omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Tajik Aluminium Company. The Tajik Aluminium Company (; ), abbreviated as TALCO (Tajik/Russian: ТАЛКО) headquartered in Tursunzoda, Tajikistan, runs the largest aluminium manufacturing plant in Central Asia, and is Tajikistan's chief industrial asset. 

The President of Tajikistan, Emomali Rahmon, personally oversees TALCO and according to The Economist, "Each year, TALCO produces hundreds of millions of dollars in profits that are routed to a shell company in the British Virgin Islands". According to a leaked cable written by the US ambassador in Tajikistan, this shell company is controlled by Rahmon.

Tajikistan has no native aluminium ore, so the raw material for the plant must be imported. Construction of the plant proper began in 1972, and the first pouring of aluminium took place on 31 March 1975.

Tajik news agency AVESTA reported that the plant produced a total of  of aluminium in 2006. In 2012, TALCO is sticking to its plan to produce 332,500 tonnes of primary aluminium, which would restore production approximately to 2010 levels after a 20% decline to 277,584 tonnes in 2011.

TALCO consumes roughly 40% of the country's electrical power, and a 2002 study found it responsible for notable fluorine water pollution in the region.

References

Aluminium companies of Tajikistan
Mining in Tajikistan
Metal companies of the Soviet Union
Dilithium acetylide. Dilithium acetylide  is an organometallic compound with the formula Li2C2. It is typically derived by double deprotonation of acetylene. X-ray crystallography confirms the presence of  subunits attached to lithium, resulting in a polymeric structure.  is one of an extensive range of lithium-carbon compounds, which include the lithium-rich , , , , , , and the graphite intercalation compounds , , and .  It is an intermediate compound produced during radiocarbon dating procedures.

 is the most thermodynamically-stable lithium-rich carbide and the only one that can be obtained directly from the elements. It was first produced by Moissan, in 1896 who reacted coal with lithium carbonate. 

The other lithium-rich compounds are produced by reacting lithium vapor with chlorinated hydrocarbons, e.g. . Lithium carbide is sometimes confused with the drug lithium carbonate, , because of the similarity of its name.

Preparation and reactions
In the laboratory samples may be prepared by treating acetylene with butyl lithium:

Instead of butyl lithium, a solution of lithium in ammonia can be used to prepare . In this case, a transient adduct  if formed.  It decomposes with release of ammonia at room temperature. 

Samples prepared from acetylene generally are poorly crystalline. Crystalline samples may be prepared by a reaction between molten lithium and graphite at over 1000 °C.  can also be prepared by reacting  with molten lithium.

Other method for production of  is heating of metallic lithium in atmosphere of ethylene.  Lithium hydride is a coproduction:

Lithium carbide hydrolyzes readily to form acetylene as well as  Lithium hydroxide: 

Lithium hydride reacts with graphite at 400°C forming lithium carbide.

Lithium carbide reacts with acetylene in liquid ammonia rapidly to give a lithium hydrogen acetylide.

Preparation of the reagent in this way sometimes improves the yield in an ethynylation over that obtained with reagent prepared from lithium and acetylene.

Structure
 could be viewed as a Zintl phase.  It is not a salt. It adopts a distorted anti-fluorite crystal structure, similar to that of rubidium peroxide () and caesium peroxide (). Each lithium atom is surrounded by six carbon atoms from 4 different acetylide anions, with two acetylides co-ordinating side -on and the other two end-on. The relatively short C-C distance of 120 pm indicates the presence of a C≡C triple bond. At high temperatures  transforms reversibly to a cubic anti-fluorite structure.

Use in radiocarbon dating

There are a number of procedures employed, some that burn the sample producing  that is then reacted with lithium, and others where the carbon containing sample is reacted directly with lithium metal. The outcome is the same:  is produced, which can then be used to create species easy to use in mass spectroscopy, like acetylene and benzene. Note that lithium nitride may be formed and this produces ammonia when hydrolyzed, which contaminates the acetylene gas.

References

Lithium compounds
Acetylides
Carbides
Improved. Improved may refer to:

 Improved clinch knot, a knot commonly used to secure a fishing line
 Improved-definition television (IDTV)
 Improved Touring, a category of classifications for cars in amateur road racing
 Improved Orion, an American research rocket
 LNWR Improved Precedent Class, a class of 2-4-0 steam locomotive originally designed for express passenger work

See also
 Most Improved Player (disambiguation), a sports award
 Past participle of Improvement
IÉ 8500, 8510 and 8520 Classes. The Iarnród Éireann 8500, 8510 and 8520 Classes are three related types of EMU used on the DART network in Dublin, Ireland. The total fleet numbers a total of 17 four-car trains, all of which were constructed by the Tokyu Car Corporation.

8500 Class

The 8500 Class were delivered in 2000 and were the first four car units to be used on the DART network. They are numbered in the sequence 860X+850X+850Y+860Y. 850X/850Y units are power cars while 860X/860Y units are unpowered driving trailers. Their interior destination displays and public announcement system has been long turned off. Like all DART units, the 8500 Class are maintained at Fairview depot, and are also stabled at Bray Station.

8510 Class

The 8510 Class were delivered in 2001 as three 4-car trains supplementing the original 8500 Class. Vehicles are numbered in the sequence 861X+851X+851Y+861Y. 851X/851Y units are power cars while 861X/861Y units are unpowered driving trailers. The most visible difference between the 8510 Class and the 8500 Class is the now obsolete passenger information system which is installed in the 8510s. Other differences include the presence of destination/next station displays above the windows of 8510s and the use of LED tail lights and headlights on 8510s in contrast with ordinary ones on the 8500s. They are capable of operating in multiple with the 8500 and 8520 Classes. The units are maintained at Fairview depot.

8520 Class

The 8520 Class was introduced in 2004; there are ten of these sets. The units can be seen working in multiple with an 8500 or 8510 though usually with another 8520 unit. Vehicles are numbered in the sequence 86XX+85XX+85YY+86YY. 85XX/85YY units are power cars while 862X/862Y units are unpowered driving trailers. They were the first units to carry the revised DART logo and also the first to be fully air conditioned. They can be distinguished from the previous 8500s and 8510s by the profile of the bodyshell, which is more rectangular, by the lack of opening windows in the passenger seating area and that the 8520s have flatter seats than the 8500s and 8510s. During 2022, the entire fleet was refurbished. This refurbishment included new exterior LED destination displays on the front and side, new interior displays showing information such as the destination, next stop and time & a new PA system.

Fleet details

Gallery

See also

Multiple Units of Ireland
Dublin Area Rapid Transit
IE 8200 Class

References

External links
 Irish Rail Fleet Information webpage 
 Japan Transport Engineering Company webpage

 
1500 V DC multiple units
Tokyu Car multiple units
Agile Software Corporation. Oracle Agile PLM, formerly Agile Software Corporation, is a product lifecycle management (PLM) software owned by Oracle. Agile Software Corporation was a San Jose, California based company that provided product lifecycle management (PLM) software. After Oracle acquired the company in 2007, it became Oracle Agile PLM. The acquisition also allowed Oracle to expand and rewrite their Oracle Cloud PLM software within the Oracle Cloud SCM suite.

In February, 2005, Agile Software Corporation acquired Cimmetry Systems Corporation, a privately owned software developer specializing in enterprise visualization, for approximately US$41.5 million in cash. Cimmetry Systems Corporation became a wholly owned subsidiary of Agile Software Corporation.

Agile Software Corporation operated as a public company, with shares trading on NASDAQ. On 15 May 2007, Oracle Corporation announced that it would acquire Agile Software Corporation through a cash merger for US$8.10 per share, or approximately US$495 million. On July 16, 2007, Oracle Corporation completed the acquisition of Agile, which became a wholly owned subsidiary.

See also
List of acquisitions by Oracle

External links
 Official website

References

Oracle acquisitions
Product lifecycle management
Defunct software companies of the United States
CIP-Tool. CIP-Tool (Communicating Interacting Processes) is a software tool for the modelling and implementation of event-driven applications. It is especially relevant for the development of software components of embedded systems.

History

The underlying mathematical formalisms of CIP were first proposed by the physicist, Prof. Dr. Hugo Fierz. The tool was subsequently developed at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (Zurich) in a series of research projects during the 1990s. Development and distribution has since been transferred to a commercially operating spin-off company, CIP-Tool, based in Solothurn, Switzerland.

CIP Tool has been over taken by Actifsource GmbH in summer 2011. Actifsource has integrated the CIP Tool into the Actifsource workbench.

Methodology

The CIP-model is basically a finite-state machine, or more precisely, an extended finite-state machine (processes can store and modify variables and can use these to enable or disable transitions).

In CIP, a desired system behaviour is broken down into distinct processes, each of which is a set of states interconnected by transitions. One state in every process is tagged as active state. This active status can be transferred to another state through the execution of a transition. Such transitions are triggered by events (from external sources, e.g. sensors) or in-pulses (from other processes). Transitions can in turn send one or several out-pulses (to other processes) or actions (to external receivers, e.g. effectors).

The CIP-model is sometimes confused with petri nets. This may be because to beginners, the notation looks similar. The similarities should not be over-stressed, however. For example, CIP allows only (and exactly) one active state per process and processes are neither started nor terminated during run-time.

Code generation

CIP-Tool permits models to be automatically converted to executable code. This greatly facilitates testing, documentation and final implementation. Currently the languages C/C++ and Java are supported as output formats.

External links

company website 

Science software
Automata (computation)
Models of computation
Carbon Emission Reduction Target. The Carbon Emission Reduction Target (CERT) in the United Kingdom (formerly the Energy Efficiency Commitment) is a target imposed on the gas and electricity transporters and suppliers under Section 33BC of the Gas Act 1986 and Section 41A of the Electricity Act 1989, as modified by the Climate Change and Sustainable Energy Act 2006

The original Energy Efficiency Commitment 1 (2002–2005) program required that all electricity and gas suppliers with 15,000 or more domestic customers must achieve a combined energy saving of 62 TWh by 2005 by assisting their customers to take energy-efficiency measures in their homes: suppliers had to achieve at least half of their energy savings in households on income-related benefits and tax credits.

In the second phase of the  Energy Efficiency Commitment (2005–2008) scheme, energy saving targets were raised to 130 TWh suppliers, and here suppliers with at least 50,000 domestic customers (including affiliated licenses) were eligible for an obligation.

The third phase of CERT (previously known as Energy Efficiency Commitment 3) originally ran from 2008 to 2011 and increased the previous targets to 154 MtC. A consultation document was published alongside the 2007 Energy White Paper, and responses were invited by 15 August 2007. The new scheme is regulated by Electricity and Gas (Carbon Emissions Reduction) Order 2008 (S.I. 2008/188). In 2009 the UK Government increased the emission reduction target by a further 20% to 185 MtC. In 2010 the Government increased the target to 293 MtC, to be achieved over an extended period running until the end of 2012 (see The Electricity and Gas (Carbon Emissions Reduction) (Amendment) Order 2010: S.I.2010/1958).

From 2013 CERT will be superseded by the Energy Company Obligation (ECO)

See also

10:10 (climate change campaign)
Carbon governance in England
Certified Emission Reduction (CER)
Energy policy of the United Kingdom
White certificate

References

External links
DECC information
DECC Extending the Carbon Emissions Reduction Target consultation

Energy in the United Kingdom
Emissions reduction
Climate change policy in the United Kingdom
Energy performance certificate. An energy performance certificate (EPC) is a rating scheme to summarise the energy efficiency of buildings or devices.

European Union
In the European Union, EPCs are regulated by Energy Performance of Buildings Directive 2010.

Turkey
EPCs are mandatory when buying or selling property.

United Kingdom

Energy performance certificates (EPCs) are a rating scheme to summarise the energy efficiency of buildings. The building is given a rating between A (Very efficient) - G (Inefficient). The EPC will also include tips about the most cost-effective ways to improve the home energy rating. Energy performance certificates are used in many countries.

United States

Energy Star (trademarked ENERGY STAR) is a  program run by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)  and U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) that promotes energy efficiency. The program provides information on the energy consumption of products and devices using different standardized methods. The Energy Star label is found on more than 75 different certified product categories, homes, commercial buildings, and industrial plants. In the United States, the Energy Star label is also shown on the Energy Guide appliance label of qualifying products.

See also
Domestic energy assessor
House energy rating
Home Energy Rating

References

Building energy rating
Building thermal regulations
Apache Rampart module. Apache Rampart is an implementation of the WS-Security standard for the Axis2 Web services engine by the Apache Software Foundation. It supplies security features to web services by implementing the following specifications: 

 WS-Security
 WS-Security Policy
 WS-Trust
 WS-Secure Conversation
 SAML 1.1
 SAML 2.0

See also 
 Free Software Foundation
 Open Software Foundation

External links
 Apache Rampart at the Apache Software Foundation
 Apache Rampart C-language implementation at the Apache Software Foundation
 Apache AXIS2 at the Apache Software Foundation
 Web Services Security Policy Language V1.1 specification 
 Security in a Web Services World: A Proposed Architecture and Roadmap
 WS-SecurityPolicy 1.2 OASIS Standard

Computer security software
Rampart module
Web services
Attitudinal fix. An attitudinal fix refers to solving a problem or resolving a conflict by bringing about an attitude change. Persuasion, mediation, diplomacy, and consciousness raising campaigns are ways of doing this. Only problems or conflicts which involve feelings, emotions, and associated value judgments—that is attitudes—are amenable to such fixes. Thus engineering problems—ones set entirely in the physical environment and/or involving controlling nature—can not be solved by finding an attitudinal fix: their solution must involve a technological fix. Many problems or conflicts involve both attitudes, values and engineering or technological aspects, and these quite different aspects can interact and be intertwined in complex ways. Here problem solving and conflict resolution can be accomplished by seeking either attitudinal fixes, technological fixes, or a combination of both. Not surprisingly, some people prefer one type of solution over the other. Thus in seeking to end a war, some may prefer a negotiated settlement (an important part of which may rest on attitudinal fixes), whereas others may seek a military solution (built on technological fixes).

See also
 Attitude change
 Attitude (psychology)
 Conflict resolution
 Structural fix

References
 Hovland, C. I., Janis, I. L. and Kelley, H. H. (1953) Communications and persuasion: Psychological studies in opinion change, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press

External links
The Attitudinal Fix Mentality  from Project Worldview
Positive Attitudes Resources 
Attitude change
Problem solving methods
Air Hogs. Air Hogs is a line of toy airplanes, helicopters, rockets, and cars manufactured and owned by the Spin Master company of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. They are radio controlled, free-flying, and air-powered aircraft. Several of these, especially the remote-controlled (R/C) ones, are designed to be easily flown without any need for assembly.

Air Hogs was created in 1996 by British inventors John Dixon and Peter Manning, whose prototype of a compressed air powered toy airplane had been rejected by everyone they had shown it to. Excited by the plane's potential, Spin Master licensed the technology and hired a renowned toy invention, design and development company in Chicago owned by Steve and Jeff Rehkemper where an extensive prototyping and engineering effort was conducted using sophisticated CAD engineering software and CNC machining of fresh engine parts and foam fuselages each day after crashing prototypes time and time again until the design was optimized.   Spinmaster and the Rehkempers along with their friend and factory owner in China, William Babbs spent two years and half a million dollars perfecting the toy.

The Air Hogs Sky Shark debuted first in spring 1998 and was an immediate hit, fuelled by coverage on The Today Show and Live with Regis and Kathy Lee, as well as write-ups in Time and Popular Science.
 
Follow-up successes have included Zero Gravity RC Wall Crawler (a radio control Hummer-style vehicle that can be driven up walls), the popular Aero Ace battery powered RC airplanes, Air Hogs Stormlauncher (a vehicle that can operate on land, water, and can fly), Havoc Heli (a 6.5” long indoor RC helicopter weighing just 10 grams) and the Reflex Helicopter (indoor/outdoor fully functional r/c helicopter). Later on, The Stinger was released. In 2008, the Havoc Heli and Stinger were released together in a Laser Battle Pack. A new toy has also been released: the SwitchBlade; a twisting blade with smaller blades that launches vertically but flies straight forward. Another popular radio-control airplane is the Hawkeye Blue Sky, which was released in 2011. It is the only airplane Air Hogs has built with a built-in spy camera. (There are a few indoor helicopters that have them, but no other airplanes.)

References

External links
 Official website

Radio-controlled aircraft
Canadian brands
SCIP. SCIP may refer to:

Science and technology

 SCIP (optimization software); an optimization software for mixed-integer programs
 SCIP database; listing potentially hazardous waste and maintained by the European Chemicals Agency
 Secure Communications Interoperability Protocol; a cryptographic communication standard
 Surgical Care Improvement Project; a medical program in the US
 Strategic Consortium of Intelligence Professionals (SCIP) a global non-profit organization

Other uses
 Mataveri International Airport (ICAO airport code), on Easter Island, Chile
 Sindh Cities Improvement Program, a development program in Pakistan
Stretford process. The Stretford process was developed during the late 1950s to remove hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from town gas. It was the first liquid phase, oxidation process for converting H2S into sulfur to gain widespread commercial acceptance. Developed by Tom Nicklin of the North Western Gas Board (NWGB) and the Clayton Aniline Company, in Manchester, England, the name of the process was derived from the location of the NWGB's laboratories, in Stretford.

The process uses reduction-oxidation (redox) chemistry to oxidise the H2S into elemental sulfur, in an alkaline solution containing vanadium as an oxygen carrier.

The process earned the NWGB a Queen's Award to Industry in 1968. Although it was used in the gas industry for only a relatively short time, the process was licensed by the NWGB and used successfully in a variety of industries worldwide. At the height of its popularity during the 1970s, there were more than a dozen companies offering the Stretford technology. By 1987, about 170 Stretford plants had been built worldwide, and more than 100 were still operating in 1992, capable of removing 400,000 tons of sulfur per year. The first US plant was commissioned in 1971 at Long Beach, California, to process the gas from offshore oil wells.

See also
Sour gas
Hydrodesulfurization

References

Notes

Citations

Bibliography

Fuel gas
Industrial gases
Advanced Technology Development Facility. Advanced Technology Development Facility is a research and development foundry for the semiconductor industry.  It began operations as a research plant for SEMATECH in 1988, but was reorganized as a for-profit subsidiary in July 2004.

Merger
In December 2007, Nanoelectronic Workforce Development Initiative announced a merger with the Silicon Valley Technology Center.  The merger is expected to be completed by the end of 2007. Nanoelectronic Workforce Development Initiative is currently a subsidiary of SEMATECH, a non-profit consortium that performs basic research into semiconductor manufacturing.

Nanoelectronic Workforce Development Initiative

In March 2006, it was together with Austin Community College, launched the Nanoelectronic Workforce Development Initiative, an internship program for college students interested in nanotechnology. The program provides training in nanotech research and development at Nanoelectronic Workforce Development Initiative's fabrication facility to 160 Texas students in two-year technical, undergraduate, and graduate studies. The program is funded with a state grant that is jointly administered by Austin Community College and Nanoelectronic Workforce Development Initiative's parent company SEMATECH.

Award for nanopattern test wafer

Advanced Technology Development Facility will receive a Technology Innovation Showcase Award at SEMICON West for its pioneering Nanopattern test wafer during a public presentation on the product's applications.

Merger

Advanced Technology Development Facility and the Silicon Valley Technology Center announced on December 4, 2007 a merger between the two companies. Silicon Valley Technology Center is a San Jose based development foundry and recent spin-off of Cypress Semiconductor.  Together, the new organization is expected to serve more than 200 customers worldwide. The merger is supposed to be finalized by the end of 2007.  Terms of the deal have not yet been disclosed.

See also
 List of companies based in Austin, Texas

References

External links
Nanoelectronic Workforce Development Initiative Homepage
Silicon Valley Technology Center Homepage
Nanoelectronic Workforce Development Initiative website
 "Sematech Spin-Off Mounting $100-Million Austin Expansion" from Site Selection magazine
Nanopattern Award Press Release
SVTC To Buy Sematech ATDF Fab, Expand Development Foundry Services

Companies based in Austin, Texas
Computer companies established in 1988