omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
AMD Alarus. The AMD Alarus CH2000 is a two-seat, fixed tricycle gear general aviation airplane, used primarily for flight training, that was designed by Chris Heintz. It was manufactured by Aircraft Manufacturing and Design Co. in Eastman, Georgia. It is a low-wing aircraft, with one door located above each wing, respectively. It can be considered a competitor to similar aircraft used for flight training, such as the Diamond DA20.

The Alarus features Garmin avionics and a  cabin.

As of 2011 the aircraft is no longer in production by AMD, although Zenair provides parts support.

Variants
The Alarus was offered in two variants: the AMD Alarus CH2000 general aviation aircraft and the SAMA CH2000 Military Tactical Surveillance Aircraft (MTSA).

SAMA CH2000
The SAMA CH2000 is a military surveillance variant of the Alarus.  It is equipped with forward-looking infrared – a multi sensor imager offering high performance, precision and high level imaging.

The aircraft is also equipped with state-of-the-art communications systems for secure air-to-air and air-to-ground communications and is equipped for day and night missions. The aircraft is manufactured in Amman, Jordan and Baghdad, Iraq.

The United States Army acquired 8 aircraft at a cost of USD$5.8M for the Iraqi Air Force in 2004, and the first two SAMA CH2000s were delivered on 18 January 2005. The first four CH2000s were used by the 3rd Squadron, based at Kirkuk Air Base, and the others by the 70th Squadron at Basra International Airport. In 2008, following the service entry of the Cessna 208 in the Iraqi Air Force, SAMA CH2000s used by the 3rd Squadron were transferred to the 70th Squadron.

Zenair CH 640

The four seat kit aircraft derivative of the Alarus is the Zenair CH 640.

Operators
The Alarus is used by some flight schools in the United States.

In February 2008 there were 113 CH2000 Alarus registered in the USA and four in Canada.

The first military user of the CH2000 was the Iraqi Air Force, currently operating 8 aircraft. 

The Peruvian Air Force will receive six CH2000s built under licence by SEMAN with some custom modifications. The Peruvian version is called the Antarqui (which was a special elite of Chasqui messengers in service with the Inca Empire, that are believed to have used a paragliding device to jump from one hill to another).

Military operators

Iraqi Air Force - 70th Squadron

Peruvian Air Force

Specifications

See also

References

External links

 Company website archives on Archive.org

1990s United States civil trainer aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Alarus
Benoit Schillings. Benoit Schillings is a Belgian software engineer, he is the Vice President of AI at Google Inc, previously he was the Chief Technology Officer (CTO) at Google[x] leading the early projects at X.  He is known for being one of the lead developers of the Be Operating System (BeOS) and is a noted amateur astronomer.

Schillings' association with Be Inc. began in 1990 when, as a developer of software for the Apple Macintosh, he visited the Apple Expo in Paris and met Jean-Louis Gassée. Gassée, who had just left Apple Computer to found Be, asked Schillings to become the second engineer at Be where he would work on the operating system for a new computer called the BeBox.  Schillings accepted the offer and, starting in March 1991, developed a file system (now known as the Old Be File System or OFS) and an associated user-space database application (called Zookeeper) that indexed the metadata in the file system.  The file system was fast and efficient, but was later replaced by Dominic Giampaolo's Be File System.

Schillings also developed the graphics system for BeOS (known as the App Server), as well as programming frameworks such as the Interface Kit and Application Kit that are used by software developers to write software for the operating system.

Before joining Trolltech in October 2005, Schillings worked as a "Distinguished Engineer" and CTO at Openwave where, with Mike Reed, he led a team that developed Version 7 of the Openwave Phone Suite mobile phone applications.

Benoit also ran the android and iOS mobile teams at Yahoo from 2013 until 2017.

See also 
3dmiX
futex

References

External links 
Be Engineering Insights: Benaphores First implementation of futex
Benoit Schillings's page on telescope images.

Be Inc. people
Living people
Chief technology officers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Vapor polishing. Vapor polishing is a method of polishing plastics to reduce the surface roughness or improve clarity. Typically, a component is exposed to a chemical vapor causing the surface to flow thereby improving the surface finish. This method of polishing is frequently used to return clear materials to an optical quality finish after machining. Vapor polishing works well in the internal features of components.

Feature size changes of the plastic component generally do not occur. Post stress relieving is usually required as vapor polishing sets up surface stresses that can cause crazing.

Plastics that respond well to vapor polishing are polycarbonate, acrylic, polysulfone, PEI, and ABS.

The technique is also being used to improve the surface of objects created with 3D printing techniques. As the printer deposits layer upon layer of material to build the object, the surface is often not entirely smooth. The smoothness of the surface can be greatly increased by vapor polishing.

Notes

Materials science
Nvidia Quadro Plex. The Nvidia Quadro Plex is an external graphics processing unit (Visual Computing System) designed for large-scale 3D visualizations. The system consists of a box containing a pair of high-end Nvidia Quadro graphics cards featuring a variety of external video connectors. A special PCI Express card is installed in the host computer, and the two are connected by VHDCI cables.

Specifications 
The Nvidia Quadro Plex system supports up to four GPUs per unit. It connects to the host PC via a small form factor PCI Express card connected to the host, and a  Nvidia Quadro Plex Interconnect Cable. The system is housed in an external case that is approximately 9.49 inches in height, 5.94 inches in width, and 20.55 inches in depth and weighs about 19 pounds. The system relies heavily on Nvidia's SLI technology.

Targeted audiences 

The Plex is aimed at large CGI animation companies, such as Pixar and DreamWorks Animation. This product is one of several professional graphics solutions on the market today, along with ATI's FireGL and Matrox's professional graphics cards.

See also
 Sun Visualization System - uses Nvidia Quadro Plex for 3D rendering and graphics acceleration
  SGI Virtu VS product line - supports Quadro Plex

External links 
Nvidia.com Quadro Plex VCS
Quadro Plex Comparison Chart
RTX 3090 - NVIDIA GeForce Graphics

Third party information on the Quadro Plex:
Gizmodo: Nvidia Announces Quadro Plex, Monster Graphics for Pros

Graphics hardware
Quadro Plex
Visual effects
Multi-monitor
Dye destruction. Dye destruction or dye bleach is a photographic printing process, in which dyes embedded in the paper are bleached (destroyed) in processing. Because the dyes are fully formed in the paper prior to processing, they may be formulated with few constraints, compared to the complex dye couplers that must react in chromogenic processing. This method has allowed the use of richly colored, highly stable dyes.
It is a reversal process, meaning that it is used in printing transparencies (diapositives).

Ilfochrome (originally Cibachrome) was the last widely available dye destruction process, and is known for its intense colors and archival qualities. It is no longer sold as of 2011, however Christopher Burkett is an artist who still uses  Ilfochrome as his primary medium making use of stored papers and chemicals. 
Older dye destruction processes included Utocolor (early 1900s) and Gasparcolor (1930s). Plastic base supports have a "high gloss surface sheen".

References 

Photographic processes
Bungsberg (ship). was a cargo steamship. She was built in 1924 in Germany in 1924 . In 1939 she was renamed twice: firstly as , and then as . A mine sank her off the coast of Estonia in 1943. Her wreck is now a site for wreck diving.

Building and registration
In 1922 and 1923, Howaldtswerke in Kiel built three sister ships fpr Deutsche Levante-Linie. Yard number 643 was built in 1922 as ; yard number 644 was built in 1923 as ; and yard number 645 was built in 1923 as . Hamburg America Line owned  and ; and  owned ; but  managed all three.

Also in 1924,  built a fourth ship, to the same design, but for . She was built as yard number 646, and launched as . Her length was ; her beam was ; and her depth was . Her tonnages were  and . She had a single screw; driven by a three-cylinder triple-expansion engine that was rated at 143 NHP. She was equipped with submarine signalling. She was registered in Hamburg. Her code letters were RFHP.

Career
By 1930, Jebsen & Jessen were s managers, but by 1931, August Bolten William Miller’s Nachfolger had succeeded them. By 1934, her wireless telegraph call sign was DHHB, and this had superseded her code letters. By 1938,  owned  as well as managing her. In 1939 she was renamed , but later that year she was renamed , after Bungsberg, a hill that is the highest point in Holstein.

Loss and wreck
On 24 March 1943,  struck one of a set of mines that had been laid across the Suurupi Strait. She sank off Naissaar, at position . Her wreck lies on an even keel, at a depth of . The captain of a fishing trawler discovered the wreck in 1984, and told the Estonian Maritime Museum in Tallinn. The Museum fixed the position of the wreck on 15 June 1988, during a sonar testing operation by the Estonian Geology Administration. The Museum identified the wreck in 1992. On 2 July 2011 the wreck was added to the Estonian National Register of Cultural Monuments.

The engine order telegraph and some papers were salvaged from the wreck, and are kept at the Estonian Maritime Museum. Her funnel, mizzen mast, and the upper part of her bridge are missing. Damage from the mine explosion is clearly visible on her starboard bow. All four of her cargo holds are empty. recreational divers now visit the wreck.

References

Bibliography

1924 ships
Cargo ships of Germany
Maritime incidents in Estonia
Maritime incidents in March 1943
Ships built in Kiel
Ships sunk by mines
Ships sunk by Soviet aircraft
Shipwrecks in the Gulf of Finland
Viimsi Parish
World War II merchant ships of Germany
World War II shipwrecks in the Baltic Sea
Wreck diving sites
Karosserie Baur. Baur is a Karosserie or coachbuilder in Stuttgart, Germany, which has been building BMW convertibles since the 1930s. Currently, they are the body and assembly works for IVM Automotive, a member of the Ed Group. They enjoy an excellent reputation for quality and do prototype work for many manufacturers such as Porsche, Audi and Ford.

The Baur family received a patent for the design of a folding top for luxury automobiles around the time BMW was building the first car with the BMW name.

Baur was established in 1910 and produced, among others, 1,682 1600-2 Cabriolets, 2,517 2002 Cabriolets, 2,592 E110 700 Sport Cabriolets, and most of the 450 or so M1's (after Lamborghini was unable to fulfil its contractual obligations).

In 1971 they began production of the safer "Targa-style" body with the 2002. (Targa was a registered Porsche name, so they had to call it something else.) Originally an aftermarket option available through BMW dealers, the E21 3 Series TC1 was built with full factory authorization, and covered under the factory warranty. The roll-bar version or "Top Cabrio" (TC) continued with the E30 TC2 even after Baur developed the BMW E30 Convertible design for BMW, and which BMW built.

The Opel Kadett C Aero was produced from 1976 to 1978, with a Baur top. Then there was the Baur TC3 of 1987, which was stopped by the production of the BMW Z1. The cars were aimed at the same market.

Even though BMW now had its own E36 convertible, E36 Baur TC4 conversions were still available, although this iteration was based on the E36 four-door and featured fixed door frames.

The TC through TC4 cars can be built at any time, on an aftermarket basis; the owner supplies the car to be converted.

All Porsche 959s were actually produced at Baur, not at Porsche, on an assembly line with Porsche inspectors overseeing the finished bodies. Most of Porsche's special-order interior leatherwork was also done by the workers at Baur.

At one time all suspension components for the Audi Quattro suspension unique to that model were produced by robotic welding equipment at Baur.

In 2002, the Baur G-Cabrio XL, a convertible based on the Mercedes-Benz G-Class, was shown at the Geneva Auto Show.

References

External links
IVM Automotive: Baur G-Cabrio XL

Coachbuilders of Germany
BMW
Convertible top suppliers
Manufacturing companies based in Stuttgart
Manufacturing companies established in 1910
1910 establishments in Germany
BS 4994. BS 4994 (formally: British Standard 4994:1987) is the "specification for the design and construction of vessels and storage tanks in reinforced plastics".  It specifies a code of practice for use by manufacturers of such containers. With the publication of BS EN 13121-3, BS 4994:1987 Specification for design and construction of vessels and tanks in reinforced plastics is declared obsolescent, which will still cover those tanks still in service as tanks made from GRP are generally accepted to have a long working life.

Dual laminate construction, simple FRP with glass mats, or a combination of unidirectional filament winding are common.

DUAL LAMINATE : A thermoplastic lining material, preferably 3mm to 5mm thick sheet functions as a corrosion barrier. This thermoplastic liner is not considered to contribute mechanical strength. FRP which is constructed over this lining provides the strength requirements for materials to withstand design conditions like pressure, vacuum, hydrostatic load, etc. The choice of thermoplastic is based on the chemical corrosion requirement of the equipment. PP, PVC, PTFE, ECTFE, CPVC, PVDF are used as common thermoplastic liners.

FRP (GRP): Glass mats in the form of chopped strand mat and woven roving is most common in hand lay-up method. These mats are laid on the mold and impregnated with 'initiated' resins like polyester, epoxy, vinyl ester, bisphenol epoxy vinyl ester, etc. The choice of resin is based on the chemical corrosion requirement of the equipment.

An earlier version of the specification was BS 4994:1973.

NEW LOAD UNITS: It is to avoid the uncertainty associated with specifying the thickness alone, that BS4994 introduced the concept of "unit properties". It is property per unit width, per unit mass of reinforcement. For example, UNIT STRENGTH is defined as load in Newtons per millimeter (of laminate width) for a layer consisting of 1 kg of glass per square meter, i.e., the unit is N/mm per kg/m2 glass.

This standard still remains as most popular reference material for FRP tanks and vessels

Further reading
 
  — a case study of the design process of a cylindrical vessel, using the BS 4994 methodology

See also
 FRP tanks and vessels

04994
Paul Torgersen. Paul Ernest Torgersen (October 13, 1931 – March 29, 2015) was the 14th President of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.

Background
Torgersen was born in Staten Island, New York. He earned a B.S. degree in industrial engineering from Lehigh University in 1953. Subsequently, he went to Ohio State University, where he received an M.S. degree in industrial engineering in 1956 and a Ph.D. degree in 1959.

Torgersen came to Virginia Tech in 1967 as a professor and the head of the Department of Industrial Engineering. In 1970, he was appointed dean of the College of Engineering, a post he held for over 20 years. He led the College of Engineering to its place of national distinction – being ranked 17th in the nation among public and private institutions – and then served as president of the Corporate Research Center. He was interim vice president for development and university relations. He also briefly served as interim president of Virginia Tech after William Lavery stepped down in 1987 prior to James McComas' arrival in 1988.  He was named president of Tech in late 1993 after McComas stepped down and served until January 2000. He taught at least one three-hour course each semester for the past 43 years.

Torgersen was a Fellow of the Institute of Industrial Engineers and the American Society of Engineering Education.  In 2001 he received the Institute’s highest recognition – the Frank and Lillian Gilbreth Award and earlier, in 1991, had received ASEE’s Lamme Medal.  He received Tech’s first Affirmative Action Award, its 1992 Sporn Award for Teaching Excellence and was named Virginia’s Engineering Educator of the Year in 1992. He served from 1979-81 as chairman of the engineering Deans’ Council (the national organization of engineering deans).

Honors and awards
Torgersen received the Benjamin G. Lamme Meritorious Achievement Medal from the Ohio State University in 1990. He also was awarded an honorary D.Eng. degree by Lehigh University in 1997.

On October 6, 2000, with the completion of the 28-million-dollar Communications and Information Technology facility, a dedication was held and the building was named Paul E. Torgersen Hall.

Death
Torgersen gave his final lecture on May 7, 2014 to his Theory of Organization class. He died on March 30, 2015. His wife, Dorothea, to whom he was married for sixty years, had died in October 2014.

References

External links
National Academy of Engineering member directories
Torgersen among governor's appointments to Commission on Higher Education

1931 births
2015 deaths
American operations researchers
Ohio State University College of Engineering alumni
Lehigh University alumni
Ohio State University faculty
Oklahoma State University faculty
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
People from Staten Island
Place of death missing
Fellows of the American Society for Engineering Education
Scientists from New York (state)
George Clifford Sziklai. George Clifford Sziklai (July 9, 1909 – September 9, 1998) was a Hungarian-American renowned electronics engineer, who among many other contributions to radio and TV electronics invented the transistor configuration named after him, the Sziklai pair.

Educated at the University of Budapest and the Technical University Munich, Sziklai emigrated to New York in 1930. His long career included stations at Radio Corporation of America and Westinghouse Electric Corporation before he joined Lockheed's Palo Alto Research Laboratory in 1967.

Sziklai, who held some 160 patents including color television transmission, is also credited with constructing the first Image Orthicon television camera and inventing a high-speed elevator.

References

Hungarian electrical engineers
20th-century Hungarian inventors
1909 births
1998 deaths
Engineers from California
People from Los Altos, California
Technical University of Munich alumni
20th-century American engineers
Hungarian emigrants to the United States
Viscosity (programming). In object oriented programming, viscosity refers to the ease at which a developer can add design-preserving code to a system.  If it is easier to add a hack than it is to add code that fits into the program's design, then the system has high viscosity.  If it is easy to add new code to the program while maintaining the design, then the program has low viscosity.

The name is a metaphor for viscosity in liquids.

See also
 Viscosity, a measurement of resistance to change for the design of notations.

References

Object-oriented programming
Viscosity (disambiguation). Viscosity (commonly perceived as "thickness", or resistance to pouring) is the measure of the resistance of a fluid to deform under either shear stress or extensional stress.

Viscosity can also refer to:
 A cognitive dimension for the design of notations measuring resistance to change.
 Viscosity (programming) - a concept in object oriented programming, which refers to the ease at which a developer can add design-preserving code to a system.
7600. 7600 may refer to:
 The year 7600, in 8th millennium.
 7600 Vacchi, a main belt asteroid
 Remington Model 7600 rifle

Technology 
 CDC 7600, a supercomputer
 Cisco 7600, a network router
 GeForce 7600 series, a line of graphics processing units from Nvidia
 Nokia 7600, a mobile phone released in 2003
 Power Macintosh 7600
 Radeon RX 7600 series, a line of graphics processing units from AMD
 RTM build number of Windows 7 operating system

Transport 
 Tokyu 7600 series, a Japanese train series
 Aviation Transponder code for Lost Communications.
HIMEM.SYS. HIMEM.SYS is a DOS device driver which allows DOS programs to store data in extended memory according to the Extended Memory Specification (XMS). The memory beyond the first 1 MB of address space is required by Windows 9x/Me in order to load; therefore, these versions of Microsoft Windows require HIMEM.SYS to be loaded to be able to run.

HIMEM.SYS was first included with Windows 2.1 (1988).

In MS-DOS 5.0 (1991) and later, HIMEM.SYS can be used to load the DOS kernel code into the High Memory Area (HMA) to increase the amount of available conventional memory by specifying DOS=HIGH in CONFIG.SYS.

In DR DOS 5.0 (1990) and 6.0 (1991), the driver is named HIDOS.SYS rather than HIMEM.SYS, like the corresponding DCONFIG.SYS or CONFIG.SYS directive HIDOS=ON.

In FreeDOS, the matching file is named HIMEMX.SYS and can be loaded from the FreeDOS configuration file named FDCONFIG.SYS or CONFIG.SYS. It is also plug compatible with MS-DOS HIMEM.SYS, offering additional control parameters.

In Windows 3.1 and Windows 9x, there is also a command-line loadable version of HIMEM.SYS called XMSMMGR.EXE. It can load extended memory services after the system boots into the command prompt. This allows Windows Setup to load even if HIMEM.SYS is not loaded.

The hard bug exists in recent versions of HIMEM.SYS from MS-DOS and Windows 9x for handling /a20control:off option causing a hang-up. There is an unofficial patch for this.

History
The major version number of HIMEM.SYS indicates the Extended Memory Specification (XMS) version compatibility. e.g., HIMEM.SYS 3.07 is compatible with XMS version 3.0.

See also
 Conventional memory
 Extended memory
 High memory area
 Upper memory area
 EMM386
 Memory management
 LOADALL

References

DOS files
DOS drivers
DOS memory management
Windows files