omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Seibel S-4. The Seibel S-4 was a two-bladed, single-engine helicopter built by Seibel Helicopter. Designed by Charles Seibel, the S-4 was evaluated by the United States Army under the designation YH-24 Sky Hawk, but would be rejected for service. The S-4B would serve as the basis for the design of the Cessna CH-1 Skyhook, the only helicopter Cessna ever produced.

Development
Charles Seibel began development on the S-4 after forming the Seibel Helicopter Company with funding from local Kansas oil investors. The S-4 was a continuation of his work on his previous design, the Seibel S-3, which he flew as a demonstrator for his design concepts; primarily a new design for a two-bladed rotor system and a simplified transmission. These features would also be incorporated into the S-4 design.

In January 1949, the S-4 lifted off the ground for the first time, piloted by Johnny Gibbs. In March 1950, certification tests were completed and on 23 April 1950, the S-4 received civil certification by the CAA. A larger engine, the Lycoming O-290B with 125 hp, would be installed in the aircraft, making it the S-4A.

Based on feedback from the Army during the evaluation, Seibel, shortened the fuselage of the second YH-24 (51-5113) and widened the cockpit for a co-pilot's seat next to the pilot's seat. Seibel also replaced that aircraft's original wheeled, tricycle undercarriage with landing skids. This aircraft would become the S-4B.

Design
The S-4 frame was a welded steel-tube box frame, with two decks. A lower deck supported the control panel, pilot's seat, wheeled, tricycle landing gear, and a small passenger/cargo area accessible from the rear, and an upper deck carried the engine, the fuel and oil tanks, and supported the transmission and rotor assembly. A tapered, monocoque, alloy tail boom with a two-bladed antitorque tail rotor was attached at the rear of the upper deck.

Operational history
Both the U.S. Army and U.S. Air Force showed interest in the S-4. In early 1951, the U.S. Army ordered two examples for operational and engineering evaluation in the observation, utility, and aeromedical evacuation roles. The Army designated the S-4 as the YH-24 Sky Hawk. The first Sky Hawk, serial number 51-5112, was delivered to Fort Bragg, North Carolina in April 1951; the second YH-24, serial number 51-5113, was delivered to Wright Field.

Despite the simplicity of the S-4, the Army determined that it did not provide a sufficient payload capability and the aircraft were dropped from the inventory and returned to Seibel in 1952.

Variants
S-4 Original design, certified by the CAA in 1950.
S-4A Featured an upgraded, 125 hp Lycoming O-290B engine.
S-4B Modified airframe based on Army recommendations during YH-24 evaluation. Two-seat cockpit and skid landing gear.

Specifications (YH-24)

References

Further reading

External links

Global Security
Collect Air

1940s United States helicopters
S-4
Single-engined piston helicopters
Aircraft first flown in 1949
Koichi Yamaguchi. Koichi Yamaguchi (山口弘一) is a noted Japanese bicycle frame builder, based in the United States.

Koichi was trained as a Master framebuilder at the legendary 3Rensho company in Japan, building bicycles for professional Keirin riders (notably, the ten-time Sprint World Champion Koichi Nakano).

In 1987, Koichi came to the United States and founded his own bicycle building company, Yamaguchi Bicycles, now based in Rifle, Colorado. He began working closely with the US Cycling Federation as the National Team Mechanic in 1988 and, in 1989, his projects included prototype frames for the US National Cycling Team. That same year, Koichi became the official framebuilder for the United States Olympic Cycling Team.

Koichi was honored for his contributions to competitive cycling as the first framebuilder to become an Olympic Flame runner at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, Utah.

Koichi Yamaguchi's bicycle designs have been ridden by winning competitive bicyclists and bicycling teams:

 1992 Barcelona Olympics 1 km Time Trial Bronze Medal Erin Hartwell. Team USA 
 1992 United States Professional Racing Organization Criterium Champion Mike McCarthy
1992 World Championships Gold Medal. Professional Individual Pursuit Mike McCarthy  
 1992 World Championship winners - US Women's 50 km Team time trial squad
 1995 Madison National Champion Steve Hegg
 2000 Paralympic Games Time Trial Gold Medal and World Record time winners, Team USA Tandem members Al Whaley and Pam Fernandez

See also 
 Yamaguchi Bicycles

References 

Cycle manufacturers of Japan
Bicycle framebuilders
Cycle designers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Durden Machinery. 

The beginning

Durden and Co. commenced business as general engineers to the automotive industry in 1948. The founder Frank Reginald Durden produced his first woodworking machine, a thickness planner, in 1951. This was quickly followed with the introduction of the popular "Pacemaker" universal woodworker in 1954. Several models of the 'Pacemaker" were produced in the ensuing years and exported to different countries around the world.

Growth

The years from 1960 saw the company grow with the introduction of a range of machinery for the 'Do it yourself' market and educational training.  The range included thickness planner, circular saws, planers, bandsaws and wood lathes.

Today

Today Durden machines are used in industry and technical colleges. The Durden Top Turn Wood Lathe is offered with electronic variable speed drives, knee bar stop actuation and modular bed design.

References 

Engineering companies of Australia
Lincoln (surveillance). Lincoln, manufactured by the company Pen-Link, Ltd., is a class of electronic data interception products—including both computer hardware and software packages—whose function is to extract and analyze internet traffic for mass surveillance purposes, such as those outlined under the Communications Assistance For Law Enforcement Act (CALEA).

Lincoln systems enable law enforcement and intelligence agencies to monitor numerous types of intercepted electronic communications—including telephone (landline & wireless), VoIP, 3G and IP (web/email/IM traffic).

Lincoln systems are generally implemented along with other Pen-Link products to enable features such as databases to store intercepted communications, mapping software (to monitor the locations of surveillance targets), visualization software, and link analysis features.

See also
Communications Assistance For Law Enforcement Act
Verint Systems
Mass surveillance

References
 Crashing The Wiretappers Ball, Wired.com
 Slideshow: Crashing The Wiretappers Ball, Wired Magazine
 Tactical Lincoln System

Surveillance
CSQL. CSQL was a software project, intended to be an open source main memory high-performance  relational database management system  developed at  sourceforge.net. It was supposed to provide high performance for  SQL queries and  DML  statements. As of 2022 the software was never functional and unavailable under an open source license.

It was configured to work as transparent cache for database management systems such as MySQL and PostgreSQL, circa 2009. As there is no disk I/O, in-memory databases provide a predictive response time which is suited to real time and near real time applications.
Version 3.3 was released in 2011.
It was promoted by a company called Lakshya in Bangalore, which existed through about 2013.

See also
List of relational database management systems

References

Vaporware
Relational database management systems
Free database management systems
John Wainwright (computer scientist). John Wainwright is a computer scientist, born in Australia, who has pioneered the development of pure object-based computer languages. He is the principal architect of two computer languages, ScriptX (1992–1996) and MaxScript (1996).

In 1992, Wainwright sold Apple Computer his structural framework for an object based, language and virtual machine operating system called Objects in C. He became the lead architect for ScriptX, a language and media player developed by Kaleida Labs.

After Kaleida Labs closed its doors in 1996, Wainwright went on to serve as the principal architect of MaxScript, the scripting language of Autodesk 3ds Max. This language has been used in game development as a part of the Maxis Sims animation processing pipeline. Compared to ScriptX, MaxScript has explicit syntax to support 3D animation.

Wainwright was the Chief Technology Officer at Crowd Science, an online advertising technology company he co-founded in 2007 with his nephew, John Martin, and Paul Neto. Crowd Science was funded by Granite Ventures.

 Wainwright is the Vice President of Engineering at Kollective Technology Inc. (previously known as Kontiki Inc.), a company he co-founded in 2001.

Wainwright was also the first non-employee Amazon.com customer, ordering the book Fluid Concepts and Creative Analogies. An Amazon building is named after him.

In 2020, he co-founded Mirinae, Inc in South Korea and developed a Korean language learning cloud service (mirinae.io).

References 

Programming language researchers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Chief technology officers
GEIPAN. GEIPAN (an acronym in French for , or Unidentified Aerospace Phenomenon Research and Information Group) () is a unit of the French space agency CNES based in Toulouse, whose brief is to investigate unidentified aerospace phenomena (UAP) and make its findings available to the public.

History and developments 
GEIPAN was founded in 1977 as GEPAN (, Study Group for Unidentified Aerospace Phenomena). Claude Poher was the inaugural director,  of then director general of CNES Yves Sillard.

GEPAN was renamed to SEPRA (, Atmospheric Re-entry Phenomena Expertise Department) in 1988, and then to  ("rare aerospace phenomena expertise department") in 2000. In 2005, the research unit was renamed to GEIPAN.

The French Gendarmerie was instructed to channel data from reports of UFO sightings to SEPRA, which therefore was in a position to draw on a large database of such events. In cases where physical traces appeared to be present, SEPRA could call on the technical resources of CNES to perform a thorough scientific investigation. A famous example of such an investigation was the Trans-en-Provence Case.

In March 2007, GEIPAN started to make its archives available online to the public. The same year, French skeptics criticized the quality of their investigative work, arguing the sightings were too quickly filed as unidentified. On March 26, 2007, the CNES' own report said that 28% of sightings remain unidentified.

More recent reports of GEIPAN estimate the unidentified sightings at around 3%.

Directors

GEPAN period 
 1977 - 1978 Claude Poher
 1979 - 1983 Alain Esterle
 1984 - 1988 Jean-Jacques Velasco

SEPRA period 
 1988 - 2004 Jean-Jacques Velasco

GEIPAN period 
 2005 - 2009 Jacques Patenet
 2009 - 2011 Yves Blanc
 2011 - 2015 Xavier Passot
 2016 - 2019 Jean-Paul Aguttes
 2019 - 2020 Roger Baldacchino
 2021 - 2023 Vincent Costes
 2024 - now  Frederic Courtade

See also
List of UFO organizations

References

External links 
  GEIPAN official site
 Goals and history of GEIPAN on the CNES website.
 From GEPAN to SEPRA: Official UFO studies in France (International UFO Review, winter 2000–2001), the earlier years of GEIPAN related by Gildas Bourdais.

CNES
Government responses to UFOs
1977 establishments in France
Organizations established in 1977
Space program of France
UFO organizations
Entrainment defect. An entrainment defect is a term used in metallurgy to describe a defect created in a casting by the folding-over of the oxidized surface layer of the molten metal into the bulk liquid.

Outside of special cases, the surface of a molten metal is covered with a thin, solid layer of oxide. If the surface of the liquid happens to fold in on itself, or if a separate droplet falls into it, there will be a solid-on-solid interface between the two films. This can happen as a consequence of any kind of turbulence during the processing of the molten metal. Once solidified, this interface become functionally indistinguishable from a crack.

The presence of such crack-like entrainment in solid metal articles constitutes a metalworking defect. The continuous casting process used in the initial forming of most wrought alloys is also susceptible to entrainment. Any entrainment defects thus formed are inherited by the wrought products.

When the entrainment is initially formed, it contains some amount of trapped air. This pocket of air, however, will be chemically consumed over time. The oxygen in this pocket of air will be used up by further thickening of the oxide layer. The nitrogen may then be converted into nitrides, although this process depends on which metal it happens in.

When liquid metal is subjected to high pressure, as during die casting, liquid metal may be forced through the oxide film. This phenomenon is able to partially bond the two facing oxide surfaces, thus reducing the severity of the defect.

See also
Non-metallic inclusions

References
 Castings by J. Campbell (Elsevier, 2003) Chapter 2.

Casting (manufacturing)
Kaiserliche Werften. Kaiserliche Werften were government-owned shipyards which were responsible for the construction and repair of warships of the Prussian Navy from 1871 to 1920. They were also responsible for the design and construction of a small number of aircraft for the German Navy during World War I

There were three Kaiserliche Werften:

 Kaiserliche Werft Danzig
 Kaiserliche Werft Kiel
 Kaiserliche Werft Wilhelmshaven
Waterloo, Caerphilly. Waterloo () is a small hamlet to the east of Caerphilly, Wales, in the community of Rudry.

History and amenities 
Whilst there is only a selection of houses, there was at one time a large tin plate works which, amongst other items, made equipment for the aviation industry (there was an aircraft works at Machen, next to the foundry which was just above the Royal Oak area in Machen) and to support various other enterprises in the area. The English name Waterloo, came from the two streets in the village, named after the Waterloo Forge and Tin Plate. The tinplate works closed in 1943.

Also sited at Waterloo was the Coates Brothers Paint works which was, together with the colliery, one of the biggest employers in the area. The company was later devolved to making inks etc., and closed in the late 1990s. The site was undergoing planning permission to become a housing estate but this was rejected by Caerphilly Borough County Council in 2019.  As at 2021 no planning application exists.

A Green Plaque was erected to mark the hamlet as the birthplace of Dr William Price who spent his childhood in Waterloo. It can be found on a end house of Waterloo Terrace. The area at the time was known as part of Rudry.

References

Villages in Caerphilly County Borough
Ukrainian Engineers' Society of America. The Ukrainian Engineers' Society of America is an organization of Ukrainian engineers and students based in New York City. The society was founded in New York City on September 18, 1948, by a group of Ukrainian immigrants of the engineering profession.  Their first annual meeting was held on November 20, 1948. Their goal is to "...unite engineers and scientists for their mutual professional enrichment and exchange of knowledge; and also to study the current status of technology, industry and the economy in Ukraine; and for the development of a social/professional network".  The society publishes the periodicals Ukrainian Engineering News and Bulletin TYIA. They also have published books.

According to their website, their functions include:
Providing social opportunities to meet with other Ukrainian professionals.
Providing a central location for current information about technical developments in Ukraine and by Ukrainians in both the United States and Ukraine.
Providing unique professional networking opportunities
Providing mentoring opportunities to assist students pursuing careers in the technical and economic fields.
Honoring and publicizing the contributions of Ukrainian engineers, architects, economists, and other technical professionals.
Aiding in projects intended to benefit the Ukrainian community in the United States

References

External links
 UESA website

Scientific societies based in the United States
Ukrainian-American culture in New York City
Engineering societies
Ukrainian diaspora in the United States
Douglas T2D. The Douglas T2D was an American twin-engined torpedo bomber contracted by the military, and required to be usable on wheels or floats, and operating from aircraft carriers. It was the first twin-engined aircraft to be operated from an aircraft carrier.

Development and design
In 1925, the United States Navy's Bureau of Aeronautics designed a twin-engined torpedo bomber aircraft, intended to have greater performance than contemporary single-engined aircraft. A single prototype was built by the Naval Aircraft Factory as the XTN-1, which was quickly followed by three identical aircraft built by Douglas, the T2D-1.

The XTN/T2D was a large two bay biplane, capable of easy conversion between floats and wheels, and carrying a crew of four.

Operational history
The first three T2D-1's were delivered to the torpedo bomber squadron VT-2 on 25 May 1927, being used for successful trials aboard the aircraft carrier . A further nine T2D-1's were ordered in 1927, these normally being operated as floatplanes, partly owing to criticism from the Army of the Navy operating large land-based bombers, and partly as its large size prevented Langley from embarking a full airwing.

A further 18 aircraft were ordered in June 1930 as patrol floatplanes, being designated P2D-1. These were operated by Patrol Squadron VP-3 in the Panama Canal Zone until they were replaced by Consolidated PBYs in 1937.

Variants

XTN-1
Original prototype built by Naval Aircraft Factory. One built.
T2D-1
Production aircraft, convertible torpedo bomber/patrol floatplane, powered by Wright R-1750 Cyclones. 12 built.
P2D-1
Dedicated patrol floatplane. Fitted with twin tail for improved engine out performance and powered by two Wright R-1820 Cyclones. 18 built.

Operators

United States Navy

Specifications (T2D-1 landplane / floatplane)

References

External links

Boeing page for Douglas T2D

T2D
1920s United States bomber aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1927
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Carrier-based aircraft
Floatplanes
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Erich Bloch. Erich Bloch (January 9, 1925 – November 25, 2016) was a German-born American electrical engineer and administrator. He was involved with developing IBM's first transistorized supercomputer, 7030 Stretch, and mainframe computer, System/360. He served as director of the National Science Foundation from 1984 to 1990.

Biography
Bloch was born in Sulzburg, Germany in 1925. Bloch was the son of Josef Bloch a Jewish businessman and Lina Rothschild a housewife, who were both later murdered in the Holocaust. He survived the war in a refugee camp in Switzerland and emigrated in 1948 to the United States. He studied electrical engineering at ETH Zurich and received his Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering from the University of Buffalo.

Bloch joined IBM after graduating in 1952. He was engineering manager of IBM's Stretch supercomputer system and director of several research sites during his career. In June 1984, Ronald Reagan nominated Bloch to succeed Edward Alan Knapp become director of the National Science Foundation. The same year, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences. In 1985, Bloch was awarded one of the first National Medals of Technology and Innovation along with Bob O. Evans and Fred Brooks for their work on the IBM System/360.

After stepping down as director of the National Science Foundation, Bloch joined the Council on Competitiveness as its first distinguished fellow. The IEEE Computer Society awarded him the Computer Pioneer Award in 1993 for high speed computing. In 2002, the National Science Board honored Bloch with the Vannevar Bush Award. He was made a Fellow of the Computer History Museum in 2004 "for engineering management of the IBM Stretch supercomputer, and of the Solid Logic Technology used in the IBM System/360, which revolutionized the computer industry."

Bloch died at the age of 91 from complications of Alzheimer's disease on 25 November 2016 in Washington, D.C.

Awards
National Medal of Technology and Innovation (1985)
Computer Pioneer Award (1993)
Vannevar Bush Award (2002)
Computer History Museum Fellow (2004)

References

External links
Erich Bloch profile via Washington Advisory Group
Erich Bloch profile via IEEE
Erich Bloch profile via IBM

1925 births
2016 deaths
People from Sulzburg
People from the Republic of Baden
20th-century German Jews
American electrical engineers
IBM Research computer scientists
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences
National Medal of Technology recipients
University at Buffalo alumni
George H. W. Bush administration personnel
Reagan administration personnel
Emigrants from Nazi Germany
Immigrants to the United States
ETH Zurich alumni
GMR Institute of Technology. GMR Institute of Technology (GMRIT) is an engineering college in India. It is in the Rajam, Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh. It is affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada.

History 
GMRIT was established in 1997 by the GMR Varalakshmi Foundation — the corporate social responsibility arm of the GMR Group.

Dr. C.L.V.R.S.V. Prasad is principal of GMRIT.

Departments 
GMRIT offers a four-year Bachelors in Technology (B.Tech.) programme in eight disciplines. Students are admitted on the basis of merit in EAMCET.

Departments at GMRIT are: 
Civil Engineering
Computer Science and Engineering
Computer Science and Engineering(Artificial intelligence & Machine learning)
Computer Science and Engineering(Artificial intelligence & Data Science)
Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Electronics and Communications Engineering
Information Technology
Mechanical Engineering

GMRIT offers seven M.Tech. programmes in seven specialized areas of engineering. Students are admitted on the basis of merit scores of GATE/PGCET through common window of counseling for category 'A' seats or category 'B' seats.

M.Tech. program/courses are offered with the following specializations: 
Transportation Engineering
Computer science & Engineering
Digital Electronics & Communication Systems
VLSI Design — Second Shift
Power and Industrial Drives
Mechanical — CAD / CAM
Environmental Engineering

Rankings 
The National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) ranked the institute in 201-300 band in the engineering rankings in 2024.

References

External links
Official website

Engineering colleges in Andhra Pradesh
Universities and colleges in Srikakulam district
Educational institutions established in 1997
1997 establishments in Andhra Pradesh
Uttarandhra