omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Merlin Rocket. The Merlin Rocket is a  dinghy sailed in the United Kingdom. It is an active class, now with over 3800 boats built.

The boat designed around a box rule, meaning that all class boats need to be within a certain length and width, but can be any shape. This allows for quick modernization of the class. The great advantage to this is quick adoption to new technology and the ability to change a boat to a person's weight and ability. Although the rules allow for many sail plans, many modern Rockets have similar sails. Most have a high batten allowing for a large roach in the sail. Although the rules are open, they are not unlimited. Use of a Trapeze is forbidden in this class.

When competing in a mixed fleet, the Merlin Rocket uses a Portsmouth Yardstick handicap of 980 in the RYA scheme and 77.9 in the US Sailing scheme.

History

The 'Merlin Rocket class' was created by the merger of two previously separate classes.  The 'Merlin' was originally designed in 1945/6 by Jack Holt as a result of discussions among and commissioning by a syndicate of members, including Holt, of Ranelagh Sailing Club, on the Thames in London.  The prototype Merlin #1, named Kate after the last few letters in the word 'syndicate', continues to be sailed at Ranelagh Sailing Club. The second Merlin and first production boat is now in the collection of the National Maritime Museum Cornwall having been presented to the museum by Beecher Moore, a sailing and business partner of Jack Holt and another member of the original commissioning syndicate.  The 'Rocket' class was formed in 1949 when a group of Tynemouth sailors commissioned Wyche & Coppock of Nottingham, also known for their building of the Norfolk Punt, to design a half deck 14 ft. dinghy which had more sail area, narrower decks and was lighter than the Merlin.  After much debate the two classes merged in April, 1951 to form the 'Merlin Rocket Class'.

References

External links
Official Class Page

Dinghies
Development sailing classes
Boats designed by Ian Proctor
Boats designed by Jack Holt
River morphology. The terms river morphology and its synonym stream morphology are used to describe the shapes of river channels and how they change in shape and direction over time. The morphology of a river channel is a function of a number of processes and environmental conditions, including the composition and erodibility of the bed and banks (e.g., sand, clay, bedrock); erosion comes from the power and consistency of the current, and can effect the formation of the river's path.  Also, vegetation and the rate of plant growth; the availability of sediment; the size and composition of the sediment moving through the channel; the rate of sediment transport through the channel and the rate of deposition on the floodplain, banks, bars, and bed; and regional aggradation or degradation due to subsidence or uplift. River morphology can also be affected by human interaction, which is a way the river responds to a new factor in how the river can change its course. An example of human induced change in river morphology is dam construction, which alters the ebb flow of fluvial water and sediment, therefore creating or shrinking estuarine channels. A river regime is a dynamic equilibrium  system, which is a way of classifying rivers into different categories. The four categories of river regimes are Sinuous canali- form rivers, Sinuous point bar rivers, Sinuous braided rivers, and Non-sinuous braided rivers.

The study of river morphology is accomplished in the field of fluvial geomorphology, the scientific term.

See also

 Bedload, Suspended load
 Sediment, sedimentation, erosion 
 River, Stream, Canal
 Water, Water resource
 Flood

References

Rosgen, Dave (1996). Applied River Morphology. 2nd ed. (Fort Collins, CO: Wildland Hydrology, publ.) .
Brice J C. Planform properties of meandering rivers [C].River Meandering, Proceedings of the October 24–26, 1983 Rivers '83 Conference, ASCE. New Orleans, Louisi- ana, 1983. 1-15.

External links
River Morphology at Delft University of Technology
River Engineering and Morphology at WL | Delft Hydraulics
River morphology in Delft Cluster

 
Rivers
Hydraulic engineering
Water streams
Geomorphology
Sedimentology
Fluvial landforms
Aris IV. ARIS IV (Anti-tank Rocket Infantry System, also referred to as Aris) was a portable one-shot  anti-tank weapon, built in Greece and designed by the Hellenic Arms Industry (EBO) in 1984. It had a maximum range of  and penetration capability  of steel. Lighter versions (anti-personnel etc.) had also been developed. In addition, it utilised locally developed composite parts, in an effort to reduce the overall weight.

External links 
ARIS IV Rocket

Anti-tank rockets
Weapons of Greece
Military equipment introduced in the 1980s
RMK Engineering College. R.M.K. Engineering College (RMKEC) is a private engineering college at Kavaraipettai, Gummidipoondi Taluk, Tamil Nadu, India, governed by the Lakshmikanthammal Educational Trust. It is affiliated to Anna University, Chennai, and accredited by All India Council for Technical Education(AICTE) with A+ Grade (3.52/4.00). All the seven departments of the college are accredited by the National Board of Accreditation(NBA). RMKEC is among the top engineering colleges of Anna University in Tamil Nadu and a Tier-I institution among self-financing colleges. It is a minority institution under language category. The college got autonomous status for a period of 10 years from the session 2020–2021 to 2029–2030

History 
Opened in 1995 with three departments -- Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Computer Science and Engineering, Electronics and Communication Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering, the college is located in Kavaraipettai - a town in Gummidipoondi Taluk of Thiruvallur district. In addition to offering Bachelor's and master's degrees in most of the engineering departments, the college also offers a master's degree in Computer Applications (MCA) and Business Administration (MBA). The campus is spread across 60 acres. The college has a fleet of 80 buses for transportation of students. The number of students per class is 40 till second year to maintain a healthy Student to Faculty ratio. From the second year onwards the students per class is 60.

Courses Offered

Bachelor's Degree
B.E. in Civil Engineering
B.E. in Computer Science and Engineering
B.E. in Electrical and Electronics Engineering
B.E. in Electronics and Communication Engineering
B.E. in Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering
B.Tech. in Information Technology
B.E. in Mechanical Engineering.

Awards and recognitions
 The college is certified by DNV Netherlands as ISO 9001:2008 compliant.
 The college has been awarded "Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan National Award for an Engineering College having Best Overall Performance" by the Indian Society for Technical Education (ISTE) for 2008.

Rankings

The National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) ranked it in the 151-200 band among engineering colleges in 2023.

References

External links
 RMK Engineering College Official Site

Private engineering colleges in Tamil Nadu
Colleges affiliated to Anna University
Education in Tiruvallur district
Educational institutions established in 1995
1995 establishments in Tamil Nadu
ISYS:Desktop. ISYS:desktop is an enterprise-class desktop search tool designed to find information on individual PCs as well as across corporate networks, databases and proprietary systems.  It was originally introduced in 1989 by ISYS Search Software as a search and retrieval tool for DOS.

In 2006 it could be compared to Google's search appliance.

While the personal was available the Enterprise Edition was required to search content repositories such as Documentum, SharePoint and Interwoven.

References

External links 

Desktop search engines
BHT. BHT may refer to:

 Berliner Hochschule für Technik, is the second largest University of Applied Sciences in Berlin
 Black hairy tongue
 Blue Hill Troupe, a New York City-based musical theatre company
 Boğaziçi Hava Taşımacılığı, a former Turkish airline
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Television
 Broken Hill type ore deposit
 Butylated hydroxytoluene, an organic compound
Eem. The Eem (; formerly the Amer) is a river in the central Netherlands with a length of approximately .

The river is fed by the Vallei Canal and a number of Veluwe creeks, the most important of which are the Heiligenberger Beek, the Barneveldse Beek and the Lunterse Beek, all of which come together in Amersfoort. The river then runs through the Eem Valley to the east of Soest, Baarn and Eemnes before emptying into the Eemmeer. The Eem is responsible for the largest portion of the drainage of the Gelder Valley. The polders of the Eem are valuable scenic landscapes.

Because of land subsidence as a result of drainage, the primate lies higher than the surrounding land. When water levels drop in the summer, water is pumped from the Nederrijn to the Eem through the Vallei Canal. Because of agricultural pollution carried by the Eem towards the Eemmeer, the biological richness of this lake is less than that of the other lakes which surround Flevoland.

The Eem gives its name to the Eemian interglacial era.

Gallery

External links
 
 

Rivers of Utrecht (province)
Rivers of the Netherlands
Rockwell HiMAT. The Rockwell RPRV-870 HiMAT (Highly Maneuverable Aircraft Technology) is an experimental remotely piloted aircraft that was produced for a NASA program to develop technologies for future fighter aircraft. Among the technologies explored were close-coupled canards, fully digital flight control (including propulsion), composite materials (graphite and fiberglass), remote piloting, synthetic vision systems, winglets, and others.

Two aircraft were produced by Rockwell International. Their first flights took place in 1979, and testing was completed in 1983.

Design and development
The HiMATs were remotely piloted, as the design team decided that it would be cheaper and safer to not risk a pilot's life during the experiments. This also meant that no ejection seat would have to be fitted. The aircraft was flown by a pilot in a remote cockpit, and control signals up-linked from the flight controls in the remote cockpit on the ground to the aircraft, and aircraft telemetry downlinked to the remote cockpit displays. The remote cockpit could be configured with either nose camera video or with a 3D synthetic vision display called a "visual display". The aircraft were launched from a B-52 Stratofortress at altitude. There was also a TF-104G Starfighter chase plane with a set of backup controls which could take control of the HiMAT in the event that the remote pilot on the ground lost control.

Advances in digital flight control gained during the project contributed to the Grumman X-29 experimental aircraft, and composite construction are used widely on both commercial and military aircraft.

The aircraft's initial concept included a wedge-shaped exhaust nozzle with 2D thrust vectoring.

Aircraft on display
The two HiMAT aircraft are now on display, one at the National Air and Space Museum and the other at the Armstrong Flight Research Center.

Specifications

Gallery

See also
 List of experimental aircraft
 Grumman X-29
 Rockwell-MBB X-31
 McDonnell Douglas X-36
 NASA X-38

References

Further reading

External links

 HiMAT Research Vehicle at Boeing.com

NASA vehicles
HiMAT
Unmanned aerial vehicles of the United States
1970s United States experimental aircraft
Canard aircraft
Mid-wing aircraft
Single-engined jet aircraft
Twin-boom aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1979
Aircraft with skid landing gear
Sea Zenith. Sea Zenith is a four-barrelled 25 mm CIWS used by the Turkish Navy on their MEKO 200 frigates, like the Barbaros and Yavuz classes. It was developed in the 1980s by Oerlikon Contraves (Rheinmetall Air Defence since 2009) around their Oerlikon KBB gun and manufactured in Switzerland. This automatic gun uses a 25x184mm cartridge (longer than the one used by the more common Oerlikon KBA gun) at a rate of 800 rounds a minute. Using four independent guns instead of one multi-barrelled rotary cannon improves reliability. The system is mounted in an enclosed automatic turret and directed by the Seaguard radar developed by Contraves. The turret is tilted back to allow a higher elevation to intercept diving missiles. The system's primary purpose is defence against anti-ship missiles, and other precision guided weapons. However it can also be employed against fixed/rotary wing aircraft, ships and other small craft, coastal targets, and floating mines.

Specifications:
 Caliber: 25 mm
 Barrels: 4 (independent)
 Rate of fire: 3,200 rpm
 Range: 2 km
 Weight: 3500 kg

Sea Zenith had a related development, the Sea Shield system. It was mounted above deck and did not have the high elevation capability of the Sea Zenith. Presented in 1989, it was abandoned in the early 1990s.

The Myriad system, developed by Breda and Contraves (among others) was a related weapon. It used two 25mm 7-barrelled KBD Gatling gun, also developed by Oerlikon. Compared to the Sea Zenith, the firing rate is higher (10,000 rounds a minute), but the effective range is limited to one kilometer.

See also
 Aselsan GOKDENIZ

References

 http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Naval-Weapon-Systems/Oerlikon-Contraves-GM25-Sea-Zenith-Switzerland.html
 The Naval Institute guide to world naval weapons systems, 1997-1998; Friedman, Norman
 Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World; Wertheim, Eric
 :de:Nahbereichsverteidigungssystem (in German)
 :it:Seaguard (in Italian)

Naval anti-aircraft guns
Autocannon
Close-in weapon systems
Turkish Navy weapon systems
25 mm artillery
John Kruesi. John Kruesi (May 15, 1843 – February 22, 1899) was a Swiss-born machinist, and close associate of Thomas Edison. His great-grandson was Bill Brock.

Career
John Kruesi had been apprenticed as a locksmith in Switzerland, and migrated to the United States where he settled in Newark, New Jersey. There, he met Thomas Edison. Edison employed him for his workshop in 1872.

Kruesi became Edison's head machinist through his Newark and Menlo Park periods, responsible for translating Edison's numerous rough sketches into working devices. Since constructing and testing models was central to Edison's method of inventing, Kruesi's skill in doing this was critical to Edison's success as an inventor. Historians Robert Friedel and Paul Israel summed up Kruesi's remarkable ability of this:

If the devices that emerged [from Kruesi's workshop] didn't work, it was because they were bad ideas, not because they were badly made. And when the ideas were good, as in the case of the phonograph, the product of Kruesi's shop would prove it.

Kruesi was also involved in many of Edison's key inventions. Including the quadruplex telegraph, the carbon microphone, phonograph, incandescent light bulb and system of electric lighting.

With the development of Edison's system of electric lighting, Kruesi moved to more management positions. In 1881, Edison put Kruesi in charge of the Edison Electric Tube Company, making him responsible for the installation of underground power distribution cables from the central generating station. Kruesi was also an inventor, while at the Electric Tube Company, he devised a two wire conduit in which two semicircular conductors were separated by an insulator and covered in insulating material. Kruesi became assistant general manager of the lower Manhattan Edison Machine Works in 1894. The Edison Machine Works moved to Schenectady, NY in 1886 and was merged into Edison General Electric in 1889. When that company merged with several others to form General Electric Company in 1892, Kruesi was promoted to General Manager, and then to Chief Mechanical Engineer  at the Schenectady site in 1896.

References

External links

1843 births
1899 deaths
American engineers
Machinists
Engineers from Newark, New Jersey
Swiss engineers
Swiss emigrants to the United States
Penang Outer Ring Road. Penang Outer Ring Road (PORR) is a planned expressway in George Town, Penang, Malaysia. If constructed, it will connect Gelugor in the south, near Penang Bridge to Tanjung Bungah in the north. After a mid-term review of the Ninth Malaysia Plan, this project, together with Penang Monorail has been postponed indefinitely.

History

The concession was awarded to Peninsular Metroworks Sdn Bhd (PMW), a company formed in 1996 but the company was not able to get the project off the ground. PMW was formed by Nadi Senandung Sdn Bhd (55%), Yayasan Bumiputera Pulau Pinang Bhd (35%) and an individual. It was reported in early May 2007 that Malaysian Resources Corporation Berhad (MRCB) will become the lead shareholder of the company and will start the construction of the road.

About 60 percent of the 17 km highway will be elevated. Development cost is expected to be RM1.02 billion.

List of Interchanges

Main link

Gurney link

External links
The Penang Outer Ring Road (PORR)
MP Chow Kon Yeow blogged on PORR
A critical view of why concessionaire's weakness delayed PORR

Expressways in Malaysia
Expressways and highways in Penang
Northern Corridor Economic Region
Proposed roads in Malaysia
Deep plan. A deep plan building is a building in which the horizontal distance between exterior walls is many times greater than the floor to floor height. Deep plan buildings make more efficient use of site area. They also cost less to build per unit floor area because of their smaller wall to floor area ratio. 

Deep plan buildings introduce complications for light and ventilation penetration that are relatively easily solved for single story buildings (for example using sawtooth roofs) but usually necessitate artificial lighting and air conditioning or ventilation if over one story.

References

Building
Soreq Nuclear Research Center. Soreq Nuclear Research Center is a research and development institute situated near the localities of Palmachim and Yavne in Israel. It operates under the auspices of the Israel Atomic Energy Commission (IAEC) and under the supervision of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

History
The center conducts research in various physical sciences, particularly the development of many kinds of sensors, lasers, atmospheric research, non-destructive testing techniques, space environment, nuclear safety, medical diagnostics and nuclear medicine. Soreq also produces various types of radiopharmaceuticals for use by health care organizations throughout the country.

Some of the institute's research facilities include an AMF 5 MW pool-type light water nuclear reactor supplied in the late 1950s from the United States under the Atoms for Peace program and a 10 MeV proton cyclotron accelerator, as well as extensive laboratory and testing facilities. Currently under construction is a 5-40 MeV, 0.04-5 mA proton and deuteron superconducting linear accelerator scheduled for commissioning in 2013.

The center is named after the nearby stream of Soreq.

The center operates under the safeguards of the International Atomic Energy Agency.

Architecture 
Noted American modernist architect Philip Johnson designed the center's building in 1956. The project was Johnson's first government commission. Dr. Lev Zetlin, the structural engineer for this project, introduced Philip Johnson to Israeli authorities and facilitated his hiring. Zetlin, one of the most renowned practitioners of his profession, worked very closely with Johnson in the design and construction of the reactor. It was Zetlin who set the parameters and established the conditions for the architect and turned Johnson's ideas into reality.

In an article in Haaretz, Prof. Zvi Efrat, an architect, historian of architecture and former head of the architecture department at the Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design said: "The fact that Johnson of all people, with his Nazi-embracing past, was chosen is no less interesting than the architecture of the building. You can't possibly say that Shimon Peres didn't know. Not only Peres, but all the middlemen who brought him to Peres..." Johnson, who never visited the site, called it "my temple in the desert.

See also
SARAF – Soreq Applied Research Accelerator Facility

References

External links
Official website
Soreq Nuclear Research Center (SNRC), NTI
The Radiological Accident in Soreq, International Atomic Energy Agency, May 1993
Центр ядерных исследований «Сорек» 

Research institutes in Israel
Israeli nuclear development
Nuclear research institutes
Philip Johnson buildings
Centre for Science and Environment. Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) is a not-for-profit public interest research and advocacy organisation based in New Delhi, India. Established in 1980, CSE works as a think tank on environment-development issues in India, poor planning, climate shifts devastating India's Sundarbans and advocates for policy changes and better implementation of the already existing policies.

The director of the centre is Sunita Narain. Under her leadership, the Centre for Science and Environment exposed the high level of pesticides present in American brands of soft drinks such as Coke and Pepsi.

In 2018 the CSE was awarded Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament and Development.

Some of its projects include investigating food adulteration and consumer product safety.

See also
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education
Down to Earth
Gobar Times
 List of science centers#Asia

References

1980 establishments in Delhi
Environmental organisations based in India
Organisations based in Delhi
Scientific organizations established in 1980
Think tanks based in India
Science museums in India
Non-profit organisations based in India
Environmental studies institutions in India
Rambler (bicycle). Rambler was an American bicycle brand manufactured by the Gormully & Jeffery Manufacturing Company (G&J) in Chicago from 1878 to 1900 and subsequently by the American Bicycle Company.

History 

The Rambler brand was created in 1878 by Thomas B. Jeffery, who co-founded G&J in Chicago with R. Philip Gormully. At the time, low prices often took precedence over quality but in manufacturing the Rambler, G&J used several more costly techniques, such as using brass-brazed joints instead of more common non-brazed welds, which improved the quality of the bicycle.

In 1897, Jeffery built his first Rambler automobile, a simple single cylinder car with bicycle wheels and a forerunner of the 1901 Rambler Model A.

Jeffery sold his stake in the successful bicycle company in 1900 to the American Bicycle Company to focus on automobiles after favorable responses to his exhibition of a $900 runabout at auto shows. At the time, G&J was the second-largest bicycle manufacturer in the US.

Manufacturing 

The Rambler's body featured flared metal tubing for extra strength at the joints, which were brazed by immersion in molten brass. These techniques continued even after Gormully & Jeffery and Rambler became brands of the American Bicycle Company.

References

American Motors
Cycle manufacturers of the United States
History of Chicago
1878 introductions