omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Kyushu Q1W. The Kyūshū Q1W Tōkai (東海 "Eastern Sea") was a land-based, anti-submarine patrol bomber aircraft developed for the Imperial Japanese Navy in World War II. The Allied reporting name was Lorna. Although similar in appearance to the German Junkers Ju 88 medium bomber, the Q1W was a much smaller aircraft with significantly different design details.

Design and development

The Imperial Japanese Navy ordered development of the Kyūshū Q1W as the Navy Experimental 17-Shi Patrol Plane in September 1942, and the first test flight took place in September 1943. It entered service in January 1945. The Q1W carried two, low-power engines, allowing for long periods of low-speed flight.

In same period, Kyūshū built the K11W1 Shiragiku, a bomber training plane (also used in Kamikaze strikes) and the Q3W1 Nankai (South Sea), a specialized antisubmarine version of the K11W. The latter was of all-wood construction and was destroyed during a landing accident on its first flight.

Another specific anti-submarine airplane was the Mitsubishi Q2M1 "Taiyō", which was derived from Mitsubishi Ki-67 Hiryū "Peggy" torpedo-bomber, but this did not progress beyond the preliminary design stage.

Variants
 Q1W1: one prototype.
 Q1W1 Tokai Model 11: main production model.
 Q1W2 Tokai Model 21: version with tail surfaces in wood, built in small numbers.
 Q1W1-K Tokai-Ren (Eastern Sea-Trainer): trainer with capacity for four, all-wood construction. One prototype built.

Specifications (Q1W1)

See also

Footnotes

Bibliography

External links

 AirToAirCombat.com: Kyushu Q1W Tokai

Q1W
Q1W, Kyushu
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1943
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft with retractable conventional landing gear
Runway bus. The Runway bus is a front-side bus developed by Hewlett-Packard for use by its PA-RISC microprocessor family. The Runway bus is a 64-bit wide, split transaction, time multiplexed address and data bus running at 120 MHz. This scheme was chosen by HP as they determined that a bus using separate address and data wires would have only delivered 20% more bandwidth for a 50% increase in pin count, which would have made microprocessors using the bus more expensive. The Runway bus was introduced with the release of the PA-7200 and was subsequently used by the PA-8000, PA-8200, PA-8500, PA-8600 and PA-8700 microprocessors. Early implementations of the bus used in the PA-7200, PA-8000 and PA-8200 had a theoretical bandwidth of 960 MB/s. Beginning with the PA-8500, the Runway bus was revised to transmit on both rising and falling edges of a 125 MHz clock signal, which increased its theoretical bandwidth to 2 GB/s. The Runway bus was succeeded with the introduction of the PA-8800, which used the Itanium 2 bus.

Bus features

 64-bit multiplexed address/data
 20 bus protocol signals
 Supports cache coherency
 Three frequency options (1.0, 0.75 and 0.67 of CPU clock — 0.50 apparently was later added)
 Parity protection on address/data and control signal
 Each attached device contains its own arbitrator logic
 Split transactions, up to six transactions can be pending at once
 Snooping cache coherency protocol
 1-4 processors "glueless" multi-processing (no support chips needed)
 768 MB/s sustainable throughput, peak 960 MB/s at 120 MHz
 Runway+/Runway DDR: On PA-8500, PA-8600 and PA-8700, the bus operates in DDR (double data rate) mode, 
 resulting in a peak bandwidth of about 2.0 GB/s (Runway+ or Runway DDR) with 125 MHz

Most machines use the Runway bus to connect the CPUs directly to the IOMMU (Astro, U2/Uturn or Java) and memory.
However, the N class and L3000 servers use an interface chip called Dew to bridge the Runway bus to the Merced bus that connects to the IOMMU and memory.

References 
 
 Gwennap, Linley (November 17, 1997). "PA-8500's 1.5M Cache Aids Performance". Microprocessor Report.

Hewlett-Packard products
Computer buses
Planimetrics. Planimetrics is the study of plane measurements, including angles, distances, and areas.

History
To measure planimetrics a planimeter or dot planimeter is used. This rather advanced analog technology is being taken over by simple image measurement software tools like, ImageJ, Adobe Acrobat, Google Earth Pro, Gimp, Photoshop and KLONK Image Measurement which can help do this kind of work from digitalized images.

In geography
Planimetric elements in geography are those features that are independent of elevation, such as roads, building footprints, and rivers and lakes. They are represented on two-dimensional maps as they are seen from the air, or in aerial photography. These features are often digitized from orthorectified aerial photography into data layers that can be used in analysis and cartographic outputs.

A planimetric map is one that does not include relief data.

See also
Horizontal position representation
Two-dimensional space

References

Cartography
Infographics
Surveying
USENIX Annual Technical Conference. The USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC, or, canonically, USENIX) is a conference of computing researchers sponsored by the USENIX association. The conference includes computing tutorials, and a single track technical session for presenting refereed research papers, SIG meetings, and BoFs.

There have been several notable announcements and talks at USENIX. In 1995, James Gosling announced "Oak", which was to become the Java Programming Language.  John Ousterhout first presented TCL here, and Usenet was announced here.

It is considered one of the most prestigious venues for computer systems research and has an 'A' rating from the Australian CORE Conference Ranking system.

From 2021 onward, this is co-located with another premier conference, USENIX OSDI.

List of conferences 

 USENIX ATC 2023—Boston, Massachusetts, July 10–12, 2023
 USENIX ATC 2022—Carlsbad, California, July 11–13, 2022
 USENIX ATC 2021—Virtual, July 14–16, 2021
 USENIX ATC 2020—Virtual, July 15–17, 2020
 USENIX ATC 2019—Renton, Washington, July 10–12, 2019
 USENIX ATC 2018—Boston, Massachusetts, July 11–13, 2018
 USENIX ATC 2017—Santa Clara, California, July 12–14, 2017
 USENIX ATC 2016—Denver, Colorado, June 22–24, 2016
 USENIX ATC 2015—Santa Clara, California, July 8–10, 2015
 USENIX ATC 2014—Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, June 19–20, 2014
 USENIX ATC 2013—San Jose, California, June 26–28, 2013
 USENIX ATC 2012—Boston, Massachusetts, June 13–15, 2012
 USENIX ATC 2011—Portland, Oregon, June 15–17, 2011
 USENIX ATC 2010—Boston, Massachusetts, June 23–25, 2010
 USENIX ATC 2009—San Diego, California, June 14–19, 2009
 USENIX ATC 2008—Boston, Massachusetts, June 22–June 27, 2008
 USENIX ATC 2007—Santa Clara, California, June 17–22, 2007
 USENIX ATC 2006—Boston, Massachusetts, May 30–June 3, 2006
 USENIX ATC 2005—Anaheim, California, April 10–15, 2005
 USENIX ATC 2004—Boston, Massachusetts, June 27–July 2, 2004
 USENIX ATC 2003—San Antonio, Texas, June 9–14, 2003
 USENIX ATC 2002—Monterey, California, June 10–15, 2002
 USENIX ATC 2001—Boston, Massachusetts, June 25–30, 2001
 USENIX ATC 2000—San Diego, California, June 18–23, 2000
 USENIX ATC 1999—Monterey, California, June 6–11, 1999
 USENIX ATC 1998—New Orleans, Louisiana, June 15–19, 1998
 USENIX ATC 1997—Anaheim, California, January 6–10, 1997
 USENIX ATC 1996—San Diego, California, January 22–26, 1996
 USENIX TC 1995—New Orleans, Louisiana, January 16–20, 1995

Prior to 1995 there were two USENIX Technical Conferences held each year, with one held in the summer and the other during the winter

References

External links
The USENIX Association
USENIX ATC Conferences

Computer conferences
Unix
Ahmad Motamedi. Seyyed Ahmad Motamedi (; born 1953 in Tehran) is an Iranian politician & member of Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic)'s Electrical Engineering faculty.

He was the chancellor of Amirkabir University of Technology from June 2014 to September 2021. He was the Iranian Minister of Communication and Information Technology until August 24, 2005, and was replaced by Mohammad Soleimani.Seyyed Ahmad Motamedi, Head of the Scientific and Industrial Research Organization of the Ministry of Science and Riyal of the Ministry of Science and Technology (RIA) Currency Quota for the Year 2000 He entered the country claiming to be used for endorsement plans. Despite the claim, he sold imported materials to the open market, but according to the official theory of the Law Office of the Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, there is no evidence that the product entered the warehouse or sold and opened. The Culture News report, in connection with the misconduct, led to the conviction of a trustee and his crime partner (deputy chief financial officer of the organization), both of whom were convicted last year after numerous bans on archery. They appealed, but the court of appeals ultimately upheld the judgment of the second panel of the Tribunal. In his performance record, Moamadi was in charge of the reform of the Ministry of Post and Telegraph and Telephone, which was impeached because of a weak performance on November 7, without the presence of the head of reform, with much scrutiny. Four people were eventually reinstated in their post to consult with MPs to get their opinion. At that time he introduced himself to the forces of value and claimed his impeachment was political. Meanwhile, Motamedi is now a close friend of Hojatoleslam Hashemi Rafsanjani. He was also a member of the outlawed committee of Mir Hossein Mousavi for nine years and his appointment as chairman of Amir Kabir University was met with widespread criticism. 

Motamedi earned his BS in Electronics from Amirkabir University of Technology in 1978 and his MS and PhD, both in Digital Electronics and Informatics Systems, from Pierre and Marie Curie University, France, in 1980 and 1983 respectively. He has been a faculty member of the Electrical Engineering department of Amirkabir University of Technology since 1984.

External links
His CV on official website of Iranian Presidency
His academic CV on official website of Electrical Engineering Department of Amirkabir University of Technology

Government ministers of Iran
Pierre and Marie Curie University alumni
1953 births
Living people
Impeached Iranian officials
Iranian electrical engineers
Politicians from Tehran
20th-century Iranian engineers
21st-century Iranian politicians
Business process automation. Business process automation (BPA), also known as business automation, refers to the technology-enabled automation of business processes.

Deployment
BPA tool sets vary in capability, but there is a trend towards the use of artificial intelligence technologies that can understand natural language and unstructured data sets, interact with human beings, and adapt to new types of problems without human-guided training.

A business process management implementation
A business process management system differs from BPA. However, it is possible to implement automation based on a BPM implementation. The methods to achieve this vary, from writing custom application code to using specialist BPA tools.

Robotic process automation

Robotic process automation (RPA) involves the deployment of attended or unattended software agents in an organization's environment. These software agents, or robots, are programmed to perform pre-defined structured and repetitive sets of business tasks or processes. The goal is to allow humans to focus on more productive tasks, while the software agents handle the repetitive ones.

BPA providers typically focus on different industry sectors, but the underlying approach is generally similar in that they aim to provide the shortest route to automation by interacting with the user interface rather than modifying the application code or database behind it.

Use of artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence software robots are used to handle unstructured data sets (like images, texts, audios) and are often deployed after implementing robotic process automation. They can, for instance, generate an automatic transcript from a video. The combination of automation and artificial intelligence (AI) enables autonomy for the robots, along with the capability to perform cognitive tasks. At this stage, the robot can learn and improve processes by analyzing and adapting them.

See also 
 AI alignment
 Artificial intelligence detection software
 Artificial intelligence and elections
 Business-driven development
 Business Process Model and Notation
 Business process reengineering
 Business Process Execution Language (BPEL)
 Business rules engine
 Comparison of business integration software
 Job scheduler
 Real-time enterprise
 Runbook
 Synthetic intelligence
 Weak AI

References 

Business terms
Business process management
Automation
Artificial intelligence
Cybernetics
Power meter. Power meter may refer to:

 Electricity meter measures electrical energy (electrical power supplied to a residence, business or machine over time)
 Wattmeter measures the electrical power circulating in any electric circuit
 Microwave power meter measures power in a microwave signal
 Optical power meter measures power in an optical signal
 Google PowerMeter is a tool to track a household's energy usage
 A cycling power meter measures the power output of a bicycle rider
 Health meter, a video game mechanic
Hinkley Locomotive Works. Hinkley Locomotive Works was a steam locomotive manufacturer based in Boston, Massachusetts in the 19th century.

History

The company that was to become known as Hinkley Locomotive Works got its start in Boston in 1831. Holmes Hinkley and his partner Daniel F. Child founded the Boston Machine Works and soon built the third stationary steam engine that was constructed in Massachusetts.  The company's first locomotive was a 4-2-0 built in 1840 that followed the roughly standard designs of the 1830s. Hinkley's early locomotives closely resembled those designed by John Souther.

The company gained a reputation as a reliable and respectable locomotive builder and grew to become the largest manufacturer in New England within a decade. In 1848 the company reorganized as the Boston Locomotive Works and operated under that name until foreclosure due to the financial panic in 1859.

After reorganization under Jarvis Williams, the company became Hinkley, Williams and Company.  Hinkley, who had been forced out in the foreclosure, returned to the company in another reorganization in 1864 as the Hinkley and Williams Locomotive Works.  The company produced locomotives for the railroads of the American Civil War and regained some of the earlier profitability that they had enjoyed earlier in the century. Also during the Civil War, as Hinckley, Williams and Co, fifty large cannon were forged for the US Government.

In 1872 the company was renamed Hinkley Locomotive Works but fell into bankruptcy again by the end of the decade. This bankruptcy led to the 1880 reorganization as the Hinkley Locomotive Company. Orders fell off and the company was permanently closed in 1889. In 1890, the Portland Company acquired the patterns used by the Hinkley Locomotive Works for its two-foot gauge locomotives.

Locomotives 
A 9-ton  built in 1846 as the Lion for the Machiasport Railroad of eastern Maine is preserved at the Maine State Museum in Augusta, Maine.

Another Hinkley engine still exists but not in its original form. In 1879, the Hinkley Locomotive Works built a  named "H. C. Hardon", and numbered 73, for the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe. This engine was converted to a  and re-numbered 643, by the Santa Fe shops in 1897 and it served the Santa Fe until its retirement c1953. This engine, not currently in operating condition, is now located in the Oklahoma Railway Museum, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.

A Hinkley locomotive was used to transport Abraham Lincoln from Springfield, Illinois, to Washington D.C. for his inauguration.

References

External links
 Shaw's four cylinder balanced engine describing a unique Hinkley product of 1881.
 Hinkley Locomotive Works Shop Drawings at Baker Library Historical Collections, Harvard Business School

1831 establishments in Massachusetts
1889 disestablishments in the United States
Defunct locomotive manufacturers of the United States
Industrial buildings and structures in Massachusetts
Massachusetts in the American Civil War
Defunct manufacturing companies based in Massachusetts
Gas cracker. A gas cracker is any device that splits the molecules in a gas or liquid, usually by electrolysis, into atoms. The end product is usually a gas. A hydrocracker is an example of a gas cracker. In nature, molecules are split often, such as in food digestion and microbial digestion activity. A gas cracker device splits the molecule at a rate much greater than that normally found in nature. In science and industry, gas crackers are used to separate two or more elements in a molecule. For example, liquid water, or , is separated into hydrogen and oxygen gases. This is not to be confused with the splitting of the nucleus (nuclear power).

Gas cracker
Petrochemicals are usually manufactured in large scale from petroleum feed stocks using fluid catalytic cracking. Naphtha, natural gas, refinery off-gas and gas from cokers and thermal crackers are good sources. Thus natural gas is one of the most wanted feed stocks for petrochemicals production. The thermal cracking of natural gas proceeds at very high temperature resulting in  olefins (Mostly ethylene/propylene). The temperature in a gas cracker exceeds 1000°C. For ultimate decomposition of gas into elements more than 1500 °C is required. Thus, acetylene/carbon black production encounters such high temperatures. Usually oxy-combustion methods are used for attaining such high temperatures. BASF burners/Kellog burners are available in the market.

Other methods
Further electro cracking or plasma cracking methods are also available.

References

See also
 Plasma polymerization
 Pyrolysis
 Gas-phase ion chemistry

Sources 
 Fahad H. Falqi, 2009, The Miracle of Petrochemicals: Olefins Industry : an In-depth Look at Steam Crackers.
 Herman F. Mark, 2013, Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology, Concise.
 William L. Leffler, 2014, Natural Gas Liquids: A Nontechnical Guide.

Citations

Electrolysis
cracker
Ball-peen hammer. A ball-peen or ball pein hammer, also known as a machinist's hammer, is a type of peening hammer used in metalworking. It has two heads, one flat and the other, called the peen, rounded. It is distinguished from a cross-peen hammer, diagonal-peen hammer, point-peen hammer, or chisel-peen hammer by having a hemispherical peen.

Etymology 

In the word "ball-peen", peen, sometimes written pein, probably comes from a North Germanic source; compare dialectal Norwegian penn (“peen”), Danish pind (“peg”), German Pinne (“the peen of a hammer”), Old Swedish pæna (“to pound iron with a hammer”).

Uses 
Besides peening (surface-hardening by impact), the ball-peen hammer is useful for many tasks, such as striking punches and chisels (usually performed with the flat face of the hammer). The peening face or ball face is useful for rounding off edges of metal pins and fasteners, such as rivets. It can also be used to make gaskets for mating surfaces: a suitable gasket material is held over the surface that needs a gasket, and the operator lightly taps around the edges of the mating surface to perforate the gasket material.

Variants 
Variants include the straight-peen, diagonal-peen, and cross-peen hammer. Instead of a ball-shaped head, these hammers have a wedge-shaped head. The straight-peen hammer has a wedge oriented parallel to the hammer's handle. The cross-peen hammer's wedge is oriented perpendicular to the handle. The head of a diagonal-peen hammer, as the name implies, has a wedge set at a 45° angle from the handle; it can be a left angle or a right angle, and some peen hammers have a double diagonal wedge for ergonomic reasons. They are commonly used by blacksmiths during the forging process to deliver blows for forging or to strike other forging tools.

Head materials 
Ball-peen hammer heads are typically made of heat treated forged high-carbon steel or alloy steel; it is harder than the face of a claw hammer. Softer brass heads are sometimes used.

References

Bibliography 
 

Hammers
Metalworking hand tools
Woodworking hand tools
StoryServer. StoryServer was the name the company Vignette gave to CNET's web publishing application "PRISM" when they bought it. It used a document publishing model to move templates through various workflow stages, and was thus quite useful to the newly formed Web publishing world.

The templates were defined in the Tcl language, using extensions that made StoryServer's internal state and database available.

The defining attribute of StoryServer was the caching system which allowed access to pre-generated pages to completely bypass the content generation system, and thus produce these pages as fast as the underlying hardware and Web server software could send them to the network. This gained StoryServer a degree of scalability that most products were incapable of matching. It integrated with HTTP web server platforms and used lazy caching gracefully connected to their 404 "File Not Found" handlers.

StoryServer version 4 was released in July 1998 and introduced XML support.  After StoryServer 4, Vignette changed the name of the product to "V5", and has named each subsequent version in the same manner.  V5 and V6 added support for templates that used Java and ASP rather than tcl.

StoryServer-based websites often use a distinctive page address style in which the filename consists of several numbers separated by commas.  An example URL of this form would be 'http://example.com/foo/0,1245,,00.html'.

See also
Information and Content Exchange
Vignette Corporation

References

Content management systems
K42. K42 is a discontinued open-source research operating system (OS) for cache-coherent 64-bit multiprocessor systems. It was developed primarily at IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center in collaboration with the University of Toronto and University of New Mexico. The main focus of this OS is to address performance and scalability issues of system software on large-scale, shared memory, non-uniform memory access (NUMA) multiprocessing computers.

K42 uses a microkernel architecture rather than the traditional monolithic kernel design. K42 consists of a small exception-handling component that serves as the microkernel, a fast inter-process communication (IPC) mechanism named protected procedure call (PPC), and servers for most other components of the operating system. These servers exist in separate address spaces and rely upon the fast IPC mechanism for communication with the microkernel and other servers.

History
The core of K42 is based on the University of Toronto's operating system Tornado. K42 is the university's third generation of research on scalable operating systems. Tornado OS on a nuMachine Multiprocessor was the second generation and Hurricane OS on a Hector Multiprocessor was the first generation.

Features
K42 supports the Linux PowerPC 64 and 32 application binary interfaces (ABIs), so most PowerPC Linux binary files can run on K42 without modification, including the relational database DB2. K42 has some device drivers implemented specifically for it, but it gets most of its hardware support by directly linking in Linux device drivers to a special server.

Another goal of the K42 design is to achieve a customizable and maintainable system. Being built with an object-oriented programming design, it allows applications to customize and thus optimize the OS services required, and then on the fly, hot swap kernel object implementations. This is particularly important for applications, such as databases and web servers, where the ability to control physical resources can improve performance.

Open source
The K42 source is via git:

https://github.com/jimix/k42

References

External links

 (from the Internet Archive)

Free software operating systems
Microkernels
IBM operating systems
PowerPC operating systems