omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
MAN Diesel. MAN Diesel SE was a German manufacturer of large-bore diesel engines for marine propulsion systems and power plant applications. In 2010 it was merged with MAN Turbo to form MAN Diesel & Turbo.

History
In 1980 MAN acquired the Burmeister & Wain Danish shipyard and diesel engine producer. Though engine production at Christianshavn was discontinued in 1987, successful engine programs were rolled out. At Teglholmen in 1988 a spare parts and key components production factory was established, as was an R&D centre at the same site in 1992. Though all Copenhagen operations were consolidated at Teglholmen in 1994 and the last volume production unit at the B&W Shipyard was delivered in 1996, in 2000 MAN B&W Diesel two-stroke diesel engines had over 70% market share, with a substantial number of MC-line engines on order.

The electronically controlled line of ME diesel two-stroke engines was added in 2002 with a maximum cylinder bore of 108 cm. MAN B&W Diesel, Denmark, employed approximately 2,200 at the end of 2003 and had 100 GW, or more than 8000 MC engines, in service or on order by 2004.

In 2006 the MAN Diesel AG established a common European corporation named MAN Diesel SE (Societas Europaea).

On 22 February 2006 in Copenhagen the first diesel engine with more than  went into service. MAN B&W Diesel licensee Hyundai Heavy Industries in Korea built the 12K98MC with . The engine was installed in the first of a series of container ships with a capacity over 9,000 TEU built for Greek owner Costamare. The vessels were to be chartered to COSCON (COSCO Container Lines) in China.

In 2010 MAN Diesel and MAN Turbo were merged to form MAN Diesel & Turbo.

British acquisitions
In 2000, MAN Diesel (then known as MAN B&W Diesel) acquired Alstom Engines from GEC. This included the former diesel businesses of English Electric, Mirrlees Blackstone, Napier & Son, Paxman and Ruston.

Mirrlees Blackstone Limited was formed on June 1, 1969 by the merger of Mirrlees National Limited (formerly Mirrlees, Bickerton and Day) and Blackstone & Company Limited. All were, at the time, members of the Hawker Siddeley Group.

Locations
MAN Diesel has production facilities in Augsburg, Copenhagen, Frederikshavn, Saint-Nazaire, Chhatrapati Shambhaji Nagar and Shanghai.

See also
 MAN SE
 Wärtsilä

References

Sources
 Johannes Lehmann, A Century of Burmeister & Wain, Copenhagen, 1948.

External links
 MAN Diesel official site
 Brief history and development of Mirrlees Blackstone
 Prickwillow Museum - Mirrlees Diesel Pumping Engine in working order
 Mirrlees Diesel Engine in New Zealand museum (go down)
 MAN Diesel Russia

Electrical generation engine manufacturers
Marine engine manufacturers
Engine manufacturers of Germany
MAN SE
Diesel engine manufacturers
Integrability. Integrability may refer to:

 Bronshtein-integrability (informal)
 Frobenius integrability
 Riemann-integrability
 Lebesgue-integrability; see Lebesgue integral
 Liouville-integrability
 Darboux-integrability

See also
 Integrable system (mathematics, physics)
 System integration (information technology)
 Interoperability (information technology)
Obliq. Obliq is an interpreted, object-oriented programming language designed to make distributed, and locally multithreaded, computing simpler and easier to program, while providing program safety and an implicit type system. The interpreter is written in Modula-3, and provides Obliq with full access to Modula-3's network objects abilities. A type inference algorithm for record concatenation, subtyping, and recursive types has been developed for Obliq. Further, it has been proved to be NP-complete
and its lowest complexity to be  or if under other modeling up to certain conditions down to   and its best known implementation runs in .
Obliq's syntax is very similar to Modula-3, the biggest difference being that Obliq has no need of explicit typed variables (i.e., a variable can hold any data type allowed by the type checker and if does not accepts one, i.e., a given expression execution error will display) although explicit type declarations are allowed and ignored by the interpreter. The basic data types in the language include booleans, integers, reals, characters, strings, and arrays. Obliq supports the usual set of sequential control structures (conditional, iteration, and exception handling forms), and special control forms for concurrency (mutexes and guarded statements). Further, Obliq's objects can be cloned and safely copied remotely by any machine in a distributed network object and it can be done safely and transparently.

Obliq's large standard library provides strong support for mathematical operations, input/output (I/O), persistence, thread control, graphics, and animation. Distributed computing is object-based: objects hold a state, which is local to one process. Scope of objects and other variables is purely lexical. Objects can call methods of other objects, even if those objects are on another machine on the network. Obliq objects are simply collections of named fields (similar to slots in Self and Smalltalk), and support inheritance by delegation (like Self).

The common uses of Obliq involve programming over networks, 3D animation, and distributed computing, as occurs over a local area network (LAN) such as Ethernet. Obliq is included free with the Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) Modula-3 distribution, but other free versions exist elsewhere including precompiled binaries for several operating systems.

Projects using Obliq
The Collaborative Active Textbooks (CAT) developed using Obliq applets and the Zeus algorithm animation System (written in Modula-3).
Obliq applets (Oblets) special web browser (written in Modula-3) Obliq web page embedded applications.

References

External links

Luca Cardelli's Obliq Quick Start page (archived on 2008-10-17)

Modula programming language family
Oberon programming language family
Prototype-based programming languages
Procedural programming languages
Systems programming languages
Programming languages created in 1993
Dynamically typed programming languages
Makoto Tamamura. Makoto Tamamura (玉村 誠, Tamamura Makoto) is an automobile chassis engineer. While working for Honda Motor Co. Ltd, Tamamura helped to design the Acura NSX and to tune the suspension of the Acura TL A-SPEC.

References
 "2004 Acura TL A-SPEC: No assembly required to enjoy this factory-spec tuner package", an article by John Kiewicz on page 136 of the March, 2004 issue of Motor Trend

Japanese automotive engineers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
DCB. DCB may stand for:
 Dame Commander of the Order of the Bath
 Development Credit Bank, a private-sector bank in India
 David Campbell Bannerman (born 1960), a British politician
 David Crowder Band, a Christian rock band
 Dictionary of Canadian Biography
 Dulwich College Beijing, a British international school in Beijing, China
 Dope Circle Boyz, a Finnish hip-hop group

In science and technology 
 Disconnecting circuit breaker, a high-voltage circuit breaker with disconnectors integrated into the breaking chamber
 Data center bridging, in computer networking
 Data Control Block, a data structure for accessing data sets on IBM mainframes
 Double Cantilever Beam, a test specimen in fracture mechanics
 Dichlorobenzene
 Digital Control Bus, a proprietary MIDI-like interface by Roland Corporation
 Direct Copper Bonding, also Direct Bonding Copper, a type of power electronic substrate
 Direct Carrier Billing, a method of doing digital financial transactions
 Dithionite-Citrate-Bicarbonate method used for iron oxide removal from clays in soil science
International Color Consortium. The International Color Consortium (ICC) was formed in 1993 by eight vendors in order to create an open, vendor-neutral color management system which would function transparently across all operating systems and software packages.

Overview
The ICC specification, currently on version 4.4, allows for matching of color when moved between applications and operating systems, from the point of creation to the final output, whether display or print.  This specification is technically identical to ISO 15076-1:2010, available from ISO.

The ICC profile describes the color attributes of a particular device or viewing requirement by defining a mapping between the source or target color space and a profile connection space (PCS).

The ICC defines the specification precisely but does not define algorithms or processing details. As such, applications or systems that work with different ICC profiles are allowed to vary.

ICC has also published a preliminary specification for iccMAX, a next-generation color management architecture with significantly expanded functionality and a choice of colorimetric, spectral, or material connection space. Details are at https://www.color.org/iccmax/

Membership
The eight founding members of the ICC were Adobe, Agfa, Apple, Kodak, Microsoft, Silicon Graphics, Sun Microsystems, and Taligent. Sun Microsystems, Silicon Graphics, and Taligent have since left the organization.

 there are 5 founding members, 37 regular members and 18 honorary members. Most members specialize in photography, printing, or Electronic visual displays. Regular members include:
BenQ,
Canon,
Dolby,
Fuji,
Heidelberg Printing Machines AG,
Hewlett–Packard,
Konica Minolta,
Kyocera,
Nikon,
Seiko,
Sun Chemical,
Toshiba,
vivo,
Xerox,
Xiaomi,
and X-Rite.

ICC profile specification version

See also
 International Colour Association
 International Commission on Illumination

References

External links
 Official website

Color organizations
International organizations based in the United States
Information technology organizations
Molding (process). Molding (American English) or moulding (British and Commonwealth English; see spelling differences) is the process of manufacturing by shaping liquid or pliable raw material using a rigid frame called a mold or matrix. This itself may have been made using a pattern or model of the final object.

A mold or mould is a hollowed-out block that is filled with a liquid or pliable material such as plastic, glass, metal, or ceramic raw material. The liquid hardens or sets inside the mold, adopting its shape. A mold is a counterpart to a cast. The very common bi-valve molding process uses two molds, one for each half of the object.

Articulated molds have multiple pieces that come together to form the complete mold, and then disassemble to release the finished casting; they are expensive, but necessary when the casting shape has complex overhangs.

Piece-molding uses a number of different molds, each creating a section of a complicated object. This is generally only used for larger and more valuable objects.

Blow molding is a manufacturing process for forming and joining hollow plastic or glass parts.

A manufacturer who makes molds is called a moldmaker. A release agent is typically used to make removal of the hardened/set substance from the mold more easily effected. Typical uses for molded plastics include molded furniture, molded household goods, molded cases, and structural materials.

Types 
There are several types of molding methods. These include:

Casting, the oldest term, covering a wide range of materials, especially metals
Blow molding
Powder metallurgy plus sintering
Compression molding
Extrusion molding
Injection molding
Laminating
 Reaction injection molding
Matrix molding
Rotational molding (or Rotomolding)
Spin casting
Transfer molding
Dry Molded Fiber/Dry molding
Thermoforming
 Twin sheet thermoforming
 Vacuum forming, a simplified version of thermoforming
FRP moulding
 Hand lay up moulding
 Resin transfer moulding
 Vacuum bag moulding
 Bladder moulding
 Spray up molding
 Reaction injection molding

Gallery

See also 

Blow molding
Forming
Injection molding machine
Pressing
Stone mould

References 

 
 

zh:模塑
Overburden. In mining, overburden (also called waste or spoil) is the material that lies above an area that lends itself to economical exploitation, such as the rock, soil, and ecosystem that lies above a coal seam or ore body. Overburden is distinct from tailings, the material that remains after economically valuable components have been extracted from the generally finely milled ore. Overburden is removed during surface mining, but is typically not contaminated with toxic components. Overburden may also be used to restore an exhausted mining site during reclamation.

Interburden is material that lies between two areas of economic interest, such as the material separating coal seams within strata.

Analogous uses
Overburden is also used for all soil and ancillary material above the bedrock horizon in a given area.

By analogy, overburden is also used to describe the soil and other material that lies above a specific geologic feature, such as a buried astrobleme, or above an unexcavated site of archeological interest.

In particle physics, the overburden of an underground laboratory may be important to shield the facility from cosmic radiation that can interfere with experiments.

In arboriculture, the word is also used for the soil over the top of the roots of a tree collected from the wild.

See also
 Gangue
 Spoil tip
 Tailings

Notes

References
 Bates, R.L., and Jackson, J.A., (1987) Glossary of geology American Geological Institute, Alexandria, Virginia.
 Haering, K. C.; Daniels W. L. and Roberts J. A. (1993) "Changes in mine soil properties resulting from overburden weathering" Journal of environmental quality 22(1): pp. 194–200.
 McFee, W.W.; Byrnes, W.R. and Stockton, J.G. (1981) "Characteristics of coal mine overburden important to plant growth" Journal of environmental quality 10(3): pp. 300–308.

External links

Mining terminology
Photohydrogen. In photochemistry, photohydrogen is hydrogen produced with the help of artificial or natural light. This is how the leaf of a tree splits water molecules into protons (hydrogen ions), electrons (to make carbohydrates) and oxygen (released into the air as a waste product). Photohydrogen may also be produced by the photodissociation of water by ultraviolet light.

Photohydrogen is sometimes discussed in the context of obtaining renewable energy from sunlight, by using microscopic organisms such as bacteria or algae.  These organisms create hydrogen with the help of hydrogenase enzymes which convert protons derived from the water splitting reaction into hydrogen gas which can then be collected and used as a biofuel.

See also 
 Solar hydrogen panel
 Photofermentation
 Biological hydrogen production (Algae)
 Photoelectrochemical cell
 Photosynthesis
 Hydrogen cycle
 Hydrogen economy

References

Biofuels technology
Hydrogen production
Photochemistry
Bit bucket. In computing jargon, the bit bucket (or byte bucket) is where lost computerized data has gone, by any means; any data which does not end up where it is supposed to, being lost in transmission, a computer crash, or the like, is said to have gone to the bit bucket – that mysterious place on a computer where lost data goes, as in:

History
Originally, the bit bucket was the container on teletype machines or IBM key punch machines into which chad from the paper tape punch or card punch was deposited; the formal name is "chad box" or (at IBM) "chip box". The term was then generalized into any place where useless bits go, a useful computing concept known as the null device. The term bit bucket is also used in discussions of bit shift operations.

The bit bucket is related to the first in never out buffer and write-only memory, in a joke datasheet issued by Signetics in 1972.

In a 1988 April Fool's article in Compute! magazine, Atari BASIC author Bill Wilkinson presented a POKE that implemented what he called a "WORN" (Write Once, Read Never) device, "a close relative of the WORM".

In programming languages the term is used to denote a bitstream which does not consume any computer resources, such as CPU or memory, by discarding any data "written" to it. In .NET Framework-based languages, it is the System.IO.Stream.Null.

See also
 Black hole (networking)
 Waste container metaphors

References

External links

 Bit Bucket entry from The Jargon File (version 4.4.7)

Computer jargon
Punched card
Living Machine. A Living Machine is a form of ecological sewage treatment based on fixed-film ecology.

The Living Machine system was commercialized and is marketed by Living Machine Systems, L3C, a corporation based in Charlottesville, Virginia, United States.

Examples
Examples of Living Machines are mechanical composters for industrial kitchens, effective microorganisms as fertilizer for agricultural purposes, and Integrated Biotectural systems in landscaping and architecture like Earthships or the IBTS Greenhouse.

Components like tomato plants (for more water purification) and fish (for food) have been part of the living, ecosystem-like designs. The theory does not limit the size of the system, or the amount of species. One design optimum is a natural ecosystem which is designed for a special purpose like a sewage treating wetland in a suitable ecosystem for the locality. Another optimum is an economically viable system returning profit for the investor. The practice of permaculture is one example for a compromise between the two optimum design points.

The scale of Living Machine systems ranges from the individual building to community-scale public works. Some of the earliest Living Machines were used to treat domestic wastewater in small, ecologically-conscious villages, such as Findhorn Community in Scotland. The latest-generation Tidal Flow Wetland Living Machines are being used in major urban office buildings, military bases, housing developments, resorts and institutional campuses.

Living Machine System Process

“Fixed film ecology” has superseded systems based on hydroponics or a fluid medium. In fixed film systems, the wetland cells are filled with a solid aggregate medium having extensive surface area for beneficial biofilm (treatment bacteria) growth. Fixed film ecology allows denser and more diverse micro-ecosystems to form than does a liquid medium. These ecosystems go well beyond bacteria to include a variety of organisms up to and including macro-vegetation.
Tidal cycles (filling and draining the wetland in accelerated tidal action, with 12 or more cycles per day) are used to passively bring oxygen into the wetland cells. This action mimics the type of biological action that occurs in natural tidal estuaries. Tidal flow wetlands replace the need to blow air into a liquid medium - they use gravity to bring atmospheric oxygen into the cell when it is drained.

See also

Bioremediation
Rain garden
Anaerobic digestion
Constructed wetlands
Biomimicry
IBTS Greenhouse

References

External links
Landscape Machine concept, Wageningen University, the Netherlands
Living Machine, L3C website

Sewerage
Environmental engineering
Aquatic ecology
Environmental soil science
Pollution control technologies
Systems ecologists
Landscape architecture
Water conservation
Bristol Buckmaster. The Bristol Buckmaster was an advanced British training aircraft operated by the Royal Air Force during the 1950s.

Design and development
By 1945, there was a serious gap in performance between the so-called advanced trainers in use – such as the Avro Anson, Airspeed Oxford, dual-control Bristol Blenheim and Lockheed Hudson – and the combat aircraft which the pilots would be expected to fly on graduation.

The Bristol company's response to Air Ministry Specification T.13/43 was the Type 166 which was based on the Buckingham with a new wider front fuselage to allow side-by-side seating for an instructor and trainee and room for a radio operator. All armament and armour and military equipment was also removed.

The Buckmaster was a propeller-driven, twin-engine mid-wing aircraft. The retractable undercarriage was of conventional (tailwheel) configuration. The radial engines were equipped with four-blade propellers.

Two partly completed Buckinghams were converted as prototypes, the first flying on the 27 October 1944. Unused sets of Buckingham components were used to produce 110 aircraft which were delivered in 1945 and 1946.

Operational history
All production aircraft were intended to serve as trainers for the similar Brigand. It was considered to be the highest performance trainer used by the RAF when introduced. Blind flying instruction and instrument training could be undertaken, the normal crew complement being pilot, instructor and air signaller. The last Training Command Buckmasters served with the No. 238 OCU at Colerne into the mid-fifties; the transfer of one or two to Filton for experimental work marked its retirement in the mid-1950s.

Operators

 Royal Air Force

Specifications

See also

Notes

References

Notes

Bibliography

 Barnes, C. H. Bristol Aircraft since 1910. London: Putnam, 1964.
 Bridgeman, Leonard. "The Bristol 166 Buckmaster." Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II. London: Studio, 1946. .
 Mondey, David. The Hamlyn Concise Guide to British Aircraft of World War II. London: Aerospace Publishing Ltd., 1982 (reprint 1994). .
 Winchester, Jim. The World's Worst Aircraft: From Pioneering Failures to Multimillion Dollar Disasters. London: Amber Books Ltd., 2005. .

Buckmaster
1940s British military trainer aircraft
Mid-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1944
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Code Complete. Code Complete is a software development book, written by Steve McConnell and published in 1993 by Microsoft Press, encouraging developers to continue past code-and-fix programming and the big design up front and waterfall models. It is also a compendium of software construction techniques, which include techniques from naming variables to deciding when to write a subroutine.

Summary
McConnell defines the main activities in software construction as detailed design, construction planning, coding and debugging, unit testing, integration and integration testing. Although he does not dismiss the value of other aspects of software development such as requirements and documentation, McConnell emphasises the construction of software due to several reasons. Within the view of the book, construction is a large part of software development, as the central activity within software development and can significantly improve the productivity of a programmer when focus is directed towards it; in addition, the source code is seen as defining the operation of the software, with documentation implicated when code and documentation are opposed. Lastly, the book contends that construction is the exclusive activity which is guaranteed to remain completed.

The techniques of a good programmer are also given throughout the book. The whole part seven of the book is about software craftsmanship (layout, style, character, themes and self-documentation).

The other six parts of the book are: laying the foundation, creating high-quality code, variables, statements, code improvements and system considerations.

Review
Code Complete has received outstanding reviews, being widely regarded as one of the leading must-reads for software developers. It won a Jolt Award in 1993.

There are also negative reviews about the length and style of the book, which runs to over 900 pages and goes into detail on many topics.

The first edition has been superseded by Code Complete 2. The first editions can be found used and are still relevant for programmers using C, Pascal and GW-BASIC

Editions
  First edition (1993)
  Second edition (June 2004)

References

External links
Steve McConnell's website
Code Complete Checklists

1993 non-fiction books
Software development books
Microsoft Press books