omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Changhe Aircraft Industries Corporation. Changhe Aircraft Industries Corporation (CAIC) () is a Chinese helicopter manufacturer and supplier to the Chinese military. It is a member of the Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC). The company is based in the city of Jingdezhen in Jiangxi province. Changhe employs 4300 employees in two production facilities with 1.29 million sq. metres and 0.22 million sq. metres of construction area. It has a joint venture with Agusta Helicopter (Jiangxi Changhe-Agusta Helicopter Co., Ltd) and relationship with Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation. Its subsidiary, Changhe Machinery Factory, is a major automobile company in China.

History

 
The company was established in 1969 as a state enterprise and now as a contractor to the People's Liberation Army.

Products

Helicopters

 Changhe Z-10 - attack helicopter currently in production; it is built to replace Z-9W
 Changhe Z-8 - naval and Z-8A army heavy transport helicopter; Chinese variant of SA321Ja Super Frelon
 Changhe CA109 - utility helicopter; Chinese version of A109
 Changhe Z-11 - light military utility helicopter
Changhe Z-18- a replacement for the Z-8 Super Frelon

Parts

 Tail rotor pylon for the Sikorsky S-92
 Fuselage for the Sikorsky S-76

See also
 Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC)
 ACAC consortium
 Chengdu Aircraft Industry Group
 Guizhou Aircraft Industry Co.
 Harbin Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation
 Hongdu Aviation Industry Corporation
 Shaanxi Aircraft Company
 Shanghai Aviation Industrial Company
 Shenyang Aircraft Corporation
 Xi'an Aircraft Industrial Corporation

References

Further reading

External links

  
  

Helicopter manufacturers of China
Defence companies of the People's Republic of China
Manufacturing companies established in 1969
Companies based in Jiangxi
Database search engine. A database search engine is a search engine that operates on material stored in a digital database.

Search engines 

Categories of search engine software include: 
 Web search or full-text search (e.g. Lucene).
 Database or structured data search (e.g. Dieselpoint).
 Mixed or enterprise search (e.g. Google Search Appliance). 

The largest online directories, such as Google and Yahoo, utilize thousands of computers to process billions of website documents using web crawlers or spiders (software), returning results for thousands of searches per second. Processing high query volumes requires software to run in a distributed environment with redundancy.

Components 

Searching for textual content in databases or structured data formats (such as XML and CSV) presents special challenges and opportunities which specialized search engines resolve. Databases allow logical queries such as the use of multi-field Boolean logic, while full-text searches do not. "Crawling" (a human by-eye search) is not necessary to find information stored in a database because the data is already structured. Indexing the data allows for faster searches.

Database search engines are usually included with major database software products.

Applications 

Database search technology is used by large public and private entities including government database services, e-commerce companies, online advertising platforms, telecommunications service providers and other consumers with a need to access information in large repositories.

See also

Outline of search engines
List of search engines

External links
 Searching for Text Information in Databases

Information retrieval systems
Michael J. Flynn. Michael J. Flynn (born May 20, 1934) is an American professor emeritus at Stanford University.

Early life and education
Flynn was born in New York City.

Career

Flynn proposed Flynn's taxonomy, a method of classifying parallel digital computers,  in 1966.

In the early 1970s, he was the founding chairman of IEEE Computer Society's Technical Committee on Computer Architecture (TCCA) and Association for Computing Machinery's Special Interest Group on Computer Architecture, ACM SIGARCH (initially SICARCH). Flynn encouraged, from the beginning, joint cooperation between the two groups which now sponsors many leading joint symposiums and conferences like ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Computer Architecture (ISCA).

In 1995 he received a Harry H. Goode Memorial Award.

In 2009, Flynn received an honorary doctorate from the University of Belgrade.

Flynn co-founded Palyn Associates with Maxwell Paley and in 2014 is Chairman of Maxeler Technologies.

Bibliography

References

External links
 Stanford page
 Curriculum Vitae
 Flynn, Mike (Michael J.) oral history | Computer History Museum

Living people
1934 births
Place of birth missing (living people)
Manhattan College alumni
Flynn's taxonomy
American computer scientists
Stanford University faculty
1994 fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
High level. High Level may refer to:

High- and low-level, classification levels in the description of systems
High Level, a town in northern Alberta, Canada
Hi-Level, a type of passenger railcar

See also
High Level Architecture, a military computer simulation framework
High-level assembler, a type of assembly language translator
High-level design, an initial stage in software design
High-level document, a standard in software inspection
High-level programming language, a type of computer programming language
High-level waste, a type of nuclear waste
High Level Bridge (disambiguation)
Pneumatic lubricator. A pneumatic lubricator injects an aerosolized stream of oil into an air line to provide lubrication to the internal working parts of pneumatic tools, and to other devices such as actuating cylinders, valves, and motors.

Compressed air enters the inlet port and passes over a needle valve orifice attached to a pick-up tube. This tube - often equipped with a sintered bronze filter - is submerged into a reservoir bowl filled with light machine oil. Oil is pulled up by the venturi effect, and emitted as an aerosol at the outlet port. The needle valve is typically situated within a clear polycarbonate or nylon housing to aid in oil flow rate adjustment.
Some compressor oils and external chemicals can cause polycarbonate and/or nylon sight glass to be degraded and create a safety hazard

A lubricator should always be the last element in an FRL (Filter-Regulator-Lubricator) unit. If an FRL is connected "backwards" with incoming air connected to the lubricator, oil-laden air interferes with pressure regulator operation, oil is separated from the air stream and drained by the filter, and very little or none is delivered to connected equipment.

References

Pneumatic tools
Crescent Bay, Karachi. Crescent Bay is a  under-construction upscale mixed-use oceanfront development in Defence, Karachi, Pakistan consisting of 50 towers. It is a joint venture by EMAAR and Giga Group. Land reclamation on the project was completed by Mazyood Giga International, a subsidiary of Giga Group, with the help of Halcrow Consultants.

The development features 50 high and mid-rise towers for residential and commercial use, a shopping centre, a five-star beachfront hotel and a tower located in the middle of the project. The development includes approximately 4,000 residential apartments. Begun on May 31, 2006, when completed the development would be the first development with a private beach and also the first based on reclaimed land.

Even though the development sold out in 2008, it faced significant delays, initially due to the liquidity crisis faced by Emaar Properties following the 2008 financial crisis. Later, due to a legal battle with DHA Ltd allegedly for breach of contract. The construction resumed in 2015 and is contracted to NESPAK. As of 2022, 38-storey Coral Tower (2 towers), Pearl Tower (3 towers) and Reef Tower (2 Towers) are complete. As of 2022, Residential properties are priced from 300,000$ to 600,000$.

See also
 Defence Housing Authority
Emaar Pakistan

References

External links
 
 Official Website
 Pakistan Defence Officers Housing Authority

Apartment buildings in Pakistan
Hotels in Karachi
Skyscrapers in Karachi
Defence, Karachi
Business parks of Pakistan
Shopping malls in Pakistan
Karachi Creek Marina. Creek Marina is an under-construction high rise ocean-front residential project located in DHA Karachi.

Launched in 2005 as a joint venture project between Meinhardt Group and DHA, while the masterplan was designed by Hirsch Bedner Associates. The project's masterplan includes eight 24-storey towers with a total of 780 apartments.

The development has been site of repeated delays, initially projected to be completed by 2009, conflicts between Meinhardt and DHA has stalled the project's development. Out of 780, 280 apartments were sold by 2010 for an average price of $200,000; in 2011, buyers formed an Action Committee to pursue for either a refund or completion of the project. On August 20, 2015, National Accountability Bureau brought charge's against Creek Marina Project management for cheating public at large.

See also
 Economy of Pakistan
 List of tallest buildings in Pakistan
 Defence Housing Authority
 Defence Housing Society

References

External links
 Official Website
 Meinhardt Engineering Consultants
 Pakistan Defence Officers Housing Authority

Neighbourhoods of Karachi
Defence, Karachi
Marinas in Pakistan
Apartment buildings in Pakistan
Micrographic texture. In petrology, micrographic texture is a fine-grained intergrowth of quartz and alkali feldspar, interpreted as the last product of crystallization in some igneous rocks which contain high or moderately high percentages of silica. Micropegmatite is an outmoded terminology for micrographic texture.

This fine-grained texture is similar to the coarser intergrowths in certain pegmatites and coarse granitic veins; the quartz forms angular patches scattered through a matrix of feldspar. In polarized light the separate areas of each mineral extinguish at the same time, and this proves that, even though apparently discontinuous, they have the same crystalline orientation.

The feldspar may be considered an irregular crystal of spongy structure, the interstices being filled up by another spongy crystal of quartz. Some of the coarser-grained examples are said to be "graphic", because the intergrowths vaguely resemble ancient cuneiform lettering. Some micrographic intergrowths are similar to those characteristic of granophyre.

Micrographic differs from graphic granite in being so much finer-grained that the texture can only be seen in a petrographic thin section with a microscope. The feldspar is usually  orthoclase, but can also be albite, oligoclase or microcline. In at least some instances, quartz is so disposed that the two minerals have a definite relation between their crystallographic axes.

In rocks where micrographic texture is most common, it is usually interpreted as the last product of crystallization, and may represent residual melt. Commonly it has no definite form of its own, but fills up the irregular interspaces between the earlier crystallized minerals. The compositions of these residual crystallization products may represent  eutectic compositions, the mixtures (quartz plus feldspar plus minor amounts of other minerals) which have the lowest fusion point. The texture may commonly form in the presence of a vapor phase as well as a silicate melt, however, and vapor-rock reactions below the solidus may result in feldspar replacement and consequent compositional changes.

The texture should not be confused with myrmekite or granophyre, in which quartz forms club-shaped, curved or vermiform threads intergrown with plagioclase feldspar and alkali feldspar, respectively.

In some rocks the whole groundmass consists of spherulitic growths of fibrous quartz and feldspar; in their centres there is often a quartz or feldspar crystal; the outer boundaries of the spherulites are not usually circular but irregular, owing to the interlocking of adjacent spherulites at their margins. Such textures may document solid-state devitrification of glass.

See also

References

Igneous rocks
Igneous petrology
Shadowmation. Shadowmation is a patented animation process () created by Mitchell Kriegman. It uses realtime virtual sets and bunraku style team puppetry (some puppets are controlled by up to three puppeteers), thus combining live action animatronic characters with computer generated animation in real time, high definition virtual environments powered by video game engines. The resulting effect combines the advantages of animatronics with the expressiveness of live performance and the freedom of computer animation.

Examples
A relatively new technique, Shadowmation has been used in several children's television shows, including Disney's The Book of Pooh, PBS's It's a Big, Big World,  and CBC Television and Discovery Kids' Wilbur. The Jim Henson Company's Bear in the Big Blue House utilized this technique for its opening sequence. This technique was also used in The Adventures of Elmo in Grouchland for the song "Take the First Step".

References

Animatronics
Puppetry
Oerlikon Balzers. Oerlikon Balzers is part of the OC Oerlikon group, a Swiss technology conglomerate, and a supplier of PVD coatings. The OC Oerlikon group consists of companies in the following divisions: Polymer Processing Solutions and Surface Solutions. The coatings produced by Oerlikon Balzers aim to improve the performance and service life of, for example, metallic precision components by reducing friction and supplying additional hardness.

History
With the support of Prince Franz Josef II and Swiss industrialist Emil Georg Bührle, Professor Max Auwärter founded Gerätebauanstalt Balzers. The objective was to make the then largely unknown and little-researched vacuum thin film technology usable on an industrial scale. Since no systems and equipment for the production of thin-film coatings were available at the time, the company developed and produced them in-house. The first popular applications were sun protection and anti-reflection coatings for ophthalmic lenses, anti-reflection coatings for camera lenses, optical filters and reflectors and thin films for electronic applications.

In 1976, the company became a member of the Oerlikon Group, then Oerlikon-Bührle Holding AG. In 1983, the first coating center was opened outside of Liechtenstein in Italy. One year later, the step to America was taken, and in 1987, the first center in the Asian region took on its operation in Japan.

In June 2014, the OC Oerlikon Group acquired Sulzer Metco from the Swiss Sulzer AG, which has since then been operating under the name Oerlikon Metco. The thin film business of Oerlikon Metco is integrated into Oerlikon Balzers since 2015.
Oerlikon Balzers, Oerlikon Metco and Oerlikon AM form the Surface Solutions division of the Oerlikon Group.

Oerlikon Balzers operates over 110 coating centres in more than 35 countries.

The headquarters of Oerlikon Balzers is located in Balzers, Liechtenstein, where over 530 people are employed.

Products 
The company offers contract coating services in Europe, the Americas, and Asia; PVD and PACVD-based coating; heat treatment; and coating equipment. Its products and services are used in various applications in various industries They also serve the automotive and transportation, aerospace, medical, food and packaging, energy, consumer goods and engineering sectors worldwide.

References 

Technology companies established in 1946
Technology companies of Liechtenstein
1946 establishments in Liechtenstein
OC Oerlikon
ITAD M-400. M-400 UAV was an experimental reconnaissance unmanned aerial vehicle was designed and built by the Institute of Technology Air Defense by the Vietnamese Ministry of Defense. Two M-400 UAVs were successfully launched in September 2005 after four years of construction with many test flights.

The UAV appears to be a small model type propeller driven aircraft. The UAV never entered full service in the Vietnamese People's Air Force (plans were to have twelve built) and is no longer in service due to lack of GPS to guide the craft and other critical components.

See also
 IAI Scout

External links
 Máy bay không người lái "Made in Việt Nam"

Military equipment of Vietnam
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Unmanned military aircraft of Vietnam
HMS Auriga (P419). HMS Auriga (P419/S69), was an  of the Royal Navy, built by Vickers Armstrong and launched 29 March 1945.

Design
Auriga had a displacement of  when at the surface and  while submerged. It had a total length of , a beam of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two Admiralty ML eight-cylinder diesel engines generating  each. Four electric motors each producing  drove two shafts. It could carry a maximum of  of diesel, although it usually carried between .

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of  and a submerged speed of . When submerged, it could operate at  for  or at  for . Surfaced, it could travel  at  or  at . Armament was ten  torpedo tubes, one QF 4 inch naval gun Mk XXIII, one Oerlikon 20 mm cannon, and a .303 British Vickers machine gun. Its torpedo tubes were fitted to the bow and stern, and it could carry twenty torpedoes. Its complement was sixty-one crew members.

Service history
In 1953 she took part in the Fleet Review to celebrate the Coronation of Elizabeth II. In March 1961, the submarine was among the vessels that took part in a combined naval exercise with the United States Navy off Nova Scotia. Auriga departed Canada on 25 April 1961 after completing an 18-month tour with the Sixth Submarine Division at Halifax, Nova Scotia.

References

Publications

External links
 Pictures of HMS Auriga at MaritimeQuest

Amphion-class submarines
Cold War submarines of the United Kingdom
Ships built in Barrow-in-Furness
1945 ships
Michael Butler (computer scientist). Michael J. Butler is an Irish computer scientist. As of 2022, he is professor of computer science and Dean of the Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences at the University of Southampton, England.

Biography
Butler was born in Ireland. He received his bachelor's degree in computer science from Trinity College, Dublin in 1988. He then took an MSc (1989) and DPhil (1992) at the Programming Research Group of the University of Oxford, working in the area of communicating sequential processes. He then worked for Broadcom in Dublin and at Åbo Akademi University in Turku, Finland with Ralph-Johan Back on refinement calculus. He joined the University of Southampton in 1995 as a lecturer, rising to reader in 2000 and then professor in the same year. He led the Dependable Systems & Software Engineering group at the School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton (inactive as of 2022).

His main research is in the area of the B-Method (originated by J.-R. Abrial), especially tool support such as ProB (advanced model checking for B which allows for the simulation of Event-B machines in the Rodin/Eclipse platform), U2B (UML and B), csp2B (CSP and B), and the RODIN toolset for Event-B.

References

External links
 Home page
 Official university web page
 Google Scholar profile

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
British computer scientists
Irish computer scientists
Formal methods people
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
Alumni of Wolfson College, Oxford
Members of the Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford
Academics of the University of Southampton
Irish expatriates in the United Kingdom
Loop scheduling. In parallel computing, loop scheduling is the problem of assigning proper iterations of parallelizable loops among n processors to achieve load balancing and maintain data locality with minimum dispatch overhead.

Typical loop scheduling methods are:
 static even scheduling: evenly divide loop iteration space into n chunks and assign each chunk to a processor
 dynamic scheduling: a chunk of loop iteration is dispatched at runtime by an idle processor. When the chunk size is 1 iteration, it is also called self-scheduling.
 guided scheduling: similar to dynamic scheduling, but the chunk sizes per dispatch keep shrinking until reaching a preset value.

References

See also
 OpenMP
 Automatic parallelization
 Loop nest optimization

Parallel computing
LatticeMico8. The LatticeMico8 is an 8-bit microcontroller reduced instruction set computer (RISC) soft processor core optimized for field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) and crossover programmable logic device architecture from Lattice Semiconductor. Combining a full 18-bit wide instruction set with 32 general purpose registers, the LatticeMico8 is a flexible Verilog reference design suitable for a wide variety of markets, including communications, consumer, computer, medical, industrial, and automotive. The core consumes minimal device resources, less than 200 lookup tables (LUTs) in the smallest configuration, while maintaining a broad feature set.

The LatticeMico8 is licensed under a new free (IP) core license, the first such license offered by any FPGA supplier. The main benefits of using the IP core are greater flexibility, improved portability, and no cost. This new agreement provides some of the benefits of standard open-source licenses and allows users to mix proprietary designs with the core. Further, it allows for distributing designs in bitstream or FPGA format without accompanying it with a copy of the license. Developers are required to keep the core's source code confidential and use "for the sole purposes of design documentation and preparation of Derivative Works ... to develop designs to program Lattice programmable logic devices".

Features
 8-bit data path
 18-bit wide instructions
 32 general purpose registers
 32 bytes of internal scratch pad memory
 Input/output is performed using "Ports" (up to 256 port numbers)
 Optional 256 bytes of external scratch pad RAM
 Two cycles per instruction
 Lattice UART reference design peripheral

References

Soft microprocessors
Process variable. In control theory, a process variable (PV; also process value or process parameter) is the current measured value of a particular part of a process which is being monitored or controlled. An example of this would be the temperature of a furnace. The current temperature is the process variable, while the desired temperature is known as the set-point (SP).

Control system use

Measurement of process variables is essential in control systems to controlling a process. The value of the process variable is continuously monitored so that control may be exerted.

Four commonly measured variables that affect chemical and physical processes are: pressure, temperature, level and flow. but there are in fact a large number of measurement quantities which for international purposes use the International System of Units (SI)

The SP-PV error is used to exert control on a process so that the value of PV equals the value of the SP. A classic use of this is in the 
PID controller.

References

Control theory
Thermal relief. A thermal relief pad, thermal pad or simply thermal, is a printed circuit board (PCB) pad connected to a copper pour using a thermal connection. It looks like a normal pad with copper "spokes" connecting it to the surrounding copper.

A typical pad on a printed circuit board is only connected to a few narrow tracks. A pad directly connected to the copper pour is difficult to solder, since the heat quickly leaks away from the pad into the copper pour due to high thermal conductivity of copper. A thermal connection restricts the heat flow, making the pad easier to solder.
Via holes that only connect one layer to another, without having soldering wires or pins into the hole, do not normally need thermal restriction.

Wire-leaded components may require the thermal relief pattern to be customized or even omitted when carrying radio-frequency currents (where the additional inductance would be problematic), or where very high current densities are expected (where the spokes of the thermal relief may act as a fuse). In these cases the parts may require additional hand soldering during assembly.

See also
 Heat trap
 Thermal barrier

References

Further reading
 
 

Electrical connectors