omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
FMA IA 62. 

The FMA IA 62 was a military trainer aircraft under development in Argentina in the late 1970s.

Development
It was developed by the Fabrica Militar de Aviones (FMA) in response to an Argentine Air Force request for a replacement for its Beech B-45 "Mentor" trainers then in service. The new aircraft was to combine its main role as a primary trainer with secondary roles as a reconnaissance and light attack aircraft.

The resulting design was for a low-wing cantilever monoplane with retractable tricycle undercarriage. The pilot and instructor were to sit in tandem under a long bubble canopy, and the Turbomeca Astazou turboprop was selected as a powerplant.

A scale model was displayed at the 1978 Paris Air Show, but the project was cancelled shortly afterwards.

Specifications (as designed)

References

Notes

Bibliography 
 
 
 

Abandoned military aircraft projects of Argentina
FMA aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Single-engined turboprop aircraft
Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear
FMA I.Ae.20 El Boyero. The FMA 20 El Boyero ("Shepherd") was a light utility aircraft produced in Argentina in the 1940s. It was a conventional high-wing strut-braced monoplane with a fixed tailskid undercarriage, seating two side by side in an enclosed cabin.

Development
The Fábrica Argentina de Aviones (FMA) began design work on the El Boyero in 1939, to meet the needs of Argentine flying clubs for a training aircraft. Two prototypes were built, with the first, powered by a  Continental A50 flat four engine, flying on 2 November 1940, and the second early the following year. The El Boyero was a single-engine tractor high-wing monoplane, with a fixed tailwheel undercarriage. Its fuselage had a steel tube structure with fabric covering, while the aircraft's wing, which was braced to the fuselage with steel tube struts, had spars of spruce, with ribs of aluminium alloy. Pilot and instructor sat side-by-side in an enclosed cabin, and were provided with dual controls. 

As FMA was busy building military aircraft production rights were sold to the private firm  but they were unable to start production due to a shortage of materials and equipment as a result of the Second World War. After the end of the war, production rights were re-assigned to Petrolini Hermanos. This company received an order for 160 aircraft from the Argentine government, and commenced deliveries in January 1949.

Operational history
The aircraft, powered by  Continental A65-8 or  Continental A-75 engines, were distributed to Argentina's aeroclubs and to the military, which used it as a spotter and liaison aircraft. Petrolini experienced great difficulties sourcing sufficient materials to complete the order, and in 1951 ceased production, having completed 130 aircraft.

Operators

Argentine Air Force
Argentine Army
Argentine National Gendarmerie

Specifications

See also
 IMPA Tu-Sa
 Tucán T-1

References

 
 Bridgeman, Leonard. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1950-1951 edition New York: The Mcgraw.Hill Book Company, Inc, 1950 (No ISBN)

External links

1940s Argentine civil utility aircraft
FMA aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1940
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
FMA AeMB.2. The FMA AeMB.2 Bombi was a bomber aircraft developed in Argentina in the mid-1930s. It was a low-wing cantilever monoplane of conventional configuration. It was fitted with fixed tailwheel undercarriage, the main units of which were covered by long, "trouser"-style fairings. The initial AeMB.1 configuration was fitted with a dorsal machine gun turret, later removed from the AeMB.2 to improve stability. Fifteen production examples saw service with the Argentine Air Force between 1936 and 1945. Two were lost to air accidents.

Variants
 AeMB.1 - initial design with dorsal gun turret
 AeMB.2 - improved design, turret removed to improve stability

Specifications (AeMB.2)

See also

References

 
 
 

AeMB002
1930s Argentine bomber aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
World War II military equipment of Argentina
Light bombers
FMA AeT.1. The FMA AeT.1 was an airliner built in Argentina in the early 1930s.

Design and development
The AeT.1 was a low-wing cantilever monoplane of conventional design, with fixed tailwheel undercarriage. Only three examples were built, christened General San Martín, Deán Funes, and Jorge Newbery. These aircraft provided Argentina's first scheduled airline services with Aero-Argentina, flying between Córdoba and Buenos Aires. 

The Deán Funes was also used to make a long-distance flight to Ushuaia, bringing the first mail to that town after a flight of . Air France director Colin Jeannel flew as a passenger on that flight.

Specifications

See also

References

1930s Argentine airliners
FMA aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined piston aircraft
Trango Virtual Processors. Trango Virtual Processors was founded in 2004 by Pierre Coulombeau and Fabrice Devaux as a subsidiary of ELSYS Design group.  Trango's purpose was to develop a real-time mobile hypervisor.  It was acquired by VMware in October 2008.

Products
Trango developed a mobile hypervisor that supported ARM architectures (ARMv5 and ARMv6) and MIPS architectures, and could run Symbian OS, WinCE, and Linux mobile operating systems, and a supporting integrated development environment (IDE).

VMware rebranded Trango's product as the VMware Mobile Virtualization Platform, which was later renamed VMware Horizon Mobile.

Notes and references

External links
White Paper MIPS Technologies  at www.mips.com 
SoCs can hold key to system security at EE Times

Software companies of France
French companies established in 2004
Organizations based in Grenoble
Probabilistic roadmap. The probabilistic roadmap planner is a motion planning algorithm in robotics, which solves the problem of determining a path between a starting configuration of the robot and a goal configuration while avoiding collisions.

The basic idea behind PRM is to take random samples from the configuration space of the robot, testing them for whether they are in the free space, and use a local planner to attempt to connect these configurations to other nearby configurations. The starting and goal configurations are added in, and a graph search algorithm is applied to the resulting graph to determine a path between the starting and goal configurations.

The probabilistic roadmap planner consists of two phases: a construction and a query phase. In the construction phase, a roadmap (graph) is built, approximating the motions that can be made in the environment. First, a random configuration is created. Then, it is connected to some neighbors, typically either the k nearest neighbors or all neighbors less than some predetermined distance. Configurations and connections are added to the graph until the roadmap is dense enough. In the query phase, the start and goal configurations are connected to the graph, and the path is obtained by a Dijkstra's shortest path query.

Given certain relatively weak conditions on the shape of the free space, PRM is provably probabilistically complete, meaning that as the number of sampled points increases without bound, the probability that the algorithm will not find a path if one exists approaches zero.  The rate of convergence depends on certain visibility properties of the free space, where visibility is determined by the local planner.  Roughly, if each point can "see" a large fraction of the space, and also if a large fraction of each subset of the space can "see" a large fraction of its complement, then the planner will find a path quickly.

The invention of the PRM method is credited to Lydia E. Kavraki. There are many variants on the basic PRM method, some quite sophisticated, that vary the sampling strategy and connection strategy to achieve faster performance.  See e.g.  for a discussion.

References

Robot control
Automated planning and scheduling
Path planning
3D Bomb Alley. 3D Bomb Alley is a video game developed by  Simon Vout and published in 1984 by Software Invasion for the BBC Micro and Acorn Electron. It is based on the 1982 Battle of San Carlos in the Falklands War when San Carlos Water became known as "Bomb Alley".

Gameplay
A static background is displayed of a sea inlet, looking out to sea with hills on either side, on which the player's ships and enemy aircraft are superimposed.  The player controls an anti-aircraft cannon, located at his or her point of view, with a crosshair on the screen.

Aircraft approach in perspective, starting as dots in the distance and increasing in apparent size and speed until they pass overhead or are shot down.  Each aircraft allowed to reach the inlet drops a bomb into the water, destroying one of the ships.  The player starts with three vessels and gains another for every ten aircraft hit.  Their turn ends when the last remaining ship is bombed.  The number of aircraft approaching at once is proportional to the size of the fleet in the inlet.

Reception 
Electron User magazine said players must have quick reactions to be successful at the game. The plane exploding animations on the Election version are in magenta and green. This can lead to reviewers erroneously thinking the game was using graphics designed for 3D glasses.

References

1984 video games
BBC Micro and Acorn Electron games
BBC Micro and Acorn Electron-only games
Shooter games
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Multiplayer and single-player video games
M-497 Black Beetle. The M-497 (nicknamed Black Beetle by the press) was an experimental jet-powered railcar test bed of the New York Central Railroad, developed and tested in 1966 in the United States. Two second-hand General Electric J47-19 jet engines, originally used as boosters for the Convair B-36 Peacemaker intercontinental bomber, were mounted atop an existing Budd Rail Diesel Car, an RDC-3 of coach and baggage-mail configuration which had received a streamlined front cowling. The construct was then successfully sent on test runs over the existing tracks between Butler, Indiana, and Stryker, Ohio. The line had been chosen for its arrow-straight layout and good condition, but otherwise unmodified track. On July 23, 1966, the car reached a speed of , an American rail speed record that stood until 1974 when the LIMRV went significantly faster.

Even with this spectacular performance, and though it had been built relatively cheaply using existing parts, the project was not considered viable commercially. The railroad gathered valuable test data regarding the stresses of high-speed rail travel on conventional equipment and tracks then existing in America. The data was largely ignored, as NYC was headed for a merger with its arch-rival Pennsylvania Railroad that was already heavily involved in the Metroliner project, funded by the United States Department of Transportation. 

M-497 continued to serve for Penn Central after the jet engines were removed until retirement by Conrail in 1977. The engines were re-used as X29493, an experimental snow blower. Like most similar jet engine blowers, it was effective at clearing snow and ice but also tended to dislodge the ballast.

See also
 Turbojet train
 LIMRV

References

External links
Photo of the train

Gas turbine locomotives of the United States 
High-speed trains of the United States
Experimental locomotives
New York Central Railroad locomotives
Scrapped locomotives
Individual locomotives of the United States
William W. Hagerty. William Walsh Hagerty (June 10, 1916, in Holyoke, Minnesota – January 14, 1986, in Savannah, Georgia) was a teacher, former NASA Adviser, and president of Drexel University.

Early life
Born to William Walsh Hagerty and Alice Amanda (née Lindberg) Hagerty in 1916 Hagerty was raised in Minnesota. In 1939 Hagerty received a B.S. in mechanical engineering from the University of Minnesota. Hagerty went on to receive his M.S. in 1943 and his Ph.D. in 1947 from the University of Michigan. After receiving his first degree Hagerty worked as an engineer until 1940.

Teaching
From 1940 to 1963 Hagerty taught at Villanova University, the University of Cincinnati, the University of Michigan, the University of Delaware, and the University of Texas. While at the University of Delaware he served as dean at the University's School of Engineering from 1955 to 1958 and went on to serve as dean of the College of Engineering at the University of Texas from 1958 until 1963.

Drexel University
Hagerty was appointed as president of the Drexel Institute of Technology in 1963. While president Hagerty was responsible for expanding the campus, adding new colleges and programs to the curriculum, and doubling the facilities. He created the College of Science, the College of Humanities and Social Sciences and oversaw the construction of new buildings for the College of Business Administration, College of Science, Nesbitt College of Design, Nutrition, Human Behavior, and Home Economics (formerly the College of Home Economics).

He was also responsible for doubling enrollment to over 12,500 students, granting more degrees than all of the previous presidents combined, and increasing the budget from $8 million to $80 million. In 1970 Hagerty was responsible for guiding the school through its transition to University status. In October 1983 the new library was named W. W. Hagerty after him.

During his tenure at Drexel Hagerty was appointed to the board of directors of the Communications Satellite Corporation in 1965 by President Lyndon B. Johnson. From 1964 to 1970 Hagerty was an advisor to NASA and served as a board member to the National Science Foundation. He was a member of the Philadelphia chapter of the Pennsylvania Society of Professional Engineers, the Philadelphia Commission on Higher Education and was the Director of the Commission of Engineering Education. He was the recipient of the Bliss Medal, awarded by the Society of American Military Engineers in 1967 and named Engineer of the Year in 1970 by the Pennsylvania Society of Professional Engineers.

After his resignation on August 31, 1984, Hagerty moved to Skidaway Island, Georgia. He died of cancer two years later in Savannah on January 14, 1986.

References

1916 births
1986 deaths
University of Michigan College of Engineering alumni
University of Michigan faculty
University of Minnesota College of Science and Engineering alumni
People from Carlton County, Minnesota
20th-century American academics
Styrene maleic anhydride. Styrene maleic anhydride (SMA or SMAnh) is a synthetic polymer that is built-up of styrene and maleic anhydride monomers. In one copolymer, the monomers can be almost perfectly alternating. but (random) copolymerisation with less than 50% maleic anhydride content is also possible.  The polymer is formed by a radical polymerization, using an organic peroxide as the initiator.  The main characteristics of SMA copolymer are its transparent appearance, high heat resistance, high dimensional stability, and the specific reactivity of the anhydride groups. The latter feature results in the solubility of SMA in alkaline (water-based) solutions and dispersion.

SMA is available in a broad range of molecular weights and maleic anhydride (MA) contents. In a typical combination of those two properties, SMA is available as a crystal clear granule that can be used in a wide variety of applications. SMA polymers with a high molecular weight are widely used in engineering plastic applications, normally in the impact modified and optional glass fibre filled variants. Alternatively, SMA is applied using its transparency in combination with other transparent materials like PMMA or the heat resistance to heat-boost other polymers materials like ABS or PVC. The solubility of SMA in alkaline solutions makes it suitable for various applications in the field of sizings (paper), binders, dispersants and coatings. The specific reactivity of SMA makes it a suitable agent for compatibilizing normally incompatible polymers (e.g. ABS/PA blends) or cross-linking.

SMA producers 
There are only a few commercial suppliers of SMA polymers. The three major producers are Solenis (Scripset), Aurorium (Xiran), Sartomer (SMA). Nova Chemicals (Dylark) is no longer produced. While the Sartomer product range covers low molecular weight products with high MA contents (and sometimes chemically modified), the Nova materials are high molecular products with low MA content (and mainly impact modified). Aurorium's Xiran product range covers the full spectrum of SMA polymers, including chemically modified types. Each of those products have their own specific features.

References

References list for RISUG

Copolymers
FMA AeC.1. The FMA AeC.1 was a light utility aircraft built in Argentina in 1931; it was the first aircraft of domestic design to be produced by Fabrica Militar de Aviones (FMA). It was a low-wing cantilever monoplane of conventional configuration with fixed tailskid undercarriage. As originally designed, the fully enclosed cabin had three seats, but this was later reduced to two. The passenger seat could be readily removed to make way for a stretcher to facilitate its use as an air ambulance.

Specifications

References

External links

1930s Argentine civil utility aircraft
FMA aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined piston aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Aircraft first flown in 1931
Single-engined tractor aircraft
FMA AeC.2. The FMA AeC.2 was a light utility aircraft built in Argentina in the early 1930s, and also produced as a military trainer and observation aircraft under the designations AeME.1, AeMO.1, AeMOe.1 and AeMOe.2.

Development 
The design was derived from the AeC.1, but instead of an enclosed cabin, featured two open cockpits in tandem. Only two of the civil AeC.2s were built, but these were followed by seven AeME.1 trainers. Six of the AeME.1s, plus one of the AeC.2s, participated in a long-distance publicity tour of Brazil as part of the "Sol de Mayo" squadron.

In 1934, a version with a revised empennage, the AeMO.1, was developed as an observation machine; 41 examples of which were delivered from July onwards. Some of these were armed with a trainable .303 Vickers machine gun in the observer's cockpit, and some with twin synchronised machine guns in the forward fuselage.

Six AeMOe.1s followed, for crew training in the Observation role, which were generally similar in design but featuring a NACA cowling for the engine, and then the definitive AeMOe.2 version appeared in 1937 with a further refined empennage, 61 examples of which were built.

Also based on the AeMOe.1, the sole AeMS.1 was an air ambulance version with an enclosed cabin that could carry four stretchers and an attendant.

Variants
 AeC.2 (Civil) - civil version (2 built)
 AeME.1 (Militar de Entrenamiento) - military trainer (7 built)
 AeMO.1 (Militar de Observación) - military observation aircraft (41 built)
 AeMOe.1 (Militar de Observación y Entrenamiento) - military observation and trainer aircraft (6 built)
 AeMOe.2 - military observation and trainer aircraft (14 built)
 AeMS.1 - (Militar Sanitario) - military air ambulance (1 built)

Specifications (AeME.1)

See also

References

External links

1930s Argentine civil utility aircraft
1930s Argentine military aircraft
FMA aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Single-engined piston aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
William Hand (yacht designer). William H. Hand Jr. (1875–1946) was an American yacht designer.  Hand has been described as one of the most prolific yacht designers of the 20th century with an exceptionally good eye for handsome boats. Hand's career began around 1900 with the design of small sailboats, but he soon shifted to V-bottomed powerboats. These latter were his specialty until after World War I, when he directed his talent to seakindly schooners including the famous examples Bowdoin and S.S.S. Lotus. Later during the 1930s, motorsailers became his passion; examples still sailing include 56' STEADFAST (a ketch) built at Wheeler Shipyard in Brooklyn, NY.  Hand's office was in Fairhaven, Massachusetts.    Advertisements in The Rudder and Motorboat magazines, as well as MIT archives indicate he did business in New Bedford, 
Massachusetts prior to Fairhaven but moved offices due to the hurricanes of 1938.

The New England Hurricane of 1938 and accompanying tidal surge damaged or destroyed a good deal of Hand's design work and records.  Hand's surviving drawings are at the Hart Nautical Collections, MIT Museum in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Existing examples
 Nathaniel Bowditch, schooner
 Bowdoin, Arctic schooner
 June Adair schooner
 Lotus
 Guildive
 Zodiac, schooner
 Hindu schooner. Currently in Key West, Florida
 Elsita
 William Hand
 Noreaster, motorsailer
 Maramel, schooner

References
A two-part article on Hand, published in Woodenboat Nos. 28 and 29 (May/June and July/August 1979) covers the designer's career.  Additional material is in Waldo Howland's book Life in Boats: The Years Before the War, published by Mystic Seaport in 1984.  For a rundown on Hand's drawings, refer to Kurt Hasselbalch's Guide to Davis-Hand Collection by MIT in 1998.

Tasmanian One-Design
 See Tasmanian One Design class of Australia.

Notes

External links
 Hart Nautical Collections: Davis-Hand Collection
 Afloat: The designs of William Hand and R.O. Davis
 Tasmanian One-Design Yachts - inspired by a Wm Hand Knockabout
 Guildive, Castine, Me
 Sail Schooner Hindu, Key West, FL

1875 births
1946 deaths
American yacht designers
Engineers from Massachusetts
List of bridges in Slovenia. This list of bridges in Slovenia lists bridges of particular historical, scenic, architectural or engineering interest. Road and railway bridges, viaducts, aqueducts and footbridges are included.

Historical and architectural interest bridges

Major road and railway bridges 
This table presents the structures with spans greater than 100 meters (non-exhaustive list).

Alphabetical list 
 Butchers' Bridge () – over the Ljubljanica, in Ljubljana
 Cobblers' Bridge ()  – over the Ljubljanica, in Ljubljana
 Cock Bridge (Ljubljana) ()  – over the Gradaščica, in Ljubljana
 Črni Kal Viaduct () – on the A1 motorway above the Osp Valley
 Črnuče Bridge ()  – over the Sava, in Ljubljana
 Grain Bridge ()   – over the Ljubljanica, in Ljubljana
 Dragon Bridge (Ljubljana) ()   – over the Ljubljanica, in Ljubljana
 Fužine Bridge ()   – over the Ljubljanica, in Ljubljana
 Hradecky Bridge ()   – over the Ljubljanica, in Ljubljana
 Jek Bridge ()   – over the Ljubljanica, in Ljubljana
 Kandija Bridge ()   – over the Krka, in Novo Mesto
 Kavšek Bridge ()   – over the Ljubljanica, in Ljubljana
 Ljubljanica Sluice Gate ()   – over the Ljubljanica, in Ljubljana
 Old Bridge ()  – over the Drava, in Maribor
 Prule Bridge ()   – over the Ljubljanica, in Ljubljana
 Puh Bridge ()   – over the Drava, at Ptuj
 Saint James's Bridge ()   – over the Ljubljanica, in Ljubljana
 Šempeter Bridge ()   – over the Ljubljanica, in Ljubljana
 Solkan Bridge  () – over the Soča, at Solkan
 Triple Bridge ()   – over the Ljubljanica, in Ljubljana
 Trnovo Bridge ()   – over the Ljubljanica, in Ljubljana

Notes and references 
 

 Others references

See also 

 :sl:Seznam mostov v Ljubljani  - List of bridges in Ljubljana
 :sl:Seznam mostov čez Dravo v Sloveniji  - List of bridges across the Drava in Slovenia
 Transport in Slovenia
 Roads in Slovenia
 Rail transport in Slovenia
 Geography of Slovenia

External links

Further reading 
 
 

Slovenia
 
Bridges
Bridges