omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Toyota Motor Manufacturing France. Toyota Motor Manufacturing France S.A.S., or better known under its acronym TMMF, is the French automobile manufacturing division of Japanese automaker Toyota located in Onnaing near the city of Valenciennes. The company was founded in 1998 as a subsidiary of Toyota Motor Europe N/V S/A.

The construction of the new plant began in 1999 and was completed one year later. The production started on 31 January 2001 with the small car Toyota Yaris. Both models were facelifted in 2003. With the launch of the second generation in 2005, the production of the Yaris Verso discontinued.

Since April 2002, the French plant is manufacturing D-4D turbo diesel engines with direct injection and common rail technology. A few months later the first D-CAT diesel engine were produced. In November, Toyota increased the production capacity of its French plant from 100,000 to 184,000 units per year. This necessitated the change to the three-shift operation. In July, the 500,000th Yaris left the factory.  At the same time Toyota raised its annual production to 270,000 units a year. The millionth Yaris, already in second generation, was manufactured in December 2006 and in 2016 the three-millionth Yaris was produced.

Furthermore, the TMMF operates since September 2005 its own training centre known as the Centre de Formation. So the TMMF is one of the important regional training organizations in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais area. A total of 3,732 employees working on the 233 hectare site for the TMMF.

In May 2011, Toyota stopped production of the French Yaris model of the second generation which was replaced by the identical Daihatsu Charade. However, the official successor is the Toyota Yaris of the third generation which is also manufactured in France.

In June 2012, Toyota announced that it would move production of the Toyota Yaris for the North American market from Japan to France. The company expects annual exports to total 25,000 units.

Current production

Former production

References

External links
 

Car manufacturers of France
Companies based in Hauts-de-France
Buildings and structures in Nord (French department)
Motor vehicle assembly plants in France
Daihatsu
Toyota subsidiaries
Toyota factories
French subsidiaries of foreign companies
French companies established in 1998
Alpha factor. The α-factor is a dimensionless quantity used to predict the solid–liquid interface type of a material during solidification. It was introduced by physicist Kenneth A. Jackson in 1958. In his model, crystal growth with larger values of α is smooth, whereas crystals growing at smaller α (below the threshold value of 2) have rough surfaces.

Method 
According to John E. Gruzleski in his book Microstructure Development During Metalcasting (1996):
 
where  is the latent heat of fusion;  is the Boltzmann constant;  is the freezing temperature at equilibrium;  is the number of nearest neighbours an atom has in the interface plane; and  is the number of nearest neighbours in the bulk solid.

As , where  is the molar entropy of fusion of the material,
  

According to Martin Glicksman in his book Principles of Solidification: An Introduction to Modern Casting and Crystal Growth Concepts (2011):
 
where  is the universal gas constant.  is similar to previous, always  < 1.

References 

Materials science
Ward Whitt. Ward Whitt (born January 29, 1942) is an American professor of operations research and management sciences. He is a professor emeritus of the Industrial Engineering and Operations Research department of Columbia University. His research focuses on queueing theory, performance analysis, stochastic models of telecommunication systems, and numerical transform inversion. He is recognized for his contributions to the understanding and analyses of complex queues and queuing networks, which led to advances in the telecommunications system.

Biography
Whitt was born in Bozeman, Montana in 1942.  He received an A.B. in Mathematics from Dartmouth in 1964, and in 1969 completed a Ph.D. in operations research from Cornell under the supervision of Donald Lee Iglehart. His doctoral thesis, Weak Convergence Theorems for Queues in Heavy Traffic, paved the path for his future research. Whitt joined the operations research faculty at Stanford before moving to Yale in 1969. From 1977–2002, he worked in Bell Labs and then AT&T Labs. Since 2002, he has been a full professor in the Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations Research (IEOR) at Columbia. He was appointed Wai T. Chang Professor in 2007, and is currently Professor Emeritus.

Honors
Whitt received numerous accolades for his seminal contributions to operations research. He holds a number of telecommunications-related patents. He has been on the editorial boards of major management science journals including Operations Research. He is a member of Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS) and Institute of Mathematical Statistics. He has also been a member and committee chair in the National Academy of Engineering. From 1999 to 2001, Whitt has been on the INFORMS prize committee.

Awards
2003 INFORMS Frederick W. Lanchester Prize
2002 Inaugural INFORMS Fellow
2001 John von Neumann Theory Prize
2001 Harold Larnder Prize
1997 AT&T Fellow
1996 National Academy of Engineering Member

Selected publications
Books

Articles

References

External links 
 Home Page
 
 

1942 births
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Fellows of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences
Dartmouth College alumni
Cornell University College of Engineering alumni
Columbia University faculty
Columbia School of Engineering and Applied Science faculty
Living people
American probability theorists
John von Neumann Theory Prize winners
20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
Hugh Ralston Crawford. Hugh Ralston Crawford (1876–1954), practiced both as an engineer and architect in Australia and the United States in the first half of the 20th century.

Biography
Crawford was born in the United States in 1876, and moved to Queensland, Australia as a child. He was articled to the Townsville civil engineers and architects Eyre & Munro, and joined the Queensland Government's Bridge Department as a designing engineer in 1896, later becoming engineer in charge of railway construction. He also appears to have been in India for a time.

Crawford held the Australian patent rights for the Turner Mushroom flat slab system. This system was so called due to the peculiar formation of rods around the column head and the rapidity with which they could be erected. It was first described in the US in Engineering News in 1905 by C.A.P. Turner and his first flat-slab building was the Johnson-Bovey building of 1906.  Some of these buildings still exist and at least one, the 1906 Hoffman (a.k.a. Marshall) building was designated an ASCE National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark in 2002. Between 1906 and 1909, at least eighteen other buildings of this type were built in the U.S.A.

Crawford was involved in applying the Turner system to the design of Dovers building in Drewery Lane, Melbourne in 1908. This was the 1st flat slab building in Australia using the system and Crawford subsequently designed a large number of other buildings using the Turner system.

Crawford was granted an Australian patent in 1907 for a monolithic reinforced concrete cavity wall, and built a number of Melbourne houses on this system.

From 1906 to 1914 Crawford conducted a private practice in Melbourne specialising in steel and reinforced concrete building. From 1914 to 1919 he was employed by the John S. Metcalf Company Limited of Chicago-Montreal, Canada to construct bulk handling wheat silos for the New South Wales Government in Australia. In 1919 he was appointed Consulting Engineer for concrete to the Commonwealth Government.

The means by which Crawford obtained the Australian rights to the patent, have not been discerned.

Crawford died at a Nursing Home near his Lansell Crescent, Camberwell home, aged 80, on 24 October 1958, survived by his wife Catherine, and children Dorothy, Colin, Gilbert, Max and Alan.

Legacy 
The locality of Crawford in Queensland and its railway station were named after him.

References

Bibliography
 Exporting American Architecture, 1870–2000, by Jeffrey W. Cody
 Miles Lewis [ed], Two Hundred Years of Concrete in Australia (North Sydney 1988), pp 26–7.

1954 deaths
American civil engineers
Australian civil engineers
Engineers from Melbourne
1876 births
List of educational institutions in Viluppuram district. Villupuram district, India has several primary, secondary and tertiary educational institutions.

Different schools in Villupuram follow the curricula set by their board of choice, such as the Tamil Nadu State Board or the CBSE.

Colleges in Villupuram District 
At tertiary level, the range of colleges in Viluppuram varies from Arts and Science Colleges (both Government and privately run) to professional colleges for Engineering and Medical Studies.kuralamudhu ias from Villupuram.

Around half a dozen Engineering Colleges have mushroomed in the recent years, thanks to IT and fancy investment in education. The Quality of education in these institutions are below par with the exception of a couple of colleges started in late 1990s and early 2000. Almost all the Engineering Colleges are under Anna University and affiliated to AICTE. The notable and famous one is Sri Aravindar Engineering College located in Vanur Taluk.

In 2010, Government Villupuram medical college was started functioning at Mundiyampakkam (8 km away from Villupuram on the way to Chennai) with full fletched hospital.

Engineering 
 IFET College of Engineering, An Autonomous Institution, Villupuram
 Mailam Engineering College, Mailam

Schools 

 The Claribel Matric school, Villupuram
Sacred Heart Anglo-Indian Higher Secondary School, Villupuram
Railway Mixed High School
Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya Matric Higher Secondary School
E.S. Lords International School

Viluppuram
Education in Viluppuram district
Mr. Louie. Mr. Louie is a former self-elevating drilling barge (jackup rig) converted into an oil platform. It was the first self-elevating drilling barge classed by the American Bureau of Shipping. As an oil platform, it operates at the Saltpond Oil Field, offshore Ghana.

Description
Mr. Louie weighs 6200 tons. Its minimal operational water depth is . It has five tugs which pulled her around, and twelve legs for standing on the seabed.  It has rings welded onto its cylindrical legs to provide a positive jack connection. Its footing equivalent diameter is , and approximate footing load is .

History
Mr Louie was designed by Emile Brinkmann between 1956 and 1958. The drilling barge was built by Universal Drilling Co. It was launched in 1958 and delivered in 1959. In 1958, Mr. Louie became the first self-elevating drilling barge classed by the American Bureau of Shipping.

In 1959, it was leased to Reading & Bates (now part of Transocean).  The rig was valued by the leasing contract at US$4.75 million. This transaction was later challenged by the United States tax authorities as a sale agreement.  In 1965, the barge was sold pursuant to contractual option to Reading & Bates.

Mr. Louie first drilled at the Gulf of Mexico, where it drilled more than 40 wells.  Later it was transferred to the North Sea. In 1963, while drilling on the German Bight, a pocket of very high pressure carbon dioxide struck the well, causing a blowout. The blowout created a  wide and  deep crater called Figge-Maar.

In May 1964, Mr. Louie drilled the first offshore hole in the North Sea,  off of Juist island. In June, it made the first North Sea gas discovery.  Later it was used for natural gas exploration in the UK section of the North Sea. In 1967, Mr. Louie was a part of the unique action for that time when for the first time in the North Sea, it went to dock for reparations and maintenance and was replaced by another rig (Orion) during the drilling.  After the structural repairs and maintenance work at Bremerhaven, Mr. Louie continued drilling at the North Sea for the Gas Council – Amoco group.

After the North Sea, Mr. Louie was moved to West Africa. In 1969, it passed through Gibraltar. Temporary moorings were needed and their setting into the rocky floor of Gibraltar Bay required the use of the Edwardian air lock diving-bell plant to work at depth. Between 1977 and 1978 it drilled six appraisal wells at the Saltpond Oil Field in offshore Ghana.  After completing the drilling in 1978, Mr. Louie was converted into an oil platform at this field. It was officially renamed APG-1.

See also
Sea Gem
Sea Quest

References 

1958 ships
Jack-up rigs
Oil platforms
Transocean
PES Modern College of Engineering, Pune. PES Modern College of Engineering, Pune, popularly known as Modern or MCOE, is a Private Engineering Institute located in Pune, Maharashtra.    The college is approved by All India Council of Technical Education(AICTE), New Delhi, Directorate of Technical Education(DTE), and Government of Maharashtra and is permanently affiliated to University of Pune, complying to all norms and standards of Engineering education. It is UGC recognized under 2(f) and 12(B) and NAAC accredited Grade "A++" college. In 2019, the Institute received an NBA accreditation for 3 years. It has also been awarded as the "Best College in the Urban area" by the University of Pune in the year 2012.

Institute history
Progressive Education Society's Modern College of Engineering(also known as MCOE) is located in Pune, Maharashtra. It was established in the year 1999. It is approved by the All India Council of Technical Education (AICTE), Directorate of Technical Education (DTE) and is affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University. It is recognised by the University Grants Commission (UGC) and accredited by NAAC with a Grade “A++”. The college offers undergraduate programmes in eight disciplines of Engineering and various postgraduate programmes.

The college is also awarded as the "Best College in the Urban Area" by the Savitribai Phule Pune University. The campus is spread over 12 acre of land with a high-speed Wi-Fi connection. The institute has four recognised research centres affiliated to the university. It has state-of-the-art infrastructure which includes spacious classrooms, well-equipped laboratories, computer centres, language laboratory, audio-video laboratory and central library, seminar hall, auditorium, etc. The institute also has sports and gymnasium facility for both boys and girls.

Academics

Courses Offered for Under Graduation Program 

Mechanical Engineering

Computer Engineering

Electrical Engineering

Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

Information Technology 

Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Engineering

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Engineering

Electronics and Computer Engineering

Courses Offered for Post Graduation Program 
Electrical Engineering (Control Systems)

Computer Engineering (Computer Engg)

Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering (Signal Processing)

Mechanical Engineering (Heat Power)

Master of Business Administration (MBA)

Master of Computer Application (MCA)

See also

University of Pune
List of educational institutions in Pune
All India Council for Technical Education

References

Universities and colleges in Pune
Engineering colleges in Pune
Educational institutions established in 1999
1999 establishments in Maharashtra
Colleges affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University
Roger Sisson. Roger Lee Sisson (June 24, 1926 – January 22, 1992) was an American early data processing pioneer. Sisson worked on Project Whirlwind while a graduate student at MIT, co-founded the first consulting firm devoted to electronic data processing, and published a number of the earliest books and periodicals on computers and data processing.

Sisson earned his M.S. in electrical engineering from MIT in January 1950. He worked in Jay Forrester’s lab on Project Whirlwind. His thesis, written with Alfred Susskind, was on the digital to analog conversion for the cathode ray tube display.

Sisson, with Richard Canning, started one of the first consulting firms devoted exclusively to electronic data processing, Canning, Sisson, and Associates. Canning and Sisson also published one of the earliest computer periodicals, Data Processing Digest, starting in 1955.  Sisson went on to write a number of noted books on the subject of EDP, including The Management of Data Processing, and A Manager’s Guide to Data Processing. He wrote an early and influential paper in the field of Operations Research, "Methods of Sequencing in Job Shops" in the journal Operations Research in 1959.

Sisson died on January 22, 1992, in New York City, of sudden cardiac arrest, at the age of 65.

References

External links 
Book references for Roger Sisson
Grabbe Automation in Business and Industry Bitsavers references for Roger Sisson
Proceedings of a Second Symposium on Large-Scale Digital Calculating Machinery Bitsavers references for Roger Sisson

MIT School of Engineering alumni
American computer scientists
1926 births
1992 deaths
M85 fuel. M85 is a fuel consisting of 85% methanol and 15% gasoline (petrol). It is a potential alternative to traditional gasoline and ethanol. M85 is similar to E85, but cannot be used in vehicles designed for E85. Although it is similar in composition, M85 is not as well known as its ethanol counterpart. Despite these issues, methanol is considered a viable alternative fuel as it contains high levels of hydrogen.

Background
Methanol, the primary component of M85 fuel, is primarily derived from natural gas, offering a liquid alternative for transporting gas to distant markets. Efforts are being made to convert "waste" natural gas into methanol, providing an efficient means of utilizing excess resources. While some methanol is produced by fermenting biomass, it is not yet economically competitive. Notably, M85 has the potential to be a preferred means of storing hydrogen for fuel-cell electric vehicles in the future.

Efforts to introduce M85 into fuel markets, particularly in California, have been made. However, there is no nationwide transportation network for bulk M85 fuel. The industry's recent focus on methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) as a derivative compound in oxygenated gasoline has faced challenges because of environmental concerns. Although there are limited M85 stations in the United States, adapting existing gasoline fueling stations for M85 requires minimal modifications. This flexibility makes it a feasible option compared to alternative fuels like compressed or liquefied natural gas. If local governments, consumers, and retailers decide to develop the market, M85 capability can be added swiftly.

To address the colorless flame of a methanol fire and to avoid cold-start issues in extreme temperatures, M85 is often blended with 15% unleaded premium gasoline. This ensures flame visibility in case of a fire and prevents cold-start problems.

Advantages and disadvantages
 User Transparency: M85, being an alcohol-based fuel, is considered one of the most user-friendly alternative fuels, closely resembling gasoline in purchase and usage. Vehicles running on M85 require only slight modifications to their fuel systems, making them easily adaptable.
 Cost and Flexibility: Modern M85 vehicles have often been offered at no extra cost compared to their gasoline counterparts. The cost per mile is comparable to mid-grade gasoline, and M85 vehicles are designed as flex-fuel vehicles. This means they can run on any mixture of M85 and gasoline, providing a seamless transition based on fuel availability.
 Corrosiveness: Methanol's corrosive nature necessitates changes to the materials in both vehicle and refueling station fuel-handling systems. Special oil additives are required to protect the engine from corrosion.
 Reduced Fuel Efficiency: The richer fuel/air mixture required by methanol means that a given volume of gasoline will provide approximately 70% more distance than the same volume of M85. Manufacturers can compensate for this by installing larger fuel tanks in M85 vehicles.

References

Liquid fuels
Yangaroo. YANGAROO, Inc. is a media content technology company that offers a platform used by the advertising and music industries, award shows, and broadcasters for the management and distribution of advertising and entertainment content.

DMDS: Digital Media Distribution System
The Digital Media Distribution System (DMDS) is a patented technology platform of YANGAROO Inc.

YANGAROO, powered by DMDS, is a secure distribution tool for audio and video media via the internet. Systems like DMDS make it possible for broadcasters, TV advertisers, and post-production companies to move away from physical media like DigiBeta tapes to digital file-based workflows.  

The DMDS service supports the following :
 Broadcasting music videos 
 Distributing television advertisements
 Distributing award show content and voting
 Distributing music to television and radio platforms

YANGAROO Music provides programmers, broadcasters, journalists, and other industry professionals the ability to preview and download pre-release media from music professionals, including record labels and independents.

YANGAROO in the Securities Market

In January 2020, YANGAROO Inc. reported that the TSX Venture Exchange has approved the company's proposal for a regular course issuer offer for up to 3,000,000 shares of its common stock, which constitutes 5% or less of the company's issued and outstanding securities.

Key Partnerships
In December 2014, YANGAROO announced a partnership with IMD Fastrax, the music distribution arm of delivery company IMD. The partnership enabled North American record labels and recording artists to deliver their music videos to the UK and Ireland via the IMD Fastrax platform.

YANGAROO has also formed a partnership with Universal Music Canada.

References 

Digital media organizations
Software companies of Canada
Technology companies established in 1999
1999 establishments in Canada
Wien effect. The Wien effect is the experimentally-observed increase in ionic mobility or conductivity of electrolytes at very high gradient of electrical potential. A theoretical explanation has been proposed by Lars Onsager.

A related phenomenon is known as the Second Wien Effect or the dissociation field effect, and it involves increased dissociation constants of weak acids at high electrical gradients. The dissociation of weak chemical bases is unaffected.

The effects are important at very high electrical fields (108 – 109 V/m), like those observed in electrical double layers at interfaces or at the surfaces of electrodes in electrochemistry.

More generally, the electric field effect (directly, through space rather than through chemical bonds) on chemical behaviour of systems (e.g., on reaction rates) is known as the field effect or the direct effect.

The terms are named after Max Wien.

See also 
Debye length
Electroviscous effects
Field effect (semiconductor)
Field-effect mobility

References 

Physical chemistry
Electrochemistry