omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
William Clark (inventor). William Clark (17 March 1821 – 22 January 1880) was an English civil engineer and inventor.

Life

Born at Colchester, Clark attended King's College London in 1842, and was made an Associate of King's College in 1845. Soon afterwards he became a pupil of, and subsequently an assistant to, J. Birkinshaw, M. Inst. C.E., under whom he was employed for three years on the works of the York and North Midland railway system. In 1850 he was connected with Sir Goldsworthy Gurney in the warming and ventilation of the houses of parliament. In 1851 he entered into partnership with A. W. Makinson, M. Inst. C.E., the firm devoting special attention to the warming and ventilating of public buildings. He shortly afterwards obtained the appointment of surveyor to the local board of health of Kingston-upon-Hull, and devised a complete system of drainage for that town.

In 1854 he entered the service of the East Indian Railway Company, and, after acting for a year as resident engineer on a portion of the East India railway, became the secretary and subsequently the engineer to the municipality of Calcutta. Clark devoted himself with zeal to his work, and very soon proposed a complete scheme for the drainage of the city, only imperfectly carried out owing to the expense. He also devised a system of waterworks, comprising three large pumping stations, with their filter beds and settling tanks.

He returned to England in 1874, when he entered into partnership with W. F. Batho, M. Inst. C.E., and in the same year received the appointment of consulting engineer to the Oudh and Rohilkund Railway Company. In December 1874 he visited Madras, where he remained four months planning a system of drainage for that city. He was selected by the colonial office in 1876, in concert with the government of New South Wales, to advise and report upon the water supply and drainage of Sydney. During a residence of two years in the Australian colonies he prepared schemes of a like description for Port Adelaide, Newcastle, Bathurst, Goulburn, Orange, Maitland (the Walka Water Works), and Brisbane, and afterwards for Wellington and Christchurch in New Zealand.

Among Clark's inventions was his tied brick arch, of which examples exist in Calcutta and in other places in India; and he was joint patentee with William F. Batho of the well-known steam road roller. Among his schemes was a proposal for reclaiming the salt-water lakes in the neighbourhood of Calcutta. He was elected a member of the Institution of Civil Engineers on 2 February 1864, and a member of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers in 1867.

He died from liver disease, at Surbiton, on 22 January 1880. He was the writer of The Drainage of Calcutta, 1871.

References

1821 births
1880 deaths
English civil engineers
19th-century British inventors
Alumni of King's College London
Associates of King's College London
Saturn V dynamic test stand. Saturn V dynamic test stand, also known as dynamic structural test facility, at the George C. Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama is the test stand used for testing of the Saturn V rocket and the Space Shuttle prior to the vehicles' first flights.  Designated building 4550, it stands  tall and is  square.  Its central bay has maximum dimensions of , and it is topped by a derrick capable of moving 200-ton objects in a  radius.  An elevator provides access to 15 levels in the structure, and a cable tunnel connects the building to control facilities in the space center's East Test Area.

NASA built the test stand  in 1964 to conduct mechanical and vibrational tests on the fully assembled Saturn V rocket. Major problems capable of causing failure of the vehicle were discovered and corrected here.  The new building was so tall that in 1966 when the Saturn V first stage was entering, an observer noted, "Fog and clouds hovered around the top of the  tall test stand most of the day while the  stage was being lifted from its transporter into place inside the stand, said to be the tallest building in Alabama."  The stand was used to test how spacecraft behaved when put under vibrating and bending stresses, and to test the connections between major stages of the craft.

It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1985 for its role in the Saturn V program.

In addition to the Saturn V dynamic test vehicle, designated SA-500D, two Space Shuttle test vehicles, Pathfinder and Enterprise, were also tested in this facility.

See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in Alabama

References

External links

Aviation: From Sand Dunes to Sonic Booms, a National Park Service Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary

National Historic Landmarks in Alabama
Marshall Space Flight Center
National Register of Historic Places in Huntsville, Alabama
Samuel Clegg. Samuel Clegg (2 March 1781 – 8 January 1861) was a British engineer, known mostly for his development of the gas works process.

Biography

Clegg was born at Manchester on 2 March 1781, received a scientific education under the care of Dr. Dalton. He was then apprenticed to Boulton and Watt, and at the Soho Manufactory witnessed many of William Murdoch's earlier experiments in the use of coal gas. He profited so well by his residence there that he was soon engaged by Mr. Henry Lodge to adapt the new lighting system to his cotton mills at Sowerby Bridge, near Halifax; and finding the necessity for some simpler method of purifying the gas, he invented the lime purifiers. He installed gas lighting at Thomas Hinde's worsted mill in Dolphinholme, Lancashire.

After removing to London, he lighted in 1813 with gas the establishment of Mr. Rudolph Ackermann, printseller, 101 Strand. Here his success was so pronounced that it brought him prominently forward, and in the following year he became the engineer of the Chartered Gas Company. He made many unsuccessful attempts to construct a dry meter which would register satisfactorily; but in 1815 and again in 1818 he patented a water meter, — the basis of all the subsequent improvements in the method of measuring gas.

For some years he was actively engaged in the construction of gasworks, and in advising on the formation of new gas companies; but then joined an engineering establishment at Liverpool, in which he lost everything he possessed, and had to start he career again.

He was afterwards employed by the Portuguese government as an engineer, and in that capacity reconstructed the mint at Lisbon, and executed several other public works. On his return to England railway works engaged his attention, but unfortunately he became involved with the atmospheric system of propulsion with the Samuda Brothers. The failure of their system as a practicable plan of locomotion was a great blow to him, and he never after took any very active part in public affairs.

He was appointed by the government one of the surveying officers for conducting preliminary inquiries on applications for new gas bills, and he occupied his spare time in contributing to the elaborate treatise on manufacture of coal gas published by his son Samuel in 1850. He became a member of the Institution of Civil Engineers in 1829, and took a prominent part in the discussions at its meetings.

He died at Fairfield House, Adelaide Road, Haverstock Hill, Middlesex on 8 January 1861 and was buried on the western side of Highgate Cemetery.

References

English civil engineers
Engineers from Manchester
1781 births
1861 deaths
Burials at Highgate Cemetery
People from Birmingham, West Midlands
Institution of Civil Engineers
19th-century English engineers
Indium gallium aluminium nitride. Indium gallium aluminium nitride (InGaAlN, AlInGaN) is a GaN-based compound semiconductor. It is usually prepared by epitaxial growth, such as metalorganic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD), molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE), pulsed laser deposition (PLD), etc. This material is used for specialist opto-electronics applications, often in blue laser diodes and LEDs.

See also 
 Indium aluminium nitride

References 

III-V semiconductors
Indium compounds
Gallium compounds
Aluminium compounds
Nitrides
Performance Bikes (magazine). Performance Bikes, often known by the shortened form of "PB", was a monthly British motorcycling magazine which evolved during the 1980s from the long-running Motorcycle Mechanics. The first issue dated April 1985 and entitled Performance Bikes & Mechanics published by EMAP also incorporated the previous version of the title Mechanics and The Biker.

The magazine featured a mix of motorcycle and product tests, with technical articles and design innovation, presented with a unique combination of humour and high standards. Many of the journalists raced competitively, for example, applying this experience and perspective in the magazine's tests and reviews; one racer's preferred road bike, a VFR, being derided by others as "an old man's machine", the next cover featured as his riposte him riding it at extreme speed through a countryside sweeper, knee-down, dressed in dressing-gown, pipe and slippers.

In 2007, PB under publisher Bauer moved testing of many of the motorcycles to the Nürburgring, in the Eifel Mountains of Germany. Where the Nordschleife fastest lap times are captured and collated into a table. This feature is called the PBTT, which stands for Performance Bikes Test Track.

PB is notable for its long association with the late journalist John Robinson ("Robbo", who had been with the magazine since its Motorcycle Mechanics days until his death in 2001, and was noted for communicating complex technical issues simply, understandably, and memorably). Robinson was key to PB pioneering the use of a dynamometer in the performance testing of motorcycles by a magazine.

Performance Bike was amalgamated with another Bauer magazine and continues under the name Practical Sportsbikes.

References

External links
 Archived Performance Bikes website

Bauer Group (UK)
Monthly magazines published in the United Kingdom
Motorcycle magazines published in the United Kingdom
Magazines established in 1985
Mass media in Peterborough
1985 establishments in the United Kingdom
John Coll. John Alexander Coll was a British computer specialist. While teaching physics at Oundle school he built a number of computers and was involved in Micro Users in Secondary Education (MUSE). He helped write the functional description for the BBC Computer and played an important role in convincing senior management at the BBC that it could be done. He later wrote the BBC Microcomputer User Guide which was supplied by Acorn Computers with the BBC Micro and appeared regularly on the television programmes Making the Most of the Micro and Micro Live which featured the computer.

Professional career
He taught physics at Keil School and then at Oundle School where he was also head of Electronics and was also a tutor at Laxton House.

At Oundle he learnt to program the school's Data General Nova 2 computer alongside a number of pupils, built a Motorola 6800 based microcomputer from scratch, designing and etching the printed circuit boards personally and then purchased and built a kit SWTPC 6800 computer which was made available to the pupils. His relationship with SWTPC's UK operation helped many former pupils gain gap-year and full-time jobs and a foothold into the computer industry. He was also active with the organisation 'Micro Users in Secondary Education (MUSE)'.

With David Allen, he was then asked by the British Broadcasting Corporation to help draw up the functional description for a computer which would be used as part of a television series to teach computer literacy. Of John, of the team at the BBC said "It was John’s drive, determination and sheer brilliance that really pulled the whole thing off".

He later wrote the BBC Microcomputer User Guide with David Allen which was supplied by Acorn Computers with the BBC Micro, he appeared regularly on the television programmes Making the Most of the Micro and Micro Live and wrote many articles for Personal Computer World during its early years.

John also invested his time in people and he wanted to realize the potential in people. In his part in philanthropy, John was mainly focused on educating people about IT.

Through his company Connection Software he started off the charity Educated Horizons, which funded students from disadvantaged backgrounds from the Chikomba District, to pursue further education in higher institutions of learning in Zimbabwe.

He also equipped many High Schools in the Harare Archdiocese with computers and other IT equipment to ensure the smooth studying of technical subjects like Computer Science. He was the Patron of the St Francis of Assisi Computer Science class (2010).

Until his death on 23 December 2014 John ran Connection Software, a telecoms software house and ASP specialising in SMS, MMS and VOIP.

Publications
 The BBC Microcomputer User Guide was written by John Coll and edited by David Allen for the British Broadcasting Corporation.

References

External links
Connection Software

British computer scientists
2014 deaths
Teachers at Oundle School
NEC SX-9. The SX-9 is a NEC SX supercomputer built by NEC Corporation.  The SX-9 Series implements an SMP system in a compact node module and uses an enhanced version of the single chip vector processor that was introduced with the SX-6.  The NEC SX-9 processors run at 3.2 GHz, with eight-way replicated vector pipes, each having two multiply units and two addition units; this results in a peak vector performance of 102.4 gigaFLOPS.  For non-vectorized code, there is a scalar processor that runs at half the speed of the vector unit, i.e. 1.6 GHz.  Up to 16 CPUs and 1 terabyte of memory may be used in a single node. Each node is packaged in an air-cooled cabinet, similar in size to a standard 42U computer rack. The SX-9 series ranges from the single-node SX-9/B system with 4 CPUs to the maximum expansion stage with 512 nodes, 8,192 CPUs, and 970 TFLOPS peak performance. There is up to 4 TB/s shared memory bandwidth per node and 2×128 GB/s node interconnect bandwidth. The operating system is NEC's SUPER-UX, a Unix-like OS.

The SX-9 had the world's fastest vector CPU core. A fully equipped system with 512 nodes would have been the world's fastest supercomputer at the time of release in the first quarter of 2008, with a performance of 819 TFLOPS. The SX-9 was discontinued in 2015.

The German national meteorological service (DWD) operated two independent SX-9 clusters, with 976 processors, 31,232 GB of RAM and 98 TFLOPS performance in total.

NEC Published Product Highlights
1.6 TFLOPS max. peak performance per node
350 million transistors per CPU, 1.0 V, 8,960 pins (1,791 signal pins)
Up to 16 CPUs per node, manufactured in 65 nm CMOS cu technology, 11 copper layers
Up to 64 GB of memory per CPU, 1 TB in a single node
Up to 4 TB/s bandwidth per node, 256 GB/s per CPU
IXS Super-Switch between nodes, up to 512 nodes supported, 256 GB/s per node (128 GB/s for each direction)
50% less power consumption compared to the NEC SX-8R

See also
SUPER-UX
SX architecture

External links
special issue of NEC Technical Journal (Vol 3, No 4, 2008) on NEC SX-9

References

Sx-9
Vector supercomputers

ja:NEC SX#SX-9
USA-195. USA-195, or Wideband Global SATCOM 1 (WGS-1) is a United States military communications satellite operated by the United States Air Force as part of the Wideband Global SATCOM programme. Launched in 2007, it was the first WGS satellite to reach orbit. It is stationed at a longitude of 174.8° East (Ocean Pacific).

Overview 
The WGS system is a constellation of highly capable military communications satellites that leverage cost-effective methods and technological advances in the communications satellite industry. The WGS system is composed of three principal segments: Space Segment (satellites), Control Segment (operators) and Terminal Segment (users). Each WGS satellite provides service in multiple frequency bands, with the unprecedented ability to cross-band between the two frequencies on board the satellite. WGS augments other satellites.

In early 2001, a satellite communications industry team led by Boeing Satellite Systems was selected to develop the Wideband Gapfiller Satellite (WGS) system as successors to the Defense Satellite Communications System (DSCS) series of communications satellites. This satellite communications system is intended to support the warfighter with newer and far greater capabilities than provided by current systems. In March 2007, the acronym WGS was changed to Wideband Global SATCOM.

Just one WGS satellite provides more SATCOM capacity than the entire legacy Defense Satellite Communications System (DSCS) constellation.

Satellite description 
Built by Boeing, USA-195 is based on the BSS-702 satellite bus. It had a mass at launch of , and was expected to operate for fourteen years. The satellite is equipped with two solar arrays to generate power for its communications payload, which consists of cross-band X-band and Ka-band transponders. Propulsion is provided by an R-4D-15 apogee motor, with four XIPS-25 ion engines for stationkeeping.

Launch 
WGS-1 was launched by United Launch Alliance (ULA), who placed it into orbit using an Atlas V launch vehicle flying in the 421 configuration. The launch took place from Space Launch Complex 41 at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS), with liftoff occurring at 00:22 UTC on 11 October 2007. The launch was successful, placing the satellite into a geosynchronous transfer orbit (GTO), from which the spacecraft raised itself into geostationary orbit using its onboard propulsion systems. The satellite was designated USA-195 under the U.S. military's designation system, and received the International Designator 2007-046A and Satellite Catalog Number 32258.

References 

Spacecraft launched in 2007
USA satellites
Wideband Global SATCOM
Communications satellites in geostationary orbit
Forensic software engineering. Forensic software engineering refers to the discipline of analyzing (and sometimes reconstructing) the functionality of software applications or services that have become defunct; are no longer accompanied by, or previously lacked, documentation; or for which the original engineers are no longer available.

Description
Usually, forensic software engineering is performed with an interest in understanding the functionality - and sometimes intent - of software that has been abandoned by its creators, with an eye to correcting unexpected outcomes or determining whether to port, rebuild, replace, or retire a functional software instance.

Is often required as a result of a corporate mergers or acquisitions, or during the migration/transition from an old datacenter to a newer one.

See also 

 Charles Babbage Institute
 History of operating systems
 IT History Society
 List of operating systems
 Timeline of operating systems

References

Engineering disciplines
Software engineering
James Simpson (engineer). James Simpson  (1799–1869) was a British civil engineer. He was president of the Institution of Civil Engineers from January 1853 to January 1855.

James Simpson was the fourth son of Thomas Simpson, engineer of the Chelsea Waterworks. James succeeded his father in both this post and that of engineer of the Lambeth Waterworks Company. It was under Simpson's instruction that the Chelsea Waterworks became the first in the country to install a slow sand filtration system to purify the water they were drawing from the River Thames. This filter consisted of successive beds of loose brick, gravel and sand to remove solids from the water.

He also designed waterworks at Windsor Castle and Bristol as well as The Wooden Pier at Southend-on-Sea.

Simpson established J. Simpson & Co., a manufacturer of steam engines and pumps, making several improvements to their design.

References 

        
        
        
        
        
        

English civil engineers
Presidents of the Institution of Civil Engineers
Presidents of the Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers
1799 births
1869 deaths
19th-century British engineers
Fellows of the Royal Society
Fellows of the Royal Society of Arts
Edward Kimbark. Edward Wilson Kimbark (September 21, 1902 - February 7, 1982) was a noted power engineer and professor of Electrical Engineering at Northwestern University.

Kimbark was born in Chicago, Illinois to Edward Hall and Maude (Wilson) Kimbark. In 1920 Kimbark enrolled at Northwestern University where he earned his B.S. in 1924 and his E.E. in 1925. After graduation, he worked for two years as a substation operator and testing lab assistant for the Public Service Company of Northern Illinois at Evanston, and for two years as an instructor at the University of California, Berkeley.

He became the Assistant Curator for the Chicago Museum of Science and Industry, Division of Power, in 1929. After four years at this job, Kimbark decided to return to his studies.  He enrolled at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, receiving an S.M. in 1933 and a Sc.D. in 1937.  While at MIT Kimbark began writing articles and books, which he would continue to do throughout his life.

Kimbark began teaching soon after receiving his Sc.D., beginning at the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn.  In 1939 he returned to Northwestern to teach.  Here he eventually became the acting department chair, edited and taught from a textbook titled "Principles of Radar" at MIT's Radar School.

In 1950 Kimbark moved to Brazil to help initiate an electrical engineering program at the Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica São Paulo. He taught electrical power systems engineering for the next five years, using his own English-language texts but lecturing and administering exams in self-taught Portuguese. (He was also proficient in French, German, and Russian, and was a lifelong proponent of Esperanto.)

Kimbark returned to the United States in 1955 for a position at Seattle University as the Dean of the School of Engineering.  While at Seattle University he also became a consultant for Bonneville Power Administration in Portland, Oregon.  In 1962 Kimbark began working for the BPA full-time as the head of the Network Analog Group.

Kimbark’s first wife Ruth died in 1976.  He retired from full-time work at the BPA the same year.  He continued to act as a consultant to the BPA until his death in 1982. He was survived by his second wife Iris.

Works 
"Electrical Transmissions of Power and Signals" (1955)
"Power System Stability" (1948)
"Direct Current Transmission"(1971)
"Principles of Radar"

References

External links 
 https://web.archive.org/web/20071011032429/http://www.bpa.gov/corporate/

1902 births
1982 deaths
American electrical engineers
Engineers from Chicago
American Esperantists
Northwestern University alumni
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Polytechnic Institute of New York University faculty
Northwestern University faculty
University of California, Berkeley faculty
Seattle University faculty