omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Divisional point. In Canada and also in the United States, a divisional point (or division point) is a local operational headquarters for a railway. Divisional points are significant in railway maintenance of way operations. Especially historically, they could be the location of facilities and infrastructure such as a siding or junction, roundhouse and turntable, water tower, bunkhouse or hotel, coaling tower, passenger station, telegraph office, or freight shed. Stretches of railway line managed from a divisional point were known as divisions, and were further divided into segments known as subdivisions.

The logistics of steam locomotives required numerous facilities for reversing, servicing, and supplying water and fuel for passing trains. This required an on-site workforce, which in some cases led to the growth of railway towns.

Divisional points were historically significant in the westward colonization and development of Canada, supplanting the Hudson's Bay Company trading post in a number of cases as a focal point for economic activity and urbanization.

Technological changes, most significantly dieselization, led to a decline in the importance of divisional points and a reduction in the need for on-site crews, leading to some becoming ghost towns, while others survived due to economic diversification.

Overview 
In the coal and steam era, a divisional point would include such amenities as a substantial passenger station, freight and baggage sheds, a roundhouse, water tank, coaling and sanding facilities, and repair shops for locomotives and rolling stock.

List of divisional points

In areas dominated by the railway, the choice of a town as a divisional point was typically pivotal in that town's growth.  Many towns and cities across southern Canada are current or former divisional points. Examples include: Kamloops, British Columbia, Lucerne, British Columbia, Calgary, Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Jasper, Alberta, Melville, Saskatchewan, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Capreol, Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Montreal, Quebec, McAdam, New Brunswick and Moncton, New Brunswick.

References 

Rail infrastructure in Canada
DalTrans. DalTrans is the means by which traffic information is gathered and disseminated in Dallas, Texas. DalTrans is an Intelligent Transportation System operated by the Texas Department of Transportation, a collection of devices and a communications backbone designed to help alleviate the freeway congestion.  Traffic Data Collected by DalTrans is available in real time to the public on its website.

Dallas, Texas is a city with an ever-increasing traffic congestion problem. This is primarily due to the enormous growth of the Dallas area suburbs. Due to the additional vehicles on the Dallas area freeways, there is a shortage of both the room and the resources required to build more capacity. The approach being taken is to operate the freeways in a more efficient manner. This approach requires the gathering of traffic information and the dissemination of that information to the traveling public.

Operators in the DalTrans traffic management center monitor the freeway conditions, dispatch assistance to stranded motorists on the freeways via Courtesy Patrol, and share the information about the freeway conditions to the motorists as well as the media. This information can help the motorist make an informed decision about what routes to take and what routes to avoid. The DalTrans operators work closely with the Dallas Area Rapid Transit (DART), surrounding cities, and various traffic reporting agencies in sharing up-to-the-minute traffic conditions and to find solutions to our transportation problems.

Since the DalTrans operations center opened in the summer of 1997, it has enhanced the Courtesy Patrol operation already offered to the motoring public by adding real-time freeway traffic conditions to travelers on the system.

Transportation in Dallas
Shaanxi Diesel Engine Heavy Industry. Shaanxi Diesel Engine Heavy Industry, Co. Ltd. () of Shaanxi, China is a major producer of diesel-powered electrical generators, high-speed prime movers for large-scale marine applications, and is one of China's key state enterprises for the production of such engines.

Parent Company
Shaanxi Diesel Engine Heavy Industry, Co. Ltd. is a subsidiary of China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation.

Diesel Engines
The company's large 150-series diesel engines produce between 98 and 1072 hp (73 and 800 kW).

In addition, their smaller 396-series engines are produced under license from MTU Friedrichshafen, and are intended for use in vehicles, oil production equipment, small marine applications, and the generation of power.

Shaanxi Diesel's stand-alone power generators are rated for 102 to 536 hp (76 to 400 kW).

They also produce engines under license for MAN Diesel.

The company also produces diesel propulsion engines for warships such as the Type 054A frigate, of which the design is licensed from SEMT Pielstick. The engine produced is the 16-cylinder PA6 STC.

Automotive Fuel Injection Systems
They are an aftermarket provider as well, producing 50 different types of injector pumps and nozzles.

Export Sales
At present, Shaanxi Diesel exports its products to more than 20 countries.

References

External links

Company profile at Bnet.com via Findarticles.com
Company profile at Goliath.com
Licensing page for MAN Diesel at Manbw.com

Marine engine manufacturers
Diesel engine manufacturers
Companies based in Shaanxi
Companies with year of establishment missing
Engine manufacturers of China
ALV X-1. ALV X-1 was the first and only flight of the ATK Launch Vehicle (ALV) sounding rocket developed by Alliant Techsystems. The launch occurred from LP-0B at the Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport (MARS) at NASA's Wallops Flight Facility. This mission carried the SOAREX-VI and Hy-BoLT experiments as payloads when it launched at 09:10 GMT on August 22, 2008. The vehicle was terminated 20 seconds into flight after veering too far off course.

Hy-BoLT 
The Hypersonic Boundary Layer Transition (Hy-BoLT) experiment payload was sponsored by the Hypersonics Project within the Fundamental Aeronautics Program of NASA. Hy-BoLT was a wedge-shaped payload that would have provided "valuable data on the fundamental physics of high-Mach flight." It would have been launched to an altitude of , transmitting various temperatures and pressures on different parts of the vehicle's surface.

During the flight, Hy-BoLT transmitted data as expected for the first 20 seconds until it was destroyed when the rocket was detonated.

SOAREX-VI 
Sub-Orbital Aerodynamic Re-entry EXperiments VI (SOAREX-VI) was sponsored by the Hypersonics Project within the Fundamental Aeronautics Program of NASA, and developed by NASA's Ames Research Center. It was carried by the ALV X-1 as a secondary payload. SOAREX-VI would have attempted to characterize an innovative self-orienting reentry vehicle shape called the Slotted Compression RAMP (SCRAMP) probe. The SOAREX-VI package also included an atmospheric density calibration probe built by NASA Ames in cooperation with the University of Idaho, and an AIS probe built by the United States Naval Research Laboratory (NRL).

After detonation of the rocket, the SOAREX-VI enclosure inside was broken open. The SCRAMP probe, designed to activate upon ejection, did exactly that and acquired two TDRSS satellites overhead and an S-band tracking dish on land. It transmitted sensor and video data until it was destroyed on splashdown.

See also 
 Boeing X-51
 Force Application and Launch from Continental United States
 HyShot
 NASA X-43
 Operationally Responsive Space Office

References

External links 

 NASATV launch video
 
 

Sounding rockets of the United States
Space accidents and incidents in the United States
Mean kinetic temperature. Mean kinetic temperature (MKT) is a simplified way of expressing the overall effect of temperature fluctuations during storage or transit of perishable goods. The MKT is used to predict the overall effect of temperature fluctuations on perishable goods.  It has more recently been applied to the pharmaceutical industry.

The mean kinetic temperature can be expressed as:

Where:

  is the mean kinetic temperature in kelvins
  is the activation energy (in kJ mol−1)
  is the gas constant (in J mol−1 K−1)
  to  are the temperatures at each of the sample points in kelvins
  to  are time intervals at each of the sample points

When the temperature readings are taken at the same interval (i.e.,  =  =  = ), the above equation is reduced to:

Where:
  is the number of temperature sample points

Temperature
Pharmaceutical industry
NClass. NClass is a free and open source software tool to create Unified Modeling Language (UML) class diagrams for C# and Java applications. It is written in C# only and needs the .NET Framework 4.0 or the latest version of Mono.

Features 
NClass supports only class diagram of the standard UML diagram types.

The user interface is designed to be simple and user friendly, and the visualization of diagrams is configurable via a style system. NClass can generate source code from the model or reverse engineer .NET assemblies by a plugin written by Malte Ried. It can also export to many image formats like JPEG, Portable Network Graphics (PNG), or Windows Metafile.

Future development 
NClass is missing several major features like undo or round-trip engineering which are frequently requested. These features are planned to be implemented in long-term development.

References

External links 

.NET programming tools
French locomotive classification. Under the French classification system for locomotive wheel arrangements, the system is slightly different for steam and electric/diesel vehicles.

Steam 

The French system counts axles, rather than wheels. As with Whyte notation, a conventional rigid locomotive will have three digits corresponding to its axle configuration:

The first digit is the number of leading unpowered axles;
the second digit the number of powered axles;
The third digit the number of trailing unpowered axles.

Examples 

0-6-0 = 030

2-6-0 = 130

0-6-2 = 031

4-6-2 = 231

2-8-0 = 140

4-8-0 = 240

4-6-4 = 232

4-8-4 = 242

2-6-6-2 = 130+031

Electric and diesel 

With electric and diesel vehicles include DMUs a letter A-B-C-D replaces 1-2-3-4 for the number of powered axles, and each bogie is grouped separately.

0-4-0+0-4-0 = B-B (if axles connected by rods or other means)

0-6-0+0-6-0 = Co-Co (if axles driven independently)

See also 

 UIC classification

Locomotive classification systems
Locomotives of France
Protocol implementation conformance statement. A protocol implementation conformance statement (PICS) is a structured document which asserts which specific requirements are met by a given implementation of a protocol standard. It is often completed as a record of formal protocol conformance test results, and some automated testing systems machine-author a PICS as output. A potential buyer or user of the implementation can consult the PICS to determine if it meets their requirements.

PICS may be used with TTCN-3.

References

External links
 Example proforma PICS from ETSI

Statements
Network protocols
Software testing
Motorcycle lift. A motorcycle lift is a lift table that is designed to handle motorcycles.  Many repair shops use such lifts to bring the vehicle off of the ground and up to a level so that the mechanic does not have to put any strain on his or her back or lay upon the ground to perform any kind of work upon the vehicle. Also, motorcycle enthusiasts have put these lifts into their home garages so that they can perform simple maintenance jobs such as changing the oil and cleaning the bike without having to get down on the ground. These lifts are typically made of steel and powered by air or hydraulic cylinders that handle load capacities up to .

Variations 

There are many different variations and styles of motorcycle lifts. Some are simple and only large enough to handle a simple motorbike. Others have front and side extensions that make them long enough for a chopper and wide enough for an all-terrain vehicle. Most lifts come with a clamp for the front wheel to help stabilize the bike so that it stands upright on its own. Other options that these motorcycle lift tables have are the rear wheel drop out that allows the back of the table to be taken away so that a person can perform maintenance on their rear tire without it touching the table.
Lift
Digital ecosystem. A digital ecosystem is a distributed, adaptive, open socio-technical system with properties of self-organization, scalability and sustainability inspired from natural ecosystems. Digital ecosystem models are informed by knowledge of natural ecosystems, especially for aspects related to competition and collaboration among diverse entities. The term is used in the computer industry, the entertainment industry, and the World Economic Forum.

History
The concept of Digital Business Ecosystem was put forward in 2002 by a group of European researchers and practitioners, including Francesco Nachira, Paolo Dini and Andrea Nicolai, who applied the general notion of digital ecosystems to model the process of adoption and development of ICT-based products and services in competitive, highly fragmented markets like the European one
. Elizabeth Chang, Ernesto Damiani and Tharam Dillon started in 2007 the IEEE Digital EcoSystems and Technologies Conference (IEEE DEST). Richard Chbeir, Youakim Badr, Dominique Laurent, and Hiroshi Ishikawa started in 2009 the ACM Conference on Management of Digital EcoSystems (MEDES).

Perspectives
The digital ecosystem metaphor and models have been applied to a number of business areas related to the production and distribution of knowledge-intensive products and services, including higher education. The perspective of this research is providing methods and tools to achieve a set of objectives of the ecosystem (e.g. sustainability, fairness, bounded information asymmetry, risk control and gracious failure). These objectives are seen as desirable properties whose emergence should be fostered by the digital ecosystem self-organization, rather than as explicit design goals like in conventional IT.

See also
 Oikos
 Ecology
 Ecosystem
 Information ecosystem
 Software ecosystem
 Platform ecosystem
 Knowledge commons
 Knowledge ecosystem
 Digital distribution
 Media ecology
 Social system

References

External links
 International ACM Conference on Management of Digital EcoSystems (MEDES) (since 2009) - computer science Conference for interdisciplinary studies on Digital Ecosystems and Analysis
 IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies (IEEE-DEST 2012) - computer science Conference for Digital Ecosystems and related Technologies. Held from 2007 to 2013.

Computing and society
Information systems
Systems
Social systems
Abemama Airport. Abemama Airport  is the airport serving Abemama, Kiribati. It is located on the north of the atoll, 200 meters northeast of the village of Tabiang.

The airport is served by Air Kiribati from the international airport at South Tarawa.

History
Abemama Airport was originally built in late 1943 by the United States Navy Naval Base Abemama Seabees of the 95th Naval Construction Battalion for the United States Army Air Forces as O’Hare Field.   Seventh Air Force assigned the 30th Bombardment Group to the airfield in early January 1944, basing four squadrons of B-24 Liberator heavy bombers on the base. From Abemama, the USAAF attacked Japanese targets in the Marshall Islands in preparation for the Battle of Kwajalein Atoll (29 January-3 February 1944) and the Battle of Eniwetok (17–21 February 1944).  For the United States, these battles represented both the next step in its island-hopping march to Japan, and a victory significant for morale, because it was the first time the United States penetrated the "outer ring" of the Japanese Pacific defensive sphere.

In March 1944, the USAAF combat units moved west into the Marshalls, and Abemama became a transport hub for the 9th Troop Carrier Squadron until August.   In addition to the Army units, some Naval aviation units used the airfield in 1944.  With the movement of the Allied forces west towards Japan, the airfield on Abemama Atoll was abandoned by the Americans, and after the war, was developed into a commercial airport.

Airlines and destinations

See also
 USAAF in the Central Pacific

References

 Maurer, Maurer (1983). Air Force Combat Units Of World War II. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History. .
 www.pacificwrecks.com

External links

Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces in the Pacific Ocean theatre of World War II
Airports in Kiribati
Seabees
Brian Wynne. Brian Wynne is Professor Emeritus of Science Studies and a former Research Director of the Centre for the Study of Environmental Change (CSEC) at the Lancaster University. His education includes an MA (Natural Sciences, Cambridge 1968), PhD (Materials Science, Cambridge 1971), MPhil (Sociology of Science, Edinburgh 1977). His work has covered technology and risk assessment, public risk perceptions, and public understanding of science, focusing on the relations between expert and lay knowledge and policy decision-making.

Prizes and public engagements
He was an inaugural member of the management board and scientific committee of the European Environment Agency, (EEA), (1994-2000) and a special adviser to the House of Lords Science and Technology Select committee Inquiry into Science and Society, (March 2000). He was a member of the London Royal Society's Committee on Science in Society.

He chaired a European Union DG Research expert group on the European Knowledge Society which published in 2007 "Taking European Knowledge Society Seriously: Report of the Expert Group on Science and Governance to the Science, Economy and Society Directorate, Directorate-General for Research, European Commission".

Wynne was awarded the John Desmond Bernal Prize by the Society for Social Studies of Science in 2010.

Expert and lay knowledge 
In Wynne's contribution May the Sheep Safely Graze? to the book Risk, Environment and Modernity (1995), he elaborates on the responses of sheep farmers in Cumbria, who had been subjected to administrative restrictions because of radioactive contamination, allegedly caused by the nuclear accident at Chernobyl in 1986. The sheep farmers suffered economical losses, and it turned out that the source of radioactivity was actually the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing complex; thus, the experts who were responsible for the duration of the restrictions were mistaken.

This particular case illustrates how the exercise of scientific interpretation controlled the farmers and furthermore how scientific knowledge neglects specialist lay knowledges, as it defines lay resistances as based on ignorance or irrationality. It also indicates the social basis of scientific knowledge and its public credibility. This is a development in the field of the Risk Society, as developed by Ulrich Beck and Anthony Giddens.

More Reading
 Wynne, B. (1993). Public uptake of science: a case for institutional reflexivity. Public Understanding of Science, 2(4), 321–337.
 Wynne, B. (2014). Further disorientation in the hall of mirrors. Public Understanding of Science, 23(1), 60–70.

See also
 Risk assessment
 Steven Yearley
 Sociology of Scientific Knowledge

External links 
 Brian Wynne's webpage at the University of Lancaster 
 Science & Democracy Network

References

1947 births
Living people
British non-fiction writers
Academics of Lancaster University
Sociologists of science
British male writers
British male non-fiction writers
Union Construction Company. The Union Construction Company (UCC) was a company set up in 1901 and associated with Charles Yerkes, an American associated with the London Underground at that time. It was part of the Underground Electric Railways Company of London (prior to the creation of London Transport in 1933) and was based in Feltham, Middlesex, England.

It stayed moribund until about 1925, and was then activated to renovate trains running on what is now the Central line and, following on from this, it built new London Underground Standard Stock in 1927. It also began a major tram-rebuilding programme for the Metropolitan Electric Tramways (MET).

It became a 'shell' company in 1929, was renamed The Union & Finance Construction Co. Ltd., then built some experimental tramcars for the MET in 1929 & 1930. These became the forerunners of a fleet of 100 double-deck tramcars for London United Tramways (LUT) and MET, well known as the Feltham Tram.

It also built 35 Class A1 and 25 Class A2 trolleybuses for LUT to replace trams in the Kingston area. These bore more than a passing resemblance to the 'Feltham' trams from the front.

In 1933 the London Passenger Transport Board (better known as London Transport) was created by Act of Parliament. The Board was prohibited from directly manufacturing its own vehicles, leading to the demise of the UCC and the placing of all future orders with companies such as Metro-Cammell.

References

Defunct manufacturing companies of the United Kingdom
Rolling stock manufacturers of the United Kingdom
Apache Synapse. Apache Synapse is a lightweight and open-source enterprise service bus (ESB) and mediation engine. It began incubation at the Apache Software Foundation on August 22, 2005, and became a subproject of the Apache Web Services project on January 2, 2007. After implementing support for legacy systems integration, it moved to a Top-Level Project of the Apache Software Foundation on the February 5, 2008. Apache Synapse is released under the Apache License.

Synapse supports the creation of Proxy Services, which allows users to create virtual services on the ESB layer to front existing services including SOAP, POX/REST services over HTTP/S, and Apache VFS file systems.

Synapse can handle thousands of concurrent requests using little resources and threads. Synapse supports clustered deployments, with support for load balancing, throttling and caching over clustered deployments.

See also
Enterprise Service Bus
Service-oriented architecture
Apache Axis2
Web service
Apache License

References

External links 
Synapse web site
Quick Start Guide
Configuration Language Syntax
Samples Guide

Synapse
Java enterprise platform
Service-oriented architecture-related products
Enterprise application integration