omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Semur-en-Auxois. Semur-en-Auxois () is a commune of the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France. The politician François Patriat, the engineers Edmé Régnier L'Aîné (1751–1825) and Émile Dorand (1866-1922), and the Encyclopédiste Philippe Guéneau de Montbeillard (1720–1785) were born in Semur-en-Auxois, while the military engineer Vauban (1633–1707) was educated at the Carmelite college. 

Semur-en-Auxois has a medieval core, built on a pink granite bluff more than half-encircled by the River Armançon. The river formerly provided motive power for tanneries and mills, but its flow is now somewhat reduced by the Lac de Pont. The dam was built upstream in the 19th century to provide water for the Canal de Bourgogne.

Sport 
Semur-en-Auxois was the start of Stage 6 in the 2007 Tour de France.

Population

Sights

The church, La Collégiale Notre-Dame, was founded in 1225 and built in flamboyant Gothic style. It was restored in the 19th century by Viollet-le-Duc. The north tympanum depicts the legend of St. Thomas.
La porte Sauvigny, built in the 15th century, marks the entrance to the city
The fortified castle, built in the 13th century and dismantled in the 17th century. Parts visible today are:
La tour de l'Orle d'Or, with a height of 44 metres and walls 5 metres thick
La tour de la Gehenne
La tour de la Prison
La tour Margot, behind the theatre.
Bridges of the city crossing the Armançon:
Le pont Joly, which provides a picturesque view of the city
Le pont Pinard
Le pont des Minimes
The ramparts provide a promenade with views of the river

See also
 The Sinemurian Age of the Jurassic Period of geological time is named for Semur-en-Auxois
 Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or
Burgundy
Message Handling System. Message Handling System (MHS) is an important early email protocol developed by Action Technologies, Inc. (ATI) in 1986. Novell licensed it in 1988 then later bought it.

Email clients
A wide variety of email clients used MHS, including:
 Para-Mail - Paradox Development introduced version 2.0 along with Novell at Comdex 1986.
 DaVinci Email - The first Microsoft Windows-based email client used MHS natively.
 Pegasus Mail - A free mail client, this used MHS its native protocol.
 ExpressIT! and ExpressIT! 2000 - Infinite Technologies' MHS compliant email clients.
 FirstMail - A cut-down version of Pegasus Mail, bundled with some versions of NetWare.
 Futurus TEAM - Early groupware package offering an MHS compliant email client.
 MacAccess - An Apple Macintosh MHS-based email client.

Role as a gateway
MHS was a very 'open' system, and this, with Novell's encouragement, made it popular in the early 1990s as a 'glue' between not only the proprietary email systems of the day such as PROFS, SNADS, MCI, 3+Mail, cc:Mail, Para-Mail and Microsoft Mail, but also the competing standards-based SMTP and X.400. However, by 1996 it was very clear that SMTP over the Internet would take over this role.

Work-alike products
A compatible family of products from Infinite Technologies (now Captaris) and marketed under the name Connect2 were also very widely used as part of MHS-based email networks.

Decline
Novell became increasingly less supportive after their 1994 purchase of WordPerfect as they worked to transform WordPerfect Office into GroupWise.

At about the same time, confidence in the future of X.400 collapsed and SMTP email across the public internet became the compelling choice for mail between unrelated organisations, replacing MHS's former "glue" role.

Cessation
In order to facilitate asynchronous communication, decouple components, and create robust distributed systems, message handling systems are essential. Through the provision of fundamental messaging features and integration capabilities, these systems enable enterprises to create reliable, scalable, and effective applications that satisfy the requirements of contemporary distributed computing settings.

References 
Para-Mail from Paradox Development Corporation was the first email package to be brought into Novell and MHS.  Paradox Development Corporation introduced Para-Mail version 2.0 with Novell at Comdex 1986.

External links
Chronology Action Technologies
Integrating MHS Services with Other Novell Products Novell

Email systems
UL 94. UL 94, the Standard for Safety of Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances testing, is a plastics flammability standard released by Underwriters Laboratories of the United States. The standard determines the material's tendency to either extinguish or spread the flame once the specimen has been ignited. UL-94 is now harmonized with IEC 60695-11-10 and 60695-11-20 and ISO 9772 and 9773.

The VW-1 (vertical wire burn) rating is sometimes erroneously associated with UL 94, but it (and some other flammability tests) is described by UL 1581 (Reference Standard for Electrical Wires, Cables, and Flexible Cords).

Classifications
From lowest (Least flame-retardant) to highest (Most flame-retardant):
HB: slow burning on a horizontal specimen; burning rate < 76 mm/min for thickness < 3 mm or burning stops before 100 mm
V-2: burning stops within 30 seconds on a vertical specimen; drips of flaming particles are allowed.
V-1: burning stops within 30 seconds on a vertical specimen; drips of particles allowed as long as they are not inflamed.
V-0: burning stops within 10 seconds on a vertical specimen; drips of particles allowed as long as they are not inflamed.
5VB: burning stops within 60 seconds on a vertical specimen; no drips allowed; plaque specimens may develop a hole.
5VA: burning stops within 60 seconds on a vertical specimen; no drips allowed; plaque specimens may not develop a hole.

Tests
Tests are generally conducted on a 5 ×  in (127 × 12.7 mm) specimen of the minimum approved thickness. For 5VA and 5VB ratings, tests are performed on both bar and plaque specimens, and the flame ignition source is approximately five times as severe as that used for testing the other materials.

Foam and films

There are other classifications that apply to low density foam materials (HF-1, HF-2, HBF) and thin films (VTM-0, VTM-1, VTM-2).
HF-2: burning stops within 3 seconds; afterglow less than 30s; burning drips allowed.
HF-1: burning stops within 2 seconds; afterglow less than 30s; no burning drips allowed.

See also
Flammability
Flammability diagram
Fire test

References

External links
UL International Thermoplastics Testing Center Website - Test methods : Combustion (fire) with animations.
The Plastics Web - UL94 information.

Standards of the United States
Fire test standards
Ferry flying. Ferry flying or a positioning flight is the flying of aircraft for the purpose of returning the aircraft to base, delivering it to a customer, moving it from one base of operations to another, or moving it to or from a maintenance facility that includes maintenance, repair, and operations.

A commercial airliner may need to be moved from one airport to another to satisfy the next day's timetable or facilitate routine maintenance. This is commonly known as a positioning flight or repositioning flight, and may carry revenue freight or passengers as local aviation regulations and airline policies allow. Such flights may be necessary following a major weather event or other similar disruption which causes multiple cancellations across an airline's network resulting in many aircraft and crew being out of position for normal operations; the 2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull or the mass evacuation of US airspace following the 9/11 attacks being significant examples of this.

Ferry permit
A ferry permit is a written authorization issued by a National Airworthiness Authority to move a non-airworthy civil aircraft from its present location to a maintenance facility to be inspected, repaired and returned to an airworthy state.

Ferry pilots
Louise Sacchi flew single- and multi-engine planes 340 times across both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, breaking several records in the process.

Other notable ferry pilots include:
 Helen Marcelle Harrison Bristol
 Lettice Curtis
 Maureen Dunlop de Popp
 Mary Ellis, WWII pilot in the United Kingdom
 Luis Fontés
 Joan Hughes
 Amy Johnson
 Jim Mollison (Amy Johnson's husband)
 Robert Neale
 Robert Olds
 Jarvis Offutt
 Jadwiga Piłsudska
 C. W. A. Scott
 Diana Barnato Walker
 Margrit Waltz

See also
 Air Transport Auxiliary, UK civil aviation organization that ferried military aircraft during World War II (WWII)
 Air Transport Command, US Army Air Forces (USAAF) command charged with ferrying aircraft during WWII
 Dead mileage, a similar concept in ground transportation
 Ferry range
 RAF Ferry Command, UK military command charged with ferrying US aircraft to the UK during WWII 
 United Kingdom aircraft test serials
 Women Airforce Service Pilots, US civil aviation organization that trained women pilots to ferry USAAF aircraft during WWII

References

Further reading
 
 
 

Aircraft operations
Aviation by mission
Aircraft ferrying
Davyhulme. Davyhulme () is an area of Urmston, in the Trafford district, in Greater Manchester, England, and the historic county of Lancashire. The population at the 2011 census was 19,634.

Davyhulme Sewage Works

The area is notable for Davyhulme Sewage Works, one of the largest wastewater treatment plants in Europe. Opened in 1894, the site is operated by United Utilities and serves a population of 1.2 million in and around the city of Manchester. The facility includes a biogas combined heat and power facility, producing renewable energy from gas produced by the anaerobic digestion of sewage.

Parks

Davyhulme Millennium Nature Reserve is a green area set along the Manchester Ship Canal, formerly part of the waterworks site. It is popular with dog-walkers, and children on bicycles. The area is owned by United Utilities.

Davyhulme Park is a green flag awarded park in the area. It contains two large wildlife ponds, two bowling greens, tennis courts, children's playgrounds and a rose garden.

Trafford General Hospital

Trafford General Hospital opened in 1929 and was originally called Davyhulme Park Hospital. It became the first NHS hospital in 1948. 

A blue plaque commemorating the birth of the NHS on 5th July 1948 can be found on display at the hospital entrance.

It was unveiled in 2018 by the Mayor of Greater Manchester and Andy Burnham to mark 70 years of the NHS.

Politics
Davyhulme is divided into the electoral wards of Davyhulme East and Davyhulme West. Part of Urmston is in Davyhulme East and some of neighbouring Flixton in Davyhulme West. The area generally elects Conservative Councillors. However at the 2018 Local elections, 2 Labour Councillors were elected by the two wards.

It is in the parliamentary constituency of Stretford and Urmston, but until the 1997 general election it gave its name to the Davyhulme constituency. Winston Churchill's grandson, also called Winston Churchill, was the Conservative MP for more than 25 years, but since 1997 Labour Party MPs have been elected.

On 31 December 1894 Davyhulme became a civil parish, being formed from part of Barton upon Irwell, on 1 April 1974 the parish was abolished. In 1951 the parish had a population of 12,223.

Notable people
Stuart Adamson, guitarist, singer The Skids and Big Country
Peter Collins, world champion speedway rider
Charles Ewart, Scottish war hero, spent the last 16 years of his life here
Karl Green, bassist, vocalist with 60s pop group Herman's Hermits, musician, songwriter
Keith Hopwood, guitarist, keyboards, vocalist with pop group Herman's Hermits, record producer, composer, businessman
Ian McShane, actor
Steve Milner, cricketer
Morrissey, former lead singer of The Smiths
Jim Noir (real name Alan Roberts), composer, producer and multi-instrumentalist
Peter Noone, singer with pop group Herman's Hermits
David Andrew Phoenix, biochemist
Nicky Reid, footballer 
Paul Stenning, author
Matthew Kelly, Television Presenter and actor

See also

Listed buildings in Urmston

References

Areas of Greater Manchester
Former civil parishes in Greater Manchester
Geography of Trafford
Service Advertising Protocol. The Service Advertising Protocol (SAP) is included in the Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) protocol. SAP makes the process of adding and removing services on an IPX internetwork dynamic. SAP was maintained by Novell.

As servers are booted up, they may advertise their services using SAP; when they are brought down, they use SAP to indicate that their services will no longer be available. IPX network servers may use SAP to identify themselves by name and service type. All entities that use SAP must broadcast a name and Service Type that (together) are unique throughout the entire IPX internetwork. This policy is enforced by system administrators and application developers.

SAP Service Types

Further reading

Novell NetWare
Network protocols
IBM LU6.2. Logical Unit 6.2 is an IBM-originated communications protocol specification dating from 1974, and is part of IBM's Systems Network Architecture (SNA).

A device-independent SNA protocol, it is used for peer-to-peer communications between two systems, for example, between a computer and a device (e.g. terminal or printer), or between computers. LU6.2 is used by many of IBM's products, including Common Programming Interface for Communications Intersystem Communications (CICS ISC), and Information Management System, and also many non-IBM products. In 1986, Bruce Compton, Manager of Office Systems and Technology with General Electric, said:
LU 6.2 means I don't have to write the software communications interfaces. If I have one office server in a DEC environment, and another in a Wang environment... I can use the LU 6.2 standard to pass files between those devices, and I don't have to worry about things like block checking and clock.

Some examples of non-IBM products which implemented the SNA stack including LU6.2 are: Microsoft Host Integration Server, and NetWare for SAA.

APPC is a protocol used with LU6.2 architecture. APPC is often used to refer to the LU6.2 architecture or to specific LU6.2 features.

LU6.2-compliant devices operate as peers within the network and can perform multiple simultaneous transactions over the network. LU6.2 devices can also detect and correct errors. The LU6.2 definition provides a common API for communicating with and controlling compliant devices. Although the concepts were the same on all platforms, the actual API implementation often varied on each IBM platform which implemented it. Other vendors also implemented LU6.2 in their own products and with their own APIs. IBM later defined the Common Programming Interface for Communications (CPIC) API which would eventually become widely implemented. CPIC allowed for the authoring of multi-platform code.

Adoption was slow but steady. As of November 1987, of 207 large US companies interviewed  "Eighteen percent of the companies said they have implemented LU 6.2 systems already, and 51% said they expect to have such systems up and running within two years."

References

LU6.2
Network protocols
LU6.2
Robert Stephenson and Hawthorns. Robert Stephenson and Hawthorns Ltd (RSH) was a locomotive builder with works in North East England.

History

The company was formed in September 1937, when Darlington based Robert Stephenson and Company took over the locomotive building department of Hawthorn Leslie and Company, which was based in Newcastle upon Tyne.  The goodwill of Leeds locomotive builders Kitson & Co. was obtained in 1938.

RSH locomotive numbering began at 6939, this being the first number following the sum total of locomotives built by Robert Stephenson & Co. and Hawthorn Leslie, (6938).

RSH became part of English Electric in 1955 and merged with GEC in 1968.

Locomotive building at the Newcastle upon Tyne works ended in 1961 and at Darlington in 1964.

Diesel locomotives
RSH entered the diesel locomotive market in November 1937 with a "direct reversing" locomotive fitted with a Crossley two-stroke engine.  There was no reversing gearbox and the diesel engine itself was reversible, as in marine practice.  When starting, in either direction, power was supplied by compressed air until the engine fired. One of these locomotives, Beryl (RSH 7697/1953), is preserved at the Tanfield Railway.
After the 1955 modernisation plan of British Railways RSH responded by building the following class of diesel locomotives some of which are preserved (Including D306 & D318).

Class 04
Class 20
Class 37
Class 40

They also built the following for Australia.

Queensland Railways DL class
WAGR Z class

Preservation

References 

Industrial Railway Society : Various publications.

Stephenson and Hawthorns
6b/8b encoding. In telecommunications, 6b/8b is a line code that expands 6-bit codes to 8-bit symbols for the purposes of maintaining DC-balance in a communications system.

The 6b/8b encoding is a balanced code --
each 8-bit output symbol contains 4 zero bits and 4 one bits. So the code can, like a parity bit, detect all single-bit errors.

The number of 8-bit patterns with 4 bits set is the binomial coefficient  = 70.  Further excluding the patterns 11110000 and 00001111, this allows 68 coded patterns: 64 data codes, plus 4 additional control codes.

Coding rules
The 64 possible 6-bit input codes can be classified according to their disparity, the number of 1 bits minus the number of 0 bits:

 
The 6-bit input codes are mapped to 8-bit output symbols as follows:
 The 20 6-bit codes with disparity 0 are prefixed with 10Example: 000111 → 10000111Example: 101010 → 10101010
 The 15 6-bit codes with disparity +2, other than 001111, are prefixed with 00Example: 010111 → 00010111
 The 15 6-bit codes with disparity −2, other than 110000, are prefixed with 11Example: 101000 → 11101000
 The remaining 20 codes: 12 with disparity ±4, 2 with disparity ±6, 001111, 110000, and the 4 control codes, are assigned to codes beginning with 01 as follows:

No data symbol contains more than four consecutive matching bits, and because the patterns 11110000 and 00001111 are excluded, no data symbol begins or ends with more than three identical bits.
Thus, the longest run of identical bits that will be produced is 6.  (I.e. this is a (0,5) RLL code, with a worst-case running disparity of +3 to −3.)

Any occurrence of 6 consecutive identical bits constitutes a comma sequence or sync mark or syncword; it identifies the symbol boundaries precisely.
Those 6 bits straddle the inter-symbol boundary with exactly 3 of those identical bits at the end of one symbol, and 3 of those identical bits at the start of the following next symbol.

See also 
 8b/10b encoding, another fixed-table system with a higher code rate but less error detection.
 64b/66b encoding, linear feedback register.

References

External links 
 Freepatents online, United States patent 6,876,315: DC-balanced 6B/8B transmission code with local parity.

Line codes
Anti-spam appliances. Anti-spam appliances are software or hardware devices integrated with on-board software that implement e-mail spam filtering and/or anti-spam for instant messaging (also called "spim") and are deployed at the gateway or in front of the mail server. They are normally driven by an operating system optimized for spam filtering. Anti-spam appliances have existed in wide area networks and home networks since the early 2000s.  

The anti-spam appliances that are found in wide area networks are usually built from server hardware and are generally used by companies, corporations, ISPs, and universities, and anti-spam appliances that are found in home networks are usually built from embedded hardware and are generally used by consumers. Anti-spam technology companies that have produced anti-spam appliances for wide area networks and/or home networks include, but are not limited to Proofpoint, IronPort, Barracuda Networks, D-Link, Spam Cube, Netgear and TrustEli. 

Some main reasons why hardware anti-spam appliances may be selected instead of software could include, the customer's preference to buy hardware rather than software due to its ease of installation, the appliance can manage itself after it is installed, and anti-spam appliances commonly provide other security features such as anti-virus protection.

References

Spamming
Anti-spam
SPSE. SPSE can refer to:
Société du pipeline sud-européen, operator of a crude oil pipeline in France, Switzerland and Germany
Society of Photographic Scientists and Engineers, a former name for the Society for Imaging Science and Technology (IS&T)
Society of Professionals, Scientists and Engineers, union representing some University of California staff at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
South Pacific Stock Exchange, a stock exchange based in Suva, Fiji
Southern Pump Services Engineering, pump manufacturer in Perivale, United Kingdom 
Syndicat du personnel de soutien en éducation, labour union that forms part of the Centrale des syndicats du Québec in Canada
Sistem Pengadaan Secara Elektronik, a nationwide Electronic Government Procurement System of Government of Indonesia
Stowarzyszenie Pasjonatów Sportów Elektronicznych, Polska organizacja pozarządowa, działająca w obszarze e-sportu.
SharePoint Server Subscription Edition, a Microsoft collaboration product.
Fuji Rabbit. The Fuji Rabbit is a motor scooter produced in Japan by Fuji Heavy Industries (now Subaru Corporation) from 1946 through 1968. The Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan  rates the Fuji Rabbit S-1 model introduced in 1946 as one of their 240 Landmarks of Japanese Automotive Technology.

Production

Production of the initial model, the S-1, began in 1946, some six months before the Vespa went into production. It was largely inspired by scooters used by American servicemen during and after World War II, benefiting from engineering efforts from the scooter built by the Powell Manufacturing Company. As the first motor scooter manufactured in Japan, it was enormously successful and revolutionized the post-war vehicle industry. Eventually the Fuji Rabbit scooters evolved into some of the most technologically sophisticated scooters of their era, featuring electric starters, automatic transmissions and pneumatic suspension systems. The Fuji Rabbit scooters were the first Japanese made scooters capable of reaching speeds in excess of . The Rabbit's primary competitor was the Mitsubishi Silver Pigeon, which started production around the same time. Motor scooters were so important to the post-war vehicle industry that In May 1948 both a Silver Pigeon and a Rabbit were presented to the Emperor of Japan. Starting in 1954 the Rabbit also faced competition from the Honda Juno.

As the Japanese economy expanded, the demand for scooters decreased in favor of more comfortable four wheel transport, called kei cars, and Fuji followed suit and diversified into automobiles in 1958 with the introduction of the Subaru 360. The last Fuji scooter rolled off the production line in June 1968.

In popular culture
Although not very well known outside Japan, the Fuji Rabbit has earned itself a place in Japanese pop culture as a symbol of nostalgia. Fuji Rabbits have been featured in Japanese animated series such as Paranoia Agent, and are a favourite amongst collectors of scooters and motorcycles in Japan.

North America
In North America, the Fuji Rabbit is best known for starting Malcolm Bricklin's motor vehicle career. (Bricklin was later responsible for importing the Subaru 360 and the Yugo hatchback, as well as producing his own car, among other things.)

The main importer for North America was the American Rabbit Corporation.

References

External links

Motor scooters
Subaru
Motorcycles of Japan
Motorcycle manufacturers of Japan
Motorcycles introduced in the 1940s
Motorcycles introduced in 1946