omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Société d'études techniques et économiques. Setec is the fifth largest French engineering and consulting group, involved in infrastructure and transport systems, planning, economics, waste, project, telecommunication, water, energy, geotechnical and environmental management. Setec was created in 1957 as an acronym of the French Société d'Études Techniques et ÉConomiques, which means "technical and economical design company".

Its headquarters are located in Paris, near the Seine. From the 1960s, the company began to organise into different subsidiaries and to develop its international business. In 2012, it acquired the American MWH's Brazilian subsidiary. This new company is called setec hidrobrasileira.

Key figures

Main projets
The main projects that setec contributed are for example :
 the Channel Tunnel,
 the Millau Viaduct,
 the LGV Rhin-Rhône and LGV Est
 the Peking opera,
 the Cœur Défense skyscraper,
 the Macau Light Rail Transit
 the Fondation Louis Vuitton pour la création
and many others infrastructures and buildings.

Notes and references

Engineering companies of France
Companies based in Paris
Technology companies established in 1957
French companies established in 1957
Skolkovo Foundation. The Skolkovo Foundation is the principal agency, as a part of VEB.RF group (ex-Vnesheconombank), responsible for the Russian Skolkovo Innovation Center, a scientific and technological center for the development and commercialization of advanced technologies. It is a non-profit organization founded in 2010 and charged by Russian President Dmitry Medvedev with creating a new science and technology development center in the Moscow suburb of Skolkovo. The Skolkovo innovation system comprises the Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech) established in partnership with MIT, corporate R&D centers, business incubators, private seed and venture funds, and start-up companies, as well as residential space and social infrastructure. It is a city with over 30,000 residents and employees.  

Skolkovo gave a grant of $780,000 to a company called Workle, which is a service that people can use to start their own Internet-based careers, in 2012. As a result, Workle increased its remote workforce by over 500 percent, according to Yekaterinburg News.  

The Skolkovo Foundation has offices in the United States, and U.S. allegations have been raised concerning the true intent behind their activities there. In April 2014, FBI Assistant Special Agent Lucia Ziobro wrote an unusual article in The Boston Business Journal which stated that the FBI suspected that Skolkovo "may be a means for the Russian government to access our nation's sensitive or classified research".

In November 2013, criminal charges were filed in Russia alleging embezzlement and misuse of $1.5 million of Skolkovo Foundation money. Over 200 managers and employees were fired after a corruption investigation regarding the foundation's misuse of government funds.

Skolkovo is governed by a special law that gives its resident companies special economic conditions for running their businesses. Over 2,700 companies from Russia and abroad have received Skolkovo resident status.

In September 2021, the Skolkovo Foundation was assigned through 2024 to be the operator of governmental support for testing AI technologies for top-priority economic sectors, within the framework of the federal Artificial Intelligence project, part of the national Digital Economy program.

Resident company examples 
 MultiClet Corp.
 RRT Global

References

External links

 Made in Russia:Skolkovo Foundation

2010 establishments in Russia
Scientific research foundations
Meenakshi Sundararajan Engineering College. Meenakshi Sundararajan Engineering College (MSEC) (Tamil:மீனாட்சி சுந்தரராஜன் பொறியியல் கல்லூரி) is an engineering college in Kodambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India and it was founded in 2001.

History 
The Engineering College was founded in 2001 by the educationist of South India, Professor K.R.Sundararajan. Meenakshi Sundararajan Engineering College is a part of the KRS Group of Institutions which includes the Indian Institute of Technical Education (IIET, est. 1947), Meenakshi College for Women and the Meenakshi Sundararajan School of Management. Institutions dedicated to impart qualitative education and research for both under-graduate and post-graduate education in the fields of Engineering, Arts, Science, Commerce and Management.

Courses 
 B.E. Electrical and Electronics Engineering
 B.Tech Information Technology
 B.E. Mechanical Engineering
 B.E. Civil Engineering
 B.E. Computer Science and Engineering
 B.E. Electronics and Communication Engineering
 M.E. Construction Engineering and Management

References

External links 
 Official website

Engineering colleges in Chennai
Educational institutions established in 2001
2001 establishments in Tamil Nadu
Nascent state (chemistry). Nascent state or in statu nascendi (Lat. newly formed moiety: in the state of being born or just emerging), is an obsolete theory in chemistry. It refers to the form of a chemical element (or sometimes compound) in the instance of their liberation or formation. Often encountered are atomic oxygen (Onasc), nascent hydrogen (Hnasc), and similar forms of chlorine (Clnasc) or bromine (Brnasc).

The concept of a "nascent state" was developed to explain the observation that gases generated in situ are frequently more reactive than identical chemicals that have been stored for an extended period of time. First usage of the term was in work by Joseph Priestley around 1790. Auguste Laurent expanded on the theory in the mid 19th century.

Constantine Zenghelis hypothesized in 1920 that the increased reactivity of the "nascent" state was due to the fine dispersion of the molecules, not their status as free atoms. Still popular in the early 20th century, the nascent state theory was recognized as declining by 1942.

A 1990 review noted that the term was still found as a passing mention in contemporary textbooks. The review summarized that the increased activity observed is actually caused by multiple kinetic effects, and that grouping all these effects into a single term could cause chemists to view the effect too simplistically.

See also
 Monatomic gas
 Radical (chemistry)

References

Chemical bonding
Obsolete theories in chemistry
Bing Yeh. Bing Yeh (; born c. 1950) is a Taiwanese-American electrical engineer and business executive.

Biography
Yeh was born in Taiwan and came to the United States in 1976. He received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in physics from National Taiwan University. He earned an engineering degree in at Stanford University and was a Ph.D. candidate in applied physics.
From 1979 to 1981 Yeh worked at Intel as development engineer. From 1981 to 1984 he worked at Honeywell. In 1984 he became a development manager at Xicor.
In 1989, Yeh co-founded Silicon Storage Technology, a technology company producing non-volatile memory devices and related products. For several years from 1996, SST was among Silicon Valley's 20 fastest-growing companies.

In April 2010, Yeh resigned as a director of the SST, and in the same year, he founded Greenliant Systems, a supplier of flash memory, solid state storage and controller products to industrial, networking, automotive, medical and consumer electronics companies.
Greenliant is based in Santa Clara, California.
He serves as chairman and chief executive officer.

References 

American computer businesspeople
American people of Chinese descent
Living people
Stanford University alumni
Taiwanese emigrants to the United States
Year of birth missing (living people)
Pomeau–Manneville scenario. In the theory of dynamical systems (or turbulent flow), the Pomeau–Manneville scenario is the transition to chaos (turbulence) due to intermittency. Named after Yves Pomeau and Paul Manneville. The aforementioned scenario is realized using the Pomeau–Manneville map. The Pomeau–Manneville map is a polynomial mapping (equivalently, recurrence relation), often referred to as an archetypal example of how complex, chaotic behaviour can arise from very simple nonlinear dynamical equations. Unlike other maps, the Pomeau–Manneville map exhibits intermittency, characterized by periods of low and high amplitude fluctuations. Recent research suggests that this bursting behavior might lead to anomalous diffusion.

References

Dynamical systems
Chaos theory
Turbulence
Contact paper. Contact paper is an adhesive paper used as a covering or lining.

Description
Contact paper is an inexpensive material that has a decorative surface on one side and a highly adhesive material on the other side. The paper sticks to the desired surface with minimal effort. It is usually sold in roll form and the material is cut to size by the user. While its traditional use was as a shelf or drawer liner, or for covering cupboard doors, it can be used in many creative ways. Teachers often use it for creative projects at school. Other uses of contact paper include use as laptop skins and protective book covers.

Types
Contact paper is usually categorized by the kind of surface that it is supposed to stick to. Some of the types of contact paper include:

 Adhesive contact paper
 Shelf liner contact paper
 Stainless steel contact paper
 Glass contact paper
 Vinyl contact paper

Uses
 Commonly used to line or cover kitchen and bathroom cabinets and drawers, counter tops, bookshelves, closet shelving, and pantry areas
 Covering up or protecting areas which have become (or could become) stained or ruined because of a project. Examples include art projects, foods and liquids, destructive substances
 The clear variety can be used for laminating books, art projects, posters, pictures, or other objects
 As part of a collage

Application
Most contact paper products feature an easy-to-peel liner and an adhesive that allows for repositioning of the material during installation. The material can be cut to size with scissors for custom applications depending on the requirement.

See also 
 Self-adhesive plastic sheet

References

Paper
Ajouré. Ajouré or à jour (French for "to the day," meaning open to the daylight) is an openwork metalworking technique similar to filigree, which leaves open spaces in the worked metal. Unlike filigree, the holes are usually sawed or pierced through solid metal rather than being incorporated during the process of construction. This technique also differs from plique-à-jour enamelling in that the open spaces are not filled with enamel, but left open. The result is reminiscent of the style of lace also known as à jour or cutwork.

À jour work is often used in jewellery making to enhance gemstones by letting light shine through the back of the stone. This stonesetting technique became popular around 1800 A.D. and is commonly seen in Art Deco pieces.

See also 
Openwork
Plique-à-jour

References

Jewellery making
Flacon. A flacon (from Late Latin , meaning "bottle"; cf. "flagon") is a small, often decorative, bottle. It has an opening seal or stopper and is designed to hold valuable liquids which may deteriorate upon contact with the air. They are widespread in the food industry, the pharmaceutical industry, and the cosmetics industry. They are generally made of glass for perfumes, but can also be made out of plastics for other uses.

Manufacturing techniques
The plastic bottles can be manufactured using different processes depending on the size and the proposed application (i.e. what the content will be, what the surrounding environment will be etc.). A common technique is blow molding. Like any object made by extrusion, it is possible to produce multilayer plastic bottles. This is called coextrusion. The combination of different materials or colours can be used to produce flacons with different properties, such as: impermeability to light, oxygen, recycled inner layer. The glass bottles are manufactured by blow molding.

In popular culture
Charles Baudelaire wrote a poem about the flacon, entitled Le Flacon (The Perfume Flask).

See also
Vial
Other words derived from :
Flagon
Flask (disambiguation)

References

Bottles
Bottle cutting. Bottle cutting is an activity in which a person cuts a bottle using one of a variety of techniques, to create a new product.  Techniques can include sawing or using hot wire. Around the late 1950s and early 1960s, some restaurants began making glasses by cutting wine bottles. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, bottle cutting kits started to appear on the market. By 1972, the technique had "caught on like wildfire" and was later described as a fad of the previous decade in 1983. The final step in bottle cutting is polishing, because no matter how carefully one cuts a bottle, the edges will be rough.

References

External links
 How-To: Bottle Cutting
 Make: Projects – Bottle cutting
 Bottle Cutting & Sawing, Drilling, Slumping, & Blowing Out
 Easy Bottle Cutting
 http://www.bottlecutting.com/

Crafts
Bottles
Bona AB. Bona AB is a Swedish family-owned floor care company founded in 1919 and headquartered in Malmö. The company manufactures and supplies products for the installation, maintenance and renovation of wooden and resilient floors and also supplies UV coatings to international producers of wooden and resilient floors. Bona is present in more than 70 countries through subsidiaries and country distributors.

Bona pioneered waterborne finishes in 1979, and presented the patent in 1982. Bona has production facilities in Sweden, Germany, the US, and China. Bona's US headquarters are in Englewood, Colorado. Bona prioritizes the use of water-based finishes and employs eco-friendly manufacturing processes. Bona is known for its GreenGuard-certified products, which comply with strict indoor air quality regulations.

History 
The Bona story started in the 1890s, when Wilhelm Edner opened a grocery shop in Malmö, Sweden selling coffee and various household products. The years went by, the business developed and, during the 1910s, floor wax, a completely new product on the Swedish market at the time, came into the picture. In August 1919, Wilhelm Edner registered a company called Aktiebolaget Bona. This is the date that Bona AB, the floor care company, was founded, since then the company has exclusively worked with the treatment of wooden floors.

From the company's foundation, Bona produced wax-based floor care products; later expanding their product range to include finishes, sealers, and other wood floor care products, as consumer demand evolved. Throughout the 20th century, Bona invested in research and development to improve its products and establish itself as a prominent player in the wood flooring industry.

Throughout the 1990s, Bona expanded its international operations by establishing subsidiaries and distribution networks in 90 countries globally.

In 1997, Bona's American division (then-known as BonaKemi) made a partnership with Orange Glo International (purchased by Church and Dwight in 2006) for their Orange Glo-branded products, such as the Orange Glo Wood Cleaner & Polish, and later the Orange Glo Hardwood Floor Refinisher, followed by other Orange Glo products.

From 2007 to 2020, Kerstin Lindell served as the president and CEO of the company. In 2021 she transitioned to the role of chairman of the board, while Pontus Cornelius assumed the position of president and CEO. Magnus Andersson held the CEO position at Bona AB from 2022 to 2024. Since August 2024 Kerstin Lindell has stepped back into the executive spotlight, serving as interim CEO alongside her responsibilities as chairman of the board.

Products 
Bona has products for contractors, homeowners and parquet producers.

Contractors 
Renovation with waterborne finishes
Dust-free sanding machines
Ergonomic sanding machines
Silane-based adhesives

Homeowners 
Bona offers a product range for renovation and maintenance adapted for use by end consumers.

Parquet Producers 
Bona is a supplier of UV-coatings to international producers of wooden floors.

References

External links

Manufacturing companies of Sweden
Companies based in Malmö
Sugarcane harvester. A sugarcane harvester is a large piece of agricultural machinery used to harvest and partially process sugarcane.

The machine, originally developed in the 1920s, remains similar in function and design to the combine harvester. Essentially a storage vessel on a truck with a mechanical extension, the machine cuts the stalks at the base, strips the leaves off, and then cuts the cane into segments. These are then deposited into either the on-board container, or a separate vehicle traveling alongside. Waste material is then ejected back onto the field, where it acts as fertilizer.

See also

 Zafra (agriculture) - the sugarcane harvesting season

References

External links

Combine harvesters
Pailton Engineering Ltd. Pailton Engineering manufacture steering system components such as steering columns, steering shafts, drag links and ball joints and deliver around the world with sales offices in the UK, USA and Germany.

A brief history
Pailton Engineering was founded in 1969 in the Village of Pailton, Warwickshire near the city of Coventry which is situated in the heart of the Industrial Midlands and today occupies an 80,000 sq. ft. factory employing in excess of 150 people, the business has been family owned since its formation. Originally a sub contract manufacturing facility, in 1982 Pailton developed their own range of universal joints and sliding shafts for steering systems.

Continued expansion in the steering product market followed with the introduction in 1995 of the Pailton Mitre box or Bevel box, a device to allow 90 degree changes in direction of the steering input shaft with low backlash and no universal joint phasing allowing the steering box to be positioned in a place more favourable to the steering gear for actuation, while still placing the steering column in the best position for the driver.

As Pailton were growing their product range so was the market reach, due to the opening in 1999 of Pailton Inc. in Valparaiso, Indiana, USA.

In 2001 Pailton acquired SLT the steering division of Sachsenring AG resulting a manufacturing facility in Germany concentrating on ball joint manufacture.

In 2009 Pailton installed a new waste water system to handle the waste water from the machining processes. Previously the water had to be collected and disposed of off site every 6 weeks, but with the installation of the new waste water handling system, developed by the specialist Aqua-Save Technologies, this is now reduced to once every two years.

In July 2010 Pailton were part of a group of companies supporting an all-British bid for the replacement of Snatch Land Rovers for the British forces.
As a result Pailton concentrated on military and defence vehicle applications, winning business with companies such as Force Protection Inc and Oshkosh Corporation.

Pailton Engineering run Technical and Craft Apprenticeships within the company and managing director John Nollett actively supports apprenticeship schemes.

In 2011 MD John Nollett won the Insider News "International Entrepreneur of the Year" award.

In 2011 Pailton Engineering won the Birmingham Post "Company of the Year" award and the "Technology and Manufacturing" award.

References

External links
 

Automotive companies of the United Kingdom
Chocolate-on-white ware. Chocolate-on-White ware is the description commonly given to an important diagnostic ceramic type of Bronze Age Southern Levant. It is characterized by a white slip and dark-brown or black decorations on it. Often it is also classified as bichrome (or two-coloured) decorated pottery ware, although it also sometimes comes in monochrome variety.

Such distinctive pottery was produced during the later part of the Middle Bronze Age and the Late Bronze Age I. A comprehensive study of the typology, chronology and possible provenance of the Chocolate-on-White wares was made by P.M. Fischer in 1999 based on material from the settlement of Tell Abu-al-Kharaz in the Jordan Valley.

This type of pottery is found in the Jordan valley and east of it.

Recent excavations
In 1989, a Swedish team under the direction of P.M. Fischer started excavations at the settlement of Tell Abu al-Kharaz in Jordan Valley, where Chocolate-on-White Wares had been found. Ten seasons of excavations (state 1999) produced 347 stratified vessels, which were included within the Chocolate-on-White Ware group as satisfying a number of listed criteria.

Most of the bichrome-decorated and monochrome-decorated Chocolate-on-White Ware vessels were bowls, chalices, goblets, kraters, juglets and jugs, and jars. The wares were confirmed in Phases IV/1 and 2, V and VI and include six sub-groups:

Proto-Chocolate-on-White Bichrome Ware, 
Chocolate-on-White Bichrome Ware, 
Eggshell Ware, and 
Chocolate-on-White I, II and III.

Chronology
The chronological framework, which is supported by radiocarbon dates and cross-references with Cyprus, shows that the ware was produced from the late Middle Bronze Age IIB until the beginning of the Late Bronze Age IB.

Trade and the possible provenance of the different wares have been considered by excavators.

The petrographically analysed pottery samples point to two production areas: the Central Jordan Valley, and southern Lebanon. The pottery included both burnished and unburnished bichrome-decorated types.

Chocolate-on-white ware has been found at sites in Lebanon, Israel, Jordan and Palestine; there is no confirmed find of such pottery on Cyprus or in the Aegean.

See also
Cypriot Bichrome ware
Philistine Bichrome ware
Tell el-Yahudiyeh Ware

Bibliography
Fischer, Peter M. [1999], "Chocolate-on-White Ware: Typology, Chronology and Provenance - The Evidence from Tell Abu al-Kharaz, Jordan Valley", BASOR 313 [1999], pp. 1–29.

References

External links

 The investigation of Chocolate-on-White Ware Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften

 Peter M. Fischer, Chocolate-on-White Ware: Typology, Chronology, and Provenance: The Evidence from Tell Abu al-Kharaz, Jordan Valley. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. No. 313 (Feb., 1999), pp. 1-29 

 Books.google.com.au

Types of pottery decoration
Archaeology of Jordan
Ancient pottery
Project Shoal. Project Shoal was an underground nuclear test that took place on October 26, 1963 within the Sand Springs Range, approximately  southeast of Fallon, Nevada, in a granite formation of the range. The site was selected because its earthquake activity afforded a basis for seismic signal comparisons.

Project Shoal was part of the Vela Uniform program sponsored jointly by the U.S Department of Defense and the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. Vela Uniform was directed toward locating, detecting, and identifying underground detonations. The objective of Project Shoal was to detonate a nuclear device underground in an active seismic area so that seismic traces for the test and prior earthquakes could be compared and differentiated.

The test was performed on October 26, 1963. It involved detonating a 12-kiloton nuclear device in granitic rock at a depth of approximately  below ground surface.

References

Explosions in 1963
Churchill County, Nevada
American nuclear weapons testing
1963 in the United States
Explosions in the United States