omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Ministry of Aviation Industry (Soviet Union). The Ministry of Aviation Industry of the USSR () was the government ministry of the Soviet Union which oversaw production of the aviation industry. Before 1946 it was known as the People's Commissariat of Aviation Industry of the USSR (Народный комиссариат авиационной промышленности CCCP – Наркомавиапром).

History
A January 11, 1939 decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR created the People's Commissariat of Aviation Industry of the USSR from the I Board (aircraft) of the People's Commissariat of Defence Industry of the USSR.

According to Decree No. 4C of the Council of People's Commissars of 21 January 1939, the NCAP took over:
 Main Boards no. 1, 5, 10 and 18 of the former People's Commissariat of Defence Industry, which supported the production of aircraft, aircraft engines and equipment along with related businesses;
 assembly companies no. 18, 20, 30, 31, trust Orgoboronprom (Оргоборонпром) and trust Ostekhupravlenie (Остехуправление);
 design offices no. 1, 5, 10;
 aviation institutes in Moscow, Kazan, Kharkov, Rybinsk, Kuibyshev Institute of Engineering and Construction in Novosibirsk, Moscow Department of Lenpromakademia, Institute of Training of Engineers and Aviation Management Personnel in Moscow;
 15 technical schools (aviation in Moscow, and at the plant no. 24, engineering at the Ordzhonikidze plant, electro-radio in Gorky and Voronezh, mechanical in Vladimir, and others);
 2 evening departments (Рабочий факультет) – air in Moscow and industrial in Perm;
 99 plant-schools.

In September 1939 the Politburo of the CPSU (b) adopted a resolution on "the reconstruction and building aircraft factories." It predicted a more than 50% increase in the production capacity of aircraft factories by the end of 1941 in comparison to 1939. A decision was made to build nine new aircraft manufacturing plants and reconstruct the existing nine.

On March 15, 1946 the Commissariat was transformed into the Ministry of Aviation Industry of the USSR (Министерство авиационной промышленности СССР).

Headquarters
Headquarters was located in Moscow at the Ulansky Lane () in two buildings No.  16 and 22 (architect ) built in 1936 for headquarters of the Metrostroy () company. Since 1939 the headquarters of the People's Commissariat of Aviation Industry () have been placed here.

List of ministers
Source:
 Mikhail Kaganovich (11.01.1939 – 10.01.1940)
 Aleksey Shakhurin (10.01.1940 – 15.03.1946)
 Mikhail Khrunichev (19.03.1946 – 15.03.1953)
 Pjotr Dementyev (24.08.1953 – 14.12.1957; 02.10.1965 – 14.05.1977)
 Vasily Kazakov (03.06.1977 – 17.02.1981)
 Ivan Silayev (21.2.1981 – 01.11.1985)
 Apollon Systsov (01.11.1985 – 24.08.1991)

References

External links
 

 
Aviation in the Soviet Union
Defence industry of the Soviet Union
Humistor. A humistor is a type of variable resistor whose resistance varies based on humidity.

Construction 
A humistor has a ceramic composition comprising at least one component having a spinel type cubic symmetry selected from the group consisting chromates, stannic or titan oxides of different metals like MgCr2O4, FeCr2O4, NiCr2O4, CoCr2O4, MnCr2O4, CuCr2O4, Mg2TiO4, Zn2TiO4, Mg2SnO4 and Zn2SnO4, and, if desired, at least one component selected from the group consisting of TiO2, ZrO2, HfO2 and SnO2. A humidity sensor has a sensing portion which usually comprises a humidity-sensitive resistor composed of an organic polymer, such as a polyamide resin, polyvinyl chloride or polyethylene, or a metal oxide.

Operation
A capacitive humidity sensor detects humidity based on a change of capacitance between two detection electrodes provided on a semiconductor substrate. The capacitance type humidity sensor detects humidity by measuring the change in the electrostatic capacity of an element corresponding to the ambient humidity. A resistive humidity sensor detects relative humidity by measuring the change in the resistance of an element corresponding to the ambient humidity. Most of the resistance type humidity sensors include an electrolytic, polymeric, or metallic oxide sensor element. An impedance humidity sensor changes its electrical impedance as the humidity of the surrounding environment changes, and the measured impedance is converted into analog signal for humidity readings.

Applications 
Humidity sensors can be used not only to measure the humidity in an atmosphere but also to automatically control humidifiers, dehumidifiers, and air conditioners for humidity adjustment.

References 

Resistive components
Transducers
Feedthrough. A feedthrough is a conductor used to carry a signal through an enclosure or printed circuit board. Like any conductor, it has a small amount of capacitance.  A "feedthrough capacitor" has a guaranteed minimum value of  built in it and is used for bypass purposes in ultra-high-frequency applications. Feedthroughs can be divided into power and instrumentation categories. Power feedthroughs are used to carry either high current or high voltage. Instrumentation feedthroughs are used to carry electrical signals (including thermocouples) which are normally low current or voltage. Another special type is what is commonly known as RF-feedthrough, specifically designed to carry very high frequency RF or microwave electrical signals.

A feedthrough electrical connection may have to withstand considerable pressure difference across its length. Systems that operate under high vacuum, such as electron microscopes, require electrical connections through the pressure vessel. Similarly, submersible vehicles require feedthrough connections between exterior instruments and devices and the controls within the vehicle pressure hull. A very common example of a feedthrough connection is an automobile spark plug where the body of the plug must resist the pressure and temperature produced in the engine, while providing a reliable electrical connection to the spark gap in the combustion chamber. (Spark plugs are occasionally used as low-cost or improvised feedthrough connections in non-engine applications.)

There are electrical hermetically sealed feedthroughs for instrumentation, high amperage and voltage, coaxial, thermocouple and fiber optics.  Rotary or mechanical feedthroughs also exist.

See also
Vacuum technology

References

Electrical components

de:Leistungstransformator#Durchf.C3.BChrungen
Lawrence J. Delaney. Lawrence John Delaney (born May 29, 1935, in Atlantic City, New Jersey) is a United States scientist and businessman who served as Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Acquisition) from 1999 to 2001, and briefly as Acting United States Secretary of the Air Force in 2001.

Biography
Born in Atlantic City, New Jersey, Delaney attended Holy Spirit High School. Delaney was educated at Clarkson University, receiving a bachelor's degree in chemical engineering in 1957 and a master's degree in chemical engineering in 1958.  He then studied at the University of Pennsylvania and received a Ph.D. in chemical engineering in 1961.

Delaney spent 1961 to 1962 working at the Institute for Defense Analyses in Washington, D.C., and then spent a year as a research fellow at the Fritz Haber Institute of the MPG in Berlin.  In 1963, he joined The Aerospace Corporation in Los Angeles, working as director of its Propulsion Technology and Systems Study Group and of its Advanced Intercontinental Ballistic Missile Office until 1968.  From 1968 to 1975, he worked for Martin Marietta in Washington, D.C., as director of advanced programs and then in Denver as director of its Navy Systems Division.  From 1975 to 1981, he was director of Washington, D.C., operations for R&D Associates.  He then worked for SAIC from 1981 to 1989, first as deputy sector manager for Military Sciences and Information Systems Sector, and then as manager of its Information Systems Group.  He was then managing partner of Montgomery & Associates from 1989 to 1994; oversaw European operations for Braddock Dunn & McDonald in Berlin and as a group manager for IABG in Munich from 1994 to 1997; and founder and president of the Delaney Group Inc. in Washington, D.C., from 1997 to 1999.

In 1999, President of the United States Bill Clinton nominated Delaney to be Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Acquisition).  He held this position until 2001.  He was also Acting United States Under Secretary of the Air Force in 2001, and Acting United States Secretary of the Air Force from January 21, 2001, until May 31, 2001.

Upon leaving government service in 2001, Delaney became president and CEO of Arete Associates in Sherman Oaks, Los Angeles.  In 2003, he joined L-3 Communications / Titan Corp., becoming its president and CEO.

References

1935 births
Living people
Holy Spirit High School (New Jersey) alumni

People from Atlantic City, New Jersey
Clarkson University alumni
University of Pennsylvania alumni
American chemical engineers
United States Air Force civilians
Clinton administration personnel
Martin Marietta people
Marvin R. Sambur. Marvin Robert Sambur (born March 31, 1946) is an American engineer and businessman who served as Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Acquisition) from 2001 to 2005.

Sambur was educated at the City College of New York, receiving his B.S. in electrical engineering in 1968.  He then joined the technical staff of Bell Labs in Murray Hill, New Jersey, while continuing his education. He received an M.S. in electrical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1969 and a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from MIT in 1972.

Sambur worked at Bell Labs until 1977, when he joined ITT Defense Communications in Nutley, New Jersey, as senior vice president.  In 1988, he moved to Easton, Pennsylvania, to become president and general manager of the ITT's Electron Technology division.  He held that position until 1991, when he became president and general manager of ITT's Aerospace/Communications division in Fort Wayne, Indiana.  Finally, in 1998, he became president and CEO of ITT Defense in McLean, Virginia.

In 2001, President of the United States George W. Bush nominated Sambur to be Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Acquisition).  He held the office until January 2005.

After leaving government service, Sambur co-founded Raptors Consulting Group, based in Potomac, Maryland.  He also joined the faculty of the A. James Clark School of Engineering.

Sambur had been a resident of Denville Township, New Jersey.

Notes

1946 births
Living people
United States Air Force civilians
George W. Bush administration personnel
City College of New York alumni
MIT School of Engineering alumni
People from Denville Township, New Jersey
Engineers from Brooklyn
Businesspeople from Brooklyn
American chief executives
HMIS Konkan (J228). HMIS Konkan (J228) was a s built for the Royal Navy, but transferred to the Royal Indian Navy (RIN) during the Second World War.

Design and description
The Bangor class was designed as a small minesweeper that could be easily built in large numbers by civilian shipyards; as steam turbines were difficult to manufacture, the ships were designed to accept a wide variety of engines. Konkan displaced  at standard load and  at deep load. The ship had an overall length of , a beam of  and a draught of . The ship's complement consisted of 60 officers and ratings.

She was powered by two vertical triple-expansion steam engines (VTE), each driving one shaft, using steam provided by two Admiralty three-drum boilers. The engines produced a total of  and gave a maximum speed of . The ship carried a maximum of  of fuel oil that gave her a range of  at .

The VTE-powered Bangors were armed with a 12-pounder  anti-aircraft gun and a single QF 2-pounder (4 cm) AA gun or a quadruple mount for the Vickers .50 machine gun. In some ships the 2-pounder was replaced a single or twin  20 mm Oerlikon AA gun, while most ships were fitted with four additional single Oerlikon mounts over the course of the war. For escort work, their minesweeping gear could be exchanged for around 40 depth charges.

Construction and career
HMIS Konkan was ordered from Lobnitz & Co. originally for the Royal Navy as HMS Tilbury in 1940. However, before she was launched, she was transferred to the Royal Indian Navy and eventually commissioned as Konkan. The ship was a part of the Eastern Fleet, and escorted numerous convoys between Africa, British India and Australia in 1943-45.

According to the 1971-72 edition of Jane's Fighting Ships, INS KONKAN operated as part of the 31st Minesweeping Squadron and shows a photo of her sporting a '31' on the funnel and pennant number M 228. Two other Bangor class minesweepers were also operated by the Squadron until their retirement in 1960 - INS RAJPUTANA and ROHIKHAND. Three Australian built Bathurst class minesweepers - INS BENGAL (ret. 1967), INS BOMBAY (ret. 1962), and INS MADRAS (ret. 1962) were also part of the 31st Minesweeping Squadron.
INS KONKAN was still listed on the Indian Navy list in the spring of 1971  and was disposed of in 1973

References

Bibliography
 

Bangor-class minesweepers of the Royal Indian Navy
1942 ships
Ships built on the River Clyde
World War II minesweepers of India
Konkan
HMIS Malwa (J55). {|

{{Infobox ship career
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|Ship out of service=22 January 1959
|Ship renamed=
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|Ship fate=Sold
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|}
HMIS Malwa (J55) was a s built for the Royal Navy, but transferred to the Royal Indian Navy (RIN) during the Second World War.

Design and description
The Bangor class was designed as a small minesweeper that could be easily built in large numbers by civilian shipyards; as steam turbines were difficult to manufacture, the ships were designed to accept a wide variety of engines. Malwa displaced  at standard load and  at deep load. The ship had an overall length of , a beam of  and a draught of . The ship's complement consisted of 60 officers and ratings.

She was powered by two vertical triple-expansion steam engines (VTE), each driving one shaft, using steam provided by two Admiralty three-drum boilers. The engines produced a total of  and gave a maximum speed of . The ship carried a maximum of  of fuel oil that gave her a range of  at .

The VTE-powered Bangors were armed with a QF 12-pounder (7.62 cm) anti-aircraft gun and a single QF 2-pounder (4 cm) AA gun or a quadruple mount for the Vickers .50 machine gun. In some ships the 2-pounder was replaced a single or twin  20 mm Oerlikon AA gun, while most ships were fitted with four additional single Oerlikon mounts over the course of the war. For escort work, their minesweeping gear could be exchanged for around 40 depth charges.

Construction and career
HMIS Malwa was ordered in 1942, and built by Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers in India for the Royal Navy. She was commissioned in 1945, just months before the end of World War II. Malwa was a part of the Eastern Fleet, and escorted a few convoys before the end of the war. After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, she was among the vessels transferred to Pakistan and renamed PNS Peshawar''.

References

Bibliography
 
 
 

Bangor-class minesweepers of the Royal Indian Navy
Peshawar
1944 ships
British ships built in India
World War II minesweepers of India
HMIS Oudh (J245). HMIS Oudh (J245) was a s built for the Royal Navy, but transferred to the Royal Indian Navy (RIN) during the Second World War.

Design and description
The Bangor class was designed as a small minesweeper that could be easily built in large numbers by civilian shipyards; as steam turbines were difficult to manufacture, the ships were designed to accept a wide variety of engines. Oudh displaced  at standard load and  at deep load. The ship had an overall length of , a beam of  and a draught of . The ship's complement consisted of 60 officers and ratings.

She was powered by two vertical triple-expansion steam engines (VTE), each driving one shaft, using steam provided by two Admiralty three-drum boilers. The engines produced a total of  and gave a maximum speed of . The ship carried a maximum of  of fuel oil that gave her a range of  at .

The VTE-powered Bangors were armed with a QF 12-pounder (7.62 cm) anti-aircraft gun and a single QF 2-pounder (4 cm) AA gun or a quadruple mount for the Vickers .50 machine gun. In some ships the 2-pounder was replaced a single or twin  20 mm Oerlikon AA gun, while most ships were fitted with four additional single Oerlikon mounts over the course of the war. For escort work, their minesweeping gear could be exchanged for around 40 depth charges.

Construction and career
HMIS Oudh was ordered in 1940, and built by Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers in India. She was commissioned in 1943, into the Eastern Fleet. She escorted a number of convoys until the end of the war.

Pakistan service

After the independence of India and the subsequent partition, she was among the vessels transferred to Pakistan and renamed PNS Dacca.

References

Bibliography
 

Bangor-class minesweepers of the Royal Indian Navy
Dacca
1942 ships
British ships built in India
World War II minesweepers of India
SECAT RG-75. 

The SECAT RG-75 (sometimes designated  SECAT 75T) was a light utility monoplane built in France shortly after World War II. It was a conventional cabin monoplane with two seats side-by-side. The wing was mounted high and was of fully cantilever design. The conventional undercarriage consisted of two fixed, divided main units plus a fixed tailskid. Power was supplied by a tractor-mounted piston engine that drove a two-bladed propeller. Construction was of wood throughout, covered in plywood.

History
Two prototypes, registered F-WBBX and F-WBBT were tested at the CEV at Brétigny-sur-Orge in 1947 by pilots Marcel Joannès and Guy Buteau. Shortly afterwards, F-WBBT was displayed together with other SECAT designs at the Semaine de l'Aviation légère (light aviation week) held at Toussus-le-Noble from 22 April 1947 but was already somewhat outdated by the standards of the time. SECAT produced no further examples.

Specifications

Notes

References
 
 
 
 

1940s French civil utility aircraft
SECAT aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1947
Mahavir Institute of Engineering and Technology. Mahavir Institute of Engineering and Technology (MIET)  was established in 2001. It is spread over a 102-acre campus . It is located beside the NH-5 and about 8 km. from Bhubaneswar bus-stand towards Khordha. The college is approved by AICTE and affiliated by Biju Patnaik University of Technology. An ISO 9001:2000 Certified college.

History
MIET is a technical institution in the capital city of Odisha, India that runs under the aegis of the Nabajuga Educational and Charitable Trust, Bhubaneswar with the motto to promote technical/professional education in the country. Besides MIET, the trust runs two Pharmacy Colleges, namely Indira Gandhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IGIPS), Bhubaneswar, Orissa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dhenkanal and a Diploma Engineering college, namely Orissa Institute of Engineering and Technology (OIET), Dhenkanal.

Courses offered
BTech, MTech, MCA and MBA courses are approved by All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), New Delhi, recognized by the government of Odisha and affiliated to Biju Patnaik University of Technology (BPUT), Rourkela.

Academics

The institute offers the following undergraduate programs leading to a BTech degree:

The college also offers a 2-year postgraduate degree program in MTech in the following engineering disciplines:

MIET also offers a 2-year master's degree in MBA, 3-year postgraduate degree program in Master of Computer Applications and 3-year BTech degree for diploma holders under the lateral entry scheme with the approval of AICTE New Delhi, recognised by the government of Odisha and affiliated under the Biju Patnaik University of Technology, Rourkela.

References

External links 
 
 MIET Bhubaneswar on facebook

Private engineering colleges in India
All India Council for Technical Education
Engineering colleges in Odisha
Universities and colleges in Bhubaneswar
Science and technology in Bhubaneswar
Colleges affiliated with Biju Patnaik University of Technology
Educational institutions established in 2001
2001 establishments in Orissa
Solar MS-1. The Solar MS-1 was an American prototype all-metal sesquiplane airliner built in 1930.

Design and development
Its wings were braced to each other with warren truss-style struts. The lower stub wings carried the well separated legs of the fixed undercarriage. The fuselage was of rectangular cross-section and featured a fully enclosed flight deck and passenger cabin. The tail was of conventional design with strut-braced stabilizers and carrying a fixed tailwheel. Construction was of metal throughout with corrugated skins, and was powered by a single  Pratt & Whitney Wasp radial engine in the nose.

Operational service
The MS-1 flew for the first time registered as X258V on 21 January 1930 with Doug Kelly at the controls. Kelly described it as "one of the finest closed planes I have ever flown", and Charles Lindbergh also praised the MS-1 when he flew it a few days later. Despite this, the airlines did not order the type, although Northwest Airways and ten other airlines considered, and rejected buying examples due to the effect that the onset of the Great Depression was having on their traffic volumes. A  record flight from Los Angeles, California to Tokyo was planned, but never happened.
The high point was a  transcontinental flight over 25 states that the president of Solar took with his entire family, including his wife and three children, aged 9, 7 and 3, which attracted considerable interest from the media who dubbed it the "flying nursery". A purchasing agent for a major airline then promised a substantial order, but dropped dead of a heart attack the day the order was to be signed, and his replacement called off the deal. Solar made the prototype available for charter flights for a while, but in 1931 sold it to an operator in Mexico who used it to transport coffee beans. On the Mexican register as XB-AFK, the MS-1 was destroyed in a crash in 1936. Solar would never build another aircraft, turning to saucepans to survive the depression, and later stainless steel exhaust shrouds.

Specifications (Solar MS-1)

See also

References

Citations

Bibliography
 
 
 
 

 
 

1930s United States airliners
Sesquiplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1930
Big, Bigger, Biggest. Big, Bigger, Biggest is a British documentary television series which began airing in 2008. A total of 20 episodes have been produced across three series.

Format
Each episode explores the engineering breakthroughs that have made it possible to develop the largest structures of today. Episodes describe the landmark inventions that have enabled the engineers of today to construct the world's biggest structures, including computer generated imagery. The imagery shows the size of the object in meters, the various designs that were considered, and what might have happened if the engineers had made a mistake, complete with animated figures running in panic.

It is also available on DVD:

 Series 1 – 208 minutes - 1 DVD - PAL 16:9 Widescreen
 Series 2 – 520 minutes - 3 DVDs - PAL
 Series 3 – 270 minutes - 2 DVDs - PAL 16:9 Widescreen

Episodes

Series 1 (2008)

Series 2 (2009)

Series 3 (2011)

References

Channel 5 (British TV channel) documentary series
National Geographic (American TV channel) original programming
Documentary television series about technology
2000s British documentary television series
2010s British documentary television series
2008 British television series debuts
2011 British television series endings