omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
USS Redwing (AMS-200). USS Redwing (AMS/MSC-200) was a  in the United States Navy.

Construction
Redwing was laid down 1 July 1953, by Tampa Marine Company, Tampa, Florida; launched 29 April 1954, as AMS-200; sponsored by Mrs. Courtney W. Campbell, wife of US Representative Campbell of Florida; and commissioned 7 January 1955.

East Coast Assignment 
Assigned to the Atlantic Fleet, Redwing arrived Charleston, South Carolina, 23 January 1955. Reclassified a coastal minesweeper, MSC-200 on 7 February, she underwent shakedown out of Key West, Florida, commencing 3 March. Returning via Mayport, Florida, to search for downed aircraft, she arrived Charleston, 20 April, and commenced minesweeping operations with various units of the Fleet.

Redwing arrived Panama City, Florida, 5 July, and provided services to the Mine Defense Laboratory through 9 September. She then joined  for special development operations at Key West, before returning to Charleston, 22 September. Redwing continued to operate out of Charleston, until January 1957, participating in minesweeping and amphibious training exercises as far south as Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, and Vieques, Puerto Rico.

She departed Charleston, 16 January, to provide services for the Naval Mine Warfare School at Yorktown, Virginia, and to operate under the Amphibious Training Command, Little Creek, Virginia. She then conducted surveys in Boston Channel, beginning 3 October, followed by exercises along the New Jersey coast in January 1958.

Departing New York, 25 February, for exercises as far south as Key West, she returned to Boston, Massachusetts, 21 March, and for the next year provided services for the Destroyer Development Group in Narragansett Bay.

Decommissioning 
Redwing departed Boston, 26 February 1959, en route Norfolk, Virginia, for overhaul in preparation for transfer to Spain. Decommissioned at Norfolk 16 June 1959, she was struck from the Navy List and transferred to the Spanish Navy as Sil (M-29) effective 18 June 1959.

Notes 

Citations

Bibliography 

Online resources

External links
 Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships
 Mine Warfare Ship Photo Archives

Bluebird-class minesweepers
Ships built in Tampa, Florida
1954 ships
Cold War minesweepers of the United States
Minesweepers of the Spanish Navy
Adjutant-class minesweepers
SQL/CLI. The SQL/CLI, or Call-Level Interface, is an extension to the SQL standard is defined in SQL:1999 (based on CLI-95), but also available in later editions such as ISO/IEC 9075-3:2003. This extension defines common interfacing components (structures and procedures) that can be used to execute SQL statements from applications written in other programming languages. The SQL/CLI extension is defined in such a way that SQL statements and SQL/CLI procedure calls are treated as separate from the calling application's source code.

See also
Call Level Interface
SQL
SQL:2003

References

SQL
CAB Supercab. 

The CAB GY-30 Supercab was a two-seat light aircraft built in France in 1954, as a further development of the CAB Minicab.  The design was performed by Yves Gardan, a onetime employee of French aeronautical company SIPA. Changes incorporated in the Supercab (from the Minicab) included a more powerful engine, greater wingspan, manually retractable undercarriage, and slotted flaps that replaced the split flaps of the Minicab.

Seven units were constructed by CAB before the rights to the design were sold to Gardan's former employer (SIPA), who developed the design into the SIPA 1000.  However, due to a downturn in the light aircraft market at that time, only three of the SIPA variant were produced before production was halted.

Specifications

Notes

References

 
 
 
 CAB Supercab on aviafrance.com
 Website of the Association des Proprietaires et Amateurs d'Avions Gardan

1950s French sport aircraft
Supercab
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1954
Constructions Aéronautiques du Béarn. Constructions Aéronautiques du Béarn (CAB) was a French aircraft manufacturer established by Max Laporte and Yves Gardan in Pau, Béarn in 1948. Its main product was the Minicab, a two-seat low-wing monoplane light aircraft of Gardan's design constructed in wood with a fabric covering, and equipped with a fixed tailwheel undercarriage, while the similar Supercab had a retractable undercarriage and detail refinements. The company ceased business in the mid-1950s.

Aircraft
CAB Minicab
CAB Supercab

References

 
 aviafrance.com

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of France
Manufacturing companies established in 1948
Companies disestablished in the 1950s
Consolidated O-17 Courier. The Consolidated O-17 Courier (company designation Model 2) was an observation and training aircraft used by the United States National Guard.

Development
A parallel development to the Consolidated PT-3 series, the XO-17 was a converted PT-3 with such refinements as improved fuselage streamlining, oleo shock absorbers, wheel brakes, balanced elevators and increased fuel capacity.

It was used almost exclusively as a cross-country flying, gunnery, photographic and radio trainer. The O-17 had a removable fairing (carrying a Scarff ring mounting for one .30 cal (7.62 mm) trainable Browning machine gun).

The Royal Canadian Air Force purchased three generally similar aircraft, two Model 7 landplanes and one Model 8 floatplane, the latter with the same float gear as the NY series.

The sole XO-17A was converted from the PT-3 as a demonstrator that failed to secure any orders. It was later fitted with the experimental Packard DR-980 Diesel engine of 225 hp (168 kW).

The Model 15 was also an O-17 type airframe fitted with a Pratt & Whitney R-1340 engine. It too failed to win any contracts.

Variants
XO-17 (prototype)
Consolidated PT-3 Conversion with a 225 hp (168 kW) Wright R-790-1 engine, streamlined fuselage, modified undercarriage, increased fuel capacity, provision for dual controls and a dorsal 0.3 in (7.62 mm) gun, one conversion.
O-17 Model 2 Courier
Production version for United States National Guard use, 29 built.
XO-17A (prototype)
One Consolidated PT-3 converted with a Wright R-790-3 engine intended for export.
Model 7 (RCAF landplane)
Royal Canadian Air Force, two built.
Model 8 (RCAF floatplane)
Royal Canadian Air Force, one built.
XPT-8 (demonstrator)
The airframe of the XO-17A prototype fitted with a Packard DR-980 Diesel engine of 225 hp (168 kw), scrapped in 1932.
XPT-8A
A single PT-3A (29-115) similarly converted with a Packard DR-980 Diesel engine with Project Number 'P-564',  but returned to PT-3A configuration. The airframe was subsequently lost in a fatal midair with a P-12C of the 17th Pursuit Squadron 2 miles W of New Baltimore, Michigan on 17 December 1931.
Model 15 (demonstrator)
Conversion with a Pratt & Whitney R-1340 engine.

Operators

Royal Canadian Air Force

United States National Guard

Eskisehir Air School

Specifications

See also
Consolidated PT-1 Trusty
Consolidated PT-3
Consolidated PT-11

References

Consolidated O-17
O-17
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1927
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
USS Bullfinch (AM-66). USS Bullfinch (AM-66) was a  of the United States Navy during World War II.

She was laid down as the MV Villanova on 22 May 1937 by Bath Iron Works, Bath, Maine, for F. J. O'Hara and Sons, Inc., Boston, Massachusetts. She was the last trawler built at Bath Iron Works for a United States owner). Launched on 21 October 1937, and delivered on 1 November 1937, she was acquired by the U.S. Navy on 6 August 1940.  Villanova was renamed Bullfinch on 14 August 1940, and commissioned in ordinary, on 16 August 1940. She then commenced conversion to a minesweeper at the Norfolk Navy Yard, Portsmouth, Virginia. She was placed in full commission as USS Bullfinch (AM-66), on 22 October 1940. Her conversion was completed on 22 April 1941.

Service history

World War II, 1941–1944
Bullfinch was assigned to special duty with the Mine Warfare School at Yorktown, Virginia. She spent her entire career operating under the auspices of the Commandant, 5th Naval District. Except for one cruise up Chesapeake Bay to visit Baltimore, Maryland, the minesweeper restricted her operations to the waters around Norfolk and Yorktown. She continued minesweeping and mine warfare training duties until decommissioned at Yorktown on 15 September 1944.

Decommissioning
Bullfinch's name was struck from the Navy List on 23 September 1944. Apparently, the former minesweeper was berthed somewhere in the Norfolk-Yorktown area for about 11 months. On 28 August 1945, she was transferred to the Maritime Commission's War Shipping Administration at Little Creek, Virginia, for disposal.

See also
 Bullfinch class destroyer

References

External links
 
 Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1940-1945 Minecraft

Bullfinch-class minesweepers
World War II minesweepers of the United States
1937 ships
Canadian Society for Biomechanics. Canadian Society for Biomechanics / Société canadienne de biomécanique (CSB/SCB) was formed in 1973. The CSB is an Affiliated Society with the International Society of Biomechanics (ISB).

The purpose of the Society is to foster research and the interchange of information on the biomechanics of human physical activity.

Biomechanics research is being performed more and more by people from diverse disciplinary and professional backgrounds. CSB/SCB is attempting to enhance interdisciplinary communication and thereby improve the quality of biomechanics research and facilitate application of findings by bringing together therapists, physicians, engineers, sport researchers, ergonomists, and others who are using the same pool of basic biomechanics techniques but studying different human movement problems.

External links 
Canadian Society for Biomechanics Official Site
International Society of Biomechanics Official Site
Canadian Society for Biomechanics podcast

Biomechanics
Professional associations based in Canada
Telescoping (mechanics). Telescoping in mechanics describes the movement of one part sliding out from another, lengthening an object (such as a telescope or the lift arm of an aerial work platform) from its rest state. In modern equipment this can be achieved by a hydraulics, but pulleys are generally used for simpler designs such as extendable ladders and amateur radio antennas.

See also
 Telescoping bolt
 Telescopic cylinder
 Telescoping (rail cars)

Mechanics
Simple machines

References
Cost of poor quality. Cost of poor quality (COPQ) or poor quality costs (PQC) or cost of nonquality, are costs that would disappear if systems, processes, and products were perfect.

COPQ was popularized by IBM quality expert H. James Harrington in his 1987  book Poor-Quality Cost.
COPQ is a refinement of the concept of quality costs.  In the 1960s, IBM undertook an effort to study its own quality costs and tailored the concept for its own use.  While Feigenbaum's term "quality costs" is technically accurate, it's easy for the uninitiated to jump to the conclusion that better quality products cost more to produce.  Harrington adopted the name "poor quality costs" to emphasize the belief that investment in detection and prevention of product failures is more than offset by the savings in reductions in product failures.

Harrington breaks down COPQ into the following elements:

Examples

White collar COPQ

Harrington noted that expanding cost analyses to management and clerical workers could also make a significant dent in waste.  He defined the following costs by functional area:

Cost of poor quality by inception point
 
The damages of poor quality augment as the inception point is further down the supply chain:
TCFP [Total Cost of Faulty Part] =
Direct Cost (manufacturing cost)
								➔ failure at supplier's site (bad)
+ Labor Cost (assembly and testing)
+ Overhead Cost (Inventory, handling, shipping costs)
+ Scrapping Cost (of part and attached parts assemblies: Sometimes assemblies cannot be disassembled and have to be scrapped altogether)
+ Rework (applying a new part instead)	
								➔ failure at manufacturer's site (worse)
+ Repair / Recall Costs (these are costs associated with repairing or replacing a new part / assembly under warranty)
+ Product Liability Costs (These are costs resulting from damages caused by the faulty part to 3rd parties)
								➔ failure at customers' site (worst)

See also
Gold in the mine
Quality costs

References

 
 

Costs
Quality control
Stephan Bernsee. Stephan Bernsee (born 1971) is a digital signal processing applications developer from Germany.

Background 
Bernsee is the founder of the audio software company Prosoniq and the principal developer of the sound synthesis technology used in the Hartmann Neuron series of synthesizers, the audio timescale-pitch modification technology behind Prosoniq TimeFactory, its popular vocoder OrangeVocoder and the sonicWORX Isolate application which does pattern detection to allow extracting, manipulating and suppressing individual notes and sounds within a song. He holds a couple of patents, including one for localizing audio in 3D space.

In 2011 he co-founded Zynaptiq, a Hannover-based startup company specializing in reverb removal, polyphonic pitch modification and automatic optimization of music tracks based on artificial intelligence.

References

1971 births
Living people
German computer programmers
Hy-V. The Hy-V Scramjet Flight Experiment is a research project being led by the University of Virginia, the goal of which is to better understand dual-mode scramjet combustion by analyzing and comparing wind tunnel and flight data. The work is being conducted with industrial, academic and government collaborators.

Overview
The goal of the Hy-V project is to conduct a flight experiment of a scramjet engine at Mach 5 using a sounding rocket. Currently the project is in its design and test phase and plans to launch a flight test in the future. In a dual-mode scramjet, combustion can either occur at subsonic or supersonic speeds, or a mixture of the two.  The experiment will be performed at speed of Mach 5 because significant effects on mode transition occur at this speed. In this particular case, the mode transition will occur inside the scramjet when the vehicle's airspeed reaches Mach 5.  Teams of students, both undergraduate and graduate, and faculty from the member universities of the Virginia Space Grant Consortium are involved in the project and are collaborating with aerospace industry, NASA, and the Department of Defense.

Payload Design
The current payload design will enable researchers to conduct two separate experiments by having two separate scramjet ducts.  One will resemble the geometry of the University of Virginia's supersonic wind tunnel and the other will be a variation of this geometry.  The data recorded while in-flight will be used to better understand dual-mode scramjet (DMSJ) combustion and to make better numerical methods of predicting mode-transition processes. It will also provide a set of comparative data to help understand and isolate differences with wind tunnel data.

UVA Wind Tunnel
The University of Virginia's Supersonic wind tunnel was built in the late 1980s inside the Aerospace Research Laboratory (ARL).  Previously housing classified gas centrifuge research, the ARL became endorsed purely for research by the National Space Council in 1989.  Shortly thereafter, the wind tunnel was constructed in order to aid in the development of the National Aero-Space Plane, also known as the X-30, which was projected to fly at Mach 25.
The wind tunnel is not only known for its supersonic combustion capabilities, but also for its unique design.  The air is heated electrically, rather than through combustion processes, thus eliminating contaminants introduced by combustion.  Additionally, the wind tunnel is capable of operating for an indefinite period of time, allowing unlimited duration scramjet testing.

In order to recreate the conditions inside the DMSJ combustor, the geometry of the experimental scramjet will be a full-scale copy of that of the DMSJ combustor.

External links
Hy-V Website
NASA's "What's a Scramjet?"  o
Virginia Space Grant Consortium

Similar Projects
University of Queensland's HyShot

References

Aircraft engines
Jet engines
Scramjet-powered aircraft
Spacecraft propulsion
Single-stage-to-orbit
Space access
Friction torque. In mechanics, friction torque is the torque caused by the frictional force that occurs when two objects in contact move. Like all torques, it is a rotational force that may be measured in newton meters or pounds-feet.

Engineering

Friction torque can be disruptive in engineering. There are a variety of measures engineers may choose to take to eliminate these disruptions. Ball bearings are an example of an attempt to minimize the friction torque.

Friction torque can also be an asset in engineering.  Bolts and nuts, or screws are often designed to be fastened with a given amount of torque, where the friction is adequate during use or operation for the bolt, nut, or screw to remain safely fastened.  This is true with such applications as lug nuts retaining wheels to vehicles, or equipment subjected to vibration with sufficiently well-attached bolts, nuts, or screws to prevent the vibration from shaking them loose.

Examples
When a cyclist applies the brake to the forward wheel, the bicycle tips forward due to the frictional torque between the wheel and the ground.
When a golf ball hits the ground it begins to spin in part because of the friction torque applied to the golf ball from the friction between the golf ball and the ground.

References

See also
 Torque
 Force
 Engineering

Mechanics
Moment (physics)
Tin(II) iodide. Tin(II) iodide, also known as stannous iodide, is an ionic tin salt of iodine with the formula SnI2.  It has a formula weight of 372.519 g/mol.  It is a red to red-orange solid.  Its melting point is 320 °C, and its boiling point is 714 °C.

Tin(II) iodide can be synthesised by heating metallic tin with iodine in 2 M hydrochloric acid.

Sn + I2 → SnI2

References

Tin(II) compounds
Iodides
Metal halides
Reducing agents
Tin(IV) iodide. Tin(IV) iodide, also known as stannic iodide, is the chemical compound with the formula SnI4.  This tetrahedral molecule crystallizes as a bright orange solid that dissolves readily in nonpolar solvents such as benzene.

Preparation 

The compound is usually prepared by the reaction of iodine and tin:

Chemical properties 

The compound hydrolyses in water. In aqueous hydroiodic acid, it reacts to form a rare example of a hexaiodometallate:
 SnI4  +  2 I−  →   [SnI6]2−

Physical properties 

Tin(IV) iodide is an orange solid under standard conditions. It has a cubic crystal structure with the space group Pa (space group no. 205), the lattice parameter a = 1226 pm and eight formula units per unit cell. This corresponds approximately to a cubic close packing of iodine atoms in which 1/8 of all tetrahedral gaps are occupied by tin atoms. This leads to discrete tetrahedral SnI4 molecules.

See also
Tin(II) iodide
Tin(IV) chloride

References

Tin(IV) compounds
Iodides
Metal halides
Virtual disk and virtual drive. Virtual disk and virtual drive are software components that emulate an actual disk storage device.

Virtual disks and virtual drives are common components of virtual machines in hardware virtualization, but they are also widely used for various purposes unrelated to virtualization, such as for the creation of logical disks,software development, testing environments, and data management. They offer flexibility, ease of management, and the ability to simulate different storage environments without needing physical hardware.

Operation
A virtual drive is a software component that emulates an actual disk drive, such as an optical disc drive, a floppy disk drive, or a hard disk drive. To other programs, a virtual drive looks and behaves like an actual physical device.

A virtual disk may be in any of the following forms:
 Disk image, a computer file that contains the exact data structure of an actual storage device
 Logical disk (also known as vdisk), an array of two or more actual drives that cooperatively act like a single device
 RAM disk, which stores its data in random-access memory (RAM) instead of on a storage device
 A mapped network drive that connects to a File Server

Uses
In hardware virtualization, virtual machines implement virtual drives as part of their efforts to emulate the behavior of an actual machine. As with an ordinary computer, a virtual machine needs one virtual drive and one disk image to start up, except when it is performing a network boot. More virtual drives are added as needed.

Virtual optical drives are used on physical computers to transfer the contents of the optical disks onto hard disk drives. Doing so helps in resolving the problem of the short life span of CDs and DVDs and takes advantage of the faster data transfer rate of hard disk drives. However, virtual optical drives are also used for software piracy: early computer games used disc existence verification to ensure licensed use, which can be circumvented using virtual optical drives. As a countermeasure, the StarForce copy protection scheme attempts to thwart disc virtualization. Modern video games have migrated to online product activation as part of their distribution process.

See also

 Comparison of disc image software
 Floating drive
 Removable media
 Storage virtualization

Storage virtualization
Disk images
Fein Multimaster RS. The Fein MultiMaster RS is a variable speed oscillating tool for cutting, sanding and grinding. It is produced by C. & E. Fein GmbH, along with a broad assortment of accessories.

When Fein's patent expired in October 2008, other tool makers started creating similar products, such as the Dremel Multi-Max, Bosch PS50 Multi-X, Rockwell Sonicraft, and Proxxon Delta Sander.

Description
The MultiMaster oscillates at 200–350 Hz (11,000–20,000 oscillations per minute).

During the oscillating action, the fitted accessory moves along a minimal arc of 3.2 angular degrees. This allows for a greater degree of control by the operator as the lower torque means the tool has less power to move itself per oscillation, increasing safety while still completing the task at hand.

References

External links
Fein Tools Website

Woodworking hand-held power tools
Birger Møller-Pedersen. Birger Møller-Pedersen (born 11 November 1949) is a computer scientist and professor at the University of Oslo, department of informatics. He published numerous works on object-oriented programming and has contributed to the creation of the BETA programming language, which is a descendant of Simula.

Academic work

Møller-Pedersen is a professor at the department of informatics at the University of Oslo, Norway. He teaches courses mainly in compiler design and programming languages.

References

External links
University of Oslo
Department of Informatics
Personal homepage

Academic staff of the University of Oslo
Computer programmers
Living people
1949 births