omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Ewald Rohlfs. Ewald Rohlfs (1911 Bremen, Germany1984) was a test pilot. 

In June 1936 Rohlfs made the first flight of a helicopter, the Focke-Wulf Fw 61. One year later he took the helicopter to an altitude of 1,130 feet (344 m) and then idled the engine, using its spinning rotors to descend safely to the ground.

References

1911 births
1984 deaths
German test pilots
Eemshaven. Eemshaven (; ) is a seaport in the province of Groningen in the north of the Netherlands. 
In 1968, the Dutch government declared the Ems estuary (Eemsmond) to be an economic key region. One of the key developments for the region was the construction of a seaport called Eemshaven. The port was officially opened by  Queen Juliana in 1973. Industry and shipping were slow to develop at the site.

In 2013, a ferry service connects to the German island of Borkum. A ferry service to Rosyth, Scotland, was to start by late October 2019. The plan was officially abandoned in 2020.

A number of power plants operate at the site. Both Electrabel and NUON operate a gas-fired power plant there while RWE Innogy operates a wind farm at the site. RWE is operating a coal-fired plant.

The static inverter station of HVDC NorNed is situated at Eemshaven. One endpoint of the COBRAcable HVDC transmission line to Esbjerg, Denmark is also planned to be built here.

Eemshaven is the landfall point for a high-speed transatlantic fiber-optic cable that connects the U.S. and Europe.

Google data center 
On 23 September 2014, Google announced that it plans to spend $773 million building a data center. Since 2022 this datacenter is up and running.

Ferry Eemshaven - Kristiansand 
The ferry connection from Eemshaven to Kristiansand started April 2022 the 2020 founded cruise-ferry company Holland Norway Lines operated one ship, the MS Romantika on a route between Eemshaven and Kristiansand. The charter of the ship was announced on 1 November 2021, and was due to last three years with two one-year extensions. This route has now closed and the MS Romantika is moored at Emden in Germany.

Gallery

See also
Holland Norway Lines

References

External links 

 

Transport in Het Hogeland
Germany–Netherlands border crossings
Ports and harbours of the Netherlands
Ports and harbours of the North Sea
Articles containing video clips
1973 establishments in the Netherlands
UE. UE or Ue may refer to:

Business
 Transeuropean Airlines's IATA airline designator
 Ultimate Ears, a manufacturer based in Irvine, California
 Union Electric Company, a defunct utility company
 United Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers of America, a trade union
 United Envirotech, a company based in Singapore
 Universal Edition, a music publisher

Computing
 Unreal Engine, a 3D game engine developed by Epic Games
 User equipment, a term used in telecommunications systems

Education
 University of Evansville, a university in Indiana, United States
 University of Education, a university in Pakistan
 University of the East, a university in the Philippines

Language
 Ue (digraph), a digraph used in some writing systems
 Ue, the digraph used to represent Ü
 Ue (Cyrillic), a letter in the Cyrillic alphabet

Other uses
 German Type UE I submarine of WWI
 German Type UE II submarine of WWI
 United Empire Loyalists' post-nominal letters
 Urban exploration
 Use of English, a subject in the Hong Kong Advanced Level Examination

See also
 German Type UE submarine (disambiguation)
Aichi Kokuki. was a Japanese aerospace manufacturer which produced several designs for the Imperial Japanese Navy. After the war, the company was reorganized as Aichi Machine Industry Co., Ltd (愛知機械工業) where they made small kei cars until 1966 when they were integrated into Nissan and developed the Nissan Sunny and Nissan Vanette.

History

Aichi Watch and Electric Manufacturing
The company was established in 1898 in Nagoya as Aichi Tokei Denki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha (Aichi Watch and Electric Manufacturing Co., Ltd.). Aircraft production started in 1920, and the company relied initially on technical assistance from Heinkel, which influenced some of their designs. Later, with the prodding and support of the Imperial Japanese Navy, the company started making seaplanes using technology imported from Short Brothers in the UK.

During the inter-war period, Aichi was the beneficiary of technology transferred from Heinkel of Germany. At the time, a team from the League of Nations occasionally visited German aircraft manufacturers to monitor the ban on military aircraft research and production. A Japanese military attache who was a member of the monitoring team, let Heinkel know, confidentially and in advance, of the planned visits. Heinkel thus succeeded in continuing its design on the aircraft ordered by Aichi Aircraft without being spotted.

In 1943 the aircraft division was spun off as Aichi Kokuki Kabushiki Kaisha (Aichi Aircraft Co., Ltd.).

Aichi Machine Industry
After the war, the company was reorganized, manufacturing kei cars under the Cony brand name in Japan. Its current descendant, Aichi Kikai Kōgyō Kabushiki Kaisha (Aichi Machine Industry Co., Ltd.), is integrated with the Nissan corporate structure.

Products

Aircraft

Engines
Aichi AC-1 - 1929 experimental nine-cylinder radial engine
Aichi Atsuta (アツタ or 熱田) - licensed copy of the Daimler-Benz DB 601A inverted V12
Aichi Ha-70 - two Atsuta engines coupled together

Automotive

Nissan engines
Nissan A engine
HR15DE / HR16DE
CR12DE / CR14DE
QG13DE / QG15DE / QG16DE / QG18DE

Transmissions
FS6R31 - with synchronous control.
F30A / F50A / F70A
MFA60 / MFA80
W60A
FS5R30A
MRA70
GR6

Vehicles manufactured
 Nissan Cherry
 Nissan Sunny
 Nissan Vanette
 Nissan Serena (Largo)
 Cony Guppy, a two-seat microcar
 Cony 360 Wide, a cabover keitora/Microvan/minitruck
 , predecessor to Cony 360
 Cony 360 a passenger kei car

References

Footnotes

Notes

Bibliography

 Mikesh, Robert C. and Shorzoe Abe. Japanese Aircraft, 1910-1941. London: Putnam Aeronautical, 1990. .
 Odagiri, Hiroyuki. Technology and Industrial Development in Japan. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press, 1996. .

External links

 

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of Japan
Nissan
Manufacturing companies based in Nagoya
Defunct aircraft engine manufacturers of Japan
Erdemir. Ereğli Demir ve Çelik Fabrikaları T.A.Ş. is a Turkish steel producer.  The name is a contraction of the Turkish language Ereğli Demir ve Çelik Fabrikaları, which means "Ereğli Iron and Steel Factories". Erdemir occupies the 43rd place among the largest steel companies in the world and is also involved in coal in Turkey.

History
Erdemir, which began production in 1965, has a production capacity of 8.5  million tons/year of crude steel (2020 value). It is the largest iron and steel company in Turkey and was the only flat steel producer till January 2009. It produces plates, hot and cold-rolled sheet and tinplate.

Its main plant is located on an area of approximately  at Karadeniz Eregli, Zonguldak on the shore of the Black Sea. Erdemir operates a large seaport, the Port of Erdemir, to import and export materials.

Erdemir has Port of Erdemir also acquired the steel plant at İskenderun,  Hatay Province in southern Turkey.

Turkish Armed Forces Pension Fund (OYAK) acquired a 49.29% stake in Erdemir on 4 October 2005 for $2.77 billion in a televised auction, in which it outbid several major steel companies. The fund acquired 46.12% from the Turkish Privatization Administration (OIB) and it was also obliged to purchase an additional 3.17% stake from a Turkish bank.

See history of Erdemir Group since 1954.

Pollution 
Erdemir burns coal in Turkey. As an integrated steelworks, emissions are higher than steel produced at electric arc furnaces. Climate Trace estimates the plant emitted almost 5 million tonnes of carbon dioxide in 2022, more greenhouse gas than any other steelmaker in the country except İsdemir. However the company says they are moving towards net zero emissions.

List of 50 Projects 
The Turkish chamber of Civil engineers lists Erdemir as one of the fifty civil engineering feats in Turkey, a list of remarkable engineering projects realized after the declaration of the Turkish republic.

See also
List of steel producers
List of companies of Turkey
Erdemir SK, Basketball club of Erdemir
Port of Erdemir

References

External links
Erdemir official web site
Official Web Site of OYAK

Companies listed on the Istanbul Stock Exchange
Companies in the BIST 100
Steel companies of Turkey
Manufacturing companies established in 1967
Zonguldak Province
Port operating companies
Turkish companies established in 1967
Coal in Turkey
Blast furnaces in Turkey
Wen Tsing Chow. Wen Tsing Chow (; 1918–2001), was a Chinese-born American missile guidance scientist and a digital computer pioneer, known for the invention of programmable read-only memory or PROM.

Biography
Chow was born in Taiyuan, Shanxi in 1918. He received a B.S. in Electrical Engineering from National Chiao Tung University (now Shanghai Jiao Tong University) in 1940 and an M.S. in EE from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1942.

Chow, working for the Arma Division of the American Bosch Arma Corporation, pioneered the use of digital computers in missile, satellite and spacecraft guidance systems, leading the design of the United States Air Force Atlas E/F ICBM (Inter-Continental Ballistic Missile) all-inertial guidance system and guidance computer, the first production airborne digital computer. Mr. Chow personally formulated the design of the first all solid state, high reliability, space-borne digital computer and established the basic systems approach and mechanization of America's ICBM guidance systems.

Chow invented and holds a fundamental patent on what is now commonly known as programmable read-only memory or PROM. PROM, in the late 1950s called a "constants storage matrix," was invented for the Atlas E/F ICBM airborne digital computer.

He would continue working throughout the 1960s and early 1970s to develop and advance missile and spacecraft digital computers and guidance systems technology beyond the state of the art - working at the Aerospace Corporation in the Gemini and Minuteman programs and at IBM in the B-1, B-52, Saturn V and Skylab programs, and of course, in the development of the AP-101 digital computer used in the Space Shuttle Computer Complex.

Chow, uniquely, worked on the guidance computers and guidance systems for every major United States Air Force ICBM and NASA crewed space program from the very beginning with the Atlas, through Titan, Gemini, Saturn, and Skylab, to missiles and spacecraft still in service today, Minuteman and the Space Shuttle.

In 2004, the United States Air Force posthumously awarded Mr. Chow one of their highest awards, the Air Force Space and Missiles Pioneers Award, previously held by only 30 individuals. Chow is one of only a handful of civilians to receive this award and along with John von Neumann, one of only two computer scientists so honored.

References

External links 
 Air Force Space and Missiles Pioneer Citation for Wen Tsing Chow
 U. S. Patent 3,028,659 for key PROM technology 

1918 births
2001 deaths
Chinese emigrants to the United States
IBM employees
MIT School of Engineering alumni
National Chiao Tung University (Shanghai) alumni
American electrical engineers
Chinese electrical engineers
Scientists from Shanxi
People from Taiyuan
Missile guidance
20th-century American inventors
20th-century Chinese inventors
FTP server. An FTP server is computer software consisting of one or more programs that can execute commands given by remote client(s) such as receiving, sending, deleting files, creating or removing directories, etc. The software may run as a software component of a program, as a standalone program or even as one or more processes (in the background).

An FTP server plays the role of a server in a client–server model using the FTP and/or the FTPS and/or the SFTP network protocol(s).

An FTP server can also be intended as a computer that runs an FTP server program to host collections of files.  Big FTP sites can be run by many computers in order to be able to serve the desired maximum number of clients connected to servers.

A client program connects to an FTP server, then, unless anonymous access is enabled, it has to authenticate itself by sending username and password;  after that it can retrieve and/or send files to the server along with other operations (depending on user's privileges).

See also

 Server (computing)
 File Transfer Protocol
 Comparison of FTP server software packages

References

Servers (computing)
FTP server software
1991 in architecture. The year 1991 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings.

Buildings and structures

Buildings

 One Canada Square at Canary Wharf in London, designed by César Pelli & Associates, becomes the tallest building in the United Kingdom.
 Stansted Airport terminal building in Essex, England, designed by Norman Foster.
 Rebuilt Liverpool Street station in London, designed by Nick Derbyshire, is opened.
 The Tianjin Radio and Television Tower in Tianjin, China is completed.
 The Sainsbury Wing of the National Gallery in London, designed by Robert Venturi and Denise Scott Brown, is opened.
 Norwegian Glacier Museum in Fjærland, designed by Sverre Fehn, is built.
 Extended Brentwood Cathedral in England, designed by Quinlan Terry, is dedicated.
 University of Vaasa Palosaari stage 1 buildings, Finland, designed by Käpy and Simo Paavilainen.
 Key Tower in Cleveland, Ohio, United States is completed.
 The Messeturm in Frankfurt am Main, Germany is completed.
 QV.1 in Perth, Australia.
 TD Canada Trust Tower, Calgary in Calgary, Alberta
 Carnegie Hall Tower in Manhattan, New York, United States is completed.
 Bell Atlantic Tower in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States is completed.
 Bourke Place in Melbourne, Australia is completed.
 Melbourne Central Shopping Centre in Melbourne, Australia is completed.
 The Friedrich Clemens Gerke Tower in Cuxhaven, Lower Saxony, Germany is completed.
 The Guangzhou TV Tower in Guangzhou, China is completed.
 The West Tower of the Stardust Resort & Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada, United States is completed.
 101 Collins Street designed by architects Denton Corker Marshall is completed in Melbourne.
 "The Corns" residential towers, "1000 Years" housing estate, Katowice, Poland, designed by Henryk Buszko and Aleksander Franta, is completed.
 Team Disney Orlando, an office building in Lake Buena Vista, Florida, designed by Arata Isozaki.
 The Keeler House in Pacific Palisades, Los Angeles, designed by Ray Kappe. It was destroyed in the January 2025 Southern California wildfires.

Awards
AIA Gold Medal – Benjamin C. Thompson.
Architecture Firm Award – Zimmer Gunsul Frasca Architects.
Grand Prix de l'urbanisme – Jean Dellus.
Grand prix national de l'architecture – Christian Hauvette.
Praemium Imperiale Architecture Laureate – Gae Aulenti.
Pritzker Prize – Robert Venturi.
Prix de l'Académie d'Architecture de France – Norman Foster.
RAIA Gold Medal – Donald Bailey.
RIBA Royal Gold Medal – Colin Stansfield Smith.
Twenty-five Year Award – Sea Ranch Condominium One

Births

Deaths
 August 19 – Hans van der Laan, Dutch monk and architect (born 1904)

References

 
20th-century architecture
1985 in architecture. The year 1985 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings.

Events
The Inman Report is released, with major implications for the architecture of United States embassies.
International architectural firm Aedas is established by Keith Griffiths in Hong Kong as Hackett and Griffiths.

Buildings and structures

Buildings opened

January 15 – The Tashkent Tower in Tashkent, Uzbekistan begins operation after six years construction.
March 2 – Columbia Center (formerly the Bank of America Tower) in Seattle, Washington, United States.
June 4 – Farø Bridges, Denmark.
July 27 – The 63 Building officially opens as the tallest skyscraper outside North America in Yeouido, Seoul, South Korea.
August 10 – St. Paul's Cathedral, Abidjan, Ivory Coast, designed by Aldo Spirito, is consecrated by the Pope.
September 7 – The first concert is held at the Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre in Glasgow, Scotland.

Buildings completed
November 18 – HSBC Headquarters Building in Hong Kong.
Central State Museum of Kazakhstan.
 The Bank of America Plaza in Dallas, Texas, United States.
Several notable buildings in Manhattan, New York City, United States:
The first tower in the World Financial Center.
New York Marriott Marquis.
Tower 49.
 Amarin Plaza in Bangkok, designed by Rangsan Torsuwan.
 Pak Sha O Youth Hostel in Hong Kong, designed by Rocco Design Architects.
 Hundertwasserhaus in Vienna.
 The Sender Eifel-Bärbelkreuz in Hellenthal, Germany.
 Tyholttårnet in Trondheim, Norway.
 Calgary Municipal Building in Calgary
 Spiral in Tokyo, Japan.
 Mjøsa Bridge, Norway.
 Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall, Nanjing, China.
 Reconstruction of Basilica of St. Cunibert, Cologne, after bombing of Cologne in World War II.
 Thematic House (remodeled structure) by Charles Jencks, Terry Farrell, Michael Graves and others in Holland Park, Kensington, London, United Kingdom.

Awards
AIA Gold Medal – William Wayne Caudill (posthumous)
Alvar Aalto Medal – Tadao Ando
Architecture Firm Award – Venturi, Rauch and Scott Brown
Grand prix national de l'architecture – Michel Andrault and Pierre Parat
Pritzker Prize – Hans Hollein
RAIA Gold Medal – Richard Johnson
RIBA Royal Gold Medal – Richard Rogers
Twenty-five Year Award – General Motors Technical Center

Births

Deaths
September 30 – Herbert Bayer, Austrian and American graphic designer, painter, photographer, sculptor, art director, environmental and interior designer and architect (born 1900)
November 13 – William Pereira, American architect of Portuguese ancestry (born 1909)
November 22 – Gudolf Blakstad, Norwegian architect (born 1893)
Dewi-Prys Thomas, Welsh architect (born 1916)

References

 
20th-century architecture
Light-weight Linux distribution. A light-weight Linux distribution is a Linux distribution that uses lower memory and processor-speed requirements than a more "feature-rich" Linux distribution. The lower demands on hardware ideally result in a more responsive machine, and allow devices with fewer system resources (e.g. older or embedded hardware) to be used productively. The lower memory and processor-speed requirements are achieved by avoiding software bloat, i.e. by leaving out features that are perceived to have little or no practical use or advantage, or for which there is no or low demand.

The perceived weight of a Linux distribution is strongly influenced by the desktop environment included with that distribution. Accordingly, many Linux distributions offer a choice of editions. For example, Canonical hosts several variants ("flavors") of the Ubuntu distribution that include desktop environments other than the default GNOME or the deprecated Unity. These variants include the Xubuntu and Lubuntu distributions for the comparatively light-weight Xfce and LXDE / LXQt desktop environments.

The demands that a desktop environment places on a system may be seen in a comparison of the minimum system requirements of Ubuntu 10.10 and Lubuntu 10.10 desktop editions, where the only significant difference between the two was their desktop environment. Ubuntu 10.10 included the Unity desktop, which had minimum system requirements of a 2 GHz processor with 2 GB of RAM, while Lubuntu 10.10 included LXDE, which required at least a Pentium II with 128 MB of RAM.

Overview of some distributions

ArchBang – inspired by CrunchBang Linux but based on the Arch Linux distribution instead of Debian.
 DebianDog - Debian Live CD shaped after Puppy Linux. It is packaged with JWM and IceWM, or Openbox and Xfce. Debian structure and behaviour are untouched.
LinuxConsole - a lightweight system for old computers made to be easy for youth and casual users.
 MiniOS - a debian based live system with various Desktop Environments.
Parabola GNU/Linux-libre - an Arch-based lightweight system endorsed by the Free Software Foundation.
postmarketOS – a derivative of Alpine Linux designed primarily for smartphones
 Arch-based distros: Mabox, Archcraft, and Archman.

Comparison

See also

 Minimalism (computing)
 Software bloat
 Comparison of lightweight web browsers
 List of Linux distributions that run from RAM
 List of live CDs

References

Lightweight Unix-like systems
Light-weight Linux distributions
Bimetal. Bimetal refers to an object that is composed of two separate metals joined together. Instead of being a mixture of two or more metals, like alloys, bimetallic objects consist of layers of different metals. Trimetal and tetrametal refer to objects composed of three and four separate metals respectively. A bimetal bar is usually made of brass and iron.

Bimetallic strips and disks, which convert a temperature change into mechanical displacement, are the most recognized bimetallic objects due to their name. However, there are other common bimetallic objects. For example, tin cans consist of steel covered with tin. The tin prevents the can from rusting. To cut costs and prevent people from melting them down for their metal, coins are often composed of a cheap metal covered with a more expensive metal. For example, the United States penny was changed from 95% copper to 95% zinc, with a thin copper plating to retain its appearance. A common type of trimetallic object (before the all-aluminium can) was a tin-plated steel can with an aluminum lid with a pull tab. Making the lid out of aluminum allowed it to be pulled off by hand instead of using a can opener, but these cans proved difficult to recycle owing to their mix of metals.

Blades for bandsaws and reciprocating saws are often made with bimetal construction. The teeth, made of high-speed steel, are bonded (by various methods, for example, electron beam welding or laser beam welding) to the softer high-carbon steel base. Such construction makes for blades with a better combination of cutting speed and durability than shown by non-bimetal blades, because the advantages and disadvantages of each of the metals are applied in the best locations: the teeth are harder (and thus cut better), but therefore also brittler; meanwhile, the body area of the band is softer (which would make for poorer teeth), but also less brittle, and thus more resistant to cracking and breaking (which is desirable in the body area).

See also 

 Bimetallic strip
 Bimetallism
 Bi-metallic coin
 Thermocouple (electric)
 Copper-clad steel

References

Further reading 
 Thermal imaging with tapping mode using a bimetal oscillator formed at the end of a cantilever 
 Bimetal: Definition, Properties, and Applications
 Kanthal Thermostatic Bimetal
 Guide.pdf How Thermostatic Bimetal Works

 
Metallurgy
Composite materials