omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Hartmut Mehdorn. Hartmut Mehdorn (born 31 July 1942 in Warsaw) is a German manager and mechanical engineer. Until May 2009 he was CEO of Deutsche Bahn, Germany's biggest railway company. He was CEO of Germany's second largest airline Air Berlin until he stepped down in January 2013.  In March 2013 he assumed a CEO position at Flughafen Berlin Brandenburg GmbH (FBB), the owner and future operator of Berlin Brandenburg Airport, until March 2015.

Education
After studying mechanical engineering at Technische Universität Berlin, he joined the construction development section of Focke-Wulf in Bremen.

Career
From 1966 to 1978, Mehdorn worked for what later became known as the "Vereinigte Flugtechnische Werke-Fokker GmbH", his last position being that of production head at the "Nordwerke" of MBB (Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm). From 1979 to 1984, he was a member of the management of Airbus Industrie S.A. in Toulouse, France, where he was responsible for production, purchasing, and quality assurance. Between 1984 and 1989, Mehdorn was head of the 'MBB Transport- und Verkehrsflugzeuge' group in Hamburg and from 1985 was also a member of the MBB management team in Munich.

From 1989 to 1992, Mehdorn had a joint function as chairman of Deutsche Airbus GmbH in Hamburg and, from 1992 to 1995, he was a member of the board of Deutsche Aerospace AG in Munich where he was responsible for the aviation corporate division. He was then chairman of the board of Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG from 1997 to 1999, and, from 1998 to 1999, was also a member of the board of RWE where he was responsible for industrial holdings.

Hartmut Mehdorn was CEO and chairman of the board of management of Deutsche Bahn AG in Berlin from the end of 1999 until he offered his resignation to the supervisory board on March 30, 2009.

In September 2011 Mehrdorn took over the position of CEO at Germany's second largest airline Air Berlin, where he had already been on the board of non-executive directors for almost two years.

Other activities
 Russian Railways (RZD), Member of the Board of Directors (2011–2018)

Personal life
Mehdorn is married to Frenchwoman Hélène Mehdorn (née Vuillequez) and has three grown-up children, two sons and a daughter. He said in an interview that he speaks English with his wife because they did not know each other's languages when they met and fell in love during Mehdorn's assignment in Toulouse. His wife speaks French with the children and he speaks German with them. Mehdorn was on the board of Stiftung Lesen. He received the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1982 for his work with Airbus. Mehdorn also became a Commander of the French Legion of Honour in 2004.

References

External links 

1942 births
Living people
Engineers from Warsaw
Technische Universität Berlin alumni
Air Berlin
Deutsche Bahn people
German businesspeople in transport
Engineers from Bremen (state)
Businesspeople from Berlin
German airline chief executives
Recipients of the Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Alireza Tahmasbi. Alireza Tahmasebi (, born 1961) is Iran's former minister of industry and mines. He resigned on 10 August 2007.

He holds a Ph.D. in mechanical engineering from Université Laval. His master's degree was from Shiraz University.

External links
Presidential Bio

Government ministers of Iran
Shiraz University alumni
Université Laval alumni
1961 births
Living people
Date of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Jihad of Construction personnel of the Iran–Iraq War
Nernst–Planck equation. The Nernst–Planck equation is a conservation of mass equation used to describe the motion of a charged chemical species in a fluid medium. It extends Fick's law of diffusion for the case where the diffusing particles are also moved with respect to the fluid by electrostatic forces. It is named after Walther Nernst and Max Planck.

Equation
The Nernst–Planck equation is a continuity equation for the time-dependent concentration  of a chemical species:

where  is the flux. It is assumed that the total flux is composed of three elements: diffusion, advection, and electromigration. This implies that the concentration is affected by an ionic concentration gradient , flow velocity , and an electric field :

where  is the diffusivity of the chemical species,  is the valence of ionic species,  is the elementary charge,  is the Boltzmann constant, and  is the absolute temperature. The electric field may be further decomposed as:

where  is the electric potential and  is the magnetic vector potential. Therefore, the Nernst–Planck equation is given by:

Simplifications 
Assuming that the concentration is at equilibrium  and the flow velocity is zero, meaning that only the ion species moves, the Nernst–Planck equation takes the form:

Rather than a general electric field, if we assume that only the electrostatic component is significant, the equation is further simplified by removing the time derivative of the magnetic vector potential:

Finally, in units of mol/(m2·s) and the gas constant , one obtains the more familiar form:

where  is the Faraday constant equal to ; the product of Avogadro constant and the elementary charge.

Applications 
The Nernst–Planck equation is applied in describing the ion-exchange kinetics in soils. It has also been applied to membrane electrochemistry.

See also
Goldman–Hodgkin–Katz equation
Bioelectrochemistry

References

Walther Nernst
Diffusion
Physical chemistry
Electrochemical equations
Statistical mechanics
Max Planck
Transport phenomena
Electrochemistry
PM2. Parallel Multithreaded Machine (PM2) is a software for parallel networking of computers.

PM2 is an open-source distributed multithreaded programming environment designed to support efficiently distributed programs with a highly irregular behavior (e.g. branch and bound search, computation on sparse matrices, etc.) on distributed architectures. It is distributed under the GPL.

PM2 adheres to the SPMD (Single Program Multiple Data) programming model, in a way very similar to the PVM and MPI communication libraries. The user writes a single program text, a copy of which is launched by a specific load command on each processing node of the current configuration. It is up to the programmer to include branching so as to differentiate between the processing nodes. This way it allows a network of heterogeneous machines to be used as a single distributed parallel processor.

It is primarily designed for medium-size clusters of commodity processing nodes interconnected by high-performance networks, but nothing prevents the use on massively parallel MIMD machines at one end of the spectrum, or as a support for metacomputing over the Internet on the other end. It supports heterogeneous networking configurations, such as sets of interconnected clusters.

Distinguishing features of PM2 include its priority driven scheduling policy, its thread migration mechanisms and its ability to ease the development of various load balancing policies. It can manage several hundreds of threads on each available physical processor. The PM2 interface provides functionalities for the management of this high degree of parallelism and for dynamic load balancing.

The thread management subsystem of PM2 is called Marcel (named after Marcel Proust) and its communication subsystem Madeleine, a French sweet that supposedly played a central role in the life of Marcel Proust. PM2 features an additional functionality to provide threads with a uniform access to data, whatever their physical location. It is called DSM-PM2.

PM2 runs on most Unix platforms.

Development history
PM2 is developed at LaBRI (Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique), a research laboratory located in Bordeaux, France, jointly supported by the INRIA, the CNRS, and the University of Bordeaux. Before that, PM2 was developed at LIP (Laboratoire de l'Informatique du Parallélisme), a research laboratory located at the ENS Lyon (Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon), France, jointly supported by the INRIA, the CNRS and the University Claude Bernard Lyon. PM2 was originally designed by Raymond Namyst and Jean-François Méhaut at LIFL, University of Lille, France.

See also

PVM
Distributed Computing
Parallel Computing

References

This article was originally based on material from the Getting Started with PM2 article, Copyright © March 2006 Team Runtime
The Way the Cookie Crumbles/How much did Proust know about madeleines? By Edmund Levin, May 11, 2005

Free computer programming tools
R. B. Longridge and Company. R. B. Longridge and Company was a steam locomotive works which was established in 1838 at Bedlington, Northumberland, England, by Michael Longridge (1785-1858). The firm was directed by Robert Bewick Longridge (1821-1914), who was Michael's fourth son. It was closely connected with the Bedlington Ironworks which had been bought between 1782 and 1788 (sources differ) by Thomas Longridge, (Michael's uncle) and William Hawks (Thomas's brother-in-law). The Bedlington Ironworks had been building locomotives since about 1827, but R. B. Longridge and Company was a new and up-to-date locomotive factory.

Locomotives
The first locomotive was an 0-6-0 called Michael Longridge for the Stanhope and Tyne Railway. This was built in 1837 (the year before the company officially opened) so it was probably made by Bedlington Ironworks, rather than R. B. Longridge and Company.

It was followed by a number of 2-2-2 locomotives for several European railways, including De Arend the first locomotive to work on a public railway in the Netherlands, and Bayard for the kingdom of Naples. Some broad gauge singles – six members of the Firefly class – were also built in 1841 for Daniel Gooch of the Great Western Railway.

Business increased in 1846 with about sixty engines for the London and Birmingham Railway, the Midland Railway and the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway. While the export trade experienced a lull, orders continued to be fulfilled for the home railways, including ten 4-2-0 Crampton locomotives for the Great Northern Railway, which were later converted to 2-2-2s by Archibald Sturrock.

Closure
The works closed in 1853. It has been estimated that it produced 209 locomotives between 1837 and 1852.

References

Further reading

External links
James Atkinson Longridge biography at gracesguide.co.uk

Longridge
Relative wind. In aeronautics, the relative wind is the direction of movement of the atmosphere relative to an aircraft or an airfoil.  It is opposite to the direction of movement of the aircraft or airfoil relative to the atmosphere. Close to any point on the surface of an aircraft or airfoil, the air is moving parallel to the surface; but at a great distance from the aircraft or airfoil, the movement of the air can be represented by a single vector.  This vector is the relative wind or the free stream velocity vector.

The angle between the chord line of an airfoil and the relative wind defines the angle of attack. The relative wind is of great importance to pilots because exceeding the critical angle of attack will result in a stall, regardless of airspeed.

In freefall

Relative wind is also used to describe the airflow relative to an object in freefall through an atmosphere, such as that of a person's body during the freefall portion of a skydive or BASE jump. In a normal skydive, the vertical descent of the skydiver creates an upward relative wind. The relative wind strength increases with increased descent rate.

The relative wind is directly opposite the direction of travel.

When a skydiver exits a forward-moving aircraft such as an aeroplane, the relative wind emanates from the direction the aeroplane is facing due to the skydiver's initial forward (horizontal) momentum. As aerodynamic drag gradually overcomes this forward momentum and gravity simultaneously attracts the skydiver downward, the relative wind alters proportionally into an upward (vertical) direction. This creates an arc of travel for the skydiver similar to water flowing from a low pressure hose held horizontally and creates a variation in the angle of the relative wind from horizontal to vertical.

When exiting from a forward-moving aircraft (as distinguished from a hovering aircraft, such as a balloon or a helicopter in hover mode) during a normal belly-to-earth skydive, the skydiver must arch his body in the direction of travel which is initially horizontal. If the skydiver continues to arch, his belly will gradually alter pitch until he is belly-to-earth. This section of the jump is commonly referred to as "the hill".

Relative wind differs from the wind in meteorology in that the object (e.g.., the skydiver) moves past the air, as opposed to the air moving past the object.

References

Aerodynamics
Melges 17. The Melges 17 is an American scow-hulled sailing dinghy that was designed by Reichel/Pugh as a one-design racer and first built in 2005.

Production
The design has built by Melges Performance Sailboats in the United States since 2005 and remains in production.

Design
The design was conceived to provide a boat for youth sailors to move up to from the Laser, 420 and the X Boat, as well as for adults couples to sail.

The Melges 17 is a racing sailboat, with the hull built predominantly of fiberglass. It has a fractional sloop rig with carbon fiber spars; a scow hull; a transom-hung, aluminum extrusion rudder controlled by a tiller with an extension and twin retractable, aluminum extrusion bilgeboards. It displaces  and is normally sailed by two sailors, with an optimal crew weight of .

The boat has a draft of  with a bilgeboard extended. With both bilgeboards retracted it can be operated in shallow water, beached or transported on a boat trailer.

For sailing downwind the design may be equipped with an asymmetrical spinnaker of , flown from a retractable bowsprit.

Operational history
The boat was at one time supported by a class club that organized racing events, the Melges 17 Class Association.

See also
List of sailing boat types

Similar sailboats
M Scow

References

External links

Dinghies
2000s sailboat type designs
One-design sailing classes
Sailboat type designs by Reichel/Pugh
Sailboat types built by Melges Performance Sailboats
Valdez Airport. Valdez Airport , also known as Pioneer Field, is a state-owned public-use airport located three nautical miles (6 km) east of the central business district of Valdez, a city in the Chugach Census Area of the U.S. state of Alaska.

Facilities and aircraft 
Valdez Airport covers an area of  at an elevation of 128 feet (39 m) above mean sea level. It has one asphalt paved runway designated 6/24 which measures 6,500 by 150 feet (1,981 x 46 m).

For the 12-month period ending December 31, 2021, the airport had 10,300 aircraft operations, an average of 28 per day: 37% air taxi, 53% general aviation, 5% commercial, and 5% military. At that time there were 35 aircraft based at this airport: 25 single-engine, 1 multi-engine, 7 helicopter and 2 ultralight.

Airlines and destinations 

Historically, the airport had scheduled passenger jet service provided by Alaska Airlines during the mid-1970s.  The Alaska Airlines system timetable dated February 1, 1975 lists a Boeing 727-100 flight nonstop to Anchorage.  Era Aviation served the airport during the 1980s with Convair 580 and de Havilland Canada DHC-7 Dash 7 turboprops.

Accidents near VDZ
On April 25, 1964, an Air National Guard Fairchild C-123 Provider impacted Prince William Sound 1.5KM off shore 3 minutes after takeoff at night during heavy snowfall. All 4 occupants were killed.
On February 25, 1985, a USAF Boeing RC-135 crashed into a mountain after a few MLS approaches to Valdez Airport in poor visibility. All 3 occupants died.

See also
 List of airports in Alaska

References

External links
 FAA Alaska airport diagram (GIF)
 

Airports in Chugach Census Area, Alaska
Ralph Wien Memorial Airport. Ralph Wien Memorial Airport  is a state-owned public-use airport located on the south side of Kotzebue, a city on the Baldwin Peninsula in the Northwest Arctic Borough of the U.S. state of Alaska.

Facilities and aircraft
Ralph Wien Memorial Airport covers an area of  which contains two runways. Runway 9/27 has an asphalt paved surface measuring 6,300 x 150 ft (1,920 x 46 m) and runway 18/36 has a gravel surface measuring 3,876 x 90 ft (1,181 x 27 m).

For the 12-month period ending April 11, 2008, the airport had 59,860 aircraft operations, an average of 164 per day: 62% general aviation, 33% air taxi, 3% scheduled commercial and 2% military. There are 52 aircraft based at this airport: 77% single engine and 23% multi-engine.

Airlines and destinations

Prior to its bankruptcy and cessation of all operations, Ravn Alaska served the airport from multiple locations.

Ralph Wien, pilot
The airport is named in memory of Ralph Wien, a native of Lake Nebagamon, Wisconsin, born in 1897. He and his younger brother Noel Wien, arrived in Alaska in 1924 and together founded Wien Air Alaska, the first airline in Alaska. He died when the Bellanca aircraft he was flying crashed in full view of onlookers in Kotzebue on Columbus Day, 1930. Fr. Philip Delon, Superior general of Alaskan Catholic missions, and Fr. William Walsh, a diocesan priest from Oakland, California, who were on board, also died in the accident.

The airport was dedicated in 1951 by Governor Ernest Gruening.

See also
 List of airports in Alaska

References

External links
 Alaska FAA airport diagram (GIF)
 

Airports in Northwest Arctic Borough, Alaska
Airports in the Arctic
WAAS reference stations
TIM-001. TIM-001 was an application development microcomputer developed by Mihajlo Pupin Institute (Serbia) in 1983/84.

It was part of the TIM series of computers, a follow up to the previous CER series of machines and the XPC-100 system.

The machine was created by Dr. Dragoljub Milicevic and Dr. Dusan Starcevic. TIM-001 was a highly specialized computer, but could run the same software as TIM-100 and was compatible with modems such as the Ei PP-2400 M.

See also
 Mihajlo Pupin Institute

References 

Mihajlo Pupin Institute
Computing by computer model
IBM PC compatibles
Iskra Delta 800. Iskra Delta 800 was a PDP-11/34-compatible computer developed by Iskra Delta in 1984.

Specifications
 CPU: J11
 RAM: Up to 4 MiB addressable
 ROM: 4 KiB
 Operating system: Delta/M (somewhat modified RSX-11M)

External links
Old-computers.com article

Computer-related introductions in 1984
PDP-11
Iskra Delta Partner. Iskra Delta Partner was a computer developed by Iskra Delta in 1983.

Specifications
 Text mode: 26 lines with 80 or 132 characters each
 Character set: YUSCII
 I/O ports: three RS-232C, one used to connect printer (1200-4800 bit/s) and two general-purpose (300-9600 bit/s)

References

External links
 Old-Computer.com article

Microcomputers
Computer-related introductions in 1983
Gorenje Dialog. Dialog was a microcomputer system developed by Gorenje in 1980s. It was based on the 8-bit 4 MHz Zilog Z-80A microprocessor. The primary operating system was FEDOS (CP/M 2.2 compatible), developed by Computer Structures and Systems Laboratory (Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana) and Gorenje. 

There were three variants of the Dialog microcomputer system, distinguished only by minor changed: home, laboratory and personal (PC) (in Slovene: hišni, laboratorijski, osebni).  Three types of external memory can be connected with Dialog: cassette recorder, floppy drive (5,25" and 8") and hard drive. The home variant of Dialog used resident FEBASIC (a variant of BASIC).

References

 Mikroračunalnik DIALOG, Tehnično navodilo-uporaba, Gorenje procesna oprema.
 FEBASIC, priročnik za uporabnike sistema DIALOG, T. Žitko, Ljubljana, 1985.

Microcomputers
Gorenje
Computer-related introductions in 1985
Galeb (computer). Galeb () was an 8-bit computer developed by the PEL Varaždin company in Yugoslavia in the early 1980s. A grand total of 250 were produced by the end of the summer of 1984, before being replaced with the Orao.

Galeb was designed by Miroslav Kocjan and inspired by Compukit UK101, Ohio Scientific Superboard and Superboard II computers. These machines appeared in the UK and USA in 1979 and were less expensive than Apple II, Commodore PET and/or TRS-80 computers. Galeb's codename YU 101 was chosen to resemble Compukit's UK101.

Galeb was very similar to computers that inspired it:

Specifications:
 CPU: MOS Technology 6502
 ROM: 16 KB (with modified Microsoft BASIC interpreter and Machine code monitor)
 RAM: 9 KB (expandable to 64 KB)
 Keyboard: 59-key QWERTZ
 I/O ports: composite video and RF TV out, cassette tape interface (DIN-5), RS-232 (D-25), edge expansion connector
 Sound: Internal speaker; single-channel, 5 octaves
 Graphics: monochrome, 96×48 pixels
 Text mode: 48x16 characters
 Price: 90,000 dinars (in 1984)
Emulation of this machine is supported by MESS since 2008 (version 0.124), along with dedicated emulators.

References

Computer-related introductions in 1981
Personal computers
Ivel Ultra. The Ivel Ultra is an 8-bit Croatian Apple II compatible computer designed by Branimir Makanec and developed by Ivasim Electronika in the 1984s.

It was produced in two different versions: the first version has a brown case and ran from 1984 to 1986, the second has a white case and ran from 1987 to 1990.

The machine was equipped with one or two 5.25" floppy disk drives. It came with an Apple I compatible BASIC language. The operating system, called IDOS, is compatible with Apple DOS 3.3.

The Ivel Ultra could be equipped with a second Zilog Z80 processor, in order to offer compatibility with the CP/M operating system.

Specifications 

 CPU: MOS Technology 6502 at 1 MHz
 ROM: 12 KB (BASIC language interpreter and machine language monitor)
 RAM: 64 KB
 Graphic mode: 280 x 192 pixels, 6 colors
 Text mode: 40 x 24
 Operating system: IDOS, compatible with Apple DOS 3.3, CP/M (with an added Z80 CPU)

References

Personal computers
Computer-related introductions in 1984
CER-2. CER model 22 was an early digital computer developed by Mihajlo Pupin Institute in Yugoslavia in the 1960s.

CER-2 was a prototype computer model (in 1963) only, for the early digital computers CER-20 or CER-22.

See also
 CER Computers
 Mihajlo Pupin Institute

References

CER computers
Mihajlo Pupin Institute