omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Energomash. The Energomash Corporation (Cyrillic: "Энергомаш") was a Russian power engineering company. Energomash manufactures small cogeneration plants as well as a wide variety of components for the energy industry. In addition to this core activity, Energomash also supplies other engineering services to more than 60 countries.

In addition to producing power technologies, Energomash occupied leading positions in metalware construction, pipeline fittings and nuclear industry equipment.

In 2010 the company was declared bankrupt and in 2015 it was liquidated.

Performance indicators 
According to the group's own unofficial data, preliminary revenue under IFRS in 2007 was $645 million, EBITDA was $160 million.

The company's revenue in 2006 amounted to RUB 19.596 billion, which is 18.9% more than in 2005. Profit before tax amounted to 449.78 million rubles, gross profit — 4.522 billion rubles (23.1% of revenue).

Among the main customers of the group were Gazprom, Rosenergoatom Concern, as well as major oil companies.

22.4 thousand people worked at the group's enterprises.

At the end of 2008 it planned to launch an IPO.

References

External links 
 

Nuclear technology companies of Russia
Electrical engineering companies of Russia
Manufacturing companies based in Moscow
Defunct companies of Russia
TAM Air. TbilAviaMsheni, trading as TAM Air (), was a Georgian airline based in Tbilisi.

History
Aircraft Investor Resources (AIR) had appointed Georgian manufacturer Tbilaviamsheni (TAM) to manufacture the fuselage, wings and stabilizer for its Epic LT single-engined turboprop kitplane, for which it had 25 orders. Rick Schrameck, AIR owner and chief executive, stated Tbilisi-based TAM will build the same parts for the certificated version of the LT. Las Vegas-based AIR was gearing up for first delivery of the Epic kit by year end.

TAM, which was a joint stock company, was in the process of restructuring its complete organisation consisting primarily of its aircraft manufacturing/maintenance concern and its small regional airline with the objective of acquiring a larger share of the civil aviation market, in Georgia and Euro-Asia. It was also looking into expanding into a multimodal logistics centre as the main merchandise railway line, serving the Black Sea ports of Poti and Batumi, run right on the location of its airfield making it very convenient for rail, road and air freight to converge both to and from Central Europe, northern Africa and Asia.

However, TAM Air ceased operations in 2010.

Fleet
The TAM Air fleet consisted of the following aircraft as of 29 May 2009:
 1 Boeing 737-200 (operated by Starline.kz)

References

External links
Official website

Defunct airlines of Georgia (country)
Companies based in Tbilisi
Airlines established in 2001
Airlines disestablished in 2010
2001 establishments in Georgia (country)
2010 disestablishments in Georgia (country)
ET3. ET3 or ET-3 may refer to:

 Electronics Technician (US Navy), Third Class, United States Naval rating
 ET3 (Greece), 3rd channel from Ellinikí Radiofonía Tileórasi (ERT), the Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation
 Earl Thomas (defensive back), an American football free safety for the Seattle Seahawks
 Vespa ET-3, model produced between the 1970s and the mid-1990s
 Evacuated Tube Transport Technologies, a business committed to the implementation of Evacuated Tube Transport (ETT)
 Endothelin 3, a protein, member of endothelin family
Cold water extraction. Cold water extraction (also called CWE) is the process whereby a substance is extracted from a mixture via cold water. It is a type of fractional crystallization.

The process generally involves taking a mixture of substances, dissolving them in warm water, and then rapidly cooling the mixture. The insoluble compounds precipitate out of the water, while the soluble ones stay dissolved. The solution can then be separated by filtration or decantation. This process works by exploiting the differences in solubility of different substances in a low temperature mixture.

Opiates are much more soluble in cold water than acetaminophen. It is used to separate out opiate drugs that have been mixed with common non-opiate analgesics. When cold water extraction is used with codeine/paracetamol, hydrocodone/paracetamol and oxycodone/paracetamol medications, it is not effective at removing all of the paracetamol.

Items needed
The cold water extraction process is fairly simple not only due to the simplicity of the method but also because the items needed are minimal and can all be found in a common household. The items used in the process are usually 2 drinking glasses (or any other container), a screen (used to filter) and an item capable of crushing the tablets (mortar and pestle for example). The recommended screen to use is a simple coffee filter due to its high effectiveness when compared to other screens such as a piece of cloth or folded napkin.

Legality
Extraction of controlled substances from over-the-counter or prescription drug formulations may be illegal in some countries.

See also
 Codeine
 Hydrocodone
 Paracetamol
 Paracetamol toxicity

References

Drug culture
Nanophase material. Nanophase materials are materials that have grain sizes under 100 nanometres. They have different mechanical and optical properties compared to the large grained materials of the same chemical composition.

Transparency and different transparent colours can be achieved with nanophase materials by varying the grain size.

Nanophase materials
Nanophase metals usually are many times harder but more brittle than regular metals.
 nanophase copper is a superhard material
 nanophase aluminum
 nanophase iron is iron with a grain size in the nanometer range. Nanocrystalline iron has a tensile strength of around 6 GPA, twice that of the best maraging steels.
Nanophase ceramics usually are more ductile and less brittle than regular ceramics.

Footnotes

External links
 Creating Nanophase Materials. Scientific American (subscription required)
 Nanophase Materials, Michigan Tech
 Research on Nanophase Materials, Louisiana State University

Materials
Materials science
Constraint-based Routing Label Distribution Protocol. Constraint-based Routing Label Distribution Protocol (CR-LDP) is a control protocol used in some computer networks.
As of February 2003, the IETF MPLS working group deprecated CR-LDP and decided to focus purely on RSVP-TE.

It is an extension of the Label Distribution Protocol (LDP), one of the protocols in the Multiprotocol Label Switching architecture. CR-LDP contains extensions for LDP to extend its capabilities such as setup paths beyond what is available for the routing protocol. For instance, a label-switched path can be set up based on explicit route constraints, quality of service constraints, and other constraints. Constraint-based routing (CR) is a mechanism used to meet traffic engineering requirements. These requirements are met by extending LDP for support of constraint-based routed label-switched paths (CR-LSPs). Other uses for CR-LSPs include MPLS-based virtual private networks.
CR-LDP is almost same as basic LDP, in packet structure, but it contains some extra TLVs which basically set up the constraint-based LSP.

References

MPLS networking
Network protocols
Amphenol connector. The term Amphenol connector refers to various electronics connectors that are introduced, or made primarily by Amphenol Corp. Depending on the area of electronics concerned, it may refer specifically to:

MIL-DTL-5015 / MIL-C-5015, a circular connector
MIL-DTL-26482 / MIL-C-26482, a circular bayonet connector
RJ21, used in aggregated telecommunications cabling
Micro ribbon, used to connect a personal computer to printers or SCSI equipment
ARINC 828, a repurposing of MIL-DTL-38999.
UHF connector, a threaded RF coaxial connector
A circular connector, usually consisting of 6, 9 or 11 pins, used to connect a Hammond organ to a Leslie speaker.

See also
 MC4 connector
 Solar micro-inverter

References

External links

Electrical connectors
Beriev Be-6. The Beriev Be-6 (USAF/DoD reporting name "Type 34", NATO reporting name "Madge") was a flying boat produced by the Soviet Beriev OKB. It was capable of accomplishing a wide variety of missions, such as long-range maritime reconnaissance, coastal and supply line patrols, torpedo/bombing strikes, mine-laying, and transport operations.

Design and development
The Be-6 was a gull-winged aircraft with twin oval vertical stabilizers on top of a deep fuselage. The aircraft was of all-metal construction except for fabric covering the rudders and ailerons. The engines were installed in the bends of the wings, with the floats on an underwing cantilever rack. Each float was divided into four watertight compartments.

Operational history

The Be-6 was built from 1949 to 1957 at the Beriev plant in Taganrog. The aircraft had 19 variants through its production cycle, and 123 aircraft were eventually built.
Since requirements of Soviet naval aircraft did not change rapidly, the reliable Be-6 remained in service until the late 1960s. Some aircraft ended service as civilian unarmed transports in Arctic regions. One survivor is preserved at the Ukraine State Aviation Museum in Kyiv, Ukraine.
Beriev Be-6s operated by the People's Republic of China PLANAF proved useful in patrolling the long coastline and huge territorial waters off China's coast. During the 1970s the original Shvetsov radial engines began to wear out with no replacements available, so several aircraft were re-engined with WoJiang WJ-6  turboprop engines, in new nacelles, for a new lease of life and were redesignated Qing-6.

Operators

People's Liberation Army Naval Air Force

Soviet Naval Aviation

Variants
 LL-143: Prototype of Be-6 with Shvetsov ASh-72 radial engines; nose, beam, ventral and tail positions for a total of six 12.7mm UBT machine guns. Maiden Flight in March 1945.
 Be-6: standard production aircraft with Shvetsov ASh-73 radial piston engines.
 Qing-6: Be-6 aircraft of the PLANAF re-engined with Dongan WJ-5 turboprops.

Specifications (Be-6)

See also

References

 Gunston, Bill. “The Osprey Encyclopaedia of Russian Aircraft 1875–1995”. London, Osprey. 1995. 
 Gordon, Yefim & Komissarov, Dmitry. Chinese Aircraft. Hikoki Publications. Manchester. 2008. 

Be-0006
Gull-wing aircraft
Flying boats
1950s Soviet military reconnaissance aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1949
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Punch-down block. A punch-down block (also punchdown block, punch block, punchblock, quick-connect block and other variations) is a type of electrical connection often used in telephony. It is named because the solid copper wires are "punched down" into short open-ended slots which are a type of insulation-displacement connector. These slots, usually cut crosswise (not lengthwise) across an insulating plastic bar, contain two sharp metal blades which cut through the wire's insulation as it is punched down. These blades hold the wire in position and make the electrical contact with the wire as well.

Overview

A tool called a punch down tool is used to push the wire down firmly and properly into the slot. Some will automatically cut any excess wire off. The exact size and shape of the tool blade varies by manufacturer, which can cause problems for those working on existing installations, especially when there is a poorly documented mix of different brands.

Punch-down blocks are a very quick and easy way to connect wiring, as there is no stripping of insulation and no screws to loosen and tighten. Punch-down blocks are often used as patch panels, or as breakout boxes for PBX or other similar multi-line telephone systems with 50-pin RJ21 (Amphenol) connectors. They are sometimes used in other audio applications, such as in reconfigurable patch panels.

Often a separate tool known as a spudger is used to remove small stray pieces of cut off wiring stuck within punch-down blocks.

Reliable connections 

It is possible to insert wiring without the proper tool, but this requires great care to avoid damaging the connectors. For example, pushing a screwdriver down the middle of the block is a bad practice as it forces the two blades of the terminal post apart, leading to bad contacts. It is also possible to punch down multiple wires on top of each other in a single post of a punch-down block, but this practice is discouraged because of reliability concerns. If these multiple wires are of different thicknesses (wire gauges), it is even more likely that the thinner wire will develop contact problems. Similarly, stranded wire can be used on punch-down blocks, but they are designed for solid wire connections.

Marginal practices like these are strongly discouraged in large or mission-critical installations, because they can introduce extremely troublesome intermittent connections, as well as more-obvious outright bad connections. Once the contact blades in a punchdown block are "sprung apart" by poor practices, the entire block often must be replaced to restore reliable connections.

In addition, punch-down blocks are being used to handle larger numbers of faster data signals, requiring greater care and proper procedures to control impedance and crosstalk.

Examples 

 A 66 block (or "M Block") is used in older analog telephone systems.
 A 110 block is often used in residential telephone and Cat 5 wire systems, replacing 66 blocks. 
 A Krone block is a proprietary European alternative.
 A BIX block is a proprietary block developed originally by Nortel Networks.

See also
Main distribution frame

References

External links 

Telephone connectors
Scalar processor. Scalar processors are a class of computer processors that process only one data item at a time.  Typical data items include integers and floating point numbers.

Classification 
A scalar processor is classified as a single instruction, single data (SISD) processor in Flynn's taxonomy. The Intel 486 is an example of a scalar processor.  It is to be contrasted with a vector processor where a single instruction operates simultaneously on multiple data items (and thus is referred to as a single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) processor). The difference is analogous to the difference between scalar and vector arithmetic.

The term scalar in computing dates to the 1970 and 1980s when vector processors were first introduced.  It was originally used to distinguish the older designs from the new vector processors.

Superscalar processor 
A superscalar processor (such as the Intel P5) may execute more than one instruction during a clock cycle by simultaneously dispatching multiple instructions to redundant functional units on the processor. Each functional unit is not a separate CPU core but an execution resource within a single CPU such as an arithmetic logic unit, a bit shifter, or a multiplier. The Cortex-M7, like many consumer CPUs today, is a superscalar processor.

Scalar data type 
A scalar data type, or just scalar, is any non-composite value.

Generally, all basic primitive data types are considered scalar:
 The Boolean data type (bool)
 Numeric types (int, the floating point types float and double)
 Character types (char)
Some programming languages also treat strings as scalar types, while other languages treat strings as arrays or objects.

See also
 Instruction pipeline
 Parallel computing

References

Central processing unit
Analog robot. An analog robot is a type of robot which uses analog circuitry to go toward a simple goal such as finding more light or responding to sound. The first real analog robot was invented in the 1940s by William Grey Walter. The name of these robots were Elmer and Elsie (ELectroMEchanical Robot, Light-Sensitive). The original circuitry was developed using two vacuum tubes and a photocell to search and follow a light. Recently a kind of analog robots was developed by Mark Tilden.

Some modern analog robots are BEAM robots. Braitenberg Vehicles (described by Valentino Braitenberg) also are frequently analog, consisting of the output of sensors connected to motors without any form of signal processing.

See also
 Analog computer

External links
 BEAM community – A specific type of analog robot.
 KHM – Robots in academia.
 Analog Robotics – A research report.

-
1940s in robotics
List of auto parts. This is a list of  auto parts, which are manufactured components of automobiles. This list reflects both fossil-fueled cars (using internal combustion engines) and electric vehicles; the list is not exhaustive. Many of these parts are also used on other motor vehicles such as trucks and buses.

Car body and main parts

Body components, including trim

Doors

Windows

Low voltage/auxiliary electrical system and electronics

Audio/video devices

Cameras

Low voltage electrical supply system

Gauges and meters

Ignition system

Lighting and signaling system

Sensors

Starting system

Electrical switches

Wiring harnesses

Miscellaneous

Interior

Floor components and parts 
Carpet and rubber and other floor material 
Center console (front and rear)

Other components 
Roll cage or Exo cage
Dash Panels

Car seat
Arm Rest
Bench seat
Bucket seat
 Children and baby car seat
Fastener
Headrest
Seat belt
 Seat bracket
 Seat cover
 Seat track
 Other seat components
Back seat
Front seat

Power-train and chassis

Braking system

Electrified powertrain components

Engine components and parts

Engine cooling system

Engine oil systems

Exhaust system

Fuel supply system

Suspension and steering systems

Transmission system

Miscellaneous auto parts

Air conditioning system (A/C) 
 Automobile air conditioning
 A/C Clutch
 A/C Compressor
 A/C Condenser
 A/C Hose high pressure
 A/C Kit
 A/C Relay
 A/C Valve
 A/C Expansion Valve
 A/C Low-pressure Valve
 A/C Schroeder Valve
 A/C Inner Plate
 A/C Cooler
 A/C Evaporator
 A/C Suction Hose Pipe
 A/C Discharge Hose Pipe
 A/C Gas Receiver
 A/C Condenser Filter
 A/C Cabin Filter (Pollen Filter)

Bearings
 Grooved ball bearing
 Needle bearing
 Roller bearing
 Sleeve bearing
 Wheel bearing

Hose 
 Fuel vapour hose
 Reinforced hose (high-pressure hose)
 Non-reinforced hose
 Radiator hose

Other miscellaneous parts 
Logo
 Adhesive tape and foil
 Air bag
 Bolt cap
 License plate bracket
 Cables
 Speedometer cable
 Cotter pin
 Dashboard
 Center console
 Glove compartment
 Drag link
 Dynamic seal
 Fastener
 Gasket: Flat, moulded, profiled
 Hood and trunk release cable
 Horn and trumpet horn
 Injection-molded parts
 Instrument cluster
 Label
 Mirror
 Phone Mount
 Name plate
 Nut
 Flange nut
 Hex nut
 O-ring
 Paint
 Rivet
 Rubber (extruded and molded)
 Screw
 Shim
 Sun visor
 Washer

See also 
 42-volt electrical system
 Fuel economy in automobiles
 Spare parts management
 Electric Car

References

 
Parts
Auto
Association of Certified Engineering Technicians and Technologists of Prince Edward Island. The Association of Certified Engineering Technicians and Technologists of Prince Edward Island (ACETTPEI) is Prince Edward Island's independent certifying body for engineering/applied science technicians and technologists.

ACETTPEI confers the designations "C.Tech.", "C.E.T." and "A.Sc.T." which are symbols of achievement in engineering/applied science technology and are legally protected for use only by fully certified members.  The designations are recognized across Canada by many employers and other engineering professionals through the efforts of provincial associations that make up the Canadian Council of Technicians and Technologists (CCTT).  Though CCTT being a signatory, ACETTPEI recognizes international transferability through the Sydney Accord.

ACETTPEI was established in 1972.

In 2007 ACETTPEI, with the assistance of other Atlantic Canada Technology organizations and some federal government funds, held the Atlantic Canada Technology Roundtable.  This was a meeting of private, public, and educational sectors to examine the issues of technology skills shortages which may have hampered economic growth in the region and is expected to get worse due to baby boomer retirement.

ACETTPEI has registered the tradename Island Technology Professionals.

See also
Engineering technologist
Certified engineering technologist
Professional technologist
Engineering technologist
Sydney Accord
Island Technology Professionals

References

External links
ACETTPEI official page
Canadian Council of Technicians and Technologists (CCTT)
The report on the Atlantic Canada Technology Roundtable 2007

Professional associations based in Canada
HMAS Bendigo (FCPB 211). HMAS Bendigo (FCPB 211) was a  in the Royal Australian Navy (RAN).

Design and construction

Starting in the late 1960s, planning began for a new class of patrol boat to replace the , with designs calling for improved seakeeping capability, and updated weapons and equipment. The Fremantles had a full load displacement of , were  long overall, had a beam of , and a maximum draught of . Main propulsion machinery consisted of two MTU series 538TB91 V16 diesel engines, which supplied  to the two propeller shafts. Exhaust was not expelled through a funnel, like most ships, but through vents below the waterline.

The patrol boat could reach a maximum speed of , and had a maximum range of  at . The ship's company consisted of 22 personnel. Each patrol boat was armed with a single Bofors 40mm gun as main armament, supplemented by two .50-calibre Browning machineguns and an 81 mm mortar, although the mortar was removed from all ships sometime after 1988. The main weapon was originally to be two 30-mm guns on a twin-mount, but the reconditioned Bofors were selected to keep costs down; provision was made to install an updated weapon later in the class' service life, but this did not eventuate.

Bendigo was laid down by NQEA in Cairns, Queensland on 21 September 1981, launched on 9 April 1983, and commissioned on 28 May 1983.

Operational history
Bendigo operated out of , and spent the majority of her career protecting Australia's northern borders.

On 12 November 1998, Bendigo grounded on submerged rocks near Michaelmas Cay, 20 miles north of Cairns, while carrying 45 passengers for a Family Day cruise. There were no casualties and only minor damage to the patrol boat, which was refloated 35 minutes after the grounding, with the help of an Australian Volunteer Coast Guard boat.

On 16 July 1985, Bendigo  became the first patrol boat to circumnavigate Australia.

Fate
Bendigo was decommissioned on 9 September 2006. The patrol boat was broken up for scrap in Darwin during 2006 and 2007, at a cost of $450,000 to the Australian government.

Citations

References

 The chapter is available separately as Semaphore, Issue 17, 2005 in PDF and HTML formats.

External links
 RAN page for HMAS Bendigo (II)

Fremantle-class patrol boats
Ships built in Queensland
1983 ships