IBM 8100. The IBM 8100 Information System, announced Oct. 3, 1978,  was at one time IBM’s principal distributed processing engine, providing local processing capability under two incompatible operating systems (DPPX and DPCX) and was a follow-on to the IBM 3790.

The 8100, when used with the Distributed Processing Programming Executive  (DPPX), was intended to provide turnkey distributed processing capabilities in a centrally controlled and managed network.

It never saw much success—one anonymous source, according to PC Magazine, called it a "boat anchor"—and became moribund when host-based networks went out of fashion.
This, coupled with IBM's recognition that they had too many hardware and
software systems with similar processing power and function,
led to announcement in March 1986 that the 8100 line
would not be expanded and a new System/370 compatible processor line, ES/9370,
would be provided to replace it.
In March 1987, IBM announced that it intended to provide in 1989
a version of DPPX/SP that would run on the new ES/9370.
A formal announcement followed in March 1988
of DPPX/370, a version of DPPX that executed on the
ES/9370 family of processors.
DPPX/370 was made available to customers in December 1988.

DPCX (Distributed Processing Control eXecutive) was mainly to support a word processing system, Distributed Office Support Facility (DOSF).

Architecture
The 8100 was a 32-bit processor, but its instruction set
reveals its lineage as the culmination of a line of
so-called Universal Controller processors internally designated
UC0 (8-bit), UC.5 (16-bit) and UC1 (32-bit).
Each processor carried along the instruction set and architecture
of the smaller processors,
allowing programs written for a smaller processor to run on a larger one
without change.

The 8100 had another interesting distinction in being one of the first commercially available systems to have a network with characteristics of what we now call local area networks, in particular the mechanism of packet passing.  It was called the "8100 Loop" or "R-Loop" and it supported various attached terminals (such as the 3104), printers (such as the free-standing 3268-1) and other devices. Topologically this arranged terminals in a ring, with redundant sets of wires which allowed for a break in the wire to be tolerated simply by "turning back" the data on each side of the break.

The 8100 also supported an "intelligent" terminal called the 8775 (which shared the same case as the 3279 colour display terminal for IBM's mainframes and, like the 3279 was designed at IBM's UK Development Lab at Hursley Park, England) which was the first to ship with the ability to download its functionality from the host computer to which it was attached.

Product range
8130 (various models) - Processor unit
8140 (various models) - Processor unit
8150 (various models) - Processor unit
8101 - External disk unit
8809 - External tape unit

What was notable about the machines was that they were designed to be "office-friendly", not requiring special power supplies or cooling systems, and running quietly. Their size also made them attractive in this environment.

Post mortem
In 1983, Computer Automation, Inc. offered a trade-in program for IBM 8100 users, in exchange for a CA-Syfa system. The offer was to accommodate those who purchased "two or three" 8100s for program development, and encountered too many obstacles.

References

External links
IBM 8100 Field Engineering Announcement

Further reading
Porting DPPX from the IBM 8100 to the IBM ES/ 9370: Feasibility and overview;
by R. Abraham, B. F. Goodrich;
IBM Systems Journal,
Volume 29, Number 1, Page 90 (1990)

8100
32-bit computers