omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Flood control channel. Flood control channels are large and empty basins where surface water can flow through but is not retained (except during flooding), or dry channels that run below the street levels of some larger cities, so that if a flash flood occurs the excess water can drain out along these channels into a river or other bodies of water. Flood channels are sometimes built on the former courses of natural waterways as a way to reduce flooding.

Channelization of this sort was commonly done in the 1960s, but is now often being undone, with "rechannelization" through meandering, vegetated, porous paths. This is because channellizing the flow in a concrete chute often made flooding worse.

Water levels during a flood tend to rise, then fall, exponentially. The peak flood level occurs as a very steep, short spike; a quick spurt of water. Anything that slows the surface runoff (marshes, meanders, vegetation, porous materials, turbulent flow, the river spreading over a floodplain) will slow some of the flow more than other parts, spreading the flow over time and blunting the spike. Even slightly blunting the spike significantly decreases the peak flood level. Generally, the higher the peak flood level, the more flood damage is done. Straight, clear, smooth concrete-walled channels speed up flow, and are therefore likely to make flooding downstream worse. Modern flood control seeks to "slow the flow", and deliberately flood some low-lying areas, ideally vegetated, to act as sponges, letting them drain again as the floodwaters go down.

Levees
Flood control channels are not to be confused with watercourses which are simply confined between levees. These structures may be made entirely of concrete, with concrete sides and an exposed bottom, with riprap sides and an exposed bottom, or completely unlined. They often contain grade control sills or weirs to prevent erosion and maintain a level streambed.

Distribution
By definition, flood control channels range from the size of a street gutter to a few hundred or even a few thousand feet wide in some rare cases. Flood control channels are found in most heavily developed areas in the world. One city with many of these channels is Los Angeles, as they became mandatory with the passage of the Flood Control Act of 1941 passed in the wake of the Los Angeles Flood of 1938.

See also
Nullah 
Drop structure
Urban runoff
Weir
Levee

References

External links
LA River Flood Control Channel
Guadalupe River Flood Control Channel

Flood control
Rivers
Mozarkite. Mozarkite is a form of chert (flint). It is the state rock of Missouri. The name is a portmanteau, formed from Mo (Missouri), zark (Ozarks), and ite (meaning rock).

Mozarkite consists essentially of silica (quartz - SiO2) with varying amounts of chalcedony. It has won distinction as a particular form or variety of chert because of its unique variation of colors and its ability to take a high polish. It has the hardness of 7-7.5 on the Mohs scale, which qualifies it as a suitable material for semi-precious gemstone, and has a density of about 2.65 g/cm3. Typically, the colors are different hues of red, pink, and purple with varying tints of green, gray and brown. It is  collected and admired by lapidarists across the country.

Interest in collecting mozarkite in Missouri started in the early 1950s, in Benton County, Missouri. It is found primarily in west-central Missouri, south of the Missouri River, and west of the Lake of the Ozarks. Mozarkite occurs in the Cotter Dolomite of Ordovician age, which means it is some 450 million years old. It is found in residual boulders in the soil on hill slopes, along ditches, and in roadcuts where the boulders are exposed in the soil formed by weathering of the Cotter Dolomite.

State Rock
 Mozarkite was designated the official state rock of Missouri by the 74th Missouri General Assembly in 1967.

References
Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Geological Survey and Resource Assessment Division fact sheet number 23; PUB 000653; 6/2002

Chert
Lithics
Symbols of Missouri
Quartz gemstones
Hawley Bowlus. William Hawley Bowlus (May 8, 1896 – August 27, 1967) was an American designer, engineer and builder of aircraft (especially gliders) and recreational vehicles in the 1930s and 1940s. Today he is most widely known for his creation of the world's first aluminum travel trailer, the Bowlus Road Chief, which Airstream imitated in 1936 to create the Clipper. This followed his prior famed work as the Superintendent of Construction on Charles Lindbergh's aircraft, the Spirit of St. Louis. He also designed and constructed the innovative but unsuccessful XCG-16A experimental military glider ordered by the U.S. Army Air Corps in 1943, appearing as XCG-16 in the list of Vincent Burnelli airplanes. In popular culture he is usually referred to as Hawley Bowlus.

Bowlus was an expert at soaring flight and at building gliders, established numerous records, trained many of America's earliest glider pilots, and gave gliding lessons to both Charles and Anne Morrow Lindbergh. In 1930 he and Lindbergh glided at various locations in California. Most notably Point Loma in San Diego California where Bowlus conducted many of his flights and tests.

Charles Lindbergh established a regional distance record for gliders by flying in a Bowlus sailplane from Mount Soledad in La Jolla to Del Mar, making use of the lift at Torrey Pines Gliderport. Anne Morrow Lindbergh also flew in a Bowlus sailplane from Mount Soledad and became the first woman in the United States to receive a "first class" glider license (Maxine Dunlap had preceded her in becoming the first woman in the United States to receive a glider license of any kind, a "third class" glider license). Bowlus was also the first American to break Orville Wright's 1911 soaring duration record in an American designed and built sailplane.

Bowlus was inducted into the Soaring Hall of Fame in 1954.

See also
 Bowlus SP-1 Paperwing

References

External links
Lindy Hops Gliders

1896 births
1967 deaths
American glider pilots
Glider flight record holders
Blackburn First Monoplane. The Blackburn First Monoplane (also known as Monoplane No 1) was a British experimental aircraft constructed by Robert Blackburn in 1909.

Design and development
The First Monoplane was a high-wing monoplane with the engine and pilot's seat located on a three-wheeled platform. A cruciform tail was carried on an uncovered boom extending from the wing. The 8 ft 6 in (2.59 m) propeller was mounted just below the wing's leading edge and driven by a chain to the 35 hp (26 kW) Green engine below.

Designed during a stay in Paris, construction began at Thomas Green & Sons engineering works at Leeds, where Blackburn's father was general manager and was later relocated to workshop space in a small clothing factory. When complete, it was transported to the beach between Saltburn and Marske for testing from April 1909. In that year, only taxying trials with the occasional hop were made. The only flight – on 24 May 1910 – lasted for around one minute, and ended in a crash in which the aircraft was damaged beyond repair. Blackburn later recalled the incident thus:

Survivors
The only aircraft was destroyed but a replica of the aircraft was constructed by members of the Brough Heritage Group and is displayed at the Brough Heritage Centre.

Specifications

References

 
 
 Blackburn Aircraft Company (archived page; details the construction of the replica)

1900s British experimental aircraft
First Monoplane
Single-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft
1909 in aviation
Aircraft first flown in 1909
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
Blackburn Mercury. The Blackburn Mercury was an early British aircraft designed as a pilot trainer for the Blackburn Flying School, Filey, in 1911. It was an enlarged, two-seat version of the Second Monoplane that flew earlier that year. It was a mid-wing monoplane of conventional configuration that accommodated pilot and student in tandem, open cockpits. 
This prototype was displayed at the Olympia Aero Show in March 1911, and led to orders being placed for two racers to participate in the Daily Mail Circuit of Britain race. The first of these crashed on takeoff, and the second was first rebuilt into a two-seat trainer, then into a single-seat trainer known as the Type B. Another six Mercuries were built for various private buyers.

A full-scale non-flying replica of Mercury II configuration was constructed for the Yorkshire Television series Flambards and is now displayed at the Yorkshire Air Museum.

Variants
 Mercury I – two-seat prototype powered by Isaacson engine (one built)
 Mercury II – single-seat racer version with Gnome rotary engine (two built)
 Type B – one Mercury II converted to single-seat trainer
 Mercury III or Mercury Passenger Type – (six built) two-seaters powered by a variety of Isaacson, Gnome, Renault and Anzani engines

Specifications (Mercury I)

Notes

References

 
 
 
 
 Yorkshire Air Museum website
 Blackburn Mercury – British Aircraft Directory

1910s British civil trainer aircraft
Mercury
High-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1911
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
Pull technology. Pull coding or client pull is a style of network communication, where the initial request for data originates from the client, and then is responded to by the server. The reverse is known as push technology, where the server pushes data to clients. 

Pull requests form the foundation of network computing, where many clients request data from centralized servers. Pull is used extensively on the Internet for HTTP page requests from websites.

A push can also be simulated using multiple pulls within a short amount of time. For example, when pulling POP3 email messages from a server, a client can make regular pull requests, every few minutes. To the user, the email then appears to be pushed, as emails appear to arrive close to real-time. A trade-off of this system is that it places a heavier load on both the server and network to function correctly.

Many web feeds, such as RSS are technically pulled by the client. With RSS, the user's RSS reader polls the server periodically for new content; the server does not send information to the client unrequested. This continual polling is inefficient and has contributed to the shutdown or reduction of several popular RSS feeds that could not handle the bandwidth. For solving this problem, the WebSub protocol, as another example of a push code, was devised.

Podcasting is specifically a pull technology.  When a new podcast episode is published to an RSS feed, it sits on the server until it is requested by a feed reader, mobile podcasting app, or directory.  Directories such as Apple Podcasts (iTunes), The Blubrry Directory, and many apps' directories request the RSS feed periodically to update the Podcast's listing on those platforms. Subscribers to those RSS feeds via app or reader will get the episodes when they request the RSS feed next time, independent of when the directory listing updates.

See also
Push technology
Client–server model

References 

Internet terminology
 
Web development
Spring rider. A spring rider or spring rocker is a bouncy, outdoors playing device, invented in the 1960s in Italy by the company Pozza. It mainly consists of a metal spring beneath a plastic or wooden central beam or flange, with 1 to 4 plastic or fiberglass seats above it. When a person sits on it, the structure moves and bounces. Spring riders are common in many playgrounds. They are often designed to look like an animal or a vehicle.

Prior to this, the horse spring toy was patented in 1956 in Pasco, Washington.
This toy is commonly known as a rocking horse or spring toy. This is because it has a great resemblance to these things.

References

External links

 Vintage Spring Riders – gallery of spring riders circa 1950–1980

 Playground equipment
Dinap. Dinap (ΔΗΝΑΠ, D. Apostolopoulos O.E.) was one of the smaller Greek machine and truck manufacturers with its factory on Liosion St., in Athens. The Dinap 1200 was a three-wheel truck produced in the second half of the 1960s. It was powered by a 1200cc,  air-cooled Volkswagen engine and could legally carry . This load was higher than the equivalent for most other three-wheel trucks, but this made little difference since those vehicles were frequently loaded with up to 3 tons.

See also 
 Styl Kar (overview of the three-wheeler era in Greece)
 Greek three wheelers including photo of a Dinap truck

References 
L.S. Skartsis and G.A. Avramidis, "Made in Greece", Typorama, Patras, Greece (2003)  (republished by the University of Patras Science Park, 2007).
L.S. Skartsis, "Greek Vehicle & Machine Manufacturers 1800 to present: A Pictorial History", Marathon (2012)  (eBook) 
 

Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of Greece
Three-wheeled motor vehicles
Blackburn Sydney. The Blackburn R.B.2 Sydney (serial N241) was a long-range maritime patrol flying boat developed for the Royal Air Force in 1930, in response to Air Ministry Specification R.5/27. It was a parasol-winged braced monoplane of typical flying boat arrangement with triple tailfins and its three engines arranged on the wing's leading edge. After evaluation, it was not ordered into production and no further examples were built.

With development of the Sydney abandoned, construction of a cargo-carrying variant powered by radial engines, the C.B.2 Nile was also ended.

Specifications (Sydney)

See also

References
Notes

Bibliography
 
 
 Blackburn Sydney – British Aircraft Directory

External links

 The Blackburn "Sydney" Flying Boat in Flight, 5 September 1930
 Blackburn flying boats 1924–1940
 Picture of the Sydney N241
 "Blackburn R.B. 2 Sydney", Youtube.com first flight
 "Huge All-Metal Flying Boat Weighs Ten Tons", March 1931, Popular Mechanics

Sydney
1930s British patrol aircraft
Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United Kingdom
Flying boats
Trimotors
Parasol-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1930
Triple-tail aircraft
Petrol interceptor. A petrol interceptor is a trap used to filter out hydrocarbon pollutants from rainwater runoff. It is typically used in road construction and on Petrol Station forecourts to prevent fuel contamination of streams carrying away the runoff.

Petrol interceptors work on the premise that some hydrocarbons such as petroleum and diesel float on the top of water. The contaminated water enters the interceptor typically after flowing off roads or forecourts and entering a channel drain before being deposited into the first tank inside the interceptor. The first tank builds up a layer of the hydrocarbon as well as other scum. Typically petrol interceptors have 3 separate tanks each connected with a dip pipe. As more liquid enters the interceptor the water enters into the second tank leaving the majority of the hydrocarbon behind as it cannot enter the dip pipe, whose opening into the second tank is below the surface of the water. However some of the contaminants may by chance enter the second tank. This second tank will not build up as much of the hydrocarbon on its surface. As before, the water is pushed into the third tank, by fluid dynamics, as more water enters the second. The third tank should be practically clear of any hydrocarbon floating on its surface. As a precaution, the outlet pipe is also a dip pipe. When the water leaves the third tank via the outlet pipe it should be contaminant free.

References

Water filters
Silicon tetrachloride (data page). This page provides supplementary chemical data on silicon tetrachloride.

Material Safety Data Sheet  

The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommend that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS) for this chemical from a reliable source, it this case, noting that one should "avoid all contact! In all cases consult a doctor! ...  inhalation causes sore throat and Burning sensation".

Structure and properties

Thermodynamic properties

Spectral data

References

NIST Standard Reference Database
David R. Lide, ed. Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, Internet Version 2005. CRC Press, 2005.
Chemical data pages
Chemical data pages cleanup
Avco-Lycoming AGT1500. The Avco-Lycoming AGT1500 is a gas turbine engine. It is the main powerplant of the M1 Abrams series of tanks. The engine was originally designed and produced by the Lycoming Turbine Engine Division in the Stratford Army Engine Plant. In 1995, production was moved to the Anniston Army Depot in Anniston, Alabama, after the Stratford Army Engine Plant was shut down.

Specifications
Engine output peaks at , with  of torque at that peak, which occurs at 3,000 rpm. The turbine can provide torque in excess of  at significantly lower RPMs. The engine weighs approximately  and occupies a volume of , measuring .

The engine can use a variety of fuels, including jet fuel, gasoline, diesel and marine diesel.

The engine is a three-shaft machine composed of five sub-modules:
 Recuperator – a fixed cylindrical regenerative heat exchanger that extracts waste heat from the exhaust gases and uses it to preheat the compressed air
 Rotating Gas Producer – the five-stage, dual-spool compressor which achieves a 14.5:1 compression ratio at full power, driven by the compressor turbine, which operates with a maximum turbine inlet temperature of 
 Accessory Gearbox – bevel gears that extract  from the high-pressure spool to operate the fuel control unit, starter, oil pump, and vehicle hydraulic pump
 Power Turbines – the first stage of the two-stage power turbine is driven by a variable-geometry nozzle to improve efficiency
 Reduction Gearbox – reduces power turboshaft speed

History
Development had started by 1964 with a contract given to Chrysler in 1976, originally as an engine for the later cancelled MBT-70.

In the early 1970s, the AGT1500 was developed into the PLT27, a flight-weight turboshaft for use in helicopters. This engine lost to the General Electric GE12 (T700) in three separate competitions to power the UH-60, AH-64, and SH-60. Serial production of the AGT1500 began in 1980; by 1992, more than 11,000 engines had been delivered. In 1986, with the Cold War about to wind down, Textron Lycoming began developing a commercial marine derivative, which they called the TF15.

See also
 Anselm Franz, lead designer of AGT1500 at the early stage

References

External links

 AGT1500 Gas Turbine Engine
 AGT1500 Turbine Technology pdf on Honeywell.com
 

Gas turbines
Tank engines
Honeywell Aerospace aircraft engines
Stephen Wilcox. Stephen Wilcox, Jr. (February 12, 1830 – November 27, 1893) was an American inventor, best known as the co-inventor (with George Herman Babcock) of the water-tube boiler. They went on to found the Babcock & Wilcox Company. He was born in Westerly, Rhode Island. and died in November 1893 at age 63 in Rhode Island. He is the namesake of Wilcox Park.

References
 Biography at National Inventors Hall of Fame

1830 births
1893 deaths
19th-century American inventors
People of the American Industrial Revolution
Rigid needle adapter. A rigid needle adapter enables electrical contact of finest structures on printed circuit boards, typically for high-volume testing.

The spring probes are arranged in a compact grid in the raster head so that up to 280 spring probes per square centimeter can be integrated. The rigid needles are moved to the desired contact point by the spring probes in the rigid needle adapter. Contacting pitch down to 150 μm can be tested by the movement of the rigid needles.

References

Printed circuit board manufacturing
Lawn dart effect. In aviation, the lawn dart effect occurs when fighter aircraft pilots accelerate horizontally at more than 1 standard gravity.   The effect occurs when such extreme stimulation to the vestibular system leads to the perception that the aircraft is climbing, prompting the pilot to lower the aircraft's pitch attitude, or drop the nose.

See also
 Sensory illusions in aviation
 Lawn darts
 G-force

References

Perception
Airspeed
Virocop. Virocop is a run and gun video game developed by Graftgold and published by Renegade Software in 1995. It is regarded as the third game in the Quazatron series, the others being Quazatron and Magnetron.

An Amiga Advanced Graphics Architecture version, with enhanced visuals and audio, was also released.

Gameplay
In the game, the player takes the role of a robot called DAVE, who has to clear a virtual games park from a virus which has spread there. There are different zones in the game world, all inspired by other games, like a sports world, the urban jungle world, the gods world, the adventure world and as final world "Silicon Valley". DAVE has several weapons to shoot enemies, with the possibility to buy upgrades after collecting enough powerups.

At certain points in the levels, there are checkpoints which, should DAVE get destroyed, will automatically place the player back at the last checkpoint they passed, and are activated by touching them.

The end of level bosses vary across the level sets, e.g. Sports World has an Ice Hockey team which, upon defeating them, cheerleaders appear and do a routine.

Reception
The game received 83% in Amiga Format and 88% in CU Amiga.

References

External links
 

1995 video games
Amiga 1200 games
Amiga games
Amiga-only games
Graftgold games
Run and gun games
Video games about robots
Video games about video games
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Video games set in amusement parks
Renegade Software games