omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Center for Biological and Computational Learning. The Center for Biological & Computational Learning is a research lab at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

CBCL was established in 1992 with support from the National Science Foundation. It is based in the Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences at MIT, and is associated with the McGovern Institute for Brain Research, and the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory.

It was founded with the belief that learning is at the very core of the problem of intelligence, both biological and artificial. Learning is thus the gateway to understanding how the human brain works and for making intelligent machines. CBCL studies the problem of learning within a multidisciplinary approach. Its main goal is to nurture serious research on the mathematics, the engineering and the neuroscience of learning. 

Research is focused on the problem of learning in theory, engineering applications, and neuroscience.

In computational neuroscience, the center has developed a model of the ventral stream in the visual cortex which accounts for much of the physiological data, and psychophysical experiments in difficult object recognition tasks. The model performs at the level of the best computer vision systems.

See also
Tomaso Poggio director of CBCL

External links
The Center for Biological and Computational Learning (CBCL)
BBC: Visions of the Future  -  February 29, 2008 - This is part of the excellent BBC series entitled "visions of the future". This short clip (3min) here shows work performed at CBCL (MIT) about a computational neuroscience model of the ventral stream of the visual cortex. The story here focuses on recent work by Serre, Oliva and Poggio on comparing the performance of the model to human observers during a rapid object categorization task.
THE DISCOVERY CHANNEL  [Toronto, Canada] by Jennifer Scott (June 17, 2002): Video:Science, Lies & Videotape  -  Tony Ezzat and Tomaso Poggio. 
NBC TODAY SHOW with Katie Couric (May 20, 2002): Video:* (100 kbit/s) (300 kbit/s) - Tony Ezzat and Tomaso Poggio.

Neuroscience research centers in the United States
Massachusetts Institute of Technology research institutes
Research institutes in Massachusetts
Gallium indium arsenide antimonide phosphide. Gallium indium arsenide antimonide phosphide ( or GaInPAsSb) is a semiconductor material.

Research has shown that GaInAsSbP can be used in the manufacture of mid-infrared light-emitting diodes and thermophotovoltaic cells.

GaInAsSbP layers can be grown by heteroepitaxy on indium arsenide, gallium antimonide and other materials. The exact composition can be tuned in order to make it lattice matched. The presence of five elements in the alloy allows extra degrees of freedom, making it possible to fix the lattice constant while varying the bandgap. E.g. Ga0.92In0.08P0.05As0.08Sb0.87 is lattice matched to InAs.

See also
 Aluminium gallium phosphide
 Aluminium gallium indium phosphide
 Indium gallium arsenide phosphide
 Indium arsenide antimonide phosphide
 Indium gallium arsenide antimonide

References

III-V semiconductors
Gallium compounds
Indium compounds
Arsenides
Antimonides
Phosphides
III-V compounds
John Milsum. John H. Milsum (August 15, 1925 – November 9, 2008) was a Canadian control engineer who was Professor and first Director at the Biomedical Engineering Department of the McGill University in Montreal, and a professor at the University of British Columbia. Milsum is known for his  book "Biological Control Systems Analysis" from 1966, which is a classic in the field and has been translated into many languages.

Biography 
Milsum was born in England. He received his Ph.D. in 1957 in control engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

He started working at the National Research Council in Ottawa from 1950 to 1961. In 1961 he came to McGill as the first Abitibi professor of control engineering in the Department of Electrical Engineering. In 1972 Milsum moved to the University of British Columbia (UBC) to become the Imperial Oil professor of General Systems and a professor in the Department of Health Care and Epidemiology. He was instrumental in the creation of UBC's Institute of Health Promotion Research in 1990.

He was president of the International Society for the Systems Sciences in 1967-68. And he was a member of the National Research Council in Ottawa.

In 1986, he was bestowed the honour of Emeritus Member of the Canadian Medical and Biological Engineering Society.

Milsum died peacefully at home in 2008 November, at age 83.

Publications 
 1955. Preliminary investigation of transient cooling of aircraft electronic equipment using heat storage material. with William G. Nance.
 1957. Problems in optimizing of stochastically-disturbed, saturating regulators, employing a binary error criterion. Thesis Sc.D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering.
 1966. Biological Control Systems Analysis. McGraw Hill 
 1968. Positive Feedback. (editor) Pergamon Press Ltd.
 1984. Health, stress, and illness : a systems approach. New York : Praeger.

Articles:
 1972, "The Hierarchical Basis for Living Systems," in George J. Klir (ed.), Trends in General Systems Theory. New York. 1972.
 1973, "On Optimization of Health Care Systems". in: Optimization Techniques 1973: 335-346
 1973, "Hospital admission systems: their evaluation and management". with E. Turban and I. Vertinsky in: Management Science.
 1985, "A model of the eustress system for health/illness". in: Behavioral Science. Vol 30, Issue 4, Pages 179 - 186.

References

External links 
 History of biomedical engineering at McGill
  Memories of John Milsum

1924 births
2008 deaths
Control theorists
MIT School of Engineering alumni
Canadian systems scientists
Academic staff of the University of British Columbia
Academic staff of McGill University
British emigrants to Canada
British expatriates in the United States
Presidents of the International Society for the Systems Sciences
Trifluorotoluene. Trifluorotoluene is an organic compound with the formula of C6H5CF3.  This colorless fluorocarbon is used as a specialty solvent in organic synthesis and an intermediate in the production of pesticides and pharmaceuticals.

Synthesis
For small-scale laboratory preparations, trifluorotoluene is synthesized by coupling an aromatic halide and trifluoromethyl iodide in the presence of a copper catalyst:
PhX + CF3I → PhCF3 (where X = I, Br)

Industrial production is done by reacting benzotrichloride with hydrogen fluoride in a pressurized reactor.
PhCCl3 + 3 HF → PhCF3 + 3 HCl

Uses
Trifluorotoluene has a variety of niche uses.

Low toxicity alternative to dichloromethane
According to Ogawa and Curran, trifluorotoluene is similar to dichloromethane in standard acylation, tosylation, and silylation reactions. The dielectric constants for dichloromethane and trifluorotoluene are 9.04 and 9.18, respectively, indicating similar solvating properties. Dipole moments compare less favorably: 1.89 and 2.86 D for dichloromethane and trifluorotoluene, respectively. Replacing dichloromethane is advantageous when conditions require higher boiling solvents, since trifluorotoluene boils at 103 °C it has a higher boiling point than dichloromethane, which has a boiling point of ~40 °C.

As a solvent, trifluorotoluene is useful in mild Lewis-acid catalyzed reactions, such as the Friedel-Crafts preparations.  The most common catalyst, aluminium trichloride reacts with trifluorotoluene at room temperature; however, zinc chloride does not.

Synthetic intermediate
A second and perhaps more valuable use of trifluorotoluene is as a synthetic intermediate.  A derivative of trifluorotoluene, 3-aminobenzotrifluoride, is the precursor to the herbicide fluometuron.  It is synthesized via nitration followed by reduction to meta-H2NC6H4CF3.  This aniline is then converted to the urea. 

Flumetramide (6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]morpholin-3-one), a skeletal muscle relaxant, is also prepared from trifluorotoluene.

Analytics
Trifluorotoluene appears in 19F NMR as a singlet at -63.2 ppm.

References

Trifluoromethyl compounds
Phenyl compounds
Halogenated solvents
Aromatic solvents
Egypt Aviation Academy. Egyptian Aviation Academy (EAA) is an aviation training organisation that offers aviation programs for pilot, air traffic control, engineering and information technology training.

History 
Misr Flying Institute was established on 7 May 1932 under the name Misr Flying School by a Royal Decree that established the Misr Air Company, which later changed its name to EgyptAir. It was the duty of the new school to prepare pilots to fly Egypt Air aircraft and was based at Almaza airport (HEAZ). The high demand for this school encouraged Egypt Air to open a new school in Alexandria in July 1933.

On 22 November 1971 President of Egypt, Anwar Sadat, issued a republican decree for the establishment of the National Civil Aviation Training Organization (NCATO) and Misr Flying Institute was subordinated from Egypt Air to NCATO.
It is considered the first regional institute for training pilots in the field of Civil Aviation, not only in Egypt but in the Middle East.

The EAA has become a leading organisation in the field of regional and international Civil Aviation Training, providing its graduates an Egypt High Education Ministry recognised certificate.

Educational schools 
Egyptian Aviation Academy includes: 
 Misr Flying College
 Air Traffic Control College
 Aviation Engineering College

References

External links
 Egypt Aviation Academy
http://ncato.org/english/mfi/index.asp

Educational organisations based in Egypt
Aviation schools
NPSS. NPSS may refer to:

 IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society, a transnational group of about 3000 professional engineers and scientists
 Norman Park State School, a co-educational, state primary school in Norman Park, Queensland, Australia
 North Park Secondary School, a high school located in Brampton, Ontario, Canada
 Nottawasaga Pines Secondary School, a high school located in Angus, Ontario, Canada
 National Public Safety Solutions, a company located in Austin, Texas, United States
 Numerical Propulsion System Simulation, software usually used to analyze gas turbine engines
•   Netherlands Park Secondary School, numerous private schools in South Africa
Queen of the Netherlands (ship). Queen of the Netherlands is a Dutch trailing suction hopper dredger ship constructed in 1998. After lengthening in 2009, she was the largest and most powerful dredger in the world. The vessel has been used in high-profile salvage and dredging operations including the investigation into the Swissair Flight 111 crash and in the Port Phillip Channel Deepening Project. It has been called "the world's largest floating vacuum cleaner".

Capability 
The ship's dragheads are  wide and can dredge between  and  deep. The ship has three hopper discharge options of pumping ashore by pipeline, dumping through bottom doors or rainbowing. The ship has equipment to dredge almost any material; such as clay, silt, sand and rock. During the Swissair Flight 111 salvage operation, a mixture of sea water, silt and aircraft pieces was pumped out of the Atlantic Ocean. The ship assisted in the recovery of nearly 98% of the aircraft, with over  of aircraft and cargo pieces salvaged. The pump room onboard has two  dredge engines that can be used in series or in parallel with the vessels two  suction pipes or combined with a submerged outboard pump. The vessel also has three  jet water pumps that are used to agitate subsea material whilst trailing, collapse and liquify hopper cargo for pumping or degassing natural air pockets in the seabed using the Venturi effect.

Projects 
Queen of the Netherlands has worked on various projects in Singapore, Daya Bay in China, port construction in Busan South Korea, Dubai, the Port Phillip Channel Deepening Project in Australia and island creation / land reclamation The Maldives. She has a sister ship called Fairway, which, like Queen of the Netherlands was also lengthened for land reclamation projects in the Far East. The ship has caused controversy in Australia, sparking protests.

References

External links
Official Fact Sheet
Bert Visser's Directory of Dredgers

Dredgers
Ships of the Netherlands
1998 ships
Garbage Warrior. Garbage Warrior is a 2007 American film about architect Mike Reynolds, inventor of the Earthship style of building, directed by Oliver Hodge.

Plot
It follows Reynolds and how he developed the Earthship style of building and his struggle with the laws of Taos, New Mexico, the location of his experimental Earthship community, in order to be allowed to build homes that do not match the structures of local building codes.

The film concludes with a postscript showing Reynolds and his team of builders travelling to the Andaman Islands in the aftermath of the Boxing Day tsunami to assist the locals with disaster recovery and teaching them how to construct extremely low-cost earthships.

References

External links
 

Sustainable building
2007 films
Documentary films about architecture
2000s English-language films
Films set in New Mexico
Films set in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands
2000s American films
English-language documentary films
Riverside High School for Engineering and Design. Riverside High School for Engineering and Design, Yonkers' sixth public high school, opened to 9th grade students in September 2007. Also known as RED (Riverside Engineering and Design), the school aims to be environmentally friendly.

Its first graduating class was the class of 2011. The building was originally constructed in 1990 and opened in 1992 as Museum Middle School.

References 

Public high schools in Yonkers, New York
Brooks Seaplane Base. Brooks Seaplane Base  is a city-owned, public-use seaplane base located in the city of Coeur d'Alene, Kootenai County, Idaho, United States. It is located on Lake Coeur d'Alene.

Facilities and aircraft 
Brooks Seaplane Base has two landing areas designated 11/29 and 15/33, each measuring 15,000 x 2,000 feet (4,572 x 610 m). For the 12-month period ending September 27, 2006, the airport had 2,900 aircraft operations, an average of 242 per month: 59% general aviation and 41% air taxi.

Accidents and Incidents 
On July 5, 2020, two aircraft, a Cessna 206 and a de Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver collided over Lake Coeur d'Alene killing all eight aboard both planes. The de Havilland floatplane had originated from Brooks Seaplane Base and was carrying 48-year old professional golfer Sean Fredrickson and his three children on a seaplane tour. Fredrickson served as the president of the Pacific Northwest PGA Section.

See also
 List of airports in Idaho

References

External links 
Brooks Seaplane Base (S76) at Idaho Transportation Department

Airports in Idaho
Seaplane bases in the United States
Buildings and structures in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho
Transportation in Kootenai County, Idaho
Microactuator. A microactuator is a microscopic servomechanism that supplies and transmits a measured amount of energy for the operation of another mechanism or system. As a general actuator, following standards have to be met:
 Large travel
 High precision
 Fast switching
 Low power consumption
 Power free force sustainability
For microactuator, there are two in addition
 Microstructurability
 Integrability

Principle of microactuators
The basic principle can be described as the expression for mechanical work
 
since an actuator is to manipulate positions and therefore force is needed. For different kind of microactuators, different physical principles are applied.

Classes of microactuators
Electrostatic
Electromagnetic
Piezoelectric
Fluid
Thermal

See also
Newton's laws
Euler–Bernoulli beam equation
Electrostatics
Electromagnetism
Piezoelectricity
Microfluidics
Sensors
Nanotube nanomotor

Microtechnology
Actuators
Mitsubishi Ki-33. The  was an experimental monoplane fighter aircraft designed for the Japanese Imperial Army. Two prototypes flew in 1936 but the design never entered production.

Design and development
The Ki-33 was initially produced by Mitsubishi in response to Japanese army specifications for a fighter to replace the existing Kawasaki Ki-10 biplane. In mid-1935, Kawasaki, Mitsubishi and Nakajima were instructed to build competitive prototypes. Mitsubishi, preoccupied with refining the Ka-14 into the A5M fighter and adapting the G3M bomber for series production for the Imperial Japanese Navy, lacked sufficient design capacity to develop another fighter from scratch, and therefore submitted its earlier and unsuccessful Ki-18 design, with comparatively minor changes, as the Ki-18 had proven to be a good fighter aircraft and the reasons for its rejection were based on principles rather than quality. 

Labeled the Mitsubishi Ki-33, the modified design was powered by a Nakajima Ha-1-Ko engine rated at  at . An aft-sliding canopy was added, the aft fuselage decking was raised and the vertical tail surfaces were modified. The prototypes were completed during the early summer of 1936.
Service trials from November 1936 until the spring of 1937 proved that the Kawasaki Ki-28 was the fastest of the three contenders, but the Nakajima Ki-27 was by far the most maneuverable, and on this basis was selected by the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force.

Operators

 Imperial Japanese Army Air Force

Specifications

See also

References
Notes

Bibliography

Further reading
 Famous Airplanes of the World, second series, #24: Army Experimental Fighters. Tokyo: Bunrin-Do, September 1990.

External links

 Axis History Forum

Ki-033
Low-wing aircraft
Abandoned military aircraft projects of Japan
Ki-33, Mitsubishi
1930s Japanese experimental aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Microchannel (microtechnology). Microchannel in microtechnology is a channel with a hydraulic diameter below 1 mm, usually 1–99 μm. Microchannels are used in fluid control (see Microfluidics), heat transfer (see Micro heat exchanger) and cell migration observation. They are more efficient than their 'macro' counterparts, because of a high surface-area to volume ratio yet pose a multitude of challenges due to their small size.

Materials 
Different types of materials are required for the different uses of microchannels. These are the three main categories.

Polymeric and glass substrates 
polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is used as a solution to a wide range of microfluidic devices due to its low cost and easier fabricating methods. Silicon elastomers can be used for situations in which elasticity and deformation is necessary.

Metallic substrates 
Metallic substrates are often chosen for their advantageous metallic properties, such as withstanding high temperatures and transferring heat faster. They can be subject to corrosion.

Semiconductors, ceramics and composites 
Ceramic materials allow for high-temperature operation in comparison to metallic substrates and enable operation in harsh chemical environments in which metals cannot be used.

History 
The concept of the microchannel was proposed for the first time by researchers Tuckerman and Pease of Stanford Electronics Laboratories in 1981. They suggested an effective method for designing microchannels in the laminar and fully developed flow.

Common uses 
Microchannels are extensively used in the pharmaceuticals, and biochemical industries due to short diffusion distances, higher interfacial area, and higher heat/mass transfer rates.

See also 

 Micro process engineering
 Microreactor

Sources 

Microtechnology
Microfluidics
Fowler's Mill. Fowler's Mill  was a horizontal windmill erected at Battersea, Surrey (now in London), England in 1788 and which ceased to work by wind c. 1825.

History

Fowler's Mill was built in the grounds of the partly demolished Bolingbroke House in 1788 by Thomas Fowler to a design of Stephen Hooper. It worked by wind until 1825, when the windmill was dismantled, leaving the substructure, which was used for milling as late as 1882. Initially it was used to produce linseed oil, but was later used to grind malt for a distillery. The mill was supplemented by a steam engine, and Pitt the Younger is said to have shown great interest in the whole enterprise. The windmill was dismantled in 1825 as the cost of maintenance was too high. The building that the windmill was mounted on continued in use as a steam-powered mill until at least 1882.

Description
Fowler's Mill had a three-storey base, which was  diameter at the ground and  diameter at the top of the  high walls. The windmill was mounted on top of this structure, it was a twelve sided structure some  tall, giving an overall height of some  overall. There were ninety-six sails (called floats), with the same number of shutters in the mill body which could be opened or closed to allow a flow of air through one half of the diameter of the structure. The mill drove six pairs of millstones. In height, it compared well with Southtown Windmill, Great Yarmouth, which was one of the tallest windmills in England at  in height.

Millers
Hodgson & Co.
Dives

References

External links

Horizontal Windmills - Battersea windmill is described in this excerpt from the paper by Rex Wailes, published in Transactions of the Newcomen Society,1967–68, Vol 40.

Former windmills in London
Grinding mills in the United Kingdom
Buildings and structures completed in 1788
Windmills completed in the 18th century
Former buildings and structures in the London Borough of Wandsworth
1788 establishments in England
Buildings and structures in Battersea
Nghi Sơn Refinery. Nghi Son Refinery is the second oil refinery in Vietnam. It is located about  south of Hanoi in Tinh Gia District of Thanh Hóa Province. Site-clearing for the project broke ground in 2008. Construction began on 23 October 2013, and refinery operations were targeted for 2017. Planned capacity is , slightly greater than that of Vietnam's first Dung Quat refinery. The site-clearing phase entailed the resettlement of 350 households with 1,500 people and the surface leveling of the area.

Technical features
Nghi Son refinery would have a designed capacity of 10 million tons of crude oil per year with possibility to increase the capacity to 20 million tons. It is expected to cost US$9 billion.  The refinery project will also include petrochemical complex, energy facilities, pipeline and storage systems. In addition to LPG, unleaded gasoline, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel and FO, the refinery is projected to produce bitumen, propylene and BTX as a raw material for the petrochemical industry.

The refinery will be supplied with crude oil imports from Kuwait.

Construction
The refinery was designed and built by a syndicate of EPC contractors including JGC Corporation and Chiyoda Corporation from Japan, GS Engineering & Construction Corporation and SK Engineering & Construction Co. from South Korea, Technip from France and Malaysia's Technip Geoproduction. 70% of the construction costs will be financed through the Japan Bank for International Cooperation. According to Bloomberg, JGC won the EPC contract to build the refinery in 2011.

Consortium
The project was developed by a consortium of international companies. Petrovietnam holds 25.1%, Idemitsu Kosan and Kuwait Petroleum International each hold a 35.1% share and Mitsui Chemicals has the remaining 4.7% of shares. A contract to set up a joint venture was signed on 7 April 2008.

Operations
The refinery began its first production of MOGAS 92 in May 2018, it started commercial operations in mid-November 2018.

See also
 Dung Quat Refinery
 Long Son Refinery

References

External links
Aerial photo of refinery location
Nghi Son Refinery construction site photo

Oil refineries in Vietnam
Energy infrastructure completed in 2018
Buildings and structures in Thanh Hóa province