omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Bernard Budiansky. Bernard Budiansky (; 8 March 1925 – 23 January 1999) was an American scholar in the field of applied mechanics, and made seminal contributions to the mechanics of structures and mechanics of materials.  He was a recipient of the Timoshenko Medal.

Biography
Budiansky was born in New York City on March 8, 1925, to Russian immigrant parents, Louis and Rose (Chaplick) Budiansky. Upon obtaining a Bachelor of Civil Engineering degree from City College of New York in 1944 when he was barely over 19, he became an aeronautical research scientist at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA, forerunner to NASA) at Langley Field, Virginia.

He took an educational leave from NACA to enroll in 1947 in the graduate program in applied mathematics at Brown University, completing his Ph.D. in 1950 with a dissertation entitled Fundamental Theorems and Consequences of the Slip Theory of Plasticity. He returned to Langley in 1950 and, in 1952, was appointed Head of the Structural Mechanics Branch. He joined the faculty of Harvard in 1955.

He made widely cited contributions on the way that fissures and joints in rocks affect the propagation of seismic waves, which has become a standard basis for inferring rock properties in the Earth, and contributed to understanding stressing and deformation in the inflation of the human lung.

His work of the later years was focused on problems in the domain of materials science, explaining mechanical properties of solids in terms of microscopic mechanisms. He referred to this important area as "micromechanics". He was one of its pioneers, and contributed to explanation of the fracture of ductile metals and the toughening of normally brittle ceramics and composite materials.

Budiansky won many honors including the AIAA 1970 Dryden Research Lecturer; CCNY 1974 Townsend Harris Medal; ASCE 1982 von Karman Medal; Society of Engineering Science 1985 Eringen Medal; ASME 1989 Timoshenko Medal. He received honorary doctorates from Northwestern University 1986 and Technion Israel Institute of Technology. In addition he was a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences; and the Danish Center for Applied Mathematics and Mechanics. Professional affiliations included: ASCE, ASME, AIAA, and AGU.

Bernard Budiansky died January 23, 1999, at his home in Lexington, Massachusetts, aged 73. He was survived by his wife and two sons, one of whom is writer Stephen Budiansky.

See also
Mechanicians	
Applied mechanics

References

External links
 
James R. Rice, "Bernard Budiansky", Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences (2008)
Acceptance speech upon receiving the Timoshenko Medal
Faculty of Arts and Sciences - Memorial Minute

1925 births
1999 deaths
People from Lexington, Massachusetts
Brown University alumni
Harvard University faculty
Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
Scientists from New York City
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
ASME Medal recipients
Engineers from New York City
20th-century American engineers
Airbus Helicopters, Inc.. Airbus Helicopters, Inc. (AHI) is a subsidiary of Airbus Americas, Inc., the United States subsidiary of Airbus SAS, itself a subsidiary of the Dutch company Airbus SE. Airbus Helicopters manufactures and markets a broad range of civil helicopters. With large facilities in Texas and Mississippi and service centers throughout the country, Airbus Helicopters, Inc. has a U.S. footprint of over 860,000 square feet (79,900 m2) and controls over 50% of the U.S. market.

History
The company's history goes back to the now-defunct LTV Corporation. In 1968, Vought Helicopter Inc. (VHI), a subsidiary of LTV, built a facility at the Grand Prairie Municipal Airport in Grand Prairie, Texas, for the purpose of marketing helicopters to North America built by Aérospatiale, the French helicopter manufacturer. However, six years later Aérospatiale bought out VHI and took over its own marketing; two years later it changed VHI's name to Aérospatiale Helicopter Corporation (AHC). In 1980, AHC built its current Grand Prairie facility.

In 1992, DASA of Germany and Aérospatiale merged to form Eurocopter; AHC would become American Eurocopter.

In 2004, the facility in Columbus, Mississippi was opened and in 2006, became the manufacturing facility and home for the U.S. Army's UH-72A Lakota helicopter. The company was renamed Airbus Helicopters, Inc. on January 2, 2014.

US production plants
Airbus Helicopters produces helicopters at two production plants in the US.
 Grand Prairie, Texas
 Grand Prairie serves as the headquarters and main facility for Airbus Helicopters. It is adjacent to Grand Prairie Municipal Airport.
 Grand Prairie also serves as the Airbus Helicopters Training facility for North America with classrooms and full-motion simulators.
 Columbus, Mississippi
 The recently constructed Columbus plant handles repairs, upgrades and customizations of all Airbus Helicopters models. It is located on the Golden Triangle Regional Airport.
 The Columbus facility is also the home of the UH-72A Lakota (military EC145), the new Army helicopter.
Beginning in 2014, Airbus Helicopters will upgrade the Columbus Plant to a final assembly and test site for AS350 helicopters. The plant plans to produce up to 60 additional AS350 helicopters annually by 2016.

References

External links

 Airbus Helicopters
 Airbus Group, Inc.

Companies based in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex
Manufacturing companies based in Texas
Helicopter manufacturers of the United States
Airbus subsidiaries and divisions
Airbus Helicopters
Grand Prairie, Texas
Engineers Without Borders (Belgium). Ingénieurs sans Frontières - Ingénieurs Assistance Internationale (ISF-IAI, more commonly known as ISF, Belgium) is a Belgian NGO assisting developing areas of the world with their engineering needs and whose fundamental purpose is to adapt technological development to the needs of those living in underprivileged areas.

Overview 

It should not be confused with Ingenieurs zonder Grenzen (Dutch for "Engineers Without Borders").

Founded on the initiative of a few engineers and with the support of the Associations of Schools for Engineers (FABI), ISF can count on the contribution of several hundred volunteers: engineers with varying qualifications and students willing to put their time and skills at the disposal of development projects.

Thanks to many contacts in both professional and associative environment, ISF can seek advice from engineers and technicians on specific problems in every sector of technology. All ISF work is done on a voluntary basis.

ISF, looking for collaboration with other Belgian NGOs, has formed the CHAKA group with CODEART and ADG, both Belgian associations. ISF is also a member of the Federation of the French and German speaking NGOs of Belgium (ACODEV) and is approved by the General Directorate for International Cooperation of the Belgian Federal Government (DGCI).

ISF is also a member of EWB-International (Engineers Without Borders International Network)

See also 

 Ingenieurs zonder Grenzen - Belgian "Engineers Without Borders" organisations, with a Dutch name.
 Without Borders

External links 
 Ingénieurs sans Frontières - Official site (French/English/Spanish language)

Belgium
Development charities based in Belgium
Olympic Flight Museum. The Olympic Flight Museum is an aviation museum at the Olympia Airport in Olympia, Washington, USA. The museum has more than 10 vintage planes and helicopters on display, most of which are in airworthy condition. The museum also hosts the annual Olympic Air Show, featuring a selection of heritage and current military aircraft demonstrations.

History 
The museum was founded in 1998. In 2003, the museum started hosting an annual airshow called the "Gathering of Warbirds".

Aircraft on display

Fixed wing 

 Aero L-29 Delfín
 Aero L-39ZO Albatros
 Boeing-Stearman PT-17 Kaydet
 English Electric Lightning
 Goodyear FG-1D Corsair
 Mitsubishi A6M Zero (replica)
 North American P-51D Mustang

Helicopters 

 Bell AH-1 Cobra
 Bell HH-1K Iroquois
 Bell UH-1H Iroquois
 Hughes OH-6 Cayuse
 Kaman HH-43 Huskie

References

External links

Olympic Flight Museum
 Video of HH-43 flying at air show 2022
Video of HH-43B at airshow flying 2019

Aerospace museums in Washington (state)
Museums in Thurston County, Washington
Military and war museums in Washington (state)
Buildings and structures in Olympia, Washington
Tourist attractions in Olympia, Washington
Canadian Museum of Flight. The Canadian Museum of Flight (formally the Canadian Museum of Flight Association since 1998) is an aviation museum at the Langley Regional Airport in Langley, British Columbia, Canada. The museum has over 25 civilian and military jets, piston driven engine aircraft, gliders, and helicopters on display, six of which have been restored to flying condition. Other displays include an aviation art gallery and aviation artifacts.

Hampden bomber
The museum's Handley Page Hampden is the last of its type in existence. The aircraft was used in coastal patrol on the BC coast in World War II and crashed offshore in 1942. It was recovered in 1985 and was restored over a twenty-year period. The rare aircraft is stored outdoors, and on 26 December 2008, an especially heavy snowfall broke the left wing spars. This caused the wing to separate from the fuselage.

Collection

Airplanes

Helicopters

Affiliations
The Museum is affiliated with: CMA,  CHIN, and Virtual Museum of Canada.

See also
Organization of Military Museums of Canada
List of aerospace museums
Military history of Canada

References

External links 

Aviation history of Canada
Aerospace museums in British Columbia
Buildings and structures in Greater Vancouver
Langley, British Columbia (district municipality)
I-bot. The Microbric I-Bot is a small robot that was distributed as a build-it-yourself kit by the Adelaide Advertiser newspaper in South Australia in November-December 2005. It is designed to be used as an introduction to electronics and to teach robotics.

The I-Bot, now discontinued, was created by Microbric, manufactured by Tytronics, distributed by The Advertiser/Sunday Mail (Newspapers in Education) and supported by the Electronics Industry Association in Australia.

A community of I-Bot users has developed with the aid of internet forums.

Programming
Programs can be created and uploaded to the I-Bot, via Windows and Mac software available from the I-Bot website. A simple graphical interface is used to create programs
which can then be uploaded to the I-Bot via holding it up to a flashing square on the display. 

The programmer requires internet access, but I-Bot programs can be shared with others using a 'shareId' number.

Available programs
 312 - Plays "We wish you a Merry Christmas" music (by Zetter)
 318 - As 312, but with cycling lights (by Zetter)
 341 - Reverse Parallel Park (by Jimbot)
 480 - Plays "Can Can" music (by Joshua Bost)
 714 - Take a Bow (by pschulz01)
 748 - As 714, but with IR control (by pschulz01)
 725 - Turn, Twist and Shake (by Aquaspoon)
 847 - Timer Demonstration (by sgregory)
 969 - Bump-n-go (by sgregory)
 1188 - Play "Jingle Bells" music (by craig)
 1274 - Play "Swan Lake" music (by brenton)

Robot kits
Hellbender (video game). Hellbender is a simulation video game developed by Terminal Reality and published by Microsoft Studios for Windows 95. It is the sequel to Fury3. A demo version of the game was included on later CD-ROM versions of Windows 95. The voice of the ship's computer is portrayed by Gillian Anderson.

Gameplay
The player is in control of a prototype spacecraft (the "Hellbender") and must fly it around a map, destroying various targets and reaching checkpoints. The Hellbender has no inertia and thus cannot crash. There are ten weapons available. The Valkyrie and Laser cannons have unlimited ammo, but there are also dumbfire Sledgehammer rockets, homing Viper missiles, and devastating Doomsday mines. Many more weapons are available by collecting power-ups during gameplay.

The levels in Hellbender are composed of a few missions that take place on eight different planets. There are typically three missions per planet.

Plot
Six years after the events depicted in Fury3, the Bions (an alien race created by Terran scientists which rebelled and became ruthless killing machines) kill all the Coalition's qualified pilots on Sebek. The player's character ("the Councilor") is the last surviving pilot for the Coalition of Independent Planets, the defense group that protects the universe from the Bions. The Bions are now targeting the rest of the Coalition's citizens. The pilot must accomplish various objectives on eight different worlds in order to stop the Bions, save the universe, and win the game.

Development 
The game was published by Microsoft Game Studios. Microsoft had spent millions to create their own game division.

Reception
Entertainment Weekly gave the game a B− and compared the game to Wing Commander III, but said that Microsoft seemed to be better at making word processing programs than games.

CNET said "The action is furious as you dive and turn to avoid attackers. Endless explosions will keep your ears ringing. And the sights, both in the air and underground, are intense--especially if you have a 3D accelerator card that supports Direct3D"

The game sold 250,000 units.

References

External links

1996 video games
Microsoft games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Science fiction video games
Simulation video games
Terminal Reality games
Video game sequels
Video games developed in the United States
Video games set in the 29th century
Windows games
Windows-only games
Seeadler-class fast attack craft. The Type 141 Seeadler-class fast attack craft differs from Type 140 Jaguar-class fast attack craft only in the installation of other, later more powerful diesel engine.

The Seeadler class was replaced in service with the Bundesmarine by the Type 143 Albatros class.

List of boats

See also 
 List of German Federal Navy ships
 List of naval ships of Germany

References
 Typ 141 Seeadler-Klasse @ Schnellboot.net (in German)

External links
 http://www.schnellboot-seeadler.de

Torpedo boat classes
Motor torpedo boats of the German Navy
Lürssen
Cytron. Cytron is a video game developed by Lunatic Software for the Amiga and published by Psygnosis in 1992.

Gameplay

Cytron is a futuristic Gauntlet-type maze action/adventure game. The story tells that on a distant research facility, the robots serving the researchers have gone haywire and have taken the researchers hostage. Earth sends a remote-controlled robot called Cytron to rescue the researchers.

The player controls Cytron either with a joystick or a mouse. A novel idea is that Cytron is able to split into two smaller robots, Cyt and Ron, which can be controlled individually, and later joined again. Both Cyt, Ron and Cytron can use various weapons, and there are computer terminals in various places in the mazes, allowing access to various facilities.

References

External links

1992 video games
Action-adventure games
Amiga games
Amiga-only games
Lunatic Software games
Maze games
Psygnosis games
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Bamberger rearrangement. The Bamberger rearrangement is the chemical reaction of phenylhydroxylamines with strong aqueous acid, which will rearrange to give 4-aminophenols. It is named for the German chemist Eugen Bamberger (1857–1932).

The starting phenylhydroxylamines are typically synthesized by the transfer hydrogenation of nitrobenzenes using rhodium or zinc catalysts.

One application is in the synthesis of .

Reaction mechanism
The mechanism of the Bamberger rearrangement proceeds from the monoprotonation of N-phenylhydroxylamine 1.  N-protonation 2 is favored, but unproductive. O-protonation 3 can form the nitrenium ion 4, which can react with nucleophiles (H2O) to form the desired 4-aminophenol 5.

See also
Friedel–Crafts alkylation-like reactions:
Hofmann–Martius rearrangement
Fries rearrangement
Fischer–Hepp rearrangement
Wallach rearrangement
Bamberger triazine synthesis — same inventor

References

Rearrangement reactions
Name reactions
Shunt fault. A shunt fault is a type of fault that occurs in submarine communications cables.

Many such cables use underwater repeaters or amplifiers to boost signals being passed along the cable. These repeaters or amplifiers are powered from either end of the cable using Power Feed Equipment. This is achieved by applying a voltage to the metallic (usually copper or aluminium) core of the cable that surrounds the optical fiber.

Typically both ends share the current generation with one end providing a positive voltage and the other a negative voltage. A virtual ground point exists roughly halfway along the cable under normal operation. The amplifiers or repeaters derive their power from the potential difference drop across them.

A shunt fault occurs when the cable insulation becomes damaged, such that there is a short circuit from the metallic core to the seawater directly. In this situation the apparent location of the virtual ground will move to the shunt fault location. As long as the power feed equipment farthest from the shunt fault has the capability of generating the additional voltage required to maintain the same current, the cable system will continue to carry traffic.

This damage can be from ship anchors, fishing trawlers, backhoe dredgers, currents dragging the cable along the sea floor, or even sea creatures.

A repair will be scheduled at a convenient time whilst the cable continues to operate.

External links

Submarine communications cables
Jaguar-class fast attack craft. The Type 140 Jaguar-class fast attack craft is an evolution of the German torpedo boats (E-boats) of World War II. The design was developed  by Lürssen and designated Schnellboot 55. The 20 boats that were built for the German Navy were in service from 1957 to 1975. Then the Jaguar-class boats were replaced in service with the Bundesmarine by the .

The Jaguar-class boats were relatively well suited for high sea action. In NATO strategy it was their duty to intercept landing operations in the Baltic Sea, prevent transfers of ships of the Soviet Union and to keep the transatlantic supply lines open through the North Sea.

The  differs from the Type 140 only in the model of engine.

List of boats

References

 Also published as 
Schnellboot Typ 140 Jaguar-Klasse @ schnellboot.net

Torpedo boat classes
Motor torpedo boats of the German Navy
École Nationale Supérieure d'Électrochimie et d'Électrométallurgie de Grenoble. The École Nationale Supérieure d'Électrochimie et d'Électrométallurgie de Grenoble, or ENSEEG,  was one of the French Grandes écoles of engineering (engineering schools). It has been created in 1921 under the name Institut d’électrochimie et d’électrométallurgie (IEE) (Institute of Electrochemistry and Electrometallurgy). The name ENSEEG has been chosen in 1948 and ENSEEG has been part of Grenoble Institute of Technology (INPG or GIT) since its creation in 1971. Therefore, the name INPG-ENSEEG has also been commonly used.

ENSEEG delivered a multidisciplinary education in physical chemistry. The ENSEEG engineers are especially competent in materials science, process engineering and electrochemistry. From September 2008, ENSEEG merged with two other Grandes écoles to create Phelma.

External links
 ENSEEG Website 
 ENSEEG Student Website 
 ENSEEG Student Firm 

Electrochimie et d'Électrométallurgie de Grenoble
Electrochemical engineering
Metallurgical organizations
Universities and colleges established in 1921
Educational institutions disestablished in 2008
1921 establishments in France
2008 disestablishments in France
Westland Widgeon (helicopter). The Westland Widgeon was a helicopter developed by Westland Aircraft as a private venture improvement on the Westland WS-51 Dragonfly.

Design and development
Westland Aircraft decided to make a private venture improvement on the Westland WS-51 Dragonfly helicopter, which was a licensed Sikorsky Aircraft design, by increasing the cabin capacity and replacing the Dragonfly's rotor head, blades and gearbox with the units used in the Westland Whirlwind. Three Dragonfly Series 1As were converted to WS-51 Series 2 Widgeon specifications and the first one flew on 23 August 1955. One of these conversions, registration G-ANLW, was the first helicopter to land at the London Heliport on 8 April 1959, and later appeared in the 1971 film, When Eight Bells Toll.

In 1957, there was a plan to take up to 24 existing Fleet Air Arm Dragonflies to Dragonfly HC.7 standard (as the Naval Widgeon was to become) but this was abandoned and it contributed to the decision to stop progress.

Operators

Brazilian Navy
 Ceylon
 Royal Ceylon Air Force

Royal Hong Kong Auxiliary Air Force

Royal Jordanian Air Force

Biafran Air Force - operated a Two  ex-Bristow Widgeon during the Biafran War.

Bristow Helicopters

Surviving aircraft

Brazil 

 N-7001 - WS-51/2 c/n WA/H/142 on static display in Museu da Aviação Naval at São Pedro da Aldeia, Rio de Janeiro

United Kingdom 

 G-ANLW  - WS51A Series 2 c/n  WA/H/133 under restoration at Historic Helicopters, Chard

 G-AOZE/5N-ABW - WS51A Series 2 c/n WA/H/141 on static display at The Helicopter Museum, Weston-super-Mare

Specifications (Widgeon)

See also
 List of rotorcraft

References

Notes

Bibliography

 Apostolo, Giorgio. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Helicopters. New York: Bonanza Books, 1984. .
 
 James, Derek N. Westland Aircraft since 1915. London: Putnam Aeronautical Books, 1991. .
 "Widgeon and Whirlwind —with power by Alvis: A Report on two current Westland developments." Flight, 1955.
 "World Helicopter Market". Flight International, 13 July 1967. pp. 57–71.
 "World Helicopter Market". Flight International, 11 July 1968. pp. 48–60.

External links

 Westland Widgeon pages at helis.com database

1950s British helicopters
Widgeon (helicopter)
Single-engined piston helicopters
Single-rotor helicopters
Aircraft with fixed tricycle landing gear
Aircraft first flown in 1955
Aerospace Testing Alliance. Aerospace Testing Alliance (ATA) is a defunct aerospace engineering company in the United States of America. It was the prime contractor of the US Air Force's Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC), in Tullahoma, Tennessee from 2003 until 2016.

Launched in 2003, ATA was a joint operation of Jacobs Sverdrup, General Physics, Computer Sciences Corporation (CSC), DynCorp. ATA was contracted at $2.7 Billion for a 12-year period.

The Center is now operated by National Aerospace Solutions

External links 
company site
US Air Force's AEDC Fact sheet regarding ATA
Jacobs-Sverdrup ATA announcement
CSC ATA announcement
Nashville Business Journal

Aerospace companies of the United States