omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Ardent-class ship of the line. The Ardent-class ships of the line were a class of seven 64-gun third rates, designed for the Royal Navy by Sir Thomas Slade.

Design
Slade based the design of the Ardent class on the captured French ship .

Ships

Builder: Blades, Hull
Ordered: 16 December 1761
Launched: 13 August 1764
Fate: Sold out of the service, 1784

Builder: Chatham Dockyard
Ordered: 11 January 1763
Launched: 10 December 1768
Fate: Broken up, 1815

Builder: Adams, Bucklers Hard
Ordered: 8 April 1777
Launched: 10 April 1781
Fate: Wrecked, 1809

Builder: Perry, Blackwall Yard
Ordered: 19 February 1778
Launched: 5 June 1780
Fate: Broken up, 1816

Builder: Raymond, Northam
Ordered: 10 December 1778
Launched: 27 December 1784
Fate: Broken up, 1814

Builder: Adams, Bucklers Hard
Ordered: 3 August 1780
Launched: July 1784
Fate: Broken up, 1816

Builder: Hilhouse, Bristol
Ordered: 14 November 1782
Launched: 28 September 1785
Fate: Wrecked, 1799

References

Lavery, Brian (1983) The Ship of the Line – Volume 1: The development of the battlefleet 1650–1850. Conway Maritime Press. .

 
Ship of the line classes
Design layout record. A design layout record (DLR) or circuit layout record (CLR) is used in the telecommunication industry to describe the detailed design path of a completed circuit, including all equipment and network components from one end (often referred as A-Loc or A-end) of the circuit to the other (Z-Loc or Z-end).

It may be detailed enough to include location, floor, row, rack, panel and port for each circuit component or it may simply refer to another previously engineered circuit.  A DLR may describe an end-to-end circuit that comprises physical or virtual circuits.  As an example, a physical facility would include a panel, rack and port, while a virtual facility may be a channel on a channelized circuit, such as a T1 on a previously engineered DS3.

Explanation
There are two parts to a circuit:
 Physical design/path
 Logical design/path

The design team is responsible to find the best, lowest-cost path for the circuit being designed, and get the physical line provisioned. When their role is complete, the order is passed to another team who take care of establishing logical design and accessibility of the circuit. Every network element that is part of the circuit needs to be built and checked. The DLR provides a systematic way to identify the network elements and their attributes. With the aid of the DLR, a team installs the circuit and tests it to check that it meets the customer's specifications.

There are many ways to prepare a DLR. Many include:
 Network elements, port and channel assignment
 Cross connects: hard and soft
 Rings
 Location codes for sites where equipment is housed
 IP address, slots for network elements and other fine details as such

See also
 Electronic circuit design

References

Telecommunications engineering
Cessna EC-1. The Cessna Model EC-1 was a 1930s American single-seat, free-floating high tourer glider built by the Cessna Aircraft Company in the early 1930s as a response to the Great Depression. Designed by Eldon Cessna, it was a single-seat, free-floating high glider based on the CG-2 training glider, with a 26 hp Cleone engine. Although it was not put into serial production, the EC-1 played a role in Cessna's eventual success.

Design and development
Following the onset of the Great Depression following the Wall Street crash of 1929 in the United States, Cessna Aircraft encountered significant challenges in selling their aircraft. To address this issue, the company pursued the development of a small, cost-effective airplane that would be economical to operate. The project was led by Eldon Cessna, the son of Clyde Cessna, who was the company's leader at the time. The design of the aircraft was based on the CG-2 training glider.

In 1930, the company completed the first prototype of this aircraft, designated as the EC-1 and registered as N133V. The EC-1 was a s equipped with a 25 hp Cleone engine. A second aircraft of this type, registered as N199V, was also produced shortly after. The EC-2, a two-seat version of the aircraft, was subsequently developed and equipped with a 30 hp (22 kW) Aeronca E-107A engine. Only two prototypes, registered as N403W and N405W and painted red, were constructed under this designation. These prototypes were commonly referred to as "Baby Cessnas". Cessna did not proceed with serial production of the EC-1 or EC-2, as operations were suspended until 1934. The sole surviving EC-1 is currently on display at the Reynolds-Alberta Museum.

Specifications

See also

References

EC-1
Single-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft
1930s United States civil utility aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Cessna EC-2. The Cessna Model EC-2 was a 1930s American two-seat tourer built by the Cessna Aircraft Company. They developed the Model EC-2, a low-cost aircraft, as a response to the market downturn caused by the Great Depression. Only one prototype was built and it did not go into production. A single-seat version, the Model EC-1, was also developed.

Design and development
Cessna Aircraft was suffering in the depression and downturn in the economy following the Wall Street crash. Eldon Cessna, the son of Clyde Cessna designed a low-cost, cheap-to-operate aircraft to meet the new conditions. The Model EC-2 was powered by an Aeronca 30 hp (22 kW) E-107A engine. It did not go into production and one of the prototype was cancelled while the other crashed years later when a student stalled it with an instructor.  As a first step in the project, a single-seat version of the Model EC-1 was developed as an ongoing evolution of the Cessna CG-2 Primary Glider, using small engines. Archival evidence so far indicates only two were produced, N403W and N405W. The plane has picked up the nickname "the Baby Cessna."  The color was red with a creme side stripe.

Specifications

See also

References

EC-2
Single-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft
1930s United States civil utility aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Cessna CG-2. The Cessna Model CG-2 is an American primary glider built by the Cessna Aircraft Company in the early 1930s.

Design and development
In 1930, the Cessna Aircraft Company was suffering from the effects of the Great Depression, which drastically reduced civil aircraft sales. Clyde Cessna, the company's principal founder, needed a solution. Clyde's son Eldon Cessna suggested building gliders, which were simple and cheap to construct, and would keep the company afloat until customers resumed purchasing more advanced (and expensive) powered aircraft.

The result was a simple primary glider known as the Model CG-2, known internally as the Cessna Glider, model 2, introduced in 1930 and inspired by German primary gliders of the era. It was marketed by Cessna via catalog at a price of only $398 ; one reason for its low price was that it was sold as a kit, crated with an assembly manual and a bungee cord launch system. The advertising campaign promised that "man might fly first, without power, in safety"; another advertisement stated that "glider pilots will be future transport pilots".

Production figures for the Model CG-2 are not precisely known. Cessna records show that only 54 CG-2 gliders were sold; however, some sources state that Cessna manufactured at least 300 CG-2s.

CG-2 sales generated sufficient funds to keep Cessna operating until 1932, when the company shut down for a period of two years.

Operational Usage 
Once the CG-2 had been assembled the glider could be launched via the bungee cord method, as supplied with the glider, or it could be towed by an automobile or airplane.

Longer flights could also be achieved by launching the glider off a hill or ridge.

Surviving Examples

There are two known examples of a CG-2 on display in a museum.

 One example is on display at the EAA Airventure Museum in Oshkosh, Wisconsin.
 A single example resides on display at the Museum of Flight in Seattle, Washington.

Variants
Cessna CPG-1 - A motorized variant using a 10 hp (7.4 kW) Cleone engine.
Cessna CS-1 - A sailplane variant.
Cessna EC-2 - A small one-seat monoplane derivative, with enclosed cockpit, powered.

Gallery

Specifications

References

Citations

Bibliography

External links
AirVenture Museum website
 Museum of Flight (Seattle) website

1930s United States civil trainer aircraft
CG-02
Glider aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1930
Parasol-wing aircraft
Cessna CW-6. The Cessna Model CW-6 was a 1920s American six-seat touring aircraft built by the Cessna Aircraft Company.

Design and development
Following development of the four-seat Model A the company designed a six-seat aircraft, the Model CW-6. The aircraft first flew in November 1928, powered by a 220 hp (164 kW) Wright Whirlwind J-5 radial engine. The aircraft was displayed at the 1929 Auto Show in Wichita, Kansas. A scaled-down four-seat version, the Cessna DC-6, was also developed.

Specifications (CW-6)

References

CW-06
Single-engined tractor aircraft
1920s United States civil utility aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Vehicles introduced in 1928
Aircraft first flown in 1928
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Walter G. Roman. Walter Guy Roman (October 31, 1905 – May 31, 1992), was born in Aspen, Colorado and died in Gaithersburg, Maryland.  Walter was a son of Erick Roman (born in Finland about 1862) and Selma Coles (born in Finland about 1870).

Roman graduated from the University of Colorado at Boulder in 1928 with a B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering.  He married in 1934 and had two daughters.

1928–29 - Roman worked for Westinghouse Electric Corporation as a tester.
1929–31 - Roman was an electrical engineer at Westinghouse in East Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
1931–34 - Roman was in charge of the high voltage lab at Westinghouse.
1934–40 - Roman did impulse design engineering at Westinghouse.
1940–41 - Roman was manager of switch and fuse design at Westinghouse.
1942–45 - Roman was manager of calutron uranium isotope separator design for the Manhattan Project under a contract with Westinghouse Electric..
1945–51 - Roman left Westinghouse and worked for the Mototrol Engineering division in Buffalo, New York.
1951–59 - Roman returned to Westinghouse and was an advisory engineer at Westinghouse's Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory in suburban Pittsburgh.
1959–70 - Roman was manager of nuclear reactor engineering for the Nerva Project at the nearby Westinghouse Astronuclear Laboratory.

After September 1942 when General Leslie Groves was appointed as the military director of the Manhattan Project, Groves funded design and construction of a gigantic array of calutrons for separation of uranium isotopes.  The US Army Corps of Engineers contracted with several manufacturing companies including Westinghouse Electric then in East Pittsburgh, PA.  Westinghouse assigned Walter Roman to be Manager of separator design.

Roman, along with the people in his design department and drafting unit (headed by Robert Hile Best) were relocated to Berkeley, California near the Radiation Lab at the University of California, Berkeley where Walter Roman worked with physicists Ernest Lawrence, Robert Lyster Thornton, and Westinghouse physicist Edward Condon.

After preliminary calutron designs were tested at Berkeley using Lawrence's cyclotron, Westinghouse began manufacturing calutrons for installation at Oak Ridge, Tennessee, where the Y-12 plant containing hundreds of calutrons was being constructed. In 1943, Walter Roman's design department was relocated to the Oak Ridge plant because numerous redesigns of calutron parts were necessary.

In 1963 Walter Roman received a Special Patent Award from Westinghouse.

Roman was a member of the American Nuclear Society, a member of the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), and a member of the American Institute for Aeronautics and Astronautics.

Roman designed nuclear engine rockets for space capsules, control rods for nuclear reactors, electronic control circuits, and nuclear reactors.

References 
American Men & Women of Science. Physical and biological sciences. 12th edition, Bowker, 1971–1973, vol. 5, page 5330, listed under "Roman, Walter Guy".

1905 births
1992 deaths
People from Aspen, Colorado
20th-century American engineers
Manhattan Project people
20th-century American inventors
Institute of Measurement and Control. The Institute of Measurement and Control (InstMC) is a professional organization for individuals and companies that operate within the measurement and control theory industries. It was founded in 1944 and incorporated by the Royal Charter in 1975. Its objective is to advance the science and practice of measurement and control technologies and their various applications. The institute is both a learned society and a professional qualifying body. InstMC is registered with the Engineering Council and is one of the licensed member institutions allowed to register Chartered Engineers (CEng)

The institute is the UK member body of the International Measurement Confederation (IMEKO) and is the secretariat to the United Kingdom Automatic Control Council (UKACC).

Special Interest Groups 
This Institute currently has a range of Special Interest Groups that organize conferences, seminars and training courses on subjects in the measurement and control fields. 

Current Special Interest groups include:
 Cybersecurity
 Measurement
 Functional Safety
 Flow Measurement
 Standards
 Automation and Control
 Digital Transformation
 Systems

Past Presidents 
Notable former presidents of the Institute of Measurement and Control include:
 Sir George Thomson MA FRS (1944–48)
 Sir Harold Hartley GC VO FRS (1957–58)
 L. Finkelstein MSc (1980–81)
 MJH Sterling BEng Phd DEng (1988–89)
 Prof W S Bardo FREng HonFInstMC (2010–12)
 Lord Oxburgh KBE FRS Hon FREng (2012 - 2014)
 Prof Sarah Spurgeon OBE

Affiliations 
 International Measurement Confederation (IMEKO)
 United Kingdom Automatic Control Council (UKACC)
 National Physical Laboratory (NPL)
 Trade Association for Instrumentation, Control, Automation and Laboratory Technology (GAMBICA)
 Worshipful Company of Scientific Instrument Makers (SIM)
 British Standards Institute (BSI)
 Parliamentary and Scientific Committee

See also
 Information engineering
 Control Engineering
 Instrumentation Engineering

References

Further reading 
 Engineering Council, UK.   ECUK Institution Details .  Accessed on 13 July 2007
 Institute of Measurement and Control.  History and Heritage.  Accessed on 13 July 2007

External links 
 Institute of Measurement and Control

1944 establishments in the United Kingdom
ECUK Licensed Members
Engineering societies based in the United Kingdom
Organisations based in the London Borough of Camden
Scientific organizations established in 1944
Jorge Gutiérrez Vera. Jorge Gutiérrez Vera is the former director of Luz y Fuerza del Centro. Holds a degree in electrical engineering at the Instituto Politécnico Nacional and holds an MA in Energy Saving Systems from Universidad Anáhuac. He took various courses in Electrical and Electronic Engineering at Heriott-Watt University in Edinburgh, Scotland.

His career
He was Director General of the firm called International Energy System in Monterrey (2001-2006). 
He has been president and founder of various firms in the private electricity sector such as Energía del Siglo 21 and Energy Works, in which prominent engineers, such as Jose Manuel Muñoz, Tomas Soto, and Oscar G. Shelly worked under his direction.
He was also President and CEO of AGC Manufacturing Co., in Broken Arrow, Oklahoma.
He served as Technical Advisor to the Energy Secretariat (1997-1999).
He was Assistant Director General of Luz y Fuerza del Centro (1982-1992).
He held various posts in the Federal Electricity Commission such as Engineering Planning Manager, Distribution Manager, Division Manager of the Central East Division of Puebla, Technical Assistant in the Central-South Division, Distribution Superintendent and Head of the Rates Office of the Northern Division (1966-1982). 
Since 1973, he has published several books on electricity and renewable energy use in Mexico.
He has delivered speeches at several World Energy Congresses, and various seminars in the electricity sector.

External links
Federal Electricity Commission Website 
Luz y Fuerza del Centro Website 

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Mexican engineers
Vertol VZ-2. The Vertol VZ-2 (or Model 76) is a research aircraft built in the United States in 1957 to investigate the tiltwing approach to vertical take-off and landing.

Design and development
The aircraft had a fuselage of tubular framework (originally uncovered) and accommodation for its pilot in a helicopter-like bubble canopy. The T-tail incorporated small ducted fans to act as thrusters for greater control at low speeds.

Ground tests began in April 1957 and on 13 August, the VZ-2 took off for the first time in hover mode only. On 23 July 1958, the aircraft made its first full transition from vertical flight to horizontal flight. By the time the test program ended in 1965, the VZ-2 had made some 450 flights, including 34 full transitions. The aircraft has been preserved by the National Air and Space Museum in storage at the Paul E. Garber Preservation, Restoration, and Storage Facility.

Specifications

See also

References

 
 

Z-02, Vertol
Tiltwing aircraft
VZ-2
NASA aircraft
Single-engined twin-prop tractor aircraft
Turboshaft-powered aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1957
T-tail aircraft
Robot Battle (Macintosh game). Robot Battle is a programming game developed in 1991 by Blue Cow Software for the Apple Macintosh where players design and code adaptable battling robots. Its idea is similar to RobotWar. The concept of the game was invented by Toby Smith in a BASIC program "when people with 512K of RAM and two floppy drives were power-users", as he states in the game manual.

The game consists of a battleground and two robots. Before the game starts, each robot is preprogrammed using a BASIC-like language called RIPPLE ("Robot Instructional Programming Language"). 0–99 humans can also be placed into the battleground to throw the robots with hand grenades. The programs are checked for syntax and the game starts. The robot to survive the longer is the winner.

The RIPPLE language programs consist of logic commands, such as flow of control statements; and action commands, that actually make the robot perform an action, such as fire a weapon. To perform one action command takes the same time as to perform 99 logic commands.

External links

 Demo version of Robot Battle as a StuffIt archive in FUNET's FTP archive of old Macintosh games
 Full game as a StuffIt archive from Macintosh Garden's archive of old Macintosh software

1991 video games
Classic Mac OS games
Classic Mac OS-only games
Programming games
Single-player video games
Video games about robots
Video games developed in the United States
SELENE-2. SELENE-2 , or the Selenological and Engineering Explorer 2, is a cancelled Japanese robotic mission to the Moon that would have included an orbiter, a lander and a rover. It was intended as a successor to the 2007 SELENE (Kaguya) lunar orbiter.

Instead of SELENE-2, JAXA is working with the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) to plan a joint mission called the Lunar Polar Exploration Mission (LUPEX). The mission would send an uncrewed lunar lander and rover to explore the south pole region of the Moon no earlier than 2026. JAXA is likely to provide the under-development H3 launch vehicle and the rover, while ISRO would be providing the lander.

Overview

The lander would have targeted lava tubes and other permanently shadowed areas, which function as cold trap volatiles such as water. Water ice could be processed by future missions to produce spacecraft propellant (LOX/H2).

Orbiter
The orbiter would have a mass of  700 kg.

Lander
The lander would have a mass of 1,000 kg, and would be able to deliver up to 340 kg of payload, including the rover. Its mission would last two weeks.

Rover
The rover would have a mass of 100 kg, and it would operate for two weeks.

Penetrators 
One option JAXA was investigating in 2006, was to integrate a small data relay satellite and penetrators into the mission.

See also 

 Hiten (MUSES-A)
 Lunar-A
 SELENE (Kaguya)
 Smart Lander for Investigating Moon (SLIM)

References

External links 
 Manabu Kato, The Current Status of the Japanese Penetrator Mission Lunar-A, ISAS/JAXA,   Information about the penetrator tests.

Cancelled space probes
Missions to the Moon
Japanese Lunar Exploration Program
Lunar rovers
Robots of Japan
Japanese space probes
Bunsen reaction. The Bunsen reaction is a chemical reaction that describes water, sulfur dioxide, and iodine reacting to form sulfuric acid and hydrogen iodide:

 2H2O + SO2 + I2 → H2SO4 + 2HI

This reaction is the first step in the sulfur-iodine cycle to produce hydrogen. The products separate into two aqueous layers, with the sulfuric acid floating on top, and a mixture of hydrogen iodide and unreacted iodine on the bottom. While the two layers are generally considered immiscible, small amounts of sulfuric acid may still remain in the hydrogen iodide layer and vice versa. This can lead to unwanted side reactions, one of which precipitates out sulfur, a potential obstruction to the reaction vessel. The reaction is named after Robert Bunsen. He did not discover the reaction, but he described it in detail in 1853.

A similar reaction is the basis for Karl Fischer titration.

Note that at sufficiently high temperatures, concentrated H2SO4 may react with HI, giving I2, SO2 and H2O, which reverses the reaction. Many chemical processes are reversible reactions, such as ammonia production from N2 and H2, and removing the desired product will shift equilibrium to the right of the equation favoring reaction products as per the Le Chatelier principle.

References

Inorganic reactions
Name reactions
Egiin Gol. The Egiin Gol () is a river in the Khövsgöl and Bulgan aimags in northern Mongolia. It is the only outflow of Lake Khövsgöl and a left tributary of the Selenge river. It is  long, and has a drainage basin of . Wooden bridges exist near Khatgal and in Tünel sum, and a concrete bridge has been built in Erdenebulgan. In Bulgan aimag there is a bridge between Teshig and Khutag-Öndör sums.

Since the early 1990s there have been efforts to build a hydroelectric dam on this river. These attempts, however, have been opposed by several academic communities: archaeology because of the rich and not yet fully explored archaeological sites in area; geology because the area may have earthquakes.  A dam would also displace parts of the local population as it floods some pastures and homesteads.

See also
List of rivers of Mongolia

References

Bulgan Province
Rivers of Mongolia
Geography of Khövsgöl Province