omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
David Elliott Bell. David Elliott Bell (born in 1945) is an American mathematician and computer security pioneer. While working at MITRE Corporation, he and Leonard J. LaPadula co-developed the highly influential Bell–LaPadula model. In 2012, Bell was interviewed as part of an effort by the National Science Foundation to document the “Building an Infrastructure for Computer Security History.”   In recognition of his contributions to the computer security field, Bell was inducted into the Cyber Security Hall of Fame in 2013.

The first step in the Bell-LaPadual model development provided tools for guiding and analyzing computer systems under development.    The last step in the model development was the application of the general model to the Multics operating system.   When the Computer Security Center at the Department of Defense published its Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria in 1983, the Bell-La Padula model was the only security model included to illustrate the "security model" required at the B2 level and above.

At the 21st Annual Computer Security Applications Conference in Tucson, Arizona in 2005, Bell presented a look back at the Bell-LaPadula model.  In 2006, Bell published an addendum to his 'Looking Back at the Bell-LaPadula Model.

For NSA, he was Deputy Chief of the Research Office of the Computer Security Center, Acting Chief of the Research Office, and COR for a major acquisition. At Trusted Information Systems, he was the Senior Vice President and Corporate Secretary. He ran his own consulting company (BBND, Incorporated) before returning to the technical path at Mitretek Systems and EDS.

While working at Trusted Information Systems,  Bell presented two papers, "Lattices, Policies and Implementations", and "Trusted Xenix Interpretation: Phase 1".  At the 13th National Computer Security Conference.

The two papers Bell published in 1991 and 1992, "Lattices, Policies and Implementations" and "Putting Policy Commonalities to Work", together showed that all the apparently different security policies that had been published were Boolean-Lattice policies, and were thus identical under the skin. His constructive result demonstrated how to realize each of the published policies using a single "Universal Lattice Machine." This work consolidated the apparently different security policies and made them one.

At the 1994 New Security Paradigms and Workshop (NSPW), Bell presented his paper on "Modeling the 'multi-policy machine' ". Paper Abstract: A method of treating several unspecified policies is presented. Precise notions of policy combination, policy conflict, conflict resolution, and policy precedence are introduced. Necessary and sufficient conditions for policies to be combined without conflict are established.

In 1996, while working for Mitretek Systems, Bell published a paper on "Generic Model Interpretations POSIX.1 and SQL" as an improvement to trusted systems that conform to industry standards that are conducive to generic model interpretation.

References

Computer security models
Computer access control
Science and technology hall of fame inductees
1945 births
Living people
John Hogan (mathematician). S. John Hogan is a professor of Applied Mathematics and leader  of the "Applied Nonlinear Mathematics Group" in the Department of Engineering Mathematics,  University of Bristol. He is known for his work in numerous applications of non-linear dynamics including water waves liquid crystals.

Hogan is principal investigator on several large EPSRC grants, in 2008 totalling around £6M – an unusually high total for a UK mathematician. These include  the  "Bristol Centre for Complexity Sciences", the "Bristol Centre for Applied Nonlinear Mathematics", "Applied Nonlinear Mathematics: Making it Real".

Recent publications

References

External links
 Page at University of Bristol

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
English mathematicians
Academics of the University of Bristol
IT Corporation. IT Corporation was a United States industrial company whose principal business was the disposal of industrial hazardous waste.  At least as early as the 1970s the company was one of the largest market share holders of the liquid hazardous waste disposal sector in the western U.S.  One of the principal facilities was a large set of industrial waste disposal ponds in Martinez, California.

The business activities of IT fell under strict regulation by the Bay Area Air Quality Management District and the State of California Regional Water Quality Control Board, as well as the Contra Costa County Health Department.

Air quality oversight

The proximity of the Martinez ponds to sensitive receptors including residences, led to odor complaints from individuals, especially on low wind velocity days when the ponds were upwind of residences. IT established an "on call" air monitoring response to test odor whenever the city of Martinez received a citizen complaint. These tests, together with routine periodic monitoring, provided an extensive database to assist in managing waste pond decision-making.

Water quality oversight

To protect groundwater, IT conducted regular groundwater and waste pond sampling to test for a range of analytes as well as pH. These test results were submitted to the county health department and the state water board. Generally water quality testing confirmed the satisfactory operation of IT's liner control program.

Bankruptcy sale on winding up business

In early 2002, after IT declared bankruptcy, substantially all IT assets and some liabilities were sold to the Shaw Group. Prior its bankruptcy, IT Corporation was involved in the Encanto Gas Holder decommissioning for San Diego Gas and Electric, and the IT project manager for the decommissioning is a named defendant in the environmental crimes trial United States v. San Diego Gas and Electric (2007).

References

See also
Evaporation ponds
Odor

Companies disestablished in 2002
Oscillistor. An oscillistor is a semiconductor device, consisting of a semiconductor specimen placed in magnetic field, and a resistor after a power supply. The device produces high-frequency oscillations, which are very close to sinusoidal. 

The basic principle of operation is the effect of spiral unsteadiness of electron-hole (p-n) plasmas.

See also
Electronic oscillator

References 
 Larrabee R.D., Steel M.C.  "Oscillistor — New type of semiconductor oscillator", J. Appl. Phys. v.31, N.9 p.1519–1523 (1960). 

Electronic oscillators
Semiconductor devices
Richard T. Russell. Richard Thomas Russell is the creator of the BBC BASIC for Windows programming language and the author of the Z80 and MS-DOS versions of BBC BASIC.

He was educated at Gravesend Grammar School and Hertford College, Oxford graduating with a degree in physics in 1973. The same year he began work at the BBC as a design engineer. During his career with the BBC he was involved with several high-profile projects including the BBC Microcomputer  and the BBC Domesday Project. He retired from the BBC in 2006.

His "2D DVE for Virtual Studios" won Video R&D Achievement of the Year at the International Broadcasting Awards 1996, and his hardware implementation of the BBC's patented Transform PAL Decoder has been acclaimed as probably the best PAL decoder in the world.

In 2008 he developed a technique for recovering the colour from the black-and-white telerecordings of TV programmes, making it possible to restore full colour versions of some programmes for which no conventional colour recordings exist. He is featured in the documentary "The Story of Are You Being Served?" talking about his work on the colour restoration process.

In addition to creating BBC BASIC for Windows, Russell also runs a support group for the language to which he regularly contributes tips, advice and comments on other users' code. He is married and lives in Norfolk in the United Kingdom.

Notes

External links
Richard Russell's website
Richard Russell's blog
Richard Russell's career in the BBC, Part 1
Richard Russell's career in the BBC, Part 2
Richard Russell's family tree

British computer scientists
Alumni of Hertford College, Oxford
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
People educated at Gravesend Grammar School
People from Gravesend, Kent
Safety pilot. In aviation, a safety pilot is used during pilot training.

Instrument training

During training for instrument flight under visual meteorological conditions, a safety pilot is a pilot who helps maintain visual separation from other aircraft, clouds, and terrain while another pilot is wearing a view-limiting device for the purposes of simulating instrument conditions.

Before a pilot is issued with an instrument rating, the instructor acts as safety pilot. However, after a pilot has been issued with an instrument rating, to maintain currency, he or she must complete at least six instrument approaches, practice holding procedures, and practice intercepting and tracking courses with the use of navigation systems every six months. One way to achieve this is under actual instrument conditions, however an alternative is to fly under visual conditions with a safety pilot.

The safety pilot does not have to be a flight instructor, and does not have to be instrument rated. This makes using a safety pilot a cheaper option than flying with an instructor.

Both pilots must agree before the flight which pilot is pilot in command (PIC) for legal purposes. However, both pilots may be able to log time as PIC. While the training pilot is "under the hood", the safety pilot is acting as PIC and can log time for that period.

First officer training

Modern airliners require two pilots. When a junior first officer is still undergoing training, a safety pilot will sit in the jump seat to monitor the junior first officer and the captain. A safety pilot sitting in a jump seat cannot log time as flight hours.

References

External links 
 Code of Federal Regulations Title 14 Aeronautics and Space (FAR)
 Rod Machado on logging PIC time
 AOPA info on logging PIC time
 Logging Time as a Safety Pilot

Aviation educators
Flight training
Tech 21. Tech 21 is a New York based manufacturer of guitar and bass effect pedals, amps, and DI boxes which allow the user to emulate the tone of many popular guitar amps and record those sounds directly into a mixer.

Products

Tech 21's core product, the SansAmp, was designed by Andrew Barta and introduced in 1989. The SansAmp (from , "without an amp") is an analog effects pedal emulating a variety of different guitar amplifiers and speakers and enables recording direct to a mixing console. The SansAmp became popular in the 1990s. Later, SansAmp became an entire line of products for various instruments and applications.

Tech 21 offerings include the Fly Rig Series, artist signature gear for Geddy Lee, Richie Kotzen, Paul Landers, dUg Pinnick, and Steve Harris. Other products have included distortion pedals as well as a range of amplifiers that use SansAmp technology built in. 

While being the precursor to digital amp modeling technology, Tech 21 relies on analog technology, rather than digital signal processing.

References

External links
 Tech 21 website
 SOS interview with Andrew Barta
Founder Andrew Barta Interview at NAMM Oral History Collection (January 14, 2009)
V.P. Dale Krevens Interview at NAMM Oral History Collection (January 25, 2015)
Guitar amplifier manufacturers
Guitar effects manufacturing companies
Manufacturing companies based in New York City
Audio equipment manufacturers of the United States
Wilber Brotherton Huston. Wilber Brotherton Huston (October 2, 1912 – May 25, 2006) was an American scientist and NASA mission director who coordinated seven satellite launches. He won the first Edison Scholarship Contest at the age of sixteen. Huston died in Fountain Hills, Arizona.

References

NASA people
American aerospace engineers
Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science alumni
Scientists from Detroit
1912 births
2006 deaths
United States Army Air Forces soldiers
United States Army personnel of World War II
Lakeside School (Seattle) alumni
20th-century American engineers
Saab Surveillance. Saab Microwave systems is a Swedish company which was founded in 1956 as Ericsson Microwave Systems. The business was acquired by Saab and renamed in 2006. The main market for the company is in the sensor and electronic warfare field.

Its most important markets today are Europe, South Africa, Australia and the US. Saab has around 12,500 employees. Annual sales amount to around SEK 24 billion, of which research and development account for about 20 per cent of sales.

To adapt to the new conditions in the industry defence industry, Saab has divided operations since 1 January 2010 into five business areas:
Aeronautics
Dynamics
Electronic Defence Systems
Security and Defence Solutions
Support and Services

Notable Products

Erieye - Airborne Early Warning & Control system
ARTHUR - ARTillery HUnting Radar
GIRAFFE - Agile Multi-Beam air defense search radar
PS-05/A - Fighter aircraft radar
HARD 3D (Helicopter and Aeroplane Radar Detection) radar system

References

External links
Saab Microwave Systems archived at Saab Group website
"Saab in brief" on the Saabgroup website

Defence companies of Sweden
Electronics companies of Sweden
Saab
Ericsson
Sodium lauroamphoacetate. Sodium lauroamphoacetate is a zwitterionic surfactant of the amphoacetate class. It is used as a very mild cleaning agent originally used in shampoos and body washes for infants but it now sees broader use in other personal care products.

Synthesis
Sodium lauroamphoacetate is produced in a 2 step process. Firstly lauric acid reacts with aminoethylethanolamine (AEEA); this initially produces the amide however heating causes this to cyclize to give the imidazoline group. This reacts with 1 equivalent of sodium chloroacetate to give the final product. A reaction with 2 equivalents gives the di-acetate, which is also marketed as di-sodium lauroamphoacetate.

Safety
Sodium lauroamphoacetate is exceedingly mild, and cases of skin irritation are rare but not unheard of. It has been proposed that these instances are caused not by sodium lauroamphoacetate itself but rather by failures in quality control which result in it being contaminated with AEEA.

References

Zwitterionic surfactants
Cosmetics chemicals
Organic sodium salts
Interaction. Interaction is action that occurs between two or more entities, generally used in philosophy and the sciences. It may refer to:

Science
 Interaction hypothesis, a theory of second language acquisition
 Interaction (statistics), when three or more variables influence each other
 Interactions of actors theory, created by cybernetician Gordon Pask
 Fundamental interaction or fundamental force, the core interactions in physics
 Human–computer interaction, interfaces for people using computers
 Social interaction between people

Biology
 Biological interaction
 Cell–cell interaction
 Drug interaction
 Gene–environment interaction
 Protein–protein interaction

Chemistry
 Aromatic interaction
 Cation-pi interaction
 Metallophilic interaction

Arts and media
 Interaction (album), 1963, by Art Farmer's Quartet
 ACM Interactions, a magazine published by the Association for Computing Machinery
 "Interactions" (The Spectacular Spider-Man), an episode of the animated television series
 63rd World Science Fiction Convention, titled Interaction

See also
 
 
 Interact (disambiguation)
French Narval-class submarine. The Narval class (sous-marins d'escadre, "fleet submarines") were patrol submarines built for the French Navy in the 1950s.

Design 
The Narval type was an offspring of the E-48 project, inspired by the German Type XXI U-boats of the Second World War, particularly  which were brought into French service.

Compared to the Type XXI, the Narval class introduced an entirely new schnorchel system and novel detection systems, gained 33% in operational range on electric power (, compared to the  available to the type XXI), and doubled the test depth. The propellers were also particularly studied to minimise noise.

The hulls of the Narvals were assembled from seven  sections welded together.

The engine were two-stroke diesels made by the French constructor Schneider, which proved unreliable and noisy to the point where the engine section became difficult to man at full power.

From 1966 to 1970, the Narvals underwent extensive modernisation, where their engines were replaced by a diesel-electrical design based on the SEMT-Pielstick 12PA4-185. The two stern torpedo tubes were deleted, electronics were replaced, and the conning tower was replaced by a more modern sail plan from the .

Service history 
The Narvals were used to explore limits of submarines performances in several ways.

In 1958,  and  broke the 30-day world record of the longest underwater cruise held jointly by the nuclear-powered  and , with 32 and 42 days submerged respectively.

In 1964,  and  sailed up to the 70th parallel north to prepare the first French attempts at navigation under sea ice. These tests were carried out the next year by Dauphin and  when they spent a week and a half in the 72nd parallel north.

During her last years, from 1980, Requin was fitted with the sonar system planned for the M4 refit of the SNLE. Similarly, Dauphin was extensively modified from 1986 to be used as a test bed for equipment and sensors to be installed on the s, then under design. When finally decommissioned in 1992, she was the oldest submarine in service. She was later expended as a target ship off Toulon.

In 1985, Espadon became the first French submarine used as a museum ship.

Ships

See also
 List of submarines of France

References

 Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995
 Les sous-marins d'escadre type Narval

Submarine classes
 
 
Ship classes of the French Navy
Comparison of streaming media software. This is a comparison of streaming media systems. A more complete list of streaming media systems is also available.

General
The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of streaming media systems both audio and video. Please see the individual systems' linked articles for further information.

Operating system support

Container format support

Information about what digital container formats are supported.

Protocol support

Information about which internet protocols are supported for broadcasting streaming media content.

Features

See also

 Community radio
 Comparison of video hosting services
 Content delivery network
 Digital television
 E-commerce
 Internet radio
 Internet radio device
 Streaming television
 IPTV
 List of Internet radio stations
 Comparison of music streaming services
 Multicast
 P2PTV
 Protection of Broadcasts and Broadcasting Organizations Treaty
 Push technology
 Streaming media
 IBM Cloud Video
 Webcast
 Streaming television

References

External links
 See the container and protocol of VLC Media Player from here: 

Computer networking
Applications of distributed computing
Cloud storage
Digital television
Distributed algorithms
Distributed data storage
Distributed data storage systems
File sharing
File sharing networks
Film and video technology
Internet broadcasting
Internet radio
Streaming television
Multimedia
Peer-to-peer computing
Peercasting
 
Streaming media systems
Video hosting
Video on demand
streaming media systems
Daniel Phineas Woodbury. Daniel Phineas Woodbury (December 16, 1812 – August 15, 1864) was an American soldier and an engineer during the American Civil War.

Birth and early years
Woodbury was born at New London, New Hampshire.  He graduated at West Point in 1836, entered the artillery as a second lieutenant, and until 1840 served as assistant engineer in building the Cumberland Road.  He superintended the construction of Forts Kearney and Laramie (1847–50), but in 1851 he was recalled to the East. He published works on Sustaining Walls (1845) and the Theory of the Arch (1858).

Woodbury supervised construction of Fort Jefferson and the Dry Tortugas Light.

Civil War
In 1861 he was appointed to be major of engineers and lieutenant colonel on the staff.  He fought at the First Battle of Bull Run, afterward was engaged until 1862 upon the defenses of Washington, D.C..  He then commanded the Engineer Brigade during the Peninsula Campaign and the Northern Virginia Campaign, as well as during the Battle of Antietam.  At Fredericksburg, he earned the brevet of brigadier general in the regular army for his efforts in supervising the construction of several pontoon bridges across the Rappahannock River.  From December 1862 to March 1863, he participated in the Rappahannock campaign. Later in 1863 he was commandant of the district of Key West and the Tortugas, where he died of yellow fever August 15, 1864.

A monument to Woodbury is at Oak Hill Cemetery in Washington, D.C.

See also

List of American Civil War generals (Union)

References

External links

1812 births
1864 deaths
People of New Hampshire in the American Civil War
United States Military Academy alumni
Union army generals
Infectious disease deaths in Florida
People from New London, New Hampshire
Burials at Barrancas National Cemetery
Burials at Oak Hill Cemetery (Washington, D.C.) 
Union military personnel killed in the American Civil War
Deaths from yellow fever
2004 in spaceflight. This article outlines notable events occurring in 2004 in spaceflight, including major launches and EVAs.

First privately funded human spaceflight

First Delta IV Heavy

Launches

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Deep Space Rendezvous

EVAs

Orbital launch summary

By country

By rocket

By family

By type

By configuration

By spaceport

By orbit

References

Footnotes

 
Spaceflight by year