omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
MV Empire MacCallum. MV Empire MacCallum was a grain ship converted to a merchant aircraft carrier or MAC ship.

History
MV Empire MacCallum was built at Lithgows shipyard, Glasgow, Scotland, under order from the Ministry of War Transport. As a MAC ship, only her air crew and the necessary maintenance staff were naval personnel, She was operated by Hain Steam Ship Co Ltd of St Ives. On 7 July 1944, a Fairey Swordfish aircraft mistakenly sank the Free French submarine  in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Newfoundland. Among the aircraft that served on Empire MacCallum was Fairey Swordfish Mk II LS326 where it became part of 'K' flight. The aircraft had previously been on . In November 2010, it was airworthy with the Royal Navy Historic Flight.

After the war, the ship was converted to a grain carrier, and eventually scrapped at Osaka in 1960.

See also 
 List of aircraft carriers

References

External links
 

World War II aircraft carriers of the United Kingdom
Bulk carriers
Grain ships
Empire MacCallum
Empire ships
1943 ships
MV Empire MacKendrick. MV Empire MacKendrick was a Merchant Aircraft Carrier or MAC ship converted to become a grain ship.

The Burntisland Shipbuilding Company Ltd, Fife, Scotland, built her under order from the Ministry of War Transport and was delivered on 12 December 1943. As a MAC ship, only her air crew and the necessary maintenance staff were naval personnel. She was operated by William Thomson & Co (the Ben Line).

After the war the ship was converted to a grain carrier. In 1967, while under Bulgarian management, she was trapped in the Suez Canal by the Six-Day War. She was scrapped at Split in 1975.

See also
 List of aircraft carriers

References

External links
  

World War II aircraft carriers of the United Kingdom
Bulk carriers
Grain ships
Empire MacKendrick
Empire ships
1943 ships
Ships of Bulgaria
MV Empire MacRae. MV Empire MacRae was a grain ship converted to become a Merchant Aircraft Carrier or MAC ship during the Second World War.

She was built at Lithgows shipyard in Glasgow, Scotland, under order from the Ministry of War Transport. As a MAC ship, only her air crew and the necessary maintenance staff were naval personnel and she was operated by Hain Steam Ship Co Ltd of St Ives.

After the war, the ship was converted to a grain carrier and was eventually scrapped at Kaohsiung in 1971.

See also 
 List of aircraft carriers

References

External links
 FAA archive Empire MacRae - 

World War II aircraft carriers of the United Kingdom
Bulk carriers
Grain ships
Empire MacRae
Empire ships
1943 ships
Analog telephone adapter. An analog telephone adapter (ATA) or FXS gateway is a device for connecting traditional analog telephones, fax machines, and similar customer-premises devices to a digital telephone system or a voice over IP telephone network.

An ATA is often built into a small enclosure with an internal or external power adapter, an Ethernet port, and one or more foreign exchange station (FXS) telephone ports. Such devices may also have a foreign exchange office (FXO) interface for providing alternative access to traditional landline telephone service.

The ATA provides dial tone, ringing generator, DC power, caller ID data and other standard telephone line signaling (known collectively as BORSCHT) to the telephone connected to a modular jack.

The digital interface of the ATA typically consists of an Ethernet port to connect to an Internet Protocol (IP) network, but may also be a USB port for connecting the device to a personal computer.

Using such an ATA, it is possible to connect a conventional telephone to a remote VoIP server. The ATA communicates with the server using a protocol such as H.323, SIP, MGCP, SCCP or IAX, and encodes and decodes the voice signal using a voice codec such as G.711, G.729, GSM, or iLBC. Since the ATA communicates directly with the VoIP server, it does not require a personal computer or any software such as a softphone. It uses approximately 3 to 5 watts of electricity, depending on the model and brand.

Often an ATA is connected between an IP network (such as a broadband connection) and the existing telephone wiring of the residence through one of the jacks to provide public switched telephone network (PSTN) access.

See also
 Telephone VoIP adapter

References

VoIP hardware
Telephony equipment
SBP. SBP may refer to:

Science, medicine and technology
 Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute
 Scannerless Boolean Parser, a software development tool
 Serial Bus Protocol 2, a computer interconnect specification
 Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
 SBP-tag (Streptavidin-Binding Peptide-tag), an amino acid sequence
 Solitary bone plasmacytoma, a type of cancer
 Sex steroid-binding protein
Systolic blood pressure, maximum blood pressure during one heartbeat

Schools
 Sekolah Berasrama Penuh, a school system in Malaysia
 Student body president

Organizations
 Samahang Basketbol ng Pilipinas, the national basketball federation of the Philippines
 SBP (nonprofit organization) (formerly the St. Bernard Project), a disaster relief organization
 Serbisyo sa Bayan Party, a Philippine political party
 Society of Business Practitioners, a British professional institute
 State Bank of Pakistan
 Swatantra Bharat Party, an Indian political party
 The Sunday Business Post, an Irish financial newspaper

Transport
 IATA airport code for San Luis Obispo County Regional Airport in California, US
 National Rail station code for Stonebridge Park station in London, England

Other uses
 SIL International code for Sangu, a language of Tanzania
 Soft Border Patrol, a Northern Irish mockumentary sitcom
 "Sweet but Psycho", a 2018 song by Ava Max
Georges Valensi. M. Georges Valensi (1889–1980) was a French telecommunications engineer who, in 1938, invented and patented a method of transmitting color images via luma and chrominance so that they could be received on both color and black & white television sets. Rival color television methods, which had been in development since the 1920s, were incompatible with monochrome televisions.

Valensi was an official of CCIF serving first as Secretary-General (1923–1948) and then as Director (1949–1956).

All current widely deployed color television broadcast standards – NTSC, SECAM, PAL and today's digital standards, and importantly digital image data compression – implement some form of his idea of reducing a signal to a separate luminance with chrominance encoded separately. The original patents expired in 1962.

References

French telecommunications engineers
20th-century French inventors
Television pioneers
1889 births
1980 deaths
Tar paper. Tar paper, roofing paper, felt paper, underlayment, or roofing tar paper is a heavy-duty paper used in construction. Tar paper is made by impregnating paper  with tar, producing a waterproof material useful for roof construction. Tar paper is similar to roofing felt, historically a felt-like fabric made from recycled rags impregnated with melted asphalt, and today evolving into a more complex underlayment of synthetic mesh or fiberglass strands waterproofed by synthetically enhanced asphalt.

Description

Tar paper has been in use for centuries. It is defined as a Grade D building paper—a designation derived from a federal specification in the United States. Sometimes anachronistically referred to as "building paper", tar paper is manufactured from virgin kraft paper (as opposed to the fabric-based or synthetic mesh substrates of roofing felt) impregnated with asphalt.  The result is a lighter-weight but less durable product with similar properties to felt.

Grade papers are rated in minutes: the amount of time it takes for a moisture-sensitive chemical indicator to change color when a small boat-like sample is floated on water. Common grades include 10-, 20-, 30-, and 60-minute. The higher the rating, the heavier and more moisture-resistant the paper. A typical 20-minute paper will weigh about  per square, a 30-minute paper  per square, and a 60-minute paper about  per square. The smaller volume of material, however, does tend to make these papers less resistant to moisture than heavier felts.

Uses
Tar paper is used as a roofing underlayment with asphalt, wood, shake, and other roof shingles as a form of intermediate bituminous waterproofing. It is sold in rolls of various widths, lengths, and thicknesses –  rolls,  long and "15 lb" () and "30 lb" () weights are common in the U.S. – often marked with chalk lines at certain intervals to aid in laying it out straight on roofs with the proper overlap (more overlap for flatter roofs).

It is typically stapled in place, or held with roofing nails, and is sometimes applied in several layers with hot asphalt, cold asphalt (adhesive), or non-asphaltic adhesives.

Older construction typically used a lighter-weight tar paper, stapled up with some overlap, as a water- and wind-proofing material on walls, largely displaced in recent decades by breathable plastic housewrap, commonly in  widths.

In the 19th and early 20th centuries, shacks of wooden frames covered with tar paper were a common form of temporary structure or very low-cost permanent housing in the rural United States and Canada, particularly in the temperate American South.

References

Building materials
Paper
Roofs
Moisture protection
Roofing materials
Ext. Ext, ext or EXT may refer to:
 Ext functor, used in the mathematical field of homological algebra
 Ext (JavaScript library), a programming library used to build interactive web applications
 Exeter Airport (IATA airport code), in Devon, England
 Exeter St Thomas railway station (station code), in Exeter, England
 Extended file system, a file system created for Linux
 Exton station (Pennsylvania) (Amtrak station code), in Exton, Pennsylvania 
 Extremaduran language (ISO language code), spoken in Spain
 Extremeroller, a former roller coaster at Worlds of Fun, Kansas City, Missouri
 Cadillac Escalade EXT, a sport utility truck
CSS Charleston. CSS Charleston was a casemate ironclad ram built for the Confederate Navy (CSN) at Charleston, South Carolina during the American Civil War. Funded by the State of South Carolina as well as donations by patriotic women's associations in the city, she was turned over to the Confederate Navy and defended the city until advancing Union troops that threatened Charleston caused her to be destroyed in early 1865 lest she be captured. Her wreck was salvaged after the war and the remains have been obliterated by subsequent dredging.

Construction and description
James M. Eason was awarded a contract by the State of South Carolina to build a larger ironclad at Charleston in November 1862 after he finished the casemate ram . Funds were also contributed by the city's "Ladies' Gun-boat Association", which led to Charlestons nickname of the "Ladies' Gunboat". He began construction the next month and completed the ship in September 1863.

Charleston was  long overall and had a beam of . Her depth of hold was  and she had a draft . The ship had a displacement of . Charlestons propulsion system is unknown, but her engine had a diameter of  and her propeller was  in diameter. At any rate, she was credited with a speed of . The ship was armed with two  smoothbore guns at the ends of the ship, probably Dahlgren guns, and four muzzle-loading Brooke rifles on the broadside that fired  projectiles, which would make them  guns although their exact type is unknown. Charleston was also fitted with a wrought-iron ram. The ship's armor was  thick. All together, her ram and armor weighed . Her crew numbered 150 officers and enlisted men.

Service
Once completed, Charleston served as the flagship of the CSN's Charleston Squadron together with the rams  and Chicora. Her only captain was Commander Isaac N. Brown. The ship was set on fire and blown up with  of gunpowder in the Cooper River on the night of 17/18 February 1865 to prevent her capture by the Union Army once the city was evacuated by the Confederates. The wreck was salvaged to a depth of  below low water by Benjamin Maillefort in 1872–73 and the site has been thoroughly dredged to deepen the channel, destroying any remains. Its last known location was at

References

Bibliography 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Ironclad warships of the Confederate States Navy
Shipwrecks of the Carolina coast
Shipwrecks of the American Civil War
Ships built in Charleston, South Carolina
Maritime incidents in February 1865
1863 ships
SACS. SACS may refer to:
 SACS, a finite element analysis software by Bentley Systems
 SACS (gene), a human gene that encodes the protein Sacsin
 The South Atlantic Cable System, a transoceanic submarine communications cable
 Saint Alphonsus Catholic School, a Catholic School found at Lapu-Lapu City, Cebu, Philippines
 St Andrew's Cathedral School, an Anglican school in Sydney, Australia
 The South African College Schools, a school in Cape Town, South Africa
 The Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, an educational accreditation body in the southern United States
 Success Academy Charter Schools
 Southwest Allen County Schools, a school district in Indiana
 Structural Analysis of Cultural Systems, an NGO
 Suzuki Advanced Cooling System, used in some Suzuki motorcycle engines

See also
 Sacs, an alternate name for the Sauk, a native American people
Quantum dot laser. A quantum dot laser is a semiconductor laser that uses quantum dots as the active laser medium in its light emitting region. Due to the tight confinement of charge carriers in quantum dots, they exhibit an electronic structure similar to atoms. Lasers fabricated from such an active media exhibit device performance that is closer to gas lasers, and avoid some of the negative aspects of device performance associated with traditional semiconductor lasers based on bulk or quantum well active media. Improvements in modulation bandwidth, lasing threshold, relative intensity noise, linewidth enhancement factor and temperature insensitivity have all been observed. The quantum dot active region may also be engineered to operate at different wavelengths by varying dot size and composition. This allows quantum dot lasers to be fabricated to operate at wavelengths previously not possible using semiconductor laser technology. One challenge in the further advances with quantum dot lasers is the presence of multicarrier Auger processes which increases the nonradiative rate upon population inversion. Auger processes are intrinsic to the material but, in contrast to bulk semiconductors, they can be engineered to some degree in quantum dots at the cost of reducing the radiative rate. Another obstacle to the specific goal of electrically-pumped quantum dot lasing is the generally weak conductivity of quantum dot films.

Devices based on quantum dot active media have found commercial application in medicine (laser scalpel, optical coherence tomography), display technologies (projection, laser TV), spectroscopy and telecommunications. A 10 Gbit/s quantum dot laser that is insensitive to temperature fluctuation for use in optical data communications and optical networks has been developed using this technology. The laser is capable of high-speed operation at 1.3 μm wavelengths, at temperatures from 20 °C to 70 °C. It works in optical data transmission systems, optical LANs and metro-access systems. In comparison to the performance of conventional strained quantum-well lasers of the past, the new quantum dot laser achieves significantly higher stability of temperature.

Newer, so called "Comb lasers" based on quantum dot lasers have been found to be capable of operating at wavelengths of ≥ 80 nm and be unaffected by temperatures between -20 °C and 90 °C, and allow higher accuracy with reduced fluctuations and less relative intensity noise.

In development are colloidal quantum dot lasers, which would use quantum confinement to change the optical properties of the semiconductor crystals (≤ 10 nm in diameter) through solution-based rearrangements of quantum dots.

See also
List of laser articles

References 

Semiconductor lasers
Quantum dots
Applicative programming language. In the classification of programming languages, an applicative programming language is built out of functions applied to arguments. Applicative languages are functional, and applicative is often used as a synonym for functional. However, concatenative languages can be functional, while not being applicative.

The semantics of applicative languages are based on beta reduction of terms, and Side effect such as mutation of state are not permitted.

Lisp and ML are applicative programming languages.

See also
 Applicative universal grammar
 Function-level programming

References

Programming language classification
Applicative computing systems
Cyberman (film). Cyberman is a 2001 documentary film about Steve Mann, inventor of the EyeTap. It was directed by Peter Lynch, but much of the material in the film was also shot by Mann himself, through his EyeTap. Thus Cyberman may well have been the first film in which the subject incidentally or existentially (i.e. just by being himself) shot much of the material used in the film.

The book Cyborg... was released the same year, and much of the material in the film is based on material in an early draft of the book's manuscript.

Novelist William Gibson appears in the film, in conjunction with Mann's presentation at the TED (Technology Entertainment and Design) conference. Mann and Gibson were both presenters at TED, and the interview takes place immediately following their presentations at the conference.

References

External links
 

2001 films
Canadian documentary films
2001 documentary films
Films directed by Peter Lynch
2000s English-language films
2000s Canadian films
English-language Canadian films
English-language documentary films
Southern Railway multiple unit numbering and classification. The Southern Railway created classification and numbering systems for its large fleet of electric multiple units, perpetuated by the Southern Region of British Rail until the early 1980s, when the impact of TOPS was felt. Some stock is still allocated Southern-style classifications in a semi-official manner.

Classification
The early AC electric multiple units were referred to by a two-letter code. This was adapted for the DC third-rail system that was adopted by the Southern Railway, with units being given a three-letter code (sometimes two letters) prefixed by the number of cars in each unit, e.g. 4SUB for a four-car suburban unit.

The Southern Region perpetuated this, and the same principles were adopted for diesel-electric multiple units but with single-letter codes. The last type to be officially allocated a designation in this series was the PEP stock of the early 1970s. Some types built since have been given semi-official designations in this style.

This is different from the system used by British Rail (adopted from the LNER) to indicate the type of non-powered coach — see British Rail coach type codes.

AC EMUs

DC EMUs

Diesel-electric multiple units

Unit numbering
Unit numbers were allocated from 1001, following the 1–1000 set numbers of semi-fixed formations of hauled coaching stock. Different types of unit were given numbers:

This series was perpetuated by the Southern Region with modifications, as older set numbers were reused for the following different types:

2PEP reused number 2001, 4REP from 3001 and 4PEP 4001/4002. This series was abandoned in 1983, when units were renumbered to fit in with the TOPS classification system, which had nominally been in use for a decade.  Even then, many units displayed only the last four digits, dropping the first two digits – e.g. unit 412 301 would have the number "2301" applied.  Only with later units and 2xx series DEMUs were the full numbers shown, e.g. Classes 456, 458/5, 465 and 466, and some Class 455 sets, carry full six-digit numbers.

See also
 List of British Rail classes
 British Rail brand names

Notes

References

Southern Railway (UK)
Rolling stock classification systems
François Lionet. François Lionet is a French programmer, best known for having written STOS BASIC on the Atari ST and AMOS BASIC on the Amiga (along with Constantin Sotiropoulos). He has also written several games on these platforms.

In 1994, he founded Clickteam with Yves Lamoureux, producing the Klik series of games-creation tools, including Multimedia Fusion.

Software
  2023 AOZ Studio 1
  2019 AMOS 2 project (vaporware)
  2013 Clickteam Fusion 2.5
  2006 The Games Factory 2.0
  2006 Multimedia Fusion 2.0
  2002 Multimedia Fusion 1.5
  1999 
  1997-98 Multimedia Fusion 1.0
  1996-97 The Games Factory 1.0
  1995-96 Corel Click & Create
  1993-94 Klik & Play
  1993 AMOSPro Compiler
  1992 AMOS Professional
  1992 Easy AMOS
  1991 AMOS Compiler
  1990 AMOS BASIC
  1989 STOS Compiler
  1988 STOS BASIC
  1987 Captain Blood (PC and C64)
  1983-86 Various 8-bit games

References

External links
 AWI on Patron (2024)
 Youtube

Amiga people
French computer programmers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Video game programmers
Hanger. Hanger or hangers may refer to:

Hardware
 Clothes hanger, a device in the shape of human shoulders or legs used to hang clothes on
 Casing hanger, part of a wellhead assembly in oil drilling
 Derailleur hanger, a slot in a bicycle frame where the derailleur bolt attaches
 Tie (engineering), a type of structural member
 Hanger, part of a skateboard
 Hanger, a sword similar to a cutlass, used by woodsmen and soldiers in 17th to 18th centuries
 A hanger, a vertical cable or rod connecting the roadway of a suspension bridge to the bridge's main cable or arch

People
 George Wallace William Hanger (1866–1935), American
 George Hanger, 4th Baron Coleraine (1750–1824), English author and soldier in the American Revolution
 Art Hanger (born 1943), Canadian politician
 Harry Hanger (1886–1918), English footballer
 James Edward Hanger (1843–1919), U.S. Civil War veteran and founder of:
 Hanger, Inc. 
 Mostyn Hanger (1908–1980), judge, chief justice of Queensland, Australia, and administrator of Queensland
Percy Hanger (1889–1939), English footballer

Places
 Hanger Lane, a stretch of the North Circular Road in London, England
 Hanger River or Anger River, a river in west central Ethiopia
 Hangers Way, a 21-mile long-distance footpath through Hampshire, England

Slang
 Hanger (barbershop music), a long note sung by one voice in a barbershop music song
 Monkey hanger, a British term for people from Hartlepool, England
 Hanger, or specky, a slang term for spectacular mark in Australian rules football
 Hangers, American slang for large, pendulous breasts

Other uses
 Hanger (film) a 2009 horror film
 Hanger steak, a tender cut of steak
 Hanger, Inc., prosthetic and orthotic provider in the United States
 An old English word for a wooded slope from the Old English word , preserved in English place names such as Hanger Lane

See also 

 Cliffhanger
 
 Hangar (disambiguation)