omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Flying Start Challenge. The Flying Start Challenge is a contest run by Aerospace businesses and organisations in the South West of England for local secondary schools which aims to help develop science and engineering skills in young people whilst promoting careers in engineering. The Challenge, which has been running for more than a decade, involves upwards of 500 students from 30+ schools annually.

The sponsoring companies are Safran Landing Systems, Airbus, Atkins, GE Aerospace, MBDA, Dowty Propellers and Leonardo.

The Challenge is open to pupils in Years 7 to 9 who are organised into teams of 4 with the aim of "designing and building a hand-launched glider to fly as far and as straight as possible". Each team is supported by graduates, apprentices and trainees from the sponsor companies, with lessons on flight dynamics, design, manufacture, and testing, in addition to some practical advice on their glider designs.

Teams selected to represent their schools have the opportunity to compete at a Regional Final where they are judged on the distance their gliders fly as well as a poster presentation where they explain the design decisions. Each of the 3 regions (Bristol, Gloucestershire, and Yeovil) host their own Regional Finals.

The winning teams from the Regional Final progress to the Grand Final where they take part in a series of engineering challenges organised by the companies involved and compete to be named the best team. Past Grand Finals have been held at the Fleet Air Arm Museum at Yeovilton, the University of Bristol, and the University of the West of England. The winning team receive free glider flights with the winning school awarded a voucher for £1000 of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) equipment. Second place receives £500, third place £250.

References

Aerospace industry in the United Kingdom
Engineering education in the United Kingdom
Educational projects
Secondary schools in England
Science and technology in Gloucestershire
Science and technology in Somerset
United Kingdom educational programs
Youth science
Computer Control Company. Computer Control Company, Inc. (1953–1966), informally known as 3C, was a pioneering minicomputer company known for its DDP-series (Digital Data Processor) computers, notably:
DDP-24 24-bit (1963)
DDP-224 24-bit (1965) 
DDP-116 16-bit (1965)
DDP-124 24-bit (1966) using monolithic ICs

It was founded in 1953 by Dr. Louis Fein, the physicist who had earlier designed the Raytheon RAYDAC computer.

The company moved to Framingham, Massachusetts, in 1959. Prior to the introduction of the DDP-series it developed a series of digital logical modules, initially based on vacuum tubes.

In 1966 it was sold to Honeywell, Inc. As the Computer Controls division of Honeywell, it introduced further DDP-series computers, and was a $100,000,000 business until 1970 when Honeywell purchased GE's computer division and discontinued development of the DDP line.

In a 1970 essay, Murray Bookchin used the DDP-124 as his example of computer progress:

One of the oddest of the DDP series was the DDP 19—of which only three were built on custom order for the U.S. Weather service. Its architecture was based on a 19-bit word structure consisting of six octal bytes plus a sign bit, which in arithmetic operations could create the unusual value of "negative zero". One of these machines was donated by the government to the Milwaukee Area Technical College in 1972, which included a drum-based line printer and dual Ampex magnetic tape drives. It was used for a limited number of students as an "extra credit project device" for the next 2–3 years, after which it was scrapped to make space for newer equipment. The fate of the other two units is unknown.

Notes

References

External links
Oral history interview with Louis Fein at Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.  Fein discusses establishing computer science as an academic discipline at Stanford Research Institute (SRI) as well as contacts with the University of California—Berkeley, the University of North Carolina, Purdue, International Federation for Information Processing and other institutions.
The 3C Legacy Project

1953 establishments in Massachusetts
1966 disestablishments in Massachusetts
1966 mergers and acquisitions
American companies established in 1953
American companies disestablished in 1966
Companies based in Framingham, Massachusetts
Computer companies established in 1953
Computer companies disestablished in 1966
Defunct computer companies based in Massachusetts
Defunct computer companies of the United States
Defunct computer hardware companies
Defunct computer systems companies
Electronics companies established in 1953
Minicomputers
Apisa Air Cargo. Apisa Air Cargo  was a cargo/freight airline based in Peru that began operations in 1985 and ceased flying in 1997.

Company history

Apisa Air Cargo began operating using Douglas DC-8-54F aircraft transporting meat to Lima from Barranquilla and Asunción.  In 1989 a Douglas DC-8-33F was acquired for the Lima-Iquitos-Lima route and the Lima-Puerto Maldonado-Lima route.  This DC-8-33F had a hard landing at Iquitos during bad weather and the aircraft suffered about 80% damage and had to be written off.

Due to the loss of the DC-8, Apisa acquired a Boeing 707-320C from Million Air of Florida and with that aircraft it got a provisional permit to operate a cargo route Lima-Miami-Lima transporting mostly cattle and textiles.  Also, flights from Lima to Toronto began on a charter basis using a Boeing 707-338C.  But due to pressure from other Peruvian airlines, the permit to operate those routes was cancelled.

Apisa tried to keep operations going by forming a partnership with KLM and Iberia to transfer cargo, but the end came in 1997 when the permits to operate were revoked by the Peruvian government.

Fleet details

1 – Douglas DC-8-33F
1 – Douglas DC-8-54F
1 – Boeing 707-320C
1 – Boeing 707-338C

External links
Data
Picture of the DC-8-33F at Iquitos

References

Defunct airlines of Peru
Airlines established in 1985
Airlines disestablished in 1997
1985 establishments in Peru
Servicio Aéreo Ejecutivo. Servicio Aéreo Ejecutivo  (SAE) was a small Air Taxi operator in Peru that later on expanded operations to include charter passenger and cargo flights.

Company history

SAE's began operations as a small Air Taxi/Charter operator using British Aerospace BAe 125 business jets.  In 1991 operations were expanded with the acquisition of a Boeing 707-320C for transporting passengers for El Al and LAP Paraguay.

With the B707-320C freight flights were begun twice a week between Lima and Iquitos carrying produce, meat, and wood.  This aircraft was also used for charter flights throughout South America, Central America and Mexico.  An interline agreement with Transbrasil allowed SAE to operate a route Manaus-Buenos Aires-Manaus.

In 1992 those operations were interrupted twice when the 707 was sent to Africa on a contract that lasts until 1995.  Operations were re-initiated from Lima but due to internal problems, the Peruvian government cancelled the operating permit for SAE and the airline ceased to exist.

Fleet

1 - British Aerospace BAe 125
1 - Boeing 707-320C

External links
Data

References

Defunct airlines of Peru
Airlines established in 1990
Airlines disestablished in 1995
Martin Marietta Model 845. The Martin Marietta Model 845 was a remotely piloted aircraft developed in the United States in the late 1960s and early 1970s for use as a communications relay in the Vietnam War.

Design and development
Two prototypes were built as part of the United States Air Force's Compass Dwell program, these machines also being based on a Schweizer SGS 1-34 sailplane and similar in configuration to the competing XQM-93 design by Ling-Temco-Vought. Test flights began in April 1972; during testing, one of the prototypes stayed aloft for almost 28 hours, however it failed to meet the Air Force's requirement of a  service ceiling. In 1973 The Model 845A was cancelled (along with the XQM-93), the program being replaced by Compass Cope.

Surviving airframes
After the cancellation of the program, two 845 airframes were transferred by the Office of Naval Research to New Mexico Tech for use by the Langmuir Laboratory for Atmospheric Research, where they currently remain.  Airframe 845A, which was converted into a piloted aircraft, was later used as a platform for atmospheric research. It continued flying as SPTVAR (Special Purpose Test Vehicle for Atmospheric Research) until the late 1990s.  Its missions included flights over the Langmuir Laboratory facility in south-central New Mexico, flying through thunderstorms and making measurements of the electric field inside clouds. The other airframe, still configured as the original drone design, is in storage at the same facility.

Specifications (variant)

See also

References

 This article contains material that originally came from the web article Unmanned Aerial Vehicles by Greg Goebel, which exists in the Public Domain.

External links

845
1970s United States special-purpose aircraft
Unmanned aerial vehicles of the United States
Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United States
Aircraft first flown in 1972
High-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Single-engined piston aircraft
Aircraft with fixed tricycle landing gear
S-TEC Sentry. The S-TEC Sentry is a reconnaissance unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (or drone), developed in the United States in the 1980s. Built by S-TEC systems of Texas (now part of DRS Unmanned Technologies), it is a battlefield mini-UAV in roughly the same class as the BAI Dragon drone. In fact, the Sentry looks something like an Exdrone with a twin-boom raised tail. It is built of carbon composition and Kevlar, and powered by a 19.5 kW (26 hp) piston engine in a tractor configuration.

S-TEC's main business is building autopilots for civil aviation, and small UAVs were a logical extension of that business. S-TEC introduced the Sentry in 1986, and has sold over 130 since that time. Launch is via a wheeled dolly or pneumatic catapult, and recovery via parasail or on skid landing gear.

In an interesting experiment, the company has experimented with carriage of the BLU-108 Sensor Fuzed Weapon (SFW) anti-armor submunition on the Sentry. After release in a target area, the cylindrical SFW pops out a small parachute to orient itself and then fires out four "skeet" projectiles in four directions. The skeets have an infrared sensor to detect when they are flying over the top of an armored vehicle, and then fire a penetrator slug straight down to punch through the top armor.

S-TEC has teamed with TRW Corporation in the US and IAI of Israel to sell UAVs on the international market.

Specifications

References
This article contains material that originally came from the web article Unmanned Aerial Vehicles by Greg Goebel, which exists in the Public Domain.

1980s United States military reconnaissance aircraft
Unmanned aerial vehicles of the United States
Sentry
Twin-boom aircraft
International School of Software, Wuhan University. The International School of Software at Wuhan University was established in March 2002. The school is administered independently and has put an emphasis on internationalized education.

The school has 46 full-time and part-time faculty members. Among them, two are academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering.

The school is involved in research and application development in software engineering, spatial information systems and digital engineering, multi-media digital technology, digital art design, visualization technology, information security, software reliability, quality assurance software systems, software development tools and environment, biological information engineering, financial information systems, software development, and IC design.

Education Plan
Undergraduate Majors: 
Software Engineering, Spatial Information & Digital Techniques.

Time Duration: 4 years 
Total Credits Required: 155

Graduate Majors: 
Software Engineering, Spatial Information & Digital Techniques, Digital Arts & Game Design, Communication Software & Protocol Engineering, Bioinformatics, Financial Information Engineering, Integrated Circuit Design & Applications.

Time Duration: 2 years – 3 years
Total Credits Required: 40

Curriculum
Software Engineering: 
Mathematical Modeling & Optimization, Database Principles & Applications, Object-oriented Program Design, Software Procedure Management, Software System Structure, Linux Analysis, Database & Data Studies, Software Development Model.

Digital Arts & Game Design: 
Planar Design, Movie Photography, Business Illustration, Cartoon Design, Game Frame Design, Mobile Game Development.

Spatial information and digital design: 
Web-based spatial information technology, GIS information technology, GPS technology, Simulation and virtual reality technology, Spatial Database, 3S Integration and Application.

Bioinformatics: 
Introduction to Bioinformatics, Genetics, Molecular Biology, Biology Data Mining.

Financial Information Engineering: 
Financial Information Systems, Modern Finance, Introduction to Economics, Modern Investment.

Communications software and Protocol engineering: 
Network Protocol design, Communication Software design methods, Wireless Communication Principles & Application, Modern Communications Networks.

IC Design and Applications: 
VLSI Design Introduction, IC Design Automation, Microelectronics Introduction, ASIC Design, SOC Design, VHDL & Verilog Languages.

References 

Wuhan University
Edward Harrison (chemist). Lt-Col Edward Frank Harrison C.M.G. (1869–1918) was an English chemical scientist, credited with the invention of the first serviceable gas mask during the First World War.
Born in Camberwell, Harrison, at the age of 14, was apprenticed to a pharmacist, at the end of which he was awarded the Royal Pharmaceutical Society's Jacob Bell Scholarship. As a student, he was awarded medals in chemistry, botany and materia medica. He qualified as a pharmaceutical chemist in 1891, becoming a demonstrator in the Society's laboratory and school. He later became head of the analytical laboratory at Burroughs Wellcome, and assisted in the compilation of the British Pharmaceutical Codex.

At the outbreak of World War I, Harrison tried to enlist in the British army, but was rejected on account of his age (47 at the time), but was accepted as a corporal into a "sportsman's battalion" in 1915. After the first use of gas weapons by the German Army in 1915, the British War Office enlisted chemists, including Harrison, to find a way of defending against such weapons.

Harrison produced the large box respirator, the first serviceable British gas mask, which he and his team perfected by using themselves as test subjects and exposing themselves to poisonous gases in sealed rooms. Harrison continued to work tirelessly for the remainder of the war and his continued improvements saw him repeatedly promoted, reaching the rank of Lt Col in the Royal Engineers. Harrison died of pneumonia at 49, one week before Armistice Day.

In a letter to his widow, the Minister of Munitions, Winston Churchill, wrote "It is in large measure to him that our troops have been given effectual protection from the German poisonous gases", and that he would have been promoted to Brigadier-General in charge of all chemical warfare.

Harrison had been awarded the French Légion d'honneur, was made a member of Italy's Order of St Maurice and St Lazarus, and was buried with full military honours.

After his death the Chemical Society was approached to host a memorial to Harrison, which was expanded by the Society to commemorate all the Society's Fellows who had died in service of the country. The completed memorial, sculpted by Ernest Gillick, was unveiled on 16 November 1922; it was later relocated in 1967 when the Society moved to the East Wing of Burlington House. The Edward Harrison Memorial Prize awarded by the Chemical Society and latterly the Harrison-Meldola Memorial Prizes awarded by the Royal Society of Chemistry are named in his honour.

References

1869 births
1918 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia in England
British chemists
Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
British recipients of the Legion of Honour
Recipients of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
Royal Engineers officers
United Kingdom chemical weapons program
Maibella. Maibella is a town located in the east side of Charaideo district, Assam (India). The town is home to APGCL (ASEB) which is a major electricity production unit in the whole North Eastern Region. Currently APGCL has three Power houses and one new Power house is under construction under BHEL ( Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited ) http://www.bhel.com/home.php

Sivasagar district
Hubert Pál Álgyay. Hubert Pál Álgyay (Szeged, 6 June 1894 – Budapest, 27 August 1945) was a Hungarian engineer and lecturer.

Álgyay finished his studies at the Budapest Technical University and became adjunct lecturer in bridge building in 1924. Also in that year he completed a doctoral thesis. In 1926 he began work for the Ministry of Transport and from 1934 was director of the bridge building department there. Later he became state secretary of transport. He designed the Petőfi Bridge in Budapest (1933–37) and also directed the widening of Margaret Bridge. He was president of the Capitol building council between 1935 and 1937. He taught at the Technical University from 1937, becoming head lecturer in bridge building. His technical writing was also significant.

Hungarian architects
1945 deaths
1894 births
People from Szeged
Yuri Koptev. Yuri Nikolayevich Koptev (, March 13, 1940) is a former General Director of the Russian Space Agency (now known as Roscosmos), serving in that role from 1992 to 2004. He was replaced in 2004 by Anatoly Perminov, a former commander of the Russian Space Forces. He has the federal state civilian service rank of 1st class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation.

Beginning in 1965, he worked as an engineer at NPO Lavochkin.

Koptev is a Winner of the Golden Space Medal FAI (2000), a State Councillor of the Russian Federation, 1st class and was awarded the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", 2nd and 3rd classes.

Education 

 1957-1960 — Cadet of the Riga Civil Aviation Engineers Institute.
 1960-1965 — A student of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University, graduated with a degree in mechanical engineering.

International sanctions
On June 28, 2022, in connection with the ongoing Russian aggression in Ukraine, he was included in the US sanctions list as a person associated with an important state-owned company for the government and the military-technical complex of the Russian Federation - Rostec and the sanction list of the United Kingdom.

Sanctioned by the UK government in 2023 in relation to Russo-Ukrainian War.

References

External links
  Conversations: Daniel S. Goldin and Yuri N. Koptev; Two Professional Cold Warriors Share a Vision of Life in Space By William J. Broad, The New York Times. Published: January 16, 1994
 NASA History Division - Biographies of Aerospace Officials and Policymakers, K-N
 Date set for Mir destruction, BBC News, 16 November 2000

1940 births
Living people
20th-century Russian engineers
21st-century Russian engineers
People from Stavropol
1st class Active State Councillors of the Russian Federation
Bauman Moscow State Technical University alumni
Honoured Scientists of the Russian Federation
Laureates of the State Prize of Ukraine in Science and Technology
Recipients of the Legion of Honour
Recipients of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", 2nd class
Recipients of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", 3rd class
Recipients of the Order of Honour (Russia)
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Recipients of the Order of Merit (Ukraine), 2nd class
Recipients of the Order of Parasat
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Recipients of the USSR State Prize
State Prize of the Russian Federation laureates
Russian individuals subject to United Kingdom sanctions
Rostec
Russian mechanical engineers
Russian space program personnel
Soviet mechanical engineers
Data collector. In the UK electricity system, a data collector (DC) is responsible for determining the amount of electricity supplied so that the customer can be correctly billed.

Half-hourly 
For half-hourly metered supplies, the half-hourly data collector (HHDC) retrieves the energy consumption data from the meter and makes any necessary estimates. The half-hourly (HH) data is a history of the customer's electricity consumption for each half-hour period.

Non-half-hourly  
For non-half-hourly metered supplies, the Non-Half-Hourly Data Collector (NHHDC) determines the consumption by calculating the advance (the difference between the last two meter reads); this is annualised to produce an Annual Advance (AA) and is the data the supplier will pay on.

The NHHDC is also responsible determining the Estimated Annual Consumption (EAC), which is a forecast for a year ahead. The EAC is initially provided by the supplier, and thereafter forecast based on actual meter readings.

Data from the Data Collector (EAC/ AA's) is provided to the non-half-hourly data aggregator, which aggregates the individual values provided into a single figure split in a number of ways e.g. geographically or by supplier. This aggregated data is then provided to the Central Systems, maintained by Elexon, to determine the value of energy which has been used by suppliers so that they are able to settle with the distribution network which generated the energy. The process is known as balancing and settlement and is regulated according to the Balancing and Settlement Code (BSC).

Payment
A data collection charge is a fee paid to the data collector for determining the energy consumption of the supply. The charge may be shown separately on an electricity bill or it may be incorporated in the electricity supplier's overall charges.

See also 
 Meter Point Administration Number
 Electricity billing in the UK
 Electricity meter
 Meter operator

References 
  

Electricity
Energy in the United Kingdom