omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Informatics Society of Iran. The Informatics Society of Iran (Persian: انجمن انفورماتیک ایران) is a non-profit organization established in Tehran in September 1978. Its primary objective is to promote the proper application of informatics and to advance the level of computer science knowledge within Iran.

With over 45 years of activity, the Informatics Society of Iran is considered the oldest scientific association related to computer science and engineering in the country. It has consistently been recognized by the Commission of Scientific Associations of the Ministry of Science, Research, and Technology as one of Iran's most active scientific associations.

Objectives 
The main objectives of the society include the development of scientific and technical standards, the examination of the impact of computer technology on society and the environment, and assistance in the formulation of supportive and protective laws related to informatics in Iran. The society strives to improve the quality of education, encourage research activities, and facilitate exchange of ideas and collaboration among experts in this field.

The Informatics Society of Iran aims to achieve its goals through the publication of newsletters, scientific journals, and specialized books. It also organizes lectures, seminars, and scientific conferences at the national and international levels, and collaborates with scientific and industrial centers to promote informatics knowledge. The society also conducts specialized training courses and helps classify informatics professions by evaluating credentials and professional experiences. The publication of two journals, "Computer Report" and "Journal of Computing Sciences," is among the other activities of this society.

History
The idea of establishing the Informatics Society of Iran was proposed in (1977), followed by the development and proposal of its constitution. After discussions and exchanges of opinions among interested individuals, a general session was held on (September 19, 1978), during which the current name of the society was approved instead of "Iran Computer Society." A seven-member group was chosen with full authority to pursue the society's activities until the registration and formation of the first general assembly. The members of this group were:

 Mohammad Javad Ashjaei, Isfahan University of Technology
 The late Morteza Anvari, Higher School of Planning and Computer Application
 Lotfali Bakhshi, Islamic Azad University
 Ebrahim Bahjat, Hadabann Consulting Company
 Dr Behrouz Parhami, Tehran Polytechnic University
 Hossein Jafari Fesharaki
 Ahmad Miraatnia, Tehran Polytechnic University

Committees
The organisation has the following committees:
 Membership
 Public Relations
 Scientific Seminars
 Publications
 Education and Research.

Services 
 Gozaresh Computer Magazine
 Monthly public seminar
 Monthly expert group seminar
 Persian dictionary of computing words

See also
Science and technology in Iran

References

External links
official website

Organizations established in 1979
Non-profit organisations based in Iran
Information technology organisations based in Iran
Conditional short-circuit current. Conditional short-circuit current is the value of the alternating current component of a prospective current, which a switch without integral short-circuit protection, but protected by a suitable short circuit protective device (SCPD) in series, can withstand for the operating time of the current under specified test conditions. It may be understood to be the RMS value of the maximum permissible current over a specified time interval (t0,t1) and operating conditions.
The IEC definition is critiqued to be open to interpretation.

References

Electronic circuits
Journal of Geophysics and Engineering. The Journal of Geophysics and Engineering is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research and developments in geophysics and related areas of engineering. Although the journal has a predominantly applied science and engineering focus, it also publishes contributions in all Earth-physics disciplines from global geophysics to applied and engineering geophysics. The editors-in-chief are Yanghua Wang (Imperial College London) and Qinyong Yang (Sinopec Geophysical Research Institute).

Abstracting and indexing 
The Journal of Geophysics and Engineering is abstracted and indexed in Science Citation Index Expanded, Current Contents/Engineering, Computing and Technology, Current Contents/Physical, Chemical and Earth Sciences, Inspec, Scopus, Astrophysics Data System, and GEOBASE. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2017 impact factor of 1.411.

References

External links 

Engineering journals
Geophysics journals
IOP Publishing academic journals
Physics journals
Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering. The Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers all aspects of microelectromechanical systems, devices and structures, as well as micromechanics, microengineering, and microfabrication. The editor-in-chief is Weileun Fang (National Tsing Hua University).

Abstracting and indexing 
The journal has a 2023 impact factor of 2.4 according to the Journal Citation Reports. It is indexed in Inspec, PASCAL, Current Contents/Engineering Computing and Technology, Science Citation Index, Chemical Abstracts, Mass Spectrometry Bulletin, Engineering Index/Compendex, Applied Mechanics Reviews, and VINITI Database RAS.

References

External links
 

Physics journals
IOP Publishing academic journals
Monthly journals
Academic journals established in 1991
English-language journals
DK (automobile). The DK was a Danish automobile built as a prototype by S. A. Mathiesen in 1950. It was supposed to combine American comfort with European dimensions and economy. It featured a chassisless aluminum body, a Heinkel engine and a ZF Friedrichshafen gearbox. It remained a prototype, but in 1953 a new, modified version was introduced as the DKR. A few dozen were built, until 1954.

References

External links
 http://www.gtue-oldtimerservice.de 

Vehicles of Denmark
Cars introduced in 1950
BL 12-inch railway gun. The British Ordnance BL 12 inch gun Mk IX on truck, railway mounted surplus 12 inch Mk IX W naval guns, manufactured by Woolwich Arsenal in 1906, on various railway platforms to provide mobile long-range heavy artillery for the British Army on the Western Front in World War I.

History 
Vickers mounted two Mk IX W guns on slightly different railway mountings, Mk I, from September 1915. They are both identified by the open-frame appearance, recoil buffers above the barrel and the bogies with frames between the wheels similar to locomotive bogies. One mounting has a distinctive diamond-shape from the side and has a warping winch on the front; the other's carriage has a more squared-off profile with no warping winch at the front. The weapons on the Mk I mountings were originally reserve guns for HMS Cornwallis.

Elswick Ordnance Company (Armstrongs) mounted two more on its own design of Mk II railway mounting, delivered to the Western Front in August 1916. They are identified by the boxed-in frame appearance, recoil buffers below the barrel and the bogies with frames outside the wheels.

Design 
The gun cars allowed only 1° left and right traverse, achieved by pivoting the entire gun car body about the forward bogies, in the two Vickers carriages, or about the rear bogies in the Armstrong carriages. Like most railway guns in the war it was operated on specially-constructed curved sections of track and moved forward or backward to point it at a new target. Fine adjustment could then be achieved by onboard traversing, which at the gun's maximum range covered an arc of about .

The initial shock of firing was absorbed by a hydro-spring mechanism, allowing  of recoil within the gun mounting. The remaining recoil energy was absorbed by allowing the entire railway wagon to roll backwards   (Vickers carriage) or  (Armstrong carriage) against locked brakes. This "rolling recoil" system allowed the gun to be operated without the need to construct a pit with a strong static platform below the gun for it to recoil into and to allow transmission of all the recoil force directly to the ground as was typical of many large US and French railway guns.

Combat service 

At the end of World War I, the dispositions of the guns on the Western Front were: 1 gun of 92 Battery and 1 gun of 543 Battery with First Army i.e. Artois; 1 gun of 92 Battery with Third Army i.e. Somme; 1 gun of 543 Battery with Fourth Army i.e. Somme.

See also 
List of railway artillery
BL 12 inch Mk IX naval gun

Weapons of comparable role, performance and era 
 Canon de 305 mm Modèle 1893/96 gun French equivalent railway gun

Notes

References

Bibliography

External links 
 

World War I railway artillery of the United Kingdom
Railway guns
305 mm artillery
Megatech International. Megatech is a company that designs and manufactures radio controlled entertainment. Its product line includes radio controlled planes, cars, trucks, sailboats, motorboats, submarines, blimps, and others.

History
America's Hobby Center is a hobby shop that was founded in 1931 by the Winston family.  In 1990, Peter Winston created Megatech International.

Products

Avion

A miniature airplane that can be flown both indoors and out. Features a 7.5" wingspan, 8.4g weight, LiPo battery, and completely proportional control.

Media appearances
The Megatech Blimp was mentioned on the Showtime television series Weeds in episode two of the first season. The H2O Boat was featured on the June 26, 2003 episode of NBC's The Today Show, where Chris Chianelli drove the boats around in a pool with the show's hosts on a live broadcast.

External links

Radio-controlled car manufacturers
Model manufacturers of the United States
Companies based in Hudson County, New Jersey
Privately held companies based in New Jersey
Altair Accelerator. Altair Accelerator, previously known as NetworkComputer  (NC), is a commercial job scheduler developed by Altair Engineering.  The product was originally developed by Runtime Design Automation (RTDA) before Altair acquired the company.

Accelerator is used to manage a computer farm or computer cluster and is responsible for accepting, scheduling, dispatching, and managing the remote execution of standalone, parallel, or interactive user jobs. It also manages the allocation of resources such as processors, memory, disk space, software licenses, and custom objects to jobs that require them.

Accelerator uses a unique event-driven scheduler that results in very low overhead per job, usually in the millisecond range.

Features
 Web interface for administrators and users
 Native command execution and scripting support
 Job throttling based upon resource availability (CPU, RAM, licenses, etc.)

Accelerator runs on multiple platforms, including Linux, macOS, Microsoft Windows.

References
 Berkeley Presentation
 DeepChip post discussing NC
 EETimes article
 SOCcentral article

External links 
 Altair Engineering website

Job scheduling
Proprietary software
Zune Pad. The Zune Pad, which is a squircle, is the primary control mechanism for Zune 4, 8, 16, 80 and 120. The pad lets users of this device scroll through their song list with the use of their finger, then press the button to select tracks or change the volume.  

It was designed by Microsoft for the release of the second generation Zune.

Description and operation

The Zune Pad is about 24 mm in diameter and resembles a square like figure. It comprises a touch-sensitive button with simulated up, down, left, right and center navigational "button" response. It combines this touch interface with standard 5-way D-pad functionality. The Pad is capable of detecting movements in all directions. The user can press the top, bottom, left, right and center of the pad inward to navigate through lists or select an item or use the touch interface to move up, down, left and right. Selection is always done with a center click.

The user can touch and slide to move up or down on the screen. The motion of the select box on the screen is viewport-controlled where moving the finger up moves the view of the content up. This is unlike direct content manipulation interfaces, where moving the finger up moves the content up, equivalent to moving the viewport down the list. 

The Zune Pad allows the user to coast after flicking the list and to accelerate through the list with repeated flicks, unlike direct content manipulation interfaces in which a touch immediately grabs and stops the onscreen content. The user can thus move through a large list at high speed with just the flick gesture. Touching or clicking the Zune Pad will cause the coasting to stop.

It also allows the user to slide left and right to move through the menus at the top of the screen. The user can always click to navigate.  

There is no navigation function which can be performed only with the touch functions — the D-pad functionality is always sufficient.

Function
The Zune Pad is a capacitive touchpad and therefore detection is dependent upon using a finger. Directional pad functions are simulated by determining where the user's finger is when pressing the button. This works well unless the user is wearing gloves or anything that the touch surface cannot "read". The user cannot adjust the sensitivity and scroll speed, but can choose to turn it off and use the button as a standard directional pad instead.

See also 
 Click Wheel

References

External links
Zune.net
Official Zune Forums

Zune
Pointing devices
Polybaric melting. In basalt petrogenesis polybaric melting implies that liquids are incrementally separated from residues across a range of pressures and subsequently mix and move through the mantle without equilibrating with surrounding mantle minerals.  This model was developed to better approximate basalt petrogenesis in modeling and experiments. It usually involves polybaric near-fractional melting (e.g., constant intergranular porosity in the rock during melting and/or reactive porous flow in melt extraction) along an adiabatic path.

In practice, petrologic models employ advanced forms of the polybaric concept for greater physical plausibility. Such models incorporate interconnected porosity to facilitate buoyant flow of liquids from lherzolitic or harzburgitic assemblages, such as replacive dunite formation in migration channels. The porosity has to consist of at least two or a continuum of size scales to account for U-series disequilibria and major/trace element chemistry of abyssal peridotites.

The realization that polybaric near-fractional melting may be the dominant form of basalt petrogenesis was a consequence of difficulties with a simpler paradigm involving only a chemically distinct primary melt, in equilibrium with residual mantle minerals, undergoing fractionation (and transportation) to yield basaltic and mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) lava. The assumption of a unique primary melt led to the expectation that chemical and mineral characterization of primitive glasses associated with a basalt would constrain the residual mantle mineral assemblage, temperature, and pressure of the (presumed) primary melt. However, such "inverse" modeling as well as "forward" peridotite melting experiments failed to fully constrain underlying processes, necessitating the use of polybaric near-fractional melting.

It is possible to incorporate polybaric near-fractional melting considerations into predictive algorithms such as pMELTS and MAGPOX.

References 

Petrology
Electrokinetic phenomena. Electrokinetic phenomena are a family of several different effects that occur in heterogeneous fluids, or in porous bodies filled with fluid, or in a fast flow over a flat surface. The term heterogeneous here means a fluid containing particles. Particles can be solid, liquid or gas bubbles with sizes on the scale of a micrometer or nanometer. There is a common source of all these effects—the so-called interfacial 'double layer' of charges. Influence of an external force on the diffuse layer generates tangential motion of a fluid with respect to an adjacent charged surface. This force might be electric, pressure gradient, concentration gradient, or gravity. In addition, the moving phase might be either continuous fluid or dispersed phase.

Family
Various combinations of the driving force and moving phase determine various electrokinetic effects. According to J.Lyklema, the complete family of electrokinetic phenomena includes:

 electrophoresis, as motion of charged particles under influence of electric field;
 electro-osmosis, as motion of liquid in porous body under influence of electric field;
 diffusiophoresis, as motion of particles under influence of a chemical potential gradient;
 capillary osmosis, as motion of liquid in porous body under influence of the chemical potential gradient;
 sedimentation potential, as electric field generated by sedimenting colloid particles;
 streaming potential/current, as either electric potential or current generated by fluid moving through porous body, or relative to flat surface;
 colloid vibration current, as electric current generated by particles moving in fluid under influence of ultrasound;
 electric sonic amplitude, as ultrasound generated by colloidal particles in oscillating electric field.

Further reading
There are detailed descriptions of electrokinetic phenomena in many books on interface and colloid science.

See also

 Isotachophoresis
 Onsager reciprocal relations
 Surface charge
 Cationization of cotton

References

Colloidal chemistry
Condensed matter physics
Soft matter
Non-equilibrium thermodynamics
Electrochemistry
Altair FlowTracer. Altair FlowTracer, previously known as FlowTracer and Flowtracer/EDA, is a commercial build management tool developed by Altair Engineering.  The product was originally developed by Runtime Design Automation (RTDA) before Altair acquired the company.

FlowTracer allows one to describe the basic flow of a software build in a Tcl-like language (Flow Description Language) or at execution time. The tool will then store and track the inputs and outputs of the flow in its database, automatically detecting changes as they occur. The tool provides a GUI to visualize, control and diagnose the workflow, for example with instant notification of failures.

FlowTracer is a commercial alternative to make and distcc.  It uses "makefiles" written in a proprietary format. It supports multiple platforms such as Linux and other Unix variants (AIX, HP-UX, Solaris), as well as macOS and Microsoft Windows.

References

External links 
 

Build automation
Potez 452. The Potez 452 was a French flying boat designed and built by Potez in response to a French Navy specification for a shipboard reconnaissance machine for use on its battleships and cruisers.

Design
The design requirements included the ability for launch by a catapult or from the sea. In addition, the wings were required to fold to simplify storage aboard ship. It first flew in 1935, and after satisfactory flight trials, it began equipping French ships a year later. Only sixteen Potez 452s were built. The Spanish Navy also expressed interest, which resulted in Spain acquiring a manufacturing license. Spain built no aircraft.

Operational history
The Potez 452 was active as a reconnaissance aircraft during the early months of World War II. During that time there was no significant naval action in the Mediterranean where most of the French Navy was operating. After the French capitulation to Germany in June 1940, these aircraft continued to serve with their ships and as part of Vichy France's military, briefly engaged their former ally Great Britain. Other Potez 452s were deployed to French colonies in French Indochina, which included reconnaissance duty in the 1940–1941 Franco-Thai War between the Vichy French controlled colonies and Thailand and some remained in service until 1944, by which time the final survivors were retired. In 1937 a single Potez 452 had been supplied to the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service for evaluation as the Potez HXP1.

Variants

Potez 450
Prototype flying-boat with a  Salmson 9Ab engine, one built
Potez 452
Production variant with a  Hispano-Suiza 9Qd engine, 48 built.
Potez 453
Floatplane fighter derived from the 452, powered by a  Hispano-Suiza 14Hbs. A single prototype was built, first flown on 24 September 1935.

Operators

French Navy

 Vichy French Air Force

Specifications (Potez 452)

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

Bousquet, Gérard. French Flying Boats of WW II. Sandomierz, Poland: Stratus, 2013 

 

045
1930s French military reconnaissance aircraft
Flying boats
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Parasol-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1935
L-3 Communication Combat Propulsion Systems. L-3 Combat Propulsion Systems, a division of L-3, was formerly a division of General Dynamics Land Systems until L-3 acquired it in 2005. It is located in Muskegon, Michigan. L-3 Combat Propulsion Systems employs over 500 people and was the 4th largest employer in Muskegon County as of 2006.

The company's primary business is in building engines and transmissions. L-3 CPS builds or supplies
 The AVDS-1790 - 12 Cylinder turbocharged diesel engine 
 MTU MT883 1500 hp diesel engine
 HMPT-500 Hydromechanical transmission for the Bradley Fighting Vehicle

Notes

References 
Muskegon Growth

External links
Muskegon First Article

Business week

Companies based in Michigan
L3Harris Technologies
Loop performance. Loop performance in control engineering indicates the performance of control loops, such as a regulatory PID loop. Performance refers to the accuracy of a control system's ability to track (output) the desired signals to regulate the plant process variables in the most beneficial and optimised way, without delay or overshoot.

Importance
Regulatory control loops are critical in automated manufacturing and utility industries like refining, paper and chemicals manufacturing, power generation, among others. They are used to control a particular parameter within a process. The parameter that is being controlled could be temperature, pressure, flow or level of some process. For example, temperature controllers are used in boilers which are used in production of gasoline.

Software
There are many software applications that help in measuring and analysing the performance of control loops in industrial plants. Benchmarking the loop performance and identifying opportunities for improvement are key drivers for improving plant reliability, production throughput and safe operation.

References

Control theory