omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Methane Princess. Methane Princess and Methane Progress were the first purpose-built LNG carriers, entering service in 1964 and used to transport natural gas from Algeria to the UK. Methane Princess was built at the Vickers shipyard at Barrow-in-Furness and her sister by Harland and Wolff in Belfast.

Design and construction
In 1958 the tanker Methane Pioneer entered service, converted from a cargo ship for the sea transport of liquified natural gas (LNG), by a joint venture of Conoco and Union Stock Yards, funded by the British Gas Council, later joined by the Shell and renamed Conch International Methane. Following the successful proving of the technological and commercial viability by Methane Pioneer, two identical purpose-designed tankers were ordered by Conch to service a contract by British Gas to import LNG from Arzew, Algeria. One ship was ordered from Vickers-Armstrongs Shipbuilders at Barrow-in-Furness as Yard No.1071 and the other from Harland and Wolff in Belfast as Yard No.1653.

Both ships were  long overall and  between perpendiculars, with a beam of , and measured 21876 gross registered tons. Their cargo volume capacity was , divided between nine prismatic, or prism-shaped, tanks. Unlike the diesel-powered Methane Pioneer, the new ships were powered by a novel system with dual fuel steam turbines, utilising boil-off LNG from the cargo tanks as well as conventional fuel oil. The keel of Methane Princess was laid on 26 April 1962 and she was launched on 22 June 1963. The keel of Methane Progress was laid on 24 September 1962 and she was launched on 19 September 1963.

Commercial operation
Although Methane Progress was completed first, on 26 May 1964, it was Methane Princess (completed 21 June) that took on the first load of natural gas at Arzew, Algeria when the liquefaction plant was opened on 27 September, and arrived at the Gas Council's terminal at Canvey island, Essex on 12 October. The two ships could transport 700,000 tons of liquified gas per year, then estimated as 10 per cent of Britain's gas consumption.

The import of LNG from Algeria to Canvey ceased in 1981.

Methane Progress was scrapped in 1986 at Castellón, Spain, but her sister not until 1997, at Alang, India.

References

External links
https://www.helderline.com/tanker/methane-princess-1
https://web.archive.org/web/20070922174134/http://www.chesterahoy.com/SHIPS/bd.htm
https://web.archive.org/web/20080919133957/http://www.tonyholt.net/mprincess.htm

Energy history of the United Kingdom
Natural gas industry in the United Kingdom
LNG tankers
Ships built in Barrow-in-Furness
1963 ships
Tankers of the United Kingdom
Peder Oluf Pedersen. Peder Oluf Pedersen (19 June 1874 – 30 August 1941) was a Danish engineer and physicist. He is notable for his work on electrotechnology, his cooperation with Valdemar Poulsen on the developmental work on   Wire recorders, which he called a  telegraphone, the arc converter known as the Poulsen Arc Transmitter, and his work on electrical currents in the ionosphere.

Pedersen became a professor of telegraphy, telephony and radio in 1912.
He became principal of the College of Advanced Technology (Den Polytekniske Læreanstalt) in 1922, a title he held until his death. He was a Fellow of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers and was a member of the British Institution of Electrical Engineers. In 1915 he became a Fellow of the Institute of Radio Engineers.

The first expression for the Pedersen current was formulated by Pedersen from in his 1927 work "The Propagation of Radio Waves along the Surface of the Earth and in the Atmosphere", where he pointed out that the geomagnetic field means that the conductivity of the ionosphere is anisotropic.

See also
Tikker

References

External links
 Biography from PAST (Portal to Artifacts of Science and Technology)
 Photos from Polytech Photos
 Pedersen's gravestone

1874 births
1941 deaths
20th-century Danish engineers
People from Varde Municipality
Danish physicists
IEEE Medal of Honor recipients
Emergent (software). Emergent (formerly PDP++) is a biologically-based neural simulation software that is primarily intended for creating models of the brain and cognitive processes. Development initially began in 1995 at Carnegie Mellon University, and , continues at the University of Colorado at Boulder. The 3.x release of the software, which was known as PDP++, is featured in the textbook Computational Explorations in Cognitive Neuroscience.

Features 
Emergent features a modular design, based on the principles of object-oriented programming. It runs on Microsoft Windows, Darwin / macOS and Linux. C-Super-Script (variously, CSS and C^C), a built-in C++-like interpreted scripting language, allows access to virtually all simulator objects and can initiate all the same actions as the GUI, and more. Version 4 and upward features a full 3D environment for visualizations, based on Qt and Open Inventor. Robotics simulations are made possible by integration with the Open Dynamics Engine. A plugin system allows for expanding the software in many ways. Version 5 introduced parallel threading support, numerous speed improvements, a help browser featuring an interface to the project's Wiki and auto-generated documentation, undo and redo using diffs and a definable undo depth. In addition, 5.0.2 introduced a built-in plugin source code editor, and plugins can now be compiled from the main interface, enabling full development of plugins within Emergent.

Emergent also provides an implementation of Leabra which was developed by Randall C. O'Reilly in his PhD thesis.

See also 

David Rumelhart
Randall C. O'Reilly
James McClelland (psychologist)
Biologically inspired computing
Computational neuroscience
Leabra

Bibliography

References

Neural network software
Science software for macOS
Science software for Windows
Science software for Linux
Free science software
Software that uses Qt
Chain propagation. In chemistry, chain propagation (sometimes just referred to as propagation) is a process in which a reactive intermediate is continuously regenerated during the course of a chemical chain reaction. For example, in the chlorination of methane, there is a two-step propagation cycle involving as chain carriers a chlorine atom and a methyl radical which are regenerated alternately:

The two steps add to give the equation for the overall chain reaction:

Polymerization
In a chain-growth polymerization reaction, the reactive end-groups of a polymer chain react in each propagation step with a new monomer molecule transferring the reactive group to the last unit. Here the chain carrier is the polymer molecule with a reactive end-group, and at each step it is regenerated with the addition of one monomer unit M:

External links
 IUPAC Gold Book definition: chain-propagating reaction

References 

Chemical reactions
Polymer chemistry
Chain termination. In polymer chemistry, chain termination is any chemical reaction that ceases the formation of reactive intermediates in a chain propagation step in the course of a polymerization, effectively bringing it to a halt.

Mechanisms of termination 

In polymer chemistry, there are several mechanisms by which a polymerization reaction can terminate depending on the mechanism and circumstances of the reaction. A method of termination that applies to all polymer reactions is the depletion of monomer. In chain growth polymerization, two growing chains can collide head to head causing the growth of both of the chains to stop. In the case of radical or anionic polymerization, chain transfer can occur where the radical at the end of the growing chain can be transferred from the chain to an individual monomer unit causing a new chain to start growing and the previous chain to stop growing. With step-growth polymerization, the reaction can be terminated by adding a monofunctional species containing the same functionality as one or more of the types of monomer used in the reaction. For example, an alcohol  can be used to stop a reaction between a polyisocyanate and a polyol because it will react with the isocyanate functionality  to produce  which is then no longer reactive with the polyol.

Termination of radical polymerization 
The termination steps of free radical polymerization steps are of two types: recombination and disproportionation. In a recombination step, two growing chain radicals (denoted by •) form a covalent bond in a single stable molecule. For the example of a vinyl polymer, 

Termination by recombination increases the chain length and therefore the molecular weight of the final polymer.

In a disproportionation step, one radical transfers a hydrogen atom to the other to form two stable molecules:

Termination by disproportionation usually has a higher activation energy since it involves breaking of one bond, and therefore is more important at higher energy.

References

External links
 IUPAC Gold Book definition: Termination

Polymer chemistry
PDP. PDP may refer to:

Computing and technology
 Packet Data Protocol in wireless GPRS/HSDPA networks
 Parallel distributed processing in connectionism
 Plasma display panel
 Policy Decision Point in the Common Open Policy Service
 Portable DVD player
 Power-delay product, the product of power consumption times the input–output delay
 Power delay profile, signal intensity as a function of time delay
 Primary Data Point in the RRDtool
 Programmed Data Processor, Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) minicomputers
 PDP-1, 1959
 PDP-4, 1962
 PDP-5, 1963
 PDP-6, 1963
 PDP-7, 1964
 PDP-8, 1965
 PDP-9, 1966
 PDP-10, mainframe computer 1966-1983
 PDP-11, 16-bit minicomputers 1970-1997
 PDP-12, 1969
 PDP-14, industrial controller, 1969
 PDP-15, 1970
 PDP-16, industrial controller, 1971
 Project Detail Page on Microsoft Project Server
 XACML PDP (policy decision point)
 Product Detail Page, a page showing the detail of one product on an e-commerce website or in an e-commerce application

Government
 Post-detection policy, for extraterrestrial life
 Potato Diversion Program, a USDA program under which farmers are paid to divert potatoes
 Prescription Drug Plan in US Medicare

Politics
 Partido Demokratiko Pilipino, a major political party in the Philippines
 Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party, a political party in Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir
 Democratic Renewal Party (Indonesia), or  in Indonesian
 Islamic Party (Egypt), formerly the Peace and Development Party, Egypt
 Party for Democratic Prosperity, Republic of Macedonia
 Peace and Development Party, Mogadishu, Somalia
 People's Democratic Party (disambiguation), any of a number of worldwide political parties
 Popular Democratic Party (disambiguation), any of a number of worldwide political parties
 Progressive Democratic Party (disambiguation), a number of worldwide political parties
 Papua Presidium Council, a West Papuan political organization
 Party of Democratic Progress, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Other uses
 Pacific Drums and Percussion, a manufacturer
 Personal development plan
 Plastic Disclosure Project, to reduce the environmental impact of plastic
Walther PDP, a pistol
 PewDiePie, a Swedish YouTuber
Postsecondary Data Partnership, of the US National Student Clearinghouse
 IATA code for Capitán de Corbeta Carlos A. Curbelo International Airport, Uruguay

See also
 Parliamentary and Diplomatic Protection (PaDP), London police squad
C32. C32 may refer to:

Vehicles

Aircraft
 Boeing C-32, an American military transport aircraft variant of the Boeing 757
 Caspar C 32, a German agricultural biplane
 Castel C-32, a French glider
 Douglas C-32, an American military transport aircraft

Automobiles
 Mercedes Benz C32 AMG, a German sedan
 Nissan Laurel C32, a Japanese sedan
 Sauber C32, a Swiss Formula One car

Locomotives
 GER Class C32, a British steam locomotive class
 New South Wales C32 class locomotive, an Australian steam locomotive

Ships
 , a C-class submarine of the Royal Navy

Other uses 
 C-32 highway (Spain), in Catalonia
 C32 road (Namibia)
 Bill C-32, various legislation of the Parliament of Canada
 Caldwell 32, a spiral galaxy
 Caterpillar C32, a diesel engine
 King's Gambit Declined, a chess opening
 Laryngeal cancer
 Socket C32, a server processor socket for AMD CPUs
Dennis Crouch. Dennis David Crouch (born April 30, 1975  in Columbia, South Carolina) is an American patent attorney who worked for McDonnell Boehnen Hulbert & Berghoff LLP (MBHB) in Chicago, Illinois, until 2007. In 2007, he accepted a post of associate professor at the University of Missouri School of Law in Columbia, Missouri.

Crouch graduated with a B.S.E. in mechanical and aerospace engineering a certificate in engineering management systems from Princeton University in 1997. Along with Kotaro Akita, he completed a senior thesis, titled "webrisk!: An Autonomous Learning System on the Internet", under the supervision of Minh Quang Phan. In 2003, he received his J.D. from the University of Chicago Law School, and passed the Illinois bar examination and was admitted to practice in Illinois in the same year. He also passed the USPTO registration examination, most likely in 2003, and was registered to practice as a patent agent in February 2004 and as a patent attorney in August 2004.

Patently-O
Crouch runs the "Patently-O Patent Blog", a patent law blog that features analysis on current Federal Circuit law and other subjects. According to BusinessWeek, as of 2008 the Patently-O blog was the most widely read patent law blog, and was included in the American Bar Association Journal blog's inaugural patent blog "hall of fame" in 2012.  Crouch is reported to be "fairly obsessive about timeliness, checking the Federal Circuit's site when it is updated each morning and immediately noting new cases on his blog."

References

External links
Patently-O: Patent Law Blog 
Dennis D. Crouch  on the University of Missouri School of Law web site
Former biography at MBHB (through The Internet Archive)

1975 births
Living people
Illinois lawyers
American patent attorneys
Patent law scholars
Lawyers from Columbia, South Carolina
Princeton University School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
University of Chicago Law School alumni
University of Missouri School of Law faculty
Intellectual property law blogs
American legal websites
ITSEC. The Information Technology Security Evaluation Criteria (ITSEC) is a structured set of criteria for evaluating computer security within products and systems. The ITSEC was first published in May 1990 in France, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom based on existing work in their respective countries. Following extensive international review, Version 1.2 was subsequently published in June 1991 by the Commission of the European Communities for operational use within evaluation and certification schemes.

Since the launch of the ITSEC in 1990, a number of other European countries have agreed to recognize the validity of ITSEC evaluations.

The ITSEC has been largely replaced by Common Criteria, which provides similarly defined evaluation levels and implements the target of evaluation concept and the Security Target document.

Concepts
The product or system being evaluated, called the target of evaluation, is subjected to a detailed examination of its security features culminating in comprehensive and informed functional and penetration testing. The degree of examination depends upon the level of confidence desired in the target. To provide different levels of confidence, the ITSEC defines evaluation levels, denoted E0 through E6. Higher evaluation levels involve more extensive examination and testing of the target.

Unlike earlier criteria, notably the TCSEC developed by the US defense establishment, the ITSEC did not require evaluated targets to contain specific technical features in order to achieve a particular assurance level. For example, an ITSEC target might provide authentication or integrity features without providing confidentiality or availability. A given target's security features were documented in a Security Target document, whose contents had to be evaluated and approved before the target itself was evaluated. Each ITSEC evaluation was based exclusively on verifying the security features identified in the Security Target.

Use 

The formal Z notation was used to prove security properties about the Mondex smart card electronic cash system, allowing it to achieve ITSEC level E6, the highest granted security-level classification.

References

Bibliography
 

Computer-related introductions in 1990
Computer security accreditations
Computer security standards
DARPA XG. The neXt Generation program or XG is a technology development project sponsored by DARPA's Strategic Technology Office, with the goals to "develop both the enabling technologies and system concepts to dynamically redistribute allocated spectrum along with novel waveforms in order to provide dramatic improvements in assured military communications in support of a full range of worldwide deployments." It is financed by the United States government within the aim of developing a de facto standard for cognitive radio and dynamic spectrum regulation.

Background 
Particularly, XG is focused on the development of dynamic spectrum access (DSA) demonstration and capability as well as the evaluation of three fundamental principles, namely: the principle of "Do No Harm"; "Add Value" principle; and, DSA devices development that provide equivalent reliability and service. The first principle involves the design of DSA radios in a way that does not interfere with viable links while the second maintains that DSA radios offer positive benefit after all the overhead costs and resources are considered. In the Wireless World Research Forum of 27 October 2003, Preston Marshall, program manager of DARPA XG Program, said "The primary product of the XG program is not a new radio, but a set of advanced technologies for dynamic spectrum access."

Projects and initiatives 
From 2006 to 2008, DARPA held numerous XG program demonstrations such as the experiment that involved the deployment of a field of conventionally deconflicted wireless links that included typical military, public safety, and civilian point-to-point links, covering several kilometers. In 2006, an XG technology was deployed in a field trial and demonstrated a robust networking capability amid challenging mobile scenarios. The program is also engaged in the development of architectural framework, protocol design, and building prototypes for DSA networks. One of its notable projects is the One Shot XG system, which is being developed to improve the accuracy of military snipers by calculating variables such as crosswind condition, maximum effective range of the weapon, and weapon alignment.

See also
DySPAN: formerly known as the IEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 41 and previously the IEEE 1900 Standards Committee; works on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN).

References

External links
 DARPA - The Next Generation Program official website
 Shared Spectrum Company - The XG Phase III contractor
 SRI International - The XG Policy Control contractor
 BBN - The XG Working Group

XG
Research projects
SRI International
Glasflügel 401. The Glasflügel 401 "Kestrel" is a glider that was developed in 1968 for the open class. It has a wingspan of 17 metres. It is named after the kestrel bird.

History
Between 1968 and 1975 Glasflügel built 129 Kestrels. 

The British company Slingsby built the Kestrel under license as the T59 and T59B. The T59B has a wingspan of 19 metres and was developed for the 1970 World Gliding Championships.

On 18 May 2005, Gordon Boettger flew 2061 km in his Kestrel in lee waves along the Sierra Nevada in the USA.

Specifications

See also

Notes

References

 Flight Manual
 Die Entwicklung der Kunststoffsegelflugzeuge, Dietmar Geistmann, Motorbuchverlag, 
 Sailplane Directory

1960s German sailplanes
Glasflügel aircraft
T-tail aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1968
ScaleSeven. ScaleSeven (S7) is a set of finescale model railway standards for 1:43.5 (7 mm scale) using true-to-prototype track and wheel standards. It is principally used to model British standard gauge (), Irish Broad Gauge (), or Great Western broad gauge ().

See also

 Rail transport modelling scales
 Model railway scales

References

External links
 ScaleSeven Group

7 mm scale
SciTech High. SciTech Campus of Harrisburg High school, located in downtown Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, is a regional math and science public school that attracts students from Harrisburg and neighboring school districts. Beginning with the 9th grade, SciTech Campus prepares students for a university curriculum, studying toward degrees in science, engineering and technology. Enrollment is limited to 400 pupils The opportunity to create a unified 9-16 curriculum is unique in the nation and represents a potentially replicable approach to bridging the frequent discontinuity between high school and higher education. The school is a federally designated Title I school. It opened in September 2003.

In 2011, the Harrisburg City School District Board changed the name of the school to Harrisburg High School, SciTech Campus. Prior the name was Scitech High.

In 2013, Harrisburg High School, SciTech Campus' enrollment was reported as 366 pupils in 9th through 12th grades.

Program
SciTech Campus focuses on the College in High School program, that lets students enroll in college classes while they are still in high school.  Students take advanced and engaging science related courses and earn college credit while completing high school graduation requirements. In the past, SciTech has allowed students to take classes at the nearby Harrisburg Area Community College campus as well as Harrisburg University.

Students participate in a monthly Community Partnership Day. This day is used as an external teaching tool with each activity or group monitored by a staff member. Activities include speakers, volunteer events, and career development and exploration opportunities. This type of activity is unique to this high school in the area.

Extracurricular activities
The school has one of the few active robotics teams in Harrisburg. It is led by one of the school's first teachers, Robert Steps. The program helps teach teamwork, ingenuity, and how to speak robot C, a code language designed for robots. The team joins in a tournament every year.

Other current and former extracurricular activities include Math & Music Club, Student Council, Youth & Government, Brainbusters/Quiz Bowl, Choir, Key Club, International Club, and National Honor Society. Student athletes are eligible to compete for the Harrisburg High Cougars with students from the John Harris campus.

See also
Harrisburg School District

References

External links
Official site

Education in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
High schools in Central Pennsylvania
Educational institutions established in 2003
University-affiliated schools in the United States
Schools in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania
Public high schools in Pennsylvania
Magnet schools in Pennsylvania
2003 establishments in Pennsylvania
Printer Job Language. Printer Job Language (PJL) is a method developed by Hewlett-Packard for switching printer languages at the job level, and for status readback between the printer and the host computer.  PJL adds job level controls, such as printer language switching, job separation, environment, status readback, device attendance and file system commands.

"PJL offers application programs an efficient way to remotely control Hewlett-Packard printers. Using PJL, developers can provide applications with the ability to programmatically switch printer languages, monitor printer status, request the printer model and configuration, change control panel default settings, modify control panel messages, and more."

While PJL was conceived as an extension to Printer Command Language (PCL), it is now supported by most PostScript printers.

Many printer vendors have extended PJL to include commands proprietary to their products.  Not all PJL commands documented by HP are implemented in all HP or other vendor products.

PJL resides above all the other printer languages and parses commands first.

The syntax mainly uses plain English words.

References

External links 

 

HP software
Page description languages