omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Variable shunt reactor. Variable shunt reactors are used in high voltage energy transmission systems to stabilize the voltage during load variations. A traditional shunt reactor has a fixed rating and is either connected to the power line all the time or switched in and out depending on the load. Recently  variable shunt reactors (VSRs) have been developed and introduced on the market. The rating of a VSR can be changed in steps: the maximum regulation range depends on the capability of the on-load tap changer used in combination with the regulation winding used for the shunt reactor. The maximum regulation range has increased over the years, from 50%, up to 80% at some voltage levels. VSRs are considered technically advanced products and are mainly supplied by larger global manufacturers.

Advantages
The variability brings several benefits compared to a traditional fixed shunt reactors. The VSR can continuously compensate reactive power as the load varies and thereby stabilise the voltage. Other important benefits are:
 reduced voltage jumps resulting from switching in and out a traditional fixed shunt reactor
 flexibility for future variation in load and generation patterns
 improved interaction with other transmission equipment and systems such as coarse tuning of SVC equipment
 limiting the footprint of a substation: if parallel, fixed shunt reactors can be replaced with one VSR
 a VSR can be used as a flexible spare unit and be moved to other locations in the power grid if needed
 mitigation of zero-miss phenomenon, while energisation of long power lines and cables

References

External links
 http://www05.abb.com/global/scot/scot252.nsf/veritydisplay/dadf3c1d27681cc48525775400608bb5/$file/1zse954001-21_vsr_pamphlet.pdf
 http://www.getra.it/default.php?mcat=azi&cod=casehistory&scod=casepower&id=320
 http://www.swedishneutral.se/main.php?name=shunt_reactor

Electric power transmission
Merdith W. B. Temple. Major General Merdith Wyndham Bolling "Bo" Temple (July 8, 1953 – November 1, 2020) was a senior officer of the United States Army who served as the Acting Chief of Engineers and Acting Commanding General of the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) from 2011 to 2012. He previously served as Deputy Chief of Engineers and Deputy Commanding General.

Early life and career
Merdith Wyndham Bolling Temple was born in Richmond, Virginia, on July 8, 1953. He graduated from the Virginia Military Institute with a bachelor's degree in civil engineering and Texas A&M University with a master's degree in civil engineering. Commissioned into the United States Army in 1975, he served in operational engineering commands in Korea, the U.S., and Germany before commanding the 307th Engineer Battalion. He commanded the 20th Engineer Brigade (Combat) (Airborne) at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, from 1998 to 2000. He died of cancer on November 1, 2020, at home in Richmond, Virginia.

Selected works

References

External links

 

1953 births
2020 deaths
20th-century American non-fiction writers
21st-century American non-fiction writers
American male non-fiction writers
American military engineers
American military writers
Deaths from cancer in Virginia
Military personnel from Richmond, Virginia
Military personnel of the Cold War
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
Texas A&M University alumni
United States Army Command and General Staff College alumni
United States Army Corps of Engineers Chiefs of Engineers
United States Army generals
United States Army personnel of the Gulf War
United States Army War College alumni
Virginia Military Institute alumni
Writers from Virginia
Ampelmann system. The Ampelmann system is an offshore personnel transfer system which was founded in 2008 as a spin-off of the Delft University of Technology. The motion compensation platform allows access from a moving vessel to offshore structures, even in high wave conditions. transferring offshore crew from various types of vessels to offshore oil & gas platforms, offshore turbines and all other fixed and floating structures at sea.

Ampelmann technology

Accessing any offshore structure can be problematic due to the movement of a vessel compared to the structure. The Ampelmann eliminates any relative motion by taking instant measurements of the ship’s motions and then compensating movement using a Stewart platform. This means that the top of the Ampelmann remains completely stationary compared to the structure. The offshore gangway can then be extended towards the structure, so all personnel can walk to work offshore safely, even in high wave conditions. The system operates at maximum windspeed of 20 m/s or 38 knots. 

Besides transferring people, the system can also be used for cargo transfer up to 1000kg.

Clients

The customers that use this system are mainly operating in the offshore oil & gas industry and the offshore wind industry. They use the system to enable their employees to perform maintenance on offshore wind turbines or to work on an offshore oil rig. Both market segments are growing in a rapid pace. The offshore wind sector, for example, has grown 54% in 2009. This growth has mainly been caused by the shift to more sustainable forms of energy generation by governments all over the world. 

The customer relation of Ampelmann is only business-to-business (B2B). Platforms are usually owned by private companies, whereas wind parks are always run by private companies. There is no agent of independent status between Ampelmann and the user of the system.

External links

 PhD thesis
Google Patents
Offshore Access

References

Offshore engineering
Novel Air Concept. The Novel Air Concept was a "Capability Vision", an initiative of the British Ministry of Defence to stimulate innovative solutions to long-term defence challenges that may lead to a future capability. This concept, announced in 2009, is for an autonomous UAV which would be able to hover like a helicopter or fold its rotor blades and fly as an aeroplane. The NAC would be able to operate within "urban canyons" and be a test platform for new weapons such as microwave or laser guns.

Specification
The MoD states the Novel Air Concept will be "a reusable uninhabited air system with a radius of action of 1000km and able to survive defended air space. The vehicle is capable of being launched and recovered from land sea and air with the emphasis on ship based operations, and is to be able to operate within the urban canyons inherent in the major city landscape."

See also
Future of the Royal Air Force
BAE Systems Taranis

References

Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)
Rensselaer RP-2. The Rensselaer RP-2 (for Rensselaer Polytechnic design 2) is an American mid-wing, single-seat glider that was designed by Steven J. Winckler and produced by the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute of Troy, New York.

Design and development
The RP-2 was the second aircraft in Rensselaer's Composite Aircraft Program and first flew in 1985.

The aircraft is of mixed construction, made from carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer, Kevlar and fiberglass. Its  span wing employs a Boeing 80-163 airfoil and features split flaps. The aircraft weighs just  empty. The landing gear consists of a conventional glider-style monowheel. The aircraft achieved a 29:1 glide ratio.

Operational history
Initially registered with the Federal Aviation Administration in the Experimental - Amateur-built category, by August 2011 the sole RP-2 built had been removed from the registry.

Specifications (RP-2)

See also

References

1980s United States sailplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1985
Mid-wing aircraft
Rensselaer RP-3. The Rensselaer RP-3 (for Rensselaer Polytechnic design 3) is an American mid-wing, T-tailed single-seat, glider that was designed by Brian E. Thompson and produced by the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute of Troy, New York.  It first flew in 1998.

Design and development
The RP-3 was the third aircraft design in Rensselaer's Composite Aircraft Program and was completed in 1998.

The aircraft is of composite construction. Its  span wing employs a Wortmann FX-67-K170/17 airfoil and features split flaps. The landing gear is a retractable monowheel, with an auxiliary tailwheel. The aircraft is considerably larger and heavier than its predecessors, the RP-1 and RP-2, with an empty weight of  and a gross weight of . Despite its large wingspan the RP-3 achieved only a 32:1 glide ratio.

Only one RP-3 was built and it was registered with the Federal Aviation Administration in the Experimental - Amateur-built category.

Aircraft on display
New York State Museum

Specifications (RP-3)

See also

References

External links
Photo of the RP-3 in the NY State Museum

1990s United States sailplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1998
T-tail aircraft
Mid-wing aircraft
Rösche. A Rösche is a German mining term that refers inter alia to a gullet (Wasserseige), a trench for draining water in the lower part of a mine gallery. In order to keep the actual gallery entrance (Stollenmundloch) free and guard against backflooding the Röschen were, in many cases, extended to below the entrance or led even further away, underground, to the nearest stream or river.

By contrast the term Rösche was also used to describe the channels or "leats" through which the driving water for mining equipment was led into the pit (Aufschlagrösche or driving water leats) or out of the pit (Abfallrösche or drainage leats). Unlike a gallery, a leat will have a gentle incline into the pit.

Also referred to as a Rösche are the tunnel-like sections of mining ditch (Kunstgraben) systems. These are not underground structures. In the Harz Mountains of Germany such a tunnel is also known as a Wasserlauf. See Upper Harz Water Tunnels.

A recess in the stowage for the extraction of ventilation in mining is called a Wetter-Rösche.

References 

Water management in mining
Pitts Model 12. The Pitts Model 12 (also known by its nicknames "Bolshoi," "Macho Stinker," and "Pitts Monster"[1]) is a high-performance)  aerobatic biplane designed around the Vedeneyev M14P/PF Russian engine. The aircraft can be built from plans or as a kit plane, or bought ready-to-fly from the factory.

Design and development
The Pitts Model 12 was designed by Curtis Pitts starting in 1993. Pitts presented his completed design on his 80th birthday in December 1995.

The Pitts Model 12 is a biplane built using fabric covered welded steel tubing for the fuselage, and fabric covered wings with wood spars. The leading edge is made of formed plywood. The landing gear is solid aluminum.

Operational history
, 59 examples had been completed and flown.

Variants
There are several model variants:

Plans built
HP model - kit
Model 12S - factory built
A single-place variant called "The Beast" constructed by Jim Kimball

Specifications (Pitts Model 12)

References

External links

Homebuilt aircraft
Pitts aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Aerobatic aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Aircraft first flown in 1996
Single-engined piston aircraft
MV American Integrity. MV American Integrity is a ship built in 1978 by Bay Shipbuilding Company in Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin. She is one of the thirteen 1,000 footers in the Great Lakes laker fleet. She was originally built as Lewis Wilson Foy and was renamed Oglebay Norton in 1991. She was renamed again after the sale to American Steamship Company in June, 2006.  On September 24, 2017 the American Integrity broke the all-time record for the largest load through the Soo Locks with 75,095 tons of iron ore beating the record held for the last two weeks by the Edwin H. Gott. She was loaded to a draft of 29 ft 7 in on her way to Indiana Harbor.

Her overall length is 1000 feet, beam is 105 feet and depth 56 feet. She is able to unload 10,000 tons/hour. She has 7 cargo holds and 37 hatches. She has 14,000 horsepower and 2 propellers.

References

External links 

 https://www.americansteamship.com/fleet-and-operations/fleet/m-v-american-integrity/

1978 ships
Great Lakes freighters
Ships built in Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin
Merchant ships of the United States
Anteros Coachworks. Anteros Coachworks Inc. is an American sports car manufacturer based in California. The company was established in 2005 by Roger Hector.

The Anteros sports car is based on the C6 Corvette and equipped with a supercharged LS2 engine with over 500 horsepower. It was built at the company’s California-based facility from 2006 to 2009, with a production cost of $149,500 per unit.

References

Car manufacturers of the United States
Motor vehicle manufacturers based in California
Manufacturing companies based in San Jose, California
2005 establishments in California
American companies established in 2005
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 2005
Sports car manufacturers
List of Soviet straight-winged jet fighters. The earliest Soviet jet fighters were all straight-winged as the aerodynamic benefits of swept wings at transonic speeds was not yet appreciated for several years after the end of World War II when these fighters were designed.

 Alekseyev I-21
 Alekseyev I-212
 Lavochkin La-150 
 Lavochkin La-152 
Lavochkin La-154
 Lavochkin La-156
 Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-9
 Sukhoi Su-9 (1946)
 Sukhoi Su-11 (1947)
Sukhoi Su-13
 Yakovlev Yak-15 
 Yakovlev Yak-17 
 Yakovlev Yak-19
 Yakovlev Yak-23  
 Yakovlev Yak-25 (1947)

Soviet Union, List of straight-winged jet fighters of
Aircraft
Soviet military aircraft
Eigensystem realization algorithm. The Eigensystem realization algorithm (ERA) is a system identification technique popular in civil engineering, in particular in structural health monitoring.  ERA can be used as a modal analysis technique and generates a system realization using the time domain response (multi-)input and (multi-)output data.  The ERA was proposed by Juang and Pappa  and has been used for system identification of aerospace structures such as the Galileo spacecraft, turbines, civil structures  and many other type of systems.

Uses in structural engineering

In structural engineering the ERA is used to identify natural frequencies, mode shapes and damping ratios.  The ERA is commonly used in conjunction with the Natural Excitation Technique (NExT) to identify modal parameters from ambient vibration.  The technique has been applied to buildings, bridges, and many other type of structural systems.  In the area of structural health monitoring the ERA and other modal identification techniques play an important role in developing a model of the structure from experimental data.  The state space representation, or the modal parameters are used for further analysis and identify possible damage in structures.

Algorithm
It is recommended to review the concepts of State-space representation and vibration before studying the ERA.  Given pulse response data form the Hankel matrix
 
where  is the  pulse response at time step .  Next, perform a singular value decomposition of , i.e. .  Then choose only the rows and columns corresponding to physical modes to form the matrices .  Then the discrete time system realization can be given by:
 
 
 
To generate the system states  where  is the matrix of eigenvectors for .

Example 

Consider a single degree of freedom (SDOF) system with stiffness , mass , and damping .  The equation of motion for this SDOF is

where  is the displacement of the mass and  is time.  The continuous state-space representation of this system is

where  represent the states of the system corresponding to the displacement  and velocity  of the SDOF.  Note that the states are usually denoted by .  However, here  is used for the SDOF displacement.

See also 
 Frequency domain decomposition
 Stochastic subspace identification
 ERA/DC

References

Systems theory
Michael Shelley (mathematician). Michael J. Shelley (born August 17, 1959) is an American applied mathematician who works on the modeling and simulation of complex systems arising in physics and biology. This has included free-boundary problems in fluids and materials science, singularity formation in partial differential equations, modeling visual perception in the primary visual cortex, dynamics of complex and active fluids, cellular biophysics, and fluid-structure interaction problems such as the flapping of flags, stream-lining in nature, and flapping flight. He is also the co-founder and co-director of the Courant Institute's Applied Mathematics Lab.

Shelley was born in La Junta, Colorado. He holds a BA in Mathematics from the University of Colorado (1981) and a PhD in Applied Mathematics from the University of Arizona (1985). He was a postdoctoral researcher at Princeton University, and then joined the faculty of mathematics at the University of Chicago. In 1992 he joined the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences at New York University where he is the George and Lilian Lyttle Professor of Applied Mathematics as well as Professor of Neuroscience (NYU) and Professor of Mechanical Engineering (NYU-Tandon). In 2016 he also became a senior research scientist and group leader in biophysical modeling at the Center for Computational Biology (CCB) of the Flatiron Institute, a division of the Simons Foundation. In 2019 he was appointed Director of CCB.

Honors 
 1983 NASA Computational Fluid Dynamics Fellowship
 1989 National Science Foundation Mathematical Sciences Postdoctoral Fellowship
 1991 National Science Foundation Presidential Young Investigator
 1998 Francois Frenkiel Award of the American Physical Society
 2001 Distinguished Chair of the Pacific Institute of Mathematical Sciences
 2006 The Richard C. DiPrima Lecture, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
 2006 Julian Cole Lectureship, Society of Industrial and Applied Mathematics
 2007 Appointed the Lilian and George Lyttle Professor of Applied Mathematics, Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, NYU
 2007 Elected Fellow of the American Physical Society
 2009 Inaugural Fellow of the Society of Industrial and Applied Mathematics
 2012 The Librescu Memorial Lecture, Virginia Tech College of Engineering
 2014 The Pelz Memorial Lecture, Rutgers University, Mechanical Engineering
 2015 The AMSI-ANZIAM Lecturer, Australia
 2015 Plenary Speaker, National Meeting of the Australian Mathematical Society
 2017 The Reiss Memorial Lectures, University of Delaware
 2019 Elected Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
 2022 Elected Member of the National Academy of Sciences

References

External links 
 

1959 births
Living people
20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
Polytechnic Institute of New York University faculty
Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences faculty
People from La Junta, Colorado
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Carlo Catani. Carlo Giorgio Domenico Enrico Catani (22 April 1852 – 20 July 1918) was a civil engineer who, for the majority of his career, worked in Australia for the Victorian State Government.

He was born in Florence, Italy, and gained a civil engineering diploma at the Technical Institute there. After working in railway construction, he migrated to New Zealand in 1876, but left for Melbourne almost immediately. Within a few weeks, he joined the Victorian Department of Crown Lands and Survey as a draughtsman. In 1882, he transferred to the Public Works Department, and became head of his section in 1892.

Catani oversaw many civil engineering projects, including:
the draining of the Koo-Wee-Rup swamp
the widening and improvement of the Yarra River upstream from Princes Bridge, Alexandra Avenue and the laying out and planting of the Alexandra Gardens
the making of roads to Arthurs Seat and to Mount Donna Buang
the construction of the Elwood Canal
the construction of Murray River levees in the Strathmerton district
the construction of Lake Catani on Mount Buffalo
the reclamation and the layout of the St Kilda foreshore.

Personal life
In May 1886, Catani married 26-year-old Cathrine Hanley, the daughter of a Belfast (Port Fairy) farmer. The couple had three daughters and three sons, one of whom was killed in action in World War I. He was naturalised on 15 March 1892.

Legacy
The township of Catani, Victoria, Lake Catani at Mount Buffalo, and Catani Gardens in the suburb of St. Kilda, are named after him.

References

1852 births
1918 deaths
Engineers from Melbourne
Australian civil engineers
Engineers from Florence
Italian civil engineers
Italian expatriates in Australia
Health and usage monitoring systems. Health and usage monitoring systems (HUMS) is a generic term given to activities that utilize data collection and analysis techniques to help ensure availability, reliability and safety of vehicles. Activities similar to, or sometimes used interchangeably with, HUMS include condition-based maintenance (CBM) and operational data recording (ODR). This term HUMS is often used in reference to airborne craft and in particular rotor-craft – the term is cited as being introduced by the offshore oil industry after a commercial Chinook crashed in the North Sea, killing all but one passenger and one crew member in 1986.

HUMS technology and regulation continues to be developed.

HUMS are now used not only for safety but for a number of other reasons including 

 Maintenance: reduced mission aborts, fewer instances of aircraft on ground (AOG), simplified logistics for fleet deployment
 Cost: “maintain as you fly” maintenance flights are not required. Performing repairs when the damage is minor increases the aircraft mean time before failure (MTBF) and decreases the mean time to repair (MTTR)
 Operational: improved flight safety, mission reliability and effectiveness
 Performance: improved aircraft performance and reduced fuel consumption

Recent advances in the technology include predictive algorithms providing Remaining Useful Life estimates of components and automated wireless data transfer from the aircraft via WiFi or Cellular.

References

External links 
 United Electronic Industries 
 BAE Systems 
 GE Aviation 
 GPMS Foresight 

Maintenance
Medium Energy Ion Scattering Facility. The Medium Energy Ion Scattering facility (MEIS) is a major physics research facility based at The University of Huddersfield in West Yorkshire, England, previously located at Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) Daresbury Laboratory. The ion spectrometer provides industry and research scientists with a method for analysing surfaces using a positively charged beam on ions between 50 and 270 thousand electronvolts. This technique is particularly applicable to investigating crystalline structures and enables the structural arrangement, atomic mass and other details to be explored.

References

External links 
 University of Huddersfield - MEIS Facility

Laboratories in the United Kingdom
Physics laboratories
Research institutes in West Yorkshire
Science and Technology Facilities Council
University of Huddersfield
Edgar Ritchie (engineer). Edgar Gowar Ritchie (15 July 1871 – 23 July 1956) was an Australian hydraulic engineer who worked for the Melbourne & Metropolitan Board of Works for the majority of his career. He was the engineer of water supply from 1908 until his retirement in 1936. In this role he was responsible for the construction of the Maroondah, O'Shannassy and Silvan reservoirs and their associated aqueducts. In 1943, Ritchie was awarded the Peter Nicol Russell Memorial Medal from the Institution of Engineers Australia.

References

1871 births
1956 deaths
Engineers from Melbourne
Australian civil engineers
People from Kew, Victoria