omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
National Institute of Urban Infrastructure Planning. National Institute of Urban Infrastructure Planning, the brainchild of Dr. Murtaza Haider (Ast. Prof. McGill University 2002–2006, Asoc. Prof. Ryerson University (now Toronto Metropolitan University) 2006–current) is established at University of Engineering and Technology (Peshawar) (UET, Peshawar) with the grant of US$3.0 million from Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan. Main focus of NIUIP is to address the persistent urban decay and research in improvement of urban infrastructure of Pakistan.

History 

In December 2003, Professor Haider, attended the Urban Research Symposium in Washington, DC, which was organized by the World Bank.   The interactions with urban planners and engineers from the developing countries gave birth to the idea of establishing a new infrastructure planning institute in Pakistan.  Later in June and July 2004, Professor Haider visited the National Institute of Urban Affairs, India and the National Institute of Public Finance and Policy, India, both located in New Delhi, to learn from the experience of Indian planners.

Professor Haider contacted UET Peshawar and the HEC with suggestions to address Pakistan’s urban challenges in a systematic manner. Dr. Sohail Naqvi, executive director of the HEC, was equally concerned about the urban decay in Pakistan.  Professor Haider, who specializes in urban planning and is also an alumnus of UET Peshawar, offered his assistance and Canadian expertise in establishing a National Institute of Urban Infrastructure Planning to be based at UET Peshawar. HEC engaged Professor Haider under the reverse brain drain program to develop the detail proposal for NIUIP. In the start of 2005 HEC approved the proposal and NIUIP was formally established at UET, Peshawar.

Objectives 

Main objectives of formation of NIUIP are to:

 Undertake research in challenges faced by rapidly deteriorating urban centers of Pakistan
 Transform it into a centre of excellence for research and training in urban infrastructure planning in Pakistan
 Train and educate Doctoral and Master students by providing opportunities for research in an applied and problem-solving environment
 Train planning professionals
 Develop collaboration with other such international research institutes

Research linkages 

In September 2005, a Memorandum of Understanding was signed between McGill and NIUIP, UET Peshawar for cooperation through activities as:

 Exchange of faculty and/or staff
 Joint research activities and publications
 Participation in seminars and academic meetings
 Special short-term academic programs

Faculty development and research areas 

Initial research focus of NIUIP is in:

 Infrastructure finance and planning
 Urban transportation planning 
 Urban environment and energy planning
 Water supply and sanitation
 Solid waste management
 Spatial modeling and GIS

References 

 Reginomics Projects 
 NIUIP PC1
 MoU between McGill and UET, Peshawar
 UET, Peshawar 
University of Engineering and Technology (Peshawar)
 Prof. Murtaza Haider's Resume 

Urban planning in Pakistan
University of Engineering & Technology, Peshawar
Elisra. Elisra Group is an Israeli manufacturer of high-tech electronic devices, mainly but not exclusively for military use. It makes  equipment for electronic communication and surveillance, missile tracking and controlling systems, radar and lidar equipment.  The group is composed of three companies: Elisra Electronic Systems, Tadiran Electronic Systems Ltd. and Tadiran Spectralink Ltd.

History
Previously, Elisra was owned 70% by Elbit Systems and 30% by Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI); however, Elbit later acquired IAI's share and Elisra is now a wholly owned subsidiary of Elbit.

Elisra Electronic Systems supplies missile warning systems, active jammer systems, laser and IR detection systems for several kinds of aircraft and ground vessels of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF).  Tadiran Electronic Systems manufactured the Tadiran Mastiff reconnaissance UAV, used by the IDF during the 1982 Lebanon War.

References

External links 
Elisra Group Official Website

Defense companies of Israel
Manufacturing companies of Israel
Olevano di Lomellina. Olevano di Lomellina is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 45 km southwest of Milan and about 35 km west of Pavia.

Economy is mostly based on agriculture, the main cultivation being that of rice.

In recent years Met NewEn is forging ahead with the construction of its first wood biomass power plant in Italy. The 20 MW BiOlevano project is due to come on stream in the fourth quarter of 2011 at a cost of €80 million. A key feature is the development of the wood-chip supply chain. A high proportion (more than 85%) of the plant's raw materials will come from a short supply chain. The BiOlevano unit features very high conversion efficiency (more than 30%) and extremely low emissions, lower than any other biomass power plant in Italy.
The plant, designed to deliver 140 GWhe per year of renewable energy, sufficient to meet the needs of about 50,000 families, will consume approximately 200,000 tonnes/year of wood chips. These will come mainly from poplar trees grown according to the short rotation forestry (SRF) formula, defined as high-density plantations of fast-growing species to be used for energy conversion. Taking into account the carbon capture cycle of its raw materials, the Olevano plant will reduce atmospheric emissions of  by more than 100,000 tonnes/year by replacing electricity generated from fossil fuels.

History
Located centrally in Lomellina, near the right bank of the Agogna, the village belonged to the Counts of Lomello. Some of them took up residence here and therefore received a title from the place. The feudal vassals, named thus Counts of Olevano, settled in an imposing, multi-towered castle probably built in the twelfth century, as we know that it was destroyed for the first time by Frederick Barbarossa. A second fortress was razed to the ground in 1404 by Facino Cane. A third reconstruction was finished in 1420.

Part of the feud was given to the Attendolo-Bologninis by emperor Frederick III in 1469. In 1551 it passed down to the Beccarias for a short time. In 1557 the castle was once more nearly destroyed by the French troops, but a new fortified building sprang up from those ruins and was attacked for the last time in 1745 by the Austrian army. The first drastic changes followed and the edifice was transformed in appearance and lay-out. More alterations from the following century, and the first decades of the present one, have given the building its final appearance, which can be observed nowadays.

References

External links
 www.olevanolomellina.it/

Cities and towns in Lombardy
Albatros Dr.II. The Albatros Dr.II was a German prototype single-seat fighter triplane, the sole example of which flew in the spring of 1918. It was similar in many respects to the D.X biplane, employing among other features the same 145 kW (195 hp) Benz Bz.IIIbo engine and twin 7.92 mm (.312 in) machine guns.

The three pairs of wings were sharply staggered, braced by broad I-struts, and shared parallel chords. All three pairs were equipped with ailerons, which were linked by hinged struts.

Specifications (Dr.II)

References

Further reading

 

Dr.II
1910s German fighter aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Triplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1918
Albatros D.XI. The Albatros D.XI was a German single-seat fighter sesquiplane first flown in February 1918. It was the first Albatros fighter to use a rotary engine, in the form of the 120 kW (160 hp) Siemens-Halske Sh.III, and also featured a new wing construction with diagonal struts from the fuselage replacing traditional wire bracing.

Design & development
The wings had unequal spans with the upper planes having greater span than the lower ones, and were braced by I-struts with an aerofoil cross-section, additional rigidity being provided by twinned diagonal struts from the base of these to the top of the fuselage, located where the "landing wires" of a normal wire-braced biplane would be. The use of a rotary engine necessitated a large-diameter propeller and a correspondingly tall undercarriage.

The D.XI was armed with the same twin 7.92 mm (.312 in) Spandau LMG 08/15 machine guns employed on other Albatros fighters. Two prototypes were built, the first having balanced, parallel-chord ailerons and a four-blade propeller; and the second with inversely tapered, unbalanced ailerons and a two-blade propeller. The D.XI was not put into production.

Specifications (D.XI)

References

 
 Das Virtuelle Luftfahrtmuseum

Single-engined tractor aircraft
Sesquiplanes
1910s German fighter aircraft
D.11
Aircraft first flown in 1918
Albatros D.XII. The Albatros D.XII was a German single-seat fighter biplane first flown in March 1918. It was the last of the Albatros fighters completed and flown before the end of World War I and had the same slab-sided fuselage seen on the Albatros D.X.

Design and development
The first example of the D.XII used a 134 kW (180 hp) Mercedes D.IIIa engine and had balanced, parallel-chord ailerons. The second, built in April 1918, featured unbalanced, inversely tapered ailerons and Bohme undercarriage with pneumatic shock absorbers. Although it was initially fitted with the Mercedes engine, it was later re-engined with a BMW IIIa producing 138 kW (185 hp). In this form, the D.XII competed in the third Adlershof D-Type Contest in October 1918. No further aircraft were built.

Specifications (D.XII)

Notes

References

1910s German fighter aircraft
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
D.12
Aircraft first flown in 1918
Inkha. Inkha is an interactive robotic head which was created in 2002 at King's College London by Mat Walker and Peter S. Longyear.

Inkha uses a camera in its eye to track the movement of people who come close to it.  It moves in a lifelike way based on studies of human movement.  Inkha exhibits fright when it sees sudden movements and interest when it sees small movements.  It becomes bored and goes to sleep if there is nothing of interest to "see".

Inkha also speaks periodically about facts and astrology and gives out fashion tips.

During 2003 Inkha was enhanced to become a Roboreceptionist at the Strand entrance of King's .  This saw the addition of additional sensors, industrial-grade servo motors and a touch screen so that Inkha could give room directions to visitors.  The Roboreceptionist operated for over ten years, giving out over 74,000 room directions and making over 81,000 comments.  In this time Inkha spoke over a million phrases and the buttons on the touch screen were pressed over 140,000 times.  Inkha was decommissioned at King's in October 2014.

Inkha is part of the Science Museum, London's Robots exhibition  appearing in London from February to September 2017 and then touring internationally.

A portable version of Inkha was created and was installed as a Roboreceptionist at the Cheltenham Science Festival each year between 2004 and 2006.

Inkha has appeared on the children's television programme Blue Peter and been the subject of articles in the science journal Nature (reprinted here ) and The Times .

Mat Walker is now working with Dan Warner developing the Ohbot robot for children.

External links
Inkha home page

Humanoid robots
Robots of the United Kingdom
2002 robots
King's College London
Albatros L 65. 

The Albatros L 65 was a German two-seat reconnaissance fighter biplane first flown in  1925.

Design and development
Under the Treaty of Versailles, military aircraft production was restricted in Germany, so Albatros Flugzeugwerke established a subsidiary to build the L 65 in Lithuania. This company was named Allgemeine Flug-Gesellschaft (A.F.G.) Memel, hence the L 65 was also known as the Memel A.F.G.1 (Memel being the German name for the city of Klaipėda).

The L 65 had a single-bay, staggered biplane configuration and was constructed of wood with a plywood skin. The wings were braced by interplane I-struts of broad aerofoil cross-section. Two prototypes were built, the first powered by a 340 kW (450 hp) water-cooled 12-cylinder "broad-arrow" Napier Lion engine; the second had its first flight in 1926 and had a 421 kW (565 hp) version of the Lion. The second prototype underwent evaluation by the Reichswehr to equip the clandestine training school at Lipetsk, but the Heinkel HD 17 was selected instead and no further aircraft were produced.

Specifications (L 65, second prototype)

References

 Green, W. & Swanborough, G. (1994). The Complete Book of Fighters. London: Salamander Books. 
 German Aircraft between 1919-1945

Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
1920s German military reconnaissance aircraft
L 065
AFG Memel aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1925
METAL MT. A machine translation system developed at the University of Texas and at Siemens which ran on Lisp Machines.

Background 
Originally titled the Linguistics Research System (LRS), it was later renamed METAL (Mechanical Translation and Analysis of Languages).  It started life as a German-English system funded by the USAF.

1980
A copy of the Weidner Multi-Lingual Word Processing software was requested by the German Government for the Siemens Corporation of Germany in September 1980 and was nicknamed the Siemens-Weidner Engine (originally English-German). This revolutionary multilingual word processing engine became foundational in the development of the Metal MT project, according to John White of the Siemens Corporation.  

After the Metal MT, development Rights to the Siemens-Weidner Engine were sold to a Belgium company, Lernout & Hauspie.  

The Siemens copy of the Weidner Multilingual Word Processing software has since been acquired through the purchase of assets of Lernout & Hauspie by Bowne Global Solutions, Inc., which was later acquired by Lionbridge Technologies, Inc. and is demonstrated in their itranslator software.

References

External links 
 About METAL

Machine translation
Natural language processing software
Albatros L 77v. 

The Albatros L 77v was a German tandem two-seat reconnaissance fighter sesquiplane, four examples of which were built under license for Albatros Flugzeugwerke by Ernst Heinkel Flugzeugwerke in 1928. Based upon the L 76 Aeolus reconnaissance trainer, the aircraft was powered by a 450 kW (600 hp) BMW VI 5.5 water-cooled V12 engine.

Like the L 76, the L 77v had a fabric-covered welded-steel fuselage and wooden dual-spar wings with plywood skins supported by N-type struts. It was armed with twin 7.92 mm (.312 in) machine guns in fixed forward-firing positions and a third on a ring mounting in the rear cockpit.

Three of the aircraft saw service performing armament trials in Lipetsk in the Soviet Union; these included one aircraft testing a free-mounted 20 mm cannon. The fourth aircraft had been destroyed while undergoing tests in March 1929. Between December 1929 and their retirement in October 1931, the surviving L 77vs were based at the Staaken Erprobungsstelle (Test Centre).

Specifications (L 77v)

See also

References
 Green, W. & Swanborough, G. (1994). The Complete Book of Fighters. London: Salamander Books. 
 German Aircraft between 1919–1945

Single-engined tractor aircraft
Sesquiplanes
1920s German military reconnaissance aircraft
L 077v
Heinkel aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1928
Kelman Ltd.. Kelman Ltd. is a Northern Ireland-based company that produces advanced monitoring and diagnostics technologies for large electrical transformers. It is a fully owned subsidiary of General Electric (GE Energy). Kelman's DGA division was acquired by GE in August 2008 for $50M  and the company's product line became part of GE Energy's Transmission & Distribution Automation business.

Early years
Kelman was initially focused on the electrical distribution. During the first years of operation Kelman developed a number of award-winning products, including a low voltage autorecloser, a circuit breaker analyser and fault location equipment.

Railway sector
In 2002 Kelman became involved in the railway sector and launched SIGNET, an automatic reconfiguration system for the power supplied to the rail signalling network.

Dissolved Gas Analysis
Early in 2003 Kelman moved into the area of Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA), which is the essential test for condition monitoring of electrical transformers. Kelman produced both portable and on-line DGA equipment, which are currently in use by many utility companies.

Sales offices
Kelman's HQ is in Northern Ireland (UK). Sales is handled by GE sales regional teams

References

External links
Kelman's website

Engineering companies of Northern Ireland
Drilling engineering. Drilling engineering is a subset of petroleum engineering.

Drilling engineers design and implement procedures to drill wells as safely and economically as possible. They work closely with the drilling contractor, service contractors, and compliance personnel, as well as with geologists and other technical specialists. The drilling engineer has the responsibility for ensuring that costs are minimized while getting information to evaluate the formations penetrated, protecting the health and safety of workers and other personnel, and protecting the environment.

Overview
The planning phases involved in drilling an oil or gas well typically involve estimating the value of sought reserves, estimating the costs to access reserves, acquiring property by a mineral lease, a geological survey, a well bore plan, and a layout of the type of equipment required to reach the depth of the well. Drilling engineers are in charge of the process of planning and drilling the wells.  Their responsibilities include:

 Designing well programs (e.g., casing sizes and setting depths) to prevent blowouts (uncontrolled well-fluid release) while allowing adequate formation evaluation
 Designing or contributing to the design of casing strings and cementing plans, directional drilling plans, drilling fluids programs, and drill string and drill bit programs
 Specifying equipment, material and ratings and grades to be used in the drilling process
 Providing technical support and audit during the drilling process
 Performing cost estimates and analysis
 Developing contracts with vendors 
 
Drilling engineers are often degreed as petroleum engineers, although they may come from other technical disciplines (e.g., mechanical engineering, electrical engineering or geology) and subsequently be trained by an oil and gas company. They also may have practical experience as a rig hand or mudlogger or mud engineer.

See also
Well logging 
Mud logging 
MWD (measurement while drilling) 
LWD (logging while drilling) 
Geosteering 
Expandable tubular technology

Suggested reading
Hyne, N.J. (2000), Nontechnical Guide to Petroleum Geology, Exploration, Drilling and Production
Journal of Petroleum Technology, Society of Petroleum Engineers

References
Aleksandr Chernyshyov. Aleksandr Alekseyevich Chernyshyov (; 21 August 1882 – 28 April 1940), anglicised Alexander Chernyshov, was an electrical engineer. He graduated from Saint Petersburg Polytechnical Institute in 1907, and worked there until the end of his life. His research consisted of radio engineering and high-voltage techniques. He won the Lenin Prize in 1930.

References
All Russian Genealogical Tree

Soviet engineers
Engineers from the Russian Empire
Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University alumni
1882 births
1940 deaths
Burials at Bogoslovskoe Cemetery
Rolf Eckrodt. Rolf Eckrodt (25 June 1942 – 2 May 2019) was a German automotive engineer and executive, who started his career with Daimler-Benz in 1966 and was CEO of the Mitsubishi Motors from 2001 to 2005. , he is the only non-Japanese person who has held the position.

Career
Eckrodt spent most of his professional life in the automotive industry, but he also spent 6 years as president and later Chairman of Adtranz, an ABB / DaimlerChrysler joint venture in the railway rolling stock and signalling business areas.

After the sale of Adtranz to Bombardier, Eckrodt took an executive position at Mitsubishi Motors in Japan. When DaimlerChrysler decided to sell their shares in Mitsubishi Motors in November 2005, Eckrodt stepped down and retired after 38 years in the auto industry.

From 2008 until 2013 Eckrodt was the chairman of the Board of the Frank Latzer Group and from 2010 until 2013 of Leclanche SA.

References 

1942 births
2019 deaths
People from Borken (district)
Businesspeople from North Rhine-Westphalia
Mercedes-Benz Group executives
Mitsubishi Motors people
People from Gronau, North Rhine-Westphalia
Recipients of the Order of Merit of Berlin
Logic probe. A logic probe is a low-cost hand-held test probe used for analyzing and troubleshooting the logical states (boolean 0 or 1) of a digital circuit.  When many signals need to be observed or recorded simultaneously, a logic analyzer is used instead.

Overview
While most logic probes are powered by the circuit under test, some devices use batteries. They can be used on either TTL (transistor-transistor logic) or CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor) logic integrated circuit devices, such as 7400-series, 4000 series, and newer logic families that support similar voltages.

Most modern logic probes typically have one or more LEDs on the body of the probe:
 an LED to indicate a high (1) logic state.
 an LED to indicate a low (0) logic state.
 an LED to indicate changing back and forth between low and high states.  The pulse-detecting electronics usually has a pulse-stretcher circuit so that even very short pulses become visible on the LED.

A control on the logic probe allows either the capture and storage of a single event or continuous running.

When the logic probe is either connected to an invalid logic level (a fault condition or a tri-stated output) or not connected at all, none of the LEDs light up.

Another control on the logic probe allow selection of either TTL or CMOS family logic. This is required as these families have different thresholds for the logic-high (VIH) and logic-low (VIL) circuit voltages.

Some logic probes have an audible tone, of which vary across models.  A model may 1) emit a tone for high logic state otherwise no tone, or 2) emit a higher frequency tone for a high logic state, lower frequency tone for a low logic state, and no tone for no connection or tri-state.  An oscillating signal causes the probe to alternate between high-state and low-state tones.

History
The logic probe was invented by Gary Gordon in 1968 while he was employed by  Hewlett-Packard.

References

External links

 Schematic of a simple logic tester
 How to make a simple logic tester
 How to make a logic tester using a 555 timer chip
 Elenco logic probes

Electronic test equipment
Digital electronics
Measuring instruments