omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Eötvös rule. The Eötvös rule, named after the Hungarian physicist Loránd (Roland) Eötvös (1848–1919) enables the prediction of the surface tension of an arbitrary liquid pure substance at all temperatures. The density, molar mass and the critical temperature of the liquid have to be known. At the critical point the surface tension is zero.

The first assumption of the Eötvös rule is:

1. The surface tension is a linear function of the temperature.
This assumption is approximately fulfilled for most known liquids. When plotting the surface tension versus the temperature a fairly straight line can be seen which has a surface tension of zero at the critical temperature.

The Eötvös rule also gives a relation of the surface tension behaviour of different liquids in respect to each other:

2. The temperature dependence of the surface tension can be plotted for all liquids in a way that the data collapses to a single master curve. To do so either the molar mass, the density, or the molar volume of the corresponding liquid has to be known.

More accurate versions are found on the main page for surface tension.

The Eötvös rule 

If V is the molar volume and Tc the critical temperature of a liquid the surface tension γ is given by

where k is a constant valid for all liquids, with a value of 2.1×10−7 J/(K·mol2/3).

More precise values can be gained when considering that the line normally passes the temperature axis 6 K before the critical point:

The molar volume V is given by the molar mass M and the density ρ

The term  is also referred to as the "molar surface tension" γmol :

A useful representation that prevents the use of the unit mol−2/3 is given by the Avogadro constant NA :

As John Lennard-Jones and Corner showed in 1940 by means of the statistical mechanics the constant k′ is nearly equal to the Boltzmann constant.

Water 
For water, the following equation is valid between 0 and 100 °C.

History 

As a student, Eötvös started to research surface tension and developed a new method for its determination. The Eötvös rule was first found phenomenologically and published in 1886. In 1893 William Ramsay and Shields showed an improved version considering that the line normally passes the temperature axis 6 K before the critical point. John Lennard-Jones and Corner published (1940) a derivation of the equation by means of statistical mechanics. In 1945 E. A. Guggenheim gave a further improved variant of the equation.

References

Physical chemistry
Thermodynamic equations
Walter Venus. The Walter Venus was a seven-cylinder, air-cooled, radial engine for aircraft use, built in Czechoslovakia in the late 1920s.

Applications
 Aero A.34
 ANBO V
 Savoia-Marchetti S.56A

Specifications

See also

References

 
 Němeček, V. (1968). Československá letadla. Praha: Naše Vojsko.
 moraviation.com

1920s aircraft piston engines
Venus
Aircraft air-cooled radial piston engines
Armstrong Siddeley Genet Major. The Armstrong Siddeley Genet Major is a British five-cylinder (later seven-cylinder), air-cooled, radial engine for aircraft, designed and built by Armstrong Siddeley and first run in 1928. It developed 140 horsepower (104 kW). In Royal Air Force use the seven-cylinder version was known as the Civet I. The Feliform names used are in line with company convention, the Genet and Civet both being large cat-like carnivores.

Variants and applications

Genet Major I
The Genet Major 1 was a five-cylinder engine of  that was closely related to the Genet I but with increased bore and stroke.

 Avro Avian
 Avro 619
 Avro 624
 Avro 638 Club Cadet
 Cierva C.19 Autogiro
 Civilian Coupé
 Saro Cutty Sark
 Southern Martlet
 Westland IV

Genet Major 1A (Civet I)

The Genet Major 1A (or Civet I in RAF service) was a seven-cylinder development of the Genet Major I, nominally rated at .

 ANBO V (upgrade)
 Avro Avian
 Avro Cadet
 Avro Rota
 Cierva C.30A Autogiro
 RWD-6 (not specified 7-cylinder Genet Major sub-type)
 Saro Cutty Sark
 SEA-1
 Westland Wessex

Genet Major III
As Genet Major IA but with cylinders using cast rocker boxes.

Genet Major IV
A geared propeller drive version of the Genet Major IA, .

 ANBO 51

Surviving engines
An Armstrong Siddeley Genet Major powers Southern Martlet (G-AAYX) which is owned and operated by the Shuttleworth Collection at Old Warden and flies at home air displays throughout the summer months.
An Armstrong Siddeley Genet Major 1A engine also powers the only surviving Civilian Aircraft Co.Ltd. 1931 vintage Civilian Coupe 02 monoplane (G-ABNT), which is airworthy and owned and operated by Shipping and Airlines Ltd based at Biggin Hill Airport, England.

Engines on display
 An Armstrong Siddeley Genet Major IA is on display at the Royal Air Force Museum Cosford.
  An Armstrong Siddeley Genet Major IV can be seen in Polish Aviation Museum in Kraków.
Aviation Heritage Museum (Western Australia)

Specifications (Genet Major IA/Civet I)

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

 
 Lumsden, Alec. British Piston Engines and their Aircraft. Marlborough, Wiltshire: Airlife Publishing, 2003. .

Genet Major
1920s aircraft piston engines
Aircraft air-cooled radial piston engines
Institution of Railway Signal Engineers. The Institution of Railway Signal Engineers (IRSE) is a worldwide professional body for all those engaged or interested in railway signalling and telecommunications (S&T) and allied disciplines. Half its members are in the UK and half are outside it.

Local sections 
The IRSE is based in London, with international sections in:
 Australasia
 Hong Kong
 India
 Japan
 The Netherlands
 North America
 Singapore
 Southern Africa
 Switzerland
 Malaysia
 Indonesia
 France
 Thailand

In the UK:
 London and South East
 Midland and North Western
 Plymouth
 Scottish
 Western
 York

There is also a Minor Railways section specialising in railways that are not part of the national network, including industrial, tourist and heritage railways.

Additionally, a Younger Members section aims to contribute to and improve the development of new entrants into the sector. Benefits include the co-ordination of a number of events each year.

Membership grades 
Membership grade depends on a combination of the member's experience and any formal qualifications.

 Affiliate
 Accredited Technician
 Associate Member
 Member
 Fellow
 Companion

Headquarters 
The headquarters of the IRSE is in Westminster, London, in the offices of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers.
The Chief Executive is Blane Judd BEng FCGI CEng FIET

Notable Members 
Elsie Louisa Winterton became the IRSE's first woman member in 1923, whilst working as a draughtswoman for the Great Western Railway.

IRSE Licensing Scheme 
The IRSE Licensing Scheme was introduced in 1994 as a means of competence certification for people undertaking work in the railway signalling and telecommunications industry. Over 50 licence categories cover the design, installation, testing, maintenance and engineering management of both railway signalling and telecommunications. Possession of a licence (or evidence that you are working towards obtaining a licence) is essential for people who want to carry out S&T engineering work for Network Rail or London Underground. Network Rail and London Underground require themselves and their contractors and consultants to ensure that all S&T engineers engaged in safety-critical and safety-related work possess IRSE licences.

Publications 
 IRSE News  – an 11-edition journal featuring technical articles and papers and articles of general interest to the signalling community.

See also
 Railway Industry Association

References

External links 
 
 Unofficial discussion forum for those considering taking the IRSE professional examination.
 Minor Railways section library of guidelines aimed at minor and heritage railways.

1912 establishments in the United Kingdom
Institution of Mechanical Engineers
Organisations based in the City of Westminster
Organizations established in 1912
Railway Signal Engineers
Rail infrastructure in the United Kingdom
Railway signalling
Keetch–Byram drought index. The Keetch–Byram drought index (known as KBDI), created by John Keetch and George Byram in 1968 for the United States Department of Agriculture's Forest Service, is a measure of drought conditions. It is commonly used for the purpose of predicting the likelihood and severity of wildfire. It is calculated based on rainfall, air temperature, and other meteorological factors.

The KBDI is an estimate of the soil moisture deficit, which is the amount of water necessary to bring the soil moisture to its full capacity. A high soil moisture deficit means there is little water available for evaporation or plant transpiration. This occurs in conditions of extended drought, and has significant effects on fire behaviour.

In the United States, it is expressed as a range from 0 to 800, referring to hundredths of an inch of deficit in water availability; in countries that use the metric system, it is expressed from 0 to 200, referring to millimetres.

See also
National Fire Danger Rating System
Palmer drought index
Standardised Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index
McArthur Forest Fire Danger Index

 1988 revision of the paper, "A drought index for forest fire control.". http://www.srs.fs.fed.us/pubs/rp/rp_se273.pdf

References

Droughts
Eponymous indices
Hazard scales
Hydrology
Wildfires
Meteorological indices
Cooper Wiring Devices. Cooper Wiring Devices is a division of Cooper Industries and provides a range of residential, institutional and industrial grade electrical devices and wiring for consumers and building contractors. The company is the successor to both Arrow-Hart & Hegeman and Eagle Electric, both of which Cooper Industries had acquired. The Arrow-Hart brand is still used by Cooper Wiring Devices for some of their commercial products.

Cooper Wiring's key competitors today include Hubbell, Leviton, Legrand and Lutron Electronics Company.

Cooper Industries has been acquired by Eaton in 2012.

References

External links

Electrical wiring and construction supplies manufacturers
Building materials companies of the United States
Gardner Bender. Gardner Bender is a manufacturer of professional electricians' tools and supplies. The company has a long history, starting as the brainchild of Jim Gardner, a master mechanic in a Milwaukee aluminum can plant who spent his free time as an inventor. In 1959, after watching the electricians at the plant struggle with an inferior device, Gardner invented an aluminum pipe bender so promising that he decided to manufacture it himself. Today, Gardner Bender manufactures electrical tools, voltage testers, wire management products and other professional equipment.

External links 
Official Website

Electrical tool manufacturers
Tool manufacturing companies of the United States
Electrical wiring and construction supplies manufacturers
Building materials companies of the United States
Companies based in Milwaukee
MIPR. MIPR may refer to:

 Military Interdepartmental Purchase Request, a logistics process of the United States military
 Masters in Intellectual Property Rights, a post-graduate degree programme of National Law University, Jodhpur
 Ministry of Industry and Primary Resources, a department of the Government of Brunei
 IEEE International Workshop on Multimedia Information Processing and Retrieval (IEEE-MIPR),  an annual conference run by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
 Manhattan Institute for Policy Research
Thomas & Betts. Thomas & Betts is a designer and manufacturer of connectors and components for electrical and communication markets.  Thomas and Betts was founded in 1898 by two young engineers from Princeton University, Robert M. Thomas and Hobart D. Betts. They formed an agency for selling conduit to electrical distributors during a time when incandescent electric lighting was first introduced to New York City.  Thomas & Betts is notable as the inventor of cable ties in 1958 to facilitate assembling wire harnesses in airplanes.  It has recently expanded its product offerings through the acquisition of leading brands in the power protection industry specifically focused on critical infrastructure.

ABB acquired Thomas & Betts for $3.9 billion, or $72 a share, in 2012 to become a major player in the North American low-voltage products market.

Nortek purchased the Thomas & Betts HVAC business unit (Reznor) from ABB in March 2014 for $260 million.

References

External links
Thomas & Betts Official Web Site.
Thomas & Betts Canada Official Web Site.

Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange
Electrical tool manufacturers
Electrical wiring and construction supplies manufacturers
Manufacturing companies established in 1898
1898 establishments in New York (state)
ABB
Tool manufacturing companies of the United States
Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University. Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University, formerly Agra University, is an Autonomous University located in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India. The university, formerly named as Agra University, was later named after Bhimrao Ambedkar.

Affiliated colleges
The University's jurisdiction extends over the four districts of the Agra Division, namely Agra, Mainpuri,Firozabad,and Mathura.

Institute of Engineering and Technology
The Institute of Engineering and Technology Khandari, Agra (I.E.T. Khandari, Agra), situated at the Khandari campus in the city of Agra, was established in 1998 and is the engineering institute of the university.

Institute of Social Sciences
The Institute of Social Sciences (ISS), Agra is situated at Paliwal campus in university premises.

Notable alumni

Charan Singh, former Prime Minister of India
Atal Bihari Vajpayee, former Prime Minister of India
Mulayam Singh Yadav, former CM
Kalyan Singh, former CM 
 Santosh Gangwar, Chairperson, Committee on public undertakings
Dronamraju Krishna Rao, geneticist
Ganesh Prasad Pandey, organic chemist, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar laureate
Hirdaya Behari Mathur, physical chemist, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar laureate
H. N. Kunzru, Freedom Fighter, First National Commissioner of Bharat Scouts and Guides & first President of the Children's Film Society.
Javed Agrewala, molecular biologist, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar laureate
M. V. George, photochemist, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar laureate
Om Dutt Gulati, pharmacologist, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar and B. C. Roy laureate
Shyam Sunder Kapoor, nuclear physicist, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar laureate
Virendra Singh, theoretical physicist, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar laureate
Y. D. Sharma, molecular biologist, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar laureate
Gopal Krishna, radio astronomer, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar laureate
Rajendra Yadav, pioneer of the Hindi literary movement
Arun Govil, television and film actor
Aziz Qureshi, former governor
Shafiqur Rahman Barq, MP (Uttar pradesh)
 Awadhesh Prasad, MP, former Cabinet minister of Uttar pradesh
Ramakant Yadav, ex-VC of Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences
Dev Swarup, ex-VC of Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar Law University
Ram Gopal Yadav, MP (Rajya Sabha)
Dhatri Saran Mathur, I.C.S and Chief Justice of Allahabad High Court
Devendra Singh Yadav, former MP
Ajit Doval, Current National Security Advisor to the Prime Minister of India, with the precedence of a Cabinet Minister
Raj Babbar, Indian film actor and politician
Ibn-e-Safi, Urdu-language novelist, author of Jasoosi Duniya series. 
Narinder Singh Kapany, Physicist known as 'Father of Fibre Optics', and Padma Vibhushan awardee
Rekha Dikshit, former judge of Allahabad High Court
Ashok Jain, Professor at Albany State University
Shyam Sundar Shyam- former member of Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly
Tabish Mehdi, Indian poet and writer
Tejpal Singh - former MLA
Desh Pal S. Verma - biologist

References

External links

External links 

 Admission Links DBRAU

Universities in Uttar Pradesh
Universities and colleges in Agra
Universities and colleges established in 1927
1927 establishments in India
Eddie Paul. Eddie Paul (May 30, 1948 – July 12, 2016) was an American inventor.

Paul was the owner of design house E.P. Industries, Inc and held multiple U.S. patents. He was born in San Francisco, California, and resided in El Segundo. E.P. Industries included CNC shop Prototech Machine Engineering.

He was known for the creation of customized vehicles for use in Hollywood feature films. His work was seen in such movies as Grease, The Fast and the Furious,Taxi, XXX and Gone in 60 Seconds. He created custom vehicles which toured as Pixar characters Lightning McQueen, Mater and Sally to promote the 2006 animated film Cars.

Paul notably designed the Cylindrical Energy Module (CEM) axial engine for use on fire pumps. The design was later adapted for use on automobiles and was planned to be used on the unrealised Duesenberg Torpedo Coupe project in 2005. The design is used by some fire departments.

Paul also worked on TV shows such as The Dukes of Hazzard and interviewed 8 deaths on the show 1000 Ways To Die. He worked as a stuntman for several years, performing stunts in Ice Pirates and Streets of Fire.

Inventions

Eddie Paul held US patents for:
 C.E.M. engine (US patent 6145429), a pump that is used by some fire departments.
 Steering control system for trailers (US patent 6273446), a steerable trailer is provided with a trailer hitch which extends forward to attach to a corresponding hitch on the towing vehicle.
 Method and apparatus for producing stereoscopic images with single sensor (US patent 5883695),

Eddie designed and created a mechanical shark for Jean-Michel Cousteau and later created another shark for Fabien Cousteau.

References

External links
 DeadlineTV
 

1948 births
2016 deaths
20th-century American inventors
Businesspeople from San Francisco
20th-century American businesspeople
21st-century American businesspeople
American stunt performers
George F. Sowers. George F. Sowers (September 23, 1921 – October 23, 1996) was an American Civil Engineer and Regents Professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology. He also worked as a consultant for Law Engineering while maintaining his position as a professor.

Biography

Early life and education
George Sowers was born in Cleveland, Ohio to George Sowers and Marie Tyler Sowers. He received his B.S. in Civil Engineering from Case Institute of Technology in 1942. After graduating he worked for the Tennessee Valley Authority, as a Hydraulic engineer. While at the Tennessee Valley Authority he met his future wife Frances Adair Lott, whom he married in 1944. He served in the United States Navy during World War II. After the war he attended Harvard University where he received his M.S. in Civil Engineering in 1947.

Career
Sowers was a member of the faculty of the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Georgia Tech from 1947 until his death in 1996. He advanced in his position beginning as an Assistant Professor until 1950, then Associate Professors until 1954, then Professor until 1965, and finally Regents Professor in 1965. From 1987 to 1996 he held the title of Regents Professor Emeritus. While a professor he also was an active consultant for Law Engineering. Even though this arrangement is unusual it continued until his death.

Publications
 Websters New World Dictionary (Contribution on Engineering Terms) World Publishing Company, Cleveland, 1951.
 Earth and Rockfill Dam Engineering, Asia Publishing House, Bombay, India, 1961.
 Introductory Soil Mechanics and Foundations: Geotechnical Engineering, 4th Edition, Copyright 1979, Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., New York, Collier Macmillan Publishers, London.
 Introductory Soil Mechanics and Foundations (with G. B. Sowers, Macmillan Co., New York, 1951, 3rd edition, 1970). Also International Edition, Macmillan Collier, Hong Kong, 1970, Spanish, Lumisa-Wiley, Mexico, 1972.
 Foundation Engineering (with Leonards et al.), McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1961.
 Soil Mechanics in Highway Engineering (with A. Rico et al.) Trans Tech Publishers, Frankfort, 1988 (A translation of an earlier Spanish Language Text; Limusa-Wiley, Mexico).
He was also the author or co-author of more than 130 publications on geotechnical engineering, engineering geology, and seismology.

References

1921 births
1996 deaths
Case Western Reserve University alumni
Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences alumni
Georgia Tech faculty
People in the space industry
American civil engineers
20th-century American engineers
United States Navy personnel of World War II
Stephenson Locomotive Society. The Stephenson Locomotive Society (SLS) was founded in the UK in Autumn 1909 for the study of rail transport and locomotives. More recently, on 1 January 2017, the SLS became a private company limited by guarantee, registered in England and Wales 10471004 (Current Registered Office First Floor, Templeback, 10 Temple Back, BRISTOL, BS1 6FL).

The Society was originally named The Stephenson Society in honour of the Stephenson family of engineers and not solely George Stephenson as often, erroneously, stated. In late 1911 the professional engineers seceded from the Society to form the Junior Institution of Locomotive Engineers and the Society then took its present name. Despite this the SLS has since attracted professional locomotive engineers such as William Stanier, Oliver Bulleid and André Chapelon, as well as amateurs.

It also has local Centres which organise meetings and trips of railway interest such as special trains.

In 1927 the SLS organised the preservation of London, Brighton and South Coast Railway B1 Class steam locomotive Gladstone; the first locomotive to be preserved by private subscription. In due course it was donated to the UK National Collection and is now in the care of the National Railway Museum. The SLS are custodians of a historic miniature steam locomotive Orion constructed to run on 9½ in. (241 mm) gauge track, based on the London and North Western Railway Webb Compound design.  As of February 2013 Orion is on long term loan and display at the Shildon Locomotion Museum.

References

External links

 Stephenson Locomotive Society
 SLS history of Gladstone
 SLS meetings list
 SLS Official Facebook page

Non-profit organisations based in the United Kingdom
History of rail transport in the United Kingdom
Railway societies
Telco cable. A telco cable, also known as a Telecom cable or Amphenol cable, is a thick cable used for connecting multiple voice or data lines for LANs or telecommunications. The ends use 25 pairs of polarized pins (50 pins total). This cable handles up to 25 data channels or phone lines. The name Amphenol comes from the company that first manufactured it.

Most phone systems use this type of cable. The common color is gray and made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Most manufactures have standardized on this color for this material. Another standardized color is white, usually associated with plenum cable. Plenum cable is cable used in plenum spaces of buildings. The plenum  is the space used for air circulation for heating and air conditioning systems, by providing a location for ductwork. Space between the structural ceiling and the dropped ceiling or under a raised floor is typically considered plenum. Some drop ceiling designs create a tight seal that does not allow for airflow and therefore may not be considered a plenum air-handling space.

The telco cable is also associated with pre-wired 66 blocks pre-assembled with an RJ-21 female connector are available that accept a quick connection to a 25-pair cable with a male end. These connections are typically made between the block and the CPE (customer premises equipment).

See also
 Micro ribbon
 RJ21
 25-pair color code

References

Signal cables