omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Centrifugal evaporator. A centrifugal evaporator is a device used in chemical and biochemical laboratories for the efficient and gentle evaporation of solvents from many samples at the same time, and samples contained in microtitre plates. If only one sample required evaporation then a rotary evaporator is most often used. The most advanced modern centrifugal evaporators not only concentrate many samples at the same time, they eliminate solvent bumping and can handle solvents with boiling points of up to 220 °C. This is more than adequate for the modern high throughput laboratory.

History
The centrifugal evaporator dates from the second half of the 1800s. Patent US158764 was granted in 1875 to Conrad Wendel and William Florich for an improvement in centrifugal evaporators.

Design
A centrifugal evaporator often comprises a vacuum pump connected to a centrifuge chamber in which the samples are placed. Many systems also have a cold trap or solvent condenser placed in line between the vacuum pump and the centrifuge chamber to collect the evaporated solvents. The most efficient systems also have a cold trap on the pump exhaust. There are many further developments available from manufacturers to speed up the process, and to provide protection for delicate samples.

Mechanism
The system works by lowering the pressure in the centrifuge system - as the pressure drops so does the boiling point of the solvent(s) in the system. When the pressure is sufficiently low that the boiling points of the solvents are below the temperature of the sample holder, then they will boil. This enables solvent to be rapidly removed while the samples themselves are not heated to damaging temperatures.  High performance systems can remove very high boiling solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) while keeping sample temperatures below 40 °C at all times.

The centrifugal force generated by spinning the centrifuge rotor creates a pressure gradient within the solvent contained in the tubes or vials, this means that the samples boil from the top down, helping to prevent "bumping". The most advanced systems apply the vacuum slowly and run the rotor at speeds of 500 x gravity - this system is proven to prevent bumping and was patented by Genevac in the late 1990s.

References

External links
Decanter Centrifuge

evaporator
Evaporators
Laboratory equipment
APS Polytechnic. APS Polytechnic is located at Somanahalli, Bangalore, India. It celebrates golden jubilee in 2008.  The polytechnic was founded by Sri Ananthachar. It is situated in Somanahalli Gate popularly that stop is known as KEB and also APS Engineering Campus is also located beside a kilometer from Polytechnic Campus.

References
Government of Karnataka, Department of Technical Education
APS College of Engineering - APS Educational Trust

Universities and colleges in Bengaluru
1958 establishments in Mysore State
Universities and colleges established in 1958
Technical universities and colleges in Karnataka
Ppc64. ppc64 is an identifier commonly used within the GNU/Linux, GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) and LLVM free software communities to refer to the target architecture for applications optimized for 64-bit big-endian PowerPC and Power ISA processors.

ppc64le is a pure little-endian mode that has been introduced with the POWER8 as the prime target for technologies provided by the OpenPOWER Foundation, aiming at enabling porting of the x86 Linux-based software with minimal effort.

Details
These two identifiers are frequently used when compiling source code to identify the target architecture.

64-bit Power and PowerPC processors are the following:
 PowerPC 620
 RS64 – Apache, RS64-II Northstar, RS64-III Pulsar/IStar, and RS64-IV SStar
 POWER3 and POWER3-II
 POWER4 and POWER4+
 PowerPC 970, 970FX, 970MP and 970GX
 POWER5 and POWER5+
 PPE in Cell BE, PowerXCell 8i and Xenon.
 PWRficient
 POWER6 and POWER6+
 POWER7 and POWER7+
 A2, A2I (used in the Blue Gene/Q) and A2O
 PowerPC e5500 core based
 PowerPC e6500 core based
 POWER8 – P8-6c Murano, P8-12c Turismo and Venice, P8E (with NVLink) and CP1
 POWER9 – P9C Cumulus, P9N Nimbus and P9 AIO Axone
 Power10
 Microwatt, open source soft core
 Chiselwatt, open source soft core

Defunct 64-bit PowerPC processors are the Motorola G5 and PowerPC e700.

References

External links 
 
 Linux Standard Base Specification for the PPC64 Architecture 2.1, 2003

Computer-related introductions in 1997
64-bit computers
PowerPC microprocessors
Instruction set architectures
Power microprocessors
IBM microprocessors
Chemical Sound. Chemical Sound recording studio was located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Established in 1992, at 81 Portland Street by Murray B Mitchell artist, producer and producer engineer, Daryl Smith (often assisted by Ian Blurton), as a "no-frills" operation, focusing on a large selection of vintage (circa 1960 and 1970s) recording equipment, API mixing consoles, and professional resources necessary for a best outcome. The tube mics, live room, sound formant, and burlap baffled walls were some of the expertise. Clients at that time included Nelly Furtado, Joan Osborne, Noel Ellis, Daniel Lanois, Peter Moore, Our Lady Of Peace, Rusty, Sucker Punch, Big Sugar, Boot Sauce, Bare Naked Ladies, Starvin Hungry, Big Wreck and more. The phone number "416-971-9635" was in both the White pages and Yellow pages directories for the stated 92-96 period, Mitchell and Chemical Sound, hard copy.

The studio's original location was razed, making way for a real estate development and condominium project. The studio subsequently relocated to Riverdale, Toronto, eventually acquired by Dean Marino and Jay Sadlowski. In February 2012, Chemical Sound announced it was closing its operation but would honor bookings already scheduled.

Selected discography
The following releases were recorded at Chemical Sound:

 Born Ruffians, Red, Yellow & Blue (2008) 
 Constantines, Shine a Light (2003)
 Death from Above 1979, You're a Woman, I'm a Machine (2004) 
 Elevator Through, Vague Premonition (1999) 
 Godspeed You! Black Emperor, Lift Your Skinny Fists Like Antennas to Heaven (2000) 
 Raising the Fawn, Sleight of Hand (2007)
 Sarah Slean, Night Bugs (2002)
 Sloan, Between the Bridges (1999)
 Sloan, Navy Blues (1998)
 Tokyo Police Club, Elephant Shell (2008)
 Mystery, The World is a Game (2012) (Drum tracks)
 4 Star Movie, 4 Star Movie (Recorded in 1997/Released in 1998) 
 Perm, Customized Gold (1995)
 The Flashing Lights, Where The Change Is (1999)

References

External links
 The official Chemical Sound website

Recording studios in Canada
Companies based in Toronto
Mass media companies established in 1992
Music of Toronto
Former recording studios
Owen Truelove. Owen James Truelove (24 October 1937 – 14 November 2006) was the first man to fly from the United Kingdom to New Zealand with a motor glider. He died in a gliding accident in New Zealand in November 2006.

Truelove had served in the RAF (reaching the Rank of Air Commodore), as an Aeronautical and Weapons Engineer, on the Vulcan and Hunter. His service took him to Aden, United States and Cyprus as well as London and Lincolnshire. He retired from the RAF as Director of Aircraft Engineering in 1989 after 33 years service. Following his retirement from the RAF he worked as a consultant in the Defence and Logistics Industry.

External links
 Glider crash kills father and son. BBC News. 16 November 2016
 Record glider flight
 Severe down draft causes glider to crash
 Obituary, The Daily Telegraph, 20 November 2006

1937 births
2006 deaths
2006 in New Zealand
Accidental deaths in New Zealand
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in New Zealand
Royal Air Force officers
People educated at Dulwich College

Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 2006
MSCML. The Media Server Control Markup Language (MSCML) is a protocol used in conjunction with the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) to enable the delivery of advanced multimedia conferencing services over IP networks. The MSCML specification has been published by the IETF under RFC 4722, now obsoleted by the newer RFC 5022.  MSCML was pioneered by the media server company Snowshore, now part of the Dialogic Corporation. MSCML built on ideas from the Netann protocol, and in turn inspired the MSML.  An IETF working group called MediaCTRL (media control) have now embarked on a standardization of media server scripting languages, drawing on these earlier efforts.  Voice scripting protocols like VoiceXML and CCXML are also inspiring sources, and in some cases need to be integrated with what media servers will need to operate in the real world.

MSCML enables enhanced conference control functions such as muting individual callers or legs in a multi-party conference call. Other control functionality enabled by MSCML includes the ability to increase or decrease the volume on a leg or on the call and the capability to create sub-conferences. MSCML also addresses other feature requirements for large-scale conferencing applications, such as sizing and resizing of a conference.
 
SIP and MSCML are used to develop and deploy services within the IP applications and services architecture. This network topology consists of application servers and media servers which work together in a client-server relationship, with application servers (clients) providing the service logic for each specific application and the media server (server) acting as a shared media processing resource for the applications. The media server operates as an independent entity, managing and allocating its processing resources to match the requirements of each application. Its primary role is to handle requests from the application server for performing media processing on packetized media streams.

References

Markup languages
Titan (game engine). Titan is a game engine developed by Stainless Steel Studios used in the real-time strategy genre. It was mainly used as a PC game engine in the early 2000s. The engine was used in Stainless Steel Studio's early games, such as Empire Earth and Empires: Dawn of the Modern World.

Titan 2.0
Titan 2.0, an update of the original Titan Engine, was to be a comprehensive real-time strategy engine, and was sold before Stainless Steel Studios was dissolved in 2005.

Description
SSSI described their engine on their website (before it shut down) at the day  of its release. They said it would handle all objects in the gaming world, has an integrated scenario editor, a powerful multiplayer mode and communicator, built-in artificial intelligence and 3D graphics. The engine was announced in May 2004, and was designed by SSSI, whose head designer is Rick Goodman, the designer of Empire Earth and Age of Empires. SSSI's last game made using this engine was Rise and Fall: Civilizations at War. Since SSSI has closed, its website, the original Titan website, and any information about Titan 2.0 has for the most part disappeared. Little more is known about the original game processor, other than that it was used in some of the Empire series, such as Empire Earth.

Price and purchasing
After its press release, the engine was promptly purchased by Tilted Mill Entertainment, a small production company in Massachusetts. The engine was also available for purchase to anyone for US$250,000 at its release.

Games Using Titan 2.0
Immortal Cities: Children of the Nile (November 2004) Tilted Mill Entertainment.
Rise and Fall: Civilizations at War (June 2006) Midway.
Caesar IV (September 2006) Tilted Mill Entertainment.

References

See also
Stainless Steel Studios – Original developers of the Titan engine
Rick Goodman – The lead designer of SSSI.
Tilted Mill Entertainment – The company that purchased Titan 2.0.

2001 software
 
Video game engines
Keren Tendler. Keren Tendler (; September 26, 1979 - August 12, 2006) was Israel's first female helicopter flight mechanic soon after a court allowed women to serve in combat positions.

She was the first female Israeli soldier to die on active duty since the killing of Keren Ya’akobi in Hebron in December 2002. Tendler was killed during the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict, along with four other crew members, when their helicopter, a CH-53 Sea Stallion Yas'ur, was shot down upon lifting off in Lebanon. A fund was established in her name to help other young women become flight mechanics.

References

External links

1979 births
2006 deaths
2006 Lebanon War
Israeli Air Force personnel
Women in 21st-century warfare
Israeli female military personnel
Israeli people of Romanian-Jewish descent
People from Rehovot
Israeli military personnel killed in action
Victims of helicopter accidents or incidents
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Lebanon
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 2006
Earthquake valve. An earthquake valve (or seismic valve) is an automatic method to shut off the low pressure regulated gas supply to a structure during a major earthquake and/or if a pipe is broken.  These are applicable both to utility-supplied natural gas and to gas from liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). These small devices are installed on the property gas meter (usually between the utility company's metered installation and the structure piping) and are designed to instantly stop the natural gas supply in order to protect the structure if a gas leak or line break occurs during an earthquake.

Fires or explosions due to gas line breaks can be more damaging than the actual earthquake itself. Gas supply companies recommend that the gas supply be cut off immediately if there is a smell of gas after an earthquake; if nobody is in place to do this, an unattended earthquake valve will instantly cut off the gas.

Types of valve
Two types of valve are commonly employed: one is sensitive to motion and the other to excessive gas flow. One of each type can be connected sequentially for maximum reliability.

Motion sensing caged ball
A metal ball is retained away from an orifice by sitting upon a ring. Any shaking of the mechanism will cause the ball to roll off its ledge and fall down to block the orifice. It is reset using either an external magnetic device or an internal lift mechanism. If it is too sensitive, it may be triggered by normal vibrations such as passing vehicles. After a severe seismic event, gas piping may be damaged, requiring complete re-inspection for breaks or leaks. Seismic valves are available with pressure classes (7 psig and 60 psig max). An upstream pressure regulator can reduce the gas pressure below 60 psig before the seismic shut-off valves.

Excessive flow sensor
A valve is closed when the flow exceeds a certain limit that is appropriate to the application. This will only operate when a pipe is broken and there is significant leakage. It may not operate in case of a small, though still dangerous, leak.

See also
Compressed natural gas
Pressure regulator
Safety valve

References

Natural gas technology
Safety valves
DPPX. DPPX can relate to
 IBM DPPX, an operating system introduced by IBM, pre-installed on the IBM 8100 and later ported to the IBM ES/9370
 dipeptidyl-peptidase-like protein-6 (DPP6), a protein that is abbreviated either as DPPX or DPP6 (an alternative identifier is VF2)
dots per pixel (dppx), a unit for measuring pixel density on the web
Professional traffic operations engineer. A Professional Traffic Operations Engineer (PTOE) is a certification sponsored by the Transportation Professional Certification Board, and promulgated by the Institute of Transportation Engineers.  The certification process, which has been adopted for professional traffic operations engineers, requires that the holder be a licensed professional engineer if he or she practices in the United States, Canada or any other country that provides governmental licensing of engineers. This certification process builds on and supports the practice of professional engineering registration. The PTOE is the highest leveling licensing available in the field of Traffic Engineering. As of November 29, 2022, there are 3,767 licensed PTOEs worldwide, 3,562 of whom are located in the United States.

Requirements 
A Professional Traffic Operations Engineer (PTOE) must meet all of the following requirements:
 Have four years of Professional Traffic Operations Engineering experience;
 Hold a valid license issued by a state, province, or other governmental body to engage in the practice of civil, mechanical, electrical, or general engineering if he or she resides in a jurisdiction that issues such licenses.  
 Take and attain a passing score on the Professional Traffic Operations Engineer® exam; and 
 Have paid the application/examination fee and the three-year certification fee

Exam topics
The 150-question certification examination currently includes the following topics:

See also 
 Traffic engineering (transportation)
 Regulation and licensure in engineering
 Professional transportation planner

References 

Professional certification in engineering
Traffic operations practitioner specialist. A Traffic Operations Practitioner Specialist (TOPS) is a certification sponsored by the Transportation Professional Certification Board, Inc., and promulgated by the Institute of Transportation Engineers.  Prior to taking the required exam, an individual must have at least five years of related working experience, though academic experience may be substituted for this requirement.  Additionally, as the certification is not intended for professionals, licensed professional engineers are not permitted to be a certified TOPS.

Exam
There is a 100-question certification examination.

See also 
Traffic Engineering
Professional Traffic Operations Engineer
Traffic Signal Operations Specialist
Professional Transportation Planner

References 

Professional titles and certifications
Traffic signal operations specialist. A traffic signal operations specialist (TSOS) is a certification sponsored by the Transportation Professional Certification Board, Inc., and promulgated by the Institute of Transportation Engineers.  Before taking the prerequisite examination, an individual must have at least five years of related working experience, though relevant education or training may be applied toward this requirement.  TSOS certification does not substitute for appropriate professional licenses when required for specific responsibilities or jurisdictions.

The 100-question certification examination currently includes the following topics:

Principles of signals and signal systems
Signal control and functionality
Types of signals 
Supporting hardware devices and subsystems
Signal coordination and progression 
System types 
Special user needs 
Design standards 
Traffic flow theory
Elements of signal design and implementation
Signal phasing and geometrics
Preemption and priority
Pavement markings and signing
Detectors 
Signal head, cabinet and pole placement
Temporary traffic control and equipment switch-over
Initial turn-on and timing adjustments
Signal Timing
Clearance intervals
Isolated signal timing
Coordinated signal timing
Data collection procedures
Performance measures
Software and analysis
Field implementation
Systems control 
Documentation
Signal operations and safety reviews
Safety audit
Scheduled field reviews 
Receipt of and response to public inquiries
Responsive field Reviews 
Reevaluation of phasing and timing
Signal removal or modification
Asset management and documentation

See also 

Traffic engineering
Traffic signal
Professional traffic operations engineer
Traffic operations practitioner specialist
Professional transportation planner

References 

Professional titles and certifications
Traffic signals
Mark Serrurier. Mark Serrurier (12 May 1904 in Pasadena, California – 14 February 1988) is the son of Dutch-born electrical engineer, Iwan Serrurier, who created the Moviola in 1924 which became the technology used for film editing. Mark was a graduate of Caltech and went on to work on designs for the Palomar Observatory 200 inch (5 m) Hale Telescope. The pioneering truss design he invented for that instrument's massive tube structure (the "Serrurier truss") is still used today in large telescope designs. During World War II, Mark worked at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory testing jet aircraft engines. In 1942, Rolf Sabersky worked in mechanical design on the Southern California Cooperative Wind Tunnel under Serrurier and Hap Richards.
After the war in 1946 Mark took over as president of Moviola Co., his father Iwan’s company. Mark re-designed his father's invention with many improvements and ran the company until he sold it in 1966. In 1979, Mark accepted a special Academy Award for Technical Achievement" For the progressive development of the Moviola from the 1924 invention of his father, Iwan Serrurier, to the present Series 20 sophisticated film editing equipment". He only accepted after insisting that his late father's name would also appear on the statue. The Oscar sat on Mark's kitchen table until his death from Alzheimer's disease on Valentine's Day 1988.

Mark Serrurier has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions in Motion Pictures.

References

"INDUSTRY MOURNS ENTREPRENEUR MARK SERRURIER"
 Mark SERRURIER / Guillaume BLANCHARD • l'Astronomie (1980–2006) Vol. 116 (Janvier 2002) page 20-23

1904 births
1988 deaths
Academy Award for Technical Achievement winners
California Institute of Technology alumni
American mechanical engineers
Structural engineers
20th-century American engineers
20th-century American inventors
Recipients of the Scientific and Technical Academy Award of Merit
Jumping jack (toy). The jumping jack is a jointed, flat wooden figure, a cross between a puppet and a paper doll that is considered a mechanical toy. The figure's joints are connected to a pull string that causes the arms and legs to move up and down when the string is pulled and released. Jumping jacks were popular in many contemporary countries including England, France, and Germany, but similar mechanical toys date back to the Ancient Egyptians.

History 
Although the jumping jack is popularly thought of as a European toy, such mechanical toys have a long history that dates back to  Ancient Egyptian toy figures with movable limbs. Among the earliest-known examples are ivory dancing figures, made to spin by pulling their strings that were among artifacts found at the archaeological site, El-Lisht.

Pantin 
In France jumping jacks were especially popular and generally known as “pantins”. In the mid-1700s, “pantins” were popular among the French nobility, and versions were sold that satirized famous figures of the time. Edmond Barbier wrote in 1747 that "one cannot go into any house without finding a pantin hanging by the mantelpiece".

Hampelmann 
In 1832, Hampelmann was a character created by Carl Malß as a figure for the burlesque at Frankfurt. Later, jumping jacks became known as Hampelmann in German-speaking countries. The mechanical toys were manufactured in the Ore Mountains in Germany.

In her first year as a student at the famous Bauhaus design school in Dessau, Germany, Margaretha Reichardt, who would become a textile designer, undertook a preliminary course run by Josef Albers and László Moholy-Nagy in 1926. As part of the course she designed a modern version of the Hampelmann that was set in a wooden frame and featured articulated limbs that move when a string is pulled. Later, her design was produced commercially by Naef, a Swiss toy company.

Quockerwodger 
Oxford Reference cites the word "quockerwodger" as "a wooden puppet which can be made to 'dance' by pulling its strings".  By analogy, quockerwodger came to be used as a negative appellation for a politician whose "strings" are pulled entirely by their own "puppetmaster".

External links 
 Ancient Egyptian games: Children's games, toys, board games
 History of Paper Dolls

References 

Traditional toys
Wooden toys