omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Duigan pusher biplane. The  Duigan pusher biplane  (often simply called the Duigan biplane) was an early aircraft which made the first powered flight by an Australian-designed and built machine when it flew in Victoria in 1910. The aircraft was constructed by John Duigan with help from his brother, Reginald, on their family farm at Mia Mia. The effort was especially significant in that the brothers built the aircraft almost entirely by themselves and without input from the pioneering aviation community; a photo-postcard of the Wright Flyer inspired the design and Sir Hiram Maxim's book Artificial and Natural Flight provided the theoretical basis.

The aircraft was an open-framework biplane with a three-bay, equal-span, unstaggered wing cellule, organised in a pusher configuration. Horizontal stabilisers were carried to both the front and rear, with a single rudder above the rear surface. A fixed tricycle undercarriage was fitted, and the pilot sat on the leading edge of the lower wing. Lateral control was by ailerons on both upper and lower wings, and an elevator was attached to the rear stabiliser. The only components not built by the Duigans themselves were the engine (made by the J. E. Tilley Engineering Company of Melbourne) and the propeller. However, both of these components were extensively modified by John before they could be used.

The aircraft flew for the first time on 16 July 1910, taking off under its own power and flying . Within two months, this had been extended to , and soon thereafter to 180 metres at an altitude of . By the end of the year, Duigan had made a flight of  at an altitude of .

Duigan informed the Department of Defence of his achievements, hoping to claim a £5,000 prize that had been offered in September 1909 for the construction of an aircraft suitable for military purposes. Duigan was ineligible for the prize, which had expired at the end of March 1910, but was asked to demonstrate his aircraft for the military anyway. He also flew it in a public demonstration in front of a crowd of 1,000 spectators at Bendigo Racecourse in January 1911. In 1920, Duigan donated the aircraft to the Industrial and Technological Museum of Victoria, which was later absorbed into Museum Victoria.

Museum Victoria also preserves a flying replica of the Duigan biplane, built by Ronald Lewis and flown in 1990. It was donated to the museum in 2000.

Specifications

References

 
 
 
 
 Duigan biplane at Museum Victoria
 Air Power Development Centre history
  Duigan Centenary of Flight – 2010

1910s Australian experimental aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1910
Biplanes
DXS. DXS may refer to:

Department of External Services, a fictional U.S. intelligence agency on the TV show MacGyver
Dexus, Australian stock exchange ticker symbol
DXS, a web service component formerly known as Get Hot New Stuff in KDE Software Compilation 4 
Deep Extragalactic Survey, one of five components of the UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey
Diffuse X-ray Spectrometer, instrumentation on the NASA Space Shuttle mission STS-54
Idle (CPU). Idle is a state that a computer processor is in when it is not being used by any program.

Every program or task that runs on a computer system occupies a certain amount of processing time on the CPU. If the CPU has completed all tasks it is idle.

Modern processors use idle time to save power. Common methods are reducing the clock speed along with the CPU voltage and sending parts of the processor into a sleep state. On processors that have a halt instruction that stops the CPU until an interrupt occurs, such as x86's HLT instruction, it may save significant amounts of power and heat if the idle task consists of a loop which repeatedly executes that instruction.

Many operating systems, for example Windows, Linux, and macOS will run an idle task, which is a special task loaded by the OS scheduler on a CPU when there is nothing for the CPU to do. The idle task can be hard-coded into the scheduler, or it can be implemented as a separate task with the lowest possible priority.  An advantage of the latter approach is that programs monitoring the system status can see the idle task along with all other tasks; an example is Windows NT's System Idle Process.

Some programs are designed to appear to make use of CPU idle time, meaning that they run at a low priority (but slightly higher than idle priority) so as not to impact programs that run at normal priority. This allows non-crucial background programs to only run when it would not affect the performance of other applications.

References

Scheduling (computing)
Cush drive. A cush drive is a feature in a motorcycle or scooter drive-train that is designed to reduce stress on drivetrain components during gear or throttle changes. A common design used by almost all street motorcycles has three major pieces: the wheel, the sprocket assembly, and a rubber damper system between the wheel and sprocket. The rubber damper system typically consists of rubber blocks that damp the transfer of force between metal components and effectively reduces wear and fatigue of the metal components. Another popular system incorporates metallic compression type coil springs placed between the input and output shafts of the cush drive assembly. 

The cush drive was invented by Royal Enfield in 1912 for use on their 425cc V-twin.

References

Motorcycle transmissions
OPNET. OPNET Technologies, Inc. was a software business that provided performance management for computer networks and applications.

The company was founded in 1986 and went public in 2000. In October 2012, OPNET was acquired by Riverbed Technology, for about $1 billion US dollars.

Corporate history
"OPNET" was Alain Cohen's (co-founder, CTO & President) graduate project for a networking course while he was at MIT. OPNET stood for Optimized Network Engineering Tools. Alain, along with brother Marc (co-founder, CEO & Chairman) and classmate Steven Baraniuk, decided to commercialize the software. The company's first product was OPNET Modeler, a software tool for computer network modeling and simulation.

Since becoming a public company in August 2000, OPNET executed the following acquisitions: 
March 2001: NetMaker Division of Make Systems
January 2002: WDM NetDesign B.V.B.A
October 2004: Altaworks Corporation
October 2007: substantially all of the assets of Network Physics, Inc.
August 2010: DSAuditor product line from Embarcadero Technologies 
May 2012: Clarus Systems, Inc.

As an independent company, OPNET grew profitably throughout its history.  SEC filings are available with further information about its IPO, annual reports, and quarterly reports.

OPNET Solutions (prior to acquisition by Riverbed)
 Application performance management, see AppTransaction Xpert in Comparison of packet analyzers
 Network performance management
 Network Simulator

Product status
As of 2022, Riverbed discontinued sales of 'Riverbed Modeler', which was the new name for the former OPNET modeling software.

Notes

External links
 OPNET's website

Companies formerly listed on the Nasdaq
Companies established in 1986
Networking software companies
Networking hardware companies
1986 establishments in Maryland
Defunct computer companies of the United States
Defunct computer hardware companies
Defunct software companies of the United States
Ontology double articulation. Ontology double articulation refers to the methodological principle in ontology engineering, that an ontology should be built as separate domain axiomatizations and application axiomatizations. According to this principle, an application axiomatization should be built in terms of (i.e. commits to) a domain axiomatization. While a domain axiomatization focuses on the characterization of the intended meaning (i.e. intended models) of a vocabulary at the domain level, application axiomatizations mainly focus on the usability of this vocabulary according to certain application/usability perspectives. An application axiomatization is intended to specify the legal models (a subset of the intended models) of the applications interest.  This enables reuse of domain knowledge, use of application knowledge, and interoperability of applications. See (Jarrar 2005, Jarrar 2006, Jarrar and Meersman 2007).

The CContology is an ebusiness ontology, that was built according to the ontology double articulation principle. DogmaModeler is a modeling tool that was also supports this principle.

See also
Ontology modularization

References 
Mustafa Jarrar: "Towards Methodological Principles for Ontology Engineering". PhD Thesis. Vrije Universiteit Brussel. (May 2005)
Mustafa Jarrar: "Towards the notion of gloss, and the adoption of linguistic resources in formal ontology engineering". In proceedings of the 15th International World Wide Web Conference (WWW2006). Edinburgh, Scotland. Pages 497-503. ACM Press. . May 2006.
Mustafa Jarrar and Robert Meersman: "Ontology Engineering -The DOGMA Approach". Book Chapter (Chapter 3). In Advances in Web Semantics I. Volume LNCS 4891, Springer. 2008.

Ontology (information science)
Ontology modularization. The notion of ontology modularization refers to a methodological principle in ontology engineering. The idea is that an ontology is built in a modular manner, i.e. developed as a set of small modules and later composed to form, and be used as, one modular ontology.

One of the major research meetings on ontology modularization is the International Workshop on Modular Ontologies series.

See also
 Ontology double articulation

References
 Modular Ontologies, Concepts, Theories and Techniques for Knowledge Modularization Stuckenschmidt, Heiner; Parent, Christine; Spaccapietra, Stefano (Eds.) In Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS) Vol. 5445. 2009. Springer.

External Links to Past and Future Workshops
 Seventh International Workshop on Modular Ontologies (WoMO-13)], A Coruna, Spain, July 2012, co-located with LPNMR 2013.
 Sixth International Workshop on Modular Ontologies (WoMO-12)], Graz, Austria, July 2012, co-located with FOIS 2012 (Proceeding).
 Fifth International Workshop on Modular Ontologies (WoMO-11), Ljubljana, Slovenia, August 2011 (co-located with ESSLLI 2011).
 Fourth International Workshop on Modular Ontologies (WOMO-10), held at Toronto, Canada, May 11, 2010 (co-located with FOIS 2010).
 International Workshop on Ontologies: Reasoning and Modularity (WORM-08). Tenerife, Spain, June 2, 2008, co-located with ESWC 2008 (Proceeding).
 Second International Workshop on Modular Ontologies (WOMO-07), October 28, 2007. Whistler, British Columbia, Canada, co-located with K-Cap 2007 (Proceeding).
 First International Workshop on Modular Ontologies (WOMO-06), November 5, 2006, Athens, Georgia, USA, co-located with ISWC 2006 (Proceeding).

Ontology (information science)
Modularity
Institute for Computing in the Humanities, Arts, and Social Science. The Institute for Computing in Humanities, Arts, and Social Science (I-CHASS) at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign was established in 2005 to conduct research at the intersection of high performance computing and humanities, arts, and social science. I-CHASS is hosted by the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) and maintains strategic partnerships with NCSA, the Great Lakes Consortium for Petascale Computation (GLCPC), and the Illinois Informatics Institute (I3).

Directors
The director of the institute is Vernon Burton, professor of history, African American studies, and sociology at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. He is also the associate director for humanities and social sciences and senior research scientist at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA).

The executive director is Kevin Franklin, senior research scientist at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA).

Projects
The institute sponsors a  number of digital projects.

References

External links
 I-CHASS website: http://chass.uiuc.edu
 NCSA website: http://ncsa.uiuc.edu

2005 establishments in Illinois
Digital Humanities Centers
Research institutes established in 2005
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign centers and institutes
Tom Swift and His Motor Cycle. Tom Swift and His Motor Cycle, or, Fun and Adventure on the Road, is Volume 1 in the original Tom Swift novel series published by Grosset & Dunlap.

Plot summary

Tom Swift, in his first adventure, has purchased a motorcycle and immediately gets busy modifying it. Eager to test his enhancements, Tom volunteers to transport his father's revolutionary turbine design plans across the country roads to Albany. Unaware of the evil corporate investors who want to steal the invention for themselves, Tom falls into their trap and finds himself facing the greatest peril of his young life. It is up to Tom not only to retrieve the blueprints and turbine prototype, but also to bring a gang of hired thugs to justice.

Inventions & innovation

 Tom purchased a very expensive motorcycle from his new friend, Mr. Damon.  The model year would have been 1909 or 1910. Tom tweaked the sprocket ratios, spark levers and overall performance of his machine by 15%, as well as increasing its range.
 Barton Swift, Tom's father, was working on a new turbine design, which would increase performance of motors. Turbines are used all over the world today in the same way. About the same time Barton Swift was working on this design, Nikola Tesla was working to patent his own model - the bladeless turbine, which may have been the basis for Barton's work.

See also

Curtiss V-8 motorcycle — 1907 record-setter designed and ridden by Glenn Curtiss

References

External links
 

1910 American novels
Tom Swift
American young adult novels
Grosset & Dunlap books
Stanford Entrepreneurship Corner. Stanford Technology Ventures Program (STVP) Entrepreneurship Corner (ECorner) (Formerly Educators Corner) is a free online archive of entrepreneurship resources for teaching and learning. The purpose of the project is to support and encourage faculty around the world who teach entrepreneurship to future scientists, engineers, managers, and others. The site has been developed by a team of educators, entrepreneurs, engineers and designers at the Stanford Technology Ventures Program (STVP).
The project has been financially supported by Stanford University and a number of sponsors. Other collaborators in its creation include the Stanford Center for Professional Development and Stanford Video.

Website content
The design of the archive is based on feedback from entrepreneurship educators regarding the challenges faced when teaching entrepreneurship. Resources include video clips, podcasts, syllabi, books, conferences, and listings of entrepreneurship programs.

Partners
The STVP Entrepreneurship Corner is partnering with London Business School, the Strascheg Center for Entrepreneurship in Munich, and the Centre for Scientific Enterprise Limited (CSEL) in developing shared resources and content.

About STVP
The Stanford Technology Ventures Program (STVP) is the entrepreneurship education and research center located within the School of Engineering at Stanford University. The center is hosted by the department of Management Science and Engineering. The purpose of the center is to accelerate high-technology entrepreneurship research and education for engineers and scientists worldwide. STVP supports academic research on high-technology entrepreneurship and teaches a wide range of courses to science and engineering students on campus. Outreach programs include annual conferences, campus-wide collaboration, and dissemination of teaching content through the Entrepreneurship Corner website.

Speakers 
Speakers include Guy Kawasaki (The Art of the Start Author), Mark Zuckerberg (Facebook founder) and Larry Page (Google Co-founder). There are also speakers from companies including Mozilla,  Hewlett Packard, Electronic Arts and Tesla Motors.

See also 
 List of educational video websites

References

External links
Stanford Entrepreneurship Corner Videos and Podcasts, Stanford Technology Ventures Program

Entrepreneurship organizations
Stanford University
Renault Zoom. The Renault Zoom was a concept car created by Matra and Renault and was first introduced at the 1992 Paris Motor Show.

The small 2-seat car had a length of  and a width of . The Zoom was powered by a 45 kW (61.2 hp) electric motor. It was unique in having fold up rear wheels resulting in a shorter length  when parked. Width remains constant at 1.52m, which means Zoom is  higher in retracted wheelbase configuration. 2 scissor doors mounted on inclined axes reduce lateral bodywork clearance to a minimum and make Zoom easy to use in the tightest of spots.

The Zoom was an urban and suburban concept car born of common research by Renault and Matra into modern electric cars. The Zoom was a relatively early venture into the world of city runabouts and utilised an electric power system in addition to a variable wheelbase. The engine is 90 percent recyclable. A communication centre mounted between the two seats houses a hands-free telephone and power-up control for Carminat navigation system.

The concept for a variable wheelbase city car was revisited by the MIT CityCar and applied in the development of the Hiriko folding two-seat urban electric car. It did not go into production due to it being a concept but also not attracting serious interest going into production.

References

Matra vehicles
Zoom
Electric concept cars
Front-wheel-drive vehicles
Cars introduced in 1992
Subcompact cars
Hatchbacks
Rolls-Royce RB282. The Rolls-Royce RB282 is a new series of twin-spool turbofan engines under development by Rolls-Royce.

The first variant of this engine was intended to power the future Dassault Falcon 5X super mid-sized business jet, the replacement for the Falcon 50 EX, entering service in 2012. The engine developed 10,000 pounds of thrust. In October 2013, Dassault chose to power the Falcon 5X with the Safran Silvercrest instead.

References

RB282
2000s turbofan engines
Home entertainment server. Home entertainment server systems differ from traditional media center systems in that they designed from inception for storage, management and sharing of entertainment content, much as a file server is mission designed to share traditional computer files.  These systems are optimized for entertainment file sharing allowing libraries to be accessed across multiple servers from multiple rooms. They also integrate a range of content acquisition facilities including shared networking, built-in optical drives and tuners. These systems are operated from a simple TV-based menu. Individual servers feature secure volume managed expandable storage including internal, and external drives and arrays of drives into the multi-terabyte range.

The Telly (home entertainment server) is an example of such a device.

Home servers
4,4'-Dichlorodiphenyl sulfone. 4,4′-Dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) is an organic compound with the formula (ClC6H4)2SO2.  Classified as a sulfone, this white solid is most commonly used as a precursor to polymers that are rigid and temperature-resistant such as PES or Udel.

Synthesis and reactions
DCDPS is synthesized via sulfonation of chlorobenzene with sulfuric acid, often in the presence of various additives to optimize the formation of the 4,4′-isomer:
ClC6H5  +  SO3   →   (ClC6H4)2SO2  +  H2O
It can also be produced by chlorination of diphenylsulfone.

With chloride substituents activated toward substitution, DCDPS is useful in the production of polysulfones:
n (ClC6H4)2SO2  +  n NaO−X−ONa   →   [(O−X−OC6H4)2SO2]n  +  2n NaCl

Further reading

 Radel PPSU, Veradel PESU and Acudel modified PPSU Design Guide by Solvay

References

Benzosulfones
4-Chlorophenyl compounds
F200. F200, F 200, F.200 or F-200 may refer to :

 Drilling Rigs F200
 ESP F-200, an ESP Guitars model
 Farman F.200, a 1929 French civil utility aircraft 
 Mercedes-Benz F200, a 1996 concept car unveiled at the Paris Motor Show
 Goliath F200, a 1933 three-wheeler freight truck
 Daihatsu Hi-Line F200, a 1964 model of truck
Integrated delivery system. An integrated delivery system (IDS), also known as integrated delivery network (IDN), is a health system with a goal of logical integration of the delivery (provision) of health care as opposed to a fragmented system or a disorganized lack of system. 

The term has sometimes been used in a broad sense with reference to managed care in general (as opposed to fee-for-service care), but in the United States it now more often refers to any specific network of health care organizations constituting a corporate group that attempts to integrate care to some degree (that is, to coordinate the patient journey across care transitions). Some IDSs have an HMO component, while others are a network of physicians only, or of physicians and hospitals.  Thus, the term is used broadly to define an organization that provides a continuum of health care services.

Background
The guiding business model and philosophical goal of the IDN is to serve as a self-contained healthcare ecosystem, with the ability to contain the entirety of the patient experience to coordinate care and manage population health. Examples of IDNs include Highmark Health, Kaiser Permanente, UPMC, Mayo Clinic, Cleveland Clinic, Geisinger Health System, Jefferson Health, and Intermountain Healthcare.

Five factors that can be used to assess the advancement level of a particular IDN include provider alignment, continuum of care, regional presence, clinical integration, and reimbursement.

Between 2013 and 2017, healthcare providers created 11 new integrated delivery systems from joint ventures with insurance companies.

Some insurance companies have invested in primary care, particularly UnitedHealthcare, which runs a provider subsidiary, OptumCare.

Reception
Alain Enthoven, the Marriner S. Eccles Professor of Public and Private Management, at the Stanford University Graduate School of Business, argues that IDSs align incentives and resources better than most healthcare delivery systems, leading to improved medical care quality while controlling costs.

Consolidation among IDNs in the United States has critics who say these networks may actually be trending the cost curve upward. An interview of health insurers regarding Partner's Healthcare proposed acquisition of the Care New England Health System, for example, exposed the trepidation insurers have regarding IDN leverage over payers.

Vendors
ICA (HIT)

See also
Independent practice association
Management services organization

References

Medical and health organizations based in the United States
Managed care