omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Team Apache. Team Apache is an attack helicopter flight simulator developed by Simis and published by Mindscape. Team Apache is mostly about commanding a group of six AH-64 Apache US Army crews in battles against Communist FARC insurgents in Colombia and the Russian military in Latvia.

Development 
Team Apache was developed by Simis, whose founders led a management buyout of the developer from Eidos Interactive during development. Mindscape later purchased the publishing rights.

Gameplay 

Team Apache is an intricate video game characterized by its focus on the principles of command, tactics, and battlefield authenticity. The player assumes a managerial role, supervising unit morale, supply logistics, maintenance procedures, and strategic planning undertaken prior to mission deployment.

The game utilizes a combination of manual instructions and a daily newspaper system to provide players with the geopolitical context behind the depicted wars, accentuating the emphasis on realism. Detailed, military-style situation reports are employed to offer a comprehensive overview of the tactical environment, ensuring a complete understanding of the battlefield situation.

During the game's progress, ground forces engage in realistic deployments and movements, accurately replicating the dynamics of a theatre of conflict.

Team Apache offers diverse gameplay modes. It includes a multiplayer mode that allows players to collaborate or compete with others. The game is equipped with a mission building application, enabling players to design and execute their own missions, thereby enriching the user's engagement with the game's strategic elements.

Plot 

The player commands six AH-64 Apache crews of the US Army in battles against the Communist FARC insurgents in Colombia and the Russian military in Latvia. The storyline is developed through FMV sequences, in-mission briefings and newspaper articles.

Colombian Campaign 

In 1998, the Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia–Ejército del Pueblo or FARC-EP (Spanish for "Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia–People's Army") staged a large-scale guerrilla offensive against the government of Colombia. In its wake comes a wave of kidnappings and assassinations of high-ranking officials and their families. The corrupt and inefficient military of Colombia and police cannot hold their own against the insurgents, and need help from the United States. The United States needs to safeguard Colombia's oil industry and eliminate FARC's illegal cocaine industry.

Latvian Campaign

See also 

 Comanche  series of war simulation games

References

External links 
 Combatsim.com Team Apache interview A site dedicated to combat simulations, with an interview with Bryan Walker, the original concept developer for Team Apache.
 Gamespot review

Migman's Team Apache info

1998 video games
Helicopter video games
Mindscape games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Simis games
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Video games set in 1998
Video games set in Colombia
Windows games
Windows-only games
Combat flight simulators
Maximilien Toepler. Maximilien August Topler (25 June 1870 – 14 March 1960) was a German physicist known for his work on electrostatics, sparks and Schlieren photography. His father was the physicist August Toepler.

Toepler's law (1906) states that the resistance of an electric arc at any time is inversely proportional to the charge which has flowed through the arc:

where I(t) is the current in the arc discharge at time t, and D is the gap between the electrodes. The parameter  is a constant whose value is .

References 
 Toepler's law (PDF)
 High Voltage Engineering Fundamentals
 Toepler, Annalen der Physik, 1906; 4: 191. (original publication)

1870 births
1960 deaths
20th-century German physicists
Redmanol Chemical Products Company. Redmanol Chemical Products Company was an early plastics manufacturer formed in 1913.  Lawrence V. Redman was its president. In 1922, the Redmanol Company, the Condensite Company of America, and General Bakelite were consolidated into the Bakelite Corporation.

References 

Defunct manufacturing companies of the United States
Manufacturing companies established in 1913 
American companies established in 1913
Vinyl polymer. In polymer chemistry, vinyl polymers are a group of polymers derived from substituted vinyl () monomers. Their backbone is an extended alkane chain . In popular usage, "vinyl" refers only to polyvinyl chloride (PVC).

Examples
Vinyl polymers are the most common type of plastic.  Important examples can be distinguished by the R group in the monomer H2C=CHR:
 Polyethylene R = H
 polypropylene from propylene, R = CH3
 Polystyrene is made from styrene, R = C6H5
 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is made from vinyl chloride, R= Cl
 Polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) is made from vinyl acetate, R = O2CCH3
 Polyacrylonitrile is made from acrylonitrile, R = CN

Production
Vinyl polymers are produced using catalysts. Ziegler–Natta catalysts are used commercially for production of polyethylene and polypropylene.  Many are produced using radical initiators which are produced from organic peroxides.  Still others (polystyrene) are produced using anionic initiators such as butyl lithium.

An exception from the usual rules, polyvinyl alcohol, )n, is produced by hydrolysis of polyvinyl acetate.  Vinyl alcohol is not sufficiently stable to undergo polymerization.

Structure
Vinyl polymers are subject of several structural variations, which greatly expands the range of polymers and their applications.

With the exception of polyethylene, vinyl polymers can arise from head-to-tail linking of monomers, head-to-head combined with tail-to-tail, or a mixture of those two patterns.  Additionally the substituted carbon center in such polymers is stereogenic (a "chiral center"), with the result that the relative absolute configurations of these centers within a polymer can influence the properties of the polymer. This feature is called tacticity. The polymerization conditions and the catalysts affect tacticity.

Another major variation for vinyl polymers arises from the copolymerization of differing vinyl monomers.  The simplest example is ethylene-propylene copolymer.  The % comonomer is yet another variation.

See also 
Acrylate polymer

References 

 
Organic polymers
Consolidated XPB3Y. The Consolidated XPB3Y was a proposed extra-long-range flying boat for patrol and bombardment missions, developed from the earlier PB2Y Coronado. The United States Navy ordered the construction of a prototype on April 2, 1942. On November 4 of the same year, however,  the aircraft was cancelled due to the higher priority accorded to other Consolidated projects.

Specifications (February 1942 proposal)

See also

References

External links
Aerofiles - Consolidated

PB3Y
Flying boats
Four-engined tractor aircraft
Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United States
High-wing aircraft
Four-engined piston aircraft
Twin-tail aircraft
1940s United States patrol aircraft
NetJet. NetJet was the first commercially available web accelerator. The product was developed by Peak Technologies (changed in 1997 to PeakSoft Multinet Corp.) in 1996 and released in November 1996 at COMDEX in Las Vegas, Nevada. NetJet was named a 'Best in Show' product in the internet category.

NetJet was derived from the ExpressO Java Server designed and developed by Charles T. ("Chuck") Russell the founder of Innovative Desktop Inc. a Delaware corporation acquired by Peak Technologies in June, 1996. ExpressO was the first widely distributed, commercially available java application server.

NetJet features provided better response time and enhanced download speeds for web browsers by performing work in the background. NetJet drew interest from the World Wide Web community in December 1996 when CNET magazine wrote: "Web accelerators--one of the hottest tools on the Internet--are supposed to make life easier for Net surfers, but they are causing some headaches for Web site operators." At that time link prefetching was causing a number of HTTP requests to be delivered to each website the browser visited. While this increased browsing speed for the user it did cause web server traffic to be magnified, much to the concern of website administrators.

NetJet paved the way for commercial Java technologies and may be considered notable because of the following:
It was the first commercially available, shrink wrapped application written for the Java platform.
It was the first software product updated over the air via the internet.
It provided the first look ahead technologies to enable link prefetching.
It contained intelligent caching algorithms ensuring frequently visited content was fresh and up-to-date.
The product was the first software product to provide web update features allowing NetJet updates to be automatically downloaded online and applied to the product without user intervention.

The product acted as a client-side caching web proxy and was compatible with most web browsers. All fetched content was cached and updated within background threads based upon user's browsing habits. The 'smart cache' used several algorithmic tricks to ensure that content users browsed regularly was updated and fresh. This behavior sped up browsing, much of which was done through dial-up modem at speeds of 56 KBS.

Peak Technologies changed the name of the product from NetJet to PeakJet in 1997 after settling a trademark dispute with NetJet inc. (www.netjets.com).

PeakSoft's website was shut down in 2002-2003.

References

Web accelerators
1997 software
Internet properties established in 1997
James McLurkin. James McLurkin (born 1972) is a Senior Hardware Engineer at Google. Previously, he was an engineering assistant professor at Rice University specializing in swarm robotics. In 2005, he appeared on an episode of PBS' Nova and is a winner of the 2003 Lemelson-MIT Prize.

Early life 
McLurkin was born in 1972 in Baldwin, New York and graduated from Baldwin Senior High School in 1990. He built his first robot, Rover, in 1988.

Education and career 
McLurkin completed his PhD in computer science in May 2008 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. Previously, he earned his master's degree in electrical engineering from the University of California at Berkeley and B.S. from MIT.

As part of his doctoral research, McLurkin developed algorithms and techniques for programming "swarms" of autonomous robots to mimic the behavior of bees, including their abilities to cluster, disperse, follow, and orbit.

In 1995, McLurkin was invited by the Smithsonian Institution to speak about his life and career in a presentation for schoolchildren sponsored by the Smithsonian's Lemelson Center for the Study of Invention and Innovation.

References

External links
 Personal web page
 NOVA Science NOW feature, includes video segment
 Prototype Online: Inventive Voices podcast featuring a 2006 interview with James McLurkin - From the Smithsonian's Lemelson Center for the Study of Invention and Innovation website.

Lemelson–MIT Prize
1972 births
Living people
Rice University faculty
African-American engineers
21st-century American engineers
21st-century African-American scientists
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
UC Berkeley College of Engineering alumni
American roboticists
21st-century African-American academics
21st-century American academics
20th-century African-American academics
20th-century American academics
IFX. IFX may refer to:

 IFX AG or Infineon Technologies AG, a German semiconductor manufacturer
 KFX/IFX, a joint South Korean and Indonesian program to develop a fighter jet
 IFX Piranha, video software for Linux
 Clarisse IFX, a proprietary 3D rendering software
 IFX, International Flight Training Academy ICAO code
 Interactive Financial Exchange (IFX), a financial data transfer file format
 IFX Markets, a trading name of City Index Group
 IFX is a name for the current Intel Fortran Compiler

See also 
 FX (disambiguation)
Connectionist expert system. Connectionist expert systems are artificial neural network (ANN) based expert systems where the ANN generates inferencing rules e.g., fuzzy-multi layer perceptron where linguistic and natural form of inputs are used. Apart from that, rough set theory may be used for encoding knowledge in the weights better and also genetic algorithms may be used to optimize the search solutions better. Symbolic reasoning methods may also be incorporated (see hybrid intelligent system). (Also see  expert system,  neural network, clinical decision support system.)

References

External links

 resource page: http://www.cogsci.rpi.edu/~rsun/reason.html

Artificial intelligence
Information systems
XDrawChem. XDrawChem is a free software program for drawing chemical structural formulas, available for Unix and macOS. It is distributed under the GNU GPL. In Microsoft Windows this program is called WinDrawChem.

Major features 
 Fixed length and fixed angle drawing
 Automatic alignment of figures
 Detection of structures, text, and arrows, and their automatic placement
 Can automatically draw rings and other structures - has all standard amino acids and nucleic acids in a built-in library
 Retrieval of structures from a network database based on CAS number, formula, or name
 Retrieval of information on a molecule based on a drawing
 Symbols such as partial charge and radicals
 Reading MDL Molfiles, CML (Chemical Markup Language), ChemDraw binary format, ChemDraw XML text format
 Writing MDL Molfiles, CML, ChemDraw XML text format
 Integration with OpenBabel, allowing XDrawChem to read and write over 20 different chemical file formats.
 Image export in Portable Network Graphics (PNG), Windows bitmap, Encapsulated PostScript (EPS), and Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG)
 3D structure generation with the help of the external program BUILD3D
 Simple spectra predictions, including 13C-NMR, 1H-NMR (based on additive rules and functional group lookup methods), and IR
 Simple property estimation, including pKa, octanol-water partition coefficient, and gas-phase enthalpy change.

References

External links 
 XDrawChem at SourceForge

Free science software
Free software programmed in C++
Free software programmed in Fortran
Science software that uses Qt
Chemistry software for Linux
Magnetic flow meter. A magnetic flow meter (mag meter, electromagnetic flow meter) is a transducer that measures fluid flow by the voltage induced across the liquid by its flow through a magnetic field. A magnetic field is applied to the metering tube, which results in a potential difference proportional to the flow velocity perpendicular to the flux lines. The physical principle at work is electromagnetic induction. The magnetic flow meter requires a conducting fluid, for example, water that contains ions, and an electrical insulating pipe surface, for example, a rubber-lined steel tube.

If the magnetic field direction were constant, electrochemical and other effects at the electrodes would make the potential difference 
difficult to distinguish from the fluid flow induced potential difference.  To show this in modern magnetic flowmeters, the magnetic field is constantly reversed, cancelling out the electrochemical potential difference, which does not change direction with the magnetic field. This however prevents the use of permanent magnets for magnetic flowmeters.

See also
 Electromagnetic pump 
 Flow measurement
 Magnetohydrodynamics
 Water metering

External links
3D animation of the Electromagnetic Flow Measuring Principle
eFunda: Introduction to Magnetic Flowmeters
Principles of Electromagnetic Flow Measurement
eLearning course on electromagnetic flow meters

Flow meters
Electromagnetic components
Pune Institute of Computer Technology. Pune Institute of Computer Technology, (or PICT)  is a private unaided engineering college located in Dhankawadi, Pune, India. It was established by the Society for Computer Technology and Research, SCTR in 1983. It offers degrees in Information Technology, Computer Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering,Electronics and Computer Engineering and Artificial Intelligence and Data Science.

Accreditation
PICT was accredited by India's two major accreditation agencies - National Assessment and Accreditation Council [NAAC] and National Board of Accreditation [NBA].

Rankings 
PICT was ranked 8th on the list of best Engineering College of India by the Edu-Rand Rankings in 2016.

Notable alumna 
Neha Narkhede, businesswoman

References

External links
 Official website
 Review of PICT by students
 Inspection of Affiliated Collegeshttp://sppudocs.unipune.ac.in/sites/circulars/Affiliation%20Circulars/regarding-overall-deficiencies-and-observation-11-12-15.pdf

Engineering colleges in Pune
Colleges affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University
Educational institutions established in 1983
1983 establishments in Maharashtra
Lumibrite. Lumibrite is based on LumiNova branded pigments, invented in 1993 by the Nemoto & Co., Ltd. staff members Yoshihiko Murayama, Nobuyoshi Takeuchi, Yasumitsu Aoki and Takashi Matsuzawa as a safe replacement for radium-based luminous paints. The invention was patented in 1994 by Nemoto & Co., Ltd. and licensed to other manufacturers and watch brands that use different (brand) names.

These strontium aluminate–based phosphorescent pigments, often called lume, operate like a rechargeable light battery. After sufficient activation by sunlight, fluorescent, LED, UV (blacklight), incandescent and other light sources, they glow in the dark for hours. Electrons within the pigment are being "excited" by ultraviolet light exposure—the excitation wavelengths for strontium aluminate range from 200 to 450 nm  electromagnetic radiation—to a higher energetic state and after the excitation source is removed, fall back to their normal energetic state by releasing the energy loss as visible light over a period of time. Although fading over time, appropriately thick applicated larger markings remain visible for dark adapted human eyes for the whole night. This Ultraviolet light exposure induced activation and subsequent light emission process can be repeated again and again.

This kind of luminescent pigment glows brighter for longer than the previous generation of luminescent pigment paints, and is environmentally friendly (non radioactive).

See also
Super-LumiNova — different branded strontium aluminate–based phosphorescent pigments

References

Brand name materials
Teijin. is a Japanese chemical, pharmaceutical and information technology company. Its main fields of operation are high-performance fibers such as aramid, carbon fibers & composites, healthcare, films, resin & plastic processing, polyester fibers, products converting and IT products.

The company is listed on the first section of the Tokyo Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the Nikkei 225 stock index.

As of March 2014, the Teijin Group comprises 151 companies, 56 in Japan and 95 overseas.

Teijin is a member of the Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group (MUFJ) keiretsu.

Business segments and products
 Advanced Fibers & Composites Business
 Aramid fibers
 High-performance polyethylene (e.g., Endumax branded UHMWPE)
 High-performance polyester fibers
 PEN fibers
 Artificial leather
 Carbon fiber reinforced composites
 Flame-resistant fibers
 Electric Materials & Performance Polymer Products Business
 Polycarbonate resin
 PEN resin
 PET film
 PEN film
 Processed film
 Healthcare Business
 Pharmaceuticals in the treatment of bone and joint disease, respiratory disease and cardiovascular and metabolic disease
 IT Business
 IT services in the healthcare field
 Total web-based enterprise resource planning (ERP)
 Digital content management services
 Content distribution services for mobile phones and smartphones (electronic books, music)
 E-commerce services
 Products Converting Business
 Sales and trading of fibrous raw material, apparel, industrial materials and performance polymer products
 Polyester/Recycled polyester fibers/textiles
 Closed-loop recycling of polyester products

Gallery

See also
 Polycarbonate
 Tenax – carbon fiber
 Teijin Aramid
 Technora
 Twaron
 Aramid
 Teijin S.C., former football (soccer) club based in Matsuyama, Ehime Prefecture

References

External links

 Teijin Limited 
 Teijin Group network  
 Teijin Group business 

Japanese companies established in 1918
Chemical companies of Japan
Pharmaceutical companies of Japan
Defense companies of Japan
Information technology companies of Japan
ERP software companies
Manufacturing companies based in Osaka
Companies listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange
Companies in the Nikkei 225
Conglomerate companies established in 1918
Multinational companies headquartered in Japan
Japanese brands
Midori-kai
Chemical companies established in 1918
Prudent avoidance principle. Prudent avoidance is a precautionary principle in risk management. It states that reasonable efforts to minimise potential risks should be taken when the actual magnitude of the risks is unknown.  The principle was proposed by Prof. Granger Morgan of Carnegie Mellon University in 1989 in the context of electromagnetic radiation safety (in particular, fields produced by power lines).

A report for the Office of Technology Assessment of the US Congress described prudent avoidance of power line fields as:

The principle has been adopted in a number of countries, for example Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Australia and New Zealand.  While not adopted by any regulatory body at the national level in the USA, the principle has been adopted in some form by a number of local regulatory bodies, for example the public utility commissions in California, Colorado, Connecticut and Hawaii.  The Colorado Public Commission states:

The prudent avoidance principle is seen as a better alternative than other proposed approaches to risk management, such as ALARP, because it makes reasonable efforts to reduce possible risk without creating a specific numeric standard that is not supported by strong scientific evidence.

References

 Nair I, Morgan MG, Florig HK. Biologic effects of power frequency electric and magnetic fields. Office of Technology Assessment Report OTA-BP-E-53. Washington, DC:U.S. Office of Technology Assessment, 1989.
 Jack Sahl and Michael Dolan (1996) An Evaluation of Precaution-based Approaches As EMF Policy Tools in Community Environments.  Environmental Health Perspectives Volume 104, Number 9, September 1996
 Colorado Public Commission (CPUC). Statement of adoption in the matter of the rules for electric utilities of the Colorado Public Utilities Commission. Code of Colorado Regulation-723-3 concerning electric and magnetic fields. Denver, CO:Colorado Public Commission, 1992.

Risk management
Computer Assisted Passenger Prescreening System II. The Computer Assisted Passenger Prescreening System II (CAPPS II) was a program of the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) instituted to increase security at airports by assessing the risk level of passengers before they're allowed to board. CAPPS II searched through information stored in government and commercial databases and assigned a color-coded level of risk to each passenger. Amid controversy from such organizations as the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), the Electronic Privacy Information Center (EPIC), and the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF), the program was terminated by President Bush in August 2004. The program was then replaced by a similar program called Secure Flight in early 2005 generating the same concerns over privacy and civil liberties. However, due to public concerns, Secure Flight did not become operational until 2010. CAPPS II grounded innocent Americans due to false positives. One notable example is the grounding of Senator Ted Kennedy in 2004.

See also
 Computer Assisted Passenger Prescreening System (CAPPS I)

References

External links
ACLU's page on CAPPS II
EPIC's Page on Passenger Prescreening Programs
EFF's Page on CAPPS II
Senator Kennedy's grounding by CNN.com

United States Department of Homeland Security
Legal issues related to the September 11 attacks
Counterterrorism in the United States
Mass surveillance
Privacy in the United States
Surveillance