omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Maharaja Surajmal Institute of Technology. Maharaja Surajmal Institute of Technology is a private engineering college located in Janakpuri, Delhi. The college is affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University.

Administration
Maharaja Surajmal Institute is a self-financing private institute. The governing body of the institutes (MSI, MSIP and MSIT) is Surajmal Memorial Educational Society (SMES).

Recognition
The Institute is affiliated with G.G.S.I.P. University, New Delhi. ECE, CSE, IT and EEE Department have NBA Accreditation.

Rankings
The National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) ranked the university between 201-300 in the engineering rankings in 2024.

See also
 Maharaja Suraj Mal
 Maharaja Surajmal Institute

References

Education in Delhi
Universities and colleges in Delhi
Colleges of the Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University
PEGASE. PEGASE is a design for a space observatory developed by France in the early 2000s. It combined formation flying with infrared telescopes operating as a double-aperture interferometer. Three free-flying satellites would operate together;a beam combiner and two siderostats. The baseline of the interferometer would be adjustable to between 50 and 500 meters. The goal of the mission is the study of Hot Jupiters ("pegasids"), brown dwarfs and the interior of protoplanetary disks. The design was developed by Centre National d'Études Spatiales and was studied for a launch as early as 2010–2012. However, the Phase-0 part of the study in 2005 suggested it would take 8 or 9 years to develop.

See also
List of proposed space observatories

References

CNES
Exoplanet search projects
Interferometric telescopes
Proposed spacecraft
Space telescopes
Space program of France
Transfer Orbit Stage. The Transfer Orbit Stage (TOS) was an upper stage developed by Martin Marietta for Orbital Sciences Corporation during the late 1980s and early 1990s.  The TOS was designed to be a lower-cost alternative to Inertial Upper Stage and Centaur G upper stages. The TOS was designed to be deployed by the Titan 34D, Commercial Titan III and Space Shuttle.

The main propulsion system of the Transfer Orbit Stage was an Orbus 21 solid rocket motor. Attitude control was provided by hydrazine thrusters. The inertial guidance system used a ring laser gyroscope produced by Honeywell. Its control system employed a digital optimal, time-scheduled control algorithm to provide stability whilst the Orbus 21 was burning, while a phase-plane controller was used to manage its reaction-control system.

Only two Transfer Orbit Stages were launched. The first was launched on 25 September 1992, aboard a Commercial Titan III with the Mars Observer spacecraft bound for Mars. Despite a successful launch, the Mars Observer spacecraft later malfunctioned. The second use of a TOS was the deployment of the Advanced Communications Technology Satellite from  on mission STS-51. This was also successful.

The Transfer Orbit Stage was designed to separate from the Space Shuttle via pyrotechnic devices enclosed in a frangible metal joint known as a Super*Zip. On STS-51, the primary and backup pyrotechnic devices inside the Super*Zip were erroneously fired simultaneously, resulting in minor damage to both the TOS, and the Shuttle's payload bay lining. However, the ACTS satellite deployed successfully and functioned normally on orbit. The Shuttle landed safely despite the anomaly.

References

Rocket stages
Breda Ba.27. The Breda Ba.27 was a fighter produced in Italy in the 1930s, used by the Chinese Nationalist Air Force in the Second Sino-Japanese War.

Design and development
The Ba.27 was a low-wing braced monoplane with fixed tailwheel undercarriage. As originally designed, the Ba.27 had a fuselage of steel tube construction, skinned with light corrugated alloy metal, and wooden wings and tailplane. Evaluation of the two prototypes by the Regia Aeronautica in 1933 was strongly negative, resulting in an extensive redesign of the aircraft. The fuselage shape was made more rounded and the pilot's open cockpit was moved higher and forward to improve visibility. The corrugated skinning was also replaced with smooth sheet metal.

A prototype of this revised version, known as the Metallico, was first flown in June 1934, but Regia Aeronautica's appraisal was only a little more positive.

Operational history
Despite the lack of domestic interest, the type was ordered by the Republic of China for use against Japan. Out of eighteen machines ordered, only eleven were actually delivered.

Variants
Ba.27
Initial prototype, two built.
Ba.27 Metallico
Second improved version, twelve built.

Operators

Chinese Nationalist Air Force received eleven aircraft.

Specifications (Metallico)

See also

References

Bibliography

External links

 Breda Ba.27
 Breda Ba.27

Ba.027
1930s Italian fighter aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1933
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Breda Ba.44. The Breda Ba.44 was a biplane airliner developed in Italy in the mid-1930s and which saw limited military service when impressed into the Regia Aeronautica as transports.

Design and development
The design of the Ba.44 was developed from that of the de Havilland Dragon Rapide, for which Breda had purchased a manufacturing licence. Breda engineers believed that making some changes would better suit the aircraft to the company's manufacturing techniques, the biggest differences in the prototype Ba.44 being the design of the cockpit and empennage, and the change to locally produced Colombo S.63 engines. In production, however, these were changed back to the same de Havilland Gipsy Six engines as the Dragon Rapide.

Operational history
Four examples were purchased by Ala Littoria, which utilized it on its Albanian routes, while the prototype was sold to the Regia Aeronautica, which deployed it as a VIP transport and air ambulance in Libya. The pleasing performance of the aircraft in this role led to the air force impressing the civil Ba.44s in 1936.

The government of Paraguay purchased one Ba.44 for its Military Aviation in 1933 and it was used as an air ambulance/transport in the Chaco War. In 1945, this Ba.44 was transferred to the first Paraguayan Airline, L.A.T.N. (Líneas Aéreas de Transporte Nacional) and was withdrawn from service in 1947.

Besides North Africa, the Ba.44s saw service in the Italian campaigns in Albania, Greece, and Yugoslavia.

Operators

Ala Littoria received 4 aircraft, all were taken over by military aviation.
Regia Aeronautica received prototype and took over four civilian aircraft in 1936.

Paraguayan Air Arm bought one aircraft in air ambulance/transport variant.
Líneas Aéreas de Transporte Nacional (LATN) used one ex-Paraguayan Air Arm Ba.44.

Specifications

See also

References

Bibliography

 Sapienza Fracchia, Antonio Luis: "La Contribución Italiana en la Aviación Paraguaya". Author's edition. Asunción. 2007.

External links

 Уголок неба

Ba.044
1930s Italian airliners
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1934
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
EVB. EVB may refer to:

 Eisenbahnen und Verkehrsbetriebe Elbe-Weser, a German rail and bus company
 Eleanor Vere Boyle (1825–1916), Scottish artist
 Electric-vehicle battery
 Embedded Visual Basic
 Empirical valence bond
 Evaluation board
 New Smyrna Beach Municipal Airport in Florida, United States
 Public Eye (organization) (German: ), a Swiss sustainability organization
Timeline of artificial intelligence. This is a timeline of artificial intelligence, sometimes alternatively called synthetic intelligence.

Antiquity, Classical and Medieval eras

1600-1900

20th century

1901–1950

1950s

1960s

1970s

1980s

1990s

21st century

2000s

2010s

2020s

See also
 Timeline of machine translation
 Timeline of machine learning

Notes

References

Sources

Further reading

External links
 
 

Artificial intelligence

Contemporary history
Three Rivers Computer Corporation. The Three Rivers Computer Corporation (3RCC) was a spinoff from the Research Engineering Laboratory of the Computer Science Department of Carnegie Mellon University, and was founded in May 1974 by Brian S. Rosen, James R. Teter, William H. Broadley, J. Stanley Kriz, D. Raj Reddy and Paul G. Newbury in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States to manufacture advanced technology computer displays, peripherals, and systems.

Early products included: the GDP/2A Graphics Display processor with high speed vector generator capable of drawing in excess of 50,000 vectors at 60 Hz refresh rates; a CVD/2 Color Video Display System that displayed a full color raster scanned image with a unique data compression algorithm capable of full frame animation display; ADA-16 Analog to Digital and Digital to Analog converters for high fidelity music and speech research, and a UMB-11 Unibus Monitor that was a low-cost test instrument for PDP-11 series minicomputers. In 1979, the company launched its principal products, a line of workstation computers called PERQ, which were single-user high performance workstations with the power of a medium-scale mainframe computer from that era coupled with a versatile graphics display. In the summer of 1980, the company divested itself of all activities other than those related to PERQ.

From 1981 onwards, 3RCC developed and produced the PERQ jointly with ICL in the United Kingdom. 3RCC changed its name to PERQ Systems Corporation in 1984, but became insolvent in 1985.

External links
 PERQ History

1974 establishments in Pennsylvania
1985 disestablishments in Pennsylvania
American companies established in 1974
American companies disestablished in 1985
Carnegie Mellon University
Computer companies established in 1974
Computer companies disestablished in 1985
Defunct companies based in Pennsylvania
Defunct computer companies of the United States
Defunct computer hardware companies
Defunct computer systems companies
Technology companies established in 1974
Technology companies disestablished in 1985
ARQ. ARQ or Arq may refer to:
Automatic Repeat-reQuest, an error control mechanism for data transmission
An admission request in H.323 Registration, Admission and Status (RAS) messages
ARQ (film), a 2016 American film
ARQ (journal), an architecture journal
ISO 639-3 code for Algerian Arabic
 ARQ, a query engine for Jena

See also
 Arc (disambiguation)
 ARC (disambiguation)
 Ark
Manley & Associates. Manley & Associates was an independent software developer, founded in 1982, which developed or ported over 70 video games, multimedia, and educational entertainment titles which were published by other companies, including Electronic Arts, Activision, Disney, GameTek, Publishing International, and Spectrum HoloByte. Many of the company's early games were one or two person projects created in founder Ivan Manley's house, but eventually it grew to roughly 60 people working from an office park in Issaquah, Washington.

In the mid-1990s, Manley & Associates ported some games for Electronic Arts and was subsequently acquired by EA in 1996. Explaining the decision to sell the company to EA, Ivan Manley said that in order to invest in newer technologies, Manley & Associates had to either become a publisher or merge with an established publisher. The studio was relocated to neighboring Bellevue, Washington and renamed Electronic Arts Seattle. EA Seattle closed in 2002 and EA moved half the people to EA Vancouver, the rest were fired.

Games developed
As Manley & Associates
Hometown, U.S.A. (1988) (MS-DOS, Mac, Apple II, Apple IIGS, C64, Amiga, FMTowns)
Pharaoh's Revenge (1988) (Apple II, C64, MS-DOS)
The Third Courier (1989)
Xenocide (1990) (MS-DOS), port
Ninja Gaiden II: The Dark Sword of Chaos (1991) (Amiga, MS-DOS), port
Are We There Yet? (1991) (MS-DOS)
Home Alone (1991) (Amiga, MS-DOS)
An American Tail: The Computer Adventures of Fievel and His Friends (1992) (MS-DOS)
Paperboy 2 (1992) (Game Gear), port
Home Alone 2: Lost in New York (1993) (MS-DOS)
Super Conflict (1993) (SNES)
The Wizard of Oz (1993) (SNES)
Pink Goes to Hollywood (1993) (SNES)
DinoPark Tycoon (1993) (MS-DOS, Mac, 3DO)
Wolf (1994) (MS-DOS)
WildSnake (1994) (SNES), designed externally
King Arthur & the Knights of Justice (1995) (SNES)
Lion (1995) (MS-DOS)

As EA Seattle
Need for Speed II (1997)
Need for Speed III: Hot Pursuit (1998)
Need for Speed: High Stakes (1999)
Championship Bass (2000)
Motor City Online (2001)
Matt Hayes' Fishing (2002)
Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit 2 (2002)(PC)

References

1982 establishments in Washington (state)
2002 disestablishments in Washington (state)
1996 mergers and acquisitions
Video game companies established in 1982
Video game companies disestablished in 2002
Defunct companies based in Washington (state)
Electronic Arts subsidiaries
Organizations based in Issaquah, Washington
Companies based in Bellevue, Washington
Defunct video game companies of the United States
Video game development companies
Recognized air picture. A recognized air picture or RAP is a (theoretically) complete listing of all aircraft in flight within a particular airspace, with each aircraft being identified as friendly or hostile, and ideally containing additional information such as type of aircraft, flight number, and flight plan. The information may be drawn from a number of different sources, including military radar, civilian air traffic controllers, and allied nations or multi-national organizations such as NATO.

For the United States and Canada, the Recognized Air Picture is maintained continuously by NORAD at Peterson Air Force Base (with Cheyenne Mountain Complex as a warm standby). In the United Kingdom, it is maintained by the United Kingdom Combined Air Operations Centre at RAF Air Command at RAF High Wycombe. For the rest of Europe, NATO has an Air Command and Control System program underway to unify the various systems in use by NATO members throughout Europe.

References

Military air traffic control
Military science
Military aviation
Ludwig Zehnder. Ludwig Louis Albert Zehnder (4 May 1854, in Illnau – 24 March 1949, in Oberhofen am Thunersee) was a Swiss physicist, one of the inventors of the Mach–Zehnder interferometer.

Early life 
Zehnder studied mechanical engineering in Zurich from 1873 to 1875. After that, he ran a factory for electrical equipment in Basel for 15 years. However, this did not satisfy him in the long run and he went to Berlin in 1885 to study physics with Hermann von Helmholtz.

Zehnder was a student of Wilhelm Röntgen, professor of physics at the universities of Freiburg and Basel. He produced the first pictures of the human skeleton in 1896 by shining x-rays through the human body.

References 

1854 births
1949 deaths
Swiss physicists
Optical physicists
Illnau-Effretikon
People from Pfäffikon District
Shahbal. Shahbal is an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) designed by a group of aerospace engineers at Sharif University of Technology.

Design and development
Shahbal was designed by the team of three newly graduated aerospace engineers of Sharif University of Technology, namely Alireza, Amirreza Kosari and Mohammad Rahim.

Originating from a national competition, Shahbal was first designed to fulfill the contest requirements. Right at the beginning stages, the development team expanded their goals.
Shahbal was awarded the Best Design Prize during the first National UAV Design Competition (NUDC-2006) of Iran and was awarded as a top-ranked vehicle after passing all the flight tests planned for the contest.

Technical design

Shahbal is a close-range multi-role UAV and is well-designed for surveillance/reconnaissance missions, along with patrols and pilot trainings. The structure is mainly composites and with a small radar cross section (RCS), Shahbal is able to complete its missions very close to the enemy radars.
The twin tail configuration empowers Shahbal of high sharp and fast maneuvers in both civil and military applications. Control is both in manual (radio control) and autopilot (GPS/INS) mode. The autopilot used is a MP2000 of MicroPilot; also Shahbal is designed to fulfill nap-of-the-earth maneuvers such as terrain following and terrain avoidance.
The landing gear mechanism is a fix tricycle plus an arresting hook. Powerplant is a 4.5 hp ZDZ engine installed as pusher, at the end of main body.
Mission payloads are depending on the type of mission, and range from small cameras and telemetry systems to heavy munitions and weapons. Maximum payload weight is 5.5 kg (12 lb).

Specifications

See also

External links
Official National UAV Design Competition website
National UAV Design Competition website on Sharif University Technology

Unmanned aerial vehicles of Iran
Aircraft manufactured in Iran
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Twin-boom aircraft
Cyberknife (device). The CyberKnife system is a radiation therapy device manufactured by Accuray. The system is used to deliver radiosurgery for the treatment of benign tumors, malignant tumors and other medical conditions.

Device
The device consists of a small linear accelerator attached to a robotic arm, along with an integrated image guidance system. During treatment, the image guidance system captures 3D images, tracks the movement of tumors, and guides the robotic arm to accurately aim the treatment beam at the moving tumor.

The system is designed for stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). The system is also used for select 3D conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) and intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT).

History
The development of the system began in 1989 with contributions from John R. Adler, a surgeon at Stanford University, and Peter and Russell Schonberg of Schonberg Radiation Corporation. This work expanded upon earlier efforts in the 1980s to adapt standard linear accelerators for radiosurgery. The inaugural CyberKnife system was installed at Stanford University in 1991, receiving clearance for clinical investigation by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1994. Following extensive clinical research, the FDA granted approval for the treatment of intracranial tumors in 1999 and for tumors throughout the body in 2001. Subsequently, Accuray has introduced seven CyberKnife System models, including the CyberKnife G3 System (2005), CyberKnife G4 System (2007), CyberKnife VSI System (2009), CyberKnife M6 System (2012), and CyberKnife S7 System (2020).

Clinical application
The system is used to treat tumors of the pancreas, liver, prostate, spine, cancer of the throat and brain, and benign tumors.

See also

Image-guided radiation therapy
Horsley–Clarke apparatus
Gamma knife
Robotic surgery

References

External links 
 Accuray Inc.

Further reading 
 
 Principles and Practice of Stereotactic Radiosurgery, Lawrence Chin, MD and William Regine, MD, Editors (2008)

Radiation therapy procedures
Neurosurgery
Surgical robots
Robots of the United States
1990 robots
Protein-bound paclitaxel. Protein-bound paclitaxel, also known as nanoparticle albumin–bound paclitaxel or  nab-paclitaxel, is an injectable formulation of paclitaxel used to treat breast cancer, lung cancer and pancreatic cancer, among others. Paclitaxel kills cancer cells by preventing the normal breakdown of microtubules during cell division. In this formulation, paclitaxel is bonded to albumin as a delivery vehicle. It is manufactured and sold in the United States by Celgene under the trade name Abraxane where it is designated as an orphan drug as first-line treatment, in combination with gemcitabine, for the orphan disease "metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas".

This treatment was approved in the United States in 2005, and the European Union in 2008, for breast cancer cases where cancer did not respond to other chemotherapy or has relapsed. In 2012, the FDA widened the approved uses to include treatment for NSCLC. In 2013, the FDA approved protein-bound paclitaxel for use in treating advanced pancreatic cancer as a less toxic (although less effective) alternative to FOLFIRINOX.

Society and culture
Abraxane is registered on the Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods for the treatment of metastatic carcinoma of the breast after failure of anthracycline therapy. Abraxane is also included on the Schedule of the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme although the manufacturer was unable to convince the independent Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee that the drug warranted a higher price than existing comparator drugs. Protein-bound paclitaxel was developed by VivoRx which became Abraxis BioScience as the first in its class of drugs to use the nanoparticle albumin bound (nab) technology platform.

In 2010, Abraxis was acquired by Celgene, which now markets Abraxane. Total revenue from the sales of Abraxane for 2009 were $314.5 million.  In 2013, Abraxane was FDA approved for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. In 2014, Abraxane's sales were $848 million, 31 percent year-over-year increase.

The UK's National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) announced in 2015, that it would not support the routine use of protein-bound paclitaxel in advanced pancreatic cancer on the NHS. However, this decision was changed in September 2017. It has continued to be reimbursed in England since then, despite questionable real world effectiveness.

References

Further reading 

 
 
 

Breast cancer
Drugs developed by Bristol Myers Squibb
Mitotic inhibitors
Orphan drugs
Board shear. Used extensively in bookbinding, a board shear is a large, hand-operated machine for cutting board or paper.  Like scissors, a board shear uses two blades to apply shear stress exceeding the paper's shear strength in order to cut.  The stationary blade forms the edge of the cutting table, with the moving blade mounted on a cutting arm.  Originally known as a table gauge shear because its gauge allowed the cutting of consistently-sized materials, the board shear resembles a larger version of the paper cutters commonly found in offices.

The earliest known reference to a board shear comes from an 1842 supplement to Penny Magazine, titled A Day at a Bookbinder's, which included a drawing of a board shear with many of the major developments already present.  An 1854 article on the history of bookbinding from The Bookbinder's Trade Circular describes early board shears, and places their development in "about 1836"; credit for the invention is ascribed to Warren De La Rue in the Reports of the Juries from the Great Exhibition of 1851.

Many modifications of the basic design were made in the 19th century, with changes such as rack-and-pinion adjustment for the outer gauge and improved clamp bars.

See also 
 Paper cutter

References 

Book arts
Bookbinding
Engineering Society of Detroit. The Engineering Society of Detroit (also known as ESD) is a regional engineering association, headquartered in Southfield, Michigan, serving engineers and related technical professionals in Southeast Michigan. The Society was founded in 1895 by a group of graduates from the University of Michigan, originally calling it the Detroit Association of Graduate Engineers.

Individual Members of ESD can be elected to the grade of "Fellow" by the ESD Board of directors.  The existing College of Fellows nominates candidates for the consideration of the Board of directors.  Fellows are designated by the post-nominal FESD. Notable Fellows of ESD have included or do include Alex Dow, Henry Ford, Henry Ford II, Lee Iacocca, Albert Kahn, Keith Crain, Dr. David Cole and G. Richard Wagoner, Jr.

References

Engineering societies based in the United States
Clubs and societies in Michigan
Southfield, Michigan
Organizations established in 1895
1895 establishments in Michigan
Organizations based in Detroit