omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Majid Al Mohandis. Majid Abd al-Amir Adir al-Attabi (; born 25 October 1971), better known as Majid Al Mohandis (), is an Iraqi singer and composer. His success in the Arab world has earned him the titles of "the Engineer of the Arabic song" () and "Voice of Diamond" ().

Biography
Al Mohandis was born 25, October 1971 in Baghdad, Iraq. He studied Engineering in Baghdad, hence the nickname "Al Mohandis (المهندس)," which means "the engineer" in Arabic. He was raised in a large Muslim family, where he was diligent about work. Upon finishing his university studies, he maintained an interest in arts. Al Mohandis had always aspired to become a musician, despite his family's opposition and anger in the matter; he opposed his parents' desire, however, and finished his higher education besides his lifelong passion: Music. Majid even worked as a tailor for several years while chasing his artistic ambitions. It was then when he had bought himself his first 'oud to practice and evolve as a musician.

He was a featured performer on the fourth season of Arab Idol in 2017. And in 2022 he joined the jury for Saudi Idol together with Aseel Abu Bakr, Ahlam, and Assala.

Personal life
He married a French woman with Tunisian descent, with whom he had his son Muhammed before divorce.

He was given Saudi citizenship by King Abdullah in 2010, while he retained his Iraqi citizenship—amid criticism from some Iraqis.

Discography

Studio albums

 "Wahishni Moot" (2005)
 "Enjaneat" (2006)
 "Ensaa" (2008)
 "Ezkerini" (2009)
 "Layali Februrai" (2011)
 "Ana Wayyak" (2013)
 "Mohami" (2015)
 "Febrayer ElKuwait 2015" (2015)
 "Majid Almuhandis" (2015)
 "Akh Qalby" (2016)
 "Eldenya Dawaarah" (2018)
 "Shahd El Hourouf" (2020)
 "Wahish Al Denya" (2021)
 "Meshtaqelak" (2022)
 "Eateni Waqtan" (2022)
 "Bdet Ateeb" (2023)

Charted songs

References

External links
 

Living people
21st-century Saudi Arabian male singers
Iraqi emigrants to Saudi Arabia
Naturalised citizens of Saudi Arabia
Musicians from Baghdad
Rotana Records artists
1971 births
21st-century Iraqi male singers
Iraqi male film actors
Iraqi male television actors
Saudi Arabian male film actors
Saudi Arabian male television actors
Iraqi Muslims
Saudi Arabian Muslims
Arabic-language singers of Iraq
Arabic-language singers of Saudi Arabia
Matabeleland Zambezi Water Project. The Matabeleland Zambezi Water Project (MZWP) is an ambitious project being undertaken in the arid Matabeleland North province of Zimbabwe.The project seeks to end the perennial water shortages bedevilling Zimbabwe's second city of Bulawayo by bringing water from the mighty Zambezi river to the city.

The project 
The project can be classified as a major project. It is expected to cost US$600 million which is a huge investment by African standards. The project will consist of three phases as follows:
Phase one: Gwayi-Shangani Dam
Phase two: Gwayi-Shangani Dam to Bulawayo Pipeline
Phase three: Gwayi-Shangani Dam to Zambezi River Pipelne

Phase one: Gwayi-Shangani Dam 
The Gwayi-Shangani dam is the first phase of the MZWP and is the core of the project. Commenced in September 2004, it is expected to provide a reservoir for this project. The dam will be located about 6 km downstream of the confluence of the Gwayi River and Shangani River.

Dam type and description
Type: It is a roller-compacted concrete gravity dam, which means it is a dam relying on its weight for stability. 
Dimensions
Length:  305 metres from one mountain to the other.
Width: 60 metres at the base.
Height: 70 metres maximum.
Bridge: Dam will have a bridge at the top of width 8 m.
Depth and capacity
Maximum water depth: 59 metres, 11 metres freeboard.
Capacity: 634 million m³
10% Yield: 210 million m³
Materials used and quantities
Concrete: 300,000 m³
Quarry: 400,000 m³
Cement/water ratio: 0.55
Fly ash/cement ratio: 7:3
Concrete grades: dental 20, other 25.

Phase two: Gwayi-Shangani Dam to Bulawayo Pipeline 
The envisaged pipeline will be 260km. Construction of the pipeline is scheduled to be completed in 2022. In April 2021, the Government of Zimbabwe floated a tender for the construction of the pipeline.

References

Further reading
 "Government floats Shangani Pipeline Tender"The Sunday Mail
 "Mugabe to sign US$600m Zambezi Water Project deal" NewZimbabwe.com
 "Chefs in fresh land grab orgy in Mat North" Financial Gazette
 "Water conservation - Bulawayo" Sokwanele
 "Water and the Potential for Resource Conflicts in Southern Africa" 

Dams in Zimbabwe
Proposed infrastructure in Zimbabwe
Proposed water supply infrastructure
Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook operator. The Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook operator (abbreviated BGK operator) term refers to a collision operator used in the Boltzmann equation and in the lattice Boltzmann method, a computational fluid dynamics technique. It is given by the formula

 

where  is a local equilibrium value for the population of particles in the direction of link . The term  is a relaxation time and related to the viscosity.

The operator is named after Prabhu L. Bhatnagar, Eugene P. Gross, and Max Krook, the three scientists who introduced it in an article in Physical Review in 1954.

References

 

Statistical mechanics
Computational fluid dynamics
Outline of biotechnology. The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to biotechnology:

Biotechnology – field of applied biology that involves the use of living organisms and bioprocesses in engineering, technology, medicine and other fields requiring bioproducts. Biotechnology also utilizes these products for manufacturing purposes.

Essence of biotechnology

 Bioengineering
 Biochemical engineering 
 Genetic engineering 
 Biology
 Biochemistry
 Bioinformatics
 Genetics
 Molecular biology
 Systems biology
 Chemistry
 Technology

Applications of biotechnology
 Antibiotics
 Antibody drug conjugates
 Assays
 Biocatalysis
 Biodegradable plastics
 Biofortification
 Biofuel
 Bioherbicides
 Biomarker discovery
 Biopesticides
 Biopharmaceuticals
 Biopolymers
 Bioprocessing 
 Bioremediation 
 Biosensors 
 Cancer immunotherapy 
 Carbon sequestration 
 Cell therapy 
 Cloning
 Reproductive cloning
 Therapeutic cloning
 CRISPR gene editing
 Drug development
 Environmental biotechnology
 Fermentation
 Gene therapy
 Genetic engineering
 Genetically modified food
 Medical tests
 Metablomics
 Monoclonal antibodies
 Personalized medicine
 Pharmacogenomics
 Plant tissue culture
 Protein engineering
 Proteomics
 Nanobiotechnology
 Recombinant DNA
 Regenerative medicine
 Stem cell therapy
 Synthetic biology
 Tissue engineering
 Use of biotechnology in pharmaceutical manufacturing
 Vaccines
 Wastewater treatment

History of biotechnology

History of biotechnology
 Timeline of biotechnology
 Green Revolution

General biotechnology concepts
 Bioeconomy
 Biomimetics
 Biotechnology industrial park
 Green Revolution
 Human Genome Project
 Pharmaceutical company
 Stem cell
 Telomere
 Tissue culture

Biotechnology industry 

 List of biotechnology companies

Leaders in biotechnology
 Craig Venter
 David Baltimore
 Drew Weissman
 George Yancopoulos
 Jennifer Doudna 
 Leonard Hayflick
 Michael D. West
 Robert Langer

See also
 Index of biotechnology articles

External links

 A report on Agricultural Biotechnology focusing on the impacts of "Green" Biotechnology with a special emphasis on economic aspects
 Building Biotechnology Glossary A glossary covering the science, legal, regulatory, and business aspects of biotechnology
 StandardGlossary.com: Biotechnology A professional Biotechnology Glossary for beginners to learn Biotechnology

Biotechnology
Biotechnology
Mercury swivel commutator. A mercury swivel commutator is a connector mainly used in animal experimentation to prevent the twisting of electrode wires attached to moving animals.

Application
Mercury swivel commutators are typically used in electrophysiological experiments on head-free or moving animals. Whereas electrical recordings from stationary, head-fixed animals can be done with electrodes attached directly with wires to the amplifier and recording setup on a stereotaxtic rig, in freely moving animals a commutator is needed to prevent twisting of the wires attaching the electrode, which moves and rotates with the animal's head (often multiple revolutions in one direction), to the amplifier/recorder, which is in a fixed position.

Mechanism
A mercury swivel commutator is a type of electrical commutator. These traditionally use slip rings for coupling, which can introduce electrical noise into the connection as the contact points slide over the surface of the slip-rings, causing microscopic bumps which result in uneven conductivity. To reduce the electrical noise the contact points need to be pressed against the slip rings with greater force. This leads to resistance when moving the ring, as well as a higher rate of wear. Using liquid mercury as the conductor reduces commutator noise and friction, enabling commutator use for small weaker animals.

Other uses

Many machinery manufacturers have switched to using mercury swivel commutators instead of slip rings. For example, packaging machines have moving parts that are heated to seal packages after they are filled. Slip rings are traditionally used but these can introduce electrical noise and signal degradation into temperature sensing circuit, whereas mercury swivel commutators are more reliable and accurate. Multiple channel mercury swivel commutators also make it possible to pass the power and the temperature signals through the same rotating electrical connector, which has the benefit of minimizing the number of connector parts needed.

See also 
 Neuroscience
 Neurophysiology
 Single-unit recording
 Mercury switch

References

Electrophysiology
Electrical signal connectors
Alkaline precipitation. Alkaline precipitation occurs due to natural and anthropogenic causes. It happens when minerals, such as calcium, aluminum, or magnesium combine with other minerals to form alkaline residues that are emitted into the atmosphere, absorbed by water droplets in clouds, and eventually fall as rain. Aquatic environments are especially impacted by alkaline precipitation. Because alkaline precipitation can be harmful to the environment, it is important to utilize various methods such as air pollution control, solidification and stabilization, and remediation to manage it.

Natural causes 
While most natural rains are weakly acidic, alkaline rain can also occur in natural conditions without the significant impact of pollutants. Natural alkaline rains from semiarid areas carry a substantial amount of mineral dust lifted from desert soil convection and transported by winds. After mixing with water vapor, they are carried by clouds and deposited on the ground in the form of rain dust.

Anthropogenic causes 
The principal cause of alkaline rain are emissions from factories and waste deposits. Mineral dust containing large amounts of alkaline compounds such as calcium carbonate can also increase the pH of precipitation and contribute to basic rain. Alkaline rain can be viewed as opposite to acid rain. Industrial processes such as coal combustion, limestone, chromium ore, alumina extraction, iron, and steel manufacture can cause pollution by producing alkaline residue. These residues are significant and increasing in the global flux and are composed of sodium, calcium, or magnesium oxides that are hydrated to produce soluble hydroxides. Other sources include the surfaces of unpaved roads and soils that are covered in major alkaline elements (e.g. sodium, calcium, magnesium, and potassium).

Impacts of alkaline precipitation 
Alkaline precipitation increases the pH of rainwater to 8.5-10, causing disturbances in aquatic ecosystems. These disturbances can cause physiological changes to aquatic life, changing the rates at which ammonia is dispelled, which leads to accumulation in organisms. The pH change in the water can cause precipitation of calcite from alkaline leachates that suffocate benthic and littoral aquatic habitats, along with reducing light penetration.

Management 
Air pollution control yields two management practices of recycling ceramic material or landfill after treatment. These practices are made possible by several treatment methods of solidification/stabilization, thermal, and combined. The most commonly used method for dealing with these types of waste such as bauxite is solidification / stabilization. Remediation for alkaline leachate requires active aeration in order to promote carbonation, recirculation of drainage waters over stockpiled or lagooned residues, and acid dosing. Strong acids (e.g. hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid) are also used in neutralizing the pH; this is used at active processing plants but the liquid runoff can remain toxic to aquatic environments. Wetlands are also a low-cost remedy for alkaline leachates.

See also 

 Acid rain

References 

Alkaline earth metals
Al-Fahd. The Al-Fahd is an armoured fighting vehicle used by the Armed Forces of Saudi Arabia. It was the first armored fighting vehicle developed and built-in Saudi Arabia. The vehicle is produced by the Abdallah Al Faris Company for Heavy Industries, which is based in Dammam.

The Al Fahd is available in three configurations: The AF-40-8-1; an armoured personnel carrier (APC) or infantry fighting vehicle (IFV) variant, and the AF-40-8-2; an armoured fighting/reconnaissance vehicle (AFRV).

Design

Mobility
The AF-40-8-1 and AF-40-8-2 are similar in terms of 8-wheeled hull configuration, suspension, and transmission.  Internally, however, the vehicles differ in both engine type and engine placement. The AF-40-8-2's larger, 12-cylinder engine is mounted at the rear of the hull, where the AF-40-8-1's 10-cylinder engine is mounted at the front to allow for the troop compartment and rear troop ramp which is not present on or required for the AFRV version.

The Al Fahd uses a variable hydropneumatic suspension which allows the vehicle to adjust its ground clearance by a total of  - between   and  - depending on need.

The vehicle is designed to be able to negotiate slopes of up to 80% (forward) and 55% (side), and cross trenches between  and .

There is also an amphibious version of the Al Fahd available depending on customer requirements.  The hydraulic propellers are optional, so not all Al Fahd's are capable of an amphibious operation.

Protection
The Al Fahd uses a high-hardness steel alloy to offer protection against 14 mm ammunition on the frontal arc at ranges of  and greater, and 7.62 mm ammunition at ranges of  and greater on the sides and rear of the vehicle.  The vehicle also incorporates multiple layers of Kevlar internally to protect the crew and passengers against spall.

Armament
The armament for both the AF-40-8-1 and AF-40-8-2 varies according to customer specifications.  The AF-40-8-1 is capable of mounting anything up to and including a 40 mm cannon, and the AF-40-8-2 anything up to and including a low-recoil 105 mm cannon, the 105mm cannon can be elevated up high similar to the ST-3

Operators

References

Wheeled armoured fighting vehicles
Military equipment of Saudi Arabia
Military vehicles of Pakistan
Eight-wheeled vehicles
Military vehicles introduced in the 1990s
Wheeled amphibious armoured fighting vehicles
Wheeled armoured personnel carriers
Wheeled infantry fighting vehicles
International Association of Plastics Distributors. The International Association of Plastics Distributors (or IAPD) is a trade association representing plastics distributors and manufacturers of engineering materials and semi-finished stock shapes, such as sheet, rod, tube, film, resin, pipe, valves and fittings.

Overview
IAPD was founded in 1956.

Their materials are used in construction, marine, automotive, medical and other industrial applications.

The association consists of about 400 member companies, with almost 2,000 locations throughout the world.

External links
 
 Holy Water Bottles
 Plastic Building Materials

Plastics industry organizations
Plastics
Dassault-Sagem SlowFast. 

The Dassault-Sagem SlowFast is a tactical stealth UAV concept designed by the French unmanned aircraft manufacturer Dassault-Sagem Tactical UAV in 2004. The program was cancelled.

The SlowFast is an evolution of the twin-engine tactical UAV Dassault AVE-C Moyen Duc. The SlowFast designation comes from its versatility to perform high-speed reconnaissance flight (Mach 1.6) and 3–4 hours autonomy low-speed (120 kt) observation mission. Its ground station is based on the Sagem Sperwer's model. The drone was designed for the French Army's needs and was planned to be used by the Ground Force divisions.

Specifications (as designed)

See also
 Dassault AVE-C Moyen Duc

References
 International Online Defense Magazine, Year 2005, Issue #2

2000s French military reconnaissance aircraft
Proposed military equipment
Unmanned military aircraft of France
Unmanned stealth aircraft
Proposed aircraft of France
Dassault aircraft
SAGEM aircraft
Civil Aeronautics Administration (Taiwan). The Civil Aviation Administration (CAA; ) is a government agency of the Ministry of Transportation and Communications of the Republic of China (Taiwan), which is responsible for the regulation of all civil aviation activities. CAA operates the passenger terminals in 18 airports, of which 9 airports are owned by CAA, with the rest owned by the Republic of China Air Force.

History
The agency was established on January 20, 1947.

Organizational structure
 Logistic Division
 Aerodrome Engineering Division
 Air Navigation Facilities Division
 Air Traffic Services Division
 Flight Standards Division
 Air Traffic Division
 Planning, Legal and International Affair Division
 Civil Service Ethics Office
 Budget, Accounting and Statistics Office
 Personnel Office
 Secretariat
 Information Management Office

Airports operated by CAA

International 
 Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport 
 Kaohsiung International Airport 
 Taichung International Airport 
 Taipei Songshan Airport

Domestic 
 Chiayi Airport 
 Cimei Airport 
 Hengchun Airport 
 Hualien Airport 
 Kinmen Airport 
 Lanyu Airport 
 Lyudao Airport 
 Makung Airport 
 Matsu Beigan Airport 
 Matsu Nangan Airport 
 Tainan Airport 
 Taitung Airport 
 Wang-an Airport

Other Subsidiaries 
 Air Navigation and Weather Services
 Aviation Training Institute

Directors-General

 16 July 2012 - 16 January 2015: Jean Shen ()
 16 January 2015 – present: Lin Chih-ming ()

Transportation
The CAA building is located on the grounds of Songshan Airport, accessible within walking distance south of Songshan Airport MRT station of the Taipei Metro.

See also

 Ministry of Transportation and Communications (Taiwan)
 Transport in Taiwan
 List of airports in Taiwan

References

External links

Civil Aeronautics Administration 
Civil Aeronautics Administration 
Flight Information Region In Taiwan

Ministry of Transportation and Communications (Taiwan)
Aviation in Taiwan
Taiwan
1947 establishments in Taiwan
Government agencies established in 1947
Aerodyne. Aerodyne may refer to:

Heavier-than-air aircraft, deriving lift from dynamic motion through the air
Fender Aerodyne Telecaster, a contemporary model of the classic Fender Telecaster electric guitar
Fender Aerodyne Jazz Bass, an electric bass guitar which typically has both "jazz" and "precision" style pickups
Dornier Aerodyne, an unmanned VTOL aircraft
Aerodyne Technologies, a former French parachute and paraglider manufacturer
GPU (disambiguation). A Graphics processing unit, or GPU, is a special stream processor used in computer graphics hardware.

GPU may also refer to

 Gambia Press Union
 General Public Utilities, a defunct American electric utility
 General Purpose Uniform, of the Royal Australian Air Force
 Global Peace and Unity, an annual Muslim conference
 Ground power unit, used to power aircraft on the ground
 State Political Directorate (Russian: , Gosudarstvennoye Politicheskoye Upravlenie), the secret police of the RSFSR and USSR from 1922 to 1923
Dichloramine. Dichloramine is a reactive inorganic compound with the chemical formula . It is one of the three chloramines of ammonia, the others being monochloramine () and nitrogen trichloride (). This yellow gas is unstable and reacts with many materials. It is formed by a reaction between ammonia and chlorine or sodium hypochlorite. It is a byproduct formed during the synthesis of monochloramine and nitrogen trichloride.

Synthesis 
Dichloramine can be prepared by a reaction between monochloramine and chlorine or sodium hypochlorite:

Reactions  
Dichloramine reacts with the hydroxide ion, which can be present in water or comes from water molecules, to yield nitroxyl and the chloride ion.

References 

Inorganic amines
Inorganic chlorine compounds
Nitrogen halides
Gases with color
PL.8. PL.8 is a dialect of PL/I developed by IBM Research in the 1970s by  compiler group, under Martin Hopkins, within a major research program that led to the IBM RISC architecture. It was so-called because it was about 80% of PL/I. Written in PL/I and bootstrapped via the PL/I Optimizing compiler, it was an alternative to PL/S for system programming, compiling initially to an intermediate machine-independent language with symbolic registers and machine-like operations.  It applied machine-independent program optimization techniques to this intermediate language to produce exceptionally good object code. The intermediate language was mapped by the back-end to the target machine's register architecture and instruction set. Back-ends were written for IBM 801, S/370, Motorola 68000, and POWER/PowerPC.

Use 
A version was used on IBM mainframes as a development tool for software that was being designed for the IBM AS/400, as well as to write the "i370" internal code for the "Capitol" chipset used in the IBM 9377 processor and some ES/9370 models and the millicode for S/390 and z/Architecture processors.

References

PL/I programming language family