omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
USS Improve (AM-247). USS Improve (AM-247) was an Admirable-class minesweeper built for the U.S. Navy during World War II. She was built to clear minefields in offshore waters, and served the Navy in the North Atlantic Ocean and then in the Pacific Ocean. Improve received two battle stars for World War II service.

Improve was laid down 1 June 1943 by Savannah Machine & Foundry Co., Savannah, Georgia; launched 26 September 1943; sponsored by Mrs. J. E. Poythress and commissioned 29 February 1944.

World War II North Atlantic operations 

After shakedown, Improve reported to Mine Warfare School, Yorktown, Virginia, for duty as school ship. She was next assigned to convoy duty, sailed for Africa on 23 July, and arrived Mers-el-Kebir 10 August 1944. The mine-craft arrived off southern France for duty 25 August.

During this period Improve swept coastal waters, occasionally exchanging fire with German shore batteries. The enemy still controlled the Italian coastline in this area, and menaced sweeping operations with one-man torpedoes and other devices. The ship helped sweep a channel into Mentone 9–10 September and assisted sinking a one-man torpedo on the 10th. From October until March 1945 Improve swept mines and performed patrol duties at Bizerte; Cagliari, Sardinia; and Palermo, Sicily. Her group developed the new technique of using a Navy blimp to spot floating mines.

Following a brief operation off Anzio 3 March, Improve resumed operations off Sardinia and Sicily, before departing Oran 17 April for the United States.

Transfer to the Pacific Fleet  

USS Improve arrived Norfolk, Virginia, 5 May 1945 and, with the focus of war now shifted to the Pacific, sailed 5 July for duty in that theater. She proceeded via the Panama Canal to San Pedro, Los Angeles, arriving 26 July, and remained there on training duty until after the end of the Pacific War. The need for minesweeping operations was still great, however, and Improve sailed 17 September for Pearl Harbor, Eniwetok, Saipan, and Okinawa. She arrived off Sasebo 17 November for additional minesweeping duty and finished the year working off Formosa and in the Pescadores.

Decommissioning  

In March 1946 the ship was at Shanghai, earmarked for transfer to China, but she was subsequently returned to Seattle, Washington, and decommissioned 6 November 1946. Improve was eventually turned over to the Maritime Commission and sold 24 February 1949 to Ricardo Granja and renamed MV Ecuador. She was sunk in 1953.

Awards 

Improve received two battle stars for World War II service

References

External links
 NavSource Online: Mine Warfare Vessel Photo Archive – Improve (AM-247)

Admirable-class minesweepers
Ships built in Savannah, Georgia
1943 ships
World War II minesweepers of the United States
Powersite Dam. Powersite Dam is a hydroelectric dam that went into service in 1913 in Forsyth, Missouri.

It is found along the White River, and the reservoir it forms is Lake Taneycomo. It was the first hydroelectric dam built in Missouri. Designed in 1911 by Nils F. Ambursen as the largest concrete buttress dam of its kind, the dam is still privately owned by the Empire District Electric Company.

Originally constructed to provide 4 megawatts of 25 hertz power, it has since been upgraded to provide 16 megawatts of 60 hertz power. Sixty hertz is now the standard frequency of electric power in North America, though the old 25 hertz power distribution was more efficient, having less losses.

References

Sources
 Van Buskirk, Kathleen, Powersite Dam , Program of June 10, 1984 Meeting, retrieved 2008-04-21

1913 establishments in Missouri
Buildings and structures in Taney County, Missouri
Dams completed in 1913
Dams in Missouri
PLAICE. The PLAICE, or FLASH-PLAICE, is a powerful open source hardware device, combining a flash memory programmer, in-circuit emulation, and a high-speed multi-channel logic analyzer. It is built around a 32-bit RISC Microblaze processor, realized on a Xilinx Spartan-3E starter kit development board. The platform-independent control software is written in Java, and contains plugins for I2C and SPI Bus analyzers.

External links
 PLAICE home page

Open hardware electronic devices
Electronic test equipment
Ticket punch. A ticket punch (or control nippers) is a hand tool for permanently marking admission tickets and similar items of paper or card stock. It makes a perforation and a corresponding chad. A ticket punch resembles a hole punch, differing in that the ticket punch has a longer jaw (or "reach") and the option of having a distinctive die shape. A ticket punch resembles a needle punch in that it makes a distinctive pattern in the item punched, but differs in that it makes a chad.

Uses

Ticket punches are widely used to mark railway passenger tickets, particularly if it is important when and where the ticket was punched. Ticket punches were also widely used in orienteering but have been replaced by needle punches (see control point in Orienteering).

Ticket punches also have decorative uses, involving both their perforations and their chads. Available die shapes include many geometric shapes, silhouettes of objects or animals. Die shapes for company logos and other proprietary images can be manufactured by special arrangement. These are used to punch decorative holes in the margins of pieces of paper, and to make small confetti.

Punched tickets were issued in BEST buses in Mumbai till 2011, when they were replaced with electronic ticketing systems. The older tickets have been reportedly used in artwork as well as in games.

See also
Marking (disambiguation)

References

External links

Authentication methods
Security
Fox (code word). Fox is a brevity code used by NATO pilots to signal the simulated or actual release of an air-to-air munition or other combat function. Army aviation elements may use a different nomenclature, as the nature of helicopter-fired weapons is almost always air-to-surface. "Fox" is short for "foxtrot", the NATO phonetic designation for the letter "F", which is short for "fire". A fighter pilot announcing that a weapon has been fired is intended to help avoid friendly fire, alerting other pilots to avoid maneuvering into the path of the munition.

There are three variations of the Fox brevity word in use, with a number added to the end of Fox to describe the primary type of sensors the launched munition possesses (if applicable). This includes autocannons and collisions. 

Fox one Indicates launch of a semi-active radar homing missile (such as the AIM-7 Sparrow).:
Fox two Indicates launch of an infrared homing missile (such as the AIM-9 Sidewinder).

Fox three Indicates launch of an active radar homing missile (such as the AIM-120 AMRAAM or AIM-54 Phoenix). 

Prior to the advent of active radar homing missiles the code "Fox three" referred to the use of guns or cannon, such as the M61 Vulcan which is used in various military aircraft. The difference can be noted in various war films, notably in the 1986 film Top Gun, where the term is used in various dogfight scenes.

See also
Multiservice tactical brevity code

References
2. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0709088/goofs/ 1990-2023 by IMDb.com, Inc. Withdrawn on December 9, 2023

External links
Multiservice Brevity Codes from the Defense Technical Information Center

Brevity codes
Military aviation
Future Fighting Machines. Future Fighting Machines was a TV programme which examines the latest innovations in military hardware and military technology. It was produced by Tiger Aspect Productions.  It has been broadcast on The Discovery Channel, TechTV and UKTV History. Each episode ran for 30 minutes, and the show ran for two seasons. The programme shows the ambition of weapon developers worldwide to make soldiers less vulnerable and more lethal. The program also looks at new weapons that strike more accurately and unmanned vehicles run entirely by computers.  The programme made comparisons between rival weapon systems of different countries, showing advantages and disadvantages of weapons. There was also a profile of a different special forces unit in each episode.

List of episodes:

Camouflage technology

Virtual reality training for soldiers

The future of warfare

An American warship

Methods of destroying tanks

Unmanned underwater vehicles

America's latest amphibious assault vehicle

The Apache Longbow helicopter

The world's largest unmanned spy plane

The Joint Strike Fighter

Mine warfare technology

A new flying petrol station

The dangers of future urban combat

A portable missile launcher

A trimaran warship

A missile defence system

Amphibious landings and missiles

The LLP parachute

Britain's navy destroyers

Sub-machine guns

The world of the sniper

An electronic bullet system

The B1B Lancer

Military television series
Discovery Channel original programming
Television series by Tiger Aspect Productions
Television series by Endemol
Nha Trang University. Nha Trang University is a university in Nha Trang, Khánh Hòa Province, in Vietnam's South Central Coast. It is a multidisciplinary university offering 36 programs for bachelor degrees, 16 programs for master's degrees, and 6 programs for doctoral degrees.

History

Faculties and Institutes
Nha Trang University has the following faculties:
Faculty of Food Technology
Faculty of Information Technology
Faculty of Transportation Engineering 
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering 
Faculty of Electrical & Electronic Engineering 
Faculty of Economics 
Faculty of Civil Engineering 
Faculty of Accounting and Finance 
Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities
Faculty of Foreign Languages 
Faculty of Tourism
Institute for Biotechnology & Environment
Institute for Aquaculture 
Institute for Marine Science & Fishing Technology
Institute for Ship Research and Development (UNINSHIP)
Center for Aquatic Animal Health and Breeding
Center for Software Technology R & D
Center for Foreign Languages
Center for Military and Security Education

References

External links

Nha Trang
Universities in Vietnam
Buildings and structures in Khánh Hòa province
Mallock machine. The Mallock machine is an electrical analog computer built in 1933 to solve simultaneous linear differential equations. It uses coupled transformers, with numbers of turns digitally set up to +/-1000 and solved sets of up to 10 linear differential equations. It was built by Rawlyn Richard Manconchy Mallock of Cambridge University. The Mallock machine was contemporary with the mechanical differential analyser, which was also used at Cambridge during the late 1930s and 1940s.

References 

1930s computers
Analog computers
Computer-related introductions in 1933
CS4FN. CS4FN (Computer Science for Fun) is a UK-based magazine on computer science aimed at school students, posted free to subscribing schools in the UK. It is produced by Paul Curzon, Peter McOwan and staff from the School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Queen Mary University of London, England, with initial support from the EPSRC. The magazine is also supported by the British Computer Society, Microsoft, ARM and Intel as well as EECS. It is printed twice a year and has an associated website with additional articles.

ISSN information 
  (print edition)
  (electronic edition)

External links 
 CS4FN website

Computer science education in the United Kingdom
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
Magazines established in 2005
Computer magazines published in the United Kingdom
Queen Mary University of London
Bi-monthly magazines published in the United Kingdom
Magazines published in London
Silica fiber. Silica fibers are fibers made of sodium silicate (water glass). They are used in heat protection (including asbestos substitution) and in packings and compensators. They can be made such that they are substantially free from non-alkali metal compounds.

Sodium silicate fibres may be used for subsequent production of silica fibres, which is better than producing the latter from a melt containing SiO2 or by acid-leaching of glass fibres. The silica fibres are useful for producing wet webs, filter linings and reinforcing the material.

They can also be used to produce silicic acid fibres by a dry spinning method. These fibres have properties which make them useful in friction-lining materials.

See also
Optical fiber
All-silica fiber

References

Water-Containing Water Glass Fibers: United States Patent: 4,471,019, Sep. 11, 1984
Manufacturing Silica Fibers. United States Patent, 4,332,601, Jun. 1, 1982. Arno Wegerhoff, Woerth and Karlheinz Hillermeier, Wuppertal. All of Fed. Rep. of Germany

Glass types
Protection mechanism. In computer science, protection mechanisms are built into a computer architecture to support the enforcement of security policies. A simple definition of a security policy is "to set who may use what information in a computer system".

The access matrix model, first introduced in 1971, is a generalized description of operating system protection mechanisms.

The separation of protection and security is a special case of the separation of mechanism and policy.

Notes

References
Anita K. Jones, Richard J. Lipton The enforcement of security policies for computation ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles. Proceedings of the fifth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles. Austin, Texas, United States. pp. 197–206. 1975

Carl E. Landwehr Formal Models for Computer Security  Volume 13,  Issue 3  (September 1981) pp. 247–278
  

Computer security models
Computer security procedures
Living Planet Report. The Living Planet Report is published every two years by the World Wide Fund for Nature since 1998. It is based on the Living Planet Index and ecological footprint calculations.

The Living Planet Report is the world's leading, science-based analysis, on the health of our planet and the impact of human activity.  Humanity's demands exceed the Earth's capacity to sustain us.

The 2018 report found a "decline of 60% in population sizes" of vertebrate species overall from 1970 to 2014. The tropics of South and Central America had an 89% loss compared to 1970. These claims have been criticized by some studies such as the research group led by Brian Leung and including Maria Dornelas.

The 2018 report calls for new goals post-2020 alongside those of the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Paris Climate Agreement and the Sustainable Development Goals.  The 2020 report says systemic changes are necessary to stop the destruction of global wildlife populations, including a complete overhaul of food production and consumption industries, along with making global trade more sustainable and removing deforestation completely from global supply chains.

The 2022 report found that vertebrate wildlife populations have declined by an average of almost 70% since 1970, and attributes the loss primarily to agriculture and fishing. The estimate was based on an analysis of 32,000 populations of 5,230 animal species.

Editions 
The first version of the Living Planet Report was published on 1998. Following versions in 1999, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2018 and 2020.

See also
 Holocene extinction

References

External links
 Official website
 Summary of the Living Planet Report 2016
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5_urelnADjI

Environmental reports
CA-Realizer. CA-Realizer was a BASIC-language software development product originally developed by Within Technologies, but first commercially released by Computer Associates, as CA-Realizer 1.0 in 1992. Several versions were released, that provided a version of the BASIC programming language, a Rapid application development tool, including forms building and some powerful built-in components, that was comparable to, and competitive with Microsoft Visual Basic, in its early days.  It offered some functionality (like a fairly useful spreadsheet) and cross-platform capability. There were versions for 16-bit Windows 3.1, 32-bit Windows 95, and 32-bit IBM OS/2.  The final version was CA-Realizer 3.0, released around 1996.

Starting with version 4.0, MS Visual Basic continued to advance in functionality, leaving CA-Realizer behind. Increasingly uncompetitive, CA-Realizer was quietly retired from CA's product offerings in the late 1990s.

In the 1996 to 1999 versions of Accpac ERP for Windows, CA Realizer was responsible for the dreaded "CarlZ Error" which would periodically hang up the software. This error disappeared in the 2000 version of the software when it underwent a rewrite in C.

References

External links 
CA-Realizer - EDM2

BASIC programming language family
CA Technologies
Persoz pendulum. A Persoz pendulum is a device used for measuring hardness of materials. The instrument consists of a pendulum which is free to swing on two balls resting on a coated test panel. The pendulum hardness test is based on the principle that the amplitude of the pendulum's oscillation will decrease more quickly when supported on a softer surface. The hardness of any given coating is given by the number of oscillations made by the pendulum within the specified limits of amplitude determined by accurately positioned photo sensors. An electronic counter records the number of swings made by the pendulum

Construction

The pendulum consists of balls which rest on the coating under test and form the fulcrum. The Persoz pendulum is very similar to the Konig pendulum. Both employ the same principle, that is the softer the coating the more the pendulum oscillations are damped and the shorter the time needed for the amplitude of oscillation to be reduced by a specified amount. The two pendulums differ in shape, mass and oscillation time, and there is no general relationship between the results obtained using the two pieces of equipment. In either case, the test simply involves noting the time in seconds for the amplitude of swing to decrease from either 6 to 3 degrees (Konig pendulum) or 12 to 4 degrees (Persoz pendulum).

References

Hardness instruments
Materials science
Pendulums
Coatings
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane. 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane is a chlorinated hydrocarbon.  It is a colorless liquid with a sweet chloroform-like odor.  It is used as a solvent and in the production of wood stains and varnishes. It is an isomer of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane.

Production
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane can be obtained by a two-step addition reaction of acetylene with chlorine (via dichloroethene), but this mainly produces 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane.

It can be obtained directly by chlorination of 1,1,2-trichloroethane:

Safety
IARC has classified 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane as a possible carcinogen for humans in 2014.

See also
 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane

References

Chloroalkanes
Halogenated solvents
IARC Group 2B carcinogens
Sweet-smelling chemicals
D-class blimp. The D class blimp was a patrol airship used by the US Navy in the early 1920s. The D-type blimps were slightly larger than the C-type and had many detail improvements. The Navy continued the practice of dividing the envelope production between Goodyear and Goodrich. The control cars were manufactured by the Naval Aircraft Factory. The major improvements over the C-type blimps were a better control car design and easier, more reliable controls and instrumentation. The engines were moved to the rear to reduce noise and allow easier communications between crew members. The fuel tanks were suspended from the sides of the envelope. The envelope was identical to the C-type, except an additional six-foot panel was inserted for a total length of  and a volume of . The last of the D-Class, D-6, had a redesigned control car by Leroy Grumman who later founded the Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation.

Operational history

On the day of its maiden fight, the D-1 caught fire and burned inside the Goodyear hangar  at Wingfoot Lake, Ohio. The D-2, D-3, D-4 and D-5 were transferred to the United States Army which the Air Ship Board had given the primary role of operating non-rigid airships after World War I. D-3 participated as an observation and photography aircraft at the famed "Mitchell" bombing test of 1921. D-3 also participated in the Mitchell bombing trials and tested experimental mooring masts. D-3 also participated in early "hook-on" experiments to see if it was possible for an airplane to fly up to and hook onto a trapeze hanging from an airship. No actual hook-ons were achieved, but approaches were practiced. D-4 also participated in the Mitchell trials, for observation and photography. The D-5 was never operated by the Army with that designation. After the loss of D-2, the D-5 was erected with more powerful 180 hp Wright V engines and flown as the D-2 (no. 2) D-2 (no 2 is a designation created by historian James Shock, never used by the Army). There is no evidence the airship flew for the Army with the designation "D-5". D-5 is believed to have been renumbered "D-2" after the loss of that airship.

The Navy retained one additional D-type, the D-6. The D-6 was built by the Naval Aircraft Factory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, but her design was sufficiently different that she was distinct from the other five D-class airships. It featured a further improved control car (the "D-1 Enclosed Cabin Car" which had a water tight bottom for landings on water and internal fuel tanks. The D-6 was burned in the Naval Air Station Rockaway hangar fire of 31 August 1921 along with two small dirigibles, the C-10 and the H-1 and the kite balloon A-P.

The last operational D-type, the D-3 was decommissioned by the Army sometime in 1924.

Operators

United States Navy
United States Army

Specifications (typical)

See also
 List of airships of the United States Navy

References

 
 
 
 

1920s United States patrol aircraft
Airships of the United States Navy
Goodyear aircraft