omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Gary Payton (astronaut). Colonel Gary Eugene Payton, USAF, (born June 20, 1948) is an American astronaut and USAF Manned Spaceflight Engineer. Payton flew on the STS-51-C mission aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery in January 1985. He later served as Deputy Undersecretary of the Air Force under the Bush and Obama Administrations.

Education
Payton graduated from high school in Rock Island, Illinois, in 1966. He went on to attend Bradley University, in Peoria, Illinois. After one year at Bradley, he entered the United States Air Force Academy, in Colorado Springs, Colorado, graduating with a Bachelor of Science degree in astronautical engineering in 1971. He continued with his graduate education at Purdue University School of Aeronautics and Astronautics,  in West Lafayette, Indiana, earning a Master of Science degree in astronautical and aeronautical engineering in 1972. He graduated from pilot training at Craig AFB, in Alabama in 1973.

Career
From 1972 to 1976, Payton served as a U.S. Air Force pilot and instructor pilot, Craig AFB, Alabama. He has accumulated at least 1,080 hours in T-37, T-38, and T-39 aircraft.

Payton served as a spacecraft test controller from 1976 to 1980, at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, in Florida. He was selected for the USAF Manned Spaceflight Engineer Program in February 1980.

Payton flew on the STS-51-C mission aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery in January 1985 which launched and returned to land at the Kennedy Space Center, in Florida. STS-51C was the first dedicated Space Shuttle Department of Defense mission. The mission carried an Inertial Upper Stage and deployed a DoD satellite. This was the first shuttle mission that most on-orbit details were classified and not publicized. Payton traveled over 1.2 million miles in 48 Earth orbits, and logged more than 73 hours in space.

From 1997 to 2000, Payton also served as NASA's Deputy Associate Administrator for Space Transportation Technology where he initiated, planned and led the Reusable Launch Vehicle technology demonstration program, which included the X-33, X-34, X-37 and DC-XA flight test projects. Prior to this, he was the Director of NASA's Space Transportation Division from 1995 to 1997.

After leaving NASA, Payton joined the ORBIMAGE as its Vice President for Engineering and Operations.

Payton was Deputy Under Secretary of the Air Force for Space Programs from 2005 to 2010. Prior to this, he served as Deputy for Advanced Systems, Missile Defense Agency from 2002 to 2005.

He is currently distinguished visiting professor in the Schriever Chair in Astronautics at the United States Air Force Academy, teaching astronautical engineering.

Personal life
Gary Payton is married to Sue Payton and they have a daughter.

References

External links
Spacefacts biography of Gary Payton

1948 births
Living people
United States Air Force Academy alumni
United States Air Force colonels
Purdue University School of Aeronautics and Astronautics alumni
People from Rock Island, Illinois
United States Air Force astronauts
Space Shuttle program astronauts
Military personnel from Illinois
Joule (programming language). Joule is a capability-secure massively-concurrent dataflow programming language, designed for building distributed applications. It is so concurrent that the order of statements within a block is irrelevant to the operation of the block. Statements are executed whenever possible, based on their inputs. Everything in Joule happens by sending messages. There is no control flow. Instead, the programmer describes the flow of data, making it a dataflow programming language.

Joule development started in 1994 at Agorics in Palo Alto, California. It is considered the precursor to the E programming language.

Language syntax 

Numerals consist of ASCII digits 0–9; identifiers are Unicode sequences of digits, letters, and operator characters that begin with a letter. It is also possible to form identifiers by using Unicode sequences (including whitespace) enclosed by either straight (' ') or standard (‘ ’) single quotes, where the backslash is the escape character. Keywords have to start with a letter, except the • keyword to send information. Operators consist of Unicode sequences of digits, letters, and operator characters, beginning with an operator character. Labels are identifiers followed by a colon (':').

At the root, Joule is an imperative language and because of that a statement-based language. It has a rich expression syntax, which transforms easily to its relational syntax underneath. Complex expressions become separate statements, where the site of the original expression is replaced by a reference to the acceptor of the results channel. Therefore, nested expressions still compute completely concurrently with their embedding statement.

    If amount <= balance
        • account withdraw: amount
    else
        • account report-bounce:
    end

An identifiers may name a channel to communicate with the server. If this is the case, it is said to be bound to that channel.

References

External links
 Joule: Distributed Application Foundations
 C2: Promise Pipelining

Concurrent programming languages
Object-oriented programming languages
Secure programming languages
Capability systems
Thermal reservoir. A thermal reservoir, also thermal energy reservoir or thermal bath, is a thermodynamic system with a heat capacity so large that the temperature of the reservoir changes relatively little when a significant amount of heat is added or extracted. As a conceptual simplification, it effectively functions as an infinite pool of thermal energy at a given, constant temperature. Since it can act as an inertial source and sink of heat, it is often also referred to as a heat reservoir or heat bath. 

Lakes, oceans and rivers often serve as thermal reservoirs in geophysical processes, such as the weather. In atmospheric science, large air masses in the atmosphere often function as thermal reservoirs.

Since the temperature of a thermal reservoir  does not change during the heat transfer, the change of entropy in the reservoir is

The microcanonical partition sum  of a heat bath of temperature  has the property

where  is the Boltzmann constant. It thus changes by the same factor when a given amount of energy is added. The exponential factor in this expression can be identified with the reciprocal of the Boltzmann factor.

For an engineering application, see geothermal heat pump.

See also
 Heat sink
 Thermal battery
 Thermal energy storage

References

Thermodynamics
Joseph Brazier. Joseph Brazier was originally a gun-locksmith firm, based in Wolverhampton, England, having begun as a family business around 1700 in London. The firm was very active in the 19th century, and was well known as a manufacturer of precision locks for rifles – including some used in the American Civil War – and the American Hawken plains rifle.

Today Joseph Brazier manufactures precision interchangeable parts, components, and one solid piece over/under shotgun barrels as well as side by side and double rifle barrels. The company maintains offices in Arundel, UK and Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA. Karl C. Lippard is the current Managing Director.

External links
 Joseph Brazier website

Defunct firearms manufacturers of the United Kingdom
Privately held companies of the United Kingdom
Groupset. A groupset or gruppo (from the Italian for "group", sometimes misspelled grouppo) is a bicycle component manufacturer's organized collection of mechanical parts. It generally refers to all of the components that make up a bicycle excluding the bicycle frame, fork, stem, wheels, tires, and rider contact points, such as the saddle and handlebars.

These parts typically include the following:
 2 gear levers or shifters and
 2 brake levers or
 2 integrated brake levers/shifters
 2 brakes, front and rear
 2 derailleurs, front and rear
 1 bottom bracket
 1 crankset
 1 chain
 1 cogset, freewheel or cassette
With the following forming part of some groupsets:
 1 headset (more commonly included with vintage groupsets)
 1 seatpost
 2 hubs, front and rear (although, most manufacturers now offer groupset-branded pre-built wheels)
 Pair of pedals
 assorted cables and cable housing

Except for special commemorative versions, manufacturers do not actually package the various components together to be sold by retailers as a complete groupset. Therefore when a modern road groupset is bought after-market (as an upgrade for an older bike, or for someone building their own bike), the customer can choose which parts they require, the price of the groupset is just the individual prices of the chosen parts added together.

The major groupset manufacturers are Campagnolo for road bicycles and Shimano and SRAM for both road and mountain bikes.

Manufacturers typically offer a range of several groupsets, each targeted at a different budget or use.  For instance, Dura-Ace, Super Record and Red are the top-of-the-line road racing groupsets for Shimano, Campagnolo and SRAM respectively while Claris, Veloce and Apex are their entry level road racing group sets, respectively.

See also
List of bicycle parts
Chipset - A similar concept in the semiconductor industry

References

Bicycle parts
EMI (protocol). External Machine Interface (EMI), an extension to Universal Computer Protocol (UCP), is a protocol primarily used to connect to short message service centres (SMSCs) for mobile telephones.  The protocol was developed by CMG Wireless Data Solutions, now part of Mavenir.

Syntax

A typical EMI/UCP exchange looks like this :

  ^B01/00045/O/30/66677789///1//////68656C6C6F/CE^C
  ^B01/00041/R/30/A//66677789:180594141236/F3^C

The start of the packet is signaled by ^B (STX, hex 02) and the end with ^C (ETX, hex 03).  Fields within the packet are separated by / characters.

The first four fields form the mandatory header.   the third is the operation type (O for operation, R for result), and the fourth is the operation (here 30, "short message transfer").

The subsequent fields are dependent on the operation.  In the first line above, '66677789' is the recipient's address (telephone number) and '68656C6C6F' is the content of the message, in this case the ASCII string "hello".  The second line is the response with a matching transaction reference number, where 'A' indicates that the message was successfully acknowledged by the SMSC, and a timestamp is suffixed to the phone number to show time of delivery.

The final field is the checksum, calculated simply by summing all bytes in the packet (including slashes) and taking the 8 least significant bits from the result.

The full specification is available on the LogicaCMG website developers' forum, but registration is required.

Technical limitations 

The two-digit transaction reference number means that an entity sending text messages can only have 100 outstanding messages (per session); this can limit performance, but only over a slow network and with incorrectly configured applications on one's SMSC (for example one session, with number of windows greater than 100). In practice it does not have any impact on delivery throughput.

The EMI UCP documentation does not specify a default alphabet for alphanumeric messages after decoding from hex digits. (It specifies an alphabet of  IRA for the encoded message, which is the same as 7 bit ASCII as 0-9 and A-Z are invariant characters). The related ETS 300 133-3 standard specifies the GSM-7 alphabet, which accommodates more languages than ASCII by replacing unprintable control codes with additional printable characters. In practice the GSM-7 alphabet is used. Other encodings, such as UCS-2, can be sent by using a transparent message and specifying the Data Coding Scheme.

Alternatives 

 Short message peer-to-peer protocol (SMPP) also provides SMS over TCP/IP.
 Computer Interface for Message Distribution (CIMD) developed by Nokia

External links 
  ETS 300 133-3 
 LogicaCMG: Downloads for developers (link no longer active as of 2007-12-24)
 UCP Specification (Vodafone Germany)
 A more detailed UCP Specification
 UCP Perl implementation (for developers) 
 Kannel, Open-Source WAP and SMS Gateway with UCP/EMI 4.0 support.

GSM standard
Mobile technology
Network protocols
Dassault Étendard VI. The Dassault Étendard VI was a French prototype fighter aircraft initially developed as part of the NATO NBMR-1 competition to find a standard fighter to serve amongst member air forces. Dassault took advantage of the fact that the French Air Force had issued a requirement around the same time for a new fighter-bomber and developed aircraft in parallel as variations of the same design concept for the two prospective customers.

Originally designated Mystère XXVI, the aircraft was accepted as one of the entrants to be developed to prototype stage for a fly-off with competing designs. It fared well in test flights, but was out-performed by the Aeritalia G.91 that was eventually selected as the winner of the competition.

A further development of the Étendard concept, the Étendard IV was successfully developed for French Navy service.

Specifications

See also

References

Bibliography
 

Single-engined jet aircraft
Etendard VI
1950s French fighter aircraft
Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear
Low-wing aircraft
Cruciform tail aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1957
LRP. LRP can refer to:
 Little Red Panda Studio, a fashion e-commerce digital content production company based in London.
 Lateralized readiness potential, an electrophysiological brain response
 Layerwise Relevance Propagation, a method for understanding how artificial neural networks work
 Lead replacement petrol
 League for the Revolutionary Party
 Liberia Restoration Party
 The Linux Router Project
 Lipoprotein receptor-related proteins
 Lithuanian Regions Party
 Live action role-playing game
 Living free-radical polymerization
 Livestock risk protection, a type of crop insurance for livestock growers
 Long Range Patrol (disambiguation), military units that operate behind enemy lines
 LRP ration, a lightweight military food ration
 Lower riser package, for well intervention on a subsea oil well
Long-range plan, business forecast
 Lo Rat Penat
List of acronyms: 0–9. 

0–9
 0D – Zero-dimensional
 1, – Onekama, Michigan (word play based on "one, comma")
 1AM – Air mechanic 1st class
 1D – One-dimensional
 2AM – Air mechanic 2nd class
 2D – (i) Two-dimensional
 2.5D – (p) "Two-and-a-half-dee": two-dimensional computer graphics where some flat images lie in front of others
 2G – (i) Second-generation mobile (cellular, wireless) telephone system
 2.5G – (p) Second-and-a-half-generation mobile telephone system
 2LA – Two letter acronym
 2Lt – 2nd lieutenant
 3AM – Air mechanic 3rd class
 3D – (i) Three-dimensional
 3G – (i) Third-generation mobile telephone system
 3i – (i) Investors In industry (venture capitalists)
 3M – (i) Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company
 4D – (i) Four-dimensional (usually three spatial plus one temporal dimension, sometimes four spatial ones)
 4G – (i) Fourth-generation mobile telephone system
 4GL – (i) Fourth-generation programming language
 4WD – (i) Four-wheel drive
 5D – Five-dimensional
 5G – fifth generation mobile telephone system
 6D – Six-dimensional
 7D – Seven-dimensional
 8D – Eight-dimensional
 9D – Nine-dimensional

See also

 Backronym
 Jargon
 List of reporting marks
 List of government and military acronyms
 List of information technology acronyms
 List of medical abbreviations
 List of abbreviations in photography
 List of abbreviations for market segments
 List of Hebrew acronyms
 List of U.S. government and military acronyms
 List of geographic acronyms and initialisms
 Wikipedia:List of all single-digit-single-letter combinations
 Wikipedia:List of all single-letter-single-digit combinations
 Wikipedia:List of all single-letter-double-digit combinations
 Wikipedia:TLAs

External links
 Abbreviations.com database of acronyms and abbreviations (over 330,000 entries)
 askacronym.com Ask Acronym acronyms and expansions with a description about it
 Acronym Search database of acronyms and abbreviations (over 50,000 entries)
 Acronyms List database of acronyms and abbreviations (over 40,000 entries)
 Acronym Geek database of acronyms and initialisms (over 3,000,000 entries)
 All Acronyms database of acronyms and abbreviations (over 860,000 entries)
 Apronyms & Acronyms a collection of acronyms
 Internet Acronym Server database of acronyms with submission form (over 33,000 entries)
 Smart Define database of acronyms and abbreviations (over 2,000,000 entries)
 Special Dictionary acronyms and abbreviation database
 Laurier Library Canadian Government abbreviations and acronyms]
 Logistics World Transportation Acronyms with some U.S. Government and Military Acronyms

 
ga:Giorrúcháin agus acrainmneacha
STS-53. STS-53 was a NASA Space Shuttle Discovery mission in support of the United States Department of Defense (DoD). It was Discovery's 15th flight. The mission was launched on December 2, 1992, from Kennedy Space Center, Florida. This was also the last mission to have been operated via MCR-2 in JSC. Afterwards the room was restored entirely to its Apollo era appearance.

Crew

Crew seat assignments

Mission highlights 
Discovery carried a classified primary payload (DOD-1) for the United States Department of Defense (DoD), two unclassified secondary payloads and nine unclassified middeck experiments.

Discoverys primary payload, USA-89 (1992-086B) is also known as "DoD-1", and was the shuttle's last major payload for the Department of Defense. The satellite was the third launch of a Satellite Data System-2 (SDS 2-3) military communications satellite, after USA-40 on STS-28 and STS-38's deployment of USA-67.

Secondary payloads contained in or attached to Get Away Special (GAS) hardware in the cargo bay included the Orbital Debris Radar Calibration Spheres (ODERACS) satellites and the combined Shuttle Glow Experiment/Cryogenic Heat Pipe Experiment (GCP).

Middeck experiments included Microcapsules in Space (MIS-l); Space Tissue Loss (STL); Visual Function Tester (VFT-2); Cosmic Radiation Effects and Activation Monitor (CREAM); Radiation Monitoring Equipment (RME-III); Fluid Acquisition and Resupply Experiment (FARE); Hand-held, Earth-oriented, Real-time, Cooperative, User-friendly, Location-targeting and Environmental System (HERCULES); Battlefield Laser Acquisition Sensor Test (BLAST); and the Cloud Logic to Optimize Use of Defense Systems (CLOUDS).

Mission insignia 
The five sides represent the Pentagon, the Department of Defense headquarters. The five stars and three stripes of the insignia symbolize the flight's numerical designation in the Space Transportation System's mission sequence.

See also 

 List of human spaceflights
 List of Space Shuttle missions
 Militarization of space
 Nikon NASA F4
 Outline of space science

References

External links 
 NASA mission summary 
 STS-53 Video Highlights 

Space Shuttle missions
Edwards Air Force Base
Spacecraft launched in 1992
Department of Defense Space Shuttle missions
STS-54. STS-54 was a NASA Space Transportation System (Space Shuttle) mission using Space Shuttle Endeavour. This was the third flight for Endeavour, and was launched on January 13, 1993 with Endeavour returning to the Kennedy Space Center on January 19, 1993.

Crew

Crew seat assignments

Mission highlights 

The primary payload was the fifth TDRS satellite, TDRS-F, which was deployed on day one of the mission. It was later successfully transferred to its proper orbit by the Inertial Upper Stage (IUS). Also carried into orbit in the payload bay was a Hitchhiker experiment called the Diffuse X-ray Spectrometer (DXS). This instrument collected data on X-ray radiation from diffuse sources in deep space.

Other middeck payloads to test the effects of microgravity included the Commercial General Bioprocessing Apparatus (CGPA) for-life sciences research; the Chromosome and Plant Cell Division in Space Experiment (CHROMEX) to-study plant growth; the Physiological and Anatomical Rodent Experiment (PARE) to examine the skeletal system and the adaptation of bone to space flight; the Space Acceleration Measurement Equipment (SAMS) to measure and record the microgravity acceleration environment of middeck experiments; and the Solid Surface Combustion Experiment (SSCE) to measure the rate of flame spread and temperature of burning filter paper.

Also, on day five, mission specialists Mario Runco Jr. and Gregory J. Harbaugh spent nearly 5 hours in the open cargo bay performing a series of space-walking tasks designed to increase NASA's knowledge of working in space. They tested their abilities to move about freely in the cargo bay, climb into foot restraints without using their hands and simulated carrying large objects in the microgravity environment. The EVA completed after 4 hours, 28 minutes.

The EVA was a late addition to the mission plan as part of NASA's objectives to hone EVA skills required for hardware assembly anticipating the International Space Station.

The mission completed on January 19, 1993, with a landing at Kennedy Space Center.

See also 

 List of human spaceflights
 List of Space Shuttle missions
 Outline of space science
 Space Shuttle

References

External links 
 NASA mission summary 

Space Shuttle missions
Spacecraft launched in 1993