omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Lanthanum strontium manganite. Lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM or LSMO) is an oxide ceramic material with the general formula La1−xSrxMnO3, where x describes the doping level.

It has a perovskite-based crystal structure, which has the general form ABO3.  In the crystal, the 'A' sites are occupied by lanthanum and strontium atoms, and the 'B' sites are occupied by the smaller manganese atoms.  In other words, the material consists of lanthanum manganite with some of the lanthanum atoms substitutionally doped with strontium atoms. The strontium (valence 2+) doping on lanthanum (valence 3+) introduces extra holes in the valence band and thus increases electronic conductivity.

Depending on the x value in La1−xSrxMnO3, the unit cell of LSMO can be rhombohedral, cubic, or hexagonal. This change in the unit cell is explained on the basis of the Goldschmidt tolerance factor for perovskites. The change in the oxidation state of the Mn cation in LSMO can be readily observed through the position of the XPS peak for the Mn 2p3/2 orbital, and the interesting ferromagnetic ordering obtained when x=0.5 and 0.7 in the La1−xSrxMnO3. 

LSM has a rich electronic phase diagram, including a doping-dependent metal-insulator transition, paramagnetism and ferromagnetism. The existence of a Griffith phase has been reported as well.

LSM is black in color and has a density of approximately 6.5 g/cm3. The actual density will vary depending on the processing method and actual stoichiometry. LSM is primarily an electronic conductor, with transference number close to 1.

This material is commonly used as a cathode material in commercially produced solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) because it has a high electrical conductivity at higher temperatures, and its thermal expansion coefficient is well matched with yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), a common material for SOFC electrolytes.

In research, LSM is one of the perovskite manganites that show the colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) effect, and is also an observed half-metal for compositions around x=0.3.

LSM behaves like a half-metal, suggesting its possible use in spintronics. It displays a colossal magnetoresistance effect. Above its Curie temperature (about 350 K) Jahn-Teller polarons are formed; the material's ability to conduct electricity depends on the presence of the polarons.

See also
 Solid oxide fuel cell
 magnetic tunnel junction

References

Lanthanum compounds
Strontium compounds
Manganates
Ceramic materials
Oxides
Perovskites
David W. Taylor Medal. The David W. Taylor Medal is a medal presented by the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers for "notable achievement in naval architecture and/or marine engineering."

The medal was named in honor of Rear Admiral David W. Taylor, USN. It is gold-plated bronze approximately 2.5 inches (6.25 cm) in diameter. One side portrays Admiral Taylor; the other contains an inscription.

Although named for the same person, the medal should not be confused with the David W. Taylor Award presented by the United States Navy for contributions to the development of future maritime systems.

Recipients
Source: SNAME
 1936 David Watson Taylor
 1938 William Le Roy Emmet
 1939 Hugo P. Frear
 1940 John F. Metten
 1942 Samuel M. Robinson
 1943 William Hovgaard
 1945 Edward L. Cochrane
 1946 William Francis Gibbs
 1947 David Arnott
 1948 Earle W. Mills
 1949 George G. Sharp
 1950 Harold E. Saunders
 1951 C. Richard Waller
 1953 John E. Burkhardt
 1954 Edwin L. Stewart
 1955 Kenneth S.M. Davidson
 1956 Andrew I. McKee
 1957 David P. Brown
 1958 John C. Niedermair
 1959 Olin J. Stephens, II
 1960 Glenn B. Warren
 1961 Mark L. Ireland, Jr.
 1962 Charles D. Wheelock
 1963 Arthur D. Gatewood
 1964 Henry A. Schade
 1965 John P. Comstock
 1966 Richard B. Couch
 1967 Wilson D. Leggett, Jr.
 1968 Matthew G. Forrest
 1969 Douglas C. MacMillan
 1970 Ludwig C. Hoffmann
 1971 Phillip Eisenberg
 1972 John R. Kane
 1973 Jerome L. Goldman
 1974 Roger E.M. Brard
 1975 James B. Robertson, Jr.
 1976 Henry Benford
 1977 James J. Henry
 1978 John J. Nachtsheim
 1979 Philip F. Spaulding
 1980 Peter M. Palermo
 1981 Erwin Carl Rohde
 1982 Jacques B. Hadler
 1983 Jens T. Holm
 1984 Jan D. Van Manen
 1985 J. Randolph Paulling, Jr.
 1986 Robert N. Herbert
 1987 John B. Caldwell
 1988 Lawrence R. Glosten
 1989 Clark Graham
 1990 Lorenzo Spinelli
 1991 Douglas Faulkner
 1992 Justin E. Kerwin
 1993 Harry A. Jackson
 1994 Robert P. Giblon
 1995 John W. Boylston
 1996 Roy L. Harrington
 1997 George R. Knight, Jr.
 1998 Thomas S. Winslow
 1999 Robert J. Scott
 2000 Thomas G. Lang
 2001 Peter A. Gale
 2002 R. Keith Michel
 2003 Robert G. Keane, Jr.
 2004 Donald Liu
 2005 Robert G. Allan
 2006 Edward N. Comstock
 2009 Joseph P. Fischer
 2010 Peter Tang-Jensen
 2012 Kirsi Tikka 
 2013 Jeom Kee Paik 
 2014 Howard Fireman 
 2017 John C. Daidola 
2018 Frederick Stern
2019 Jeffrey J. Hough

See also
 List of engineering awards
 Prizes named after people

References

External links
 David W. Taylor Medalists

Naval architecture
Marine engineering awards
Aviolanda. Aviolanda was a Dutch aircraft manufacturer. The company was established in December 1926 by H. Adolph Burgerhout. Aviolanda mainly produced licensed-built aircraft, such as the Curtiss P-6 Hawk, the Dornier Wal and Do 24 flying boats, and the Gloster Meteor, Hawker Hunter and the Lockheed F-104 Starfighter jets. Aviolanda was the parent company of Dutch helicopter manufacturer NHI. It was eventually taken over by Fokker Aircraft in 1967 and was renamed Avio-Fokker.

Aviolanda had its main plant in Papendrecht.  The production facility in Papendrecht was later used by GKN Aerospace to produce fuselage sections of the NHIndustries NH90.

Aircraft produced
Aviolanda AT-21 target drone

References

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the Netherlands
Defunct helicopter manufacturers
Papendrecht
Former defence companies of the Netherlands
John B. MacChesney. John Burnette MacChesney II (July 8, 1929 – September 30, 2021) was an American scientist. A Bell Labs pioneer in optical communication, he was best known for his 1974 invention of the modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) process with colleague P.B. O'Connor, and for co-inventing high-purity "sol-gel" overcladding for optical fiber in the early 1980s. These inventions were key to the commercial manufacture of optical fiber.

Biography
John Burnette MacChesney II was born in Glen Ridge, New Jersey, on July 8, 1929, to John Burnette MacChesney I. Raised in Caldwell, New Jersey, he graduated from Grover Cleveland High School (since renamed as James Caldwell High School).

He received his B.A. degree from Bowdoin College in 1951, served in the U.S. Army during the Korean War, and subsequently studied at City College of New York and New York University while working in New York City. In 1959 he received his Ph.D. in geochemistry from Pennsylvania State University, and joined Bell Labs, examining electrical and magnetic properties of ceramics and single crystals. In 1972 he turned his attention to glass and then to erbium and other rare-earth materials for fiber optic amplifiers.

MacChesney was an adjunct professor at Brown and Rutgers universities, as well as the Kwangju Institute of Science and Technology in Korea, and held more than a hundred domestic and foreign patents. He received the Charles Stark Draper Prize (1999), the John Tyndall Award (1999), the IEEE Morris N. Liebmann Memorial Award (1978), and other awards from the American Ceramic Society, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, the American Physical Society, Sigma Xi, and the Research and Development Council of New Jersey. In 1985, MacChesney was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering for leadership in the invention of processes to make glasses for optical fiber and for transfer of these processes to manufacturing.

MacChesney died on September 30, 2021, at the age of 92.

References

Sources 
 Draper Prize biography
 Bell Labs press release (Oct. 8, 1999)

1929 births
2021 deaths
Scientists at Bell Labs
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Bowdoin College alumni

City College of New York alumni
Draper Prize winners
James Caldwell High School alumni
New York University alumni
Pennsylvania State University alumni
Rare earth scientists
People from Caldwell, New Jersey
People from Glen Ridge, New Jersey
Harri Hursti. Harri Harras Hursti (born 10 July 1968 in Helsinki, Finland) is a Finnish computer programmer and former chairman of the board and co-founder of ROMmon, where he supervised in the development of the world's smallest 2-gigabit traffic analysis product that was later acquired by F-Secure Corporation.

Career
Hursti participates in the Black Box Voting hack studies, along with Dr. Herbert "Hugh" Thompson. The memory card hack demonstrated in Leon County is popularly known as "the Hursti Hack". This hack was part of a series of four voting machine hacking tests organized by the nonprofit election watchdog group Black Box Voting in collaboration with the producers of HBO documentary Hacking Democracy (2006). The studies demonstrated serious security flaws in the voting systems of Diebold Election Systems. Hursti also appeared in the HBO documentary Kill Chain: The Cyber War on America's Elections (2020).

When Mike Lindell held a three-day "Cyber Symposium" in August 2021, with a promise that he would present "irrefutable evidence" of election fraud in the 2020 United States presidential election, Hursti, who attended the conference with journalist Donie O'Sullivan, said that Lindell's purported evidence was a "pile of nothing" and found no proof of election fraud.

Personal life
Hursti has lived in the United States since 2009.

Awards
Hursti received the EFF Pioneer Award in October 2009 with Limor "Ladyada" Fried and Carl Malamud.

References

External links
 Hacking Democracy: Official Website and DVD
 "Hacking Democracy" HBO Documentary Films
 "Hacking Democracy" (Internet Movie Database)
 Kill Chain: The Cyber War on America's Elections 

Living people
Finnish computer programmers
1968 births
Finnish expatriates in the United States
Wheat lamp. A wheat lamp is a type of incandescent light designed for use in underground mining, named for inventor Grant Wheat and manufactured by Koehler Lighting Products in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, United States, a region known for extensive mining activity.

A safety lamp designed for use in potentially hazardous atmospheres such as firedamp and coal dust, the lamp is mounted on the front of the miner's helmet and powered by a wet cell battery worn on the miner's belt. The average wheat lamp uses a three to five watt bulb which will typically operate for five to 16 hours depending on the amp-hour capacity of the battery and the current draw of the bulb being used. 

A grain-of-wheat lamp is an unrelated, very small incandescent lamp used in medical and optical instruments, as well as for illuminating miniature railroad and similar models.

References

Mining equipment
Types of lamp
Safety equipment
Mine safety
Coal mining
Subaru EF engine. The EF is an automotive engine made by Subaru, introduced in 1984 for the Subaru Justy.
It is a water-cooled, straight-three, four-stroke engine with a belt-driven single overhead camshaft, and a chain-driven balance shaft. It has an alloy cylinder head and a closed deck iron engine block with a bore spacing of . The two-cylinder EK23 engine is closely related to the EF series, sharing the same bore spacing and overall design. The export market 665 cc EK42 motor even shares the bore and stroke of the EF10.

It is the first Subaru engine to incorporate the displacement in its name, and the only iron block Subaru ever.

EF10
1.0-litre (997 cc) two valves per cylinder

Bore x Stroke:  x 

Power:
  at 5000 rpm/ at 3200 rpm with single barrel Hitachi carburetor and 9.5:1 compression ratio
  at 6000 rpm/ at 3600 rpm with dual barrel Hitachi carburetor and 9.5:1 compression ratio
Usage:
Subaru Justy "J10" (limited to some European markets and Asia)
Subaru Libero "E10"

EF12
1.2-litre (1189 cc) three valves per cylinder

Bore x Stroke:  x 

Power:
  at 5200 rpm/ at 3600 rpm with two barrel Hitachi carburetor and 9:1 compression ratio
  at 5600 rpm/ at 3600 rpm with multi-port fuel injection and 9.1:1 compression ratio

Usage:
Subaru Justy "J12"
Subaru Libero "E12"

Power:
  with multi-point fuel injection

Usage:
Subaru Tutto (Taiwan)

External links
 Subaru
 Dusty's Justys

References

Subaru engines
Straight-three engines
Airspeed (disambiguation). Airspeed is the speed of an aircraft relative to the air.

Airspeed may also refer to:

Specific measures of airspeed
Calibrated airspeed (CAS), indicated airspeed, corrected for instrument error and position error
Equivalent airspeed (EAS), the airspeed at sea level which represents the same dynamic pressure as that flying at the true airspeed at altitude
Indicated airspeed (IAS), the airspeed read directly from the airspeed indicator on an aircraft
True airspeed (TAS), the speed of an aircraft relative to the airmass in which it flies

Other uses in aviation
Air-Speed Inc, a defunct American airline
Airspeed indicator, a flight instrument that displays airspeed
Airspeed Ltd., a British aircraft manufacturer

Meteorology
Windspeed, the speed of the air currents

Other uses
Air speed (HVAC)
Airspeed (film), a 1998 Canadian film
Air Speed, a discount skateboard shoe brand sold by Wal-Mart and endorsed by skateboarder Mike McGill

See also

 
 
 
 
 
 Speed (disambiguation)
 Air (disambiguation)
IEEE-USA Award for Distinguished Contributions Furthering Public Understanding of the Profession. Created by the IEEE-USA, the IEEE-USA Award for Distinguished Contributions Furthering Public Understanding of the Profession '"recognize[s] outstanding journalistic or other efforts that lead to a better public understanding of the contributions of engineering professionals to the enhancement and expansion of the social, economic, and cultural aspects of life." The award is presented annually by IEEE-USA.

Previous winners

2000

Jon Katz (Montclair, N.J., Wired, Rolling Stone and Slashdot.org): For his book, Geeks: How Two Lost Boys Rode the Internet out of Idaho.

2001

Stuart Brown: for his articles Big Jobs are going to Micromachines, and Good-Bye Test Tubes, Hello, Labs-on-a-Chip.

David Kestenbaum: for his National Public Radio features, including The Birth of Digital.

2002

Ben W. Stearns: for his book, Arthur Collins: Radio Wizard.

2003

William S. Hammack: for creating public understanding of engineering, science and technology through his weekly public radio series, Engineering and Life.

Ben Shneiderman: “for his book, Leonardo’s Laptop: Human Needs and the New Computing Technologies.”

2004

William J. Mitchell: for increasing public understanding of information technology in everyday life through his book, Me++: The Cyborg Self and the Networked City

Terri Spitz, Steven Cooper and Scott Schroeder:for increasing public understanding of the impacts on engineering employment due to the H-1B and L-1 visa programs through their TV news series, Stolen Jobs.

2005

C. Stewart Gillmor: for his biography, Fred Terman at Stanford, illustrating the importance of electrical and electronics engineering, and the contributions the engineer.

2006

WESH-TV Channel 2 News team consisting of Dan Billow, Travis J. Sherwin, Tom Schaad and Claire Metz: for accurate reporting in the Return to Flight series, which improved community awareness and understanding of the contributions of engineers in the space program.

Paula S. Apsell: For long-term efforts in promoting the understanding of science and engineering through NOVA programs.

References

Science communication awards
Strike Fighter Weapons School Pacific. Strike Fighter Weapons School Pacific (SFWSPAC) is the Pacific Fleet Strike Fighter School which duty is to safely teach graduate level tactics, techniques and procedures to Pacific Fleet Strike Fighter squadrons, it is based at NAS Lemoore, California.  Its Atlantic Fleet equivalent is Strike Fighter Weapons School Atlantic which is based at NAS Oceana, Virginia.

History 
SFWSPAC was established on October 15, 1973, at Naval Air Station Lemoore as Light Attack Weapons School, Pacific (LAWSPAC).  In reality, the history of the school dates back ten years when the Weapons Training Center was established under the co-management of Attack Squadron 122 (today VFA-122) and Attack Squadron 125 (today VFA-125).  When the A-7 Corsair II came into service and the intensified tempo of fleet operations and its training requirements expanded, Weapons Training Center was moved to Commander Fleet Air Lemoore (presently Commander, Strike Fighter Wing, US Pacific Fleet).  Due to the sophistication in attack weaponry and delivery systems, LAWSPAC was formed as a parallel training component within Weapons Training Center, which was devoted to train Weapons Training Officers.

Soon, the Chief of Naval Operations recognized the need for postgraduate weapons training and expressed the desire to create a commissioned unit, the stated goal was that “eventually all pilots and every career aviator should have special training in weapons."  Commander, Light Attack Wing, US Pacific Fleet, commissioned the Weapons Training Center as LAWSPAC, a permanently shored based command at NAS Lemoore.  On July 1, 1988, LAWSPAC was redesignated to Strike Fighter Weapons School, Pacific due to the expanded growth of F/A-18 units in the Navy.  In August 1996, the Intelligence Department of the Strike Fighter Wing Pacific was incorporated into SFWSPAC to enhance the strike planning and support training for fleet squadrons.

Today, SFWSPAC is dedicated to provide standardized graduate level training of F/A-18 weapons employment and dedicated to guaranteeing the combat readiness of the Strike Fighter Community by providing the best possible training in mission planning, tactics, weapons systems and ordnance handling.  Thirty weapons and tactics courses for strike fighter aircraft are taught on a continuing basis.  The total amount of ordnance uploaded in courses totals over 2 ½ million pounds annually.

Currently SFWSPAC is staffed with 23 officers, 29 enlisted personnel and 7 civilians.

References 
 Navy.mi: official Strike Fighter Weapons School Pacific website

United States Navy schools and training
Military in California
Education in Kings County, California
Lemoore, California
Naval aviation education
United States naval aviation
Cable carrier. Cable carriers, also known as drag chains, energy chains, or cable chains depending on the manufacturer, are guides designed to surround and guide flexible electrical cables and hydraulic or pneumatic hoses connected to moving automated machinery. They reduce wear and stress on cables and hoses, prevent entanglement, and improve operator safety.

Cable carriers may be arranged to accommodate horizontal, vertical, rotary and three-dimensional movements.

History 
Steel carriers were introduced to the market for the first time in the 1950s. Their inventor Dr Gilbert Waninger and Dr Waldrich, the owner of the Kabelschlepp, recognized the great potential of these chains at an early stage.

Until then flexibles such as cables and hydraulic hoses had simply been allowed to hang loose from machines, resulting in damage and rapid wear. Nowadays, plastic (specifically, polypropylene or PP) cable carriers are also widely used.

Structure 
Most carriers have a rectangular cross section, inside which the cables lie. Cross bars along the length of the carrier can be opened from the outside, so that cables can be easily inserted and plugs connected. Internal separators in the carrier separate the cables. Cables can also be held in place with an integrated strain relief. Mounting brackets fix the ends of the carrier to the machine.

Besides only bending in one plane due to the rigid jointed structure, cable carriers also often  only permit bending in one direction. In combination with rigid mounting of the ends of the carrier, this can entirely prevent the enclosed cables from flopping in undesired directions and becoming tangled or crushed.

Variants 
Today cable carriers are available in many different styles, sizes, prices and performance ranges. Some of the following variants are:

 open
 closed (protection from dirt and debris, such as woodchips or metal shavings)
 Steel or Stainless steel
 low noise
 cleanroom compliant (minimal wear)
 multi-axis movement
 high load resistant
 chemical, water and temperature resistant

Cables 
Cable carriers are often used with special highly flexible cables to extend the cables' service life.

Application examples 

Cable carriers are used anywhere where there is moving automation involving the transferral of energy, data, liquids or gases. Examples include machine tools, cranes, car washes, medical and laboratory equipment, automatic warehousing, forklifts, industrial robots, offshore oil rigs and stage technology.

Heavy duty drag chains 
While drag chains are used for several applications and made of different materials, heavy duty drag chains are often created using steel due to its durability. This type of drag chain is often utilised within the oil and gas industry for their offshore operations. A heavy duty drag chain is hardwearing due to the nature of the cabling and hoses that they protect.

References 

Cables
Wire and cable manufacturers
Bjørge. Bjørge is an onshore and offshore oil and gas and Marine software engineering and maintenance company. The company is based in Tananger outside Stavanger, Norway.

History
The company was founded in 1977 as a joint venture between Bjørge Enterprise and ETPM (now part of Acergy) to perform offshore maintenance services. In 1995 it was bought by Strand Enterprises, but listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange in 1997. In 1998 the company bought Norcoat Services from Halliburton and Steinco in 2000. The same year Bjørge merged with Solberg & Andersen. 2001 saw the purchase of Scana Moland from Scana in 2004 Eptec was bought. The same year Bjørge chose to leave the MMO business that was heavily dominated by Aker Kværner and Vetco Aibel.

On 20 September 2010 the company announced a plan to spin off its process, fire and safety solutions division into a new company.

References

Engineering companies of Norway
Companies based in Rogaland