omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Michael Joseph Owens. Michael Joseph Owens (January 1, 1859 – December 27, 1923) was an inventor of machines to automate the production of glass bottles.

Early life and education
Owens was born on January 1, 1859, in Point Pleasant, West Virginia, to Joseph Owens and Mary Owens (née Chapman), both destitute immigrants from County Wexford, Ireland. His father was a coal miner. 

He left school at the age of 10 to start a glassware apprenticeship at J. H. Hobbs, Brockunier and Company in Wheeling, West Virginia.

Career 

In 1888 he moved to Toledo, Ohio, and worked for the Toledo Glass Factory owned by Edward Drummond Libbey. He was later promoted to foreman and then to supervisor. In 1891 Libbey opened a new plant in Findlay, Ohio, and Owens was put in charge of making the glass bulbs for Edison General Electric’s electric lights. There he simplified the process by inventing a mould-opening device which could be operated by a glassblower by foot and came up with a paste that prevent the bulbs from sticking to the moulds. This lowered the cost of bulbs by 90%, making them much more available for people. He formed the Owens Bottle Machine Company in 1903. His machines could produce glass bottles at a rate of 240 per minute, and reduce labor costs by 80%.

Owens and Libbey entered into a partnership and the company was renamed the Owens Bottle Company in 1919. In 1929 the company merged with the Illinois Glass Company to become the Owens-Illinois Glass Company.

Personal life 
Owens married Mary E. McKelvey in 1890. They had two children;

 Hazel Augusta Owens (1890-1969), who married Daniel Joseph McGettigan (1886-1942)
 John Raymond Owens (1894-1947), who married Florence Grace Whalen (b. 1897), and had one daughter.
He would later remarry and have a second family with Mollie Owens (b. 1873) with two children;

 Ray Owens (born 1899)
 Florence Owens (born 1899)

He died on December 27, 1923, aged 64 at his residence in Toledo, Ohio.

Patents
 Apparatus for blowing glass
 Machine for blowing glass
 Machine for blowing glass
 Glass Shaping Machine
 Glass Shaping Machine

References

External links

Biographical Sketch with portrait

1859 births
1923 deaths
American inventors
History of glass
Glass makers
Cessna DC-6. The Cessna Model DC-6 was a 1920s American high-wing four-seat tourer built by the Cessna Aircraft Company. It was used by the United States Army Air Corps as the UC-77/UC-77A.

Design and development
The DC-6 was a scaled-down four-seat version of the six-seat CW-6. It was rolled out in February 1929 and went into production in two versions, the DC-6A and DC-6B. Both versions were type certificated on October 29, 1929. The Wall Street crash that day and subsequent depression reduced demand for the aircraft and only about 20 of each model were produced.

Operational history
In addition to use as private touring aircraft, DC-6As and DC-6Bs saw use as newspaper delivery aircraft and were impressed as liaison aircraft with the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) in 1942.

The DC-6A was designated the UC-77 and the DC-6B, the UC-77A; note that the company's 6B model became the 77A.

Variants

DC-6
The original aircraft, powered by a  Curtiss Challenger, developed as a scaled-down Cessna CW-6.
Model DC-6A Chief
Fitted with a  Wright R-975 (J-6-9) Whirlwind engine; 20 built.
Model DC-6B Scout
Fitted with a  Wright J-6-7 (R-760) engine; 24 built.
UC-77
Military designation of four DC-6As impressed into service by the USAAF.
UC-77A
Military designation of four DC-6Bs impressed into service by the USAAF.

Note that the designations UC-77B, UC-77C and UC-77D were not DC-6s, they were used for the Cessna Airmaster.

Operators

United States Army Air Forces

Specifications (DC-6A Chief)

References

External links

DC-06
1920s United States civil utility aircraft
Single-engined piston aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1929
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
SPIN (operating system). The SPIN operating system is a research project implemented in the computer programming language Modula-3, and is an open source project. It is designed with three goals: flexibility, safety, and performance. SPIN was developed at the University of Washington.

The kernel can be extended by dynamic loading of modules which implement interfaces that represent domains. These domains are defined by Modula-3 INTERFACE. All kernel extensions are written in Modula-3 safe subset with metalanguage constructs and type safe casting system. The system also issued a special run-time extension compiler.

One set of kernel extensions provides an application programming interface (API) that emulates the Digital UNIX system call interface. This allows Unix applications to run on SPIN.

References

External links
 

Free software operating systems
Microkernel-based operating systems
Microkernels
1994 software
X86 operating systems
Dave Cutler (disambiguation). Dave Cutler is a software engineer, designer and developer of several operating systems.

Dave or David Cutler may also refer to:

Dave Cutler (Canadian football) (born 1945), place kicker with the Edmonton Eskimos
David Cutler (born 1965), economist and professor at Harvard University
David Cutler Group, housebuilding company now known as Hudson Palmer Homes
David Cutler (bowls) (born 1954), British bowler
David F. Cutler (born 1939), British botanist

Cutler, Dave
Gulflander. The Gulflander is a passenger train operated by Queensland Rail on the isolated Normanton to Croydon line in the Gulf Country of northern Queensland, Australia.

History

Steam locomotives were used until 1929. By that stage railmotors had been introduced since 1922. By 1974 the line was under the threat of closure, earning just $3,000 in revenue but costing $64,000 to maintain.

Today the line exists as a tourist attraction and is said to be more an adventure than a train ride. The crews are qualified guides and will stop the train and talk about points of interest. The present three-car railmotor set of RM93 Gardner diesel railmotor and carriages TP1809 and TP1811 is known as "the old Tin Hare".

Service
The service runs once per week to Croydon on Wednesdays, returning to Normanton on Thursdays. Shorter charter services on most other days are also available.

Rollingstock
Thirteen power units have been used on the line. It is unusual that of the 13 units, 12 survive in one form or another and most are still in the region due mainly to its remoteness. They are as follows:
A10 class steam locomotive 202, undergoing restoration to operational condition by Croydon Shire Council
A10 class steam locomotive 203, used as parts for the restoration of 202
A10 class steam locomotive 204, on display at Croydon station
B12 class steam locomotive 28, on display at Normanton station
B13 class steam locomotive 161, on display at Normanton station
B13 class steam locomotive 234, on display at Normanton station
RM14 Panhard-Levassor petrol railmotor, operated Gulflander 1923-1929, returned to Normanton for 120th anniversary in 2011, on display at Workshops Rail Museum
RM31 AEC petrol railmotor, operated Gulflander 1929-1945, eventual fate unknown
RM32 AEC petrol railmotor, operated Gulflander 1945-1960, on display at Normanton
RM60 AEC petrol railmotor, operated Gulflander 1960-1964, operational at Normanton
RM74 Gardner (formerly AEC) diesel railmotor, operated Gulflander 1964-1982, on display at Redland Museum, Cleveland
RM93 Gardner diesel railmotor, operational at Normanton station, arrived 1982, hauls present Gulflander
DL4 diesel-mechanical locomotive, arrived November 1988, operational at Normanton
TP1809 carriage, former PL1809 passenger/luggage trailer transferred to Normanton in 1980, forms present Gulflander
TP1811 carriage de-motored and reclassified RM1811, was the QR Commissioners Car throughout the 1980s before conversion and transfer to Normanton in 1991, forms present Gulflander

References

External links

Named passenger trains of Queensland
North West Queensland
Tourist railways in Queensland
INIT 1984. INIT 1984 is a computer virus that was set up to trigger on Macintosh computers running the classic Mac OS on any given Friday the 13th. The virus was first discovered and isolated in March, 1992. It functions by infecting startup (INIT) files and triggers when the computer is booted on a Friday the 13th. "Damage includes changing the names and attributes of a large number of folders and files to random strings and the deletion of approximately 2% of your files." The virus has a low threat assessment.

References

Further reading

Classic Mac OS viruses
MEKO 140. The MEKO 140 is a frigate/corvette design by the German Blohm + Voss shipyard as part of the MEKO family of vessels. The MEKO 140 is a development of the Portuguese Navy's s designed by the Portuguese naval engineer Rogério de Oliveira in the late 1960s – three ships of which were built Blohm + Voss in 1970, as an outsourcing.

Concept and development 
MEKO is a concept in modern naval shipbuilding based on modularity of armament, electronics, and other equipment, aiming at ease of maintenance and cost reduction. Vessels of similar classes can use different weapons systems, as required by the customer. The MEKO 140 was designed in the late 1970s, and was chosen by the Argentine Navy to complement the MEKO 360 destroyers.

Variants
Six vessels of the MEKO 140 A16 variant were constructed in Argentina by the Río Santiago Shipyards (AFNE) near La Plata for the Argentine Navy. They are locally named as the  and currently serve in the High Seas Fleet ("Flota de Mar").

Although considered by its designers to be frigates, the Espora-class vessels have been classed in Argentina as corvettes.

External links
 Argentine Navy (ARA) official site – class specifications & pictures 
 Description of MEKO 140 concept and existing ships

Frigate classes
Corvette classes
General Aircraft Cagnet. The General Aircraft GAL.33 Cagnet was a British light trainer aircraft designed by General Aircraft Ltd which flew from 1939 to 1941.  Only one example was constructed.

Design
The Cagnet was a two-seat pusher propeller aircraft.  The side-by-side seating was in an open cockpit just ahead of the strut-mounted inline engine.  The low cantilever wings featured a gull shape, with twin booms mounted, one at each wing's bend point.  A horizontal stabilizer and elevator ran between twin fins with rudders, one at the end of each boom.

The fixed landing gear used a nosewheel.  First flight was in 1939; the aircraft bore the serial number T46.

General Aircraft proposed the Cagnet as a basic trainer.  It was tested as a Flying Observation post trainer by the Royal School of Army Co-operation from February through June 1940 (with military serial number W7646).  After that testing, it underwent various other tests.  Its final flight was in 1941.

The engine was a  Blackburn Cirrus Minor, which gave a cruising speed of 100 mph (160 km/h).

Specifications (Cagnet)

References
General Aircraft Cagnet –  British Aircraft of World War II

1930s British military trainer aircraft
Cygnet
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1939
Aeroterrestrial Support Battalion. The Batalhão de Apoio Aeroterrestre (Aeroterrestrial Support Battalion), based at the ETP - Escola de Tropas Páraquedistas (Parachute Troops School), in Tancos is unit responsible for the execution of several key missions of the Portuguese Parachute Troops, such as the operation of launch zones (CPRECs), folding and maintenance of parachutes (CEA) and launching of air supply (CAA).

Organization
The missions of the Airborne Operational Battalion are delegated to the various companies that comprise it:

 Airborne Precursors Company (CPRECs) — A Pathfinder unit;
 Air Equipment Company (CEA) - Folding and maintenance of equipment necessary to carry out airborne operations;
 Air Supply Company (CAA) - Preparation and launch of air supply cargoes;
 Service Company (CS-BOAT) - Battalion administrative services;
 War dogs (integrated in CS-BOAT) - Training and employment of missions that require cinetechnic techniques.

References

External links 
Promotional video
Portuguese Paratroopers website

Army units and formations of Portugal
Portuguese Army
RATTLRS. The Lockheed Martin BGM-178 RATTLRS (Revolutionary Approach To Time-critical Long Range Strike) was an advanced cruise missile concept demonstration funded by the US Navy with the view to develop technologies that would then be used to develop a successor to the BGM-109 Tomahawk. The five year contract was awarded on 1 March 2004. It is a possible solution to hypersonic cruise missile systems for the United States.

Lockheed’s Skunk Works was the prime contractor, while Rolls-Royce Liberty Works was designing the YJ102R high-Mach turbine engine. The missile's airframe bears resemblance to the BrahMos missile, and is similar in size and shape to the engine nacelle of the SR-71, or to the D-21 drone. The missile's airframe design would enable it to cruise at very high speeds to strike a target over 1,000 kilometers in less than 30 minutes. The missile would be ideal for engaging on-the-move or about to move targets, and could possibly  be a suitable anti-ship missile, utilizing its tremendous speed to evade enemy CIWS defenses.

In comparison to the Russian-Indian BrahMos, the RATTLRS is slightly slower, but has double, if not triple the range, and has a larger variety of launch platforms, since it has the capability to launch from the Mk. 41 VLS system, as well as a multitude of American aircraft.

Specifications

Name: RATTLRS (Revolutionary Approach to Time Critical Long Range Strike)
Type: Long-range hypersonic cruise missile test vehicle
Developed: Lockheed Martin, Raytheon
Length: 21 ft

Diameter: 520 mm
Engine: Rolls-Royce YJ102R turbojet
Warhead: 500 lbs penetrating HE or submunition dispensing warhead
Cruise speed: Mach 3+
Range: 500+ nm (1,000+ km)
Platforms: air-launched or even surface launched

References

External links
 https://web.archive.org/web/20080908014742/http://www.lockheedmartin.com/news/press_releases/2006/LOCKHEEDMARTINDEMONSTRATESPENETRATO.html
 Lockheed Martin RATTLRS at Directory of U.S. Military Rockets and Missiles
Popular Mechanics: It's More Powerful Than A Blackbird (And It Fits In The Trunk)
ONR RATTLRS fact sheet Archived 

Cruise missiles of the United States
Constant phase element. In electronics, a constant phase element is an equivalent electrical circuit component that models the behaviour of a double layer, that is, an imperfect capacitor (see double-layer capacitance).

Constant phase elements are also used in equivalent circuit modeling and data fitting of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data.

A constant phase element also currently appears in modeling the imperfect dielectrics' behavior. The generalization in the fields of imperfect electrical resistances, capacitances, and inductances leads to the general "phasance" concept: http://fr.scribd.com/doc/71923015/The-Phasance-Concept

General equation 

The electrical impedance can be calculated:

where the CPE admittance is:  and Q0 and n (0<n<1) are frequency independent.

Q0 = 1/|Z| at ω = 1 rad/s

The constant phase is always −(90*n)°, with n from 0 to 1. The case n = 1 describes an ideal capacitor while the case n = 0 describes a pure resistor.

References

Electronic circuits
Linear electronic circuits
Randles circuit. In electrochemistry, a Randles circuit is an equivalent electrical circuit that consists of an active electrolyte resistance  in series with the parallel combination of the double-layer capacitance  and an impedance () of a faradaic reaction. It is commonly used in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for interpretation of impedance spectra, often with a constant phase element (CPE) replacing the double layer capacity.
The Randles equivalent circuit is one of the simplest possible models describing processes at the electrochemical interface. In real electrochemical systems, impedance spectra are usually more complicated and, thus, the Randles circuit may not give appropriate results.

Explanation
Figure 1 shows the equivalent circuit initially proposed by John Edward Brough Randles for modeling of interfacial electrochemical reactions in presence of semi-infinite linear diffusion of electroactive particles to flat electrodes. A simple model for an electrode immersed in an electrolyte is simply the series combination of the ionic resistance, , with the double layer capacitance, . If a faradaic reaction is taking place then that reaction is occurring in parallel with the charging of the double layer – so the charge transfer resistance, , associated with the faradaic reaction is in parallel with . The key assumption is that the rate of the faradaic reaction is controlled by diffusion of the reactants to the electrode surface. The diffusional resistance element (the Warburg impedance, ), is therefore in series with .

In this model, the impedance of a faradaic reaction consists of an active charge transfer resistance  and a specific electrochemical element of diffusion , represented by a Warburg element 
 
where 
 is the Warburg coefficient;
 is an imaginary unit;
 is the angular frequency.

Identifying the Warburg element
In a simple situation, the Warburg element manifests itself in EIS spectra by a line with an angle of 45 degrees in the low frequency region. Figure 2 shows an example of EIS spectrum (presented in the Nyquist plot) simulated using the following parameters:  = 20 Ω,  = 25 μF,  = 100 Ω,  = 300 Ω•s−0.5.
Values of the charge transfer resistance and Warburg coefficient depend on physico-chemical parameters of a system under investigation. To obtain the Randles circuit parameters, the fitting of the model to the experimental data should be performed using complex nonlinear least-squares procedures available in numerous EIS data fitting computer programs.

References 

A. Lasia. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and its applications. In: Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry. Volume 32. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Pub. 1999, Ch.2, p. 143.

Analog circuits
Piperylene. Piperylene or 1,3-pentadiene is an organic compound with the formula .  It is a volatile, flammable hydrocarbon.  It is one of the five positional isomers of pentadiene.

Reactions and occurrence
Piperylene is a typical diene.  It forms a sulfolene upon treatment with sulfur dioxide.

Piperylene is the product of the decarboxylation of sorbic acid, a common anti-mold agent.

Piperylene is obtained as a byproduct of ethylene production from crude oil, combustion of biomass, waste incineration and exhaust gases. It is used as a monomer in the manufacturing of plastics, adhesives and resins.

See also
 Butadiene
 Cyclopentadiene
 Isoprene

References

Alkadienes
Conjugated dienes
Continuous flight augering. Continuous flight augering (CFA), also known as auger cast piling, is a technique used in construction to create a concrete deep foundation.

Description 
A continuous flight auger drill is used to excavate a hole and concrete is injected through a hollow shaft under pressure as the auger is extracted. Reinforcement is then inserted after the auger is removed. This creates a continuous pile without ever leaving an open hole.

Continuous flight augering can be used to construct a secant piled wall which can be used as a retaining wall or as shoring during excavation. Once initial piles are set with concrete, other shafts are augured between them, slicing into the original piles, with the new ones receiving rebar. The finished result is a continuous wall of reinforced concrete that aids and protects workers during excavation.

History 
Continuous flight auger has been used in the United Kingdom since 1966.

References

Concrete
Drilling technology
Deep foundations
Matthew Flatt. Matthew Flatt is an American computer scientist and professor at the University of Utah School of Computing in Salt Lake City. He is also the leader of the core development team for the Racket programming language.

Flatt received his PhD at Rice University in 1999, under the direction of Matthias Felleisen. His dissertation is on the mechanics of first-class modules and mixin classes. His work triggered research in the ML community on mutually recursive modules and in the object-oriented community on mixins and traits

Flatt served as one of four editors of the Revised^6 Report on the Scheme programming language. The report is influenced by his design of Racket, especially the module system, the exception system, the record system, the macro system, and library links.

In 2018, Flatt received the ACM SIGPLAN's Programming Languages Software Award (jointly with the Racket core team). The citation highlights Racket's singular significance both in research and education. The research part refers to its powerful macro system, which is integrated with its novel module system. Other impacts, for example cited in the Revised^6 Report on Scheme, concern Racket's exception system and its resource management subsystem. The education aspect is about the TeachScheme! (also known as Program by Design) project, which over decades morphed into the Bootstrap curriculum.

References

External links
Flatt's homepage at Utah
Google Scholar profile

Programming language researchers
Lisp (programming language) people
Living people
Rice University alumni
University of Utah faculty
Year of birth missing (living people)
Carnegie Mellon University alumni
Plant Engineering. Plant Engineering () is a trade publication and web site owned by CFE Media.  It covers the field of plant engineering and maintenance in both manufacturing and non-manufacturing industries.

In April 2010, former owner Reed Business Information announced the magazine would close.  However later that month, Control Engineering, Consulting-Specifying Engineer and Plant Engineering were acquired by a new company, CFE Media.

References
Verified Audit

External links
Plant Engineering website
CFE Media website

1947 establishments in Illinois
Business magazines published in the United States
Monthly magazines published in the United States
Engineering magazines
Magazines established in 1947
Magazines published in Illinois
Professional and trade magazines
Design News. Design News () is a monthly US trade publication published by Informa Markets, a division of Informa. Design News serves the information needs of the field of design engineering.

The editorial director is William Ng, with the editorial offices located in New York City.

History and profile
Established in 1946, Design News magazine is published 12 times per year. Each issue addresses system and product design issues related to automation & control, materials science & assembly, hardware and software design tools, and electronics/ and electronic test equipment.

Common topics include CAD, design engineering, consumer electronics, and automation.

As of December 2014, the total BPA audited circulation is 96,667 subscribers.

Former owner Reed Business Information sold the magazine to Canon Communications in February 2010 and became part of UBM Electronics after United Business Media's purchase of Canon Communications in November 2010. Informa acquired UBM in 2018. Design News now publishes a digital edition, based on the DeusM Community in a Box platform.

References

BPA Worldwide

External links
 Design News website

Business magazines published in the United States
Monthly magazines published in the United States
Design magazines
Magazines established in 1946
Magazines published in California
Professional and trade magazines published in the United States
Informa brands