omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Nova Southeastern University College of Engineering and Computing. The College of Engineering and Computing, commonly known as CEC, formerly the Graduate School of Computer and Information Sciences, at Nova Southeastern University provides educational programs to prepare students for leadership roles in technology. The college is located on the main campus in Fort Lauderdale, Florida within the Carl DeSantis building. In addition to its regional accreditation by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, NSU has been designated a National Center of Academic Excellence in Information Assurance Education by the U.S. National Security Agency and the United States Department of Homeland Security.

Degree programs
The college offers several bachelor's, master's, and doctoral programs.
 B.S. in computer science
 B.S. in information technology
 B.S. in engineering
 M.S. in computer science
 M.S. in cybersecurity management
 M.S. in information assurance & cybersecurity
 M.S. in information systems
 M.S. in information technology
 Ph.D. in computer science
 Ph.D. in information assurance
 Ph.D. in information systems

National Center of Academic Excellence in Information Assurance Education
On April 17, 2008, NSU was re-designated a National Center of Academic Excellence in Information Assurance Education for the academic years 2008-2014 by the National Security Agency (NSA) and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). NSU first received this designation in March 2005 covering the period through March 2008. CEC’s information security curriculum meets the NSA Committee on National Security Systems standards 4011, 4012, and 4013.

References

External links

Nova Southeastern University
Computer science departments in the United States
Clifford Lynch. Clifford Lynch is an American computer scientist who is the director of the Coalition for Networked Information (CNI), where he has been since 1997. He is also an adjunct professor at Berkeley's School of Information.

Education
Lynch holds a B.A in mathematics and computer science from Columbia College, a M.S. in computer science from the Columbia University School of Engineering, and a Ph.D. in computer science (1987) from the University of California, Berkeley.

Career and awards
Prior to joining CNI, Lynch spent eighteen years at the University of California Office of the President, the last ten as Director of Library Automation. He is both a past president and recipient of the 2008 Award of Merit  of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIS&T), and a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the National Information Standards Organization. Lynch lectures extensively on issues pertaining to digital libraries, information policy, and emerging interoperability standards.

In 2011 he was appointed co-chair of the National Academies Board on Research Data and Information (BRDI); His work has been recognized by the American Library Association Joseph W. Lippincott Award, the EDUCAUSE Leadership Award in Public Policy and Practice, and the American Society for Engineering Education's Homer Bernhardt Award. He was elected as an ACM Fellow in 2017.

Selected publications

Clifford Lynch, Stewardship in the "Age of Algorithms", First Monday, Volume 22, Number 12 (4 December 2017). 
Clifford A. Lynch, "Big data: How do your data grow?" Nature, vol. 455, no. 7209 (September 3, 2008). 
Clifford A. Lynch, "Digital Libraries, Learning Communities, and Open Education," Opening Up Education: The Collective Advancement of Education through Open Technology, Open Content, and Open Knowledge, Toru Iiyoshi, M. S. Vijay Kumar (Eds.), (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2008).
Clifford A. Lynch, "Imagining a University Press System to Support Scholarship in the Digital Age." Journal of Electronic Publishing. November 2012.
Clifford A. Lynch and Joan K. Lippincott, "Institutional Repository Deployment in the United States as of Early 2005," D-Lib Magazine, 11:9 (September 2005).
Clifford A. Lynch, "The Impact of Digital Scholarship on Research Libraries," The Journal of Library Administration 49:3 (April 2009), pp. 227–244.
Clifford A. Lynch, "Open Computation: Beyond Human-Reader-Centric Views of Scholarly Literatures," Open Access: Key Strategic, Technical and Economic Aspects, Neil Jacobs (Ed.), (Oxford: Chandos Publishing, 2006), 185–193.
Clifford A. Lynch, "Searching the Internet," Scientific American 276:3 (March 1997), pp. 52–56.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
University of California, Berkeley School of Information faculty
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Scholarly communication
2017 fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Columbia College (New York) alumni
Columbia School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
Digital Cadastral DataBase. Digital Cadastral DataBase (DCDB) is a computerised map or 'spatial' location showing property boundaries normally in relation to adjoining and other close properties or parcels of land.  Commonly used as a basic layer of data used in map based computer programs that gives an outline of the legal boundaries of a property.  By using lines to represent an area, features such as rivers and roads can be shown in relation to the property location.

See also
 Cartography

GIS software
Geographical databases
Lead scandium tantalate. Lead scandium tantalate (PST) is a mixed oxide of lead, scandium, and tantalum.  It has the formula Pb(Sc0.5Ta0.5)O3. It is a ceramic material with a perovskite structure, where the Sc and Ta atoms at the B site have an arrangement that is intermediate between ordered and disordered configurations, and can be fine-tuned with thermal treatment. It is ferroelectric at temperatures below , and is also piezoelectric. Like structurally similar lead zirconate titanate and barium strontium titanate, PST can be used for manufacture of uncooled focal plane array infrared imaging sensors for thermal cameras.

References

Lead(II) compounds
Scandium compounds
Tantalates
Ceramic materials
Ferroelectric materials
Piezoelectric materials
Infrared sensor materials
Perovskites
Commercial Standard Digital Bus. The Commercial Standard Digital Bus (CSDB) is a multidrop bus, formerly known as the Collins Standard Digital Bus. The maximum speed is 50 kbit/s.

Most civilian aircraft use one of 3 serial buses: the Commercial Standard Digital Bus (CSDB),
ARINC 429, or AS-15531.

The Commercial Standard Digital Bus is a two-wire asynchronous broadcast data transmission bus. Data is transmitted over an interconnecting cable by devices that comply with Electronic Industries Association (EIA) RS-422A. The physical layer is EIA-422.

Messages on the CSDB consist of one address byte followed by any number of data bytes.

References

Avionics
Serial buses
Non-functional testing. Non-functional testing is testing software for its non-functional requirements: the way a system operates, rather than specific behaviors of that system. This is in contrast to functional testing, which tests against functional requirements that describe the functions of a system and its components.

Non-functional testing includes:
Accessibility testing
Baseline testing
Compliance testing
Documentation testing
Endurance testing or reliability testing
Load testing
Localization testing and Internationalization testing
Performance testing
Recovery testing
Resilience testing
Security testing
Scalability testing
Stress testing
Usability testing
Volume testing

References 

Software testing
SAPI-1. The SAPI-1 was a computer produced in the former Czechoslovakia by Tesla since 1980. It was designed by Eduard Smutný (hardware) and his brother Tomáš Smutný (software), and based on the Intel 8080/2 MHz clone (and later Z80). The SAPI-86 was also developed as an 8086 clone of the PC. The SAPI-1 had a modular construction. Three versions of SAPI-1 were produced: SAPI-1 ZPS 1 (; basic industrial set), SAPI-1 ZPS 2, and SAPI-1 ZPS 3.

References

Mycro-1
Science and technology in Czechoslovakia
Atomenergoprom. Atomenergoprom (Atomic Energy Power Corporation, AEP, ) is a 100% state-owned holding company that unifies the Russian civil nuclear industry. It is a part of the Rosatom state corporation.

History
Atomenergoprom was created by a Presidential Decree signed by Vladimir Putin on 27 April 2007, following the adoption of a new law by the Russian Parliament on 19 January 2007, creating one of the world's largest nuclear companies. On 7 July 2007, the corporate charter and board of directors were approved.

Organization
Atomenergoprom includes nuclear power plant operator Rosenergoatom, nuclear fuel producer and supplier TVEL, uranium trader Tekhsnabexport (Tenex), nuclear facilities constructor Atomenergomash,  international nuclear construction and project management concern Atomstroyexport, and uranium mining company ARMZ Uranium Holding Co. (Atomredmetzoloto).  Among the unitary enterprises corporatized in a transfer of shareholdings from the government to Atomenergoprom are Novosibirsk State Design Research Institute VNIPIET, Zarubezhatomenergostroy All-Russian Production Association (Moscow), Lenatomenergostroy Specialized Construction-Installation Department (Sosnovy Bor, Leningrad oblast), Nizhniy Novgorod Research and Development Institute Atomenergoproekt, the Atom-Service department of Energoatom, Atomtekhenergro (Mytischi, Moscow Region), the Research and Development Institute for Nuclear Machinery Construction (VNIAEM, Moscow), Isotop All-Region Association (Moscow) and Atomspetstrans of Rosatom (Moscow).

Management
Sergei Kiriyenko, former Prime Minister of Russia and current head of the Rosatom State Corporation, serves as the chairman of the board of directors. Vladimir Travin, deputy head of Rosatom, serves as the director of the company; Sergey Obozov, former director general of Rosenergoatom, is the first deputy director; and Petr Schedrovitsky, former President of the Russian Institute of Nuclear Power Plant Operators, serves as the deputy director. Vladimir Smirnov, former director general of Tekhsnabexport is an adviser to the director. Igor Borovkov, Tatiana Elfimova and Ivan Kamenskikh, all of whom previously held senior  positions at Rosatom, also serve as directors.

See also

 Energy policy of Russia
 Nuclear power in Russia

References

External links
 Official website

Nuclear companies of Russia
Rosatom
Companies based in Moscow
Boundary scan description language. Boundary scan description language (BSDL) is a hardware description language for electronics testing using JTAG. It has been added to the IEEE Std. 1149.1, and BSDL files are increasingly well supported by JTAG tools for  boundary scan applications, and by test case generators.

BSDL overview 

BSDL was a subset of VHDL.  However, since IEEE 1149.1-2013, it is no longer a "proper" subset of VHDL but it is considered based on VHDL. It is formally defined in IEEE Standard 1149.1 Annex B. Each BSDL file describes one version of an IC and has many package pin maps as are available for a particular die.  This is necessary because, for example, two different BGA packages will have different balls; even if the ball has the same name it may be bonded to a different signal on the other package, and sometimes bondings change between revisions.

Each digital signal (pin or ball) on the package is defined, as are the registers and opcodes used in an IEEE 1149.1, IEEE 1149.6, IEEE 1149.8.1, IEEE 1532 and IEEE 1149.4 compliant IC.  There is one instruction register, a minimum of a 1-bit bypass register, one boundary scan register and optionally a 32 bit device_id register.   The registers other than the instruction register are called TDRs or Test Data Registers.  The boundary scan register (BSR) is unique as it is the register which is also mapped to the I/O of the device. Many of the BSDL definitions are sets of single long string constants.

Note that registers not involved in boundary scan are often not defined. Instructions that are not publicly defined are included in the INSTRUCTION_PRIVATE section.  Microprocessor register descriptions in BSDL typically do not include enough information to aid in building a 1149.1 based emulator or debugger.

References

External links
 Free BSDL Compiler - Validates Grammar, Semantics and Syntax according to IEEE standard rules
 Free public library of BSDL files for many devices
 BSDL Tutorial
 BSDL Files
 BSDL & SVF file formats, functions and features

Electronics manufacturing
Hardware testing
Printed circuit board manufacturing
Chaff (disambiguation). Chaff is dry inedible plant material.

Chaff may also refer to:

 Chaff (countermeasure), a radar countermeasure for aircraft or other targets
 Chaff algorithm, an algorithm for solving instances of the boolean satisfiability problem
 Chaffing and winnowing, a method in cryptography to protect a message without encryption
 Chaff (newspaper), a former students' newspaper of Massey University Students' Association

See also
 "Gumbo Chaff" or "Gombo Chaff", an American song 
 Chaff cutter, a mechanical device for cutting straw or hay
Bill Wakeham. 

Sir William Arnot Wakeham FREng  (born 25 September 1944)  is a British chemical engineer.  From 2001 to 2009 he was Vice-Chancellor of the University of Southampton.

Education
Wakeham received his undergraduate and graduate degrees in physics at Exeter University.

Career
He served as a research associate at Brown University, in Providence, Rhode Island. In 1971 he was appointed lecturer in the Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemical Technology at Imperial College, London. He was successively Reader in 1979, Professor of Chemical Physics in 1985, and head of the Department of Chemical Engineering in 1988.

His academic specialty is thermodynamics, particularly the thermophysical properties of fluids and intermolecular forces.

In 1996 he was appointed Pro-Rector (Research) and subsequently also Deputy Rector and  Pro-Rector (Resources) at Imperial College, holding these positions simultaneously. He oversaw the college's medical school formation in 1997 from the merger of St Mary's Hospital Medical School, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School (formerly Charing Cross Hospital Medical School and Westminster Hospital Medical School), the Royal Postgraduate Medical School and the National Heart and Lung Institute.

In 2007 the then Secretary of State for Innovation, Universities and Skills, Rt. Hon. John Denham MP invited him to chair a review of UK physics which reported in October 2008.

He is a visiting professor at Imperial College. He is a member of the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) and chairs their Resource Audit Committee. He is
a member of the South East England Development Agency (SEEDA) Board. He is a member of the European Union expert panel on philanthropy and universities. He is UK Chair of the British-Italian Partnership Programme.

Honours
He was knighted in the 2009 Birthday Honours.  He was President of the Institution of Chemical Engineers 2011–2. He is a Chartered Engineer, Chartered Physicist and Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering, the Institution of Chemical Engineers, the Institution of Electrical Engineers, the Institute of Physics and Imperial College London. He is a Touloukian Medal holder from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (1997) and holds honorary degrees from Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Exeter University, Loughborough University

Personal life
He married Christina Marjorie Stone in 1969 and they had one son. They divorced in 1974. He married second Sylvia Frances Tolley in 1978 and they had two sons.

See also
 List of University of Southampton people

External links
 University of Southampton page announcing Wakeham's knighthood and summarising his career

References

British chemical engineers
Chemical engineering academics
Vice-chancellors of the University of Southampton
Living people
1944 births
Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Fellows of the Institute of Physics
Fellows of the Institution of Electrical Engineers
Knights Bachelor
Alumni of the University of Exeter
Academics of Imperial College London
Fellows of the Institution of Chemical Engineers
Serial Vector Format. Serial Vector Format (SVF) is a file format that contains boundary scan vectors to be sent to an electronic circuit using a JTAG interface. Boundary scan vectors consist of the following data:
 Stimulus data: This is data to be sent to a device or electronic circuit
 Expected response: This is the data the device or circuit is expected to send back if there is no error
 Mask data: Defines which bits in the expected response are valid; other bits of the device's response are unknown and must be ignored when comparing the expected response and the data returned from the circuit
 Additional information on how to send the data (e.g. maximum clock frequency)

The SVF standard was jointly developed by companies Texas Instruments and Teradyne.  Control over the format has been handed off to boundary-scan solution provider ASSET InterTech. The most recent revision is Revision E.

SVF files are used to transfer boundary scan data between tools. As an example a VHDL compiler may create an SVF file that is read by a tool for programming CPLDs.

The SVF file is defined as an ASCII file that consists of a set of SVF statements. The maximum number of characters allowed on a line is 256, although one SVF statement can span more than one line. Each statement consists of a command and associated parameters. Each SVF statement is terminated by a semicolon. SVF is not case sensitive. Comments can be inserted into a SVF file after an exclamation point ‘!’ or a pair of slashes ‘//’. Either ‘//’ or ‘!’ will comment out the remainder of the line.

SVF commands 

 ENDDR: Specifies default end state for DR scan operations.
 ENDIR: Specifies default end state for IR scan operations.
 FREQUENCY: Specifies maximum test clock frequency for IEEE 1149.1 bus operations.
 HDR: (Header Data Register) Specifies a header pattern that is prepended to the beginning of subsequent DR scan operations.
 HIR: (Header Instruction Register) Specifies a header pattern that is prepended to the beginning of subsequent IR scan operations.
 PIO: (Parallel Input/Output) Specifies a parallel test pattern.
 PIOMAP: (Parallel Input/Output Map) Maps PIO column positions to a logical pin.
 RUNTEST: Forces the IEEE 1149.1 bus to a run state for a specified number of clocks or a specified time period.
 SDR: (Scan Data Register) Performs an IEEE 1149.1 Data Register scan.
 SIR: (Scan Instruction Register) Performs an IEEE 1149.1 Instruction Register scan.
 STATE: Forces the IEEE 1149.1 bus to a specified stable state.
 TDR: (Trailer Data Register) Specifies a trailer pattern that is appended to the end of subsequent DR scan operations.
 TIR: (Trailer Instruction Register) Specifies a trailer pattern that is appended to the end of subsequent IR scan operations.
 TRST: (Test ReSeT) Controls the optional Test Reset line.

References 
 The In-System Configuration Handbook: A Designer's Guide to ISC, Neil G. Jacobson,

External links 
 Serial Vector Format Specification latest version available - Revision E
 SVF and XSVF File Formats for Xilinx Devices specifies XSVF, a binary version of SVF

Electronics manufacturing
Computer file formats
Dimethyl oxalate. Dimethyl oxalate is an organic compound with the formula  or . It is the dimethyl ester of oxalic acid. Dimethyl oxalate is a colorless or white solid that is soluble in water.

Production
Dimethyl oxalate can be obtained by esterification of oxalic acid with methanol using sulfuric acid as a catalyst:

Oxidative carbonylation route
The preparation by oxidative carbonylation has attracted interest because it requires only C1 precursors:

The reaction is catalyzed by Pd2+. The synthesis gas is mostly obtained from coal or biomass. The oxidation proceeds via dinitrogen trioxide, which is formed according to (1) of nitrogen monoxide and oxygen and then reacts according to (2) with methanol forming methyl nitrite:

In the next step of dicarbonylation (3) carbon monoxide reacts with methyl nitrite to dimethyl oxalate in the vapor phase at atmospheric pressure and temperatures at 80-120 °C over a palladium catalyst:

The sum equation:

This method is lossless with respect to methyl nitrite, which acts practically as a carrier of oxidation equivalents. However, the water formed must be removed to prevent hydrolysis of the dimethyl oxalate product. With 1% Pd/α-Al2O3 dimethyl oxalate is produced selectively in a dicarbonylation reaction, under the same conditions with 2% Pd/C dimethyl carbonate is produced by monocarbonylation:

Alternatively, the oxidative carbonylation of methanol can be carried out with high yield and selectivity with 1,4-benzoquinone as an oxidant in the system Pd(OAc)2/PPh3/benzoquinone with mass ratio 1/3/100 at 65 °C and 70 atm CO:

Reactions
Dimethyl oxalate (and the related diethyl ester) is used in diverse condensation reactions. For example, diethyl oxalate condenses with cyclohexanone to give the diketo-ester, a precursor to pimelic acid. With diamines, the diesters of oxalic acid condense to give cyclic diamides. Quinoxalinedione is produced by condensation of dimethyloxalate and o-phenylenediamine:
C2O2(OMe)2 + C6H4(NH2)2 → C6H4(NHCO)2 + 2 MeOH

Hydrogenation gives ethylene glycol. Dimethyl oxalate can be converted into ethylene glycol in high yields (94.7%)

The methanol formed is recycled in the process of oxidative carbonylation. Other plants with a total annual capacity of more than 1 million tons of ethylene glycol per year are planned.

Decarbonylation gives dimethyl carbonate.

Diphenyl oxalate is obtained by transesterification with phenol in the presence of titanium catalysts, which is again decarbonylated to diphenyl carbonate in the liquid or gas phase.

Dimethyl oxalate can also be used as a methylating agent. It is notably less toxic than other methylating agents such as methyl iodide or dimethyl sulfate.

References

Oxalate esters
Methyl esters
Volvo M40 transmission. M40 and M41 are both gearboxes produced by Koping Engineering for Volvo and used in Volvo Duett, Volvo Valp, Volvo Amazon, Volvo 142 and many more. It is a four speed gearbox. It was also available in a stronger version called M400 and a three speed version called M30.

Gear Ratios

References

Volvo Cars
Automobile transmissions