omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Action (UML). In the Unified Modeling Language, an action
is a named element that is the fundamental unit of executable functionality. Actions take a set of inputs, which may be empty, and convert them to a set of outputs, which in turn may also be empty.

The execution of an action represents some transformation or processing in the modeled system.  An action execution represents the run-time behavior of executing an action within a specific behavior execution. All action executions will be executions of specific kinds of actions because action is an abstract class. When the action executes, and what its actual inputs are, is determined by the concrete action and the behaviors in which it is used.

An action is the specification of an executable statement and is the fundamental unit of processing or behavior in an activity node that represents some transformation in the modeled system.

An action forms an abstraction of a computational procedure which is an atomic execution and therefore completes without interruption.  An action is considered to take zero time and cannot be interrupted.  In contrast, an activity is a more complex collection of behavior that may run for a long duration.  An activity may be interrupted by events, in which case it does not run to completion.

An action is a result of a system state change and is realized by sending a message to an object or modifying a link or a value of an attribute.

An action may receive inputs in the form of control flows and object flows (the latter via input pins) and passes the results of its processing or transformations to one or more outgoing control flows or object flows (the latter via output pins) and onto downstream nodes.

Execution of the action cannot begin until all its prerequisites are satisfied.  All incoming control flows have control tokens and all input pins have object tokens.

An action refers to the suite of rules and policies associated with a state machine state, and is represented as an object method.

Actions are contained within and are provided context by activities.

An action behavior accompanies a transition event.

Action types
On Entry: occurs when an activity is entered.
Do: occurs while an activity is occurring. These are the steps within the activity.
On Exit: occurs when you leave an activity.
On Event: occurs upon a specific event.

References

Unified Modeling Language
Permasteelisa. Permasteelisa S.p.A. is an Italian company in engineering, project management, manufacturing and installation of architectural envelopes and interior systems. The company is known for being one of handful producing continuous external cladding used for the design and construction of large buildings such as airports and skyscrapers. Its materials can be found on the Sydney Opera House; the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao; or the London Shard.

The company has around 3,900 employees worldwide and a network of 40 companies (including offices, plants and R&D centers) in 30 countries.

History
The company was founded in 1973 with the name of Infissi Serramenti Alluminio (ISA). Its headquarters are in Vittorio Veneto, Province of Treviso. After the acquisition of the Australian company Permasteel Industries Pty Ltd in 1986, which manufactured the curtain wall of the Sydney Opera House, the company's name was changed to Permasteelisa. This acquisition marks the start to international expansion, first into Singapore and Hong Kong, then to Japan, China, Thailand and Malaysia. In 1994, Permasteelisa acquired the Dutch company Scheldebouw B.V. and, in 2001, the German company Josef Gartner GmbH.

At the end of the 1990s, the company entered the United States, first in interiors fit-out and later investing in the curtain wall market. In 2011, Permasteelisa was acquired by Japanese Lixil Group for €575 million.

In 2018, the United States blocked an attempted acquisition of Permasteelisa by Chinese interior design company Grandland from its Japanese owner on unspecified security grounds. It is unclear why the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) blocked the transaction.

In May 2020, Permasteelisa is sold to the American fund Atlas Holding.

Subsidiaries
 Permasteelisa North America Corp.
 Scheldebouw B.V.
 Josef Gartner GmbH
 Permasteelisa (UK) Limited
 Permasteelisa France SAS
 Permasteelisa Pacific Holdings Ltd

Finances
As of 31 December 2015, the Permasteelisa Group turnover was €1,528 million. The normalized EBIT was €41 million, representing 2.7% of the sales. The shareholders' equity amounted to €234.69 million, while the net financial position was €-306 million.

Activities
Permasteelisa an examples of a "pocket-sized" multinational, a company with a modest turnover but a worldwide presence. The main area of activity for the Permasteelisa Group is the curtain wall sector. In 2015, the Exteriors Business Unit represented 84.5% of the turnover (83.3% in 2002), the Interiors Business Unit 12.7% and Contract Business Unit 2.8%.

See also

References 

Italian companies established in 1973
Engineering companies of Italy
Construction and civil engineering companies of Italy
Italian brands
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1973
Lixil Group
2011 mergers and acquisitions
2020 mergers and acquisitions
Yakov Rekhter. Yakov Rekhter is a well-known network protocol designer and software programmer. He was heavily involved in internet protocol  development, and its predecessors, from their early stages.

Dr. Rekhter was one of the leading architects and a major software developer of the NSFNET Backbone Phase II. He co-designed the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), the core routing protocol of the Internet. He was also one of the lead designers of Tag Switching (of which MPLS is one form), BGP/MPLS based VPNs, and MPLS Traffic Engineering. Among his most recent activities is the work on MPLS Multicast, Multicast in VPLS, and Multicast in BGP/MPLS VPNs (aka 2547 VPNs). His other contributions to contemporary Internet technology include: GMPLS, Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) and IP address allocation for private Internets.

He is the author or co-author of more than 80 IETF RFCs, and numerous papers and articles on TCP/IP and the Internet. His recent books include: MPLS: Technology and Applications (Morgan Kaufmann, 2000) and Switching in IP Networks: IP Switching, Tag Switching and Related Technologies (Morgan Kaufmann, 1998).

Rekhter joined Juniper Networks in December 2000, where he was a Juniper Fellow. Prior to joining Juniper, Yakov worked at Cisco Systems, where he was a Cisco Fellow. Prior to joining Cisco in 1995, he worked at IBM T.J. Watson Research Center.

He retired from Juniper Networks and the industry in January 2015.

Napkin Story
In January 1989 at the 12th IETF meeting in Austin, Texas, Yakov Rekhter and Kirk Lougheed sat down at a table to design what ultimately became the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). The initial BGP design was recorded on a napkin rumored to have been heavily spattered with ketchup. The design on the napkin was expanded to three hand-written sheets of paper from which the first interoperable BGP implementation was quickly developed. A photocopy of these 3 sheets of paper now hangs on the wall of a routing protocol development area at Cisco Systems in Milpitas, California.

References

People in information technology
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Internet pioneers
ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), over the years, has established a comprehensive global network of ground stations to provide Telemetry, Tracking and Command (TTC) support to satellite and launch vehicle missions. These facilities are grouped under ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC) with its headquarters at Bangalore, India.

Facilities
ISTRAC has several facilities as of November 2013:
 ISTRAC facilities in Bangalore consist of TTC ground station (BLR) with full redundancy multi-mission Spacecraft Control Center to carry out and control spacecraft operations and co-ordinate with the network stations. Computer facility with distributed architecture providing independent processors for communications handling, dedicated processors to provide real-time displays for individual spacecraft missions and off-line processors for carrying out spacecraft data archival, analysis and orbit determination.
 Communication Control facility to establish links between SCC and ISTRAC network stations as well as control centers of other participating external space agencies and data receptions stations through dedicated voice, data and TTY links.

Mission
The mission of the ISTRAC includes:
Tracking, commanding and housekeeping data acquisition as well as health analysis and control, orbit and attitude determination and network co-ordination support to all low Earth orbit satellite missions of ISRO throughout their mission life.
Telemetry data acquisition support for ISRO launch vehicle missions from liftoff until satellite acquisition and down range tracking support for monitoring and determining the satellite injection parameters.
Coordinating between spacecraft and launch vehicle teams, supporting ground stations  right from planning till the completion of mission for the national and  international satellite missions.
Telemetry, tracking and command support for the International satellite launch projects.

Ground Stations
ISTRAC has the following TTC ground stations:

India
Hyderabad
Bangalore, also hosts the Indian Spacecraft Control Centre
Lucknow
 Sri Vijayapuram
Sriharikota
Thiruvananthapuram
Bharti research station (AGEOS), Antarctica

Global Stations
Port Louis, Mauritius
Bear Lakes, Russia (Медвежьи Озера, Medvezhi Ozera), operating the RT-64 antenna
Biak, Indonesia
Brunei
Svalbard, Norway
Troll, Antarctica
Vietnam
Gatun Lake, Panama
São Tomé and Príncipe, West Africa

See also
Indian Deep Space Network
European Space Tracking
NASA Deep Space Network
Near Earth Network
Space Network

References

External links
ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC) - Official Website

Indian Space Research Organisation facilities
Year of establishment missing
Nord Programming Language. Nord Programming Language (NPL), is a procedural programming language by the Norwegian minicomputer manufacturer Norsk Data. It shipped as a standard component of the operating system Sintran III.

The language was also used to implement Sintran III: the core and file system of which are written in NPL, as was the NPL compiler, and some core applications early on, until the release of high-level programming language named PLANC. Then, the linker and other software were rewritten in PLANC.

The NPL compiler was also special in that it did not emit object code as most compilers do. Instead it emitted an intermediate representation, in the form of assembly language code, which then had to be assembled using the Norsk Data Assembler.

The registers of the CPU were available in NPL as predefined variables. Thus could be written:

 X + T =: A

and the compiler would emit:

 COPY SX DA
 RADD ST DA

Functions could be declared with multiple entry points:

 FUNC FUN1, FUN2
 
 FUN1: T := 1
 FUN2:
 
 code here
 
 END

FUN1 could be called to set T to 1 before falling into FUN2 or T could be set to something else and call FUN2. If T register specified which file handle to write to, then either FUN1 could be called to always output to terminal or T could be specified to handle a file in T and call FUN2 to output to that file.

Procedural programming languages
Norsk Data software
Victorian Power Exchange. The Victorian Power Exchange (VPX) was established in 1995 by the Victoria State Government as part of a restructuring of the State Electricity Commission of Victoria (SECV) and the establishment of a competitive electricity market.

Overview 
Its functions were to monitor and control the wholesale power exchange; ensure security of the power system; and plan and direct the augmentation of the transmission system within Victoria.

The design of the electricity market and the operation of the power exchange formed the basis for the National Electricity Market.

VPX was a not-for-profit corporation owned by the Government of Victoria. The board of directors comprised representatives of the electricity industry and independent members.

VPX was wound up in 1998 with the establishment of NEMMCO and the commencement of the National Electricity Market. VPX's transmission planning function was transferred to VENCorp, which had been established in December 1997.

References

Organisations based in Victoria (state)
Energy in Victoria (state)
International Cablemakers Federation. The International Cablemakers Federation (ICF) was founded in 1990 with a permanent Secretariat in Vienna, Austria. Today ICF has more than 100 members from more than 30 countries of all regions in the world. The membership represents approx. 70% of the global manufacturing capacity of the Wire & Cable Industry.

 
The objectives defined by the constitution include, amongst others:

 the promotion of the use of cables
 the promotion of energy saving and increased safety
 the improvement of the recovery and re-use of cable materials
 the analysis and collation of statistical data of interest to the industry
 the maintenance of worldwide relationships within the Wire & Cable Industry whilst complying with all antitrust and cartel prohibition legislation, applicable to any of the members.

ICF publishes a quarterly Newsletter covering selected topics and industry statistics.

See also 
 Official Website: www.icf.at
 Integer Research
 Europacable
  The Wire Association International (WAI)
 Stewart Hay - Very useful links worldwide

International organisations based in Austria
Wire and cable manufacturers
General tau theory. General tau theory deals with the guidance of bodily movements. It was developed from work on J. J. Gibson's notion of ecological invariants in the visual flow-field during a perception-in-action event, and subsequently generalised by David N. Lee in the late 1990s to an amodal theory of perceptuomotor control.

The theory considers the organism acting as a unified whole in dynamic relations with its environment, rather than conceiving of the organism as a complex mechanical device reducible into analysable parts.  The theory is embedded in ecological thinking, paying attention to both organism and environment, and drawing information from their forms of interaction. It was developed by thinking about the relational, or ecological invariants in engagements between organism and environment. This whole-systems approach offers insight into the nature of living and offers pragmatic, human benefits in both designing the constructed world (e.g. in cockpit design) and in therapy of movement disorders (e.g. Parkinson's disease).

References

External links
  Perception Movement Action Research Consortium

Related
 Tau_effect
Motor skills
GWR 388 class. The GWR 388 class was a large class of 310 0-6-0 goods locomotives built by the Great Western Railway. They are sometimes referred to as the Armstrong Goods or Armstrong Standard Goods to differentiate from the Gooch Goods and Dean Goods classes, both of which were also large classes of standard goods locomotives.

Use
Despite their description as goods engines, for many years they were also used on passenger trains; the class that principally replaced them was Churchward's mixed-traffic 2-6-0s, the 4300 Class of 1919-21. They were used throughout the GWR system where the gauge permitted; principally in the Northern Division to start with.

War service
While the service overseas of Dean's 2301 Class during two world wars is well known, the service of the 388 Class in World War I is less often documented. Six of the class were sent to Serbia in 1916, two of them returning in 1921; and 16 of them were shipped to Salonika in 1917, though the first batch of eight was lost at sea. After the war four of them entered the stock of the Ottoman Railway; another four were returned to the GWR in 1921.

Numbering
The 388 class were built in several batches between 1866 and 1876; many locomotives were given numbers from recently withdrawn locomotives, so they do not run in a continuous series, or even in order of construction. 

In the following table the "Works Number" is a sequential number allocated by the builder, the "Locomotive number" is the number carried on the locomotive for identification.

Broad gauge
Twenty locomotives were converted to  broad gauge from 1884 and reconverted to standard gauge in 1892.

 1196 (1888 - 1892)
 1197 (1887 - 1892)
 1198 (1888 - 1892)
 1199 (1887 - 1892)
 1200 (1887 - 1892)
 1201 (1888 - 1892)
 1202 (1887 - 1892)
 1203 (1887 - 1892)
 1204 (1888 - 1892)
 1205 (1888 - 1892)

 1206 (1884 - 1892)
 1207 (1884 - 1892)
 1208 (1884 - 1892)
 1209 (1884 - 1892)
 1210 (1884 - 1892)
 1211 (1884 - 1892)
 1212 (1884 - 1892)
 1213 (1884 - 1892)
 1214 (1884 - 1892)
 1215 (1884 - 1892)

Accidents and incidents
On 11th November 1890, No. 1100 was struck by a broad gauge boat train from Plymouth at .

Withdrawal
There were numerous withdrawals from around 1920. After 1930 the few remainders were at Oxley, Stourbidge and Wellington, and the last was withdrawn in 1934. Like all Armstrong locomotives, none were preserved.

References

 
 
 
 
 
 

0388
GWR 0388 Class
GWR 0388 Class
Railway Operating Division locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1866
Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain
Scrapped locomotives
Freight locomotives
Through colour render. Through colour render is a sand/cement/lime based render that is made from White Portland cement (WOPC) and added pigment to produce a coloured effect that is throughout the body of the material.  The pigment is preblended into the product as part of the manufacturing process to produce a prebagged product.  Another name for these type of materials is monocouche renders.

Various mix designs can be produced in renders according to the published Code of Practice for External Renderings, BS5262 1991.  The through colour render market within Europe produces a class 3 mix design as per the Code of Practice by the manufacturing companies listed below;

Painting materials
LWR (disambiguation). LWR is the light water reactor, a reactor used to generate nuclear power.

LWR may also refer to:

Organisations
 Livestock water recycling, a Canadian environmental company
 Lincolnshire Wolds Railway, a heritage railway in Lincolnshire, England
 Lutheran World Relief, an international organization specializing in international development and disaster relief

Other uses
 Locally weighted regression, in statistics
 London Weekend Radio, a former pirate radio station from London, England
 Long Way Round, a British television series documenting a motorcycle journey of Ewan McGregor and Charley Boorman
 Laser warning receiver, a military system used to detect laser emission of weapon guidance systems and laser rangefinders
 learning with rounding, a computational problem, a variant of learning with errors (LWE)

See also
 Longwave (disambiguation), longwave radiation
Dialogue-Assisted Visual Environment for Geoinformation. The Dialogue-Assisted Visual Environment for Geoinformation (DAVE_G) is an interface to the GIS system that allows people to use gestures and voice commands to retrieve maps. It is being developed by researchers from Pennsylvania State University. The interface is still in its prototype stage but the first generation of the software can already zoom into an area requested by the user, as well as display information about local landmarks, hospitals, emergency shelters, and flooded areas. The software currently uses text displayed on a terminal to respond to users' input or to ask for confirmation, but eventually it is planned to use speech to respond. , the team of researchers who developed DAVE_G were preparing a demonstration of the system for the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey that would help the agency to deal with spills of oil or hazardous chemicals.

References 

GIS software
Herbert Saffir. Herbert Seymour Saffir (29 March 1917 – 21 November 2007) () was an American civil engineer who co-developed (with meteorologist Robert Simpson) the Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale for measuring the intensity of hurricanes. As recently as 2005 Saffir was the principal of Saffir Engineering in Coral Gables, Florida. He also published articles on designing buildings for high wind resistance.

Education and early career
Originally from Brooklyn, Saffir graduated from the Georgia Institute of Technology in 1940 with a B.S. in civil engineering. Saffir worked for Dade County, Florida beginning in 1947 as an assistant county engineer, and worked on updating the county building code. Since that time, he had traveled extensively to study windstorm damage for clues to improvements and has been a tireless advocate for stricter codes in hurricane-prone areas.

Later career 
In 1965 Saffir was working on a study of windstorm damage on low-cost housing commissioned by the United Nations (UN), Saffir developed a scale to categorize the intensity of hurricanes by their maximum wind speed. In 1969, his friend Bob Simpson, then-director of the National Hurricane Center (NHC), added information on the potential storm surge and range of central pressures for each category, resulting in what later became known as the Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale.

Saffir survived the burning of the cruise ship  on 8 September 1934. The ship was en route from Havana to New York when it caught fire and burned, killing a total of 137 passengers and crew members.

On 21 November 2007 Herbert Saffir died of a heart attack at South Miami Hospital in Miami according to his son, Richard Saffir. He was 90 years old.

See also
 Hurricane engineering
 Structural engineering
 Wind engineering

References

External links
 Obituary in The Times, 29 November 2007

1917 births
2007 deaths
Georgia Tech alumni
Scientists from Brooklyn
American civil engineers
Engineers from New York City
20th-century American engineers
Heat torch. A heat torch is a tool or device that is used to heat up a substance quickly, whether it is air, metal, plastic, or other materials. Heat torches typically provide a way to quickly heat a concentrated area of material for uses such as molding, metallurgy, hardening, and solidification.

Uses

Medical industry
Heat torches can be found in various medical instruments such as blood analyzers. In one application, a heat torch was installed inside a blood analyzer to make film cuvettes in real time, allowing blood to be stored and tested on board the instrument.

Jewelry making (lapidary)
Commonly referred to as a soldering torch, heat torches used in jewelry making are often fueled by butane, propane, MAPP gas, or a mixture of propane and oxygen. Heat torches are more effective at working with certain metals, such as sterling, gold, and copper, because they are able to heat these metals to a higher degree than traditional soldering irons and soldering guns.

Manufacturing and industry
Heat torches have a wide range of use in manufacturing industries such as high-capacity staking, curing, drying, heat-shrinking, air heaters, sterilization, adhesive activation, air scrubbing and air knives.

Construction
Specialized plasma heat torches can be used in construction to heat up soil, a technique that has proven to be useful for providing more solid footing for buildings and structures. This is still a developing technology, but has proven to be successful in prototype testing.

See also
 Blow torch

References

Tools
F24. F24 may refer to:

Vehicle 
Aircraft
 Douglas A-24, an American carrier-based aircraft
 Fairchild 24, an American high-wing aircraft
 Fokker F.XXIV, a Dutch passenger airliner
 Supermarine Spitfire F.24, a British aircraft

Ships and boats
 , a Mariscal Sucre-class frigate of the Venezuelan Navy
 Farrier F-24, an American trimaran boat
 , a frigate of the Royal Malaysian Navy
 , a Tribal-class destroyer of the Royal Navy

Other uses 
 F24 camera, a British aerial reconnaissance camera
 Fluorine-24 (24F), an isotope of fluorine
 France 24, an international news and current affairs television channel