omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
3,4-Methylenedioxyphenylpropan-2-one. 3,4-Methylenedioxyphenylpropan-2-one or piperonyl methyl ketone (MDP2P or PMK) is a chemical compound consisting of a phenylacetone moiety substituted with a methylenedioxy functional group. It is commonly synthesized from either safrole (which, for comparison, is 3-[3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenyl]-2-propene) or its isomer isosafrole via oxidation using the Wacker oxidation or peroxyacid oxidation methods. MDP2P is unstable at room temperature and must be kept in the freezer in order to be preserved properly.

MDP2P is a precursor in the chemical synthesis of the methylenedioxyphenethylamine (MDxx) class of compounds, the classic example of which is 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA), and is also an intermediate between the MDxx family and their slightly more distant precursor safrole or isosafrole. On account of its relation to the MDxx chemical class, MDP2P, as well as safrole and isosafrole, are in the United States (U.S.) Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) List I of Chemicals of the Controlled Substances Act (CSA) via the Chemical Diversion and Trafficking Act (CDTA). It is also considered a category 1 precursor in the European Union.

See also 
 Isosafrole
 Phenylacetone
 Safrole

References 

Ketones
Benzodioxoles
Human drug metabolites
Arthur Whitney (computer scientist). Arthur Whitney (born October 20, 1957) is a Canadian computer scientist most notable for developing three programming languages inspired by APL: A+, k, and q, and for co-founding the U.S. companies Kx Systems and Shakti Software.

Career 
Whitney studied pure mathematics at the graduate level at the University of Toronto in the early 1980s. He then worked at Stanford University. He was first exposed to APL when he was 11 by its inventor, Ken Iverson, a family friend. He later worked extensively with APL, first at I. P. Sharp Associates alongside Ken Iverson and Roger Hui among others. Whitney is recognized as having had an "enduring and significant influence on APL" and he co-authored papers with both Ken Iverson and Roger Hui. He also wrote the initial prototype of J, a terse and macro-heavy single page of code, in one afternoon, which then served as the model for J implementor, Roger Hui, and was responsible for suggesting the rank operators in J. In 1988, Whitney began working at Morgan Stanley developing financial applications. At Morgan Stanley, Whitney developed A+ to facilitate migrating APL applications from IBM mainframe computers to a network of Sun Microsystems workstations. A+ had a smaller set of primitive functions and was designed for speed, and to handle large sets of time series data.

In 1993, Whitney left Morgan Stanley and co-founded Kx Systems with Janet Lustgarten, to commercialize his k programming language. According to Paul Ford's 2015 cover-story for Businessweek, k is a programming language that is "famous for its brevity." The company signed an exclusive agreement with Union Bank of Switzerland and Whitney developed a variety of trading applications using k until the contract expired. At the outset of the contract Whitney developed the kdb database built on k. In 2003, Kx Systems released q, a new vector language that built upon k and the kdb+ database developed by Whitney.

In 2018, First Derivatives bought out Whitney and Lustgarten's minority shares of Kx Systems. Whitney and Lustgarten then founded Shakti.

The Shakti platform has a small memory footprint, and allows for fast deployment and processing of distributed elastic workloads. It can work with all kinds of datasets, including numerical, temporal and text data, whether structured or not.

References

External links 
, Shakti
, Kx Systems
, Jsoftware

Canadian computer scientists
I. P. Sharp Associates employees
Programming language designers
University of Alberta alumni
University of Toronto alumni
Businesspeople in computing
APL implementers
Living people
1957 births
Teleidoscope. A teleidoscope is a kind of kaleidoscope, with a lens and an open view, so it can be used to form kaleidoscopic patterns from objects outside the instrument, rather than from items installed as part of it.  Invented by John Lyon Burnside III and Harry Hay, the patent was filed in 1970 and granted in 1972.

The lens at the end of the tube is not an optical requirement, but protects the internals of the teleidoscope.  A spherical ball lens is often used.  An advantage of using a sphere is that it will not press flat against the object being viewed, which would block all light and result in no image being seen.

External links

Kaleidoscopes Periods & Styles, Brewster Kaleidoscope Society

References

Optical toys
American inventions
Educational toys
Grasp (disambiguation). A grasp generally refers to an act of taking, holding or seizing firmly with (or as if with) the hand.

Grasp or GRASP may also refer to:

Computing
 Graphics Animation System for Professionals (GRASP), the first multimedia animation/authoring software for the IBM PC
 Grasp (spooler), a spooler for DOS and DOS/VSE
 GRASP (object-oriented design), General Responsibility Assignment Software Patterns (or Principles)
 GRASP, the previous version of Jgrasp, a graphical source code editor
 General Purpose Relativistic Atomic Structure Program, developed by Ian Grant and others for relativistic atomic structure calculations
 GRASP (SAT solver), an SAT instance solver
 Greedy randomized adaptive search procedure

Ships
 , two ships of the United States Navy named Grasp
 , a United States Navy rescue and salvage ship

Other uses
 Glaciogenic Reservoir Analogue Studies Project, a collaborative project in glacially-related sedimentary systems
 Grace St. Paul's Episcopal Church or GraSP Church, an Episcopal church in Trenton, New Jersey, United States
 Great Apes Survival Project

See also
 Grab (disambiguation)
Sir Frank Whittle Medal. The Sir Frank Whittle Medal is awarded annually by the Royal Academy of Engineering to an engineer,
normally resident in the United Kingdom, for outstanding and sustained achievement which has contributed to the well-being of the nation. The field of activity in which the medal is awarded changes annually.

Named after Sir Frank Whittle, the award was instituted in 2001. 

Previous winners:

References

Awards established in 2001
British science and technology awards
Engineering awards
Royal Academy of Engineering
Technology history of the United Kingdom
Etelka Barsi-Pataky. Etelka Barsi-Pataky (15 September 1941, Budapest – 4 February 2018) was a Hungarian politician.  From 2004 to 2009, she was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) with Fidesz, part of the European People's Party. She sat on the European Parliament's Committee on Transport and Tourism.

Barsi-Pataky was a substitute for the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy and
a member of the Delegation for relations with South Africa.

Education
 1964: Budapest University of Technology, engineer's certificate
 1980: town planning engineer's certificate

Career
 2010–2011 Government Commissioner for the EU Danube Strategy
 2009–2017 President of the Hungarian Chamber of Engineers
 2004–2009: Member of the European Parliament
 2000–2003: Ambassador to Austria
 1994–1998: Member of the Hungarian Parliament
 1992–1994: Titular Undersecretary of State, Ministry of Economic Affairs
 High Commissioner for the Hungarian Expo
 1992–1994: Chairman of the Council for the Hungarian Expo
 1990–1994: Councillor, Budapest City Council
 1965–1990: Project engineer
 Research fellow
 1991: Principal Private Secretary, Ministry of Transport, Communications and Water Management
 1990–1992: leader, MDF party group on the Council
 1990–1992: Chairman of the Urban Development Committee, Budapest City Council
 1990–1991: Vice-Chairman of the Hungarian Chamber of Engineers

Decorations
 Grand Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria in Silver with Sash

See also
 2004 European Parliament election in Hungary

References

External links
 
 

1941 births
2018 deaths
Politicians from Budapest
MEPs for Hungary 2004–2009
Women MEPs for Hungary
Fidesz MEPs
Ambassadors of Hungary to Austria
Recipients of the Grand Decoration with Sash for Services to the Republic of Austria
Members of the National Assembly of Hungary (1994–1998)
20th-century Hungarian politicians
20th-century Hungarian women politicians
21st-century Hungarian politicians
Hungarian women diplomats
Hungarian women ambassadors
Acoustic network. An acoustic network is a method of positioning equipment using sound waves. It is primarily used in water, and can be as small or as large as required by the users specifications.

Size of network

The simplest acoustic network consists of one measurement resulting in a single range between sound source and sound receiver. 

Bigger networks are only limited by the amount of equipment available, and computing power needed to resolve the resulting data. The latest acoustic networks used in the marine seismic industry can resolve a network of some 16,000 individual ranges in a matter of seconds.

The principle

The principle behind all acoustic networks is the same. Distance = speed x travel time. If the travel time and speed of the sound signal are known, we can calculate the distance between source and receiver. In most networks, the speed of the acoustic signal is assumed at a specific value. This value is either derived from measuring a signal between two known points, or by using specific equipment to calculate it from environmental conditions.

The diagram below shows the basic operation of measuring a single range.
 

At a specified time the processor issues a signal to the source, which then sends out the sound wave.
Once the sound wave is received another signal is received at the processor resulting in a time difference between transmission and reception. This gives the travel time.
Using the travel time and assumed speed of the signal, the processor can calculate the distance between source and receiver.

If the operator is using acoustic ranges to position items in unknown locations they will need to use more than the single range example shown above. 

As there is only one measurement, the receiver could be anywhere on a circle with a radius equal to the calculated range and centered on the transmitter.

Acoustic Processing

If a second transmitter is added to the system the number of possible positions for the receiver is reduced to two.

It is only when three or more ranges are introduced into the system, is the position of the receiver achieved.

References

Acoustics
Networks
Programmable interrupt controller. In computing, a programmable interrupt controller (PIC) is an integrated circuit that helps a microprocessor (or CPU) handle interrupt requests (IRQs) coming from multiple different sources (like external I/O devices) which may occur simultaneously. It helps prioritize IRQs so that the CPU switches execution to the most appropriate interrupt handler (ISR) after the PIC assesses the IRQs' relative priorities. Common modes of interrupt priority include hard priorities, rotating priorities, and cascading priorities.  PICs often allow mapping input to outputs in a configurable way. On the PC architecture PIC are typically embedded into a southbridge chip whose internal architecture is defined by the chipset vendor's standards.

Common features
PICs typically have a common set of registers: interrupt request register (IRR), in-service register (ISR), and interrupt mask register (IMR). The IRR specifies which interrupts are pending acknowledgement, and is typically a symbolic register which can not be directly accessed. The ISR register specifies which interrupts have been acknowledged, but are still waiting for an end of interrupt (EOI). The IMR specifies which interrupts are to be ignored and not acknowledged. A simple register schema such as this allows up to two distinct interrupt requests to be outstanding at one time, one waiting for acknowledgement, and one waiting for EOI.

There are a number of common priority schemas in PICs including hard priorities, specific priorities, and rotating priorities.

Interrupts may be either edge triggered or level triggered.

There are a number of common ways of acknowledging an interrupt has completed when an EOI is issued. These include specifying which interrupt completed, using an implied interrupt which has completed (usually the highest priority pending in the ISR), and treating interrupt acknowledgement as the EOI.

Well-known types
One of the best known PICs, the 8259A, was included in the x86 PC. In modern times, this is not included as a separate chip in an x86 PC, but rather as part of the motherboard's southbridge chipset. In other cases, it has been replaced by the newer Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controllers which support more interrupt outputs and more flexible priority schemas.

See also
 Intel 8259 – notable PIC from Intel
 OpenPIC and IBM MPIC
 Inter-processor interrupt (IPI)
 Interrupt latency
 Non-maskable interrupt (NMI)
 IRQL (Windows)

Further reading
More information on the Intel APIC can be found in the IA-32 Intel Architecture Software Developer's Manual, Volume 3A: System Programming Guide, Part 1, Chapter 10, freely available on the Intel website.

References

External links
 IA-32 Intel Architecture Software Developer's Manual, Volume 3A
 Interrupt controller and associated registers.

Motherboard
Digital electronics
Interrupts
Kilocalorie per mole. The kilocalorie per mole is a unit to measure an amount of energy per number of molecules, atoms, or other similar particles.  It is defined as one kilocalorie of energy (1000 thermochemical gram calories) per one mole of substance.  The unit symbol is written kcal/mol or kcal⋅mol−1. As typically measured, one kcal/mol represents a temperature increase of one degree Celsius in one liter of water (with a mass of 1 kg) resulting from the reaction of one mole of reagents.

In SI units, one kilocalorie per mole is equal to 4.184 kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol), which comes to approximately  joules per molecule, or about 0.043 eV per molecule. At room temperature (25 °C, 77 °F, or 298.15 K), one kilocalorie per mole is approximately equal to 1.688 kT per molecule.

Even though it is not an SI unit, the kilocalorie per mole is still widely used in chemistry and biology for thermodynamical quantities such as thermodynamic free energy, heat of vaporization, heat of fusion and ionization energy. This is due to a variety of factors, including the ease with which it can be calculated based on the units of measure typically employed in quantifying a chemical reaction, especially in aqueous solution. In addition, for many important biological processes, thermodynamic changes are on a convenient order of magnitude when expressed in kcal/mol. For example, for the reaction of glucose with ATP to form glucose-6-phosphate and ADP, the free energy of reaction is −4.0 kcal/mol using the pH = 7 standard state.

References
 

Energy (physics)
Thermodynamics
Heat transfer
Units of chemical measurement
Wolf Creek Generating Station. Wolf Creek Generating Station is a nuclear power plant located near Burlington, Kansas. It occupies  of the total  controlled by the owner.  Its namesake, Wolf Creek, was dammed to create Coffey County Lake (formerly Wolf Creek Lake), and provides water for the condensers.

History
Construction started on May 30, 1977 and it was commissioned on September 3, 1985, at a cost of  (in 2007 value).

This plant has one Westinghouse pressurized water reactor that came online on June 4, 1985. The reactor was rated at 1,170 MW(e). A new turbine generator rotor was installed in 2011 that increased electrical output to approximately 1250 MW(e).  The reactor output remained unchanged at 3565 MW (th).

On October 4, 2006, the operator applied to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) for a renewal and extension of the plant's operating license. 
The NRC granted the renewal on November 20, 2008, extending the license from forty years to sixty.

On January 13, 2012, at 2 p.m., due to a breaker failure and an unexplained loss of power to an electrical transformer, the plant experienced an automatic reactor trip and loss of offsite power that lasted 3 hours.

The nuclear plant was a target of an unsuccessful cyberattack by hackers in 2017, leading to indictments in 2021. FSB's 16th Center military unit 71330 associated Russian hacker groups Energetic Bear, Berserk Bear and Crouching Yeti were associated with the attacks at Wolf Creek.

Ownership
The Wolf Creek Nuclear Operating Corporation, a Delaware corporation, operates the power plant. The ownership is divided between  the Evergy (94%), and Kansas Electric Power Cooperative, Inc. (6%).

Surrounding population
The Nuclear Regulatory Commission defines two emergency planning zones around nuclear power plants: a plume exposure pathway zone with a radius of , concerned primarily with exposure to, and inhalation of, airborne radioactive contamination, and an ingestion pathway zone of about , concerned primarily with ingestion of food and liquid contaminated by radioactivity.

The 2010 U.S. population within  of Wolf Creek was 5,466, a decrease of 2.8 percent in a decade, according to an analysis of U.S. Census data for msnbc.com. The 2010 U.S. population within  was 176,656, a decrease of 1.7 percent since 2000. Cities within 50 miles include Emporia (30 miles to city center).

Seismic risk
The Nuclear Regulatory Commission's estimate of the risk each year of an earthquake intense enough to cause core damage to the reactor at Wolf Creek was 0.0019%, or 1 in 55,556, according to an NRC study published in August 2010.

Notes

References

External links

 
 Old Official Website (Archived)  (404)
 Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE):
 Wolf Creek Nuclear Power Plant, Kansas (April 26, 2012) 
 Kansas (estimates) (version February 16, 2017) 
 Wolf Creek Nuclear Power Plant Tourism
 

Energy infrastructure completed in 1985
Buildings and structures in Coffey County, Kansas
Nuclear power plants in Kansas
Nuclear power stations using pressurized water reactors
Evergy
1985 establishments in Kansas
Prefetching. Prefetching in computer science is a technique for speeding up fetch operations by beginning a fetch operation whose result is expected to be needed soon.  Usually this is before it is known to be needed, so there is a risk of wasting time by prefetching data that will not be used.  The technique can be applied in several circumstances:

 Cache prefetching, a speedup technique used by computer processors where instructions or data are fetched before they are needed
 Prefetch input queue (PIQ), in computer architecture, pre-loading machine code from memory
 Link prefetching, a web mechanism for prefetching links
 Prefetcher technology in modern releases of Microsoft Windows
 Prefetch instructions, for example provided by
 PREFETCH, an X86 instruction in computing
 Prefetch buffer, a feature of DDR SDRAM memory
 Swap prefetch, in computer operating systems, anticipatory paging

See also

Computer science
SCCS. SCCS may refer to any of the following:

Science and technology 
 Source Code Control System, a method of controlling software versions
 Switching Control Center System, an Operations Support System used by telephone companies from the 1970s to 1990s
Standard cross-cultural sample, an ethnographic dataset widely used in Cross-cultural studies
 Scottish Centre for Carbon Storage, a consortium researching Carbon Storage based in Edinburgh, Scotland
 Standard Cost Coding System, a coding standard developed by Norwegian Oil & Gas Companies to standardize reporting formats
 Standard Cubic Centimeter per Second, a measure of gas throughput or leakage rate
 Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety, a scientific committee in the EU providing opinions on health and safety risks of consumer products and services
Shipboard Command and Control System, a network of computers including large screen displays and a dedicated satellite network for communications. Installed on United States Coast Guard High Endurance Cutters

Organizations 
 Saint Croix Catholic School, an elementary school in Stillwater, MN
 Smith College Campus School, a private elementary lab school run by Smith College
 Santhigiri College of Computer Sciences, India
 Student Conference on Conservation Science, an international conference for students involved with wildlife conservation
 Swarthmore College Computer Society, a campus society at Swarthmore College
 Santa Clarita Christian School, a private K-12 school
Sioux Center Christian School, a private K-8 school
Stop Climate Chaos Scotland, a coalition of Scottish organisations aiming to reverse human-made climate change   
Southern California Computer Society   
 Southern Colorado Computer Solutions Inc., biggest computer service center in Southern Colorado
Sports Car Club of Siouxland, a performance driving organization based out of Sioux Fall South Dakota that focuses on mainly running NASA (National Auto Sports Association) sanctioned autocross events as well as HPDE days and doing work with local charities and veterans associations.

Transportation 
 Small Common Components and Systems, an automobile platform developed by Fiat S.p.A. and General Motors

See also
 SCC (disambiguation)
McDonnell Douglas MD-94X. The McDonnell Douglas MD-94X was a planned propfan-powered airliner, intended to begin production in 1994. Announced in January 1986, the aircraft was to seat between 160 and 180 passengers, possibly using a twin-aisle configuration. An all-new design that was investigated internally since at least 1984, the MD-94X was developed in the mid-1980s to compete with the similar Boeing 7J7. The price of oil would have to be at least US$1.40 per gallon for McDonnell Douglas to build the plane, though. Configuration was similar to the MD-80, but advanced technologies such as canard noseplanes, laminar and turbulent boundary layer control, side-stick flight control (via fiber optics), and aluminum-lithium alloy construction were under consideration. Airline interest in the brand-new propfan technology was weak despite claims of up to a 60% reduction in fuel use, and both aircraft were canceled.

Under development at the same time were two propfan-powered commercial variants of the MD-80. The "MD-91X" would have seated 100-110 and entered service in 1991. The "MD-92X," a 150-seat aircraft targeted for service entry in 1992, was originally to be a  of the MD-80. The price per engine would have been an estimated US$1.6 million dollars more for the propfans than for the MD-80's Pratt & Whitney JT8D-200 series engines. Existing DC-9s and MD-80s would also have been eligible for an upgrade to the new propfan powerplants. On May 19, 1987, McDonnell Douglas tested General Electric Aviation's unducted fan (UDF) engine in flight for the first time on an MD-80 demonstrator, an aircraft that was restored after suffering an empennage separation in 1980 during the landing of a certification test flight for the DC-9 Super 80.

A propfan-powered military variant of the MD-87 or MD-91X, called the P-9D, was also proposed as an anti-submarine warfare (ASW) aircraft. The P-9D was intended for use in the United States Navy's Long Range Air ASW-Capable Aircraft (LRAACA) program, which was to initially replace the existing fleet of 125 Lockheed P-3 Orion aircraft. In October 1988, the Navy selected a derivative of the P-3 Orion (which was later renamed Lockheed P-7A) as the LRAACA aircraft over the P-9D.

On October 10, 1989, McDonnell Douglas publicly announced that it was abandoning the development of propfan-powered aircraft, because of airline companies were concerned about the technology risk and cost compared to a conventionally-powered airliner.

Specifications

See also

References

Bibliography

External links

 
 
 
 

Abandoned civil aircraft projects of the United States
MD-094X
Propfan-powered aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Twin-engined pusher aircraft
Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear