omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Grigorovich M-9. The Grigorovich M-9 (alternative designation ShCh M-9, sometimes also Shchetinin M-9) was a Russian World War I-era biplane flying boat, developed from the M-5 by Grigorovich.

The first M-9 was ready in 1915 and its maiden flight was carried out on January 9, 1916, at Baku. On September 17, 1916, the test pilot Jan Nagórski became the first to make a loop with a flying boat.

During the Russian Civil War, M-9s participated in the air defence of Baku, dropping approximately 6,000 kg of bombs and 160 kg of flechettes. The aircraft also carried out photo reconnaissance, artillery spotting and air combat sorties.

The M-9 was also used for the first experiments on sea shelve study, participating in the finding of new oil fields near Baku.

Nine M-9s were captured by Finland during the Russian Civil War. One was flown by a Russian officer to Antrea on April 10, 1918. It sank the following day during type evaluation. Eight more were taken over at the airfields at Åland and Turku. The aircraft were used until 1922 by the Finnish Air Force.

Operators
 
Imperial Russian Air Service
White Army

Finnish Air Force

Soviet Air Force

Specifications (M-9)

See also

References

Bibliography

M-09
Biplanes
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Flying boats
1910s Russian military reconnaissance aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1916
IAccessible2. IAccessible2 is an accessibility API for Microsoft Windows applications. Initially developed by IBM under the codename Project Missouri, IAccessible2 has been placed under the aegis of the Free Standards Group, now part of the Linux Foundation. It has been positioned as an alternative to Microsoft's new UI Automation API.

While UI Automation is trumpeted as "royalty-free", IAccessible2 claims to be an "open standard".

Goals

Whereas UI Automation marks a radical break from Microsoft Active Accessibility (MSAA) to create a more flexible accessibility API, IAccessible2 fills in perceived omissions in MSAA to match the Java Accessibility API and Assistive Technology Service Provider Interface (AT-SPI).  By extending the MSAA interface, rather than replacing it, IAccessible2 allows "application developers to leverage their investment in MSAA while also providing an Assistive Technology (AT) access to rich document applications." It is also advantageous for Microsoft's commercial competitors, Sun and IBM, to promote an alternative accessibility interface to the Windows platform standard, which explains both their focus on developing non-MSAA/UIA interfaces and their promotion of cross-platform support despite the lack of any AT that is cross-platform that might use it. 

Project Missouri was started when the State of Massachusetts, in the process of adopting the OpenDocument format for its public records, required that the format be made accessible. Increasing the accessibility of dynamic web applications, for example by exposing custom controls for use with assistive technology and by filtering streams of new information by type and importance, became a second major focus for the project.

Support

Support for IAccessible is present in LibreOffice as of version 4.2. It is in development for Apache OpenOffice, Mozilla Application Suite, NonVisual Desktop Access and
the Opera web browser.  Although IAccessible2 was introduced as a Windows accessibility API, Qt Development Frameworks is treating IAccessible2 as a potential alternative to AT-SPI on Linux too, and planning to add preliminary support to Qt 4.3.
As of 2019, Qt uses MSAA and IAccessible2 on Windows, and continues to use AT-SPI for Unix/X11 systems.

References

Accessibility API
Windows APIs
Almatti Dam. The Lal Bahadur Shastri Dam is also known as Almatti Dam is a hydroelectric project on the Krishna River in North Karnataka, India which was completed in July 2005. The target annual electric output of the dam is 560 MU (or GWh).

The Almatti Dam is the main reservoir of the Upper Krishna Irrigation Project; the 290 MW power station is located on the right side of the Almatti Dam. The facility uses vertical Kaplan turbines: five 55MW generators and one 15MW generator. Water is released in to the Narayanpur reservoir after using for power generation to serve the downstream irrigation needs. Two separate facilities namely, Almatti 1 Powerhouse and Almatti II Powerhouse each separated by distance do provide power generation capabilities.

During the initial stages of the project, estimated costs were projected as ₹ 1,470 crores, but following the transfer of project's management to the Karnataka Power Corporation Limited (KPCL), the estimated cost was reduced by over fifty percent to ₹ 674 crores. KPCL eventually completed the project at an even lower cost of ₹ 520 crores. The entire dam was finished in less than forty months, with construction ending in July 2005.
The dam is located on the edge of Vijayapura and Bagalkote districts. Geographically, it is located in the Vijayapura district, but large areas of Bagalkote district have also been submerged due to filling of the reservoir. The dam holds a gross water storage capacity of 123.08 TMC at 519 meters MSL. The backwaters of the dam host several migratory birds during summer.

Height
The full reservoir level of Almatti dam was originally restricted to 160 feet MSL by the supreme court of India. The Krishna River conflict between Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Maharashtra was resolved by the Brijesh Kumar Tribunal and the dam was authorized to be raised to the height of 524 feet MSL with nearly 200 TMC gross storage capacity.
26 different radial spillway gates  are housed in the Dam.

See also
 Aihole
 Badami
 Banashankari
 Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal
 Kudalasangama
 Mahakuta
 North Karnataka
 Pattadakal
 Tourism in North Karnataka
 Upper Krishna Project
 Vijayapur
 List of dams and reservoirs in India

References

HD Devegowda contribution need to be taken into consideration as he refers to this work during his tenure as PM of indis and CM of Karnataka.

External links

 Almatti Dam Power House at Karnataka Power Corp
 Alamatti Dam

Dams in Karnataka
2005 establishments in Karnataka
Hydroelectric power stations in Karnataka
Reservoirs in Karnataka
Buildings and structures in Bijapur district
Geography of Bijapur district
Tourist attractions in Bijapur district
Dams completed in 2005
Expression language. An expression language is a computer language for creating a machine readable representation of specific domain knowledge. Examples include:

Advanced Boolean Expression Language, an obsolete hardware description language for hardware descriptions
Data Analysis Expressions (DAX), an expression language developed by Microsoft and used in Power Pivot, among other places
Jakarta Expression Language, a domain-specific language used in Jakarta EE web applications. Formerly known as "Unified Expression Language", "Expression Language"  or just "the Expression Language").
Rights Expression Languages, machine processable language used for representing immaterial rights such as copyright and license information

Computer languages
LPEC. LPEC can stand for:

Linear Predictive Echo Cancelling
Linn Protocol for Eventing and Control
Long-term Predicted Excitation Coding, a Sony codec optimised for voice recording
LCV Platform Engineering Corporation, a joint venture between Isuzu and General Motors
Lost Planet: Extreme Condition, a third-person shooter video game
LP Executive Consulting, LLC, a US-based loss prevention and security consulting company
Ascher H. Shapiro. Ascher Herman Shapiro (May 20, 1916 – November 26, 2004) was a professor of Mechanical Engineering at MIT.  He grew up in New York City.

Early life and education
Shapiro was born and raised in Brooklyn, New York, to Jewish Lithuanian immigrant parents. He earned his S.B. in 1938 and an Sc.D. in 1946 in the field of mechanical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).

Career
After starting at MIT as a laboratory assistant in mechanical engineering, Shapiro was eventually appointed assistant professor at MIT in 1943 where he taught fluid mechanics. A prolific author of texts in his field, his two-volume treatise, The Dynamics and Thermodynamics of Compressible Fluid Flow, published in 1953 and 1954, is considered a classic. His 1961 book Shape and Flow: The Fluid Dynamics of Drag explained boundary layer phenomena and drag in simple, non-mathematical terms. He also founded the National Council for Fluid Mechanics Films (NCFMF), in cooperation with the Educational Development Center. From there, Shapiro was appointed Chair of the Institute's Faculty in 1964-1965 and head of the Department of Mechanical Engineering from 1965 to 1974.

In 1962 he demonstrated the Coriolis effect in a bathtub-sized water tank placed in MIT (latitude 42° N). The experiment required extreme precision, since the acceleration due to Coriolis effect is only  that of gravity. The tank was filled, kept static for 24 hours, then drained. The vortex was measured by a cross made of two silvers of wood pinned above the draining hole. It takes 20 minutes to drain, and the cross starts turning only around 15 minutes. At the end it is turning at 1 rotation every 3 to 4 seconds.

Shapiro was elected to American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1952, the National Academy of Sciences in 1967, and National Academy of Engineering in 1974. He was awarded the Benjamin Garver Lamme Award by the American Society of Engineering Education in 1977. He was awarded the Fluids Engineering Award in 1977 and the Drucker Medal in 1999 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. He was awarded honorary Doctor of Science in 1978 by the University of Salford and in 1985 by the Technion.

Books
Shapiro, Ascher H., Dynamics and Thermodynamics of Compressible Fluid Flow, Krieger Pub. Co; Reprint ed., with corrections (June 1983), .
Shapiro, Ascher H., Shape and flow: The fluid dynamics of drag, Anchor Books, 1961.

References

External links
 MIT News Office
 Boston Globe obituary

American mechanical engineers
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
MIT School of Engineering alumni
MIT School of Engineering faculty
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
American fluid dynamicists
1916 births
2004 deaths
20th-century American engineers
Danny Lange. Danny B. Lange is a Danish computer scientist who has worked on machine learning for IBM, Microsoft, Amazon Web Services, Uber, and Unity Technologies.

Early life and education 
Lange was born in Denmark. He earned his Doctor of Philosophy in computer science from the Technical University of Denmark.

Career 
During the 1990s, Lange worked at IBM Research – Tokyo, where he developed the Aglets software. From 1997 to 2002, he served as chief technology officer of General Magic, where he led the development of the company's Java agent platform, called Odyssey. He also led the design of General Motors' OnStar systems during the late 1990s.

Lange founded the startup company Vocomo Software in Cupertino, California in 2001. The company's VoiceXML technology and support staff were acquired by Voxeo in 2005. In addition to IBM, Lange has worked on machine learning for several companies, including Microsoft, Amazon Web Services (AWS), a subsidiary of Amazon, and Uber. He was principal architect at Microsoft's Startup Business Group, as of 2010. During his nearly two years at AWS, he managed the cloud computing provider's internal machine learning platform. He also led the launch of the Amazon Machine Learning product in his role as general manager.

Lange led Uber's machine learning team for more than a year, serving in the role of Head of Machine Learning starting in 2015. He managed developers in San Francisco and Seattle, and also worked within the company's autonomous car division. He served as Unity Technologies' vice-president of artificial intelligence and machine learning from late 2016 until 2023, where he led all efforts connected to the company's activities in these areas. At Unity he worked on artificial intelligence and machine learning for augmented and virtual reality. As of mid-2023, Danny Lange now serves as the Vice President of Business Intelligence and Artificial Intelligence (BI+AI) at Google.

In mid 2017, Lange joined the board of directors of the Danish visual effects company Spektral, which is developing machine learning-based chroma key technology. The company was acquired by Apple Inc. in 2018. He has invested in the Danish startup company Corti, which developed artificial intelligence for detecting cardiac arrest, and is a limited partner in byFounders, a Nordic venture capital firm.

Personal life 
Lange is married to Eva Moe. Their daughter, Yina Moe-Lange, competed as an alpine skier in the 2010 Winter Olympics. She was born in Tokyo in 1993. In addition to Japan, Lange and his family have lived in Silicon Valley and Sammamish, Washington.

References

Further reading

External links 
 

1960s births
Amazon (company) people
Chief technology officers
Danish computer programmers
Danish computer scientists
IBM employees
Living people
Microsoft employees
Technical University of Denmark alumni
Uber people
Shchetinin. Shchetinin (Russian: Щетинин) was the first Russian aviation company. It was founded in St. Petersburg in 1910 under the name Pervoye Rossiyskoye Tovarishchestvo Vozdukhoplavaniya S. S. Shchetinin i Ko (First Russian Aeronautical Company S. S. Shchetinin and Co.). The company was led by the famous pilot S. S. Shchetinin and the lead designer was Dmitry Pavlovich Grigorovich. The company focused mainly on a series of flying boats, which initially were modeled after the American aircraft Curtiss Model K. A lengthy series of aircraft, starting with the designation letter "M" (Marine) followed. Famous aircraft were the M-5, M-9, M-11/M-12, M-15, M-16 and M-24/M-24bis.

History 
The plant was founded by Sergey Sergeevich Shchetinin, a lawyer from St. Petersburg. It was called "First Russian Aeronautical Company S. S. Shchetinin and Co. (PRTV)".

During the First World War 
By the summer of 1914 the plant was mainly producing licensed and unlicensed copies of French aircraft. They were created for the needs of the Ministry of War. The first experimental domestic seaplanes of D.P. Grigorovich's design were built.

During the war the plant established the production of non-aviation products; sanitary buggies, boxes for shells and spare wheels were produced at the plant.

Aircraft
See Grigorovich (design bureau) for a full list of aircraft.

References

Aircraft manufacturers of the Soviet Union
Commercial Processing Workload. The Commercial Processing Workload (CPW) is a simplified variant of the industry-wide TPC-C benchmarking standard originally developed by IBM to compare the performance of their various AS/400 (now IBM i) server offerings.

The related, but less commonly used Computational Intensive Workload (CIW) measures performance in a situation where there is a high ratio of computation to input/output communication. The reverse situation is simulated by the CPW.

References

External links
TPC slaps Oracle on benchmark claims- The Register

Benchmarks (computing)
IBM software
Plen. PLEN is a small desktop toy humanoid robot that can replicate complex human movements.  It is controlled remotely by use of a Bluetooth enabled phone. When programmed, it is able to use a skateboard, rollerskates, pick up, kick and throw small things, and stand up if he tumbles to the floor. It does not feature any sensors or automatic software reactions to certain events, as it is entirely remote-controlled.

Videos of PLEN are being widely distributed and featured on sites such as YouTube, notably for its ability to perform roller skating and skateboard stunts. It performs these feats in a very lifelike fashion.

PLEN is 9 inches (22.8 cm) tall, weighs 696 grams and is equipped with a 3 axis accelerometer to assist in balancing. It has 18 degrees of freedom and a 32bit ARM7 CPU. PLEN is powered by 6V-950mA NiMH rechargeable battery. The battery pack is on the robot's back and resembles a backpack. Its central positioning is designed to improve overall balance as it heaviest component.   New actions are programmable using its Motion Editor software and can be uploaded via USB or Bluetooth.  Plen is expected to sell for 250,000 JPY.

PLEN was created and manufactured by Akazawa Co. Ltd of Japan, and is currently sold by them for 262,500 ¥.

References

External links
 PLEN Official Website

Bipedal humanoid robots
Robots of Japan
2000s robots
Buttress dam. A buttress dam or hollow dam is a dam with a solid, water-tight upstream side that is supported at intervals on the downstream side by a series of buttresses or supports. The dam wall may be straight or curved. Most buttress dams are made of reinforced concrete and are heavy, pushing the dam into the ground. Water pushes against the dam, but the buttresses are inflexible and prevent the dam from falling over.

Buttress or hollow gravity dams were originally built to retain water for irrigation or mining in areas of scarce or expensive resources but cheap labour. A buttress dam is a good choice in wide valleys where solid rock is rare.

As designs have become more sophisticated, the virtues and weaknesses of buttress dams have become apparent. The Romans were the first to use buttresses to increase the stability of a dam wall. 

Buttress dams of slab concrete construction became popular in the United States in the early 20th Century with the patented process of Norwegian-American civil engineer Nils F. Ambursen.

Construction
Buttressed dams are so-called 'permitted dams'. They consist of piers of triangular cross-section with a free space between the piers and a sloping wall on the water side. The loads from the horizontal water head are transmitted underground through the wall and the columns. The load on the ground is relatively high due to the small footprint, which is why column foundations require a sufficiently load-bearing foundation.

Depending on the shape of the pillars and the slab or vault water wall, a distinction is made between:
 Pier dam
 Holpfeilerstauer
 Pillar slab dam
 Pillar vaulted dam

Notes

External links
Buttress dams Table of contents
An introduction to buttress dams

 
Dams by type
.
Concrete buildings and structures
Masonry dams
Scott Russell linkage. A Scott Russell linkage is a linkage which translates linear motion through a right angle.

The linkage is named after John Scott Russell (1808–1882), although watchmaker William Freemantle had already patented it in 1803.

A different form of the linkage has been used in a front-wheel-drive vehicle with solid rear axle to control lateral movement, and with a flexing elastomeric connection instead of the rolling or sliding connection.

The linkage does not share the disadvantages of the asymmetric Panhard rod, and is more compact than the Watt's linkage.

Construction and related linkages

The linkage is composed of two links. One link is double the size of the other, and is connected to the smaller link by its midpoint.

One of the ends is then connected to something that can generate linear motion, such as a rolling or sliding connection, or another straight line mechanism.

The Evans 'grasshopper' linkage is a variant of a Scott Russell linkage which uses a long link to create a large enough arc to approximate a line.

The Bricard inversor directly incorporates the Scott Russell's links, replacing the previously required straight line connection and allowing for two exact straight line outputs at right angles.

If both ends are turned into sliding connections, it becomes a Trammel of Archimedes.

References

External links

 Animation of a Scott-Russell linkage in action

Automotive suspension technologies
Linkages (mechanical)
Straight line mechanisms
Air Force Civil Engineer Support Agency. The Air Force Civil Engineer Support Agency (AFCESA) merged with the Air Force Real Property Agency and the Air Force Center for Engineering and the Environment to form the Air Force Civil Engineer Center on 1 Oct. 2012. 

AFCESA was a Field Operating Agency (FOA) of the United States Air Force. The agency managed contracts that provided civil engineer support to help restore and modernize buildings and infrastructure at Air Force bases around the world.

History
AFCESA began as the Civil Engineer Construction Operations Group at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio in 1966. Two years later, the new Civil Engineering Center incorporated the construction operations group's readiness and mobility functions.

In 1972, the Civil Engineering Center moved to Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida, and became the Air Force Civil Engineering Center. In 1977, the Air Force Engineering and Services Agency was formed after the Air Force combined the responsibilities of Civil Engineering and Services. The separate operating agency had headquarters at Kelly Air Force Base, Texas. Then, in 1978, the Air Force Engineering and Services Center was activated at Tyndall Air Force Base, Fla.

In early 1991, the center's policy functions were transferred to the Office of the Civil Engineer, Headquarters U.S. Air Force, making the Air Force Engineering and Services Center a field operating agency. The name of the organization changed to Air Force Civil Engineering Support Agency on 1 August 1991, and later became the Air Force Civil Engineer Support Agency in 1994.

See also
 Military engineering of the United States
 Prime Base Engineer Emergency Force
 Rapid Engineer Deployable Heavy Operational Repair Squadron Engineers

Field operating agencies of the United States Air Force
Wollaston wire. Wollaston wire is a very fine (c.  0.001 mm thick) platinum wire clad in silver and used in electrical instruments.  For most uses, the silver cladding is etched away by acid to expose the platinum core.

History 
The wire is named after its inventor, William Hyde Wollaston, who first produced it in England in the early 19th century. Platinum wire is drawn through successively smaller dies until it is about  in diameter.  It is then embedded in the middle of a silver wire having a diameter of about .  This composite wire is then drawn until the silver wire has a diameter of about , causing the embedded platinum wire to be reduced by the same 50:1 ratio to a final diameter of . Removal of the silver coating with an acid bath leaves the fine platinum wire as a product of the process.

Uses 
Wollaston wire was used in early radio detectors known as electrolytic detectors  and the hot wire barretter.   Other uses include suspension of delicate devices, sensing of temperature, and sensitive electrical power measurements.

It continues to be used for the fastest-responding hot-wire anemometers.

References 

History of radio
Radio electronics
Wire
Jef Poskanzer. Jeffrey A. Poskanzer is a computer programmer. He was the first person to post a weekly FAQ to Usenet. He developed the portable pixmap file format and pbmplus (the precursor to the Netpbm package) to manipulate it. He has also worked on the team that ported A/UX. He has shared in two USENIX Lifetime Achievement Awards – in 1993 for Berkeley Unix, and in 1996 for the Software Tools Project.

He owns the Internet address acme.com (which is notable for receiving over one million e-mail spams a day), which is the home page for ACME Laboratories. It hosts a number of open source software projects; major projects maintained include both pbmplus and thttpd, an open source web server.

Notes

External links
 ACME Laboratories
 Jef Poskanzer's Resumé

A/UX people
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)