omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Long reach excavator. A long reach excavator is a type of excavator where the arm has been extended to reach further than a normal excavator would. It is often used in demolition of buildings, but it can also be used in other applications.

History
The term long reach excavator was probably first coined by Richard Melhuish, the Chairman of Land & Water. During the 1970s, Land & Water operated the UK's first hire fleet of these new and innovative long reach hydraulic excavators. In fact they still operate the largest fleet of long-reaches in the UK. Land & Water's first long reach excavator was the Hymac 580 BT All Hydraulic 360 “Waterway” machine, designed for work on waterways. These early machines from Hymac came to be widely preferred to the more traditional drag lines designs.

Around the same time Priestman (and later Ruston Bucyrus) VC (Variable Counterweight) excavators started to become more popular. However, the work VC machines could achieve was slightly constrained by design limitations compared to fully hydraulic "long reach" machines, especially with the arrival of more reliable machines from Japan built by manufacturers such as Hitachi and Komatsu. These Japanese designed machines hardly ever leaked hydraulic fluid.

Applications
Long reach machines are not suitable for the high side twisting forces that can be exerted by demolition attachments and many demolition machines are unstable at large radius. They are often assisted with electronic cut off devices that restrict the operating radius of the machine. Long reach machines are particularly useful in dredging operations.

Related machines
The high reach excavator is a development of the excavator with an especially long boom arm, that is primarily used for demolition. Instead of excavating ditches, the high reach excavator is designed to reach the upper stories of buildings that are being demolished and pull down the structure in a controlled fashion. It has largely replaced the wrecking ball as the primary tool for demolition.

Ultra high reach demolition excavators (UHD) are demolition excavators with several tens of meters of reach. Reaches of up to  are in operation as of 2016. , there are UHD machines that can reach .

Trivia
The long reach excavator imported to New Zealand for demolitions of tall buildings following the 2010 and 2011 earthquakes has been nicknamed Twinkle Toes. It is the largest excavator in the Southern Hemisphere.

References

Engineering vehicles
Excavators
Button, Button (Asimov short story). "Button, Button" is a science fiction short story by American writer Isaac Asimov. The story first appeared in a January 1953 issue of Startling Stories and was reprinted in the 1975 collection Buy Jupiter and Other Stories. It is one of several stories by Asimov in which he deliberately set out to be funny.

Plot summary
Otto Schlemmelmayer, an eccentric professor, develops a method of linking brain power to creating physical effects. When his effect is modified to create weapons of war, he turns in disgust to the real love of his life - creating a flute that can be played by mental power alone.

To raise the capital required for this project, he colludes with his nephew Harry Smith — a less-than-ethical lawyer and the story's narrator — to use another new invention of his that can reach back into time and retrieve objects (a theme also appearing in "The Ugly Little Boy" and "A Statue for Father").

They plan to retrieve a signature of one of the signatories of the United States Declaration of Independence, Button Gwinnett, which is rare and therefore potentially valuable. The signature is successfully recovered. The experiment works and they present a piece of genuine parchment with a genuine signature to the government for authentication. The scheme fails when the government investigators decide that the parchment is too new to be genuine; because it skipped forward hundreds of years in time, the parchment scrap appears only a year or two old.

References

External links
 
 

Short stories by Isaac Asimov
1952 short stories
Works originally published in Startling Stories
Compensating transaction. The execution of a business process consists of one or more transactions. Each transaction may consist of several individual operations yet, as a whole, it moves the system between consistent states.

There are two groups of systems where compensating transaction may be applied:

1. In the context of a database this is often easily achieved using transactions and the commit/rollback mechanism. Compensating transaction logic could be implemented as additional on top of database supporting commit/rollback. In that case, we can decrease business transaction granularity.

2. For systems without a commit/rollback mechanism available, one can undo a failed transaction with a compensating transaction, which will bring the system back to its initial state. Typically, this is only a workaround which has to be implemented manually and cannot guarantee that the system always ends in a consistent state. The system designer may need to consider what happens if the compensating transaction also fails.

Compensating transactions are also used in case where a transaction is long lived (commonly called Saga Transactions), for instance in a business process requiring user input. In such cases, data will be committed to permanent storage, but may subsequently need to be rolled back, perhaps due to the user opting to cancel the operation. Unlike conventional rollbacks, specific business logic will typically be required to roll back a long lived transaction and restore the system to its original state. This type of transaction differs from distributed transactions (often implemented using the two-phase-commit protocol), because although both types of transactions can result in multiple data stores being updated, compensating transactions allows for the updates to span a long period of time.

Compensating transactions are often designed into Web services that participate in the execution of business processes that are part of a service-oriented architecture solution.

Note that compensating transactions don't always work.

See also
Business Process Execution Language

References

Data synchronization
Transaction processing
Akizuki-class destroyer (2010). The Akizuki class of destroyers of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force is intended to escort the  and  helicopter destroyers, and safeguard the other Aegis-capable warships such as the  and . The destroyer provides defense against surface, airborne and undersea threats. The class was initially designated as "19DD", referring to a date on the Japanese calendar, specifically the 19th fiscal year of the Heisei period (2007).

Design

The hull structure was based on the one of the s. There are many small improvements, such as cleaner lines to reduce the radar signature and decoys for torpedoes; but the principal changes can be summed up as more powerful engines, sensors, sonar and the indigenous ATECS battle management system that has been called the Japanese AEGIS. The main gas turbine engines are standardized on a higher-powered version of the Rolls-Royce Spey SM1C, in contrast to the combination of Rolls-Royce SM1C and General Electric LM2500 turbines used in the Takanami class.

Equipment
The purpose of this class is to shield the  from air, surface and subsurface threats. Main features of the class include enhanced C4ISR and Anti-Aircraft Warfare (AAW) capability, with an OYQ-11 advanced Combat Direction Sub-system (CDS) and FCS-3A AAW weapon sub-system.

OYQ-11
This is the first CDS adopting a fully distributed computing architecture to be implemented in general-purpose destroyers of the JMSDF. AN/UYQ-70 workstations form the basic computing platform, with Link 16 datalinks. In addition to the CDS, this class is equipped with SATCOM terminals linked to Superbird satellites, part of the Maritime Operation Force (MOF) system. The MOF system is the operational C4I system used in the fleet of the JMSDF, based on the ILOG architecture and interoperable with other JSDF forces. There are also USC-42 DAMA terminals for GCCS-M, the American counterpart of the MOF system.

FCS-3A
This is a domestically developed AAW combat system. It consists of two main components, one is a dual-band and multimode active electronically scanned array radar, and the other is the fire-control system. The FCS-3A is the derivative of the FCS-3 of the , changing material of its transmitter-receiver modules from gallium arsenide to gallium nitride and introducing additional Local Area Defense (LAD) capability. An ESSM SAM VLS is integrated with the FCS-3A.
Anti-submarine and Electronic Warfare (EW) capabilities of the Akizuki class have been enhanced, with a new OQQ-22 integrated sonar suite sub-system (hull-sonar and OQR-3 towed array; - a Japanese equivalent of the American AN/SQQ-89), and the NOLQ-3D digitalized EW suite sub-system. These sub-systems communicate across a NOYQ-1B wide area network. These systems are comparable to those of the .

Gallery

Ships in the class

References

External links

Ministry of Defense  (2006 Prior enterprise evaluation) (Japanese)
Summary
Reference
Prior evaluation note

 
Destroyer classes
Ships built by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
Articles containing video clips
ETX (form factor). ETX, standing for Embedded Technology eXtended, is an integrated and compact  computer-on-module (COM) form factor, which can be used in a design application much like an integrated circuit component.  Each ETX COM integrates core CPU and memory functionality, the common I/O of a PC/AT (serial, parallel, etc.), USB, audio, graphics, and Ethernet. All I/O signals as well as a full implementation of ISA and PCI buses are mapped to four high-density, low-profile connectors on the bottom side of the module.

ETX boards are available with AMD Geode, VIA, Intel Atom, Pentium, Celeron and Core Duo processors.

XTX offers a 75% pin-compatible upgrade path to ETX standard. XTX drops the ISA bus and adds PCI-Express, SATA, and LPC.

COM Express was released in 2005 from PICMG.

History
The Embedded Technology eXtended (ETX) specification, first developed by Kontron (formerly *JUMPtec) in early 2000.

In April 2006, the members of the ETX Industrial Group released the next generation of the ETX 3.0 specification. The ETX Industrial Group is an independent association of companies that work to exchange knowledge about ETX. Membership is open to companies which develop and produce ETX modules. Members include Kontron Embedded Modules GmbH, congatec AG, Advantech, MSC Vertriebs GmbH,  ADLINK Technology Inc., Avalue Technology Inc., SECO Srl, Arbor Technology Corp., Axiomtek Co., Blue Chip Technology, AAEON Technology Inc., AEWIN Technologies IBase, Honeywell – CMSS and Portwell.

3.0 specification
The ETX 3.0 Specification is compact form factor,  95 × 114 mm (3.7 × 4.4 inches) in size. It extends the original ETX standard and adds two Serial ATA (SATA) interfaces. This is done without changing any of the ETX pin designations, making new modules pin-to-pin compatible with previous versions.

Modules designed according to the ETX 3.0 specification integrate two SATA ports via two slim line connectors designed onto the top side of the CPU Module in the vicinity of X4. The module or carrier board ETX connectors do not require any changes to use the faster SATA hard drives.

Mandatory features:
 Connector X1: PCI bus, USB Audio
 Connector X2: ISA BUS
 Connector X3: VGA, LCD, Video, COM 1, COM2, LPT/Floppy, IrDA, Mouse, Keyboard
 Connector X4: IDE 1, IDE 2, Ethernet, miscellaneous
 SATA: Two ports via connector on the top side (as of version 3.0)

External links

 ETX Specification V3.02
 ETX Design Guide
 ETX 3.0: SATA integration overview - PC/104 and Small Form Factors

Motherboard form factors
Computer hardware standards
Glucydur. Glucydur is the trade name of a metal alloy with a low coefficient of thermal expansion, used for making balance wheels and other parts of mechanical watches.

Glucydur is a beryllium bronze; an alloy of beryllium, copper and iron. In addition to its low coefficient of thermal expansion, its  hardness (400 Brinell), nonmagnetizability, and resistance to deformation and damage make it suited for making precision parts that must have high dimensional stability. Glucydur is also resistant to corrosion; it is rather inert chemically. 

Glucydur was developed about the same time as another non-magnetic material, Nivarox.

References 
 .  Technical article on construction of watch balance wheels, on watch repair website.

Copper alloys
Ferrous alloys
Beryllium alloys
Timekeeping components
Low thermal expansion materials
Freelance model. Freelance, in aerial, railway, naval, or bus model building, refers to companies that produce models that are not based on existing livery.
Such models are sometimes frowned upon in the model-building community because they do not represent existing items, but are original designs.

Since they require no licensing fees for trademark and design owners, and can thus be produced less expensively, freelance models are quite popular in the United States. They have not become popular in Europe, although a few European companies produce them.

Freelance companies

Railway 
 FTL - Ferrovie e Tranvie Locali - Local Railroads and Tramways
 Beetrains
 SAFF - Società Anonima Ferrovie Federate - Joint-stock company Federate Railroads
 So.Ge.R.I.T.
 SITAV Società Intermodale Trasporti Alta Valle - High Valley Intermodal Society Transport
 FRA Ferrovie Regionali dell'Appennino - Regional Railways of Apennine

Bus 
 SAFF - Società Anonima Ferrovie Federate - Joint-stock company Federate Railroads

Scale modeling
Interconnect User Part. Interconnect User Part (IUP) is a national specific Signaling System 7 protocol for interconnect between public telephone networks in the United Kingdom. This protocol was formerly known as BTNUP.

It is specified in document PNO-ISC/SPEC/006 which is published by the NICC as ND1006:2007/05 .

Signaling System 7
Integrated Services Digital Network
Design of Systems on Silicon. Design of Systems on Silicon, officially Diseño de Sistemas en Silicio S.A., (DS2), was a supplier of integrated circuits and software for power line communications. 
The company was founded in 1998, and went out of business in 2010 after trying to expand into other home network technologies.

Standards
DS2 developed products compliant with the 200 Mbit/s specification developed by the Universal Powerline Association (UPA).
The products can be used to create a local area network, often called as a home network  within a residence using existing electrical power wires.

In December 2008, DS2 announced plans to develop the DSS9960 chip, which was to be a dual-mode device interoperable both with the ITU-T G.hn standard and with the UPA specification. 
The UPA technology had been proposed (but not accepted) into the IEEE 1901 standard.

DS2 demonstrated their G.hn development at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in January 2010.
Prototypes used the three medium types used by G.hn (coax, phoneline, and powerline).

History
DS2 was started in 1998 at the European Innovative Companies Center (CEEI) in the Paterna Technology Park. The company reported $20 million in sales in 2008, compared to $15 million in 2007 and $12 million in 2006. It had over 140 employees in 2008.

Jorge Blasco, president and CEO of DS2, was nominated for the European Inventor of the Year Award. The European Inventor of the Year Award ceremony was held in Madrid, Spain along with the European Patent Forum in April 2010.
A video  at the European Patent Office explains the nomination and the invention.

On 5 March 2010, DS2 entered the Spanish equivalent of voluntary chapter 11 bankruptcy (concurso de acreedores, in Spanish). 
On 19 August 2010, Marvell Technology Group announced it acquired the intellectual property and assets of DS2.

References

External links
 
 

Technology companies of Spain
Electronics companies of Spain
Defunct companies of Spain
Industrial history of Spain
Sílvio Meira. Sílvio Romero de Lemos Meira (Taperoá, Paraíba, 2 February 1955) is a Brazilian computer scientist, professor and entrepreneur in the area of software engineering and innovation. Currently, he is an emeritus professor at the Centre of Informatics of the Federal University of Pernambuco. Additionally, he also is the chairman of the Porto Digital - the biggest Brazilian tech park - and is member of the board of directors in several companies. Meira is also founder and chief scientist at tds.company.

He is co-founder of the Recife Center for Advanced Studies and Systems, where he served as chief scientist for 12 years.

References

External links

1955 births
Living people
People from Paraíba
Brazilian computer scientists
Brazilian columnists
Brazilian male bloggers
Software engineering researchers
Academic staff of the Federal University of Pernambuco
Commanders of the National Order of Scientific Merit (Brazil)
Alumni of the University of Kent
Liquid state machine. A liquid state machine (LSM) is a type of reservoir computer that uses a spiking neural network. An LSM consists of a large collection of units (called nodes, or neurons). Each node receives time varying input from external sources (the inputs) as well as from other nodes. Nodes are randomly connected to each other. The recurrent nature of the connections turns the time varying input into a spatio-temporal pattern of activations in the network nodes. The spatio-temporal patterns of activation are read out by linear discriminant units.

The soup of recurrently connected nodes will end up computing a large variety of nonlinear functions on the input. Given a large enough variety of such nonlinear functions, it is theoretically possible to obtain linear combinations (using the read out units) to perform whatever mathematical operation is needed to perform a certain task, such as speech recognition or computer vision.

The word liquid in the name comes from the analogy drawn to dropping a stone into a still body of water or other liquid. The falling stone will generate ripples in the liquid. The input (motion of the falling stone) has been converted into a spatio-temporal pattern of liquid displacement (ripples).

LSMs have been put forward as a way to explain the operation of brains. LSMs are argued to be an improvement over the theory of artificial neural networks because:

Circuits are not hard coded to perform a specific task.
Continuous time inputs are handled "naturally".
Computations on various time scales can be done using the same network.
The same network can perform multiple computations.

Criticisms of LSMs as used in computational neuroscience are that
LSMs don't actually explain how the brain functions. At best they can replicate some parts of brain functionality.
There is no guaranteed way to dissect a working network and figure out how or what computations are being performed.
There is very little control over the process.

Universal function approximation 
If a reservoir has fading memory and input separability, with help of a readout, it can be proven the liquid state machine is a universal function approximator using Stone–Weierstrass theorem.

See also 
 Echo state network: similar concept in recurrent neural network
 Reservoir computing: the conceptual framework
 Self-organizing map

Libraries 
 LiquidC#: Implementation of topologically robust liquid state machine   with a neuronal network detector

References 

Artificial neural networks
Sensitive skin (electronic device). Sensitive skin, also known as sensate skin or electronic skin (e-skin), is an electronic sensing skin placed on the surface of a machine such as a robotic arm. The goal of the skin is to sense important environmental parameters—such as proximity to objects, heat, moisture, and direct touch sensations. Examples of a sensitive skin have been made by a group at the University of Tokyo led by Prof. Takao Someya.

The group's work has been published in Nature, Science and Advanced Materials journals, as well as Proceedings of the (United States) National Academy of Sciences. They have demonstrated pressure and temperature measurements at a resolution of a few millimeters, as well as organic transistors, organic solar cells, and organic light emitting diodes about 1 μm thick.

The sensor arrays are based on many organic thin film transistors that are turned on one at a time and the current that flows through the sensor (electrical resistance-based) tells you how much pressure is being sensed. They have simultaneously measured pressure and temperature by using two separate arrays and laying one on top of another.

See also
 Electronic nose
 Electronic skin
 Tactile sensor

References

Takao Someya Group at University of Tokyo

Robotic sensing
Medical equipment
Rocksource. Rocksource was a technology-based exploration and production petroleum company listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange. The company was established as a partnership between Norwegian entrepreneurs, oil industry professionals and academics, Jonny Hesthammer and John Howell from the University of Bergen. The company focused on two areas. For exploration the company developed algorithms for the processing of Controlled Source Electromagnetic (CSEM) data which were used as part of an integrated exploration process. Secondly the company successfully exported "North Sea style" reservoir management techniques to the highly conservative onshore gas fields of east Texas where it bought old oil and gas fields and revitalized them.

Rocksource built up a portfolio of exploration acreage that was suitable for de-risking using CSEM. The first tranche of wells were drilled in 2011 with mixed results, including a marginal discovery in the Barents Sea. The results were perceived negatively by investors and the share price fell sharply. The subsequent discovery of the Pil and Bue fields in 2014 saw the company as successful but underfunded. This led to the company being delisted and purchased by Hitech Vision. Rocksources was combined with other Hitech companies to create Var Energi.

External links

 RGT Annual Report 2005

Engineering companies of Norway
Oil companies of Norway
Companies based in Oslo
Companies listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange