omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Applebay GA-II Chiricahua. The Applebay GA-II Chiricahua is an American high-wing, single-seat, FAI Standard Class glider that was designed and constructed by George Applebay, first flying in 1970.

Design and development
Applebay started the Chiricahua as a standard class sailplane in 1959, but the aircraft was not completed for 11 years, first flying in 1970. It was named for the Chiricahua people, a group of Apache Native Americans.

The aircraft is made from wood and covered in a combination of plywood and doped Ceconite. Its  span wing employs a Göttingen 549 airfoil and features Schempp-Hirth style top surface airbrakes. As originally specified for the standard class, the landing gear was a fixed monowheel.

Only one example was built.

Operational history
On 7 July 1974 at New River, Arizona the prototype, N9413, was involved in an accident and substantially damaged. The aircraft was on a soaring flight, ran out of lift, made an attempted landing on a road in a  crosswind and struck a tree. The 24-year-old pilot, who had 32 hours of flying time total, including 11 hours on type, was not injured. The aircraft has since been re-registered as N53MB.

Specifications (GA-II)

See also

References

External links
Gŏttingen 549 airfoil

1970s United States sailplanes
Homebuilt aircraft
GA-II
Aircraft first flown in 1970
Bruce Lusignan. Bruce Lusignan (born 1936) is an emeritus professor of electrical engineering at Stanford University
and a visiting professor at Portland State University.
He earned his B.S.E.E ('58), M.S.E.E. ('59) and Ph.D. ('63) degrees from Stanford. In the early 1960s, he worked in radio astronomy at Stanford.
He has been director of Stanford's Communication Satellite Planning Center
and Stanford's Center for International Cooperation in Space. He has also owned a small company designing cellular phones and pagers.

His areas of specialization are communications satellites, telephone switches, cellular networks and the related signal processing problems. He is inventor or co-inventor on 16 patents, including devices for metering power,
RF signal reception,
satellite transceivers,
alarm systems for cellular base stations,
tone generators for telephony,
and VSAT terminals.

He has worked on designs for reusable launch vehicles based on the Black Horse concept.
and has helped direct planning efforts for international cooperation on Mars exploration with the then-Soviet Union.
He led later post-Soviet cooperation in planning for an international Mars mission that included a space logistics function for ICBMs: using missiles such as the SS-18 to pre-position fuel and other supplies in Earth orbit, and Russia's Energia booster to send the supplies to Mars ahead of the crew.

Lusignan also takes a strong interest in the politics and issues that arise in economic development, including sustainable development in Africa, earthquake relief and reconstruction in Peru,
and rural telecommunications in the Middle East.
For a number of years he ran EDGE – "Ethics of Development in a Global Environment" – a weekly seminar at Stanford about issues in international conflict, trade, environmental sustainability, and amelioration of poverty and racism.

In 1982, he was one of a number of professors who, with the support of their institutions, openly defied restrictions on use of otherwise-publicly available materials rationalized via the Arms Export Control Act.

References

Bibliography

External links 

 
 
 

1936 births
Living people
20th-century American inventors
21st-century American inventors
Stanford University alumni
Stanford University School of Engineering faculty
Space advocates
Carl Marcus Olson. Carl Marcus Olson (1911 – May 16, 2011) has been credited as the discoverer of the process to make silicon pure.

Early life
Carl Marcus Olson was born in 1911, to Swedish immigrants in Chicago. His father, Dr. Oscar N. Olson, a clergyman, and his mother, Wilhelmina Peterson Olson raised him and his older sister Heloise in Sioux City, Iowa, and Rock Island, Illinois. He graduated from Rock Island High School and Augustana College. After graduating from Augustana in 1932, he went to the University of Chicago for his Ph.D.

Career
Olson was recruited to work for the DuPont Company in Baltimore, Maryland, at the Krebs Pigment and Color plant as a chemist/physicist for work on the white pigment titanium dioxide.

During World War II, an effort was underway to develop electrical components for radar. The key material needed in both paint research and electronics was pure silicon. His research at DuPont pinpointed a way to purify the element, and he grew the first crystal of hyper-pure silicon.  As a result, DuPont started a silicon production program, which in the following years led to use of available silicon for circuits and semiconductors.  The predominant use of silicon for these components and chips lead to the area around San Jose, California, to be nicknamed the "Silicon Valley".

In 1954  was awarded to Olson for the production of metals like titanium by reduction of the metal oxide by a molten salt reducing agent in a specific gravity apparatus.

Dr. Olson died on May 16, 2011, at the age of 99.

References 

1911 births
2011 deaths
Scientists from Chicago
American people of Swedish descent
American chemists
American physicists
American metallurgists
20th-century American inventors
Intelligent Transportation Systems Institute. The Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Institute is a national University Transportation Center headquartered at the University of Minnesota. The ITS Institute researches activities to enhance the safety and mobility of road-based and transit-based transportation, particularly in a northern climate and in rural environments. The ITS Institute focuses on human-centered technology, such as computing, sensing, communications, and control systems.

History 

The ITS Institute was established under section 6024 of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) of 1991. It is currently funded through the federal Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU) transportation bill.

Faculty and staff 

Max Donath is the director of the institute. The multi-disciplinary faculty and research staff represent engineering, public affairs, computer science, and the law school.

Research activities 

The ITS Institute publishes many research reports each year. Some recent topics were distracted driving, teen drivers, bus rapid transit, and driver assistive technologies. The ITS Institute uses several labs and facilities to conduct research, including the Intelligent Vehicles Laboratory, the Minnesota Traffic Observatory, the Northland Advanced Transportation Systems Research Laboratories, and the HumanFIRST program. Research partners include the Research and Technology Innovation Administration (RITA), Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Minnesota Department of Transportation, and Minnesota Local Road Research Board.

Education activities 

The ITS Institute organizes the Advanced Transportation Technologies seminar series and co-sponsors an annual Transportation Career Expo, held at the University of Minnesota. It also offers programs, events, and Web-based tools for K-12 students.

References

External links 
 
 HumanFIRST Program
 Minnesota Traffic Observatory 

Intelligent transportation systems
Road safety organizations
United States federal transportation legislation
Homer G. Tasker. Homer G. Tasker (February 19, 1899 – January 9, 1990) was an American sound engineer. He was nominated for two Academy Awards in the category Sound Recording.

Selected filmography
 Three Smart Girls (1936)
 One Hundred Men and a Girl (1937)

References

External links

1899 births
1990 deaths
American audio engineers
People from Grant County, South Dakota
20th-century American engineers
Turam method. The Turam method is one of the oldest geophysical electro-magnetic methods used for mineral exploration, devised by Erik Helmer Lars Hedstrom in 1937. Its name is derived from Swedish "TU" (two) and "RAM" (frame), referring to the two receiving coils.

Method
An insulated cable a few hundred meters to several kilometers long is laid parallel to the geological strike direction. The cable is either grounded at both ends or laid out in a large loop, and energized at low frequencies (less than 1 kHz). Two receiving coils are moved on lines outside of and perpendicular to the long side of the loop or grounded cable and two components of the resultant field are measured. The primary field generated by the large loop or cable interacts with the soil and subsoil and with a conductive body if present which could be a mineral and creates a resultant electromagnetic field.  The electromagnetic field is measured according to two values: the Field Strength Ratio and the Phase Difference occurring between the two receiving coils . It is a fixed source horizontal loop method. Separation of the two moving coils is usually from 10 to 30 metres. Using an AC bridge (also called compensator bridge), Field Strength Ratio is measured in percent and Phase Difference in degrees. In-phase (Real) and quadrature (Imaginary) values can be calculated from these data. Observed field strength ratio readings are used to calculate reduced ratios using a formula determined by the loop size and shape or the grounded wire length and the position of the receiving coils relative to the loop or grounded wire. The Turam method is a frequency domain method and in a way is the precursor of the time domain fixed loop methods. It is claimed to have detected large flat lying conductors to a depth of 400 metres.

References

Mineral exploration
Norfleet Giddings Bone. Norfleet Giddings Bone (August 12, 1892 – January 24, 1978) was a landscape architect and civil engineer whose career in the military and the private sector spanned nearly five decades.

Biography
He was born in Gainesville, Texas, but received his secondary education and first college degree in New Mexico. In 1911, he graduated from the preparatory department of the New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts (New Mexico A&M) in Mesilla Park.  He continued on at New Mexico A&M and received a Bachelor of Science degree in civil engineering in 1915.

Bone served twice in the United States Army.  He enlisted first in 1917 and was part of the First Aero Squadron based in New Mexico.  Between 1917 and 1920 he served tours in England, France and Germany.  He left military service in 1920 but rejoined in 1927 after having received a second Bachelor of Science degree (1923), this time in landscape architecture from Texas A&M University.

During his second enlistment, he served with the United States Army Air Corps based at Fort Sam Houston in San Antonio, Texas.  While there, he was appointed the assistant to the Quartermaster General.  During this enlistment, which ended in 1932, he also served as the Supervising Landscape Architect and Landscape Engineer at Randolph Air Force Base in San Antonio, and as a supervisor of landscape design at Barksdale Air Force Base in Shreveport, Louisiana.

Upon leaving the Army for a second time in 1932, Bone continued to work in the fields of landscape design and civil engineering for the National Park Service (NPS), the Army Corps of Engineers, and the Texas State Parks Board (now the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department).  While with NPS, he was first assigned to work at Balmorhea State Park in Texas, but in 1936 became the acting superintendent for Bastrop State Park, also in Texas.  His contributions at Bastrop included designs for a footbridge across Copperas Creek, as well as general landscape design and the landscaping around Smithville Dam at Copperas Creek.

Bone's work with the Army Corps of Engineers occurred during World War II, at which time he was charged with maintaining the landscaping of the flying fields at military bases in the San Antonio area. During the 1950s and early 1960s, he served at the Texas State Parks Board as the regional supervisor of the Austin, Dallas and Gainesville areas, retiring in 1963. He died in 1978, aged 85.

References 

1892 births
1978 deaths
People from Gainesville, Texas
American landscape architects
American civil engineers
Architects from Texas
United States Army personnel of World War I
Texas A&M University alumni
New Mexico State University alumni
Military personnel from Texas
United States Army personnel of World War II
20th-century American engineers
United States Army officers
Loren L. Ryder. Loren L. Ryder (March 9, 1900 – May 28, 1985) was an American sound engineer. He won five Academy Awards and was nominated for twelve more in the categories Best Sound Recording and Best Effects.

After serving in World War I, Ryder studied physics and mathematics at the University of California, Berkeley, graduating in 1924. He went to work at Pacific Telephone & Telegraph where he developed an improved technique for transmitting images over telephone lines, using light valves. In 1928, Ryder joined Paramount Pictures where he worked in the emerging field of talking pictures. From and 1936 until 1957 he served as the studio's chief engineer and sound director. Some of his achievements included the development of the VistaVision wide-screen format and the production of the first full-length film using magnetic audio recording. Ryder was part of the production team who received an Academy Honorary Award at the 11th Academy Awards for their efforts on the Paramount film Spawn of the North. During World War II, General George S. Patton called upon Ryder's audio expertise to help disguise the sounds of American tanks at the Battle of the Bulge.

Selected filmography
Best Sound nominee
 Wells Fargo (1937)
 If I Were King (1938)
 The Great Victor Herbert (1939)
 North West Mounted Police (1940)
 Skylark (1941)
 Road to Morocco (1942)
 Melody Inn (1943)
 Double Indemnity (1944)
 The Unseen (1945)
 The War of the Worlds (1953)
 Rear Window (1954)
 The Ten Commandments (1956)

Best Effects
 Union Pacific (1939)
 Typhoon (1940)

References

External links

1900 births
1985 deaths
Academy Honorary Award recipients
American audio engineers
American special effects people
Engineers from California
UC Berkeley College of Letters and Science alumni
Recipients of the John A. Bonner Medal of Commendation
20th-century American engineers
Recipients of the Scientific and Technical Academy Award of Merit
Academy Award for Technical Achievement winners
Celair GA-1 Celstar. The Celair GA-1 Celstar is a South African mid-wing, single-seat, aerobatic glider that was designed by Pieter Celliers and produced by his company, Celair (Pty) Limited.

Design and development
The GA-1 was especially intended for flying competitive glider aerobatics and the resulting airframe was designed to Joint Aviation Requirements 22 standards and stressed to 10 g.

The aircraft is made from a combination of fibreglass and aramid. Its  span wing employs a Wortmann FX-71-L-150/25 airfoil. The ailerons are full-span and mass-balanced. Dive brakes are used for approach control.

At least eight were produced, with two exported to Switzerland and six to the United States.

Operational history
In August 2011 there were two GA-1s registered in the US with the Federal Aviation Administration. US-registered aircraft are in the Experimental - Racing/Exhibition category.

Specifications (GA-1)

See also

References

External links
Celstar three view and photo

1980s South African sailplanes
Celair aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1989
Mid-wing aircraft
Champion Freedom Falcon. The Champion Freedom Falcon is an American mid-wing, T-tailed, pusher configuration, single-seat motor glider that was designed  and constructed by Ken Champion, first flying in 1982.

Design and development
The Freedom Falcon was constructed with a wooden frame, covered with plywood and doped aircraft fabric covering. It mounts a  OMC Golden Phantom Wankel engine behind the cockpit, with the variable-pitch propeller above the tail boom. The  span wing employs a Göttingen 549 airfoil and mounts spoilers for glidepath control.

Only one example was completed and it was registered with the US Federal Aviation Administration in the Experimental - amateur-built category. FAA records indicate that the aircraft's registration expired on 30 June 2011 and was not renewed, so it is unknown whether the aircraft still exists.

Specifications (Freedom Falcon)

See also

References

External links
Göttingen 549 airfoil

1980s United States sailplanes
Homebuilt aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1982
Motor gliders
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Pine Grove Railroad Station. The Pine Grove Railroad Station was the end of the line for the 1870 South Mountain Railroad, which transported materials from limestone pits and three operating ore mines for the Pine Grove Iron Works.  The station had a roundhouse and, by 1872, a depot with siding (the 1877 South Mountain Railway and Mining Company's plan for an 1880 westward rail extension to an ore bed was never built.)   "Pine Grove" was listed on the Gettysburg and Harrisburg Railroad's passenger schedule of April 21, 1884; and the SMRR railroad offices and repair shops (Jno. H. Christman, Master Mechanic) were transferred to the 1891 Hunter's Run and Slate Belt Railroad with the station servicing the 1892 Fuller Brick and Slate Company south of the tracks (iron works production ended in 1895.)  Despite a 1902 forest fire in the area that destroyed buildings, both "Pine Grove Furnace" and "Pine Grove Park" were listed as 1904 HR & SB RR railway stations, and in 1912 new Reading Company track was laid to Pine Grove on "the former Hunters Run and Slate Belt Line".  The Pine Grove area was sold to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in 1913, the tracks and ties have been removed, and the station area is part of the Pine Grove Furnace State Park.

References

Former railway stations in Pennsylvania
Transportation buildings and structures in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania
History of Cumberland County, Pennsylvania
1870 establishments in Pennsylvania
1913 disestablishments in Pennsylvania
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1870
Railway stations in the United States closed in 1913
Wa Technical University. The Wa Technical University (formerly Wa Polytechnic) is a public tertiary institution in the Upper West Region of Ghana.

Program run are: 
Pharmacy technology / dispensing technology
Agricultural engineering
Mechanical engineering
Building technology / estate management
Industrial arts
Civil engineering
Information communication technology
Accountancy
Banking and finance
Purchasing and supply

Graduation 
The university held its first ever university graduation on the 14th of November 2020.

Vice Chancellors 

 Vice Chancellor, Prof Baba Insah - 2020 to present

See also 

 List of universities in Ghana
 Education in Ghana

References

Polytechnics in Ghana
Wa, Ghana
1999 establishments in Ghana
Technical universities and colleges
Universities in Ghana
Universities and colleges established in 1999
Chemcatcher. Chemcatcher is a passive sampling device for monitoring a variety of pollutants (including trace metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides and pharmaceutical residues) in water. It is a reusable three component, water-tight PTFE body. Two different designs are available to accommodate different types of commercially available 47 mm diameter receiving phase disks.

Background
Most monitoring programmes involve the periodic collection of low volume spot samples (bottle or grab) of water, which is challenging, particularly where levels fluctuate over time and when chemicals are only present at trace, yet toxicologically relevant concentrations.  Chemcatcher is used to measure time-weighted average (TWA) or equilibrium concentrations of a wide range of pollutants in water. This allows the end user to obtain a more representative picture of the chemicals that may be present in the aquatic environment.

Development
The Chemcatcher concept was developed by Professors Richard Greenwood and Graham Mills at the University of Portsmouth, together with colleagues from Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden. The device is patented in a number of countries and the name is a registered trademark in Ireland and the United Kingdom.

T.E. Laboratories (TelLab), based in Tullow, Ireland, holds the global licence to manufacture and sell Chemcatcher.

Use
The sampler can be deployed in the field for extended periods of time ranging from days to weeks. The specific pollutants of interest are sequestered by the samplers and these are retained on the receiving phase disk. After retrieval from the environment the pollutants are eluted from the disk and analysed in the laboratory using conventional instrumental methods. In order to obtain TWA concentrations the sampler must first be calibrated in the laboratory so as to ascertain the uptake rate (usually measured as the volume of water cleared per unit time i.e. L/h for the analyte) of the pollutant of interest. Chemcatcher has been used in a range of aquatic environments; however, most work to date has been in monitoring the TWA concentrations of priority and emerging pollutants in surface waters.

The use of passive sampling devices, such as Chemcatcher or polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS), has a number of advantages over the use of spot or bottle sampling for monitoring pollutants in the aquatic environment. The latter technique gives only an instantaneous concentration of the pollutant as the specific time of sampling. Passive samplers, depending on their mode of use, can give either the TWA or equilibrium concentration of the pollutant over the deployment period. The measurement of TWA concentrations can give a better indication of the long-term environmental conditions and enables improved risk assessment. Chemcatcher can be used to monitor both polar and non-polar compounds.

References

External links 
https://chemcatcher.ie/
https://tellab.ie/water-innovation/
http://www.port.ac.uk/research/chemcatcher/

Analytical chemistry
Environmental monitoring
Environmental science
Scientific equipment
School of Mining Engineering of Madrid. The School of Mining Engineering of Madrid (Spanish: Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas y Energia) is located in calle Ríos Rosas, Madrid, Spain. It is one of the engineering schools of the Technical University of Madrid which was founded in 1971 through the integration of the Higher Technical Schools.

History
The mining school is older than the nineteenth-century building in which it is housed. It was founded in 1777 as the Academia de Minería y Geografía Subterránea de Almadén, located at Almadén, site of an important mercury mine, approximately 300 km south of Madrid. The curriculum was influenced by the Freiberg University of Mining and Technology.

Mercury became very valuable in the Americas in the mid 16th century due to the introduction of amalgamation, a process that uses mercury to extract the metals from gold and silver ore. Mercury was exported to the Americas, although there was also a source of mercury in Peru.

As Spain was impacted by the loss of its South American colonies, and the increasing economic importance of coal, Almadén became less appropriate for the site of a national mining school.  It was relocated to Madrid in the 1830s.

Building

It was designed by Ricardo Velázquez Bosco.  Like some other buildings by this architect, it features ceramic decorations by Daniel Zuloaga.
It was declared Bien de Interés Cultural in 1985.

See also
 Exposición Nacional de Minería (1883)
 Geological and Mining Institute of Spain
 Palacio de Minería (Mexico)

References

External links

 Website

Buildings and structures in Ríos Rosas neighborhood, Madrid
Bien de Interés Cultural landmarks in Madrid
Schools of mines