omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
AOTF. AOTF may refer to:
 Acousto-optic tunable filter, a piezoelectric optical device
 American Occupational Therapy Foundation, a non-profit charitable, scientific and educational organization.
 Admiral of the Fleet, the highest rank in the British Royal Navy
AotF may refer to:
 The Age of the Fall (AF), a wrestling stable
 Army Of The Pharaohs (AP) - American hip-hop group

Acousto-optics#Acousto-optic_tunable_filter
Andrewsite. Andrewsite is a now discredited mineral originally reported at the Wheal Phoenix mine, near Liskeard in Cornwall. It was named for Thomas Andrews FRS, the English chemist.

It has been shown to be a mixture of hentschelite and rockbridgeite, with minor chalcosiderite.

References

Maskelyne, N. S. (1871) Chemical News and Journal of Industrial Science, London: 24: 99.
Maskelyne, N. S. (1875) 'On Andrewsite and Chalkosiderite' Journal of the Chemical Society, London: 28: 586-591
Frondel, C. (1949) 'The Dufrenite Problem', American Mineralogist: 34: 513–540.
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837–1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 802–803.
Dunn, Pete J. (1990), 'Andrewsite and laubmannite formally discredited', American Mineralogist 75, 1197-1199(1990)

Minerals
Engineering & Technologies Academy. The Engineering & Technologies Academy (ETA) is a public engineering based magnet high school located at Theodore Roosevelt High School, in San Antonio, Texas. The Engineering and Technologies Academy has various engineering and science related curriculum such as manufacturing, communication graphics, principles of engineering, drafting and computer-Aided design, GIS, and information technologies. Students also have the ability to partake in off-campus internships related to various fields of engineering.

ETA was founded in 2004 by former director William Sturgis and former UTSA professor Richard Howe. ETA enrolled 97 freshman for 2009–2010. The majority of students at ETA participate in competitions in organizations such as FIRST, the Technology Student Association, and the University Interscholastic League. Some of the program's students are employed as interns at businesses such as Southwest Research Institute, Rackspace, and Zachry Construction Corporation.

As of 2023, with the creation of the Space & Engineering Technologies Academy at Roosevelt High School, the Engineering & Technologies Academy is currently being phased out in favor of the new program and is no longer accepting new students, with the final ETA senior class graduating in 2026.

See also
Krueger Middle School
Design and Technology Academy
Theodore Roosevelt High School
STEM Academy at LEE

External links
Engineering and Technologies Academy Website
Northeast Independent School District

North East Independent School District high schools
High schools in San Antonio
Magnet schools in Texas
Ewing System. The Ewing System is a balancing monorail system developed in the late 19th century by British inventor W. J. Ewing. It is not to be confused with the much later system patented by  Robert W.  Ewing.

In the Ewing System the main wheels of the train run on a single steel rail. The system had been proposed in 1868 by William Thorold, a civil engineer from Norwich, Norfolk.

The major benefit of trains is that they run on steel tracks. Steel rail can carry more load with less rolling friction than any other mode of ground transport. However there are several disadvantages of laying conventional railway tracks consisting of two rails: Both rails have to rise and fall and bank together. Laying two rails requires a lot of space and maintenance. The turning radius of the train is restricted by the difference in length or distance traveled between the inside and outside rails due to curve resistance. Curve resistance means that the wheels on the inside rail travel a shorter distance than the wheels on the outside rail to get the vehicle around a curve. The trains can only turn to the limit where its outer wheels can cope with the additional required speed. If the outer wheels fail to maintain or reach the required speed, the train may derail.

W.J. Ewing implemented a monorail system, with only one rail and double flanged rail wheels, that had been proposed by William Thorold in a lecture to the British Association in 1868. This system avoided all those problems, since it was laid out along the side of a road, it took up very little land. Further, the road or balance wheel's main purpose was to balance the train and to keep it upright. The balancing wheel on the road carried only 4% or 5% of the load, it did not subtract much from the steel wheel-steel rail efficiency. As the track was on side of the road, it was no obstacle to vehicles crossing it. Further, since it was a monorail with a supporting wheel on the ground, the issue of curve resistance did not arise in Ewing System, since the wheels were placed on a single track only.

The Ewing system was used in Patiala State Monorail Trainways. The Patiala monorail is preserved in National Rail Museum at New Delhi. It is still in running condition. It was also used on Kundala Valley Railway from 1902 to 1908.

References 

Monorails
Fredrick George Smith. Fredrick George Smith was a British mechanical engineer. He was born in Newcastle upon Tyne in 1872 and died in 1956. He was appointed manager of the Highland Railway's Lochgorm Works in 1903, and promoted to Assistant to the Chief Mechanical Engineer, Peter Drummond in 1903.

After Drummond's departure for the Glasgow and South Western Railway in 1911, Smith was appointed to replace him, albeit under the old title of Locomotive, Carriage and Wagon Superintendent. His only design for the Highland Railway was the River Class, which was rejected by the Chief Engineer, causing his resignation. He went on to take a post in the Ministry of Munitions and in 1918 entered the steel industry.

References

 

 
 

Locomotive builders and designers
Highland Railway
1872 births
1956 deaths
People from Newcastle upon Tyne
Imabikisō. is a visual novel developed by Chunsoft for the PlayStation 3. It is the first visual novel to be released on a seventh generation console. It was later released for the Nintendo Wii under the title Imabikisō: Kaimei-hen with additional content. The game imagery consists mostly of static or animated photographs, though live-action clips are scattered throughout.

Plot

A new and mysterious drug known as "Vision" has been hitting the streets of Japan, being a hit to the young people, especially to those studying in university. The drug, if and when taken, allows the users to see visions from a user's perspective while being high, created from a mysterious flower called Imabikisō. Players play a university student named Hiroki Makimura, who gets together with fellow student Manami Hayase and a few other students when they heard news reports of students being mysteriously killed with horrific burns on their bodies.

The two later investigate a mansion that's believed to be linked to the drug's creation and to Imabikisō after some of their classmates in university begin to die after taking Vision.

PSN contents
A playable demo featuring three stories and the official trailer was released on the Japanese PlayStation Store on October 15, 2007.

Additional contents were also made available on the PlayStation Store, these were two extra free of charge chapters.

Remote Play

Both the demo and the actual game are playable on the PlayStation Portable handheld console through Remote Play.

References

External links
 Official page

2007 video games
Chunsoft games
2000s horror video games
Japan-exclusive video games
PlayStation 3 games
Sega video games
Visual novels
Wii games
Video games developed in Japan
John Lilly (computer scientist). John Lilly is a venture capitalist and former CEO of Mozilla. He currently serves on the board of directors of the Open Source Applications Foundation and Code for America. He earned his B.S. in computer systems engineering and M.S. in computer science from Stanford University.

Career

Reactivity 

Lilly co-founded and served the CTO for Reactivity, a start-up focused on consulting on technically difficult websites and incubating new companies. Cisco Systems bought Reactivity in 2007 for $135 million.

Mozilla 

Lilly was the chief executive officer of the Mozilla Corporation from 2008 to 2010. The corporation, a subsidiary of the Mozilla Foundation, coordinates development of open-source Mozilla Internet applications, including the Firefox web browser. Lilly, previously Mozilla's chief operating officer, succeeded Mitchell Baker as CEO in January 2008.

In May 2010, Lilly announced he would step down as CEO. Lilly was succeeded by Gary Kovacs on November 8, 2010. Lilly left Mozilla's board of directors in March 2014, reportedly over the appointment of Brendan Eich as CEO.

Venture capital 

Lilly joined the venture capital firm Greylock Partners as a partner in 2011. His investments include Instagram, Dropbox, Tumblr, Quip, and MessageMe. Lilly left the firm in January 2019 to dedicate himself more to activism, explaining "it’s crystal clear that 2019 & 2020 are crucially important years — certainly the most important time in a generation, but maybe much longer than that."

References

Further reading

External links 

 John Lilly's Weblog 

Mozilla people
Douglas MacArthur High School (San Antonio) alumni
Stanford University School of Engineering alumni
Living people
American chief executives of financial services companies
American technology chief executives
American chief operating officers
Open source advocates
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American businesspeople
Farman F.50. The Farman F.50 was a French twin-engined night bomber designed and built by Farman as a replacement for the single-engined Voisin pusher biplanes in service with the French Air Force.

Development
The twin-engined F.50 flew for the first time in early 1918, powered by two  Lorraine 8Bb engines, as an unequal-span biplane with a slab-sided fuselage and a single fin and rudder. It had a fixed tailskid landing gear with twin wheels on the main gear, an open cockpit for the pilot and gunner/observer, and a gunner position in the nose.  It was equipped with a 7.7 mm machine gun forward and aft.

The two engines,  Lorraine 8Bd V-8s on production aircraft, were mounted between the wings using vee bracing struts. With the Armistice, production was less than 100 aircraft, but the company designed a passenger conversion for civil use, designated F.50P, with the fuselage behind the cockpit raised and enclosed to create a glazed cabin for up to five passengers. One example was used by Compagnie des Grands Express Aeriens from July 1920 from Paris to London and Amsterdam.

Operational history
With the military designation Bn.2 (2-seat night bomber) the aircraft were delivered to squadrons within 1e Groupe de Bombardement. Three escadrilles (S25, F114 and F119) had been equipped by the time of the Armistice in November 1918, with 45 F.50s in service. With the end of the war the aircraft did not have time to influence the campaign and the aircraft continued to serve until at least 1922.

Two aircraft were sold to the United States after the war.

Variants
F.50
Twin-engine night bomber.
F.50P
Five-passenger conversion.

Operators

Air Union (F.50P)
Compagnie des Grands Express Aériens -(F.50P)
French Air Force

Imperial Japanese Army Air Service - One F.50.

Mexican Air Force - Thirteen F.50 bought in September 1920.

Specifications (F.50)

References

Bibliography
 The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982–1985), 1985, Orbis Publishing, Page 1736/7

1910s French bomber aircraft
1910s French airliners
F.0050
Aircraft first flown in 1918
J. J. Leeming. John Joseph Leeming (1899 – 1981) was a British civil engineer and traffic engineer. He forwarded controversial ideas for the causes of, and remedies for, road traffic accidents (RTAs), including the notion that drivers should not always be assumed to be at fault.

Biography

Leeming was born in 1899 and served in the First World War. From 1924 he worked in various road engineering capacities for Oxfordshire County Council, latterly as deputy county surveyor until he left for Dorset in 1946. Leeming supervised the rebuilding of some historic bridges in Oxfordshire and what was then Berkshire, including Abingdon Bridge in 1927, Cropredy Bridge in 1937 and Shilton Bridge in 1938. He wrote or co-wrote articles about these bridges that were published in the Oxford Architectural and Historical Society's journal Oxoniensia.

In 1946 Leeming moved to work for Dorset County Council as county surveyor, where he stayed until his retirement in 1964. In this period he pioneered road accident investigation. In 1969 his book Road Accidents: prevent or punish? was published. A 2007 review of a reprint of the book described it as controversial, and as being written by an "enlightened highways expert".

The National Motor Museum at Beaulieu, Hampshire holds an archive of Leeming's papers covering the period 1959–72.

Road traffic accident causes
In Road Accidents: prevent or punish? Leeming set out his ideas and views of the causes of road traffic casualties (RTCs), and of how best they can be tackled. The book is described as attacking the beginnings of the blame culture, with Leeming convinced that RTCs could be reduced by using road engineering methods based on evidence derived from the scientific analysis of the causes of RTAs, and that drivers were not the main cause of many road safety problems.

Other observations

Induced demand
Leeming described the phenomenon of induced demand, with respect to road traffic volumes:

Risk compensation
The risk compensation principle, upon which Hans Monderman's counter-intuitive shared space concept is founded, was described by Leeming:

See also
John Adams (geographer)

References

Works

1899 births
1981 deaths
Transport engineers
Farman F.51. 

The Farman F.51 was a 1920s French maritime reconnaissance flying boat designed and built by Farman. The F.51 was an unequal-span four-bay biplane flying boat with a crew of four. It was powered by two Lorraine 8bd engines mounted in tractor configuration. A pusher engined version was designated the Farman F.50 (even though the designation had been used before in 1919).
Tested by the French Navy but it failed to win any orders, Farman did briefly consider a civil version but the project was abandoned.

Variants
F.50
Two Lorraine 8bd V-8 piston engines in pusher-configuration.
F.51
Two Lorraine 8bd V-8 piston engines in tractor-configuration.

Operators

Brazilian Naval Aviation

Specifications (F.51)

See also

References
 The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982–1985), 1985, Orbis Publishing, Page 1737

1920s French military reconnaissance aircraft
Flying boats
F.0051
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1922
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Werdohl-Elverlingsen Power Station. Werdohl-Elverlingsen Power Station is a coal and gas fired power station in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia near Werdohl, Germany on the Lenne river; its water used for cooling.

Since 1912, this power station consumes natural gas and coal to produce it' electricity.  Its current owner and operator is Mark-E.

Coal-fired power stations in Germany
Buildings and structures in Märkischer Kreis
Energy infrastructure completed in 1912
1912 establishments in Germany
E. Allen Emerson. Ernest Allen Emerson II (June 2, 1954 – October 15, 2024) was an American computer scientist and winner of the 2007 Turing Award. He was Professor and Regents Chair at the University of Texas at Austin.

Emerson is recognized together with Edmund M. Clarke and Joseph Sifakis for the invention and
development of model checking, a technique used in formal verification of software and hardware.
His contributions to temporal logic and modal logic include the introduction of computation tree logic (CTL) and its extension CTL*, which are used in the verification of concurrent systems.
He is also recognized along with others for developing symbolic model checking to address combinatorial explosion that arises in many model checking algorithms.

Early life and education
Emerson was born in Dallas, Texas, on June 2, 1954. His early experiences with computing included exposure to BASIC, Fortran, and ALGOL 60 on the Dartmouth Time-Sharing System and Burroughs large systems computers.
He went on to receive a Bachelor of Science degree in mathematics from the University of Texas at Austin in 1976 and a Doctor of Philosophy degree in applied mathematics at Harvard University in 1981.

Career
In the early 1980s, Emerson and his PhD advisor, Edmund M. Clarke, developed techniques for verifying a finite-state system against a formal specification. They coined the term model checking for the concept, which was independently studied by Joseph Sifakis in Europe. This sense of the word model matches the usage from model theory in mathematical logic: the system is called a model of the specification.

Emerson's work on model checking included early and influential temporal logics for describing specifications, and techniques for reducing state space explosion.

Awards
In 2007, Emerson, Clarke, and Sifakis won the Turing award. The citation reads:

In addition to the Turing award, Emerson received the 1998 ACM Paris Kanellakis Award,
together with Randal Bryant, Clarke, and Kenneth L. McMillan for the development of symbolic model checking. The citation reads:

Death
Emerson died at his home in Austin on October 15, 2024, at the age of 70.

See also
 List of pioneers in computer science

References

External links
 E. Allen Emerson homepage at the University of Texas at Austin
 

1954 births
2024 deaths
University of Texas at Austin College of Natural Sciences alumni
Harvard University alumni
University of Texas at Austin faculty
American computer scientists
Turing Award laureates
Formal methods people
Data binding. In computer programming, data-binding is a general technique that binds data sources from the provider and consumer together and synchronizes them. This is usually done with two data/information sources with different languages, as in XML data binding and UI data binding. In UI data binding, data and information objects of the same language, but different logic function are bound together (e.g., Java UI elements to Java objects).

In a data binding process, each data change is reflected automatically by the elements that are bound to the data. The term data binding is also used in cases where an outer representation of data in an element changes, and the underlying data is automatically updated to reflect this change. As an example, a change in a TextBox element could modify the underlying data value.

Data binding frameworks and tools 
List of examples of data binding frameworks and tools for different programming languages:

C# .NET 
 Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF)
 Blazor
 Windows Forms
 MAUI

Delphi 
 DSharp third-party data binding tool
 OpenWire Visual Live Binding—third-party visual data binding tool
 LiveBindings

Java 
 Google Web Toolkit
 JavaFX
 Eclipse

JavaScript

Objective-C 
 AKABeacon iOS Data Binding framework

Swift 
 SwiftUI

Scala 
 Binding.scala

See also
 XML data binding
 UI data binding

References

Further reading

Data management
Barber–Layden–Power effect. The Barber–Layden–Power effect (BLP effect or colloquially Bleep) is a blast wave phenomenon observed in the immediate aftermath of the successful functioning of air-delivered high-drag ordnance at the target.  In common with a typical blast wave, the flow field can be approximated as a lead shock wave, followed by a 'self-similar' subsonic flow field.  The phenomenon appears to adhere to the basic principles of the Sedov solution.

History
The phenomenon is so named after the lead researchers from a joint team drawn from NASA Ames Research Center, the Field Artillery Training Center at Fort Sill, Oklahoma and instructors from the USAF Air Weapons School at Nellis AFB in response to a formal request for assistance from United States Central Command, MacDill AFB, Tampa, Florida, framed following events during Operation Anaconda.  Instructors from the Royal School of Artillery's Gunnery Training Team also assisted.

Application
The effect is caused by extremely localised fluctuations in surface pressure and humidity, which cause the initial shock wave to distort momentarily and refocus on itself, leading to a double shock wave, each of markedly reduced effect.  This has distinct utility in the employment of air delivered ordnance close to key urban structures as part of an ongoing influence campaign.
The energy of the blast is so great that the pressure and temperature of the gas outside the shock front is negligible compared to the pressure and temperature inside. This substantially reduces the number of parameters available in the problem, leaving only the energy E of the blast, the resting density  of the external gas, and the time t since the explosion. With only these three dimensional parameters, it is possible to form other quantities with unique functional dependences. In particular, the only length scale in the problem is

The constant of proportionality will depend on the equation of state of the gas.  R can be effectively treated as a constant due to the nature of blasting weapons versus heat/blast ordnance.

Future developments
Work is ongoing into capturing the exact environmental conditions in which the effect can be reliably repeated.  This work is part of the 'Grays Study' and will report in late 2008.

References

Fluid dynamics
Chaotic bubble. Chaotic bubbles within physics and mathematics, occur in cases when there are any dynamic processes that generate bubbles that are nonlinear. Many exhibit mathematically chaotic patterns consistent with chaos theory. In most systems, they arise out of a forcing pressure that encounters some kind of resistance or shear factor, but the details vary depending on the particular context.

The most widely known example is bubbles in various forms of liquid. Although there may have been an earlier use of the term, it was used in 1987 specifically in connection with a model of the motion of a single bubble in a fluid subject to periodically driven pressure oscillations (Smereka, Birnir, and Banerjee, 1987). For an overview of models of single-bubble dynamics see Feng and Leal (1997).  There is extensive literature on nonlinear analysis of the dynamics of bubbles in liquids, with important contributions from Werner Lauterborn (1976).  Lauterborn and Cramer (1981) also applied chaos theory to acoustics, in which bubble dynamics play a crucial part.  This includes analysis of chaotic dynamics in an acoustic cavitation bubble field in a liquid (Lauterborn, Holzfuss, and Bilio, 1994).  The study of the role of shear stresses in non-Newtonian fluids has been done by Li, Mouline, Choplin, and Midoux (1997).

A somewhat related field, the study of controlling such chaotic bubble dynamics (control of chaos), converts them to periodic oscillations, and has an important application to gas–solids in fluidized bed reactors, also applicable to the ammoxidation of propylene to acrylonitrile (Kaart, Schouten, and van den Bleek, 1999). Sarnobat et al.) study the behavior of electrostatic fields on chaotic bubbling in attempt to control the chaos into a lower order periodicity.

References

Further reading

Chaos theory