omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Task computing. Task computing is a computation meant to fill the gap between tasks (what the user wants to be done) and services (functionalities that are available to the user). Task computing seeks to redefine how users interact with and use computing environments. It is built on pervasive computing.

Task Computing Framework (TCF) and Task Computing Environment (TCE) 
A Task Computing Framework (TCF) is a framework that supports task computing, by providing support for:
 The workflows of task computing, i.e., at a minimum, discovery, followed by composition and execution
 Semantic description of tasks and services
 Specification, execution, and re-usability of tasks by end users
 Manipulation, including creation and disposal of services by end users

This definition of a task computing framework does not make reference to computational components. This is referred to as a Task Computing Environment (TCE). A TCE is a computational system that includes, at a minimum, the following components:
 One or more Task Computing Clients (TCCs),
 One or more Semantically Described Services (SDSs),
 One or more Semantic Service Discovery Mechanisms (SSDMs), and
 Optionally, one or more Service Controls (SCs)

Applications 
Using Task Execution EditoR (STEER), embodiments of multiple semantically described services and service controls, the following applications are possible:
 Exchanging Business Cards
 Showing and Sharing the Presentation
 Scheduling a Future Presentation
 Checking and Printing Directions to the Airport

Notes

References

Related work 
White Hole
PIPE (Pervasive Instance Provision Environment)

Software architecture
R. Bruce Hoadley. Robert Bruce Hoadley (1933 – October 15, 2019) was Professor Emeritus of Building and Construction Materials in the Department of Environmental Conservation at the University of Massachusetts Amherst.

His main research interests were wood identification and dimensional changes due to wood-moisture relationships.  He is known to the general public primarily as the author of popular books on the anatomy, properties and processing of wood, and for his work as a contributing editor and technical consultant for Fine Woodworking magazine. His expertise in wood identification has been utilized in analysis of antique furniture and art objects for Sotheby's and major museums.

His book Identifying Wood: Accurate results with simple tools is an accessible introduction to the topic, and his Understanding Wood is a comprehensive treatment of wood technology.  The first edition of this work sold over 130,000 copies.

Publications

References 

Forestry academics
American woodworkers
1933 births
2019 deaths
University of Massachusetts Amherst faculty
Wood sciences
Wood scientists
Hessian (Web service protocol). Hessian is a binary Web service protocol that makes Web services usable without requiring a large framework, and without learning a new set of protocols . Because it is a binary protocol, it is well-suited to sending binary data without any need to extend the protocol with attachments.

Hessian was developed by Caucho Technology, Inc. The company has released  Java, Python and  ActionScript for Adobe Flash implementations of Hessian under an open source license (the Apache license). Third-party implementations in several other languages (C++, C#, JavaScript, Perl, PHP, Ruby, Objective-C, D, and Erlang) are also available as open-source.

Adaptations
Although Hessian is primarily intended for Web services, it can be adapted for TCP traffic by using the HessianInput and HessianOutput classes in Caucho's Java implementation.

Implementations
 Cotton (Erlang)
 HessDroid (Android)
 Hessian (on Rubyforge) (Ruby)
 Hessian.js (JavaScript)
 Hessian4J (Java)
 HessianC# (C#)
 HessianCPP (C++)
 HessianD (D)
 HessianKit (Objective-C 2.0)
 HessianObjC  (Objective-C)
 HessianPHP (PHP)
 HessianPy (Python)
 HessianRuby (Ruby)
 Hessian-Translator (Perl)

See also

 Abstract Syntax Notation One
 SDXF
 Apache Thrift
 Etch (protocol)
 Protocol Buffers
 Internet Communications Engine

References

External links

Web services
Glen L. Urban. Glen L. Urban has been a member of the MIT Sloan School of Management faculty since 1966 and dean at the school from 1993 to 1998. Urban is a leading educator, prize-winning researcher specializing in marketing and new product development, entrepreneur, and author.  He is the Chairman of Sloan's MIT Center for Digital Business.

Education
Trained initially in engineering and business—earning a B.S. in mechanical engineering in 1963 and an M.B.A. in 1964, both from the University of Wisconsin—Urban went on to earn a Ph.D. in marketing from the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University in 1966.

Publications
Urban is author of Don't Just Relate - Advocate!: A Blueprint for Profit in the Era of Customer Power (2004), which launched the field of trust-based marketing. He has also published more than 30 articles on premarket forecasting of new products, test marketing, product line planning, leading-edge users in new product development, and consumer budgeting. His papers have won several prestigious awards, including two O'Dells—in 1983 and 1986—for the best papers published in marketing research in MIT Sloan Management Review.

Businesses
Urban founded Experion Systems in 1999 and its PlanPrescriber.com comparison tool, as for-profit business applications based on the principle of Trust-based marketing. Experion was purchased by eHealth in May 2010.

Recognition
In 1996 he received the American Marketing Association Paul D. Converse Award for outstanding contributions to the development of the science of marketing, and the Journal of Marketing award for best paper in that year. In 1999 he was winner of the American Marketing Association and The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania Charles Coolidge Parlin Award for recognition of a body of work in marketing research. In 2000 he presented the Wroe Alderson Lecture at the Wharton School.

He was elected to the 2010 class of Fellows of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences.

References

 Official Site
Biography of Glen L. Urban from the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences

University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Engineering alumni
Kellogg School of Management alumni
Living people
MIT Sloan School of Management faculty
1940 births
Fellows of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences
Wisconsin School of Business alumni
Gabriel Hawawini. Gabriel Hawawini (born August 29, 1947) is an Emeritus Professor of Finance at INSEAD business school where he held the Henry Grunfeld Chair in Investment Banking from 1996 to 2013 and served as dean from 2000 to 2006, during which time the institution expanded from its original campus in France into Asia (Singapore) and the Middle East (Abu Dhabi).

Education
Hawawini earned an electrical engineering degree from the University of Toulouse and his doctorate in Economics and Finance from the New York University.

Honors and awards 
The French Legion of Honor

Citations

External links 
 Bio on the INSEAD Website

French economists
Academic staff of INSEAD
1947 births
Living people
University of Toulouse alumni
New York University Graduate School of Arts and Science alumni
Rudolf Kingslake. Rudolf Kingslake (born Rudolf Klickmann; August 28, 1903 – February 28, 2003) was an English academic, lens designer, and engineer.

Early life and education 
Kingslake was born in London, England in 1903 as Rudolf Klickmann. The latter is in all probability a  re-transcription from Cyrillic of the traditional German-Jewish "Glückmann" meaning "lucky man". Kingslake studied optical design at the Imperial College of Science and Technology, under the eminent optical designer and theoretician Alexander Eugen Conrady, earning a master's degree, subsequently marrying Professor Conrady's daughter, Hilda Conrady Kingslake, a prominent English-American researcher in the field of optics.

Career 
In 1929, Kingslake was invited to the United States to teach at the University of Rochester, where he founded the Institute of Applied Optics, now known as The Institute of Optics. In 1937, Kingslake became the head of Optical Design department of Eastman Kodak while continuing his teaching at the university.

In 1958, Kingslake and wife Hilda edited an unfinished manuscript by Conrady and published a sequel to Conrady's book, Applied Optics and Optical Design.

Since 1974, SPIE has awarded the Rudolf Kingslake Medal to recognize the most noteworthy original paper published in the society's journal, Optical Engineering. 

Kingslake was active in The Optical Society, and served the Society's president in 1948-49. He received the Frederic Ives Medal in 1973 and was elected an Honorary Member of OSA in 1984. Both he and his wife were made Fellows of the Society; he was in the inaugural class of Fellows in 1959, and she was elected in 1966.

Rudolf Kingslake died on February 28, 2003, in Rochester, NY, at age 99, two weeks after the death of his wife, Hilda.

Books by Kingslake 
 Applied Optics and Optical Engineering
 Lenses in Photography: The Practical Guide to Optics for Photographers 
 Optics in Photography
 Lens Design Fundamentals
 A History of the Photographic Lens
 Applied Optics and Optical Design, Part II by A.E. Conrady, edited by Hilda and Rudolf Kingslake
 Optical System Design

References

External links
The Rudolf Kingslake Medal and Prize of the SPIE
1973 - Frederic Ives Medal by the OSA
A comprehensive history of the first 75 years of the Institute of Optics

1903 births
2003 deaths
Optical engineers
Alumni of Imperial College London
University of Rochester faculty
Kodak people
Engineers from London
English emigrants to the United States
20th-century English engineers
Brian LaMacchia. Brian A. LaMacchia is a computer security specialist.

LaMacchia is currently the Executive Director of the MPC Alliance. LaMacchia was previously  a Distinguished Engineer at Microsoft and headed the Security and Cryptography team within Microsoft Research (MSR). His team’s main project was the development of quantum-resistant public-key cryptographic algorithms and protocols. Brian was also a founding member of the Microsoft Cryptography Review Board and consulted on security and cryptography architectures, protocols and implementations across the company; previously he was the Director of Security and Cryptography in the Microsoft Extreme Computing Group.  He played a leading role in the design of XKMS, the security architecture for .NET and Palladium. He designed and led the development team for the .NET security architecture. He was a security architect on Palladium. LaMacchia was originally well known for his work at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology establishing the MIT PGP Key Server, the first key centric PKI implementation to see wide-scale use. LaMacchia wrote the first Web interface for a PGP Key Server. He is a submitter of the Frodo post-quantum proposal to the NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization project.

His leadership has also been recognized by his membership in  the  Computing Community Consortium (CCC) Council. 

He has played a leading role in the design of W3C XMLDsig and  XKMS standards.  In particular he is an author of versions 1.0, 1.1 and 2.0 XMLDsig.  He is a contributor to XKMS. He is coauthor on OASIS standard WS-SECURITY.

LaMacchia earned S.B., S.M., and Ph.D. degrees from MIT in 1990, 1991, and 1996, respectively.

As of 2024, LaMacchia is serving his third three-year term as Treasurer of the International Association for Cryptologic Research. He first joined the IACR Board of Directors in 2015 as General Chair of CRYPTO 2016. LaMacchia also serves as a member of the Board of Directors of Seattle Opera. He previously served for ten years as member of the board of directors of the Seattle International Film Festival, including the 2015-2016 term as president of SIFF.

References

External links
 Brian LaMacchia's home page
  Brian LaMacchia's Microsoft page
 Net Framework
  The >25 patents for inventions by LaMacchia

Computer security specialists
Cypherpunks
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Loren Kohnfelder. Loren Kohnfelder is a computer scientist working in public key cryptography.

Work
Kohnfelder invented what is today called public key infrastructure (PKI) in his May 1978 MIT S.B. (BSCSE) thesis, which described a practical means of using public key cryptography to secure network communications. The Kohnfelder thesis introduced the terms "certificate" and "certificate revocation list" as well as numerous other concepts now established as important parts of PKI. The X.509 certificate specification that provides the basis for SSL, S/MIME and most modern PKI implementations are based Kohnfelder's thesis.

He was also the co-creator, with Praerit Garg, of the STRIDE model of security threats, widely used in threat modeling.

In 2021 he published the book Designing Secure Software with No Starch Press.

References

External links 
 Kohnfelder, Loren M., Towards a Practical Public-Key Cryptosystem, May 1978.
  Kohnfelder's Medium blog

Kohnfelder, Loren
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Public key infrastructure
Space Station Biological Research Program. The Space Station Biological Research Program is the main project concerning life sciences research to be conducted on the International Space Station.  It is a program of NASA's Ames Research Center, with co-operation from other national space agencies.  The SSBRP's goal is to study the development, life cycle, and behavior of certain organisms in the environment of outer space.

For each studied organism, a specialized habitat device is to be constructed.  These include:
The Advanced Animal Habitat, for individually  or group-housed rats and mice
The Plant Research Unit, housing Arabidopsis thaliana and specialized wheat
The Aquatic Habitat, for various organisms including zebrafish
The Insect Habitat, studying fruit flies
The Avian Development Facility, for research involving the eggs of Japanese quail
The Cell Culture Unit, to investigate several microorganisms, as well as to grow tissue cultures from humans, animals, and plants.

Once flight-qualified, habitats (also referred to as "sub rack payloads") would be carried to the Space Station aboard a Space Shuttle (housed in the Orbiter Middeck), and transferred to a specially designed Habitat Holding Rack, which would provide them with the cooling air, power, and data connections required.  On-station, the habitats could also be housed in a centrifuge module that could simulate gravity with a magnitude between zero and two times that experienced on earth.  When station crew needed to add or remove specimens, or perform certain other work, a habitat would be transferred to the Life Sciences Glovebox, an enclosed volume with glove inserts in the walls to allow a crew member to perform manual tasks.  Data generated by the habitats would be transmitted to ground stations for analysis.

To date, none of the SSBRP's payloads have been flown to the International Space Station, in part due to an interruption in Space Shuttle flights after the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster.

References

External links
Space Station Biological Research Program at NASA

International Space Station
Build. Build may refer to: 

 Engineering something
 Construction
 Physical body stature, especially muscle size; usually of the human body
 Build (game engine), a 1995 first-person shooter engine
 "Build" (song), a 1987 song by The Housemartins
 BUILD (Better Utilizing Investments to Leverage Development), an American federal government program
 Microsoft Build, a developer conference
 Software build, a compiled version of software, or the process of producing it

See also 

 
 
 Built (disambiguation)
 Building (disambiguation)
 , German newspaper
Insect Habitat. The Insect Habitat was a science payload intended for the International Space Station as part of the Space Station Biological Research Program (SSBRP). The project was put on hold when Space Shuttle flights were interrupted after the destruction of Orbiter Columbia in February 2003.

The insect research element of the program was managed by the Canadian Space Agency, and the prime contractor for the Insect Habitat was Routes AstroEngineering, of Ottawa, Ontario.

Objective
The Insect Habitat would enable studies of the fruit fly to learn how microgravity affects  development, nervous system function, movement and behavior, growth, reproduction, aging, gene expression, mutagenesis from radiation and circadian rhythms or sleep/wake cycles. The habitat would have housed eighty-five separate colonies of fruit flies.  Each of these was divided into two compartments, separated by a rotating food cartridge.  Fruit flies, which have a short life cycle, tend to lay their eggs in their food supply, to provide their offspring with a source of nourishment after hatching.  After the eggs were laid, the food cartridge would be rotated, segregating the generations of flies so they could be studied separately.  Multigenerartional studies were possible in this way, if each generation was removed from the colony before its offspring's eggs were ready to be segregated.

See also
Scientific research on the ISS
Living Interplanetary Flight Experiment

References

External links
Biology Habitats on the ISS - NASA 

Science facilities on the International Space Station
Space science experiments
Space science
Security Administrator Tool for Analyzing Networks. Security Administrator Tool for Analyzing Networks (SATAN) was a free software vulnerability scanner for analyzing networked computers. SATAN captured the attention of a broad technical audience, appearing in PC Magazine and drawing threats from the United States Department of Justice. It featured a web interface, complete with forms to enter targets, tables to display results, and context-sensitive tutorials that appeared when a vulnerability had been found.

Naming
For those offended by the name SATAN, the software contained a special command called repent, which rearranged the letters in the program's acronym from "SATAN" to "SANTA".

Description
The tool was developed by Dan Farmer and Wietse Venema. Neil Gaiman drew the artwork for the SATAN documentation.

SATAN was designed to help systems administrators automate the process of testing their systems for known vulnerabilities that can be exploited via the network. This was particularly useful for networked systems with multiple hosts. Like most security tools, it was useful for good or malicious purposes – it was also useful to would-be intruders looking for systems with security holes.

SATAN was written mostly in Perl and utilized a web browser such as Netscape, Mosaic or Lynx to provide the user interface. This easy to use interface drove the scanning process and presents the results in summary format. As well as reporting the presence of vulnerabilities, SATAN also gathered large amounts of general network information, such as which hosts are connected to subnets, what types of machines they are and which services they offered.

Status
SATAN's popularity diminished after the 1990s. It was released in 1995 and development has ceased. In 2006, SecTools.Org conducted a security popularity poll and developed a list of 100 network security analysis tools in order of popularity based on the responses of 3,243 people. Results suggest that SATAN has been replaced by nmap, Nessus and to a lesser degree SARA (Security Auditor's Research Assistant), and SAINT.

References

External links 
 Official home page
 History of SATAN

Unix network-related software
Network analyzers
Internet Protocol based network software
Computer security software
1995 software
Range of motion. Range of motion (or ROM) is the linear or angular distance that a moving object may normally travel while properly attached to another. 

In biomechanics and strength training, ROM refers to the angular distance and direction a joint can move between the flexed position and the extended position. The act of attempting to increase this distance through therapeutic exercises (range of motion therapy—stretching from flexion to extension for physiological gain) is also sometimes called range of motion.

In mechanical engineering, it is (also called range of travel or ROT) used particularly when talking about mechanical devices, such as a sound volume control knob.

In biomechanics

Measuring range of motion
Each specific joint has a normal range of motion that is expressed in degrees. The reference values for the normal ROM in individuals differ slightly depending on age and sex. For example, as an individual ages, they typically lose a small amount of ROM.

Analog and traditional devices to measure range of motion in the joints of the body include the goniometer and inclinometer which use a stationary arm, protractor, fulcrum, and movement arm to measure angle from axis of the joint. As measurement results will vary by the degree of resistance, two levels of range of motion results are recorded in most cases. 

Recent technological advances in 3D motion capture technology allow for the measurement of joints concurrently, which can be used to measure a patient's active range of motion.

Limited range of motion
Limited range of motion refers to a joint that has a reduction in its ability to move. The reduced motion may be a problem with the specific joint or it may be caused by injury or diseases such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or other types of arthritis. Pain, swelling, and stiffness associated with arthritis can limit the range of motion of a particular joint and impair function and the ability to perform usual daily activities.

Limited range of motion can affect extension or flexion. If there is limited range of extension, it is called "flexion contracture" or "flexion deformity". If the flexion is deficient, it is called "limited range of flexion" or "limited flexion range".

Range of motion exercises
Physical and occupational therapy can help to improve joint function by focusing on range of motion exercises. The goal of these exercises is to gently increase range of motion while decreasing pain, swelling, and stiffness. There are three types of range of motion exercises:
 Passive range of motion (or PROM) – Therapist or equipment moves the joint through the range of motion with no effort from the patient.
 Active assisted range of motion (or AAROM) – Patient uses the muscles surrounding the joint to perform the exercise but requires some help from the therapist or equipment (such as a strap).
 Active range of motion (or AROM) – Patient performs the exercise to move the joint without any assistance to the muscles surrounding the joint.

See also
 Joint locking (symptom)
Hypermobility

References

 https://www.physio-pedia.com/Range_of_Motion

Mechanical engineering
Massage therapy