omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Push–pull. Push–pull  may refer to:

In electronic technology
Push–pull output, type of electronic circuit
Push–pull converter, in electronics, is a type of DC to DC converter that uses a transformer
Push–pull connector, an electronic cable connector
Push technology / Pull technology, in network communications

In transport technology
Push–pull configuration, on aircraft
Push–pull train, a train able to be operated by a driver at either end
Push-to-pull compression fittings, a type of compression fitting that allows air line to be attached without the use of tools

In other technology
Push processing, and its counterpart "pull processing" in photography
Push-and-pull enteroscopy, an endoscopic technique for visualization of the small bowel
Push–pull olefin, in organic chemistry
Push–pull perfusion, an in vivo sampling method
Push–pull technology, in agricultural pest management

In the arts

Music
Push Pull (Hoobastank album), 2018
Push Pull (Jimmy Lyons album), 1979
"Push Pull", a song by Purity Ring from the 2015 album Another Eternity

Other uses
Hans Hofmann's "push/pull" theory, concerning perceived depth in abstract painting
Pushmi-pullyu, fictional breed of antelope

Other uses
 Human migration#Push and Pull, factors pushing migrants out from home, or pulling them toward a new host
Push–pull agricultural pest management, in farming, an intercropping strategy for controlling agricultural pests.
Push–pull strategy, in logistics, supply chain management and marketing
Push–pull workout, a type of weight-lifting routine

See also
Push and pull (disambiguation)
CIGS. CIGS may refer to:

 Chief of the Imperial General Staff, a pre-1964 military position in the British Army
 CIGS solar cell, a PV technology using CIGS absorber material (see next item)
 Copper indium gallium selenide (CuInxGa(1-x)Se2), a semiconductor absorber material for solar cells of same name
 Centro de Instrução de Guerra na Selva, a Brazilian Army Jungle Training Center and Combat School
 United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, a treaty that is a uniform international sales law.

See also
 Cigarette
Slot 2. Slot 2 refers to the physical and electrical specification for the 330-lead Single Edge Contact Cartridge (or edge-connector) used by Intel's Pentium II Xeon and Pentium III Xeon.

When first introduced, Slot 1 Pentium IIs were intended to replace the Pentium and Pentium Pro processors in the home, desktop, and low-end symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) markets. The Pentium II Xeon, which was aimed at multiprocessor workstations and servers, was largely similar to the ordinary Pentium II, being based on the same P6 Deschutes core, differing by offering the choice of L2 cache capacity of 1024 or 2048 KB besides 512 KB, and by operating it at the core frequency (the Pentium II used cheaper third-party SRAM chips, running at 50% of CPU speed, to reduce cost).

Because the design of the 242-lead Slot 1 connector did not support the full-speed L2 cache of the Xeon, an extended 330-lead connector was developed. This new connector, dubbed 'Slot 2', was used for Pentium II Xeon (codenamed 'Drake') and Pentium III Xeon (codenamed 'Tanner' and 'Cascades'). Slot 1 was finally replaced by the Socket 370 with the revised Pentium III codenamed Tualatin for the low power dual-processor servers, and Slot 2 by Socket 603 with Pentium 4-based Xeon (codenamed Foster) for workstations and quad-processor servers.

See also
 List of Intel microprocessors
 List of Intel Xeon microprocessors
 Slot A
 Slot 1

References

Intel CPU sockets
Slot A. Slot A is the physical and electrical specification for a 242-lead single-edge-connector used by early versions of AMD's Athlon processor.

The Slot A connector allows for a higher bus rate than Socket 7 or Super Socket 7. Slot A motherboards use the EV6 bus protocol, a technology originally developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) for its Alpha 21264 microprocessor.

Slot A is mechanically compatible but electrically incompatible with Intel's Slot 1. As a consequence, Slot A motherboards were designed to have the connector's installed orientation be rotated 180 degrees relative to Slot 1 motherboards to discourage accidental insertion of a Slot 1 processor into a Slot A motherboard, and vice versa. The choice to use the same mechanical connector as the Intel Slot 1 also allowed motherboard manufacturers to keep costs down by stocking the same part for both Slot 1 and Slot A assemblies.

Unlike with Slot 1 CPUs, there were never any converter cards, or slotkets made that allowed Socket A CPUs to be used on Slot A motherboards, as what happened with the slotkets made for using Socket 370 CPUs in Slot 1 motherboards.

AMD went back into using a traditional socket interface with Socket A in 2000.

Chipsets
AMD offered official chipsets for the Slot A CPUs. These are included in the table below.

Third-party chipsets includes a large number of VIA K-series chipsets.

In practice, third-party chipsets were heavily favoured by motherboard manufacturers. Stability problems and compatibility quirks from these chipsets abounded from manufacturers not following chipset designers' guidelines. This caused long-lasting damage to AMD's reputation, despite AMD having nothing to do with the poorly-realised hardware. A similar incident happened with third-party chipsets for Super Socket 7 CPUs, of which AMD tried to remedy it by putting quality assurance measures for the Athlon, which used Slot A CPUs. Despite this, however, the aforementioned problems mentioned above still lingered on for quite a while, even for Athlon CPUs.

See also
 List of AMD microprocessors

References

AMD sockets
Usu (mortar). An usu (, ) is a large Japanese stamp mill with a pestle called kine (, ), used to pound rice or millet.

While the function of an usu is similar to the smaller suribachi and surikogi mortars, the shape is very different, as the usu usually lacks the rough pattern in the bowl, and has a differently shaped pestle which is used in a different manner.

Appearance 
The usu is usually about one meter high (including pedestal) and has a diameter of ca. 30 cm. The usu is usually made of wood or stone. The kine  is a long wooden mallet with a length exceeding one meter. The usu is usually operated by two people at the same time. One person swings the kine to pound the rice in a similar motion to chopping wood. It is physically demanding work and is usually done by men who often chant to keep time. Between each swing, another person puts his hand in the bowl to turn the rice. Timing is critical for safe operation of the usu.

Use 
The most common use of an usu is to pound cooked white rice into a very sticky mass in order to produce mochi. It is still frequently used in Japan in traditional restaurants and also sometimes in traditional, rural, or wealthier private households. Especially around New Year they are used by companies and organizations to make mochi together and distribute it to the employees to strengthen the group spirit.

See also 
 Jeolgu, Korean equivalent of usu
List of Japanese cooking utensils

References

Japanese food preparation utensils
Food grinding tools
AI.24 Foxhunter. The AI.24 Foxhunter was an aircraft interception (AI) radar carried by the Panavia Tornado ADV fighter aircraft (known as the Tornado F3 in Royal Air Force service), which gave it an all-weather, day-and-night, beyond-visual-range engagement capability.

Production
The radar was manufactured by GEC-Marconi subsidiaries and other partners, with major parts from Ferranti. 
Despite initial problems, (the radar was several years late and 60 per cent over budget) successive upgrades constantly improved the RAF's Tornado F3 fleet.

Development

Much of the radar system and related operational software was developed at the Radar Research Laboratory of GEC-Marconi Elliott Avionic Systems Ltd., initially at the Elliott Automation plant in Borehamwood, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom, and latterly (from 1981 to 2004) as Marconi Avionics at the (formerly the Xerox site of a matrix of interconnected grey portacabins and a few factory units) facility on Monks Way, Linford Wood, Milton Keynes.  This site has changed completely in the years since, but there is now a Foxhunter Drive starting where the high security gate was.

History
The radar was flight tested on a Hawker Siddeley Buccaneer and first flew in a Tornado F.2 in June 1981.

Contractual relationships
In 1987 GEC argued that the contractual relationships were partly to blame for the delay in the Foxhunter entering service – although GEC was responsible for most of the radar, Ferranti manufactured the antenna platform (the scanner less the antenna) and transmitter and reported to the Ministry of Defence who acted as the prime contactor. A new contract was signed in March 1988 and described as "tight" (i.e. not lenient towards Marconi) by the Financial Times.

Production delays
Production Tornado F.2s had concrete ballast in place of the Foxhunter radar, due to the development delays. This ballast became known as the "Blue Circle radar", a play on words from a British brand of cement by the same name, and the Rainbow Codes previously used for British radars.

The UK's Tornado F3 fleet were ultimately equipped with "Stage 3 AI.24s".

References

External links
 Implementation in the Tornado

Aircraft radars
Ferranti
General Electric Company
Military radars of the United Kingdom
Military equipment introduced in the 1980s
MISTY1. In cryptography, MISTY1 (or MISTY-1) is a block cipher designed in 1995 by Mitsuru Matsui and others for Mitsubishi Electric.

MISTY1 is one of the selected algorithms in the European NESSIE project, and has been among the cryptographic techniques recommended for Japanese government use by CRYPTREC in 2003; however, it was dropped to "candidate" by CRYPTREC revision in 2013. However, it was successfully broken in 2015 by Yosuke Todo using integral cryptanalysis; this attack was improved in the same year by Achiya Bar-On.

"MISTY" can stand for "Mitsubishi Improved Security Technology"; it is also the initials of the researchers involved in its development: Matsui Mitsuru, Ichikawa Tetsuya, Sorimachi Toru, Tokita Toshio, and Yamagishi Atsuhiro.

MISTY1 is covered by patents, although the algorithm is freely available for academic (non-profit) use in RFC 2994, and there's a GPLed implementation by Hironobu Suzuki (used by, e.g. Scramdisk).

Security
MISTY1 is a Feistel network with a variable number of rounds (any multiple of 4), though 8 are recommended. The cipher operates on 64-bit blocks and has a key size of 128 bits. MISTY1 has an innovative recursive structure; the round function itself uses a 3-round Feistel network. MISTY1 claims to be provably secure against linear and differential cryptanalysis.

KASUMI
KASUMI is a successor of the MISTY1 cipher which was supposed to be stronger than MISTY1 and has been adopted as the standard encryption algorithm for European mobile phones. In 2005, KASUMI was broken, and in 2010 a new paper was published (explained below) detailing a practical attack on the cipher; see the article for more details.

In the paper "Block Ciphers and Stream Ciphers" by Alex Biryukov, it is noted that KASUMI, also termed A5/3, is a strengthened version of block cipher MISTY1 running in a Counter mode.

However, in 2010 Dunkelman, Keller, and Shamir showed that KASUMI is not as strong as MISTY1; the KASUMI attack will not work against MISTY1.

References

External links
 
 Mitsubishi - About MISTY
 MISTY1 patent statement from Mitsubishi
 John Savard's description of MISTY
 SCAN's entry on MISTY1

Feistel ciphers
Mitsubishi Electric products, services and standards
ETB. ETB may refer to:

Technology 
 ETB (company), a Colombian telecommunications company
 Electric trolley bus
 Electronic throttle body, in vehicles
 End-of-Transmission-Block character, in computing 
 Engineering and Technology Board, now EngineeringUK, a UK organisation that promotes engineering 
 Ethernet Train Backbone, a train communication network

Other uses 
 Education and Training Board, a public body in Ireland 
 Endothelin B receptor, a protein 
 Equitorial Trust Bank, a Nigerian commercial bank
 Etebi language of Nigeria 
 Ethiopian birr, the currency of Ethiopia
 Euskal Telebista, a television network in the Basque Autonomous Community
PTS-DOS. PTS-DOS (aka PTS/DOS) is a disk operating system, a DOS clone, developed in Russia by PhysTechSoft and Paragon Technology Systems.

History and versions 
PhysTechSoft was formed in 1991 in Moscow, Russia by graduates and members of MIPT, informally known as PhysTech. At the end of 1993, PhysTechSoft released the first commercially available PTS-DOS as PTS-DOS v6.4. The version numbering followed MS-DOS version numbers, as Microsoft released MS-DOS 6.2 in November 1993.

In 1995, some programmers left PhysTechSoft and founded Paragon Technology Systems. They took source code with them and released their own version named PTS/DOS 6.51CD as well as S/DOS 1.0 ("Source DOS"), a stripped down open-source version. According to official PhysTechSoft announcements, these programmers violated both copyright laws and Russian military laws, as PTS-DOS was developed in close relationship with Russia's military and thus may be subject to military secrets law.

PhysTechSoft continued development on their own and released PTS-DOS v6.6 somewhere between and presented PTS-DOS v6.65 at the CeBIT exhibition in 1997. The next version from PhysTechSoft, formally PTS/DOS Extended Version 6.70 was labeled PTS-DOS 2000 and is still being distributed as a last 16-bit PTS-DOS system, .

Paragon continued their PTS-DOS line and released Paragon DOS Pro 2000 (also known and labeled in some places as PTS/DOS Pro 2000). According to Paragon, this was the last version and all development since then ceased. Moreover, this release contained bundled source code of older PTS-DOS v6.51.

Later, PhysTechSoft continued developing PTS-DOS and finally released PTS-DOS 32, formally known as PTS-DOS v7.0, which added support for the FAT32 file system.

PTS-DOS is certified by the Russian Ministry of Defense.

Commands 
The following list of commands are supported by PTS-DOS 2000 Pro.

 APPEND
 ASK
 ASSIGN
 ATTR
 BEEP
 BREAK
 CALL
 CD
 CHDIR
 CHKDSK
 CHOICE
 CLS
 COMMAND
 COPY
 CTTY
 DATE
 DEBUG
 DEL
 DIR
 DISKCOPY
 DISP
 ECHO
 ECHONLF
 ERASE
 EXE2BIN
 EXIT
 FDISK
 FIND
 FOR
 FORMAT
 GOTO
 HISTORY
 IF
 JOIN
 KEYB
 LABEL
 LOADFIX
 MD
 MEM
 MKDIR
 MKZOMBIE
 MODE
 MORE
 NLSFUNC
 PATH
 PAUSE
 PRINT
 PROMPT
 RD
 RDZOMBIE
 REM
 REN
 RENAME
 REPLACE
 RMDIR
 SET
 SETDRV
 SETVER
 SHARE
 SHIFT
 SORT
 SUBST
 SYS
 TIME
 TREE
 TYPE
 UNINSTALL
 VER
 VERIFY
 VOL

Exclusive commands

UNINSTALL 
This command is specific to PTS/DOS 2000. Paragon's description is (quote)
 Purpose: Restores the booting of a system installed before PTS-DOS on the disk and restores its the boot sector.
 Syntax: UNINSTALL filename [drive:]

Hardware requirements 
 Intel 80286 CPU or better
 512 KB RAM or more

See also 
 Comparison of DOS operating systems
 АДОС, unrelated to Russian MS-DOS
 Russian MS-DOS

References

External links 
 
 Unofficial PTS-DOS FAQ
 Paragon GmbH homepage  

DOS variants
Assembly language software
Disk operating systems
1993 software
Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics. The Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (, IPP) is a physics institute investigating the physical foundations of a fusion power plant. 
The IPP is an institute of the Max Planck Society, part of the European Atomic Energy Community, and an associated member of the Helmholtz Association.

The IPP has two sites: Garching near Munich (founded 1960) and Greifswald (founded 1994), both in Germany.

It owns several large devices, namely the experimental tokamak ASDEX Upgrade (in operation since 1991), the experimental stellarator Wendelstein 7-X (in operation since 2016),  a tandem accelerator and a high heat flux test facility (GLADIS)

Furthermore it cooperates closely with the ITER, DEMO and JET projects.

The International Helmholtz Graduate School for Plasma Physics partners with the Technical University of Munich (TUM) and the University of Greifswald. Associated partners are the Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP) in Greifswald and the Leibniz Computational Center (LRZ) in Garching.

External links

References 

Fusion power
Plasma physics facilities
Physics research institutes
Plasma Physics
University of Greifswald
Garching bei München
Max Planck
Gregory T. Linteris. Gregory Thomas Linteris (born October 4, 1957 in Englewood, New Jersey) is an American scientist who flew as a payload specialist on two NASA Space Shuttle missions in 1997.

Education
Linteris grew up in Demarest, New Jersey, where he attended Northern Valley Regional High School at Demarest. He received a bachelor of science degree in chemical engineering from Princeton University in 1979 and a master of science degree from the design division of the mechanical engineering department at Stanford University in 1984; he was awarded a doctorate in mechanical and aerospace engineering from Princeton in 1990 after completing a doctoral dissertation titled "Trace radical species detection in a turbulent chemical kinetic flow reactor using a 180⁰ laser induced fluorescence probe" supervised by Fred Dryer. Linteris is a member of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, the American Physical Society, the Combustion Institute and Sigma Xi He has over 100 publications in the areas of combustion, chemical kinetics, spectroscopy, and heat transfer.

Spaceflight experience
Linteris was a payload specialist on STS-83 (April 4–8, 1997) and STS-94 (July 1–17, 1997) and logged over 471 hours in space. STS-83, the Microgravity Science Laboratory (MSL-1) Spacelab mission, was cut short because of problems with one of the Space Shuttle's three fuel cell power generation units. STS-94 was a re-flight of the Microgravity Science Laboratory (MSL-1) Spacelab mission, and focused on materials and combustion science research in microgravity.

Current position
During his spaceflight time and currently, Linteris is a staff scientist in the Fire Research Division of the Engineering Laboratory at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Gaithersburg, Maryland.

References

External links
 
Spacefacts biography of Gregory T. Linteris

1957 births
Living people
Northern Valley Regional High School at Demarest alumni
People from Demarest, New Jersey
Princeton University School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
Stanford University School of Engineering alumni
NASA sponsored astronauts
Space Shuttle program astronauts
Recipients of the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers
KH-5 Argon. KH-5 ARGON was a series of reconnaissance satellites produced by the United States from February 1961 to August 1964. The KH-5 operated similarly to the CORONA series of satellites, as it ejected a canister of photographic film. At least 12 missions were attempted, but at least 7 resulted in failure. The satellite was manufactured by Lockheed. Launches used Thor-Agena launch vehicles flying from Vandenberg Air Force Base, with the payload being integrated into the Agena.

Payload 
Different versions of the satellite varied in mass from . At least two missions deployed ELINT subsatellites. Ground resolution for the satellite was , with a swath of . The onboard camera had a focal length of 76 mm. The purpose of the system, which produced relatively low-resolution images compared to other spy satellites, was to provide imagery for cartography purposes. This was one of the tasks that had originally been planned for the SAMOS series of satellites equipped with the (quickly cancelled) E-4 cameras. Each satellite took photographs for less than a week before returning its film.

The satellite was in use during the same period as the KH-2 to KH-4A CORONA and the KH-6 LANYARD satellites. Later satellites were the KH-4B and KH-7 GAMBIT. Images from three of the successful missions returned the first images of Antarctica from space.

Satellites 
Discoverer 20 (KH-5 9014A), was a USAF photographic reconnaissance satellite under the supervision of the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO). Discoverer 20 was the first KH-5 ARGON satellite to be launched. The launch occurred at 20:24:00 GMT on 17 February 1961. A Thor DM-21 Agena-B launch vehicle was used, flying from LC 75-3-4 at the Vandenberg Air Force Base. It was assigned the Harvard designation 1961 Epsilon 1. Discoverer 20 was operated in an Earth orbit, with a perigee of , an apogee of , 80.91° of inclination, and a period of 95.81 minutes. The satellite was equipped with a camera with a focal length of 76 mm, which had a resolution of . Images were recorded onto 127 mm film, and were to have been returned in a Satellite Recovery Vehicle (SRV) before the satellite ceased operations. The satellite weighed . Recovery of the capsule was not attempted due to a system malfunction, and thus the scientific experiment data obtained were limited. Discoverer 20 decayed on 28 July 1962.

Launches

See also 

 KH-1 thru KH-4B CORONA
 KH-6 LANYARD
 KH-7 GAMBIT-1
 KH-8 GAMBIT-3
 KH-9 HEXAGON or Big Bird
 KH-10 DORIAN or Manned Orbital Laboratory
 KH-11
 Satellite imagery
 Cold War

References 

 Mark Wade (August 9, 2003) KH-5 Encyclopedia Astronautica
 KH-5 ARGON GlobalSecurity.org

Surveillance
Reconnaissance satellites of the United States
Military equipment introduced in the 1960s