omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Slovalco. Slovalco is a large Slovak metallurgical company that produced 160,000 tonnes of aluminium and alloys per annum.

In 2022, Slovalco laid off most of its 450 employees, citing high energy costs. Instead of concentrating on primary aluminium production, the company re-oriented to remelting with an expected annual output of roughly 75,000 tons. In January 2023, the company shut down the remaining 10 cells, ceasing aluminium production in the city after almost 70 years.

History
December 1985 - approval of project by the ČSSR's government in Prague ;
March 1986 - know - how contract signed with Hydro Aluminium and start of construction ;
1987 - carbon plant is finished
1989 - potroom is finished
1989 - last year of financing from state centralized sources 
1992 - construction ceases (65% of project complete) 
April 1993 - negotiation with EBRD 
7 June 1993 - Slovalco is founded 
July 1994 - Slovalco signs a sovereign guaranteed loan agreement with EBRD 
October 1994 - EBRD and Hydro Aluminium become shareholders 
June–December 1995 - the first 172 cells put into operation 
1996 - full operation of electrolysis - 112,000 tons produced 
August 2003 - 54 additional reduction cells put into operation - 226 cells in operation
June 2004 - the millionth tonne of aluminium produced

Ownership
Slovalco is owned 44.7% by a Slovak company called Penta Investments while the remaining 55.3% is owned by Norwegian company Hydro Aluminium part of Norsk Hydro based in Oslo, Norway.

Gallery

References

External links
Home page

Aluminium companies of Slovakia
Aluminium smelters
Slovak brands
William Le Roy Emmet. William Le Roy Emmet (July 10, 1859 – September 26, 1941) was an electrical engineer who made major contributions to alternating current power systems including the design of large rotary converters.

Biography

Emmet was born in New Rochelle, New York to William Jenkins Emmet and Julia Colt Pierson. He is the great-grandson of Thomas Addis Emmet, a lawyer, who was an elder brother of executed Irish nationalist Robert Emmet. His father's parents were Robert Emmet and Rosina Hubley. His mother's parents were Josiah G. Pierson and Julia Colt.

His sisters included noted portrait artists Rosina Emmet Sherwood, Lydia Field Emmet and Jane Emmet de Glehn.

In addition his brothers included, C. Temple Emmet, an attorney and sportsman who was a graduate of the Yale Forest School Class of 1902; William LeRoy Emmet, a graduate of the United States Naval Academy, Class of 1881; Devereux Emmet, who became a prominent golf course architect; and Richard Stockton Emmet. His uncle, John Emmet, attended West Point from 1814 to 1817. His first cousin was portrait artist Ellen Emmet Rand.

He graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1881. He joined the Edison General Electric 
Company in 1891. Three years later, after a merger, he became employee of General Electric Company (GE). Emmet was a leading advocate of the electrical propulsion of ships from turbines. His systems were first used in American ships during World War I.  He also developed the mercury vapour turbine system for electric power production.

Emmet was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1898. He received the AIEE Edison Medal in 1919 For inventions and developments of electrical apparatus and primo movers. He received the Elliott Cresson Medal of the Franklin Institute in 1920 and was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1921.  Emmet worked at GE into his 70s and held 122 patents.

Writing

Emmet's autobiography, Autobiography of an engineer, was published by Fort Orange Press in 1930 or 1931.

Sources
IEEE History Site William Le Roy Emmet
Hall of History

References

External links
National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir

1859 births
1941 deaths
ASME Medal recipients
American electrical engineers
Emmet family
Engineers from New York (state)
IEEE Edison Medal recipients
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Naval Consulting Board
People from New Rochelle, New York
United States Naval Academy alumni
Members of the American Philosophical Society
American people of Irish descent
Kinner K-5. The Kinner K-5 was a popular engine for light general and sport aircraft developed by Winfield B. 'Bert' Kinner. With the boom in civilian aviation after Charles Lindbergh's transatlantic flight the K-5 sold well. The K-5 was a rough running but reliable engine and the K-5 and its derivatives were produced in the thousands, powering many World War II trainer aircraft. The K-5 was followed by the B-5, R-5 and R-55. Military engines were designated R-370

Applications
 Adcox Special
 American Eagle A-129 biplane
 Chamberlin C-2
 Davis D-1-K
 Fleet Model 2
 Granville Brothers Model A biplane
 Kinner Sportster
 Kreutzer Air Coach
 Simplex C-2 Red Arrow
 Sullivan Model K-3 Crested Harpy
 Waco KSO

Specifications (Kinner K-5)

References

Further reading

External links

 http://www.oldengine.org/members/diesel/Duxford/usaero4.htm 

1930s aircraft piston engines
Aircraft air-cooled radial piston engines
George Thomson (shipbuilder). George Thomson (25 March 1815 – 29 June 1866) was a Scottish marine engineer and shipbuilder, born at Partick, Glasgow.

He served his apprenticeship with a Mr. Graham in Partick before entering the works of Mr. Robert Napier, where he quickly gained the best knowledge in marine engineering available.

He then went into business with his brother James and the firm of James & George Thomson was born. The Thomsons started with engine building then expanded into shipbuilding in 1851. They produced over forty steamers including the Russia, one of the top ships crossing the Atlantic. They then moved to Govan and later to a new works at Clydebank, increasing staff from 1,500 to over 4,000 at the new works. After James' early retirement and the sudden death of George, the new works were managed by the sons of George (also called James and George).

In 1899, Sheffield steel manufacturer John Brown & Co. took over the Clydebank shipyard founded by James and George Thomson.

External links
Memoirs and portraits of one hundred Glasgow men (1886)

References

1815 births
1866 deaths
People of the Industrial Revolution
Businesspeople from Glasgow
Scottish shipbuilders
Scottish engineers
British marine engineers
Scottish company founders
19th-century Scottish businesspeople
Burials at the Southern Necropolis
Kinner R-5. The Kinner R-5 is an American five cylinder radial engine for light general and sport aircraft of the 1930s.

Design and development
The R-5 was a development of the earlier Kinner B-5, with slightly greater power and dimensions. The main change was the increase in cylinder bore from 117 mm (4.625 in) to 127 mm (5 in) and an increase in piston stroke from 133.3 mm (5.25 in) to 139.7 mm (5.5 in). This led to a corresponding increase in displacement from 7.2 liters (441 cu in) to 8.8 liters (540 cu in). The R-5 was a rough running but reliable engine. Thousands of the R-5 and its derivatives were produced, powering many World War II trainer aircraft. Its military designation was R-540.

Applications

 Fleet Finch Model R
 Howard DGA-18 
 Kinner Sportwing
 Kinner Playboy
 Meyers OTW
 N2T Tutor
 Ryan PT-22 Recruit

Variants
R-5
R-53
R-55
R-56

Specifications (Kinner R-5)

See also

References

Further reading

External links
 http://www.oldengine.org/members/diesel/Duxford/usaero4.htm 

1930s aircraft piston engines
Aircraft air-cooled radial piston engines
ADSO. Application Development System Online (ADSO) is a tool used to expedite the writing and testing of modular applications using IDMS databases. Activities such as flow-of-control processing, data storage definition, data verification, editing, error handling, terminal input and output, menu creation and menu display are specified by using a series of screens instead of conventional detailed code.

ADSO or ADS/O or just ADS is originally Cullinet product, later company was acquired by Computer Associates.

Components 
ADS/O has three components ADSG, ADSA, ADSR.

 ADSA (ADS Application): Used to develop and compile processes/applications
 ADSG (ADS Map generator): Used to generate the screens/Maps for online application and compile the maps.
 ADSR (ADS Run time): Is used to run the Maps and Application generated by ADSA and ADSG in live ADSR environment.

Tools 
Other tools used along with ADS/O to develop ADS/O application are:

 DME (Dictionary Module Editor) – This is an editor which  is used to write the application programs. The programs created through IDD are stored in the IDD.
 MAPC (Create Maps) – This utility is used to design user interfaces i.e. screens.
 IDDM (Integrated Data Dictionary) – This is a menu driven utility which facilitates adding, modifying and querying objects in the Integrated Data Dictionary.

ADSO can be used to develop online or batch applications.

Benefits
 Prototype without writing much code
 Review screen displays before coding process logic
 Input records can be automatically edited and verified using the editing and error-handling facilities
 Has a built-in debugging process
 Monitors runtime performance and resource usage
 Process logic can be added at any time
 Testing abilities to view the data and change it if needed
 Allows for step-by-step trace through application

References
Martin and Leben. Fourth-Generation Languages. Prentice Hall. 1986.  Volume 2 (Representative 4GLs). Pages 42, 44, 45 and passim. Google Books.
Fabbri and Schwab. Practical Database Management. Pws-Kent Publishing Company. Boston. 1992. . Pages 146, 182 and 420 to 422. Google Books.

External links
Database Design Tool

Database administration tools
Material take off. Material take off (MTO) is a term used in engineering and construction, and refers to a list of materials with quantities and types (such as specific grades of steel) that are required to build a designed structure or item. This list is generated by analysis of a blueprint or other design document. The list of required materials for construction is sometimes referred to as the material take off list (MTOL).

Material take off is not limited to the amount of required material, but also the weight of the items taken off. This is important when dealing with larger structures, allowing the company that does the take off to determine total weight of the item and how best to move the item (if necessary) when construction is completed.

Definition used by the ISA (International Society of Automation)
A material take off (MTO) is the process of analyzing the drawings and determining all the materials required to accomplish the design. Thereafter, the material take off is used to create a bill of materials (BOM). Procurement and requisition are activities that occur after the bill of materials is complete, distinct from Inspection.

References
Whitt, Successful Instrument and Control System Design, ISA Press, 2004.

Engineering concepts
The final stages of the MTO is as instrumentally visible in the GAD (General Arrangement Drawing) for specific equipment. The MTO sheet is such an important document in projects as it presents a huge detail such as list of all Materials, quantities, weights, material types, material codes etc.
George Bacon (physicist). George Edward Bacon MA ScD (Cantab.) PhD (London) FInstP (born Derby, England, 5 December 1917  – 18 March 2011) was a British nuclear physicist, specializing in neutron diffraction.

Biography
The son of George H. Bacon and Lilian A. Bacon, of Derby, he was educated at Derby School and Emmanuel College, Cambridge (Scholar). In 1945, he married Enid Trigg (who died in 2003), and they had a son and a daughter.

Career
Bacon built the first neutron diffractometer in the UK at the Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell, and then made the first experiments outside the United States in neutron diffraction, a means of studying the basic structures and dynamics of materials. He wrote scientific papers, textbooks and review articles on the use of neutron scattering. His work included a study of the neutron intensities diffracted by crystals, which led to studies of the basic structure of molecules and of magnetism.  His book Neutron Diffraction was a standard text, beginning with the first edition in 1955.

1939–1946: Scientific Officer, Telecommunications Research Establishment of the Air Ministry 
1946–1963: Deputy Chief Scientific Officer, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell
1963–1981: Professor of Physics at the University of Sheffield
1969–1971: Dean of the Faculty of Pure Science, University of Sheffield
1981–2011: Emeritus professor of the University of Sheffield

Honours
1988: Leverhulme Emeritus Fellow
1999: Guthrie Medal and Prize and Fellow of the Institute of Physics
1998: Honorary degree of Doctor of Science, Sheffield

Major publications
Neutron Diffraction (1955)
Applications of Neutron Diffraction in Chemistry (1963) 
X-ray and Neutron Diffraction (1966) 
Neutron Physics (1969) 
Neutron Scattering in Chemistry (1977)
The Architecture of Solids (1981)
Fifty Years of Neutron Diffraction (1987)
Many scientific publications on X-ray and neutron crystallographic studies in Proceedings of the Royal Society, etc.

References

External links
British Crystallographic Association: 50 Years of Neutron Scattering
George E. Bacon In Memoriam

1917 births
Academics of the University of Sheffield
2011 deaths
Alumni of Emmanuel College, Cambridge
Scientists from Derby
British nuclear physicists
English physicists
People educated at Derby School
Fellows of the Institute of Physics
Bullnose. Bullnose is a term used in building construction for rounded convex trim, particularly in masonry and ceramic tile. It is also used in relation to road safety and (formerly) railroad engineering design.

Uses 
Bullnose trim is used to provide a smooth, rounded edge for countertops, staircase steps, building corners, verandas, or other construction. Masonry units such as bricks, concrete masonry units or structural glazed facing tiles may be ordered from manufacturers with square or bullnosed corners.

When referring to bullnose, it is sometimes modified by adding the word quarter or half.  In the illustration, one piece of quarter-bullnose tile is juxtaposed with a plain piece of tile, to create a finished look — note that the top trim strip shows a quarter-bullnose on two of its sides.

However, when referring to counter tops (such as a granite counter top in a kitchen) which extends beyond the edge of the underlying cabinetry, either a quarter-bullnose or half-bullnose edge may be used.  A half-bullnose can be constructed by bonding two sections with quarter-bullnose, effectively creating a 180-degree curve, in order to create a more finished appearance.  This would effectively double the thickness of that portion which extends beyond the cabinetry.

Non-architectural contexts
A bullnose is used in highway construction in North America and other countries to buffer and protect the end of the crash barrier or Jersey barrier at entrance and exit ramps.

In the 19th century, the roofs of railroad passenger cars often had a raised centre section to improve ventilation and internal lighting. They were called lantern or clerestory roofs. The design soon evolved to incorporate a bullnose at each end.

Name 

The term bullnose originates from the rounded nose of a bull.

See also 
 Morris Oxford bullnose

References 

Building materials
X. Henry Goodnough. X. Henry Goodnough (1860–1935) was an American engineer. Goodnough was chairman of Boston's Metropolitan Water District in the 1920s, and a chief advocate for the creation of the Quabbin Reservoir project. Goodnough Dike was named for him.

Early life and education
Xanthus Henry Goodnough was born October 23, 1860, in Brookline, Massachusetts, the son of Xanthus Goodnough, a farmer and native of Newton, and his wife, Kate (Hurley) Goodnough, a native of New Brunswick, Canada.  X. Henry Goodnough graduated from Harvard in 1882.

Career

X. Henry Goodnough, though he had no formal training as an engineer, became chief engineer for what was then called the Massachusetts State Board of Health. Later he became chief engineer of the Division of Sanitary Engineering of the new State Department of Public Health.
He left there to form a business with Bayard F. Snow, a fellow of the American Society of Civil Engineers, under the name of X. Henry Goodnough, Incorporated, and did engineering consulting work. His passion for creating the Quabbin Reservoir began when he worked for the state and continued after he became chairman of the Metropolitan Water Board.

Marriage and family
X. Henry Goodnough married Maria T. Dyer, a native of Boston.

Death
X. Henry Goodnough died on August 10, 1935.

References

1860 births
1935 deaths
People from Brookline, Massachusetts
Harvard University alumni
20th-century American engineers
Engineers from Massachusetts
Riser clamp. A riser clamp is a type of hardware used by mechanical building trades for pipe support in vertical runs of piping (risers) at each floor level. The devices are placed around the pipe, and integral fasteners are then tightened to clamp them onto the pipe.  The friction between the pipe and riser clamp transfers the weight of the pipe through the riser clamp to the building structure. Risers are generally located at floor penetrations, particularly for continuous floor slabs such as concrete.  They may also be located at some other interval as dictated by local building codes or at intermediate intervals to support plumbing which has been altered or repaired.  Heavier piping types, such as cast iron, require more frequent support.  Ordinarily, riser clamps are made of carbon steel and individually sized to fit certain pipe sizes.

There are at least two types of riser clamp:  the two-bolt pipe clamp and the yoke clamp.

References

Piping
Plumbing
Cummings C. Chesney. Cummings C. Chesney (Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania, October 28, 1863 – November 27, 1947) was an electrical engineer who made major contributions to alternating current power systems.

References
IEEE History Site Cummings C. Chesney
Hall of History Biography

1863 births
1947 deaths
American electrical engineers
IEEE Edison Medal recipients
People from Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania
Engineers from Pennsylvania
İrşadi Aksun. M. İrşadi Aksun (born 5 April 1957) is a Turkish professor of electrical and electronics engineering and the dean of College of Engineering at Koç University. He received his bachelor's and master's degrees from Middle East Technical University and his Ph.D. degree from the University of Illinois in 1990.

He returned to Turkey when he started to work in Bilkent University back in 1992. He passed to Koç University in 2001 as a professor of engineering and became the dean of College of Engineering in 2004. He received a TÜBİTAK award for his project on multi layer electronic circuits.

References 

Turkish non-fiction writers
Turkish electrical engineers
1957 births
Living people
Middle East Technical University alumni
Academic staff of Koç University
Place of birth missing (living people)
Academic staff of Özyeğin University
Wolff & Müller. Wolff & Müller is a construction company which operates internationally. The headquarters are at Schwieberdinger Straße, 107 Stuttgart, Germany. The company was founded in  by master builder Gottlob Müller and engineer Karl Wolff.

Wolff & Müller is one of the top ten German construction companies. Building projects include the Mercedes-Benz Museum and the Porsche Arena in Stuttgart.

Wolff and Müller plans and builds highways, bridges, factories, power plants, office buildings, sports arenas and hotels. The company is involved in the production of asphalt and sand. Wolff and Müller has a division for managing commercial property.

Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1936
1936 establishments in Germany
Construction and civil engineering companies of Germany

References
Polyolester. Polyolester oil (POE oil) is a type of wax-free synthetic oils used in refrigeration compressors that is compatible with the refrigerants R-134a, R-410A, and R-12. POE oils are used as a lubricant in systems using the refrigerant HFC-134a when replacing CFC-12, as these systems traditionally use mineral oil, which HFC-134a does not mix well with. These oils are used with chlorine-free hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigeration systems, as they provide better lubrication and stability and are more miscible with HFC refrigerants compared to synthetic and mineral oils of similar application. The dispersion behavior of POE oils has been studied for applications in nanotechnology.

Properties
The properties of POE oils are best described in comparison to lubricant mineral oils. POE oils are more hygroscopic, and react in air to form carboxylic acids. They typically have lower viscosity indexes than polyalkylene glycol (PAG) or poly-alpha-olefin (poly-α-olefin, PAO) oils, and higher viscosity grades are required in order to attain useful kinematic viscosity at higher oil temperatures.

Issues in application 
The same properties that make POE oil a solvent for oils also make it a solvent for other pieces of matter left behind during the manufacturing of a unit, such as dust, dirt, residue from soldering, small metal bits, and oxidized metal from the tubing. The residues collected can clog the system filters and cause excessive wear or damage to components such as the vanes or valves.

See also
Pentaerythritol tetraacrylate

References

Non-petroleum based lubricants
Joint Capability for Airborne Networking. Joint Capability for Airborne Networking (JCAN) is an airborne networking capability built by Northrop Grumman that builds upon the United States Air Force's Interim Capability for Airborne Networking and integrates with the United States Navy's Automated Digital Network System.  The Interim Capability for Airborne Networking is the precursor for the JCAN.

External links
Northrop Grumman - Joint Capability for Airborne Networking

Equipment of the United States Air Force