omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Carr (landform). A carr is a type of waterlogged wooded terrain that, typically, represents a succession stage between the original reedy marsh and the likely eventual formation of forest in a sub-maritime climate. Carrs are wetlands that are dominated by shrubs rather than trees. The carr is one stage in a hydrosere: the progression of vegetation beginning from a terrain submerged by fresh water along a river or lake margin. In sub-maritime regions, it begins with reed-marsh. As the reeds decay, the soil surface eventually rises above the water, creating fens that allow vegetation such as sedge to grow. As this progression continues, riparian trees and bushes appear and a carr landscape is created – in effect a wooded fen in a waterlogged terrain. At this stage, overall, unlike the overwhelming acidity of decaying reeds, the pH is not too acidic and the soil is not too deficient in minerals, making a habitat for endemic and other wildlife. Characteristic water-tolerant trees include alder and willow.

Etymology
The word carr derives from the Old Norse kjarr, meaning "brushwood" in the word kjarr-mýrr, meaning "marsh overgrown with brushwood." Other descendants of kjarr include Icelandic kjarr "brushwood"; Norwegian kjarr, kjerr "brushwood"; Danish kær "swamp", Swedish kärr, same meaning.

References 

Landforms
Wetlands

no:Sumpskogsmark
sv:Sumpskog
Flammé (yarn). See flammé (vexillology) for the flag design.
Flammé yarns are a kind of novelty yarn. It is generally a loose or untwisted core wrapped by at least one other strand. The extra element can be a metallic thread, or a much-thicker or much-narrower strand of yarn, or yarn that varies between thick and thin. Some companies have come to put twin yarns on the market to show off combinations of one regular yarn and novelty yarns in assorted colors or even two different types of novelty yarns.

Yarn
Ribbon yarn. Ribbon yarn or tape yarn is a kind of novelty yarn. It is made of ribbon, but generally not the kind of ribbon used in sewing and millinery. Rather, they are ribbons made especially for knitting or crocheting, with some in a tubular form, some woven flat, and some similar in appearance to Bias tape. Ribbon yarns can be composed of many materials, from synthetics to silk to plant fibers.

Yarn
Bellanca 28-92. The Bellanca 28-92 Trimotor was a racing aircraft built to compete in the Istres-Damascus-Paris Air Race of 1937, and was paid for by popular subscription in Romania. Christened Alba Julia ("White Julia", registration YR-AHA) it was piloted by Captain Alexander Papana of the Romanian Air Force .

Design and development
The aircraft was a low-wing cantilever monoplane with a similar fuselage to the Bellanca 28-70 and 28-90, but was fitted with three engines, one in the nose, and one in each of two underwing nacelles. The nacelles also housed the main undercarriage units when retracted.

The fuselage was of tubular steel construction and covered by aluminum back to the cockpit. Aft of the cockpit, the fuselage was covered with fabric. The wings and tail were plywood-covered, and the control surfaces were covered by fabric. The main undercarriage partially retracted into the rear of the wing engine nacelles, but the tailwheel did not retract.

Installed in each wing of the aircraft was a 250-HP (186 kW) Menasco C6S4 Super Buccaneer engine. The C6S4 was a direct drive, air-cooled, inverted, straight-six aircraft engine. The C6S4 was supercharged and displaced 544 cu. in. (8.9 L). Each C6S4 engine drove a 6-ft.  diameter, two-blade, adjustable-pitch propeller.

A 420-HP (313 kW) Ranger SGV-770 engine was in the nose of the 28–92. The SGV-770 was an air-cooled, inverted, V-12 engine. The engine was supercharged, displaced 773 cu. in. (12.7 L), and had gear reduction for the 8-ft.  diameter, two-blade, adjustable-pitch propeller.

All of the trimotor's engines were hand cranked to start. The 28-92 had a fuel capacity of around 715 gallons (2,707 L). The aircraft had a span of 46-ft. , a length of , and weighed  empty. The 28-92 had a top speed of  and a  range at  or a  range at . Landing speed was .

Operational history
In 1938, Bellanca re-registered the aircraft in the United States as NX2433 and entered it in the Bendix Trophy cross-country race. Frank Cordova was the pilot for the race, and the trimotor flew as race number 99. Unfortunately, because of engine trouble, the aircraft did not finish the cross-country race.

The aircraft competed in the 1939 Bendix Trophy race, placing second, piloted by Arthur Bussy. After being sold in South America, the 28-92 ended its days rotting in a small field in Ecuador.

Specifications

See also

Notes

References

External links

 aerofiles.com Aerofiles - Bellanca
Bellanca 28-92, FliegerWeb.com in German but a lot of technical data

28-92
1930s United States sport aircraft
Trimotors
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1937
COF. COF may refer to:

 Canadian Orienteering Federation, governing body of orienteering in Canada
 Capital One Financial (NYSE: COF), a United States bank
Certificate of Fitness (automotive), may appear on invoice after repair or servicing indicating vehicle is "road ready"
 Circle of fifths, a concept in music theory
 Coefficient of friction, the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together
 Cofactor (linear algebra), in linear algebra, cof(A) refers to the sum of the matrix A's
 Coffin Store, a Finnish subsidiary of Crystal's
 Congreso Obrero de Filipinas, in the Philippines
 Cofidis (cycling team), French cycling team
 Covalent organic framework, two-dimensional and three-dimensional organic solids with extended structures
 Cradle Of Filth, an English extreme metal band
 Patrick Space Force Base (IATA: COF), a United States Space Force Base in Florida
Utility aircraft. A utility aircraft is a general-purpose light airplane or helicopter, usually used for transporting people, freight, or other supplies, but also used for other duties when more specialized aircraft are not required or available.

The term can also refer to an aircraft type certificated under American, Canadian, European, or Australian regulations as a Utility Category Aircraft, which indicates that it is permitted to conduct limited aerobatics. The approved maneuvers include chandelles, lazy eights, spins, and steep turns over 60° of bank.

In the United States, military utility aircraft are given the prefix U in their designations.

See also
 FAR Part 23 (refers to "utility category" in United States aviation regulations)
 
 Utility helicopter
 Angel Flight

References

Aircraft by type
Amit Singhal. Amitabh Kumar "Amit" Singhal (born September 1968) is a former senior vice president at Google Inc., having been a Google Fellow and the head of Google's Search team for 15 years.

Biography 
Born in Jhansi, a city in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India, Singhal received a Bachelor of Engineering degree in computer science from IIT Roorkee in 1989. He continued his computer science education in the United States, and received an M.S. degree from University of Minnesota Duluth in 1991. He wrote about his time at the University of Minnesota Duluth:

Singhal continued his studies at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, and received a Ph.D. degree in 1996. At Cornell, Singhal studied with Gerard Salton, a pioneer in the field of information retrieval, the academic discipline which forms the foundation of modern search. John Battelle, in his book The Search, calls Gerard Salton "the father of digital search." After getting a Ph.D. in 1996, Singhal joined AT&T Labs (previously a part of Bell Labs), where he continued his research in information retrieval, speech retrieval and other related fields.

Controversy 

He left Google on 26 February 2016, following sexual-harassment allegations.

He later joined Uber as Senior Vice President of software engineering in 2017 but was asked to resign for failing to disclose the reason for his resignation from Google. It was later revealed that Google paid him $35 Million as his exit package.

Career 
In 2000, he was recruited by friend Krishna Bharat to join Google. Singhal ran Google's core search quality department where he and his team were responsible for the Google search algorithms. According to The New York Times, Singhal was the "master" of Google's ranking algorithm – the formulas that decide which Web pages best answer each user's question. As a reward for his rewrite of the search engine in 2001, Singhal was named a "Google Fellow". Singhal served as the head of Google's core search ranking team until his retirement announced on 26 February 2016.

In 2017, he joined Uber as SVP of engineering, reporting to CEO Travis Kalanick, and with his fellow Google alum Kevin Thompson operating as SVP of marketplace engineering.

Honors and awards 
In 2011 he was inducted as a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery.
Fortune named Singhal one of the smartest people in tech.
In 2011, Singhal was given the Outstanding Achievement in Science and Technology Award at The Asian Awards.
He was elected member of the National Academy of Engineering.

References

External links 
 Amit Singhal's homepage

1968 births
Indian emigrants to the United States
University of Minnesota Duluth alumni
Cornell University alumni
American Hindus
Google employees
Google Fellows
American people of Indian descent
American businesspeople
Living people
2011 fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
AT&T people
IIT Roorkee alumni
People from Jhansi
American software engineers
Uber people
Tron: Solar Sailer. TRON: Solar Sailer is a game that was released by Mattel for Intellivision in 1982. The game is one of four released for the console that required the Intellivoice module (the other three were Space Spartans, B-17 Bomber and Bomb Squad).

Gameplay
The game begins by giving the player a code. The player then progresses to a grid-like area with spiders and tanks, which hinder the player with melee and ranged attacks. Although enemies may be fired upon, doing so quickly drains the player's energy. Therefore, avoiding contact and dodging shots is often the most efficient way of navigating the grid. After reaching the correct sector, the player may enter the code to move on.

Bibliography

 Videogaming and Computer Gaming Illustrated, July 1983, p. 35
 Electronic Fun with Computers & Games, July 1983, pp. 58–59
 Videogiochi, Oct 1984, pp. 66–68
 TV Gamer, March 1984, p. 56
 Joystick, May 1984, p. 12

External links
 TRON Solar Sailer at Blue Sky Rangers

Action games
Intellivision games
Intellivision-only games
1982 video games
Solar Sailer
Mattel video games
Video games developed in the United States
Single-player video games
Jane's IAF: Israeli Air Force. Jane's IAF: Israeli Air Force (In Hebrew: כוכב כחול, Kochav Kachol, lit. "Blue Star") is a military jet aircraft Combat flight simulation video game released in 1998. The simulation was created by the Israeli software developer Pixel Multimedia and was released under the Jane's Combat Simulations line from Electronic Arts.

Plot 
The game, which is set in the Middle East, featured a single campaign mode which included several missions and a Massively Multiplayer Online Arena. There were two type of campaigns; the first type of campaigns featured recreations of several historic operations of the IAF such as the 1967 Six-Day War, the 1973 Yom Kippur War, and the 1982 Lebanon War. The second types of campaigns featured several fictional futuristic operations with Iraq, Syria, and Lebanon.

Gameplay 
Between the years 1998 and 2002 a player of the game could log onto Jane's Combat.Net website and find other potential players to play multiplayer games against. The multiplayer version of the game featured an "All-Out-War" mission or "Teamplay" (two teams against each other). There were also two additional aircraft which were available only in the multiplayer mode - the MiG-23 and MiG-29. The game can also be played with others over a LAN.

Development
Jane's IAF: Israeli Air Force was developed by Pixel Multimedia, key members of which were also veterans of the real Israeli Air Force. It was to be published by BMG Interactive, but after BMG closed its doors, Electronic Arts almost immediately picked up the rights.

Critical reception 

Robin G. Kim of Computer Gaming World said that while the game was not the most accurate of flight simulators, it had adequate "realism and manageable complexity". Meanwhile, T. Liam McDonald of GameSpot felt it was a worthy successor to Navy Fighters and ATF.

See also 
Falcon 4.0
Wings Over Israel

References

External links 

Game demo at Internet Archive

1998 video games
Combat flight simulators
Electronic Arts games
Jane's Combat Simulations
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Video games developed in Israel
Video games set in Egypt
Video games set in Iraq
Video games set in Israel
Video games set in Lebanon
Video games set in Syria
Video games set in the Middle East
Video games with historical settings
Windows games
Windows-only games
Victorian Photonics Network. Victorian Photonics Network was a photonics industry organisation for the photonics cluster in Victoria, Australia.  It was established on 23 October 2002 as an initiative of the State Government of Victoria.

The organisation participated in developing a new VCE physics study design.

The chairman is Peter Gerrand, previously CEO of Melbourne IT.

The organisation ceased to exist as of May 2015.

References

Sources
 http://spie.org/industry-resources/photonics-clusters/victorian-photonics-network
 https://archive.today/20060917112348/http://www.mmv.vic.gov.au/Photonics
 http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/08/18/1061059758230.html
 http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/archive/etc/Submissions/prof_learn/australaininstituteofphysics270607.pdf
 https://www.kingfisherfiber.com/about/milestones-achievements/

External links
 Website
 Victorian Photonics Network on Multimedia Victoria website

Photonics companies
2002 establishments in Australia
2015 disestablishments in Australia
Bechtel Jacobs. Bechtel Jacobs Company LLC is a limited liability company owned by Bechtel and Jacobs Engineering Group that served as the primary contractor to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) for waste management and environmental remediation activities on DOE-managed federal government properties in Oak Ridge, Tennessee.

History
Bechtel Jacobs was established as the environmental management contractor for DOE's Oak Ridge operations (including sites in Paducah, Kentucky and Piketon, Ohio, in addition to Oak Ridge) in 1997, when a $2.5 billion management and integration contract was issued to the company. In 2003 Bechtel Jacobs was awarded a new 5-year cost-plus-incentive-fee contract with an estimated value of $1.8 billion. Bechtel Jacobs was replaced as the environmental remediation contractor for the Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant site in Piketon in 2005, after DOE awarded a new contract to LATA/Parallax Portsmouth, LLC, a joint small business venture of Los Alamos Technical Associates (LATA) and Parallax, Inc. Bechtel Jacobs involvement at the Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant site ended in 2006 after DOE entered into a new contract with Paducah Remediation Services LLC (a partnership of Shaw Environmental and Infrastructure and Portage Environmental) for environmental management work there. Bechtel Jacobs' role in Oak Ridge ended in 2011 after the environmental management contract for DOE properties there was awarded to UCOR, a partnership of URS Corporation and CH2M Hill.

References

Oak Ridge, Tennessee
United States Department of Energy
Short-coupled aircraft. A short-coupled aircraft or close-coupled aircraft is an aircraft with a relatively short distance between the wing and empennage (tail assembly) or whatever is used to provide the force that is used to balance the aircraft along its longitudinal axis.  Due to the short moment arm, the empennage has to produce a greater force than usual - often by being larger than for a conventional aircraft, otherwise the aircraft will be sensitive to pilot-induced oscillation. All tandem wing aircraft and many flying wings are short-coupled.

Examples include the Flying Flea and the Saab Viggen.

Aerospace technologies
GeckOS. GeckOS is a multitasking operating system for MOS 6502, and compatible processors such as the MOS 6510.  The GeckOS operating system is one of the few successful attempts to implement a Unix-like operating system on the 6502 architecture.

Overview
The system offers some Unix-like functionality including pre-emptive multitasking, multithreading, semaphores, signals, binary relocation, TCP/IP networking via SLIP, and a 6502 standard library.

GeckOS includes native support for the Commodore PET (32 KB and 96 KB models), Commodore 64 and the CS/A65 homebrew system.  Due to the platform independent nature of the kernel code, GeckOS is advertised as an extremely easy OS to port to alternative 6502 platforms.

Binary compatibility with the LUnix operating system can be attained when the lib6502 shared library is used.

Due to the small fixed-location stack of the 6502, and because an external MMU is rarely provided, multitasking is somewhat limited.  The OS supports a maximum of four tasks when a shared stack space is used.  This can be increased to sixteen tasks when stack snapshotting is enabled, although this is done at the expense of some system speed.

A webserver is integrated into the SLIP daemon.

Unix on 6502 architecture
While early versions of Unix ran on for example early model PDP-11 computers that were comparable to Commodore 64 in terms of memory and processor performance there were architecture differences in terms of lack of a kernel mode, only 3 8-bit registers versus eight 16-bit general registers, and a fixed stack. These architectural limitations make implementing a Unix-like operating system on the 6502 challenging.

The possible non-exhaustive list of other viable Unix-like implementations on 6502 are LUnix, Asterix (Chris Baird) and ACE (Chris "Polar" Baird). GeckOS arguably is more complete in some respects, with ACE being stronger in terms of standard Unix utilities but weaker in the operating system area.

References

Footnotes

Sources

External links 
 Analysis, building instructions

Unix variants
Commodore 64 software
Free software operating systems
Hobbyist operating systems
Lightweight Unix-like systems
Discontinued operating systems
Gnome-Rhône 14M. The Gnome-Rhône 14M was a small 14-cylinder two-row air-cooled radial engine that was used on several French and German aircraft of World War II. While having the same appearance, number of pistons (14) and two-row layout typical of Gnome-Rhône radial engines, the 14M was built to a smaller frame intended to power a lighter class of aircraft. It was designed with lower displacement and power, smaller in size and with less weight compared to the larger, heavier Gnome-Rhône 14N and its well-known predecessor.

Variants
14M-00LH rotation, 
14M-01RH rotation identical to 14M-00
14M-04LH rotation, 
14M-05RH rotation identical to 14M-04
14M-06LH rotation, , reduction gear 0.71:1
14M-07RH rotation identical to 14M-06
14M-08LH rotation, , reduction gear 0.71:1
14M-09RH rotation identical to 14M-08

Applications

Specifications (14M-4)
(14M-5 identical except opposite rotation)

See also
 Alvis Leonides
 Pratt & Whitney R-1535 a comparable engine sometimes fitted as an alternative to the 14M on French designs

References

 

1930s aircraft piston engines
Aircraft air-cooled radial piston engines
14M
China Resources Alcohol Corporation. China Resources Alcohol Corporation (CRAC) is the second largest ethanol producer in China and the owner of the only  cellulosic ethanol pilot demonstration plant in the world which operates continuously, 24-hours per day.  SunOpta BioProcess Group provided the necessary systems and technology to CRAC in September 2006 and the plant began production of ethanol from local corn stover (stalks and leaves) in October 2006.

CRAC's goal is to install 5,000 tonnes per year (1.7 Million US gallons per year) of cellulosic ethanol capacity by the end of 2007 and 1,000,000 tonnes per year (330 Million US gallons per year) by 2012.

See also

Biofuel
Cellulosic ethanol commercialization
Renewable energy commercialization

References

Energy companies of China
James Bevan Edwards. Lieutenant General Sir James Bevan Edwards  (5 November 1834 – 8 July 1922) was a senior British Army officer and politician.

Military career
Edwards was commissioned into the Royal Engineers in 1852. He served with the Royal Engineers in the Crimean War in 1853 and the Indian Mutiny of 1857.

He transferred to the Indian Staff Corps in 1882, and, during the Mahdist War, became Commanding Royal Engineer for the Suakin Expeditionary Force in 1885. He was mentioned in despatches for his role in this Expedition.

On return to the United Kingdom, Edwards became Commandant of the Royal School of Military Engineering. He was then appointed Commander of British Troops in China and Hong Kong in 1889.

Edwards was also selected by the British Government to inspect the forces of the Australian colonies in 1889 and to advise on their organisation. He recommended a structure to enable the colonies to combine for mutual defence, uniform organisation and armament, a common Defence Act, a military college to train officers and a uniform gauge for railways.

At the 1895 general election, he was elected to the House of Commons as Member of Parliament (MP) for Hythe in Kent, but he made his resignation from the British House of Commons in February 1899.

He became colonel-commandant of the Royal Engineers in 1903.

Edwards died in 1922 and is buried in Brompton Cemetery, London.

Family
Edwards married three times: in 1868 to Alice Brocklebank, daughter of Ralph Brocklebank; in 1901 to Nina Balfour, daughter of John Balfour; and, in 1918, Amy Ann Harding. He had several children, including:
Isabel Sybil Edwards (died 1956), who married in 1902 Colonel Edward Charles Walthall Delves Walthall, CMG, DSO, (1874–1961), an officer in the Royal Artillery.

References

External links
 

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1834 births
1922 deaths
Graduates of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich
Royal Engineers officers
British Army lieutenant generals
British Army personnel of the Crimean War
British military personnel of the Indian Rebellion of 1857
British Army personnel of the Mahdist War
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
Burials at Brompton Cemetery
UK MPs 1895–1900
19th-century British Army personnel
20th-century British people