omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Lift (web framework). Lift is a free and open-source web framework that is designed for the Scala programming language. It was originally created by David Pollak who was dissatisfied with certain aspects of the Ruby on Rails framework. Lift was launched as an open source project on 26 February 2007 under the Apache License 2.0. A commercially popular web platform often cited as being developed using Lift is Foursquare.

Design goals and overview
Lift is an expressive framework for writing web applications. It draws upon concepts from peer frameworks such as Grails, Ruby on Rails, Seaside, Wicket and Django. It favors convention over configuration in the style of Ruby on Rails, although it does not prescribe the model–view–controller (MVC) architectural pattern. Rather, Lift is chiefly modeled upon the so-called "View First" (designer friendly) approach to web page development inspired by the Wicket framework. Lift is also designed to be a high-performance, scalable web framework by leveraging Scala actors to support more concurrent requests than is possible with a thread-per-request server.

As Scala program code executes within the Java virtual machine (JVM), any existing Java library and web container can be used in running Lift applications. Lift web applications are thus packaged as WAR files and deployed on any servlet 2.4 engine (for example, Tomcat 5.5.xx, Jetty 6.0, etc.). Lift programmers may use the standard Scala/Java development toolchain including IDEs such as Eclipse, NetBeans and IDEA. Dynamic web content is authored via templates using standard HTML5 or XHTML editors. Lift applications also benefit from native support for advanced web development techniques such as Comet and Ajax.

The main characteristics of Lift applications are:
Resistant to common vulnerabilities including many of the OWASP.
Fast to build, concise and easy to maintain.
High performance and scale in the real world to handle big traffic levels.
Interactive like a desktop application.

History
The stable version 1.0 of Lift was released on 26 February 2009 (two years after initiation of the project). Lift 2.0 was released in June 2010. David Pollak, the original creator of Lift, discussed the release of Lift 2.0 on the popular FLOSS weekly podcast.

Lift reached five years of continuous development on 26 February 2012.

References

Further reading

External links

Asta4D: Lift inspired Java port

Web frameworks
Scala (programming language)
Cross-platform software
Virtual machine
Free software programmed in Scala
Software using the Apache license
Glaser-Dirks DG-500. The Glaser-Dirks DG-500, and later the DG-505, is a two-seat glider of glass-reinforced plastic and carbon fiber reinforced plastic construction, manufactured in the DG Flugzeugbau GmbH in Bruchsal, Germany. It first flew in 1987.

Design
The glider is a trainer with an 18-metre wingspan or a high-performance glider with 20 or 22 m span. There are also trailing edge flaps with the exception of the Trainer and Orion variants. The 20m version also has winglets. The fuselage has a single wheel main landing gear which retracts into the lower fuselage.

The DG-500/18 is mainly intended for flight training, and is fully aerobatic with +7/-5 g rating. There is also a motorglider version, the DG-500M. The DG-500/22 can carry up to 160 kg of water ballast which is not possible on the trainer version. 
Since 2004, the latest version of the DG-500 has been built as the "DG-505 Orion" in Slovenia.

Past altitude record
The DG-500 once held the all-time altitude record for manned gliders, at 15,460 m (50,720 ft), set on 29 August 2006 by Steve Fossett and Einar Enevoldson, breaking the previous record by 1,713 ft (522 m). It was a standard DG-500M but the engine had been removed and replaced with liquid oxygen tanks. Additional instruments were installed powered by non-rechargeable batteries. The canopy had double-wall glazing and there was a drogue parachute for an emergency descent from high altitude. Pressure suits were worn. The glider is on display at the Seattle Museum of Flight. A new altitude record of 52,172 ft (15,902 m) was set by the Windward Performance Perlan II on September 3, 2017.

Variants
DG-500
Initial production with  span wings.
DG-500/18
Aerobatic version
DG-500/22
high performance sailplane with  span wings
DG-500M
Motorglider version of the DG-500, powered by a retractable pylon mounted  Rotax 535C engine
DG-500T Elan Trainer
 span wings, fixed undercarriage, no flaps, full controls in both cockpits.
DG-505
improved DG-500
DG-505 Orion
Production version built in Slovenia
DG-505MB
Motorglider version of the DG-505 with a retractable Solo 2625-02  engine

Specifications (Elan Trainer)

See also

References

External links

Manufacturer web site

DG Flugzeugbau aircraft
1990s German sailplanes
Motor gliders
Mid-engined aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
T-tail aircraft
Mid-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1987
Total cost management. Total cost management (TCM) is the name given by AACE International to a process for applying the skills and knowledge of cost engineering. It is also the first integrated process or methodology for portfolio, program and project management. It was initially conceived by Thomas D. Fromm and John Nunnemaker of Perkins & Will, architects, in 1990 to apply to the design of the University of Illinois Life and Science Building and was presented as a concept to the Society of University and College Planners (SCUP) the following year.  AACE first introduced the concept in the 1990s and published the full presentation of the process in the "Total Cost Management Framework" in 2006.

Overview 
Traditionally, the field of project management begins with the "initiation" of a project. The most well known treatment of the project management process is included in the Project Management Institute's Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK). However, the PMBOK does not address what happens before a project is initiated; i.e., how does a project come into being?, how is the project identified and decided upon among other operating, maintenance, or investment options available to an enterprise. Total Cost Management maps the process upstream of project management. In TCM, what precedes project management is referred to as "strategic asset management" or more traditionally, "portfolio and program management". A unique element of the TCM process is that it integrates all the steps that an organization must take to deploy its business strategy. This includes monitoring and becoming aware of a performance issue with an asset in its asset portfolio (i.e., capital asset base), to completing a project and delivering a modified or new asset to the company's portfolio. It also addresses managing multiple projects as a program or project portfolio.

TCM has found its widest audience in the companies that make large capital investments in fixed capital assets through construction projects (e.g., oil and gas, chemical, pharmaceuticals, utilities, etc.). However, the process is industry generic and is finding wider use in IT, software and other companies.

Total Cost Management Framework 
In 2006, AACE published their Total Cost Management Framework – An Integrated Methodology for Portfolio, Program and Project Management.  In this tested and proven methodology, portfolios of assets are optimized through the use of portfolios of projects, using project management as a delivery system, to support and enhance large, strategic or operational programs in support of the business and strategic objectives of the organization.

The TCM Framework is made freely available online for AACE members.

References

Further reading 
The Total Cost Management Framework; An Integrated Approach to Portfolio, Program and Project Management

External links 
AACE International (AACE)

Cost engineering
Management frameworks

it:Ingegneria economica#Terminologia
Naval Science and Technological Laboratory. The Naval Science and Technological Laboratory (NSTL) is an Indian defence laboratory of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), located in Visakhapatnam. Its main function is the research and development of underwater weapons and associated systems. NSTL is organized under DRDO's Directorate of Naval R&D. The present director of NSTL is Dr. Abraham Varughese and Director General(DG) is Dr Y. Sreenivas Rao, Distinguished Scientist .

History 

NSTL was established on  20 August 1969 to undertake research and development of major naval systems and underwater weapons for the Indian Navy to make it self-reliant.

Areas of work 

NSTL is involved in the design, development, testing, evaluation and productionization of underwater weapons and their associated weapon control systems. These include torpedoes, mines, decoys, targets, simulators, Fire Control Systems and weapon launchers.

The lab is also involved in investigating hydrodynamic parameters and structural design of surface and submerged naval platforms and in evolving design criteria through model studies and simulation. NSTL is also involved in developing Warship Technologies, Stealth Technology for ships and Hydro-dynamic research services.

NSTL also develops specialized materials for Marine Applications, including materials for mitigation of Radar, IR, Magnetic, Acoustic and ELFE Signatures leading to stealthier platforms.

Facilities 

NSTL is equipped with laboratories and Hydrodynamic research facilities including a High Speed Towing Tank (HSTT), a Cavitation Tunnel and a Wind Tunnel. They also have Acoustic, Shock, Noise and Vibration Test Facilities that are used to measure, study and analyze the mitigation of underwater noise generated by ships and submarines.

Projects and Products 
 Maareech ATDS
 Autonomous Underwater Vehicle
 Torpedo Advanced Light Shyena
 Advanced Light Weight Torpedo
 Varunastra HWT
 Shakti Thermal Torpedo
 Takshak Torpedo

See also 
 DRDO

References 
https://www.drdo.gov.in/labs-establishment/director/naval-science-technological-laboratory-nstl

External links 

 

Defence Research and Development Organisation laboratories
Research institutes in Andhra Pradesh
Research and development in India
Education in Visakhapatnam
1969 establishments in Andhra Pradesh
Research institutes established in 1969
Mobile switching centre server. The mobile switching station, abbreviated as MSC Server or MSS, is a 2G core network element which controls the network switching subsystem elements. Alternatively or adaptively, MSS can be used in GSM networks as well, if the manufacturer has implemented support for GSM networks in the MSS. Since an immediate upgrade of existing GSM network to 3G is not viable due to various issues like handset incompatibilities and high expenditure, most manufacturers do implement GSM support in MSS. In fact, MSS along with other 3G network elements such as media gateway (MGW), can be configured to support GSM network exclusively and can be considered as an upgraded version of existing GSM mobile switching centres. The MSC Server is standards-based and communicates with other distributed elements using industry open standards such as media gateway control protocol, megaco/H.248, Session Initiation Protocol, M2UA and M3UA. The MSC server incorporates industry standards as defined by ETSI, ITU, GSM, 3GPP and 3GPP2 and other leading standard bodies. The MSS supports the regulatory environment set by governing bodies via its support for E911, CALEA/legal intercept, wireless and local number portability, TTY/TTD, and Number Pooling requirements.

Alternatively MSS is also called an MTS-U (Motorola telephony soft-switch) in Motorola terminology, and as MSC-S in Ericsson terminology. MSC server functionality enables split between control plane (signalling) and user plane (bearer in network element called a media gateway), which guarantees better placement of network elements within the network.

MSC server and MGW makes it possible to cross-connect circuit switched calls switched by using IP, ATM AAL2 as well as TDM.

References
 3GPP TS 23.205

Telecommunications equipment
Telecommunications infrastructure
Mobile telecommunications
GSM standard
Palladium black. Palladium black is a coarse, sponge-like form of elemental palladium which offers a large surface area for catalytic activity. It is used in organic synthesis as a catalyst for hydrogenation reactions.

The term palladium black is also used colloquially to refer to a black precipitate of elemental palladium, which forms via decomposition of various palladium complexes.

Preparation
Palladium black is typically prepared from palladium(II) chloride or palladium(II)-ammonium chloride. The palladium chloride process entails the formation of palladium hydroxide using lithium hydroxide followed by reduction under hydrogen gas while the palladium(II)-ammonium chloride route employs a solution of formic acid followed by the precipitation of the catalyst using potassium hydroxide.

See also
Platinum black
Platinum dioxide
Platinum on carbon
Palladium on carbon
Rhodium-platinum oxide

References

Palladium
Hydrogenation catalysts
Gifford (company). Gifford is part of the Ramboll Group, providing engineering consultancy, design, planning, project management and consulting services for buildings, infrastructure and the environment.

History
The firm was founded by Dr. Edwin Gifford, a pioneer of prestressed structures, in Southampton in 1951 under the name E.W.H. Gifford & Partners. It won the Queen's Award for Enterprise in 2002.

In March 2011, Gifford was bought by the consulting engineering company Ramboll.

Operations
The firm has activities focused on:
Buildings
Civil Engineering
Environment Development Planning

It has offices in:

 Birmingham
 Cardiff
 Chester
 Leeds
 London
 Manchester
 Oxford
 Southampton
 Australia
 York
Abu Dhabi
Episkopi (Cyprus)
Dubai
Gibraltar
New Delhi

Notable projects

Gateshead Millennium Bridge, Gateshead, UK, for which it won the IStructE Supreme Award for engineering excellence and the RIBA Stirling Prize
Brading Roman Villa, Isle of Wight, UK
Forthside Bridge, Stirling, UK
M25 motorway widening, London, UK
Juan Pablo II Bridge, Chile
Hungerford Bridge Footbridges, London, UK
Twin Sails bridge, Poole, UK

References

Business services companies of England
Companies based in Southampton
British companies established in 1951
Construction and civil engineering companies of England
IStructE Supreme Award laureates
Stirling Prize laureates
Engineering consulting firms of the United Kingdom
International engineering consulting firms
1951 establishments in England
Consulting firms established in 1951
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1951
Erwood railway station. Erwood railway station is a former station on the Mid Wales Railway in Erwood, between Brecon and Llanidloes, Powys, Wales.

The station building has been reconstructed  but the platforms remain in situ. The station house is intact with extensions. 

There are three old railway carriages at Erwood on the platform edge. Two house craft exhibits and another awaits restoration. There is also a 1939 Fowler 0-4-0 industrial diesel locomotive, maker's number 22878, fleet number 'AMW No. 169', and named "Alan", which has been cosmetically restored. It is named after Alan Cunningham, the founder of Erwood Craft Centre.

The three carriages are:

 Great Western Railway six-compartment luggage composite, (body only) 
 Midland Railway six-wheel five-compartment Third (body only), built 1886
 GWR 587 Four-wheel Third (body only), built 1873

References

Further reading

External links
History of Erwood Station
Video footage of the Fowler Diesel Shunter exhibit & the station
Video of the old weighbridge at Erwood
Video of the old hand operated crane at Erwood

Buildings and structures in Powys
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1864
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1962
Disused railway stations in Powys
Former Cambrian Railway stations
Rejlers. Rejlers is one of the largest engineering consultancy firms in the Nordic region. Rejlers has 2400 employees in technology areas such as energy, industry, infrastructure, real estate and telecom. Rejlers have representation in Sweden, Finland, Norway and the United Arab Emirates. In 2019, the company had a turnover of 2.6 billion SEK and its class B share is listed on Nasdaq Stockholm.

External links
 Company's website

Companies listed on Nasdaq Stockholm
Companies based in Stockholm
1942 establishments in Sweden
Technology companies established in 1942
Engineering consulting firms of Sweden
International engineering consulting firms
Consulting firms established in 1942
Cobalt(II) carbonate. Cobalt(II) carbonate is the inorganic compound with the formula CoCO3.  This pink paramagnetic solid is an intermediate in the hydrometallurgical purification of cobalt from its ores.  It is an inorganic pigment, and a precursor to catalysts. Cobalt(II) carbonate also occurs as the rare red/pink mineral spherocobaltite.

Preparation and structure
It is prepared by combining solutions cobaltous sulfate and sodium bicarbonate:
CoSO4  +  2 NaHCO3   →   CoCO3  +  Na2SO4  +  H2O  +  CO2
This reaction is used in the precipitation of cobalt from an extract of its roasted ores.

CoCO3 adopts a structure like calcite, consisting of cobalt in an octahedral coordination geometry.

Reactions
Like most transition metal carbonates, cobalt carbonate is insoluble in water, but is readily attacked by mineral acids:
CoCO3  +  2 HCl  +  5 H2O   →   [Co(H2O)6]Cl2  +  CO2
It is used to prepare many coordination complexes. The reaction of cobalt(II) carbonate and acetylacetone in the presence of hydrogen peroxide gives tris(acetylacetonato)cobalt(III).

Heating the carbonate proceeds in a typical way for calcining, except that the product becomes partially oxidized:
 6CoCO3 +  O2  →   2Co3O4  + 6CO2
The resulting Co3O4 converts reversibly to CoO at high temperatures.

Uses
Cobalt carbonate is a precursor to cobalt carbonyl and various cobalt salts.  It is a component of dietary supplements since cobalt is an essential element.  It is a precursor to blue pottery glazes, famously in the case of Delftware.

Related compounds
At least two cobalt(II) carbonate-hydroxides are known: Co2(CO3)(OH)2 and Co6(CO3)2(OH)8·H2O.

The moderately rare spherocobaltite is a natural form of cobalt carbonate, with good specimens coming especially from the Republic of Congo. "Cobaltocalcite" is a cobaltiferous calcite variety that is quite similar in habit to spherocobaltite.

Safety
Toxicity has rarely been observed.  Animals, including humans, require trace amounts of cobalt, a component of vitamin B12.

References

External links
 

Cobalt(II) compounds
Carbonates
JŽ series 611. The JŽ series 611 is a historic vehicle of Yugoslav Railways. It was a diesel-electric multiple unit made from aluminium alloy. It was nicknamed the "Aluminium train". A total of 3 units were made.

The first examples had a weak engine, but later models had a stronger one. They performed very well on level lines, but on mountain railways they suffered some damage.

History
 Service start: 1965/9/28
 Last year of service: 1974

External links
611 at railfaneurope.net

Diesel multiple units of Yugoslavia

Train-related introductions in 1965
Heligimbal. The Cineflex Heligimbal is a form of gimbal technology consisting of a motion-stabilized helicopter mount for motion picture cameras.

The technology, originally developed by the military, provides a high degree of motion stabilization and telephoto capabilities to achieve high-quality aerial shots despite the vibration inherent in helicopter flights which makes capturing high-definition video otherwise impossible. The gyro-stabilized system works with the operator using a joystick from within the helicopter to control the camera movements.

The BBC introduced the general public to this technology in the production of the first episode of its 2006 television series Planet Earth: "An innovative heli-gimbal (sic) stabilizing device supporting a tiny high definition camera on a helicopter delivers extensive rock-steady aerial footage of animals in remote landscapes, and allows for cutting and zooming between close-ups and extreme longshots".

References

External links
 Columbus Cineflex Flyover - Video at Vimeo showing an aerial view of the Columbus Theatre.

Film and video technology
Cinematography
Parasitic load. Parasitic load or parasitic loss may refer to
in internal combustion engines, it refers to devices that take energy from the engine in order to enhance the engine's ability to create more energy or convert energy to motion.
in electricity production, it is any of the loads or devices powered by the generator, not contributing to net electric yield
 in electrical appliances, it represents the power consumed even when the appliance is shut off.  
 With regard to railway locomotives, it is any of the loads or devices powered by the prime mover not contributing to tractive effort (such as an air compressor, traction motor blower, or radiator fans).

See also
 Energy harvesting
 Power stealing (disambiguation)
Arabsat-1A. Arabsat-1A () was a Saudi Arabian communications satellite which was operated by Arab Satellite Communications Organization. It was used to provide communication services to the Arab States. It was constructed by Aérospatiale, based on the Spacebus 100 satellite bus, and carries two NATO E/F-band (IEEE S band) and 25 NATO G/H-Band (IEEE C band) transponders. At launch, it had a mass of , and an expected operational lifespan of seven years.

Arabsat-1A was launched by Arianespace using an Ariane 3 rocket flying from ELA-1 at Kourou. The launch took place at 23:22:00 UTC on 8 February 1985. It was the first Spacebus satellite to be launched. Immediately after launch, one of its solar panels failed to deploy, resulting in reduced performance. It was placed into a geosynchronous orbit at a longitude of 19.0° East. Following a series of gyroscope malfunctions, it was retired from active service, and remained operational as a backup. In September 1991, another problem developed with the spacecraft's attitude control system, and it began to drift eastward. It failed completely in March 1992.

See also

 1985 in spaceflight

References

Spacecraft launched in 1985
Derelict satellites orbiting Earth
Satellites using the Spacebus bus
Ariane commercial payloads
Satellites of Saudi Arabia
1985 in spaceflight
1985 in Saudi Arabia
Collaboration on Energy and Environmental Markets. The Collaboration on Energy and Environmental Markets (CEEM), formerly known as the Centre for Energy and Environmental Markets, at the University of New South Wales conducts interdisciplinary research into energy and environmental markets and associated policies. CEEM brings together researchers from the areas of Business, Engineering and Social Sciences.  In addition to undertaking research, CEEM hosts short courses and seminars and participates in conferences in Australia and internationally. The Centre also contributes to undergraduate teaching and to supervision of postgraduate students.

See also
Renewable energy commercialisation in Australia
Mark Diesendorf
Greenhouse Solutions with Sustainable Energy

References

Energy economics
Energy policy
Energy policy of Australia
Energy in New South Wales