omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Microsoft ScanDisk. Microsoft ScanDisk (also called ScanDisk) is a diagnostic utility program included in MS-DOS and Windows 9x. It checks and repairs file systems errors on a disk drive, while the system starts.

Overview
The program was first introduced in MS-DOS 6.2 and succeeded its simpler predecessor, CHKDSK. It included a more user-friendly interface than CHKDSK, more configuration options, and the ability to detect and (if possible) recover from physical errors on the disk. This replaced and improved upon the limited ability offered by the MS-DOS recover utility. Unlike CHKDSK, ScanDisk would also repair crosslinked files.

In Windows 95 onwards, ScanDisk also had a graphical user interface, although the text-based user interface continued to be available for use in single-tasking ("DOS") mode.

However, ScanDisk cannot check NTFS disk drives, and therefore it is unavailable for computers that may be running NT based (including Windows 2000, Windows XP, etc.) versions of Windows; for the purpose, a newer CHKDSK is provided instead.

On Unix-like systems, there are tools like fsck_msdosfs and dosfsck to do the same task.

See also
 fsck
 List of DOS commands

References

Further reading

External links

External DOS commands
Hard disk software
MTM. MTM may refer to:

Computing
 Microsoft Test Manager, a diagnostic software tool
ГГВя

Science, technology, medicine and engineering
 Massive Thirring Model, in quantum field theory
 Medication Therapy Management, pharmaceutical care by pharmacists
 Methods-time measurement, a motion time system
 Methyltrimethoxysilane, an organosilicon compound
 Midwoofer-tweeter-midwoofer, a loudspeaker configuration
 Model–test–model, in military combat modelling
 Modified Transverse Mercator coordinate system, used in Eastern Canada
 Motoren Technik Mayer, Wettstetten, Germany, a car tuner
 Mountaintop removal mining
 Methylthiomethyl ether, chemical compound
 X-linked myotubular myopathy, form of centronuclear myopathy

Entertainment
 MTM Enterprises, Mary Tyler Moore's production company
 MTM Records, a MTM Enterprises record label
 MTM (band), a Portuguese band

Transport
 Martin Mill railway station, Dover, Kent, England; National Rail station code
 Metlakatla Seaplane Base, Metlakatla, Alaska; IATA airport code and FAA location identifier
 Metro Trains Melbourne, operator of the commuter train network in Melbourne, Victoria

Other
 Ibanez MTM, a guitar brand
 Made to measure clothing 
 MaineToday Media, media company
 Mark-to-market accounting in economics
 Max the Mutt College of Animation, Art & Design, Toronto, Ontario
 Media Technology Monitor, a Canadian survey
 Minnesota Transportation Museum, Saint Paul, Minnesota
 Momentum, a financial indicator
 Monster Truck Madness, a racing video game
 A variant of the MT explosive motorboat, an Italian Royal Navy World War II motorboat designed to ram moored ships
 The Swedish Agency for Accessible Media (Swedish: )

See also
 M2M (disambiguation)
AGM-76 Falcon. The AGM-76 Falcon was an air-to-surface anti-radiation missile developed by the United States Air Force during the Vietnam War. Intended as a conversion using off-the-shelf parts, it did not go into operational service.

Overview
During 1966, the United States Air Force began development of a heavy anti-radiation missile for use against surface-to-air missile radars in Vietnam. Using existing airframes from the cancelled AIM-47 Falcon heavy air-to-air missile project combined with the seeker head of the AGM-45 Shrike anti-radiation missile, the AGM-76A was fitted with a  warhead of the type used in the Mark 81 bomb. Test-firings of AGM-76As were conducted from McDonnell F-4D Phantom II, Republic F-105F Thunderchief, and US Navy Grumman A-6B Intruder aircraft, however the missile was not put into production, the AGM-45 and AGM-78 Standard ARM becoming the standard anti-radiation missiles used by the United States.

Operators
 : The United States Air Force cancelled the AGM-76 prior to service entry.

References

Cold War air-to-surface missiles of the United States
Anti-radiation missiles of the United States
Abandoned military rocket and missile projects of the United States
AGM-79 Blue Eye. The AGM-79 Blue Eye was an air-to-ground missile prototype, developed by the United States in the 1960s

Design and development
The Blue Eye was a development of the AGM-12 Bullpup, intended to provide a more advanced homing system. The Bullpup was manually steered onto the target, whereas the guidance system in the Blue Eye was an optical area correlation seeker. A TV camera in the missile's nose provided an image to the pilot; he used this to select the target and lock the missile on before firing. Once launched the area correlation system could detect any deviation of the picture compared to the locked image and correct the missile's course accordingly. The Blue Eye used the same airframe as the AGM-12C/E. A radar altimeter was fitted to allow the warhead to explode in an air burst mode. Firing trials took place in late 1968, with the prototype missile designated XAGM-79A. After several years of development the missile was cancelled in the early 1970s.

References

Cold War air-to-surface missiles of the United States
Abandoned military rocket and missile projects of the United States
AGM-079
Interactive EasyFlow. Easyflow was one of the first diagramming and flow charting software packages available for personal computers. It was produced by HavenTree Software Limited of Kingston, Ontario Canada. HavenTree's mark on history for its product, which was subsequently renamed Interactive Easyflow, is its notable plain-English license.

History

HavenTree was formed in 1981. Easyflow, a DOS-based software package, was the initial name of the company's 
flagship offering, which was non-interactive and introduced in 1983. "EasyFlow-Plus" was announced in 1984. Interactive EasyFlow - so named to distinguish it from the preceding products - was offered from 1985 until the early 1990s, when the company dropped the "Interactive" adjective in favour of simply "HavenTree EasyFlow". It offered the software for sale until it filed for protection under Canada's Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act in April 1996. The assets of the company were purchased by SPSS Inc. in 1998.

Historical significance
HavenTree and EasyFlow is mostly remembered today for its counter-cultural disclaimer and end-user license agreement. Both were written in plain English and not in legalese, enabling end users to understand better the terms of these legal agreements, and emphasizing the problems with modern software licensing. Excerpts from the license and disclaimer are included into the fortune databases of many Linux and BSD distributions.

Text of software license

Text of disclaimer

Patenting
Patent entries are dated in the 1990s.

References

External links
 http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Plains/4188/sw_doc.html

Diagramming software
Computer humour
Kanthal (alloy). Kanthal is the trademark for a family of iron-chromium-aluminium (FeCrAl) alloys used in a wide range of resistance and high-temperature applications. Kanthal FeCrAl alloys consist of mainly iron, chromium (20–30%) and aluminium (4–7.5 %). The first Kanthal FeCrAl alloy was developed by Hans von Kantzow in Hallstahammar, Sweden. The alloys are known for their ability to withstand high temperatures and having intermediate electric resistance. As such, it is frequently used in heating elements. The trademark Kanthal is owned by Alleima AB.

Characteristics
For heating, resistance wire must be stable in air when hot.  Kanthal FeCrAl alloy forms a protective layer of aluminium oxide (alumina). Aluminium oxide has high thermal conductivity but is an electrical insulator, so special techniques may be required to make good electrical connections.

Ordinary Kanthal FeCrAl alloy has a melting point of . Special grades can be used as high as .

Depending on specific composition the resistivity is about 1.4μΩ·m and temperature coefficient is +49ppm/K ().

Uses 
Kanthal is used in heating elements due to its flexibility, durability and tensile strength. Its uses are widespread, for example in toasters, home and industrial heaters, kilns and diffusion heaters (used in the making of crystalline silicon).

In comparison to the other types of resistance wire used in vaping such as Nichrome, titanium-alloy and stainless steel, Kanthal is durable enough to withstand the temperatures required, but flexible and cheap enough to be practical for vaping purposes.

See also 
 Nichrome

References

External links
 The brand website for Kanthal products
 Resistance wire technical information tables

Chromium alloys
Ferrous alloys
Refractory metals
Swedish inventions

de:Heizleiterlegierung#Kanthal
H and H Engineering Construction, Inc.. H and H Engineering Construction, Inc. is a railroad contractor based out of Stockton, California. H & H is incorporated in the State of California and has been in operation since October 1985.

Because H & H is involved in the construction and maintenance of railroad tracks, they also have had the need to purchase railway equipment and their reporting mark is HHEX.

H & H operates throughout the Western United States (west of the Rocky Mountains). Their work is done with physical labor, hydraulic power tools, and specialized railroad construction equipment such as tie inserters, ballast regulators, Mark III and Mark IV tampers and other heavy machinery.

Notable projects
 San Diego Sprinter Project (Oceanside, California)
 Sacramento Southern Railroad extension into Freeport.
 Phoenix Light Rail Phase I
 Santa Clara Light Rail – Tasman Corridor

External links
 Official Website

Companies based in San Joaquin County, California
AGM-124 Wasp. The AGM-124 Wasp is a missile developed by the United States. The Wasp grew out of the 1975 WAAM (Wide-Area Anti-Armour Munitions) program initiated by the US Air Force in order to develop a series of new air-to-ground anti-armour weapons for close-support aircraft. The three-pronged program led to the CBU-92/B ERAM (Extended Range Anti-Armour Munition), the CBU-90/B ACM (Anti-Armour Cluster Munition), and the Wasp anti-armour missile. The Wasp is regarded as the most advanced of these weapons.

Development began in 1979, with Boeing and Hughes Aircraft as the primary contractors. The specification called for a small missile which could be carried in large numbers by attack aircraft in multiple dispensers - the A-10 was able to carry several 12 round launcher pods. The Boeing design was unsuccessful, and the USAF selected the Hughes Wasp missile.

The AGM-124A was a small weapon with folding wings and fins to reduce storage space within the launcher. It was intended to be launched in large numbers - 10 or more missiles launched nearly simultaneously was envisaged for a typical attack; the name Wasp derived from this "swarm" tactic. The missiles would follow a pre-programmed path to the target area before activating a millimeter wave active radar homing to identify and home on a specific target. This high resolution radar was able to distinguish targets even against enemy jamming and high background clutter from the ground.

Testing of the radar system began in 1981, and the first prototype AGM-124 took place in 1983. Production was planned for 1987, but in October 1983 the program was cancelled. Most of the other components of the WAAM program were also less than successful, with only the BLU-108/B Skeet submunition in use today.

Specifications

Length : 1.52 m (5 ft)
Wingspan : 51 cm (20 in)
Diameter : 20 cm (8 in)
Weight : 57 kg (125 lb)
Range : 
Propulsion : Solid-fueled rocket motor
Warhead : Shaped charge

References

AGM-124
Anti-tank guided missiles of the Cold War
AGM-124
William Prager. William Prager, before 1940 Willy Prager (23 May 1903 – 17 March 1980), was a German-born American applied mathematician. In the field of mechanics he is well known for the Drucker–Prager yield criterion.

Biography
Willy Prager was born on 23 May 1903 in Karlsruhe. He studied civil engineering at the Technische Universität Darmstadt and received his diploma in 1925. He received his doctorate in 1926 and worked as a research assistant in the field of mechanics from 1925 to 1929. From 1927 to 1929 he habilitated. He was a deputy director at University of Göttingen, professor at Karlsruhe, University of Istanbul, the University of California, San Diego and Brown University, where he advised Bernard Budiansky. Prager was also on a sabbatical at IBM's research lab in Zürich.

He died on 17 March 1980 in Zürich.

The Society of Engineering Science has awarded the William Prager Medal in Solid Mechanics since 1983 in his honor. In 1957, he received a Guggenheim Fellowship.

Works 
, 1926, dissertation
  (with K. Hohenemser), 1933
 , 1937
 
 Prager, William (1961).  Introduction to Mechanics of Continua. Ginn and Company.

See also
Plastic limit theorems

References

External links 
 William Prager - Encyclopedia Brunoniana - Brown University
 References for William Prager
 Mac Tutor Bio for William Prager
 

1903 births
1980 deaths
Scientists from Karlsruhe
20th-century German mathematicians
20th-century American mathematicians
German emigrants to the United States
German expatriates in Turkey
Expatriate academics in Turkey
Academic staff of Istanbul University
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Academic staff of Technische Universität Darmstadt
Technische Universität Darmstadt alumni
Rolls-Royce Buzzard. The Rolls-Royce Buzzard is a British piston aero engine of  capacity that produced about . Designed and built by Rolls-Royce Limited it is a V12 engine of  bore and  stroke. Only 100 were made. A further development was the Rolls-Royce R engine. The Buzzard was developed by scaling-up the Rolls-Royce Kestrel Engine.

Variants
List from Lumsden.
Buzzard IMS, (H.XIMS)
(1927), Maximum power , nine engines produced at Derby.
Buzzard IIMS, (H.XIIMS)
(1932-33), Maximum power , reduced propeller drive ratio (0.553:1), 69 engines produced at Derby.
Buzzard IIIMS, (H.XIVMS)
(1931-33), Maximum power , further reduced propeller drive ratio (0.477:1), 22 engines produced at Derby.

Applications

 Blackburn Iris Mark V
 Blackburn M.1/30
 Blackburn Perth
 Handley Page H.P.46 
 Kawanishi H3K
 Short Sarafand
 Vickers Type 207

Specifications (Buzzard IMS)

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

 Lumsden, Alec. British Piston Engines and their Aircraft. Marlborough, Wiltshire: Airlife Publishing, 2003. .
 Rubbra, A.A.Rolls-Royce Piston Aero Engines - A Designer Remembers. Rolls-Royce Heritage Trust. Historical Series no 16. 1990. ]

External links

Flight magazine - Period Rolls-Royce Buzzard advertisement, August 1933

Buzzard
1920s aircraft piston engines
V12 aircraft engines
2005 Java–Bali blackout. The 2005 Java–Bali Blackout was a power outage across Java and Bali on 18 August 2005, affecting some 100 million people.

Impact
Power went off at around 10:23 am (UTC+7) on 18 August 2005 across most areas of the two islands.  Jakarta lost power completely, along with Banten and Special Region of Yogyakarta; there were blackouts in parts of Central Java, along with parts of both West Java and East Java.  Power resumed in most areas of Jakarta at about 5:00 pm (UTC+7) on the same day.

Cause
Prior to the blackout, the Jakarta area was importing about 21% of its power needs.    

A transmission line between Cilegon and Saguling, both in West Java, failed at 10:23 am local time.  The devices protecting the system misoperated, sending incorrect signals to Suralaya Power Station.  This led to a cascading failure that shut down two units of the Paiton Power Station in East Java and six units at Suralaya in West Java.

PT. PLN, the state-owned electricity company, confirmed that the electricity grid failed at several points throughout Java and the neighbouring island of Bali, causing a supply shortfall of 2,700 MW, roughly half of the original supply.

Post-blackout
PLN apologised for the incident and said about 293,235 customers will be compensated. Meanwhile, President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono ordered police and the national intelligence agency to assist PLN to trace the cause of the blackouts.

See also
List of power outages

References

Power outages in Indonesia
Java-bali Blackout, 2005
Java-bali Blackout, 2005
August 2005 events in Indonesia
2005 in technology
Advantest. is a Japanese leading manufacturer of automatic test equipment (ATE) for the semiconductor industry, and a manufacturer of measuring instruments used in the design, production and maintenance of electronic systems including fiber optic and wireless communications equipment and digital consumer products. Based in Tokyo, Advantest produces Memory, SoC and RF test systems.

History 

Advantest was founded in Japan in 1954 as Takeda Riken Industry Co., Ltd., and was a maker of electronic measuring instruments.  The company entered the semiconductor testing business in 1972, began trading on the Tokyo Stock Exchange in 1983 and changed its name to Advantest Corporation in 1985. The company’s stock began trading on the New York Stock Exchange in 2001.

Expanding its semiconductor test business, Advantest established its North American subsidiary, Advantest America, in 1982, and its European operations in Munich in 1983, to locate its sales and service operations closer to its North American and European customers. The company also has subsidiaries throughout Asia and operates in 18 countries. With the integration with Verigy completed, the company currently has approximately 6,464 employees worldwide.

In 2002, Advantest was one of the founding member companies that established the Semiconductor Test Consortium (STC)—the first international, industry-wide collaboration aimed at developing a highly scalable, flexible test platform to reduce the cost of test of SoCs and other advanced ICs that incorporate complex technologies such as copper interconnects, sub-100 nm device geometries and 300mm wafers.

Astronics Corporation sold their semiconductor test business to Advantest in 2018 for $185 million.

Advantest completed its acquisition of U.S.-based, final-test and system-level test equipment supplier Essai, Inc in January 2020.

Advantest acquired R&D Altanova, Inc., a U.S.-based supplier of semiconductor test equipment in October 2021.

In June 2022, Advantest acquired Italy-based CREA - Collaudi Elettronici Automatizzati S.r.l. (CREA), a major supplier of power semiconductor test equipment.

Products
Advantest has three reportable segments of business:  semiconductor and component test systems; mechatronics (handlers); and services, support and others.
Advantest offers SoC test systems, memory test systems, test handlers, device interfaces, SEM metrology and review, and SSD test systems.

References

External links
 Advantest
 Advantest Japan
  Wiki collection of bibliographic works on Advantest

Manufacturing companies based in Tokyo
Electronics companies established in 1954
Companies listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange
Companies in the Nikkei 225
Electronics companies of Japan
Electronic test equipment manufacturers
Companies formerly listed on the New York Stock Exchange
Instrument-making corporations
Technology companies of Japan
Japanese brands
Furukawa Group
Japanese companies established in 1954
Hydrogen iodide (data page). This page provides supplementary chemical data on hydrogen iodide.

Structure and properties

Thermodynamic properties

Spectral data

Material Safety Data Sheet  

The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommend that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS) for this chemical from a reliable source  such as SIRI, and follow its directions.
 hydrogen iodide MSDS

References

Chemical data pages
Chemical data pages cleanup
Methyl red. Methyl red (2-(N,N-dimethyl-4-aminophenyl) azobenzenecarboxylic acid), also called C.I. Acid Red 2, is an indicator dye that turns red in acidic solutions. It is an azo dye, and is a dark red crystalline powder. Methyl red is a pH indicator; it is red in pH under 4.4, yellow in pH over 6.2, and orange in between, with a pKa of 5.1. Murexide and methyl red are investigated as promising enhancers of sonochemical destruction of chlorinated hydrocarbon pollutants. Methyl red is classed by the IARC in group 3 - unclassified as to carcinogenic potential in humans.

Preparation
As an azo dye, methyl red may be prepared by diazotization of anthranilic acid, followed by reaction with dimethylaniline:

Properties
The color of methyl red is pH dependent, because protonation causes it to adopt a hydrazone/quinone structure.

Methyl Red has a special use in histopathology for showing acidic nature of tissue and presence of organisms with acidic natured cell walls.

Methyl Red is detectably fluorescent in 1:1 water:methanol (pH 7.0), with an emission maximum at 375 nm (UVA) upon excitation with 310 nm light (UVB).

Methyl red test

In microbiology, methyl red is used in the methyl red test (MR test), used to identify bacteria producing stable acids by mechanisms of mixed acid fermentation of glucose (cf. Voges–Proskauer test).

The MR test, the "M" portion of the four IMViC tests, is used to identify enteric bacteria based on their pattern of glucose metabolism. All enterics initially produce pyruvic acid from glucose metabolism. Some enterics subsequently use the mixed acid pathway to metabolize pyruvic acid to other acids, such as lactic, acetic, and formic acids. These bacteria are called methyl-red positive and include Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris. Other enterics subsequently use the butylene glycol pathway to metabolize pyruvic acid to neutral end products. These bacteria are called methyl-red-negative and include Serratia marcescens and Enterobacter aerogenes.

Process
A tube filled with a glucose phosphate broth is inoculated with a sterile transfer loop. The tube is incubated at  for 2–5 days. After incubation, 2.5 ml of the medium are transferred to another tube. Five drops of the pH indicator methyl red is added to this tube. The tube is gently rolled between the palms to disperse the methyl red.

Expected results
Enterics that subsequently metabolize pyruvic acid to other acids lower the pH of the medium to 4.2. At this pH, methyl red turns red, a positive test. Enterics that subsequently metabolize pyruvic acid to neutral end products lower the pH of the medium to only 6.0. At this pH, methyl red is yellow, a negative test.

See also
Methyl
Universal Indicator
Tashiro's indicator
pH indicators
Methyl yellow
Methyl orange
Methyl violet

References

"Microbiology, A Photographic Atlas for the Laboratory", Alexander, Street, Pearson Education, 2001.

External links 

 Nile Chemicals -- Methyl Red A site showing some extra information on methyl red.
 Synthesis of methyl red

IARC Group 3 carcinogens
PH indicators
Azo dyes
Anthranilic acids
Dimethylamino compounds