omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Simeon Borden. Simeon Borden (January 29, 1798 – October 28, 1856) was an American inventor, engineer, and surveyor.

Borden was born in Freetown, now Fall River, Massachusetts, to Simeon and Amey Briggs Borden, he was the 4th great grandson of Richard and Joan (Fowle) Borden, who immigrated to Rhode Island from England in 1838. His younger brother Nathaniel Briggs Borden was an important businessman in the Fall River, Massachusetts and  a United States Representative. Simeon received a limited education at Tiverton, Rhode Island, and studied geometry and applied mathematics on his own. He became a woodworker and metalworker, practiced surveying, and in 1828 headed up a machine-shop in Fall River.

In 1830 Bordon invented a new apparatus for accurately measuring the base line for the upcoming Massachusetts' Trigonometrical Survey. It was 50 feet long, enclosed in a tube, and used with four compound microscopes. The tube and microscopes were mounted on trestles, and adjustable to any direction.

Borden's equipment was judged to be more accurate and convenient than any instrument available, and thus he assisted in measuring the Massachusetts base line (now known as the Borden Base Line) to a remarkable accuracy in 1831, and afterwards led the triangulation of the entire state from 1834 to 1841 as Superintendent of the Survey. He described this first geodetic survey in America in the ninth volume of the Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. In 1842, he was elected as a member of the American Philosophical Society.

Borden surveyed and marked the line between Rhode Island and Massachusetts after their disputed boundary had been tried before the United States Supreme Court in 1844. He then turned his attention to railroads and telegraphs. In 1851 he strung a telegraph wire, suspended on masts 220 feet high, across the Hudson River from the Palisades to Fort Washington, a distance of more than a mile.

Borden died a bachelor in Fall River on October 28, 1856.

Most, if not all, of the original field notes from Borden's trigonometric survey of Massachusetts are in the possession of the Massachusetts Association of Land Surveyors and Civil Engineers, Inc., One Walnut Street, Boston, Massachusetts.

Selected works 
 "An Account of the Trigonometrical Survey of Massachusetts", Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, Volume 9, 18, Part I.
 A System of Useful Formulae: adapted to the practical operations of locating and constructing Railroads, Boston : Charles C. Little & James Brown, 1851.

References 

American civil engineers
People from Fall River, Massachusetts
1798 births
1856 deaths
Zero waste agriculture. Zero waste agriculture is a type of sustainable agriculture which optimizes use of the five natural kingdoms, i.e. plants, animals, bacteria, fungi and algae, to produce biodiverse-food, energy and nutrients in a synergistic integrated cycle of profit making processes where the waste of each process becomes the feedstock for another process.

History
The integration of shallow oxidisation ponds of microalgae was demonstrated by Golueke & Oswald in the 1960s. The widespread global implementation of these systems can be largely credited to Prof George Lai Chan-Yu-Thim (2 March 1924 Mauritius-8 October 2016 Mauritius) from ZERI.  Zero waste agriculture is now practiced in China (ecological farming), Columbia (integrated food & waste management systems) & Fiji (integrated farming systems), India (integrated biogas farming), South Africa (BEAT Coop & African Agroecological Biotechnology Initiative) and Mauritius. The Brazilian government has adopted integrated farming system as a major social technology for the uplifting of marginalized and subsistence farmers through coordination with TECPAR.

Zero waste agriculture combines mature ecological farming practices that delivers an integrated balance of job creation, poverty relief, food security, energy security, water conservation, climate change relief, land security & stewardship.

Practice
Zero waste agriculture is optimally practiced on small 1-5 ha sized family owned and managed farms and it complements traditional farming & animal husbandry as practiced in most third world communities. Zero Waste Agriculture also preserves local indigenous systems and existing agrarian cultural values and practices.

Zero waste agriculture presents a balance of economically, socially and ecologically benefits as it:
 optimizes food production in an ecological sound manner
 reduces water consumption through recycling and reduced evaporation
 provides energy security through the harvesting of biomethane (biogas) and the extraction of biodiesel from micro-algae, as a by-product of food production
 provides climate change relief through the substantial reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from both traditional agriculture practices and fossil fuel usage
 reduces the use of pesticides through biodiverse farming

Certification of such farming practices is both challenging and an opportunity.

See also
 Agricultural technology a/k/a Agritech
 Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture
 Miniwaste

References

Further reading

Sustainable agriculture
Waste
Food waste
Coal analyzer. Coal analyzers are bulk material analyzers used by coal producers, coal preparation plants, and coal-fired power plants to determine coal quality in real time.

Coal quality parameters of greatest interest include ash, moisture, sulfur, and energy density (also known as heat content). Although most coal operations can obtain this information about coal quality by taking physical samples, preparing the samples, and analyzing them with laboratory equipment, these processes often involve a time lag of up to 24 hours from gathering the sample to final analysis results. In contrast, coal analyzers provide analysis information each minute on material being transported by conveyor either at the mine or the power plant. This timely coal quality information in turn allows the operator to improve his process by taking timely process control actions, such as sorting, blending, coal homogenization, or prep plant control.

There are several different types of coal analyzers. Some of the more sophisticated analyzers use prompt gamma neutron activation analysis (PGNAA) or pulsed fast thermal neutron activation (PFTNA) to determine the elemental content of the coal. Another emerging technology for elemental analysis is laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). PGNAA and LIBS enable analysis of sulfur and ash (the latter, by summing the ash constituents). When combined with a second type of analyzer, the moisture meter, they provide moisture and energy value as well. Moisture meters are often found in conjunction with the elemental analyzers, but sometimes are used alone, or in conjunction with ash gauges. Most moisture meters use microwave technology. The emerging technology of magnetic resonance (MR) offers a more direct measurement. Most ash gauges employ gamma attenuation principles.

Coal analyzers were first introduced in the early 1980s with the US and Australia leading the way. The demand for coal analyzers has been highest in the US, due to the need to control sulfur as mandated by the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977. By 2005, more than 600 coal analyzers were in use throughout the world. Most of these analyzers are mounted around an existing conveyor belt, although a significant minority analyze sample streams taken from the main process stream.

References

Davis, Vaughn, "Titan CCA - A New Type of Coal Analyzer", presented to D5 Committee of ASTM, Anaheim, California, May 17, 2011.
Snider, Kurt, "Using An On-Line Elemental Coal Analyzer to Reduce Lost Generation Due to Slagging", International On-Line Coal Analyzer Technical Conference, St. Louis, November 8–10, 2004.
Evans, Michael, "Cost Justification for a Coal Analyzer Installation", International On-Line Coal Analyzer Technical Conference, St. Louis, November 8–10, 2004.
Woodward, Richard, Eric Empey, Michael Evans, "A Major Step Forward for On-Line Coal Analysis", Coal Prep 2003 Conference, Lexington, Kentucky, April 30, 2003.

Coal-fired power stations
Neville Temperley. Professor Harold Neville Vazeille Temperley (4 March 1915 – 27 March 2017), better known as Neville Temperley, was an applied mathematician who made numerous contributions to the fields of statistical mechanics, graph theory and the physics of liquids and gases.  He was awarded the title Doctor of Science as a fellow of King's College Cambridge, before working for the Admiralty on numerical modelling of underwater explosions during World War 2.  He continued his work on the physical properties of liquids at the Atomic Weapons Research Establishment at Aldermaston until 1965.

Professor Neville Temperley was head of the Applied Mathematics Department at Swansea University for 17 years until his retirement in 1982. He received the Rumford Medal from the Royal Society in 1992.

His father, Harold William Vazeille Temperley, was a distinguished British historian. He was the father of Virginia (Wagstaff) Julian, creator of Somerset Cider Brandy, Humphrey of Vignobles Temperley a fine wine producer and former chairman of Somerset County Council and grandfather of: Alice Temperley, fashion designer of London, William Temperley, Mary Temperley, Matilda Temperley, Will Wagstaff, Edward Temperley editor of magicseaweed.com, Kate Temperley, Jane Wagstaff and Henry Temperley. He had nine great grandchildren.

In 2015, Temperley celebrated his 100th birthday.  He died on 27 March 2017 at the age of 102.

Selected publications

See also
Temperley–Lieb algebra
FKT algorithm

References

External links
Recent winners of the Rumford medal at the Royal Society's web site.

1915 births
2017 deaths
20th-century British mathematicians
21st-century British mathematicians
British men centenarians
British physicists
Mathematical physicists
Manufacturing Engineering Centre. The Manufacturing Engineering Centre (MEC) is an international R&D Centre of Excellence for Advanced Manufacturing and Information Technology.  The MEC was founded in 1996 under the directorship of Professor Duc Truong Pham. The Centre forms part of Cardiff University, which dates back to 1883 and is one of Britain's major civic universities.

The MEC's purpose is to conduct research and development in all major areas of Advanced Manufacturing and use the output to promote the introduction of new manufacturing technology and practice to industry. It was the first autonomous research centre created by Cardiff University.

Research
The MEC conducts basic, strategic and applied research as well as technology transfer with partners from 22 countries in Europe, Asia and the Americas.  The research spans a broad spectrum of subjects, including robotics and microsystems, sensor systems, high-speed automation and intelligent control, rapid manufacturing, micromanufacturing, nanotechnology, quality engineering, multimedia, virtual reality and enterprise information management.

Since 1996, the Centre has received over £50 million in grants and contracts and has attracted hundreds of industrial partners.  In 2004, the MEC won two EC 6th Framework Networks of Excellence contracts totalling 15M Euros in value.  The two Networks of Excellence led by the MEC, I*PROMS and 4M, involve some 50 centres of excellence in the field of Advanced Manufacturing across the EU. 
  
As a Centre of Excellence for Technology and Industrial Collaboration (CETIC) sponsored by the Welsh Assembly Government (WAG) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), the MEC has contributed significantly to the Welsh economy, having completed thousands of projects with local companies and helped to generate and safeguard jobs in the region.

Awards
Under Professor Pham's leadership, the MEC was awarded the DTI University/Industry First Prize by the Secretary of State for Trade and Industry for its success in  building research partnerships with industry (March 1999), and the Queen's Anniversary Prize for Higher and Further Education in recognition of its contribution made to the economy (February 2001).

References

Cardiff University
Engineering universities and colleges in the United Kingdom
Industrial engineering
Nanotechnology institutions
At-grade. At-grade may refer to:
At-grade intersection, a crossing between roads on the same level
 Road junction
Level crossing, where a road or path crosses a railway on the same level
 Diamond crossing, where two railway tracks cross
 At-grade railway, at level with the general surface

See also

Level Cross (disambiguation)
Grade separation, the opposite of at-grade
Junction (rail), where rail routes meet or cross on the same level
Street running, where the train, tram or rapid transit run within the street
Scout plane. A scout is a type of United States Navy aircraft whose name derives from the scout cruisers used by the US Navy for similar roles, including screening (escorting) the fleet against enemy forces and was often combined with other roles, such as artillery spotting, reconnaissance and bombing to which the role is often conflated.

Scouts first made their appearances during World War I. The United Kingdom's Royal Naval Air Service, keen on developing the new medium of aerial warfare, converted a number of vessels as seaplane tenders for scouting purposes. Similarly, battleships began to mount short flight decks on top of gun turrets, enabling small single seat aircraft to take-off from them. Initially these single-seater "scouts", having no floats to land on and having no landing deck to return to, either had to find dry land for landing, or else had to ditch onto the sea. During World War I, other more satisfactory (although still clumsy) solutions had been found, in which turret platforms, and later (when aircraft got heavier) catapults were mounted on battleships, cruisers and seaplane tenders, used to launch scout planes. These aircraft never carried radios and rarely had cameras but could carry bombs, or could be armed to intercept enemy aircraft.

Meanwhile, the aircraft carriers were also introduced, and these initially carried similar scouts, but eventually distinguished this function from other roles, such as "scout bombers", such as the Douglas SBD Dauntless and "scout observation" such as the Curtiss SOC Seagull, and the term lost meaning, becoming a generic term for a US Navy aircraft - hence the tern "scout trainer", as with the North American SNJ, Beechcraft SNB and Vultee SNV series of aircraft which had no offensive or defence fleet roles, and neither the SNB nor the SNJ operated from ships, while only specialized versions of the SNJ did, and mainly on the Great Lakes, for training.

During World War II, observation-scouts were essential for battleships and other surface warships during bombardment of land targets.  An observation-scout, such as a Vought OS2U Kingfisher, would spot the fall of ship's shots, and provide corrections, while scout trainers provided flying training.

Due to the improved technology used by today's naval vessels, and the use of ship-launched UAVs for the same sorts of "spotting" missions in the 21st century, scouts are no longer needed for long range exchanges.

References

See also

Reconnaissance aircraft
Iran Compress Industrial Group. Iran Compress  (ﺍﻳـﺮﺍﻥ ﻛﻤﭙـﺮﺱ) (or Iran Compress Co. (S.K.A.R) ) is a manufacturer of industrial heavy equipment in Iran, partnering with companies, such as Iran Khodro Industrial Group and Saipa Group, two industrial manufacturers in Middle-East. Compressi means "truck tipper" in Persian. The company manufactures truck tippers and other industrial machinery components.

History

Iran Compress was founded in 1962 to manufacture different types of dumper and relevant equipment.

Operations

In 2005, Iran Compress Industrial Group started a major restructuring. This restructuring process resulted in establishment of the following two divisions within Iran Compress Industrial Group:

An import/export division which mainly focuses on importing and distributing steel.

Production and manufacturing of industrial heavy equipments.

Products

Dump Trucks
Heavy Tipper Equipment; Loading capacity: 16m³, Unloading capacity: up to 35MT, Can be installed on chassis of 6x4 trucks. 
Tipper Equipment with Horizontal Walls; For 8 x 4 trucks Loading capacity: 19 - 22m³, Unloading capacity: up to 45MT. 
Classic Tipper Equipment; For 4x2 trucks, Loading capacity: 10m³, Unloading capacity: up to 25MT
Light Tipper Equipment; For 4x2 trucks, Loading capacity: 3-5m³, Unloading capacity: up to 10MT
Dump Truck Equipment; For 4x6 trucks, Loading capacity: 13-15m³, Unloading capacity: up to 35MT
HARDOX tipper equipment; Tipper equipment, made of HARDOX 450, with hydraulic back door, in assistance with Foulad Sab Karan, Iran and WEBER, Germany.
3-Way tipper equipment ; Ability to unload the cargo from 3 ways and changing to a small flat truck.

Hook Loader Equipment
Sliding and Articulated Hookloader; For 4x2 trucks, Capacity: Up to 8MT, Length of mounting platform: 3500mm, Loading angle: 27˚, Unloading angle: 48˚, Capacity: 5MT, Hydraulic pressure: up to 250 bar.

Garbage Transportation Equipment
Mini Pack Garbage Carrier;
Large Garbage Transportation Equipment;

Sliding Recovery Equipment

Hydraulic Towing System

Truck-Mounted Cranes

See also
List of Major Iranian Companies
Iran Khodro Diesel
Saipa Group

Truck manufacturers of Iran
Manufacturing companies based in Tehran
Wally Wallington. Wally Wallington is a retired construction worker from Lapeer County, Michigan, who has demonstrated methods for a single person to achieve the construction and manipulation of massive monoliths.

Work
He has constructed a concrete Stonehenge-like structure using only materials and techniques that do not rely on any modern machine-powered technology. He has demonstrated this technique on the Canadian science television program Daily Planet and also for the Discovery Channel.

Technique
His technique uses simple machines such as levers aided by counterweights and pivots. He says that he has successfully singlehandedly "walked" a twenty-ton barn and multi-thousand-pound concrete blocks using a beam lever and two pivots beneath the object and near the center of mass. These techniques might be comparable to those used by Edward Leedskalnin when he had single-handedly constructed his massive Coral Castle in Florida.

References

External links
Official website 

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
People from Flint, Michigan
Replicas and derivatives of Stonehenge
Experimental archaeology
Place of birth missing (living people)
People from Lapeer County, Michigan
CableLabs. Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. (CableLabs) is a nonprofit corporation promoting innovation as a research and development lab founded in 1988 by American cable operators. System operators from around the world are eligible to be members.

The DOCSIS standard for cable Internet access was originally developed by CableLabs and contributing companies, including Arris, BigBand Networks, Broadcom, Cisco, Comcast, Conexant, Correlant, Cox, Harmonic, Intel, Motorola, Netgear, Terayon, Time Warner Cable, and Texas Instruments.

In 2013, CableLabs absorbed its European equivalent, Cable Europe Labs.

See also 
 
 
Society of Cable Telecommunications Engineers

References

External links 
 
 CableLabs Specifications Database

Organizations established in 1988
1988 establishments in Colorado
Organizations based in Denver
Boulder County, Colorado
Cable television in the United States
Intelligent Community Forum
Non-profit organizations based in the United States
AN/ART-13. The AN/ART-13 was a radio transmitter manufactured by Collins Radio that found widespread use during and after World War II in military aircraft.

History

In 1940 the Collins Radio Company designed a new radio transmitter for the US Navy. The transmitter, Navy designation ATC, was later re-designated under the Joint Army-Navy (JAN) system as T-47/ART-13.  The Army Air Force adopted a slightly improved version as the T-47A/ART-13, most made by Stewart-Warner.  The USAAF matched the AN/ART-13A with the BC-348 receiver, whose -R and -Q models were known under the JAN system as the AN/ARR-11.  The resulting communications system was known as the AN/ARC-8 and was the liaison radio set on many larger USAAF aircraft beginning late in World War II.  Some were still in service in the early 1970s.  

The earlier AN/ART-13 was widely used in post-World War II Navy aircraft, being paired up post-World War II with the Navy's AN/ARR-15 auto-tune receiver.  The resulting communications system was known as the AN/ARC-25.  Its replacement began with the Collins AN/ARC-38 AM transceiver in the early 1950s, which in turn was upgraded to the AN/ARC-38A USB transceiver in the late 1950s.  The Russians made nearly exact copies of the AN/ART-13 transmitter (called RSB-70 and R-807) for use on their military aircraft. It is thought that they obtained AN/ART-13 units from battle damaged B-29 bombers that landed in Russia during World War II. It was well known that the Russians copied the B-29 bomber calling their version the Tu-4.

Enola Gay, the B-29 Superfortress bomber that dropped "Little Boy", the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan was equipped with the AN/ARC-8 combination. The AN/ART-13 is used today by ham radio operators interested in restoring and operating historic military gear. It is often paired with a BC-348 military receiver of World War II vintage or the later AN/ARR-15 autotuned receiver of postwar vintage.

Performance
The AN/ART-13 operated in CW (code), MCW and AM (voice) modes and covered LF, MF and HF frequencies up to 18.1 MHz. It had ten autotuned VFO tuned channels that could be preset. Post-war modifications by COMCO and other companies added crystal frequency control capability and were approved for use on civil airliners. Power output was approximately 100 watts using an 813 vacuum tube as the final amplifier. Under favorable atmospheric conditions communications could be established between aircraft and ground stations separated by thousands of miles.

See also

List of military electronics of the United States
ARC-5
BC-348
BC-654
Collins Radio
R-390A
Wireless Set No. 19
Vintage amateur radio
Signal Corps Radio

References

Amateur radio transmitters
Military radio systems of the United States
World War II American electronics
Equipment of the United States Air Force
Military electronics of the United States
Military equipment introduced from 1940 to 1944
Aircraft stations
Telecommunications equipment of the Cold War
Nipple wrench (plumbing). In plumbing, a nipple wrench is often known as an inside pipe wrench.

An eccentric toothed gear is mounted on a hexagonal shaft. The wrench is introduced inside the pipe (especially a close nipple, which has threading its entire length, and therefore no surface for an outside wrench). As the wrench is turned, the eccentric gear is forced to grip the inside of the pipe. As with a regular pipe wrench, the mechanism is such that the grip on the pipe increases with the torque applied on the wrench.

It is a relatively obscure but often useful tool.

References 

Wrenches