omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Arnold Tustin. Arnold Tustin, (16 July 1899 – 9 January 1994), was a British engineer and Professor of Engineering at the University of Birmingham and at Imperial College London who made important contributions to the development of control engineering and its application to electrical machines.

Biography 
Tustin started working in 1914 at the age of 16 as an apprentice to the C. A. Parsons and Company, of Newcastle upon Tyne. He entered Armstrong College, later part of Newcastle University, in 1916, served in the Royal Engineers in World War I, and eventually received his master's degree in science in 1922.

In 1922 he joined Metropolitan-Vickers (Metro-Vick) as a graduate trainee. In the early 1930s he worked for Metro-Vick in Russia for two years, advising and selling equipment to the government companies. Here, he wrote his first book on the design of electric motors, which was also translated into Russian. In the late 1930s and during World War II Tustin was working on the Metadyne constant-current DC generator for gun control. He also developed new methods for gyroscopic stabilisation and further applied servo-mechanisms to tanks and naval guns.

After the war, in 1947, he was appointed Professor of Engineering and head of the Department of Electrical Engineering at the University of Birmingham, a post in which he remained until 1955. In 1953-54 he had been Visiting Professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and from 1955 to 1964 he was Professor of Engineering at Imperial College London. Tustin was married to Frances Tustin, a pioneering psychotherapist and authority on autism.

Tustin's primary concern has been in the field of electrical machines, but his interests extended into the fields of systems thinking, control systems, and even economics and biology.

Publications 
Tustin was the author of several books and many published papers on electrical machines, a selection.
 1952. Automatic and manual control: Papers contributed to the Conferences at Cranfield, 1951, Volume 1951, Deel 1 Academic Press
 1952. Direct current machines for control systems
 1953, The Mechanism of Economic Systems, Cambridge, MA. : Harvard Univ. Press., (2e ed. 1957)
 1956. The Next Ten Years of Electrical Engineering
 1957. Automatic Control. With Ernest Nagel

About Tustin
 1992, "Pioneers of Control: an interview with Arnold Tustin", Chris Bissell  in: IEE Review, June 1992, pp. 223–226
 1994, "Arnold Tustin 1899-1994", Chris Bissell in: Int. J. Control, Vol 60, No 5, Nov 1994, pp. 649 – 652

References

External links

 Institution of Engineering and Technology website

1899 births
1994 deaths
Engineers from Tyne and Wear
British electrical engineers
Systems engineers
Academics of the University of Birmingham
Metropolitan-Vickers people
Faculty of Geodesy, University of Zagreb. The Faculty of Geodesy at the University of Zagreb (Croatian: Geodetski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu) is the only Croatian institution providing high education in Geomatics engineering and the largest faculty in this domain in southeastern Europe.

Education

Since the implementation of the Bologna process in the academic year 2005/06, Faculty of Geodesy offers one undergraduate programme (three years):

 Geodesy and Geoinformatics

which finishes with the title Bachelor of Science in Geodesy and Geoinformatics. After receiving the B.Sc. degree, the student can apply for the Master's degree in two programmes (two years):

 Geodesy
 Geoinformatics

which ends with the title Master of Science in Geodesy or Master of Science in Geoinformatics.

The Faculty offers also two postgraduate programmes:

 PhD (three years)
 spec. (one year)

Organisation
The Faculty comprises 16 departments:

 Chair of State survey
 Chair of Geoinformation Science
 Chair of Hydrography
 Chair of Mathematics and Physics
 Chair of Analysis and processing of geodetic measurements
 Chair of Satellite geodesy
 Chair of Photogrammetry and Remote sensing
 Chair for Geoinformation
 Chair of Cartography
 Chair of Instrumental technology
 Chair of Engineering Geodesy
 Chair for Theory of Organisation and Management
 Chair of Spatial Information Management
 Chair of Land Surveying
 Laboratory of Measuring and Measuring technology
 Hvar Observatory

Students

Students are organised in their student association (Croatian: Studentski zbor) and are participating in few sport activities. Also, they issue the professional magazine Ekscentar.

Noted alumni
 Stjepan Horvat, Rector of University of Zagreb (1944–1945)
 Slavko Macarol, Rector of University of Zagreb (1963–1966)

External links 
  Faculty of Geodesy, University of Zagreb

Geodesy organizations
Geodesy
Donji grad, Zagreb
1962 establishments in Croatia
Universities and colleges established in 1962
ISEB (disambiguation). ISEB may stand for:

Information Systems Examination Board, former name of the examination awarding body of the British Computer Society
Independent Schools Examinations Board, UK body that sets the Common Entrance Examination
International Symposium On Environmental Biogeochemistry, presenters of the Wolf Vishniac Memorial Award for Young Researchers
Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering Building, former name of the Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering Complex at Northeastern University
Electric Tower. 

Electric Tower (or General Electric Tower) is a historic office building and skyscraper located at the corner of Washington and Genesee Streets in Buffalo. It is the seventh tallest building in Buffalo. It stands  and 14 stories tall and is in the Beaux-Arts Classical Revival style. It was designed by James A. Johnson and built in 1912. The tower was based upon an earlier Electric Tower constructed for the 1901 Pan-American Exposition; as with most of the buildings constructed for that event, the original was only temporary and demolished shortly after the fair ended. Additions were made in 1923 and 1928. The white terra-cotta clad was originally built as the Niagara Mohawk Building and features an octagonal tower which steps back three times to terminate in a large lantern. It is also known as Iskalo Electric Tower, for the real estate development company that owns the building.

The decorative symbols featuring aspects of electricity production are considered precursors to subsequent art deco design.

Like One M & T Plaza, the spire of the tower is illuminated with different holiday colors at night throughout the year. Both buildings are illuminated blue and gold for the Buffalo Sabres during the National Hockey League playoffs.

The Electric Tower hosts the annual Buffalo Ball Drop on New Year's Eve, one of the continent's largest ball drops outside the New York City ball drop. Crowds gather in Roosevelt Plaza to celebrate the New Year. The Buffalo Ball Drop is accompanied by live performances and a firework show.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in September 2008.

Gallery

See also
 List of tallest buildings in Buffalo, New York
 Niagara Hudson Building, in Syracuse, also known as "Niagara Mohawk Building"

References

External links

 General Electric Tower - Buffalo, NY - U.S. National Register of Historic Places on Waymarking.com
 
 Electric Tower, Buffalo history website
Preservation Studios Buffalo, NY: historic building rehabilitation and preservation consultants

Art Deco architecture in New York (state)
Beaux-Arts architecture in New York (state)
Office buildings completed in 1912
Office buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
Skyscraper office buildings in Buffalo, New York
Tourist attractions in Buffalo, New York
1912 establishments in New York (state)
National Register of Historic Places in Buffalo, New York
Green & Wicks buildings
1-Propanol (data page). This page provides supplementary chemical data on 1-Propanol (n-propanol).

Material Safety Data Sheet  

The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommended that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS) for this chemical from a reliable source.

Structure and properties

Thermodynamic properties

Vapor pressure of liquid

Table data obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 44th ed.

Distillation data

Spectral data

References

 

Chemical data pages
Chemical data pages cleanup
Demos Commander. Demos Commander (deco) is an orthodox file manager for Unix-like systems and a clone of Norton Commander. The project started by Sergey Vakulenko in 1989 while working at the DEMOS ISP (thus the name Demos Commander: deco) and is considered one of the first orthodox file managers for the Unix-like systems.

Interface 
Demos Commander is a text-mode application. The main interface consists of two panels, which display the file system. It is used in a similar way to many other programs run in the Unix shell. Arrow keys control file selection, the insert key is used to select files (but not directories), and the function keys perform operations such as renaming, editing and copying files. Unlike many full-screen programs that run in console, Demos Commander is not capable of resizing itself when the console changes resolution (for example, when an xterm window is resized) nor able to support any other console resolution than 80×24.

Small footprint 
While lacking features found in more elaborate OFM programs, Demos Commander is suited for rescue-disk setups and for very limited systems (such as 486-based systems) because of its small memory footprint (less than 1 MiB), small binary size (a few hundred KiB) and close to zero dependencies (only ncurses is required).

Current development 
Demos Commander appears to no longer be under active development, with the last version released in 2001 in source code form and a User's Manual for version 3.2.2 in 1993.

See also 

 Orthodox file manager
 Midnight Commander
 Norton Commander
 Comparison of file managers

References

External links
 Current Demos Commander home page

Orthodox file managers
Termcap
Luton Major. The Luton L.A.5 Major was a 1930s British two-seat high-wing cabin monoplane. Following World War II, plans were made available to suit construction as a homebuilt aircraft.

History
The original L.A.5 Major was a two-seat light aircraft powered by a 62 hp Walter Mikron II engine. It was designed by C.H. Latimer-Needham, and built in 1939 by Luton Aircraft Limited at its Phoenix Works, Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire. The prototype (G-AFMU), designated L.A.5 Major, first flew on 12 March 1939. During 1943, the Phoenix Works burnt down, destroying the prototype, and causing the Luton Aircraft company to close.

After World War II, Phoenix Aircraft Limited, formed by the designer C.H. Latimer-Needham and A.W.J.G. Ord-Hume, took over the design rights for the Luton Major. Latimer-Needham updated the design to make it more suitable for homebuilding, in which form it has become L.A.5A Major, with plans marketed by Falconar Avia of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada as the Cubmajor. An open cockpit version is marketed as the Majorette.

Variants
L.A.5 Major
Prototype, one built.
L.A.5A Major
Updated homebuilt version, all homebuilt.
Falconar Cubmajor
Version marketed in kit and plans form by Falconar Avia
Falconar Majorette
Version with open cockpit marketed in kit and plans form by Falconar Avia

Specifications (L.A.5)

Notes

Bibliography

Jackson, A.J. (1974). British Civil Aircraft since 1919 Volume 3. Putnam 

1930s British civil utility aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1939
Stoddard engine. Elliott J. Stoddard invented and patented two versions of the Stoddard engine, the first in 1919 and the second in 1933.  The general engine classification is an external combustion engine with valves and single-phase gaseous working fluid (i.e. a "hot air engine"). The internal working fluid was originally air, although in modern versions, other gases such as helium or hydrogen may be used.

One potential thermodynamic advantage of using valves is to minimize the adverse effects of "unswept volume" in the heat exchangers (sometimes called "dead volume"), which is known to reduce engine efficiency and power output in the valveless Stirling engine.

The 1919 Stoddard engine
The generalized thermodynamic processes of the 1919 Stoddard cycle are:
 Adiabatic compression
 Isobaric heat-addition
 Adiabatic expansion
 Isobaric heat-removal

The engine design in the patent was using a scotch yoke.

The 1933 Stoddard engine
In the 1933 design, Stoddard reduced the internal volume of the heat exchangers maintaining the same generalized thermodynamic processes as the 1919 cycle.

Gallery

References

External links 

Hot air engines
Piston engines
Cooling technology
Cryogenics
Heat pumps
Thermodynamic cycles
1919 introductions
1933 introductions
Luton Aircraft. Luton Aircraft Limited was a British aircraft manufacturer of Barton-in-the-Clay, Bedfordshire, and later Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire.

History
The company was founded to build the designs of C.H. Latimer-Needham and was based at Barton-Le-Clay Airfield, Bedfordshire. The company built two ultralight wooden aircraft designs by C.H. Latimer-Needham in 1936, the Buzzard and L.A.2. The L.A.2 was later rebuilt to become the L.A.3 the prototype for the successful Luton Minor ultralight homebuilt. The company sold the plans for the Luton Minor to homebuilders. In 1937 the L.A.5 Major was developed, it was a larger high-wing aircraft, only one was built.

The company moved to a new factory (the Phoenix Works) in Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire. The company closed down when the works were destroyed by fire in 1943. In 1958 the designer C.H. Latimer-Needham and A.W.J.G Ord-Hume formed Phoenix Aircraft Limited who acquired the design rights for both the Minor and Major. Latimer-Needham further improved both designs to be sold as plans for homebuilders.

Aircraft
 1936 – Luton L.A.1 Buzzard I
 1936 – Luton L.A.2
 1936 – Luton L.A.3 Minor
 1936 – Luton L.A.4 Minor
 1937 – Luton Buzzard II
 1939 – Luton L.A.5 Major

References

Companies based in Bedfordshire
Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the United Kingdom
Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas. Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas () is an institution of higher education in Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine.

Since its establishment in 1967, the university has been known for preparing qualified and experienced specialists for the oil and gas industries. However, it has expanded to offer education in economics, management and law that is directly related to the needs of energy industry.

Ivano-Frankivsk Oil and Gas University has a two-pronged approach toward education of its students: in the classrooms and in the field. In the classroom, students are provided the theoretical knowledge. Then, by working at university "field-classrooms" or by holding internships with regional businesses and organizations, the future specialists gain practical experience.

Structure

Colleges/Faculties
 College of automatics and computer science
 College of electrification and information-measurement technologies
 College of economics and entrepreneurship
 College of oil-gas logistics
 College of management and informational activities
 College of management of industrial and regional economical development
 College of architecture of tourist complexes
 Gas-oil industrial College
 Geological investigatory College
 Engineer-ecological College
 Mechanical College

See also
FC Fakel Ivano-Frankivsk

External links
 Official Web Page of Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas

References 

Education in Ivano-Frankivsk
Universities and institutes established in the Soviet Union
Universities and colleges in Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
Engineering universities and colleges in Ukraine
Educational institutions established in 1967
Buildings and structures in Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
Petroleum engineering schools
1967 establishments in Ukraine
Fossil fuels in the Soviet Union
National universities in Ukraine
Institutions with the title of National in Ukraine
Schools of mines
Microlift glider. A microlift glider is a recreational glider that is able to exploit microlift, which is lift weaker than a conventional glider would require to stay airborne.

Classification
The Fédération Aéronautique Internationale Gliding Commission's Sporting Code defines the classes for gliding competitions and records. One of the classes is the ultralight glider. These are defined as gliders with a take-off mass not exceeding 220 kg (486 lb). Examples of these are the Apis and Silent 2. Microlift gliders are a sub-type of the ultralight class, further defined by a wing loading that does not exceed 18 kg/m2 (3.69 lb/ft2).These definitions were adopted for inclusion in the Sporting Code, Section 3, Gliding, effective on October 1, 2004.

World records for the ultralight class have been recognized by the FAI but there are no World Championships for these types at present. For world records microlift gliders are classed with the other ultralight gliders and/or hang gliders.

The FAI has produced a loaded weight versus wing loading diagram defining the different domains for glider classes.

Characteristics
In addition to the traditional forms of lift used in the sport of gliding, microlift gliding also aims to exploit non-traditional sources of weak lift. In typical conditions, conventional sailplanes may be unable to exploit weak vertical movements of air. However a microlift glider that is specifically designed to have a very low rate of sink and a very small circling radius, may be able to exploit these feeble air movements for sustained flight and may even allow the glider to climb.

Microlift gliders 

Advanced Aeromarine Sierra
Aériane Swift
Bailey-Moyes Tempest
EEL ULF 1
Glidersport LightHawk
Maupin Carbon Dragon
Ruppert Archaeopteryx
Neutrino
1comet

References 

Hang gliding
Bond order potential. Bond order potential is a class of empirical (analytical) interatomic potentials which is used in molecular dynamics and molecular statics simulations. Examples include the Tersoff potential, the EDIP potential, the Brenner potential, the Finnis–Sinclair potentials,
 ReaxFF, 
and the second-moment tight-binding potentials.
They have the advantage over conventional molecular mechanics force fields in that they can, with the same parameters, describe several different bonding states of an atom, and thus to some extent may be able to describe chemical reactions correctly. The potentials were developed partly independently of each other, but share the common idea that the strength of a chemical bond depends on the bonding environment, including the number of bonds and possibly also angles and bond lengths. It is based on the Linus Pauling bond order concept 

and can be written in the form

This means that the potential is written as a simple pair potential depending on the distance between two atoms , but the strength of this bond is modified by the environment of the atom  via the bond order .  is a function that in Tersoff-type potentials depends inversely on the number of bonds to the atom , the bond angles  between sets of three atoms , and optionally on the relative bond lengths , . In case of only one atomic bond (like in a diatomic molecule),  which corresponds to the strongest and shortest possible bond. The other limiting case, for increasingly many number of bonds within some interaction range,  and the potential turns completely repulsive (as illustrated in the figure to the right).

Alternatively, the potential energy can be written in the embedded atom model form

where  is the electron density at the location of atom . These two forms for the energy can be shown to be equivalent (in the special case that the bond-order function  contains no angular dependence).

A more detailed summary of how the bond order concept can be motivated by the second-moment approximation of tight binding and both of these functional forms derived from it can be found in.

The original bond order potential concept has been developed further to include distinct bond orders for sigma bonds and pi bonds in the so-called BOP potentials.

Extending the analytical expression for the bond order of the sigma bonds to include fourth moments of the exact tight binding bond order reveals contributions from both sigma- and pi- bond integrals between neighboring atoms. These pi-bond contributions to the sigma bond order are responsible to stabilize the asymmetric before the symmetric (2x1) dimerized reconstruction of the Si(100) surface.

Also the ReaxFF potential can be considered a bond order potential, although the motivation of its bond order terms is different from that described here.

References 

Computational chemistry
Computational physics
Avia BH-19. 
The Avia BH-19 was a fighter aircraft built in Czechoslovakia in 1924. It was a low-wing braced monoplane derived from the Avia BH-3 and reflected its designers' ongoing belief that the monoplane configuration was the most suitable for a fighter aircraft. Initial trials revealed excellent performance, but also displayed control problems and aileron flutter. Nevertheless, the Czechoslovakian Army was sufficiently impressed to inform Avia that it would order the BH-19 if the problems could be rectified. The first prototype was destroyed in a crash during speed trials, and the second prototype revealed no better handling than its predecessor. At this point, the Czechoslovakian War Ministry stepped in and asked Avia to cease its attempts to develop a monoplane fighter.

Specifications

See also

References

 
 
 Němeček, V. (1968). Československá letadla. Praha: Naše Vojsko.

1920s Czechoslovak fighter aircraft
BH-19
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1924
Nuclepore filter. A nuclepore filter (brand name Nuclepore from Whatman, part of GE Healthcare) is a kind of filter in which holes a few micrometres in size have been created in a plastic (e.g. polycarbonate) membrane.  These filters are generally created by exposing the membrane to radiation that weakens the plastic and creates specific areas that can be removed by dousing the membrane in acid (or other chemicals).  The technique and patent were developed by Robert L. Fleischer, P. Buford Price, and Robert M. Walker as an outgrowth of their research on radiation effects in solids, with a special focus on materials exposed to energetic particles in space.  The technique allows for creating uniform holes of any desired diameter to allow even a virus to be filtered.

The most common use of Nuclepore filters is in microbiology where they are used to trap cells while removing all other fluids and smaller particles, e.g. for counting bacteria by fluorescence microscopy. Because the filters have a flat surface, the cells are trapped on top of the filter and remain visible, unlike other types of filters where the cells may be trapped inside the filter.

See also 

 Ion track.

Footnotes 

Filters
Membrane technology
R. Kent Dybvig. R. Kent Dybvig is a professor emeritus of computer science at Indiana University Bloomington, in Bloomington, Indiana. His research focuses on programming languages, and he is the principal developer of the optimizing Chez Scheme compiler and runtime system which were initially released in 1985. Together with Daniel P. Friedman, he has long advocated the use of the Scheme language in teaching computer science. He retired from Indiana University to join Cisco in 2011.

For his contributions to both the practical and theoretical aspects of computing and information technology, in particular his design and development of Chez Scheme, the Association for Computing Machinery named Dybvig a Distinguished Member in 2006, the first year the association awarded distinguished ranks.

Books

References

External links
 
 
 

Indiana University faculty
Programming language researchers
Living people
Distinguished Members of the ACM
Year of birth missing (living people)