omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
400 kV Thames Crossing. The 400 kV Thames Crossing is an overhead power line crossing of the River Thames, between  Botany Marshes in Swanscombe, Kent, and West Thurrock, Essex, England. Its towers are the tallest electricity pylons in the UK.

The present crossing was built in 1965, and comprises two 190-metre (623 feet) tall lattice towers each side of the Thames. Some suggest that the choice of this height was deliberate, being just taller than the BT Tower in London. The span is , the minimum height of the conductors over the river is 76 metres (249 feet). Each tower has three crossarms and carries two circuits of 400 kV three-phase AC.

400 kV power lines also cross the Thames at the Thames Cable Tunnel, the Dartford Cable Tunnel, and the London Power Tunnels.

132 kV Thames Crossing
There was at one time an earlier 132 kV crossing nearby, with towers 148.4 metres tall. Linking Dagenham and Crossness, it was built between 1927 and 1932 and was part of the Belvedere-Crowlands 132/33/25 kV double circuit. With the cessation of generation at Belvedere Power Station, this line was dismantled in 1987.

2006 death
In March 2006, Paul Smith-Crallan attempted to BASE jump from a platform on the Swanscombe Tower. The parachute he was using is believed to have failed to open, causing him to plunge to his death. This tower is a popular base jumping location because of two platforms that provide good launch points.

Gallery

See also
 Aust Severn Powerline Crossing
 275 kV Forth Crossing
 List of spans
 Powerline river crossings in the United Kingdom
 Crossings of the River Thames

References

External links

Towers in Kent
Powerline river crossings
Electric power infrastructure in England
Electric power transmission in the United Kingdom
1965 establishments in England
Energy infrastructure completed in 1965
ASRAD-HELLAS. ASRAD Hellas is an advanced short range air defense system developed by Rheinmetall. The Greek army has acquired 54 vehicle-mounted STINGER ASRAD Hellas (German design). The ASRAD Hellas is configured to enable reliable target detection, identification, and engagement during day or night under all possible conditions of visibility and weather. Due to its modularity and flexibility, the ASRAD Hellas fire unit embodies significant growth potential, permitting it to operate with passive and active surveillance sensors such as infrared search and track devices, and external surveillance 2D or 3D radars. The system is operated by a two-man team, composed of a weapons operator and a driver.

Advantages
Advantages of the system include:
Fast deployment (less than five minutes after unloading, e.g. from a helicopter)
Fast reaction (no more than 10 seconds)
Reliable multi-target capability
High operational availability
Automatic system operation mode (limitation of human errors)
Ease of operation, training and maintenance
Automatic system test (built-in test equipment/BITE)
Stationary defense (fixed assets, area defense, remote control mode)
Mobile defense (convoys, task forces, maneuvering elements)
Cooperative logistics among user nations
Large growth potential due to the modular system concept

Additional information
For integrated system operations during national and international missions, the ASRAD Hellas can be equipped with additional C3I interface software for network-enabled operations and links to upper echelon allied operation centers.
The system can be deployed in either stationary or mobile mode. Limitations of the STINGER missile with respect to pitch and roll acceleration on the move have had to be taken into account. During stationary operation the control and display unit (CDU) can be separated from the vehicle and connected to the system by a cable for remote operation. The maximum distance for remote control is 100 metres. Germany and Finland use similar systems.

References

See also
 LeFlaSys Ozelot, variant for the German army
ASRAD-R, variant for the Finnish army

External links
Rheinmetall ASRAD-HELLAS press release
LeFlaSys (ASRAD) Light Mechanised Short-Range Air Defense System

Guided missiles of Greece
21st-century surface-to-air missiles
Post–Cold War weapons of Greece
Rheinmetall
Spirit of America. Spirit of America may refer to:

Transport
Spirit of America (automobile), land speed record-setting vehicles
Spirit of America, a book of photography by Ken Duncan
Spirit of America, the first B-2 Spirit bomber
Spirit of America, one of the Goodyear Blimps
Spirit of America (cruise ship), a cruise ship owned and operated by Cruise West
Spirit of America, a trimaran designed by Lock Crowther
"The Spirit of America", a Massachusetts license plate slogan, initially a tourism jingle during the 1980s

Music and film 
The Spirit of America, a 1963 documentary film
Spirit of America (The Beach Boys album), a 1975 compilation album
Spirit of America (Mormon Tabernacle Choir album), a recording by the Mormon Tabernacle Choir
"Spirit of America" (song), a 1963 song by The Beach Boys from their album Little Deuce Coupe

Other uses
Spirit of America (charity), a military non-profit based in the United States
Spirit of America Festival Point Mallard Park, Decatur, Alabama
a Goodyear GZ-20 blimp
the slogan of the U.S. commonwealth of Massachusetts

See also
 Country Music: The Spirit of America, a 2003 documentary film
Alejandro Melchor. Alejandro Salmero Melchor Sr. (August 9, 1900 – September 5, 1947) was a Filipino civil engineer, mathematician, educator and member of the Cabinet of the Philippines. A native of Ibajay, Aklan, Melchor was also known for his work on pontoon bridges during the Second World War.

The historic Melchor Hall in the University of the Philippines Diliman campus is named after him. The hall houses most of the units of the UP College of Engineering. A building in the Philippine Military Academy was also named in his honor.

Education

In 1924, Melchor graduated in civil engineering with the highest honors from the University of the Philippines. By then, the College of Engineering was barely fifteen years old and was still located in the Manila campus.

Career

During the term of Edward R. Hyde as dean of the UP College of Engineering (from 1926 to 1940), Alejandro Melchor served as the College Secretary. Prior to this position, Melchor was a regular member of the engineering faculty. Considered a brilliant mathematician in his time, Melchor also became the head of the mathematics department of the Philippine Military Academy.

Melchor was known for designing the pontoon bridges used by the U.S. Army during the Second World War. According to , Melchor's work "contributed significantly in winning the war for the Allied Forces". Melchor also attained the rank of colonel.

Melchor served in the war cabinet of President Sergio Osmeña as military adviser. This was during the Second World War, when the Philippine government was in exile.

He died on September 5, 1947.

References
UP COE History. Retrieved on October 30, 2006.

People from Aklan
Academic staff of the University of the Philippines
1900 births
1947 deaths
University of the Philippines Manila alumni
Advisers to the president of the Philippines
Osmeña administration cabinet members
20th-century Filipino engineers
Electronics Illustrated. Electronics Illustrated was an American magazine started in May 1958 by Fawcett Publications, the publishers of Mechanix Illustrated. The magazine was published monthly from 1959 to 1961 then bi-monthly until November 1972. Charles Tepfer was the first editor and Robert Beason was the editor for rest of the magazine's run (1961 -1972). The headquarters was in Greenwich, Connecticut.

Ziff-Davis success with Popular Electronics magazine showed there was a market for electronics hobbyist magazines and the launch of the Sputnik satellite in 1957 had increased the public's interest in science and technology. Electronics Illustrated (EI) was targeted for this hobbyist and do-it-yourself audience.

The cover of the second issue had a  rocket built in a basement workshop. To promote amateur rocketry the U.S. Army began a series titled "Build a Safe Model Missile." Model rockets appeared on the covers and in articles for several years. The space race between the United States and the Soviet Union led many hobbyists into amateur rocketry. In the late 1960s Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems (MITS) was formed to sell instrumentation to rocket hobbyist. They were unsuccessful at that venture but later created the Altair 8800 computer kit that sparked the home computer revolution.

The construction projects in Electronics Illustrated were assembled and checked by the editors. The articles had numerous photos and always included a wiring diagram in addition to the schematic. The projects were not as complex as those in other magazines but they appealed to the beginner. The magazine also had introductory theory articles in every issue.

Radio was another focus of the magazine with many articles on Citizens Band (CB), Amateur Radio and Short Wave Listening (SWL)

Robert Hertzberg began an amateur radio column, The Ham Shack, in April 1961. Hertzberg got his license in 1919 and had been writing about amateur radio ever since. The column was taken over by Wayne Greene, the publisher of  73 magazine, as early as 1970.

In the final years of magazine, Tom Kneitel wrote a column in Electronics Illustrated that was similar to Tom McCahill column in Mechanix Illustrated.

References

See also
 Popular magazines
 Popular Mechanics
 Popular Science
 Popular Electronics
 Poptronics
 Electronics Now
 Radio-Electronics

1958 establishments in Connecticut
1972 disestablishments in Connecticut
Bimonthly magazines published in the United States
Amateur radio magazines
Defunct hobby magazines published in the United States
Magazines established in 1958
Magazines disestablished in 1972
Science and technology magazines published in the United States
Magazines published in Connecticut
Hobby electronics magazines
Fawcett Publications
Greenwich, Connecticut
Settlement (structural). Settlement is the downward movement or the sinking of a structure's foundation. It is mostly caused by changes in the underlying soil, such as drying and shrinking, wetting and softening, or compression due to the soil being poorly compacted when construction started.
Some settlement is quite normal after construction has been completed.

Unequal settlement or differential settlement is non-uniform settlement. It may cause significant problems for buildings. Distortion or disruption of parts of a building may occur due to
 unequal compression of its foundations;
 shrinkage, such as that which occurs in timber-framed buildings as the frame adjusts its moisture content; or
 undue loads being applied to the building after its initial construction.

Settlement should not be confused with subsidence which results from the load-bearing ground upon which a building sits reducing in level, for instance in areas of mine workings where shafts collapse underground.

Traditional green oak-framed buildings are designed to settle with time as the oak seasons and warps, lime mortar rather than Portland cement is used for its elastic properties and glazing will often employ small leaded lights which can accept movement more readily than larger panes.

Measurement of settlements 
The magnitude of settlements can be measured using different techniques such as:
 Surveying
 Settlement cells
 Tiltmeters
 Borehole extensometers
 Full-profile gauge
 Settlement platforms

See also
 Soil consolidation

References

Building defects
Foundations (buildings and structures)
Structural engineering
Harpoon reaction. A harpoon reaction is a type of chemical reaction, first proposed by Michael Polanyi in 1920, whose mechanism (also called the harpooning mechanism) involves two neutral reactants undergoing an electron transfer over a relatively long distance to form ions that then attract each other closer together. For example, a metal atom and a halogen might react to form a cation and anion, respectively, leading to a combined metal halide.

The main feature of these redox reactions is that, unlike most reactions, they have steric factors greater than unity; that is, they take place faster than predicted by collision theory. This is explained by the fact that the colliding particles have greater cross sections than the pure geometrical ones calculated from their radii, because when the particles are close enough, an electron "jumps" (therefore the name) from one of the particles to the other one, forming an anion and a cation which subsequently attract each other. Harpoon reactions usually take place in the gas phase, but they are also possible in condensed media.

The predicted rate constant can be improved by using a better estimation of the steric factor. A rough approximation is that the largest separation Rx at which charge transfer can take place on energetic grounds, can be estimated from the solution of the following equation that determines the largest distance at which the Coulombic attraction between the two oppositely charged ions is sufficient to provide the energy .

With , where  is the ionization potential of the metal and  is the electron affinity of the halogen.

Examples of harpoon reactions
 Generically: Rg + X2 + hν → RgX + X, where Rg is a rare gas and X is a halogen
 Ba...FCH3 + hν → BaF(*) + CH3
K + CH3I → KI + CH3

References

Chemical kinetics
Chemical reactions
Reaction mechanisms
Benjamin Franklin Bailey. Benjamin Franklin Bailey (August 7, 1875 – after January 8, 1954) was an American electrical engineer.

A native of Sheridan, Michigan, Benjamin Franklin Bailey studied electrical engineering at the University of Michigan and later held the positions of chief engineer of the Fairbanks Morse Electrical Manufacturing Company and Howell Electrical Motor Company, director of Bailey Electrical Company, and vice-president and director of the Fremont Motor Corporation.

He was the author of several books on electrical engineering, including Principles of Dynamo-electric Machinery (1915).

He became professor of electrical engineering at the University of Michigan in 1913 and was department chairman from 1922 until his retirement in 1944. In the 1920s, he invented the capacitor motor.

References

External links
 University of Michigan—History of EECS

American electrical engineers
American science writers
University of Michigan College of Engineering alumni
University of Michigan faculty
People from Montcalm County, Michigan
1875 births
20th-century deaths
Omni wheel. Omni wheels or poly wheels, similar to Mecanum wheels, are wheels with small discs (called rollers) around the circumference which are perpendicular to the turning direction. The effect is that the wheel can be driven with full force, but will also slide laterally with great ease. These wheels are often employed in holonomic drive systems.

A platform employing three omni wheels in a triangular configuration is generally called Kiwi Drive.  The Killough platform is similar; so named after Stephen Killough's work with omnidirectional platforms at Oak Ridge National Laboratory.  Killough's 1994 design used pairs of wheels mounted in cages at right angles to each other and thereby achieved holonomic movement without using true omni wheels.

They are often used in intelligent robot research for small autonomous robots.  In projects such as VEX Robotics, Robocup and FIRST Robotics, many robots use these wheels to have the ability to move in all directions.  Omni wheels are also sometimes employed as powered casters for differential drive robots to make turning faster.  Omniwheels are often used to allow for movement on the horizontal axis on a drivetrain, as well as forward and backward movement. Usually, this is achieved by using an H-drive.

Omniwheels combined with conventional wheels provide unique performance properties, such as on a six-wheeled vehicle employing two conventional wheels on a center axle and four omniwheels on front and rear axles.

History
The wheel was first patented in 1919 by J. Grabowiecki.

A variant of the wheel was patented by Josef F. Blumrich in 1972.

. Blumrich claimed that the design is described in the Book of Ezekiel as a component of a spacecraft created by extraterrestrial life, which is why the wheel is sometimes jokingly called the "Ezekiel wheel". The Spaceships of Ezekiel describes his process for the "discovery" and recreation of the Omni wheel as well as a traveling craft and its docking station.

A recent invention is the so-called Liddiard Wheel, which claims to be a superior omnidirectional wheel.

Applications

See also 
 Ball transfer unit
 Mecanum wheel

References

External links 

 PPRK - A commercial holonomic drive system developed by Carnegie Mellon University utilizing poly wheels.
 Airtrax - commercial vehicles using mecanum wheels with poly wheels.

Wheels
Buchanan (car). N H Buchanan Motor Co Pty Ltd was an Australian kit car manufacturer. It made sports cars in the 1950s.

The original body produced by Buchanan was a fibreglass item based on an Aston Martin DB3-S racing car.  Buchanan borrowed a DB3-S and pulled moulds from it while it was in Australia.  The styling was altered by filling in the scallops either side of the bonnet and reshaping the grille opening to be oval.  Because the target market was for rebodying of early model MGs, the Buchanan moulds were cut and extended between the door openings and the rear wheelarches, adding several centimetres to the body length.

Racing car kits were also produced, consisting of this type of body plus a fabricated X-frame racing chassis manufactured from steel channel sections welded face to face to form box sections.  The chassis used mechanicals from a Holden FJ, with the front suspension crossmember and rear axle assembly being shortened to suit the narrower body.

The Buchanan Cobra was introduced in 1958 as a production vehicle based on Standard 10 mechanicals.  Only 7 were manufactured.

Buchanan car list
Buchanan Cobra number 1 was known to be sitting in an industrial shed in Warners Bay awaiting restoration as at November 2006.

Buchanan Cobra number 3 is a complete running car and is raced through the Victorian Racing Register on a regular basis in Victoria as of May 2007.  Attached is a current photograph of Cobra no.3 being raced at Sandown in November 2013.  car is owned and driven by Paul Schilling a member of the Victorian Racing Register and residing at Healesville in Victoria. Cobra number 3 has recently undergone a facelift, an engine rebuild, a paint job, electrical sorting and has appeared at Phillip Island, Sandown, Briant Park and Rob Roy hillclimbs and 2014 could be a big year for this cobra..

"Wally Mitchell's" MGY-based Holden-powered Buchanan is currently undergoing a full ground up restoration by current owners Mathew Liersch and Clark Watson with an estimated completion date set for 2011.

References

External links

 The Buchanan Register

Car manufacturers of Australia
Kit car manufacturers
Marathwada Institute of Technology. Marathwada Institute of Technology (MIT), is a private engineering college located in Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India. It is one of the technical institutes of Gramodyogik Shikshan Mandal (GSM).

History
The parent trust, Gramaudyogik Shikshan Mandal (GSM), was established in 1975.

Academics 
MIT provides both undergraduate, postgraduate and doctorate programs for Indian and International students. Admission to the undergraduate courses is through the Maharashtra-Common Entrance Test for state-allocated seats (65%) and through the Joint Entrance Examination (JEE) for all-India seats.

The college is affiliated to Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University (BATU). The engineering courses are approved by the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) and the architecture courses are approved by the Council of Architecture (COA). The institute is National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) accredited, with a grade of B+.

Ranking
Marathwada Institute of Technology was ranked 98 in Outlook India "Top 100 Engineering Colleges in 2018".

Organization and administration 

At the institutional level, MIT is governed by a board of governors headed by a president and a director general. The board includes nominees from the GSM trust and members having specialized knowledge or practical experience in education, engineering or science.

For all academic matters, the academic advisory body is the authority having control and responsibility for the maintenance of standards of education and consists of reputed technologists or industrialists from the field of science and engineering.

The key people in the day-to-day operation of the institute are the principal and vice principal, assisted by heads of departments and a student council. The administration is managed by the registrar and administrative office

Campus
The foundation stone of MIT building was laid by Late Anandraoji Deshmukh in 1975. The Central library is spread over 1500 sq.metres area. There are separate Hostels for boys and girls. There are also sports facilities like a spacious playground for games and recreation.

References

External links 
 

Engineering colleges in Maharashtra
Education in Aurangabad, Maharashtra
Universities and colleges established in 1975
1975 establishments in Maharashtra
SR Merchant Navy Class 35028 Clan Line. SR Merchant Navy Class 35028 Clan Line is a Southern Railway rebuilt Merchant Navy 4-6-2 class locomotive.

History

British Railways
35028 was built at Eastleigh Works in 1948. After a few weeks running in, it was allocated first to Dover and then to Stewarts Lane shed in London, from where it worked heavy trains on the trunk routes to the South East Channel ports, frequently working the prestige expresses, Golden Arrow and the Night Ferry. After rebuilding in 1959, it was initially allocated to Nine Elms shed, from where it headed such trains as the Bournemouth Belle and the Atlantic Coast Express. While working the latter in 1961, it was unofficially timed at  passing Axminster. On 2 July 1967, Clan Line hauled a farewell special from London Waterloo to Bournemouth and back and thus ended its British Railways career.

Preservation

One month after finishing the farewell special, Clan Line was bought by the Merchant Navy Locomotive Preservation Society from British Railways for £3,850. The group had wanted 35022 Holland America Line, but it was sent to Woodham Brothers scrapyard in South Wales, before they could purchase it, so the group purchased Clan Line instead. Clan Line was one of the first preserved locomotives to participate in steam specials, and in 1974 hauled its first revenue-earning train in preservation from Basingstoke to Westbury. Its sister engine 35022 Holland American Line was eventually rescued from Barry Scrapyard in 1986.

In the 1990s, 35028 Clan Line was chosen as the locomotive to haul the Belmond British Pullman using preserved Pullman carriages, with tours around Kent, Surrey, Oxford, Bath and Bristol. In September 1994, it was the first steam locomotive in the United Kingdom to be fitted with air brakes. In the early 2000s, when the locomotive went for overhaul, LNER Class A3 4472 Flying Scotsman took over those trains.

As of January 2024, Clan Line is based at Stewarts Lane TMD, Battersea. It returned to mainline operation in October 2006, when it resumed British Pullman duties and hauling the occasional enthusiast specials, although in 2012, the locomotive was used on a number of Cathedrals Express trips, filling in for locomotives that were not available for the tours.

35028 Clan Line was the first Merchant Navy class locomotive to operate on the mainline in preservation.

On 7 December 2018, Clan Line hauled the British Royal Train, taking the Prince of Wales to Cardiff Central railway station.

References

External links

 Merchant Navy Locomotive Preservation Society web site

Individual locomotives of Great Britain
Merchant Navy 35028
Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain
Railway locomotives introduced in 1948
4-6-2 locomotives