omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
John Joseph Rawlings. John Joseph Rawlings (1 June 1860 – 4 August 1942) was a British mechanical engineer and inventor of the wall plug, also known from his name as the rawlplug. He was the founder of the Rawlplug manufacturing company.

Biography
Rawlings was born in 1860 in Southfields, Wandsworth, London, the eldest son of carman John Rawlings and Sarah Payne. He worked as a whitesmith and later a mechanical engineer. In 1896, he married Millicent Dale, with whom he had a son, Ralph John Rawlings, and daughter, Kathleen Millicent. He retired to Wimbledon, where he died in 1942.

Rawlplug

Rawlings invented the wall plug around 1910–11, registered a patent in 1911, trademarked the "rawlplug" name in 1912 and was granted the patent in 1913. In 1919, his company, formerly known as the Rawlings Brothers, was renamed to Rawlplug Ltd. The factory was in Mill Hill, London.

The original device was a jute fibre cylinder inserted into a hole drilled in the masonry and into which the screw was inserted. The deeper the screw penetrated, the more the fibre expanded and the greater the grip against the masonry. The jute was replaced by a thermoplastic plug in the 1960s, injection moulded singly, or in multiples attached together by the original sprue. Each plug can be easily twisted off the sprue when needed.

The company went on to develop the Rawlbolt, a fitting with similar function but much greater size and strength.

References

External links
Short note

British mechanical engineers
People from Putney
1860 births
1942 deaths
Articles containing video clips
Brochet MB.110. 

The Brochet MB.110 was a four-seat light aircraft developed in France in the early 1950s.

Design and development
A further derivative of the Brochet MB.70 family, generally similar to those aircraft, the MB.110 was a substantially new and enlarged design. Apart from a bigger passenger cabin with one more seat than previous models, the wing and tail were redesigned, and a more powerful engine was fitted. Two examples were built. The prototype aircraft first flew at Chavenay-Villepreux airfield near Paris on 12 March 1956.

Specifications

References

 
 
 

1950s French sport aircraft
Brochet aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1956
Brochet MB.120. 

The Brochet MB.120 was a two-seat light aircraft developed in France in the 1950s.

Design and development
A derivative of the Brochet MB.70 family, combining the wing of the MB.80 with a modified fuselage of the MB.100 seating two. The design never progressed past a single prototype.

Specifications

References

 
 
 

1950s French sport aircraft
Brochet aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1954
Ammonium formate. Ammonium formate, NH4HCO2, is the ammonium salt of formic acid. It is a colorless, hygroscopic, crystalline solid.

Reductive amination
Acetone can be transformed into isopropylamine as follows:

CH3C(O)CH3 + 2 HCO2− +NH4 → (CH3)2CHNHCHO + 2 H2O + NH3 + CO2
(CH3)2CHNHCHO + H2O → (CH3)2CHNH2 + HCO2H

Uses
Pure ammonium formate decomposes into formamide and water when heated, and this is its primary use in industry. Formic acid can also be obtained by reacting ammonium formate with a dilute acid, and since ammonium formate is also produced from formic acid, it can serve as a way of storing formic acid.

Ammonium formate can also be used in palladium on carbon (Pd/C) reduction of functional groups. In the presence of Pd/C, ammonium formate decomposes to hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and ammonia. This hydrogen gas is adsorbed onto the surface of the palladium metal, where it can react with various functional groups. For example, alkenes can be reduced to alkanes, formaldehyde to methanol, and nitro compounds to amines. Activated single bonds to heteroatoms can also be replaced by hydrogens (hydrogenolysis).

Ammonium formate can be used for reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones (Leuckart reaction), by the following reaction:

Ammonium formate can be used as a mobile phase additive in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and is suitable for use with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS). The pKa values of formic acid and the ammonium ion are 3.8 and 9.2, respectively.

Reactions
When heated, ammonium formate eliminates water, forming formamide. Upon further heating, it forms hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and water. A side reaction of this is the decomposition of formamide to carbon monoxide (CO) and ammonia.

References

External links

Formates
Ammonium compounds
Stout Bushmaster 2000. 

The Bushmaster 2000 is a small commuter airliner built in the United States in an attempt to revive the Ford Trimotor design. Work began in 1953 by testing a vintage Trimotor and in 1954 Bill Stout purchased the design rights to the original Trimotor. Due to "Ford Tri-Motor" licensing problems, the Ford 15-AT-D was given the Bushmaster 2000 name. On 15 January 1955, Stout and partner Robert Hayden from the Hayden Aircraft Corporation announced they were planning to build 1,000 new Bushmasters, but it would be eleven years before the first prototype of the new design flew.

The Bushmaster 2000 featured significant modernization of the original 1920s design, particularly in the choice of materials and construction techniques. It also had more powerful engines, enlarged cockpit windows, a lighter and stronger aluminum-alloy skin, a foot-operated hydraulic replacement of the old Trimotor's hand-operated "Johnny Brake," a larger stabilizer and a dorsal fin to reduce yaw, modern trim tabs and interior rather than exterior control cables.

However, even with modern engines and propellers, the aircraft's performance did not compare favourably with contemporary designs of similar capacity, and no sales ensued. Combined with financial, management and marketing problems, only two examples were built with a third fuselage never completed.

The first Bushmaster, N7501V was assembled in 1966, and is owned by Pleasant Aviation LLC At mid America flight Museum and based at Mt Pleasant Regional Airport near Mount Pleasant, Texas. The second aircraft N750RW was completed 18 January 1985 by Ralph Williams, the President of Hydro-Forming in Long Beach, California. This aircraft was written off in an accident at Fullerton Municipal Airport, California on 25 September 2004.

Specifications

See also

References

Bibliography

Further reading

External links

 NTSB accident report
 Video of 2004 accident at Fullerton Airport

1960s United States airliners
Trimotors
High-wing aircraft
Hayden aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Aircraft first flown in 1964
Moganite. Moganite is an oxide mineral with the chemical formula SiO2 (silicon dioxide) that was discovered in 1976. It was initially described as a new form of silica from specimens found in the Barranco de Medio Almud, in the municipality of Mogán on the island of Gran Canaria, in the Canary Islands (Spain), receiving in a later work the name derived from this locality. In 1994 the International Mineralogical Association decided to disapprove it as a valid mineral, since it was considered indistinguishable from quartz. Subsequent studies allowed the IMA to rectify it in 1999, accepting it as a mineral species.
It has the same chemical composition as quartz, but a different crystal structure.

This mineral has been mainly found in dry locales such as Gran Canaria and Lake Magadi. It has been reported from a variety of locations in Europe, India and the United States. Physically, it has a Mohs hardness of about 6, a dull luster and appears as a semitransparent gray in color.

Structural information 
The main infrared spectroscopy (IR) differences between moganite and α-quartz occur in the wavenumber region below 650 cm−1. Above this wavenumber, the frequencies of Si–O stretching vibrations of moganite are almost identical to those of quartz. Additional moganite bands were recorded near 165, 207, 296, 343, 419, 576, and 612 cm−1.

Structural phase transition 
Synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data for moganite from  has revealed a reversible phase transition from space group I2/a to Imab at approximately . 
The in-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy shows that while the thermal responses of H2O and OH in moganite display similarities to agate, the spectra are not completely identical. Absorptions in the O–H stretching region reveal that dehydration and dehydroxylation is a multistage process. Although hydrogen loss starts below , hydrous species may well remain in moganite even at .

References

Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 15
Oxide minerals
Silica polymorphs
Silicon compounds
Lake Charles LNG. Lake Charles LNG (former name: Trunkline LNG as import terminal) is a liquefied natural gas export terminal proposed in Lake Charles, Louisiana, United States.  It is owned by the subsidiary of Energy Transfer Equity. Together with Royal Dutch Shell there is a plan to build a 15 million tons per year liquefaction plant to the terminal to allow LNG export. However, the investment decision is delayed.

As Trunkline LNG, The Phase I expansion included a second ship berth and a new LNG storage tank that increased terminal storage capacity to , and was placed in service on April 5, 2006. Trunkline LNG completed the Phase II terminal expansion in early July 2006, increasing sustained sendout capacity to  and peak sendout capacity to  .  The Phase II expansion also included the construction of unloading capabilities at the terminal's second dock.

References

External links
 

Liquefied natural gas terminals
Buildings and structures in Lake Charles, Louisiana
Natural gas infrastructure in the United States
Pierre Subdivision. The Pierre Subdivision is an east–west railway line owned and operated by the Rapid City, Pierre and Eastern Railroad (RCPE), a subsidiary of Genesee & Wyoming. The line stretches approximately  across the central parts of South Dakota, connecting Pierre, South Dakota with Huron, South Dakota. It is also a part of the RCPE's east–west main route. Traffic on this line is solely freight traffic.

The line is not equipped with centralized traffic control or automatic block signalling (dark territory). It is dispatched via radio under the track warrant control rules.

There are passing sidings at Miller and Highmore, with only spur tracks at other locations. Freight yards are located at Huron and Pierre.

Connections to other subdivisions and railroads
The Pierre Subdivision connects with Redfield Subdivision and the BNSF Railway at Wolsey, South Dakota. It also connects with Huron and Yale Spur Subdivisions at Huron, South Dakota, with Onida Subdivision at Blunt, South Dakota, and with PRC Subdivision at Pierre, South Dakota.

External links
 Dakota, Minnesota and Eastern Railfan Timetable: Pierre Subdivision

Dakota, Minnesota and Eastern Railroad
Chicago and North Western Railway
Rapid City, Pierre and Eastern Railroad
Rail infrastructure in South Dakota
Ferrotitanium. Ferrotitanium is a ferroalloy, an alloy of iron and titanium with between 10 and 20% iron and 45–75% titanium and sometimes a small amount of carbon. It is used in steelmaking as a cleansing agent for iron and steel; the titanium is highly reactive with sulfur, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen, forming insoluble compounds and sequestering them in slag, and is therefore used for deoxidizing, and sometimes for desulfurization and denitrogenation. In steelmaking, the addition of titanium yields metal with finer grain structure.  Ferrotitanium can be manufactured by mixing titanium sponge and scrap with iron and melting them together in an induction furnace.  Ferrotitanium powder can be also used as a fuel in some pyrotechnic compositions.

References

External links

 TiVolga - ferrotitanium in lumps, fines, cored wire with ferrotitanium filling
 Sumitomo Titanium Corporation - ferrotitaniums QFT-70, QFT-40, QFT-28
 F.E. Mottram Group

Ferroalloys
Deoxidizers
Pyrotechnic fuels
Titanium alloys
Katsuzō Nishi. Katsuzō Nishi (西 勝造, にし•かつぞー, Nishi Katsuzō) (1884 – 1959)  was the Japanese founder of Nishi Shiki in 1927, who was at that time the chief technical engineer for Japan's first subway project, the Tokyo subway. He was also an aikido teacher.

Biography 

The health for which Katsuzō Nishi is grateful came by struggle. What he was he owed to his original methods of health building, methods which were a precious outcome of years of careful study of nearly every theory of health and preventative medicine to be found in the world, of endless experimentation, and lastly, of a very critical examination, from the standpoint of modern medical science, of the knowledge so acquired.

He was also an aikido teacher at Aikikai Hombu Dojo hence many aikidoka were introduced to the Nishi Health System which resulted in the incorporation of certain exercises, like the fish exercise (kingyō undō, 金魚運動), into aikido and the way aikidoka took care of their health.

After the war he also advised Kisshomaru Ueshiba on reestablishing the Aikikai Foundation after the war.

Teachers
The following persons have been his most influential teachers:
Morihei Ueshiba
Vikrant Bhatla

Students
These are the most notable of his students:
Masatomi Ikeda

Descendants
Manjiro Nishi

Books
Live Longer the Nishi Health System Way Prevent Sickness Maintain Health and Treat Ailments by Katsuzō Nishi.
Nishi System of Health Engineering by Katsuzō Nishi. Kessinger, 1936, paperback, 
Nishi System of Health Engineering : Based on an Entirely New Theory of Blood Circulation by Katsuzō Nishi. Hardcover.
Live Longer the Nishi Health System Way Prevent Sickness Maintain Health and Treat Ailments by Katsuzō Nishi. 1997. paperback.
Cybernetics: Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine by Katsuzō Nishi

References

External links
Nishishiki Kenkoho Nishikai Honbu 
Nishi Health System Network
Japan - Behind the Scenes - People
Nishikai do Brasil

1884 births
1959 deaths
Japanese aikidoka
People in alternative medicine
Columbia University alumni
OSADL. The Open Source Automation Development Lab eG (OSADL) is a German organization intended to promote and coordinate the development of open source software for the machine, machine tool, and automation industry. , it has more than 40 member companies from around the world, including machine manufacturers, manufacturers of automation hardware and software, semiconductor companies, user associations and open source software service providers. Membership fees are used for the most part to fund development of the software.

OSADL was founded on December 8, 2005. It was assigned the cooperative register number 440085 at the Stuttgart, Germany, District Court in August 2006.

OSADL is a member of OPC Foundation which governs the OPC UA industrial automation standard, in which the lab is also involved.

Preamble of the articles of incorporation of the cooperative
"The automation industry and its suppliers are profiting greatly from Open Source operating systems such as Linux since they guarantee long production cycles, rapid troubleshooting and the independence of individual software manufacturers. However, this branch requires specific expansions of the operating system such as real-time capabilities, the compatibility with these expansions must be certifiable, and standardized software interfaces must be available. The development of these requirements is the goal of the Open Source Automation Development Lab (OSADL)."

Working groups and projects

Over time a number of working groups has been established and projects participated in, this lists some of the more prominent:

 Ingo Molnár's and Thomas Gleixner's Linux Real-time Preempt Patches (aka PREEMPT_RT)
 Kernel-based Virtual Machine and Real-time Preempt Patches
 Critical Safety Linux
 Universal industrial I/O framework
 Upstream submission of kernel components to Mainline Linux
 Conformance tests of board support packages
 Tools and libraries to facilitate the migration to Linux
 Quality assurance of the Linux kernel and its real-time capabilities in a "QA Farm"
 License Compliance Audit to help companies follow the obligations of Open Source licenses
 Adding TSN and publish/subscribe capabilities to open62541 (implements OPC UA industrial automation)

Feedback
The relevance of the Linux operating system for embedded systems and OSADL's role to foster its real-time capabilities are recognized.

References

External links
 Official website
 Article in "Boards & Solutions", 03/2007
 Article in "Industrial Ethernet Book", 05/2009
 Article in "Boards & Solutions", 06/2011

Free and open-source software organizations
Organizations established in 2005
Astus 14.1. The Astus 14.1 is a 14 ft (4.18m) trimaran dinghy aimed at recreational sailing and racing. The trimaran design is unusual for a boat of this size but is said to combine the features of other types of design: pointing ability of a monohull dinghy (the ability to sail close to the wind), reaching ability of a catamaran (ability to achieve high speeds on a beam reach), and planing ability of a skiff (ability to surf and go faster than the theoretical speed limit of a displacement boat of the same size). The stability provided by the floats makes the boat accessible to beginners and single-handed racers.

Construction
The Astus 14.1 is built in glass-reinforced polyester (GRP) covered with white gelcoat. The cockpit floor has a honeycomb core, offering rigidity and durability.
The floats are mounted on dismountable arched tubes and can be removed for storage. However given that the overall width with floats in space is 2.50m, the boat can be towed on the road with the floats in place.

Cockpit:
The cockpit of the Astus 14.1 is large enough to accommodate two adults, or one adult with two children. The cockpit floor is flat with a daggerboard well. The mainsheet purchase tackle is attached to the aft tube. A small watertight locker is located at the fore end of the cockpit.

Spars:
The Astus 14.1 is equipped with a self-supporting mast for the 6-square metre mainsail version. On the 8-square metre mainsail version the mast is secured by spectra halyards. The mainsail is footed on a boom.

Sails:
The Astus 14.1 is equipped with a full-batten Dacron mainsail which is available in two sizes: 6 square metres for sailing schools and beginners, or 8 square metres for racing, as standard. A furling gennaker mounted on a bowsprit is available as an option.

Trailer:
The trailer offered as an option with the Astus 14.1 is a combination trailer with a launching trolley that can be detached from the road base.

Suitability for trekking

Pros
Watertight locker offers storage and protection for personal belongings
Light weight
Comfortable sitting position
Stable and dry

Cons
Watch out for the daggerboard when beaching
Cockpit not large enough for a long trek with two adults

Specifications

See also
List of multihulls
Astus 16.1
Astus 20.1
Multihull
Trimaran
Dinghy sailing

External links
Astus Trimarans
Images Gallery of Astus Trimarans from Nouvelle Generation Voile

Trimarans
Dinghies
Optech. Teledyne Optech is a for-profit company operating since 1974, and focusing on Laser-based survey systems.  It started as Optech Incorporated, and was purchased by Teledyne Technologies in 2015.

Optech Inc is known for its association with Phoenix, a spacecraft launched for Mars in 2007.

The company 

The company is active in the markets of airborne laser terrain mapping systems, airborne laser bathymetry, industrial and 3D imaging, and space lidar solutions.

Optech's founder is Allan Carswell, who in 2006 received the John H. Chapman Award of Excellence by the Canadian Space Agency.

Robert D. Richards, Optech's former Space Division director, received an honorary doctorate (Doctor of Space Achievement honoris causa) from the International Space University which he co-founded with Peter Diamandis and Todd Hawley in 1987.

The company is described as a world leader in laser-based survey instruments and has 33 years of experience in lidars. Optech Incorporated created the world's first purpose-built mobile lidar platform, the Lynx Mobile Mapper, released in 2007.

In April 2012, Teledyne Technologies announced an increase in ownership of Optech by its subsidiary, Teledyne Dalsa, to a majority stake of 51%.

Association with Phoenix 

The company designed the lidar (laser radar) of the Meteorological Station Lidar Sensor (MET) on the Phoenix Mars lander.  The lidar was built in collaboration with MDA Space Missions, Canadian Space Agency, and scientists from Canada and United States.

Dr Carswell was also the originating Canadian Principal Investigator for the Phoenix mission.

Other projects 
Optech, in association with MDA, also provided the lidar sensors of the United States Air Force's XSS-11 mission.

References

External links 
 

Technology companies of Canada
Science and technology in Canada
PRC Subdivision. The PRC Subdivision is a railway line owned and operated by the Rapid City, Pierre and Eastern Railroad (RCPE), a subsidiary of Genesee & Wyoming. The line is the company's important east–west route, connecting Pierre to Rapid City, both in South Dakota. The line is a freight-only line, stretching for approximately  across central South Dakota. It uses the Chicago and North Western Railroad Bridge to cross the Missouri River between Pierre and Fort Pierre.

The route is not equipped with centralized traffic control or automatic block signalling systems. Traffic is controlled via radio under track warrant control rules.

In addition to freight yards located at Pierre and Rapid City, there are passing sidings at Philip and Wall. Formerly, there was also a wye at Wall. There is also a  long passing siding named J.C. Siding  west from Pierre. At other locations only spur tracks exist.

Connections
The PRC Subdivision connects with Pierre Subdivision at Pierre and with Black Hills Subdivision at Rapid City. There was also a spur track connection to Ellsworth Air Force Base at Box Elder. This connection is not active as it was closed off in 2004 by the U.S. Air Force.

There are no connections to other rail traffic operators along this line.

External links
 Dakota, Minnesota and Eastern Railfan Timetables: PRC Subdivision

Dakota, Minnesota and Eastern Railroad
Chicago and North Western Railway
Rapid City, Pierre and Eastern Railroad
Rail infrastructure in South Dakota
5S. 5S may refer to:

 5S (methodology), a Japanese management methodology
 5S ribosomal RNA
 Select Society of Sanitary Sludge Shovelers
 A series of Toyota S engines 
 A technique for calming babies, as suggested by Harvey Karp 
 iPhone 5S, a smartphone by Apple Inc.
5S, the production code for the 1981 Doctor Who serial Warriors' Gate
Fives, an English sport

See also
S5 (disambiguation)
5 (disambiguation)