omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
LAK-17. The LAK-17 is a Lithuanian single-seat sailplane that was designed at the Lithuanian Aero Club ( or LAK), and is manufactured by Sportinė Aviacija.

Design and development

The LAK-17 is designed to meet the requirements of the utility category of JAR-22. It is a single-seat mid-wing sailplane of composite construction with a T-tail and flaps, it has a retractable single-wheel main landing gear and has airbrakes on the upper wing surface. The airfoil is a combination of the LAP92-130/15, at its roots, and the LAP-92-150/15, at its tips. The LAK-17 holds water ballast in tanks in the wing and fin. The LAK-17A was certified in November 1994 by the Lithuanian Civil Aviation Authority. A new variant with an improved wing was designated the LAK-17B. All variants have a  wingspan but a wing with span increased to  is available as an option; powered self-sustaining versions are also produced.

An optional front electric sustainer engine variant was developed for the LAK-17 by Slovenian engineers at LZ Design. It originally had a 0.9 metre propeller, and the latest versions have a 1.0 metre propeller in the nose driven by an electric motor.

Variants
LAK-17A
Production flapped 15- or 18-metre wingspan sailplane.
LAK-17AT
Powered self-sustaining sailplane variant of the LAK-17A with a Solo 2350 two-cylinder air-cooled two-stroke retractable engine.
LAK-17A FES
A LAK-17A with a front electric sustainer.
LAK-17B
Improved variant with new wing profile and modified geometry. 
LAK-17BT
Powered self-sustaining sailplane variant of the LAK-17B with a Solo 2350 retractable engine.
LAK-17B FES
A LAK-17B with a front electric sustainer.
LAK-17C FES
Improved variant with aerodynamic changes as well as a raised undercarriage to provide increased ground clearance for the folding propeller and increased battery capacity for self launching.

Specifications (LAK-17A with 15 metre wingspan)

References

External links

 

1990s Lithuanian sailplanes
Electric aircraft
LAK aircraft
2 1/2-dimensional manufacturing. -dimensional manufacturing, also known as -D, is a conventional way of describing a process for obtaining an object where the third dimension is somehow dependent from the transversal cross-section of the same.

-D is used for differentiating a 3D process, like for example injection moulding, casting or forging, as well as 2D processes like plastics extrusion, extrusion, drawing or dipping from other processes, like for example microextrusion, overmoulding, etc.

The product of the -D process can, in fact, be described by mean of a transversal cross-section and a longitudinal cross-section as any other, but in which the transversal cross-section varies, generating a variable longitudinal cross-section generally more simple than the transversal cross-section.

In other words, the third dimension, so the longitudinal cross-section can be represented as the projection of the transversal cross-section in the infinity of the horizon.  

An example of -D processing, can be -D microextrusion, where, thanks to an optimal control of the process, the obtained extrudate, which is generally, but not always a tube, can have:
 Tapered profile, which means that diameters or characteristic dimensions, varies independently from each other.
 Bump profile, which means that dimensions will vary in a dependent way, so the dimensions will be proportional.
 TIE (Totally Intermittent Extrusion) profile, which means that at least one of the materials composing the cross-section switch to another allowing a variation of hardness, radio-opacity or other specific characteristics.
 ILE (Intermittent Layer Extrusion) profile, which means that the materials composing the cross-section can vary the proportion between themselves, in case of a tube for example, the thickness of one layer can change independently from others.

References

Bibliography

Dimension
Molding processes
Harmonised monitoring scheme. The Harmonised Monitoring Scheme is a long term river water quality monitoring scheme in the United Kingdom. The term is also used to refer to the long term data sets produced by the scheme.

Establishment

The scheme was established in 1974 by the Department of the Environment with much of the initial planning and implementation undertaken by the Water Research Centre. It involved the creation of a network of sites across the UK. Most sites were at the downstream freshwater limits of the larger rivers although some of the largest rivers also included additional locations below major tributary confluences. Before inclusion of any location in the survey, homogeneity testing was carried out to characterise quality variations laterally and vertically within the river section chosen. For each designated point a specific sampling location was identified based on the results of the homogeneity exercise. In addition laboratories who were to undertake the analysis of samples were identified and a comprehensive AQC exercise was conducted to ensure comparability of data derived from the monitoring programme.

Objectives
The scheme was originally intended to operate for 10 years from 1974 to 1984 to provide data to the Department of the Environment to permit the identification of national trends in water quality. However its duration was extended. It was formally discontinued in 2013, however in England many of the monitoring sites continue to be surveyed to describe long term water quality trends. It was also intended to satisfy the requirements of the EU decision on the exchange of monitoring data requirements.

Operation
The scheme is administered by the Environment Agency in England, by Natural Resources Wales in Wales and by SEPA in Scotland and involves routine monitoring at 230 sites including 56 river systems in Scotland.

Data
The data produced by the scheme provides a continuous and consistent record of quality of rivers across the UK for more than 30 years and can be used to demonstrate changes in water quality over that period.

References

Environmental monitoring
Rivers of the United Kingdom
Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
Tonawanda Engine. Tonawanda Engine is a General Motors engine factory in Buffalo, New York. The plant consists of three facilities totaling  and sits upon . The factory receives cast engine blocks from Defiance Foundry in Defiance, Ohio and Saginaw Metal Casting Operations in Saginaw, Michigan, and received engine block castings and cylinder heads from the former Massena Castings Plant in Massena, New York.

History
The campus houses three different engine plants. Plant #1, located at 2995 River Road in Buffalo, was built in 1938; Plant #4, located at 2390 Kenmore Avenue, was built in 1941; and Plant #5, located at 240 Vulcan Street, was built in 2001.

Investments
 2010 $425 million for the next Generation Ecotec 2.0:/2.5L
 2010 $400 million for a new V8 small block engine

Products
 Ecotec Gen III 
 2.0L Turbo
 2.5L
 Small-Block Engine Gen V
 4.3L
 5.3L
 6.2L
 6.2L LT1 & LT4

Total engines produced since 1938 – 70,967,249

Product Applications
 Ecotec Gen III
 Buick:  Regal
 Cadillac: ATS and CTS
 Chevrolet: Malibu, Impala, and Camaro
 Opel:  Insignia
 Small Block Gen V
 Chevrolet: Silverado
 GMC: Sierra
 LT1 & LT4
 Chevrolet: Corvette, Camaro

Awards
 Ward's Best Engines 2014 - 6.2L LT1 Small Block GenV
 Ward's Best Engines 2013 - 2.0L Turbo Ecotec GenII
 Ken-Ton Chamber of Commerce Green Globe Award for being a leader in Green Manufacturing, 2013
 EPA ENERGY STAR Challenge for Industry Recipient, 2010
 Certificate of Appreciation from WNY Chapter 77 Vietnam Veterans of American Chapter

Employee information
 Hourly: 1,498
 Salary: 237
 Union Local: UAW Local 774

See also
 List of GM factories

References

External links
General Motors: Tonawanda Engine

General Motors factories
1938 establishments in New York (state)
Motor vehicle assembly plants in New York (state)
Economy of Buffalo, New York
Industrial buildings completed in 1938
Ammonium thiosulfate. Ammonium thiosulfate (ammonium thiosulphate in British English) is an inorganic compound with the formula . It is white crystalline solid with ammonia odor, readily soluble in water, slightly soluble in acetone and insoluble in ethanol and diethyl ether.

Production
It is produced by treating ammonium sulfite with sulfur at temperatures between 85 and 110 °C:

Applications
Ammonium thiosulfate is used in photographic fixer. It is a so-called rapid fixer, acting more quickly than sodium thiosulfate fixers. Fixation involves these chemical reactions (illustrated for silver bromide):

Also exploiting the stability of thiosulfate coordination complexes, ammonium thiosulfate is also used for leaching of gold and silver. It works with presence of copper as a catalyst. This process is a nontoxic alternative gold cyanidation. The advantage to ammonium thiosulfate is that the pyrolysis of its silver complexes leaves a residue solely of silver sulfide, in contrast to complexes derived from sodium thiosulfate.

Other
Ammonium thiosulfate can be used as a fertilizer. As suggested by some research studies, it can also be used as an additive to coal-waste mixtures to reduce formation of dioxins and furans during combustion.

Safety
LD50 (oral, rat) is 2890 mg/kg.

See also 
 Thiosulfate
 Sodium thiosulfate
 Ammonium sulfate

References 

Thiosulfates
Ammonium compounds
Photographic chemicals
Gold mining
Silver mining
Inorganic fertilizers
Fuel additives
K-water. The Korea Water Resources Corporation (), or K-water, is the governmental agency for comprehensive water resource development and providing both public and industrial water in South Korea. The Comprehensive Development Plan of Land in August 1966 in accordance with the Korea Water Resources Development Corporation Act was enacted in November 1967. The Korea Water Resources Development Corporation was established in 1987, and the Korea Water Resources Corporation Act enacted in 1988.

Timeline 

 August 3, 1966 – Korea Water Resources Development Corporation Act was enacted
 November 16, 1967 – Korea Water Resources Development Corporation was founded
 June 30, 1973 – Reclamation of Western Industrial Park was completed
 October 15, 1973 – Soyanggangdaem was completed
 November 19, 1973 – Changwon Machinery Industrial Park Development Project was launched
 February 1, 1974 – Industrial Base Development Company was founded
 October 28, 1976 – Andong Multi-Purpose Dam was completed
 December 2, 1980 – Daecheong Dam was completed
 October 17, 1985 – Chungju Dam was completed
 November 16, 1987 – Nakdong River haguduk was completed
 December 4, 1987 – Korea Water Resources Corporation Act was enacted
 July 1, 1988 – Korea Water Resources Corporation was founded
 December 31, 1989 – Hapcheon Multi-Purpose Dam was completed
 November 19, 1993 – 1st construction phase of Ansan Planned Community was completed
 December 13, 1996 – Water supply of Ilsan Planned Community was expanded
 November 2, 2000 – Water supply of Chungju Dam was expanded
 December 30, 2003 – Water supply of Daecheong Dam was expanded
 December 30, 2003 – consignment of Nonsan water supply (first ever consignment agreement of local networks) was concluded

External links 
 Official Website 
  Water Official Blog Naver

References 

Government-owned companies of South Korea
Companies based in Daejeon
Dams in South Korea
Government agencies established in 1967
South Korean companies established in 1967
Tinkering School. Tinkering School is an educational program created by Gever Tulley in California and is a registered trademark of Tinkering Unlimited.

Format 
One aspect of Tinkering School is a sleepover summer camp where children participate in projects based on exploration and experimentation. Making use of various materials, students are encouraged to develop projects through which they develop skills such as creativity, communication and working in groups. The children spend an entire week inventing solutions, working on projects, testing their creations, and also having fun.

A core aspect of the Tinkering School pedagogy is the idea of a "projectory". A simple mashup of the notions of “project” and “trajectory," a projectory is a project that leaves the child on a trajectory that extends the experience beyond the end of the project.

This is combined with the notion of “escape velocity”. The escape velocity of a project is a measure of the participant's engagement and the resistance that the project offers to further exploration after it is built. A perfect project is one that has very high engagement (which you can measure by how easily distracted they are during the project) and very low resistance to further exploration.

Several affiliate programs have focused their activities on day camps and weekend workshops, rather than sleepover summer camps. While the projects themselves may be smaller, the "projectories" are no less impactful.

History 
Computer scientist Gever Tulley founded Tinkering School in 2005.

Collaborators 
Collaborators are the adult participants in the projects. They provide support, guide the project, and collaborate with the children in the discovery of a solution.

Curriculum 
At Tinkering School there is no set curriculum. There are no tests or evaluations, and collaborators do not teach any particular subject. All learning is student-directed and project-based.

See also 
Challenge-Based Learning
Hackerspace

References 

Alternative education organizations
Heinkel Wespe. The Heinkel Wespe () was a project study by the German company Heinkel for a tail-sitting, vertical take off and landing-interceptor aircraft. The aircraft did not have conventional wings, but instead featured a large rotor. Completed in 1945, it remained untested due to a lack of material at the end of the Second World War. A related project was the Heinkel Lerche.

Design

The aircraft was to be powered by a turboprop in the center of the airframe which was unusual for having a circular wing and would have had a small frontal area, making it a good platform for attacking bombers. It may have been designed for point defense, but due to the situation in Germany at the time, the engine was not completed and none were ever built.

Specifications

See also

 Heinkel Lerche
 Focke-Wulf Triebflugel
 Lockheed XFV
 Convair XFY Pogo

References

Wespe
Tailsitter aircraft
Ducted fan-powered aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Abandoned military aircraft projects of Germany
Annular-wing aircraft
Aircraft with fixed quad landing gear
Single-engined turboprop aircraft
Mid-engined aircraft
Calcium cyanide. Calcium cyanide is the inorganic compound with the formula Ca(CN)2. It is  the calcium salt derived from hydrocyanic acid. It is a white solid, although the pure material is rarely encountered. It slowly hydrolyses in solution or moist air to release hydrogen cyanide and is very toxic.

Preparation
Solutions of calcium cyanide can be prepared by treating calcium hydroxide with hydrogen cyanide. Solid calcium cyanide is produced commercially by heating calcium cyanamide with sodium chloride.  The reaction is incomplete. The product is only of 50% purity, other components being sodium cyanide, calcium cyanamide, and carbon. Because of the carbon impurity, the solid is black, hence material is often called black cyanide.

Reactivity
At temperatures around 600 °C, calcium cyanide converts to calcium cyanamide:   
Ca(CN)2   →  CaCN2  +  C
It is suspected that this reaction is one step in the conversion of calcium carbide with nitrogen gas.  The ratio of calcium cyanide to calcium cyanamide is sensitive to the presence of alkali metal halides, such as sodium chloride.

Calcium cyanide hydrolyzes upon acidification to form hydrogen cyanide:
Ca(CN)2  +  2H+   →   Ca2+  +  2HCN
Calcium cyanide reacts with ammonium carbonate to give produce ammonium cyanide:
Ca(CN)2 + (NH4)2CO3 → 2NH4CN  +  CaCO3

Uses

Calcium cyanide is used almost exclusively in the mining industry.  It serves as an inexpensive source of cyanide in many leaching or vat operation to obtain precious metals such as gold and silver from their ores.

Safety

Like other cyanide salts, this compound is highly toxic and its use is strictly regulated.

References

External links 
 Hydrogen Cyanide and Cyanide Salts (CASRN Various)

Cyanides
Cyanide
Gold mining
Tehnika. Tehnika d.d. is a Croatian company, active in civil engineering and construction industry. Its primary activities include building construction, infrastructure and civil engineering works, architectural and engineering services, technical consulting, professional supervision services and real estate management. It is listed on the Zagreb Stock Exchange and is one of 25 companies included in the CROBEX share index. In 2010, net income of the company was 11.7 million kuna, exhibiting a decrease from 11.9 million kuna net income reported for 2009. According to 2010 annual report, the company employs 1281 persons.

Tehnika was founded on January 1, 1947, and initially tasked with development of industrial complexes of former Yugoslavia. Subsequently, the scope of operations expanded to other types of construction work, both on the domestic market and abroad. In 2010 and 2011, the company suffered a substantial decrease of volume of works caused by shrinking economy.

References

External links
 

Construction and civil engineering companies of Croatia
Companies listed on the Zagreb Stock Exchange
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1947
1947 establishments in Croatia
Companies based in Zagreb
Al-Iskandariyah New Air Base. Al-Iskandariyah New Air Base is a former Iraqi Air Force base in the Babil Governorate of Iraq.   It was seized by invading U.S. forces during Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2003.

Overview
The Al Iskandariyah (Alexandria) airfield was said by some sources to be one of eight major Iraqi Air Force bases in 1991.  It was a large and expansive facility containing several hundred buildings and an extensive number of protective burms for aircraft revetments, maintenance shops and hangars, anti-aircraft missile sites and weapons storage areas.  It was attacked during Operation Desert Storm.  The al-Quds General Company for Mechanical Industries was a large military industrial factory.  In 2001, the Iraqi government explored the possibility of establishing a joint Iraqi-Belarusian tractor factory on the site.

Today the facility is abandoned.  Many support structures remain standing and abandoned, deteriorating in the elements.  Operational hardened aircraft shelters and other structures around the airfield appear to have been demolished or removed.  Today the concrete runway and series of taxiways remain exposed.

See also 
 FOB Chosin

References

Iraqi Air Force bases
Strojnik S-2. The Strojnik S-2 is an American high-wing, single-seat motor glider that was designed and built by Aleš Strojnik.

Design and development
Strojnik completed and flew his S-2 design in 1980.

The S-2 is of mixed construction. The  span wings consist of fiberglass skins built around a carbon fiber and aluminium spars. The wings employ a Wortmann FX 67-170/17 airfoil and have flaps for glidepath control. The wings are a constant chord design, with tapered wing tips. The fuselage is a pod-and-boom design, with the cockpit area made from wood, covered in fiberglass and the tail boom made from aluminium. The tail surfaces are of carbon fiber structure, covered in fiberglass. The powerplant is a Kohler Company engine of  that drives a folding two-bladed propeller. The engine is mounted in pusher configuration behind the cockpit, with the tail boom running underneath the propeller. The landing gear consists of two small wheels mounted in tandem on the fuselage centerline.

A two-seat version with the same external dimensions was reportedly under development in 1983.

Strojnik reported that 22 sets of plans had been sold by 1983.

Operational history
Strojnik earned his silver badge flying the S-2. The prototype S-2 is no longer on the Federal Aviation Administration registry, but at least eight were built and in July 2011 six remain on the US register, including three S-2s and three S-2As.

Variants
S-2
Initial version
S-2A
Improved version
S-4 "Laminar Magic"
One-off, registration number N85AS. Smaller, short-wing version, which set a US national aviation speed record in FAI Category C-1a/0 (European microlight, under 300kg gross weight) in 1987.
S-5
One-off aircraft, registration number N51152. Added slightly greater wingspan to existing S-4 fuselage for better performance in recreational flying.

Specifications (S-2)

See also

References

External links
S-2A photos

1980s United States sailplanes
Homebuilt aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1980
Motor gliders
Single-engined pusher aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Beep (video game). Beep is a 2D platform game released on 3 March 2011 by Canadian studio Big Fat Alien for Windows, Mac OS X and Linux. The Linux version arrived on Gameolith on 12 July 2011 and in the Ubuntu Software Center on 22 July 2011.

Gameplay
In Beep, the player controls a robot sent from Earth who must find anti-matter in order to power his ship, and continue exploring. The player begins in a spaceship and is able to navigate to different planets within the Solar System. When arriving at a level on a planet, a robot is deployed and the player must control the robot through the level. Collecting anti-matter, and anti-matter nuggets unlocks new levels and planets; there are 24 levels total. In each level, the player controls a four-wheeled robot, attacking enemy robots with your gun, and using an anti-gravity beam to move objects and platforms in order to access different parts of the level. Some objects can even be used to destroy hostile robots. In some instances, players must stack dead enemies' bodies in order to advance. Environments include swamp, ice, desert, and caves. The game is heavily physics-based and allows the robot to jump, glide, swim, and cling to surfaces.

Reception
Beep has received mixed praise and criticism from a couple of reviewers. Eurogamer's Matteo Lorenzetti praised the game's physics, comparing the robot's anti-gravity beam to Half-Life 2s gravity gun. While he also lauded the game's overall enjoyment factor, he criticized its lack of customization, saying that players are forced to use a mouse and WASD keys. PC Gamers Rachel Weber noted that the controls were very sensitive. She also bemoaned the game's bland graphics, noting the "distinct lack of eye candy" and "that final slick of lipstick and blusher". Gamezebo's Alicia Ashby criticized the game's physics as "mushy and imprecise", adding that players would be fighting against the controls instead of enjoying the game.

References

2011 video games
Indie games
Linux games
MacOS games
Platformers
Video games about robots
Video games developed in Canada
Windows games
Meditsinskaya Tekhnika. Meditsinskaya Tekhnika (, English: Medical Engineering) is a bimonthly Russian peer-reviewed scientific journal established in 1967 and covering the field of biomedical engineering. The editor-in-chief is Sergey V. Selishchev (since 2008).

An English translation is published by Springer Science+Business Media (Springer New York) under the title Biomedical Engineering (since 1967).

External links 
  
 Journal page on publisher's site 

Biomedical engineering journals
Multilingual journals
Springer Science+Business Media academic journals
Bimonthly journals
Academic journals established in 1967