omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Class of service. Class of service (COS or CoS) is a parameter used in data and voice protocols to differentiate the types of payloads contained in the packet being transmitted. The objective of such differentiation is generally associated with assigning priorities to the data payload or access levels to the telephone call.

Data services

As related to network technology, COS is a 3-bit field that is present in an Ethernet frame header when 802.1Q VLAN tagging is present. The field specifies a priority value between 0 and 7, more commonly known as CS0 through CS7, that can be used by quality of service (QoS) disciplines to differentiate and shape/police network traffic.

COS operates only on 802.1Q VLAN Ethernet at the data link layer (layer 2), while other QoS mechanisms (such as DiffServ, also known as DSCP) operate at the IP network layer (layer 3) or use a local QoS tagging system that does not modify the actual packet, such as Cisco's "QoS-Group".

Network devices (i.e. routers, switches, etc.) can be configured to use existing COS values on incoming packets from other devices (trust mode), or can rewrite the COS value to something completely different.  Most Internet Service Providers do not trust incoming QoS markings from their customers, so COS is generally limited to use within an organization's intranet.

Service providers offering private-line WAN services will typically offer services which can utilize COS/QoS.

Voice services
As related to legacy telephone systems, COS is often used to define the permissions an extension will have on a PBX or Centrex. Certain groups of users may have a need for extended voicemail message retention while another group may need the ability to forward calls to a cell phone, and still others have no need to make calls outside the office. Permissions for a group of extensions can be changed by modifying a COS variable applied to the entire group.

COS is also used on trunks to define if they are full-duplex, incoming only, or outgoing only.

Classification of service
The term can be used generically to refer to the classification of network traffic within network equipment based on packet inspection. Cisco implements such classification through either access-lists or Network-Based Application Recognition (NBAR).  NBAR works with the existing QoS system.

References
 "Deploying IP and MPLS QoS for Multiservice Networks: Theory and Practice" by John Evans, Clarence Filsfils (Morgan Kaufmann, 2007, )
 Supporting differentiated classes of service in Ethernet passive optical networks, Glen Kramer, Biswanath Mukherjee, Sudhir Dixit, Yinghua Ye and Ryan Hirth

Teletraffic
Network architecture
Telephone exchanges
Programmer's key. The programmer's key, or interrupt button, is a button or switch on Classic Mac OS-era Macintosh systems, which jumps to a machine code monitor. The symbol on the button is ⎉: . On most 68000 family based Macintosh computers, an interrupt request can also be sent by holding down the command key and pressing the power key on the keyboard. This effect is also simulated by the 68000 environment of the Mac OS nanokernel on PowerPC machines and the Classic environment.

A plastic insert came with Macintosh 128K, Macintosh 512K, Macintosh Plus, and Macintosh SE computers that could be attached to the exterior of the case and was used to press an interrupt button located on the motherboard.

Modern Mac hardware no longer includes the interrupt button, as the Mac OS X operating system has integrated debugging options. In addition, Mac OS X's protected memory blocks direct patching of system memory (in order to better secure the system).

See also
 Interrupt
 Context switch
 MacsBug

References

External links
 

Debugging
Interrupts
Retargeting. In software engineering, retargeting is an attribute of software development tools that have been specifically designed to generate code for more than one computing platform.

Compilers
A retargetable compiler is a compiler that has been designed to be relatively easy to modify to generate code for different CPU instruction set architectures.  The history of this idea dates back to the 1950s when UNCOL was proposed as the universal intermediate language.  The Pascal P-compiler is an example of an early widely used retargetable compiler.

The cost of producing a retargetable compiler that generates code of similar quality to a non-retargetable compiler (i.e., one designed to only ever produce code for a single processor) is higher because it is not possible to make use of cpu specific details throughout all phases of compilation.  The benefits of a retargetable compiler is that the total cost over multiple CPUs is much lower than the combined cost of many individual non-targetable compilers.

Some retargetable compilers, e.g., GCC, became so widely ported and developed that they now include support for many optimizations and machine specific details that the quality of code often surpasses that of non-retargetable compilers on many CPUs.

A general-purpose global optimizer followed by machine-specific peephole optimization is a commonly used implementation technique.  The optimization of code for some high performance processors requires a detailed and specific knowledge of the architecture and how the instructions are executed.  Unless developers invest the large amount of time necessary to write a code generator specifically for an architecture, the optimizations performed by a retargetable compiler will only be those applicable to generic processor characteristics.

A retargetable compiler is a kind of cross compiler.
Often (but not always) a retargetable compiler is portable (the compiler itself can run on several different CPUs) and self-hosting.

Examples of retargetable compilers:
GCC
ACK
lcc
VBCC
Portable C Compiler
SDCC
LLVM
 The Small-C compiler
 MPG, the "machine-independent efficient microprogram generator"

Decompiler
retdec ("Retargetable Decompiler") is an open source retargetable machine-code decompiler based on LLVM.
 The decompiler is not limited to any particular target architecture, operating system, or executable file format:
 Supported file formats: ELF, PE, Mach-O, COFF, AR (archive), Intel HEX, and raw machine code.
 Supported architectures (currently 32bit only): Intel x86, ARM, MIPS, PIC32, and PowerPC.

Assemblers
Conversely, retargetable assemblers are capable of generating object files of different formats, which is useful in porting assembly language programs to various operating systems that run on the same CPU architecture (such as Windows and Linux on the x86 platform). NASM is one such assembler.

Further reading
A Retargetable C Compiler: Design and Implementation ()

References

External links
 LANCE compiler website
 The LLVM compiler infrastructure website
 The (open-source) ACK sourceforge page
 Nils Weller's C compiler page
 RetDec website

Compilers
Bhote Koshi Power Plant. The Bhote Koshi Power Plant (also known as Upper Bhote Koshi Project) is a run-of-the-river power plant in Sindhulpalchok District, Nepal.  It was constructed between 1997 and 2000 with power generation starting in January 2001. The project cost about US$98 million. The majority of finances was provided by Panda Energy International. The dam, located at , diverts water downstream into a  long head race tunnel which terminates into two penstocks that supply the two 22 MW Francis turbine-generators with water. The drop in elevation between the dam and power plant affords a normal hydraulic head of .

The installed capacity of the project is 45 MW, whereas it has a power purchase agreement (PPA) with Nepal Electricity Authority for generation of 36MW maximum. The PPA dictates how much the project can generate for each month of the Nepali Calendar.
During monsoon season (about three months each year) Bhote Koshi can operate at full installed capacity, with excess water still being spilt. During winter season however, power generation from the plant decreases drastically due to low river flows.

References

External links

Bhote Koshi Power Company Pvt. Ltd.

Dams completed in 2000
Energy infrastructure completed in 2001
Dams in Nepal
Hydroelectric power stations in Nepal
Run-of-the-river power stations
2000 establishments in Nepal
Buildings and structures in Sindhupalchowk District
9W. 9W or 9-W may refer to:

Transportation
 Jet Airways (former IATA code: 9W), a former Indian airline
 List of highways numbered 9W
 U.S. Route 9W, a highway in the states of New York & New Jersey
 New York State Route 9W
 Mississippi Highway 9W

Other uses
 9th meridian west (9°W), a longitude coordinate

See also 
 GE BB40-9W, locomotive
 C44-9W, a model of GE Dash 9-44CW locomotive
 C40-9W, a model of GE Dash 9-40CW locomotive
 Z-9W, a model of Harbin Z-9 a Chinese military helicopter
 W9 (disambiguation)
B9. B9, B IX or B-9 may refer to:

Science
 Prodelphinidin B9, a plant phenolic compound
 Vitamin B9, another name for folic acid
 B-Nine WSG, a formulation of the plant growth regulator daminozide
 Boron-9 (B-9 or 9B), an isotope of boron
 A subclass of B-class stars

Transport
 B9 (Croatia), a road part of the Istrian Y highway complex
 B9 (New York City bus) serving Brooklyn
 Bundesstraße 9, a federal highway in Germany
 Iran Airtour (IATA code B9)
Air Bangladesh (former IATA code B9)

Vehicles
 Bavarian B IX, an 1874 German steam locomotive model
 Bavarian B IX (Ostbahn), an 1869 German steam locomotive model
 Bensen B-9, a 1958 American small helicopter
 Boeing B-9 (sometimes referred to as the Y1B-9 or YB-9), a 1931 United States Army Air Corps bomber
 , a British Royal Navy B-class submarine
 LNER Class B9, a class of British steam locomotives 
 The former model name for the Subaru Tribeca

Organizations
 The abbreviation used for the record label Bridge Nine
 Bucharest Nine (B9), a group of nine NATO members: Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania and Slovakia

Other uses
 Iceberg B-9, a 1987 iceberg calved away from Antarctica
 Model B-9 on the TV series Lost in Space, otherwise known simply as “Robot (Lost in Space)“
 An international standard paper size (44×62 mm), defined in ISO 216

See also
 9B (disambiguation)
New fuchsine. New fuchsine is an organic compound with the formula [(H2N(CH3)C6H3)3C]Cl.  It is a green-colored solid that is used as a dye of the triarylmethane class.  It is one of the four components of basic fuchsine, and one of the two that are available as single dyes. The other is pararosaniline.  It is prepared by condensation of ortho-toluidine with formaldehyde.  This process initially gives the benzhydrol 4,4'-bis(dimethylamino)benzhydrol, which is further condensed to give the leuco (colorless) tertiary alcohol [(H2N(CH3)C6H3)3COH, which is oxidized in acid to give the dye.

Use as dye and stain
New fuchsine is used to dye polyacrylonitrile, paper, and leather. In biology, it can be used for staining acid-fast organisms, e.g. by Ziehl–Neelsen stain, and for making Schiff's reagent. As a primary amine, the dye can be diazotized in the laboratory, and the resulting diazonium salt used as a trapping agent in enzyme histochemistry.

Etymology
The name fuchsine recognizes Leonhart Fuchs.

See also 

 Fuchsine
 Pararosaniline

References

External links
 New Fuchsin - StainsFile

Triarylmethane dyes
IARC Group 2B carcinogens
Anilines
Carbocations
Hydrochlorides
TFX. TFX may refer to:

 TFX Program, a fighter aircraft requirement for the United States that led to the General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark
 TFX (video game), a combat flight simulation game (full title TFX: Tactical Fighter eXperiment)
 Tokyo Financial Exchange (TFX), a futures exchange for trading futures contracts
 TAI TFX, a proposed fighter aircraft for Turkish Air Force service
 TFX, a power supply specification
 TFX (TV channel), French TV channel, previously NT1
Frank Ostrowski. Frank Ostrowski (1960 – 2011) was a German programmer best known for his implementations of the BASIC programming language.

After his time with the German Federal Armed Forces, Frank Ostrowski was unemployed for three years. During this time, he developed Turbo-Basic XL for the Atari 8-bit computers. It was published in the German language Happy Computer Magazine in December 198 as Listing of the Month. Turbo-Basic XL is  both much faster and has more features than the standard  Atari BASIC.

He soon got a job with GFA Systemtechnik GmbH (at the time known as Integral Hydraulik) where he wrote GFA BASIC on the Atari ST which became one of the more popular BASICs on that platform.

Frank Ostrowski died in 2011 after a severe disease.

References

German computer programmers
Atari
2011 deaths
1960 births
BASIC programming language
Scalpel (disambiguation). A scalpel is a surgical instrument used for cutting.

Scalpel may also refer to:

 SCALPEL,  a laser-guided bomb produced by Lockheed Martin
 The Scalpel, a commercial skyscraper in London, United Kingdom
 Scalpel (film), a 1977 American thriller film
 Laser scalpel, a scalpel which uses a laser, not a blade, for cutting
 SS-24 Scalpel, an intercontinental ballistic missile
 Scalpel, a character in the Transformers film series
 "Scalpel", a song by Alice In Chains from The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here
Aichi Steel. ;  is a Japanese steel manufacturer. It is a member of the Toyota Group.

History
Aichi Steel was one of the earliest subsidiaries of the Toyota Group. Kiichiro Toyoda, the founder of Toyota, struggled to manufacture automobiles as the steel producers were uninterested to supply his small workshop with the steel sheets for automobiles. To address the problem, Toyoda bought his own furnace that provided his company with the casting expertise and forming equipment that would shape a car. This iron workshop became the precursor to Aichi Steel.

The company was established in 1934 as Aichi Seiko, the steel manufacturing department of Toyoda Automatic Loom Works, the predecessor to Toyota Industries. The company derived its name from Aichi Prefecture, where Toyota's headquarters and major production facilities are located. It became an independent company in 1940 and changed its name to its present one in 1945.

Today, Aichi Steel supplies 40% of the steel, springs and forged products for automotive use to members of the Toyota Group. This volume underscored Toyota's reliance on the partnership given the sophisticated nature of Aichi's manufacturing services, which few suppliers can replicate. In January 2016, a furnace explosion in one of Aichi's steel mills suspended production at Toyota's entire assembly plants for one week and threatened further disruptions to the company's operations for almost two months.

References

External links
Company website 
Company website 
 Wiki collection of company history books on Aichi Steel.

Steel companies of Japan
Titanium companies of Japan
Companies based in Aichi Prefecture
Companies listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange
Companies listed on the Nagoya Stock Exchange
Manufacturing companies established in 1940
Toyota Group
Japanese brands
Japanese companies established in 1940
GSE. GSE may refer to:

Commerce and finance 
 Ghana Stock Exchange
 Government-sponsored enterprise
 Guwahati Stock Exchange, in Assam, India

Education 
 Barcelona Graduate School of Economics
 Golden State Exams, in California, United States
 Stanford University Graduate School of Education

Technology 
 Fiat Global Small Engine, a class of automobile engine
 Generic Stream Encapsulation, a networking protocol
 Generic Substation Events, a networking standard
 Ground support equipment, every ground vehicle of an airport terminal
 GSE Systems, an American software developer
 XNA Game Studio Express, an integrated development environment

Other uses 
 Gaussian Symplectic ensemble
 General somatic efferent fibers
 Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia
 Georgian State Electrosystem
 Ghanaian Sign Language
 Gluten sensitive enteropathy
 Gothenburg City Airport, in Sweden
 Grape seed extract
 Grapefruit seed extract
 Great Soviet Encyclopedia
 Green Street Elite, a fictional football firm in the film Green Street

See also

 GGSE (disambiguation)
 GES (disambiguation)
 EGS (disambiguation)
 ESG (disambiguation)
 SEG (disambiguation)
 SGE (disambiguation)
Vismon. Vismon was the Bell Labs system which displayed authors' faces on one of their internal e-mail systems. The name was a pun  on the sysmon program used at Bell to show the load on computer systems. It can also be interpreted as "visual monitor". The system inspired Rich Burridge to develop the similar but more widespread faces system, which spread with Unix distributions in the 1980s.  This in turn inspired Steve Kinzler to develop the Picons, or personal icons, which have the goal of offering symbols and other images, as well as faces, to represent individuals and institutions in email messages.  Other systems such as the faces available on the LAN email functions of the NeXTSTEP platform also seem to have been influenced by the original Vismon capabilities. The faces program in Plan 9 is the direct descendant of this system.

Vismon was the work of Rob Pike and Dave Presotto. It was based on some early experiments by Luca Cardelli.  Many other scientists and engineers of the Computing Science Research Center of the  Murray Hill facility were also involved.  All had been spurred by the introduction in 1983 of the new Blit graphics terminal developed by Pike and Bart Locanthi and marketed by Teletype Corporation of Skokie, Illinois as the DMD 5620.  Pike was eager, along with his colleagues, to exploit the new graphic capabilities.

Pike and company went around their Center, convincing everybody, from directors and administrative assistants to engineers and scientists, to pose as they got out a 4×5 view camera with a Polaroid back and took black-and-white photos (Polaroid type 52) of their faces. Their efforts yielded nearly 100 faces, which they digitised with a scanner from graphics colleagues. They wrote several programs to transform the faces, store them and serve them on several machines at the lab. As time went by, they added faces from outside their Center and outside Bell Labs. This database also led to the pico image editor (originally named zunk) which was used for image transformations, many of them with colleagues as the preferred target.

The first programs built around vismon were used to announce incoming mail in a dedicated window, using the 48 by 48 pixel faces.  Later on the faces were also used to decorate line printer banners.

See also
X-Face

References

Notes
Pike, Rob and Presotto, Dave.  "Face the Nation".  USENIX Summer 1985 Conference Proceedings.  Portland Oregon 1985.
Holzmann, Gerard. "Beyond Photography - the digital darkroom". Prentice Hall, 1987.

Bell Labs
Face
Graphics software
Email
S7. S7 or S-7 may refer to:

Electronics and software
 Acer Aspire S7, a laptop
 Samsung Galaxy S7, a smartphone
 Samsung Galaxy Tab S7, a tablet computer 
 , an automation system based on Programmable Logic Controller from Siemens, successor to Simatic S5 PLC
 SPARC S7, a computer processor using the SPARC instruction set
 Sub7, a computer backdoor

Media
 Sovereign Seven, a superhero team and comic book published by DC Comics in 1995–1998
 Samurai 7, a 2004 anime series

Science and technology
 7-sphere (S7), an n-sphere
 Heptasulfur (S7), a cyclic allotrope of sulfur
 S7 or S-7, a grade of tool steel
 S7: Keep container tightly closed, a safety phrase in chemistry

Transportation

Air
 Ambrosini S.7, an Italian racing aircraft flown before World War II
 Rans S-7 Courier, a light aircraft
 S7 Airlines, a Russian commercial airline, its IATA Airlines code is also S7

Automobiles
 Audi S7, a German executive sports sedan
 BYD S7, a Chinese mid-size SUV formerly known as S6
 Haima S7, a Chinese compact SUV
 Huansu S7, a Chinese mid-size SUV
 JAC Refine S7, a Chinese mid-size SUV
 Saleen S7, an American supercar

Motorcycles
 Sunbeam S7, a British motorcycle

Rail

Trains
 London Underground S7 Stock, a type of train on London Underground, England
 Prussian S 7, a Prussian steam locomotives class

Lines
 S7 (Vienna), an S-Bahn line in Austria
 S7 (Berlin), an S-Bahn line in Germany
 S7 (Munich), an S-Bahn line in Germany
 S7 (Rhine-Main S-Bahn), an S-Bahn line in Germany
 S7 (Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn), an S-Bahn line in Germany
 S7 (St. Gallen S-Bahn), an S-Bahn line in Switzerland
 S7 (ZVV), an S-Bahn line in Zürich, Switzerland
 Capital Airport–Daxing Airport intercity railway, or Line S7, Beijing, China
 Line S7 (Nanjing Metro), China

Roads and routes

 County Route S7 (California)
 Expressway S7 (Poland)
 S7 Shanghai–Chongming Expressway
 Jinxiong Expressway, where its Tianjin section is numberred S7

Watercraft
 HMS Sealion (S07), a 1959 British Porpoise-class submarine
 USS S-7 (SS-112), a 1920 S-class submarine of the United States Navy

Other uses
 S7 (classification), a disability swimming classification
 S7 postcode, a postcode covering areas of southern Sheffield, England
 British NVC community S7, a swamps and tall-herb fens community in the British National Vegetation Classification system

See also
 7S (disambiguation)
STOS. STOS may refer to:

 STOS BASIC, a programming language for the Atari ST computer
 stos, an opcode mnemonic in X86 assembly language
 Secure Trusted Operating System Consortium
 Štós, a village in Slovakia

See also
 ST:TOS, an abbreviation for Star Trek: The Original Series (ST:OS)
 STO (disambiguation) for the singular of STOs
Dross. Dross is a mass of solid impurities floating on a molten metal or dispersed in the metal, such as in wrought iron. It forms on the surface of low-melting-point metals such as tin, lead, zinc or aluminium or alloys by oxidation of the metal. For higher melting point metals and alloys such as steel and silver, oxidized impurities melt and float making them easy to pour off.

With wrought iron, hammering and later rolling remove some dross.
With tin and lead the dross can be removed by adding sodium hydroxide pellets, which dissolve the oxides and form a slag. If floating, dross can also be skimmed off.

Dross, as a solid, is distinguished from slag, which is a liquid. Dross product is not entirely waste material; for example, aluminium dross can be recycled and is also used in secondary steelmaking for slag deoxidation.

Etymology and usage
The term dross derives from the Old English word dros, meaning the scum produced when smelting metals (extracting them from their ores). By the 15th century it had come to refer to rubbish in general. Dregs, and the geological term druse are also thought to be etymologically related. Popular non-metalworking uses of the word are derogatory:
poorly written or plagiarized journalism - "a dross article"; "utter/complete/terrible dross" (adjective/noun), a stronger term than filler 
undesirable, unprofitable work - "let's hone in on the lion's share and outsource the dross"; synonyms: corvée and drudgery which are growing archaisms in business (noun); as strong a term as dogsbody work

See also
Aluminium alloy inclusions
Slag

References

External links

AZoM.com – Aluminium Dross Recycling
 Herbert F. Lund. The McGraw-Hill recycling handbook. Chapter 37.23: United Kingdom: European Union Directive Precipitates Aluminum "Dross" Recycling.

Casting (manufacturing)
Metallurgy
Deoxidizers