omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Plant lifecycle management. Plant lifecycle management (PLM) is the process of managing an industrial facility's data and information throughout its lifetime. Plant lifecycle management differs from product lifecycle management by its primary focus on the integration of logical, physical and technical plant data in a combined plant model.

A PLM model can be used through a plants whole lifecycle, covering:
Design,
Construction,
Erection,
Commissioning,
Handover,
Operation,
Maintenance/Refurbishment/Life Extension,
Decommissioning,
Land rehabilitation.

Parts of the model

Logical model 
The logical plant model may cover:
Process & instrumentation diagrams (P&ID)
Pipe & instrumentation diagrams (P&ID)
P&I schematic
Process flow
Massflow diagram (similar to the process flow but used in the mineral industry)
Electrical key diagram
Cabling diagram
Electrical
Hydraulic
Pneumatic
Heating venting & air-conditioning (HVAC)
Water and wastewater

Physical model 
Physical parts of a plant are usually represented by 3D CAD models.
The CAD system used would typically focus on top-down, routing, and DMU and would differ on many point from the systems used in the mechanical industry, or for Architectural engineering.
Sometimes the CAD system would be supplemented by software to generate 3D views or walk-through features.

Technical model 
The technical data is typically managed by an ERP system or some other database. There could also be links to systems for handling unstructured data, like EDM systems.

Integration 
Integration with Enterprise (EPCM, ePCM),
Integration with Enterprise (Owner/Operator),
Integration with Regulator.

Applicability 
New Build
Return to Service (RTS)

See also 
 Lifecycle management
 ISO 10303 - Industrial automation systems and integration—Product data  representation and exchange
 ISO 15926 - Process Plants including Oil and Gas facilities life-cycle data

Notes

Further reading 
about Virtual Mill
about Augmented reality

Product lifecycle management
Computer-aided design
Management by type
Bradken. Bradken is a manufacturer and supplier of differentiated consumable and capital products to the mining, transport, general industrial and contract manufacturing markets with operations in Australia, China, Canada, India, Malaysia and the United States. It is a subsidiary of Hitachi Construction Machinery.

History
In 1919/1920, BHP steelworks employees, General Manager Leslie Bradford and Chief Mechanical Engineer Jim Kendall and a group of their friends backed a racehorse named Jack Findlay that completed a remarkable sequence of five wins. With each win the group rolled-over their bets and by 24 January 1920 they had won a small fortune pledging their winnings to start a steel foundry business.

On 28 April 1920, Bradford and Kendall used their winnings to establish the Alloy Steel Syndicate and build a steel foundry in Alexandria, Sydney. The syndicate was incorporated as Bradford Kendall Limited on 20 March 1922.

In 1926 Bradford Kendall began to manufacture railway couplers and undercarriages. In the 1930s it entered the export market, manufacturing dredge buckets for use in Malaysia. In 1948 the company was listed on the Sydney Stock Exchange. In the 1950s foundries were established in Adelaide, Brisbane, Fremantle and Wodonga. In 1970 a foundry was established in Port Hedland.

In December 1974 the company changed its name to Bradken. By 1978 Bradken was controlled by Australian National Industries (ANI) and Comeng. In 1982 ANI became the sole shareholder. In October 1990, the head office moved from Alexandra to Mayfield West. In 1995 the business was rebranded as ANI Bradken. The business was included in the January 1999 purchase of ANI by Smorgon Steel who sold the business to Castle Harlan Australian Mezzanine Partners.

In August 2004 Bradken was relisted on the Australian Securities Exchange. In November 2007 a new manufacturing facility opened in Xuzhou, China. In July 2009 the business of Americast Technologies in the United States was acquired.

In July 2011 Norcast Wear Solutions in Canada and SwanMet in Malaysia were purchased. In March 2013 Bradken opened a greenfield foundry development in Xuzhou, China following the construction of a manufacturing facility on the site in 2007. In October 2016 Hitachi Construction Machinery launched a takeover offer for Bradken. The transaction was completed in May 2017.

On June 10, 2021, it was announced that White Industries had acquired the Ipswich site operations, a strategic decision by its parent company Hitachi Manufacturing to move its operations to offshore facilities.

References

Companies based in Newcastle, New South Wales
Companies formerly listed on the Australian Securities Exchange
Conglomerate companies established in 1920
Economy of Newcastle, New South Wales
Hitachi subsidiaries
Manufacturing companies established in 1920
Manufacturing companies of Australia
1920 establishments in Australia
Saemangeum–Pohang Expressway. The Saemangeum–Pohang Expressway () is an Expressway in South Korea connecting Gimje to Pohang.  Numbered 20, it is in two parts, so a complete journey along this route must make use of other roads.

List of facilities

IC: Interchange, JC: Junction, SA: Service Area, TG:Tollgate

See also 
 Roads and expressways in South Korea
 Transportation in South Korea

External links 
 MOLIT South Korean Government Transport Department

Expressways in South Korea
Roads in North Jeolla
Roads in Daegu
Roads in North Gyeongsang
Department of Materials, University of Manchester. The Department of Materials, at the University of Manchester is an academic and research department specialising in Materials Science and Engineering and Fashion Business and Technology. It is the largest materials science and engineering department in Europe. This is reflected by an annual research income of around £7m, 60 academic staff, and a population of 150 research students and 60 postdoctoral research staff. The Department of Materials was formerly known as the School of Materials until a faculty-wide restructuring in 2019.

History 
The Department of Materials was formed following the unification of UMIST and The Victoria University of Manchester in 2004, with the fusing of the Corrosion and Protection Centre, the Manchester Materials Science Centre and the Department of Textiles and Paper. The Manchester Materials Science Centre – the old home of the Department of Materials, which has since made way for the Manchester Engineering Campus Development Project – was formed in 1988 with the merging of the UMIST Department of Polymer Science and Technology and the joint departments of Metallurgy and Materials Science.

Teaching
The Department of Materials offers undergraduate, postgraduate and research courses in all aspects of materials engineering and fashion business and technology. This includes advanced materials engineering, biomaterials, corrosion control engineering, nanomaterials, polymers, textile technology and fashion management and marketing.

Research
In the 2001 Research Assessment Exercise both the Material Science and Corrosion and Protection centre gained the highest rating, 5*. The School of Materials has also been ranked first for research power in the UK.

Notable staff
The current Head of Department is Professor David J. Lewis FIMMM. The first Head of Department after the Faculty restructure between 2019 and 2023 was Professor Sarah Cartmell FIMMM. Between 2015 and 2019 the Head of School was Professor William W. Sampson FIMMM. From 2011 to 2015 the Head of School was Professor Paul O'Brien FRS. Other notable senior academic staff include Professor Philip J. Withers FRS, the Regius Professor of Materials, Professor Allan Matthews FRS, Professor Robert J. Young FRS, Professor Richard A. L. Jones FRS and Professor Sarah Haigh.

Buildings
The Manchester Materials Science centre was one of the main buildings of the department until its demolition in 2016. The Department of Materials was briefly located on the North Campus of the University of Manchester  between 2016-2021, located in several buildings including The Mill, James Lighthill Building, Morton Laboratory, Sackville Street Building, and MSS Tower. As of 2021 the Department of Materials will is housed in the new Engineering Building on South Campus.

References

Materials
Materials science institutes
SMS V48. SMS V48 was a 1913 Type Large Torpedo Boat (Großes Torpedoboot) of the Imperial German Navy during World War I, and the 24th ship of her class.

Construction

Built by AG Vulcan Stettin shipyard, Germany, V48 was ordered on 22 April 1914, as part of the 1914 shipbuilding programme. She was launched on 6 August 1915 and commissioned on 10 December 1915. The "V" in V48 denotes the shipyard at which she was built.

V48 was  long overall and  between perpendiculars, with a beam of  and a draft of . Displacement was  normal and  deep load. Three oil-fired water-tube boilers fed steam to two sets of AEG-Vulcan steam turbines rated at , giving a speed of .  of fuel oil was carried, giving a range of  at .

Armament originally consisted of three 8.8 cm SK L/45 naval guns in single mounts, together with six 50 cm (19.7 in) torpedo tubes with two fixed single tubes forward and 2 twin mounts aft. Up to 24 mines could be carried. In 1916 the 8.8 cm guns were replaced by three 10.5 cm SK L/45 naval guns. The ship had a complement of 87 officers and men.

Service

V48 was assigned to the 3rd Flotilla, 6th Half-Flotilla when she participated in the Battle of Jutland. In this action, the 3rd Flotilla launched an unsuccessful torpedo attack against British battlecruisers, and after turning away the German destroyers exchanged fire with the damaged destroyer , with V48 receiving damage from the impact of one or two  shells, which disabled the German destroyer's machinery, forcing V48 to stop. An attempt by the German destroyer  to take V48 in tow was abandoned because of heavy fire from the British battleline. The battleship  later fired a  shell into her. She was eventually sunk by a 4-inch shell fired from an unidentified ship of the British 12th Destroyer Flotilla, and lost with 90 men killed in action.

The sole survivor was Hans Robert Tietje who spent 14 hours in the water before being picked up by a Danish fishing boat.

Citations

References

External links
 Technical specs of the Großes Torpedoboot 1913 class
 A New York Times article describing the aftermath of the Battle of Jutland in which V48 is mentioned.

Torpedo boats of the Imperial German Navy
Maritime incidents in 1916
Ships sunk at the Battle of Jutland
1915 ships
Ships built in Stettin
World War I torpedo boats of Germany
The Alternate Source Programmer's Journal. The Alternate Source, also known as The Alternate Source Programmer's Journal, was a magazine of technical programming articles, most of which were at the assembly language level, focused on the TRS-80 Model I and Model III. A few articles related to the TRS-80 Color Computer.

It was published by Charlie W. Butler (d. September 11, 2014) and Joni M. Kosloski of The Alternate Source, a major TRS-80 software publisher, from around 1980 to around 1983.  TAS was known for the high intensity level of its articles and as such was the "prestige" technical journal of the time.  Among its contributors were Jake Commander, Jack Decker, Bruce Hansen, Larry Kingsbury, Dennis Kitsz, Steven Kovitz, Alan Moluf, Troy L. Pierce, and Gordon Williams.

The meaning behind the name "The Alternate Source" is that TAS set itself up as being an alternative to the official software and information coming from Radio Shack, the manufacturer of the TRS-80.

References

Bimonthly magazines published in the United States
Defunct computer magazines published in the United States
Magazines established in 1979
Magazines disestablished in 1984
Inertia wheel pendulum. An inertia wheel pendulum is a pendulum with an inertia wheel attached. It can be used as a pedagogical problem in control theory. This type of pendulum is often confused with the gyroscopic effect, which has completely different physical nature.

See also 
 Inverted pendulum
 Robotic unicycle
 Spinning top

References 
  Mark W. Spong, Peter Corke, Rogelio Lozano. Nonlinear Control of the Gyroscopic Pendulum.

Pendulums
Control engineering
Hanayama Funicular. The  is a facility that traverses a steep incline in a residential area of Kobe, Japan. It can be considered as a sort of small funicular or incline elevator. In Japan, however, it is legally classified as an , not a funicular railway. There are many other similar facilities in the country, although they are relatively unknown.

Residents of Hanayama use this funicular to quickly reach the nearby train station. It is reliable and convenient. It's of the functional type and doesn't tend to attract tourism; save the odd visitor unfamiliar with funiculars.

See also
List of funicular railways
Slope car

References 

Funicular railways in Japan
Scotchgard. Scotchgard is a 3M brand of products, a stain repellent and durable water repellent applied to fabrics, upholstery, and carpets to protect them from stains. Scotchgard products typically rely on organofluorine chemicals as the main active ingredient along with petroleum distillate solvents.

History 
The original formula for Scotchgard was discovered accidentally in 1952 by 3M chemists Patsy Sherman and Samuel Smith, although Patsy Sherman holds 13 patents regarding Scotchgard and is generally recognized as the scientist who discovered Scotchgard's possibilities.

Sales began in 1956, and in 1973 the two chemists received a patent for the formula.

3M reformulated Scotchgard and since June 2003 has replaced perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) with perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS). PFBS has a much shorter half-life in people than PFOS (a little over one month vs. 5.4 years). 3M now states that Scotchgard utilizes a proprietary fluorinated urethane.

Use

Environmental concerns
During 1999, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) began an investigation into the class of chemicals used in Scotchgard, after receiving information on the global distribution and toxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), the "key ingredient" of Scotchgard. The compound perfluorooctanesulfonamide (PFOSA), a PFOS precursor, was an ingredient and also has been described as the "key ingredient" of Scotchgard. Under US EPA pressure, in May 2000, 3M announced the phaseout of the production of PFOA, PFOS, and PFOS-related products. In May 2009, PFOS was determined to be a persistent organic pollutant (POP) by the Stockholm Convention. Following the EPA's investigation into 3M Contamination of Minnesota Groundwater, in 2018, 3M agreed to pay the state of Minnesota $850 million to settle a $5 billion lawsuit over drinking water contaminated by PFOA and other fluorosurfactants.

See also

Fluorocarbon
Fluorosurfactant

References 

3M brands
Organofluorides
Products introduced in 1956
Sulfonic acids
5083 aluminium alloy. 5083 aluminium alloy is an aluminium–magnesium alloy with magnesium and traces of manganese and chromium. It is highly resistant to attack by seawater and industrial chemicals.

Alloy 5083 retains exceptional strength after welding. It has the highest strength of the non-heat treatable alloys with an Ultimate Tensile Strength of 317 MPa or 46000 psi and a Tensile Yield Strength of 228 MPa or 33000 psi. It is not recommended for use in temperatures in excess of 65 °C. Alloy 5083 is also commonly used in cryogenic applications due to it being able to be cooled to -195°C. At this temperature, the alloy has an increase in ultimate tensile strength of 40% and in yield strength of 10% as well as exhibiting excellent fracture toughness at such temperatures.

Anodizing
For AA 5083 alloy, the stages of porous structure development are substantially identical with that of pure aluminium, although an increase in oxide growth rate and high conductance of the oxide film were observed.

Chemical composition

The composition of 5083 aluminium is:

 Aluminium: balance (92.55-95.55%)
 Chromium: 0.05-0.25% max
 Copper: 0.1% max
 Iron: 0.4% max
 Magnesium: 4.0 to 4.9%
 Manganese: 0.4 to 1.0%
 Silicon: 0.4% max
 Titanium: 0.15% max
 Zinc: 0.25% max

Applications
Alloy 5083 is commonly used in:
 Shipbuilding
 Railroad cars
 Drilling rigs
 Coachwork
 Pressure vessels
 Vehicle armour
 Cryogenics

Use requiring a weldable moderate-strength alloy having good corrosion resistance is met by alloy 5083.

See also 
 Hydronalium

References

Further reading

Aluminium–magnesium alloys
Greek Ship. The Greek Ship (, ) is the nickname of a cargo steamship, Khoula F, that has been beached on the southwest coast of Kish Island, Iran, since 1966. She was built in 1943 by the British shipyard of William Hamilton and Company in Port Glasgow, Scotland, under the name Empire Trumpet. From 1946 to 1966, she passed through a series of British and Iranian owners and various changes of name. Her final owners were Greek.

Propulsion
Empire Trumpet was steam powered.  She had nine corrugated furnaces with a combined grate area of  that heated three 220 lbf/in2 single-ended boilers with a combined heating surface of . The boilers supplied a triple-expansion engine, which had cylinders of ,  and  bore by  stroke, and was rated at 510 NHP. The engine was built by David Rowan & Co Ltd of Glasgow.

Career

Empire Trumpet first owner was the British Ministry of War Transport, which placed her under the management of Larrinaga Steam Ship Co from 1943 and then T&J Harrison Co from 1945. She was chartered to the South African Government from 1943 to 1946. In 1946, Charente Steam Ship Co bought the ship, renamed her Naturalist, and continued the management arrangement with T&J Harrison.

In 1959, Iranian Lloyd & Co Ltd of Khorramshahr bought the ship and renamed her Persian Cyrus. Iranian Lloyd placed Persian Cyrus under the management of B Ashworth and Co. (Overseas) Ltd of London. In 1965, Iranian Shipping Lines SA of Khorramshahr bought the ship and renamed her Hamadan. In 1966, P.J. Frangoulis and A.I. Cliafas of Greece bought the ship and renamed her Koula F.

Wreck

On July 25, 1966, Koula F ran aground on the south-western coast of Kish Island in the Persian Gulf. The Dutch salvage tug Orinoco tried to refloat the ship but was unsuccessful. The insurers declared Khoula F a total loss and she has remained beached ever since. The ship's condition has deteriorated and her stern has started to break up.  The ship attracts tourists who come to view her at sunset.

References

1943 ships
Ships built on the River Clyde
Kish Island
Maritime incidents in 1966
Ships of Iran
Shipwrecks in the Persian Gulf
Steamships of Greece
Steamships of the United Kingdom
Buildings and structures in Hormozgan province
1943 establishments in Scotland
1966 in Iran
1988 CSN strike. The 1988 CSN strike was a historic strike at the Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional in Brazil. Three workers died in an attempt by the police and the army to retake control of the facilities. Two of them were shot and taken by their co-workers to a hospital. One was found with heavy bruises in the head.

A monument designed by Oscar Niemeyer was erected in honour of the victims. It was partially destroyed by a bomb in the next day, and only in 1999 it was discovered that this was done by the army. This event is considered one of the landmarks of the period of "Brazilian late dictatorship."

References 

Labour disputes in Brazil
CSN Strike
1988 labor disputes and strikes
Steel industry strikes
Anti-union violence
Otto H. York. Otto H. York (1910 – July 12, 2007) was an American chemical engineer, entrepreneur, and philanthropist.

Early life and education 
York was born in Chicago in 1910 and spent much of his life in Maplewood, New Jersey. He earned a Bachelor of Science degree in chemical engineering from Purdue University in 1934.

Career 
York began his chemical engineering career working for a number of research laboratories of large companies, inventing several technical refinements that improved the safety and efficiency of fighter planes.

In 1947, York founded a company called Otto H. York Industries. The company developed and marketed the Demister, a device made of knitted wire mesh pads used in the chemical and petroleum industries to improve the performance of process vessels. He built his business into a major New Jersey corporation, which was a leader in chemical recovery. He later sold the company to Foster Wheeler.

York started the Otto H. York Foundation Inc., and supported many groups working to improve healthcare, education and environmental research. A friend and donor to New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) for more than three decades, he enabled substantial improvements to university facilities. In 1989, NJIT dedicated the Otto H. York Center for Environmental Engineering and Science in his honor, and in 1997 he received an honorary Doctor of Science degree from NJIT.

In 2002, York pledged $1 million to the chemical engineering department. The endowment fund to establish scholarships to attract outstanding students to its chemical engineering department as well as to support research by faculty. That same year, the department was renamed the Otto H. York Department of Chemical Engineering.

Personal life 
York was the father of Rhode Island politician Myrth York. He died on July 12, 2007.

References

1910 births
2007 deaths
American chemical engineers
Purdue University College of Engineering alumni