omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
UHF Follow-On satellite. Ultra High Frequency Follow-On (UFO) satellite system is a United States Department of Defense (DoD) program sponsored and operated by the United States Space Force to provide communications for airborne, ship, submarine and ground forces. The UFO constellation replaced the U.S. DoD Fleet Satellite Communications System (FLTSATCOM) constellation and consisted of eleven satellites. The ground terminal segment consists of equipment and resident personnel at existing satellite communication stations. The satellites are controlled by the 10th Space Operations Squadron (Space Delta 8) located at the Naval Base Ventura County, Point Mugu, California.

Satellite description 
The Ultra high frequency (UHF) satellites primarily served tactical users. UFO provided almost twice as many channels as FLTSATCOM and has about 10% more power per channel. The Extremely high frequency (EHF) package on satellites four through eleven have an Earth coverage beam and a steerable five-degree spot beam that enhances its tactical use. The EHF capability also allows the UFO network to connect to the strategic Milstar system. Satellites eight, nine and ten also carry the Global Broadcast Service antennas that operate in the Ka-band. The Atlas was the launch vehicle of choice; however, space shuttle compatibility existed. The UFO bus and payload weigh . The solar panels spans  and produces 2,500 watts at the end of the planned 14-year lifetime. The UHF system supports stationary and mobile users including manportable, ships, submarines, aircraft and other mobile terminals. The UFO Follow-On system is scheduled for replacement by the Mobile User Objective System (MUOS).

Block Upgrades 
Block 1 satellites had UFH and SHF communications. Block 2 satellites, starting with UHF 4, added extremely high frequency package with 11 channels. Block 3 satellites replaced the SFH communications with Ka-band transponders. Block 4 satellite incorporated a digital UHF receiver and two additional UHF channels.

Launch 
First launch of the UFO took place on 25 March 1993, with constellation completion dependent on replacement needs for the aging FLTSATCOM constellation.

Table of Satellites

References

External links 
 Boeing: UFO System
 GlobalSecurity.org: UFO System
 GlobalSecurity.org: MUOS system

Military communications
Equipment of the United States Space Force
Military space program of the United States
Satellites using the BSS-601 bus
Monument to the Heroes of the Engineer Arm. The Monument to the Heroes of the Engineer Arm (; often called Leul - "the Lion") in Bucharest, Romania is dedicated to the heroism and sacrifice of the military engineers who fought in the Romanian Army during World War I, of whom nearly a thousand were killed in action and many more wounded.

Unveiled in June 1929, it is located at the intersection of Bulevardul Geniului and Bulevardul Iuliu Maniu, across the street from Cotroceni Palace. One of Bucharest's most recognisable monuments, it was financed entirely through donations from veteran officers of the Engineer Arm and executed by .

Set into the pyramidal base are bronze reliefs depicting the engineers in action. Four life-sized bronze statues represent troops from the Engineer Arm — a sapper, a pontoon bridge builder, a Signal Corps engineer and a Căile Ferate Române soldier.

But the monument's chief component is a statue of a lion, which stands atop the pedestal. With his front paws he tramples upon the barrel of a cannon (upon which sits a Pickelhaube); a flag flows downward. The lion symbolises the endurance, daring, and bravery shown by Romanian troops between 1916 and 1918, especially at the dramatic battles during the summer of 1917 — Mărăști, Oituz, and Mărășești.

Carved into the pedestal in relief is the inscription, "Spuneți generațiilor viitoare că noi am făcut suprema jertfă pe câmpurile de bătaie pentru întregirea neamului" - "Tell succeeding generations that we made the supreme sacrifice on the fields of battle for the union of the people". A medallion on the steps at the bottom reads, "EROILOR DIN ARMA GENIULUI 1916–1919" — "To the heroes of the Engineer Arm 1916–1919".

Notes

References
Description page at Oficiul Naţional Pentru Cultul Eroilor, with photograph
 Short history of the Military Engineers' Army
 Adrian Păunescu biography

Monuments and memorials in Bucharest
Outdoor sculptures in Bucharest
Historic monuments in Bucharest
Sculptures of lions
World War I memorials in Romania
Cotroceni
Cobar Airport. Cobar Airport  is an airport located  southwest of Cobar, a town in the Australian state of New South Wales.

Facilities
The airport is  above mean sea level. It has two runways: 05/23 with an asphalt surface measuring  and 17/35 with a clay surface measuring .

Airlines and destinations

Accidents and incidents
On 23 April 2023, Pel-Air Flight 9982 diverted to Cobar after the crew received a cargo area smoke warning and shortly after, observed smoke in the cockpit. The SAAB 340A was operating a cargo flight from Wagga Wagga to Charleville. On landing, the aircraft was met by local fire fighters who entered the cabin to investigate the source, which was found to be electrical and extinguished. The aircraft's floor was significantly damaged by the fire.

See also
List of airports in New South Wales

Gallery

References

External links
 

Airports in New South Wales
Cobar
Frank DeFreitas. Frank DeFreitas (born January 1, 1956, in Camden, New Jersey) is the maintainer of the website HoloWorld, aimed at amateur holographers, and author of Shoebox Holography. He instructs people new to holography how to make simple holograms, for example by using a laser pointer.

He started working on holography in 1983 with no formal training in science. He is a 2007 recipient of the International Holography Fund (IHF) grant award program, for the documentation of creative holographic artists through internet broadcasting and has provided laser and holography educational programs for schools, ranging from elementary to university level. He hosts an 

+, HoloTalk and has recently begun publishing a free companion e-zine.

References 

Holography
Living people
1956 births
People from Camden, New Jersey
Lockhart River Airport. Lockhart River Airport  (also known as Iron Range Airport) is an airport in Lockhart River, Queensland, Australia, located approximately  north of Cairns on the eastern coast of Cape York Peninsula. Being so remote with the road to Lockhart River being unpassable during the tropical wet season, the airport provides a vital transport hub for the community as well as being the only means of freighting in critical medical and other supplies during the summer months.

History
The airport was constructed during World War II, and was used as a bomber and communications base for many years. Known World War II United States Army Air Forces Fifth Air Force units assigned to Iron Range Airport were:

 22d Bombardment Group, (29 September 1942 – 4 February 1943)
 19th Bombardment Squadron, (15 September 1942 – 4 February 1943) B-26 Marauder
 33d Bombardment Squadron, (29 September 1942 – 4 February 1943) B-26 Marauder

 90th Bombardment Group, (November 1942 – February 1943) (Headquarters)
 64th Bombardment Squadron (43d Bombardment Group), (12 October – 8 November 1942) B-17 Flying Fortress
 65th Bombardment Squadron (43d Bombardment Group), (13 October – 7 November 1942) B-17 Flying Fortress
 403d Bombardment Squadron (43d Bombardment Group), (17 October – 23 November 1942) B-17 Flying Fortress

In addition, the 479th Service Squadron provided supplies for the B-26 and B-17s assigned to the airport, as well as operating a repair and maintenance depot for B-24 Liberator aircraft.

Airlines and destinations

Accidents and incidents

On 7 May 2005 a Fairchild Metroliner aircraft crashed  north-west of Lockhart River Airport, killing all 15 people on board. The aircraft had flown from Bamaga and was preparing to land at the airport.

See also
 United States Army Air Forces in Australia (World War II)
 List of airports in Queensland

References

External links
Lockhart River Airport Upgrade Proposal

Airports in Queensland
Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces in Australia
Buildings and structures in Far North Queensland
Queensland in World War II
12-bit computing. Before the widespread adoption of ASCII in the late 1960s, six-bit character codes were common and a 12-bit word, which could hold two characters, was a convenient size. This also made it useful for storing a single decimal digit along with a sign. Possibly the best-known 12-bit CPUs are the PDP-8 and its descendants (such as the Intersil 6100 microprocessor), which were produced in various forms from August 1963 to mid-1990. Many analog to digital converters (ADCs) have a 12-bit resolution. Some PIC microcontrollers use a 12-bit instruction word but handle only 8-bit data.

12 binary digits, or 3 nibbles (a 'tribble'), have 4096 (10000 octal, 1000 hexadecimal) distinct combinations. Hence, a microprocessor with 12-bit memory addresses can directly access 4096 words (4 kW) of word-addressable memory. IBM System/360 instruction formats use a 12-bit displacement field which, added to the contents of a base register, can address 4096 bytes of memory in a region that begins at the address in the base register.

List of 12-bit computer systems
 Digital Equipment Corporation
 PDP-5
 PDP-8
 DECmate, a personal computer based on the Intersil 6100
 PDP-12
 PDP-14
 Ford EEC I automotive engine control unit
 Toshiba TLCS-12 microprocessor
 Intersil IM6100 microprocessor (PDP-8-compatible)
 Control Data Corporation
 CDC 160 series computers
 CDC 6600 - Peripheral Processor (PP)
 National Cash Register NCR 315
 Scientific Data Systems SDS 92
 Nuclear Data, Inc. ND812
 PC12 minicomputer
 Ferranti Argus
 LINC, later commercialized by DEC as the LINC-8

See also
 FAT12, a file system with 12-bit wide cluster entries

References

External links
 DIGITAL Computing Timeline: 12-bit architecture

Computer data
HAMDY mine. The HAMDY mine is an Egyptian directional fragmentation landmine based on the US Claymore mine, produced by the Maasara Company. The mine consists of a rectangular sand-colored plastic main body with a convex face, inside which is a layer of approximately 700 steel fragments embedded in a main charge of cast explosive. The mine is supported by two sets of scissor type legs. On the top of the mine is a crude peep sight, and two detonator wells which accept electrical command detonators or MUV style trip fuzes. When triggered the mine scatters fragments in an arc of 60 degrees to a range of 50 meters and a height of approximately two meters.

The mine has been used in Afghanistan and Angola.

References
 Jane's Mines and Mine Clearance 2005-2006
 Brassey's Essential Guide To Anti-Personnel Landmines, Eddie Banks
 

Anti-personnel mines
Weapons of Egypt
Adventure Master. Adventure Master was a system for writing text adventures with graphics. It was written by Christopher Chance and published by CBS Software in 1984. It ran on Apple II+/IIe/IIc, Atari, Commodore 64 and IBM Personal and PC/PCjr computers. It came with a few test adventures such as Clever Catacombs (by Christopher Chance), Becca in Outlaw Cave and Wild Trails (by the author Jean Craighead George).

References

1984 software
Interactive fiction engines
Video game development software
ISO 13399. ISO 13399 (Cutting tool data representation and exchange) is an international technical standard by ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) for the computer-interpretable representation and exchange of industrial product data about cutting tools and toolholders. The objective is to provide a mechanism capable of describing product data regarding cutting tools, independent from any particular system. The nature of this description makes it suitable not only for neutral file exchange (free of proprietary format constraints), but also as a basis for implementing and sharing product databases and archiving, regarding cutting tools.

Typically ISO 13399 can be used to exchange data between computer-aided design (CAD), computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), computer-aided engineering (CAE), tool management software, product data management (PDM/EDM), manufacturing resource planning (MRP) or enterprise resource planning (ERP), and other computer-aided technologies (CAx) and systems.

The usage of the ISO 13399 standard will simplify the exchange of data for cutting tools. Expected results are lower cost for managing the information about tools and a more accurate and efficient usage of manufacturing resources. The ISO 13399 has been developed with contributions from AB Sandvik Coromant, the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Kennametal Inc, and Ferroday Ltd.

ISO 13399 is developed and maintained by the ISO technical committee TC 29, Small tools, sub-committee WG34. Like other ISO and IEC standards ISO 13399 is copyright by ISO and is not freely available.

See also 
List of ISO standards 12000–13999#ISO_13000_–_ISO_13999

References

External links
 STEP Ship team  ISO TC 184/SC 4/WG 3/T 23
The STEP Module Repository on SourceForge
CAx Implementor Forum - information on existing implementations and testing activities
 STEP APPLICATION HANDBOOK ISO 10303 VERSION 3
WikiSTEP - tutorial and overview information about STEP and recommended practises
ISO 13399 Maintenance Agency (French/English)
STEP File Analyzer and Viewer

13399
CAD file formats
Machining
Igneous textures. Igneous textures include the rock textures occurring in igneous rocks. Igneous textures are used by geologists in determining the mode of origin of igneous rocks and are used in rock classification. The six main types of textures are phaneritic, aphanitic, porphyritic, glassy, pyroclastic, and pegmatitic.

Aphanitic (a = not, phaner = visible) rocks, in contrast to phaneritic rocks, typically form from lava which crystallize rapidly on or near Earth's surface. When extrusive rocks make contact with the atmosphere they cool quickly, so the minerals do not have time to form large crystals. The individual crystals in an aphanitic igneous rock are not distinguishable to the naked eye. Examples of aphanitic igneous rock include basalt, andesite, and rhyolite.

Glassy or vitreous textures occur during some volcanic eruptions when the lava is quenched so rapidly that crystallization cannot occur. The result is a natural amorphous glass with few or no crystals. Examples include obsidian.

Pegmatitic texture occurs during magma cooling when some minerals may grow so large that they become massive (the size ranges from a few centimetres to several metres). This is typical of pegmatites. Pegmatites are most commonly formed as coarse-grained igneous rocks of granitic composition, containing large clasts of gemstones such as amazonite, garnet, and topaz.

Phaneritic (phaner = visible) textures are typical of intrusive igneous rocks, these rocks crystallized slowly below Earth's surface. As magma cools slowly the minerals have time to grow and form large crystals. The minerals in a phaneritic igneous rock are sufficiently large to see each individual crystal with the naked eye. Examples of phaneritic igneous rocks are gabbro, diorite, and granite.

Porphyritic textures develop when conditions during the cooling of magma change relatively quickly. The earlier formed minerals will have formed slowly and remain as large crystals, whereas, sudden cooling causes the rapid crystallization of the remainder of the melt into a fine-grained (aphanitic) matrix. The result is an aphanitic rock with some larger crystals (phenocrysts) embedded within its matrix. Porphyritic texture also occurs when magma crystallizes below a volcano but is erupted before completing crystallization thus forcing the remaining lava to crystallize more rapidly with much smaller crystals.

Pyroclastic (pyro = igneous, clastic = fragment) textures occur when explosive eruptions blast the lava into the air resulting in fragmental, typically glassy material which falls as volcanic ash, lapilli, and volcanic bombs.

References
E.J. Tarbuck and F.K. Lutgens, Earth An introduction to physical geology. seventh edition, Prentice Hall, 2002.
 Kevin Hefferan and John O'Brien, Earth Materials. First Edition, Wiley-Blackwell, 2010

Igneous petrology
AOT. AOT may refer to:

Science and technology
 Abstract object theory
 Aerosol OT, a common chemical reagent; see Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate
 Aerosol Optical Thickness, a measure for the concentration of aerosols determined by light absorption from Remote Sensing data.   
 Ahead-of-time compilation, an implementation approach for programming languages
 Assisted outpatient treatment, an implementation of mental-health law in the U.S.

Transport
 Aeronautical operations technician
 Airports of Thailand, an airport operator
 Aosta Airport (IATA code), Italy
 Autorité organisatrice de transports, a French legal structure for the provision of public transport
 A US Navy hull classification symbol: Transport oiler (AOT)

Media
 Army of Two, a video game
 Attack on Titan, a Japanese manga series by Hajime Isayama

Other uses 
Academy of Technology, an engineering college in West Bengal, India
 A.O. Trikala, a football club in Trikala, Greece
 Archives Office of Tasmania, Government archives office of Tasmania, Australia
Hot air solder leveling. HASL or HAL (for hot air (solder) leveling) is a type of finish used on printed circuit boards (PCBs).

The PCB is typically dipped into a bath of molten solder so that all exposed copper surfaces are covered by solder. Excess solder is removed by passing the PCB between hot air knives.

HASL can be applied with or without lead (Pb), but only lead-free HASL is RoHS compliant.

Advantages of HASL 
 Excellent wetting during component soldering.
 Avoids copper corrosion.

Disadvantages of HASL 
 Low planarity on vertical levelers may make this surface finish unsuitable for use with fine pitch components. Improved planarity can be achieved using a horizontal leveler.
 High thermal stress during the process may introduce defects into PCB.

See also 
 Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold (ENIG)
 Immersion Silver (IAg)
 Organic Solderability Preservative (OSP)
 Reflow soldering
 Wave soldering

Printed circuit board manufacturing
Soldering
Elastic bandage. An elastic bandage  is a "stretchable bandage used to create localized pressure". Elastic bandages are commonly used to treat muscle sprains and strains by reducing the flow of blood to a particular area by the application of even stable pressure which can restrict swelling at the place of injury. Elastic bandages are also used to treat bone fractures. Padding is applied to the fractured limb, then a splint (usually plaster) is applied. The elastic bandage is then applied to hold the splint in place and to protect it. This is a common technique for fractures which may swell, which would cause a cast to function improperly. These types of splints are usually removed after swelling has decreased and then a fiberglass or plaster cast can be applied.

Due to the risk of latex allergies among users, the original composition of elastic bandages has changed. While some bandages are still manufactured with latex, many woven and knitted elastic bandages provide adequate compression without the use of natural rubber or latex. The modern elastic bandage is constructed from cotton, polyester and latex-free elastic yarns. By varying the ratio of cotton, polyester, and the elastic yarns within a bandage, manufacturers are able to offer various grades of compression and durability in their wraps. Often aluminum or stretchable clips are used to fasten the bandage in place once it has been wrapped around the injury. Some elastic bandages even use Velcro closures to secure and stabilize the wrap in place.

Aside from use in sports medicine and by orthopedists, elastic bandages are popular in the treatment of lymphedema and other venous conditions.  However, some compression wraps are inadequate for the treatment of lymphedema or chronic venous insuffiency.  They provide a high resting compression and low active compression.  A more appropriate use for compression in treating lymphedema or other edema conditions would be TG shapes, tensoshapes, compression socks or compression wraps for acute conditions or exacerbation.  Physical therapists and occupational therapists have special training and certifications to apply appropriate compression wraps for edema and lymphedema.  Elastic bandages can also be used for rehabilitating injured animals through veterinary medicine. Their use in mud wraps produces temporary weight loss by inducing sweating, which is regained after restoring a healthy level of hydration by consuming water.

Elastic bandages should not be confused with compression therapy devices designed for the purpose of venous edema management or lymphedema management.  Such devices are specifically designed to deliver graduated compression from the ankle to the knee, to assist with venous return.

See also

 Elastic therapeutic tape
 Cohesive bandage
 Buddy wrapping
 Athletic taping

References

First aid
John Bradshaw Gass. John Bradshaw Gass (18 June 1855, Annan – 3 July 1939) was a Scottish architect and artist.

Hs was a nephew of J. J. Bradshaw, the founder of Bradshaw Gass & Hope, and received the Ashbury Prize for Civil Engineering at Owens College, later Manchester University. Gass assisted Sir Ernest George's London practice before becoming a pupil of his uncle at Bolton in 1880.

In 1882, when Gass became a partner, the firm adopted the style Bradshaw & Gass.

Like Sir Edwin Lutyens, another traditionalist and pupil of Ernest George, Gass designed country houses in period and vernacular styles.

From 1917 to 1925, Gass designed the Methodist College at Medak in Andhra Pradesh, which, like Lutyens’ New Delhi work is organised, in the grand manner, around a central axis.

Gass was known as watercolour artist, first exhibiting his work at the Royal Academy in 1879. In later life he frequently travelled and filled more than twenty albums with sketches of North Africa and Asia.

References

 
 A. Stuart Gray, (1985) Edwardian Architecture, A Biographical Dictionary, .
 Austen Redman (2007), Bolton Civic Centre and the Classical Revival Style of Bradshaw Gass & Hope in Clare Hartwell & Terry Wyke (editors), Making Manchester, Lancashire & Cheshire Antiquarian Society, 

1855 births
1939 deaths
Architects from Greater Manchester
People from Bolton
CLUMEQ. CLUMEQ (Consortium Laval-UQAM-McGill and Eastern Quebec) was a Supercomputer based in McGill University  founded in 2001 and has received two successive grants from the Canada Foundation for innovation. In 2011 CLUMEQ and its partner organization RQCHP were consolidated into a new consortium Calcul Québec.

Computers

Past
Beowulf Cluster
256 CPUs
AMD Athlon 1900+ 
1.6 GHz and 1.5 GB RAM / CPU 
Myrinet-2000 Switch 
366 GB RAID-5 storage

SGI Origin 3800
Sixty-four 600 MHz MIPS R14000 microprocessors
128 GB RAM
1.6 TB storage

Colosse
 960 Sun Blade X6275 nodes (7680 cores total)
 23 TB RAM
 Infiniband QDR network
 1000 TB storage

Krylov
 48 Sun Fire X4100 nodes (300 cores total)
 384 GB RAM
 15 TB storage

Guillimin
 1200 compute nodes * 2 Intel Xeon 5650 hexa-core CPUs per node = 14400 cores @ 2.66 GHz
 46 TB RAM
 Infiniband QDR network
 2 PB storage

References

External links
CLUMEQ official site
The latest supercomputer, article in McGill Reporter

Supercomputer sites