omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
LMS Class 7F 0-8-0. The London, Midland and Scottish Railway Fowler Class 7F was a class of 0-8-0 steam locomotives. They were a Midlandised version of the London and North Western Railway (LNWR) Class G2 and Class G2A 0-8-0s.  They were also classified as Class G3 under the former LNWR system.  The class were sometimes known as Baby Austins, or Austin 7s, after a motor car that was becoming popular at the time.

Overview

It featured a Belpaire firebox and increased boiler pressure over its predecessor but had the same power rating of 7F. Because the design had been done at the old Midland Railway's Derby Works, the drawing office staff insisted on using Midland practice. Among other things this meant that the axle bearings were too small for the loads they had to carry. E.S. Cox, writing in a series of articles in Trains Illustrated c. 1957, suggests that they had a sufficiently modern and effective front end that, for steady slogging, some drivers preferred them to an LMS Stanier Class 8F. However, this also meant that, with bearings comparable to an LMS Fowler Class 4F and already inadequate for the lower powered engine, the bearings broke up rapidly.

Numbering

Equipment
Numbers 9672–74 were fitted with ACFI feedwater heaters when built but these were removed during the Second World War. After the war, five were briefly converted to oil burning.

British Railways
All members of the class entered British Railways ownership in 1948, but 122 had been withdrawn by the end of 1951; fifty were withdrawn without receiving their BR number. They had a fairly short life, and all were withdrawn and scrapped between 1949 and 1962, some time before the final G2s were withdrawn in 1964.

Accidents and incidents
On 13 March 1935, a milk train hauled by LMS Compound 4-4-0 No. 1165 had a rear-end collision with an express freight train hauled by LNWR Claughton Class 4-6-0 No. 5946 at King's Langley, Hertfordshire due to a signalman's error. Another freight train, hauled by LMS Patriot Class 4-6-0 No. 5511, collided with the wreckage. Locomotive No. 9598 was hauling a coal train that ran into the wreckage. One person was killed.
On 14 May 1948, a locomotive of the class was hauling a freight train that ran away and was in collision with an empty stock train at Battyeford, Yorkshire.

Withdrawal 
All engines were withdrawn between 1949 and 1962.

References

Ian Allan ABC of British Railways Locomotives, summer 1961 edition, part 3, page 52

External links

Class 7F-B Details at Rail UK
1935 photo from the late Alan Whitehead collection

7 Class 7F 0-8-0
0-8-0 locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1929
Freight locomotives
Scrapped locomotives
Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain
D h2 locomotives
Artronix. Artronix Incorporated began in 1970 and has roots in a project in a computer science class at Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis. The class designed, built and tested a 12-bit minicomputer, which later evolved to become the PC12 minicomputer.  The new company entered the bio-medical computing market with a set of peripherals and software for use in Radiation Treatment Planning (see full article and abstract) and ultrasound scanning. Software for the PC12 was written in assembly language and FORTRAN;  later software was written in MUMPS.   The company was located in two buildings in the Hanley Industrial Park off South Hanley Road in Maplewood, Missouri.

The company later developed another product line of brain-scanning or computed tomography equipment based on the Lockheed SUE 16-bit minicomputer (see also Pluribus);  later designs included an optional vector processor using AMD Am2900 bipolar bit-slices to speed tomographic reconstruction calculations.  In contrast to earlier designs, the Artronix scanner used a fan-shaped beam with 128 detectors on a rotating gantry.  The system would take 540 degrees of data (1½ rotations) to average out noise in the samples.  The beam allowed 3mm slices, but several slices would routinely be mathematically combined into one image for display purposes. The first generation of scanners was a head scanner while a later generation was a torso (whole-body) scanner.  The CAT-3 (computerized axial tomography)  system was a success at first, but the technology surrendered ground to PET  (positron emission tomography) and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)  systems. Artronix closed its doors in 1978.  A video of the Artronix torso scanner operating without a shroud is available on YouTube at Commissie NVvRadiologie with narration in Dutch.

Artronix was founded by Arne Roestel.  Mr. Roestel went on to found Multidata Systems International.  For his leadership of Artronix, Mr. Roestel was named as the Small Businessman of the Year for Missouri in 1976 by the Small Business Administration and was hosted at a luncheon by President Gerald Ford (source: Ford Library Museum).

References
 
   Link broken when tested on 2017-07-13.

Defunct computer companies of the United States
Defunct computer hardware companies
Companies based in Missouri
Zeus Web Server. Zeus Web Server is a discontinued proprietary high-performance web server for Unix and Unix-like platforms (including Solaris, FreeBSD, HP-UX and Linux).  It was developed by Zeus Technology, a software company located in Cambridge, England that was founded in 1995 by University of Cambridge graduates Damian Reeves and Adam Twiss.

History 
Zeus was designed to be a high-performance web server since the beginning of its development in 1995. Until the first decade of the 2000s, it was known as one of the fastest and most scalable web servers available on market. 

Despite its excellent performance, it never gained more than a few percentage points (less than 3%) in the global usage of most popular web servers. However, it was commonly used by hardware vendors submitting SPECweb99 benchmarks for their hardware. The SPECweb99 benchmark was retired in 2005 and replaced by SPECweb2005. While some SPECweb2005 submissions were made using Zeus, by 2008 it was no longer used by the top computer hardware performers.

Support for AIX, Tru64, and Mac OS X was dropped on 10 June 2008. No new Zeus releases have been made since January 2010, and the company no longer offers a similar server solution.  In July 2011, the company was acquired by Riverbed Technology, who ended support for Zeus on November 30, 2014.

Features 
In addition to static content serving, Zeus supported dynamic content via CGI, FastCGI, Apache JServ, ISAPI, NSAPI, mod_perl, SSI and Zeus Distributed Authentication and Content (ZDAC), a proprietary FastCGI-like protocol. While Zeus mainly competed with other commercial web servers such as Oracle iPlanet Web Server, it also included a high degree of compatibility with Apache HTTP Server (including .htaccess support and a URL rewriting system comparable to Apache's mod_rewrite), with the expectation that Apache users would migrate to Zeus as their server load increased. NSAPI and ISAPI were added to ease migrations from Microsoft IIS and Sun Java System Web Server.

See also 
Comparison of web server software
ApacheBench program derived from original ZeusBench used to benchmark performance of Zeus Web Server.

References

External links 
Zeus Technology's site NOTE: no content, redirects to Brocade Communications Systems site
ZWS Online Support (archived link 2008-02-11) newer content but not all available
ZWS Online Support (archived link 2000-08-18) historical documentation

Web server software
Unix network-related software
Discontinued software
Pinion. A pinion is a round gear—usually the smaller of two meshed gears—used in several applications, including drivetrain and rack and pinion systems.

Applications

Drivetrain 
Drivetrains usually feature a gear known as the pinion, which may vary in different systems, including

 the typically smaller gear in a gear drive train (although in the first commercially successful steam locomotive—the Salamanca—the pinion was rather large). In many cases, such as remote controlled toys, the pinion is also the drive gear for a reduction in speed, since electric motors operate at higher speed and lower torque than desirable at the wheels. However the reverse is true in watches, where gear trains commence with a high-torque, low-speed spring and terminate in the fast-and-weak escapement.
 the smaller gear that drives in a 90-degree angle towards a crown gear in a differential drive.
 the small front sprocket on a chain driven motorcycle.
the clutch bell gear when paired with a centrifugal clutch, in radio-controlled cars with an engine (e.g., nitro).

Rack and pinion 

In rack and pinion systems, the pinion is the round gear that engages and moves along the linear rack.

See also 
 List of gear nomenclature

References 

Gears
Electrical Audio. Electrical Audio is a recording facility founded in Chicago, Illinois by musician and recording engineer Steve Albini in 1997. Hundreds of independent music projects have been recorded there. Unlike most producers, Albini refused to take any royalties from musicians who record at the studio.

Founded during an era of increasing popularity for digital recording, Electrical Audio was unusual for using only analog recording technology, including mixing consoles, tape recorders and many outboard sound effects. The rooms are also designed to offer natural reverberation rather than adding the quality in post-production.

In a 2007 post on the studio's message board, the studio's technician Greg Norman revealed that the studio had acquired a Pro Tools rig for computer-aided recording and editing, saying it had become "as important to have as a piano". Norman also went on to write that Albini, who disliked digital recording, "won't be recording with [Pro Tools]. So don't ask him about it."

Studio layout
The facility was built by gutting an existing building and customizing the space to Albini's specifications, including walls made of adobe bricks shipped from New Mexico. Electrical Audio comprises two separate studios, A and B.

Studio A
Studio A is the larger of the two studios and has three separate performance rooms. Center Field is the largest at , Alcatraz is a 'dry environment' room and Kentucky is a brighter live room with improved low frequency linearity. The control room runs a 48 channel Neotek Elite console and can accommodate up to 132 inputs.

Studio B
Studio B is the smaller of the two studios with an  live room and a  isolation room. The control room runs a 36 input Neotek Series II console.

See also
 List of Steve Albini's recording projects, many of which were recorded at Electrical Audio

References

External links
 Electrical Audio official website
 List of current and former Electrical Audio employees 

Recording studios in Illinois
Oscillator (disambiguation). An oscillator is a device designed for oscillation.

Oscillator may also refer to:

Electronic oscillator
Voltage-controlled oscillator, used in synthesizers
Harmonic oscillator
Oscillator (technical analysis), a method used in technical analysis of financial markets
Oscillator (cellular automaton)
Oscillator (EP), an EP by Information Society

See also
Oscillation (differential equation)
Oscillation (mathematics)
Oscillation (album), a studio album by the Norwegian gothic metal band Trail of Tears
Oscillistor, a semiconductor device
Project Longshot. Project Longshot was a conceptual interstellar spacecraft design. It would have been an uncrewed starship (about 400 tonnes), intended to fly to and enter orbit around Alpha Centauri B powered by nuclear pulse propulsion.

History
Developed by the US Naval Academy and NASA, from 1987 to 1988, Longshot was designed to be built at Space Station Freedom, the precursor to the existing International Space Station. Similar to Project Daedalus, Longshot was designed with existing technology in mind, although some development would have been required; for example, the Project Longshot concept assumes "a three-order-of-magnitude leap over current propulsion technology".

Mission
Unlike Daedalus, which used an open-cycle fusion engine, Longshot would use a long-lived nuclear fission reactor for power. Initially generating 300 kilowatts, the reactor would power a number of lasers in the engine that would be used to ignite inertial confinement fusion similar to that in Daedalus. The main design difference is that Daedalus also relied on the fusion reaction to power the ship, whereas in the Longshot design the internal reactor would provide this power.

The reactor would also be used to power a laser for communications back to Earth, with a maximum power of 250 kW. For most of the journey, this would be used at a much lower power for sending data about the interstellar medium; but during the flyby, the main engine section would be discarded and the entire power capacity dedicated to communications at about 1 kilobit per second.

Longshot would have a mass of  at the start of the mission including 264 tonnes of helium-3/deuterium pellet fuel/propellant. The active mission payload, which includes the fission reactor but not the discarded main propulsion section, would have a mass of around 30 tonnes.

A difference in the mission architecture between Longshot and the Daedalus study is that Longshot would go into orbit about the target star, while the higher-speed Daedalus would do a one shot fly-by lasting a comparatively short time.

A travel to Alpha Centauri with a Longshot spacecraft would take about one century.

See also 

 Alpha Centauri Bb
 Breakthrough Starshot
 Interstellar travel
 Nuclear pulse propulsion
 Project Daedalus
 Project Orion (nuclear propulsion)
 Project Icarus
 Spacecraft propulsion

References

Bibliography
Beals, K. A., M. Beaulieu, F. J. Dembia, J. Kerstiens, D. L. Kramer, J. R. West and J. A. Zito. Project Longshot: An Unmanned Probe To Alpha Centauri. U S Naval Academy. NASA-CR-184718. 1988.

External links 

 (This article refers to an Alpha and Beta Centauri as the orbital target of the mission, but the correct nomenclature for these two components of the Alpha Centauri binary star system is Alpha Centauri A and B. Beta Centauri is an entirely different, unassociated star.)

Hypothetical spacecraft
Longshot
Interstellar travel
NASA programs
United States Naval Academy
Alpha Centauri
1987 in science
1988 in science
Stored Waste Examination Pilot Plant. The Stored Waste Examination Pilot Plant (SWEPP) is a facility at the Idaho National Laboratory for nondestructively examining containers of radioactive waste to determine if they meet criteria to be stored at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant. SWEPP is part of the Radioactive Waste Management Complex, located southwest of EBR-I.

External links
 Radioactive Waste Management Complex at the Idaho National Laboratory

Industrial buildings and structures in Idaho
Radioactive waste
Nuclear technology in the United States
Aero L-60 Brigadýr. The Aero L-60 Brigadýr () was a small, high-wing propeller-driven Czechoslovakian STOL utility aircraft developed for both civil and military use. A prototype, designated XL-60, with Argus As 10C engine, first flew on December 24, 1953, but it was not successful. The plane was thoroughly redesigned and the second improved prototype, with M-208B flat-six engine, flew on June 8, 1954. The aircraft's configuration bears a strong resemblance to the Fieseler Fi 156 "Storch" licence-produced in Czechoslovakia during and after World War II (as K-65 Čáp), and which this aircraft was intended to replace. By the end of production in 1960, 273 had been built by Aero, including an improved version, the L-160 with an all-metal tail.

Aircraft retrofitted with a PZL-built Ivchenko AI-14R radial engine are known as the L-60S.

Variants
 XL-60 : Prototype.
 L-60 : Single-engined light utility transport, observation aircraft.
 L-60A : 50 production aircraft for the Czech Air Force. Also known as the K-60. Armed with MG-15 7.92 mm machine gun in a rear cab. First flew on June 24, 1955.
 L-60B : Agricultural crop spraying aircraft (300 L chemicals tank).
 L-60D : Glider tug aircraft.
 L-60E :Air ambulance aircraft.
 L-60F : Glider tug aircraft.
 L-60S : Aircraft fitted with the PZL-built 260-hp Ivchenko AI-14R radial piston engine.
 L-60SF : Fitted with the M-462RF radial piston engine.
 L-160 : Improved version with all-metal tail.

Operators

Civil operators

 Slov-Air

 MÉM Flight Service used 2 L-60 (registered: HA-BRA, HA-BRB) from 1959 for short period.

 Polish Air Ambulance Service used 3 L-60F in 1957–1974

Sri Lanka

Military operators

 Czechoslovakian Air Force

 East German Air Force
 Gesellschaft für Sport und Technik

Specifications (L-60)

See also

References
Notes

Bibliography

External links

 Aero L‑60 Brigadýr article at AirHistory.net

L-60
1950s Czechoslovak civil utility aircraft
1950s Czechoslovak military utility aircraft
Glider tugs
Single-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1953
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
IBM (disambiguation). IBM is short form for International Business Machines, an American multinational technology and consulting corporation, with headquarters in Armonk, New York.

IBM may also refer to:
 IBM (atoms), a demonstration of the creation of the initials "IBM" using individual atoms in 1990
 Identity based motivation, a social psychological theory of human motivation and goal pursuit
 Inclusion body myositis, an inflammatory muscle disease
 Injection blow molding, blow molding manufacturing process
 Interacting boson model, in nuclear physics
 International Brotherhood of Magicians
 itty bitty machine company, or "ibm", a small computer retail store in Evanston, Illinois, United States
 Izu–Bonin–Mariana Arc system, a plate tectonic convergent boundary in the Pacific Ocean
 Invisible Black Matter, a fictional substance in Ajin: Demi-Human

See also
 IBM railway station, near Greenock, Scotland, United Kingdom
 Interactive Broadcast Media (IBMI), a Philippine radio network
Thomas Willson. Thomas Leopold "Carbide" Willson (March 14, 1860 – December 20, 1915) was a Canadian inventor.

Biography 
Willson was born on a farm near Princeton, Canada West, on March 14, 1860, and went to school in Hamilton, Ontario. By the age of 21, he had designed and patented the first electric arc lamps used in Hamilton. He moved to the United States in search of opportunities to sell his ideas.

In 1892, Willson discovered an economically efficient process for creating calcium carbide, which is used in the production of acetylene gas. In 1895, he sold his patent to Union Carbide.

In the same year, Willson married Mary Parks in California and moved back to Canada. He built a house for his mother in Woodstock, Ontario in 1895. During 1900 and 1901, he moved to Ottawa and opened carbide plants both in Ontario (Merritton and Ottawa) and Quebec (Shawinigan). In 1911, he founded the International Marine Signal Company to manufacture marine buoys and lighthouse beacons.

Willson was the first person to own an automobile in Ottawa.In 1907, Willson built a summer house on Meech Lake in what is now Gatineau Park. The house is now owned by the federal government and notable for being the site of negotiations on the Meech Lake Accord. In 1911, he began experimenting with the condensation of phosphoric acid in the manufacture of fertilizers at a mill on Meech Creek within the park. Due to this venture and running out of capital, he missed one interest payment and lost nearly all of his estate to his creditor, American tobacco king James Buchanan Duke. The Meech Lake estate was then sold to Arthur Vining Davis who would go on to further Willson's enterprising effort by establishing the Quebec aluminum industry at Arvida, the name of the town being a portmanteau of his own name.

Willson died of a heart attack in New York City on December 20, 1915, while trying to raise funds for a hydroelectric project in Labrador. His dream was finally realized in 1974 as the Churchill Falls project. His name was given to an island on the Saguenay river, near the Shipshaw powerhouse.

References

 
Canadiana — "The Mystery of Meech Lake" - an episode of about Willson

1860 births
1915 deaths
Canadian inventors
People from Oxford County, Ontario
Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)
Identification (information). For data storage, identification is the capability to find, retrieve, report, change, or delete specific data without ambiguity. This applies especially to information stored in databases. In database normalisation, the process of organizing the fields and tables of a relational database to minimize redundancy and dependency, is the central, defining function of the discipline.

See also 
 Authentication
 Domain Name System
 Identification (disambiguation)
 Forensic profiling
 Profiling (information science)
 Unique identifier

References 

 
Data modeling
Derived object. In computer programming, derived objects are files (intermediate or not) that are not directly maintained, but get created.
The most typical context is that of compilation, linking, and packaging of source files.

Depending on the revision control (SCM) system, they may be 
 completely ignored,
 managed as second class citizens or
 potentially considered the archetype of configuration items. 

The second case assumes a reproducible process to produce them. The third case implies that this process is itself being managed, or in practice audited. Currently, only builds are typically audited, but nothing in principle prevents the extension of this to more general patterns of production. Derived objects may then have a real identity. Different instances of the same derived object may be discriminated generically from each other on the basis of their dependency tree.

References

Version control