omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Green Hills Engineering College. Green Hills Engineering College is an engineering college situated in Kumarhatti, Solan district of Himachal Pradesh.

History 

The College was established in 2003 with affiliation from Himachal Pradesh University. It started with four core branches, Electrical Engineering, Computer Science & Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Electronics & Communication Engineering. In 2008 it added Information Technology. In 2010, Civil Engineering was added.

In 2016 it merged its Information Technology course with Computer Science & Engineering.

Academics

Affiliations 

The College is affiliated to Himachal Pradesh Technical University and Himachal Pradesh University. The college received the approval of All India Council for Technical Education in 2003. It received candidacy status from International Accreditation Organization (U.S.A.).

Academic programmes

Bachelor's in Technology
The college offers 4 year courses in:
 Civil Engineering
 Computer Science & Engineering
 Electrical Engineering
 Electronics & Communication Engineering
 Mechanical Engineering

Master's in Technology
The college offers 2 year courses in:
 Mechanical Engineering 
 Electronics & Communication Engineering

Recognition

 International Accreditation Organization (United States of America) granted Candidacy Status.
 College Chairman Sh. Kirpal Singh Pasricha received the "Best Entrepreneur Award" in India from Minister Shashi Tharoor on 15 February 2013 from "Engineering Watch".
 The College was awarded the Best Engineering College in Himachal Pradesh by the Himalayan Research Scholar Association.
 GHEC ranked 2nd among top emerging engineering colleges in India, and ranked 1st among private colleges in Himachal Pradesh (CSR-GHRDC 2010 Survey of Engineering Colleges)

Infrastructure 
The College has ISO 9001:2008 certification for its infrastructure. It offers the following educational and additional facilities:

External links
 

Engineering colleges in Himachal Pradesh
Education in Solan district
Educational institutions established in 2003
2003 establishments in Himachal Pradesh
Bristol Tramp. The Bristol Tramp was a British steam-powered passenger and airmail transport aircraft designed by the Bristol Aeroplane Company. It was built but never flew.

Development
The Tramp was a development of Bristol's earlier Pullman passenger aircraft. In 1919, Frank Barnwell entered discussions with the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company about the feasibility of using flying boats as auxiliaries to ocean liners. The Royal Mail Steam Packet Company had very limited experience with internal combustion engines, but long-term and deep knowledge of steam turbine powerplants, and so suggested the use of a steam turbine to power the aircraft. As Bristol's heavy bomber, the Braemar – the progenitor of the Pullman – had originally been designed to have a central engine room with driveshafts to wing-mounted propellers, the Pullman seemed a suitable candidate as a testbed for the installation of a steam turbine engine room.

The powerplant was to consist of two 1,500 hp (1,120 kW) steam turbines of the Ljungstrøm type, with closed-circuit high-pressure flash boilers. The unprecedented 3,000 hp (2,240 kW) would be delivered though driveshafts and clutches to four-bladed tractor propellers mounted on each middle wing (the Braemar/Pullman/Tramp family were triplanes). In the end, the only problem encountered with the steam turbine itself was that it delivered far too much power for the Tramp airframe, which had been designed to handle the 1,600 hp (1,190 kW) of four 400 hp (300 kW) Liberty L-12 engines. The main problem turned out to be designing a reliable lightweight closed-circuit boiler and condenser.

Two examples of the Tramp were completed in 1921, powered by four 230 hp (170 kW) Siddeley Puma piston engines, but the power transmission system, particularly the clutches, gave continual trouble, and neither ever flew. They were moved to Farnborough in 1922 where they were used as ground test rigs for several years.

The Tramp Boat was a proposed flying boat development of the Tramp.

Variants
Type 37 Tramp
Experimental steam-powered triplanes, originally described as spares carriers with four  Siddeley Puma engines in a central engine room. Two built but never flown.
Type 44 Tramp Boat
Proposed triplane flying-boat variant.

Specifications (Tramp with Puma engines)

See also

References

External links
picture of Tramp in Flight magazine

1920s British airliners
Tramp
Steam-powered aircraft
Triplanes
Abandoned civil aircraft projects of the United Kingdom
Unflown aircraft
Four-engined twin-prop tractor aircraft
Raab-Katzenstein RK-26. Raab-Katzenstein RK-26 Tigerschwalbe, also known as the Fieseler F 1 Tigerschwalbe, was a German twin-seat biplane trainer aircraft designed by Gerhard Fieseler by the end of the 1920s.

Design and development
In December 1930, Fieseler was invited by the Swedish Air Force (Flygvapnet) to present his aircraft for the Swedish aircraft manufacturing company ASJA. Flygvapnet was in need for a new trainer, and the RK-26 was an interesting aircraft. Fieseler had recently won a world aerobatics championship with an RK-26. ASJA then decided to buy one aircraft. It was tested with different engine configurations by Flygvapnet, who later ordered 25 aircraft from ASJA.

Operational history
The trainer was given the designation Sk 10 by Flygvapnet. It was used between 1932 and 1945, but was quite controversial during its active life. This was partly due to changes in the design, which made the aircraft 200 kg heavier than the original, and this changed its flight characteristics drastically. The aircraft was involved in many accidents. Of the 25 delivered aircraft, 18 were written off.

One aircraft, the SE-ADK was purchased in 1934 by a civilian, L. Hemmeringer. When the Winter War began, Hemmeninger donated the aircraft to Finland. The aircraft ended up being used by the Swedish Voluntary Air Force from 9 February 1940. The aircraft was painted in Finnish colors, but was used quite sparingly, due to lack of spares and the bad condition of its engine. Most of the time it was standing at the air force base in Veitsiluoto.

Surviving craft
One Sk 10, the only remaining Tigerschwalbe, is preserved at the Flygvapenmuseum.

Operators

Austrian Air Force

Finnish Air Force

Swedish Air Force

Specifications

See also

References

Raab-Katzenstein aircraft
Biplanes
Aerobatic aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
1920s German military trainer aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1929
GAZ-46. The GAZ-46, army designation MAV (Russian, малый автомобиль водоплавающий, small floating car), is a Soviet-made light four-wheel drive amphibious military vehicle that entered service in the 1950s and has been used by many Eastern Bloc allied forces since.

History
During the Second World War; Canada, Britain and the United States forwarded large quantities of military materials to Russia. Among those were jeeps, trucks, and amphibious vehicles like the 6×6 DUKW and the 4×4 Ford GPA. The latter were used to help men and equipment get across the many rivers of Eastern Europe and combat the Germans. Seeing merits of such vehicles, after the war, Russia decided to develop two similar vehicles, using domestic automotive parts, the BAV, an equivalent of the DUKW, and the MAV, an equivalent of the Ford GPA.

Due to bad reception of the Ford GPA 'Seep' by Allied soldiers, most of them were routed to Russia under the US Lend-Lease program, before production was halted prematurely in 1943. The research institute NAMI developed a prototype NAMI-011, basing on GAZ-67B parts, in 1949. The authorities decided, that it should be manufactured in GAZ works, as GAZ-011, but the factory was reluctant, because a design needed much perfecting, while the GAZ-67B was obsolete and due to be replaced with GAZ-69.

As a result, an improved model GAZ-46 was built using the frame and parts of the GAZ-69 4×4 half-ton light truck, of which production started with the Gorky factory in 1952. The principal functions of the GAZ-46 MAV were to make light work of crossing lakes and rivers for men and materials, as well as performing river reconnaissance. As of the end of the fifties the latter role became reserved for the BRDM-1, a much more powerful 4×4 amphibious vehicle.

The GAZ-46 MAV used the mechanics of existing Russian GAZ 4×4 "jeeps" as well as being created somewhat bigger for better buoyancy, and its design is heavily inspired by that of the wartime Ford GPA. Just like the 'Seep', its hull is entirely out of steel, welded to a steel chassis. The layout is the same: engine compartment in the front, crew compartment in the center, and the spare wheel horizontally mounted on the rear deck. The driver and the commander of the vehicle have individual seats in the front with a three-seat bench behind them. The windshield can be folded down, and if necessary, a cover can be installed to close the cockpit. The engine is coupled to a manual three-speed gearbox and a two-speed transfer-case. Also, there is a screw-propeller for in the water propulsion, driven by a power take-off, and a proper rudder provides good maneuverability. Front and rear suspension is in the form of leaf-sprung rigid live axles. Thanks to its steeply raked front and rear and four-wheel drive, the GAZ can manage reasonably steep river banks before swimming across.

See also
Volkswagen Schwimmwagen

Notes

References
 René Pohl: Mit dem Auto baden gehen. HEEL Verlag, Gut-Pottscheidt Konigswinter 1998, 

Amphibious military vehicles
Military vehicles of the Soviet Union
GAZ Group military vehicles
Military vehicles introduced in the 1950s
Bettsometer. A Bettsometer is a fabric degradation tester commonly used to measure or test the integrity of fabric coverings (and associated stitching) on aircraft and their wings.

Overview
The Bettsometer comprises a pen-like instrument (which functions much like a spring balance) and a smooth round needle or pin. The needle is inserted into the fabric and then the instrument is pulled to exert a specific force on the fabric in order to test. A visual inspection is made to check for any rips or tears at the needle insertion point.

Application
The Bettsometer test is often a requirement for the annual 'permit' renewal and is usually carried out by an aircraft inspector who will know the requirements of the test (i.e. the areas of sail and stitching to be tested and the force to be exerted).

See also
 Acoustic rheometer

References

External links
Testing Equipment

Aerospace engineering
Measuring instruments
Slenderness ratio. In architecture, the slenderness ratio, or simply slenderness, is an aspect ratio, the quotient between the height and the width of a building. 
 
In structural engineering, slenderness is used to calculate the propensity of a column to buckle. It is defined as  where  is the effective length of the column and  is the least radius of gyration, the latter defined by  where  is the area of the cross-section of the column and  is the second moment of area of the cross-section. The effective length is calculated from the actual length of the member considering the rotational and relative translational boundary conditions at the ends. Slenderness captures the influence on buckling of all the geometric aspects of the column, namely its length, area, and second moment of area. The influence of the material is represented separately by the material's modulus of elasticity .  

Structural engineers generally consider a skyscraper as slender if the height:width ratio exceeds 10:1 or 12:1. Slim towers require the adoption of specific measures to counter the high strengths of wind in the vertical cantilever, like including additional structures to endow greater rigidity to the building or diverse types of tuned mass dampers to avoid unwanted swinging. 

Tall buildings with high slenderness ratio are sometime referred to as pencil towers.

Examples

References

External links 
 The Super Slender Revolution

Building engineering
Skyscrapers
Northrop Grumman Bat. The Northrop Grumman Bat is a medium-altitude unmanned air vehicle originally developed for use by the United States Armed Forces. Designed primarily as an intelligence "ISR" gathering tool, the Bat features  payload capacity  and a  wing span.

Northrop Grumman received design and marketing rights from Swift Engineering to the Killer Bee, renamed the Bat in April 2009.

The Bat UAS was redeveloped to increase payload carrying capacity and extend range. The latest variant has a wing span of  and can carry up to  of payload. The Bat "14" UAS has a maximum altitude of  above sea level and a maximum endurance of 18 hours.

On August 12, 2011, Northrop Grumman won a $26m contract for Sand Dragon B Tier II UAVs able to detect IEDs and roadside bombs.

Characteristics
 The Bat UAS System is packaged for transport into two major assemblies: Launch/Recovery and Air Vehicle/GCS.
 Transportable on MV-22, HUMVEE, C-130 and by helicopter
 Bat UAVs incorporate COTS payloads for reduced costs and ease of maintenance.
 Automatic Recovery is programmed and controlled via autonomous computer and differential GPS using a portable net system.
 Catapult launcher functions are controlled and monitored by GCS software.

The blended wings merge with the fuselage into a single airfoil to reduce aerodynamic drag, improve fuel economy and increase flight endurance. Made largely of composites, including epoxy/carbon fiber and fiberglass, the airfoil is rigid, providing a structural efficiency which reduces materials and manufacturing costs. With net hooks in the nose and a rear pusher propeller, the craft lands in a mobile retrieval net.

The current Hirth engine with its five-bladed propeller provides a flight time of up to 18 hours. The Bat is designed to have a lower than average visual and radar cross-section profile. A heavy-fuel engine version is also available.

The payload capabilities include still image and real-time video cameras, EO/IR and SAR sensors, Kestrel MTI, laser range finders, laser designators, infrared cameras, communication relays, IED detection, radar jamming EW, chemical and biological detection systems, psy ops, and flare dispensers.

Uses
The Bat UAS can carry numerous types of payloads for collecting intelligence, including still image and real time video cameras, EO/IR and SAR sensors, laser range finders, laser designators, Infra-Red cameras, communications relay equipment, chemical, biological, and IED detection systems and flare dispensers. The Bat series is offered for surveillance of civil disturbances, borders, pipe- and power-lines, as well as meteorology.

Specifications (Bat UAS)

See also
 Lockheed Martin RQ-170 Sentinel
 Swift Engineering
 Mikoyan Skat
 Sukhoi Okhotnik

References

External links

Bat
2000s United States military reconnaissance aircraft
Unmanned aerial vehicles of the United States
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Blended wing body
Aircraft first flown in 2006
LART. LART is a single-board computer (SBC) designed by staff of the University of Delft/Netherlands.

The creators advertise complete layout by means of CAD files, software and kernel patches for Linux. The software is released under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL), and the Hardware design is released under the MIT License. TU Delft built some boards, some people built their own LARTs (the board can be made at home by a competent engineer), and a batch was produced and sold in 2002-2003 by Aleph One Ltd and Remote 12, in an early demonstration of the viability of the Open Hardware concept (manufacture can be performed by groups other than the designers and copyright holders).

The standard LART configuration featured 32 MB DRAM and 4 MB Flash ROM. Most interesting is the low-power consumption of less than 1 W while providing ~ 250 MIPS, making it an ideal system for embedded computing.

The project also spun off an Open Hardware parallel port JTAG interface board and the Blob bootloader.

References

External links
 LART hardware shop and related information

Embedded Linux
Open computers
Samuel Fawehinmi. Samuel Ibitayo Fawehinmi (1912–1998) was a pioneering Nigerian furniture magnate. The son of a trader, he was born in Ondo City. He attended Ondo Boys High School and the Yaba Higher College. He was originally interested in medicine, but the long wait for a pre-medical test, and his gift in wood and metal work changed his occupational direction. He learned civil engineering and became a staff of King's College, Lagos. In 1946, he decided to undergo further formal training in furniture, he traveled abroad and was educated at the Shoreditch Technical College. After returning to Nigeria, with the help of his father and a loan from the Colony Development Board, he opened some furniture factories in Lagos. He was noted as one of the earliest magnates who focused on a single industry instead of the ubiquitous or octopodal group of companies. He was also notable for introducing modern techniques in furniture making.

References

1912 births
Yoruba businesspeople
People from Ondo City
20th-century Nigerian businesspeople
Yaba Higher College alumni
People from colonial Nigeria
Year of death missing
VX-23. Air Test and Evaluation Squadron 23 (VX-23) is an aviation unit of the United States Navy based at Naval Air Station Patuxent River, Maryland, United States. The squadron was established on 22 July 1995. Using the tail code SD, the squadron operates multiple aircraft types of the United States Navy for test and evaluation purposes.

Overview

VX-23 is an aircraft test squadron that conducts research, testing and evaluation of fixed wing tactical aircraft and UAV's. VX-23 provides aircraft, pilots, maintenance services, safety oversights and facility support for these operations. Their main mission is flying qualities and performance evaluations, shipboard suitability, propulsion system testing, tactical aircraft mission systems testing, ordnance compatibility and ballistics efforts, reliability and maintainability assessments, flight fidelity simulation and flight control software development. The squadron also provides Government Flight Representative, test monitoring, chase aircraft support, facilities for contractor demonstration, validation and development work involving tactical aircraft and associated systems.

History
The squadron was established in on 22 July 1995 as the Naval Strike Aircraft Test Squadron and redesignated VX-23 on 1 May 2002.
During the years VX-23, has tested and evaluated fixed-wing fighter, attack and other designated aircraft including EA-6B, F-14, F/A-18 and T-45. VX-23 hosted and provided Flight Test Aircrew for the Joint Strike Fighter X-32 and X-35 concept demonstration aircraft as well as the X-31 VECTOR test vehicle.

The squadron consists of about 40 officers and 90 enlisted drawn from the US Navy and US Marine Corps and also 340 contractor and civil servant personnel involved with maintenance, planning and safety oversight. These people support the squadron's 40 F/A-18A-G, EA-6B and T-45 aircraft. Additionally the squadron is supported by hundreds of flight test engineers provided by NAVAIRSYSCOM 5.1.6 (Test and Evaluation Engineering) and various other contractors. The squadron conducts over 2,600 flight operations every year which sums up to roughly 3,500 flight hours, much of which involves high-risk flight test. VX-23 conducts operations from a facility that includes three large hangars and also operates and maintains a TC-7 catapult and MK-7 arresting gear facility.

21st Century

On 4 June 2021, the first refuelling test and evaluation flight was conducted with the MQ-25 drone refuelling aircraft providing fuel to an F/A-18E/F Super Hornet. The test had the MQ-25 originate at MidAmerica Airport in Mascoutah, Illinois, and the F/A-18 was from the VX-23. The mission lasted about 4.5 hours, and the two aircraft were connected for dry or wet connects numerous times for a total time of more than 10 minutes, with a total of 325 pounds of fuel passed.

See also
 History of the United States Navy
 List of United States Navy aircraft squadrons
 VX-20

References

External links
 Official Site

Aviation units and formations of the United States
Test squadrons of the United States Navy
Avro 652. The Avro 652 was a 1930s British light airliner, built by A.V. Roe and Company. It was a twin-engine, low-wing monoplane with a retractable undercarriage, and a tailwheel. Although only two were produced, it formed the basis for the successful Avro Anson.

Design and development
In 1933, Imperial Airways issued a specification to Avro, for a light airliner to transport four passengers for up to 420 mi (676 km) at a cruising speed of 130 mph (210 km/h). By August 1933, Roy Chadwick's team had produced a design study. This had to be revised when Imperial Airways changed the specification, to enable the machine to fly the Karachi-Bombay-Colombo night mail service. The amended design was accepted, and in April 1934 an order for two aircraft was issued. The first aircraft flew on 7 January 1935, and the type was certificated in March 1935.

Operational history
On 11 March 1935, the two Avro 652s were delivered to Imperial Airways at Croydon Airport. They served with Imperial Airways, mostly operating the route from Croydon to Brindisi. In 1938, they were sold to Air Service Training Ltd, a civilian company operating under Air Ministry contracts. They served with No.3 E&RFTS (Elementary and Reserve Flying Training School) as navigational trainers, at Hamble airfield. In November 1939, both aircraft were transferred to No. 11 AONS (Air Observers' Navigation School), remaining at Hamble. In March 1941, they were impressed by the Air Ministry into RAF service with No. 1 School of Photography. In July 1941, both were transferred to the Fleet Air Arm, and served with 811 Squadron at RNAS Lee-on-Solent (HMS Daedalus), until struck off charge in March 1942.

Aircraft
G-ACRM
Imperial Airways, named Avalon, later to Fleet Air Arm with serial DG655.
G-ACRN
Imperial Airways, named Avatar, then Ava, later to Fleet Air Arm with serial DG656.

Operators

Air Service Training
Imperial Airways
Royal Air Force
Fleet Air Arm

Specifications (Avro 652)

See also

References

Bibliography

Sturtivant, Ray. 1988. The Anson File. Air-Britain 

652
1930s British airliners
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1935
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft