omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Cabinet Gorge Dam. Cabinet Gorge Dam is a concrete gravity-arch hydroelectric dam in the northwest United States, on the Clark Fork River in northern Idaho.  The dam is located just west of the Montana border and the Cabinet Gorge Reservoir extends into Montana, nearly to Noxon Rapids Dam. The purpose of the dam is for hydroelectricity.

Construction

Construction began in 1951 by the Morrison–Knudsen Corporation, with groundbreaking ceremonies on April 1.

The Clark Fork River had to be diverted with two coffer dams and speed was necessary because spring flooding threatened the river diversion and coffer dam integrity.  Thirty-two tons of dynamite was used to blast  of rock from the canyon walls in order to prep the construction site. Water was diverted through two  tunnels, and a  of earth was excavated from the site overall. Construction on the dam was completed in 1952 in half the estimated time.

The dam is currently owned and operated by the power company Avista, formerly Washington Water Power.

On August 13, 2017, a train derailment dumped more than 3,500 tons of coal on the Cabinet Gorge Reservoir riverbank between Noxon and Heron, Montana.

See also

List of dams in the Columbia River watershed

References

External links

Buildings and structures in Bonner County, Idaho
Dams in Idaho
United States power company dams
Hydroelectric power plants in Idaho
Arch-gravity dams
Dams completed in 1952
Dams on the Clark Fork
Energy infrastructure completed in 1952
Historic American Engineering Record in Idaho
Boundary Dam. Boundary Dam is a concrete arch gravity-type hydroelectric dam, finished in 1967, on the Pend Oreille River, in the U.S. state of Washington. The dam is located in the northeast corner of Washington state. It is operated by Seattle City Light  and makes up a significant portion of the City of Seattle's energy portfolio. On average, it provides upwards of 46% of the power generated by Seattle City Light. Boundary Powerhouse, located adjacent to the dam, is completely built inside of the rock that makes up the left abutment of the dam itself. It has a nameplate capacity of just over 1 gigawatt of generation.  The component of the hydroelectric project were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2018.

The 1997 film The Postman was partially filmed at the dam. A facade of the town (Bridge City in the film) appeared on the face of the dam for a period of time that year.

Climate

See also

List of dams in the Columbia River watershed

References

Dams in Washington (state)
Seattle City Light dams
Hydroelectric power plants in Washington (state)
Buildings and structures in Pend Oreille County, Washington
United States power company dams
Dams completed in 1967
Energy infrastructure completed in 1967
Dams on the Pend Oreille River
Arch-gravity dams
National Register of Historic Places in Pend Oreille County, Washington
Dams on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington (state)
1967 establishments in Washington (state)
Henry Leroy Transtrom. Henry Leroy Transtrom (1885–1951) was an American inventor and showman who worked with high voltage electricity. His book, Electricity at High Pressures and Frequencies, (1913) is still used as a guide for constructing homemade Tesla coils.

Transtrom was best known for his dramatic stunts and performances with high frequency, high voltage electricity from a Tesla coil. For his "Lightning Man" demonstrations, he stood on a large Tesla coil which made sparks (electrical discharges) come out from his outstretched fingertips.

Death
There is a long-standing rumour that Transtrom was electrocuted during one of his demonstrations when one of these long sparks reached the primary coil of the device, thus coupling and drawing enough current to kill him, making him one of only three people to have been killed by a Tesla coil.
No source has been found for where this rumour originated; it had been passed around among Tesla coil hobbyists for years. In 2010 a blogger received an email from Tamara Zizzo, Mr. Transtrom's great-granddaughter, stating that the story was false, and that he died from leukemia with his daughter, Edith Transtrom (Holm) at his bedside.

References 

1885 births
1951 deaths
C. J. Strike Dam. C. J. Strike Dam is an earth-fill type hydroelectric dam in the western United States, on the Snake River in southwestern Idaho. Located just below the Bruneau River confluence near Grand View, its impoundment extends  up the Snake River and  up the Bruneau River.

Named after Clifford J. Strike, the general manager of Idaho Power Company from 1938 to 1948, the dam's powerplant has a nameplate capacity of 82.8 MW.

Due to the poor fish passage performance of Swan Falls Dam, the C.J. Strike Dam, upriver from Swan Falls, was built without fish passage facilities. Thus the two dams combined became the first artificial barrier to anadromous fish migration up the Snake River. Today, Hells Canyon Dam (1967) is the first total barrier to fish migration on the Snake.

Surrounding the dam and its reservoir are a number of campgrounds, boat launches, docks, and hiking trails. It is a popular destination for fishermen. Trout, Small and Large Mouth Bass, Crappie, Perch, Bluegill, Sturgeon and many other kinds of fish can be caught in the waters around the dam. Fishing tournaments are held there during the season.

As of 2009, many of the campgrounds surrounding the dam have been improved, adding designated RV camp sites, docks, improving accessibility, parking, and the restrooms in the many campgrounds.

See also

List of dams in the Columbia River watershed

References

Dams in Idaho
Reservoirs in Idaho
Buildings and structures in Elmore County, Idaho
Hydroelectric power plants in Idaho
Buildings and structures in Owyhee County, Idaho
Idaho Power dams
Dams completed in 1952
Energy infrastructure completed in 1952
Dams on the Snake River
1952 establishments in Idaho
JNR Class ED62. The  was a Bo-1-Bo wheel arrangement DC electric locomotive type formerly operated in Japan from 1974 until 2002 by Japanese National Railways (JNR) and later by JR Freight.

History

The Class ED62 locomotives were created between 1974 and 1979 by modifying the 18 earlier JNR Class ED61 Bo-Bo electric locomotives with the addition of a center non-driven axle. Rebuilding was carried out at JNR's Nagano Works. The primary aim of rebuilding was to reduce the axle load (from 15 t to 13 t) for use on the Iida Line, where the class displaced vintage  (English Electric) and JNR Class ED19 (Westinghouse) locomotives, and later JNR Class EF10 locomotives.

One highlight of the class's career was when ED62 15 hauled the Imperial Train on the Iida Line in 1979. It was also not uncommon to see ED62s close to Tokyo when they worked to Shin-Tsurumi Depot for examinations.

Eight members of the class were still in service in 1987 when JNR was split into separate JR Group companies, and ED62 17 was repainted into the new JR Freight livery shortly after. When freight operations ceased on the Iida Line in 1997, the remaining locomotives were placed in storage before finally being withdrawn in 2002.

Build details

Preserved examples
Three Class ED62 locomotives were preserved; however, these had all since been scrapped.
 ED62 1 JR East Nagano depot - scrapped in February 2016
 ED62 14 Sakuma Rail Park - scrapped in July 2010 after closure of the museum
 ED62 17 Stored at JR East's Omiya works (standard blue livery) - scrapped in early March 2021

See also
 Japan Railways locomotive numbering and classification

References

 

Electric locomotives of Japan
1067 mm gauge locomotives of Japan
Bo-1-Bo locomotives
1500 V DC locomotives
Scrapped locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1974
Rebuilt locomotives
Program-associated data. Program Associated Data (PAD) or Program Service Data (PSD) is the data displayed on many HD Radio and satellite radio receivers. It can describe the program being transmitted and other information such as the name of the song, the artist and the genre of music. Using a feature known as “SlideShow”, it can also transport images that are displayed synchronized with the audio channel.

The HD radio and satellite systems provides a data path for this programming data to be delivered and read by the listener in near real time. HD radio and satellite radio receivers provide PAD decoders and visual screens for displaying the information.

PAD is different from Radio Data System (RDS) which is only used on analog stations.

References

Broadcast engineering
Radio technology
Israeli Nano Satellite Association. The Israeli Nano Satellite Association was set up in Israel in 2006, with the aim of promoting the use of nanosatellites (very small artificial satellites).

History 
In 2004 a group of young space engineers and scientists from leading companies and universities in Israel, started studying nanosatellites constellations and applications. 
INSA - the Israeli Nano Satellite Association was founded in 2006 by this group.

Mission 
INSA's mission is to promote the usage of nanosatellites in Israel for various academic and commercial purposes. INSA is also dedicated to promoting space education, technology and science awareness throughout Israel by leading civil nanosatellites projects.

INSA aspires to be involved in every nanosatellite project in Israel.

INSA projects 

 Nanosatellites Accurate Positioning System (NAPS) is a constellation of nanosatellites that are used to find accurate position, the concept was first presented in Tel Aviv University, evoked great responses and triggered the interest of the Israeli space industry in nanosatellites.
 Space Qualification and Heritage Nanosatellites (SQHN). As part of the SQHN project, INSA started construction on two nanosatellites (INSAT-1 and INSAT-2), weighing less than 10 kg each, carrying novel components developed by Israeli Hi-tech companies such as Rokar, Accubeat and Ramonchips. INSA planned to launch the satellites on a Dnepr rocket launcher from Baikonur by the end of 2008.
 In January 2011 INSA completed development of the first Israeli-made satellite designed for experimental work in space. Named as InKlajn-1, it was intended for launch in 2011 or 2012, and weighed about 1.5kg.

International activities
INSA is also an official sponsor of CUSAT, a Cornell university satellite project, along with NASA, AFRL, AGI, Boeing, LORAL, ORBITAL, AIAA and many others. The professional support of INSA experts was one of the reasons for the Cornell team selection out of 11 different projects to be fully funded (selection done by the AFRL). In the future, INSA will continue supporting CUSAT team and will provide ground receiving services with the collaboration of ASRI ground station.

INSA is also the Israeli representative of Pumpkin who is a manufacturer of CubeSat kits.

Events 
On May 15, 2007, INSA held the first Israeli symposium on nanosatellites, in IAF House in Herzliya.

On January 31, 2008, INSA held the second Israeli symposium on nanosatellites, as part of the Israeli 3rd International Space Convention.  It took place in IAF House in Herzliya.

See also
Science and technology in Israel

References

External links
 INSA site
 Papers from the first Israeli symposium on Nano-Satellites

Space program of Israel
RS-423. RS-423, also known as TIA/EIA-423, is a technical standard originated by the Electronic Industries Alliance that specifies electrical characteristics of a digital signaling circuit. Although it was originally intended as a successor to RS-232C offering greater cable lengths, it is not widely used.

RS-423 systems can transmit data on cables as long as . It is closely related to RS-422, which used the same signaling systems but on a different wiring arrangement: RS-423 differed primarily in that it had a single return pin instead of one for each data pin.

RS-423 specifies an unbalanced (single-ended) interface, similar to RS-232, with a single, unidirectional sending driver, and allowing for up to 10 receivers. It is normally implemented in integrated circuit technology and can also be employed for the interchange of serial binary signals between DTE & DCE.

Standard scope
RS-423 is the common short form title of American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standard ANSI/TIA/EIA-423-B Electrical Characteristics of Unbalanced Voltage Digital Interface Circuits and its international equivalent ITU-T Recommendation T-REC-V.10, also known as X.26. These technical standards specify the electrical characteristics of the unbalanced voltage digital interface circuit. RS-423 provides for data transmission, using unbalanced or single-ended signals, with unidirectional/non-reversible, terminated or non-terminated transmission lines, point to point, or multi-drop.

Characteristics 

RS-423 is closely related to the RS-422 standard, both of which use the same overall signaling system, but differ in that RS-422 has a dedicated return line for every data pin, while RS-423 uses a single return line. Use of a common ground is one weakness of RS-423 (and RS-232): if devices are far enough apart or on separate power systems, the ground will degrade between them and communications will fail, resulting in a condition that is difficult to trace.

RS-423 specifies the electrical characteristics of a single unbalanced signal. The standard was written to be referenced by other standards that specify the complete DTE/DCE interface for applications which require a unbalanced voltage circuit to transmit data.

These other standards would define protocols, connectors, pin assignments and functions. Standards such as EIA-530 (DB-25 connector) and EIA-449 (DC-37 connector) use RS-423 electrical signals.

Applications 
The BBC Micro computer uses RS-423 with a 5-pin DIN connector. DEC used it extensively with a Modified Modular Jack connector. This was sometimes called "DEC-423".

See also
 Electronic Industries Alliance
 RS-485
 Profibus
 Fieldbus
 List of network buses

References

Further reading

 RS-423 specification
 Diagram of pin connections for BBC micro

Serial buses
EIA standards
Israel Borovich. Israel Borovich (born June 30, 1941 in Tel Aviv) is the former CEO and chairman of the Board of EL AL. He is also a Professor Emeritus of Tel Aviv University. He graduated from NYU Poly with degrees in industrial engineering.

He has been heavily involved in investment companies such as being Chairman of Granit Hacarmel Investments Ltd., Nativei Aylon Ltd. and Sonol Israel Ltd., an investment management company and Deputy Chairman of K'nafaim Holdings Ltd. From 1988 to 2004 he was also engaged in Knafaim-Arkia Holdings Ltd.

References

Polytechnic Institute of New York University alumni
Israeli chief executives
Living people
1941 births
University of California alumni
Israeli twins
Businesspeople from Tel Aviv
Geek Pride Day. Geek Pride Day is an initiative to promote geek culture, celebrated annually on May 25.

The initiative originated in Spain in 2006 as () and spread around the world via the Internet.

Origins
Tim McEachern organized unconnected events called Geek Pride Festival and/or Geek Pride Day 1998 to 2000 at a bar in Albany, New York, which are sometimes seen as a prelude to Geek Pride Day.

Dick Morley, a "father" of the programmable logic controller, organised Geek Pride Days at The Barn, his retreat in New Hampshire, as early as 2001. He describes it in his book, Techshock – Future under repair  (ISA, 2009). He held them on the longest day of the year and he wrote of Geek Pride Day (Or Outing Engineers in the Bush!) on page 19.

In 2006, the Spanish blogger Germán Martínez known online as señor Buebo organized the first celebration. The day was celebrated for the first time in Spain and on the Internet, drawing attention from mainstream media. The biggest concentration took place in Madrid, where 300 geeks demonstrated their pride together with a human Pac-Man. A manifesto was created to celebrate the first Geek Pride Day, which included a list of the basic rights and responsibilities of geeks.

2008
In 2008, Geek Pride Day was officially celebrated in the U.S., where it was heralded by numerous bloggers, coalescing around the launch of the Geek Pride Day website.  Math author, Euler Book Prize winner, and geek blogger John Derbyshire announced that he would be appearing in the Fifth Avenue parade on the prime number float, dressed as number 57.

See also
Towel Day – celebrated on the same date since 2001
Star Wars Day
Pi Day
Glorious Twenty-fifth of May

References

External links
Orgullofriki.com (Spanish)

May observances
Nerd culture
Recurring events established in 2006
International observances
Unofficial observances
Gilbert Baumslag. Gilbert Baumslag (April 30, 1933 – October 20, 2014) was a Distinguished Professor at the City College of New York, with joint appointments in mathematics, computer science, and electrical engineering.  He was director of the Center for Algorithms and Interactive Scientific Software, which grew out of the MAGNUS computational group theory project he also headed.  Baumslag was also the organizer of the New York Group Theory Seminar.

Baumslag graduated from the University of the Witwatersrand in South Africa with a B.Sc. Honours (Masters) and D.Sc. He earned his Ph.D. from the University of Manchester in 1958; his thesis, written under the direction of Bernhard Neumann, was titled Some aspects of groups with unique roots. His contributions include the Baumslag–Solitar groups and parafree groups.

Baumslag was a visiting scholar at the Institute for Advanced Study in 1968–69. In 2012, he became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society.

Works
 Gilbert Baumslag, Groups with the same lower central sequence as a relatively free group. I. The groups, Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 129 (1967), 308–321. 
 Gilbert Baumslag, Groups with the same lower central sequence as a relatively free group. II. Properties, Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 142 (1969), 507–538. 
  Gilbert Baumslag and Donald Solitar, Some two-generator one-relator non-Hopfian groups, Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society 68 (1962), 199–201.

Notes

External links
  Gilbert Baumslag, at CCNY
 Center for Algorithms and Interactive Scientific Software , at CCNY
New York Group Theory Seminar, at The CUNY Graduate Center

20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
Group theorists
City College of New York faculty
1933 births
2014 deaths
Alumni of the University of Manchester
University of the Witwatersrand alumni
Institute for Advanced Study visiting scholars
Fellows of the American Mathematical Society
Shimose powder. was a type of explosive shell-filling developed by the Japanese naval engineer  (1860–1911).

Shimose, born in Hiroshima Prefecture, graduated from Tokyo Imperial University and became one of Japan's earliest holders of a doctorate in engineering. In 1887, the Imperial Japanese Navy hired him as a chemical engineer, and from 1899 he headed a research unit tasked with developing a more powerful type of shell-filling for use by naval artillery.

Shimose developed a new explosive based on picric acid – already used by France in the form of Melinite and by Britain in the form of Lyddite. Picric acid has an instability problem when in contact with iron or other heavy metals, so the French mixed it with collodion and the British mixed it with dinitrobenzene and vaseline to form compounds for stability within gun shells.  On the other hand, Shimose coated the inside of a shell with unpigmented Japanese lacquer and further sealed it with wax to prevent his powder from coming into contact with the metal shell.  Because it was undiluted, the explosive generated more heat and blast speed than any other high explosive available at the time. The Imperial Japanese Navy adopted Shimose powder, with its composition treated as top secret, from 1893 – not only for naval artillery but also for naval mines, depth charges and torpedo warheads. It played an important role in the Japanese victory in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904 to 1905.

See also
Armstrong's mixture

References

Explosives
Powders
Avro 641 Commodore. The Avro 641 Commodore was a British single-engine five-seat cabin biplane built by Avro in the mid-1930s for private use. A total of only six were built, including the prototype.

Design and development
After building the three seat Avro 639 Cabin Cadet, Avro then designed a larger, five seat cabin biplane, the Avro 641 Commodore. The Commodore had a similar steel tube structure to the Tutor, with heavily staggered single bay wings and a spatted undercarriage. The first Commodore was delivered to its owner on 24 May 1934.

Operational history
Only six Commodores were built, with one being sold to the Maharajah of Vizianagram. This was found to be unsuitable for Indian conditions and was returned to Britain and scrapped. Two were sold to private owners in Egypt and were later taken over by the Egyptian Army Air Force.

The two Commodores that remained in service in England on the outbreak of World War II were impressed into service with the Royal Air Force and the Air Transport Auxiliary. One crashed fatally in 1941, with the last being struck off charge in 1942.

Operators

Egyptian Army Air Force

Air Transport Auxiliary
Royal Air Force

Specifications (Commodore)

See also

References

1930s British civil utility aircraft
Commodore
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1934
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Wizard: The Life and Times of Nikola Tesla. The book Wizard, the Life and Times of Nikola Tesla is a biography of Nikola Tesla by Marc J. Seifer published in 1996.

Contents
Seifer follows the life of Nikola Tesla, the Serbian American  electrical and mechanical engineer. He covers the high points of Tesla's life through his designs used in the modern alternating current system, experimentation with high frequency current and wireless power transmission, wireless remote control, X-ray imaging, and Tesla's "death ray". Seifer goes on to cover Tesla's downfall, attributing it to Tesla's megalomaniacal, neurotic, self-destructive tendencies, and Tesla's interactions with financier J. Pierpont Morgan.

Seifer based his book largely on primary sourced documents including Tesla's writings and patents. Also including papers of Tesla's in the Tesla archives in Yugoslavia as well as manuscripts in the United States. Seifer filed Freedom of Information Act requests to get documents from the FBI and other United States government agencies.

Citations to the work
These publications have cited this book.
 Jasmina Vujic, Eng 24 Nikola Tesla: The Genius Who Lit the World
 Fred Nadis, New world orders. 
 Katherine Krumme, Mark Twain and Nikola Tesla: Thunder and Lightning
 Fred Nadis (2001). Of Horses, Planks, and Window Sleepers. Journal of Medical Humanities.
 Marc J Seifer, Nikola Tesla and John Jacob Astor

See also
Other works about, or by, Nikola Tesla:
Tesla: Man Out of Time
Prodigal Genius
The Man Who Invented the Twentieth Century
The Inventions, Researches, and Writings of Nikola Tesla
Colorado Springs Notes, 1899–1900
My Inventions: The Autobiography of Nikola Tesla

Notes

Further reading
 Margaret Cheney, (2001). Tesla: Man Out of Time. 400 pages.
 Margaret Cheney, Robert Uth, Jim Glenn (1999). Tesla, Master of Lightning. 184 pages.
 Carol Dommermuth-Costa (1994). Nikola Tesla: A Spark of Genius. 128 pages.
 Thomas Valone (2002). Harnessing the Wheelwork of Nature: Tesla's Science of Energy. 288 pages.

1998 non-fiction books
Books about Nikola Tesla