omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Plasmatronics. Plasmatronics is a company, founded by former Air Force Weapons Laboratory (now Phillips Laboratory) scientist Dr. Alan E. Hill, which produced a plasma speaker design.  This was first demonstrated at the 1978 Winter Consumer Electronics Show.

The product used a conventional dynamic loudspeaker with an integrated amplifier for low frequencies.  For a tweeter it used a plasma speaker as a near-massless driver.  Uniquely, to prevent ozone and NOx emissions it sourced helium from a tank in the back  of the unit.

While praised for accurate sound reproduction at demonstrations, the system had a number of disadvantages, including high cost and periodic handling of heavy compressed helium cylinders.

External links
website dedicated to the plasmatronics loudspeaker
The Art of Speaker Design

Loudspeaker manufacturers
Audio equipment manufacturers of the United States
Wolfgang Nebel. Wolfgang Nebel (born 15 November 1956) is a German computer scientist and professor for integrated circuit design at the computer science (Informatik) department of the Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg.

Biography
Nebel holds a Dipl.-Ing. degree in Electrical Engineering from the Leibniz University Hannover and a Dr.-Ing. degree from the Computer Science Department of the University of Kaiserslautern, where he has worked for Reiner Hartenstein. In 1987 Nebel joined Philips Semiconductors, Hamburg, and worked as software engineer, CAD project manager and finally became CAD software development manager. In 1993 he was appointed to the professorship VLSI design at the department of computer science at the Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg. From 1996 to 1998 he served as dean of his department. Additionally since 1998 Nebel has been a member of the executive board of the OFFIS research center, an institute for information technology which is associated with Oldenburg University. From January 2001 December 2002 Nebel served as vice-president of Oldenburg University. Since June 2005 he has been chairman of the OFFIS – Institute for Information Technology. Nebel is co-founder, chairman and CTA of ChipVision Design Systems AG, an EDA start-up company located in Oldenburg, San Ramon, San Jose and Munich.

Nebel is and has been involved in several international conferences as program chair or a general chair. He is also active in several additional program committees and professional organizations. His research interest are in methodologies and tools for embedded system design, in particular: object oriented HW/SW specification and synthesis as well as design for low power.

References

1956 births
Living people
German computer scientists
University of Hanover alumni
Technical University of Kaiserslautern alumni
Academic staff of the University of Oldenburg
Snell Limited. Snell Limited, branded as Snell Advanced Media or SAM, was a British company that designed and developed solutions for the media production market including applications for central operations, live production, post production, playout and media management. They were headquartered in Newbury, UK.

SAM delivers agile technology across Live Production, Production, Editing & Finishing, Playout & Delivery, Infrastructure & Image Processing, all running under enterprise-wide Management & Workflow automation.

Snell Limited, owned by bankers LDC, was created from the merger of Snell & Wilcox and Pro-Bel in 2009. In March 2014 Snell was acquired by another company owned by LDC, Quantel Ltd. After LDC's replacement of Snell CEO Simon Derry with Quantel CEO Ray Cross, the process of merging the companies began. LDC had previously in 2006 appointed Cross to replace Quantel CEO Richard Taylor. However within a year LDC then replaced Cross with new CEO Tim Thorsteinson. The company was rebranded as Snell Advanced Media in September 2015. After the rebrand, SAM continued to carry the Quantel name on its Quantel Rio, formerly Pablo Rio, line of post-production solutions.

History

Snell & Wilcox was founded by engineer Roderick Snell in 1973.

Around the turn of the 21st century, Snell & Wilcox created the SW2 and SW4 "Zone Plate" test cards for use with their TPG20 and TPG21 test pattern generators.

In 2007 Snell and Wilcox Ltd. was awarded the Queens Award for Technological Innovation for the Kahuna Multiformat SD/HD production switcher.

In April 2009 Snell & Wilcox merged with Pro-Bel. The company took the name Snell. In March 2014 it was announced that Snell had been acquired by Quantel.

After the departure of Quantel CEO Ray Cross and Tim Thorsteinson was appointed CEO in February 2015. Thorsteinson held senior roles in the media technology industry; he has twice been the CEO of Grass Valley, President of the Broadcast Communications division of Harris Corp., and President and CEO of Enablence. The company was rebranded as Snell Advanced Media in September 2015.

In June 2017 it was announced that Thorsteinson was stepping down as CEO and being replaced by Eric Cooney On 8 February 2018, it was announced that Belden had acquired SAM and the company was to be absorbed into the Grass Valley umbrella.

References

External links
Official Website

Manufacturing companies established in 1973
Manufacturing companies disestablished in 2018
Electronics companies established in 1973
Electronics companies disestablished in 2018
British companies established in 1973
British companies disestablished in 2018
2009 mergers and acquisitions
2014 mergers and acquisitions
2018 mergers and acquisitions
Companies based in Newbury, Berkshire
Electronics companies of the United Kingdom
Television technology
Video equipment manufacturers
Flight endurance record. The flight endurance record is the longest amount of time an aircraft of a particular category spent in flight without landing. It can be a solo event, or multiple people can take turns piloting the aircraft, as long as all pilots remain in the aircraft. The limit initially was the amount of fuel that could be stored for the flight, but aerial refueling extended that parameter.  Due to safety concerns, the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) no longer recognizes new records for the duration of crewed airplane or glider flights and has never recognized any duration records for helicopters.

Airplane

Non-refueled, crewed

Refueled, crewed

Airline, scheduled
Not an FAI category. See Longest Flights

Airplane, uncrewed
FAI does not differentiate between non-refueled and solar aircraft. Class U : Experimental

Helicopter

Crewed, non-refueled

Uncrewed

Free balloon, crewed

Airship

Glider

Space station, crewed
Duration that a specific person continuously occupies the spacecraft while in orbit.

See Also Timeline of longest spaceflights, List of spaceflight records

Aerospacecraft, orbital, crewed

See also
Flight distance record

Notes

References

Aviation records
Thermobia. Thermobia is a genus of primitive insects belonging to the family Lepismatidae. The genus was first erected as Termophila by Giovanni Battista Grassi in 1887, emended to Thermophila two years later, and renamed to Thermobia by Ernst Evald Bergroth in 1890. By far the best known member of the genus is the firebrat (T. domestica), which is often seen in warm places indoors such as bakeries.

References

Fauna Europaea
Nomina Insecta Nearctica

Lepismatidae
Zygentoma
Insect genera
Insects of Europe
Taxa named by Ernst Evald Bergroth
Arthur Maitland. Arthur Maitland was born on 7 December 1928 in Blackburn, England. He gained his BSc Physics degree in 1956 as a part-time student studying for a London University External Degree. In 1972 St Andrews University, whom he was employed as a researcher and lecturer in 1963, awarded him a DSc degree on the basis of his published papers on ionised gases. At the time he was also working for several electrical engineering companies. He was an influential figure, founding the laser research department at St Andrews University in 1964. He led a group of 14 physicists there working in the areas of lasers and their applications, gas discharge tubes, ionised gases, optical methods of signal processing, and applications of ionised gases to fast switching (see Thyratrons). He became Professor of Physics at St Andrews in 1993.

Professor Maitland was a fellow of the Institute of Physics, and published over 40 research papers on lasers, ionised gases and fast switching, and was co-author of Laser Physics (North Holland), Vacuum as an Insulator (Chapman and Hall) and posthumously contributing a chapter to High Voltage Vacuum Insulation (Academic Press). He also held 40 patents and was a consultant for the gas tubes division of EEV Co., Chelmsford, England and Nobel's Explosives Company Ltd. He died of cancer on 30 June 1994, aged 65.

At St Andrews University he very quickly established a group working on gas lasers. Professor Maitland recognised that the gas-discharge laser had enormous potential for practical use. Through his ground breaking research into the physics of gas-discharge lasers, Professor Maitland invented several methods for generating gas-discharge based lasers.

Professor Arthur Maitland is credited with the invention of apparatus capable of forming a beam of electrons.

Footnotes and references

References
Plasma state devices, University of St Andrews
 United States Patent 4,698,546 Maitland et al. (6 October 1987) "Apparatus for forming electron beams"

English physicists
Laser science
1928 births
1994 deaths
Academics of the University of St Andrews
People from Blackburn
Sierra Print Artist. Sierra Print Artist is a computer program from Sierra Home (part of Sierra Entertainment, which is owned by Vivendi SA). The software allows the user to make cards, calendars, stationery and other assorted crafts and then print them with their printer. The current version is 25.

History 
The program was originally developed by Pixellite Group in the early 90s. The MS-DOS version was written by Christopher Schardt. The original [|Windows]] version was written by Mr. Schardt, and Ferdinand G. Rios and Tracy Elmore of SAPIEN Technologies Vince Mills handled later versions.

The program was first published in 1992 under the name Instant Artist by Autodesk.  After half a year or so, Autodesk decided to abolish its consumer products division. Maxis then published the program under the name Print Artist. In 1995, Sierra On-Line purchased Pixellite Group and the rights to the software and it became known as Sierra Print Artist. It was published under Sierra's "Sierra Home" label and continues to be today despite several purchases and mergers of Sierra On-Line beginning in 1996.
 
The underlying vector-graphics/font-effects technology was developed by Dane Bigham and Christopher Schardt. It was first used in Banner Mania, published by Broderbund, also written by Christopher Schardt. Steve Hales wrote the Mac version of BannerMania. Marty Kahn (the author of the original Print Shop) wrote the Apple II version. The technology also found its way into what would eventually become the WordArt add-in for Microsoft Word.
 
A popular feature of the program was the Graphics Grabber, developed by Vince Mills, which enabled the program to handle a catalog of thousands of vector and bitmap graphics, organized by keywords. Sierra Home also publishes Hallmark Cards-licensed versions of the program as Hallmark Scrapbook Studio Deluxe and Hallmark Holiday Card Studio.

References

External links

1992 software
Desktop publishing software
Sierra Entertainment
Windows graphics-related software
Lib Sh. Sh was an early metaprogramming language for programmable GPUs. It offered a general-purpose programming language, following a stream-processing model. Programs written in Sh could either run on CPUs or GPUs, obviating the need to write programs in a mix of two programming languages as was the case with earlier GPU programming systems such as Cg or HLSL.

As of August 2006, it is no longer maintained. RapidMind Inc. was formed to commercialize the research behind Sh. RapidMind was then bought by Intel and ceased Sh development as well.

See also
BrookGPU
CUDA
Close to Metal
OpenCL
RapidMind

References

External links

GPGPU
GPGPU libraries
Turkish Aeronautical Association. Turkish Aeronautical Association () is a non-profit organization with an aim of increasing public awareness and participation in aviation related activities and the national body governing air sports in Turkey. The association was founded with the name Türk Tayyare Cemiyeti (Turkish Aeroplane League) by the directive of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk on February 16, 1925.

During the 1940s, it operated a factory in Ankara producing aircraft of its own design as well as under licence from British manufacturer Miles. These manufacturing facilities were purchased in 1952 by MKEK, which produced the THK-15 design in quantity under the designation MKEK-4.

THK is a member of Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) since 1929, and has been an active participant in international air sports events and championships, including the organization of the 1st World Air Games hosted by THK in 1997.

The association also participates in aerial firefighting and agricultural chemical spraying operations whilst offering aircraft maintenance to third parties.

Training centers

Türkkuşu Training Center

Türkkuşu Training Center in Ankara also serves as the headquarters of THK. Throughout years, Türkkuşu trained many talented aviators including Sabiha Gökçen the first female Turkish aviator.

The center offers courses on:
 Piloting
 Parachuting
 Gliding
 Flight simulation

İnönü Training Center
Located in İnönü, Eskişehir, the center runs summer courses on the following air sports activities:
 Parachuting
 Gliding
 Ballooning
 Paragliding
 Hang gliding

Selçuk (Ephesus) Training Center
This center in Selçuk, İzmir offers courses in:
 Piloting
 Gliding
 Parachuting
Microlight training

Erzincan Training Center
Located in Erzincan, the center runs summer courses on the following air sports activities:
 Parachuting
 Gliding
 Ballooning
 Paragliding
 Hang gliding

Karain Training Center
Located in Antalya, the center runs summer courses on the following air sports activities:
 Parachuting
 Gliding
 Ballooning
 Paragliding
 Hang gliding

Aircraft 

 THK-1
 THK-2
 THK-3
 THK-4
 THK-5
 THK-7
 THK-9
 THK-10
 THK-11
 THK-12
 THK-13
 THK-14
 THK-15
 THK-16 Mehmetçik
 THK-TAYSU

See also

 List of firefighting equipment of Turkey
 Tayyare Apartments, redeveloped into five-star hotel in Istanbul

Notes

References

External links
 Official website of THK (Turkish, English, and French)
 UÇANTÜRK, bimonthly journal of aeronautics and space published by THK
Hugh Merewether. Hugh Merewether (20 May 1924 in South Africa – 13 September 2006) was a British test pilot who pioneered the vertical and short take-off and landing (V/STOL) techniques that led to the development of the Hawker Siddeley Harrier.

Merewether was also the inventor of the Ampair wind turbine generator which was initially used predominantly by cruising sailors. He also developed the Aquair towed turbine generator in which the same electrical generator was rotated by means of a towed turbine, again used by cruising sailors. These two generators allow long range cruisers to generate electricity for charging their battery banks from the free power of the winds and were manufactured by the 'Ampair' company in the UK.

See also 
 Bill Bedford

External links 
 Obituary – The Daily Telegraph
 Obituary – The Sydney Morning Herald
 Ampair – Ampair

1924 births
2006 deaths
British aviators
British test pilots
South African emigrants to the United Kingdom
Hungarian Technical and Transportation Museum. The Magyar Műszaki és Közlekedési Múzeum (; "Hungarian Technical and Transportation Museum"), still often referred to by its former name, Közlekedési Múzeum ("Transportation Museum"), is a museum in Budapest, Hungary. It is one of Europe's oldest transportation collections.

The museum has a unique collection of locomotives and railway cars on a 1:5 scale. This means that a locomotive of, for example, 10 m length is reproduced with all details in a 2 m length model. The models represent a wide range of railway technology. The museum shows also a locomotive and wagon in real size with a railway station of the 1900s.

Other parts of the museum are shown:

 The history of road traffic: horse-drawn and machine-driven vehicles, road and bridge building with a collection of old cars, motorcycles, and bicycles.
 The history of sailing. Sailing from the prehistoric ages, the history of Hungarian boat manufacturing is shown by models.
 Deeper in the park there is a permanent exhibition about the history of flight and space flight, including original Hungarian and foreign aircraft, including a Junkers F-13, the first all-metal transport aircraft.  It also has the cabin of the first Hungarian astronaut, Bertalan Farkas. The exhibition also demonstrates the development of engines and instruments and modern rocket engineering techniques.

The history of city transportation shows the public traffic in Buda and Pest before the appearance of trams and omnibuses.

The museum also owns the collection of planes in Aeropark, an aviation museum dedicated to the history of Hungarian civil aviation, next to Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport.

Visitor information
 Address: 11 Városligeti körút, XIV Budapest 
Southeastern corner of City Park

The museum is temporarily closed due to reconstruction.  After  rebuilding, a completely new building will be erected for the renewed collection. For further information, please visit http://kozlekedesimuzeum.hu/

References

Sources

 Közlekedési Múzeum homepage

Museums in Budapest
B
Transport museums in Hungary
Ferenc Pfaff buildings
City Park (Budapest)
Institute for Prospective Technological Studies. The Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (IPTS), located in Seville, Spain, is one of the seven institutes of the Joint Research Centre (JRC), a Directorate-General of the European Commission (EC).

Projects 
Its first project was ESTO, the European Science and Technology Observatory, which after some 10 years of work, developed into two new networks:

ERAWATCH Network, a web-based service that presents information on national research policies, actors, organisations, programmes; and
ETEPS Network (European Techno Economic Policy Support Network), a network of European organisations that operates in all 27 EU Member States, covering policy subjects such as agriculture, consumer protection, energy, environment, enterprise, health, information society, innovation, research, and transport.

The institute also co-develops the POLES energy model, with the French research institute LEPII and the consulting firm Enerdata.

Other JRC sites 
 Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM)
 Institute for Transuranium Elements (ITU)
 Institute for the Protection and the Security of the Citizen (IPSC)
 Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES)
 Institute for Health and Consumer Protection (IHCP)
 Institute for Energy (IE)

See also 
 Directorate-General for Research (European Commission)

References

External links 
 

Science and technology in Europe
International research institutes
European Commission
Research institutes in Andalusia
Seville
PCB congener list. This is a complete list of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners.

PCB congener list

Explanation of PCB "descriptors"

Congener descriptors give a shorthand notation for geometry and substituent positions. The twelve congeners that display all four of the descriptors are referred to as being "dioxin-like", referring both to their toxicity and structural features which make them similar to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2378-TCDD). Individual congeners are identified by the number and position of the chlorine atoms around the biphenyl rings.

CP0 / CP1
These 68 coplanar congeners fall into one of two groups. The first group of 20 congeners consists of those with chlorine substitution at none of the ortho positions on the biphenyl backbone and are referred to as CP0 or non-ortho congeners. The second group of 48 congeners includes those with chlorine substitution at only one of the ortho positions and are referred to as CP1 or mono-ortho congeners.

4CL
These 169 congeners have a total of four or more chlorine substituents, regardless of position.

PP
These 54 congeners have both para positions chlorinated.

2M
These 140 congeners have two or more of the meta positions chlorinated.

References

External links
 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: PCB Congeners

Chloroarenes
Biphenyls
Bradshaw model. The Bradshaw Model is an idealised geographical model which suggests how a river's characteristics vary between the upper course and lower course of a river. It indicates how discharge, occupied channel width, channel depth, and average load quantity increase downstream, and other properties such as load particle size, channel bed roughness, and gradient as characteristics that decrease. These features are represented by triangles; an increase in the size of a triangle represents an increase in the variable. Generally the Bradshaw model shows the characteristics expected to be present in a river, but due to the nature of rivers and the ever-changing environment in which they exist, not all rivers assimilate to the model. Therefore, the model is often applied to compare natural rivers against ideal rivers that fit the model perfectly.

References

Topography
Kinner Airplane & Motor Corporation. Kinner Airplane & Motor Corp was an airplane and engine manufacturer, founded, in the mid-1920s, in Glendale, California, United States, by Bert Kinner, the manager of Kinner Field. Kinner's chief engineer was Max B. Harlow who later founded the Harlow Aircraft Company. It went bankrupt in 1937, and the aircraft rights were sold to O.W. Timm Aircraft Company. The engine department was rearranged as Kinner Motor Inc in 1938, but collapsed in 1946.  Kinner became the West Coast's largest producer of aircraft engines in 1941.

Products

Aircraft

Engines

Kinner also made the K-1 (1921, radial 3), K-2 (1927, radial 5), and K-3 (modified K-2) engines.

References

External links

 Aerofiles
 Enthusiasts' page
 Vintage engines
 "Wings Of Airplane Fold Up In Three Minutes" Kinner K-5 Sportster with optional wing fold, Popular Mechanics, March 1934
 "Air Riddles and The Answers" Kinner Courier, Popular Mechanics, February 1930 page 277

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the United States
Defunct aircraft engine manufacturers of the United States
Companies based in Glendale, California