omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
MBE. MBE may refer to:

Academic qualifications
 Master of Bioprocess Engineering
 Master of Bioethics
 Master of Bioscience Enterprise
 Master of Business Engineering
 Master of Business Economics

Science and technology 
 The Mid-Brunhes Event, a climatic change at around 430,000 years ago
 Mode-based Execution Control, an x86 virtualization technology 
 Model-based enterprise, a manufacturing strategy where a 3D model of a product is used to guide its life cycle
 Molecular-beam epitaxy, a thin-film crystal growth technique
 Molecular Biology and Evolution, a journal
 Multi-band excitation, a series of speech coding standards
 Multibeam echosounder, a device used to map ocean floors

British honours 

 Member of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire

Other uses
 Mail Boxes Etc., a global chain of retail business service centers
 Management by exception, a style of business management
 Minority business enterprise, a classification of business
 Morning Becomes Eclectic, a radio program
 Multistate Bar Examination, an exam administered to most prospective American lawyers
 Monbetsu Airport's IATA code

See also 
 Mbe (disambiguation)
Vibrator. Vibrator may refer to:

Technology 

 Vibrator (sex toy), a device for massage or sexual pleasure used by both men and women
 Vibrator (mechanical), a class of devices which create mechanical vibrations for uses such as signaling annunciators, doorbells, or industrial uses such as compacting gravel, transporting materials, cleaning, etc.
 Vibrator (electronic), an electronic component in DC power supplies for generating high voltage made obsolete by the late 1960s
 Vibrating alert, used in mobile phones and pagers

Music 

 Vibrator (music), a musical instrument
 The Vibrators, a British punk band
 Vibrator (album), a 1995 album by Terence Trent D'Arby
 "Vibrator", a song by Motörhead on Motörhead (album)
 "Vibrator", a song by Electric Six, on their second album Senor Smoke

Other 
 Multivibrator, an electronic circuit to implement a variety of simple devices
 Vibroseis, a mobile energy source used in seismic exploration
 Vibrator (film), a 2003 film
Fetchmail. Fetchmail is an open-source software utility for POSIX-compliant operating systems which is used to retrieve e-mail from a remote POP3, IMAP, or ODMR mail server to the user's local system. It was developed from the popclient program, written by Carl Harris.

Its chief significance is perhaps that its author, Eric S. Raymond, used it as a model to discuss his theories of open-source software development in a widely read and influential essay on software development methodologies The Cathedral and the Bazaar.

Design 

By design, Fetchmail's only means of delivering messages is by submitting them to the local MTA/Message transfer agent or invoking a mail delivery agent like procmail, maildrop, or sendmail; delivering directly to mail folders such as maildir is not supported.

It is a C program evolved by gradual mutation from an ancestor already written in C.

Dan Bernstein, getmail creator Charles Cazabon and FreeBSD developer Terry Lambert, have criticized Fetchmail's design, its number of security holes, and that it was prematurely put into "maintenance mode". In 2004, a new team of maintainers took over Fetchmail development, and laid out development plans that broke with design decisions that Eric Raymond had made in earlier versions.

See also 

Mail retrieval agent
getmail
fdm
OfflineIMAP

References

External links
 
 Fetchmail at SourceForge

https://sourceforge.net/directory/os:windows/?q=fetchmail

Free email software
Mail delivery agents
Prehnite. Prehnite is an inosilicate of calcium and aluminium with the formula: Ca2Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 with limited Fe3+ substitutes for aluminium in the structure. Prehnite crystallizes in the orthorhombic crystal system, and most often forms as stalactitic, botryoidal, reniform or globular aggregates, with only just the crests of small crystals showing any faces, which are almost always curved or composite. Very rarely will it form distinct, well-individualized crystals showing a square-like cross-section, including those found at the Jeffrey Mine in Asbestos, Quebec, Canada. Prehnite is brittle with an uneven fracture and a vitreous to pearly luster. Its hardness is 6.5, its specific gravity is 2.80–2.95 and its color varies from light green to yellow, but also colorless, blue, pink or white. In April 2000, rare orange prehnite was discovered in the Kalahari Manganese Fields, South Africa. Prehnite is mostly translucent, and rarely transparent.

Though not a zeolite, prehnite is found associated with minerals such as datolite, calcite, apophyllite, epidote, stilbite, laumontite, and heulandite in veins and cavities of basaltic rocks, sometimes in granites, syenites, or gneisses. It is an indicator mineral of the prehnite-pumpellyite metamorphic facies. 

It was first described in 1788 for an occurrence in the Karoo dolerites of Cradock, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. It was named for Colonel Hendrik Von Prehn (1733–1785), commander of the military forces of the Dutch colony at the Cape of Good Hope from 1768 to 1780.

It is used as a gemstone. 

Extensive deposits of gem-quality prehnite occur in the basalt tableland surrounding Wave Hill Station in the central Northern Territory, of Australia.

Gallery

See also

List of minerals
List of minerals named after people

References

Aluminium minerals
Calcium minerals
Gemstones
Inosilicates
Minerals in space group 28
Orthorhombic minerals
Redundancy. Redundancy or redundant may refer to:

Language
 Redundancy (linguistics), information that is expressed more than once

Engineering and computer science
 Data redundancy, database systems which have a field that is repeated in two or more tables
 Logic redundancy, a digital gate network containing circuitry that does not affect the static logic function
 Redundancy (engineering), the duplication of critical components or functions of a system with the intention of increasing reliability
 Redundancy (information theory), the number of bits used to transmit a message minus the number of bits of actual information in the message
 Redundancy in total quality management, quality which exceeds the required quality level, creating unnecessarily high costs
 The same task executed by several different methods in a user interface

Biology
 Codon redundancy, the redundancy of the genetic code exhibited as the multiplicity of three-codon combinations
 Cytokine redundancy, a term in immunology referring to the phenomenon in which, and the ability of, multiple cytokines to exert similar actions
 Gene redundancy, the existence of several genes in the genome of an organism that perform the same role to some extent

As a proper name
 "Redundant" (song), 1997 song by American rock band Green Day
 Redundant (play), 2001 drama by Leo Butler

Other uses
 Redundant church, no longer used for worship
 Redundancy in United Kingdom law, dismissal for economic reasons

See also
 
 
 Voluntary redundancy, termination of employment by agreement between employee and employer
Access time. Access time is the time delay or latency between a request to an electronic system, and the access being initiated or the requested data returned.

In computer and software systems, it is the time interval between the point where an instruction control unit initiates a call to retrieve data or a request to store data, and the point at which delivery of the data is completed or the storage is started. Note that in distributed software systems, access time or latency should be measured through '99th percentile.

See also
 Memory latency
 Mechanical latency
 Rotational latency
 Seek time

References

Network access
Engineering concepts
Adaptive communications. Adaptive communications can mean any communications system, or portion thereof, that automatically uses feedback information obtained from the system itself or from the signals carried by the system to modify dynamically one or more of the system operational parameters to improve system performance or to resist degradation.  
The modification of a system parameter may be discrete, as in hard-switched diversity reception, or may be continuous, as in a 
predetection combining algorithm.

See also
Automatic Link Establishment
Channel use
CALM M5

References

Telecommunications techniques
Adder–subtractor. In digital circuits, an adder–subtractor is a circuit that is capable of adding or subtracting numbers (in particular, binary). Below is a circuit that adds or subtracts depending on a control signal. It is also possible to construct a circuit that performs both addition and subtraction at the same time.

Construction

Having an n-bit adder for A and B, then . Then, assume the numbers are in two's complement. Then to perform , two's complement theory says to invert each bit of A with a NOT gate then add one. This yields , which is easy to do with a slightly modified adder.

By preceding each A input bit on the adder with a 2-to-1 multiplexer where:
 Input 0 (I0) is A
 Input 1 (I1) is 
that has control input D that is also connected to the initial carry, then the modified adder performs
 addition when , or
 subtraction when .
This works because when  the A input to the adder is really  and the carry in is 1.  Adding B to  and 1 yields the desired subtraction of .

A way you can mark number A as positive or negative without using a multiplexer on each bit is to use an XOR gate to precede each bit instead. 
 The first input to the XOR gate is the actual input bit
 The second input for each XOR gate is the control input D
This produces the same truth table for the bit arriving at the adder as the multiplexer solution does since the XOR gate output will be what the input bit is when  and the inverted input bit when .

Role in the arithmetic logic unit

Adders are a part of the core of an arithmetic logic unit (ALU). The control unit decides which operations an ALU should perform (based on the op code being executed) and sets the ALU operation. The D input to the adder–subtractor above would be one such control line from the control unit.

The adder–subtractor above could easily be extended to include more functions. For example, a 2-to-1 multiplexer could be introduced on each Bi that would switch between zero and Bi; this could be used (in conjunction with ) to yield the two's complement of A since .

A further step would be to change the 2-to-1 multiplex on A to a 4-to-1 with the third input being zero, then replicating this on Bi thus yielding the following output functions:
 0 (with both the Ai and Bi inputs set to zero and )
 1 (with both the Ai and Bi inputs set to zero and )
 A (with the Bi input set to zero)
 B (with the Ai input set to zero)
  (with the Bi input set to zero and )
  (with the Ai input set to zero and )
 
 
 
  (with Ai set to invert; Bi set to zero; and )
 −A (with Ai set to invert; Bi set to zero; and )
  (with Bi set to invert; Ai set to zero; and )
 −B (with Bi set to invert; Ai set to zero; and )

By adding more logic in front of the adder, a single adder can be converted into much more than just an adder—an ALU.

See also

 Adder (electronics)
 Carry-lookahead adder
 Carry-save adder
 Adding machine
 Subtractor

References

Telecommunications equipment
Binary arithmetic
Adders (electronics)
Arithmetic logic circuits
Advanced Data Communication Control Procedures. In telecommunications, Advanced Data Communication Control Procedures (or Protocol) (ADCCP) is a bit-oriented data link layer protocol developed by the American National Standards Institute.  It is functionally equivalent to the ISO High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) protocol.

Although the ISO and ANSI standards writers coordinated their work, so the differences between the standards are mainly editorial, there is one meaningful difference: ADCCP's definition of the basic subset required to implement balanced asynchronous mode includes the RSET frame, while HDLC makes it optional.

One major difference between the two is the unnumbered (U) format.   When extended (7-bit) sequence numbers are used, I and S frames have two-byte control fields.  Like early versions of HDLC, ADCCP specifies a 2-byte control field format with the P/F flag duplicated.  Later HDLC specifications, in particular ISO/IEC 13239, changed that to specify that U frames have 1-byte control fields in all cases.

See also
 Data link layer
 High-Level Data Link Control
 Self-synchronizing code

References

 Alt URL

 

Link protocols
Aeronautical Emergency Communications System Plan. In telecommunications, the Aeronautical Emergency Communications System Plan (AECS) provides for the operation of aeronautical communications stations, on a voluntary, organized basis, to provide the President and the Federal Government, as well as multiple heads of state and local governments, or their designated representatives, and the aeronautical industry with an expeditious means of communications during an emergency.

References

Title 47 of the Code of Federal Regulations

Emergency communication
Telecommunications in the United States
Airborne radio relay. Airborne radio relay is a technique employing aircraft fitted with radio relay stations for the purpose of increasing the range, flexibility, or physical security of communications systems. The aircraft may be manned or unmanned aerial vehicles.

Use in Vietnam

One of the first uses of airborne radio relay was by the United States Army's 1st Cavalry Division in the Battle of Ia Drang during the Vietnam War, which employed the technique to improve communications with commanders at headquarters. The action of war had shifted to the borders of Laos and Cambodia, where the hilly terrain made the monetary and human cost of seizing and holding high ground, and airlifting and installing radio relay equipment prohibitive. In 1968, the Department of the Army provided four specially-equipped relay aircraft to the Division, which proved invaluable throughout the country, in particular, during the 1st Cavalry Division's relief of Khe Sanh in 1968.

The use of airborne radio relay was a great success, although two problems arose during the Vietnam War. The first was the limitations of the aircraft used as relays. The 1st Cavalry Division had originally used C-7 Caribous as the relay aircraft, but when these planes were turned over to the Air Force, the equipment was installed in single-engine Otter aircraft, which were too underpowered to carry the heavy equipment required for relay. Eventually, the 1st Signal Brigade was provided with six specially-equipped U-21 aircraft for use in relay operations. The second problem was that of radio frequency interference: the limited frequency spectrum in use for combat radios meant that relay aircraft often interfered with the communication of ground units when their frequencies were overridden by the airborne units. The Army eventually assigned certain frequencies for airborne relay only, although this further limited the frequencies available to ground units.

See also
Battlefield Airborne Communications Node

References

Telecommunications techniques
Aviation communications
Alarm sensor. In telecommunications, the term alarm sensor has the following meanings:

 In communications systems, a device that can sense an abnormal condition within the system and provide a signal indicating the presence or nature of the abnormality to either a local or remote alarm indicator, and (b) may detect events ranging from a simple contact opening or closure to a time-phased automatic shutdown and restart cycle.
 In a physical security system, an approved device used to indicate a change in the physical environment of a facility or a part thereof.
 In electronic security systems, a physical device or change/presence of any electronic signal/logic which causes trigger to electronic circuit to perform application specific operation. In electronic alarm systems the use of this trigger event done by such devices is to turn on the alarm or siren producing sound and/or perform a security calling through telephone lines.

Note:  Alarm sensors may also be redundant or chained, such as when one alarm sensor is used to protect the housing, cabling, or power protected by another alarm sensor.

Source: from Federal Standard 1037C and from MIL-STD-188 and from TRISHAM Software Systems

Telecommunications equipment
Ambient noise level. In atmospheric sounding and noise pollution, ambient noise level (sometimes called background noise level, reference sound level, or room noise level) is the background sound pressure level at a given location, normally specified as a reference level to study a new intrusive sound source.

Ambient sound levels are often measured in order to map sound conditions over a spatial regime to understand their variation with locale.  In this case the product of the investigation is a sound level contour map.  Alternatively ambient noise levels may be measured to provide a reference point for analyzing an intrusive sound to a given environment.  For example, sometimes aircraft noise is studied by measuring ambient sound without presence of any overflights, and then studying the noise addition by measurement or computer simulation of overflight events.  Or roadway noise is measured as ambient sound, prior to introducing a hypothetical noise barrier intended to reduce that ambient noise level.  

Ambient noise level is measured with a sound level meter. It is usually measured in dB relative to a reference pressure of 0.00002 Pa, i.e., 20 μPa (micropascals) in SI units. This is because 20 μPa is the faintest sound the human ear can detect. A pascal is a newton per square meter.  The centimeter-gram-second system of units, the reference sound pressure for measuring ambient noise level is 0.0002 dyn/cm2, or 0.00002 N/m2.  Most frequently ambient noise levels are measured using a frequency weighting filter, the most common being the A-weighting scale, such that resulting measurements are denoted dB(A), or decibels on the A-weighting scale.

See also

A-weighting
Background noise
Environmental noise
Noise barrier
Noise health effects
Noise level in the sonar equation
Noise pollution
Noise regulation

References 

Noise
Noise pollution
Sound
Acoustics

Further reading 
 Assessment of Ambient Noise Levels
de:Umgebungslärm
Artificial transmission line. In telecommunications, an artificial transmission line is a two-port electrical network that has the characteristic impedance, transmission time delay, phase shift, or other parameter(s) of a real transmission line. It can be used to simulate a real transmission line in one or more of these respects.

Early artificial lines were used in telephony research and took the form of a cascade of lattice phase equalisers to provide the necessary delay.  The lattice phase circuit was invented by Otto Zobel in the 1920s.

References

Telecommunications equipment
Asynchronous operation. In telecommunications, asynchronous operation or asynchronous working is where a sequence of operations is executed such that the operations are executed out of time coincidence with any event.  It can also be an operation that occurs without a regular or predictable time relationship to a specified event; e.g., the calling of an error diagnostic routine that may receive control at any time during the execution of a computer program.

Sources 
From Federal Standard 1037C and from MIL-STD-188

External links
 Asynchronous Operations

 Telecommunication theory
Automatic message exchange. Automatic message exchange (AME): In an adaptive high-frequency (HF) radio network, an automated process allowing the transfer of a message from message injection to addressee reception, without human intervention. Through the use of machine-addressable transport guidance information, i.e., the message header, the message is automatically routed through an on-line direct connection through single or multiple transmission media.

External links 

 Source: from Federal Standard 1037C

Radio technology
Automatic sounding. In telecommunications, automatic sounding is the testing of selected channels for quality by providing a very brief identifying transmission that may be used by other stations to evaluate connectivity, and availability, and to identify known working channels for immediate or later use for communications or calling. They are often used to maintain connectivity in digital communications high frequency radio networks.

Automatic soundings are primarily intended to increase the efficiency of the automatic link establishment (ALE) function, thereby increasing system throughput. 

In ALE, the sounding information consists of a heavily error-corrected short message identifying the sender. Recipients decode it and use the bit error rate to calculate and store a (channel, node, quality) tuple. As ionospheric conditions and mobile-node locations change, these quality tuples will shift. The stored data can be used to maximize the chance that the best channel to link with a given partner will be chosen first.

References

Communication circuits
Radio frequency propagation fading
Automatic switching system. In data communications, an automatic switching system is a switching system in which all the operations required to execute the three phases of Information transfer transactions are automatically executed in response to signals from a user end-instrument. 

In an automatic switching system, the information-transfer transaction is performed without human intervention, except for initiation of the access phase and the disengagement phase by a user. 

In telephony, it refers to a telephone exchange in which all the operations required to set up, supervise, and release connections required for telephone calls are automatically performed in response to signals from a calling device.  This distinction lost importance as manual switching declined during the 20th century.

References 

Telephone exchange equipment
Back-to-back connection. A back-to-back connection is the direct connection of the output of one device to the input of a similar or related device.

Telecommunications
In telecommunications, a back-to-back connection can be formed by connecting a transmitter directly to a receiver without a transmission line in between. This is used for equipment measurements and testing purposes. The back-to-back connection eliminates the effects of the transmission medium.

In some cases, the output of a receiving device is instead connected to the input of a transmitting device.

Power transmission 
A back-to-back connection for electric power transmission is a high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) system with both ends in the same switchyard. This is used to couple asynchronously operated power grids or for connecting power grids of different frequencies where no DC transmission line is necessary.

Electronics 
In electronics, a back-to-back connection is the connection of two identical or similar components in series with the opposite polarity. This is used to convert polarised components to non-polar use. Common examples include:
 electrolytic capacitors
 zener diodes

Notes 

Telecommunications techniques
High-voltage direct current
Capacitors
Diodes