omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Proteus (watercraft). Proteus is an experimental watercraft developed by Marine Advanced Robotics, Inc. (formerly Marine Advanced Research). It is the first vessel of the wave adaptive modular vessel-type (WAM-V). The vessel was developed by Ugo Conti. Because of its use of four legs connecting the superstructure to the outriggers, the ship has earned the nickname of "The Spider Ship" or "Spider Boat". The unusual design attracted public attention during early trials, before it even had a registration number.

Construction
Proteus is similar in design to a catamaran, in that it uses a twin hull design and no keel. Unlike most catamarans however, the superstructure is not rigidly attached to the hulls. The vessel uses titanium shock absorbers to travel with the waves in the ocean, rather than through them. This method should theoretically allow it to move faster through the water while burning less fuel, however sea trials are yet to be completed. Hogging and sagging should also be reduced as well.

The vessel is  long, while its beam is  allowing for relatively normal initial stability coefficient of 2:1. Its draft fluctuates more than a traditional ship, but at half load it is  at the bow and  at the stern. Because of the ship's limited draft and inflatable hulls it is able to be beached without damage. The ship's bridge, cargo hold and berthing for four are located in the cabin that hangs down from the four legs. The cabin can be lowered into the water  below and can run under its own power. It has been designed this way to allow offshore anchoring of the seadrive section of the craft, while allowing the cabin to be moored in a marina.

The Proteus is constructed of titanium, aluminum and reinforced fabrics. The ship's displacement is 12 tons when carrying its maximum cargo of 2 tons. Its outriggers store the 2,000 gallons of fuel that power the two Cummins Marine Diesel Quantum Series QSB5.9 355 horsepower engines at their sterns.

Press release
On September 7, 2007, Daniel Basta, director of the National Marine Sanctuaries for the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, stated that Proteus is a wave adaptive modular vessel (designed for military uses, biological studies, ocean exploration and sea rescue). It is a lightweight, low cost and modular craft, which can travel  on  of diesel fuel. Proteus will be able to launch and recover crewed or uncrewed vehicles as well as engage in remote vehicle operations. Its first appearance in New York City is the 4th leg of a tour that began in San Francisco in January and will end in Washington, D.C. Ugo Conti (Italian engineer and oceanographer who designed Proteus) and his wife, Isabella Conti, are co-founders of Marine Advanced Robotics, Inc., a Richmond, California-based firm that created the Proteus for $1.5 million. The Proteus has a maximum a speed of 30 knots (34.5 mph).

References

External links
Marine Advanced Robotics, Inc. Website
San Francisco Gate article on the Proteus
San Jose Mercury News article

Experimental ships
Machmeter. A Machmeter is an aircraft pitot-static system flight instrument that
shows the ratio of the true airspeed to the speed of sound, 
a dimensionless quantity called Mach number.  This is shown on a Machmeter as a decimal fraction.
An aircraft flying at the speed of sound is flying
at a Mach number of one, expressed as Mach 1.

Use
As an aircraft in transonic flight approaches the speed of sound, 
it first reaches its critical mach number, where air flowing
over low-pressure areas of its surface locally reaches the
speed of sound, forming shock waves. The indicated airspeed
for this condition changes with ambient temperature, 
which in turn changes with altitude.
Therefore, indicated airspeed is not entirely adequate to
warn the pilot of the impending problems. Mach number is
more useful, and most high-speed aircraft are limited to a maximum operating Mach number, also known as MMO.

For example, if the MMO is Mach 0.83, then at  where the speed of sound under standard conditions is , the true airspeed at MMO is . The speed of sound increases with air temperature, so at Mach 0.83 at  where the air is much warmer than at , the true airspeed at MMO would be .

Operation
Modern electronic Machmeters use information from an air data computer system which makes calculations using inputs from a pitot-static system. Some older mechanical Machmeters use an altitude aneroid and an airspeed capsule which together convert pitot-static pressure into Mach number. The Machmeter suffers from instrument and position errors.

Calibration
In subsonic flow the Mach meter can be calibrated according to:

where:
 is Mach number
qc is impact pressure (dynamic pressure)
 is static pressure
and assuming the ratio of specific heats is 1.4

When a shock wave forms across the pitot tube the required formula is derived from the Rayleigh Supersonic Pitot equation, and is solved iteratively:

where:
 is now total pressure measured behind the normal shock.

Note that the inputs required are total pressure and static pressure. Air temperature input is not required.

See also
 ICAO recommendations on use of the International System of Units
 Airspeed indicator
 Mach number
 Pitot-static system

References

Aircraft instruments
Measuring instruments
Speed sensors
Sikorsky XBLR-3. The Sikorsky XBLR-3 was an experimental bomber design developed by Sikorsky Aircraft to compete in the United States Army Air Corps "Project D" design competition of 1935. In March 1936 the USAAC canceled the Sikorsky XBLR-3 in favor of the remaining two competitors: the Boeing XBLR-1 (Later XB-15) and the Douglas XBLR-2 (Later XB-19). The XBLR-3 was one of the last fixed wing aircraft designed by the Sikorsky company.

Design and development 
The Sikorsky XBLR-3 was powered four 1600 hp 24 cylinder Allison V-3420 engine driving one 4.57m diameter metal adjustable propeller each. The Allison V-3420 engine was specified for all three entries in the 1935 "Project D" competition.

Details of the Sikorsky XBLR-3's armament are not known, however a rotating dorsally-mounted Ball turret was included in the preliminary wooden model, and bombs of unknown parameters can be assumed to be included in the design perimeters.

Specifications

Size 
Span: 62.45m (204.9 ft)

Length: 36.58m (120 ft)

Height: 10.67m (35 ft)

Mass 
Takeoff Weight: 54,422Kg (120,000 lb.)

Performance 
Top Speed: 355 km/h (221 mph / 192 knots)

Cruising Speed: 205km/h (127 mph / 111 knots)

Maximum Range: 12,312km (7,652 mi. / 6,648 nm)

Flight Endurance: 62 hours

References

BLR-3
Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United States
Four-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Four-engined piston aircraft
DR37-P. The DR37-P is an HDR monitor produced by BrightSide Technologies Inc. in 2005. It makes use of what BrightSide calls Individually Modulated LED (IMLED) technology. The targeted customers are industries like medical, CAD, film post-production, geophysical data or satellite imaging.

References

External links
 Review at bit-tech website

Computer output devices
Products introduced in 2005
Georges Charpy. Augustin Georges  Albert Charpy (1 September 1865 – 25 November 1945) was the French scientist who created the Charpy impact test. He attended École Polytechnique from 1885 to 1887 and graduated with a degree in Marine Artillery. In 1887 he became a professor at École Monge. In 1892 he published his physics thesis. In 1920 he became a professor of metallurgy at École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris. In 1922 he became the professor of general chemistry at École Polytechnique. He died of a heart attack in Paris, France.

References 
 

1865 births
1945 deaths
People from Oullins
French metallurgists
Members of the French Academy of Sciences
École Polytechnique alumni
Mines Paris - PSL alumni
FC-75. FC-75 is a fluorocarbon derivative of tetrahydrofuran with the chemical formula C8F16O. It is practically insoluble in water.

It is one of the 3M Fluorinert fluids. It is used as an inert coolant fluid in electronics and other applications, and as a solvent. FC-75 can be synthesized by the same electrochemical fluorination process used to produce PFOA. However, other perfluorinated ether isomers will also result.
H(CH2)7COCl + HF → H(CH2)7COF + C7H16 + 2C8F16O + HCl + H2

A similar fluorocarbon-based coolant and solvent is perfluorohexane.

References

Coolants
Liquid dielectrics
Halogenated solvents
Perfluorinated compounds
Tetrahydrofurans
Env (disambiguation). Env or ENV may refer to:

Biology 
 Env (gene), a viral envelope

Devices 
 ENV, a hydrogen motorcycle
 LG enV (VX9900), a Verizon cellular phone
 General Motors EN-V, an electric autonomous vehicle with cabin on two wheels

Entities 
 IATA code for Wendover Airport
 E.N.V. Motor Syndicate, an early Anglo-French aircraft engine company
 Education for Nature - Vietnam, a Vietnamese wildlife protection NGO

Software 
 env, a Unix shell utility
Turtle (robot). Turtles are a class of educational robots designed originally in the late 1940s (largely under the auspices of researcher William Grey Walter) and used in computer science and mechanical engineering training. These devices are traditionally built low to the ground with a roughly hemispheric (sometimes transparent) shell and a power train capable of a very small turning radius. The robots are often equipped with sensor devices that aid in avoiding obstacles and, if the robot is sufficiently sophisticated, allow it some perception of its environment. Turtle robots are commercially available and are common projects for robotics hobbyists. 

Turtle robots are closely associated with the work of Seymour Papert and the common use of the Logo programming language in computer education of the 1980s. Turtles specifically designed for use with Logo systems often come with pen mechanisms allowing the programmer to create a design on a large sheet of paper. The original Logo turtle, built by Paul Wexelblat at BBN, was named "Irving" and was demonstrated at the former Muzzey Junior High in Lexington, Massachusetts. "Irving" contained bump sensors and could give audio feedback with a bell. The development of the robotic Logo turtle led to the use of the term to describe the cursor in video screen implementations of the language and its turtle graphics package.

See also 

 BEAM robotics, the branch of robotics pioneered in part by William Grey Walter , specializing in autonomous devices using simple analog control systems
 iRobot Create and its predecessor Roomba, turtle-like robots originally designed for domestic use
 Player Project, a free robotics suite.
 Curses (computer game), an interactive fiction game by Graham Nelson that includes a voice-operated turtle in one of its more difficult puzzles
 Unicycle cart, for a mathematical model of the dynamics of a turtle robot

References

External links
The Story of Turtle Robots in Pictures.
Articles about Turtle and Roamer robots.
Photo gallery of Walter's original turtles and a Lego-based replica
Pictures and information about early UK analog turtle designs from the Bristol Robotics Laboratory
A Logo Primer or Whats with the Turtles Logo Foundation.

Historical robots
Hobbyist robots
Educational robots
1940s robots
Robots of the United States
Three-wheeled robots
Glenn Messer. Glenn Edmund Messer (July 12, 1895 – June 13, 1995) was an American aviation pioneer, responsible for major advances in the use and modification of existing aircraft and in the design and construction of aircraft and aircraft instruments.

Biography
He was born in Henry County, Iowa, on July 12, 1895.

He began his flying career by taking lessons on a Wright biplane from aviator George Gustafson in Bay City, Michigan. He and fellow pilot Jack Turner completed a successful demonstration U. S. Air Mail flight from Birmingham's Roberts Field to Marr Field in Chattanooga, Tennessee, on March 24, 1925, under a temporary commission. Messer recreated that flight on its 50th anniversary in 1975.

Messer operated Birmingham Municipal Airport in Birmingham, Alabama, with Edward Stinson. He later operated Messer Field. In 1927 he started the Southern Aircraft Corporation which designed and built the Air Boss. He later started The Glenn E. Messer Company of Birmingham.

He died on June 13, 1995, in Birmingham, Alabama.

Legacy

The highway from 5th Avenue North in downtown Birmingham to the airport was named the Glenn E. Messer Airport Highway in his honor. In 1991 he was inducted into the Georgia Aviation Hall of Fame.

Timeline
 1911 - takes first flying lessons
 1917 - joins the Aviation Section of Signal Corps
 1919 - flyer on new airmail route from Washington, D.C. to New York, NY
 1920 - starts Messer Flying Circus (Phoebe Fairgrave Omlie soon joins)
 1922 - starts Birmingham Aero Club to sell airplanes
 1925 - organizes company to sell Dim-A-Lite products
 1927 - starts Southern Aircraft Corporation (Messer Aeronautical Industries Inc.)
 1932 - starts The Glenn E. Messer Company
 1965 - The Glenn E. Messer Company, Inc. begins instrument repair operation in Woodlawn
 1976 - forms Southern Museum of Flight Foundation

References

Further reading
 Morehouse, Harold E. (July 1995) "Glenn E. Messer: Pioneer Mid-West Aviator." Early Bird's CHIRP. No. 96
 Wilson, George Tipton. "The Flying Omlies." Aviation History Magazine.

Members of the Early Birds of Aviation
1895 births
1995 deaths
People from Birmingham, Alabama
Aviators from Alabama
People from Henry County, Iowa
Aviators from Iowa
Douglas R4D-3 N763A. Former United States Army Air Force aircraft serial number 41-20124 is a World War II era fully restored Douglas DC-3, owned by a private party and based at Marathon Key, FL.  Civil registered as N763A the aircraft has also been operated by the United States Navy with the designation R4D-3 and serial number 05078. The aircraft has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since August 1, 1996.

Manufacture
While this specific C-53 rolled off the assembly line on March 11, 1942, it is one example of 399 such aircraft manufactured by Douglas Aircraft Company of Santa Monica, California. The aircraft was immediately transferred to the US Navy and operated with VU-1 as an R4D-1.

The aircraft model, known officially as the "Skytrooper," was produced for the U.S. Army Air Force as a passenger and light cargo craft prior to and during World War II.

Notes

Bloomington–Normal
National Register of Historic Places in McLean County, Illinois
Individual aircraft
Aircraft on the National Register of Historic Places
National Register of Historic Places in Illinois
Training (civil). Training or entrance training refers to coastal structures built to constrain a river discharging across a littoral coast so that it discharges only where desired. Untrained entrances on sandy coasts tend to move widely and violently to discharge into the ocean, often upsetting those enjoying land nearby. With many cities (and buildings) constructed close to rivers, such management has historically been considered a necessary course of action, even though ecologically, non-intervention would be better and more sustainable.

A trained entrance often consists of rock walls that force the water into a deeper more stable channel. Trained entrances can provide better navigation, water quality and flood mitigation services, but can also cause beach erosion due to their interruption of longshore drift. One solution is the installation of a sand bypass system across the trained entrance.

Training is also used on mountainous rivers and streams, and ensures that a fast-flowing river is reduced in violence (and hence erosive capability), usually by the use of weirs and other structures like gabions. In many countries, gabion stepped weirs are commonly used for river training and flood control; the stepped design enhances the rate of energy dissipation in the channel, and it is particularly well-suited to the construction of gabion stepped weirs.

References

Coastal construction
Hydraulic engineering
Coastal geography
Seas (disambiguation). Seas include marginal seas, areas of water, various gulfs, bights, bays, and straits.

Seas or SEAS may also refer to:

 Seas, a type of wind wave that develops over time
 SEAS, the ticker symbol for SeaWorld Entertainment at the New York Stock Exchange

Schools
 School of Engineering and Applied Science (disambiguation), the name of several engineering schools at universities in the United States
School of English and American Studies, an institute at the Eötvös Loránd University

Science and technology
Shipboard Environmental (data) Acquisition System, a program developed by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to provide accurate meteorological and oceanographic data in real time from ships at sea through the use of satellite data transmission techniques
Synthetic Environment for Analysis and Simulations

Other
Special Envoy for Monitoring and Combating anti-Semitism
Insulated Cable Engineers Association. Formed in the United States in 1925, the Insulated Cables Engineers Association, Inc. (ICEA), is a not-for profit professional association. In conjunction with other organizations like NEMA and ANSI, it produces technical standards for the manufacture and use of power cable, data, and control cable. It was founded as the Insulated Power Cables Engineers Association, but changed names to reflect their full range of activities.

References

External links
ICEA Homepage
IHS Database of ICEA documents

Telecommunications engineering
Cables
Organizations established in 1925
1925 establishments in the United States
Unipolar. Unipolar may refer to:

Electronics
 Unipolar generator, a DC electrical generator
 Unipolar motor, a type of small DC electric motor
 Unipolar transistor, transistors that involve single-carrier-type operation

Science and medicine
 Unipolar depression or major depressive disorder
Unipolar mania, an uncommon mental disorder that causes manic episodes without any history of depression 
 Unipolar neuron, a neuron with a single neurite

Other uses
 Unipolar encoding, a line code
 Unipolarity, a distribution of power in international relations in which one state exercises most of the cultural, economic, and military influence
Winradio. Winradio (stylized WiNRADiO) is the brand name for the radio communication equipment and the name of the commercial division of Radixon Group in Melbourne, Australia, a subsidiary of Robotron Group. It includes computer-based radio receivers, software, antennas and accessories for software-defined radio.

This trading name was adopted as a result of market success of the company's first product, the "WinRadio Card". This was an ISA bus card which transformed a Windows-based computer into a wide-coverage communications receiver, making it possible to receive point-to-point communications (ham radio, utilities, police, space research, etc.) on an ordinary personal computer.

The company also acts as official distributor of the DRM (Digital Radio Mondiale) demodulator/decoder software, a result of the collaborative project between VT Merlin Communications, Fraunhofer Institute Integrierte Schaltungen (Integrated Circuits) and Coding Technologies.

Apart from general-purpose radio, some unusual applications of WiNRADiO receivers have been reported, such as in radio astronomy or search for extraterrestrial intelligence. The Adelaide Hills Radio Telescope (radio astronomy) uses WiNRADiO equipment and software .

WiNRADiO receivers are also reportedly applied in audio engineering for stage performances, in particular for spectrum analysis of wireless microphones.

Despite the Windows-affiliation implied by the name, the WiNRADiO receivers are also available for Macintosh. A set of Linux development tools for most WiNRADiO models ("LinRadio"), has also been developed and is available at www.linradio.com.

References

External links
 

Australian brands
Electronics companies established in 1991
Australian companies established in 1991
Manufacturing companies based in Melbourne
Amateur radio companies
Electronics companies of Australia
SZD-36 Cobra 15. The SZD-36 Cobra was a glider designed and produced in Poland from 1968.

Development
The SZD-36 was the penultimate iteration of the SZD-24 Foka, with improved construction techniques and materials and many detail changes over the Foka 5. The aircraft was designed especially for the 1970 World Gliding Championships at Marfa, Texas, where J. Wroblewski took 2nd and F. Kępka took 3rd places in the Standard Class behind a Rolladen-Schneider LS1. The Cobra also proved popular with ordinary pilots resulting in a long production run of 290, of which 215 were exported.

To compete in the Open class at Marfa in 1970, W. Okramus and M. Mikuszewski developed a 17m span version as the SZD-39 Cobra 17, which took 5th place flown by Edward Makula.

Construction was predominantly of wood with plywood skinned semi-monocoque fuselage, thick skinned built up wings, and fibreglass cockpit shell. With high g limits, high Vne and effective speed limiting air-brakes on the upper surface of the wings, the SZD-36 Cobra is popular as an aerobatic machine. There have been cases of catastrophic structural failure due to incorrect wing attachment, caused ultimately by worn parts in the attachment assemblies.

Safety Concern

Following a fatal accident due to failure of the wing attachment mechanism in 2007   and another fatality with a glider with similar assembly mechanism, the British Gliding Association has issued a Safety Alert for owners of Cobra gliders.

Variants
SZD-36 Cobra
Developed from the SZD-32A Foka 5, a 15m Standard Class sailplane developed for the 1970 World championships. 290 built
SZD-39 Cobra 17
A 17m span version of the Cobra developed for the 1970 World Gliding Championships in the Open Class, first flown on 17 March 1970. Two were built.

Specifications (SZD-36 Cobra)

References

Citations

Bibliography

1960s Polish sailplanes
SZD36
SZD aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1969
Manikya Lal Verma Textile and Engineering College. Manikya Lal Verma Govt. Textile and Engineering College (previously known as Manikya Lal Verma Textile Institute or MLVTI) is an autonomous engineering institute of the government of Rajasthan managed by Manikya Lal Verma Textile Institute society in Bhilwara, Rajasthan, India.

History
Originally, MLVTEC was a polytechnic college as the joint venture of the government of Rajasthan and the Bhilwara group of industries (now known as the LNJ Bhilwara group). It was upgraded to a full engineering institute in 1988. The goal of the institute was to produce textile technocrats to fulfill the industrial demand of Bhilwara. In 1994, the college added the Textile Chemistry discipline. Currently, the institute is producing 200 textile engineers per class year.

In 2001, the college added an engineering degree in Information Technology. It added an Electronics and Communication Engineering degree in 2003. The expansion in IT-related fields was due to added focus on these subject areas from the government. Additionally, expansion allowed the physical resources of the college to be better used.

Further continuing the expansion mode two new engineering degrees, Textile Engineering in 2006 and Mechanical Engineering in 2007, were added by the college.

The college has fully fledged Wi-Fi campus. Apart from that college provides industrial tours, seminars from dignitaries. The college has separate hostel for both boys and girls. The college celebrated its silver jubilee on 15 November 2014 in a gala manner.

Industrial services 

The institute provides services for the industry, including:
 Consultancy services to solve technical problems.
 Commercial testing of textile materials like fibers, yarns, fabrics, dyes and chemicals, etc.
 Project preparation and appraisal.
 Computer equipment services like computer aided designing (CAD), computer color matching (CCM), etc.
 Organizing short-term courses.
 Preparation of yarn and fabric samples, etc.
 Production on various machines.
 In plant training program for managerial staff supervisor and workers.

References 

Colleges in Rajasthan
Bhilwara
Textile schools in India