omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Electric water boiler. An electric water boiler, also called a thermo pot or tea urn in British English, is a consumer electronics small appliance used for boiling water and maintaining it at a constant temperature in an enclosed reservoir.  It is typically used to provide an immediate source of hot water for making tea, hot chocolate, coffee, instant noodles, or baby formula, or for any other household use where clean hot water is required. They are a common component of Japanese kitchens and the kitchens of many East Asian countries but are found in varying use globally. Smaller units are portable. Some thermo pots are designed with a feature that can purify water.

Components
An electric water boiler is a device comprising a water reservoir equipped with a heating element positioned at the bottom. While some models offer the convenience of multiple temperature settings, others are integrated into larger water systems capable of boiling water and dispensing it in various forms: hot, cold, or lukewarm. Dispensing methods vary and can include pouring, utilizing an electric pump, or pressing a large button that acts as a diaphragm pump. Additionally, electric water boilers are typically equipped with a built-in thermostat that senses when the water has reached its boiling point of 100 °C (212 °F), automatically shutting off to prevent overheating.

Sedimentation
Sedimentation refers to the gradual accumulation of natural minerals within the water reservoir, typically found in trace amounts in municipal water mains. These minerals, predominantly calcium carbonate, tend to settle at the bottom of the reservoir as the water is heated. Over time, this sediment buildup can lead to several issues. Firstly, it can generate various noises within gas boilers due to the disturbance caused by the sediment. Additionally, the accumulation can impair the efficiency of the unit, as the sediment acts as an insulating layer, hindering the transfer of heat. Moreover, the presence of sediment can result in the development of an unpleasant sulfur or rotten-egg smell in the water.

To address sediment buildup in electric water boilers, descaling agents such as vinegar or citric acid are commonly used. These substances effectively dissolve and remove the accumulated minerals, restoring the boiler's performance and eliminating any associated odors.

Uses 
Some electric water boiler models enable tea to be steeped at a desired, adjustable temperature.

See also
 Samovar
 Electric kettle
 Electric steam boiler
 Immersion heater
 Instant hot water dispenser
 Thermoelectricity
 Joule heating

References

Further reading
 Retrieved on 2014-03-25.Ashby, M. F. (2012-03-28). Materials and the Environment: Eco-informed Material Choice. Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 198–199. ISBN 978-0-12-385971-6.

External links

Home appliances
Boilers (cookware)
Tiger Corporation. Tiger Corporation () is a Japanese manufacturer that applies vacuum insulation and heat control technology to consumer electronic appliances. Their headquarters are located in Kadoma City in Osaka, Japan. The company manufactures and sells appliances such as household and commercial vacuum insulated containers and stainless-steel bottles, along with cooking appliances such as rice cookers. The company also manufactures industrial parts and products used in automobiles, homes, air conditioners, space, and medical care in 60 countries around the world.

In 2018, Tiger Corporation collaborated with Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) on jointly developing a “Double-Layered Vacuum Insulation Container,” a small collection capsule. It has successfully re-entered Earth’s atmosphere without harming the experimental samples from the International Space Station (ISS), opening a new plan for taking samples from space.

History
The company was founded in February 1923 as Kikuchi Manufacturing Company in Nishi-ku, Osaka and manufactured Tiger brand vacuum flasks.  In 1953, the company's name was changed to Tiger Vacuum Bottle Ind, Co., Ltd., and in 1983 to Tiger Vacuum Bottle Co., Ltd., and from 1999 to its present name, Tiger Magic-jar Corporation.

In 1923, Tiger Corporation was established in Osaka by Takenori Kikuchi.

At the time, most vacuum bottles were made of glass and very fragile. With much trial and error, Takenori thought of placing a layer of cardboard between the inner and outer containers to protect the glass.
When Japan suffered the Great Kanto Earthquake also in 1923, only Tiger vacuum bottles remained intact among the different products on shop shelves.

Tiger’s thermos bottle technology was also used in space experiments. Tiger was in charge of the development of vacuum double insulated containers storing precious space experiment samples in a HTV Small Re-entry Capsule (developed for installation in the space station refueling machine Kounotori 7) bringing supplies from the International Space Station (ISS) to the Earth.

On November 11, 2018, the HTV Small Re-entry Capsule returned to the Earth withstanding the strong impact during landing while keeping the experimental samples from the International Space Station at about 4°C.

Products
, Tiger produces and markets rice cookers, vacuum flasks (thermoses), electric barbecue grills, insulated jugs, insulated lunch boxes, ice buckets (pails), electric mochi makers, mochi cutters, and air purifiers with ionizers.

References

External links

Tiger Worldwide corporate website 

Home appliance brands
Home appliance manufacturers of Japan
Manufacturing companies established in 1923
Companies based in Osaka Prefecture
Multinational companies headquartered in Japan
Japanese companies established in 1923
Japanese brands
Vacuum flasks
Kadoma, Osaka
Easytronic. Easytronic is the Opel tradename for a type of transaxle-based automated manual transmission, as used in some Opel/Vauxhall cars.

Easytronic is not a tiptronic gearbox design; it does not have a torque converter. It is fundamentally a conventional manual transmission, with a single-plate dry clutch. The transmission is controlled by an electronic control unit (ECU).

The Easytronic is generally used in smaller modern front-wheel drive cars, including the Corsa 1.0 & 1.2 & 1.3D, Tigra 1.4 90 ps, Meriva 1.6 & 1.8, Astra 1.4 & 1.6, Zafira 1.8 140 ps and Vectra/Signum 1.8 140 ps.

The Easytronic transmission is manufactured for Adam Opel AG by ZF Friedrichshafen AG.

The Easytronic system allows for a computer to assume control of the manual gearbox and clutch via electromechanical means. As of Easytronic 3.0, the gearbox can be operated in either fully-automatic or sequential semi-automatic mode. In the former, the car behaves much like a traditional automatic transmission, selecting gears with no driver input; in the latter, the gears can be selected sequentially (using the gear select lever) by the driver. It also offers a traditional automatic-like 'creep' mode for low-speed maneuvering.

Opel's Easytronic is advertised as a low-cost alternative to a traditional automatic transmission for city drivers.

See also
 List of GM transmissions
 List of ZF transmissions

References

External links
 

Automotive transmission technologies
Automatic transmission tradenames
General Motors transmissions
Cubana de Aviación Flight 493. Cubana de Aviación Flight 493, registration  was a Douglas DC-4 en route from Miami, Florida, to Havana, Cuba, on April 25, 1951. A US Navy Beechcraft SNB-1 Kansan, BuNo 39939, was on an instrument training flight in the vicinity of Naval Air Station Key West, Florida, at the same time. The two aircraft collided in mid-air over Key West, killing all 43 aboard both aircraft.

Flight history

Flight 493 departed Miami at 11:09 a.m. that day and was cleared to climb to 4,000 feet on a direct heading to Key West. Approximately ten minutes later, the SNB-1 took off from Key West NAS for simulated instrument training. Although the flight was not cleared to a specific altitude or heading, standard instrument training procedures were in place. At 11:49 a.m. Flight 493, heading south, and the SNB-1, heading west, collided over the Key West NAS at an estimated altitude of 4,000 feet.

Investigation

Civil Aeronautics Authority (CAA) investigators determined that there were no mechanical problems with either aircraft. Both were operating under visual flight rules, as the weather at the time of the crash was clear and calm. The probable cause of the accident was given by the CAA as a failure on the parts of both air crews to exercise due vigilance in looking for and avoiding conflicting traffic. The CAA also called for a review of air traffic control procedures.

See also

 Aviation safety
 Cubana de Aviación accidents and incidents
 List of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft

External links and references
 Civil Aeronautics Board Aircraft Accident Report on the collision (Archive)
 
  (plaintext)

 (plaintext)

  (plaintext)

Airliner accidents and incidents in Florida
Aviation accidents and incidents in the United States in 1951
Mid-air collisions involving airliners
Mid-air collisions involving military aircraft
Mid-air collisions in the United States
Accidents and incidents involving the Douglas DC-4
Accidents and incidents involving the Beechcraft Model 18
493
Cuba–United States relations
History of Key West, Florida
1951 in Florida
April 1951 in the United States
Ringgit Operations Monitoring System. Ringgit Operations Monitoring System (ROMS) is a large-value foreign exchange transaction reporting system owned and operated by Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM), the central bank of Malaysia. It automates a major part of compliance reporting between Authorised Dealers (who are licensed FX intermediaries) and Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM).

ROMS is built using web-based technology and runs on a web browser on a PC workstation to minimise cost, ease maintenance and establish a user-friendly interface.

Data security is implemented by using a secure private broadband network between BNM and financial institutions. This network is called FINET. ROMS is not deployed over the Internet.
FINET in turn, runs over COINS, a nationwide enterprise level data network operated by Telekom Malaysia, the national telecommunication provider. Users are authenticated via a password challenge-response process, IP address registration and digital certificates.

Reporting financial institutions are required to report all wholesale FX transactions above USD $1 million on trade date basis.

The daily system start-up time for ROMS is at 8:00 a.m. while the system cut-off time for the submission via ROMS is at 5:00 p.m. 
Any extension on the system cut-off time is at BNM's discretion based on the financial institution (FI) or authorised dealer (AD) request; however, the authorised dealer will be charged a specific fine in order to do so.

If a failure to submit all transaction reports occurs on the same day into the ROMS system, BNM will impose a fine to the specific AD as a penalty.

Other FX transactions below USD $1 million and above RM 50,000 are recorded on a lagged basis but must be within the fortnightly reporting period (before the 15th and end-of-month).

Transactions 
There are three main transaction types inside ROMS which are:

1. Swap

2. Forex

3. Third currency

By the end of day after system closing time, 
the ROMS manager or the system administrator processes all transactions recorded for the day and extracts them from the ROMS system.
Following that, the data is calculated using three type of calculation formats, which are:

 High and low transaction
 High and low rate summary
 High and low transaction full

Afterwards, the data taken from ROMS is submitted to the BNM portal where it is combined with other data from another Foreign Exchange Administration (FEA)  system to calculate the exchange rate for that day; the final result is posted on the BNM websites under these following sections:

1. Exchange rates 

2. USD/MYR interbank intraday rate

3. Daily FX turnover 

4. Interbank swap

References

Economy of Malaysia
VL Paarma. VL Paarma (English: Gadfly) was a Finnish biplane, two-seat trainer aircraft, designed by the State Aircraft Factory (Valtion Lentokonetehdas) for use with the Finnish Air Force.

Design and development
A prototype was constructed in 1930–31 and made its maiden flight on 20 March 1931. The aircraft was, however, under-powered, and the flight characteristics were poor. Suggestions for improvements were made and the engine was replaced by a higher-powered one. The aircraft was damaged in 1933, but was never repaired.

Specifications (Paarma)

References

1930s Finnish military aircraft
Teleavia. Teleavia was a French manufacturer of televisions in the mid-20th century, it was created by aviation company "Sud Aviation" as a diversification operation to employ redundant workforce. It was later absorbed by Thomson SA.

The brand was best known for the innovative television set designs created by the French designer Roger Tallon in the 1950s and 1960s. The 1968 edition, known as the Portavia 111, was the year's most photographed appliance.

Tallon later said, in explanation of the trademark's success and longevity: "It was the first time the shape, the function and the material absolutely intertwined".

The brand's motto, from 1963, was "TELEAVIA, design also matters".

References

Television technology
VL Tuisku. The VL Tuisku (English: Blizzard or Snowstorm) was a Finnish trainer aircraft designed in the 1930s. It was a two-seat, single-engined biplane with a welded steel framework, covered with fabric. 30 were produced for the Finnish Air Force and served from 1935 to 1949.

Design and development
Arvo Ylinen, who was the chief designer at the State Aircraft Factory (Valtion lentokonetehdas, abbreviated VL) led a project to create a new trainer aircraft for the Finnish Air Force. A prototype was built in 1933 and it was first flown on January 10, 1934 by lieutenant U.E. Mäkelä. Series production began one year later in 1935 - 30 aircraft were built over a period of two years.

Operational history
Three different versions of the aircraft were made: a maritime, a pilot training and a reconnaissance training version. Examples were attached to all Finnish Air Force squadrons until 1949, with the identification codes TU-149 to TU-179.

The FAF ordered 12 planes in February 1935, eight with wheels and four with floats. Secondary school graduates also bought one Tuisku for the FAF, and all 13 were completed by September 1936. 16 more were ordered in February 1936: 12 with wheels and four with floats. All Tuiskus were given wheels from November 1939 onwards. They were used by the Lentosotakoulu (Training Air Wing) as trainers and by replenishment squadrons in other roles. Five Tuiskus were retired after the Second World War, while 16 continued to serve as liaison aircraft, but by 1948 only two flyable examples were left. The final official flight was officially made in late January 1950, but later there were some unofficial flights. The aircraft were removed from the FAF inventory in December 1952.

11 Tuiskus were destroyed in accidents, resulting in 8 deaths.

Aircraft on display
One Tuisku, named "Sokeri-Sirkku" (TU-178) is preserved and on display at the air museum in Vantaa. The fuselage of TU-169 is preserved in the museum's storage facilities. A Tuisku is also on display in front of the old State Aircraft Factory in Tampere.

Variants
Tuisku Prototype.
Tuisku I Initial production version.
Tuisku II Improved version, fitted with a 215-hp (160-kW) Armstrong Siddeley Lynx radial piston engine.
Tuisku/TThe crew training version fitted with armament, including a manually aimed machine gun on a Scarff ring in the rear cockpit.
Tuisku/OThe pilot training fitted with dual controls in front and rear cockpits.

Operators
Finnish Air Force

Specifications (Landplane)

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

1930s Finnish military reconnaissance aircraft
Valmet aircraft
1930s Finnish military trainer aircraft
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
VL Viima. VL Viima, constructed by the State Aircraft Factory ( or VL)  is a Finnish two-seat, biplane trainer used by the Finnish Air Force from the late 1930s to the early 1960s. After military service, several were released into civil use.

Design
The Viima II is a single engined, tandem seater biplane. Viima means Gale in English.  Post war, VL was eventually absorbed into Valmet, so the aircraft is often referred to as the Valmet Viima. It has unequal span, staggered single bay wings built around two box spars with plywood ribs. The interplane struts are N-shaped.  The wings are fabric covered and carry four ailerons in all; the upper and lower ailerons are externally linked.

The fuselage and tail unit are constructed of chrome-molybdenum steel and are fabric covered.  The tailplane, mounted on top of the fuselage, is wire braced to the small triangular fin.  Both the fin and the tailplane are adjustable when on ground.  The deep, wide chord rudder reaches to the bottom of the fuselage between the divided elevators.  The rudder carries a trim tab and the elevators a Flettner flap.

The cockpits are close together, the forward one is at mid-chord with a cut-out in the upper wing to enhance visibility. Dual controls are fitted.  The undercarriage is of the split axle type, with the faired main legs attached to the fuselage forward of the wings and braced by rearward struts.  It uses low pressure tyres and rubber in compression springing. A tailwheel is fitted. The Viima is powered by an uncowled Siemens-Halske Sh 14 radial engine.

All Viimas of the Finnish Air Force were fitted with a framed cockpit in 1950s.

Operational history
24 Viimas served with the Finnish Air Force until the early 1960s. Most were then sold to civilian use, with 14 appearing on the Finnish aircraft register.

Versions

Viima I was a prototype aircraft, of which two aircraft were made. The third Viima I was the first aircraft of the series production version.

Viima II was the series production version of the trainer aircraft. 20 aircraft were built for the FAF. Another two were delivered to the Finnish Air Defence Guild.

Viima IIB was powered by a de Havilland Gipsy Major.

Operators
 
 Finnish Air Force

Survivors
There are two Viimas on display in Finland, one in Finnish Aviation Museum in Vantaa (VI-23/OH-VII) and second one in Härmälä, Tampere (VI-1).

One airworthy Finnish Viima was sold first to England and from there to Belgium in the autumn of 2006.

Two Viimas are listed on a national register as airworthy as of 1 Jan 2014, OH-VIF (VI-17) and D-EVVI (VI-3) in Finland and Germany, respectively. D-EVVI was offered for sale at airport "ETSA" in December 2014 through planecheck.com

June 2015 .D-EVVI (VI-3) now re-registered and flying in Finland as OH-VIG.

Specifications (VL Viima II)

Notes

References

Biplanes
1930s Finnish military aircraft
Trainer aircraft
Web Services Distributed Management. Web Services Distributed Management (WSDM, pronounced wisdom) is a web service standard for managing and monitoring the status of other services.

The goal of WSDM is to allow a well-defined network protocol for controlling any other service that is WSDM-compliant.  For example, a third-party digital dashboard or network management system could be used to monitor the status or performance of other services, and potentially take corrective actions to restart services if failures occur.  Some aspects of WSDM overlap or displace functionality of SNMP.

Specifications
WSDM 1.0 was approved as an OASIS standard on March 9, 2005.  The approval of the WSDM 1.1 specification occurred on September 7, 2006.

WSDM consists of two specifications:

Management Using Web Services (MUWS) — WSDM MUWS defines how to represent and access the manageability interfaces of resources as Web services. It defines a basic set of manageability capabilities, such as resource identity, metrics, configuration, and relationships, which can be composed to express the capability of the management instrumentation. WSDM MUWS also provides a standard management event format to improve interoperability and correlation.
Management Of Web Services (MOWS) — WSDM MOWS defines how to manage Web services as resources and how to describe and access that manageability using MUWS. MOWS provides mechanisms and methodologies that enable manageable Web services applications to interoperate across enterprise and organizational boundaries.

See also
OASIS (organization) (Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards)

References

External links
OASIS WSDM Page.

Web standards
Web services
Grid computing
Internet properties established in 2005
VL Pyry. VL Pyry (Finnish language for blizzard) was a Finnish low-winged, two-seated fighter trainer aircraft, built by the State Aircraft Factory (Valtion lentokonetehdas) for use with the Finnish Air Force. The Pyry was in use from 1939 to 1962. The aircraft was a mixed construction of wood, steel, fabric, and duraluminium.

History
In 1937 a prototype, the VL Pyry I, with the identification number PY-1, was ordered by the Finnish Air Force. It was designed by Martti Vainio, Torsti Verkkola, and Edward Wegelius, with Arvo Ylinen being the chief designer. The PY-1s first flight was on 29 March, 1939. 40 aircraft were ordered in May of 1940 and were delivered in 1941. They were given the name VL Pyry II, with the ID designations of PY2-PY41. The Air Force School in Kauhava was the first unit to receive the new aircraft. Around 700 pilots were trained in the aircraft and the type accumulated over 56,000 flying hours over a service life of 20 years. PY-1 and PY-27 made the final official flights of this series in Härmälä on 7 September 1962.

The plane was tricky to fly, and shown to be unstable and prone to wingtip stalls. In an attempt to fix the wingtip stall issue, four Pyrys (PY-1, -24, -32 and -37) were equipped with trapezoidal wings, as well as serving to test these structures for the VL Myrsky. While these new wings did reduce the risk of stalls, they made the aircraft even more unstable than before. In 1942 all planes were grounded to fix a problem with horizontal stabilizer struts breaking, and the original struts were replaced with V struts, resulting in a more tail-heavy aircraft. To improve stability, the engine mount was lengthened by 16.5cm in 1944, but it was still a difficult plane to fly for inexperienced pilots. It was said if a cadet learned to fly on Pyry, he would later master just any kind of aircraft.

There were 28 accidents of VL Pyry. All together 27 pilots died. The first accident was on 15 June 1941 in Hyvinkää. Pilot Kauno Osmo Meriluoto died. 

The aircraft's final flights were made by PY-1 and PY-27 September 6, 1962.

Surviving aircraft
 The PY-1 prototype can be found at the Kauhava Aircraft Park.
 PY-27 is at the Finnish Aviation Museum in Vantaa.
 PY-35 at the Finnish Air Force Museum in Tikkakoski. 
 The remains of PY-5 are at the Finnish Air Force Museum in Tikkakoski.
 The remains of PY-26 are at the Päijänne Tavastia Aviation Museum in Asikkala.

Operators
Finnish Air Force

Specifications (VL Pyry II)

References

External links

1940s Finnish military aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1939
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
Pyry