omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Fairchild XNQ. The Fairchild XNQ (T-31; Model M-92) is an American trainer designed as a standard primary trainer for the United States Navy during the 1940s.

Design and development
Designed by Fairchild Aircraft as a replacement for current primary trainers, the XNQ-1 featured a controllable-pitch propeller, flaps, electronically operated retractable landing gear and all-metal skin with fabric-covered rudder, ailerons and elevators. Its unobstructed bubble canopy provided instructors and students seated in tandem with good visibility, and its cockpit instruments were arranged to match those found in contemporary jet fighters.

Operational history
The XNQ-1 basic/advanced trainer was developed for the U.S. Navy and was first flown by Richard Henson on 7 October 1946. Two prototypes were flown as XNQ-1 (BuNo. 75725 & 75726). Delivered to the U.S. Navy in 1947 for trials, they were rejected due to problems with exhaust fumes leaking into the cockpit. The first prototype was subsequently to receive a number of engine changes, first powered with a 320 hp Lycoming R-680-13, then finally with a horizontally opposed 350 hp Lycoming GSO-580. The aircraft was destroyed in a crash in 1950.

The second aircraft (BuNo. 75726), with a larger stabilizer, was evaluated by the United States Air Force in 1949 as a replacement for the  AT-6, with the USAF selecting it on 24 March 1949 as a primary trainer. Designed to be aerobatic to teach pilots maneuvers, such as stalls, spins and rolls, Fairchild received a contract for 100 Model 129s under the USAF designation T-31. However, the order was cancelled later in 1949, in favor of the Beech T-34 Mentor.

Fairchild dropped plans to develop the design as the company concentrated on other production contracts, including the C-119 Flying Boxcar.

Surviving aircraft
The second aircraft, privately owned, is still on the civil register as of 2021 in airworthy condition. The aircraft was donated to the Hagerstown Aviation Museum in Hagerstown, Maryland in 2024.

Specifications

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography
 Green, William and Gerald Pollinger. The Aircraft of the World. London: Macdonald, 1955.

External links

 Johan Visschedijk Collection No. 2578. Fairchild 92 XNQ-1 USAF
 Planes worth modeling: Fairchild T-31
 "Navy's XNQ-1 Primary Trainer", Popular Mechanics, July 1947

N01Q
1940s United States military trainer aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft with retractable conventional landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
RoboJackets. RoboJackets is a group of Georgia Tech students, faculty, and alumni that aims to enhance the understanding of the field of robotics and its applications. The team also strives to increase of the number of students exposed to it. The group, located in the Student Competition Center, allows students to engage in a wide range of engineering-related activities, and has members from almost every engineering major of study offered at Georgia Tech. Students work collaboratively in a group environment and have the abilities to pursue projects on their own.

History
RoboJackets was founded in 1999 by a group of grads and undergrads interested in the BattleBots competitions. The following year, they would start their highly respected FIRST outreach and mentoring program. The group's first home was in the J.S. Coon building. In 2003, due to renovations of the Coon building and the mechanical engineering department's move to new buildings, the RoboJackets were moved across the alley to the "Tin Building". After the move, the organization expanded to encompass a new IGVC team (started in 2003) and a RoboCup team (started in 2007). In 2011, the teams were relocated to the new Student Competition Center located on 14th Street, north of the Georgia Tech campus. In 2013, the RoboJackets IARRC team was created. Over the years, the team has grown from a handful of students to over 200 active members.

Competition
The RoboJackets participate in several robotics competitions, including RoboCup Small Size league, FIRST, BattleBots, the International Autonomous Robot Racing Challenge, and the Intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition. The organization also takes part in a few local non-robotics  competitions such as the Dooley Derby and the Starlight Soapbox Downhill Challenge.

Education
Since 2001, the RoboJackets have run Technology Enrichment Sessions (TE Sessions) each fall to expose high school students to science, technology, engineering and mathematics. The sessions, typically 10 weeks in length, focus on concepts and skills needed to participate in the FIRST Robotics Competition. The sessions culminate in a robotics challenge which allows the students to apply their newly found skills to a real robotic system. Typical attendance is over twenty schools. This year, two sessions, an advanced and beginner session, are planned.

Independent Projects

The RoboJackets also encourages its members to work on their own independent robotics projects. Some of these have included a hexapod, an inverse-kinematic arm, an automated version of the Georgia Tech "Rambling Wreck" mascot, and a Roomba-like vacuuming robot.

References

External links
Official website
RoboJackets Wiki

Georgia Tech
Robotics organizations
Tersano. Tersano Inc. is a privately held company based in Oldcastle, Ontario with offices and distribution centres throughout Canada, USA, Latin America, APAC and EMEA.

Established in 2001, Tersano develops and manufactures devices that produce Stabilized Aqueous Ozone (SAO) for personal and professional use. It serves clients in industries such as healthcare, education, manufacturing, and hospitality. Tersano was the first company to concurrently receive both the Green Seal 37 (for Industrial and Institutional Cleaners) and the Green Seal 53 (for Biologically Active Cleaning Products).

In 2006 the product was ready for its launch after being approved by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA Establishment #: 89093-CAN-1), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Canadian Standards Association (CSA) and Underwriters Laboratory. Since then Tersano has released more commercial and residential products such as ProScrub degreaser, ProBowl descaler, laundry pods, and microfiber cloths.

It was declared one of the best inventions in 2006 by Time Magazine. It has also received television media attention when the system was featured on an episode of “The Big Idea with Donny Deutsch”.

References

External links

Companies established in 2001
Ozone
2001 establishments in Ontario
Companies based in Windsor, Ontario
Bartel BM 1. 

The Bartel BM 1 Maryla, originally Bartel M.1 was a fighter aircraft design for the Polish military that did not advance beyond the design stage. It was designed in response to a Polish War Ministry competition in 1925 and was placed third, netting Bartel a zł 1,000 prize.  Maryla was the name of Bartel's wife.   The design was a single-seat parasol-wing monoplane similar in configuration to the Nieuport-Delage sesquiplanes of the era. A distinctive feature were Y-shaped struts joining wing with an undercarriage.  It was not built.

Specifications (as designed)

References

Further reading
 

1920s Polish fighter aircraft
BM-1
Parasol-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Diels–Reese reaction. The Diels–Reese Reaction is a reaction between hydrazobenzene and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (or related esters) first reported in 1934 by Otto Diels and Johannes Reese. Later work by others extended the reaction scope to include substituted hydrazobenzenes. The exact mechanism is not known. By changing the acidic or basic nature of the solvent, the reaction gives different products.  With acetic acid as solvent (acidic), the reaction gives an diphenylpyrazolone.  With xylene as solvent (neutral), the reaction gives an indole. With pyridine as solvent (basic), the reaction gives a carbomethoxyquinoline which can be degraded to a dihydroquinoline.

References

Name reactions
FEFLOW. FEFLOW (Finite Element subsurface FLOW system) is a computer program for simulating groundwater flow, mass transfer and heat transfer in porous media and fractured media. The program uses finite element analysis to solve the groundwater flow equation of both saturated and unsaturated conditions as well as mass and heat transport, including fluid density effects and chemical kinetics for multi-component reaction systems.

History 
The software was firstly introduced by Hans-Jörg G. Diersch in 1979, see  and. He developed the software in the Institute of Mechanics of the German Academy of Sciences Berlin up to 1990. In 1990 he was one of the founders of WASY GmbH of Berlin, Germany (the acronym WASY translates from German to Institute for Water Resources Planning and Systems Research), where FEFLOW has been developed further, continuously improved and extended as a commercial simulation package. In 2007 the shares of WASY GmbH were purchased by DHI. The WASY company has been fused and FEFLOW became part of the DHI Group software portfolio. FEFLOW is being further developed at DHI by an international team. Software distribution and services are worldwide.

Technology 
The program is offered in both 32-bit and 64-bit versions for Microsoft Windows and Linux operating systems.

FEFLOW's theoretical basis is fully described in the comprehensive FEFLOW book. It covers a wide range of physical and computational issues in the field of porous/fractured-media modeling. The book starts with a more general theory for all relevant flow and transport phenomena on the basis of the continuum mechanics, systematically develops the basic framework for important classes of problems (e.g., multiphase/multispecies non-isothermal flow and transport phenomena, variably saturated porous media, free-surface groundwater flow, aquifer-averaged equations, discrete feature elements), introduces finite element methods for solving the basic multidimensional balance equations, in detail discusses advanced numerical algorithms for the resulting nonlinear and linear problems, and completes with a number of benchmarks, applications and exercises to illustrate the different types of flow, mass and heat transport problems (e.g., subsurface flow and seepage problems, unsaturated-saturated flow, advective-diffusion transport, saltwater intrusion, geothermal and thermohaline flow).

Other groundwater simulators 
 MODFLOW
 Groundwater Modeling System
 MARTHE
 HydroGeoSphere
 HYDRUS
 PORFLOW
 MicroFEM LT
 OpenGeoSys
 Leapfrog Hydro
 ECLIPSE simulator with the H2O extension

Peer review

References

External links

Finite element software
Finite element software for Linux
Hydrogeology software
Scientific simulation software
Software that uses Motif (software)
Engineering software that uses Qt
Geology software for Linux
Tupolev ANT-1. The Tupolev ANT-1 was Tupolev OKB's first aircraft, designed by Andrei Tupolev based on his work with aerosleighs and boats. An experimental aircraft, it was expected to be used to examine Tupolev's ideas and to help the Soviets understand the use of metal in aircraft manufacturing.

Design and development
The ANT-1 was Tupolev's first aircraft and was built from metal, wood, and aluminum. Aluminum was used in the wing partitions and ribs, the vertical and horizontal tailplanes, and a few other smaller areas. The other weight carrying elements were made of wood, with linen fabric covering the fuselage and wings.

Operational history
The ANT-1 was first flown at Ekaterininskaya Square, now Krasnokazarmenaya Street. It was flown frequently over the next two years for tests. It was then stored in the assembly workshop – in the late 1930s and early 1940s, it was hung from the ceiling. However, with the disruptions to the bureau caused by World War II, it had disappeared by the time the war ended. The precise fate of the prototype is unknown, though it is likely that it was destroyed by the Germans in their advance to Moscow in the summer of 1941, along with other Tupolev aircraft. Since it was the only one built, there are no remaining ANT-1's today.

Operators

Tupolev factory.

Specifications

See also

References

 Duffy, Paul and Andrei Kandalov. (1996) Tupolev The Man and His aircraft. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers.
 Shavrov, V.B. (1985) History of aircraft construction in the USSR. Vol 1. p. 363. 
 Krylia Rodini. January 1992.

1920s Soviet and Russian experimental aircraft
ANT-01
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1923
USS Kite (AM-75). USS Kite (AM-75) was the lead ship of her class of minesweepers of the United States Navy during World War II.

The ship was laid down on 18 June 1928 as the fishing trawler M/V Holy Cross by the Bath Iron Works, Bath, Maine, for F. J. O'Hara and Sons, Inc., Boston, Massachusetts. Launched on 24 November 1928, and delivered on 27 November 1928. Renamed Kite on 14 August 1940, and acquired by the U.S. Navy on 11 September 1940. Conversion to a minesweeper began on 12 September 1940 by the Bethlehem Steel Co., East Boston, Massachusetts, commissioned as USS Kite (AM-75) on 3 March 1941, conversion completed in April 1941.

Service history
Kite cleared Boston, Massachusetts, 27 March 1941; and, after training exercises with the mine warfare school Yorktown, Virginia, she operated with the Support Force out of Norfolk, Virginia. Five months later she sailed for Newfoundland arriving at Argentia on 31 August for minesweeping operations in the North Atlantic. From August 1941 to 3 May 1944, Kite swept sea lanes in frigid Newfoundland waters.

Clearing Argentia, Kite arrived Boston, Massachusetts, on 7 May and was decommissioned on 14 August 1944 at Quincy, Massachusetts, and struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 22 August 1944. Transferred to the War Shipping Administration on 2 March 1945 and sold. Fate unknown.

References

External links 
 

Ships built in Bath, Maine
1928 ships
Kite-class minesweepers
World War II minesweepers of the United States
Beneš-Mráz Beta-Scolar. The Beneš-Mráz Be.252 Beta-Scolar was an aerobatic aircraft manufactured in Czechoslovakia shortly before World War II.  Based on the Beneš-Mráz Beta-Minor, it had a structure considerably strengthened for aerobatics and a more powerful radial engine in place of the Beta-Minor's inline engine.

Variants
 Be.252C Beta-Scolar

Specifications

See also

Notes

References

 
 
 Němeček, V. (1968). Československá letadla. Praha: Naše Vojsko.

1930s Czechoslovak sport aircraft
Beneš-Mráz aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1937
Aerobatic aircraft
Daniel Fraser (engineer). Daniel Fraser (5 November 1787 in Roxburgh – 30 December 1849 in Motala) was a Scottish engineer who built a successful career in Sweden.

In 1822, he founded the first engineering industry in Sweden, Motala Verkstad, to manufacture the lock gates for the new Göta Canal, which had been designed by fellow Scottish engineer Thomas Telford. Fraser was the first head of the company (1822–1843). Thereafter he retired and lived at Charlottenborg Castle, where he also died. He is buried at Motala Church.

He was married to Agnes Storey.

References

1787 births
1849 deaths
19th-century Scottish people
People from the Scottish Borders
Scottish company founders
Scottish businesspeople
Scottish emigrants to Sweden
Scottish mechanical engineers
Swedish engineers
19th-century Scottish businesspeople
Stewart–Tolman effect. The Stewart–Tolman effect is a phenomenon in electrodynamics caused by the finite mass of electrons in conducting metal, or, more generally, the finite mass of charge carriers in an electrical conductor.

It is named after T. Dale Stewart and Richard C. Tolman, two American physicists who carried out their experimental work in the 1910s.  This eponym appears to be first used by Lev Landau. 
 
In a conducting body undergoing accelerating motion, inertia causes the electrons in the body to "lag" behind the overall motion.  In the case of linear acceleration, negative charge accumulates at the end of the body; while for rotation the negative charge accumulates at the outer rim.  The accumulation of charges can be measured by a galvanometer.

This effect is proportional to the mass of the charge carriers.  It is much more significant in electrolyte conductors than metals, because ions in the former are 103-104 times more massive than electrons in the latter.

Notes

External links
 R.C. Tolman, T.D. Stewart: The electromotive force produced by the acceleration of metals. The original article of Physical Review from 1916.

Electrodynamics
Thomas Dale Stewart. Thomas Dale Stewart (August 14, 1890 – February 6, 1958) was an American chemist.

He was born at Sumner, Washington, and received his Ph.D. degree in chemistry from University of California at Berkeley in 1916.  After one year of research at University of Chicago under Julius Stieglitz, he returned to Berkeley as an instructor in the chemistry department, and became a professor there in 1935.

His early research was about the mechanism of electron conduction in metals.  The collaborative work with Richard C. Tolman led to the discovery of Stewart–Tolman effect.  Later he worked on acid-base equilibria of organic nitrogen compounds, as well as reaction kinetics.

References
Thomas Dale Stewart, University of California: In Memoriam, 1959, accessed 06-21-2007.

20th-century American physicists
1890 births
1958 deaths
People from Sumner, Washington
University of California, Berkeley alumni
UC Berkeley College of Chemistry faculty
System on module. A system on a module (SoM) is a board-level circuit that integrates a system function in a single module. It may integrate digital and analog functions on a single board.  A typical application is in the area of embedded systems. Unlike a single-board computer, a SoM serves a special function like a system on a chip (SoC). The devices integrated in the SoM typically requires a high level of interconnection for reasons such as speed, timing, bus width, etc. There are benefits in building a SoM, as for SoC; one notable result is to reduce the cost of the base board or the main PCB.  Two other major advantages of SoMs are design-reuse and that they can be integrated into many embedded computer applications.

History 

The acronym SoM has its roots in the blade-based modules. In the mid 1980s, when VMEbus blades used M-Modules, these were commonly referred to as system On a module (SoM). These SoMs performed specific functions such as compute functions and data acquisition functions. SoMs were used extensively by Sun Microsystems, Motorola, Xerox, DEC, and IBM in their blade computers.

Design 

A typical SoM consists of:

 at least one microcontroller, microprocessor or digital signal processor (DSP) core
multiprocessor systems-on-chip (MPSoCs) have more than one processor core
 memory blocks including a selection of ROM, RAM, EEPROM and/or flash memory
 timing sources 
 industry standard communication interfaces such as USB, FireWire, Ethernet, USART, SPI, I²C
 peripherals including counter-timers, real-time timers and power-on reset generators
 analog interfaces including analog-to-digital converters and digital-to-analog converters
 voltage regulators and power management circuits

See also

References 

 ANSI/IEEE Std 1014-1987 and ANSI/VITA 1-1994
  1386-2001 - IEEE Standard for a Common Mezzanine Card Family: CMC
 Standard ANSI/VITA 46.0-2007
 VITA Technologies Hall of Fame - PCI Mezzanine Cards

Microcomputers
Embedded systems
Computer buses
IEEE standards
Benoist Aircraft. The Benoist Aircraft Company was an early manufacturer of aircraft in the United States. It was formed in 1912 in St Louis, Missouri, by Thomas W. Benoist. Over the next five years, it would build 106 aircraft, including Benoist XIVs that would be used for the first heavier-than-air airline service. The company dissolved with Tom Benoist's accidental death in 1917.

History
In 1908 Benoist founded the Aeronautic Supply Co, the first supplier of aircraft parts. On 20 October 1911, the company's factory, along with all of its records, was destroyed by fire.

In 1913, Benoist moved production into the St. Louis Car Company factory run by E. B. Meissner. After Benoist's death, Meissner continued to build aircraft on contract to the government as the St. Louis Aircraft Corporation

Promoter Bill Pickens and Benoist's earlier business partner, publisher , sponsored the 1913 "Great Lakes Reliability Tour" to promote the new seaplanes with Benoist aircraft as the featured manufacturer. Benoist originally was going to compete with three aircraft. "The Ark of Duluth" was to be flown by Hugh Robinson, but wrecked prior to the race. Tony Jannus flew a Benoist XIV that suffered a broken propeller, and sunk while being towed to shore.

Benoist built the type XV twin-engine flying boat with hopes to market it as an anti-submarine patrol aircraft for the British government. A round-the-world publicity tour was scheduled and a merger with the Meissner's company to make a thousand examples were in the works when World War I tensions cancelled the efforts. In 1917 Benoist Aircraft moved operations to Sandusky, Ohio.

Aircraft

References

Notes

Bibliography 

 
 aerofiles.com

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the United States
Defunct manufacturing companies based in Missouri
VME. VME may refer to:

Computing
 ICL VME, (Virtual Machine Environment) a mainframe computer operating system developed by International Computers Limited
 VMEbus, the ANSI/IEEE computer hardware bus standard
 Virtual machine escape is the process of breaking out of a virtual machine and interacting with the host operating system
 Virtual Mode Extensions, an undocumented extension of the Intel Pentium in v86 mode, "Virtual 8086 Mode Enhancements" in later Intel processors
 vme, a flag in a modern x86 CPU indicating support of Virtual 8086 mode
 VME (CONFIG.SYS directive), a configuration directive under OS/2

Other uses
 V-me, a Spanish-language TV network in the United States
 Voices Music & Entertainment, a Norwegian record label