omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Vektor SS-77. The Vektor SS-77 is a general-purpose machine gun designed and manufactured by Denel Land Systems—formerly Lyttleton Engineering Works (LIW)—of South Africa.

History 
In the late 1970s, South Africa was involved in an international controversy over apartheid and the South African Border War in Angola. As a result, it was subject to an international arms embargo and had to, out of necessity, design and manufacture its own weapons. The SS-77 was developed to replace the FN MAG. It was designed in 1977 by Col. Richard Joseph "Boer" Smith and Lazlo Soregi. The "SS" in its name stands for Smith and Soregi, and "77" for 1977, the year it was designed. The design was put into action and the prototype components were hand manufactured in the armoury shop of 61 BWS under the supervision of Sgt Hattingh, L/cpl Nel and two privates. When said components worked well in the prototype, it was handed over to Lyttleton Engineering, who eventually manufactured and brought the SS77 into production.

Denel unveiled at the Africa Aerospace and Defence (AAD) 2016 exhibit that the SS-77 will be replaced in production by the DMG-5 and DMG-5 CX GPMG.

SS-77s typically feed ammunition using an R1M1 disintegrating link belt, though M13 disintegrating link belts and non-disintegrating DM1 belts are also compatible. The belt may also be further contained in a dust-proof nylon pouch with a 100-round capacity, or a waterproof and rigid box with a 200-round capacity.

Mini-SS 
In 1994, a light machine gun version, the Mini-SS, chambered in 5.56×45mm NATO was introduced. LIW also manufactured kits to convert existing SS-77 to the Mini-SS. Changes include the weight decrease from  with a folding bipod and fixed butt.

Variants 

SS-77 is the 7.62×51mm NATO calibre
Mini-SS is chambered for 5.56×45mm NATO.
Mini-SS Compact
DMG-5

Users 

: Policía Nacional de Colombia, Infantería de Marina de Colombia.
 Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda
: Indonesian National Armed Forces
: Kenya Air Force: For IAR 330 helicopters.

: Royal Malaysian Navy-PASKAL and Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
: Mini-SS for the Peruvian Army
: Philippine National Police-Special Action Force
: 215 SS-77 MK1 LMGs acquired in late 2008 and delivered in 2009.
: SS-77 machine guns were delivered in 1992. Some were captured by the Rwandan Patriotic Front.
: Mini-SS
: General-purpose machine gun of the South African National Defence Force. Issued since 1986.

Popular culture

Video games 
 Arma 3, in DLC Western Sahara (« SA-77 »)

References

External links

Manufacturer's website

5.56×45mm NATO machine guns
7.62×51mm NATO machine guns
General-purpose machine guns
Squad automatic weapons
Light machine guns
Post–Cold War weapons of South Africa
Infantry weapons of the Cold War
Cold War firearms of South Africa
Machine guns of South Africa
Military equipment introduced in the 1970s
Denel
Texture gradient. Texture gradient is the distortion in size which closer objects have compared to objects further away. It also involves groups of objects appearing denser as they move further away. Additionally, it could be explained by noticing a certain amount of detail depending on how close something is, giving a sense of depth perception.
There are three main forms of texture gradient: density, perspective, and distortion of texture elements.

Texture gradient is carefully used in the painting Paris Street, Rainy Day by Gustave Caillebotte.

Texture gradient was used in a study of child psychology in 1976 and studied by Sidney Weinstein in 1957.

In 2000, a paper about the texture gradient equation, wavelets, and shape from texture was released by Maureen Clerc and Stéphane Mallat.

See also
 Texture (visual arts)
 Image gradient
 Perspective distortion

References

Artistic techniques
Mesh (disambiguation). Mesh is a type of physical material distinguished by connected and crossing strands

Mesh or MESH may also refer to:

In science
 Mesh (scale), a measurement scale for small particles
 Abbreviated structural formula of the chemical methanethiol (MeSH)
 Number sign
 An elemental electrical circuit loop, used in mesh analysis

In computing and mathematics
 A description of an object by a collection of small simple shapes, commonly used in numerical simulations and computer graphics
 Types of mesh in computational mathematics
 Polygon mesh, a partition into polygons
 Mesh (mathematics), a partition of an interval
 Mesh generation or "grid generation" or "meshing," algorithms and software for creating meshes
 Mesh network, a highly interconnected network of computers or networking hardware
 Windows Live Mesh, free synchronization and Remote Desktop software from Microsoft
 "Macintosh Enhanced SCSI Hardware" (MESH), the Power Macintosh MESH SCSI controller
 MESH (cipher), an encryption algorithm
 Mesh Computers, a British computer manufacturer
 Bluetooth mesh, networking standard by Bluetooth SIG

In popular culture
 Mesh (band), a British synthpop band
 Modern Day Zero, a St. Louis rock band previously known as "Mesh" and "Mesh STL"
 Mesh, an alias used by Dutch trance musician Jack Molenschot
Meshes (EP), an EP by Pram

In medicine
 Surgical mesh, used to support and repair organs and tissues during surgery
 MeSH, an acronym for Medical Subject Headings

In apparel 

 Mesh is a collective term for a variety of very thin, breathable and often see-through fabrics used in bridal wear, lingerie and sports wear.

Food
 Mish, a traditional Egyptian cheese that is made by fermenting salty cheese for several months or years.

Other
 M.E.S.H., a 1966-formed consortium of European missile manufacturers - Matra, ERNO, Saab AB and Hawker Siddeley Dynamics

See also
Grid (disambiguation)
Lattice (disambiguation)
 Mash (disambiguation)
Mooney M-18 Mite. The Mooney M-18 "Mite" is a low-wing, single-seat monoplane with retractable, tricycle landing gear.

The Mite was designed by Al Mooney and was intended as a personal airplane marketed to fighter pilots returning from World War II.

Development
The M-18 design goal was extremely low operating costs. The Mite is constructed mainly of fabric-covered wood, with a single spruce and plywood "D" wing spar. The wing aft of the spar is fabric-covered.

The airfoil selected for the design was the NACA 64A215. The M-18 represented the first time a NACA 6-series airfoil had been used on a civil aircraft after World War II.

The aircraft featured a unique "safe-trim" system. This mechanical device links the wing flaps to the tail trim system and automatically adjusts the horizontal stabilizer angle when the flaps are deflected, reducing or eliminating pitch changes when the flaps are lowered.

Production
The Mooney Aircraft Corporation built a total of 283 Mites in Wichita, Kansas, and Kerrville, Texas, between 1947 and 1954. The first seven were powered by belt driven, modified  Crosley automobile engines, but these proved to be troublesome. Production shifted to the M-18L powered by the four-cylinder,  Lycoming O-145 powerplant. The original Crosley-powered Mites were recalled and retrofitted with the Lycoming engines at no charge. The later M-18C used the Continental A65  aircraft engine.

The market for the single-seat M-18 was limited, so Mooney later developed the four-seat M-20 to appeal to aircraft owners with families. In the early 1970s,  Mooney offered plans for four different home-built versions of the M-18.

Factory production of the Mite ended in 1954. Leading up to this, the company was losing $1000 on each plane, which accelerated the development of the M20. Another factor was that Continental had ceased production of the engine used in the Mite due to a lack of demand.

Operational history
As of January 2016, 119 Mites were still registered in the United States and three in Canada.

Specifications (Mooney Mite M-18C)

References

Bibliography
 
 

Homebuilt aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Mite
Single-engined tractor aircraft
1940s United States civil utility aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1947
Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
Pin-Bot. Pin-Bot (styled PIN•BOT) is a pinball machine released by Williams in October 1986. It was designed by Python Anghelo and Barry Oursler.

Rules
The main objective of Pin-Bot is to advance through the planets of the Solar System, starting at Pluto and reaching the Sun.  The player advances from planet to planet by hitting specially marked targets, earning special bonuses throughout the game.

Pin-Bot's main feature is a grid of lights in the center of the playfield, just below the Pin•Bot.  The player can fill this grid by hitting the targets above and to the right of it.  Once completed, the visor opens, enabling the player to lock two balls in the robot's eye sockets, starting a two-ball multiball mode.  The player can then re-lock one of the balls and use the other to score a Solar Value (jackpot) up the left ramp, at which point both balls go back into play.  Each shot up the left ramp increases the Solar Value until it is collected, and this jackpot is carried over between games.

The game's playfield also features a spiral ramp, which serves as a skill shot from the plunger, and a bagatelle-style mini-playfield at the Solar Ramp exit, which can feed the ball to the right inlane, the plunger, the pop bumpers, or directly back onto the playfield.

Sequels
Pin-Bot was followed by two sequels: The Machine: Bride of Pin-Bot (released in 1991) and Jack-Bot (released in 1995).

Game quotes
 "Pin-Bot circuits activated."
 "I am in your control."
 "Partial link-up."
 "Now I see you."
 "Shoot for solar value."
 "Energy transferred."
 "We control the universe."

In popular culture
The Pin-Bot character appears in the 1988 Taxi pinball machine (created by Python Anghelo and Mark Ritchie).
A Pin-Bot machine appears in the 1988 film, Crocodile Dundee II.
A Pin-Bot machine appears in the 1988 film, Big.
A Pin-Bot machine appears in the 2002 film, Big Fat Liar.
Several Pin-Bot machines (labeled as Rik*Dat) appear as throwable weapons in the third stage of the arcade version of The Combatribes.
A Pin-Bot machine is the central machine used in Terra Lightfoot'''s "Pinball King" music video released on her "New Mistakes" album in 2017.

Digital versions
An enhanced simulation was released for the original 8-bit Nintendo Entertainment System in 1990 with very reduced graphics and sound effects due to the processing and gaming power of the system. Pin Bot was also included with more enhanced graphics in the arcade game UltraPin.Pin-Bot was available with more realistic graphics as a licensed table of The Pinball Arcade for several platforms along with The Machine: Bride of Pin-Bot and Jack-Bot (the successors). None of these three tables are available due to WMS license expiration on June 30, 2018.Pin*Bot is included in the Pinball Hall of Fame: The Williams Collection''.

References

External links
IPDB listing for Pin-Bot

1986 pinball machines
Williams pinball machines
Acetogenesis. Acetogenesis is a process through which acetyl-CoA or acetic acid is produced by anaerobic bacteria through the reduction of  via the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway. Other microbial processes that produce acetic acid (like certain types of fermentation or the oxidative breakdown of carbohydrates or ethanol by acetic acid bacteria) are not considered acetogenesis. The diverse bacterial species capable of acetogenesis are collectively called acetogens.

Reduction of  to acetic acid via the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway requires an electron source (e.g., H2, CO, formate, etc.). When acetogens are grown autotrophically, they synthesize acetic acid only through the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway; but when they are grown heterotrophically, they can produce additional acetic acid by oxidation of the carbon source (carbohydrates, organic acids, or alcohols). Once produced, acetyl-CoA can be incorporated into biomass or converted to acetic acid.

Discovery  
In 1932, organisms were discovered that could convert hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide into acetic acid. The first acetogenic bacterium species,  Clostridium aceticum, was discovered in 1936 by Klaas Tammo Wieringa. A second species, Moorella thermoacetica, attracted wide interest because of its ability, reported in 1942, to convert glucose into three moles of acetic acid, a process called homoacetate fermentation.

Biochemistry 
The precursor to acetic acid is the thioester acetyl CoA. The key aspects of the acetogenic pathway are several reactions that include the reduction of carbon dioxide () to carbon monoxide (CO) and the attachment of CO to a methyl group (–CH) and coenzyme A. The first process is catalyzed by enzymes called carbon monoxide dehydrogenase. The coupling of the methyl group (provided by methylcobalamin), the CO, and the coenzyme A is catalyzed by acetyl-CoA synthase.

The global reduction reaction of  into acetic acid by  is the following:

   ΔG° = −95 kJ/mol

The conversion of one mole of glucose into three moles of acetic acid  is also a thermodynamically favorable reaction:

   ΔG° = −310.9 kJ/mol

However, what matters for the cell is how much ATP is generated. This depends on the substrate.

Applications  
The unique metabolism of acetogens has significance in biotechnological uses. In carbohydrate fermentations, the decarboxylation reactions end in the conversion of organic carbon into carbon dioxide. In the production of biofuels, the need to reduce  emissions, as well as the need to be competitive, means that this inefficiency should perhaps be eliminated by using acetogens. Acetogenesis does not replace glycolysis with a different pathway but rather captures the  from glycolysis and uses it to produce acetic acid. Although three molecules of acetic acid can be produced in this way, production of three molecules of ethanol would require an additional reducing agent such as hydrogen gas.

References   

Anaerobic digestion
Biochemical reactions
Hydrogen biology
IAsiaWorks. iAsiaWorks was an ISP and Internet data center (IDC) from 2000–2001 during the final days of the dot-com era, which built state-of-the-art data centers in Hong Kong, Taipei, Seoul and other cities. Its IPO on the NASDAQ was IAWK on Aug 19th, 2000.

Officers
 CEO: Jon Beizer
 CFO: Jon Engman
 CSO: Nick Levay

Description
iAsiaWorks began as a Taiwan & Korean ISP called AUNet, raised additional capital, and purchased AT&T's Hong Kong ISP business in early 2000. The newly merged company offered leased line and datacenter space to companies across Asia Pacific, but with a particular focus on Taiwan, Hong Kong, and South Korea. In each of these markets it built  datacenter facilities, which remained mostly empty until it closed in mid to late 2001. The facilities were built to the highest specifications available in Asia. In the fall of 2001 iAsiaWork's facility in Seoul was purchased by Dacom where it consolidated its 'KIDC' operations. Its former facility in Hong Kong was occupied by Singtel. The status of the facility in Taiwan remains unknown.

References

External links
 iAsiaWorks Memorial website created by Tom Cross and Nick Levay of the Industrial Memetics Institute

Internet service providers of the United States
Syed Abu Nasar. Syed Abu Nasar (December 25, 1932 – January 29, 2012) was a James R. Boyd Professor of Electrical Engineering (Emeritus) at the University of Kentucky.  He was born in India and got his doctorate in electrical engineering at the University of California, Berkeley in 1963 .  His research concerned electric motors.  He served as the chair of the Electrical Engineering department at the University of Kentucky from 1989 to 1997.  He was a Life Fellow of the IEEE and the recipient of the 2000 IEEE Nikola Tesla Award.

References

External links
Syed Abu Nasar's website
Quadrangle - University of Kentucky, College of Engineering

1932 births
2012 deaths
Fellows of the IEEE
American academics of Indian descent
Inter-processor interrupt. In computing, an inter-processor interrupt (IPI), also known as a shoulder tap, is a special type of interrupt by which one processor may interrupt another processor in a multiprocessor system if the interrupting processor requires action from the other processor.  Actions that might be requested include:

 flushes of memory management unit caches, such as translation lookaside buffers, on other processors when memory mappings are changed by one processor;
 stopping when the system is being shut down by one processor.
 Notify a processor that higher priority work is available.
 Notify a processor of work that cannot be done on all processors due to, e.g.,
 asymmetric access to I/O channels
 special features on some processors

Mechanism 
The M65MP option of OS/360  used the Direct Control feature of the S/360 to generate an interrupt on another processor; on S/370 and its successors, including z/Architecture, the SIGNAL PROCESSOR instruction provides a more formalized interface. The documentation for some IBM operating systems refers to this as a shoulder tap.

On IBM PC compatible computers that use the Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller (APIC), IPI signaling is often performed using the APIC. When a CPU wishes to send an interrupt to another CPU, it stores the interrupt vector and the identifier of the target's local APIC in the Interrupt Command Register (ICR) of its own local APIC. A message is then sent via the APIC bus to the target's local APIC, which then issues a corresponding interrupt to its own CPU.

Examples 
In a multiprocessor system running Microsoft Windows, a processor may interrupt another processor for the following reasons, in addition to the ones listed above:

 queue a DISPATCH_LEVEL interrupt to schedule a particular thread for execution;
 kernel debugger breakpoint.

IPIs are given an IRQL of 29.

See also
 Interrupt
 Interrupt handler
 Non-maskable interrupt (NMI)

References

External links 
Interrupts and Exceptions

Interrupts
Baldwin AS-16. The BLH AS-16 was a diesel-electric locomotive rated at , that rode on two-axle trucks, having a B-B wheel arrangement.  It was the successor to Baldwin's DRS-4-4-1500 model, and remained in production until Baldwin-Lima-Hamilton quit the locomotive manufacturing business in 1956.

Nine railroads bought 127 locomotives, with five railroads having bought the previous model. None have survived into preservation.

Original buyers

Usage
The AS-16 was designed as an all-around useful locomotive, capable of freight or passenger service.
The engine had optional benefits such as a steam generator or dynamic brakes. 
The AAR Type B truck warranted higher speed than its siblings, the AS-416 and  AS-616, with their three axle trucks.

References 

 

B-B locomotives
AS-16
Diesel–electric locomotives of the United States
Railway locomotives introduced in 1950
Standard gauge locomotives of the United States
Dadi Auto. Dadi Auto (officially Dadi Automobile Group Co., Ltd.) was a pickup truck and heavy-duty truck manufacturing company headquartered in Baoding, China. Formerly a military automobile maker, Baoding Dadi assembled their first civil pickup in 1988. Their product line-up mirrored that of Great Wall Motor and Zhongxing. The company claimed a production capacity of 50,000 units per year, but this figure may conflate engines and whole vehicles. The company later stopped manufacturing passenger cars and focused on the commercial vehicle market. In November 2011, Chinese conglomerate CHTC acquired Dadi and reincorporated it as Hengtian (CHTC) Dadi Automobile Co., Ltd. on October 16, 2012.

Models 

 Dadi Bliss (2005–2012; a Pickup based on the Isuzu Rodeo)
 Dadi City Leading (2005–2012; a SUV based on Toyota Land Cruiser HDJ100)
 Dadi City Steed (2006–2012; a SUV based on second generation Toyota Land Cruiser Prado )
 Dadi Courtly (2006–2012; a Pickup based on Isuzu Rodeo)
 Dadi Shuttle (2007–2012; SUV based on penultimate generation Toyota Land Cruiser Prado)
 Dadi Smoothing (2006–2012; Pickup based on Isuzu Rodeo)
 Dadi Unisonous (2007–2012; Pickup based on Isuzu D-MAX)

Dadi Compartment Vehicles

Dadi Compartment Vehicles was a separate division which produces 50,000 units per year. The DCV was engaged in the production of special vehicles. These are based on the older Toyota Land Cruiser 100 or other regular Dadi vehicles.

Current Models of DCV are:
 DCV BDD5023XXYC
 DCV BDD5023XXYE

See also
Automotive industry in China

References

External links
 Official website (in English)

Truck manufacturers of China
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1988
Vehicle manufacturing companies disestablished in 2012
Who Me. Who Me was a top secret, sulfurous, non-lethal chemical weapon developed by the American Office of Strategic Services during World War II, to be used by the French Resistance against German officers. Who Me smelled strongly of fecal matter, and was issued in pocket atomizers intended to be unobtrusively sprayed on a German officer, humiliating him and, by extension, demoralizing the occupying German forces.

The experiment was very short-lived, however. Who Me had a high concentration of extremely volatile sulfur compounds that were very difficult to control: more often than not, the person who did the spraying also ended up smelling as bad as the one targeted. After only two weeks, it was concluded that Who Me was a failure.

References

External links
 Pain, Stephanie (July 7, 2001).  "Stench Warfare".  New Scientist

Non-lethal weapons
Military equipment of World War II
Odor
James H. McClellan. James H. McClellan (born 5 October 1947) is the Byers Professor of Signal Processing at the Georgia Institute of Technology. He is widely known for his creation of the McClellan transform and for his co-authorship of the Parks–McClellan filter design algorithm.

Early life and education 
James McClellan was born on October 5, 1947, in Guam. McClellan received his B.S. in Electrical Engineering from Louisiana State University in 1969. He went on to receive an M.S. (1972) and a Ph.D. (1973) from Rice University.

Career 
In 1973, he joined the research staff of MIT's Lincoln Laboratory. In 1975, he became a professor at MIT's Electrical Engineering and Computer Science department before leaving to join Schlumberger. Since 1987, he has been at the Georgia Institute of Technology. Prof. McClellan is a Fellow of the IEEE. He received the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing Technical Achievement Award in 1987, the IEEE Signal Processing Society Award in 1996, and the IEEE Jack S. Kilby Signal Processing Medal in 2004 (together with Thomas W. Parks).

Books 
 Number Theory in Digital Signal Processing, J. H. McClellan and C. M. Rader, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1979, .
 Computer-Based Exercises for Signal Processing Using MATLAB, J. H. McClellan, C. S. Burrus, A. V. Oppenheim, T. W. Parks, R.W. Schafer, H. W. Schuessler, Prentice Hall, 1998, .
 Signal Processing First: A Multimedia Approach, J. H. McClellan, R.W. Schafer, M. A. Yoder, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1998, .
 DSP First: A Multimedia Approach, J. H. McClellan, R. W. Schafer, M. A. Yoder, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1997, .

References

External links
Department page at the Georgia Institute of Technology.
Faculty profile at the Georgia Institute of Technology.
Technical explanation of the Parks–McClellan FIR filter design algorithm.
Publications from Google Scholar.

American electrical engineers
Louisiana State University alumni
Rice University alumni
Fellows of the IEEE
Georgia Tech faculty
Living people
MIT Lincoln Laboratory people
1947 births