omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
K-14 process. K-14 was the most recent version of the developing process for Kodak's Kodachrome transparency film before its discontinuation (the last revision having been designated Process K-14M). It superseded previous versions of the Kodachrome process used with older films (such as K-12 for Kodachrome II and Kodachrome-X).

The K-14 process differed significantly from its contemporary, the E-6 process, in both complexity and length. Kodachrome film has no integral color couplers; dyes are produced during processing (each color in a separate step) by the reaction of the color couplers with the oxidised developer.

Due to declining sales, Kodak discontinued production of all K-14 chemistry in 2009, concurrently with Kodachrome 64 film. Dwayne's Photo, in Parsons, Kansas, operated the last K-14 line in the world, discontinued sales on 30 December 2010; the last roll was processed on 18 January 2011.

Steps 

The cross-section of Kodachrome film consists of layers which are, from top-to-bottom: blue sensitive (of which the non-sensitized portions will be dyed yellow), yellow filter, blue-green sensitive (dyed magenta), blue-red sensitive (dyed cyan), acetate base, rem-jet anti-halation backing.

The blue-green and blue-red sensitive layers are primarily sensitive to green and red light, respectively, but are sensitive to blue light as well. The yellow filter layer is added to prevent blue light from penetrating to these layers during exposure.

The result is three different color records each with the appropriate dye, just like other color films. The original Kodachrome process in 1935 used dye bleaches and was a far more complex process; the dyes themselves were unstable and faded at high temperature. Although the formulae have changed over the years, the basic process steps have followed a similar pattern since the introduction of "selective re-exposure" Kodachrome in 1938.

References

External links 
 Kodak: Processing Kodachrome film
 K-14 Process Demonstration

Photographic film processes
Horn Massive. Horn Massive is a 2.25-ton (4,500 lbs) 3.5 x 3.1 x 4 m mobile 2,000-watt steel and aluminum horn sound system powered by a commercial 12-inch speaker driver. It functions as a mobile audio input station to project audio content a distance of one kilometre. Horn Massive is a monophonic sound projector designed and built by artist Matt Hope.

Design and construction
The core design of Horn Massive is that it is the largest horn which can be transported by a conventional truck. The design process took six months, most of that time spent calculating the steel cutting specifications needed for fabrication. Horn Massive was designed using the software tools AutoCAD, Bass Box Pro, Rhino 3D, 3D studio Max and Horn Calc.

Horn Massive was built at Visual Arts fabrication machine shop at the University of California, San Diego. Fabrication time from cutting the first steel plate to final assembly was 14 months. The construction of Horn Massive required an extensive set of tools and machinery. The major part of the construction time was spent on fabrication, mig welding and machining all of the components. Horn Massive was built with help from the Scripps marine science development shop in La Jolla, California. 

The elements of Horn Massive, primarily made of mild steel, include the horn, frame, chassis/platform and lifting rig. All connecting components are made 6061 aluminum. Horn Massive cost approximately $8,000 in materials and components.

Publicity and events 
Horn Massive has been discussed in RES magazine, Art net, Art forum, Re-up, and Xtra. It has been exhibited/played at the Supersonic 1 show in Los Angeles 2004, Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival, Burning Man and LA Freewaves festivals.

References 
 Matt Hope projects

See also 
 Broadcasting
 Loudspeaker
 Matterhorn subwoofer

Loudspeakers
Broadcasting
ACASS. ACASS, or Architect-Engineer Contract Administration Support System, was developed in 1975, in response to The 1972 Brooks Architect-Engineer Act, Public Law 92–582 (see external link below). The Brooks Act requires the public announcement of requirements for A–E services by Federal agencies (with some exceptions provided by other statutes); selection of the most highly qualified firms based on demonstrated competence and professional qualifications; and the negotiation of a fair and reasonable price, starting with the highest qualified firm. Hence, the selection of A–E contractors is focused on qualifications, and not the lowest price. ACASS supports procedures defined in Part 36 of the Federal Acquisition Regulations (FAR).

As envisioned, ACASS collected and distributed information used by Federal Government Selection committees in the process of awarding A–E contracts. This information included the SF 330 part II A-E Qualifications Statement submitted by A-E firms to the Online Representations and Certifications Application (ORCA), limited DoD Contract Award information, and A-E Performance Evaluations. Evaluations were retained in the ACASS system for six years from the date signed by the Rating/Evaluating Official.

The ACASS number was abolished when the ACASS system transitioned to a modernized platform on October 5, 2005. The ACASS system now uses the D.U.N.S. number, in place of an ACASS number. Firms should supply their DUNS number, and notify the requestor of the discontinuation of the ACASS number, when asked for their ACASS number.

External links
  ACASS main page at Naval Sea Logistics Center Detachment Portsmouth website, retrieved January 4, 2011
 ACASS main page at U.S. Navy website, retrieved October 21, 2006
 Brooks Architect-Engineer Act, retrieved October 21, 2006
 Contractor Appraisal Information, an outdated page with information regarding ACASS (and CCASS - Construction Contractor Administration Support System).

United States administrative law
Southern Base Engineer Group 2 (United States). Southern Base Engineer Group 2 was formed in the European Theater of Operations United States Army on 1 August 1943.

Composition
The units were as follows:

 332nd Engineer General Service Regiment
 333rd Engineer Special Service Regiment
 354th Engineer General Service Regiment
 437th Engineer Maintenance Company
 416th Engineer Dump Truck Company
 419th Engineer Dump Truck Company
 517th Engineer Dump Truck Company
 518th Engineer Dump Truck Company
 389th Engineer Battalion (separated unit)
 359th Engineer General Service Regiment
 1302nd Engineer General Service Regiment
 1278th Engineer Combat Battalion
 204th Engineer Combat Battalion
 300th Engineer Combat Battalion

References

Groups of the United States Army
Military units and formations established in 1943
Engineering units and formations of the United States Army
Lewis Veraldi. Lewis C. Veraldi (July 16, 1930 – October 13, 1990) was a Ford Motor Company automotive engineer who was a key leader behind the creation of the Ford Taurus.

Veraldi was the son of working-class Italian immigrants who managed to get Lewis and his brother Frank into the Henry Ford Trade School with both working at Ford afterwards. Lewis would attend Lawrence Technological University while working at Ford. Earlier in his career, Veraldi designed a more efficient steering linkage and led the platform team for the Ford Fiesta MKI.

In 1979, Ford Motor Company was in danger of going bankrupt thanks to a moribund product line and increased competition from foreign automakers. Philip Caldwell, Ford's CEO at the time, put Veraldi in charge of a new car to turn Ford's fortunes around, aware that the future of the company would be riding on it.

The Taurus would be a sales success, and set the path for a revitalized Ford Motor Company going into the 1980s and the 1990s.

Often called the "father of the Taurus," Veraldi ended his career as Ford Motor Company vice president in charge of car development, and retired in 1989. He would die from a heart attack one year later in 1990.

Honors
 Automotive Executive of the Year 1987
 Automotive Industries magazine Man of the Year 1987
 Eli Whitney Productivity Award 1987 - Society of Manufacturing Engineers
 Lawrence Technological University - Veraldi Instructional Technology Resource Center (VITRC)

See also
 Ford Taurus

References

Ford people
1930 births
1990 deaths
American people of Italian descent
People from Livonia, Michigan
Osaka Monorail 2000 series. The  is a type of monorail train which has operated on the Osaka Monorail since 2001. The trains are built by Hitachi, Ltd. and Kawasaki Heavy Industries, have aluminium bodies, and operate as four-car formations.

Build details

Interior

Special liveries

Electric multiple units of Japan
Alweg people movers rolling stock
Train-related introductions in 2001

1500 V DC multiple units of Japan
Kawasaki multiple units
Hitachi multiple units
Michael Sweet (programmer). Michael R. Sweet is a computer scientist known for being the original developer of CUPS. He also developed flPhoto, was the original developer of the Gimp-Print software (now known as Gutenprint), and continues to develop codedoc, HTMLDOC, Mini-XML, PAPPL, and many other projects. Sweet has contributed to other free software projects such as FLTK, Newsd, and Samba. He co-owned and ran Easy Software Products (ESP), a small company that specialized in Internet and printing technologies and is now the Chief Technology Officer of Lakeside Robotics Corporation.

Career
Sweet graduated in Computer Science at the SUNY Institute of Technology in Utica-Rome. He then spent several years working for TASC and Dyncorp on real-time computer graphics. After releasing a freeware tool "topcl", in 1993 Sweet set up Easy Software Products (ESP) and developed the ESP Print software. He started work on the CUPS software in 1997 and in 1999 released it under the GNU GPL license along with the commercially licensed ESP Print Pro.

Apple included CUPS in its macOS operating system and in February 2007, they purchased the copyright to the CUPS source code which, unusually for an open source project, was wholly owned by ESP. Apple also hired Sweet to continue the development of CUPS.

While working for Apple, Sweet spent six years as the chair of the Printer Working Group (PWG).

Sweet left Apple in December 2019 to start Lakeside Robotics Corporation. Sweet continues to be secretary of the Internet Printing Protocol (IPP) working group, a designated expert for IPP and the Printer management information base (MIB) for the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), and is active in printing standards development within the PWG. He has written several books including Serial Programming Guide for POSIX Operating Systems, OpenGL Superbible, and CUPS (Common Unix Printing System).

References

External links
Michael Sweet's homepage

Free software programmers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
NASM. NASM may refer to:

 National Academy of Sports Medicine, an American organisation
 Netwide Assembler, a free x86 assembler
 National Air and Space Museum, a Smithsonian museum in Washington, D.C., and Virginia, US
 National Association of Schools of Music, US
 Holland America Line, formerly the Nederlandsch-Amerikaansche Stoomvaart-Maatschappij (Netherlands-American Steamship Company)
 Naval Anti-Ship Missile (disambiguation), one of two types of missiles, short- and medium-range, respectively
C. K. Pithawala College of Engineering and Technology. The C K Pithawala College of Engineering and Technology (CKPCET) in Surat, Gujarat, India, is an engineering college Opened by Chhotubhai Pithawalla and Inaugurated by Pramukh Swami Maharaj (BAPS), currently affiliated to GTU (Gujarat Technical University), previously a part of the Veer Narmad South Gujarat University system, located on the banks of the Tapti River near Magdalla Port.

The college was started in 1998 by the Navyug Trust of Surat which is also home to science, arts, commerce and law colleges of the South Gujarat University (now known as Veer Narmad South Gujarat University). Presently around 1500 students are studying in the institute.

Engineering branches 
 Information and Technology Engineering
 Electronics and Communication Engineering
 Mechanical Engineering
 Electrical Engineering
 Civil Engineering
 Computer Engineering

The college also features comprehensive programs in both pharmacy and management.

External links
 Students on tour 
 Zonal Results – XITIJ 2012
 Inter-Zonal Results – XITIJ 2014
 Conference Hall
 Official website

All India Council for Technical Education
Engineering colleges in Gujarat
Education in Surat
Devil's Den (game). Devil's Den, subtitled "Hood's Assault at Gettysburg", is a board game published by Operational Studies Group (OSG) in  1980 that simulates the fighting to control the key Devil's Den terrain feature during the 1863 Battle of Gettysburg during the American Civil War.

Background
During the second day of the three-day battle of Gettysburg, Devil's Den, a strategic hill, proved to be a weak spot in the Union battle line, and was overrun by Confederate troops from Alabama, Texas and Arkansas after fierce fighting.

Description
Devil's Den simulates the Confederate assault on the original Union position at Devil's Den.

Components
The game box contains:
22" x 34" paper hex grid map of the ground between Little Round Top and Big Round Top, scaled at 30 yd (27 m) per hex
 400 die-cut counters
 rule book
 Study folder
player aid charts
two 6-sided dice

Gameplay
Several scenarios are included with the game, including one for the Confederate assault on Little Round Top.

Publication history
Leonard Millman and Dr. David Martin had previously produced the American Civil War wargame 20th Maine, published by OSG in 1979. The next year, Millman and Martin designed Devil's Den using many of the same rules; it was also published by OSG.

In 1985, Avalon Hill acquired the rights to the game, and revised the rules to include basic and advanced games. It was then republished with artwork by Charles Kibler and George I. Parrish, Jr.

Reception
In Issue 54 of Moves, Steve List considered this a much more refined game than its predecessor, 20th Maine, but noted that "The game plays well, but slowly compared to 20th Maine because of the greater number of counters and markers in play. It is no worse in this respect than any of the [Terrible Swift Sword] family, though." List concluded by giving Devil's Den a grade of B+.

References

American Civil War board wargames
Board games introduced in 1980
Operational Studies Group games
DSRC (disambiguation). DSRC is dedicated short-range communications, a short to medium range wireless protocol.

DSRC may also refer to:

 Dakota Southern Railway (reporting mark), a US railroad
 David Skaggs Research Center, a research center in Colorado, US
 DoD Supercomputing Resource Centers (DSRCs), part of the US DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program
 Daniel Smiley Research Center, a conservation science unit in New York state, US
 DsrC, a protein in dissimilatory sulfate reduction
Qadr (munition). The 9A Qadr is an Iranian surface to ground precision-guided munition (PGM). It is Iran's first generation of air-launched bomb. It was developed by the missile-manufacturing companies of the Iranian Ministry of Defence, not the well-established Aerospace Industries Organisation, who build Iran surface-to-surface guided weapons.

The GBU-67/9A Qadr is an unpowered Electro-Optically guided Glide-Bomb (EO GB), built around a 2,000 lb Mk 84 class bomb body. Both the Qadr and the Zoobin have been designed around standard US-pattern general-purpose bomb shapes, from existing IRIAF stocks. Both weapons have also been given US-style `GBU' and `AGM' designations, although the designers say that these numbers have no greater significance beyond inventory management and parts stocks.

Operators

 Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force

See also
Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces
Defense industry of Iran
List of equipment of the Iranian Army
Historical equipment of the Iranian Army

References

Islamic Republic of Iran Army
Aerial bombs of Iran
Guided bombs
Military equipment introduced in the 2000s
Wood processing. Wood processing is an engineering discipline in the wood industry comprising the production of forest products, such as pulp and paper, construction materials, and tall oil. Paper engineering is a subfield of wood processing.

The major wood product categories are:  sawn timber, wood-based panels, wood chips, paper and paper products and miscellaneous others including poles and railway sleepers.

Forest product processing technologies have undergone extraordinary advances in some of the above categories. Improvements have been achieved in recovery rates, durability and protection, greater utilization of NTFPs such as various grain stalks and bamboo, and the development of new products such as reconstituted wood-panels. Progress has not been homogeneous in all the forest product utilization categories. Although there is little information available on the subjects of technology acquisition, adaptation and innovation for the forest-based industrial sector, it is clear that sawmilling has been far less affected by the spread of innovations than the manufacturing of panel products.

See also
Engineered wood
Wood product
Wood flooring

References

Wood
Tor Sørnes. Tor Sørnes (11 November 1925 – 21 June 2017) was a Norwegian author, politician, engineer and the designer and inventor of the VingCard, the first recodable keycard lock and the magnetic stripe keycard lock.

Biography
Tor Sørnes was born in Sola, Rogaland county, Norway as a son of inventor, radio technician and clockmaker Rasmus Sørnes. Being the son of an inventor, Tor Sørnes occupied himself with technical matters already as a child. In 1950 he was employed a production planner at steel and ironware factory Christiania Staal & Jernvarefabrikk in Moss, Norway. The factory made locks and ice skates under the brand Ving. In 1955 he became the factory's machine constructor and when the factory in 1960—as one of the first in the country—established a department of research and development, he was its director. 

In 1975 he launched the holecard based recodable keycard lock, where each new hotel guest could have his/her own unique key formed by a pattern of 32 holes in a plastic card. The invention is still in worldwide hotel security use under the brand VingCard. The 32 holes in the key gave 4.2 billion combinations, the precise same number as the population of the earth at the time. This lock system was patented in 29 countries. In 1975 Tor Sørnes launched the first recodable cardkey lock, the VingCard, which used a holecard plastic key. He then led the development of and patented the electronic keycard lock, based on the magnetic stripe key.

Export of the system was initiated in 1978 when it was installed in Peachtree Plaza Hotel in Atlanta, Georgia, at the time the world's tallest hotel. The hotel had been troubled by burglaries and was eager to test new security innovations.

In 1992–93 the electronic magnetic stripe card lock was launched and became a worldwide success. Tor Sørnes continued as a vice president and director of R&D at VingCard until retirement in 1992. Following the merger in November 1994 between VingCard's former owners, Abloy Security, and the Swedish Securitas AB, VingCard is now part of Assa Abloy, a Swedish lock manufacturer.

Tor Sørnes is a retired member of Moss city council, and lives in Jeløy. He is the father of author Torgrim Sørnes.

Selected works
2003 – Klokkemakeren Rasmus Sørnes (Borgarsyssel Museum, Sarpsborg Norway)

References

External links
VingCard official website

1925 births
2017 deaths
Locksmiths
20th-century metalsmiths
Norwegian inventors
People from Sola, Norway
Conservative Party (Norway) politicians

no:Tor Sørnes
SOPHAEROS. SOPHAEROS is a computer code, used by the AECL and French Nuclear program to simulate the transfer of fission products in the reactor chamber.  It models fission product behaviour using a set of aerosol dynamic rules, and is used by AECL in fuel channel safety analyses.

References
Adrian V. Gheorghe and Ralf Mock. Risk Engineering: Bridging Risk Analysis With Stakeholders Values. Springer, Jan 1, 1999. pg. 72

Atomic Energy of Canada Limited
Aircraft Manufacturing and Design. Aircraft Manufacturing and Design Co. (AMD) is a manufacturer of three aircraft- the Alarus CH2000, the Zodiac CH601, and the Patriot 150.

The CH2000 is a two-seat, single engine aircraft used primarily for flight training purposes. The CH601 is a two-seat light sport aircraft in the United States of America and an AULA in Canada and is used mainly as a personal aircraft. The Patriot 150 is a two-seat, high-winged SLSA with STOL performance. Unlike the other SLSA (Zodiac), the Patriot is not available as a kit; only as a ready-to-fly SLSA.

The company is headquartered in Eastman, Georgia, USA.

History
Founded in 1974 by aeronautical engineer Chris Heintz, Zenair, Ltd. of Midland, Ontario, Canada began its presence in the light aircraft industry with a single aircraft design, the ZENITH CH 200. This two-seat kit aircraft was designed by Heintz during the sixties while he was chief engineer at French aircraft manufacturer Avions Pierre Robin. The ZENITH was an all-metal two-seat low-wing monoplane, designed to be simple and affordable: Simple because Heintz was an engineer and not a craftsman, and affordable because he was raising a family with five children while building the prototype.

Since 1974, Heintz has designed and developed more than 12 new aircraft models which have been marketed and sold as kit aircraft around the world. Among them was the Zenair ZENITH CH2000.  This aircraft, based on Heintz' kit aircraft CH640 design, received FAA type certification on July 25, 1995.  This type-certified aircraft was renamed and is now manufactured as the AMD Alarus CH2000.

Recently, the company changed hands. Where the original company was owned by a member of the Heintz family (and known as Aircraft Manufacturing and Development, Inc.), the new company was created by the existing executive team and incorporated in Georgia, USA as a Limited Liability Company named Aircraft Manufacturing and Design, LLC. The new company retained the "AMD" shorthand and very similar logos. The new company also took over the responsibility for all the previous AMD's Zodiacs; but not the Alarus. And, the new AMD will be producing the Patriot.

References

External links
 Company website archives on Archive.org

Aircraft manufacturers of the United States
Manufacturing companies based in Georgia (U.S. state)
Companies based in Dodge County, Georgia
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1995
Privately held companies based in Georgia (U.S. state)