omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Remote graphics unit. A remote graphics unit (RGU) is a device that allows a computer to be separated from some input/output devices such as keyboard, mouse, speakers, and display monitors. The key part being remoted is the graphics sub-system of the computer.

History 
RGUs may have their origin with experiments with graphics controllers on mainframe computers in the 1970s. RGUs have been mostly associated with high end workstations running Unix-like operating systems or Windows since the late 1990s. Generally RGUs are used for special applications like remote sensing, financial services commodity trading desks, computer-aided design, etc.

Depending on how one chooses to define RGUs, dedicated X terminals may also be included.

Application 
Usually the reasons that might lie behind the desire to separate the user interface of a computer from the actual computer itself would be: securing computers away from users for corporate or government security, to reduce heat and noise in rooms with many computer operators, or to facilitate computer maintenance by placing all computers in very close proximity to one another.

KVM interoperability 
Unlike other technologies used to achieve this, such as KVM Extension (or Remote KVM) and DVI Extension for example, a remote graphics unit will effectively split a computer's PCI or PCI-Express bus and transmit only bus commands over to the user side.

With KVM Extension and DVI Extension, the graphics processing is done by a traditional graphics processing unit (GPU) on the computer side. Bus data is much smaller than rendered graphics data so the theory behind the remote graphics unit is that it is possible to achieve higher resolutions and better graphics performance when there is a large separation in distance between the user-side input/output devices and the computer side.

Examples 
An example of a product line that was commercialized using RGU as the description of the technology is the Matrox Extio series. Extio is a brand that is marketing shorthand for "External I/O".

Related products 
Other products supporting the concept behind the remote graphics unit include bus extension technologies where a standard graphics processing unit is plugged into a remote PCI slot via a standard graphics add-in card. Various types of bus extension technologies are available including the DeTwo System from Amulet Hotkey as well as products from Avocent.

Graphics hardware
Computer peripherals
T-MPLS. T-MPLS or Transport MPLS is a transport network layer technology that uses extensions to a subset of the existing MPLS standards and is designed specifically for application in transport networks. Work to define T-MPLS was started by the ITU-T in February 2006. It was intended specifically as a connection-oriented packet-switched (co-ps) application offering a simpler implementation by removing MPLS features that are not relevant to co-ps applications and adding mechanisms that provide support of critical transport functionality.

ITU-T ceased work on T-MPLS in December 2008, in favour of MPLS-TP standardization.

T-MPLS uses the same architectural principles of layered networking that are used in other technologies like SDH and OTN. Service providers have already developed management processes and work procedures based on these principles for use in networks that use those other technologies.

In this way T-MPLS was intended to provide a reliable packet-based technology that is familiar and also aligned with circuit-based transport networking; it supports current organizational processes and large-scale work procedures.

T-MPLS is a low cost Layer 2 technology that provides QoS, end-to-end OA&M and protection switching.

The following ITU-T Recommendations exist for T-MPLS. These Recommendations will be superseded (i.e., replaced) by new revisions that apply to MPLS-TP and reference the joint work being undertaken by the ITU-T and IETF.

A further set of ITU-T Recommendations were at a draft stage when work on T-MPLS was halted. These may be resumed at a later stage to reference the material developed as part of the MPLS-TP effort.

After IETF raised concerns over T-MPLS technology, mainly about incompatibility with the already established IP/MPLS, the ITU-T and the IETF started a joint activity to solve potential issues. The decision was to transfer control to IETF to develop a new MPLS profile specialized for transport (MPLS-TP) with input from ITU recommendations
A new activity was added to the charter of the MPLS working group of IETF.

References

External links 
 ITU-T series G recommendations
 IETF MPLS Charter

MPLS networking
Internet Standards
Network protocols
Tunneling protocols
Jining–Tongliao railway. The Jitong-Tongliao Railway () is a  railway in Inner Mongolia, China, that opened in 1995. Its starting point is at Jining and ends at Tongliao. The Jitong Railway is a joint venture between China Railway and the government of Inner Mongolia.
Since Inner Mongolia was one of the poorer provinces of China in the early 1990s, the line was built with an eye towards reducing startup costs, with the intention of upgrading at a future date as funds became available.  The tracks were built to a high engineering standard, featuring heavy rail, concrete crossties, and extensive use of tunnels and viaducts to reduce grades.  In contrast, lower-cost anachronistic technologies were intentionally selected for cases where it was possible to upgrade incrementally: semaphore signaling, staffed crossing gates, and steam engines.

World's last mainline steam train service
Due to low labor costs and plentiful coal, China was one of the last countries to retire steam locomotives on mainline services.  As dieselisation and electrification progressed in the early 1990s, China Railways found itself with a large stock of surplus steam locomotives, some built as recently as the late 1980s.  The government of Inner Mongolia was thus able to acquire steam engines at a low cost for use on the Jitong Railway. The line's proximity to coal mines also allowed fuel to be procured locally, resulting in reduced operating costs.

The Jitong Railway was the last mainline railway in the world to use steam locomotives. All of these locomotives were the large 2-10-2 QJ type engines and often trains had 2 locomotives on their head end. On December 8, 2005, the world's last regular mainline steam train finished its journey, marking the end of the steam era. The steam locomotives were replaced by the DF4 diesel locomotives.

Most of the QJs were scrapped, but a handful are on display at the depot in Daban. Three have been exported to the United States of America. 6988 and 7081 were sold to the Iowa Interstate Railroad in 2006, and have operated on many excursions since. 7040 was sold to the RJ Corman company in Kentucky in 2008. Renumbered 2008, it ran special trips for five years before being put into storage in 2013. It was sold to the Kentucky steam Heritage Corp. in March 2020, and will eventually be evaluated for an overhaul.

Electrification
Electrification of the railway began in April 2020. The project is expected to take four years.

See also

Rail transport in the People's Republic of China
Rail transport in Inner Mongolia
List of railways in China

External links
 Detailed descriptions of the line, its depots and tractive power during the steam locomotive time
 International Herald Tribune report
 Pictures from the JiTong railway, while still under steam operation

References

Railway lines in China
Rail transport in Inner Mongolia
Transport in Inner Mongolia
Railway lines opened in 1995
Kalasa-Banduri Nala project. The Kalasa-Banduri Nala is a project undertaken by the Government of Karnataka to improve drinking water supply to the Districts of Belagavi, Bagalkot, Dharwad and Gadag. It involves building across Kalasa and Banduri, two tributaries of the Mahadayi river to divert 7.56 TMC of water to the Malaprabha river, which supplies the drinking water needs of the said 4 districts, i.e., Dharwad, Belagavi Bagalkot and Gadag.
This project had been on paper for decades and the Karnataka government decided to implement it during S M Krishna's regime.  Clearance for the project was received from the center in 2002.  The project however, soon ran into trouble when the then Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) government of Goa headed by Manohar Parrikar raised objections to the project claiming that the project would harm Goa's flora and fauna. Following this, the then National Democratic Alliance (NDA) government which was in power at the center put on hold its approval and funding of the project.

Karnataka and Goa have since then been at loggerheads over the project. The project which had been put in abeyance for four years was revived after H. D. Kumaraswamy became the Chief Minister. In September 2006, the coalition government in Karnataka headed by Chief Minister H. D. Kumaraswamy decided to go ahead with the construction work.  It was inaugurated on 22 September at Kanakumbi in Khanapur Taluk of Belgaum District. The Goa government, however, soon moved the courts and brought a stay on the construction work. The matter is now before the Mahadayi Water Disputes Tribunal.

Protest to Implement the Project
Communist Party of India (Marxist) organized a rally in Belagavi on 16 September 2015 to implement this long time-pending project. CPI(M) State Secretary GV Srirama Reddy along with his colleague Swamy, Varalaxmi and district secretary G.M. Jaine Khan lead this rally. GV Srirama Reddy said "The present imbroglio on the projects to the long pursued politics between the Congress and the BJP in Karnataka and Goa." Srirama Reddy was critical of Prime Minister Narendra Modi for throwing the ball in the courts of Congress instead of taking a lead to resolve the dispute: "It is unbecoming of a Prime Minister to take a political stand based on his political differences with Congress on an issue concerning people."
A statewide bandh was organized by pro-Kannada organizations on Sept 26, 2015 demanding the implementation of the project.
The agitation in the malaprabha catchment area under various organisations has now reached 265 days.

Present status of the Project
Central Water Commission has approved the DPR (Detailed Project Report) submitted by Karnataka as on 29th December 2022. Karnataka has received the green signal to divert 2.18 tmc (61.8 Mcum) of Mahadayi river at the proposed Banduri Dam, and 1.72 tmc (48.7 Mcum) of the water at the proposed Kalasa Dam.

References

A report in The Hindu
Bhoomi Pooja for Kalasa-Banduri

Politics of Karnataka
Politics of Goa
Inter-state disputes in India
Water supply and sanitation in India
Hubli–Dharwad
History of Goa (1961–present)
Tachikawa Ki-74. The Tachikawa Ki-74 (Allied reporting name Patsy) was a Japanese experimental, long-range reconnaissance bomber of World War II. A twin-engine, mid-wing monoplane, it was developed for the Imperial Japanese Army Air Service but never deployed in combat. The Ki-74 was designed for high altitude operation with a pressurized cabin for its crew.

Development
Though already conceived in 1939 as a long-range reconnaissance aircraft capable of reaching west of Lake Baikal when operating from bases in Manchukuo (Manchuria), the initial prototype Ki-74 only first flew as late as March 1944, after its development and primary mission requirement had been changed to capability of bombing and reconnaissance over the mainland United States. The aircraft was powered by two  Mitsubishi Ha-211-I [Ha-43-I] radial engines. The subsequent two prototypes were powered by the turbo-supercharged Mitsubishi Ha-211-I Ru [Ha-43-II]; these experienced teething troubles, and the following thirteen pre-production machines substituted the Ha-211 Ru engine for the lower-powered but more reliable turbo-supercharged Mitsubishi Ha-104 Ru (Army Type 4 1,900 hp Air Cooled Radial). The aircraft was fitted with self-sealing fuel tanks, armor, and a pressurized cabin for its crew of five.

Operational history
The Ki-74 did not progress beyond developmental testing and did not see operational service in combat. Nevertheless, the Allies knew of the type's existence and assigned the codename "Patsy" after it was discovered that it was a bomber, not a fighter (previously it had been assigned the codename "Pat" in Allied Intelligence).

Specifications (Ki-74)

See also

Notes

Bibliography

External links

 Ki-74 Patsy at hikotai.net
 Ki-74 Patsy at ww2drawings.jexiste.fr
 Ki-74 Patsy at The Imperial Japanese Secret Weapons Museum

1940s Japanese military reconnaissance aircraft
Ki-74
Mid-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1944
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
STRIDE model. STRIDE is a model for identifying computer security threats developed by Praerit Garg and Loren Kohnfelder at Microsoft.   It provides a mnemonic for security threats in six categories.

The threats are:

 Spoofing
 Tampering
 Repudiation
 Information disclosure (privacy breach or data leak)
 Denial of service
 Elevation of privilege

The STRIDE was initially created as part of the process of threat modeling.  STRIDE is a model of threats, used to help reason and find threats to a system.  It is used in conjunction with a model of the target system that can be constructed in parallel.  This includes a full breakdown of processes, data stores, data flows, and trust boundaries.

Today it is often used by security experts to help answer the question "what can go wrong in this system we're working on?"

Each threat is a violation of a desirable property for a system:

Notes on the threats 
Repudiation is unusual because it's a threat when viewed from a security perspective, and a desirable property of some privacy systems, for example, Goldberg's "Off the Record" messaging system.  This is a useful demonstration of the tension that security design analysis must sometimes grapple with.

Elevation of privilege is often called escalation of privilege, or privilege escalation.  They are synonymous.

See also 
 Attack tree – another approach to security threat modeling, stemming from dependency analysis
 Cyber security and countermeasure
 DREAD – a classification system for security threats
 OWASP – an organization devoted to improving web application security through education
 CIA also known as AIC – another mnemonic for a security model to build security in IT systems

References

External links 
 Uncover Security Design Flaws Using The STRIDE Approach

Computer security
L. Francis Herreshoff. L. (Lewis) Francis Herreshoff (November 11, 1890 – December 1972), was a boat designer, naval architect, editor, and author of books and magazine articles.

Biography
Herreshoff was born on November 11, 1890, in Bristol, Rhode Island, to Clara Anna DeWolf (1853–1905) and Nathanael Greene Herreshoff (1848–1938). 

During his early career, Herreshoff worked for the Herreshoff Manufacturing Company, founded by his father and uncle, where he gained valuable experience and knowledge in boat design and construction. The Herreshoff Manufacturing Company was known for producing high-quality yachts and racing sailboats. Later on, Herreshoff also worked for the naval architect Starling Burgess, further honing his skills in the field of naval architecture. In 1926, he went into business for himself in Marblehead, Massachusetts, as a designer of racing and pleasure yachts, canoes, kayaks and other small craft. Herreshoff died December 1972.

In addition to his practical work in boat design, L. Francis Herreshoff also made significant contributions as an editor and author. He wrote numerous books and articles on boat design, sailing, and yacht racing, sharing his expertise and insights with the wider boating community. His writings often incorporated his own design philosophies and ideas.

Herreshoff's designs were characterized by their elegance, practicality, and attention to detail. He had a deep understanding of yacht design principles and a keen eye for aesthetics. Many of his designs are considered classics and are still revered today.

Herreshoff was inducted into the National Sailing Hall of Fame in 2014.

Notable designs  
Herreshoff's designs included:
 A series of graceful clipper-bowed ketches: Ticonderoga 72 ft, Tioga/Bounty 57 ft, Mobjack 45 Ft and Nereia 36
 A shoal-draft leeboarder: Meadowlark
 Arguably the original "passagemaker"; the inspiration for Beebe's book, and an indirect inspiration for Perry's "container boat": Marco Polo.
 His answer to Hanna's ideas about the ideal homebuilt boat: H-28
 The  Merlin, sunk on July 7, 1999, by a humpback whale in Whale Bay, Baranof Island, Alaska.
Buzzards Bay 14
Herreshoff Prudence
Herreshoff Rozinante
Stuart Knockabout

Publications
His books include The Common Sense of Yacht Design, The Compleat Cruiser, Capt. Nat Herreshoff: The Wizard of Bristol, The Writings of L. Francis Herreshoff, Sensible Cruising Designs and An L. Francis Herreshoff Reader.  The Common Sense of Yacht Design, published in 1947, became a seminal work in yacht design literature and continues to be highly regarded by both designers and enthusiasts.

He published numerous magazine articles, notably the 'How To Build' series in the magazine The Rudder.  Herreshoff's success as an author is especially impressive in one sense; his dyslexia had led his father to shunt him into agricultural school.

See also 
 Herreshoff Castle
 Herreshoff family
 Herreshoff anchor

References

1890 births
1972 deaths
American yacht designers
Engineers from Rhode Island
Herreshoff family
Writers with dyslexia
Aero-Difusión. Aero-Difusión SL is a Spanish aircraft manufacturer. It was founded at Santander in 1955, licence-building Jodel and Druine light aircraft.

Aircraft produced by Aero-Difusión, S.L.
Aero-Difusión D11 Compostela(1950) Single-engine two-seat low-wing monoplane with fixed tailwheel undercarriage.  Licence-built version of French Jodel D11
Aero-Difusión D-112 PopuplaneLicence-built version of Jodel D11
Aero-Difusión D-119 PopuplaneLicence-built version of Jodel D11
Aero-Difusión D-1190S CompostelaLicence-built version of Jodel D11

References
 Gunston, Bill. (1993) World Encyclopaedia of Aircraft Manufacturers. Naval Institute Press: Annapolis, Maryland. p. 12. 

Aircraft manufacturers of Spain
List of aviation pioneers. Aviation pioneers are people directly and indirectly responsible for the advancement of flight, including people who worked to achieve manned flight before the invention of aircraft, as well as others who achieved significant "firsts" in aviation after heavier-than-air flight became routine. Pioneers of aviation have contributed to the development of aeronautics in one or more ways: through science and theory, theoretical or applied design, by constructing models or experimental prototypes, the mass production of aircraft for commercial and government request, achievements in flight, and providing financial resources and publicity to expand the field of aviation.

Table key

Pioneer type
 Science: Contributions to aerodynamic theory, aviation principles, discoveries advancing aircraft development, etc.
 Design: Original or derivative ideas or drawings for conceptual/experimental/practical methods of air travel
 Construction: Building prototypes/experimental/practical aircraft
 Manufacture: Building aircraft to fill commercial or government requests
 Aviator: International firsts, major records, major awards received
 Support: Significant industrial endorsements, philanthropic, founding of relevant organizations, etc.
(†) : A dagger following the pioneer's name indicates they died in or as a result of an aircraft accident. When available, the aircraft type/model and the place of the accident are included in the text.

Sorting
The table is organized by pioneer name in alphabetical order. Columns for Name, Date of birth/Date of death, Country and Achievement can be sorted in either ascending or descending order. If two pioneers are paired together, sorting by DOB or Country uses the information for the first of the pair. The Achievement column will sort according to the date of the pioneer's earliest significant contribution to aviation.

Inclusion criteria

The list is of outright records, irrespective of race, nationality or gender, and in which at least one of the following criteria is met:
Scientific contribution to theory and principles (whether correct or not) that were used as contemporary resources, building blocks, or influenced period thought, significant scientific or theoretical achievements with model aircraft;
Designing any aircraft (pre-1910), or a distinct/innovative new design;
Constructing a prototype aircraft (pre-1910);
Manufacturing aircraft (including some direct or supervisory control over design) for commercial and/or military contracts (intended to represent founders of the aviation industry);
Flying (Aviator) solo in an aircraft and receiving a relevant flying certificate (pre-1910); or any significant national (e.g., a flight representing a country's first) or international achievement, or flight award (initial record holders or demolishing existing records, but not simply breaking established records);
Supporting aviation (e.g., positive publicity; personal, corporate and/or philanthropic sponsorship, education).

Table
† indicates died in an air accident

See also

 History of aviation
 Timeline of women in aviation

Notes

References

Books

Pioneers
Soccer robot. A soccer robot is a specialized autonomous robot and mobile robot that is used to play variants of soccer.

The main organised competitions are RoboCup or FIRA tournaments played each year.

The RoboCup contest currently has a number of soccer leagues:
 Standard Platform League (formerly Four Legged League)
 Small Size League
 Middle Size League
 Simulation League
 2D Soccer Simulation
 3D Soccer Simulation
 Humanoid League

Additionally, there is a RoboCupJunior league for younger students.

qfix Soccer robot 

The qfix soccer robot "Terminator" is an omnidrive robot that can be used for RoboCup Junior. It includes a kicker and a dribbler as well as a controller board with Atmel controller.

The robot can be programmed using the GNU GCC compiler.

Graupner RC-SOCCERBOT 
The Graupner "RC-SOCCERBOT" is a mobile robot platform developed by qfix which can be used as a radio-controller toy playing soccer with ping-pong balls. Gaining more experience in robotics the user can also implement C++ programs on the robot.

References

External links
 Official Website For RoboCup Junior
 qFix 
 Graupner Robotics
 Supplier of FIRA Robot Football/Robot Soccer solutions

Educational toys