omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Building enclosure commissioning. Building Enclosure Commissioning (BECx) (sometimes 'envelope' is used instead of 'enclosure') is a quality-focused process wherein the energy performance of a facility, system or assembly is evaluated and verified against defined objectives and criteria.

The process itself is carried out by a commissioning team which uses reliable and accurate measures to verify that the project is meeting specific quality requirements outlined by the owner of the project. The commissioning process begins at project inception and runs through different construction phases, which include a pre-design phase, pre-construction phase and construction phase. Once the construction is finished, the commissioning process continues and becomes an ongoing routine in the life of the facility. Specific information regarding the commissioning process is outlined in the ASHRAE Guideline 0-2005: The Commissioning Process. This and several other technical support guidelines to the Guideline 0-2005 document provide specific information related to the commissioning process.

See also

References
WBDG.org. "GUIDELINE 3-2006 EXTERIOR ENCLOSURE TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE COMMISSIONING PROCESS". 2006. p. 1
 ASTM E2813, Standard Practice for Building Enclosure Commissioning;
 ASTM E2947, Standard Guide for Building Enclosure Commissioning (Not yet published.  This standard is scheduled to replace NIBS Guideline 3-2006 and 2012 upon publication);
 ASHRAE Standard 202, Commissioning Process for Buildings and Systems

External links
 How The Commissioning Process Is Applied To Building Envelopes
 What is BECx?
 Kenter, Peter "Commissioning boosts building envelope performance"

Energy policy of the United States
Erhan Çınlar. Erhan Çınlar (born May 28, 1941, Divriği, Sivas-Turkey) is a probabilist and Professor Emeritus at Princeton University. He was the Norman J. Sollenberger Professor of the department of Operations Research and Financial Engineering (ORFE) at Princeton University.

Academic life 
He received a B.S. in Mathematics and a M.S. and Ph.D. in Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, all from the University of Michigan in 1963, 1964 and 1965, respectively. His dissertation, Analysis of Systems of Queues in Parallel, was supervised by Ralph L. Disney.

In 1965, he joined the department of Industrial Engineering and Management Sciences as an assistant professor at Northwestern University. During 1971–1972, he was a visiting professor in the department of Management Science and Engineering at Stanford University, and became full professor of Operations Research in 1972 at Northwestern. He then joined the department of Civil Engineering and Operations Research as a professor at Princeton University in 1985.

Research areas 
Çinlar is the co-founder (along with Kai-lai Chung and Ronald Getoor) of the seminar on stochastic processes, which is an annual conference on probability topics such as Markov processes, Brownian motion, superprocesses, stochastic analysis, and mathematical finance.

Awards 
 INFORMS Expository Writing Award
 2003 class of Fellows of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences.

References

Living people
1941 births
Probability theorists
Queueing theorists
University of Michigan College of Engineering alumni
Northwestern University faculty
Princeton University faculty
20th-century Turkish mathematicians
Turkish operations researchers
20th-century American mathematicians
American operations researchers
American academics of Turkish descent
Turkish emigrants to the United States
Fellows of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences
21st-century American mathematicians
US Aviation Super Floater. The US Aviation Super Floater (also called the SuperFloater and Superfloater) is an American high-wing, strut-braced, single-seat glider that was designed by Klaus Hill and Larry Hall and produced by US Aviation initially, and later by Wind Walker Aircraft Co. It first flew in 1970.

Design and development
The Super Floater is an ultralight sailplane that is designed for fun flying, rather than competition, and as such it has a glide ratio of just 15:1. It is very similar to the primary gliders of the 1930s in concept, performance and appearance. Designed to fit into the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles regulations, most are not registered with the Federal Aviation Administration. Most were factory built and delivered completed and ready to fly, although some may have been completed as homebuilt aircraft.

The aircraft is made from aluminium tube, covered with Dacron. Its  span wing is braced by twin "V" struts and jury struts. The cruciform tail is strut-braced. The controls consist of a side stick and rudder pedals. The landing gear is a monowheel gear, mounted directly behind the pilot. A ballistic parachute was factory-optional equipment.

The aircraft was initially produced by US Aviation in the early 1970s, but production ended in the 1980s. It was briefly re-introduced by Wind Walker Aircraft Co in 1995, following a redesign, with US Aviation as distributor for US$5,995 fully assembled.

Operational history
In about 1994 Dave Chapman flew a Super Floater to an altitude of  in mountain wave lift north of Salt Lake City, Utah.

Specifications (Super Floater)

See also

References

External links
 Photo of Super Floater on tow
 Photo of a Super Floater in flight

1970s United States sailplanes
Homebuilt aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1970
High-wing aircraft
NRE 2GS36C-DE. The NRE 2GS36C-DE is a low-emissions six-axle diesel-electric road switcher locomotive built by National Railway Equipment Company. It is part of NRE's N-ViroMotive line. It is powered by two Cummins QSK50L V16 engines rated at  each, for a total power output of . It has a starting tractive force of , an adhesion rate of 30%, and a minimum continuous speed of . It offers Tier III emissions compliance.
 
The first demonstration unit was released in August 2011 from NRE's Mount Vernon shops in Southern Illinois. It was built on a refurbished EMD SD40-2 frame.

Original Buyers

References

External links

 National Railway Equipment – Official NRE Website
 National Railway Equipment  – Official N-ViroMotive Product Page
 Train Web.Org - Genset Locomotive Rosters – Information and resource site for low-emission switcher locomotives built by National Railway Equipment.

C-C locomotives
NRE locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 2011
Diesel–electric locomotives of the United States
EPA Tier 3-compliant locomotives of the United States
Rebuilt locomotives
Standard gauge locomotives of the United States
Unique locomotives
Shunting locomotives
Messerschmitt P.1092. The Messerschmitt P.1092 was a series of Messerschmitt experimental aircraft for the Luftwaffe during the Second World War. Several designs for single- and twin-engined aircraft were drafted under the same designation. 

The different aircraft were all-metal monoplanes with retractable tricycle landing gear, swept wings, and a jet engine. A number of variants were drawn. The P.1092 remained a project, with no aircraft built.

Variants
 Messerschmitt P.1092A
 Messerschmitt P.1092B-1
 Messerschmitt P.1092B-2
 Messerschmitt P.1092A-B
 Messerschmitt P.1092/2
 Messerschmitt P.1092/3
 Messerschmitt P.1092/4
 Messerschmitt P.1092/5

Specifications (Messerschmitt P.1092 A)

Notes

References

Nowarra, Heinz J.. Die Deutsche Luftruestung 1933-1945 - Vol.3 - Flugzeugtypen Henschel-Messerschmitt. Bernard & Graefe Verlag. 1993. Koblenz.  (Gesamtwek),  (Band 3)

P.1092
Heron Cars. Heron Cars were racing cars, sports and kit cars built in New Zealand between 1962 and 1999 by Ross Baker. They also included a one-off electric car.

Models

MJ 1
The MJ 1 was a two-seater mid-engined coupe designed in 1980 and with prototypes displayed at the 1981 Auckland motor show. Thirty-three orders were confirmed, and the first production version was built in 1984 with engine options ranging from a Fiat 125 4-cylinder engine to V8. Summit Engineering became involved in the Company to provide the necessary finance in return for a two-thirds share. The original concept was a very simple car using reconditioned parts supplied by the customer, with Heron assembling them into a complete roadworthy car. Summit wanted the cars built completely by Summit using mainly new parts. Problems then began to occur with production, causing rising costs, and the MJ1's final demise was caused in 1985 by imported Japanese motor vehicles such as the Mazda RX7 costing less. Finally in a fairly acrimonious mood, Baker brought back the two-thirds share from Summit.

There are known to be 6 prototypes and 19 production models of the MJ1.

MJ 2+2

The MJ 2+2 was designed in 1985, but none made until 1998 when Roy Hoare approached Baker about building one. There were no moulds, so Hoare agreed to pay to have the moulds made if he could have a body shell. Baker made the moulds and a body. Baker also made an extra body, which was fitted with a Rover V8, motor and five-speed Subaru gearbox. Only two were made.

XR1 racing car
Designed in 1985 and completed in 1990, it was basically a roofless MJ1 with a 3.5-litre Rover V8 engine.  It had a very light aluminium monocoque chassis, Triumph Vitesse front suspension, a five-speed Heron/Škoda gearbox, and unequal length wishbones on the rear.

Mark 1 racing car
A replica of the Lotus 23B sports car. Designed in 1962 and built in 1963 with Bob Gee, an experienced boat racer, assisting Baker. It used a Ford Cortina 1500cc engine with twin 45 mm Weber carbs and a Volkswagen 4-speed transaxle. The overall weight of the car was 450 kg. Only one was built.

Mark 2/3 racing car
Ken Richardson, Bob Gee, and Baker built the Mark 2/3 in 1965 and also based on the Lotus 23B but originally intended to use a Chevrolet Turbo-Air 6 engine and gearbox from a Chevrolet Corvair. The Corvair engine was unavailable so a Daimler Dart 2558cc V8 connected to a Citroën DS 19 gearbox was installed instead. Three were made, one each for Richardson, Gee, and Baker - this also explains the 3 in the name.

GT Mark 4 racing car
Building commenced in 1967 and finally finished in 1988. It was a replica of the Ford GT Mk4. Powered by a Chevrolet Corvette 327 cu in V8 and running a gearbox designed by Heron.

PC 80
This car was built for Powerco/ECNZ, the electric supply company in 1995.

Other
Heron also specialised in modifying vehicles for use by the disabled, made small electric trucks, and spray units for orchards.

References

External links 
 Heron Cars Limited website

Kit cars
Cars of New Zealand
Exint pod. The exint pod was a design for a man-carrying, under-wing pod capable of being fitted to the underwing weapons pylons on military fast-jets and military helicopters. The concept was conceived by the former Acton, London based aircraft consultancy AVPRO U.K. Ltd as a method of inserting and extracting special forces operatives. According to Flight International magazine, in the late 1990s the UK Defence Evaluation and Research Agency test fitted a prototype pod to a BAe Sea Harrier at its Boscombe Down research facility. The pod was also certified for use on Israeli AH-64 Apaches. The Harrier has now been retired from RAF and Royal Navy Service. McDonnell Douglas also produced models of a GRIER (Ground Rescue Insertion Extraction Resupply) pod for the AV-8B.

Problems have been cited with using weapons pylon mounted pods to ferry personnel on fast jets in particular. Excessive engine noise (in the case of the Harrier, due to proximity to the rotating jet nozzles of the Rolls-Royce Pegasus engine), high g-forces during roll due to the distance of the pod from the aircraft's axis of roll, as well as the discomfort of travelling at fast-jet speeds have all been listed as limitations.

The concept of ferrying passengers in or on modified fixed and rotary wing combat aircraft has many historical precedents. During the Second World War, "body-bags" (fabric bags mounted on the upper inboard surfaces of Spitfire wings) were used to carry people. The Luftwaffe also experimented with people-carrying wing-mounted enclosures on the Stuka dive bomber and Bf 109 fighter. Modified versions of the P-38 Lightning were capable of carrying people in underwing, perspex fronted pods. Versions of the De Havilland Mosquito operated by BOAC were used to ferry passengers in modified capsules in the space that would have been the bomb bay; the most notable being Danish nuclear physicist Niels Bohr. 

Among more contemporary aircraft, it has been suggested that the Sukhoi Su-25 Frogfoot is capable of carrying underwing pods to self-deploy, which can also carry a crew member if necessary.

What appear to be US Marines have been photographed strapped to weapons bay doors on Marine Bell AH-1 Cobra attack helicopters in Afghanistan. This extraction and insertion technique is understood to be one of several practised by Marine Cobra pilots.

External Passenger Pods (EPS), comprising open framework, have been fitted to US Army MD Helicopters MH-6 Little Bird helicopters, allowing up to six soldiers to be transported externally.

See also
Index of aviation articles

References

Aircraft components
Rust converter. Rust converters are chemical solutions or primers that can be applied directly to an iron or iron alloy surface to convert iron oxides (rust) into a protective chemical barrier. These compounds interact with iron oxides, especially iron(III) oxide, converting them into an adherent black layer (black oxide) that is more resistant to moisture and protects the surface from further corrosion. They are sometimes referred to as "rust remover" or "rust killer".

Typical ingredients
Commercial rust converters are water-based and contain two primary active ingredients: tannic acid and an organic polymer. Tannic acid chemically converts the reddish iron oxides into bluish-black ferric tannate, a more stable material. The second active ingredient is an organic solvent such as 2-butoxyethanol (ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, trade name butyl cellosolve) that acts as a wetting agent and provides a protective primer layer in conjunction with an organic polymer emulsion.

Some rust converters may contain additional acids to speed up the chemical reaction by lowering the pH of the solution. A common example is phosphoric acid, which additionally converts some iron oxide into an inert layer of ferric phosphate. Most of the rust converters contain special additives. They support the rust transformation and improve the wetting of the surface.

Uses
Rust converter is usually applied to objects that are difficult to sand blast, such as vehicles, trailers, fences, iron railings, sheet metal, and the outside of storage tanks. It may also be used to restore and preserve iron-based items of historical importance.

See also
Bluing (steel)
Phosphate conversion coating
Parkerizing

References

External links
"The Conservation of Two Cast Iron Bells at the Lac Qui Parle Mission Historic Site" (PDF, 131 kB)

Coatings
Corrosion prevention
Metal plating
Metalworking
PEB Steel. PEB Steel Buildings is a Vietnamese-based steel manufacturing and construction company that specializes in the design, making and building of pre-engineered steel buildings.

The company's customers include Nike, an Adidas shoes manufacturer, Canon, Unilever, Samsung, Doosan, Aeon, Anheuser-Busch Inbev Brewery, Heineken, LG Electronics, Sapporo and Obayashi.

PEB steel structure buildings are widely used in industrial, commercial, agricultural and residential fields.

The company's product range includes industrial plants, warehousing facilities, commercial buildings, stadiums, agricultural sheds, office buildings and residential buildings, among others. The design of PEB steel structure buildings is flexible and can be customized according to customer needs to meet the requirements of different places and uses.

Projects 

PEB Steel Buildings has completed 6,000 buildings with varying functional purposes, including factories, warehouses and distribution centers, steel and paper mills, petrochemical plants, power stations, shipyards, spectator venues, sports centers, and multi-storey buildings.

The firm services a regional demand for the construction of steel buildings in Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, Malaysia, Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Myanmar, the Philippines, and Pakistan. PEB Steel has also recently sold and constructed large projects to Qatar and Saudi Arabia.

Other products 

PEB Steel Buildings has developed, marketed, and installed other building-related products.

Pebsteel's Factories 

PEB Steel Buildings has seven factories in Asia. Six are located in Ba Ria-Vung Tau, Vietnam. PEB Steel has a joint venture with PEB Steel Lloyd factory in Pithampur, India with an area of 90,000 sqm.

PEB Steel Buildings fabricates steel structures at its own plant in Ba Ria-Vung Tau Province, Vietnam.

PEB Steel Buildings' fifth factory opened in 2009 and is located in Dong Xuyen Industrial Park, Ba Ria-Vung Tau Province. The plant increased production capacity in Vietnam by 18,000 MT, with total Asian capacity recorded at 120,000 MT annually.

References 

Steel companies of Vietnam
Construction and civil engineering companies of Vietnam
Manufacturing companies based in Ho Chi Minh City
Manufacturing companies established in 1994
Vietnamese brands
Vietnamese companies established in 1994
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1994
Sequoia 300 Sequoia. The Sequio 300 Sequoia is an American two-seat utility or aerobatic aircraft, designed by David Thurston for Sequoia Aircraft Corporation for sale as a kit or set of plans for homebuilding.

Design and development
The Sequioa, derived from the smaller Frati designed F.8 Falco, is a low-wing cantilever monoplane with a retractable tricycle landing gear and
powered by a  Textron Lycoming TIO-540-S1AD turbocharged piston engine, although it was designed to take any Lycoming engine between 235-300 hp (175-224 kW). It has an enclosed cockpit for two with side-by-side seating.

The design was originally proposed in the 1970s but the first prototype did not fly until 26 April 1992 and by 1993 the program was being offered for sale.

Variants
Model 300 Sequoia
Side-by-side seating version.
Model 301 Sequoia
Proposed variant with tandem seating.
Model 302 Kodiak
A proposed four-seat variant with gull-wing doors.

Specifications (Utility)

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links
A cutaway drawing of the Sequoia 300

1990s United States civil utility aircraft
Sequoia
Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
US Aviation. US Aviation (Full name: Ultralight Soaring Aviation LLC) was an American aircraft manufacturer, started by Klaus Hill and Larry Hall in the 1970s initially to build their Super Floater ultralight glider design. The company later marketed the Cumulus ultralight motor glider and the CAVU ultralight.

After becoming dormant in the 1980s the company was resurrected in 1995 to market a redesigned Super Floater that was produced by the Wind Walker Aircraft Co of Salt Lake City, Utah and the Cumulus motorglider, which first flew the same year and was manufactured by AeroDreams.

Reported as still in business in December 2007, the company no longer existed in 2011.

Aircraft

References

External links
ultralightsoaringaviation.com - former location of company website
Website archives on Internet Archive

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the United States
Hewland AE75. The Hewland AE75 is a lightweight  aircraft engine that was manufactured in the mid-1980s by Hewland in Maidenhead, United Kingdom.  The engine, a two-stroke inverted inline triple of  displacement, is liquid-cooled and yields

Design and development

Th AE75 was developed from Hewland's own  twin-cylinder microlight engine. The engine was designed specifically for the ARV Super2, a lightweight two-seater shoulder wing aircraft. The AE75's design is compact and light at  and yields a power-to-weight ratio of 1.14 kW/kg. Lubrication is via 40:1 pre-mix two-stroke oil.

Each of the engine's three cylinders has its own carburetor, with an alternate air device to provide carburetor heat. Each cylinder has twin spark plugs, the sparks being provided by a dual ignition system using engine-triggered amplifiers and coils, rather than the more common aviation magneto. The ignition circuit redundancy is such that if one circuit should fail, all three cylinders will still run. Even if two circuits fail, the engine will still fire on two out of three cylinders.

The engine has a 2.7:1 Propeller Speed Reduction Unit (PSRU) with helical gears in an oil bath.  Final drive to the wooden  diameter 2-blade Hoffman propeller was via a rubber “doughnut” coupling. The  PSRU design sited the axis of the propeller below that of the crankshaft. This feature allowed a more pointed nose on the ARV, at the cost of slightly reduced propeller clearance.

The Hewland AE75 was never fitted to any aircraft apart from the ARV Super2, and when ARV production ceased, Hewland stopped AE75 production also.  The rights to the AE75 were bought by MidWest, who were developing their AE100 twin-rotor Wankel aero-engine.  MidWest had intended to restart production of the AE75 near Stroud, Gloucestershire, but this never materialised. MidWest based the AE100's gearbox on the AE75's PSRU, amending it so that the propeller axis was above the eccentric shaft's axis.  This increased propeller clearance, but also raised the ARV's thrust line.

MidWest was bought by Diamond Aircraft Industries of Wiener Neustadt, Austria, but MidWest's rights to the Hewland AE75 engine were sold to a Manchester, UK private buyer. The new owner has made some modifications to the AE75, including increasing output from . Also being addressed is one of the AE75's identified deficiencies, the water-pump belt drive which, should the belt break when airborne, can lead to overheating and piston seizure. Resumed production of this modified Hewland engine is uncertain.

The Hewland AE75 should not be confused with the  Austro Engine AE75R, a Wankel aero-engine developed from the MidWest AE50, a single-rotor version of the AE100.

Applications
 ARV Super2

Specifications

See also

References

1980s aircraft piston engines