omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
COMEC (company). CSSC Offshore & Marine Engineering (Group) Company Limited (COMEC), formerly Guangzhou Shipyard International Company Limited (GSI), is the largest modern integrated shipbuilding enterprise based in Southern China. It was founded in 1954 and is parented by China State Shipbuilding Corporation (CSSC). It was reorganized and issued H share in Hong Kong Stock Exchange and A-share in Shanghai Stock Exchange in 1993 respectively. It is also the only shipbuilding stock listed in Hong Kong.

It is engaged in the construction and trading of vessels; manufacturing and trading of steel structure and mechanical and electrical equipment, container transportation services and ship repair services. It has shipyards in Guangzhou and Foshan in Guangdong Province respectively. Its Chairman is Li Zhushi.

Benefited by Chinese central government Eleventh Five-Year Plan and international flourishing shipbuilding market, the company has seen many-fold net profit rise since 2006.

References

External links
Guangzhou Shipyard International Limited
Guangzhou Shipyard

Companies listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange
Companies listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange
Government-owned companies of China
Shipbuilding companies of China
H shares
Manufacturing companies based in Guangzhou
Manufacturing companies established in 1954
Chinese companies established in 1954
Aristid von Grosse. Aristid von Grosse (January 1905 – July 21, 1985) was a German nuclear chemist. During his work with Otto Hahn, he got access to waste material from radium production, and with this starting material he was able in 1927 to isolate protactinium(V) oxide and was later able to produce metallic protactinium by decomposition of protactinium(V) iodide.

From 1948 to 1969, he was president of the Research Institute of Temple University and was later affiliated with the laboratories of the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia until his retirement in 1979. In 1971, he received a United States Atomic Energy Commission award in recognition of his "outstanding contributions to the development of nuclear energy."

Aristid was born in Riga in January 1905 and moved to the United States in 1930. He retired in 1979 and died of pneumonia in Laguna Hills, California on July 21, 1985.

References

1905 births
1985 deaths
Scientists from Riga
20th-century American chemists
People of Baltic German descent
Manhattan Project people
Nuclear chemists
Temple University faculty
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Deaths from pneumonia in California
Latvian emigrants to the United States
CFAV Quest. CFAV Quest  was an oceanographic research/acoustic vessel used by the Royal Canadian Navy and Defence Research and Development Canada. It was the only ship with this capability in the fleet. Based out of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Quests crew were civilian members of the Canadian Department of National Defence and the ship was classified as an auxiliary vessel (CFAV). In 2016 it was announced the ship was to be divested and ultimately decommissioned by the end of the year.

Design
The Quest-class oceanographic research vessel was designed for oceanographic and hydrographic research for the Royal Canadian Navy. The ship displaced  and was  long overall with a beam of  and a draught of . The ship was fitted with a small helicopter platform capable of handling light helicopters but this was later removed and converted to a rear crane platform.

Quest was a diesel electric, twin shaft, twin rudder ship. The vessel was equipped with two 10-cylinder Fairbanks-Morse 38D8 diesel engines driving two GE electric motors. This gave the ship a speed of . The vessel had an effective range of  at  for 35 days.

Operational history
Construction of Quest began in 1967 by Burrard Shipbuilding & Drydock Ltd. at Vancouver, the ship was launched on 9 July 1968. After entering service on 21 August 1969 with the hull number AGOR 172, Quest was deployed on the East Coast. The vessel was used primarily for oceanographic and hydrographic research in the north Atlantic Ocean and the Arctic Ocean. The ship was able to operate in the heavy ice of the Arctic Ocean when accompanied by an icebreaker.

A mid-life update was performed in 1997–1999. This included updated communications and navigational hardware along with improved noise insulation. As of February 2014, Quest was docked indefinitely at Halifax following budget cutbacks to the Royal Canadian Navy. On 2 September 2016 the Royal Canadian Navy announced through an email release that the ship would be decommissioned and "divested". Contractors to dismantle Quest, along with , were sought in March 2017. In June Marine Recycling Corporation of Port Colborne, Ontario secured a CAD$12.6 million contract to dismantle the two ships at their Sydport facility at Sydney, Nova Scotia.

See also
 Fleet of the Royal Canadian Navy
  - Survey vessel in the Canadian Coast Guard

References

External links
 Defence R&D Canada – Atlantic

Auxiliary research ship classes
Fleet of the Royal Canadian Navy
Cold War naval ships of Canada
Auxiliary ships of the Royal Canadian Navy
1968 ships
Ships built in North Vancouver
Caproni Ca.20. The Caproni Ca.20 was an early monoplane fighter. Developed by Giovanni Battista Caproni in 1914. The only prototype made is today on display at the Museum of Flight in Seattle, Washington, United States.

History of the design
The Ca.20 was derived from the Ca.18, an observation monoplane that had been developed starting in 1913 from the previous models Ca.8 and Ca.16. It used a more powerful engine, the Rhône. It used an unusual rounded nose cover for the wooden propeller which was cowled smoothly to match the fuselage. The cover was pierced to allow cooling of the engine. The improved aerodynamics helped speed and manoeuvrability. Designed as a fighter, a Lewis machine gun was installed above the pilot, placed above the propeller disc, with an eye level sight. The first synchronization devices, which allowed a weapon to shoot with confidence through the blades of a propeller in motion, would not make their appearance until the Fokker Eindecker during 1915, although many experiments had been conducted by the French since 1913.

History of the prototype

Only a single Caproni Ca.20 was ever built, because the Italian government rejected the design in favor of bomber aircraft. The prototype was stored in a barn on Giovanni Battista Caproni's property for 85 years, before being sold to the Museum of Flight in Seattle in 1999. The dry climate had preserved the aircraft, and with the exception of the tires, which had been gnawed by rodents, the prototype Caproni Ca.20 displayed at the Museum of Flight includes all its original parts.

Specifications

References

External links

 The Caproni Ca.20 of the Museum of Flight
 airwar.ru: Caproni Ca.20 (Russian)

Ca.020
1910s Italian fighter aircraft
Rotary-engined aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1914
Lancia Dialfa. The Lancia 18/24 HP Dialfa was the second model built by Lancia, produced in 1908. The car was based on the four cylinder Lancia Alfa, now with a straight-6 engine. With 40 hp, it could achieve a top speed of . Only  23 examples were built, all in 1908.

References
Lancia by Michael Frostick, 1976. 

Dialfa-18HP
Cars introduced in 1908
Brass Era vehicles
Smart rubber. Smart rubber is a polymeric material that is able to "heal" when torn. Near room temperature this process is reversible and can be cycled several times.  Supramolecular self-healing rubber can be processed, re-used, and ultimately recycled. The edges of a tear can be held together, and they will simply re-bond into apparent solidity.  This is done by utilizing a hydrogen-bonding polymer, rather than producing a material whose structure would depend on covalent bonding and ionic bonding between chains, which is typical of normal rubber. In this case hydrogen bonding can occur simply by pressing two faces of the substance together, allowing the recovery of a continuous hydrogen bonding network.

Hydrogen bonding networks 
Smart rubber will recover its original mechanical strength within several hours of being split and then subsequently recombined.  Residual hydrogen bond donors and acceptors responsible for the self-healing properties of the elastomer remain unpaired until the newly exposed surface comes in contact with another complementary surface, allowing formation of new intermolecular hydrogen bonds.

Comparisons with conventional rubber
When compared to rubber, which is covalently cross-linked, smart rubber cannot continually hold mechanical stress without undergoing gradual plastic deformation, and strain recovery is typically slow.

See also 
 Ludwik Leibler (inventor of smart rubber)
 Smart polymer

References
 
 
  
 

Rubber
Smart materials
Amberfield School. Amberfield School was a small private school in Nacton, England, coeducational up to the age of 7 years, and for girls up to the age of 16 years, which was established in 1927 and closed in 2011 due to financial problems. The last headmistress was Linda Ingram. It was set in countryside with surrounding fields and wildlife. It won the Lego League Robotics UK Championships and the World Primary Robot Dance Championship held in Suzhou, China as part of RoboCup Junior in 2008. The school occupied the site of Nacton Workhouse, near woodland where the body of one of the victims of the Ipswich 2006 serial murders, was found. The school was a member of the Girls' Schools Association.

History
The school was founded by sisters Gertrude, Eleanor and Margaret Roberts in 1927 from their home in Ipswich. In 1951, the school moved from Crofton Road to the former site of the House of Industry Workhouse at Nacton where it remained until the school's closure in 2011. An educational trust was formed in 1962, with Margaret Roberts and Jean Horsburgh as joint headmistresses. Margaret Roberts retired in 1966 and Jean Horsburgh retired in 1972. Pearl Webb took over as headmistress from Jean Horsburgh, until she left in 1992. Louise Amphlett Lewis headed the school until 2005. Helen Kay, a mathematics teacher, took over but left unexpectedly mid-year in 2008. Linda Ingram was then headmistress until the school's closing in 2011.

Sport
The school was successful in tennis with the under-15 team reaching the quarter-finals of the national competition in 2007.

Notable former pupils

Maggi Hambling, artist
Sarah Hugill, first wife of Andrew Lloyd Webber
Freya Holmes, model
Hannah Patrick, Entrepreneur

School closure
On 12 October 2011 the school website was replaced by a press release headed "Amberfield School to close". It stated that "Amberfield School will close on 31 October 2011 and go into liquidation thereafter due to unsustainable losses". BBC Look East that evening reported that the debts were over £1 million and that the school would in fact close on Friday 14 October 2011, which it did. At the time of closure there were 32 teaching staff and 23 non-teaching staff, also 157 pupils, 70 down on earlier levels.

On Saturday 15 October 2011 a news report headed "Comeback hopes as school is closed in debt crisis" stated that given just 48 hours' notice a group of parents had tried to raise £200,000 to keep the school running until Christmas, but with parents concerned for their children's education seeking places at other nearby independent schools, closure of Amberfield was inevitable. The parent group subsequently stated it would not give up hope of seeing the school reopen in the New Year.

References

Defunct schools in Suffolk
Girls' schools in Suffolk
Educational institutions established in 1927
Member schools of the Girls' Schools Association
1927 establishments in England

Educational institutions disestablished in 2011
2011 disestablishments in England
Nacton
Nobuaki Katayama. Nobuaki Katayama is a Japanese automotive engineer and former racing driver who was the chief engineer for the first generation Lexus IS, the Toyota Altezza in Japan, the first generation Lexus SC 400/SC 300, and the 4th generation of the Toyota Supra. Previously, he was an engineer on the AE86 project, and also worked for four years on Toyota Motorsports' World Rally Championship and Le Mans programs.

Career
Katayama joined Toyota Motor Corporation in 1970, where he spent years working in manual transmission design.  In 1989, he joined the company's motorsport division.  Through the 1990s, Katayama worked in Europe as an executive in Toyota's Motorsports division, where he assisted in World Rally Championship, Sports Car World Championship, and Le Mans racing.  He also competed in rallies and other races.  From 1994 onward, he worked as the chief engineer of the fourth generation of the Toyota Supra performance coupe.  He also worked on the first generation Lexus SC coupes, the SC 400 and SC 300, and then the first Lexus IS.

 
With the first generation Lexus IS, Katayama aimed to build a smaller, more compact Lexus intended for volume sales in the large entry-luxury market, with a front engine/rear drive design. In doing so, Katayama utilized the suspension system of the larger Lexus GS performance sedans,  chronometer instrument displays, and drilled aluminum throttle, brake, and accelerator pedals.  The drilled pedals were inspired by his teenage son, who had used such a pedal in his car.  The vehicle was also fitted with room for modifications; Katayama's personal Altezza was fitted with a supercharger, stiffer suspension, and lowered height.  The resulting design received critical acclaim at its 1998 launch, and was awarded Japan's "Car of the Year" honor for 1998-1999.  However, Katayama also felt that the design could be further improved, and developed a list of items he suggested be addressed for the second generation Lexus IS design.

References

Japanese automotive engineers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Lexus
Toyota people
Examination vessel. An examination vessel is a vessel used to inspect ships and boats entering a port during wartime.

An examination vessel would typically be responsible for examining and verifying all merchant ships and small craft entering or departing a port. They would normally be equipped with one or more machine guns and in addition were often supported by one or more shore gun batteries, sometimes called examination batteries. In the case of United States Army Coast Artillery Corps defenses in World War II, a Harbor Entrance Control Post on shore would interrogate a vessel, and a nearby examination battery would be ready to respond if required. Duties might include boarding ships, examining papers to establish identity and belligerent status, and inspecting cargoes for legitimacy.

As an example of how an examination service might operate, here is an account of the procedure that operated in 1917 in Sydney Harbour:
"At midnight on 7 August all traffic entering and leaving the harbour was placed under strict naval control with the inauguration of an examination service under Captain Pasco's port defense organisation, to guard against surprise attack by disguised armed merchant ship raiders. No incoming ship could approach beyond the line between Flat Point and Cranberry Head without first establishing its identity to a naval examination vessel. Because no steamer was available this had to be performed by motor launches. The examination personnel, if satisfied, would order the gate of the submarine net to be opened. Vessels wishing to leave port would have to notify the examination one day in advance and receive, confidentially, a time when the gate would be briefly opened. Vessels could not enter or leave during darkness or when the weather was thick. One of primary responsibilities of the coastal batteries at Cranberry Head and Fort Petrie was to be ready at all times to open fire, first with warning shots and then for effect, on instructions from the examination staff... [No vessels] could pass, in or out, without displaying certain prearranged signals, set from day to day by the naval authorities."

Vessels which served as examination vessels

Australia
 Adele (1906)
 HMAS Kookaburra
 HMQS Otter
 HMAS Southern Cross

Canada
 HMCS Armentières
 HMCS Cougar (Z15)
 HMCS Malaspina
 HMCS Marvita

New Zealand
 Awanui
 Hauiti
 Ikatere	
 Janie Seddon
 Lyttelton 	
 Stina
 Tuirangi
 Wairangi

South Africa
 HMSAS Clara 						
 HMSAS Stork 						
 HMSAS William Messina

United Kingdom
 Gladysfin
 HMS Castle Harbour
 Bermudian (ex-HMS Arctic Whale)
 HMS Sumar

United States
 LV-79/WAL-506
 LV-85/WAL-510
  LV-87/WAL-512 
 LV-112/WAL-534
 LV-113/WAL-535
 LV-115/WAL-537

See also
 Examination vessels of the Royal New Zealand Navy

Notes

References
 Tennyson, B D and Flynn, R S (2000) Guardian of the Gulf. University of Toronto Press

External links
 HMAS Adele: Examination vessel

Ship types
688(I) Hunter/Killer. Jane's 688(i) Hunter/Killer is a 1997 submarine simulator video game, developed by Sonalysts Inc. and published by Electronic Arts and more recently by Strategy First for Windows 95 compatible operating systems. It is named after the 688 (Improved)  of United States (SSN) submarine, and was a successor to the earlier game 688 Attack Sub. It is part of the Jane's Combat Simulations series. It was released on Valve's Steam content delivery service as well as DotEmu.

Development
688(I) Hunter/Killer was developed by Sonalysts Inc., which had previously developed submarine simulations and wargames for the United States Department of Defense. The developers limited themselves to plausible real world scenarios, based on projections from Jane's Information Group. Because of the authentic tactics and technology being simulated, Sonalysts had the Pentagon review the game to ensure that it did not contain any valuable military secrets.

The game was developed using custom software tools, with the exception of the ship models, which were done using PowerAnimator.

Reception
T. Liam McDonald gave 688(I) Hunter/Killer an 8.8 out of 10 in GameSpot, lauding the depth, complexity, and realism of the simulation, and the way the different systems and stations are integrated such that the player can naturally switch between them.

Next Generation rated the game four stars out of five.

The game sold more than 200,000 copies.

Reviews
 Subsim (December 7, 1997)
 Gamezilla (1997)
 Game Revolution (September 1, 1997)
 PC Jeux (September 1997)

See also
 Silent Hunter
 Tom Clancy's SSN

References

External links 

1997 video games
Electronic Arts games
Jane's Combat Simulations
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Sonalysts Combat Simulations games
Strategy First games
Submarine simulation video games
Windows games
Windows-only games
LisaProject. LisaProject is the first GUI-based project management software, conceived and programmed by Debra Willrett of SoloSoft for Apple's Lisa workstation.

In 1981, Willrett realized that project management was a universal problem and that a GUI-based application would be a useful tool. She proposed what became LisaProject to Trip Hawkins at Apple. At the time, Apple was developing the Apple Lisa computer which had limited software.

LisaProject is the first project management system to simplify the project management process by allowing the user to interactively draw their project on the computer in the form of a PERT chart.  Constraints can be entered for each task, and the relationships between tasks show which ones must be completed before a task could begin. Given the task constraints and relationships, a critical path, schedule, and budget can be calculated dynamically using heuristic methods.  The resulting schedule data can be viewed as a Gantt chart.

Although the Lisa ultimately failed in the marketplace, the largest installed base was NASA, which had used LisaProject. In response to the demand for LisaProject from NASA and other customers, a new version called MacProject was released with the first Macintosh in 1984.

References

Classic Mac OS-only software made by Apple Inc.
Project management software
1981 software
Chedoke Creek. The Chedoke Creek is an urban creek that runs through the west end of Hamilton, Ontario.  It crosses the Bruce Trail and the Radial Trail. 

Much of the creek is diverted below ground in concrete piping.  It is a few meters at the widest and is at a depth suitable for wading (not recommended due to pollution).  The flow rate and volume of the creek changes with the seasons - The spring thaw yields the greatest flow.  The creek contains no fish stock, but has tested for watershed biodiversity, as part of an educational program organized by Dr. George Sorger of McMaster University for the benefit of students at Westdale Secondary School.  Biodiversity is considered an indicator of health.  Low biodiversity indicates pollution.  Testing performed by McMaster students have detected a high E. coli count, indicating that the waters are unsafe for all humans and pets - though much less so than the East Hamilton's Red Hill Creek.

Two separate waterfalls (Chedoke Falls) flow over the Niagara Escarpment, locally referred to as "The Mountain."  Both falls are located in a stretch of parkland, The Mountain Brow.  The larger falls is secluded, located at the east entrance of the Chedoke Civic Golf Course and requires a dangerous hike along a steeply-inclined valley that shows bright red clay soils and an abundance of mature maple trees.  The Western Falls is visible from the Radial Trail (a gravel road suitable for pedestrian and bicyclists, no motor vehicles), just west of the Upper Paradise Street stairs and the Chedoke clubhouse.  From the falls, the creek is routed under the radial trail and travels through a thin stretch of forest that separates the Chedoke Civic Golf Course from the nearby houses.  At Glenside Avenue (approximately 500 meters from the Radial Trail), the creek is routed underground.  It is channeled through a built concrete trough along the side of Highway 403 and empties into Cootes Paradise at Princess Point Park.

See also
Chedoke Falls
Chedoke Golf Club
Chedoke Hospital
Chedoke Expressway
Red Hill Creek
Red Hill Valley Parkway
Cootes Paradise

References

Rivers of Hamilton, Ontario
Fenchel's Law. Fenchel's Law is a regularity in population ecology regarding how exponential population growth is related to the body size of the organism. It was first described by the Danish marine ecologist Tom Fenchel. It contends that species with larger body sizes tend to have lower rates of population growth.  More exactly, it states that the maximum rate of reproduction decreases with body size at a power of a quarter of the body mass

Fenchel's law may be expressed as an allometric equation: 

,

where r is the intrinsic rate of natural population growth, a is a constant that has 3 different values (one for unicellular organisms, one for poikilotherms and one for homeotherms), and W is the average body mass of the organism. This means that if a species A has a body mass 10 times that of species B, then the maximum population growth rate of A will be one-half that of species B.

Sources

Population ecology
DINFIA IA 53. The DINFIA IA 53 Mamboretá (Guaraní for "Praying Mantis") was an agricultural aircraft developed in Argentina by DINFIA in the 1960s.

Description 

The IA 53 was a single-engine low-wing cantilever monoplane of conventional undercarriage configuration with fixed tailwheel. Accommodation for the pilot and a single passenger was provided under a broad bubble canopy.

Two prototypes were constructed, with the type making its first flight on 10 November 1966. No production followed, with FMA instead building the Cessna 188 under license.

Aircraft on display
One aircraft is preserved at the Museo Nacional de Aeronáutica de Argentina in Morón, Buenos Aires.

Specifications

References

Notes

Bibliography

 
 

1960s Argentine agricultural aircraft
FMA aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1965