omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Tin(II) bromide. Tin(II) bromide is a chemical compound of tin and bromine with a chemical formula of SnBr2. Tin is in the +2 oxidation state. The stability of tin compounds in this oxidation state is attributed to the inert pair effect.

Structure and bonding
In the gas phase SnBr2 is non-linear with a bent configuration similar to SnCl2 in the gas phase. The Br-Sn-Br angle is 95°  and the Sn-Br bond length is 255pm. There is evidence of dimerisation in the gaseous phase. The solid state structure is related to that of SnCl2 and PbCl2 and  the tin atoms have five near bromine atom neighbours in an approximately trigonal bipyramidal configuration. Two polymorphs exist: a room-temperature orthorhombic polymorph, and a high-temperature hexagonal polymorph. Both contain (SnBr2)∞ chains but the packing arrangement differs.

Preparation
Tin(II) bromide can be prepared by the reaction of metallic tin and HBr distilling off the H2O/HBr and cooling:
Sn + 2 HBr → SnBr2 + H2

However, the reaction will produce tin (IV) bromide in the presence of oxygen.

Reactions
SnBr2 is soluble in donor solvents such as acetone, pyridine and dimethylsulfoxide to give pyramidal adducts.
A number of hydrates are known, 2SnBr2·H2O, 3SnBr2·H2O & 6SnBr2·5H2O which in the solid phase have tin coordinated by a distorted trigonal prism of 6 bromine atoms with Br or H2O  capping 1 or 2 faces.
When dissolved in HBr the pyramidal SnBr3− ion is formed.
Like SnCl2 it is a reducing agent. With  a variety of alkyl bromides oxidative addition can occur to yield the alkyltin tribromide e.g.
SnBr2 + RBr → RSnBr3

Tin(II) bromide can act as a Lewis acid forming adducts with donor molecules e.g. trimethylamine where it forms NMe3·SnBr2 and 2NMe3·SnBr2

It can also act as both donor and acceptor in, for example, the complex F3B·SnBr2·NMe3 where it is a donor to boron trifluoride and an acceptor to trimethylamine.

References

Bromides
Metal halides
Tin(II) compounds
Reducing agents
List of Robot Chicken episodes. Robot Chicken is an American stop-motion animated television series created by Seth Green and Matthew Senreich that premiered on Cartoon Network's nighttime programming block Adult Swim on February 20, 2005, at 11:30 p.m. EST. The eleventh and most recent season premiered on September 7, 2021, at 12:00 a.m. EDT. 

 There have also been a number of half-hour specials.

Series overview

Episodes

Season 1 (2005)

Season 2 (2006)

Season 3 (2007–08)

Season 4 (2008–09)

Season 5 (2010–12)

Season 6 (2012–13)

Season 7 (2014)

Season 8 (2015–16)

Season 9 (2017–18)

Season 10 (2019–20)

Season 11 (2021–22)

Specials

References

External links 
 Adult Swim's Robot Chicken website
 List of 

Robot Chicken episodes
Lists of American adult animated television series episodes
Lists of American comedy television series episodes
Home modifications. Home modifications are defined as environmental interventions aiming to support activity performance in the home.  More specifically, home modifications often are changes made to the home environment to help people with functional disability or impairment to be more independent and safe in their own homes and reduce any risk of injury to themselves or their caregivers. Examples of home modifications include installing ramps and rails, altering kitchen and bathroom areas (relocating switches and lowering bench heights), installing emergency alarms.

There are a number of words in common use that are confused with home modifications. For example, home modification is more than home improvement, home renovation or remodelling; those three terms refer to changes made to housing for purposes other than disability.

Other more closely related terms that are interchanged with home modifications in literature include combinations of  home/housing/environment/residential coupled with modification/adaptation/intervention. Each of these terms has a nuanced meaning analysed in further detail by Bridge (2006).  However these terms have in common a context of housing, health and care for people with disability or impairment. 
Home modifications directly impact the accessibility to and within a home and are considered one aspect of the complex relationship between housing and health.
Home modifications are also the subject of ongoing public health and economics research because of their potential to support aging in place and substitute for caregiving. In addition to aging in place and caregiving, there is some evidence that home modifications can reduce falls in the home.

References

Accessible building
Architectural design
Caregiving
OAW. OAW may stand for:

 Helvetic Airways, a Swiss airline, ICAO code OAW
 Ostdeutsche Albatroswerke G.m.b.H, a subsidiary of Albatros Flugzeugwerke, World War I German aircraft manufacturer
 Austrian Academy of Sciences (Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften) (ÖAW)
 , a modular MDA/MDD generator framework implemented in Java
 Convention used in welding documentation for Oxy-acetylene welding
Charles Ezra Greene. Charles Ezra Greene (February 12, 1842 – 1903) was an American civil engineer, born in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

He graduated at Harvard in 1862 and at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1863, served as quartermaster during the last two years of the Civil War, and was United States assistant engineer from 1870 to 1872, when, for part of a year, he was city engineer of Bangor, Maine.

In the same year he became connected with the engineering department of the University of Michigan. In 1895, he became the first dean of the University of Michigan College of Engineering, a position he held until his death.

Greene House and Greene Lounge, located within the East Quad dormitory on the University of Michigan's Central Campus, is named in his honor.

He was an associate editor of the Engineering News from 1876 - 1877. His publications include:  
 Graphical Method for the Analysis of Bridge Trusses (1876)  
 Trusses and Arches: Graphics for Engineers, Architects, and Builders (three volumes, 1876–79; third edition, 1903)  
 Notes on Rankine's Civil Engineering (1891)  
 Structural Mechanics (1897; second edition, 1905)

References

1842 births
1903 deaths
American engineering writers
American civil engineers
Harvard College alumni
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Military personnel from Boston
Union army officers
University of Michigan faculty
Quartermasters
Star Probe. Star Probe is a science fiction game written by John Snider and published in 1975 by TSR, Inc. with artwork by Paul Snider. It was to be the first of a series of interconnected space games, followed Star Empires. The game consists of a 36-page rulebook with a map and counters that players use in their quest for interstellar exploration.

Gameplay
The object of the game is to discover new worlds with potential for colonization. Each player has a ship which they must equip with personnel, weapons, fuel, and rations, funded by an initial grant and later by cash gained through exploration. These are lost or consumed during the course of play. The star systems on the map have numbers indicating how far above or below the plane of the map they are; hence the ships are free to move in three dimensions.

The generic type (amoeboid, insect, feline, avian, etc.) of inhabitants on a planet can be determined by a roll of percentile dice—a similar system appears in Traveller. Players can battle with hostile inhabitants as well as spaceship battles with other players, but doing so costs the players' cash and materials. Star Probe is divided into 60 game turns, with each turn corresponding to one month in the game, although this time limit can be adjusted for the number of players. The winner of the game is the player who has gained the most cash and materials through exploration in this time limit.

Publication history
According to Shannon Appelcline, "Star Probe (1975) by John M. Snider was scheduled for 1974 but slipped into 1975. It was a science-fiction board game of the sort that was just emerging as its own new field — as could be seen in Metagaming's The Space Gamer
(1975–1980). Star Probe was supposed to be the first game in a trilogy, but by the time TSR released the second game, Star Empires
(1977), they'd already found their niche, and it wasn't in science-fiction board gaming after all. They eventually returned the rights to the games to Snider in 1980."

Reception
Edward C. Cooper reviewed Star Probe in The Space Gamer No. 3, commenting that "Star Probe has something for everyone".

In a retrospective review in the February 2000 of InQuest Gamer, Tom Slizewski states that the game's rulebook "reads like a 36-page math equation" and had a negative opinion of the game.

References

External links 

 Star Probe star map at TSR Archive

Board games introduced in 1975
Science fiction board games
TSR, Inc. games
Pelena-1. The Pelena-1 (in Russian means "Shroud") is a Russian ground-based jamming system.

Designed for jamming the AN/APY-2 radar, the primary component of the airborne warning and control system (AWACS), by automatically inducing a jamming frequency on radar carrier frequencies operating in the fast frequency hopping mode. Pelena-1 disrupts the radar capability of detecting targets with RCS of up to 10 - 15 sq.m. The effective jamming range is up to 250 km.

Basic characteristics
Jamming sector: deg ±45
Probability of:
radar suppression: at least 0.8
system kill by antiradar missiles: up to 0.2
Scanning range, deg:
azimuth: 0 - 360
elevation: -1 to +25
Sector of automatic azimuth scanning, deg: 30; 60; 120
Power consumption: 80 kW
Crew: 7

References
 Russia's Arms Catalog 2004

Military electronics of Russia
Electronic warfare
Electronic warfare equipment
Airbridge. Airbridge or air bridge may refer to:

AirBridge (alliance) or AiRUnion, a defunct Russian-backed consortium
Airbridge (band), an early-1980s British progressive-rock band
Airbridge (logistics), the route and means of delivering material from one place to another by an airlift
Airbridge (ultralight aircraft manufacturer), a Russian manufacturer of ultralights
Jet bridge or airbridge, a passenger boarding bridge used at large airports
An electronic component used to allow two traces to cross in, for instance, planar transmission line circuits
Air Bridge, 1951 thriller novel by Hammond Innes

See also 
AirBridgeCargo Airlines, LLC, a subsidiary of Volga-Dnepr Airlines based in Moscow, Russia
Oriental Air Bridge Co., Ltd., a Japanese charter airline based at Nagasaki Airport
Skybridge (disambiguation), a covered bridge between two buildings
Octadecyltrichlorosilane. Octadecyltrichlorosilane (ODTS or n-octadecyltrichlorosilane) is an organosilicon compound with the formula . A colorless liquid, it is used as a silanization agent to prepare hydrophobic stationary phase, for reversed-phase chromatography.

It is also evaluated for forming self-assembled monolayers on silicon dioxide substrates. Its structural chemical formula is CH3(CH2)17SiCl3. It is flammable and hydrolyzes readily with release of hydrogen chloride.

Dodecyltrichlorosilane, an ODTS analog with shorter alkyl chain, is used for the same purpose.

ODTS-PVP films are used in organic-substrate LCD displays.

References

Organochlorosilanes
Thin films
Complex metallic alloy. Complex metallic alloys (CMAs) or complex intermetallics (CIMs) are intermetallic compounds characterized by the following structural features:

large unit cells, comprising some tens up to thousands of atoms,
the presence of well-defined atom clusters, frequently of icosahedral  point group symmetry,
the occurrence of inherent disorder in the ideal structure.

Overview
Complex metallic alloys  is an umbrella term for intermetallic compounds with a relatively large unit cell. There is no precise definition of how large the unit cell of a complex metallic alloy has to be, but the broadest definition includes Zintl phases, skutterudites, and Heusler compounds on the most simple end, and quasicrystals on the more complex end.

Research
Following the invention of X-ray crystallography techniques in the 1910s, the atomic structure of many compounds was investigated. Most metals have relatively simple structures. However, in 1923 Linus Pauling reported on the structure of the intermetallic NaCd2, which had such a complicated structure he was  unable to fully explain it. Thirty years later, he concluded that NaCd2 contains 384 sodium and 768 cadmium atoms in each unit cell.

Most physical properties of CMAs show distinct differences with respect to the behavior of normal metallic alloys and therefore these materials possess a high potential for technological application.

The European Commission funded the Network of Excellence CMA from 2005 to 2010, uniting 19 core groups in 12 countries. From this emerged the European Integrated Center for the Development of New Metallic Alloys and Compounds (previously C-MAC, now ECMetAC), which connects researchers at 21 universities.

Examples
Example phases are:

β-Mg2Al3: 1168 atoms per unit cell, face-centred cubic, atoms arranged in Friauf polyhedra.
ξ'–Al74Pd22Mn4: 318 atoms per unit cell, face-centred orthorhombic, atoms arranged in Mackay-type clusters.
  (Bergman phase): 163 atoms per unit cell, body centred cubic, atoms arranged in Bergman clusters.
  (Taylor phase): 204 atoms per unit cell, face-centred orthorhombic, atoms arranged in Mackay-type clusters.

See also
 High-entropy alloys, alloys of multiple elements which ideally form no intermetallics
 Holmium–magnesium–zinc quasicrystal
 Frank–Kasper phases
 Laves phase
 Hume-Rothery rules

References

Further reading

Intermetallics
Crystal structure types
Poly(4-vinylphenol). Poly(4-vinylphenol), also called polyvinylphenol or PVP, is a plastic structurally similar to polystyrene. It is produced from the monomer 4-vinylphenol, which is also referred to as 4-hydroxystyrene.

PVP is used in electronics as a dielectric layer in organic transistors in organic TFT LCD displays. Thin films of cross-linked PVP can be used in this application, often in combination with pentacene. By varying the dielectric properties of PVP, the field-effect mobility of the TFTs can be tuned. Other applications include its use in photoresist materials, dielectric materials for energy storage, water-resistant adhesives and antimicrobial coatings. PVP, when mixed with a polyelectrolyte, has been demonstrated to moderately inhibit the growth of microorganisms. PVP has also been employed in gas sensors, such as by mixing polymer-carbon black with PVP to analyse organic solvents. PVP brushes are able to sense toxic gases such as hydrogen sulfide with microgravimetric techniques. Molecularly Imprinted Poly-4-vinylphenol can be produced for the selective electrochemical detection of small molecules, such as cotinine or nicotine.

PVP is typically prepared by free radical polymerization of 4-vinylphenol or a protected form of 4-vinylphenol. The protected monomers can be prepared from 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, by vinylation of phenols, or acylation of polystyrene followed by oxidation at room temperature. If poly(4-methoxystyrene) is produced, the methoxy group can be cleaved by treating it with trimethylsilyliodide. There are several patents on the synthesis of 4-hydroxystyrene due its importance in the development of photoresist materials. RAFT polymerization can be used to prepare well-defined PVP chains. This can be done by mediating free radical polymerization of acetoxystyrene, which is then followed by deacetylation. Nitroxide mediated polymerization can also be used to prepare polyacetoxystyrene, which can transformed in polyphenols by UV irradiation. ATRP can also be used for the preparation of defined block copolymers of PVP, by polymerization of 4-acetoxystyrene that is subsequently selectively hydrolysed.

See also
 4-Vinylphenol

References

Organic polymers
Plastics
Vinyl polymers
List of solid waste treatment technologies. The article contains a list of different forms of solid waste treatment technologies and facilities employed in waste management infrastructure.

Waste handling facilities
 Civic amenity site (CA site)
 Transfer station

Established waste treatment technologies
 Incineration
 Landfill
 Recycling
 Specific to organic waste:
 Anaerobic digestion
 Composting
 Windrow composting

Alternative waste treatment technologies
In the UK some of these are sometimes termed advanced waste treatment technologies
 Biodrying
 Gasification
 Plasma gasification: Gasification assisted by plasma torches
 Hydrothermal carbonization
 Hydrothermal liquefaction
 Mechanical biological treatment (sorting into selected fractions)
 Refuse-derived fuel
 Mechanical heat treatment
 Molten salt oxidation
 Pyrolysis
 UASB (applied to solid wastes)
 Waste autoclave
 Specific to organic waste:
 Bioconversion of biomass to mixed alcohol fuels
 In-vessel composting
 Landfarming
 Sewage treatment
 Tunnel composting

See also
 Bioethanol
 Biodiesel
 List of waste management companies
 List of wastewater treatment technologies
 Pollution control
 Waste-to-energy
 Burn pit

References

Anaerobic digestion
Thermal treatment
Waste treatment technology
Solid waste treatment technologies
Narrow-body aircraft. A narrow-body aircraft or single-aisle aircraft is an airliner arranged along a single aisle, permitting up to 6-abreast seating in a cabin less than  in width.
In contrast, a wide-body aircraft is a larger airliner usually configured with multiple aisles and a fuselage diameter of more than , allowing at least seven-abreast seating and often more travel classes.

Market

Historically, beginning in the late 1960s and continuing through the 1990s, twin engine narrow-body aircraft, such as the Boeing 737 Classic, McDonnell-Douglas MD-80 and Airbus A320 were primarily employed in short to medium-haul markets requiring neither the range nor the passenger-carrying capacity of that period's wide-body aircraft.

The re-engined Boeing 737 MAX and Airbus A320neo jets offer 500 miles more range, allowing them to operate the 3,000 miles transatlantic flights between the eastern U.S. and Western Europe, previously dominated by wide-body aircraft.
Norwegian Air Shuttle, JetBlue and TAP Portugal will open up direct routes bypassing airline hubs for lower fares between cheaper, smaller airports.
The Boeing 737NG 3,300-mile range is insufficient for fully laden operations and operates at reduced capacity like the Airbus A318, while the Airbus A321LR could replace the less fuel efficient Boeing 757s used since their production ended in 2004.

Boeing will face competition and pricing pressure from the Embraer E-Jet E2 family, Airbus A220 (formerly Bombardier CSeries) and Comac C919.

Between 2016 and 2035, FlightGlobal expects 26,860 single-aisles to be delivered for almost $ billion, 45% Airbus A320 family ceo and neo and 43% Boeing 737 NG and max.
By June 2018, there were 10,572 Airbus A320neo and Boeing 737 MAX orders: 6,068 Airbuses (%, 2,295 with CFMs, 1,623 with PWs and 2,150 with not yet decided engines) and 4,504 Boeings (%); 3,446 in Asia-Pacific (%), 2,349 in Europe (%), 1,926 in North America (%), 912 in Latin America (%), 654 in Middle East (%), 72 in Africa (%) and 1,213 not yet bounded (%).

Many airlines have shown interest in the Airbus A321LR or its A321XLR derivative, and other extended-range models, for thin transatlantic and Asia-Pacific routes.

Examples

Six-abreast cabin

Five-abreast cabin

Four-abreast cabin

Three-abreast cabin

Two-abreast cabin

Image gallery

See also 
 List of regional airliners
 Regional jet
 Wide-body aircraft

Notes

References

Aircraft configurations
Airliners
HSC Champion Jet 2. The HSC Champion Jet 2 is a catamaran ferry owned by Seajets. Between 1997 and early 2015, she was operated by Condor Ferries and ran between England and the Channel Islands as Condor Express .

History

Champion Jet 2 was built in 1996 by Incat in Hobart, Australia originally for use by Condor Ferries then joint owned by Commodore Shipping of Guernsey and Holyman. The vessel known then as Condor Express, was the first of a series of four 86 metre catamarans.

Condor Express arrived in her home waters from her builders in January 1997 and was opened to the public in Poole before taking up service between Weymouth and the Channel Islands later that month replacing Condor 12.  On 1 March 1997, Condor Express opened the Poole-Channel Islands service for Condor Ferries after operating what was planned to be the last sailing from Weymouth for the company the day before. Condor Express first year in service was marred by a series of technical problems resulting in delays and cancellation of what was now the only car and passenger ferry service to the Channel Islands. As a result of these problems the governments of Guernsey and Jersey put the licence to operate the service to England out to tender. Condor Express engines were subsequently modified along with those of her sister ships and she provided a more reliable service based in Weymouth year round with seasonal services from Poole. As part of a bid to improve service as part of the tender agreement Condor Express and her sister Condor Vitesse were fitted with a Club Lounge and an area of reclining seats.

Condor Express received an updated version of the Condor Ferries livery in 2003.

In August 2005 Condor Express briefly ran on the Brittany Ferries Poole-Cherbourg service. She had been experiencing technical problems and so Condor Vitesse was transferred to the more taxing Channel Islands service. During this time Condor Express did not sail to St Malo, instead running an afternoon round trip to Cherbourg to ensure she would return to Poole in time for the 07:30 Brittany Ferries departure time.  Condor Express ran once again for Brittany Ferries on 19 May 2008.

On 14 January 2015, it was announced that she would be sold to Greek firm Seajets with her sister ship HSC Condor Vitesse, owing to her replacement by Condor Liberation. Seajets renamed it HSC Champion Jet 2.

Regular routes

Champion Jet 2 operates routes from Piraeus or Heraklion to the Greek islands:

Currently operating 

Piraeus-Serifos-Sifnos-Milos-Sifnos-Serifos-Piraeus

Apr - June 2022
Piraeus-Syros-Mykonos-Naxos-Ios-santorini-Naxos-Mykonos-Syros-Pireaus

May - Oct 2021
Piraeus-Serifos-Sifnos-Milos-Sifnos-Serifos-Piraeus

2020
Piraeus-Mykonos-Naxos-Thira-Naxos-Mykonos-Pireaus
Heraklion-Thira-Ios-Naxos-Mykonos-Paros-Naxos-Thira-Heraklion
Rethymno-Thira-Rethymno

Sister ships
Champion Jet 1
Champion Jet 3
Tarifa Jet

Refences

External links

86 Metre Wave Piercing Catamaran Incat

Ships of Seajets
Ships built by Incat
Ferries of England
Ferries of Jersey
Ferries of Guernsey
Ferries of Greece
Incat high-speed craft
1996 ships
Kauri-butanol value. The kauri-butanol value ("Kb value") is an international, standardized measure of solvent power for a hydrocarbon solvent, and is governed by an ASTM standardized test, ASTM D1133. The result of this test is a scaleless index, usually referred to as the "Kb value". A higher Kb value means the solvent is more aggressive or active in the ability to dissolve certain materials. Mild solvents have low scores in the tens and twenties; powerful solvents like chlorinated solvents and naphthenic aromatic solvents (i.e. "High Sol 10", "High Sol 15") have ratings that are in the low hundreds.

In terms of the test itself, the kauri-butanol value (Kb) of a chemical shows the maximum amount of the hydrocarbon that can be added to a solution of kauri resin (a thick, gum-like material) in butanol (butyl alcohol) without causing cloudiness. Since kauri resin is readily soluble in butyl alcohol but not in most hydrocarbon solvents, the resin solution will tolerate only a certain amount of dilution. "Stronger" solvents such as benzene can be added in a greater amount (and thus have a higher Kb value) than "weaker" solvents like mineral spirits.

References

Product certification
Units of measurement
Kauri gum