omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Toronto radial lines. The Toronto radial lines were interurban lines radiating from Toronto, Ontario, Canada. All are now defunct.
 
 Toronto and York Radial Railway acquired the following companies converting each into an operating division:
 Metropolitan Street Railway (T&YRR Metropolitan Division)
Schomberg and Aurora Railway (acquired by the Metropolitan Street Railway; became T&YRR Schomberg Branch)
 North Yonge Railways (a remnant of the T&YRR Metropolitan Division operated by the Toronto Transportation Commission from 1930 to 1948)
 Toronto and Scarboro' Electric Railway, Light and Power Company (T&YRR Scarboro Division)
 Toronto and Mimico Electric Railway and Light Company (T&YRR Mimico Division)
 Toronto Suburban Railway, of which a small section of track became part of Halton County Radial Railway, a working museum
 Toronto Eastern Railway, built as far as Bowmanville but never operated commercially

Gray Coach, a publicly owned interurban bus service founded in 1927, went on to provide service along many of the routes previously served by the radial railways.

See also 
 Hydro Electric Railways, Toronto and York Division

Interurban railways in Ontario
Defunct Ontario railways
Electric railways in Canada
Diasec. Diasec is the registered trademark for the original method of face-mounting prints, such as photographs on acrylic sheets. The process was invented by Heinz Sovilla-Brulhart in 1969.

According to the trademark's website, the colors are "more brilliant and the image sharper than with standard glass in a picture frame" because of the light penetration and refraction of clear acrylic compared to normal glass. A Diasec mount is usually of a high gloss finish. Because the print is glued to the acrylic glazing, the result is a completely flat mount of the image.

Diasec also contains (UV) light inhibitors to help protect the image from ultraviolet (UV) light.

Process
The process bonds the print without air bubbles because it uses liquid gel instead of a transparent adhesive film. The image is face-mounted and stuck to the acrylic glass with a special sealant. Normally the mounted print is then placed on a carrier sheet. This is usually Aluminum.  If the print has to be backlit, translucent materials such as acrylic can be used instead.
The Diasec gel is neutral curing and has an inbuilt ultraviolet filter. It contains no plasticizers and is resistant to fungicidal, bacterial agents, and airborne pollutants. After curing, the whole airtight panel remains chemically inert and stable. The finished product remains flexible, enabling it to withstand changes in temperature and humidity, which affect works on paper. However, the process is irreversible and if the acrylic glass is damaged there is no way to salvage the print. 

Nowadays, new acrylic products can include anti-scratch surface coatings that prevent damage to these pieces of art.

Uses
The Diasec process is mostly used by artists and photographers to present their artwork. Andreas Gursky mounted "99 Cent II Diptychon", the most expensive photograph ever, on acrylic glass, probably with the Diasec process.

Diasec panels are backed with aluminum or dibond, reinforcing the rigidity of the finished picture and sealing the artwork from both sides.
The Aluminium back also enables the attachment of sub-frames that allow the artwork to hang on the wall without a traditional picture frame.  

Diasec samples that were made in the 1970s show a negligible color shift, the whites are still pure and there is no evidence of acid erosion visible.

Diasec patent
In the past, the process was patented by the Swiss company Alrane Inventing AG to generate a brand name for the official licensee. To this day that same process is only available to official license holders. The diasec patent has expired and a surrogate process is used by some mounting studios. However, they cannot use the genuine Diasec ingredients or machinery.

The Dutch company "Diasec Support BV", was started in 2009 to support the Swiss licensor by offering training and custom-made machines. Special fluids needed for the Diasec process are only available from the Swiss originators.

References
The official Diasec website  lists every licensed operative and their location.

Canadian Patents Database Patent number CA 935135

Visual arts materials
Picture framing
Sump buster. A sump buster is a device installed within a bus route to limit that thoroughfare to buses. It discourages traffic from entering a lane by promising to destroy the oil pan of any vehicle with insufficient ground clearance to get over it, making them similar in use (but not design) to rising bollards. A sump buster can also be known as a "sump breaker" or "sump trap". Sump busters were first used in the 1980s.

Function
The sump buster uses a non-mechanical solid mass of concrete, or sometimes other aggregates or metal, to demobilise a vehicle when access to a restricted area is attempted.  When a vehicle attempts to traverse the sump buster, the device will demolish the vehicle's oil pan (literally "busting the sump").  The track and ground clearance on permitted vehicles, usually buses, is such that they may clear the device with ease. In some cases, advisory or mandatory speed limits are given.

Impact on the community

A major purpose of the sump buster is to avoid road systems to be used as rat runs and, to a certain extent, joyriding. For this reason, devices have been vandalised (either through annoyance at their existence or to attempt to gain passage), resulting in accidents (and injuries) to legitimate road users.

In January 2005, Devon County Council dismissed an application by the Stagecoach Group for the installation of a sump buster on Tan Lane (a restricted access road) in Exeter. The Exeter Highways and Traffic Orders Committee stated that "...[using a sump buster] is not an option that the County Council could support [as] it would not differentiate between high clearance vehicles and for example cars and vans that are authorised to use the link under the current Traffic Regulation Order".

Sump busters have led to serious injuries to scooter drivers and cyclists who fail to notice them. Municipalities in the Netherlands have been sued for tort after damage or injuries caused by insufficiently marked sump busters.

See also
Bus trap

References

Road infrastructure
Transportation planning
Road transport
Road hazards
Übergangskriegslokomotive. The Übergangskriegslokomotiven (literally: provisional war locomotives) were austere versions of standard locomotives (Einheitslokomotiven) built by Germany during the Second World War in order to accelerate their production. They are often just called 'ÜK' locomotives.

In the Second World War the requirement for motive power, especially goods train locomotives, rose sharply. To cope with the demand the standard locomotive classes 44, 50 and 86 were built, after 1941, to a simpler, more austere design and given the designation (ÜK) after the class number.

Characteristic of ÜK locomotives are e.g. disc wheels on the carrying axles and the omission of the front side windows in the driver's cabs. Even preheaters, feed pumps, Frontschürzen, smoke deflectors and other equipment not essential for the operation of the locomotives were sometimes left out. 

The ÜK classes proved however to be just an interim step. As early as 1941 the requirement for a further, more radical simplification of locomotive construction became ever more pressing.  As a result, genuine war locomotives (the Kriegslokomotiven) were developed by the Deutsche Reichsbahn. They were sub-divided into wartime steam locomotives (Kriegs-Dampf-Lokomotiven or KDL) and wartime electric locomotives (Kriegs-Elektrolokomotiven or KEL). Examples include the steam classes 42 and 52, as well as the Class E 44 and E 94.

See also 
DRG Class 44
DRB Class 50
DRG Class 86
DRB Class 52
DRG Class 42

Steam locomotive types
Locomotives of Germany
Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft locomotives
14 cm Minenwerfer M 15. The 14 cm Minenwerfer M 15 was a medium mortar used by Austria-Hungary in World War I. It was developed by Škoda Works as an alternative to a German design from Rheinische Metallwarenfabrik/Ehrhardt for which ammunition could not be procured. It was a rigid-recoil, rifled, muzzle-loading weapon that had to be levered around to aim at new targets. It was lifted onto a two-wheel cart for transport.

An improved version, the 14 cm M16 MW, added a central barrel ring and cutouts on the side of the carriage. Rotation within the barrel was improved, greatly increasing accuracy. It weighed an extra , but had a maximum range of . Its transport cart was also improved.

The first batch of 100 mortars was ordered in May 1915 and a second batch in spring 1916, but deliveries were slow; only 88 of the second batch could be sent to the front by May 1916. A third batch of 300 was ordered in November 1916, but production was such that only 30 had been delivered by the spring of 1917.

References

Bibliography
 Ortner, M. Christian. The Austro-Hungarian Artillery From 1867 to 1918: Technology, Organization, and Tactics. Vienna, Verlag Militaria, 2007 

Mortars of Austria-Hungary
140 mm artillery
Oak Grove Hydroelectric Project. The Oak Grove Hydroelectric Project is a 44 megawatt hydroelectric plant operated by Portland General Electric (PGE) on the Oak Grove Fork Clackamas River. Water for this project is held by three lakes, built between 1923 and 1956.  The dam creates the impoundment Lake Harriet.

History 
In 1907, the Southern Pacific Company began to acquire water rights for the Oak Grove fork. These rights were transferred in 1911 to the Portland Railway, Light and Power Company, which later became PGE.

In 1923, the concrete diversion dam at Lake Harriet was completed. This lake holds  with a surface area of . A  pipeline goes downstream from Lake Harriet to the powerhouse.  Power generation from the Oak Grove fork began in August 1924.

In 1953, Frog Lake was completed, adding  of storage with  of surface, which was later reduced to  on  in 1997.  Finally, in 1956, the compacted-earth dam for Timothy Lake was completed, creating the largest lake in the system at  and .  The Oak Grove Powerhouse contains two Francis turbines.

References

External links 

 USGS flow data at Oak Grove powerplant intake
 DEQ survey 
 PGE: parks on the Clackamas River
 BPA: Oak Grove Habitat Improvement Project, 1988

Hydroelectric power plants in Oregon
Buildings and structures in Clackamas County, Oregon
Energy infrastructure completed in 1924
1924 establishments in Oregon
Portland General Electric dams
Michael F. Shlesinger. Michael F. Shlesinger (born August 8, 1948 in Brooklyn, New York) is a physicist notable for his work in the area of nonlinear dynamics. He is the co-founder of the journal Fractals. His pioneering work in statistical predictions and descriptions of random and deterministic processes has influenced the physics of amorphous solids and glasses, classical mechanics, and biophysics. He is known as a proponent of fractal time and is also known for his work on fractal stochastic processes related to areas such as disordered materials and turbulence.

Education

In 1970, he obtained his BS degree in physics and mathematics from State University of New York at Stony Brook, and then obtained his MA in 1972 from the University of Rochester. In 1975, he obtained his PhD from the University of Rochester under Elliott Waters Montroll for a thesis entitled A Stochastic Theory of Anomalous Transient Photocurrents in Certain Xerographic Films and of the 1/f Noise in Neural Membrane.

Career
Initially he worked at the University of Maryland, College Park, then in 1983 he joined Office of Naval Research (ONR) and started their nonlinear dynamics program in 1984. He subsequently went on to head their physics division, before being named ONR's chief scientist for nonlinear science. His contributions to nonlinear dynamics and statistical physics include the publication of over 200 papers, editorship of over 20 books, and the organization of over 30 conferences. In 2008, he took up the Kinnear Chair in Physics at the US Naval Academy,
Annapolis, United States. In 2021 published "An Unbounded Experience in Random Walks with Applications" (World Scientific Pub)

Honors
He was elected to Fellow of the American Physical Society in 1993. In 2004, he received the Presidential Rank Award. In 2006, he received ONR's Saalfeld Award for outstanding lifetime achievement. In 2008, he was honored with a festschrift to mark his 60th birthday, entitled 25 Years of Nonlinear Dynamics at ONR, based on a conference held on Amelia Island, Florida, July 20–22, 2008.

Public Service
While residing in Rockville, Maryland, he once saved the life of a woman who was being mauled by a pack of rottweilers.  For putting his life at risk, the city of Rockville presented him with a medal for heroism.

Name
His middle name is the single initial "F"—he does not have a full middle name; another famous example being the middle initial of Harry S. Truman.

See also
 Fractal time
 Nonlinear dynamics

Bibliography

External links
Shlesinger's math genealogy
Shlesinger Nature article
2004 Presidential rank awards
Saalfed award
Shlesinger at Scientific Commons

1948 births
Living people
Stony Brook University alumni
University of Rochester alumni
Fellows of the American Physical Society
21st-century American physicists
Jewish physicists
Probability theorists
Dead Zone (video game). is a text-based adventure video game developed and published by Sunsoft for the Famicom Disk System in Japan on November 20, 1986.

Plot
In the space calendar 0385, the Earth suffers from overpopulation and humans start to build space colonies. Cark, the protagonist, works for the Earth Federation's space development office. He is a brilliant engineer in space physics and is working for the Sirius third planet colony. He gets engaged to his girlfriend Mary, but they have to postpone their wedding. Five months later, Cark, accompanied by his robot Carry, decides to visit Mary and prepare the ceremony at last, but when he arrives at the space station where she is in, everything is quiet. Then a beam of light hits him. He wakes up sometimes later, inside a sort of underground graveyard, with pieces of dismantled robots surrounding him (including  from Sunsoft's unreleased Nintendo Vs. Series title of the same name).

Gameplay
The player proceeds through the game by choosing from a selection of text menu commands. Like any traditional digital comic/text adventure games, a large view shows the surroundings. The bottom of the screen proposes simple action commands, like see, take or push, but the game is entirely in Japanese (although it uses katakana exclusively). One of the original features of the game is to use real sampled sound in some places, which was unusual for the time.

A complete English fan translation patch was released in November 2019.

Reception and legacy 

Dead Zone received a score of 23 out of 40 from Famicom Tsūshin (Famitsu).

Cark and Carry from Dead Zone have made appearances in a few games, including Nazoler Land 3 (1988), the strategy game Barcode World (1992) for Famicom (as SD characters), and the puzzle game Shanghai Musume: Mahjong Girls (2011) for iOS and Android.

References

External links
 

1986 video games
Adventure games
Famicom Disk System games
Famicom Disk System-only games
Japan-exclusive video games
Single-player video games
Sunsoft games
Video games developed in Japan
Video games scored by Naoki Kodaka
Beugniot lever. The Beugniot lever (Beugniot-Hebel) is a mechanical device used on a number of locomotives to improve curve running. It was named after its inventor Édouard Beugniot.

Overview
Around 1860, when Beugniot was the chief engineer at the firm of André Koechlin & Cie. in Mulhouse, he developed a system whereby wheelsets are housed in pairs in the locomotive frame, with side-play, and connected by a lever. These levers are fixed to the frame in the centre and thus enable the sideways movement of the connected axles in opposite directions. In this way, instead of being fixed in the frame, the axles are able to move sideways rather like a bogie, but clearly nowhere near as much.  On locomotives with a side rod drive, the axle side-play is balanced using longer coupling pins (Kuppelzapfen) on which the coupling rods are also able to move sideways.

Operation
On running round a bend, the first axle is pushed sideways by the curve of the rails and so moves the second axle parallel to it in the opposite direction, until the wheel flanges of both axles align with the rails. This distributes the guide forces between the two axles which reduces wear and tear on the wheel flanges. By enabling this transverse movement of the wheelsets,  locomotives with rigid frames do not have to use the thinner wheel flanges etc. normally needed to facilitate smooth running through points, bends and tightly curved sections of track. The 'guide length' of the locomotive is formed by the distance between the two fixed Beugniot lever pivot points.

Examples
In Germany, Beugniot levers were used mainly in the middle of the 20th century. The best known examples of locomotives that use this type of lever are the MaK side-rod drive locomotives, the Class 105 and 106 engines in East Germany as well as steam locomotives like the DB Class 82.

Sources 
Bedienungs- und Wartungsanleitungen der MaK-Baureihen 600 D, 650 D und 1200 D

External links 
 Explanation of the Beugniot lever (bottom of linked paged)
 Beugniot locomotive of the Porrettana railway

Steam locomotive technologies
Locomotive parts
HMS K17. HMS K17 was a British K class submarine built by Vickers in Barrow-in-Furness.

Design
Like all British K-class submarines, the submarine had a displacement of  when at the surface and  while submerged. The boat had a total length of , a beam of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two oil-fired Yarrow Shipbuilders boilers and one geared Brown-Curtis or Parsons steam turbine; this developed 10,500 ship horsepower (7,800 kW) to drive two  screws. The hull contained four electric motors each producing . The vessel was also fitted with a diesel engine providing  to be used when steam was being generated.

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of  and a submerged speed of . The boat could operate at depths of  at  for . The vessels armament comprised a  anti-aircraft gun, ten  torpedo tubes, and two  deck guns. The torpedo tubes were fitted to the bows, the midship section, and two were mounted on the deck. Its complement was fifty-nine crew members.

Loss
K17 was sunk on 31 January 1918 during the night time fleet exercises later known as the Battle of May Island (Operation E.C.1) when she was attached to the 13th Submarine Flotilla.  ploughed into K17 at the head of a line of submarines. She sank in about 8 minutes with the loss of all hands.  The wreck is designated as a protected place under the Protection of Military Remains Act 1986.

References

Bibliography

External links
 wrecksite.eu : HMS K-17

Ships built in Barrow-in-Furness
British K-class submarines
Protected wrecks of Scotland
World War I shipwrecks in the North Sea
British submarine accidents
Maritime incidents in 1918
Submarines sunk in collisions
1918 in Scotland
Royal Navy ship names
1917 ships
Warships lost with all hands
Project KickStart. Project KickStart is desktop project management software by Experience in Software, Inc. in Berkeley, California. The program uses a wizard-like interface for project planning.

History 

The original Project KickStart for DOS was released in 1992. The product far outsold Experience in Software's other titles, and in 1995 Project KickStart for Windows was released. Versions 2, 3, 4 and 5 (all for Windows) followed. Since 2008, the company sells Project KickStart Standard 5 and Project KickStart Pro 5.

Software 

Project KickStart's wizard prompts users to identify phases, goals, obstacles and personnel assignments for projects and uses a calendar to produce a Gantt chart that features the project's phases and the goals, tasks and assignments for each.

KickStart's project files can be exported into Microsoft's Project, Outlook, Word, Excel or PowerPoint, as well as ACT!, Milestones Professional, MindManager and WBS Chart.

References

External links 
 Official Website

Project management software
1992 software
Projects established in 1992
Triage (disambiguation). Triage is a process of prioritizing patients based on the severity of their condition.

Triage may also refer to:

Methodologies 
 Field triage, decision-making early in the medical prioritization process
 Business triage, commercial evaluation
 Bug triage, software engineering
 Ecological triage, used in evaluating potential environment interventions
 Requirements triage, the process of prioritizing requirements in software development

Cultural manifestations 
 Triage (novel), a 1998 novel by Scott Anderson
 Triage (film), a 2009 film adaptation of the novel
 Triage (David Baerwald album), 1992
 Triage, a 2019 album by Methyl Ethel
 Triage (X-Men), a character from the X-Men comics franchise
Onoda Line. The  is a railway line in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan, operated by the West Japan Railway Company (JR West). The line connects Ube-Shinkawa Station in Ube and Onoda Station in San'yō-Onoda. The , which runs from Suzemeda to Motoyama, is part of this line.

Stations
All stations are in Yamaguchi Prefecture.

Main Line

Motoyama Branch Line

Rolling stock
 105 series 2-car EMUs
 123 series single-car EMUs

History
The Onoda Light Railway Co. opened the Onoda – Minami-Onoda section in 1915 to service a cement plant.

The Ube Electric Railway Co. opened the Ino – Shin-Okiyama station (since closed) section in 1929, electrified at 600 VDC. The branch to Motoyama opened in 1937, also electrified at 600 VDC.

Both companies were nationalised in 1943, and in 1947 the lines were connected, resulting in the closure of Shin-Okiyama station, the replacement for which was nearby Minami-Onoda station.

In 1950 the Onoda – Minami-Onoda section was electrified and the voltage increased to 1500 VDC on the balance of the line.

CTC signalling was commissioned in 1983, and freight services ceased in 1986.

"One-man" driver only operation commenced on the branch line between  and  on 11 March 1989, using KuMoHa 42 EMUs. Driver only (conductorless) operation commenced on the main line between  and  on 1 June 1990, using 105 series EMUs.

References

Rail transport in Yamaguchi Prefecture
Lines of West Japan Railway Company
1067 mm gauge railways in Japan
Railway lines opened in 1915
Ube Line. The  is a railway line in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan, operated by the West Japan Railway Company (JR West). The line connects Shin-Yamaguchi Station in Yamaguchi and Ube Station in Ube.

Stations
All stations are in Yamaguchi Prefecture.

Rolling stock
 105 series 2-car EMUs
 123 series single-car EMUs

History
The Ube Light Railway Co. opened the Ube – Ube-Shinkawa section in 1914, extending the line to Tokonami in 1923 and Ogori (now Shin-Yamaguchi) in 1925. The line was electrified at 1500 VDC in 1929.

In 1928 the Ube Electric Railway Co. opened a 1 km line from Ube-Shinkawa to Ubeko, with a 2 km branch to the Okinoyama coal mine, both electrified at 1500 VDC.

Both companies merged in 1941, becoming the Ube Railway Co. which was nationalised in 1943.

Passenger services to Ubeko ceased in 1952, and both branches closed in 1961.

CTC signalling was commissioned in 1983, and freight services ceased in 1999.

"One-man" driver only operation commenced on the section between  and  on 1 June 1990, using 105 and 123 series EMUs. The entire line was switched to driver only (conductorless) operation on 14 March 1992.

Former connecting lines
 Ube station – The Funaki Railway Co. opened a 6 km 762mm gauge line in 1916. The line was converted to 1067mm gauge in 1922, and extended 12 km to Kibe in 1926. The last 8 km closed in 1944, and the balance of the line in 1961.

See also
 List of railway lines in Japan

References
This article incorporates material from the corresponding article in the Japanese Wikipedia

Rail transport in Yamaguchi Prefecture
Lines of West Japan Railway Company
1067 mm gauge railways in Japan