omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
KiHa 75. The  is a diesel multiple unit (DMU) train type operated by Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central) on Local, Rapid and Rapid Mie services in Japan since 1993. They were also formerly used for the Kasuga Express service until it was discontinued in March 2006.

Variants
A total of 40 cars were built, operating as 2-car sets, with the class divided into three sub-classes: KiHa 75-0/100, KiHa 75-200/300, and KiHa 75-400/500.
 KiHa 75-0/100: 6 x 2-car sets delivered June - July 1993
 KiHa 75-200/300: 8 x 2-car sets delivered February 1999
 KiHa 75-400/500: 6 x 2-car sets delivered February - March 1999, driver-only operation

KiHa 75-0 + KiHa 75-100
Twelve cars formed as six 2-car sets were delivered from Nippon Sharyo to Nagoya Depot in June and July 1993. These entered service from the start of the revised timetable on 1 August 1993 on Mie rapid services, replacing ageing KiHa 58 and 65 series DMUs.

Formation

Interior
The KiHa 75-0 cars have a universal access toilet, and were also initially equipped with a card-operated payphone, but this was subsequently removed. Seating consists of transverse flip-over seats arranged 2+2 abreast.

KiHa 75-200 + KiHa 75-300

Sixteen cars formed as eight 2-car sets were delivered from Nippon Sharyo to Nagoya Depot in February 1999. These featured a number of minor changes compared with the earlier KiHa 75-0/100 sets. Externally, an additional set of headlights was included above the end gangway connections.

Formation

Interior
The KiHa 75-200 cars have a universal access toilet, and were also initially equipped with a card-operated payphone, but this was subsequently removed. The seating was the same design as that used on 313 series EMUs, still arranged in a transverse 2+2 abreast configuration.

KiHa 75-400 + KiHa 75-500

Twelve more cars formed as six 2-car sets were delivered from Nippon Sharyo to Nagoya Depot in February and March 1999. These were broadly similar to the KiHa 75-200/300 sets delivered at the same time, but were equipped for wanman driver only operation.

Formation
The KiHa 75-400/500 sets are formed as follows.

Interior
The KiHa 75-400 cars have a universal access toilet. Unlike the earlier sets, these cars were not fitted with a card-operated payphone.

References

External links

 JR Central KiHa 75 information 

75
Central Japan Railway Company
Train-related introductions in 1993
Nippon Sharyo multiple units
ER1 electric trainset. ER1 electric trainset (Cyrillic: ЭР1) was manufactured by Rīgas Vagonbūves Rūpnīca between 1957 and 1962 for suburban commuting usage within the Soviet Union on lines  electrified on 3000 V, DC.

See also
 Stadler KISS - electric trainset, in Sweden called ER1
 The Museum of the Moscow Railway, at Paveletsky Rail Terminal, Moscow
 Rizhsky Rail Terminal, Home of the Moscow Railway Museum
 Varshavsky Rail Terminal, St.Petersburg, Home of the Central Museum of Railway Transport, Russian Federation
 History of rail transport in Russia

 Documentary of Soviet electric EMU trains of the ER-series (ER1 from 38:26-53:07)

Electric multiple units of Russia
Electric multiple units of Ukraine
3000 V DC multiple units
Train-related introductions in 1957
University School of Biotechnology. University School of Biotechnology (USBT) is a constituent institute of Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University. The school offers a full-time Bachelor of Technology, Master of Engineering, as well as PhD programs.

History

Founded in 1999, University School of Biotechnology (USBT) was established by Government of Delhi as one of twelve University Schools of Studies under the Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University. The school has recently transferred to Dwarka Campus of the university. The University School of Biotechnology is ranked third all over India after National Dairy Research Institute of Karnal and Department of Biochemical Engineering & Biotechnology, IIT Delhi.

Programs offered
USBT began with a five and half year integrated course of BTech/MTech with eleven semesters and PhD program. But from the academic session 2004-2005 onwards, the MTech program has been delinked from the BTech program and the two program are being offered under dual degree program – BTech/MTech dual degree course and separate MTech program in different fields of biotechnology. As with other major institutes of India, the merit-based All India Common Entrance Test of GGSIPU entranced exam is used for admissions to USBT. Students that have taken courses in physics, chemistry, mathematics, biology, or biotechnology during senior school are eligible for the entrance exam. An overwhelming demand for biotechnology professionals led to an increase in seats from 30 to 45 in the academic session of 2006-2007 and further in 2009-2010. In the academic session of 2021-2022, seats were further increased from 45 to 53. Now as of 2024 UG seats for BTech (Biotechnology) increases to 80 seats.

USBT offers following programs:-
B.Tech (Biotechnology) - 4 Years UG
M.Tech (Biotechnology) - 2 Years PG
M.Tech (Industrial biotechnology) - 2 Years PG
M.Tech (Food biotechnology) - 2 Years PG
PhD– Minimum 2 years

See also
Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University
Education in Delhi
Mahesh Verma

References

Biotechnology organizations
Constituent schools of Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University
Educational institutions established in 1999
Engineering colleges in Delhi
Organizations established in 1999
1999 establishments in Delhi
HVDC DolWin1. HVDC DolWin1 is a high voltage direct current link built to transmit offshore wind power to the power grid of the German mainland. The project differs from most HVDC systems in that one of the two converter stations is built on a platform in the sea. Voltage-Sourced Converters are used and the total cable length is 165 km.  The project was built by ABB and was handed over to its owner, TenneT, in July 2015, the fifth such project to be completed in Germany in 2015.

Context
DolWin1 is part of an ambitious programme of providing grid connections to offshore wind parks off the coast of Germany, in the German Bight, as part of the German Energiewende (Energy Transition) programme.  DolWin1 forms part of the DolWin cluster, named after the bay of Dollart on the German/Dutch border. DolWin1 has been built to transport power from the Trianel Borkum-West II wind park.

HVDC has been chosen for most of the grid connections because the relatively long distance involved – both from the wind park to shore and from the shore to the nearest suitable connection point to the onshore grid - makes conventional alternating current transmission uneconomic.

Technical aspects
DolWin1 uses Voltage Sourced Converters (VSC) to convert from AC to DC and back again, using IGBTs as the switching elements.  One converter is provided at each end of the link with a DC voltage of ±320 kV and a transmission capacity of 800 MW.  The converters, built by ABB, use a topology referred to as the Cascaded Two-Level Converter (a type of Modular Multi-Level Converter), in the symmetrical monopole configuration.  Each converter station is equipped with two, three-phase transformers in parallel, each rated at 590MVA.

The offshore converter is located on the DolWin Alpha offshore platform, which was built by Heerema in Zwijndrecht, Netherlands.  The topside measures 64 m x 42 m x 38 m and weighs 12000 tonnes.

Each of the two 320 kV cables linking DolWin Alpha to the onshore substation has a total length of 165 km, of which 75 km is sea cable and 90 km is underground land cable.  The cables were supplied by ABB and use extruded Cross-linked polyethylene insulation.

Construction schedule
The DolWin1 project was ordered in 2010 and the platform was installed in August 2013.    Trial operation with the Borkum West wind park commenced in December 2014 and the project was handed over in July 2015.

Connected wind farms 
 Trianel Windpark Borkum (403.2 MW)
 Borkum Riffgrund I (312 MW)

See also

High-voltage direct current
Offshore wind power
HVDC BorWin1
HVDC BorWin2
HVDC BorWin3
HVDC DolWin2
HVDC DolWin3
HVDC HelWin1
HVDC HelWin2
HVDC SylWin1

References

External links 
 Description of project on TenneT website (in German).
 Official Trianel Borkum-West 2 website
 Dolwin1, ABB website
  DolWin 1 HVDC system, CIGRÉ Compendium of all HVDC Projects.
DolWin Alpha HVDC platform, Heerema website
ABB delivering Dolwin Alpha topside

Electrical interconnectors in the North Sea
HVDC transmission lines
Electric power transmission systems in Germany
Energy infrastructure completed in 2014
2014 establishments in Germany
J & E Wood. J & E Wood was a company that manufactured stationary steam engines.  It was based in the Bolton in Greater Manchester, England.  The company produced large steam-driven engines for textile mills in Lancashire and elsewhere.

History
The firm started as Knight and Wood, having premises at the Victoria Foundry in Garside Street, Bolton. The name changed around 1860 to James and Edward Wood. J & E Wood engines were characterised by having a neat appearance, the valve gear was beneath the cylinders. From 1875 on, they only used Corliss valves.

The Mutual Mill Engine 
On 7 September 1893, one of J & E Woods 1892 engines in Mutual Mills, Rochdale was extensively tested by Mr J L F Crosland and the results published. The engines were triple expansion with four cylinders arranged in a horizontal double tandem formation. The high pressure (HP) cylinder had a bore of , the intermediate pressure (IP) cylinder had a bore of  and the two low pressure (LP) cylinders . The stroke was  and the engine operated at 53 rpm. The engines were fitted with Corliss valves operated by a simple proprietary trip motion. The piston rods for the HP and IP are  and . During the test, the two  by  Lancashire boilers with 3 ft 2 in diameter flues produced steam at 156 psi. There were Galloway tubes in the flues and behind the boilers was an economiser with 288 pipes. Water was delivered to the boilers at . The boilers were fed by mechanical stokers using coal known as Shaw slack with a calorific value of 12,963 Btu/lb. During two days of testing the engine developed power of 1089.7 and 1049.4. The power developed on the two sides of the engine was balanced being 542.2 IHP and 547.5 IHP. On the two days 1.37 lb/IHP hr and 1.38 lb/IHP hr. Taking into account that coal could be bought at 6s/ton- this means that 1d would buy 23.1 IHP hrs or 5544 IHP hrs per pound sterling. For a thermal efficiency point of view, of the 14935 Btu of heat supplied, 2545 Btus were converted into mechanical work. This is an efficiency of 0.172 while a perfect engine gives 0.279, Theoretical Carnot Cycle Efficiency, so the engine has a relative efficiency of 0.616. This is taken as the reference standard for an engine of this configuration.

Mills driven by J and E Wood engines 
Trencherfield Mill, Wigan- this engine is still in steam operating every Sunday as a visitor attraction.
Woodland Mills, Milnbridge, Huddersfield. 500 hp tandem compound due to be restored at Internal Fire Museum of Power in Wales.
Coppull Mill, Coppull
Mavis Mill, Coppull
Pilot Mill, Bury
Royd Mill, Oldham
Mutual Mills
Brooklands Mill, Pennington, Leigh
Bursledon Brickworks, Hampshire – this engine is in steam once a month March–November as a visitor attraction

See also
Hick, Hargreaves & Co. Ltd.

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links
 http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/J._and_E._Wood

Industrial Revolution
Steam engine manufacturers
Companies based in Bolton
Engineering companies of the United Kingdom
Brightray. Brightray is a nickel-chromium alloy that is noted for its resistance to erosion by gas flow at high temperatures. It was used for hard-facing the exhaust valve heads and seats of petrol engines, particularly aircraft engines from the 1930s onwards. It was developed by Henry Wiggin and Co at Birmingham.

As well as its use as a coating, it is also used in wire and strip form for electrical heating elements.

The original Brightray alloy was composed of 80% nickel / 20% chromium. This alloy is still in use today as Brightray S and can be used at temperatures up to 1050°C. Several other variants are now available. These include nickel-iron-chromium Brightray F that offers better resistance to both reducing and oxidizing environments. Brightray C is a nickel-chromium alloy with rare-earth additions to extend its lifetime under fluctuating temperatures, particularly with heating elements that are being continually switched on and off.

See also
 Nimonic

References 

Refractory metals
Nickel–chromium alloys
Nickel alloys
Chromium alloys
Aerospace materials
Guy Blelloch. Guy Edward Blelloch is a professor of computer science at Carnegie Mellon University. He is known for his work in parallel algorithms.

Education and career 

Blelloch went to Swarthmore College and graduated in 1983 with a BA in Physics and BS in Engineering. He then pursued a PhD in Computer Science at MIT and was advised by Charles E. Leiserson. He graduated in 1988 with a dissertation titled Vector Models for Data-Parallel Computing.

Blelloch joined Carnegie Mellon University in 1988 and has taught courses on parallel algorithms and data structures. From 2016 to 2020, he was also the associate dean of undergraduate studies.

Awards and recognitions 

Blelloch was inducted as an ACM Fellow in 2011.

He was the recipient of 2021 IEEE CS Charles Babbage Award in recognition of "contributions to parallel programming, parallel algorithms, and the interface between them".

He was the recipient of the 2023 ACM Paris Kanellakis Theory and Practice Award for "contributions to algorithm engineering, including the Ligra, GBBS, and Aspen frameworks which revolutionized large-scale graph processing on shared-memory machines".

References

External links
 Personal website
 

American computer scientists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
2011 fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Carnegie Mellon University faculty
1927 KLM Fokker F.VIII crash. The 1927 KLM Fokker F.VIII crash happened on 22 August 1927 when Fokker F.VIII H-NADU of KLM crashed at Underriver, Kent, following structural failure of the tailfin or rudder. The aircraft was operating an international scheduled flight from Croydon, Surrey, to Waalhaven Airport, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. One of the two crew was killed and eight people were injured.

Aircraft
The accident aircraft was Fokker F.VIII H-NADU, c/n 4993. The aircraft was manufactured in 1926 and had entered service with KLM on 24 June 1927.

Accident
On 22 August 1927, H-NADU departed Croydon at 8:07 am, bound for Rotterdam. it was carrying two crew, nine passengers,  of mail and  of freight. About 10 minutes after take-off, a tensioning wire at the tail broke, tearing off the rudder and tailfin. This made the aircraft very difficult to control, with a crash inevitable. The aircraft crashed into the crowns of some trees in the grounds of a large house named St Julian's at Underriver. The mechanic was killed when he was crushed by one of the engines. The pilot and seven passengers were injured. The tailfin and rudder were recovered at a distance of over  from the wreckage of the aircraft. Damage to the aircraft was assessed at ƒ68,985.07.

References

External links
Photo of the crashed aircraft
Photo of the crashed aircraft

Aviation accidents and incidents in 1927
Aviation accidents and incidents in Kent
Sevenoaks District
KLM accidents and incidents
Airliner accidents and incidents caused by in-flight structural failure
1927 disasters in the United Kingdom
Airliner accidents and incidents in the United Kingdom
August 1927
Fokker F.VII
Gérald Bastard. Gérald Bastard (born 3 April 1950 in Paris) is a highly cited  French physicist known for his work on semiconductor heterostructures. , he is a research director at the Department of Physics of the École Normale Supérieure in Paris.

Education
Bastard completed his Ph.D. in 1974 at Université Paris Diderot, titled Observation des effets de non-centrosymétrie et des niveaux accepteurs dans Hg Te par l'étude de la magnéto-absorption.

Awards
In 2000, Bastard and Emilio E. Mendez won the International Symposium on Compound Semiconductors
Quantum Device Award "for pioneering work on electric-field induced optic effects in quantum wells and superlattices (quantum-confined Stark effect and Wannier–Stark localization)".

Books

References

External links
 Gerald Bastard. Homepage at Department of Physics, École Normale Supérieure

1950 births
20th-century French physicists
Academic staff of the École Normale Supérieure
Living people
Pulsed discharge ionization detector. A pulsed discharge ionization detector (pulsed discharge detector) is a detector for gas chromatography that utilizes a stable, low powered, pulsed DC discharge in helium as an ionization source.

Eluants from the GC column, flowing counter to the flow of helium from the discharge zone, are ionized by photons from the helium discharge. Bias electrode(s) focus the resulting electrons toward the collector electrode, where they cause changes in the standing current which are quantified as the detector output.

Electron capture mode
In the electron capture mode, the PDD is a selective detector for monitoring high electron affinity compounds such as freons, chlorinated pesticides, and other halogen compounds. For this type of compound, the minimum detectable quantity (MDQ) is at the femtogram () or picogram () level. The PDD is similar in sensitivity and response characteristics to a conventional radioactive ECD, and can be operated at temperatures up to 400°C. For operation in this mode, He and CH4 are introduced just upstream from the column exit.

Helium photoionization mode
In the helium photoionization mode, the PDD is a universal, non-destructive, high sensitivity detector. The response to both inorganic and organic compounds is linear over a wide range. Response to fixed gases is positive (increase in standing current), with an MDQ in the low ppb range. The PDD in helium photoionization mode is an excellent replacement for flame ionization detectors in petrochemical or refinery environments, where the flame and use of hydrogen can be problematic. In addition, when the helium discharge gas is doped with a suitable noble gas, such as argon, krypton, or xenon (depending on the desired cutoff point), the PDD can function as a specific photoionization detector for selective determination of aliphatics, aromatics, amines, as well as other species.

References

Gas chromatography
Principles of motion economy. The principles of motion economy form a set of rules and suggestions to improve the manual work in manufacturing and reduce fatigue and unnecessary movements by the worker, which can lead to the reduction in the work related trauma.

Categories 
The principles of motion economy can be classified into four groups:
 Principles related to the use of human body,
 Principles related to the arrangement of the work place,
 Principles related to the design of tools and equipment.
 Principles related to time conservation.

Use of Human Body 
 The two hands should begin motions at the same time. 
 The two hands should not be idle at the same time except during rest periods. 
 Motions of the arms should be made in opposite and symmetrical directions and should be made simultaneously 
 Hand motions should be confined to the lowest classification with which it is possible to perform the work satisfactorily:
Finger motions
Wrist motions
Forearm motions
Upper arm motions
Shoulder motions 
 Momentum should be employed to assist the worker whenever possible, and it should be reduced to a minimum if it must be overcome by muscular effort. 
 Smooth continuous motions of the hands are preferable to zigzag motions or straight-line motions involving sudden and sharp changes in direction.
 Ballistic (i.e. free swinging) movements are faster, easier and more accurate than restricted or controlled movements.

Arrangement of the Work Place 
 There should be a definite and fixed place for all tools and materials. 
 Tools, materials, and controls should be located close in and directly in front of the operator. 
 Drop delivers should be used whenever possible. 
 Materials and tools should be located to permit the best sequence of motions. 
 Arrange the height of the workplace and chair for alternate sitting and standing, when possible. 
 Provide a chair of the type and height to permit good posture.

Design of Tools and Equipment 
 Combine tools whenever possible. 
 Preposition tools and materials. 
 Where each finger performs some specific movement, the load should be distributed in accordance with the inherent capacities of the fingers. 
 For light assembly, a screwdriver handle should be smaller at the bottom.
 Momentum should be used to help the worker in doing their task not to increase their task.g

Time Conservation 

 Even a temporary delay of work by a man or machine should not be encouraged.
 Machine should not run idle, it is not desirable that a lathe machine is running and its job is rotating but no cut is being taken.
 Two or more jobs should be worked upon at the same time or two or more operations should be carried out on a job simultaneously if possible.
 Number of motion involved in completing a job should be minimized.

References 

Occupational safety and health
Ergonomics
Dopant activation. Dopant activation is the process of obtaining the desired electronic contribution from impurity species in a semiconductor host. The term is often restricted to the application of thermal energy following the ion implantation of dopants. In the most common industrial example, rapid thermal processing is applied to silicon following the ion implantation of dopants such as phosphorus, arsenic and boron. Vacancies generated at elevated temperature (1200 °C) facilitate the movement of these species from interstitial to substitutional lattice sites while amorphization damage from the implantation process recrystallizes. A relatively rapid process, peak temperature is often maintained for less than one second to minimize unwanted chemical diffusion.

References 

Semiconductor properties