omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Double-system recording. Double-system recording is a form of sound recording used in motion picture production whereby the sound for a scene is recorded on a tape machine that is separate from the camera or picture-recording apparatus.

Double-system recording is the standard procedure on motion pictures that are originally photographed on film.  Recording sound-on-film directly at the time of photography has several technical limitations, and no professional motion picture camera supports this option, so all production sound is recorded on a separate recorder.  This procedure requires that both camera and sound recorder share a very accurate time reference, and that the speed of the camera and sound recorders be carefully governed.  Originally this was done with an electro-mechanical interlock between the camera and recorder, necessitating a physical link, a cable, between recorder and camera.  As quartz-based timers came into common use, film cameras and sound recorders adopted these, and these were accurate enough to remove the need for an interlock cable.

Double-system recording requires that sound and picture be manually synchronized at the start of every "take" or camera run.  This task was performed by the clapper slate.  A clap sound on the recording is matched to the closed clapper image on the printed film, and thus the two recordings can be realigned into sync.

Before magnetic recording, a double-system sound recorder was generally a phonograph lathe.  Once magnetic recording became viable, a succession of magnetic sound recorders, culminating in the Nagra, were the standard.  As of 2007, most double-system production sound is recorded with hard disk drive-based  digital recorders, with a DAT backup.

When the apparatus recording sound and image are the same, as in a video tape recorder, sound is recorded directly onto the picture medium, and this procedure is called 'single-system recording'.  On feature films that are photographed on high-definition video, audio is often recorded on the video recorder and also on secondary recorder.

See also
Sound follower
Single-system recording
ADAT
Digital Audio Stationary Head
Digital Data Storage (DDS)
Magnetic storage
Magnetic tape
PCM adaptor
ProDigi

References 

soundonsound.com  A Practical Guide To Working With Pictures, Part 3,Tips & Tricks, Published August 2000.
thefreedictionary.com sepmag
History of Telecine at the BBC, 1994
youtube.com Magna Tech 10036-3 Film Sound Follower Recorder Player.
Sondor web site
Post Magazine Arri partners with Sondor, September 11, 2010
Summertone on Sondor
Magna Tech 10036-3 Film Sound Follower Recorder Player
Film into video: a guide to merging the technologies by 
Nagra website
Nagra IIC tape recorder held at the British Library
History of Nagra recorders
photographs of Nagra recorders Stuart Blake Jones, Richard H. Kallenberger, George D. Cvjetnicanin
Synclavier history

Film production
Film and video technology
Film editing
Speed (ride). Speed is an amusement ride design produced by the Dutch company KMG.

It is commonly referred to as KMG Booster, due to its similarity with the Fabbri Booster ride.

It has become an extremely common ride on European travelling funfairs, particularly in the UK. This is due to a combination of the ride's spectacular visual impact, and its highly practical operation. The ride can be transported on only one trailer, and requires just three hours to build up.

Design and operation

The ride is primarily a 37-metre arm, connected midway to the main support of the ride. Two sets of two seats are mounted at the end of each arm, back to back. Each four-seat assembly can swing through 360 degrees.

The arm rotates at up to 13 revolutions per minute, producing an acceleration of 3.5 g on the riders.

References

Pendulum rides
Mark Ronald. Mark Ronald is an American engineer who works in the defense industry. Until 2007-01-02 he was President & CEO of BAE Systems Inc., the US subsidiary of BAE Systems plc and also served as a board member and Chief Operating Officer of BAE Systems plc.

In 2006 Ronald was received the John Curtis Sword Award from Aviation Week. The magazine's President Tom Henricks said "[Ronald's] energy and leadership across the Atlantic reflects the spirit of the Curtis Sword to foster Anglo-American aerospace cooperation."

He is a graduate of Bucknell University, where he received a Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering. He received his Master of Science in electrical engineering from the Polytechnic Institute of New York (now New York University Tandon School of Engineering).

References

BAE Systems people
Living people
Polytechnic Institute of New York University alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
David Musser. David "Dave" Musser is a professor emeritus of computer science at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York, United States.

He is known for his work in generic programming, particularly as applied to C++, and his collaboration with Alexander Stepanov. Their work together includes coining the term "generic programming" in , and led to the creation of the C++ Standard Template Library (STL).

In , he developed the sorting algorithm called introsort (also known as introspective sort), and the related selection algorithm called introselect, to provide algorithms that are both efficient and have optimal worst-case performance, for use in the STL.

In 2007 he retired from Rensselaer.

Selected publications

References

External links
 David Musser's home page

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Computer scientists
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute faculty
Rice mill. A rice mill is a food-processing facility where paddy (unmilled rice) is processed by cleaning the grain, removing the hull, sorting, and packing the rice, leaving it in its final form for sale to consumers.

Process
The entire product is procured from paddy fields, milled and processed hygienically in modern machinery and dust-free environment and cleaned through sorting machines.

Paddy procurement 
Paddy is harvested from the fields to be processed. The paddy is again rechecked before the process begins. The procured paddy is checked bag by bag by a team and stored in Paddy Milling Plants.

Cleaning and boiling 
To start with the production process, paddy is cleaned by a paddy pre-cleaning machine and the cleaned paddy is stored in raw paddy storage bins. The stored paddy is moved to food-grade stainless steel soaking tanks. Water is drained from the tank and the wet paddy is ready for boiling.

Boiling is done by a steam boiler. The boiled paddy is then moved to the paddy dryer through a belt conveyor.

Dryer 
The boiled wet paddy is dried in a food-grade stainless steel paddy drier using hot air. The heat energy for the drier is generated using a heat exchanger that uses steam from the boiler. Using a steam heat exchanger will sustain the real aroma of the paddy. These are indirect heat exchangers so there is no chance of smoke air entering the drier. The dried paddy is ready for hulling.

Hulling 
The dried paddy is cleaned again and destoned by a pre-cleaning machine.

After this second cleaning step, the paddy is moved to a rice huller, also known as a dehusker or sheller. The outer covering of the paddy, the husk is removed here and is used as a fuel for the boiler. If the finished product will be sold as brown rice, the product is moved directly to the sorting and packing steps from here.

For white rice, the whole rice is collected from the sheller and moved on to the whitener. Here, the film coat on the rice, which is called bran is removed from the rice and the bran is collected separately. The whitening process is done by a whitener.

The whitened rice is polished by a silky rice_polisher. The polished rice is destoned again by a destoner and the broken rice is separated by a length grader.

Color sorting 
The polished full-grain rice is sorted in a colour sorter which removes black rice, yellow rice, and white belly. Then, the rice is moved to the packing section.

Packing 
The processed rice is then packed in woven sacks and is ready to be sold in the market.

See also
Rice huller
Rice polisher

References

External links

Rice production
August Föppl. August Otto Föppl (25 January 1854 – 12 August 1924) was a professor of Technical Mechanics and Graphical Statics at the Technical University of Munich, Germany.  He is credited with introducing the Föppl–Klammer theory and the Föppl–von Kármán equations (large deflection of elastic plates).

Life
Föppl was born in Groß-Unstadt, Hesse where his father Carl August Föppl was a physician. He went to study engineering at Darmstadt Polytechnic in 1869 and then moved to Stuttgart where he studied under Otto Mohr. He then went to Karlsruhe. He then taught engineering at Holzminden from 1877 to 1892 while also studying physics at Leipzig University. His doctoral advisor was Gustav Heinrich Wiedemann and his thesis was on the strength of timber frames and arches. one of Föppl's first doctoral students was Ludwig Prandtl, his future son-in-law. He married Emilie Schenck (1856–1924) and they had two sons and three daughters. His daughter Gertrud married Prandtl. Son Ludwig Föppl became a mechanical engineer and Professor of Technical Mechanics at the Technical University of Munich. Otto Föppl became an engineer and Professor of Applied Mechanics at the Technical University of Braunschweig for 30 years.

Career
In 1894, Föppl wrote a widely read introductory book on Maxwell's theory of electricity, titled Einführung in die Maxwellsche Theorie der Elektrizität. This 1894 book pioneered the use of Maxwell's theory in Germany and made Föppl famous as a scientist. Gerald Holton argues, that some arguments of Föppl concerning electromagnetic induction, had some influence on Albert Einstein's first paper on special relativity.

See also
Rotordynamics

References

External links

 

1854 births
1924 deaths
Engineers from Hesse
Academic staff of the Technical University of Munich
People from Groß-Umstadt
Leipzig University alumni
Automatic Independent Surveillance – Privacy. Automatic Independent Surveillance – Privacy (AIS-P) is a data packet protocol for the TailLight system of aircraft Traffic Collision Avoidance System (TCAS), wherein a single Mode S 64 microsecond message is transmitted by an aircraft ATCRBS or Mode S transponder, and received by aircraft and Air Traffic Control on the ground. This is an augmentation to aircraft transponders, which report aircraft position and velocity in such a way as to minimize interference with any other avionics system, maximize the possible number of participating aircraft, while not relying on any equipment on the ground, and protecting aircraft from potential attack. AIS-P and ADS-B are competing protocols for aircraft based surveillance of traffic, a replacement technology for Mode S radar and TCAS.

AIS-P as an alternative to ADS-B
The TailLight, which is offered as a complimentary feature in General Aviation ATCRBS transponders like the AT-155, utilizes the AIS-P protocol to effectively deliver the advertised collision avoidance benefits of ADS-B in both airport terminal and en route airspace. It has no adverse impact on other avionics systems, can accommodate up to 335,000 aircraft within line-of-sight range of each other, and is interoperable with other collision avoidance systems while ensuring the aircraft's protection from potential attacks.

The AIS-P protocol is an alternative to the ADS-B and Mode S based TCAS protocols, and solves the problems of frequency congestion, by eliminating a requirement for multiple packet messages, or new longer packet definitions for ADS-B not established by international treaty, and by eliminating the 24 bit overhead for named identity in each packet of the message (required to tie multiple packets together into a message). One packet encodes latitude and longitude, altitude, direction, and speed (full position and velocity), handles error detection and recovery, along with channel use arbitration, in the AIS-P protocol. This reduces verbose overhead unnecessary for collision avoidance purposes.

The AIS-P protocol is not meant for purposes of billing and targeting. Additionally, one of the requirements satisfied by the AIS-P protocol is that a missile with an ADS-B type target homer aimed at the unnamed aircraft alone in the sky would miss.

See also
ADS-B

References

External links
What is Wrong With ATC Transponders, And How to Fix Them For Just About Free,  B. Keith Peshak, Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of The Institute of Navigation and CIGTF 21st Guidance Test Symposium, 2002

Avionics
Structural Engineering exam. The Structural Engineering exam is a written examination given by state licensing boards in the United States as part of the testing for licensing structural engineers.  This exam is written by the National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying.  It is given in eight-hour segments over two days, with the first day covering vertical forces.  Problems involving lateral forces are covered on the second day. Each day's morning session features multiple-choice questions, while the afternoon sessions are devoted to essay questions.

References

Structural engineering
Standardized tests in the United States
Engineering education
HJ Shipbuilding & Construction. HJ Shipbuilding & Construction Company, Ltd. (), formerly Korea Shipbuilding & Engineering Corporation () and Hanjin Heavy Industries & Construction Co. Ltd. (), is a South Korean-based multinational shipbuilding company, founded in 1937 as  Chosun Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. ().

Scandals 

7 July, Thousands of protesters clashed with the police in a demonstration against layoffs in Yeong-do, Busan, and Police fired water cannons with diluted tear-water solution on the crowds after warning the crowds to disperse on the streets.

In late September, 2020, the Korea Development Bank (KDB), the main creditor and largest shareholder, announced it would sell all or part of its stake in HHIC. KDB owns 83.45 percent of shares in HHIC. On December 14, 2020, KDB announced that Dongbu Construction, Keithton Partners, and SM Merchant Marine are bidding to acquire HHIC.

In July 2021, the company announced that it had completed the second ship of the Dokdo-class amphibious assault ship for the Republic of Korea Navy, named the ROKS Marado.

See also

 Hanjin Group
 Hanjin Philippines shipyard (HHIC Phil)
 List of shipbuilders and shipyards

References

External links 
Hanjin Heavy Industries
Hanjin Subic Shipyard 

Shipbuilding companies of South Korea
Defence companies of South Korea
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1937
Manufacturing companies based in Busan
1937 establishments in Korea
South Korean brands
Companies that have filed for bankruptcy in South Korea
Companies of Korea under Japanese rule
Trilinos. Trilinos is a collection of open-source software libraries, called packages, intended to be used as building blocks for the development of scientific applications. The word "Trilinos" is Greek and conveys the idea of "a string of pearls", suggesting a number of software packages linked together by a common infrastructure.  Trilinos was developed at Sandia National Laboratories from a core group of existing algorithms and utilizes the functionality of software interfaces such as BLAS, LAPACK, and MPI.
In 2004, Trilinos received an R&D100 Award.

Several supercomputing facilities provide an installed version of Trilinos for their users.  These include the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), Blue Waters at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications, and the Titan supercomputer at Oak Ridge National Laboratory.

Features 
Trilinos contains packages for:

 Constructing and using sparse graphs and matrices, and dense matrices and vectors.
 Iterative and direct solution of linear systems.
 Parallel multilevel and algebraic preconditioning.
 Solution of non-linear, eigenvalue and time-dependent problems.
 PDE-constrained optimization problems.
 Partitioning and load balancing of distributed data structures.
 Automatic differentiation
 Discretizing partial differential equations.

Trilinos supports distributed-memory parallel computation through the Message Passing Interface (MPI).  In addition, some Trilinos packages have growing support for shared-memory parallel computation.  They do so by means of the Kokkos package, which provides a common C++ interface over various parallel programming models, including OpenMP, POSIX Threads, and CUDA.

Programming languages 
Most Trilinos packages are written in C++.  Trilinos version 12.0 and later requires C++11 support.  Some Trilinos packages, like ML and Zoltan, are written in C.  A few packages, like Epetra, have optional implementations of some computational kernels in Fortran, but Fortran is not required to build these packages.

Some Trilinos packages have bindings for other programming languages.  These include Python, C, Fortran, and MATLAB.

Software licenses 
Each Trilinos package may have its own software license.  Most packages are Open-source; most of these have a Modified BSD license, while a few packages are under the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL).  The BLAS and LAPACK libraries are required dependencies.

See also 

 BLAS
 LAPACK
 Message Passing Interface
 List of numerical-analysis software
 Sandia National Laboratories

References

External links 
 
 "Kokkos: The Programming Model"
 "KOKKOS PROGRAMMING MODEL"
 "Kokkos Tutorial"
 Kokkos (GitHub)
 Kokkos Tutorials
 Kokkos Lecture Series

Numerical libraries
Concurrent programming libraries
Free mathematics software
C++ numerical libraries
K. L. N. College of Engineering. KLN College of Engineering is an Autonomous self-financed engineering college in southern Tamil Nadu. It is situated on the southeastern outskirts of Madurai and built on a  plot with multistory buildings. It is a Sourashtra minority college. It is the first self-financing co-educational Engineering College in Madurai, started in 1994 by Shri. K.L.N Krishnan. It has received the approval of All India Council for Technical Education, New Delhi and is affiliated with Anna University, Chennai.

Students wear a uniform. The college runs placement programs within industry and government.

The campus is located 15 km from the Madurai Airport, 11 km from the Madurai Railway station and is well connected by buses with all parts of Tamilnadu state.

Buildings
The college consists of six double-storied laboratory buildings and three single-storied workshops and machine shops. The M.B.A. & M.C.A. departments are functioning in a separate, spacious, three-storied postgraduate block of . There is a men's dormitory, mess block, canteen, post office and clinic on campus, and a women's dormitory off campus.

The college has land allocated for outdoor games and an indoor stadium, with a gymnasium being planned and there is a standard football pitch onsite.

Academic programs

KLNCE offers 7 undergraduate, 5 postgraduate programmes (ME, MCA, MBA) in all Engineering and Science streams.

Notable Students
C. Indhumathy, IAS, Director of Minority Welfare, Uttar Pradesh

External links

References

Other Colleges Under KLN Group of Institutions
 KLN College of Information Technology
 KLN Polytechnic College
 KLN B.Ed College
 KLN Vidyalaya CBSE School
 KLN College of Arts and Science

Engineering colleges in Tamil Nadu
Colleges in Madurai
Science and technology in Madurai
Colleges affiliated to Anna University
Educational institutions established in 1994
1994 establishments in Tamil Nadu
MacCharlie. The MacCharlie was a hardware add-on for the original Apple Macintosh (Macintosh 128K) that was made by Dayna Communications. It allowed users to run DOS software for the IBM PC by clipping a unit onto the chassis of the Macintosh 128K, and included a keyboard extender to provide the function keys and numeric keypad that are absent from Apple's original keyboard. The name refers to an IBM PC advertising campaign of the time featuring Charlie Chaplin's "Little Tramp" character.

The clip-on unit sits to the side of the Mac and, like the contemporary Amiga Sidecar, contains essentially a complete IBM PC compatible with an 8088 processor, 256 KB of RAM (expandable to 640 KB) and a single 5.25" floppy disk drive that stores 360 KB. A second floppy drive could be added.

While running DOS software using MacCharlie, users could still access the Macintosh menu bar and desk accessories. However, the DOS environment, which ran in a window, was text-only and did not permit Macintosh applications to run concurrently while in use. MacCharlie used the Mac as a terminal, performing all DOS processing itself, and sent video data over a relatively slow serial link to the Mac for display. This slowness, coupled with the declining prices of real IBM PC compatibles, contributed to the short market life of the MacCharlie.

See also
 Amiga Sidecar

References

External links

1985 Advertisement hosted by The Mac Mothership
Personal Computers;   linking Mac to the I.B.M. PC, 1985 review article at the New York Times

IBM PC compatibles
Macintosh peripherals
Macintosh platform
Products introduced in 1985
Compatibility cards
LNER Class V4. The London and North Eastern Railway Class V4 was a class of 2-6-2 steam locomotive designed by
Sir Nigel Gresley for mixed-traffic use. It was Gresley's last design for the LNER before he died in 1941. The V4s had similarities in their appearance and mechanical layout to the V2 "Green Arrow" class. The V2s, introduced some years before, were large and heavy locomotives, with very limited route availability. The V4 was a lightweight alternative, suitable for use over the whole of the LNER network.

Features
Two locomotives were built at the LNER's Doncaster Works in 1941. The first engine, 3401 Bantam Cock, had a scaled-down version of the Gresley Pacific boiler with a grate area of 28.5 sq ft. Its tractive effort of 27,000 lbs was produced by boiler pressure of 250 psi and three cylinders of 15-inch diameter. The second locomotive, 3402, incorporated a fully welded steel firebox and a single thermic syphon for water circulation. It was not named, but was known unofficially as "Bantam Hen".

Performance
The type had more power than the existing B17s and better riding qualities. It was anticipated that many more would be produced, but after the death of Gresley and his succession by Edward Thompson, no more were built. Instead, the LNER Thompson Class B1 was adopted as the LNER's standard mixed-traffic locomotive.

Service in Scotland
The two locomotives were sent to Scotland for use on the West Highland Line, although their wheel arrangement was not particularly suitable for the steep gradients on the line.  They were renumbered 1700 and 1701 in 1946, and later became British Railways 61700 and 61701.

Withdrawal
Both were scrapped in 1957 when their boilers became due for renewal.

New Build V4
At the A1 Steam Locomotive Trust Silver Jubilee Convention, it was announced that after the completion of no. 2007 "Prince of Wales", they would begin construction on a new V4 which will be number 3403 (61702). On the 6th of September, 2018, the A1 Trust officially announced that it had started the pre-launch stage for project, with a projected cost of £3 million, and an estimated starting date of 2021. The project is estimated to take around 5 years. There are already parts for the V4 at Darlington Locomotive Works, including a complete set of tyres (originally made for a group in the 1990s who planned to build a V4), a chimney, and the speedometer drives from a British Rail Class 08. In October of 2022, the A1 Steam Locomotive Trust announced that No. 3403 will be named Highlander.

References

Further reading 
 
 
 

V4
2-6-2 locomotives
1′C1′ h3 locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1941
Scrapped locomotives
Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain