omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Cos. Cos, COS, CoS, coS or Cos. may refer to:

Mathematics, science and technology
 Carbonyl sulfide
 Class of service (CoS or COS), a network header field defined by the IEEE 802.1p task group
 Class of service (COS), a parameter in telephone systems
 Cobalt sulfide
 COS cells, cell lines COS-1 and COS-7
 Cosine, a trigonometric function
 Cosmic Origins Spectrograph, a Hubble Space Telescope instrument

Operating systems
 COS (operating system), a Chinese mobile OS
 Cray Operating System
 Chippewa Operating System, from Control Data Corporation
 Commercial Operating System, from Digital Equipment Corporation
 GEC COS

Places
 Cos, Ariège, France
 Cos or Kos, a Greek island
 COS, IATA code for Colorado Springs Airport, Colorado, US
 Colorado Springs, Colorado, a US city, derived from its airport's code
 Gulf of Cos, Aegean Sea
 Villa de Cos, Zacatecas, Mexico
 Cosio Valtellino (Cös), Lombardy, Italy
 COS, UNDP country code of Costa Rica

Organizations, societies and churches
 Charity Organization Society
 Children's Orchestra Society, New York City, US
 Church of Satan, a religious organization
 Church of Scientology
 Church of Scotland
 Commandement des Opérations Spéciales, coordinating French special forces
 Community of Science, an online database
 Company of Servers, Anglican altar servers
 Cooper Ornithological Society, California, US

Universities and schools
 College of the Sequoias, California, US
 College of the Siskiyous, California, US

Other uses
 Childhood onset schizophrenia
 Roman consul, a political office in Ancient Rome
 COS, a British fashion brand
 Cos lettuce
 Martín Perfecto de Cos (1800–1854), Mexican general
 Consequence of Sound (now Consequence), a New York, US online magazine
 Cos (television series), 1976, hosted by Bill Cosby
 Space Operations Command (Italy) (Comando delle Operazioni Spaziali)

See also
Kos (disambiguation)
Hitachi 917. The Hitachi 917 is an automated biochemistry analyser utilise medical laboratories to process biological fluid specimens, such as urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and most commonly, blood.

Manufactured by Boehringer Mannheim, the Hitachi 917 is a commonly used routine chemical bichromatic analyser. Capable of doing 1200 test/hour with ISE, it is a popular choice among small to medium size laboratories.

Appearance and use
The 917 has two trays for racks, plus a stat rack. Racks that hold five test tubes slide in on the left side of the machine. There are two reagents carousels on the right side of the 917. In the centre, towards the back, are the reaction vessels, where the chemical reactions take place.

Features at a glance
Type:Chemistry Analyzer
Parameters: 86 analytes 
Method: Spectrophotometric Method.
Weight: 455 kilos 
W x D x H: 60x30x44 inches / 152x76x112 cm

Tests available
 Ion selective electrodes (e.g. Na, K, Cl)
 Rate (e.g. creatine kinase)
 End point
 Immunoturbidity

See also
Medical technologist

Laboratory equipment
Programme Delivery Control. Programme delivery control (PDC) is specified by the standard ETS 300 231 (ETSI EN 300 231), published by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). This specifies the signals sent as hidden codes in the teletext service, indicating when transmission of a programme starts and finishes.

PDC (also known as Enhanced Teletext Packet 8/30 Format 2) is often used together with StarText, enabling the user to select a programme to record using specially coded teletext programme listings. The combination of features is often called PDC/StarText.

In Germany and some other European countries, the older standard video programming system (VPS) is in use also known as format 2. Effectively, the two systems do the same thing and most modern VCRs and stand-alone DVD recorders work with both signals.

In digital TV (see Freeview+), the feature Accurate Recording (AR) that was based on the PDC specification for analogue recording devices is now used for a DVB-SI event based scheduling system. This was due to the BBC discontinuing the Ceefax service.

PDC Packets
PDC is transmitted once a second in special packets addressed as magazine 8 and text row 30. Since this row is not displayable it does not interfere with normal pages. Packet 8/30 has various formats specified by ETSI and PDC is format 2. Each packet 8/30 format 2 also has a label number and there can be up to four labels transmitted at a time. Each label contains the scheduled start time and date for a programme and flags to indicate the state. Each programme is assigned a label and in general a label will follow this sequence.
 PRF Set – Prepare for Record. This will tell a VCR to wake up and get ready. This happens about 40 seconds before the programme is active.
 PRF Clear – The VCR should be recording.
 RTI – Record Terminate/Interrupt – Tells the VCR to stop recording. This label is held for 30 seconds after the programme ends.

There are complicated rules for the case where a programme is interrupted by another one as in the case of a film with a break for news in the middle.

There is also a TIMER flag that indicates that there is no valid PDC and that the VCR should use its own timer.

References

External links 
Technical specifications and FAQ
 ETSI standards
 ETSI EN 300 231 V1.3.1 (2003–04), Specification of the domestic video Programme Delivery Control system (PDC)
 ETSI EN 301 775 V1.2.1 (2003–05), Specification for the carriage of Vertical Blanking Information (VBI) data in DVB bitstreams 
 ETSI TS 102 323 V1.5.1 (2012-01), Chapter 11: "Accurate recording" and Annex A: "Example recorder behaviour"
 CHARACTERISTICS OF A PROGRAMME DELIVERY CONTROL (PDC) SYSTEM FOR VIDEO RECORDING (1990)
 "Everything you ever wanted to know about PDC"
 "Padding versus Accurate Recording"
 Original VPS invention (European Patent Office) German and English

Television technology
Teletext
Application framework. In computer programming, an application framework consists of a software framework used by software developers to implement the standard structure of application software.

Application frameworks became popular with the rise of graphical user interfaces (GUIs), since these tended to promote a standard structure for applications. Programmers find it much simpler to create automatic GUI creation tools when using a standard framework, since this defines the underlying code structure of the application in advance. Developers usually use object-oriented programming (OOP) techniques to implement frameworks such that the unique parts of an application can simply inherit from classes extant in the framework.

Examples 
Apple Computer developed one of the first commercial application frameworks, MacApp (first release 1985), for the Macintosh. Originally written in an extended (object-oriented) version of Pascal termed Object Pascal, it was later rewritten in C++. Another notable framework for the Mac is Metrowerks' PowerPlant, based on Carbon. Cocoa for macOS offers a different approach to an application framework, based on the OpenStep framework developed at NeXT.

Since the 2010s, many apps have been created with the frameworks based on Google's Chromium project. The two prominent ones are Electron and the Chromium Embedded Framework.

Free and open-source software frameworks exist as part of the Mozilla, LibreOffice, GNOME, KDE, NetBeans, and Eclipse projects.

Microsoft markets a framework for developing Windows applications in C++ called the Microsoft Foundation Class Library, and a similar framework for developing applications with Visual Basic or C#, named .NET Framework.

Several frameworks can build cross-platform applications for Linux, Macintosh, and Windows from common source code, such as Qt, wxWidgets, Juce, Fox toolkit, or Eclipse Rich Client Platform (RCP).

Oracle Application Development Framework (Oracle ADF) aids in producing Java-oriented systems.

Silicon Laboratories offers an embedded application framework for developing wireless applications on its series of wireless chips.

MARTHA is a proprietary software Java framework that all of the RealObjects software is built on.

References 

Programming tools
Proprietary software
VEB. VEB may stand for:

 Venturing and Emerging Brands, a division of Coca-Cola
 Virtual business
 Venezuelan , currency of Venezuela between 1879 and 2007, ISO 4217 code VEB
  (German for "People-owned enterprise"), a state-owned workplace or establishment in the Cold-War-era East Germany
 VEB.RF, a state-owned Russian financial institution formerly known as Vnesheconombank
 Volvo Engine Brake (VEB), A modern brake technology has been used in FH-series
 Van Emde Boas tree (vEB), A dictionary data-structure.
 VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag, a subsidiary (based in Jena, Germany) of international publishing conglomerate Elsevier
DFT. DFT may refer to:

Businesses and organisations
 Department for Transport, United Kingdom
 Digital Film Technology, maker of the Spirit DataCine film digitising scanner
 DuPont Fabros Technology, a former US data center company

Science and technology
 Decision field theory, a human cognitive decision-making model 
 Devil facial tumour, a symptom of devil facial tumour disease, a cancer affecting Tasmanian devils
 Density functional theory, a computational quantum mechanical modelling method
 Discrete Fourier transform, in mathematics
 Deaerating feed tank, in steam plants that propel ships
 Design for testing or design for testability, an IC design technique

Other uses
 Demand flow technology, a business strategy
 DFT class locomotive, a turbo-charged rebuild of the New Zealand DF class locomotive
Germanite. Germanite is a rare copper iron germanium sulfide mineral, Cu26Fe4Ge4S32.  It was first discovered in 1922, and named for its germanium content.  It is only a minor source of this important semiconductor element, which is mainly derived from the processing of the zinc sulfide mineral sphalerite.  Germanite contains gallium, zinc, molybdenum, arsenic, and vanadium as impurities.

Its type locality is the Tsumeb Mine in Namibia where it occurs in a hydrothermal polymetallic ore deposit in dolomite in association with renierite, pyrite, tennantite, enargite, galena, sphalerite, digenite, bornite and chalcopyrite. It has also been reported from Argentina, Armenia, Bulgaria, Cuba, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaire), Finland, France, Greece, Japan, Republic of Congo (Brazzaville), Russia and the United States.

References

Copper minerals
Iron minerals
Sulfide minerals
Germanium minerals
Cubic minerals
Minerals in space group 218
Melt. Melt may refer to:

Science and technology
 Melting, in physics, the process of heating a solid substance to a liquid
 Melt (manufacturing), the semi-liquid material used in steelmaking and glassblowing
 Melt (geology), magma
 Melt inclusions, a feature of igneous rock
 Meltwater, water released from the thawing of snow and ice
 MLT framework, a software test tool for the Media Lovin' Toolkit
 Melt, one of the former names for the American social media app Gas.

Music
 Melt (band), a four-piece formed in New York City in 2017
 Melt! Festival, an annual music festival at Ferropolis in Germany

Albums
 Melt (Straitjacket Fits album), a 1990 album by Straitjacket Fits
 Melt (Rascal Flatts album), a 2002 album by Rascal Flatts
 Melt, a 2018 extended play by Shaed, featuring the song "Trampoline"
 Peter Gabriel (1980 album), a self-titled album also referred to as Melt

Songs
 "Melt!" (Siouxsie and the Banshees song), a 1982 song by Siouxsie and the Banshees
 "Melt" (Melanie C song), a 2003 song by Melanie C
 "Melt", a song by Big Red Machine from their self-titled album
 "Melt", a song by the band Supercell from their album Supercell

People
 Melt van Schoor (born 1967), South Africa-born Namibian cricketer
 Melt Sieberhagen, South African actor

Other uses
 Melt sandwich or cheese melt, a grilled sandwich

See also
 
 
 Melty (disambiguation)
 Smelt (disambiguation)
Resistive force. In physics, resistive force is a force, or the vector sum of numerous forces, whose direction is opposite to the motion of a body, and may refer to:

 Friction, during sliding and/or rolling
 Drag (physics), during movement through a fluid (see fluid dynamics)
 Normal force, exerted reactionally back on the acting body by the compressive, tensile or shear stress within the recipient body
 Intermolecular forces, when separating adhesively bonded surfaces
 Magnetic repulsion, when a magnetic object moves against another magnetic field
 Gravity, during vertical takeoff
 Mechanical load, in a simple machine
Mission Dove. In World War II, Mission Dove (Allies, 1944) was the glider-borne assault conducted as part of the invasion of southern France (Operation Dragoon) on 15 August 1944. The original parachute landing, Mission Albatross comprising 396 aircraft carrying 5,600 paratroopers and 150 field guns arrived over the drop zone at 0430hrs. Fog and low cloud resulting in 600 paratroops landing 10 miles away, others were closer, but some ended up 15 miles away.

Three hundred and thirty five Waco CG-4 gliders carried the 55th Glider Infantry Battalion together with equipment to reinforce paratroopers who had already landed, came in at 1810hrs.

Dove was one of three reinforcement operations, the other two being:
 Mission Bluebird - 35 Horsa and 40 Waco CG-4 gliders mainly carrying artillery. The Horsa's turned back because of thick fog, 33 CG-4 managed to land.
Most of the gliders returned that afternoon and managed to land.
 Mission Canary - A parachute reinforcement from 41 transports, landing from 1804hrs.

References

Dove
Street reclamation. Street reclaiming is the process of converting, or otherwise returning streets to a stronger focus on non-car use — such as walking, cycling and active street life. It is advocated by many urban planners and urban economists, of widely varying political points of view. Its primary benefits are thought to be:

Decreased automobile traffic with less noise pollution, fewer automobile accidents, reduced smog and air pollution
Greater safety and access for pedestrians and cyclists
Less frequent surface maintenance than car-driven roads
Reduced summer temperatures due to less asphalt and more green spaces
Increased pedestrian traffic which also increases social and commercial opportunities
Increased gardening space for urban residents
Better support for co-housing and infirm residents, e.g. suburban eco-villages built around former streets

Campaigns
An early example of street reclamation was the Stockholm carfree day in 1969.

Some consider the best advantages to be gained by redesigning streets, for example as shared space, while others, such as campaigns like "Reclaim the Streets", a widespread "dis-organization", run a variety of events to physically reclaim the streets for political and artistic actions, often called street parties. David Engwicht is also a strong proponent of the concept that street life, rather than physical redesign, is the primary tool of street reclamation.

See also

References

External links
 RTS — Reclaim the Streets
 Park(ing)
 International Car Free Day - Thailand – 22 September
 What if everyone had a car? by the BBC World News
 

Car-free movement
Climate change mitigation
Cycling infrastructure
Environmentalism
Health and transport
Health promotion
Pedestrian infrastructure
Physical exercise
Road transport
Streets
Sustainable transport
Urban planning
Amstrad CPC 464. The CPC 464 is the first personal home computer built by Amstrad. Released in 1984, it was the first entry in the Amstrad CPC family of home computers. The CPC 464 was one of the bestselling and best produced microcomputers, with more than 2 million units sold in Europe. The British home computer boom had already peaked before Amstrad announced the CPC 464 (which stood for Colour Personal Computer) which they then released a mere nine months later.

Amstrad was known for cheap hi-fi products but had not broken into the home computer market until the CPC 464. Their consumer electronic sales were starting to plateau and owner and founder Alan Sugar stated "We needed to move on and find another sector or product to bring us back to profit growth". Work started on the Amstrad home computer in 1983 with engineer Ivor Spital who concluded that Amstrad should enter the home computer market, offering a product that integrated low-cost hardware to be sold at an affordable "impulse-purchase price".

Spital wanted to offer a device that would not commandeer the family TV but instead be an all-in-one computer with its own monitor, thus freeing up the TV and allowing others to play video games at the same time.

Bill Poel, General Manager of Amsoft (Amstrad's software division), said during the launch press release that if the computers were not on the shelves by the end of June, "I will be prepared to sit down and eat one in Trafalgar Square."

Technical specifications
The CPC 464 is powered by the Zilog Z80 processor after the original attempts to use the 6502 processor, being used in the Apple II amongst many other 8-bit computer families, failed. The Z80 runs at 4 MHz, has 64 KB of memory and runs AMSDOS, Amstrad's own OS. The unit includes a built-in tape drive and the choice of a colour or green monochrome monitor.
 
The graphics, which uses a Motorola 6845 chip for timing and address generation, provides 3 standard display modes, each using colours chosen from a palette of 27.
Mode 0 - 160×200, 16 colours
Mode 1 - 320×200, 4 colours
Mode 2 - 640x200, 2 colours

Its sound is supplied using the General Instrument AY-3-8912 sound chip that provides 3-voice, 8-octave sound capacity through a built-in loudspeaker with volume control. Later versions of the 464 have a headphone jack that can also be used for external speakers.

The CPC 464's code name during development was 'Arnold'.

Reception
The 464 was popular with consumers for various reasons. Aside from the joystick port, the computer, keyboard, and tape deck were all combined into one unit that attached to the monitor via two cables. The monitor also contained the power supply unit which powered the whole unit via one wall plug. It did not have very many wires and was simple enough for even the most inexperienced user to install.

References

Amstrad CPC
Hugh (disambiguation). Hugh may refer to:

 Hugh, a given name (including a list of people and fictional characters with the given name and mononym)
 Hugh, an acronym for Hill Under Graham Height, which is a category of hills in the British Isles
 Hugh Lake, in Quebec, Canada
 Hugh (robot), an artificial intelligence robot librarian
 Hugh, Northern Territory, a locality in Australia

See also
 Hew (disambiguation)
 Hue (disambiguation)
 Hughes
 Hughs
 Hugo
 Hugues, a given name
 Huw (disambiguation)
 Ugo, the Italian form
Carbonation. Carbonation is the chemical reaction of carbon dioxide to give carbonates, bicarbonates, and carbonic acid.  In chemistry, the term is sometimes used in place of carboxylation, which refers to the formation of carboxylic acids.

In inorganic chemistry and geology, carbonation is common. Metal hydroxides (MOH) and metal oxides (M'O) react with CO2 to give bicarbonates and carbonates:
MOH  +  CO2  →   M(HCO3)
M'O  +  CO2  →   M'CO3

Selected carbonations

Carbonic anhydrase
In mammalian physiology, transport of carbon dioxide to the lungs involves a carbonation reaction catalyzed by the enzyme carbonic anhydrase.  In the absence of such catalysts, carbon dioxide cannot be expelled sufficient rate to support metabolic needs. The enzyme harbors a zinc aquo complex, which captures carbon dioxide to give a zinc bicarbonate:

Behavior of concrete
In reinforced concrete, the chemical reaction between carbon dioxide 
In the air and calcium hydroxide and hydrated calcium silicate in the concrete is known as neutralisation. The similar reaction in which calcium hydroxide from cement reacts with carbon dioxide and forms insoluble calcium carbonate is carbonatation.

Urea production
Carbonation of ammonia is one step in the industrial production of urea:In 2020, worldwide production capacity was approximately 180 million tonnes.  As a fertilizer, it is a source of nitrogen for plants.
Urea production plants are almost always located adjacent to the site where the ammonia is manufactured.

In the subsequent urea conversion: the ammonium carbamate is decomposed into urea, releasing water:

Solubility
Henry's law states that P=KBx where P is the partial pressure of  gas above the solution. KB is Henry's law constant. KB increases as temperature increases. x is the mole fraction of  gas in the solution. According to Henry's law carbonation increases in a solution as temperature decreases.

Since carbonation is the process of giving compounds like carbonic acid (liq) from CO2  (gas) {i.e. making liquid from gasses} thus the partial pressure of CO2  has to decrease or the mole fraction of CO2 in solution has to increase {P/x  = KB} and both these two conditions support increase in carbonation.

References

Inorganic chemistry
Transition metals
Coordination complexes
Chandler Motor Car. The Chandler Motor  Car Company produced automobiles in the United States of America during the 1910s and 1920s.

Corporate strategy
Chandler was incorporated in 1913, with Frederick C. Chandler as President, headquartered and with its factory in Cleveland, Ohio. Chandler was a former designer for the Lozier Motor Company, a top end luxury automobile manufacturer. Chandler and several other Lozier executives left the company to form his company.

Chandler concentrated on producing a good quality motor-car within the price range of middle class Americans. Chandlers were well received in the marketplace.

Production
In 1920, Chandler had a line of six cars, ranging from $1995 to $3595. This grew to 10 by 1922, ranging from $1495 to $2375. Like many other medium-price carmakers, in the middle 1920s Chandler introduced a lower-priced "companion car" called the Cleveland. In 1924, they introduced the "Traffic Transmission," a constant-mesh gearbox that reduced the need for extra clutching when downshifting. This was several years before General Motors offered the "Synchro-Mesh" transmission, which allowed the driver to shift into first gear while moving forward at low speeds.

Chandler's peak year was 1927, when they sold 20,000 cars. Hopes for continued growth of the market led to overexpansion by the company the following year, which finished 1928 over half a million dollars in debt.

In 1929, Chandler Motor Company was purchased by its expanding competitor Hupp Motor Car Company for its factory and manufacturing facilities, and the brand was discontinued.

Chandler, like most cars built before all-steel bodies became the industry standard in the mid-1930s, used bodies built with a metal skin around a wooden frame (an "armored wood" frame). Due to the use of fabric roofs, after a few decades the wood tended to rot; because of this Chandlers have survived in smaller numbers than some other popular automobiles of the era that used all-steel bodies.

Production models
 Chandler Light Weight Model 19 Touring 1919
 Chandler Metropolitan Sedan, 1922

References 

Manufacturing companies based in Cleveland
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1913
Motor vehicle manufacturers based in Ohio
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States
Defunct manufacturing companies based in Ohio
Historic American Engineering Record in Ohio
Hupmobile
1913 establishments in Ohio
Vehicle manufacturing companies disestablished in 1929
1929 disestablishments in Ohio