omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Charles Garonne Renold. Sir Charles Garonne Renold J.P., LL.D (29 October 1883 – 7 September 1967) was a British engineer and pioneer of management science. Born in Altrincham, England, he was the son of Hans Renold, a Swiss-born engineer and businessman and Mary Susan Herford. He was Director from 1906 of Hans Renold Limited, the company his father started, later Managing Director (and Deputy Chairman or Chairman) of the Renold and Coventry Chain Company in Manchester 1930–67, which became Renold Chains Limited then Renold Plc. 

Renold was vice-president of Manchester College of Science and Technology, which was to become UMIST and was then part of the University of Manchester.  During the Great War he offered his services to the government on the Manchester Armaments Committee.  A public-spirited civil servant he remained concerned about industrial relations and the fear of sabotage.  Like Mather and later Weizmann he was granted an interview by Lloyd George in which he promoted the activities of the Amalgamated Society of Engineers.  Renold deliberately disassociated the workers from extremist peace campaigners in order to promote "the industrial issue".

He was a noted expert in industrial administration, and was knighted in 1948 for services to the cause of good management, and the development of humane and progressive ideals in industry 

Renold was educated at Abbotsholme School and Cornell University. He was granted an honorary LL.D. from the Victoria University of Manchester in 1960. He lived in Heaton Mersey, and latterly in Chapel-en-le-Frith, Derbyshire. He the first chairman of the British Institute of Management in 1946 and was knighted in 1948. The Renold Building at the University of Manchester is named in his honour.

He was married twice: to Margaret Hilda Hunter (1909 to 1958 – her death), with whom he had four children (Hans, Peter, Penelope and Timothy); then to Noël Mary Garry (1960 to 1966 – her death).

References

20th-century English businesspeople
1883 births
1967 deaths
People from Altrincham
Knights Bachelor
People educated at Abbotsholme School
20th-century British engineers
Vladimir Ilyich-class motorship. Vladimir Ilyich class is a class of Russian river passenger ships. It is named after the first ship of the class Vladimir Ilyich.

Four-deck cruise ships manufactured in Germany, 1974–1983.

River cruise ships of the German Project 301 / BiFa125M

Overview

See also
 List of river cruise ships
 Anton Chekhov-class motorship
 Baykal-class motorship
 Dmitriy Furmanov-class motorship
 Maksim Gorkiy-class motorship
 Oktyabrskaya Revolyutsiya-class motorship
 Rodina-class motorship
 Rossiya-class motorship (1952)
 Rossiya-class motorship (1973)
 Sergey Yesenin-class motorship
 Valerian Kuybyshev-class motorship
 Yerofey Khabarov-class motorship

References

River cruise ships
Ships of Russia
Ships of the Soviet Union
East Germany–Soviet Union relations
Electron-beam machining. Electron-beam machining (EBM) is a process where high-velocity electrons concentrated into a narrow beam that are directed towards the work piece, creating heat and vaporizing the material. EBM can be used for very precise cutting or boring of a wide variety of metals. Surface finish is better and kerf width is narrower than those for other thermal cutting processes.

EBM process is best suitable for high melting point and high thermal conductivity materials. 

The EBM beam is operated in pulse mode. This is achieved by appropriately biasing the biased grid located just after the cathode. Switching pulses are given to the bias grid so as to achieve pulse duration of as low as 50 μs to as long as 15 ms.
Beam current is directly related to the number of electrons emitted by the cathode or available in the beam. Beam current can be as low as 200 μamp to 1 amp.
Increasing the beam current directly increases the energy per pulse. Similarly, increase in pulse duration also enhances energy per pulse. High-energy pulses (in excess of 100 J/pulse) can machine larger holes on thicker plates.
The energy density and power density is governed by energy per pulse duration and spot size. Spot size, on the other hand is controlled by the degree of focusing achieved by the electromagnetic lenses. If a higher energy density is combined with a smaller spot size, the material removal would be faster though the size of the hole would be smaller.
The plane of focusing would be on or just beneath the surface of the work piece. The electron beam is generated by the potential difference between the negatively-charged cathode and the positively-charged anode.

Equipment

EBM equipment in construction is similar to electron beam welding machines (see electron beam welding).
EBM machines usually utilize voltages in the range of 150 to 200 kV to accelerate electrons to about 200,000 km/s. Magnetic lenses are used to focus the electron beam to the surface of the work-piece. By means of electromagnetic deflection system the beam is positioned as needed, usually by means of a computer.

Considerations 

Vacuums must be used to reduce contamination, and minimize electron collisions with air molecules. Because work must be done in a vacuum, EBM is best suited for small parts. The interaction of the electron beam with the work piece produces hazardous x-rays, and only highly trained personnel should use EBM equipment.

See also

Electron beam technology

References 
https://web.archive.org/web/20070519165757/http://www.eod.gvsu.edu/eod/manufact/manufact-284.html
 

Electron beams in manufacturing
Machining
William S. Gaither. William S. Gaither (December 3, 1932 – September 11, 2009) was a civil engineer and former president of Drexel University.

Academic background

Gaither studied civil engineering at the Rose Polytechnic Institute (now the Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology), graduating in 1956.  Before continuing with his graduate education he worked for the Meyer Corporation, the Dravo Corporation, and the Bechtel Corporation as an engineer.  In 1964 he received a Ph.D. from Princeton University concentrating his work on marine transportation and ocean engineering.

Career
Gaither taught at Princeton University and the University of Florida.
In 1967 he started an ocean engineering program at the University of Delaware.  In 1970 he was offered the position of dean and professor of the College of Marine Studies at Delaware, where he was also the Sea Grant program director. This program is an organization which honors colleges that have developed a curriculum for studying the oceans and human impact on them.  During his career he frequently testified to Congress on environmental and oceanographic issues.

In May 1984 he left the University of Delaware for the position of President of Drexel University. He was officially he was installed into the position on April 27, 1985. While at Drexel he created eleven new majors and increased alumni giving.  He also worked on programs to enhance minority student enrollment at Drexel.  During his tenure at Drexel he was on the boards of the University City Science Center, the Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Delaware Council, and the West Philadelphia Partnership.

On April 22, 1987, a Drexel employee filed a sexual harassment complaint against Gaither stating that he had sexually harassed her at a business dinner. Following the incident, faculty vote resulted in a motion of "no confidence" in Gaither. Upon review of the situation and an investigation into other sexual harassment allegations, the Drexel board of trustees overturned the vote of no confidence and did not ask Gaither for his resignation. In October of that year, following continual turmoil on campus due to the incident, Gaither resigned stating that "While I am fully prepared and wish to continue as president of this fine institution, it is my considered judgment that to do so will not serve the best interests of  the university."

References

1932 births
2009 deaths
Presidents of Drexel University
American civil engineers
American marine engineers
20th-century American engineers
Bechtel people
20th-century American academics
Princeton University alumni
Rose–Hulman Institute of Technology alumni
Princeton University faculty
University of Florida faculty
University of Delaware faculty
Irish Aluminium Company. Iralco or the Irish Aluminium Company is the former name of a car parts manufacturer situated in Collinstown, County Westmeath in Ireland. The company was initially established in 1964 by Franz Pohl, a German entrepreneur. 

As of 2008, it was producing components for a number of car manufacturers in Europe, including Audi, Bentley, Ford, Volkswagen and Volvo.

In August 2008, the company was taken over by C&F Automotive Limited, and in 2018 was sold to Decotek Automotive Limited. At the time of the 2018 sale, it had approximately 390 employees.

As of 2023, Decotek Automotive still had operations in Collinstown.

References

Companies of the Republic of Ireland
Manufacturing companies established in 1964
County Westmeath
2008 mergers and acquisitions
2018 mergers and acquisitions
Irish companies established in 1964
Hansa-Brandenburg G.I. The Hansa-Brandenburg G.I was a bomber aircraft used to equip the Austro-Hungarian aviation corps in World War I. It was a mostly conventional large, three-bay biplane with staggered wings of slightly unequal span. The pilot and bombardier sat in a large open cockpit at the nose of the aircraft, with a second open cockpit for a gunner in a dorsal position behind the wings. An unusual feature was the placement of the twin tractor engines. While the normal practice of the day was to mount these to the wings, either directly or on struts, the G.I had the engines mounted to the sides of the fuselage on lattices of steel struts. This arrangement added considerable weight to the aircraft and transmitted a lot of vibration to the airframe.

A small initial production batch of six aircraft was delivered by March 1917, but were all grounded soon thereafter and put into storage due to a contractual dispute between the manufacturer and Flars (the Imperial and Royal Aviation Arsenal). When this was resolved, deliveries recommenced, although the size of the order was reduced, and the bombers were modified by Flars before being sent to the Divača airfield, on the Italian Front. Twelve aircraft were built by UFAG and differed slightly from the German-built machines.

The G.I eventually equipped three squadrons plus a replacement unit, but reports from pilots were unfavourable, especially in comparison to the Gotha G.IV that was becoming available. The Hansa-Brandenburg machine was therefore quickly relegated to training duties. In the three months that these aircraft had been at the front, they had only carried out a single successful sortie. As a footnote to the G.I's military service, the type also served as a testbed in experiments in mounting large-caliber cannon on aircraft; flying with nose-mounted 50 mm (2 in) and (separately) 70 mm (2.75 in) Skoda weapons, and a 37 mm (1.46 in) Skoda cannon mounted in the dorsal gunner's position.

Operators

Kaiserliche und Königliche Luftfahrtruppen
 Flik 101/G
 Flik 102/G
 Flik 103/G
 Flek 22

Specifications

References

 

G.I
1910s Austro-Hungarian bomber aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1916
Flame cleaning. Flame cleaning, also known as flame gouging, is the process of cleaning a structural steel surface by passing an intensely hot oxyacetylene flame over it. Mill scale and rust are removed by the reducing effect of the flame and the action of the heat, leaving the surface in a condition suitable for wire brushing and painting.

Overview

There are many uses for flame cleaning rather than just to remove rust and mill scale. It is also used as a removal tool for paints, bad welds, burrs, mechanical wear (scraping, cuts, gouges and more) along with other surface imperfections.
The process of flame cleaning is not anything new and does not require any extra equipment than what would be found in a typical metal shop. It is just an oxygen-fuel torch that is used parallel with the surface to melt and blow off any blemishes that the operator wants to eliminate. Shown in the adjacent diagram, the surface is blasted with the oxygen-fuel torch across the surface versus the orthodox use of the flame as a cutting or gouging tool. Though the equipment is the same, the flame used in cleaning is drastically reduced to prevent excess removal of the surface. Various kinds of fuel can be run with the oxygen, for example acetylene.

Various surfaces can be cleaned using this process. The oxy-flame can work on assorted surface qualities and remove some of the hardest to clean substances such as lubricants and grease. Ceramics, steel constructions, offshore systems and even concrete elements can all be cleaned. Although the function of cleaning can be thoroughly accomplished, the general aesthetic look is damaged due to the burn marks by the oxy-flame. The surface is then ready for further processing such as painting, grinding or any other further operation.

See also
Air carbon arc cutting

References

Metalworking
Cleaning methods
Darker (video game). Darker is a single-player futuristic flight simulator video game published by Psygnosis in 1995 for MS-DOS. The player assumes the role of Tolly, a civilian shuttle pilot in the city of Delphi, the only city situated on the dark side of a planet in synchronous rotation around the local star. The player must defend Delphi from the Halons, inhabitants of the planet's light side, who are invading Delphi. The game takes place over a number of missions on the planet's surface and in tunnels.

The game supports the VFX-1 virtual reality headset.

Plot
Darker's story is revealed over the course of the game as information gathered by reconnaissance. The people of Delphi are not militarised, having never had reason for military action, and so technology for combating the Halon menace is developed over the course of the game. The Halon people are revealed to be invading in order to expand their cities away from the light side, which they have polluted beyond the point where it can sustain life. Eventually Tolly pilots a Halon craft to the light side of the planet, where he destroys the Halon aircraft factories.

Gameplay
The bulk of the game is played piloting a Caero shuttle. Because of the scarcity of energy on the dark side of the planet, power to the shuttle is transmitted wirelessly through a network of pylons situated on a regular grid across the city.

References

1995 video games
DOS games
DOS-only games
Psygnosis games
Single-player video games
Space flight simulator games
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Video games set on fictional planets
Soft water path. The concept of the soft path was first used for energy resource management and was developed by Amory Lovins shortly after the shock of the 1973 energy crisis in the United States. This concept has now been refined and applied to water, most notably by water experts Peter Gleick and David Brooks. The soft path is often framed as a more integrated and effective alternative to supply-side water resource management. Supply-side water management focuses on meeting demands for water through centralized, large-scale physical infrastructure, and centralized water management systems. In the 20th century, this approach focused on constructing bigger dams and drilling deeper wells to access more water to meet projected demands of consumers. More recently, a focus on demand-side management has emerged in regions where water supply is increasingly constrained (see, for example, Peak water), and it focuses on managing demand and making current practices more efficient. The soft path integrates both supply and demand concepts but in a broader context by recognizing that water is a means to satisfy demands for goods and services and asking how much water, of what qualities, is actually required to satisfy those demands efficiently and sustainably. Soft path water planning also requires broader institutional approaches to water management including the application of smart economics, the potential for distributed rather than centralized water systems, and more democratic participation in water policy decisions. Others have described the soft path as "unleashing the full potential of demand-side management.",

Publications
 The Soft Path for Water iPacific Instituten a Nutshell. 2005. Oliver M Brandes and David B Brooks. Friends of the Earth and POLIS Project on Ecological Governance. University of Victoria, Victoria, BC.
 G. Wolff and P.H. Gleick, "The Soft Path for Water" in The World's Water 2002-2003 (Island Press, Washington D.C., pp. 1-32.
 P.H. Gleick, 2003. Science, Volume 302, November 28, 2003, pp. 1524-1528.
 P.H. Gleick, 2002. Nature, Volume 418, pg. 373, July 25, 2002.
 Manitoba Water Soft Path 2006.
 The Energy Controversy: Soft Path Questions and Answers (1979) 
 A New Path to Water Sustainability for the Town of Oliver, BC - Soft Path Case Study by Oliver M Brandes Tony Maas Adam Mjolsness Ellen Reynolds. Uvic Printers. Feb 2008.

See also

 Soft energy path
 Backcasting
 Ecological governance

References

Water supply
Water and the environment
Alert on LAN. Alert on LAN (AOL, sometimes AoL) is a 1998, IBM- and Intel-developed technology that allows for remote management and control of networked PCs. AOL requires a Wake on LAN adapter.

Technical details 

The main idea of AOL is to send warnings to remote administrators about different PC conditions using a LAN. These conditions include: 

 System unplugged from power source
 System unplugged from network
 Chassis intrusion
 Processor removal
 System environmental errors
 High temperature
 Fan speed
 Voltage fluctuations
 Operating system errors
 System power-on errors
 System is hung
 Component failure

Alert on LAN 2 (AOL2) extends AOL to allow active PC management, including:

 Remote system reboot upon report of a critical failure 
 Repair Operating System 
 Update BIOS image 
 Perform other diagnostic procedures

See also 
 Wake-on-LAN
 Alert Standard Format
 Desktop and mobile Architecture for System Hardware

Additional resources 
 AOL Introduction from IBM

Remote control
25th Armoured Engineer Brigade Royal Engineers. The 'B' Assault Brigade RAC/RE. was founded on 5 January 1945, in Italy. The Brigade Headquarters was formed from redesignating the 25th Army Tank Brigade's headquarters to the 25th Armoured Assault Brigade Royal Engineers. Three months later, on 6 April, the formation was redesignated as the 25th Armoured Engineer Brigade Royal Engineers. The brigade served in Italy until the end of the war.

See also

 British Armoured formations of World War II
 List of British brigades of the Second World War

References

Bibliography

25 Armoured Assault Brigade Royal Engineers
Engineer brigades of the British Army
Military units and formations established in 1945
Fulminating silver. Fulminating silver is a historic name which may apply to a number of silver based explosives which "fulminate" or detonate easily and violently. It has no exact chemical or dictionary definition, but may refer to:

 silver fulminate (which, confusingly, is the only "fulminating silver" to be a silver compound with the fulminate anion)
 silver azide, AgN3
 a mixture, a decomposition product of Tollens' reagent
 silver nitride, Ag3N - one of the earliest silver based explosives 
 the alchemical substance "Argentum Fulminans"

The stability of many of these compounds can vary depending on how they are stored or handled, with levels of hydration often being a major factor.

References

Fulminates
Silver compounds
Luis Gallego (businessman). Luis Gallego Martín (born December 1968) is a Spanish engineer and businessman who succeeded Willie Walsh as the chief executive officer (CEO) of International Airlines Group in 2020. He is the former CEO of Iberia.

Early life and education 
Martín was born and brought up in Madrid; he originates from Getafe, an industrial area of the city.

He studied at Colegio La Inmaculada – PP. Escolapios (Piarists) of Getafe, holds a degree in aeronautical engineering from the Technical University of Madrid and an Executive Development Programme (PDD) qualification from the IESE Business School (University of Navarra).

Career 
He began his career in the Spanish Air Force, and has since worked in Aviaco, INDRA and, between 1997 and 2006, in several positions with the Iberia franchise partner Air Nostrum, where he became technical manager of workshop maintenance until his transfer to Clickair, prior to its merger with Vueling.

At Vueling, he held the post of production manager, with responsibility for flight operations, training, quality, safety, maintenance, and ground operations. With a total of 47 aircraft and more than 1,600 employees under his command, he and his team achieved the highest ratings for punctuality, regularity, and customer satisfaction of any Spanish airline.

He was CEO of Iberia Express from 2012 until he was appointed Iberia's CEO on 27 March 2013. From 1 January 2014 onwards he was also Iberia's chairman. He is also a member of International Airlines Group (IAG)'s management committee, a holding made up of Iberia, Vueling, Aer Lingus and British Airways.

At Iberia, he was for having led the transformation and modernization process of the airline. In his first year as CEO, he cut the airline's losses by half, while in his second year in office, he was touted as being able to make Iberia profitable after six years of operating losses. He reached labour agreements with all Iberia's staff groups to reduce labour costs and increase employees' productivity. Since then, Iberia's quality and recommendation indexes of the airline's customers reached a record level and it became one of the world's most punctual airlines.

On 9 January 2020 he was set to replace Willie Walsh as CEO of IAG, but it was announced on 16 March that Walsh intended to delay his retirement to help the airline trade through the outbreak of COVID-19. The date of Walsh's departure was subsequently pushed back to 8 September 2020. The new Iberia CEO became the outgoing chairman and CEO of Vueling, Javier Sánchez-Prieto.

In one of his first major acts as CEO of IAG, Gallego replaced the CEO of British Airways Álex Cruz with the CEO of Aer Lingus Sean Doyle. Martín was described by BBC News as appearing "keen to make his mark and rebuild bridges with staff".

Personal life 
He supports Real Madrid CF and lives with his wife and two children in London in his capacity as IAG's CEO.

References 

Spanish chief executives
Iberia (airline)
Businesspeople from Madrid
Living people
1968 births
Chief executives in the airline industry
Technical University of Madrid alumni
University of Navarra alumni
British Iron and Steel Federation. The British Iron and Steel Federation (BISF), formed in 1934, was an organisation of British iron and steel producers responsible for the national planning of steel production.  Its creation was imposed on the industry by Ramsay MacDonald's National Government as a precondition to the establishment of steel import tariffs.  It was a successor to the National Federation of Iron and Steel Manufacturers, formed in 1918.

Sir William James Larke was the first director of the federation.

It continued to exist until 1967 when the industry was nationalised as British Steel Corporation during Harold Wilson's second term in government.

See also
 BISF house
 British Constructional Steelwork Association

References

External links
A History of UK Steel Industry Associations
Catalogue of the BISF archives, held at the Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick
Catalogue of the BISF Dissolution Committee archives, held at the Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick

Business organisations based in the United Kingdom
1934 establishments in the United Kingdom
Organizations established in 1934
Steel industry of the United Kingdom