omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Steve Grand (roboticist). Steve Grand OBE (born 12 February 1958) is a British computer scientist and roboticist. He was the creator and lead programmer of the Creatures artificial life simulation, which he discussed in his first book Creation: Life and How to Make It, a finalist for the 2001 Aventis Prize for Science Books. He is also an Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire, which he received in 2000.

Grand's project from 2001 to 2006 was the building of an artificial robot baby orangutan, with the intention of having it learn as a human baby would. This is documented in his book Growing up with Lucy.

Projects
Creatures
One of the best known projects created by Steve Grand is Creatures, an artificial life simulation, which his company Cyberlife Technology released in the 1996. It was the first in a series of games.

Lucy, the Android
His project from 2001 to 2005 was Lucy, a mechanical baby orangutan. Lucy was an attempt at simulating the mind of a human baby.

Sim-biosis
Grand worked on Sim-biosis, a computer simulation game in which complete artificial creatures could be built from functional, structural units. It is available on SourceForge under the name Simergy.

Grandroids
In February 2011, Grand announced a new project, Grandroids, described as "real 'alien' life forms who can live in a virtual world on your computer". In September 2024, the project was renamed to Phantasia, and the progress updates were made public.

Bibliography

 Creation: Life and How to Make It (2001) 
 Growing Up with Lucy (2004) 
 What is the Secret of Consciousness? (2014) TEDx Oporto presentation

References

External links
 
 Transcript of Steve's keynote speech, "Machines Like Us," given at the Applied Knowledge Research Institute's 2002 Biennial Seminar
 Steve Grand at MobyGames
 Steve Grand at the Creatures Wiki
 Feature article on Steve Grand's anthropoid orangutan, Lucy
 Steve Grand quotes
 Steve Grand's discussion with Johnjoe McFadden
 Cyberlife Research Limited
 Steve Grand's Machines Like Us interview
 Grandroids: Real artificial life on your PC a project by Steve Grand

1958 births
British artificial intelligence researchers
British roboticists
British video game designers
Creatures (video game series)
English computer scientists
Living people
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Researchers of artificial life
Defiant. Defiant may refer to:

In the Star Trek universe 
 Defiant (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine), an episode of the series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine
 Star Trek: Defiant, comic book by IDW
 USS Defiant, a starship in Star Trek: Deep Space Nine and in the film Star Trek: First Contact
 USS Defiant (NCC-1764), sister ship to the Enterprise in the Star Trek: The Original Series episode "The Tholian Web"

Transportation 
 Boulton Paul Defiant, a British fighter aircraft of World War 2
 Defiant 300, a prototype aircraft of the Philippines
 GWR 4073 Class 5080 Defiant, a Great Western Railway locomotive
 Rutan Defiant, an aircraft designed by Burt Rutan
 , a Valiant-class tugboat launched 2010
 Sikorsky–Boeing SB-1 Defiant, an American compound helicopter

Other uses 
 Defiant, a 2006 album by Vice Squad
 Defiant (G.I. Joe), a fictional space shuttle complex in the toy line G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero
 Defiant Comics, a comic book publishing imprint
 Defiant Theatre, an American theatre company based in Chicago
 Defiant (film), a 2023 documentary film
 The Defiant, a World War II memoir by Shalom Yoran
 The Defiant (band), American punk rock supergroup
 The Sandpit Generals, a 1971 American film also released as The Defiant
 H.M.S. Defiant, a 1962 film
 Toronto Defiant, a Canadian esports team

See also
 Defiance (disambiguation)
 Defy (disambiguation)
 Disobedience
The Human Factor: Revolutionizing the Way We Live with Technology. The Human Factor: Revolutionizing the Way People Live with Technology () is a book by Kim Vicente that Routledge published in 2004. Vicente asserts (as cited in the Optimize article listed in the "References" section) technology in such constructs as hospitals, airplanes, and nuclear power plants have significant room for improvement.  Some of the specific industrial accidents Vicente analyzes are the Walkerton Tragedy and  the Chernobyl Disaster.  Also, for medical error, he details many fatal vincristine dosage errors.

Contents

Preface

Part One - Technology Wreaking Havoc

In this section Vicente gives examples of technology in modern life where Human-tech design could have helped increase effectiveness or even prevent disasters such as the Chernobyl Disaster.

Part Two - Technology For Humans

Part 2 of The Human Factor titled "Technology for Humans" is organized according to what Vicente calls "The Human-tech Ladder". This ladder consists of five levels relating to Human-tech design principles. These levels include physical, psychological, team, organizational, and political elements. Each section of the second part of The Human Factor focuses on one of these design principles, explaining fully how they relate to design and giving examples that exemplify them.

Part Three - Regaining Control Of Our Lives

In this final section Vicente outlines a way to put his design viewpoint into practice. He enumerates steps for not only those in design teams but consumers as well.

External links 
Book review

2004 non-fiction books
Routledge books
CML. CML  may refer to:

Computing 
 Chemical Markup Language, a representation of chemistry using XML
 Column Managed Lengths, a representation of data in columns
 Concurrent Mapping and Localization, a technique for building and utilizing maps by autonomous robots
 Concurrent ML, a high-level language for concurrent programming
 Configuration Menu Language, a language and system for compiling the Linux kernel
 Conversation Markup Language, a language for building chatbots
 Coupled Map Lattices, an extended method of cellular automaton

Electronics 
 Current mode logic, a differential digital logic family
 Commercial microwave link, a communication channel between neighbouring towers in mobile networks

Organizations 
 Centre for Missional Leadership, the Watford campus of the London School of Theology
 Cinematography Mailing List, a long established and renowned website for professional cinematographers
 Classical Marimba League, an organization promoting the marimba, a percussion instrument
 CML - Institute of Environmental Sciences, an institute at Leiden University - the Netherlands
 Colorado Municipal League, see NLC members
 Columbus Metropolitan Library, one of the most used library systems in the United States
 Corpul Muncitoresc Legionar, a Romanian fascist workers' association
 Council of Mortgage Lenders, a trade association for the British mortgage lending industry

Science and medicine
 Chronic myelogenous leukemia, a blood cancer
 N(6)-Carboxymethyllysine, an advanced glycation end-product

Other uses 
 Camarillo (Amtrak station) (station code CML), a train station in California, United States
 Chiltern Main Line 
 Capital market line, the result when the market portfolio is combined with the risk-free asset
 Certified Master Locksmith, as awarded by the Associated Locksmiths of America
 950 in Roman numerals
 Camooweal Airport, IATA airport code "CML"
 Comilla railway station (station code CML), a railway station in Bangladesh

See also 
 A common mistyping of XML in computing
Open Bioinformatics Foundation. The Open Bioinformatics Foundation is a non-profit, volunteer-run organization focused on supporting open source programming in bioinformatics. The mission of the foundation is to support the development of open source toolkits for bioinformatics, organise developer-centric hackathon events and generally assist in the development and promotion of open source software development in the life sciences. The foundation also organises and runs the annual Bioinformatics Open Source Conference, a satellite meeting of the Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology conference. The foundation participates in the Google Summer of Code, acting as an umbrella organisation for individual bioinformatics-related projects.

The Open Bioinformatics Foundation was started in 2001, arising from the BioJava, BioPerl and BioPython projects. A formal membership for the foundation was created in 2005. In October 2012, the foundation began an association with Software in the Public Interest (SPI), a US-based non-profit which aids other organizations in the creation and distribution of free and open-source software. The association with SPI allows financial donations to the foundation (these are 501(c)3 tax-exempt in the US).

The foundation is governed by a board of directors, representing various Bio* projects. As of 2019, the OBF President is Peter Cock (BioPython). Previous OBF presidents include Ewan Birney and Hilmar Lapp (NESCent), previous Board members include Steven E. Brenner.

Projects
The foundation hosts servers for mailing lists, websites, and code repositories for a number of bioinformatics-related open source projects, including:
 BioJava – Java toolkit
 BioMOBY – Data and application execution through web services
 BioPerl – Perl toolkit
 BioPython – Python toolkit
 BioRuby – Ruby toolkit
 BioPHP
 EMBOSS – Sequence analysis toolkit.

See also
List of open-source bioinformatics software
Generic Model Organism Database

References

External links
 Open Bioinformatics Foundation website

Bioinformatics organizations
Free software project foundations
Craig McClanahan. Craig R. McClanahan is a programmer and original author of the Apache Struts framework for building web applications. He was part of the expert group that defined the servlet 2.2, 2.3 and JSP 1.1, 1.2 specifications. He is also the architect of Tomcat's servlet container Catalina.

External links
 Craig McClanahan's weblog
 LinkedIn
 Jive Software
 Apache

1953 births
Living people
American computer programmers
Sun Microsystems people
FASat-Alfa. FASat-Alfa was to become the first Chilean satellite, and was constructed under a Technology Transfer Program between the Chilean Air Force (FACH) and Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd (SSTL) of the United Kingdom. The primary goal of the Program was to obtain for Chile the basic scientific and technological experience required to continue with more advanced steps. The purposes of the FASat-Alfa mission are to create a group of engineers with aerospace experience, to have the first Chilean satellite in orbit, and to install and operate the Mission Control Station (ECM-Santiago) in Chile.

There were two satellites: FASat-Alfa and FASat-Bravo. The Alfa satellite was launched on 31 August 1995 on TSYCLON from Plesetsk. Its orbit was intended to be 682 x 651 km, inclined at 82.53 degrees; however, the spacecraft failed to separate from the failed Ukrainian satellite it was attached to.

The Bravo satellite was launched on 10 July 1998, on TSYCLON from Baikonur. Its intended orbit was 682 x 651 km, inclined at 82.53 degrees. It was to operate 13,000 orbits until 2002.

Characteristics
Bus: SSTL microbus, fifth generation
Owner: Fuerza Aérea De Chile (Air Force), Chile
Payloads: Ozone Monitoring Experiment, Remote sensing, Data Transfer Experiment, Advanced Digital Signal Processing Payload, Orbital Positioning via GPS, Educational support

External links

Official FASat-Alfa project page (In spanish, with some articles in english) 
Spanish Wikipedia article

Satellites orbiting Earth
Satellites of Chile
Spacecraft launched in 1995
First artificial satellites of a country
Naugahyde. Naugahyde is an American brand of artificial leather. Naugahyde is a composite knit fabric backing and expanded polyvinyl chloride (PVC) coating. It was developed by Byron A. Hunter, a senior chemist at the United States Rubber Company, and is now manufactured and sold by the corporate spin-off Uniroyal Engineered Products LLC.

Its name, first used as a trademark in 1936, comes from the name of Naugatuck, Connecticut, where it was first produced. It is now manufactured in Stoughton, Wisconsin.

Uses 
The primary use for Naugahyde is as a substitute for leather in upholstery. In this application it is very durable and can be easily maintained by wiping with a damp sponge or cloth.  Being a synthetic product, it is supplied in long rolls, allowing large sections of furniture to be covered seamlessly, unlike animal hides.

General Motors for several decades used the material in several of its vehicles, with the term  "Cordaveen" and later "Madrid-grain vinyl" for Buick, "Morocceen" for Oldsmobile, and "Morrokide" for Pontiac vehicles, while Chevrolet didn't use a brand name and simply listed it in sales brochures as "vinyl interior".

Marketing

A marketing campaign of the 1960s and 1970s asserted humorously that Naugahyde was obtained from the skin of an animal called a "Nauga". The claim became an urban myth. The campaign emphasized that, unlike other animals, which must typically be slaughtered to obtain their hides, Naugas can shed their skin without harm to themselves. The Nauga doll, a squat, horned monster with a wide, toothy grin, became popular in the 1960s and is still sold today.

References

External links
 The Naugahyde Company

Artificial leather
Lockheed Martin X-44 MANTA. The Lockheed Martin X-44 MANTA (Multi-Axis No-Tail Aircraft) was an American conceptual aircraft design by Lockheed Martin that has been studied by NASA and the U.S. Air Force. It was intended to test the feasibility of full yaw, pitch and roll authority without tailplanes (horizontal or vertical). Attitude control would rely purely on 3D thrust vectoring. The aircraft design was derived from the F-22 Raptor and featured a stretched delta wing without tail surfaces.

History

NASA and the U.S. Air Force had begun preliminary work on the aircraft by May 1999. Plans called for MANTA technologies to be demonstrated on either an F-22 Raptor or F-15. An X-44 prototype would begin test flights by fiscal year 2007. NASA planners stated that developing technologies for the X-44 could have application to the F-22 and Joint Strike Fighter programs and commercial supersonic ventures.

Initial feasibility work was funded by government and two contractors. NASA approved the program to start in June 1999, giving the aircraft the designation "X-44A". Funding for the X-44 ended in 2000. Some of the subsequent FB-22 proposals had considered having no tailplanes and would have continued the research from the MANTA program.

Design and development

Planning documents called for an aircraft that "leapfrogs state-of-the-art." The X-44 was designed by Lockheed Martin to demonstrate the feasibility of an aircraft controlled by vectored thrust alone. The X-44 design had a reduced radar signature (due to lack of tail and vertical stabilizers) and was made more efficient by eliminating the tail and rudder surfaces, and instead using thrust vectors to provide yaw, pitch and roll control.

The X-44 MANTA design was based on the F-22. The engine and fuselage would be carried over to the X-44. Major differences included the delta wing shape and tail-less design. Plans called for the elimination of flight control surfaces. Yaw, pitch and roll authority would be accomplished through thrust-vectoring, possibly by modifying the extant 2-D vectoring nozzles of the F-22. These changes would in effect be combining the control and propulsion systems. The X-44 MANTA would have a greater fuel capacity than the F-22, due to its larger delta wing design. The MANTA was designed to have reduced mechanical complexity, increased fuel efficiency and greater agility.

See also

References

Citations

Bibliography

External links
 Day, Dwayne A. "Delta Wings". centennialofflight.net

Stealth aircraft
X-044
Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United States
Twinjets
Tailless delta-wing aircraft
Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear
Three dimension thrust vectoring aircraft
Yasumasa Kanada. was a Japanese computer scientist most known for his numerous world records over the past three decades for calculating digits of . He set the record 11 of the past 21 times.

Career 
Kanada was a professor in the Department of Information Science at the University of Tokyo in Tokyo, Japan until 2015.

Pi records 
From 2002 until 2009, Kanada held the world record calculating the number of digits in the decimal expansion of pi – exactly 1.2411 trillion digits. The calculation took more than 600 hours on 64 nodes of a HITACHI SR8000/MPP supercomputer.  Some of his competitors in recent years include Jonathan and Peter Borwein and the Chudnovsky brothers.

See also
 Chronology of computation of

References

External links
 
 
 

1949 births
2020 deaths
20th-century Japanese mathematicians
21st-century Japanese mathematicians
People from Himeji, Hyōgo
Pi-related people
Tohoku University alumni
Academic staff of the University of Tokyo
Bachmann Branchline. Bachmann Branchline is a British OO gauge model railway brand manufactured by Bachmann Europe PLC, a subsidiary of Bachmann Industries, and is used for British outline OO scale model railways. 

Bachmann, a US company founded in 1835, was purchased by Kader Industries in 1987. Kader had previously produced models for Palitoy under the Mainline brand. Palitoy required its manufacturers to produce and retain ownership of the toolings and Kader had used the toolings and added new ones for models commissioned by Replica Railways following the demise of Mainline.

Kader formed Bachmann Europe PLC in 1989 with its main UK headquarters in Moat Way, Barwell, and the following year launched the Bachmann Branchline range for the British market with the moulds that had previously been used for Mainline Railways and Replica. From this starting point Bachmann has developed the range further and now produce a large range of models competing in particular with Hornby.

In 2000, Bachmann Europe PLC bought Graham Farish, an N gauge manufacturer, and since then many of its models have been made available in both gauges.

Items 

Bachmann is known for its consistent quality of model trains . Many of its trains include NEM pockets, making it possible to replace standard tension lock coupling with close couplings such as Kadees or screw link couplings.

Models produced 

The following locomotive models have been produced, or announced by Bachmann Branchline:

Diesel locomotives

Electric locomotives

Diesel multiple units

Electric multiple units

Steam Locomotives

OO9 Gauge Steam Locomotives

OO9 Gauge Diesel Locomotives

Rivals 

Hornby Railways - Bachmann and Hornby are the two largest OO manufacturers in locomotives, wagons, coaches, scenics and more. 
Dapol - Produces wagons in OO and N. Also produce locomotives.
Heljan - Produces a number of locomotives and wagons
Oxford Rail - Produces OO scale locos and wagons
Vi Trains - Recently started producing OO locomotives
Rails of Sheffield - Recently started producing OO locomotives with Dapol and Bachmann Branchline
Rapido Trains UK - Recently started producing OO locomotives and wagons in the UK Market
Accurascale - Recently started producing OO locomotives and wagons
Revolution Trains - Recently Started producing OO locomotives and wagons

References

External links 
 Bachmann Branchline pages on the Bachmann Europe website

Bachmann Industries
Model railroad manufacturers
Model manufacturers of the United Kingdom
Sheldon Roberts. C. Sheldon Roberts (October 27, 1926 – June 6, 2014) was an American semiconductor pioneer, and member of the "traitorous eight" who founded Silicon Valley.

Biography
Roberts earned a Bachelor's degree in metallurgical engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1948, and a Master's degree in 1949 and Ph.D. in 1952, from MIT.

Roberts then worked in research at the Naval Research Lab and the Dow Chemical Company. He joined the seminal Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory division of Beckman Instruments in Mountain View, California, but left the company along with other members of the traitorous eight with the backing of Sherman Fairchild to form the influential Fairchild Semiconductor corporation.

Roberts later founded Amelco (known now as Teledyne) with traitorous eight alumni Jean Hoerni and Jay Last.

References

External links

The Fairchild Chronicles 
Profile at Rensselaer
Rensselaer Alumni Hall of Fame profile

1926 births
2014 deaths
American metallurgists
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute alumni
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Silicon Valley people
Dow Chemical Company employees
Scientists at Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory
Simulink. Simulink is a MATLAB-based graphical programming environment for modeling, simulating and analyzing multidomain dynamical systems. Its primary interface is a graphical block diagramming tool and a customizable set of block libraries. It offers tight integration with the rest of the MATLAB environment and can either drive MATLAB or be scripted from it. Simulink is widely used in automatic control and digital signal processing for multidomain simulation and model-based design.

Add-on products 
MathWorks and other third-party hardware and software products can be used with Simulink. For example, Stateflow extends Simulink with a design environment for developing state machines and flow charts.

MathWorks claims that, coupled with another of their products, Simulink can automatically generate C source code for real-time implementation of systems. As the efficiency and flexibility of the code improves, this is becoming more widely adopted for production systems, in addition to being a tool for embedded system design work because of its flexibility and capacity for quick iteration. Embedded Coder creates code efficient enough for use in embedded systems.

Simulink Real-Time (formerly known as xPC Target), together with x86-based real-time systems, is an environment for simulating and testing Simulink and Stateflow models in real-time on the physical system.  Another MathWorks product also supports specific embedded targets.  When used with other generic products, Simulink and Stateflow can automatically generate synthesizable VHDL and Verilog.

Simulink Verification and Validation enables systematic verification and validation of models through modeling style checking, requirements traceability and model coverage analysis. Simulink Design Verifier uses formal methods to identify design errors like integer overflow, division by zero and dead logic, and generates test case scenarios for model checking within the Simulink environment.

SimEvents is used to add a library of graphical building blocks for modeling queuing systems to the Simulink environment, and to add an event-based simulation engine to the time-based simulation engine in Simulink.

Release history

References

External links
 

Cross-platform software
Linux software
Mathematical modeling
Numerical software
Simulation programming languages
Simulation software
Visual programming languages