omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Wildcard character. In software, a wildcard character is a kind of placeholder represented by a single character, such as an asterisk (), which can be interpreted as a number of literal characters or an empty string. It is often used in file searches so the full name need not be typed.

Telecommunication
In telecommunications, a wildcard is a character that may be substituted for any of a defined subset of all possible characters.

 In high-frequency (HF) radio automatic link establishment, the wildcard character  may be substituted for any one of the 36 upper-case alphanumeric characters.
 Whether the wildcard character represents a single character or a string of characters must be specified.

Computing
In computer (software) technology, a wildcard is a symbol used to replace or represent zero or more characters. Algorithms for matching wildcards have been developed in a number of recursive and non-recursive varieties.

File and directory patterns
When specifying file names (or paths) in CP/M, DOS, Microsoft Windows, and Unix-like operating systems, the asterisk character (, also called "star") matches zero or more characters. For example,  matches  and  but not . If files are named with a date stamp, wildcards can be used to match date ranges, such as *.mp4 to select video recordings from  , to facilitate file operations such as copying and moving.

In Unix-like and DOS operating systems, the question mark  matches exactly one character. In DOS, if the question mark is placed at the end of the word, it will also match missing (zero) trailing characters; for example, the pattern  will match  and , but not .

In Unix shells and Windows PowerShell, ranges of characters enclosed in square brackets ( and ) match a single character within the set; for example,  matches any single uppercase or lowercase letter. In Unix shells, a leading exclamation mark  negates the set and matches only a character not within the list. In shells that interpret  as a history substitution, a leading caret  can be used instead.

The operation of matching of wildcard patterns to multiple file or path names is referred to as globbing.

Databases
In SQL, wildcard characters can be used in LIKE expressions; the percent sign  matches zero or more characters, and underscore  a single character. Transact-SQL also supports square brackets ( and ) to list sets and ranges of characters to match, a leading caret  negates the set and matches only a character not within the list. In Microsoft Access, the asterisk sign  matches zero or more characters, the question mark  matches a single character, the number sign  matches a single digit (0–9), and square brackets can be used for sets or ranges of characters to match.

Regular expressions
In regular expressions, the period (, also called "dot") is the wildcard pattern which matches any single character. Followed by the Kleene star operator, which is denoted as an asterisk (), we obtain , which will match zero or more arbitrary characters.

See also
 glob (programming)
 Pattern matching
 Query by Example
 Wildcard DNS record
 wildmat

References

External links
How to Use Wildcards

Computer file formats
Pattern matching
Loss. Loss may refer to:

Economic loss
Grief, an emotional response to loss
Animal loss, grief over the loss of an animal

Mathematics, science, and technology
Angular misalignment loss, power loss caused by the deviation from optimum angular alignment
Bridging loss, the loss that results when an impedance is connected across a transmission line
Coupling loss, the loss that occurs when energy is transferred from one circuit, optical device, or medium to another
Insertion loss, the decrease in transmitted signal power resulting from the insertion of a device in a transmission line or optical fiber
Dielectric loss, a dielectric material's inherent dissipation of electromagnetic energy
Loss function, in statistics, a function representing the cost associated with an event
Path loss, the attenuation undergone by an electromagnetic wave in transit from a transmitter to a receiver
Free-space path loss, the loss in signal strength that would result if all influences were sufficiently removed having no effect on its propagation
Return loss, the ratio of the amplitude of the reflected wave to the amplitude of the incident wave
Round-trip loss in laser physics refers to energy lost due to scattering or absorption
, power loss incured due to circuit switching
Lick Observatory Supernova Search (LOSS) program

Arts, entertainment, and media

Music

Albums
Loss (Bass Communion album) (2006)
Loss (Mull Historical Society album) (2001)

Songs
"Losses" (Lil Tjay song) (2020)
"Loss", a song by God Is an Astronaut from their self-titled album (2008)
"Loss", a song by Madder Mortem from Mercury (1999)
"Losses", a song by Drake from Dark Lane Demo Tapes (2020)
"Losses", a song by Polo G from Hall of Fame (2021)

Other uses in arts, entertainment, and media
"Loss" (Ctrl+Alt+Del), a webcomic strip and internet meme
Loss (film), a 2008 film by Maris Martinsons
Lord Loss (character), a character from Darren Shan's The Demonata
"The Loss", a 1990 episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation

Other uses
Joe Loss (1909–1990), founder of The Joe Loss Orchestra
Loss (baseball), a pitching statistic in baseball
League of Secessionist States (LoSS), an intermicronational organisation

See also 

Attenuation, a reduction in amplitude and intensity of a signal
Lose (disambiguation)
Lost (disambiguation)
Losing (disambiguation)
Stop loss (disambiguation)
Von Neumann machine. Von Neumann machine may refer to:

 Von Neumann architecture, a conceptual model of nearly all computer architecture
 IAS machine, a computer designed in the 1940s based on von Neumann's design
 Self-replicating machine, a class of machines that can replicate themselves
 Universal constructor (disambiguation)
 Von Neumann probes, hypothetical space probes capable of self-replication
 Nanorobots, capable of self-replication
 The Von Neumann cellular automaton
John Ousterhout. John Kenneth Ousterhout (, born October 15, 1954) is an American computer scientist. He is a professor of computer science at Stanford University. He founded Electric Cloud with John Graham-Cumming. 

Ousterhout was previously a professor of computer science at University of California, Berkeley, where he created the Tcl scripting language and the Tk platform-independent widget toolkit, and proposed the idea of coscheduling. Ousterhout led the research group that designed the experimental Sprite operating system and the first log-structured file system.
Ousterhout also led the team that developed the Magic VLSI computer-aided design (CAD) program.

Education and career 
He received a Bachelor of Science (B.S.) in physics from Yale University in 1975, and his Ph.D. in computer science from Carnegie Mellon University in 1980.

Ousterhout received the Grace Murray Hopper Award in 1987 for his work on Electronic design automation CAD systems for very-large-scale integrated circuits.  For the same work, he was inducted in 1994 as a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery. Ousterhout was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2001 for improving our ability to program computers by raising the level of abstraction.

In 1994, Ousterhout left Berkeley to join Sun Microsystems Laboratories, which hired a team to join him in Tcl development. After several years at Sun, he left and co-founded Scriptics, Inc. (later renamed Ajuba Solutions) in January 1998 to provide professional Tcl development tools. Most of the Tcl team followed him from Sun. Ajuba was purchased by Interwoven in October 2000. He joined the faculty of Stanford University in 2008.

Selected works

 A Philosophy of Software Design, (Yaknyam Press, 2018, )

See also
 Ousterhout's dichotomy
 Raft (computer science)

References

External links
 John's recounting of Tcl's early days
 Ousterhout's web page at Stanford University

American computer programmers
Stanford University School of Engineering faculty
University of California, Berkeley faculty
1994 fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Carnegie Mellon University alumni
Grace Murray Hopper Award laureates
Yale University alumni
Living people
1954 births
Programming language designers
Place of birth missing (living people)
American computer scientists
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Sun Microsystems people
Ionic crystal. In chemistry, an ionic crystal is a crystalline form of an ionic compound. They are solids consisting of ions bound together by their electrostatic attraction into a regular lattice. Examples of such crystals are the alkali halides, including potassium fluoride (KF), potassium chloride (KCl), potassium bromide (KBr), potassium iodide (KI), sodium fluoride (NaF).
Sodium chloride (NaCl) has a 6:6 co-ordination. The properties of NaCl reflect the strong interactions that exist between the ions. It is a good conductor of electricity when molten, but very poor in the solid state. When fused the mobile ions carry charge through the liquid.
They are characterized by strong absorption of infrared radiation and have planes along which they cleave easily.
The exact arrangement of ions in an ionic lattice varies according to the size of the ions in the solid.

References

External links
Art of the States: Anea musical work inspired by ionic crystals

Crystals
Binding. Binding may refer to:

Computing
 Binding, associating a network socket with a local port number and IP address
 Data binding, the technique of connecting two data elements together
 UI data binding, linking a user interface element to an element of a domain model, such as a database field
 XML data binding, representing XML document data using objects and classes
 Key binding, or keyboard shortcut, mapping key combinations to software functionality
 Language binding, a library providing a functional interface to second library in a different programming language
 Name binding, the association of code or data with an identifier in a programming language
 Late binding, name binding which is resolved at run-time rather than in pre-execution time

Science
 Binding problem, a term for several problems in cognitive science and philosophy
 Neural binding, synchronous activity of neurons and neuronal ensembles
 Molecular binding, an attractive interaction between two molecules
 Binding (linguistics), the distribution of pronouns etc. to identify syntactic relationships

People
 Carly Binding (born 1978), New Zealand pop singer-songwriter
 Karl Binding (1841–1920), German jurist
 Lee Binding (born 1975), graphic designer
 Lothar Binding (born 1950), German politician
 Rudolf G. Binding (1867–1938), German writer and supporter of Adolf Hitler

Textiles
 Binding (knitting), a type of gather also known as a pullover stitch
 Binding (sewing), a finish to a seam or hem
 Binding knot,  a knot used to keep objects together
 Binding off, in knitting, a family of techniques for ending a column of stitches

Other uses
 Binding and loosing, in the New Testament, both forbidding and permitting an action
 Binding Brauerei, a brewery in Frankfurt, Germany
 Binding precedent, a legal decision that must be applied or followed
 Binding (woodworking), an inlaid edging, often used to reduce fluctuations in the wood's humidity
 Bookbinding, the protective cover of a book and the art of its construction
 Coil binding or spiral binding, is a commonly used book binding style for documents
 Comb binding, cerlox or surelox binding, a method of binding pages into a book
 Breast binding or chest binding, a wrapping to form a bra-like structure.
 Egg binding
 Foot binding, a Chinese custom practiced on young girls from the 10th to early 20th centuries
 Legally binding, enforceable by law
 Ski binding, an attachment which anchors a ski boot to the ski
 Snowboard binding, a device for connecting a foot to a snowboard
 The Binding (2016 film), an American psychological thriller film
 The Binding (2020 film), an Italian film

See also
 
 
 Bind (disambiguation)
 Binder (disambiguation)
 Bound (disambiguation)
Ninety–ninety rule. In computer programming and software engineering, the ninety-ninety rule is a humorous aphorism that states:

This adds up to 180%, making a wry allusion to the notoriety of software development projects significantly over-running their schedules (see software development effort estimation). The anecdote expresses both the rough allocation of time to easy and hard portions of a programming undertaking, and the cause of the lateness of many projects in their failure to anticipate their difficult, often unpredictable, complexities. In short, it often takes both more time and more coding than expected to complete a project.

The rule is attributed to Tom Cargill of Bell Labs, and was made popular by Jon Bentley's September 1985 "Programming Pearls" column in Communications of the ACM, in which it was titled the "Rule of Credibility".

In some agile software projects, this rule also surfaces when a task is portrayed as "relatively done." This indicates a common scenario where planned work is completed but cannot be signed off, pending a single final activity which may not occur for a substantial amount of time.

See also
 
 
  – the 80/20 rule

References

Adages
Computer humour
Software project management
Programming principles
1985 introductions
Detection. In general, detection is the action of accessing information without specific cooperation from  with the sender.

In the history of radio communications, the term "detector" was first used for a device that detected the simple presence or absence of a radio signal, since all communications were in Morse code.  The term is still in use today to describe a component that extracts a particular signal from all of the electromagnetic waves present.  Detection is usually based on the frequency of the carrier signal, as in the familiar frequencies of radio broadcasting, but it may also involve filtering a faint signal from noise, as in radio astronomy, or reconstructing a hidden signal, as in steganography.

In optoelectronics, "detection" means converting a received optical input to an electrical output. For example, the light signal received through an optical fiber is converted to an electrical signal in a detector such as a photodiode.

In steganography, attempts to detect hidden signals in suspected carrier material is referred to as steganalysis.  Steganalysis has an interesting difference from most other types of detection, in that it can often only determine the probability that a hidden message exists; this is in contrast to the detection of signals which are simply encrypted, as the ciphertext can often be identified with certainty, even if it cannot be decoded. 

In the military, detection refers to the special discipline of reconnaissance with the aim to recognize the presence of an object in a location or ambiance.

Finally, the art of detection, also known as following clues, is the work of a detective in attempting to reconstruct a sequence of events by identifying the relevant information in a situation.

See also
 Object detection
 Signal detection theory

Communication
Wireless locating
Encyclopedia Astronautica. The Encyclopedia Astronautica is a reference web site on space travel. The encyclopedia includes 79,433 articles with 13,741 illustrations, a comprehensive catalog of missiles, spacecraft, space technology, astronauts, and spaceflight from most countries that have had an active rocket research program. It provides biographies of important pioneers of spaceflight such as Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, Hermann Oberth Robert Goddard. It outlines various concepts of space stations including the NASA Space Shuttle and the Soviet Buran programme.

Articles 
In addition, the encyclopedia contains many comprehensive review articles on specific space topics, among them:
 Germany incl. an extensive list of German missile specialists who worked for USA, USSR and France after World War II.
 Russia - Early Ballistic Missiles with a history of the involvement of German rocket specialists in Soviet rocketry.
 Russia: The Real Moon Landing Hoax about the Space Race.
 Russia: What did the CIA know and when did they know it? with an overview of the CIA's knowledge and assessments of Soviet missile technology.
 Historical data of space travel for each calendar day.

Since 2019, the site is no longer updated or maintained. Although it contains a great deal of information, not all of it is correct.

History
Founded in 1994 and maintained for most of its existence by space enthusiast and author Mark Wade. He has been collecting such information for most of his life. Between 1996 and 2000 the site was hosted by Friends and Partners in Space.

Reception and accolades
The American Astronautical Society gave the site the Ordway Award for Sustained Excellence in Spaceflight History which "recognizes exceptional, sustained efforts to inform and educate on spaceflight and its history through one or more media" in 2015, the award's initial year. The award is named for U.S. space engineer and author Frederick I. Ordway III (1927–2014).

Telepolis journalist Marcus Hammerschmitt warmly recommended the Encyclopedia Astronautic to anyone interested in space flight, and speculated that its articles might become valued material for future researcher of cultural history.

In 2006, the American space historian Stephen B. Johnson stated that Encyplopedia Astronautica "has become a popular Internet source for space history. Unfortunately, while it contains a great deal of information, not all of it is correct. Space historians have noticed a variety of factual problems, and unfortunately these problems have not been consistently repaired. Since this is not a peer-reviewed source and historical errors have not always been fixed, this cannot be considered a reliable source, despite its impressive appearance. Many other online sources have the same problem."

See also
 Jonathan's Space Report
 List of online encyclopedias

References

External links
 

Websites related to spaceflight
Reference websites
Propagation. Propagation can refer to:
Chain propagation in a chemical reaction mechanism
Crack propagation, the growth of a crack during the fracture of materials
Propaganda, non-objective information used to further an agenda
Reproduction, and other forms of multiplication or increase
Plant propagation, the production of more plants
Propagation of schema, in artificial reproduction
Software propagation, the distribution of free software
Wave propagation, the motion of a wave
Radio propagation, the application of wave propagation to radio communications

In music
 Propagation (album)
"Propagation", a song by Lower Dens from the album Nootropics
"Propagation", a song by Com Truise from the album Iteration
RMI. RMI may refer to:

Science and technology
 Radio magnetic indicator, an instrument used in aircraft navigation
 Repetitive motion injury, an injury to the musculoskeletal and nervous systems
 Richtmyer–Meshkov instability, an instability occurring when two fluids with different densities are impulsively accelerated
 Risk of malignancy index, for ovarian cancer

Computing
 Remote Method Invocation, an application-programming interface used in Java environments
 .rmi, a file extension for a RIFF MIDI file

Organizations
 RMI Corporation, a semiconductor company manufacturing CPUs
 RMI Titanium Company, U.S. titanium fabricator now called RTI International Metals 
 Railcar Management LLC, a rail information services software company and subsidiary of GE Transportation
 RMI Expeditions, a mountain guide company based in Ashford, Washington, United States
 Remote Medical International, provides medical support in remote areas
 Rocky Mountain Institute, a non-profit energy-conservation organization in the United States of America
 Rocky Mount Instruments, manufacturer of the RMI 368 Electra-Piano and Harpsichord
 Royal Manchester Institution (1823–1882), a learned society promoting the arts in Manchester, England
Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium, a federal institute engaged in scientific research in meteorology
 WRMI (branded Radio Miami International) an American shortwave radio station, often referred to on air as RMI
 Reaction Motors Inc., an early American maker of liquid-fueled rocket engines

Places
 Federico Fellini International Airport (IATA code), near Rimini, Italy 
 Republic of the Marshall Islands, a nation-state in Micronesia

Other uses
 Radio Massacre International, a British electronic-music group
 Ramapough Mountain Indians, a Native American group
 Rank mobility index, a measure of change in population-rank
 Revenu minimum d'insertion, a form of welfare introduced in France in 1988

See also
 RM1 (disambiguation)
Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Program. The Very High Speed Integrated Circuit (VHSIC) Program was a United States Department of Defense (DOD) research program that ran from 1980 to 1990. Its mission was to research and develop very high-speed integrated circuits for the United States Armed Forces.

Program
VHSIC was launched in 1980 as a joint tri-service (Army/Navy/Air Force) program.  The program led to advances in integrated circuit materials, lithography, packaging, testing, and algorithms, and created numerous computer-aided design (CAD) tools.  A well-known part of the program's contribution is VHDL (VHSIC Hardware Description Language), a hardware description language (HDL). The program also redirected the military's interest in GaAs ICs back toward the commercial mainstream of CMOS circuits.

More than $1 billion in total was spent for the VHSIC program for silicon integrated circuit technology development.

A DARPA project which ran concurrently, the VLSI Project, having begun two years earlier in 1978, contributed BSD Unix, the RISC processor, the MOSIS research design fab, and greatly furthered the Mead and Conway revolution in VLSI design automation. By contrast, the VHSIC program was comparatively less cost-effective for the funds invested over a contemporaneous time frame, though the projects had different final objectives and are not entirely comparable for that reason.

By the time the program ended in 1990, commercial processors were far outperforming what the Pentagon's program had produced; however, it did manage to subsidize US semiconductor equipment manufacturing, stimulating an industry that shipped much of its product abroad (mainly to Asia).

References

Integrated circuits
Science and technology in the United States