omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Caproni Bergamaschi PL.3. The Caproni Bergamaschi PL.3 was designed and built in Italy to compete in the 1934 London-to-Melbourne air race. It was a single-engine cantilever monoplane with clean lines, retractable undercarriage and side-by-side seating for two.  Though it was registered as a race entrant, late delays prevented it from competing.

Design and development

The PL.3 had a low wing built entirely of wood, covered with plywood, tapering uniformly both in chord and thickness from wide, deep roots to rounded tips. The tail was conventional, the tailplane set at mid-fuselage with straight swept leading edges and carrying elevators with trim tabs.  The fin was triangular, with a rounded rudder ending above the fuselage.

In contrast the fuselage of the PL.3 was mostly of metal construction. From propeller to aft of the wing root the fuselage was a tube of constant diameter, set by the wide chord NACA cowling around its 525 kW (700 hp) licence-built Pratt & Whitney Hornet radial engine, which then tapered to the tail.  The underlying structure from nose to tail was a rectangular chrome molybdenum steel frame, aluminium covered in front and plywood behind.  The low profile cockpit placed the crew at the wing trailing edge.  The PL.3 had a conventional undercarriage with mainwheels retracting rearwards into the wing, leaving a small part exposed.

Operational history
The PL.3 was one of many types entered into the London-Melbourne race of 1934 for the MacRobertson Trophy and £10,000 prize. The race was scheduled to start on 20 October 1934 The PL.3 was entered in May 1934. By early September it had a race number, 61, and the crew had been elected; though it had not flown it was still an expected competitor.  The crew were known: both Francis Lombardi and Vittori Suster were experienced flyers with careers beginning in the First World War. Lombardi had made many competitive long-distance flights and Suster had spent the last seven years as an airline pilot, latterly as chief pilot.

The exact reasons for its non-participation are not known, but the PL.3 was one of many registered competitors which cancelled early or failed to appear at RAF Mildenhall, the starting point, in the week before the start.

Specifications

References

PL.3
1930s Italian sport aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Paparazzi Project. Paparazzi is an open-source autopilot system oriented toward inexpensive autonomous aircraft.
Low cost and availability enable hobbyist use in small remotely piloted aircraft. The project began in 2003, and is being further developed and used at École nationale de l'aviation civile (ENAC), a French civil aeronautics academy. Several vendors are currently producing Paparazzi autopilots and accessories.

Overview
An autopilot allows a remotely piloted aircraft to be flown out of sight. All hardware and software is open-source and freely available to anyone under the GNU licensing agreement. Open Source autopilots provide flexible software: users can easily modify the autopilot based on their own special requirements, such as forest fire evaluation.
Paparazzi collaborators share ideas and information using the same MediaWiki software that is used by Wikipedia.

Paparazzi accepts commands and sensor data, and adjusts flight controls accordingly.  For example, a command might be to climb at a certain rate, and paparazzi will adjust power and/or control surfaces. As of 2010 paparazzi did not have a good speed hold and changing function, because no air
speed sensor reading is considered by the controller.

Delft University of Technology released its  Lisa/S chip project in 2013 which is based on Paparazzi.

Mechanisms

Hardware
Paparazzi supports for multiple hardware designs, including STM32 and LPC2100 series microcontrollers. A number of CAD files have been released.

Paparazzi provides for a minimum set of flight sensors:
Attitude (orientation about center of mass) estimation is done with a set of infrared thermopiles.
Position and altitude are obtained from a standard GPS receiver.
Roll rate measurement may be input from an optional gyroscope.
Acceleration from optional inertial sensors.
Direction from optional magnetic sensors.

Software
The open-source software suite "contains everything" to let "airborne system fly reliably".

See also
Crowdsourcing
Micro air vehicle
ArduCopter open source autopilot software
OpenPilot open source autopilot software
Open-source robotics
PX4 autopilot
Slugs (autopilot system)
Ardupilot

References

External links
Paparazzi Project
24th Chaos Communication Congress 2007-12-27 11:45    Martin Müller, Antoine Drouin
Build your own UAV
Paparazzi User Manual
OSAM (Open Source Autonomous Multiple-Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) at Utah State University
(Open Source Drone Projects)

Avionics
Aircraft instruments
Unmanned aerial vehicles
Open-source hardware
Indira Institute of Engineering and Technology. Indira Institute of Engineering and Technology is an engineering college in Pandur, Thiruvallur, Tamil Nadu, India. The college is affiliated to Anna University Chennai.

Courses offered

Undergraduate courses

 B.E. - Civil Engineering
 B.E. - Computer Science and Engineering
 B.E. - Electrical and Electronics Engineering
 B.E. - Electronics and Communication Engineering
 B.E. - Mechanical Engineering
 B.Tech. - Information Technology

Postgraduate course
 ME - Computer Science Engineering
 ME - CAD / CAM
 ME - Construction Engineering and Management
 ME - Power Systems Engineering

 MBA - Master of Business Applications

Facilities
 Hostels
 Library
 Mess
 Labs
 Transportation

References

External links
 

Engineering colleges in Tamil Nadu
Colleges affiliated to Anna University
Education in Tiruvallur district
Educational institutions established in 2007
2007 establishments in Tamil Nadu
WonderMedia. WonderMedia was a fabless SoC company headquartered in Taipei, Taiwan. It is a subsidiary of VIA Technologies. It is notable for creating the low cost processors used in many Chinese Android and Windows CE-based devices. The SoC designs are collectively called the WonderMedia PRIZM platform and are based on the reference implementations provided by ARM Holdings.

In 2016, WonderMedia was merged to VIA Technologies.

Products

References

External links
 

Fabless semiconductor companies
VIA Technologies
ARM architecture
Semiconductor companies of Taiwan
Defunct manufacturing companies of Taiwan
Service d'exploitation de la formation aéronautique. The Service d'exploitation de la formation aéronautique (SEFA) was the French national flight school, located in nine places in France and managed by the direction générale de l'aviation civile (DGAC). It merged with École nationale de l'aviation civile on January 1, 2011.

History

The development of light aviation between the two world war 

SEFA is a direct descendant of a long tradition of state involvement in helping to light aviation. By 1936, the Popular Front creates the "sections d’aviation populaire" (SAP), in order to democratize the flight training for young people and then to train more crew for the French military aviation. In 1946, the "service de l’aviation légère et sportive" (SALS) is created, which purpose is essentially to provide available aircraft and flight instructor for flying clubs.

Many successive names 

In 1955, SALS becomes the "service de la formation aéronautique et des sports aériens" (SFASA), in 1959 the "service de la formation aéronautique, du travail aérien et des transports" (SFATAT), in 1964 it is renamed "service de la formation aéronautique" (SFA) and finally the "service de la formation aéronautique et du contrôle technique" (SFACT) in 1976. These designations reflect the successive changes in the organization of the civil aviation administration, but also the direct involvement of the State, in flight training. Thus "national centers" were created: in 1945, for gliding (Challes-les-Eaux, Beynes, Pont-Saint-Vincent, etc.), and then for flight in piston-engined aircraft (Carcassonne in 1945, Saint-Yan in 1947), and skydiving (Biscarosse in 1953).

A new mission: to train airline pilots 

Over the years, the French civil aviation administration gradually withdraw from its activities in the field of gliding and skydiving.
In 1959, the center of Saint-Yan welcomes the first course of airline pilot students (EPL), ushering in a new mission of the SEFA : the training of airline pilots. The national centers were attached to the service of the civil aviation administration in charge of training. The creation of a single management structure was needed.
Thus was created the SEFA in 1993, bringing together under one organization all the necessary needs to implement the tasks entrusted by the DGAC. The direction of the SEFA moved to Muret in 1996, bringing together all central services previously scattered between Saint-Cyr-l'École and Paris.

The merger with École nationale de l'aviation civile 

Finally, on January 1, 2011, the SEFA is merged with the École nationale de l'aviation civile in order to create the biggest European aviation school. All the SEFA activities are now providing under the only acronym ENAC.

References

Bibliography 
 Ariane Gilotte, Jean-Philippe Husson and Cyril Lazerge, 50 ans d'Énac au service de l'aviation, Édition S.E.E.P.P, 1999

External links 
 Official

Aviation in France
Aviation schools
Aviation schools in France
Schools in France
1993 establishments in France
Educational institutions established in 1993
Bethlehem Motor Truck Corporation. The Bethlehem Motors Corporation was a manufacturer of tractors, automobiles and trucks in Allentown, Pennsylvania, between 1917 and 1926.

Tractor manufacturing
In 1918 and 1919, the Corporation built the Model 18-36 tractor, which weighed three tons, and was powered by a Beaver 4-cylinder engine with two forward speeds. Standard equipment included a Stromberg carburettor, Bosch magneto and Fedders radiator. The tractor was not a success, probably due to the poor financial position of the company, the crowded tractor market in the United States, and the 1920 agricultural depression.

Automobile manufacturing
In 1920, the Bethlehem Motors Corporation built the 'Ideal' automobile, which was to be sold only outside the United States. The Ideal was a four-seater sedan with a 40 hp engine built by Bethlehem, Timken axles, and was priced at $3,000. The company went into receivership later that year, and all plans to further produce and sell the car were discontinued. New management disposed of the unsold cars for approximately $1,000 each in 1921.

Truck manufacturing

Truck manufacture began in 1917, with -ton trucks powered by Golden, Belknap and Swartz engines, and a -ton vehicle using a North American engine. The smaller models cost $1,245; the larger models $1,775. Speeds were between 12 and 18 mph, depending on the engine governor used. Production in 1919 was approximately 3,500. By 1920, all Bethlehem trucks came with electric starter and lights, with the company motto at this time being "Trucks bought today without electric lights will be out of date tomorrow". Despite these new features, business decreased, with the company going into receivership. The last Bethlehem trucks, and the last vehicles of any type manufactured by the Bethlehem Motors Corporation were assembled in 1926. The factory was bought by Hahn and Company in 1927. Bethlehem was also one of the manufacturers of Liberty Trucks for the United States Army during World War I.

References

External links
1919 Bethlehem Motor Truck Corporation advertisement. Vintageproductads.com

Companies based in Allentown, Pennsylvania
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1917
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States
1917 establishments in Pennsylvania
Vehicle manufacturing companies disestablished in 1926
1926 disestablishments in Pennsylvania
Motor vehicle manufacturers based in Pennsylvania
SAIC Kavachi engine. The Kavachi engine, commonly known as the TCI-Tech, was developed by SAIC Motor, based on a re-engineering of the Rover K-series engine. It is used in Roewe and MG Motor vehicles.

The 1796cc Kavachi engine is produced in two versions, a naturally aspirated producing  at 6,000 rpm and  @ 4,500 rpm, and a turbocharged version producing  at 5,500 rpm and  of torque from 2,500 to 4,500 rpm. It is Drive-by-wire.

UK engineering firm Ricardo plc were tasked with remedying the well known faults of the K series by SAIC Motor for its introduction into the Chinese marketplace. With a redesigned head, improved waterways, stiffened block as well as changing the manufacturing process and quality of material, the Kavachi is seen as the pinnacle of K-series development. As of 2015, with more than half a decade in the market, there have been no reported issues of head gasket failure on cars using the Kavachi engine.

A point to note, the Kavachi engine is sometimes referred to and often confused with the N Series engine. The N Series is also a development of the original K Series but was in fact produced by Nanjing Automobile (NAC) a rival company at the time to SAIC. (later merged)

N Series was fitted into the relaunched MG TF in the UK and in the MG3 SW and MG7 in China.

Applications
 
 2008–2014 Roewe 550/MG 550
 2008–2016 Roewe 750/MG 750
 2009–2017 MG 6
 2011–2015 Roewe W5

References

Roewe 550 Specs

Roewe
Straight-four engines
Automobile engines
Trimethylsilyl iodide. Trimethylsilyl iodide (iodotrimethylsilane or TMSI) is an organosilicon compound with the chemical formula (CH3)3SiI. It is a colorless, volatile liquid at room temperature.

Preparation
Trimethylsilyl iodide may be prepared by the oxidative cleavage of hexamethyldisilane by iodine or by the cleavage of hexamethyldisiloxane with aluminium triiodide.
 TMS-TMS + I2 → 2 TMSI (TMS = (CH3)3Si)
 3 TMS-O-TMS + 2 AlI3 → 6 TMSI + Al2O3

Applications
Trimethylsilyl iodide is used to introduce the trimethylsilyl group onto alcohols (ROH):

R-OH + TMSI → R-OTMS + HI

This type of reaction may be useful for gas chromatography analysis; the resultant silyl ether is more volatile than the underivatized original materials. However, for the preparation of bulk trimethylsilylated material, trimethylsilyl chloride may be preferred due to its lower cost.

TMSI reacts with alkyl ethers (ROR′), forming silyl ethers (ROSiMe3) and iodoalkanes (RI) that can be hydrolyzed to alcohols (ROH).

Trimethylsilyl iodide is also used for the removing of the Boc protecting group, especially where other deprotection methods are too harsh for the substrate.

References

Iodides
Reagents for organic chemistry
Trimethylsilyl compounds
Reginald Robotham. Reginald Robotham (14 July 1911 – 31 January 1978) was an English cricketer.  Robotham was a right-handed batsman who fielded as a wicket-keeper.  He was born at Bidford-on-Avon, Warwickshire.

Robotham made a single first-class cricket appearance for Sussex County Cricket Club against MCC at the Central Recreation Ground, Hastings, in 1946.  Robotham scored 21 runs before being dismissed by Tony Mallett in Sussex's first innings and 10 runs in they second  before he was dismissed by Jim Sims.

He died at Hastings, Sussex, on 31 January 1978.

References

External links

1911 births
1978 deaths
People from Stratford-on-Avon District
English cricketers
Sussex cricketers
Wicket-keepers
Cricketers from Warwickshire
20th-century English sportsmen
Pressure injection cell. Pressure Injection Cells, sometimes referred to as "bomb-loading devices" are used in proteomic research to enable controlled dispensing of small-volume liquid samples.

Applications
Using high pressure, pressure injection cells are used for two applications: densely packing  capillary columns (micro-columns) with solid-phase particles for use in LC/MS analysis; and precisely infusing microliter samples directly from microcentrifuge tubes into mass spectrometers without additional transfers, wasted sample, or contact with metallic surfaces which adsorb some negatively charged molecules such as phosphopeptides.

Components
A typical pressure injection cell holds a micro-tube or a vial in its central chamber.  A small magnetic stir bar can be used to keep the particles in suspension.

Operation
The pressure cell is connected to a source of compressed gas (such as Argon, Helium or Nitrogen).  A capillary is placed through a ferrule in the cap so that one end is in contact with the liquid in the tube or vial.  The distal end of the capillary is fritted to retain the particles while packing.  Pressure from the compressed gas can be regulated to adjust the flow rate of the sample into the capillary.

References

Analytical chemistry
Air Force Station Port Elizabeth. Air Force Station Port Elizabeth is a South African Air Force facility situated on the north-eastern side of the Chief Dawid Stuurman International Airport main runway. It was downgraded from an Air Force Base in the early 1990s.

It is home to C Flight of 15 Squadron which currently operates four BK 117 helicopters. Their primary role is maritime and landward search and rescue. Conversion to AgustaWestland AW109 helicopters has been postponed due to delays in developing emergency flotation equipment for the type, thus precluding its use in a maritime environment.

Units hosted
C Flight of 15 Squadron
108 Squadron - Territorial Reserve Squadron operating various civil light aircraft in the utility transport role.

See also
Port Elizabeth branch of the SAAF Museum - another SAAF facility located at the airport

References

South African Air Force bases
Transport in Gqeberha
Vitalii Ditkin. Vitalii Arsenievich Ditkin (2 May 1910, Bogorodsk (now Noginsk), Russia – 17 October 1987, Moscow) was a Soviet mathematician who introduced Ditkin sets.

Biography
Studied at the Moscow State University in 1932–1935; in 1938 got PhD degree (advisor – Abraham Plessner).
From 1943 to 1948 he was with the Steklov Institute of Mathematics; from 1948 to 1955, with the Lebedev Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Engineering. In 1949, got the Doctor of Sciences degree. In 1955, he became a deputy director of newly formed Computing Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. He remained with the Computing Centre till his death.

In 1978 was awarded the USSR State Prize in sciences.

References

People from Noginsk
1910 births
1987 deaths
Soviet mathematicians
Airport City Manchester. Airport City Manchester is an £800 million expansion of Manchester Airport currently under construction. The plan will follow an airport city model with the aim of stimulating the Greater Manchester economy by creating on-site logistics, manufacturing, office and leisure facilities. Manchester Airport will become the first airport in the United Kingdom to build an airport city.

Manchester Airport is the third-busiest airport in the United Kingdom after Heathrow and Gatwick, and is the international gateway for northern England. The site was announced as an enterprise zone in March 2011. In October 2013, it was announced that Beijing Construction Engineering Group would invest £800 million into the project—becoming one of the largest single investments in Britain from China. It will be one of the largest property development schemes in Greater Manchester alongside MediaCityUK and NOMA, as well as in the United Kingdom.

China's paramount leader Xi Jinping, alongside former UK Prime Minister David Cameron, visited the Airport City development in October 2015 as part of his state visit to the United Kingdom.

Proposal
Airport City Manchester will follow the airport city model, that has been implemented at other cities such as Barcelona and Frankfurt. Two main zones will house the new developments. The first will be adjacent to Manchester Airport station, and north of the M56 motorway. The site here will mainly consist of hotel, office, and manufacturing facilities. The second core site will be situated nearby the existing cargo centre near junction 6 of the M56.

Scheme

Manchester Airport is the third-busiest airport in the United Kingdom, and is overall the busiest outside the London region and has over double the number of passengers of its nearest non-London rival. It is predicted that Manchester Airport will double its 18 million passengers in 2011 to 36 million by 2030. Unlike London Heathrow and Gatwick Airport, vacant land exists around Manchester Airport for expansion. Both Heathrow and Gatwick have encountered opposition in their wish to expand, particularly over a third runway at Heathrow. In March 2011, the site was selected as an enterprise zone, offering lower business rates to attract investment in the area. Former UK Chancellor George Osborne described the zone as one of the best developed and most advanced of any of the 24 enterprise zones which were announced in 2011. The site plan and design will be led by Manchester-based 5plus Architects. Construction will be undertaken by a joint venture of Carillion and Beijing Construction Engineering Group. It was scheduled to open in 2016. The development was renamed MIX Manchester in May 2024, with a stated refocus on laboratories and research facilities in addition to office space.

Transport
Enterprise Way, a new road within the site, started construction in January 2017 and was completed in February 2018.

See also
Atlantic Gateway - a similar proposal in North West England that focuses on increasing maritime logistics to the region

References

External links
Airport City Manchester website

Manchester Airport
Tristan Clemons. Tristan Clemons is an Australian field hockey goalkeeper from Western Australia.

Personal
Tristan Clemons completed a PhD at the University of Western Australia in the School of Molecular Sciences. His thesis was titled, "Multifunctional nanoparticles for therapeutic delivery". The goal of his research is to develop various nanoparticles that could treat injuries of the central nervous system and could help treat diseases like cancer. He is part of the BioNano Research Group at the University of Western Australia, School of Molecular Sciences.

Business
In 2015, Tristan Clemons along with his wife, established a hat company named 'Get Flapped'. The company produces legionnaire hats designed to be both stylish and practical. The business promoted a message of sun smart awareness and collaborated with a number of charities and local artists to develop unique designs on the hats. After moving to the United States in early 2019, Clemons sold the company to new management. Tristan is also a qualified marriage celebrant as 'Marry me Clemo' where he conducted civil ceremonies for friends and family.

Field hockey
In 2009, he played for the Western Australian Thundersticks in the Australian Hockey League. He was in goal for his team's 4–2 win over Tasmania in a game in March. It was his first season with the team. He continued to play for them in 2010 and 2011. In 2010, his team finished the season in fourth place.

National team
In 2011, he played in goal for Australia during the Lanco International Super Series 9s, where Australia won 4–1 in a game against India, with Sardar Singh scoring against Clemons. In November 2011, he was part of the Australia men's national field hockey team that played in the four nations tournament in Perth, Western Australia. The competition was his international debut at a competition that inaugurated new goal widths.

In December 2011, he was named as one of fourteen players to be on the 2012 Summer Olympics Australian men's national Olympic development squad. While this squad is not in the top twenty-eight and separate from the Olympic training coach, the Australian coach Ric Charlesworth did not rule out selecting from only the training squad, with players from the Olympic development having a chance at possibly being called up to represent Australia at the Olympics. He trained with the team from 18 January to mid-March in Perth, Western Australia.

References

Australian male field hockey players
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Field hockey people from Western Australia
Sportsmen from Western Australia