omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Multirotor. A multirotor or multicopter is a rotorcraft with more than two lift-generating rotors.  An advantage of multirotor aircraft is the simpler rotor mechanics required for flight control.  Unlike single- and double-rotor helicopters which use complex variable pitch rotors whose pitch varies as the blade rotates for flight stability and control,  multirotors often use fixed-pitch blades; control of vehicle motion is achieved by varying the relative speed of each rotor to change the thrust and torque produced by each.

Due to their ease of both construction and control, multirotor aircraft are frequently used in radio control aircraft and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (drone) projects in which the names tricopter, quadcopter, hexacopter and octocopter are frequently used to refer to 3-, 4-, 6- and 8-rotor rotorcraft, respectively. There is also the X8 (also called octo-quad) configuration that is similar to the quadracopter design, except that it has eight rotors; the lower of which have a reversed rotation direction.

In order to allow more power and stability at reduced weight, coaxial rotors can be employed, in which each arm has two motors, running in opposite directions which cancels out rotational torque (one facing up and one facing down).

Also possible is the addition of horizontal propellers These types of rotorcraft (which have just 4 vertical propellers) are called quadplanes.

Rotor configurations
 Coaxial rotors
 Cyclorotor
 Intermeshing rotors
 Tail rotor
 Tandem rotors
 Transverse rotors

Examples
 de Bothezat helicopter - an American four-rotor helicopter that first flew on December 18, 1922.
 Cierva Air Horse - a British three-rotor "heavy lift" helicopter first flying in 1948. Three rotors were used to give a large lift without compromising rotor strength.
 Volocopter designs - a series of German prototype electric multicopters with 18 rotors, the first electric multicopter in the world to achieve crewed flight. The large number of low-cost motors make it economical, quiet and provide redundancy with ability to maintain control with up to four failed motors.

References
Hybrid ferry. Hybrid ferries are ferries that combine multiple sources of power (for example, traditional diesel with electric battery power), resulting in reductions in fossil fuel consumption, carbon emissions and other pollutants.

Examples

Scotland
Three hybrid roll-on/roll-off ferries are in operation on the west coast of Scotland. They were launched between December 2012 and December 2015.

California, United States 
When changing to hybrid ferries to and from Alcatraz Island in California, the National Park Service has reduced carbon dioxide emissions by an estimated 700,000 pounds. It does so by drawing power from a photovoltaic system that uses 959 photovoltaic panels that are located on the cell house roof power on the island. The ferry has its own photovoltaic panel and wind turbine on top that helps power the vessel.

Washington, United States 
Washington State Ferries plans to introduce 22 diesel-electric ferries by 2040, cutting its annual diesel use from 19 to 9.5 million gallons.

New York, United States 
The New York Hornblower is powered by diesel, hydrogen fuel cells, AGM batteries, and wind and solar energy. The ferry is designed to carry 600 passengers with an operating speed at 12 knots.  It operates a round trip between Battery Park, Ellis Island, and Liberty Island, also functioning as a harbor tour boat and a dinner cruise boat.

Germany and Denmark 
The Danish ferry operator Scandlines operates 6 hybrid ferries as of 2021. In 2019, they installed a rotor sail onto their existing hybrid passenger ship M/V Copenhagen which operates on the Rostock-Gedser route between Germany and Denmark.

England 

 MV Victoria of Wight sails between  Portsmouth and Fishbourne and is owned by Wightlink
 Earth Clipper - operates on the Thames in London and runs just on batteries whilst in the "Clear air zone"

See also
Electric ferry

Footnotes

External links
 CMAssets (Official) Corporate Homepage
 CalMac (Official) Corporate Homepage
 Seatec Services
 Tec Source

Ferries
Hybrid electric vehicles
Electric boats
Catron & Fisk CF-10. The Catron & Fisk CF-10 aka International CF-10 was a triplane airliner developed by the Catron & Fisk Airplane and Engine Co. in the early 1920s. One example of the type was converted for use in the Dole Air Derby endurance race of 1927.

Development
The Catron & Fisk Airplane and Engine Co was founded in 1917, developing several aircraft in series including the CF-10, a 22-passenger airliner. The company was reorganized as International, accounting for the aircraft's dual identity as the International CF-10. The 'Spirit of Los Angeles' modified the CF-10 with long range fuel tanks and update Wright Whirlwind engines to compete in the Dole Air Derby.

Design
The CF-10 was a large twin engined triplane originally powered with Curtiss OX-5 engines. The aircraft featured a conventional landing gear arrangement, with paired main wheels. The twin engines were mounted to either side of the fuselage between the middle and lower wings. The middle wing did not have a full span, each wing only protruded from the engine nacelles outboard, leaving a gap next to the fuselage for visibility. The fuselage was octagonal in shape with a large windowed cabin, and a two-seat open cockpit placed high to the rear of the aircraft. One example, later known as the Pride of Los Angeles, was painted bright orange.

Operational history
In 1927, actor Hoot Gibson, and five other California businessman sponsored The Pride of Los Angeles, a modified version of the International CF-10, for an attempt at winning the Dole Air Derby. Gibson had his name painted on the nose, and face painted on the sides for publicity. On 12 August 1927 before the air race, pilot James L. Giffin, navigator Ted Lundgren, and passenger Lawrence Wiell  left Los Angeles and crashed into the San Francisco Bay nose first 300 feet shy of its destination Bay Farm Island airport after veering to avoid another plane. All occupants were thrown from the aircraft and made it to land safely. The sponsor, Gibson was furious.

Specifications (Catron & Fisk CF-10)

References

Triplanes
1920s United States airliners
CF-10
Racing aircraft
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Marko (fabric). Marko (UNE EN 11612) is a registered trademark for a group of flame retardant fabrics used in the manufacture of protective clothing for industrial sectors. It was developed in 1997 and marketed as a mark of quality protection. The fabric is a combination of modacrylic and cotton fibres.

Properties
Marko represents a multi-standard fabric for which its creators claim properties that persist throughout a garment's life. The fabric offers remains comfortable and displays no significant wear following washes in both laundry and domestic settings. Protective clothing that complies with EN 11612 is designed to protect industrial workers from brief contact with flames and at least one type of heat. Heat contact may take the form of convective, radiant or contact heat, an electric arc, splashes of molten metal, or certain combinations of these types.

Marko fabrics must also comply with other standards and are therefore tested for tear resistance, tear strength, burst strength and seam strength.

Types
The Marko trademark was later applied to new designs that were developed to address specific risks in the workplace. These include:
Marko Steel (an iron and steel molten metal splash repellant that is appropriate for heavy metal and foundry industries)
Marko AT180HV (high-visibility that is used for work in high altitude areas)
Arc Electric Protection EN61482-1-2, Class 1 and Class 2 (combined)
EN471 knitted light and heavy constructions for high-visibility

See also
Modacrylic

Notes

References 

Aluminium World, 2008, "Protective Clothing to Meet all Levels of Risk Encountered by Aluminium Workers", Aluminium World, p. 82-83,
"Protective Clothing for Industry" Health&Safety International, Retrieved 2008-05-26
marinatextil.net

Technical datasheet
Marko High Visibility EN471
Marko SX

External links
Marina Textil
DirectIndustry
Catalogues DirectIndustry: The Virtual Industrial Exhibition

Brand name materials
Flame retardant fabrics
Technical fabrics
Factory Instrumentation Protocol. The Factory Instrumentation Protocol or FIP is a standardized field bus protocol. Its most current definition can be found in the European Standard EN50170.

History 
The FIP standard is based on a French initiative in 1982 to create a requirements analysis for a future field bus standard. The study led to the European Eureka initiative for a field bus standard in June 1986 that included 13 partners. The development group (réseaux locaux industriels) created the first proposal to be standardized in France. The name of the FIP field bus was originally given as an abbreviation of the French "Flux d'Information vers le Processus" while later referring to FIP with the English name "Factory Instrumentation Protocol" (some references also use the hybrid "Flux Information Protocol"). 

Based on the requirements study other manufacturers created similar protocol definitions - starting in 1990 a number of partners from Japan and America merged with FIP to the WorldFIP standardization group (that later merged into the Fieldbus Foundation group). Along with the competing German Profibus the field buses were submitted for European standardization by CENELEC in 1996. Along with other field bus standards these CENELEC standards were included to the international IEC 61158 and IEC 61784 standards by 1999 where FIP is listed as the Communication Profile Family 5. Eventually FIP has lost ground to Profibus which came to prevail the market in Europe in the following decade - the WorldFIP homepage has seen no press release since 2002 (with the US based Fieldbus Foundation to haven taken the lead in ongoing development which however promotes H1 fieldbus for process automation). 

The closest cousin of the FIP family can be found today in the Wire Train Bus for train coaches. However a specific subset of WorldFIP - known the FIPIO protocol - can be found  widely in machine components.

Technology 
There are three transmission speeds specified as 31.25 kbit/s, 1 Mbit/s and 2.5 Mbit/s for cable and optical fibre. There may be 255 stations per segment with an overall address range of 65536 communication ports. The messaging protocol uses synchronized access to the channel with messages of 128 bytes length.

External links 
 https://web.archive.org/web/20070428141019/http://www.iufmrese.cict.fr/catalogue/2001/bus_terrain/html/bus2.shtml - History (French)

Industrial computing
Serial buses
Industrial automation
Hummel H5. The Hummel H5 is an American amateur-built aircraft, designed by Morry Hummel and produced by Hummel Aviation. The aircraft is supplied as a kit or plans for amateur construction.

Design and development
The H5 is a development of the Hummel Ultracruiser Plus and has a gross weight that is heavier than the original Hummel Bird.

The H5 features a cantilever low-wing, a single-seat enclosed cockpit under a bubble canopy, fixed conventional landing gear, or optionally tricycle landing gear, and a single engine in tractor configuration. The cockpit is  wide.

The aircraft is made from sheet aluminum. Its  (optionally ) span wing employs a Harry Ribblett GA30-618 airfoil and has an area of . The aircraft's recommended engine power range is  and standard engines used include the  Volkswagen air-cooled engine four-stroke. Construction time from the supplied kit is estimated as 420 hours.

Operational history
By December 2011 twelve examples had been completed and flown.

Specifications (H5)

References

External links

Official video of test flying the H5
Official photo of the H5

Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Hummel Aviation aircraft
International Ultralight Banchee. The International Ultralight Banchee (also called the Banshee) is an American ultralight aircraft designed by Brian Jensen, Gil Kinzie and Nick Nichols and produced by International Ultralight Aviation. The aircraft was supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

Design and development
The aircraft closely resembles the Pterodactyl Ptraveler, and, like the Pterodactyl, was designed to comply with the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules, including the category's maximum empty weight of . The Banchee has a standard empty weight of . It features a cable-braced high-wing, single-seat, open cockpit, single pusher engine configuration, and is equipped with tricycle landing gear.

The aircraft is made from bolted-together aluminum tubing, with the wing covered with Dacron sailcloth. Its  span wing is cable-braced from an inverted "V" kingpost, has 4° of dihedral and 15° of sweepback. The three-axis control system is unconventional, with pitch controlled by an all-flying canard, yaw by wingtip rudders and roll by spoilerons, all actuated by a single side-stick, the aircraft lacking rudder pedals. The cockpit is an open sling seat without a windshield. The tricycle landing gear features suspension on all wheels. The Cuyuna 430R engine is mounted behind the pilot and can produce  at 6250 rpm.

A ballistic parachute was available as an option, as was an electric starter; the company claimed that the Banchee could be rigged in 35 minutes.

Accidents and incidents
On 21 May 1983 during a demonstration flight at St. George, Utah a Banchee suffered a cable swaging failure at an altitude of  that resulted in one fatality. The US
National Transportation Safety Board cited the probable causes as improper maintenance and quality assurance on the part of the manufacturer. The company went out of business shortly after the accident.

Specifications (Banchee)

References

1980s United States ultralight aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Banchee
Canard aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
UltraESB. UltraESB is a lightweight enterprise service bus (ESB) capable of supporting many transports and message formats natively. It allows messages to be mediated via Java or JSR 223 scripting languages through an API, and is the first ESB to claim support for Zero-Copy proxying of messages with Non-Blocking IO capabilities. In 2013, it was selected as the ESB and API Management platform by a recent Fortune #1 company based on its performance and stability.

The initial version was published in January 2010  and the code was subsequently open sourced under the OSI approved Affero General Public License (AGPL) in 24 August 2010. Continuous nightly builds are there to ensure the performance of latest development code.

Features
Some of the key features of UltraESB are:
 Use any IDE – Allowing users to choose any IDE for development significantly reduces the learning curve for development
 Ability to unit test, along with close to 50% code coverage
 Easily extensible via third-party libraries, Spring configured beans and custom code
 Support for number of message formats and transformations
 Support for payloads and protocols such as AS2, HL7, SOAP, REST, FIX transports such as MLLP/S, JMS, AMQP, FTP/S, SFTP and WS-Security, XACML and JTA XA transactions
 Very light weight download of ~42MB for complete distribution (Minimal version < 9MB)
 Support for clustering and fail-over for high-availability
 Built-in metrics and JMX, CLI and Web based management

Supporting tools

Design and development tools
UltraESB is equipped with various development tools for testing, development and deployment.
 IntelliJ IDEA, Eclipse and NetBeans as IDEs
 Plugin for IntelliJ IDEA
 UTerm – An interactive command line and scriptable administration utility
 JMX based management/monitoring support and integration with the Zabbix open source monitoring solution

Management and monitoring tools
The management and monitoring tools are shipped with all distributions other than the minimal (Complete distribution & Source distribution).
 UConsole – The web based management and monitoring console
 IMonitor – executes as an independent web application and allows managing and monitoring either a single node or a cluster of ESBs

See also
 Apache ServiceMix, a similar and related open-source ESB
 Guaraná DSL
 FUSE ESB
 Oracle Enterprise Service Bus
 Open ESB

References

External links
 Company website
 Source code

Enterprise application integration
Service-oriented (business computing)
Message-oriented middleware
Software using the GNU Affero General Public License
Willard Bascom. Willard Newell Bascom (November 7, 1916 – September 20, 2000), was an engineer, adventurer and scientist, as well as a writer, photographer, painter, miner, cinematographer, and archeologist, who first proposed using Neoprene for wetsuits to fellow scientist Hugh Bradner. He authored several books which include the topics of waves, geology, archaeology, poetry, and oceanography. In his book Deep water, Ancient Ships he first proposed the hypothesis that anoxic water in the Black Sea would preserve ancient Black Sea shipwrecks. He led the first test drillings for Project Mohole, and was project director from 1960-1962. Bascom was a consultant to the Advisory Committee on Government Organization.  He also served as the Technical Director of the Advisory Committee on Civil Defense of the National Academy of Science and National Research Council.

From 1973 to 1985, Bascom served as director of the Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, funded by various city and county sewage districts. Bascom took the somewhat controversial view that human food waste in sewage could feed growing populations of fish. “In Los Angeles, one-third of the sewage solid waste went through garbage disposals, food that we might have eaten,” he once said. “But whether the food went through us or around us, it makes no difference to sea animals.” 

In 1980, Bascom was awarded the Explorers Club Medal, their highest honor.

Books
 A Hole in the Bottom of the Sea: The Story of the Mohole Project (1961)  
Waves and Beaches: The Dynamics of the Ocean Surface Anchor Doubleday (1980),  (Science Study Series)
Deep Water, Ancient Ships: The Treasure Vault of the Mediterranean, 
The Crest of the Wave: Adventures in Oceanography (1988), 
Great sea poetry, Compass Publications (1969)

References

American oceanographers
1916 births
2000 deaths
Scientists from New York City
Jacky Eeckelaert. Jacques "Jacky" Eeckelaert (born 11 January 1955) is a Belgian automotive engineer who has worked in many categories of motorsport. He currently works for Abt Sportsline as Technical Director in the DTM.

Career
A native of Antwerp, Eeckelaert studied mechanical engineering at the Catholic University of Leuven and then spent four years working in Ford's engine development department, before becoming head of the technical department of Champion's European wing.

He also competed as a racing driver, competing for privateer teams in Formula Ford and Formula Three. In 1985 he left Champion to become Team Manager of the Keerbergs Transport Racing team, which competed in the German and French F3 series. He moved to the DAMS International Formula 3000 team in 1991 and then to the Danielson team, which ran Peugeot 905 Spider sportscars, a year later.

In 1994, Eeckelaert moved directly into the employ of Peugeot Sport, successfully overseeing the marque's championship campaign in that year's French Supertouring Championship with Laurent Aïello. For , he was placed in charge of Peugeot's Formula One engine testing programme, in which capacity he liaised between the Jordan team and the Peugeot headquarters.  For the 1998 season, Peugeot switched to supplying the Prost team, and Eeckelaert joined the outfit as its Chief Engineer, although his role was downgraded to cover only the test team the following year.  At the end of , he was offered a similar role at the Sauber team and two years later returned to the Grands Prix as Kimi Räikkönen's race engineer. In , he was appointed the team's Head of Track Engineering.

He moved to the Honda team in  as Chief Engineer in the Advanced Research programme. In , he was promoted to Engineering Director, after predecessor Mark Ellis moved to sister team Super Aguri. Eeckelaert himself then moved to Super Aguri, only for the team to shut down after running out money part-way through the  season. After spending a year in sportscars, he returned to F1 in  with the new HRT team, and has been placed in charge of the team's  car after Geoff Willis left the team and plans to hire Jörg Zander fell through. The Hispania F112 will be the first F1 car over which Eeckelaert will have chief responsibility to design. Before the new car was launched, however, he left the team to work for former Hispania team principal Colin Kolles's sportscar team, which is running Lotus-badged LMP2 cars in the 2012 FIA World Endurance Championship season. His position at Hispania was taken by Chief Designer Jean-Claude Martens.

In November 2012 Eeckelaert moved to the German DTM team Abt Sportsline, where he works as Technical Director.

References

Belgian automobile designers
Formula One designers
Belgian racing drivers
Living people
1955 births
Engineers from Antwerp
Formula E people
20th-century Belgian engineers
21st-century Belgian engineers
Sportspeople from Antwerp
Chen Jin (computer scientist). Chen Jin (; born in 1968) is a Chinese computer scientist.

Chen was born in Putian, Fujian, in 1968, along with a twin brother. He earned a bachelor's degree from Tongji University in Shanghai and in 1991, moved to the United States to study computer engineering at the University of Texas at Austin.  In 1998, he earned a Ph.D. there while working at Motorola's Austin research center. Chen moved back to China in 2000 and worked at Shanghai Jiao Tong University.

In 2003, Chen announced a breakthrough in microchip design. The Chinese government, eager to develop an indigenous hi-tech industry, greeted the news with great delight. He was appointed Dean of Microelectronics at Shanghai Jiao Tong University and promised to deliver newer chips Hanxin II and III in 2004. However, it was proven to be fraudulent as a whistleblower revealed that the Hanxin chip was not his creation. This resulted in his expulsion and possible criminal investigation by authorities.

References

1969 births
Chinese computer scientists
Living people
Educators from Fujian
Academic staff of Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Scientists from Fujian
Motorola employees
Tongji University alumni
University of Texas at Austin alumni
People involved in scientific misconduct incidents