omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica. Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, A.C. (IPICyT, and in English: San Luis Potosí Institute of Scientific Research and Technology) is one of 26 Public Research Centers in Mexico, funded by CONACyT. It was founded on Nov. 24, 2000.

It is divided into five academic departments: Nanoscience and Materials, Control and Dynamical Systems, Environmental Science, Applied Geosciences and Molecular Biology.

It also houses the Centro Nacional de Supercómputo de los Centros CONACyT (National Supercomputing Center for CONACyT).

References

Education in Mexico
Public universities and colleges in Mexico
Universities and colleges in San Luis Potosí
VT1.5. VT1.5 is a type of virtual tributary in SONET.

SONET bandwidth is defined in multiples of an OC-1/STS-1, each of which can transport up to 51.84 Mbit/s. However, it is frequently desirable to address much smaller portions of bandwidth. To meet this need, sub-STS-1 facilities called Virtual Tributaries have been defined. In North America and Japan, the VT1.5 is the most common virtual tributary because it can carry 1.544 Mbit/s; just enough room for a DS1/T1 signal. In Europe, the VT2 (with a data rate of 2.304 Mbit/s) is used to transport E1s.

Some SONET manufacturers offer products that can switch at the VT1.5 level. Such equipment is able to re-arrange the data payloads so that inbound VT1.5s are placed into a completely different set of outbound STS's than the ones they arrived in. Among other things, this allows the bandwidth usage to be optimized and facilitates a cleaner network design.

The following is provided via Network Infrastructure/Design Student:

Four types of VT's defined in SONET
VT 1.5 (DS-1: 1.544 Mbit/s)
VT 2 (E-1: 2.048 Mbit/s)
VT 3 (DS-1C: 3.152 Mbit/s)
VT 6 (DS-2: 6.312 Mbit/s)

7 VT groups (VTG) per STS-1.
Four DS-1s map into one VTG.
One STS-1 frame can carry 28 DS-1s
DS-3 Maps directly to STS-1. VT are not needed.

External links
"Understanding Sonet VTs: A Tutorial"

Network protocols
Synchronous optical networking
MINC (disambiguation). Minc, MINC, or MinC may refer to:

 MINC, a data specification language.
 MinC, one of three proteins encoded by the minB operon
 Alain Minc (1949–), French businessman, political advisor, and author
 Carlos Minc (1951–), Brazilian geographer and politician
 Henryk Minc (1919–2013), Polish-American mathematician 
 Hilary Minc (1905–1974), Polish economist and member of Communist Party of Poland
 Ministério da Cultura (MinC), Brazil's Culture of Ministry
 MINC-11 computer, a PDP-11/03 or PDP-11/23 computer for laboratory applications
Laboratoire d'Informatique de Paris 6. LIP6 is a joint research unit (UMR 7606) specialized in computer science. It is one of the largest computer science laboratories in France, with more than 150 permanent researchers and around 130 PHD candidates. It is associated with the CNRS, the French state research organization, and Sorbonne University.

LIP6's current name comes from the acronym of its historical name as the Computer Science Laboratory of Paris 6 (in French: Laboratoire d’Informatique de Paris 6). It was founded in January 1997 through the fusion of three smaller research laboratories.

Research & Activities
LIP6's activities focus on the modeling and resolution of fundamental computer science problems driven by their applications, as well as the implementation and validation of solutions through academic and industrial partnerships.

Research is carried by 18 teams spread across 4 main research axes:

 Artificial Intelligence and Data Science (AID)
 Architecture, Systems and Network (ASN)
 Safety, Security and Reliability (SSR)
 Theory and Mathematics for Computing (TMC)

LIP6's scientific production represents more than 500 publications per year, with around 50 theses being defended yearly. Research conducted at LIP6 also led to 84 patents and numerous software.

International cooperation is essential for LIP6. The unit maintains strong ties with universities in Brazil, Japan, China, the United States, and many European countries. In addition to academic research, LIP6 also has a long history of cooperation with industrial partners through the framework of national, European or international projects.

LIP6 currently hosts three European Research Council (ERC) projects:

 Quantum Superiority with Coherent State (QUSCO)
 Modular Open Platform for Static Analysis (MOPSA)
 Topological Reduction of Scientific 3D Data (TORI)

LIP6 is very active within Sorbonne University and fosters transdisciplinary collaborations between multiple Sorbonne-based research units. Most notably, the lab is strongly involved in Sorbonne Center for Artificial Intelligence (SCAI) and the Quantum Information Center Sorbonne (QICS), the latter being hosted within LIP6's offices.

References and sources
 Rapport du comité d'experts. Report on LIP6 by a committee of independent experts. Published by AERES (Agence de l'évaluation de la recherche et de l'enseignement supérieur), France's independent research evaluation agency. February 2008. This report states: "Sa notoriété scientifique nationale et européenne est globalement très bonne" ("Its national and international scientific reputation is overall very good").  Retrieved 2013-03-02.
 Rapport d'évaluation de l'unité LIP6. Rapport publié le 28/03/2024 par le Haut Conseil de l'Evaluation de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur.

External links
  

Research institutes in France
Computer science institutes in France
French National Centre for Scientific Research
1997 establishments in France
Comparison of open-source operating systems. These tables compare free software / open-source operating systems. Where not all of the versions support a feature, the first version which supports it is listed.

General information

Supported architectures

Supported hardware

General

Networking

Network technologies

Supported file systems

Supported file system features

Security features

See also 

    
 Berkeley Software Distribution
 Comparison of operating systems
 Comparison of Linux distributions
 Comparison of BSD operating systems
 Comparison of kernels
 Comparison of file systems
 Comparison of platform virtualization software
 Comparison of DOS operating systems
 List of operating systems
 Live CD
 RTEMS
 Unix
 Unix-like

References

External links

 
Open Source Operating Systems
Presentation–abstraction–control. Presentation–abstraction–control (PAC) is a software architectural pattern. It is an interaction-oriented software architecture, and is somewhat similar to model–view–controller (MVC) in that it separates an interactive system into three types of components responsible for specific aspects of the application's functionality. The abstraction component retrieves and processes the data, the presentation component formats the visual and audio presentation of data, and the control component handles things such as the flow of control and communication between the other two components.

In contrast to MVC, PAC is used as a hierarchical structure of agents, each consisting of a triad of presentation, abstraction and control parts. The agents (or triads) communicate with each other only through the control part of each triad. It also differs from MVC in that within each triad, it completely insulates the presentation (view in MVC) and the abstraction (model in MVC). This provides the option to separately multithread the model and view which can give the user experience of very short program start times, as the user interface (presentation) can be shown before the abstraction has fully initialized.

History 
PAC was initially developed by French computer scientist, Joëlle Coutaz in 1987. Coutaz founded the User Interface group at the Laboratoire de Génie Informatique of IMAG.

See also
Action Domain Responder
Hierarchical model–view–controller
Model–view–presenter
Model–view–viewmodel
Presenter First
PAC-Amodeus

Notes

References

External links
 Architectural outline for the game Warcraft as it might be implemented using the PAC Architectural Pattern: Programming of the application PACcraft:Architecture (in French)
 Pattern:Presentation-Abstraction-Control (pattern description)
 PAC description in the Portland Pattern Repository
 WengoPhone is a free software VoIP application that is written using the PAC design pattern.
 description of PAC and motivation for use in WengoPhone.
 demonstration code, courtesy of the OpenWengo community.
 

Software architecture
Software design patterns
Programming paradigms
Human–computer interaction
User interfaces
Login session. In computing, a login session is the period of activity between a user logging in and logging out of a (multi-user) system.

On Unix and Unix-like operating systems, a login session takes one of two main forms:
 When a textual user interface is used, a login session is represented as a kernel session — a collection of process groups with the logout action managed by a session leader.
 	
 Where an X display manager is employed, a login session is considered to be the lifetime of a designated user process that the display manager invokes.

On Windows NT-based systems, login sessions are maintained by the kernel and control of them is overseen by the Local Security Authority Subsystem Service (LSA). winlogon responds to the secure attention key, it requests the LSA to create login sessions on login, and terminates all of the processes belonging to a login session on logout.

See also
 Booting process of Windows NT
 Architecture of Windows NT
 Booting
 Master boot record
 Power-on self-test
 BootVis

Further reading
 

Operating system technology
Truss connector plate. A truss connector plate, or gang plate, is a kind of tie. Truss plates are light gauge metal plates used to connect prefabricated light frame wood trusses. They are produced by punching light gauge galvanized steel to create teeth on one side. The teeth are embedded in and hold the wooden frame components to the plate and each other.

Nail plates are used to connect timber of the same thickness in the same plane. When used on trusses, they are pressed into the side of the timber using tools such as a hydraulic press or a roller. As the plate is pressed in, the teeth are all driven into the wood fibers simultaneously, and the compression between adjacent teeth reduces the tendency of the wood to split.

A truss connector plate is manufactured from ASTM A653/A653M, A591, A792/A792M, or A167 structural quality steel and is protected with zinc or zinc-aluminum alloy coatings or their stainless steel equivalent. Metal connector plates are manufactured with varying length, width and thickness (or gauge) and are designed to laterally transmit loads in wood. They are also known as stud ties, metal connector plates, mending plates, or nail plates. However, not all types of nail plates are approved for use in trusses and other structurally critical placements.

History 

John Calvin Jureit invented the truss connector plate and patented it in 1955. He formed the company Gang-Nails, Inc. which was later renamed Automated Building Components, Inc.

References

Structural engineering
Hedden Iron Construction Company. Hedden Iron Construction Company was a manufacturer of iron and steel components founded in 1889 and sold in 1931 to the Bethlehem Steel Company.

History
Eugene Bleything Hedden, son of Viner J. Hedden, president of V.J. Hedden and Sons Construction Co., graduated from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1885 with a degree in civil engineering. He took employment first with The Riverside Bridge and Iron Works of Paterson, New Jersey, where he could study steel and iron construction. After about a year, he accepted a similar position with Wallis Iron Works, of New Jersey.
In 1889 he established himself in steel and iron construction work, with offices at 35 Broadway, New York City, NY. In 1892 a plant was constructed at Bloomfield Center, with railroad facilities on the Delaware, Lakawanna, and Western railroad, for the manufacture of all kinds of constructional iron and steel. The company was incorporated in 1903 under the name of Hedden Iron Construction Co., with offices at 22 Clinton St., Newark, New Jersey. The company was incorporated with an authorized capital of $100,000 and Mr. Hedden was named president.

In 1910 the Bloomfield plant was abandoned, and a new plant was erected on  at Lyons Farms, on the Irvington branch of the Lehigh Valley railroad. The main shop of the new plant was 110 x , and had switching facilities for twenty-three cars on a double end switch. This plant was equipped with the most modern machinery, capable of manufacturing any kind of construction steel.

Gilbert Hedden of Chatham, New Jersey was born in 1897, and became, in 1919, vice-president and General Manager of Hedden Iron Construction Company. On the sale in 1931 of the business to Bethlehem Steel Company, he became plant manager of the "Hedden" works.

Many of the finest bridges and skyscrapers in the area were erected with steel from the Hedden Iron Construction Company.

See also
Hedden Construction Company

References

History of The City of Newark, New Jersey, Urquhart, Vol III, 1913
The Genealogical And Memorial History of the State of New Jersey, Vol III, Lewis, Pub. 1913

Companies based in Essex County, New Jersey
Atos Information Technology Incorporated. Atos Information Technology Incorporated is a service provider which is owned by Atos. Atos Information Technology Incorporated provides a wide range of information technology services such as consulting, systems integration, and IT management.

Atos Information Technology Incorporated was formed on 1 October 2007 from the merger of several groups from various countries, including Siemens Business Services (Germany), Program and System Engineering (Austria), Siemens Information Ltd (India), Business Innovation Center (Switzerland) and Development Innovations and Projects (Greece).

SIS became an entity legally independent of Siemens AG in October 2010.

In December 2010, it was announced that Atos Origin would form a strategic partnership with Siemens AG. The deal concluded in July 2011, where Siemens contributed its Atos Information Technology Incorporated for a total sum of €850 million to Atos Origin in order to create a European IT branch. Siemens will for a period of at least five years be a shareholder of Atos Origin with a 15% stake.  As part of the transaction, Siemens concluded a seven-year outsourcing contract worth around €5.5 billion, under which Atos Origin will provide Managed Services and Systems Integration to Siemens. As part of the merger, Atos Origin changed its name to "Atos".

Clients
In 2004, Siemens Business Services won the contract to run the outsourced IT, telephony and broadcast technology systems of the BBC, which had previously been run by BBC Technology. Siemens was also contracted to run the BBC's Digital Media Initiative until 2009, when the BBC terminated the contract and Siemens paid a £27.5m settlement to the BBC. In the same year, Siemens's telephony services also ran into difficulty after Siemens switched the BBC over to an IP telephony system. When Atos Origin acquired the SIS division from Siemens in December 2010, the BBC support contract also passed to Atos, and in July 2011, the BBC announced to staff that its technology support would become an Atos service. Siemens staff working on the BBC contract were transferred to Atos and BBC technology systems (including the BBC website) are now managed by Atos.

Notes

External links
 Atos Global Homepage
 XiiTec IT Solutions - Managed IT Services Vancouver Canada HomePage

Siemens
Short Code (computer language). Short Code was one of the first higher-level languages developed for an electronic computer. Unlike machine code, Short Code statements represented mathematic expressions rather than a machine instruction. Also known as an automatic programming, the source code was not compiled but executed through an interpreter to simplify the programming process; the execution time was much slower though.

History
Short Code was proposed by John Mauchly in 1949 and originally known as Brief Code. William Schmitt implemented a version of Brief Code in 1949 for the BINAC computer, though it was never debugged and tested. The following year Schmitt implemented a new version of Brief Code for the UNIVAC I, where it was now known as Short Code (also Short Order Code). A revised version of Short Code was developed in 1952 for the Univac II by A. B. Tonik and J. R. Logan.

While Short Code represented expressions, the representation itself was not direct and required a process of manual conversion. Elements of an expression were represented by two-character codes and then divided into 6-code groups in order to conform to the 12-byte words used by BINAC and Univac computers. For example, the expression

 a = (b + c) / b * c

was converted to Short Code by a sequence of substitutions and a final regrouping:

 X3 =  (  X1 +  Y1 )  /  X1 * Y1   substitute variables
 X3 03 09 X1 07 Y1 02 04 X1   Y1   substitute operators and parentheses. 
                                   Note that multiplication is
                                   represented by juxtaposition. 07Y10204X1Y1                      group into 12-byte words.
 0000X30309X1

Along with basic arithmetic, Short Code allowed for branching and calls to a library of functions. The language was interpreted and ran about 50 times slower than machine code.

See also 
 History of programming languages
 Algorithm

References

External links
 Wexelblat, Richard L. (Ed.) (1981). History of Programming Languages, p. 9.  New York: Academic Press.  
 

Procedural programming languages
Programming languages created in 1950
Barkai. Barkai () is an Israeli kibbutz in the Menashe Regional Council on the western side of Wadi Ara. In , it had a population of .

History
Kibbutz Barkai was founded on 10 May 1949 on land that had belonged to the depopulated Palestinian village of Wadi Ara.

Economic branches include  thermal and acoustic insulation, lamination and packaging: the Polyon Barkai factory; and agriculture: cattle, poultry, avocado and field crops.

Infimer Technologies manufactures a recycled composite polymer that serves as raw material for plastic manufacturers. Combined with virgin plastic, it is used to make chairs, tables, crates, plumbing pipes and toolboxes.

Panorama

References

External links
Official website 
Polyon

Kibbutzim
Kibbutz Movement
Menashe Regional Council
Populated places established in 1949
Populated places in Haifa District
1949 establishments in Israel
Polish-Jewish culture in Israel
Romanian-Jewish culture in Israel
Architectural pattern. Software architecture pattern is a reusable, proven solution to a specific, recurring problem focused on architectural design challenges, which can be applied within various architectural styles.

Examples 

Some examples of architectural patterns:
Publish–subscribe pattern
Message broker

See also 
 List of software architecture styles and patterns
 Process Driven Messaging Service
 Enterprise architecture
 Common layers in an information system logical architecture

References

Bibliography

 

 

 

 
Software design patterns
Bundesautobahn 38. is an autobahn in Germany. It connects the A 7 near Göttingen with Leipzig. In Die Südharzreise, David Woodard discusses Bundesautobahn 38 in comparison to Route 11 in Paraguay and U.S. Route 66.

Exit list 

 

 292 m

 455 m

|}

References

External links 

38
A038
A038
A038
A038
A038
Proposed roads in Germany
Bundesautobahn 43. is an autobahn in western Germany, connecting Münster via Recklinghausen to Wuppertal. It is an important bypass for traffic coming from the A 1 wanting to go to the western Ruhr valley and wanting to avoid tailbacks at the Kamener Kreuz near Dortmund.

Exit list

|-
|colspan="3"|

 
 
 
 

 

 
  

 

 

 

|}

External links

43
A043
Electrician and IT Workers' Union. The Electrician and IT Workers' Union (, EL og IT) is a trade union in Norway.

The union was formed by the 1999 merger of the Norwegian Union of Electricians and Power Station Workers, and the Norwegian Telecommunication and Data Workers' Union.

EL og IT Forbundet has a membership of over 42,000 and is affiliated with the Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions (LO).

Presidents
1999: Anders Kristoffersen
2001: Hans O. Felix
2015: Jan Olav Andersen
2019: Jan Olav Andersen
2023: Geir Ove Kulseth

References

Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions
Trade unions established in 1999
Trade unions in Norway
1999 establishments in Norway
União Metalo-Mecânica. UMM (, ) is a Portuguese metal works factory and ex-automobile manufacturer based in Lisbon, Portugal. It was founded in 1977 with the purpose of manufacturing four-wheel drive vehicles for agricultural, industrial and utility applications.

History

The UMM 4x4 design is derived from a prototype created by the French engineering firm called SIMI. SIMI had produced the Cournil, a rugged two seater boxy looking Land Rover type of vehicle made with Hotchkiss-JEEP parts with Ferguson Diesel tractor allwheel driven mechanicals itself was originally designed and built by mechanical engineer Bernard Cournil. A civilian model was called the SIMI Entrepreneur 4X4. The Cournil Entrepreneur's building rights were acquired in the 1970s by the Portuguese company União Metalo-Mecânica, part of the Mocar group and were renamed as UMM.

They became known for their durability, especially when in the Paris-Dakar rally the team was able to finish with all the cars that started. Many UMMs are still in use by utilities in Spain, Portugal, Cape Verde (in use by the national army) and France and also by the "Guarda Nacional Republicana" (Portuguese Gendarmerie), fire service and military, although the majority of their customers were private individuals. Around 700 UMMs are still in service in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire). They are also popular in France and Angola.

UMM stopped building the UMM Alter II for private customers in 1994, but kept on taking large orders from military and utility services until 1996. Custom orders are no longer accepted. It is suspected that more than 10,000 UMMs were made.

The most famous UMM is probably the one that transported Pope John Paul II in one of his visits to Portugal. It was based on a 1992 five door, long wheelbase chassis from the Alter II. It featured a 40 mm armoured glass box on the rear with a chair for the Pope. It had air conditioning and outside loudspeakers connected to a microphone in the rear. Originally it had the 2.5 litre turbocharged engine, but due to safety impositions the normal 2.5 litre  diesel engine was fitted.

An updated version was announced in 2000, powered by a 2.1 L turbodiesel engine. This engine was less noisy and had more torque at low speed. Several options were available, including air conditioning and GPS. Price was meant to be lower than a Land Rover Defender with similar finishings. However, the company had no capital to invest in its development.

Notable models 

 UMM 4x4 Cournil (1977-1979)
 UMM 4x4 (1979-1985)
 UMM Alter (1985-1986)
 UMM Alter II Turbo Diesel 2500 (110 bhp 1986–1994)
 UMM Alter 2000 CRDI 2500 4WD (2000–2004)
The name Alter comes from the Alter Real strain of Pure Blood Lusitano horse breed.

See also

 Cournil
 Auverland
 Portaro
 Paris-Dakar Rally
 Heuliez

External links

 UMM's Official Website
 UMM's Unofficial Portuguese Community Forum
 UMM's Unofficial Portuguese Club
 UMM's Unofficial French Site
 UK UMM forum

Car manufacturers of Portugal
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1977
Portuguese companies established in 1977
Companies based in Lisbon