omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Header. Header may refer to:

Computers and engineering
 Header (computing), supplemental data at the beginning of a data block
 E-mail header
 HTTP header
 Header file, a text file used in computer programming (especially in C and C++)
 A pin header is a mainly male style of electrical connector on printed circuit boards, including motherboards, providing links to external devices
 Exhaust manifold, in automotive design

Construction
 Lintels (headers), structural members in light-frame construction which run perpendicular to floor and ceiling joists, "heading" them off to create an opening
 Lintel (architecture), a structural member in post-and-lintel building construction
 Header (brickwork), a brick laid with its short side exposed
 In piping, a manifold or length of pipe that connects multiple smaller pipes

Sports
 Header (sailing): a term used in sailboat racing to denote a wind shift
 Header, a herding dog with a specific method of interacting with its flock
 Header, a headlong fall, particularly from a penny-farthing bicycle
 Header (association football), use of the player's head to direct the ball in association football (soccer)
 Header, a competitor in the team roping rodeo event who specializes in roping a steer's head

Other
Header (film), a 2006 film
Header (band), an Australian power pop band
Page header, in printing or typography the material separated from the main body that appears at the top of a page
Combine header or head, part of a combine harvester
Stripper (agriculture), type of grain harvester

See also
 Head (disambiguation)
 Headed (disambiguation)
 Heading (disambiguation)
 Footer (disambiguation)
Spl (Unix). spl (short for set priority level, after the PDP-11 assembler instruction of the same name) is the name for a collection of Unix kernel routines or macros used to change the interrupt priority level. This was historically needed to synchronize critical sections of kernel code that should not be interrupted. Newer Unix variants which support symmetric multiprocessing now mostly use mutexes for this purpose, which is a more general solution, so multiple processors can execute kernel code at the same time.

On older PDP-11 versions of Unix, there were eight of these routines, ranging from spl0 to spl7, each corresponding to one PDP-11 interrupt priority level, in addition to splx, which restores a previous priority level (returned by one of the other routines). On BSD Unix and its derivatives, these are called splhigh, splserial, splsched, splclock, splstatclock, splvm, spltty, splsofttty, splnet, splbio, splsoftnet, splsoftclock, spllowersoftclock, spl0, and splx.

, the spl family of primitives is still heavily used in OpenBSD and NetBSD, which is evidenced by the plentiful calls to splnet() within the networking code; whereas FreeBSD and DragonFly BSD use more modern concepts; for example, in DragonFly, LWKT tokens may be used in place of spl.

See also
 IRQL
 Interrupt
 Interrupt priority level
 Programmable Interrupt Controller

References

Interrupts
Unix
SNDMSG. SNDMSG was an early electronic mail program, chiefly notable because it was used to send what is considered the first networked email.

SNDMSG was originally the electronic mail program for a single multi-user time-sharing computer running the TENEX operating system. It allowed all users of the machine to send a simple form of email to each other. The program was extended by Ray Tomlinson in 1971 to allow sending to users on other computers accessible over the ARPANET, using the then introduced FTP Mail command and addressing them by appending the other system's host name after an "@" sign.
  
SNDMSG along with READMAIL were the key components of networked mail on TENEX.

See also
 Delivermail
 History of email
 Sendmail

References

Message transfer agents
Ohms. ohms (symbol Ω) usually refers to the plural for the unit of electrical resistance, named after Georg Ohm

Ohms or OHMS may also refer to:

 Ohm's law of electric currents, first proposed by Georg Ohm
 O.H.M.S., On His/Her Majesty's Service
 O.H.M.S. (film), a 1937 British action comedy film
 OHMS (1980 film), an American film starring Leslie Nielsen
 Ohms (album), a 2020 album by Deftones
 "Ohms" (song), a song from the album
 Office of Hazardous Materials Safety, federal safety authority within the United States Department of Transportation
 Oral History Metadata Synchronizer, a web application for accessing oral history interviews

See also
 Ohm (disambiguation)
M687 155 mm projectile. The M687 was an American 155 mm binary sarin chemical artillery shell. The design was standardized in 1976 and production began on December 16, 1987 at Pine Bluff Arsenal, Pine Bluff, Arkansas. Production was halted three years later, following the 1990 Chemical Weapons Accord between the United States and the USSR, and the dismantling of existing stocks began in November 1997 at Hawthorne Army Depot, Nevada. America's remaining stocks were stored at the Deseret Chemical Depot, Utah, and the Umatilla Chemical Depot (Umatilla County, Oregon).

The shell contained two canisters separated by a rupture disk. The compartments were filled with two liquid precursor chemicals for sarin (GB2): methylphosphonyl difluoride (denominated DF) and a mixture of isopropyl alcohol and isopropyl amine (denominated OPA) is in a second canister. The isopropyl amine binds the hydrogen fluoride generated during the chemical reaction. When the shell was fired the force of the acceleration would cause the disk between them to breach and the spinning of the projectile facilitated mixing. The two precursor chemicals would react in flight to produce sarin and when the shell reached its target the sarin would be released.

The shells were meant to be stored and transported with only the OPA compartment loaded; the fuze and the DF compartment would be inserted shortly before firing.

The M687 was never used in combat and, under the Chemical Weapons Convention, the U.S. destroyed the shells and the precursor chemical DF as part of its agreement to eliminate all chemical weapons. More than 258,000 of the shells were shipped to Hawthorne Army Depot from their storage at Deseret Chemical Depot, Utah, and the Umatilla Chemical Depot, Oregon and were destroyed by July 1999. The last of the U.S.'s stockpile of DF was destroyed on April 6, 2006.

See also
Chemical Weapons Convention
M104 155 mm projectile
M110 155 mm projectile
M121 155 mm projectile
M2 4.2-inch mortar
M55 (rocket)
United States and weapons of mass destruction

External links
 The M687 @ The Federation of American Scientists
 The U.S. Army Chemical Materials Agency (CMA) - Binary Chemical Weapons  

155 mm artillery shells
Chemical weapon delivery systems
Chemical weapons of the United States
Joshua Pusey. Joshua Pusey (March 27, 1842 - May 8, 1906 (?)), was an American inventor and an  attorney.

In 1827, an English pharmacist named John Walker produced his "sulphuretted peroxide strikables," gigantic, yard-long sticks that can be considered the real precursor of today's match. Small phosphorus matches were first marketed in Germany in 1832, but they were extremely hazardous. In 1836 in the United States, Alonzo D. Phillips of Springfield, Massachusetts, obtained a patent for "manufacturing of friction matches" and called them locofocos crazies. The danger problem was not resolved until the invention of amorphous (red) phosphorus in 1845. Carl Lundstrom of Sweden introduced the first red phosphorus "safety" matches in 1855. These type of matches were large and had to be carried in a wooden box, and Pusey didn't like the bulkiness of this. He decided to make matches in a paper book that was easier to carry. In 1889 he finished and had created strike-able book matches.

Pusey was a Pennsylvanian attorney who was fond of smoking cigars.  Fed up with carrying bulky boxes of wooden matches, he set to work to invent paper matches that would be lighter and smaller.  His final design had matches secured to a thin paper wrapping with an attached striking surface.  Unlike present-day matchbooks, Pusey positioned the striking surface on the inside of the paper fold. This allowed all 50 matches to be lit at once.
The Diamond Match Company later put the striking surface on the outside.

He received a patent for his invention of the paper matchbook (which he called "flexibles") in 1889, but the idea did not catch on right away. Eight years later, in 1897, the Mendelssohn Opera Company distributed matchbooks with their logo emblazoned on them to advertise their New York City opening.  After this promotion, demand for paper matchbooks soared.

Pusey later sold the invention to the Diamond Match Company for $4000 in 1896.

External links
Joshua Pusey ExplorePAHistory.com

1842 births
1906 deaths
19th-century American inventors
MVC. MVC may refer to:

Science and technology
 Maximum-value composite procedure, an imaging procedure
 Multivariable calculus, a concept in mathematics
 Multivariable control, a concept in process engineering
 Mechanical vapor compression, a desalination technology by distillation

Computing
 MIVA Script (file extension .mvc)
 Model–view–controller, an architectural pattern used in software design
ASP.NET MVC, an implementation by Microsoft
 Multiview Video Coding, an extension to 3D film television standards

Organizations
 Macleay Vocational College, a high school in New South Wales, Australia
 Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation, a pharmacological company in Taiwan
 Merrimack Valley Conference, a high school athletic conference in Massachusetts, US
 Miami Valley Conference, a high school athletic conference in Ohio, US
 Mississippi Valley Conference (Illinois), a high school athletic conference in Illinois, US
 Mississippi Valley Conference (Iowa), a high school athletic conference in Iowa, US
 Mississippi Valley Conference (Wisconsin), a high school athletic conference in Wisconsin, US
 Missouri Valley Conference, an NCAA Division I collegiate athletic conference in the US
 Motor Vehicle Commission, an alternate name for the Department of Motor Vehicles
 Mountain Valley Conference (New Jersey), a high school athletic conference in New Jersey, US
 Christian Life Movement (Spanish: Movimiento de Vida Cristiana)
 Music and Video Club, a defunct chain of music and video shops in the UK
  (English: Citizens' Victory Movement), a Puerto Rican political party

Education
 Moreno Valley College, in California, US
 Mountain View College (Philippines), Valencia City
 Mountain View College (Texas), Dallas, US
 Melbourn Village College, England

Sport
 Minnesota Vikings Cheerleaders, cheerleaders for the National Football League team Minnesota Vikings
 The Miracle Violence Connection, a former professional wrestling tag team

Transportation
 Monroe County Airport (Alabama) (IATA airport code)
 Motor vehicle collision, a vehicle accident
 Mountain View Corridor, a planned highway in Utah, US

Other uses
 Male voice choir
 Marvel vs. Capcom, a video game series
 Maha Vir Chakra, a military decoration in India
 Maharishi Vedic City, Iowa
 Mutual violent control, a type of domestic violence
Homentropic flow. In fluid mechanics, a homentropic flow has uniform and constant entropy. It distinguishes itself from an isentropic or particle isentropic flow, where the entropy level of each fluid particle does not change with time, but may vary from particle to particle.  This means that a homentropic flow is necessarily isentropic, but an isentropic flow need not be homentropic.

A homentropic and perfect gas is an example of a barotropic fluid where the pressure and density are related bywhere  is a constant. 

Thermodynamic entropy
Fluid dynamics
ODS. ODS may refer to:

Computing, Internet and information technology 
Files-11 (On-Disk Structure), a DEC filesystem
Office of Digital Strategy, Executive Branch of the White House
OpenDocument Spreadsheet file format
Online dating service
Operational data store, an intermediate data warehouse for databases
OpenDNSSEC, a security extension of DNS Protocol
Optical data storage a technology for storing information

Science and technology
Octadecylsilyl, also known as C18, a surface coating used in reversed-phase chromatography
Oxide dispersion strengthened alloys
Ozone-depleting substance, chemicals which contribute to ozone depletion
Osmotic demyelination syndrome, a neurological condition involving severe damage to the myelin sheath of nerve cells

Military operations
Operation Defensive Shield
Operation Desert Storm

Other 
 Civic Democratic Party (Czech Republic) (Czech: Občanská demokratická strana)
 Civic Democratic Party (Slovakia) (Slovak: Občianska demokratická strana)
 Odesa International Airport, an airport in Odesa, Ukraine (IATA code ODS)
 L'Officiel du jeu Scrabble, the reference dictionary for Scrabble in French-speaking countries
 One Day School, a gifted education program in New Zealand.
 Operating Deflection Shape, a method used for visualisation of the vibration pattern of a machine
 Ordbog over det danske Sprog, a dictionary of Danish
 Overdoses (especially drug overdoses)
 In Liverpool in England, Old Dock Sill
 Orbital Dysfunctional Syndrome from the film Pandorum
 Occupy Dame Street, a protest in Dublin, Ireland in 2011–12

See also

 Odds

OD (disambiguation)
odes (disambiguation)
LCE. LCE may refer to
 Landing craft, emergency repairs, a World War II landing craft
 Golosón International Airport, La Ceiba, Honduras (IATA Airport code LCE)
 Leaving Certificate Examination, for school leavers in Ireland
 LCE (automobile), an automobile manufactured in the 1910s
 Life cycle engineering, a methodology for assessing environmental impact.
 Lithium carbonate equivalent, a term used in the lithium industry for the first commonly traded Lithium intermediate in the value chain
 Load carrying equipment, soldier's webbing such as MOLLE and PLCE
 Loews Cineplex Entertainment, a cinema chain in the United States which merged with AMC Theatres
 Logistics combat element, responsible for providing logistical support for United States Marine Corps MAGTFs
 London Commodity Exchange, which merged into LIFFE
 Low-carbon economy, an economy which has a minimal output of carbon dioxide emissions into the biosphere
 Lyapunov characteristic exponent, a measure of the rate of separation of infinitesimally close trajectories in a dynamical system.
 Lycée Classique d'Echternach, a school at Echternach, Luxembourg
 Choriolysin L, an enzyme
JCE. JCE may refer to the following:

In publishing:

The Journal of Chemical Education
The Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, a scientific journal focusing on cardiac arrhythmias
The Journal of Comparative Economics

In education:

 Jerusalem College of Engineering, an Israeli Academic College for Engineering Studies, bestowing B.Sc. degrees
 Jordanhill College of Education

In computing:

 JWPce file extension
 Java Cryptography Extension defines APIs for several encryption mechanisms
 Joomla Content Editor

Other:

Journey to the Center of the Earth
Junior Certificate
Joint criminal enterprise
Jackie Chan Emperor, a film production company owned by actor Jackie Chan
NFR-90. NFR-90 (NATO Frigate Replacement for 90s) was a multi-national programme designed to produce a common frigate for several NATO nations.  However, the varying requirements of the different countries led to the project being abandoned in the early 1990s.

Project
The project sought to achieve economies of scale in the production of the next generation warship.  Feasibility studies began in 1985 and reported that with a modularity in design, collaboration should be possible.

Arguments erupted in the design definition stage over such issues as the choice of a primary anti-ship weapon.  France pushed its Exocet missile while the majority of the nations preferred the Boeing AGM-84 Harpoon.  The United Kingdom in particular was uneasy about the absence of a close-in weapon system due to its experiences of being on the receiving end of Exocets during the Falklands War.

The collapse of the project was guaranteed by the withdrawal of the two largest participants, the US and UK.  The US Navy was not happy with the final single mission design - the multi-mission s demonstrate what the US had in mind.  The UK considered withdrawing from the project in 1988, but committed to it to guarantee work for its shipyards and defence equipment suppliers.  However, the UK finally withdrew in 1989 fearing that the requirement for a replacement for its Type 42 destroyers would not be met by the new frigate.

Successors
France, Italy and the UK set up the Horizon CNGF project in 1992.  This was a further attempt at collaboration that was only moderately more successful, with the UK eventually withdrawing and starting its own national project, the Type 45 destroyer.  France and Italy are continuing with the Horizon project, although far fewer ships will be built than initially intended. Spain, Germany and the Netherlands agreed to develop a trilateral basic design, which should be built and finally developed by each nation by itself. Within the framework of this so-called Trilateral Frigate Cooperation Germany built the  (F124), Spain the  (F100) and the Netherlands the .

Australia's AWD  would be evolved from the Spanish F100 class.

Participating nations
Canada
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Spain
United Kingdom
United States

References

External links
NFR-90 NATO Frigate Replacement (Federation of American Scientists)

Frigate classes
Proposed ships
Plant (disambiguation). A plant is a kingdom of mainly multicellular, predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes.

Plant or planted may also refer to:

Heavy industry and engineering
 Plant (control theory), the combination of process and actuator
 Chemical plant
 Heavy equipment
 Manufacturing plant
 Physical plant, a facility's infrastructure
 Power plant

Arts, entertainment, and media
 The Plant (film), a British television movie 
 The Plant (novel), an unfinished serial novel by Stephen King
 Music industry plant, a pejorative
 The Plant (newspaper)
 Plant (professional wrestling)
 "The Plant" (Schitt's Creek)
 "Plants" (Life), BBC documentary episode
 "Plant" (song)
 The Plants, musical group
 "A.K.A. The Plant" (Weeds episode)
 Planted, cookbook by Chantelle Nicholson
 PLANT, fictional organization in Mobile Suit Gundam SEED and related media

People with the surname
 Henry B. Plant (1819–1899), American railroad manager
 John Plant (disambiguation), multiple people
 Richard Plant (disambiguation), multiple people
 Robert Plant (born 1948), lead singer of Led Zeppelin
 Thomas Gustave Plant (1859–1941), British-American manufacturer
 Tom Plant (Colorado politician)
 William Plant (disambiguation), multiple people

Other uses
 Plant, Arkansas, U.S.
 Plant (restaurant)
 Plant (snooker)
 Frameup
 A shill
 Plant, role in Team Role Inventories

See also

 Plante (disambiguation)
 La Plant, South Dakota, U.S.
 Laplante (disambiguation), a surname
Mood ring. A mood ring is a finger ring that contains a thermochromic element, or "mood stone", that changes colors based on the temperature of the finger of the wearer. Finger temperature, as long as the ambient temperature is relatively constant, is significantly determined by peripheral blood flow. A mood ring contains liquid crystals that change color depending on the temperature.

History 
The idea to use thermosensitive elements in jewelry first arose from the American jeweler Marvin Wernick in 1974 after reading a magazine article about the use of liquid crystal elements in medical thermometers. He found a compound that changed color from black to green, blue and deep blue in the range of 32–38 °C and in January 1975 developed a technique for using it in pendants and rings. Sales began in February. Wernick called the jewelry "magical", and his promotional materials claimed that the color of the pendant or ring is an indicator of the warmth of the wearer's character. Since Wernick did not patent the invention, other jewelers adopted the idea and began to produce their thermosensitive jewelry. Soon someone came up with a successful term "mood ring", which was quickly adopted by all manufacturers, including Wernick.

Important producers of "mood rings" were Joshua Reynolds and Maris Ambats; many sources credit them as their inventor. Reynolds called the rings "a real biofeedback tool" that allows a person to get additional information about their body. In December 1975 the total value of the rings sold reached $15 million. However, in mid-December, the demand for rings suddenly fell as the market was oversaturated, and companies that did not have time to sell rings suffered losses. After a couple of years, "mood rings" went out of fashion.

See also
Biorhythm (pseudoscience)
Liquid crystal thermometer
Methods of divination

References

Sources
 
 

1970s fads and trends
1970s fashion
Novelty items
Rings (jewellery)
Thermochromism
The Absolute at Large. The Absolute at Large (Továrna na absolutno in the original Czech, literally translated as The Factory for the Absolute), is a science fiction novel written by Czech author Karel Čapek in 1922. The first sentence opens the story on New Year's Day 1943 - a future date at the time of writing - and describes the fundamental transformations in society as the result of a new mystical source of virtually free energy.

Plot

The story centers on the invention of a reactor that can annihilate matter to produce cheap and abundant energy. Unfortunately, it produces something else as a by-product, the absolute. The absolute is a spiritual essence that according to some religious philosophies permeates all matter. It is associated with human religious experience, as an unsuspecting humanity is to find out all too soon in the story. The widespread adoption of the reactors cause an enormous outpouring of pure absolute into the world. This leads to an outburst of religious and nationalist fervor, causing the greatest, most global war in history.

Čapek describes this war in a self-consciously absurd manner. Characteristic of the war are distant military marches, hence for example "battles of the Chinese with the Senegalese riflemen on the shores of the Finnish lakes." Some of the more prominent political changes the war causes include expulsion of the Russian army to Africa (via Europe) by the Chinese invasion, the conquest of East Asia by Japan that cuts the Chinese conquests in Russia and Europe down to the limits of the former Austro-Hungarian empire, and the Japanese conquest of North America. (The latter was able to occur because the United States were exhausted by a bloody civil war between the supporters and opponents of the Prohibition.)

Absolute does more than affect minds. It also does physical work. During the war, it causes catastrophes against the enemy (various parts of absolute support any given side in the conflict). At some point, it also becomes interested in production of material goods and produces them, in a supernatural manner, in enormous quantities. This leads to economic collapse and, absurdly enough, deficit of all manufactured items because, allegedly, once the price of goods has dropped to zero because of absolute, nobody cares to produce or distribute them any more. Starvation is averted because although absolute does not produce food, the peasants who do naturally do not let the price drop to zero. In fact they force every last penny from the urban population in return for food, hence saving humanity.

Critical reception
R. D. Mullen called the novel "one of the genuine masterpieces of SF", but noted that "it has surely had no great influence on popular SF".

See also 
 The Absolute

References

External links 

 
 
 Full text 
 Audiobook of David Wyllie's English translation

1922 Czech novels
1922 science fiction novels
Czech science fiction novels
Dystopian novels
 Philosophical novels
Fiction set in 1943
Novels about technology
Novels set in fictional wars
Novels by Karel Čapek