omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
List of colleges affiliated to the Cochin University of Science and Technology. Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT) is a government owned autonomous university in Kochi (Cochin), Kerala, India. CUSAT is academically structured into 9 faculties: engineering, environmental studies, humanities, law, marine sciences, medical sciences and technology, science, social sciences and technology. It has 27 departments offering graduate and post graduate programmes as well as research in different disciplines like engineering, science, technology, humanities, law and management. Various centres for specialised areas is established by the university aiming multi-disciplinary interaction. Apart from these there are many government and non-government institutions affiliated with CUSAT.

Recognised Institutions

Research Centres

See also
Cochin University of Science and Technology

References

External links 
 KEAM 2012 prospectus
 Engineering Colleges under IHRD
 Engineering Colleges in Kerala
 Engineering Colleges under CAPE
 Recognised Institutions under CUSAT
 Research Centres affiliated to CUSAT

Lists of universities and colleges in Kerala
Universities and colleges in Kochi
Lists of colleges affiliated to universities in India
Kochi-related lists
Affiliates
Restrictive flow orifice. A restrictive flow orifice (RFO) is a type of orifice plate.  They are used to limit the potential danger, damage, or wastage of an uncontrolled flow from, for example, a compressed gas cylinder They are generally not limiting the flow during normal operation but if a fault or failure occurs causing uncontrolled flow the orifice will present a restriction, limiting the flow. It may be used to limit the accidental release of a hazardous gas (flammable, toxic, etc.) resulting from regulator or other component failure, restricting flow in a system in order to assure adequate pressure relief valve sizing and system over pressure protection, or restricting flow from bulk sources such as a water main.

Predicting Flow
Correlations assist in predicting the flow of a particular gas or gas mixture through a RFO. This is done by first determining the
flow through the same RFO at the required pressure with a reference gas and then adjusting the specific gravity accordingly.

The pertinent equation for the reference gas of nitrogen (N2) is presented below.

Other applications

River flood control
In the natural environment, large orifice plates are used to control onward flow in flood relief dams. In these structures a low dam is placed across a river and in normal operation the water flows through the orifice plate unimpeded as the orifice is substantially larger than the normal flow cross section. However, in floods, the flow rate rises and floods out the orifice plate which can then only pass a flow determined by the physical dimensions of the orifice. Flow is then held back behind the low dam in a temporary reservoir which is slowly discharged through the orifice when the flood subsides.

Notes

Control devices
Gas technologies
Aerostat (disambiguation). An aerostat is an aircraft that remains aloft through the use of lighter-than-air gases. A narrower and more technical meaning refers only to tethered balloons.

Aerostat may also refer to:

Airships
Airships are powered aerostats:
 Airship, or dirigible, any aerostat that can be manoeuvred through the air using propellers, rudders, etc.
 Blimp, an airship with no structural framework, using only gas pressure to maintain its shape
 Rigid airship, uses only a structural framework to maintain its shape
 Semi-rigid airship, uses a partial structural framework in combination with gas pressure to maintain its shape

Balloons
Balloons are unpowered aerostats:
 Balloon (aircraft)
 Gas balloon
 Hot air balloon
 Vacuum balloon

Tethered
The term aerostat is sometimes used to refer specifically to tethered balloons:
 Barrage balloon
 Observation balloon

Untethered
 Espionage balloon
 Fire balloon

Hybrids
Hybrids combine aerostatic buoyancy and aerodynamic lift.

Powered
 Hybrid airship

Unpowered
 Kytoon

Other uses
 Tethered Aerostat Radar System
 Akashdeep Aerostat
 RT Aerostats Systems

See also
 
 
 Aerostatics
 Balloon
 Sky lantern
Søren Hjorth. Søren Hjorth (13 October 1801, in Vesterbygaard at Kalundborg in the west of Zealand (Denmark) – 28 August 1870, in Copenhagen) was a Danish railway pioneer and inventor. Before Werner von Siemens, he discovered the dynamo-electric principle in 1854 and received the first patent for a self-excited dynamo.

Sources 
 Søren Hjorth, inventor of the dynamo-electric principle; by Sigurd Smith. Pub. by "Elektroteknisk forening" at the expense of the Carlsberg foundation. (1912)

19th-century Danish engineers
19th-century Danish inventors
1801 births
1870 deaths
Slovenské energetické strojárne. Slovenské energetické strojárne a.s. (SES Tlmače) () is a Slovak joint-stock company primarily engaged in the design, manufacture and assembly of power engineering equipment.  It is headquartered in the Slovak city Tlmače. As of 2012 the company is in the process of merging into the EP Industries holding owned by the Slovak investment company J&T and Czech billionaire Daniel Křetínský.

Description 
The Company provides boilers for combustion of coal, oil, gas and biomass and determined for thermal power plants or combined heating and power plants as well as incinerating plants. In addition to equipment for power engineering, the slovenske energeticke strojarne, gas, metallurgy and consumer goods industry. It also provides services in power engineering: development, designing, manufacture, assembly and commissioning. Its products are divided in five segments: power plants; boilers; condensers, heat exchangers and pipelines; steel constructions and other equipment.

It is operational through a number of subsidiaries, including SES Hungaria Kft., based in Hungary, SES Bohemia sro, based in the Czech Republic, and SES Chile, based in Chile, among others.

History 
The company was founded in the 1950s in Czechoslovakia. It was transformed into a joint-stock company in 1992. Since August 2006, the majority shareholder of SES Tlmače is a Cypriot company Segfield Investment, part of the J&T Group, one of two biggest investment companies in Slovakia. In May 2012, the company announced its plan to lay off 300 employees.

See also 
 List of companies of Slovakia
 Economy of Slovakia

References

External links 
 Company website (EN, SK)

Manufacturing companies of Czechoslovakia
Manufacturing companies of Slovakia
TSOM. Through-Focus Scanning Optical Microscopy (TSOM) is an imaging method that produces nanometer-scale three-dimensional measurement sensitivity using a conventional bright-field optical microscope. TSOM has been introduced and maintained by Ravikiran Attota at NIST. It was given an  R&D 100 Award in 2010. In the TSOM method a target is scanned through the focus of an optical microscope, acquiring conventional optical images at different focal positions. The TSOM images are constructed using the through-focus optical images. A TSOM image is unique under given experimental conditions and is sensitive to changes in the dimensions of a target in a distinct way, which is very well applicable in nanoscale dimensional metrology. The TSOM method is alleged to have several nanometrology applications ranging from nanoparticles to through-silicon-vias (TSV).

The National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, produced a short  on the TSOM method.

See also 
 Focus stacking

References

Microscopy
Sportinė Aviacija LAK-19. 

The LAK-19 is a Lithuanian single-seat Standard-class sailplane manufactured by Sportinė Aviacija.

Design and development
The LAK-19 is a single-seat standard-class sailplane manufactured in Lithuania by Sportinė Aviacija. It is designed to meet the requirements of the utility category of JAR-22.
It is a mid-wing glider with a T-tail and retractable main landing gear. Interchangeable outer wing panels are provided to enable it to fly with a span of either 15 or 18 metres.

The sailplane  is of composite construction using materials such as kevlar, carbon and glass fibre. The wing spar is of carbon fibre. The weight of each wing panel is about 55 kg. Schempp-Hirth airbrakes are mounted on the upper surfaces. It is capable of carrying 180 litres (47 gallons) of water ballast.
All controls, including the water ballast system, hook up automatically. The one-piece canopy hinges forward.

The LAK-19 was based on the design of the earlier LAK-17, but is not fitted with flaps. It was first flown on 30 July 2001, and was certified on 31 May 2002 by the Lithuanian Civil Aviation Authority.

Variants
LAK-19
Production 15- or 18-metre wingspan sailplane. Both variants can also be fitted with or without winglets.
LAK-19T
Powered self-sustaining sailplane variant of the LAK-19 with a Solo 2350B two-cylinder air-cooled two-stroke retractable engine.

Specifications (LAK-19 with 15 metre wingspan)

See also

References

External links
 Sportinė Aviacija
 EASA Type Certificate data sheet

Glider aircraft
LAK aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 2001
Sense and respond. Sense and respond has been used in control theory for several decades, primarily in closed systems such as refineries where comparisons are made between measurements and desired values, and system settings are adjusted to narrow the gap between the two. Since  the early 1980s, sense and respond has also been used to describe the behavior of certain open systems. 

Sense and respond is based on lean principles and follows URSLIMM:
U - understand customer value
R - remove waste
S - standardize
L - learn by doing
I - involve everyone
M - measure what matters
M - manage performance visually

The term "sense and respond" as a business concept was used in a 1992 American Management Association Management Review article by Stephan H. Haeckel.  It was developed by Haeckel at IBM’s Advanced Business Institute.

Publications

 2010 “The Post-Industrial Manager,” Marketing Management Magazine, Fall, 2010, pp 24–32.
 2003 “Leading On Demand Businesses – Executives as Architects,” IBM Systems Journal, Vol 42, No 3, 2003, pp 405–413
 2003 “Making Meaning Out of Apparent Noise,” in Long Range Planning, April, 2004, Special Issue of articles from May 4, 2003 Wharton Conference “Peripheral Vision: Sensing and Acting on Weak Signals,” Vol 37/2 pp 181–189
 2000 “Managing Knowledge in Adaptive Enterprises,” Chapter in Knowledge Horizons: The Present and the Promise of Knowledge Management, edited by C. Despres and D. Chauvel, Butterworth-Heinemann
 1999 Adaptive Enterprise: Creating and Leading Sense-and-Respond Organizations, Harvard Business School Press
 1993 “Managing By Wire,” Harvard Business Review: Vol. 71, No. 5, September–October (with R.L. Nolan)
 1992 “From ‘Make and Sell’ to ‘Sense and Respond,’” Management Review, American Management  Association, October

Control theory
Management
Organization design
List of canceled launch vehicle designs. Even before the launch of Sputnik 1, there were various types of launch vehicle designs. The launch vehicle designs described below are either canceled or never left the drawing board.

20th century

21st century

See also

Comparison of orbital launch systems
Non-rocket spacelaunch
List of orbital launch systems
List of private spaceflight companies#Crew and cargo transport vehicles
Spaceplane
List of crewed lunar lander designs

Further reading
 SP-4221 The Space Shuttle Decision Chapter 8 (NASA)

T.A. Heppenheimer  - SP-4221 The Space Shuttle Decision (NASA, 1998)

External links
INTRODUCTION TO FUTURE LAUNCH VEHICLE PLANS [1963-2001] by Marcus Lindroos (Updated 6/15/2001)
Space Future - Vehicle Designs
Category:Proposed or planned spacecraft (Wikimedia Commons)
10 Space Shuttles which never flew (Lockheed Starclipper, Chrysler SERV, Phase B Shuttles, Rockwell C-1057, Shuttle C, Air Launched Sortie Vehicle (ALSV), Hermes, Buran, Shuttle II, Lockheed Martin VentureStar)

Canceled launch vehicle designs
Böttcher America. Böttcher America Corporation, a subsidiary of the German firm Felix Böttcher GmbH & Co., manufactures and sells materials for the printing industry in North America since 1982. Böttcher America is headquartered in Belcamp, Maryland United States and employs over 200 employees.

History
Böttcher America was established in 1982, when the German firm Felix Böttcher GmbH & Co. purchased Harrigan Rollers located in Baltimore, Maryland. Harrigan Rollers was a company dealing in rollers, printing blankets and maintenance products but without a plant of its own. Five years later, a Böttcher America production plant was built at a new site in Belcamp, Maryland. The company also set-up numerous sales offices throughout the continental United States. Building extensions were made to the Belcamp location in 1994 and 1996. Two more production plants were opened in Indianapolis and Tipton, Indiana in 1997. In 2003, the company opened another manufacturing facility in Yuma, Arizona. Since 2000, Böttcher America continues to expand its facilities with chemical manufacturing and blanket conversions. Böttcher America is also in charge of Böttcher Canada and Böttcher Mexico.

Products
Böttcher America today manufactures and sells materials for the printing industry: printing rollers, printing blankets, and printing chemicals such as press washes, fountain solutions, and printing aids. These products can be used for a variety of markets (offset printing, rotogravure, flexography and digital printing).
Böttcher America can supply rollers to customers as either "exchange" or "recover". The "Roller Recover Program" allows customers to send Böttcher America used rollers to be recovered with new rubber. A customer can also order rollers through the "Exchange Roller Program" and a press-ready roller will be shipped. The customer is billed for the rubber only and has 60 days to return the core(s).

Böttcher is the OEM roller supplier to the major sheet-fed press manufacturers including Heidelberg, MAN Roland, KBA, Komori and Mitsubishi.

Böttcher America has won two awards for its products. In 1993, the company won a GATF award in recognition of the glaze free rollers technology (79 Series Rubber Compounds). In 2005, Böttcher America won a new PIA/GATF award for its Chameleon rubber roller compound which enables printers to switch freely among different inks (conventional, UV or hybrid) without changing printing rollers.

Locations
Böttcher America has five manufacturing locations in the United States. One of the plants is located in Belcamp, Maryland (North American headquarters) and the four other locations are found in Indianapolis, Indiana, Tipton, Indiana, Yuma, Arizona, and Dexter, Michigan. Facilities located in Maryland and Indiana manufacture rollers and also convert blanket material. Böttcher America also has a chemical mixing facility in Dexter, Michigan.

Literature
 Klara van Eyll, Böttcher 1725–2000, The history of a family enterprise, Cologne 2000

References

External links
 

Manufacturing companies based in Maryland
American subsidiaries of foreign companies
TeST TST-7 Junior. The TeST TST-7 Junior is a Czech shoulder-wing, single-seat motor glider that was designed and produced by TeST of Brno. When it was available the aircraft was supplied as plans, in kit form for amateur construction or as a complete ready-to-fly aircraft. Production is now complete and the aircraft is no longer available new.

Design and development
The TST-7 Junior was a development of the TST-1 Alpine self-launching sailplane, with a design goal of producing an aircraft more suited for use as a touring motor glider with docile handling.

The TST-7 is built from wood, with some fibreglass parts. The  span, shoulder-mounted, slightly forward-swept wing employs a Wortmann FX 61-184 airfoil and has top-surface air brakes. The landing gear is of tricycle configuration, making ground handling the aircraft much easier than the monowheel gear used on the TST-1. The standard engine was initially the custom-built M 125 of  and later the Rotax 447 of . The aircraft can accept engines of . The cabin width is .

The aircraft was supplied as a standard kit rated at 400 hours for completion and that did not include the powerplant. An Express-Build kit was also available that could be completed in 250 hours. The factory also built some TST-7s as ready-to-fly models that were US$16,250 in 1998 with the M 125 engine and US$17,540 in 2000 with the Rotax powerplant. The plans cost US$350 in 2000.

Specifications (TST-7 Junior)

See also

References

External links
Photo of TeST TST-7 Junior

TST-7
1990s Czech and Czechoslovak sailplanes
Homebuilt aircraft
Shoulder-wing aircraft
Fluffer (London Underground). On the London Underground, fluffers or track cleaning teams are people employed to clean the tracks in the tunnels.
The passage of the trains through the tunnels draws in dust and rubbish, and removing this debris is essential to maintain the safety of the Underground, as it would otherwise create a fire hazard.

The work is done at night during Engineering Hours, when the trains have finished running, and the electricity is switched off. Cleaning the tunnels is a heavy and dirty job, which has traditionally been a role carried out by teams of women.  In 1947, a newsreel made by British Pathé captured the fluffers on film carrying carbide lamps, long brushes and scraping tools. The rubbish was removed in dustbins, loaded onto a trolley that was drawn along the rails.

In 1989, documentary filmmaker Molly Dineen chronicled the work of a team of fluffers at Angel station in Islington for the BBC2 documentary The Heart of the Angel. By the mid 1990s, the fluffers were using electric torches and protective clothing, and collected the dust in plastic bags. Fluffer teams still tended to be mainly made up of women.

By 2023 the teams were using vacuum cleaners and magnetic wands, and "tube dust" (particles of iron oxide, chromium, quartz and copper produced by the wheels and tracks) was becoming a health concern for train drivers.

References 

London Underground
Cleaning and maintenance occupations
Prototype 180. prototype 180 is an artwork by conceptual artist Mary Ellen Carroll who lives and works in New York City.

prototype 180 is located at 6513 Sharpsview Drive, Houston. Houston, Texas was chosen as the site of the artwork because it lacks an official land-use policy. There is no zoning law in Houston.

Phase III for prototype 180 will commence in 2024 and when prototype 180's structure will be rebuilt and the land will be rewilded. Material scientists on reconstituting the construction debris that was saved from the unbuilding of prototype 180. It will be utilized for the reconstruction of the design of the original house elevated above the floodplain. 

Research conducted with botanists and landscape architects are underway on the materials and plans for the rewilding and the xeriscaping of the land at prototype 180 for the micro park as a public entrance to Bayland Park. The soil testing is underway. The prototype of a Kevlar hydroponic curtain / fence that will surround the site at prototype 180 is in its design phase. A workforce development component that will utilize the new materials and processes in underserved areas in Houston near prototype 180 is in formation. 

prototype 180 as a work of art "make[s] architecture performative." It is literally a ground-shifting exercise, because it structurally involved the 180 degree revolution, from front to back of a single-family home and its surrounding plot ofland in the development of Sharpstown, a post-war development in Houston, Texas.

References

External links
 
This Is Not About a Building: Mary Ellen Carroll’s prototype 180 by Gavin Kroeber  Afterall: A Journal of Art, Context and Enquiry Issue 34 (Autumn/Winter 2013), pp. 76-89 (14 pages) Published By: The University of Chicago Press
prototype 180 by Mary Ellen Carroll by José Esparza in DOMUS published on 08 March 2011

Conceptual art
Public art in the United States
Vanadis 4 Extra. Vanadis 4 Extra is a  chromium-molybdenum-vanadium alloyed tool steel produced by Uddeholms AB. It is intended for powder metallurgy cold forming operations on materials such as annealed austenitic stainless steel, mild carbon steel, copper and aluminium.

Chemical composition

Properties
Vanadis 4 Extra is characterized by high to very high:
ductility
abrasive-adhesive wear resistance
compressive strength
dimensional stability during heat treatment and in service
through-hardening properties
temper back resistance
machinability and grindability

Application areas
This tool steel is especially suitable for applications where adhesive wear and/or chipping are the dominating failure mechanisms, i.e.;

with soft/adherent materials such as austenitic stainless steel, mild steel, copper, aluminium, etc. as work material
with thicker work material
high strength work materials

Vanadis 4 Extra is however also very suitable for blanking and forming of Ultra High Strength Steel Sheet, these materials place high demands on the tool steel regarding abrasive wear resistance and ductility.

Examples:
Blanking and forming
Fine blanking
Cold extrusion tooling
Powder pressing
Deep drawing
Knives
Substrate steel for surface coating

References

Steels
Stazione Sperimentale per i Combustibili. The Stazione Sperimentale per i Combustibili (SSC) (Fuel Experimental Station) is a special Agency of the Chamber of Commerce in Milan.
It is an Institute for applied research, established in Milan in 1940 replacing the Politecnico di Milano Fuel Section, and operating on a national scale with the specific aim of promoting the technical and technological progress in the fossil fuels and derived products industry. In 1999 SSC was transformed into a public economic institution with important legal, operational and administrative modifications which, however, have left its mission and functions unchanged.

See also
Stazione Sperimentale per le Industrie degli Oli e dei Grassi
Stazione Sperimentale per la Seta
Stazione Sperimentale Carta, Cartoni e Paste per Carta

References

External links
Homepage of the SSC 

Experimental Stations for Industry in Italy
Economy of Milan
Organizations established in 1940
1940 establishments in Italy
Model Railway Constructor. Model Railway Constructor was a monthly British magazine about model railways.

History 
The magazine was first published on 15 March 1934. The founder was Ernest F Carter.  It came into the Ian Allan Publishing fold with the take-over of Railway World Publications around 1960.  John Christie, a regular contributor in the 1970s, wrote a very informative series of articles on 'The Continental Scene' many of them about German railways.  It was just over 50 years old when it closed with the last edition being published in June 1987.

Editors 
Previous Editors include:

 R J Raymond,
 Gordon Flower,
 G.M. Kichenside c.1960–63,
 Alan Williams 1963–66,
 S.W.('Steve') Stevens-Stratten 1966–83,
 Chris Leigh 1983–87

References 

Monthly magazines published in the United Kingdom
Defunct magazines published in the United Kingdom
Magazines established in 1934
Magazines disestablished in 1987
Rail transport modelling publications