omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
QSOS. The Qualification and Selection of Open Source software (QSOS) is a methodology for assessing free and libre open-source software. This methodology is released under the GFDL license.

General approach

QSOS defines 4 steps that are part of an iterative process:

 1 - Define and organise what will be assessed (common Open Source criteria and risks and technical domain specific functionalities),
 2 - Assess the competing software against the criteria defined above and score these criteria individually,
 3 - Qualify your evaluation by organising criteria into evaluation axes, and defining filtering (weightings, etc.) related to your context,
 4 - Select the appropriate OSS by scoring all competing software using the filtering system designed in step 3.

Output documents
This process generates software assessing sheets as well as comparison grids. These comparison grids eventually assist the user to choose the right software depending on the context.
These documents are also released under the free GNU FDL Licence. This allows them to be reused and improved, as well as to remain more objective.
Assessment sheets are stored using an XML-based format.

Tools
Several tools distributed under the GPL licence are provided to help users manipulate QSOS documents:
 Template editor: QSOS XUL Template Editor
 Assessment sheets editors:
 QSOS XUL Editor
 QSOS Qt Editor
 QSOS Java Editor (under development)

See also

 Open source software assessment methodologies
 Open Source Software
 Free Software

External links
 Official QSOS website
 Community website for the QSOS project

Free software culture and documents
Maturity models
GPU cluster. A GPU cluster is a computer cluster in which each node is equipped with a graphics processing unit (GPU). By harnessing the computational power of modern GPUs via general-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPU), very fast calculations can be performed with a GPU cluster.

Hardware (GPU) 

The hardware classification of GPU clusters fall into two categories:
Heterogeneous and Homogeneous.

Heterogeneous

Hardware from both of the major IHV's can be used (AMD and NVIDIA). Even if different models of the same GPU are used (e.g. 8800GT mixed with 8800GTX) the GPU cluster is considered heterogeneous.

Homogeneous

Every single GPU is of the same hardware class, make, and model. (i.e. a homogeneous cluster comprising 100 8800GTs, all with the same amount of memory)

Classifying a GPU cluster according to the above semantics largely directs software development on the cluster, as different GPUs have different capabilities that can be utilized.

Hardware (Other) 

Interconnect

In addition to the computer nodes and their respective GPUs, a fast enough interconnect is needed in order to shuttle data amongst the nodes. The type of interconnect largely depends on the number of nodes present. Some examples of interconnects include Gigabit Ethernet and InfiniBand.

Vendors

NVIDIA provides a list of dedicated Tesla Preferred Partners (TPP) with the capability of building and delivering a fully configured GPU cluster using the Tesla 20-series GPGPUs. AMAX Information Technologies, Dell, Hewlett-Packard and Silicon Graphics are some of the few companies that provide a complete line of GPU clusters and systems.

Software 

The software components that are required to make many GPU-equipped machines act as one include:
Operating System
GPU driver for the each type of GPU present in each cluster node.
Clustering API (such as the Message Passing Interface, MPI).
VirtualCL (VCL) cluster platform  is a wrapper for OpenCL™ that allows most unmodified applications to transparently utilize multiple OpenCL devices in a cluster as if all the devices are on the local computer.

Algorithm mapping 

Mapping an algorithm to run a GPU cluster is somewhat similar to mapping an algorithm to run on a traditional computer cluster. Example: rather than distributing pieces of an array from RAM, a texture is divided up amongst the nodes of the GPU cluster.

References and external links
GPU Cluster for High Performance Computing, SC 2004

NCSA's Accelerator Cluster
GPU Clusters for High-Performance Computing
GPU cluster at STFC Daresbury Laboratory
GPU Cores Temperature Monitoring

Cluster computing
GPGPU
Graphics hardware
Liquitex. Liquitex is a US company that supplies art materials, focusing exclusively on the development, manufacture and distribution of acrylic paints. Founded by Henry Levison as "Permanent Pigments" in 1955, the company created the first water-based acrylic gesso. That same year, Levison decided to reorganize the company under the name "Liquitex". In 1956, the company starting selling water-based "Soft Body" acrylic paints. In 1963, "Heavy Body" paints were available with a thicker consistency. The company offers the largest number of acrylic paint products in the world.

History 
Liquitex was developed by the Permanent Pigments Company, established in 1933 by Henry Levison. Permanent Pigments was a small, family-owned business located in Cincinnati that focused on developing oil paint.

In 1950, Henry Levison, along with other professionals in the art materials industry, established the National Art Materials Trade Association, now known as the International Art Materials Trade Association. It was the first trade organization in the world that focused on promoting and sustaining the manufacture, distribution, sales, and training in the use of art materials.

In 1955, Levison developed a quick-drying, water-emulsified acrylic polymer resin. In selecting a name for the new product, Levison chose "Liquitex" as a portmanteau of "liquid" and "texture". The name was based on the character of the medium, which was a liquid base, quick drying and easily used to create texture in artwork.

In 1964, Binney & Smith acquired the Liquitex brand, eventually selling it in 2000 to its present owner, Colart.

Products

Notable adopters of acrylics 
Helen Frankenthaler and Andy Warhol were early adopters of Liquitex acrylic paints. David Hockney switched from oils to acrylics after Liquitex made a less liquid medium in 1963 (High Viscosity Artist Color).

Liquitex is used by mural artists like Thomas Hart Benton. Abstract expressionist artist Robert Motherwell switched to acrylic paints due to his use of large amounts of black, a color that (as oil paint) takes an especially long time to dry.  He continued to use oil paint for some work, but mostly used acrylics after the mid-1960s.

References

External links
 

Art materials brands
Artists' acrylic paint brands
Manufacturing companies based in Cincinnati
Manufacturing companies established in 1955
1955 establishments in Ohio
Film splicer. A film splicer (also called a film joiner, usually in Europe) is a device which can be used to physically join lengths of photographic film.  It is mostly used in film motion pictures. The units are made in various types depending on the usage: Single-8, Super 8 film, 16mm, 9,5 mm, 35mm and 70mm. Used in film editing to make a cut (transition).

Cement splicers
Cement splicers join films together by using a chemical called film cement which is made of film base dissolved in a solvent.  The photographic emulsion is removed from the area to be joined and the base of the other end is brought into contact with it.

Film editors use a version with a very small overlaps at the top and bottom of the picture frame to edit film negatives, although units with a longer overlap are preferred for projection release prints.

These can only be used with acetate, triacetate and nitrate films.  Polyester film, such as that used for currently produced prints, will not bond with standard film cement.

Tape splicers
Here a piece of thin transparent adhesive tape is used to join the two ends.  The tape may be pre-perforated for the film perforations, or the splicer may make perforations as the splice is made (this type of splicer is sometimes referred to as guillotine splicer).

Tape splicers can be used on most types of film.  This is the most popular way to join polyester prints in theaters.

Ultrasonic splicers
These splicers use an ultrasonic signal to melt the film together.  They are generally used with polyester film, and are used in splicing microfilm as the splice will not break down over time as a tape splice might.

Thermal paper splicers
Used in film processing labs to join film into large rolls before processing.  These use a plastic coated tab to make the splice.  The tab is heated and the plastic melts slightly, bonding to the film.  The tabs are often printed with a number or bar code to identify the film after processing.

See also
Splicing is sometimes used to describe the technique of compositing used in digital film-making which is used to combine visual elements such as actors onto a virtual background.

References

Splicer
Film and video technology
Film production
Peter Drummond (engineer). Peter Drummond (1850–1918) was a Scottish Locomotive Superintendent with the Highland Railway from 1896 to 1911 and with the Glasgow and South Western Railway from 1912 to 1918. He was the younger brother of the engineer Dugald Drummond.

Locomotives
Locomotives designed by Peter Drummond include:
Highland Railway Drummond 4-6-0 'Castle' Class engine
Highland Railway Drummond 0-6-0 Class goods engine
Highland Railway Drummond 0-6-4T Class banking engine
Highland Railway L Class 4-4-0 passenger engine
Highland Railway Ben Class 4-4-0 passenger engine
G&SWR 'Austrian Goods' 2-6-0

References

 

 
 
 

1850 births
1918 deaths
British mechanical engineers
Locomotive builders and designers
Highland Railway
Glasgow and South Western Railway people
19th-century Scottish engineers
Saab Sensis Corporation. Saab Sensis Corporation is a technology company based in East Syracuse, New York and is a subsidiary of Saab Group. Saab Sensis, formerly Sensis Corporation, was acquired by Saab Group in 2011. Following the acquisition, Saab consolidated its U.S. defense businesses under a new U.S.-based company named Saab Defense and Security USA (SDAS) leaving Saab Sensis to focus on air traffic solutions. Today, Saab Sensis leads Saab's global Air Traffic Management business with primary offices in Australia, the Netherlands, Sweden, and the U.S.
 
In 2011, Saab Sensis commissioned the 35th ASDE-X system for the FAA. ASDE-X combines surface movement radar, multilateration and Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast (ADS-B) surveillance to provide air traffic controllers with highly accurate, real-time position and identification information of aircraft and vehicles on the airport surface.

Saab's Remote Tower is used by Sweden's LFV, who became the world’s first air navigation service provider to manage an airport remotely when it started remote tower services at Örnsköldsvik Airport in 2015.

References

Companies based in Syracuse, New York
Aerospace companies
Greg Parker. Greg Parker (born 1954) is a British physicist. He served as a Professor of Photonics at the University of Southampton. He spent 23 years in research and lecturing.

Career 
He now runs Parker Technology.  His research interests included the design and construction of Ultra High Vacuum (UHV) compatible semiconductor deposition systems, and the design and fabrication of Photonic Crystal circuits and devices. Most recently, he became interested in deep-sky imaging, macrophotography, microphotography, pin-hole camera photography and high-speed flash photography. He is the designer and developer of ultra-high speed Xenon flash equipment. His photographic work is featured on the New Forest Observatory web site.

He has 13 patents on optical devices and circuits and created three successful companies.  His most recent spin-out from Southampton University was Mesophotonics Ltd.

He is constructing the world's most powerful amateur deep-sky imaging system, the mini-WASP imaging array, named after the SuperWASP array built for the Wide Angle Search for Planets.

Publications 
Parker published over 120 refereed journal and conference papers, a textbook on Solid-State Physics, Introductory Semiconductor Device Physics, a "how to" book on astrophotography Making Beautiful Deep-Sky Images and a large format book of deep-sky images taken from the New Forest Observatory, called Star Vistas.

Recognition 
Parker was a Chartered Engineer, a Chartered Physicist, and a Fellow of the Institute of Physics.

References

Academics of the University of Southampton
Fellows of the Institute of Physics
1954 births
Living people
HMS Victoria (1859). HMS Victoria was a 121-gun screw first-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy. She and her sister ship HMS Howe were the first and only British three-decker ships of the line to be designed from the start for screw propulsion, and were the largest wooden battleships of their time. Between 1860 and 1867 Victoria was in active service as flagship of Britain's Mediterranean Fleet under Vice-Admiral Robert Smart. She was paid off in 1867 without ever seeing combat, and was sold for scrap in 1893.

Construction 
With a displacement of 4126 tons burthen she was the world's second largest wooden battleship after her sister ship HMS Howe. She was also the world's second largest warship until the completion of HMS Warrior, Britain's first ironclad battleship, in 1861.

Victoria'''s hull was  long and  wide. She had a medium draught of . Her hull was heavily strapped with diagonal iron riders for extra stability. Victoria was the first British battleship with two funnels.

She was armed with 121 guns (32 8-inch smooth-bore muzzle-loading on the lower gun deck, 30  on the central gun deck, 32 32-pounders on the upper gun deck, 26 32-pounders and one 68-pounder on the upper deck).Victoria was ordered on 6 January 1855, laid down on 1 April 1856 at Portsmouth, and launched on 12 November 1859. She cost a total of £150,578  (equivalent to £ in 2010) and had a complement of 1,000.

During trials in Stokes Bay on 5 July 1860 Victoria reached a top speed of , making her the fastest three decker worldwide, along with the French Bretagne. Her Maudslay engine was powered by 8 boilers and developed 4,403 ihp.

 Naval service 
After completion Victoria was laid up as part of the reserve fleet at Portsmouth from 1860 to 1864.

She first entered active service on 2 November 1864, when she became Flagship of the Mediterranean fleet under Vice-Admiral Robert Smart and Captain James Graham Goodenough (from 1865: Rear-Admiral Lord Clarence Paget, Captain Alan Henry Gardner). Victoria'' was based in Malta until 1867 when she returned home. Her armament had been reduced to 102 guns.

Her last public appearance came at the 1867 Spithead Review and she was paid off on 7 August 1867. She became part of the reserve fleet at Portsmouth again, eventually had her armament reduced to 12 guns, and was sold for scrapping on 31 May 1893 without ever having fired her guns in anger.

References

Bibliography
 Andrew Lambert: "Battleships in Transition" (published by Conway Maritime Press Ltd, 1984), 
 NAVIES IN TRANSITION: The perfecting of the wooden man-of-war in the context of early 19th century international politics. A small guide to surviving and reconstructed 19th century warships from the pre-ironclad era in naval architecture. By Dirk J. Vries
 Battleships-Cruisers Naval History website.

External links
 

Ships of the line of the Royal Navy
1859 ships
Victorian-era ships of the line of the United Kingdom
Bob Kress. Bob Kress (1929–2007) was an American aircraft and aeronautical engineer.

He is specially known for being engineering manager for the project of the Grumman F-14 Tomcat. He joined Grumman in 1951.

He worked on the:

F9F Cougar
XF10F Jaguar swing wing experimental fighter 
F11F-1 Tiger
proposed STOL ASW flying boats
OV-1 Mohawk Observation Aircraft
 design of STOL and VTOL aircraft
 F-111B TFX 
 LM Systems Simulation for the lunar module
 LM Guidance Navigation and Control.
 From the F-14A's inception until 1971, he was the program's engineering manager, after which he was appointed F-14 deputy development program manager.

He can be seen describing the development of the now-retired F-14 into a maneuvering dogfighter on Modern Marvels: F14 DVD, and F-14D Tomcat vs. F/A18 E/F Super Hornet Two experts say the Super Hornet isn't so super By Bob Kress and Rear Adm. Paul Gillcrist, U.S. Navy (Ret.) 

He is credited with the idea of a computer controlled wing sweep mechanism that could be used in combat maneuvering.

References 

1929 births
2007 deaths
American aerospace engineers
20th-century American engineers
Shuttle (video game). Shuttle is a space flight simulator game developed by Vektor Grafix and published by Virgin Games. It was released in 1992 on the IBM PC, Amiga and Atari ST.

Gameplay 

In the game, the players control a Space Shuttle that departs from the Vehicle Assembly Building and returns to Earth at the Shuttle Landing Facility.

The game is organized into missions that emulate the experience of Space Shuttle missions, including launching the Hubble Space Telescope and using the Manned Maneuvering Unit to repair satellites. Players are able to receive optional guidance for completing missions if they are struggling. During the course of the game, instructions are passed to the player through a teleprinter, and when those instructions require the player to use the shuttle controls, a flashing box indicates the appropriate switch or knob to use.

While playing, you can change your camera to point in multiple different camera angles, rather than the standard control panel and external view found in most simulators of the time, including a view that can allow the player can also look out of any of the cockpit windows, including back into the payload bay when retrieving or releasing satellites, and some of the CCTV cameras on the Remote Manipulator System. The developers also provide in-game information and diagrams on each of the major Space Shuttle systems, and the publishers also supplied a game manual and a large poster showing the control panels.

The game was released with numerous bugs and issues, particularly with the autopilot often not working as intended, leading to peculiar re-entry trajectories. 

In earlier versions, the final mission was impossible to complete, due to some of these issues.

Reception
Stanley Trevena from Computer Gaming World applauded the level of detail accomplished in Shuttle, and stated that "Players with an interest in space and hard-core simulation fans alike will blast off into orbit with this new simulation from Virgin." The magazine ran it in their 1992 "Simulation of the year", which ultimately went to Falcon 3.0 by Spectrum Holobyte.

In 1996, Computer Gaming World declared Shuttle the 50th-worst computer game ever released.

See also
Space Shuttle: A Journey into Space (1983)
Project Space Station (1985)
E.S.S. Mega (1991)
Buzz Aldrin's Race Into Space (1993), a US-Soviet Space Race simulator

References

External links

Amiga version Review

1992 video games
Amiga games
Atari ST games
DOS games
Space flight simulator games
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Realistic space simulators
Single-player video games
Vektor Grafix games
2,3-Dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid. 2,3-Dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid (abbreviated DMPS) and its sodium salt (known as Unithiol) are chelating agents that form complexes with various heavy metals. They are related to dimercaprol, which is another chelating agent.

The synthesis of DMPS was first reported in 1956 by V. E. Petrunkin. The effects of DMPS on heavy metal poisoning, including with polonium-210, were investigated in the following years. DMPS was found to have some protective effect, prolonging the survival time.

A study was undertaken of DMPS use by workers involved in the production of a calomel skin bleaching lotion and in direct contact with mercurous chloride and that already showed elevated urine mercury levels. The sodium salt of DMPS was found to be effective in lowering the body burden of mercury and in decreasing the urinary mercury concentration to normal levels.

DMPS administered to a mercury poisoned animal model failed to remove the mercury from tissues and reduce the inorganic mercury burden in the brain, indicating it is not a useful intra-cellular chelation agent. 

A 2008 study reported a case of Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS), a potentially serious disease, in a child undergoing chelation therapy with DMPS; the SJS resolved gradually after the chelation therapy was stopped.

A 2020 study found DMPS to provide some benefits taken orally in mitigating effects from hemotoxic snakebites (using venom from saw-scaled vipers Viperidae Echis) in mouse models when given soon after exposure, suggesting its potential for repurposing as a prehospital treatment. [Albulescu, L.; Hale, M.S.;Ainsworth, S.; Alsolaiss, J.; Crittenden, E.; Calvete, J.J.; Evans, C.; Wilkinson, M.C.; Harrison, R.A.; Kool, J.; Casewell, N.R. (2020). "Preclinical validation of a repurposed metal chelator as an early-intervention therapeutic for hemotoxic snakebite". Science Translational Medicine, Vol 12, Issue 542, 8314 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aay8314]

See also
 Chelation therapy
 Dimercaptosuccinic acid
 EDTA
 Heavy metal poisoning
 Mercury poisoning

References

Chelating agents
Sulfonic acids
Thiols
Antidotes
GE 80-ton switcher. The GE 80-ton switcher is a diesel-electric locomotive model built by GE Transportation Systems. It is classified as a B-B type locomotive. It was designed for industrial and light switching duties around railheads and ports.

Military version 

The military purchased 80-tonners between 1952 and 1953 for use switching railheads around Continental U.S. (CONUS) military facilities. In the 1990s Rail Equipment Division at Tooele Army Depot rebuilt most 80-tonners to have Cummins turbo-charged  6-cylinder engines. The rebuild included a small cosmetic change resulting in end radiator screens and dual headlights. This rebuild gave all Army and some Air Force 80-tonners a much longer lifespan. Less than 27 Army and 5 Air Force 80-tonners are still in service present day. Navy 80-tonners did not undergo this rebuild. Many Navy engines were rebuilt by contracts with locomotive rehab companies.

Heritage Railways
At least ten 80-tonners have been known to be in tourist service. These locomotives resided on the Virginia & Truckee Railroad. The D-1 was acquired in 2003 and was the mainstay of the fleet while the railroad's two steam locomotives were undergoing rebuild. The Valley Railroad in Essex, Connecticut owns six 80-tonners, 0900, 0901, 0902, 0903, 0904,and 0905, for use on the Essex Clipper Dinner Train, as well as for yard switching and work train service. Former US Army 1654 is in regular service at the Rochester and Genesee Valley Railroad Museum as their No. 54, along with Eastman Kodak No. 6. An 80-ton G.E. switcher #7285, built in 1943, is still in operation at the Pacific Southwest Railway Museum in Campo, California in San Diego County on the San Diego & Arizona Railway. 

The Nevada State Railroad Museum Boulder City located in Boulder City, Nevada, has one of the GE 80 tonners that was used at the Nevada Atomic Test site north of Las Vegas in the 1950s on the Jackass and Western Railroad for the nuclear engine development and testing program. US Navy 65-00310 is privately owned and is used on a recreational railroad at the Denton FarmPark in Denton, North Carolina. Former  Center for Transportation and Commerce #1983, built in 1958, is in regular use for weekend trips at the Galveston Railroad Museum. Steam Into History operates an 80 Tonner, Northern Central Railway 32(ex US Army B-1685) regularly on their passenger trains.

80-ton switcher
B-B locomotives
Diesel–electric locomotives of the United States
Standard gauge locomotives of the United States
Shunting locomotives