omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Alexander Meissner. Alexander Meissner (September 14, 1883 – January 3, 1958) was an Austrian engineer and physicist. He was born in Vienna and died in Berlin.

His field of interest was: antenna design, amplification and detection advanced the development of radio telegraphy. In March 1913 he discovered the principle of positive feedback independently of Edwin Armstrong, and by applying positive feedback to vacuum tube amplifiers, Meissner co-invented the electronic oscillator, which became the basis of radio transmission by 1920 and has innumerable uses today. The inductively-coupled oscillator circuit he invented is today known as the Meissner oscillator.

References

External links 
 http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9051845/Alexander-Meissner

1883 births
1958 deaths
Scientists from Vienna
Austrian physicists
Commanders Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Thomas Christian Kavanagh. Thomas Christian Kavanagh (August 17, 1912 – May 23, 1978) was a noted American civil engineer and educator, and a founding member of the National Academy of Engineering, serving as its first treasurer from 1964–1974.

Biography
Kavanagh was born in New York City. His father, Patrick F. Kavanagh, was an Irish immigrant and laborer and electrical worker for a New York city streetcar company; his mother, Anna C. Unger, came from Germany. He attended the Technische Hochschule in Charlottenburg (now Technische Universität Berlin) for one year, received him B.S. and Master of Civil Engineering degrees from the City College of New York, and his Master of Business Administration degree in finance and science doctorate from New York University. He then started work as a structural designer for engineering firms in New York and Pennsylvania on railway and highway bridges, sanitary plants, power plants, electrical transmission towers, waterfront structures, floating docks, and refineries, and during World War II was an aircraft engineer.

After the war, he became assistant professor of civil engineering at New York University (NYU) for several years, then full professor at Pennsylvania State University and in 1948 head of its Structures Department. In 1952 he returned to NYU as chairman of its Department of Civil Engineering. In 1953 he began consulting for Praeger & Maguire, which was renamed Praeger-Kavanagh when he became partner, and later Praeger-Kavanagh-Waterbury. While consulting, he continued as adjunct professor at NYU until 1956, and at Columbia University thereafter. In 1975 Kavanagh joined Louis Berger International as vice president, and in 1976 he founded another consulting firm, Iffland Kavanagh Waterbury, remaining a partner until his death.

Kavanagh was responsible for several major engineering projects, including the Arecibo radio telescope in Puerto Rico, the Hawkins Point Floating Bridge on the St. Lawrence River, plans for the subway system of Caracas, and the Long Island Sound bridge crossing. He was a member of twenty professional societies, and chaired twenty different professional working groups. Among his many honors he received the Ernest E. Howard Award from the American Society of Civil Engineers; the David Steinman Medal for Structural Engineering from the City College of New York; the Gold Medal of the Architectural League of New York; and an Honorary Life Membership in the New York Academy of Sciences.

References 

 National Academy of Engineering memorial tribute
 Pennsylvania State University biography

20th-century American engineers
Founding members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Pennsylvania State University faculty
Columbia University faculty
1912 births
1978 deaths
Fred (chatbot). Fred, or FRED, was an early chatbot written by Robby Garner.

History
The name Fred was initially suggested by Karen Lindsey, and then Robby jokingly came up with an acronym, "Functional Response Emulation Device." Fred has also been implemented as a Java application by Paco Nathan called JFRED .

Fred Chatterbot is designed to explore Natural Language communications between people and computer programs. In particular, this is a study of conversation between people and ways that a computer program can learn from other people's conversations to make its own conversations.

Fred used a minimalistic "stimulus-response" approach. It worked by storing a database of statements and their responses, and made its own reply by looking up the input statements made by a user and then rendering the corresponding response from the database. This approach simplified the complexity of the rule base, but required expert coding and editing for modifications.

Fred was a predecessor to Albert One, which Garner used in 1998 and 1999 to win the Loebner Prize.

See also
Albert One
Conditioning
Robby Garner

References

External links
Download Fred simonlaven.com
JFRED mac.com
Turing Hub testing turinghub.com

Chatbots
John Lennon Artificial Intelligence Project. The John Lennon Artificial Intelligence Project is a chatterbot designed to simulate a conversation with John Lennon. It was developed as a "Persona-Bot" by Triumph PC Online, based in Washington, D.C.  Triumph PC's "Persona-Bots" are software programs that attempt to mimic the personalities or quirks of particular historical figures in conversation.

In development since 1997, the JLAI Project (originally called the Plastic Digital Karma Project) claims to have achieved similarity to Lennon's speech patterns, but still has a way to go to achieve the seamlessness of a conversation with a real person.

References
Feature in the Evening Standard
Article in Stereophile
Article in the Austin Chronicle
Official site

Chatbots
Artificial Intelligence Project
Outline of ergonomics. The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to ergonomics:

Ergonomics – study of designing equipment and devices that fit the human body, its movements, and its cognitive abilities.

Branches of ergonomics

History of ergonomics

General ergonomics concepts

Ergonomics scholars

See also

External links 

 Human Factors and Ergonomics resources
NIOSH Topic Page on Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders

Ergonomics
Ergonomics
Outline of chemical engineering. The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to chemical engineering:

Chemical engineering – deals with the application of physical science (e.g., chemistry and physics), and life sciences (e.g., biology, [[microbi
logy]] and biochemistry) with mathematics and economics, to the process of converting raw materials or chemicals into more useful or valuable forms. In addition to producing useful materials, modern chemical engineering is also concerned with pioneering valuable new materials and techniques – such as nanotechnology, fuel cells and biomedical engineering.

Essence of chemical engineering 

 Math
 Chemistry
 Physics
 Fluid Mechanics
 Chemical Reaction Engineering
 Thermodynamics
 Chemical Thermodynamics 
 Engineering Mechanics
 Fluid Dynamics
 Heat Transfer
 Mass Transfer
 Transport Phenomena
 Green Chemistry and Sustainability 
 Process Control
 Process Instrumentation
 Process Safety
 Unit Operation
 Process Design
 Chemical Process Modeling and Simulation
 Engineering Economics

Branches of chemical engineering 
 Biochemical engineering
 Biomedical engineering
 Biotechnology
 Ceramics
 Chemical process modeling
 Chemical Technologist
 Chemical reactor
 Chemical reaction engineering
 Distillation Design
 Electrochemistry
 Fluid dynamics
 Food engineering
 Heat transfer
 Mass transfer
 Materials science
 Microfluidics
 Nanotechnology
 Natural environment
 Plastics engineering
 Polymer engineering
 Process control
 Process design (chemical engineering)
 Separation processes (see also: separation of mixture)
 Crystallization processes
 Distillation processes
 Membrane processes
 Semiconductors
 Thermodynamics
 Transport phenomena
 Unit operations
 Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering

History of chemical engineering 

History of chemical engineering
 Batch production

General chemical engineering concepts 
 Chemical engineer
 Chemical reaction
 Distillation Design
 Fluid mechanics
 Heat transfer
 Mass transfer and equilibrium stages
 Operations involving particulate solids.
 Process design
 Transport Phenomena
 Unit operations
 Polymerization
 3D Plant Design
 FEED

Leaders in chemical engineering 

 List of chemical engineers

See also 

 Outline of chemistry

References

External links 

 Computer Aids for Chemical Engineering Education (CACHE)
 Engineering Learning Resources Wiki
 What is a Chemical Engineer?
 Chemical Engineers' Resource Page
 History of Chemical Engineering Timeline
 American Institute of Chemical Engineers (USA)
 Institution of Chemical Engineers (UK)
 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineers
 Brazilian Association of Chemical Engineering (BRA)
 Engineers Australia (AUS)
 Chemical Engineering Information -Turkey (TR)
 Chemical Engineering Information Exchange)

Chemical engineering
Chemical engineering
Chemical engineering
CFE CFE738. The CFE CFE738 is a small turbofan engine aimed at the business/commuter jet market manufactured by the CFE Company, and is used on the Dassault Falcon 2000.

Design and development
The success of the GE27/GLC38 gas generator development of the 1980s led to the formation of the CFE Company by GE and the Garrett Engine Division of Allied Signal (now Honeywell) in 1987.

The CFE738 is a two-shaft design, consisting of a single stage bypass fan connected via one shaft to a 3-stage low-pressure (LP) turbine at the rear of the engine; with a six-stage combination low-pressure/high-pressure (LP/HP) axial/centrifugal compressor (five axial stages and one centrifugal stage) driven by a two-stage HP turbine, between the fan and the LP turbine, on the other shaft. There is an axial combustion chamber between the compressor stages and the HP turbine. A mixer is built in to the jetpipe to mix cold bypass air with the hot exhaust gases. The engine has an overall pressure ratio of 35:1, which is extremely high for an engine with a centrifugal compressor. Other cycle parameters are a bypass ratio of 5.3 and airflow of 240 lb/s (108.9 kg/s). The take-off thrust is 5,600 lbf (24.9 kN), flat-rated to ISA +15°C (30°C, 86°F).

Chosen to power the Falcon 2000 in 1990, the engine was also first run in May 1990, and it was first flown on a Boeing 727 testbed on 31 August 1992. The CFE738-1 made its inaugural flight on a Falcon 2000 prototype on March 4, 1993. It was certified by the United States Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) on December 17, 1993, and it entered service in 1994.

Applications
 Dassault Falcon 2000

Specifications

See also

References

Bibliography

External links
 General Electric CFE738 page

High-bypass turbofan engines
1990s turbofan engines
M4 flame fuel thickening compound. M4 flame fuel thickening compound is a nonhygroscopic thickener, adi-acid aluminum soap of isooctanoic acids derived from isooctyl alcohol or isooctyl aldehyde, which are obtained from the oxidization of petroleum.  M4 is used in fire bombs and incendiary weapons.

See also
 Napalm
 MK-77

References

Incendiary weapons
Ian Gilmartin. Ian Gilmartin is a British inventor from Kendal in the United Kingdom. In 2006 he invented a mini-waterwheel that generates electricity. The prototype produces 1-2 kW.

The off-the-shelf low-head micro hydro waterwheel system could generate a supply of electricity from a water fall as little as 8 in (20 cm).

Gilmartin is an electrician, but does not own a television and has never lived in a house with electricity.

See also
Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity
Microgeneration

References

External links
 BBC news story
 Waterwheel Invention Promises Cheap Electricity
 Diagrams of the machine

British inventors
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Firewall (engine). In automotive engineering, the firewall (American English) or bulkhead (British English) is the part of the automobile body (unibody or body-on-frame) that separates the engine compartment from the passenger compartment (driver and passengers). It is most commonly a separate component of the body or, in monocoque construction, a separate steel pressing, but may be continuous with the floorpan, or its edges may form part of the door pillars. The inner and outer surfaces of the firewall are often coated with noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) absorber to prevent most engine noise from reaching the passenger compartment. The name originates from steam-powered vehicles, where the firewall separated the driver from the fire heating the boiler.

In competition, firewalls are found in specially prepared cars for compartmentalisation. For example, a typical conversion of a production car for rallying will include a metal firewall which seals the fuel tank off from the interior of the vehicle. In the event of an accident, resulting in fuel spillage, the firewall can prevent burning fuel from entering the passenger compartment, where it could cause serious injury or death. In regular stock cars, the firewall separates the engine compartment from the cabin and can, at times, contain fibreglass insulation. Automotive firewalls have to be fitted so that they form a complete seal. Usually this is done by bonding the sheet metal to the bodywork using fibreglass resin.

In aerospace engineering, an aircraft firewall isolates an engine from the other parts of the airframe. In single-engine aircraft, it is the part of the fuselage that separates the engine compartment from the cockpit. In most multi-engine propeller aircraft, the firewall typically divides the nacelle from the wing of the aircraft, or divides the nacelle into two zones.

See also
 Firewall (construction)

Aircraft components
Automotive body parts
Electric tweezers. Electric tweezers are an electronic device intended to permanently remove hair. The design incorporates a pair of tweezers at the tip. A button on the side of the handle is used to simultaneously close the tweezer tips and turn on the high-frequency electrical signal. The electrical signal is intended to cause the connection of the hair to its root to be weakened and to stop hair growth from the root in a manner similar to electrolysis.

Some electric tweezers have been described using the term electrolysis tweezer epilator or tweezer epilator, but their operation is quite different from that of epilators.

The US FDA has a definition of permanent hair removal, which these devices have been unable to meet. The FDA definition is such that a device can qualify and yet be ineffective for some people.

Plucking (tweezing) is often described as time consuming. Because the tweezers operate on only one hair at a time and it requires several seconds of application on each hair, this technique is even slower than normal tweezing. The US FDA suggests that, because of the difficulty of using these devices, many people end up effectively only using them as tweezers, with no permanent hair removal.

References 

Hair removal
BCO. BCO may refer to:

 Baco Airport, an airport in Ethiopia.
 BioCompute Object, a type of computational file built using the BioCompute standard for communicating workflows in high throughput sequencing analysis.
 Baseball Confederation of Oceania, the governing body for baseball in Oceania.
 Binary-coded octal, binary-encoded octal code
 Biodiversity Convention Office, a Canadian government office on biodiversity.
 Cash Offer, an all-cash non-contingent real estate offer.
 Boulder, Colorado
THT. THT may refer to:

 Tetrahydrothiophene
 Through-hole technology, category of electronic components
 The Hardball Times
 The Terrence Higgins Trust, British sexual health charity
 The History Teacher, a quarterly academic journal
 Thorntonhall railway station, Scotland, code 
 Tamchakett Airport, Mauritania, IATA code
 Talen Horton-Tucker, NBA basketball player
Rafail Ostrovsky. Rafail Ostrovsky is a distinguished professor of computer science and mathematics at UCLA and a well-known researcher in algorithms and cryptography.

Biography
Rafail Ostrovsky received his Ph.D. from MIT in 1992.

He is a member of the editorial board of Algorithmica 
, Editorial Board of Journal of Cryptology  and Editorial and Advisory Board of the International Journal of Information and Computer Security .

Awards
 2022 W. Wallace McDowell Award "for visionary contributions to computer security theory and practice, including foreseeing new cloud vulnerabilities and then pioneering corresponding novel solutions" 
 2021 AAAS Fellow
 2021 Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery "for contributions to the foundations of cryptography"
 2019 Academia Europaea Foreign Member 
 2018 RSA Award for Excellence in Mathematics "for contributions to the theory and to new variants of secure multi-party computations"
 2017 IEEE Edward J. McCluskey Technical Achievement Award  "for outstanding contributions to cryptographic protocols and systems, enhancing the scope of cryptographic applications and of assured cryptographic security." 
 2017 IEEE Fellow, "for contributions to cryptography” 
 2013 IACR Fellow "for numerous contributions to the scientific foundations of cryptography and for sustained educational leadership in cryptography" 
 1993 Henry Taub Prize

Publications
Some of Ostrovsky's contributions to computer science include:
 1990 Introduced  (with R. Venkatesan and M. Yung)  the notion ofhttps://services27.ieee.org/fellowsdirectory/home.html interactive hashing  proved essential for constructing statistical zero-knowledge proofs for NP based on any one-way function (see NOVY and ).
 1991 Introduced (with M. Yung) the notion of  mobile adversary (later renamed proactive security) (see survey of Goldwasser  
 1990 Introduced the first poly-logarithmic Oblivious RAM (ORAM) scheme. 
 1993 Proved (with A. Wigderson) equivalence ofone-way functions and zero-knowledge .
 1996 Introduced (with R. Canetti, C. Dwork and M. Naor) the notion of deniable encryption .
 1997 Introduced (with E. Kushilevitz) the first single server private information retrieval scheme  .
 1997 Showed (with E. Kushilevitz and Y. Rabani) (1+ε) poly-time and poly-size approximate-nearest neighbor search for high-dimensional data for  L1-norm and Euclidean space.

References

External links
 Ostrovsky's home page
 Some of Ostrovsky's publications

1963 births
Living people
American computer scientists
Jewish American scientists
Modern cryptographers
American theoretical computer scientists
Computer security academics
American cryptographers
University of California, Los Angeles faculty
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
21st-century American Jews
Heat press. A heat press is a machine engineered to imprint a design or graphic on a substrate, such as a t-shirt, with the application of heat and pressure for a preset period of time. While heat presses are often used to apply designs to fabrics, specially designed presses can also be used to imprint designs on mugs, plates, jigsaw puzzles, caps, and other products.

Both manual and automatic heat presses are widely available. A new style of press that is semi-automatic has entered the market as well, allowing for a manual closing process with an automatic, electromagnetic opening.  Digital technology in newer machines enables precise control of heat and pressure levels and timing. The most common types of heat press employ a flat platen to apply heat and pressure to the substrate. In the "clamshell" design, the upper heat element in the press opens like a clamshell, while in the "swing-away" design, the heat platen swings away from the lower platen.  Another design type a "draw style press" allows for the bottom platen to be pulled out like a drawer away from the heat for preparation of the graphic. Vacuum presses utilize air pressure to provide the necessary force and can achieve high psi ratings.

Most heat presses currently on the market use an aluminium upper-heating element with a heat rod cast into the aluminium or a heating wire attached to the element. For high-volume operations involving the continuous imprinting of items, automatic shuttle and dual platen transfer presses are used. The substrates to be imprinted are continuously loaded onto the lower platen and shuttled under the heat platen, which then applies the necessary heat and pressure.

The pattern is printed in sublimating ink on sublimating paper which allows the pattern to transfer.

Uses
A heat press is used to permanently apply a heat transfer to a surface. Common transfer types are Heat Transfer Vinyl cut with a vinyl cutter, Printable Heat Transfer Vinyl, Inkjet Transfer Paper, Laser Transfer Paper, Plastisol Transfers, and Sublimation. Using a Heat Press to apply a heat transfer is a way to ensure accurate time, temperature, and pressure, which are all essential to the transfer process.

References 

Handicrafts
Artistic techniques
Press tools
Yang Wei (aircraft designer). Yang Wei (; born May 1963) is a Chinese aerospace engineer and aircraft designer. He is a vice president of the China Association for Science and Technology (中国科学技术协会) and a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院), class of 2017. He is also a member of the Chinese Communist Party.

Biography
Yang was born in Beijing in 1963 with ancestral roots in Zizhong County, Neijiang, Sichuan province.

Education and early career
Yang was the youngest general designer China ever had, completing his undergraduate education by the age of 19, and graduate education by the age of 22 from the Northwestern Polytechnical University. Yang first joined the Chengdu Aircraft Design Institute in the late 1980s, and in late 2001, at the age of 38, he was promoted to the highest rank within the institute as its director.

Career
Since 1998, Yang has become the general designer of numerous aircraft, and he is also one of the founders of fully digitized fly-by-wire control systems in China, a feat that greatly helped him become general designer of aircraft. Under his leadership, it took less than four years to achieve a maiden flight from scratch for FC-1, a record that remains unbroken in China today, and this was achieved while Yang was also the general designer of the Chengdu J-10 double seated version.  Although only being the general designer of the twin seater version of the Chengdu J-10, Yang was the chief engineer of the digital fly-by-wire control systems for both the single seater and the twin seater version of the Chengdu J-10. Due to the nature of his work, Yang's achievements were kept secret and it wasn't until January 2007 that Chengdu J-10 began to appear in a very limited fashion on official Chinese governmental websites, such as the Xinhua News Agency.

Awards
Recipient of Pakistan's high civilian honour Sitara-e-Imtiaz in 2017 for his services to design JF-17 Aircraft.

References

External links
Yang Wei and FC-1/JF-17 Thunder Fighter

1963 births
Living people
Alternate members of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
Chinese aircraft designers
Members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Northwestern Polytechnical University alumni
Recipients of Sitara-i-Imtiaz