omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Alfredo Juinio. Alfredo Lazarte Juinio was a civil engineer, educator, and public official of the Philippines. He served as the dean of the College of Engineering of the University of the Philippines. Alfredo Juinio Hall, the building that houses the National Engineering Center, is named after him.  He was once described as "one of the country's most brilliant engineers."

Education

In 1939, Juinio graduated cum laude with a degree in civil engineering from the University of the Philippines where he became a member of the Beta Epsilon Fraternity. He then attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, from which he obtained his master's degree in civil engineering.

Career and Works

Prior to serving as college dean, Professor Alfredo T. Juinio headed the UP Diliman Office of Campus Planning (also known as the Campus Planning Committee). Two of the projects he undertook during his term were the construction of C.P. Garcia Avenue and the UP Gateway at the University Avenue.

Juinio, together with other UP engineering professors, became the structural engineers of the first thin-shell concrete dome in the Philippines for the UP Catholic Chapel, otherwise known as the Parish of the Holy Sacrifice. The structure is the country's first circular church with the altar in the middle and has been declared a historical landmark and cultural treasure by the National Historical Institute and the National Museum, respectively.

Juinio was appointed as the Minister of Public Works and Highways, as well as the administrator of the National Irrigation Administration. During his term, he headed the Upper Pampanga River Multipurpose Projects in Pantabangan, Nueva Ecija.

From 1970 to 1979, Juinio served as the dean of the UP College of Engineering. During his term, he initiated the establishment of the National Engineering Center building, as well as the formation of the UP Engineering Research and Development Foundation, Inc. (UPERDFI). Juinio was elected as the first chairman of the board, and went on to serve as UPERDFI president for thirty years.

Juinio was also the co-founder of the DCCD Engineering Corporation and a consultant to various government agencies.

Awards

Meralco Award for Engineering and Applied Sciences, 1990
Most Distinguished Engineering Alumnus, given during the Diamond Jubilee of the UP College of Engineering, 1985
Most Outstanding Betan Award, given by the Beta Epsilon Fraternity, 1999

References

UP COE History. Retrieved on October 30, 2006.
A church of the people and history. Retrieved on October 30, 2006.
Parish of the Holy Sacrifice declared a National Treasure. Retrieved on October 30, 2006.
DCCD History. Retrieved on October 30, 2006.

Academic staff of the University of the Philippines
University of the Philippines alumni
20th-century Filipino engineers
Filipino educators
MIT School of Engineering alumni
Secretaries of public works and highways of the Philippines
Ferdinand Marcos administration cabinet members
Alvis Leonides Major. The Alvis Leonides Major is a British air-cooled 14-cylinder radial aero engine developed by Alvis from the earlier nine-cylinder Leonides.

Design and development

In 1951 Alvis started development of a 14-cylinder, two row radial of 1,118 cu in (18.3 L) displacement, based on the Leonides. Certification covered the Mk. 702/1 for aeroplanes at  and the 751/1 for helicopters at . The only numerous model of the Major was the Mk. 755/1, a medium supercharged, de-rated, obliquely mounted direct-drive and fan cooled engine fitted to the Westland Whirlwind Mks. 5, 6, 7 and 8.

Variants
Data from:British Piston Engines and their Aircraft.
Leonides Major 702/1
 for aeroplanes, also known as A.LE.M.1-1 in Air Ministry
Leonides Major 751/1
 for helicopters, also known as A.LE.M.1-2
Leonides Major 755/1
 for helicopters in a 35° canted mounting, also known as A.LE.M.1-6 and as Mk.155 in civil aircraft
Leonides Major 755/2
 for helicopters in a vertical mounting, also known as A.LE.M.1-6 and as Mk.160 in civil aircraft

Applications
 Bristol Type 173 Mk3 – 2x 755/1 (Mk.155) ; 2x 755/2 (Mk.160) 
 Handley Page HPR.5 Herald – four  702/1
 Westland Whirlwind 1x 755/1 (Mk.155) or 1x 755/2 (Mk.160)

Specifications (Leonides Major 702/1)

See also

References

Aircraft air-cooled radial piston engines
Leonides
1930s aircraft piston engines

de:Alvis Leonides
Sutton Mill Dam. The Sutton Mill Dam is a wildlife nature park and area of open water located in Sutton in the south of St Helens in Merseyside, England.  Sandwiched between Clock Face Road, Leach Lane, and Mill Lane, it measures 360 metres in length with a waterfall at its eastern end. The lake is formed from the Sutton Brook, which flows through Sutton from Chester Lane to Jackson Street and ultimately into the St Helens Canal.

In 1976, local residents formed the Sutton Mill Dam Action Group to campaign against plans to allow the site to become a dumping ground for industrial waste. As a result of the local community's efforts, the site was officially opened as a wildlife park in 1987 with natural recovery encouraged as opposed to artificial landscaping.

The success of the project was recognised on 24 May 1988, when Prince Charles visited Sutton Mill Dam to the delight of a crowd of 200 onlookers.

The Sutton Mill Dam is one of the most popular angling locations in St Helens containing roach, bream, gudgeon and carp and the East Sutton Angling Club hosts popular summer contests for young anglers.

Sutton Mill Dam  is owned by St Helens Council and a copy of the register of title can be obtained from HM Land Registry under title number MS184549.Land Register Online : Download Enquiry

References

External links
Sutton Beauty – A Photographic Appreciation of Sutton in St Helens

Parks and commons in St Helens, Merseyside
Final quality audit. The final quality audit (FQA) process, in the electronic hardware manufacturing world, is the last process flow before shipping a product.  This process is established to ensure the unit has gone through and passed all the manufacturing or test process and is in good quality.

This process not only includes visual checking of the unit (i.e. labels has been placed properly, no scratches, no dents, all LED/lights are functional) but also checks that the correct firmware and version plus configuration has been loaded properly.  It must power up according to specs as well.

There are cases where a separate out of the box audit (OBA) process is defined, but most of the time this can be combined as well.  OBA is just a visual check making sure that the unit has, again, the correct labels plus all the manuals or other parts that needs to ship with it is also inside the box.  Labels from the unit should also match the ones outside the box.

Besides checking good quality of the unit, this process also must ensure that none of the configuration will be touched. There are cases where a firmware tracks down the last power ON it had and thus leave some new information to the unit.  Although these changes are sometimes acceptable, a good test engineer should always plan a strategy along with the firmware developers to put a feature in place to reset this information.

See also
 Quality audit

References
Armand Vallin Feigenbaum. Total quality control: engineering and management McGraw-Hill, 1951 pg. 542

Quality control
Hardware testing
Canvas print. A canvas print is the result of an image printed onto canvas which is often stretched, or gallery-wrapped, onto a frame and displayed. Canvas prints are used as the final output in an art piece, or as a way to reproduce other forms of art.

Printing methods
Reproductions of original artwork have been printed on canvas for many decades using offset printing. Since the 1990s, canvas print has also been associated with either dye sublimation or inkjet print processes (often referred to as repligraph or giclée respectively). The canvas print material is generally cotton or plastic based poly canvas, often used for the reproduction of photographic images.

Digital printers capable of  producing canvas prints range from small consumer printers owned by the artist or photographer themselves up to large format printing service printers capable of printing onto canvas rolls measuring  or more. Digital files of artwork, paintings, photograph, or drawings may be sent directly to printing companies or Internet based printing services.

Stretcher mounted

One of the display methods is to trim the canvas to size and then glue or staple it to traditional stretcher bars or a wooden panel and display it in a frame, or frame-less in a gallery wrap. The stretchers are sometimes constructed from solid pine and underpinned for added strength. A print that is designed to continue around the edges of a stretcher frame once gallery-wrapped is referred to as full-bleed.

Uses for prints

Canvas prints are used as final output for fine art pieces or for reproduction of other types of two dimensional art (drawings, paintings, photograph, etc.).  

Canvas prints are often used as a cheaper alternative to framed artwork as there is no glazing required and the stretcher is not usually visible, so the prints do not need to be varnished or treated.

See also
 Shaped canvas
 Giclée
 Gallery wrap
 Watercolor paper
 Digital Printing

References

Printmaking
Photographic films
Double Eagle V. Double Eagle V was the first balloon to make a successful crossing of the Pacific Ocean. It launched from Nagashima, Japan on November 10, 1981, and landed in Mendocino National Forest in California 84 hours and 31 minutes later, travelling a record . The four-man crew consisted of Albuquerque balloonists Ben Abruzzo, Larry Newman, and Ron Clark, and thrill-seeking restaurateur Rocky Aoki, who helped fund the flight.  The helium-filled Double Eagle V spent four days crossing the Pacific before the balloon, weighed down by ice and buffeted by a storm, crash-landed in northern California, ending the nearly 6,000-mile flight. No one was hurt.  

Abruzzo and Newman had previously been two of the pilots of Double Eagle II, which in 1978 became the first balloon to cross the Atlantic.

Double Eagle V failed to attract the same degree of media attention as the earlier flight, in part because it was overshadowed by the concurrent Space Shuttle mission STS-2.

In January 2015, the crew of the Two Eagles Balloon completed a flight across the Pacific Ocean. On July 15, 2015, it was verified by the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale as having broken the distance record of the Double Eagle II.

References

Further reading

Individual balloons (aircraft)
Aviation in the Pacific Ocean
Aircraft first flown in 1981
Aircraft flown once
List of Japanese trainer aircraft during World War II. This is a List of trainer aircraft (練習機 Renshuu-ki - Trainer) the Japanese used during World War II.
Names in quotes are Allied code names for clarity for English speakers and do not reflect the Japanese usage.

Purpose-Built Trainers

Basic trainers
 Tachikawa Ki-24 Basic training glider
 Kokusai Ki-86/K9W1 "Cypress" (Bücker Bü 131 built under license)
 Tachikawa Ki-9 "Spruce"
 Tachikawa Ki-17 "Cedar"
 Kawanishi K8K Navy Type 0 Primary Trainer Seaplane
 Mitsubishi K3M Navy Type 90 "Pine" also used by Army as Ki-7
 Yokosuka K5Y Navy Type 93 "Willow"
 Tokyo Koku Ki-107

Advanced trainers
 Mansyu Ki-79 (1 or 2 seat version of Ki-27 fighter modified for training)
 Tachikawa Ki-55 "Ida" (Version of Ki-36 "Ida" modified for training)
 Tachikawa Ki-54 (Model b) "Hickory" (modified for training)
 Nakajima Ki-34 "Thora" (advanced flying and paratroop trainer)
 Kyushu K10W1 Oak Intermediate/Advanced Trainer and Target tug
 Mitsubishi K7M Multi-engine trainer
 Kyushu K11W Shiragiku Navy Operations Trainer
 Mitsubishi A5M A5M2-K "Claude" (2 seat version of fighter)
 Mitsubishi A6M Zero A6M5-K "Zero" (2 seat version of fighter)
 Aichi M6A1-K Nanzan Land based trainer version of Aichi M6A Seiran floatplane.

Combat Aircraft used as Trainers
Many of these were either obsolete types used as trainers, or for crew familiarization similar in concept to the British use of OTU/OCU units and are not strictly trainers.

Fighter trainers
 Nakajima Type 91 (NC)
 Kawasaki Ki-10 "Perry"
 Nakajima Ki-27 "Nate"
 Nakajima Ki-43 "Oscar"
 Nakajima Ki-44 Shoki "Tojo"
 Nakajima Ki-84 Hayate "Frank"
 Kawasaki Ki-61 Hien "Tony"
 Kawasaki Ki-100 Goshikisen
 Kawasaki Ki-45 Toryu "Nick" (Heavy Fighter)
 Yokoi (Ku) Ki-13 Shusui (Rocket/Jet)

Reconnaissance trainers
 Mitsubishi Ki-15 "Babs"
 Mitsubishi Ki-46 (II KAI) "Dinah"

Light bomber trainers
 Kawasaki Type 88 (KDA-2)
 Kawasaki Ki-3
 Nakajima Ki-4
 Mitsubishi Ki-30 "Ann"
 Kawasaki Ki-32 "Mary"
 Tachikawa Ki-36 "Ida"
 Kawasaki Ki-48 "Lily"
 Mitsubishi Ki-51 "Sonia"

Twin-engined bomber trainers
 Mitsubishi Ki-1
 Mitsubishi Ki-2 "Louise"
 Mitsubishi Ki-21 "Sally"
 Nakajima Ki-49 Donryu "Helen"
 Mitsubishi Ki-67 Hiryu "Peggy"

Transport trainers
 Kokusai Ki-59 "Theresa"
 Tachikawa Type LO "Thelma"

Imperial Japanese Army
Japan, training
Aircraft, trainer
John R. Ragazzini. John Ralph Ragazzini (January 3, 1912 – November 22, 1988) was an American electrical engineer and a professor of Electrical Engineering.

Biography
Ragazzini was born in Manhattan, New York City from Italian immigrants Luigi Ragazzini and Angelina Badelli  and received the degrees of B.S. and E.E. at the City College of New York in 1932 and 1933 and earned the degrees of A.M. and Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering at Columbia University in 1939 and 1941.

Ragazzini was dean of the School of Engineering and Science at New York University and during World War II he was chairman of the Department of Electrical Engineering at Columbia University, where he was involved in the Manhattan Project.  He also served as a technical aide for the National Defense Research Committee, supervising research in the fields of Ultra high frequency transmitters and receivers, Analog computers and control systems.

Ragazzini's notable students are Rudolf E. Kálmán (known for Kalman filters), Eliahu Ibraham Jury (known for Z-transform), Gene F. Franklin (known for digital control), James H. Mulligan Jr., and Lotfi Asker Zadeh (known for fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic).

Ragazzini is also credited, along with Lotfi Zadeh, in 1952, to have pioneered the development of the z-transform method in discrete-time signal processing and analysis. 

In 1970 he received the Rufus Oldenburger Medal. In 1979, American Automatic Control Council named John R. Ragazzini Award after Ragazzini and he was the first recipient of the award. Ragazzini died on 22 November 1988, aged 76.

See also
Control theory
Operational amplifier

References

External links 
 John R. Ragazzini's Obituary in New York Times

1912 births
1988 deaths
American people of Italian descent
American control theorists
Polytechnic Institute of New York University faculty
Columbia School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
Common Component Architecture. The Common Component Architecture (CCA) was a standard for Component-based software engineering used in high-performance also known as scientific) computing. Features of the Common Component Architecture that distinguish it from commercial component standards Component Object Model, CORBA, Enterprise JavaBeans include support for Fortran programmers, multi-dimensional data arrays, exotic hardware and operating systems, and a variety of network data transports not typically suited for wide area networks.

Common Component Architecture activity appears to have ceased, with no news on the webpage since 2006.

External links 
 Common Component Architecture Forum

Software architecture
Component-based software engineering
Nierenstein reaction. The Nierenstein reaction is an organic reaction describing the conversion of an acid chloride into a haloketone with diazomethane. It is an insertion reaction in that the methylene group from the diazomethane is inserted into the carbon-chlorine bond of the acid chloride.

Reaction mechanism
The reaction proceeds through a diazonium salt intermediate formed by displacement of the chloride with diazomethyl anion.

If excess diazomethane is present during the reaction, it can act as a base, abstracting a hydrogen from the diazonium-salt intermediate. The result is a neutral diazoketone, which does not react with the chloride. Instead, the byproduct, diazonium-methyl from the other diazomethane molecule, can be attacked by the chloride to produce chloromethane. The unreactive diazoketone can be re-activated and reacted by treatment with hydrogen chloride to give the normal Nierenstein product.

In some cases, even limiting the amount of diazomethane gives a reaction process that stalls via the neutral diazoketone pathway, requiring the addition of HCl gas to rescue it.

Scope
One original 1924 Nierenstein reaction:

and a reaction starting from benzoyl bromide going haywire with formation of the dioxane dimer:

See also 
 Maximilian Nierenstein
 Curtius rearrangement
 Wolff rearrangement
 Arndt–Eistert reaction: where acid chlorides react with diazomethane to give chain extended carboxylic acids via a rearrangement

References

Substitution reactions
Name reactions
Titanium in Africa. Titanium mining in Africa has been beset by environmental problems due to the polluting nature of processing rutile, a principal titanium ore.  The extraction and refinement of rutile often lead to the release of heavy metals and other contaminants, impacting soil, water, and air quality. Titanium production in Africa is concentrated in the following principal countries and companies.

Mining in Africa
Africa
Mining in Kenya
Mining in Mozambique
Mining in Sierra Leone
Mining in South Africa
GAMA Industry. GAMA Industry, established in 1970, is the construction arm of the Turkish company Gama Group, founded 1959. Gama Industry specializes in the turnkey construction of industrial facilities, including thermal power plants, refineries, petrochemical plants, hydroelectric power plants, water and wastewater treatment systems, cement factories and pipelines, installation of mechanical/electrical equipment and instrumentation and the construction of high-rise buildings, business and shopping complexes, residences, tourism facilities, social and cultural facilities, health facilities, dams, underground transportation systems and utilities.

History

In the early 1970s, Gama extended its operations beyond Turkey, completing projects in Iran, Iraq, Jordan, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Russia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan and Libya.

Gama Industry's steel construction and boiler manufacturing plants produce heavy steel construction elements, industrial steam boilers, pressure vessels and specialised equipment for industrial facilities.

The paid-in capital of Gama Industrial Plants Manufacturing and Erection, Inc. is YTL 54,000,000.

Pay scandal in Ireland
GAMA came to public prominence in Ireland when their subsidiary GAMA Construction Ireland was revealed to be paying Turkish workers in the Republic of Ireland €2.20 per hour and working illegal overtime. GAMA were given money for the full wages of workers as part of State contracts (€12.96 an hour), but paid only €2.20 (17%) to their workers, leaving the remainder in Dutch bank accounts which GAMA had access to. GAMA were exposed by Socialist Party elected representatives Mick Murphy and Joe Higgins in the spring of 2005. After a successful strike by its workers, there was a settlement, under which GAMA paid workers all their regular pay at full rates and came to a negotiated settlement on the overtime.

The strike was the subject of a 2006 documentary produced by Frameworks Films.

Disi Water Conveyance Project

GAMA is currently engaged in a project to build a system to pump 100 million cubic meters of water per year 325 kilometers from 55 wells in the Disi Aquifer to Amman, Jordan.  Because GAMA significantly contributed to the project funding, the firm will have ownership of the project for the first 25 years after completion, after which ownership will transfer to the Jordanian government.

References

External links
GAMA website (English)
Irish High Court Judgement on the case
RTÉ News coverage exposing low wages
RTÉ News coverage of Dutch bank accounts

Construction and civil engineering companies of Turkey
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1970
Turkish companies established in 1970
Saturn-Shuttle. The Saturn-Shuttle was a preliminary concept of launching the Space Shuttle orbiter using a modified version of the first stage of the Saturn V rocket. It was studied and considered in 1971–1972.

Description 
An interstage would be fitted on top of the S-IC stage to support the external tank in the space occupied by the S-II stage in the Saturn V. It was an alternative to the SRBs.

Some studies proposed the addition of wings (and some form of landing gear) to the S-IC stage, which would allow the booster to fly back to the Kennedy Space Center, where technicians would then refurbish the booster (by replacing only the five F-1 engines and reusing the tanks and other hardware for later flights).

The Shuttle would handle space station logistics, while the Saturn V would launch components. This would have allowed the International Space Station, using a Skylab or Mir configuration with both U.S. and Russian docking ports, to have been lifted with just a handful of launches.  However, it was ultimately rejected on basis of cost.

See also
Buran programme
Boeing X-20 Dyna-Soar
X-37
Dream Chaser
List of launch vehicle designs

References

Further reading

External links
 
 Saturn Shuttle with Flyback Booster, video rendering by Hazegrayart

Apollo program
Space Shuttle program
Cancelled space launch vehicles
Saturn V
Lee Jang-moo. Lee Jang-Moo (Korean: 이장무, Hanja: 李長茂, born May 14, 1945) is a professor of Seoul National University in the department of Mechanical Engineering and the current president of Seoul National University since July 2006.

References

Living people
1945 births
Seoul National University alumni
Iowa State University alumni
Academic staff of Seoul National University
Presidents of Seoul National University
Members of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Korea
South Korean engineers