omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
RoboNet. RoboNet-1.0 was a prototype global network of UK-built 2-metre robotic telescopes, the largest of their kind in the world, comprising the Liverpool Telescope on La Palma (Canary Islands), the Faulkes Telescope North on Maui (Hawaii), and the Faulkes Telescope South in Australia, managed by a consortium of ten UK universities under the lead of Liverpool John Moores University. For the technological aims of integrating a global network to act effectively as a single instrument, and maximizing the scientific return by applying the newest developments in e-Science, RoboNet adopted the intelligent-agent architecture devised and maintained by the eSTAR project.

With the flexible scheduling and short response time of robotic telescopes being ideal for time-domain astronomy, RoboNet-1.0 had two major science goals that critically depend on these requirements: the determination of origin and nature of gamma-ray bursts, and the detection of cool extra-solar planets by means of gravitational microlensing.

Apart from their science use, the telescopes forming the RoboNet-1.0 have also been made available for two educational programmes, the Faulkes Telescope Project and the National Schools‘ Observatory.

The RoboNet microlensing programme, led by the University of St Andrews, engages in a common campaign with the PLANET collaboration since 2005.

With the official end of RoboNet-1.0 in October 2007, and the earlier acquisition of the two Faulkes Telescopes by Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, the microlensing programme is carried on as RoboNet-II. Starting in 2008, RoboNet-II has been using the expert system for microlensing anomaly detection
that is being provided by the Automated Robotic Terrestrial Exoplanet Microlensing Search (ARTEMiS). RoboNet-II aims at obtaining a first census of cool terrestrial exoplanets.

Research highlights
RoboNet data have contributed to the detection of several extra-solar planets (in the order of announcement of their discovery)
 OGLE-2005-BLG-071Lb
 OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb (the most Earth-like planet at the time of its discovery)
 OGLE-2005-BLG-169Lb
 OGLE-2006-BLG-109Lb and OGLE-2006-BLG-109Lc (a pair similar to Jupiter and Saturn in the Solar system)
 OGLE-2007-BLG-368Lb a cold Neptune-Mass planet
 MOA-2009-BLG-319Lb a massive planet orbiting an M dwarf
 MOA-2009-BLG-387Lb
 MOA-2009-BLG-266Lb a cold, ~10 Earth Mass planet

References
AN , 330, 1, 4 (2009) - RoboNet-II: Follow-up observations of microlensing events with a robotic network of telescopes
MNRAS, 396, 2087–2102 (2009) - A Metric and Optimisation Scheme for Microlens Planet Searches

External links
RoboNet homepage
eSTAR homepage
ARTEMiS homepage
LJMU Astrophysics Research Institute
University of St Andrews Astronomy Group
Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network (LCOGT)
The Sky at Night episode on RoboNet (August 2007)
Microlensing Observations in Astrophysics
Burst Observer and Optical Transient Exploring System (BOOTES) Robotic Telescope Network

Robotic telescopes
Roanoke Municipal Airport. Roanoke Municipal Airport  is two miles south of Roanoke, in Randolph County, Alabama. The FAA's National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2009–2013 categorized it as a general aviation facility.

Facilities
The airport covers  at an elevation of 907 feet (276 m). Its single runway, 11/29, is 3,697 by 80 feet (1,127 x 24 m) asphalt.

In the year ending March 17, 2009 the airport had 3,116 aircraft operations, average 259 per month, all general aviation. 16 aircraft were then based at this airport: 94% single-engine and 6% ultralight.

See also
 List of airports in Alabama

References

External links 
 Aerial image as of 7 March 1997 from USGS The National Map
 Airfield photos for 7A5 from Civil Air Patrol

Airports in Alabama
Transportation buildings and structures in Randolph County, Alabama
MTR Adtranz–CAF EMU. The Adtranz-CAF EMU (also known as A-Train, CAF-Train or LAR-Train) is an electric multiple unit (EMU) train that operates on the MTR rapid transit railway system in Hong Kong. There are two variants, one used on the conventional Tung Chung line, and a more luxurious version used on the Airport Express. The vehicle interiors were designed for MTR by Jones Garrard (Tung Chung Line) and Design Triangle (Airport Express), while the vehicle exterior and driver's cab interior were designed in the UK by Design Triangle (the first two model building of these were made in Spain by ). These two variations are built jointly by Adtranz (acquired by Bombardier Transportation in 2001) and Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles (CAF) and manufactured in Spain in 1996-7.

History 

On 21 November 1994, the joint venture of AEG Schienenfahrzeuge GmbH (later Adtranz) and Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles was awarded the contract to build the rolling stock for the Lantau Airport Railway under Contract 551.

Details 
The Adtranz–CAF trains initially were formed as 7-car sets up until 2003–2005 when the 8th car was added. They were built and assembled by CAF in Spain while Adtranz contributed control and traction equipment. Their maximum speed is  but with service limits to , with maximum acceleration of , maximum service brake deceleration of  and emergency brake of . These trains are equipped with the AEG DASU 6.1 3-level GTO–VVVF inverter.

Tung Chung line stock 
Trains of the Tung Chung line were made up of 7 cars up until 2003, and were increased to 8 cars with the 'W7XX' car added in 2003 when the West Rail line and Nam Cheong station was opened. The total number of cars ordered was 96.

The configuration of a TCL train is (Westbound) V6XX-W6XX-X6XX-Y7XX-W7XX-X7XX-Z8XX-V8XX (Eastbound).

Airport Express stock 
Trains of Airport Express (AEL) were made up of 7 cars up until 2005. The total number of cars ordered was 88. To cope with the extra traffic demand derived from the opening of AsiaWorld–Expo station, an additional 'F2XX' car was added to each train to form a total of 8 cars. However, the 'K4XX' cars function as baggage container cars for bulky baggage checked in via the in-town check-in services at Hong Kong and Kowloon stations.

Configuration of an AEL train is (Westbound) E1XX-F1XX-G1XX-H2XX-F2XX-G2XX-J4XX-K4XX (Eastbound). Except for 'K4XX' cars that have 5 doors on each side, all other cars in AEL have 2 doors on each side and 1 wheelchair space. Each passenger car is mounted with 2 LCD monitors at each end for broadcasting entertainment or tourist television programmes and train announcements, such as next-station broadcasts.

References

MTR rolling stock
CAF multiple units
Adtranz multiple units
1500 V DC multiple units
Train-related introductions in 1998
AC Locomotive Group. The AC Locomotive Group is a dedicated AC electric locomotive preservation society in England. It has five locomotives in its care: 81002, 82008, 83012, 85101 and 89001.

History

Locomotives
In 1996, Pete Waterman, who had purchased the sole surviving examples of AC electric classes 81, 82, 83 and 85, put his entire fleet of locomotives for sale. The AC Locomotive Group (ACLG) was formed with the intention of purchasing all four machines. This was accomplished in June 1997, and three of the four locomotives were moved to Barrow Hill Engine Shed in December 1998, with the fourth joining them in early 2000. Also between 2000 and 2008, the group had 84001 on loan from the National Railway Museum, and this was given a major cosmetic overhaul following a long period stored in the open.

In 2002, leasing company HSBC Rail UK placed 86213 on loan to the group while in 2004, 86401 was purchased. The same year, GNER placed 89001 into the group's care following closure of part of Doncaster Works where it had been stored out of use.

In 2005 the ACLG was honoured by the naming of 87002 as The AC Locomotive Group. This was owned by Porterbrook and painted in its purple colour scheme, and later became the last Class 87 to haul a passenger train in regular service. Also in 2005, the group purchased 86101 and 86213.

At the end of 2006 GNER put 89001 up for sale, and following a high-profile appeal, the ACLG successfully purchased the loco for preservation. In 2008, the group was able to acquire the loco that carried its name, 87002, for preservation. For four months in early 2008, 86101 operated services from London King's Cross to Doncaster hauling Cargo-D Mark 3s under hire to First Hull Trains. In February 2016, 86213 was sold for export to Bulgaria.

The ACLG hired 86101, 86401 and 87002 to main-line operator Electric Traction Limited for use on Caledonian Sleeper services from London Euston to Edinburgh and Glasgow between 2015 and 2019. After this work ceased in May 2019, 86101 and 87002 were sold to Locomotive Services and 86401 to West Coast Railways.

Restoration
The ACLG made great strides to restore electrical equipment in their early locomotives; early successes included the restoration of auxiliary equipment (including cooling fans) in locomotives 82008 and 83012. In 2006, 81002 was completed electrically to a condition where it could be powered up from the overhead wires.

Most locomotives in the collection have received full cosmetic overhauls since acquisition, with both 82008 and 85101 receiving fictitious makeovers for various periods. As at June 2020, 89001 is in the final stages of an overhaul to return it to main line operation.

Gallery

References

External links
Official website

Preserved electric locomotives
Rail transport preservation in the United Kingdom
1996 establishments in England
Institute of Information Technology Advancement. The Institute of Information Technology Advancement (IITA) is a South Korea government organization under the National IT Industry Promotion Agency (NIPA), working in the fields of research and development (R&D) and information technology (IT).

Many IT-projects in Korea are funded by the IITA.

IITA Scholarship
IITA also offers the Korean government's "IITA Scholarship Program" to qualified international graduate students enrolled in Korean universities in majors such as IT, computer engineering, computer science, electronics and related fields. Applications are possible twice a year (in spring and fall). Those already enrolled in a Korean university must have an academic advisor. All applications must be made through the participating schools on behalf of the students. The scholarships cover tuition fees and all other expenses for two years (masters) or four years (for a PhD degree).

External links
Official NIPA website
Official website for Scholarship 
National Institute for International Education Development (English website)

Student financial aid
Communications in South Korea
Government agencies of South Korea
Information technology institutes
Scholarships in South Korea
Government agencies established in 1999
1999 establishments in South Korea
The Electrical Experimenter. The Electrical Experimenter was an American technical science magazine that was published monthly. It was established in May 1913, as the successor to Modern Electrics, a combination of a magazine and mail-order catalog that had been published by Hugo Gernsback starting in 1908. The Electrical Experimenter continued from May 1913 to July 1920 under that name, focusing on scientific articles about radio, and continued with a broader focus as Science and Invention until August 1931.

The magazine was edited by Hugo Gernsback until March 1929, when the Experimenter Publishing empire of Sidney and Hugo Gernsback was forced into bankruptcy; after that date it was edited by Arthur H. Lynch.

Under the editorship of Gernsback, it also published some early science fiction; he published several of his own stories in the magazine starting in 1915, and encouraged others through a 1916 editorial arguing that a "real electrical experimenter, worthy of the name" must have imagination and a vision for the future. Between August 1917 and July 1919, Nikola Tesla wrote five articles for the magazine, and also published parts of his autobiography in segments in several issues in 1919.

References

External links 

 Scanned copies via archive.org
 Searchable scanned PDF copies via americanradiohistory.com
 Online archive of the covers 
 Radio Detector Development, The Electrical Experimenter, January, 1917
 An archive of The Electrical Experimenter magazine

1913 establishments in New York City
1931 disestablishments in New York (state)
Defunct magazines published in New York City
Magazines published by Hugo Gernsback
Magazines disestablished in 1931
Magazines established in 1913
Monthly magazines published in the United States
Popular science magazines
Science and technology magazines published in the United States
Agency Lake (Oregon). Agency Lake is a natural lake located west of Chiloquin in Klamath County, Oregon. It is actually the northern arm of Upper Klamath Lake, connected by a narrow channel.
Its primary inflow is the Wood River, while its outflow is Upper Klamath Lake (indirectly the Link River, Upper Klamath Lake's outflow). The lake has a surface area of approximately .
The lake is very shallow, and experiences high winds.
[Modoc Point Road] runs along the east side. Agency Lake Resort is located on the east side of the lake.

Wetland restoration
The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) has been working to restore  of wetland near the mouth of the Wood River since 1997. The wetlands were damaged in the 1960s and 70s when water was diverted for farmland. The BLM also plans to add walking trails and picnic areas.

Flora and fauna
The most common type of fish in the lake are trout, especially Great Basin redband trout. Over 50 species of birds live on or near the lake.

Recreation
Fishing is a popular activity on the lake. Six boat ramps are located on the lake. The Agency Lake Resort, located on the lake's eastern shore, features a campground with 40 campsites, marina, boat ramp, and convenience store.

Agency Lake can be accessed by boat or canoe from the marshes route off Malone Springs.

See also
 List of lakes in Oregon

References

External links

Lakes of Oregon
Lakes of Klamath County, Oregon
Bureau of Land Management areas in Oregon
Fremont–Winema National Forest
Protected areas of Klamath County, Oregon
Supercell (crystal). In solid-state physics and crystallography, a crystal structure is described by a unit cell repeating periodically over space. There are an infinite number of choices for unit cells, with different shapes and sizes, which can describe the same crystal, and different choices can be useful for different purposes.

Say that a crystal structure is described by a unit cell U. Another unit cell S is a supercell of unit cell U, if S is a cell which describes the same crystal, but has a larger volume than cell U. Many methods which use a supercell perturbate it somehow to determine properties which cannot be determined by the initial cell. For example, during phonon calculations by the small displacement method, phonon frequencies in crystals are calculated using force values on slightly displaced atoms in the supercell. Another very important example of a supercell is the conventional cell of body-centered (bcc) or face-centered (fcc) cubic crystals.

Unit cell transformation

The basis vectors of unit cell U  can be transformed to basis vectors of supercell S  by linear transformation

where  is a transformation matrix. All elements  should be integers with  (with  the transformation preserves volume).  For example, the matrix

transforms a primitive cell to body-centered. Another particular case of the transformation is a diagonal matrix (i.e., ). This called diagonal supercell expansion and can be represented as repeating of the initial cell over crystallographic axes of the initial cell.

Application

Supercells are also commonly used in computational models of crystal defects to allow the use of periodic boundary conditions.

See also
 Crystal structure
 Bravais lattice
 Primitive cell
 Space group

References

External links
 IUCR online dictionary of crystallography

Crystallography
Perthes, Haute-Marne. Perthes () is a commune in the Haute-Marne department in north-eastern France.

World War II
After the liberation of the area by Allied Forces in September 1944, engineers of the Ninth Air Force IX Engineering Command began construction of a combat Advanced Landing Ground outside of the town.  Declared operational on 9 September, the airfield was designated as "A-65", it was used by several combat units until October when the units moved forward with the advancing Allies.  Afterward, the airfield was closed.

See also
Communes of the Haute-Marne department

References

Communes of Haute-Marne
Telecom Nancy. The TELECOM Nancy (formerly École supérieure d'informatique et applications de Lorraine  or ÉSIAL) is a grande école of engineering created in 1990. It is associated with the University of Lorraine. TELECOM Nancy is a school associated with the Institut Mines-Télécom. It is the only school of generalised engineering studies in IT and digital sciences and technologies accredited by the Commission des Titres de l’Ingénieur (CTI - Engineer Qualification Committee) in the Greater East of France.

It was created in 1990 and is based in Nancy, France.

The standard curriculum is a three-year program (after two years of preparation) resulting in the French Diplôme d'Ingénieur, which is equivalent to a Master's degree of the European Higher Education Area.

Educational programmes 
TELECOM Nancy is aimed at producing engineers well-versed in the principles of computing science and automation, and experts at integrating computing hardware and software into their products: information systems engineering, networking engineering, software engineering, telecommunications engineering, and systems engineering. Studies are organized into four possible themes and students (at the end of the first common year) have to choose a field they want to learn more about:

 IL - Ingénierie Logicielle Software engineering
 SIE - Systèmes d'Information d'Entreprise (Enterprise Information Systems)
 TRS - Télécommunications, Réseaux et Systèmes / Services Telecommunication
 LE - Logiciels Embarqués Embedded software
 IAMD - Masse de Données Big Data

At the end of each year, TELECOM Nancy students have to do an internship in order to practise their knowledge and be part of the Working world:
 First year: a one-month internship in a non-computer science field, in order to discover the everyday life in a firm.
 Second year: a two-month internship in a computer development field.
 Third year: a six-month engineer internship.

Also, the third year can happen in another school or university. You can use a few networks the school is connected to:
 ERASMUS, giving access to many schools in Europe.
 CREPUQ, giving access to Canada's schools.
 Or simply stay in the network of schools that are partners of the Université de Lorraine, as is TELECOM Nancy.

Teaching 
Most of TELECOM Nancy teachers are researchers, mainly in these three laboratories:

 the LORIA (Laboratoire lorrain de recherche en informatique et ses applications), associated with the INRIA Lorraine (Institut national de recherche en informatique et en automatique) since 1986.
 the CRAN (Centre de recherche en automatique de Nancy), associated with CNRS (Centre national de la recherche scientifique) for more than ten years.
 the IECN (Institut Élie Cartan de Nancy) associated with CNRS and the INRIA Lorraine

Notable alumni 
 Guillaume Rozier, a French engineer, data aggregator, and consultant in data science

External links 
 TELECOM Nancy (Official Website)
 LORIA
 INRIA
 CRAN
 CNRS
 IECN

See also 
 Education in France
 Grandes écoles
 Concours commun Mines-Ponts

Nancy
Nancy, France
Educational institutions established in 1990
University of Lorraine
1990 establishments in France
Magburaka Technical Institute. Magburaka Technical Institute is a two-year technical college located in Magburaka, Tonkolili District, Sierra Leone. It was established in 1975. The school awards diplomas and certificates in areas such as Engineering, Electrician, Carpentry, Plumbing, Business Management and Agricultural science. It is one of the largest technical institutes in Sierra Leone.

Current programmes
Certificate in Engineering
Certificate in Carpentry
Certificate in Plumbing
Certificate in Electrician
Certificate in Agricultural study
Certificate in Business management

External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20080208073457/http://www.oldfranciscans.org/newsandevents/keynoteaddresses.html

Universities and colleges in Sierra Leone
1975 establishments in Sierra Leone
Educational institutions established in 1975
Ikuo Towhata. is a geotechnical engineering professor at the University of Tokyo, Japan. Currently, he is the chief editor of "Soils and Foundations," a civil engineering journal. His research work is mainly in the areas of liquefaction of soil during earthquakes.

External links
 
 https://web.archive.org/web/20130825092530/http://geotle.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/member/towhata/index-english.htm

Academic staff of the University of Tokyo
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Virtual human (disambiguation). A virtual human is a real or fictional human being rendered by software.

Virtual human may also refer to:
 Visible Human Project, an effort to create a detailed data set of cross-sectional photographs of the human body
 Virtual Physiological Human, a methodological and technological framework
 Virtual body, a state of being when inhabiting virtual reality or a virtual environment
 Virtual actor, a creation or re-creation of a human being in image and voice using computer-generated imagery and sound

See also 
 Virtual agent (disambiguation)
 Virtual character (disambiguation)
 Avatar (computing), a graphical representation of a user or the user's character or persona
 Embodied agent, an intelligent agent that interacts with the environment through a physical body within that environment
 Virtual Woman, a software program that has elements of a chatbot, virtual reality, artificial intelligence, a video game, and a virtual human