omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Chromium(III) sulfate. Chromium(III) sulfate usually refers to the inorganic compounds with the formula Cr2(SO4)3.x(H2O), where x can range from 0 to 18. Additionally, ill-defined but commercially important "basic chromium sulfates" are known. These salts are usually either violet or green solids that are soluble in water. It is commonly used in tanning leather.

Chromium(III) sulfates
Three chromium(III) sulfates are well characterized:
Anhydrous chromium(III) sulfate, Cr2(SO4)3, (CAS #10101-53-8) is a violet solid that dissolves in water upon addition of a reducing agent.
Hydrated chromium(III) sulfate, Cr2(SO4)3·18H2O, (CAS #13520-66-6) is a violet solid that readily dissolves in water to give the metal aquo complex, [Cr(H2O)6]3+. The formula of this compound can be written more descriptively as [Cr(H2O)6]2(SO4)3·6H2O. Six of the eighteen water molecules in this formula unit are water of crystallization.
Hydrated chromium(III) sulfate, Cr2(SO4)3·15(H2O), (CAS #10031-37-5) is a green solid that also readily dissolves in water. It is obtained by heating the 18-hydrate material above 70 °C. Further heating yields the anhydrous sulfate.

A variety of other chromium(III) sulfates are known, but also contain hydroxide or oxide ligands. Most important commercially is basic chromium sulfate, which is thought to be [Cr2(H2O)6(OH)4]SO4 (CAS#39380-78-4).  It results from the partial neutralization of the hexahydrates. Other chromium(III) hydroxides have been reported.

Production
Chromium(III) sulfate are commonly obtained from the wastes of chromate oxidations of various organic compounds. Anthraquinone and quinone are produced on large scale by the x treatment of respectively anthracene and phenol with chromic acid. A chromium(III) oxide byproduct is generated, which is readily extracted into sulfuric acid. Evaporation of these acidic solutions affords salts if hydrate chromium(III) sulfate. Extraction of chromite ore with sulfuric acid in the presence of some chromate gives solutions of chromium(III) sulfate contaminated with other metal ions. Similarly, dissolution of chrome alloys gives chromium(III) sulfate together with ferrous sulfate.

Basic chromium(III) sulfate
Basic chromium sulfate is produced from chromate salts by reduction with sulfur dioxide, although other methods exist. The reduction could formally be written:

Since 33% of the anion charges are due to hydroxy ions the basicity is 33% (but in tanning jargon it is known as 33% reduced). Products with higher basicities, e.g. 42% or 50% may be obtained by the addition of sodium carbonate, these are often used in combination with sodium formate. The sodium sulfate is often left in the technical product since it is inert with respect to the tanning process.

Natural occurrence
Three complex minerals that are in part Cr(III) sulfates: bentorite, reddingtonite, and putnisite.

References

Chromium(III) compounds
Sulfates
Tanning (leather)
IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing. The IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the IEEE. It covers research on semiconductor device fabrication, including simulation and modeling from the factory to the detailed process level, defect control, yield analysis and optimization, production planning and scheduling, environmental issues in semiconductor manufacturing, and manufacturability improvement. The editor-in-chief is Reha Uzsoy (North Carolina State University). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 2.874.

The journal is a joint publication of the IEEE Solid-State Circuits Society, IEEE Components, Packaging & Manufacturing Technology Society, IEEE Electron Devices Society, and the IEEE Reliability Society.

References

External links

Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing
Semiconductor journals
Quarterly journals
Academic journals established in 1988
English-language journals
Sensors (journal). Sensors is a monthly peer-reviewed, open access, scientific journal that is published by MDPI. It was established in June 2001. The editors-in-chief are Vittorio M.N. Passaro, Assefa M. Melesse, Alexander Star, Eduard Llobet, Guillermo Villanueva and Davide Brunelli. Sensors covers research on all aspects of sensors and biosensors. The journal publishes original research articles, short notes, review articles, book reviews, product reviews, and announcements related to academia.

Abstracts and indices  
The following databases offer indexing and abstracting services:

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 3.576.

References

External links  

 

Engineering journals
Open access journals
Academic journals established in 2001
MDPI academic journals
Biweekly journals
English-language journals
Physics journals
Odfjell Drilling. Odfjell Drilling Ltd. is an oil drilling, well service, and engineering company.

Current operations
The company has 3 divisions:
 Mobile Offshore Drilling - Owns 6 drillships and operates in Norway, United Kingdom, Angola, Vietnam, and Brazil. 
 Drilling & Technology - provides platform drilling, project management and engineering services from offices in Bergen, Stavanger, and Aberdeen.
 Well Services - provides casing and tubing running services (TRS), drill tool rental, and well intervention services to the onshore and offshore oil and gas industry.

History
The company was established in 1973 as an affiliate of Odfjell. In 1974, the first rigs were delivered from Aker ASA, and started service for ELF and Saga Petroleum. The first production drilling contract was awarded by Statoil on the Statfjord oil field in 1979. In 1984, the company expanded to the United Kingdom with a semi-submersible rig for Hamilton Brothers Oil & Gas. In 1989 the company opened an office in Singapore. In 1995, the company decided to concentrate on the North Sea.

In 2013, the company became a public company via an initial public offering on the Oslo Stock Exchange.

In 2017, the company sold its 37% interest in Robotic Drilling Systems, which it acquired in 2014.

In 2018, the company announced plans to expand its rig count from 4 to 6 to 10.

In 2018, the company acquired a drilling rig from Samsung.

See also 

 List of oilfield service companies

References

External links
 

Drilling rig operators
Engineering companies of Norway
Service companies of Norway
Offshore engineering
Petroleum industry in Norway
Companies based in Bergen
Technology companies established in 1973
Companies listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange
Norwegian companies established in 1973
Rotax 582. The Rotax 582 is a  two-stroke, two-cylinder, rotary intake valve, oil-in-fuel or oil injection pump, liquid-cooled, gear reduction-drive aircraft engine manufactured by BRP-Rotax GmbH & Co. KG. It is for use in non-certified aircraft operating in day visual flight rules.

Production of the engine ended at the end of 2021.

Development
The Rotax 582 is based upon the earlier Rotax 532 engine design and was designed for ultralight aircraft. The 582 increased the bore from the 532 engine's . This increased the displacement from  to , an increase of 11%. The increased displacement had the effect of flattening out the 532's torque curve and allowed the 582 to produce useful power over a wider rpm range. Reliability over the 532 was also improved.

The 582 features liquid-cooled cylinder heads and cylinders with a rotary intake valve. Cooling is via an externally mounted radiator. Lubrication is either by use of pre-mixed fuel and oil or oil injection from an externally mounted oil tank. The 582 has dual independent breakerless, magneto capacitor discharge ignition (CDI) systems and is equipped with two piston-type carburetors. It uses a manifold-driven pneumatic fuel pump to provide fuel pressure. An optional High Altitude Compensation kit is available.

Early in the engine's production the propeller drive was via a Rotax type B gearbox, which offered gear ratios of 2.0:1, 2.238:1, and most common 2.58:1. Later in production type C or E gearboxes were offered with gear ratios of 2.62:1, 3.0:1, 3.47:1, and 4.0:1. (The type E gearbox includes an integrated electric starter motor.) The standard engine includes a wide band expansion chamber exhaust system with an extra after-muffler as optional. The standard starter is a recoil start type, with an electric starter optional. An integral alternating current generator producing 170 watts at 12 volts with external rectifier-regulator is optional. The engine includes an intake air filter and can be fitted with an optional intake silencer system.

By July 2021, more than 30,000 engines had been sold.

In July 2021, the manufacturer announced that the engine's production run will end by the end of the year, although the engine will still be sold until stocks are depleted.

Limitations
Rotax recommends teardown and inspection every 150 hours, and overhaul every 300 hours.

The manufacturer acknowledges the design limitations of this engine, warning pilots:

Applications

Specifications (Rotax 582)

See also
Rotax aircraft engines
Arrow 500
Hirth 3202

References

External links

Company website

Two-stroke aircraft piston engines
Rotax engines
CEA 2030. CEA 2030 Multi-Room Audio Cabling Standard defines cabling and connectors for use in distributing analog and digital audio signals throughout a home. It is developed by the R3 Audio Systems Committee of the Consumer Electronics Association or CEA.

Scope of the standard 

The Electronic Industries Alliance or EIA now known as the Consumer Electronics Association or CEA standard ANSI/CEA-2030 as of the 3/30/2005 Publication date defines;

 Wire topologies
 Wire Gauge in American Wire Gauge or AWG
 twisted pair designation
 wire routing and control locations

See also 

 Consumer Electronics Association

References 

 https://web.archive.org/web/20071109001348/http://www.ce.org/Standards/StandardDetails.aspx?Id=2039&number=CEA-2030

Standards
Electronics
Raúl Rojas. Raúl Rojas González (born 1955, in Mexico City) is a Mexican emeritus professor of Computer Science and Mathematics at the Free University of Berlin, and a renowned specialist in artificial neural networks. The FU-Fighters, football-playing robots he helped build, were world champions in 2004 and 2005. He is now leading an autonomous car project called Spirit of Berlin.

He and his team were awarded the Wolfgang von Kempelen Prize for his work on Konrad Zuse and the history of computers. Although most of his current research and teaching revolves around artificial intelligence and its applications, he holds academic degrees in mathematics and economics. 

In 2009 the Mexican government created the Raúl Rojas González Prize for scientific achievement by Mexican citizens. The first recipient of the prize was Luis Rafael Herrera Estrella, for contributions to plant biotechnology.

He ran for president at the Free University of Berlin in 2010.

History
Rojas was born on June 25, 1955, in Mexico City to an engineer and a teacher. He attended university at the National Polytechnic Institute in Mexico City, where he majored in Mathematics and Physics. He moved to Germany in 1982 as a doctoral student in economics under the guidance of the political economist Elmar Altvater. The resulting dissertation was published under the title "Die Armut der Nationen – Handbuch zur Schuldenkrise von Argentinien bis Zaire" (The poverty of nations – Handbook of debt crisis from Argentina to Zaire). He became a full professor at University of Halle-Wittenberg in 1994, and later moved to the Free University of Berlin, where he remains today in the Informatics department. His wife, Margarita Esponda Argüero, is a professor in the same department.

Prizes
2001: Gründerpreis Multimedia of the German Ministry of Finance and Technology 
2002: European Academic Software Award
2004 and 2005: World champions in football robots with the FU-Fighters
2005: Wolfgang von Kempelen Prize for the History of Informatics
2009: Received the Heberto Castillo gold medal for contributions to science from the Mexico City government
2015: Was named Professor of the year by the Association of German Universities 
2015: Received the National Prize of Sciences and Arts by the Mexican Government in the category of Technology and Design

Works
  Available as a free e-book

References

External links
Homepage of Raúl Rojas at the Free University of Berlin
Curriculum vitae of Raúl Rojas
FU-Fighters football robots
Autonomous car project

1955 births
Living people
National Autonomous University of Mexico alumni
Instituto Politécnico Nacional alumni
Scientists from Mexico City
Mexican scientists
Academic staff of the Free University of Berlin
ASC (dinghy). The ASC or Admiralty Sailing Craft (sometimes incorrectly called Admiralty Sea Cadet) is a purpose-built, rugged GRP or wood sailing dinghy, historically with gunter rig, with a Bermuda rig optional, designed for use by UK naval and sea cadet establishments as a pulling or sailing dinghy.

It is a substantial craft, usually left on a mooring in quiet waters rather than being slipway launched.  It is intended for a total crew of up to 8 although it can be sculled single-handed.

It has a heavy metal centreplate, and is equipped for pulling in addition to sailing.  There is also a sculling notch on the transom.

This type of boat is gradually being phased out of the Sea Cadets due to the production of the new Trinity 500 rowing boats.
As of 2012, ASCs are no longer in use on cadet courses, and have been completely replaced by trinity 500s

Notes

Dinghies
Coomber's relationship. Coomber's relationship can be used to describe how the internal pressure and dielectric constant of a non-polar liquid are related.

As , which defines the internal pressure of a liquid, it can be found that:

where
 is equal to the number of molecules
 is the ionization potential of the liquid
 is a temperature dependent relation based on numerical constants of the pair summation from inter-particle geometry
 is the polarizability
 is the volume of the liquid
where for most non-polar liquids

References
 Meeten, G.H., "Theoretical Basis for Coomber's Relationship", Nature Vol. 223, August 23, 1969

Physical chemistry
Deepsea. Deepsea, deep-sea, or deep sea may refer to:

 the deep sea, the lowest layer of the ocean
 Deepsea ASA, a subsidiary of Odfjell Drilling
 Deep Sea 3D, an IMAX film

See also
 Deep-Sea Trench
 Deep-sea exploration
 Deepsea mining
 Deep-sea submersible
 Deepsea Challenger
James Boyd. James or Jim Boyd may refer to:

Academia
 James Boyd (schoolmaster) (1795–1856), Scottish schoolmaster and author
 James E. Boyd (scientist) (1906–1998), American scientist and academician; director of the Georgia Tech Research Institute
 James Dixon Boyd (1907–1968), Irish-American professor of anatomy
 James I. C. Boyd (1921–2009), British author and narrow gauge railway historian
 James Boyd (engineer) (1904–1987), American mining engineer and educator

Arts and entertainment
 James Boyd (novelist) (1888–1944), American novelist
 Jim Boyd (actor) (1933–2013), American actor who appeared on the 1971 iteration of The Electric Company
 Jimmy Boyd (1939–2009), American singer
 Jim Boyd (newscaster) (born 1942), American news anchor and reporter
 Jim Boyd (musician) (1956–2016), American musician from the Colville Indian Reservation

Politics and law
 James H. Boyd (mayor) (1809–1877), American politician, mayor of Jackson, Mississippi
 James P. Boyd (1826–1890), Canadian businessman and political figure
 James E. Boyd (politician) (1834–1906), American politician, governor of Nebraska
 James Edmund Boyd (1845–1935), U.S. federal judge
 James Boyd (Australian politician) (1867–1941), member of the Australian House of Representatives
 James H. Boyd (Atlantic City politician) (1906–1974), Atlantic City politician and crime and political boss
 Jimmy Boyd (Louisiana politician) (fl. 1944–1952), member of the Louisiana House of Representatives
 Jim Boyd (politician) (born 1956), American politician in the Florida Senate

Sports
 James Boyd (sportsman) (1891–1930), Scottish cricketer, rugby union international and Royal Navy officer
 Jimmy Boyd (footballer) (1907–1991), Scottish footballer
 Jimmy Boyd (baseball) (1918–1965), American Negro league baseball player
 Jim Boyd (boxer) (1930–1997), American boxer
 Jim Boyd (ice hockey) (born 1949), Canadian ice hockey player
 Jim Boyd (racing driver), New Zealand racing driver in the 1967 Tasman Series
 James Boyd (American football) (born 1977), American football player

Others
 James Boyd, 2nd Lord Boyd (c. 1469–1484), Scottish peer
 James Boyd, 9th Lord Boyd (died 1654), Scottish noble
 James William Boyd (1822–?), American military officer; supposed double of John Wilkes Booth
 James Harbottle Boyd (1858–1915), Hawaiian colonel
 James Boyd of Trochrig (c. 1530–1581), Scottish clergyman
 James Matthew Boyd (1975–2014), American man fatally shot by police in James Boyd shooting

Other uses
 James H. Boyd Intermediate School, primary school in Huntington, New York
Eltek. Eltek is a global electric power conversion specialist that develops and markets systems for telecommunications and industrial applications. The company is based in Drammen, Norway. As of 2018 it has approximately 2000 employees, with offices in 40 countries.

History
ELTEK is a Norwegian-based company that specializes in designing, manufacturing, and distributing power supplies for various industrial and commercial applications. Founded in 1971, the company initially focused on manufacturing electronic equipment for the military, but later expanded its product line to include power supplies for various applications. In the 1990s, ELTEK shifted its focus to the rapidly growing telecommunications industry and found great success. Today, the company operates in over 100 countries and serves customers in a variety of industries, including telecom, data center, power utilities, and transportation. 

In 1998,The company was listed was listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange. under the name Eltek ASA. In 2007 the company bought the Texas-based Valere Power.

In 2015, Eltek ASA was acquired by Delta Electronics, was delisted from the Oslo Stock Exchange, and changed its name to Eltek Power Systems AS. It is now simply known as Eltek, and continues as a division of Delta Group.

References

Engineering companies of Norway
Companies based in Drammen
Electronics companies established in 1970
Companies formerly listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange
2015 mergers and acquisitions
1970 establishments in Norway
Endrov. Endrov is an open-source plugin architecture aimed for image analysis and data processing. Being based on Java, it is portable and can both be run locally and as an applet. It grew out of the need for an advanced open source software that can cope with complex spatio-temporal image data, mainly obtained from microscopes in biological research. It lends much of the philosophy from ImageJ but aims to supersede it by having a more modern design.

Endrov grew out of the needs of a software to map the embryogenesis of C.elegans.

The lead developer, Johan Henriksson, is a Ph.D. student at Karolinska Institute.

Specifications
Endrov is both a library and an imaging program. The design has made strong emphasis on separating GUI code from data types, filters and other data processing plugins. The idea is that the program can be used for most daily use or prototyping, and for bigger batch processing or integration, the code is invoked as a library.

As a program, Endrov can do what you expect from normal image processing software. It is meant to be hackable; integrating new editing tools, windows and data types is meant to be simple. The main features that set it apart from other imaging software is that it can handle additional dimensions (XYZ, time, channel) which is needed for more serious microscopy. Filters can also be used without being directly applied, and can be composed into filter sequences. Data (for example derived from analysis) is stored together with the images.

The native image format is OST but most common formats are supported.

Comparison with ImageJ
ImageJ is older and hence it is more mature and has more plugins. This limits how much of ImageJ can be changed without breaking backwards-compatibility, which has caused design flaws to accumulate over time. Endrov sacrifices all backwards-compatibility for a clean design. While ImageJ consists of a core and rather independent plugins, Endrov has few core functions and plenty of plugin-plugin dependencies. The goal is to tighten the integration and increase encapsulation, thus reduce code redundancy and ease maintenance. As an example, the GUI is separate from most algorithm plugins; algorithms merely provide descriptions of input and output.

See also
Microscope image processing
Image processing
List of free and open-source software packages

References

External links 
Endrov official website

Data and information visualization software
Steve Running. Steven W. Running (born 1950) is an American scientist and academic. He is an emeritus regents professor of ecology at W.A. Franke College of Forestry & Conservation at the University of Montana, as well as director of the Numerical Terradynamics Simulation Group. He also developed the earth observing-oriented algorithms used by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on board NASA’s satellites Terra and Aqua. Running's MOD17 algorithms are used to provide accurate and continuous global monitoring of the terrestrial biosphere, specifically generating near-real-time data sets for repeated monitoring of vegetation primary production on vegetated land at 1-km resolution at 8-day intervals. These datasets are unique in that they provide global data on primary productivity and span a decade.

A recognized expert in global ecosystem monitoring, Running was invited to serve on the board of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). In 2007, the IPCC was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize "for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change". Running made the following statement about winning the prize: "We've got to get past all the petty bickering and get to work. This is about a big transition for society over the next 50 years. The path we are on is unsustainable. What the Nobel committee is saying is that we've got to wake up. We've got to change the course of the whole world."

Running is co-author of the 2007 book Forest Ecosystems and has published over 300 scientific papers.

In 2012, Running suggested a tenth planetary boundary, the annual net global primary production of all terrestrial plants, as an easily determinable measure integrating many variables that will give "a clear signal about the health of ecosystems".

References

External links
 Dr. Steve Running: 5 Stages of Climate Grief University of Montana Lecture

Living people
1950 births
American scientists