omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Antimycin. Antimycins are produced as secondary metabolites by Streptomyces bacteria, a soil bacteria.  These specialized metabolites likely function to kill neighboring organisms in order to provide the streptomyces bacteria with a competitive edge.

Chemical structures

Biosynthesis

Antimycins are produced by a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS)/polyketide synthase (PKS) assembly complex which acts as an assembly line for antimycin production.  The assembly is genetically coded for by the ant gene family. The assembly requires 14 proteins, AntBCDEFGHIJKLMNO, which shuttle the intermediates along the assembly line through a series of transesterifications, keto reductions, thiolations (addition of a sulfur containing group), condensations, and adenylations.  The last two steps involving AntB and AntO are tailoring steps.  The following steps describe chemically what the Ant Enzymes do in order to synthesize Antimycin.  Synthesis begins with tryptophan, an amino acid.

1. The indole ring of tryptophan, an amino acid,  is opened by a pathway-specific tryptophan-2.3-dioxygnease, AntN, to make N-formyl-L-kynurenine.

2.  N-formyl-L-kynurenine is converted to anthranilate by the pathway-specific kynureninase, AntP.

3. Anthranilate is activated by the acyl-CoA ligase protein, AntF and loaded onto its cognate carrier protein, AntG, for further processing.

4. Anthranilate is converted to 3-aminosalicylate by a multicomponent oxygenase, AntHIJKL.

5. 3-Aminosalicylate  is presented to the NRPS, AntC.  AntC has two modules which are organized Condensation1 (C1) -Adenylation1 (A1) -Thiolation1 (T1) -Condensation2 (C2) -Adenylation2 (A2) -Ketoreduction (KR) -Thiolation2 (T2). The A1 domain activates and loads threonine, an amino acid, onto T1, followed by a C1 promoted condensation of 3-aminosalicylate and threonine.  The A2 domain activates and loads pyruvate onto T2. Pyruvate is reduced by the KR domain and condensed with threonine by C2 

6. The Ketosynthase domain of PKS catalyses the decarboxylative condensation between the aminoacyl thioester attached to AntC T2 domain and the 2-carboxy-acyl moiety attached to AntD Acetyl Carrier Protein domain.

7. AntM catalyses the reduction of the β-keto group, which precedes the AntD TE domain – promoted release of the nine-membered dilactone

8. A lipase homologue, AntO, and acyltransferase homologue, AntB, catalyze the installation of the N-formyl group and the transesterification of the C-8 hydroxyl group, respectively, resulting in the backbone for the Antimycin family.

See also
 Antimycin A
 Urauchimycin

References

Secondary metabolites
Antibiotics
Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology. Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology (MMMUT) is a state university in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was established in 2013 by upgrading Madan Mohan Malaviya Engineering College (MMMEC), which was established in 1962, into a university.

History 
MMMUT has its roots in Madan Mohan Malaviya Engineering College (MMMEC), established in 1962. In October 2012, the Government of Uttar Pradesh announced that it will upgrade the college into a residential university, quoting the lack of technical education in Uttar Pradesh since the reorganisation of 2000, when Roorkee University went to Uttrakhand. The university was established a year later through the Uttar Pradesh Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology Act, 2013, which was passed by the government in September 2013.

Admissions
Under Graduate Admissions 
Undergraduate admissions until 2014 were being done through the Uttar Pradesh State Entrance Examinations SEE-UPTU, also known as UPSEE. Post the college was recognized as a State Technical University, the admissions to UG courses were taken through an admission test conducted by MMMUT named as Malaviya Entrance Test (MET).
From the session 2021-2022, Joint Entrance Examination – Main (JEE-MAIN) conducted by the National Testing Agency (NTA) replaced the MET for future BTech (First Year) admissions in the University.

Post Graduate Admissions
Admission to the MTech programme is done based on Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering- GATE Score of the candidate. 
Admission to courses like MCA and MSc were also taken by the Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur through the Malaviya Entrance Test (MET) till the academic session 2020-2021.
The University has finally decided to take future admissions in its BBA, B. Pharm., BTech II (Lateral Entry), MBA, MCA, MTech in 12 specialization streams, and MSc courses through the Uttar Pradesh Combined Entrance Test (UPCET) from the academic session 2021-2022.
The UPCET-2021 will also be conducted by National Testing Agency. UPCET is the replacement of UPSEE conducted earlier and is also referred to as Uttar Pradesh Joint Entrance Examinations (UPJEE).
Reservation rules are followed in admissions as per the norms of UP Govt./MMMUT, Gorakhpur.

Accreditation 
In 2022, MMMUT was accredited with an A grade by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC), the first state university in Uttar Pradesh to get this rank.

Rankings

The National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) ranked the university 84th in 2024. It increased its ranking to 84 in the 2024 rankings in Engineering category, 94 in University category and Rank-band: 101-150 in Overall.

References

External links
 

Universities in Uttar Pradesh
Engineering colleges in Uttar Pradesh
Education in Gorakhpur
Universities and colleges established in 1962
1962 establishments in Uttar Pradesh
Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University
British Rail Class 122. The British Rail Class 122 diesel mechanical multiple units were built by Gloucester RC&W in 1958.  Twenty single-car, double-ended driving motor vehicles, nicknamed "Bubble Cars", were built, numbered 55000–55019. These were supplemented by nine single-ended trailer vehicles, numbered 56291–56299 (some of which were later renumbered into the 54291–54299 block).

Construction

Operation 
The Class 122s were built mainly for use on the London Midland Region of British Railways, although some were also used in Scotland. They were used on a variety of lightly used lines, many of which were closed during the Beeching Axe in the 1960s including the ex-LSWR lines in West Devon and North Cornwall. Routes served included the Stourbridge Town and St Albans Abbey branch lines, as well as local services between Dundee and Arbroath. (The similar Pressed Steel Company built Class 121 single units were also used on the Western Region).

During the 1990s, refurbished Class 122 units were used on the Cornish branches between Liskeard and Looe and St Erth and St Ives.

Parcels conversion 
In 1968, three cars (55013–55015) were converted for use on the Scottish Region to carry parcels traffic and were reclassified Class 131, though the vehicles themselves were not renumbered. The converted vehicles were given the TOPS classification DXV.

Usage after passenger service 
Upon privatisation of Britain's railways, the Class 122 fleet has been withdrawn from normal service. However several units were operated by EWS and Network Rail (previously Railtrack) in departmental service, reclassified as Class 960.

Preservation 
"Bubble Cars" have proved popular for preservation on heritage railways.

Models 
Dapol has released models of the Class 122 railcar in both O gauge and OO gauge in a variety of liveries. In 2012, Dapol introduced a British N gauge model of the Class 122 in both BR blue and BR blue and grey liveries.

References

Sources

Further reading

External links 

Entry at the Railcar Association for class 122

122
Gloucester multiple units
Train-related introductions in 1958
Real-time video editing. Real-time video editing is a system of editing video where it takes no longer to render a video than the length of that video clip itself. Live video editing is where there are various cameras at various angles and position, capturing single or multiple subjects and the footage is routed through a vision mixing device and edited and transmitted in real-time.

Broadcasters traditionally used large, disparate computer systems for real-time video editing with multiple CPUs, multiple gigabytes of RAM and high-powered hard drives. Some had additional hardware components designed to enhance the performance of the specific video editing software being used. Other approaches used to ensure real-time playback included continuous background rendering, and using multiple networked computers to share the rendering load. These systems would allow broadcasters to edit and render a video clip in 30 minutes.

These systems are now outdated thanks to the instantaneous nature of social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter. Broadcasters and content rights holders now use cloud-based video editing technology which allows them to clip, edit and share video across multiple digital platforms such as websites and social apps within seconds rather than minutes.

Blackbird is one of the earliest examples of a cloud-based video service. Invented by Stephen Streater and released in 2004, it is credited as the first cloud-based video editor.  Its diverse userbase extends from global, national and regional media organisations, leading sports content distributors and post-production houses to government departments.

Grabyo is an example of a cloud-based real-time video editing platform. It was founded in 2013, has partnerships with Facebook and Twitter and is used by some of the largest media companies in Europe and North America.

See also
Comparison of video editing software
Non-linear editing

References

Film and video technology
GAU-7 cannon. The Ford-Philco GAU-7/A was an abortive program initiated by United States Air Force in the late 1960s to develop a new cannon for the proposed F-14 ADC interceptor and replace the M61 Vulcan on the then-upcoming F-15 Eagle. The GAU-7/A was a 25 mm Gatling gun using telescoped ammunition with a combustible case developed by the Brunswick Corporation. It was intended to have greater range and hitting power than the 20 mm Vulcan, while the caseless ammunition would have alleviated the problems of either storing or ejecting spent cartridges, both of which present considerable problems for jet aircraft.

Despite great expenditure, the project and its ammunition proved to be a failure, and it was canceled in 1974. The F-15 therefore retained the M61A1 cannon, as have most U.S. fighter aircraft since 1956.

See also
GAU-12 Equalizer

References

Multi-barrel machine guns
Rotary cannon
Caseless firearms
Aircraft guns
25 mm artillery
Stanford bunny. The Stanford bunny is a computer graphics 3D test model developed by Greg Turk and Marc Levoy in 1994 at Stanford University. The model consists of 69,451 triangles, with the data determined by 3D scanning a ceramic figurine of a rabbit. This figurine and others were scanned to test methods of range scanning physical objects.

The data can be used to test various graphics algorithms, including polygonal simplification, compression, and surface smoothing. There are a few complications with this dataset that can occur in any 3D scan data: the model is manifold connected and has holes in the data, some due to scanning limits and some due to the object being hollow. These complications provide a more realistic input for any algorithm that is benchmarked with the Stanford bunny, though by today's standards, in terms of geometric complexity and triangle count, it is considered a simple model.

The model was originally available in .ply (polygons) file format in four different resolutions.

The model can be found at https://graphics.stanford.edu/data/3Dscanrep/

See also
3D modeling
Stanford dragon
Utah teapot
Suzanne (3D model)
Cornell box
List of common 3D test models

References

External links

 The Stanford 3D Scanning Repository provides the Stanford bunny model for download.

3D graphics models
Test items
Fictional rabbits and hares
1994 works
Stanford University
Greg Turk. Greg Turk is an American-born researcher in the field of computer graphics and a professor at the School of Interactive Computing in the College of Computing at the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech). His paper "Zippered polygon meshes from range images", concerning the reconstruction of surfaces from point data, brought the "Stanford bunny", a frequently used example object in computer graphics research, into the CGI lexicon. Turk actually purchased the original Stanford Bunny and performed the initial scans on it. He is also known for his work on simplification of surfaces, and on reaction–diffusion-based texture synthesis. In 2008, Turk was the technical papers chair of SIGGRAPH 2008. In 2012, Greg Turk was awarded the ACM Computer Graphics Achievement Award 2012.

Education and computer graphics research
After receiving his Ph.D. from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill under the supervision of Henry Fuchs in 1992, Turk was a postdoctoral researcher at Stanford University from 1992 to 1994 with Marc Levoy before he returned to UNC-Chapel Hill as a research professor from 1994 to 1996. He joined the Georgia Tech faculty in 1996. The following year, Turk was awarded an NSF CAREER Award, one of the most prestigious awards granted by the NSF to new faculty.

It was while at Stanford that he first brought the "Stanford bunny" back to the lab for scanning, which he recounts in a "had I but known" fashion:

Personal life
Turk was born in 1961, and grew up in Southern California. He attended Santa Monica High School in the 1970s, where he was a member of the nonmusical group "The Olive Starlight Orchestra", along with David Linden, Keith Goldfarb, David Coons, Susan P. Crawford, Eric Enderton and Jan Steckel. He did his undergraduate work at UCLA.

A guitarist in a short-lived band while he attended UCLA, Turk performed with the group as "Industrial Waist", which also had Jack Watt (on drums; formerly Jackie Watt before he transitioned), the mathematician and teacher Paul Lockhart (lead vocals, guitar; Lockhart later became known for writing the internet sensation, and later book, A Mathematician's Lament), the Rhythm and Hues Studios co-founder Keith Goldfarb (bass guitar player), and Alex Melnick (the band's original drummer). Turk and Lockhart were roommates in Santa Monica for a couple of years while they attended UCLA.

Turk lives in Atlanta.

Notable publications
Citations taken from his Google Scholar Profile (May 2014).

Turk G, Levoy M. (1994) "Zippered polygon meshes from range images" cited: 1254
Turk G (1992) "Re-tiling polygonal surfaces" cited: 1038
Turk G (1991) "Generating textures on arbitrary surfaces using reaction–diffusion" cited: 517

See also 
 Turmites

References

External links
 Greg Turk's homepage
 Greg Turk's publications at DBLP.
 
 The Stanford Bunny

Living people
Georgia Tech faculty
Computer graphics professionals
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill alumni
1961 births
MGE. MGE is a three letter acronym, which may mean:
Madison Gas and Electric
Mahatma Gandhi Expressway
Medial Ganglionic Eminence, a transitory structure in the development of the nervous system
GM Medium Gasoline Engine
MGE UPS Systems, maker of three-phase uninterruptible power supplies, a subsidiary of Schneider Electric since 2003
MGE Office Protection Systems, maker of single-phase UPSes, bought from Schneider by Eaton Corporation in 2007
Missouri Gas Energy, a natural gas distribution company
Mobile genetic elements
Modular GIS Environment
Machine Gun Etiquette, an album by The Damned
Myanma Gems Enterprise

ru:MGE
Drafting. Drafting or draughting may refer to:

 Campdrafting, an Australian equestrian sport
 Drafting (aerodynamics), slipstreaming
 Drafting (writing), writing something that is likely to be amended
 Technical drawing, the act and discipline of composing diagrams that communicates how something functions or is to be constructed. E.g.:
 Architectural drawing
 Electrical drawing
 Engineering drawing
 Plumbing drawing
 Structural drawing
 Textile manufacturing weaving pattern
 Conscription into compulsory military service
 Draft (sports), where new players are chosen by the teams rather than the players choosing their teams
 Drafting, a hand spinning method of preparing fibers for spinning into yarn
 Drafting dog, a dog drawing a cart

See also
 Draft (disambiguation)
Physics of skiing. The physics of skiing refers to the analysis of the forces acting on a person while skiing.

The motion of a skier is determined by the physical principles of the conservation of energy and the frictional forces acting on the body.  For example, in downhill skiing, as the skier is accelerated down the hill by the force of gravity, their gravitational potential energy is converted to kinetic energy, the energy of motion. In the ideal case, all of the potential energy would be converted into kinetic energy; in reality, some of the energy is lost to heat due to friction.

One type of friction acting on the skier is the kinetic friction between the skis and snow.  The force of friction acts in the direction opposite to the direction of motion, resulting in a lower velocity and hence less kinetic energy.  The kinetic friction can be reduced by applying wax to the bottom of the skis which reduces the coefficient of friction.  Different types of wax are manufactured for different temperature ranges because the snow quality changes depending on the current weather conditions and thermal history of the snow.  The shape and construction material of a ski can also greatly impact the forces acting on a skier.  Skis designed for use in powder condition are  very different from skis designed for use on groomed trails.  These design differences can be attributed to the differences in the snow quality.

An illustration of how snow quality can be different follows.  In an area which experiences fluctuation in temperatures around 0°C - freezing temperature of water, both rain and snowfall are possible. Wet snow or the wet ground can freeze into a slippery sheet of ice.  In an area which consistently experiences temperatures below 0°C, snowfall leads to accumulation of snow on the ground.  When fresh, this snow is fluffy and powder-like.  This type of snow has a lot of air space.  Over time, this snow will become more compact, and the lower layers of snow will become more dense than the top layer. Skiers can use this type of information to improve their skiing experience by choosing the appropriate skis, wax, or by choosing to stay home.  Search and rescue teams, and backcountry users rely on our understanding of snow to navigate the dangers present in the outdoors.

The second type of frictional force acting on a skier is drag.  This is typically referred to as "air resistance".   The drag force is proportional to the cross-sectional area of a body (e.g. the skier) and the square of its velocity and density relative to the fluid in which the body is traveling through (e.g. air).  To go faster, a skier can try to reduce the cross-sectional area of their body.  Downhill skiers can adopt more aerodynamic positions such as tucking.  Alpine ski racers wear skin tight race suits.  The general area of physics which addresses these forces is known as fluid dynamics.

References

External links 
 Math models of the physics of skiing
 Paper on carving
 The square-cube law in aircraft design

Mechanics
Biomechanics
Skiing
PALASM. PALASM is an early hardware description language, used to translate Boolean functions and state transition tables into a fuse map for use with Programmable Array Logic (PAL) devices introduced by Monolithic Memories, Inc. (MMI). The language was developed by John Birkner in the early 1980s. It is not case-sensitive. 

The PALASM compiler was written by MMI in FORTRAN IV on an IBM 370/168. MMI made the source code available to users at no cost. By 1983, MMI customers ran versions on the DEC PDP-11, Data General NOVA, Hewlett-Packard HP 2100, MDS800 and others. A widely used MS-DOS port was produced by MMI. There was a Windows front-end written sometime later.

See also 
 Advanced Boolean Expression Language (ABEL)

References

 PALASM 4 V1.5 download

External links
brouhaha.com - MMI PALASM notes with FORTRAN Source Code
"MMI Datebook" with PALASM examples and users guide

Hardware description languages
Morane-Saulnier N. The Morane-Saulnier N, also known as the Morane-Saulnier Type N, was a French monoplane fighter aircraft of the First World War. Designed and manufactured by Morane-Saulnier, the Type N entered service in April 1915 with the Aéronautique Militaire designated as the MoS-5 C1. It also equipped four squadrons of the Royal Flying Corps, in which it was nicknamed the Bullet, and was operated in limited numbers by the 19th Squadron of the Imperial Russian Air Force.

Description

While the Type N was a clean, streamlined aircraft, it was not easy to fly due to a combination of stiff lateral control caused by using wing warping instead of ailerons, sensitive pitch and yaw controls caused by using an all flying tail, and very high landing speed for the period. The Type N mounted a single unsynchronized forward-firing 7.9 mm Hotchkiss machine gun which used the deflector wedges first used on the Morane-Saulnier Type L, in order to fire through the propeller arc. The later I and V types used a .303-in Vickers machine gun.

A large metal "casserolle" spinner, appearing much like those used on the Deperdussin Monocoque pre-war racer of 1912, was designed to streamline the aircraft; but caused the engines to overheat. In 1915, the spinners were removed and the overheating problems disappeared with little loss in performance.

Morane-Saulnier manufactured 49 aircraft but the model was quickly rendered obsolete by the pace of aircraft development at that time.

Variants
Morane-Saulnier Type N
Single-seat fighter-scout monoplane.
Morane-Saulnier Type Nm
The Type Nm had a modified tail unit. Built in small numbers.
Morane-Saulnier I
more powerful version with 110  Le Rhône 9J.
Morane-Saulnier V
Longer range version of I.

Operators

 
 Aeronautique Militaire
 
 Imperial Russian Air Force
  Ukrainian People's Republic
 Ukrainian People's Republic Air Fleet - Three aircraft.
 
 Royal Flying Corps
 No. 4 Squadron RFC
 No. 60 Squadron RFC

Specifications (Type N)

See also

References

Bibliography

Bruce, J.M. War Planes of the First World War: Fighters: Volume Five. London: Macdonald, 1972. .
Bruce, Jack. "The Bullets and the Guns". Air Enthusiast. No. 9, February–May 1979. pp. 61–75. 
 

1910s French fighter aircraft
Morane-Saulnier aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1914
Rotary-engined aircraft
Shoulder-wing aircraft
Advanced Brake Warning. Advanced Brake Warning Systems are a technology developed in Israel in 1989 which display additional signalling information, such as by actuating the brake lights when a driver suddenly and abruptly releases the accelerator pedal in preparation for a panic stop.

Other proposed systems advocate a different signal (brake lights brighter or blinking) during a hard panic stop or when a vehicle is no longer moving at all.

While these concepts were advocated to various regulatory bodies in the U.S. and Europe during the 1990s, the idea has met with limited enthusiasm and much opposition. Many of the objections assert that drivers do not have time to assimilate extra information sent by non-standard signalling apparatus and that even the advanced warning of a brake light being actuated by the driver's foot suddenly leaving the accelerator could generate enough false alerts to render the impact of such a system meaningless.

The systems are therefore not approved even as aftermarket devices in many western markets and there is little prospect of them being required to be installed on new cars by automobile manufacturers anytime in the near future.

External links 
Economic council for Europe - inland transport committee report
US NHTSA report

Vehicle safety technologies