omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Jeroen van der Veer. Jeroen van der Veer (born 27 October 1947) is a Dutch businessman.  He was the chairman of Philips, and previously a chief executive officer (CEO) of Royal Dutch Shell.<ref>Bio at Shell public website March 4, 2009. at archive.org. Accessed 18-12-2020.</ref>

Education 
Jeroen van der Veer graduated in 1971 from the Delft University of Technology with an engineer's degree in mechanical engineering under Jan in 't Veld, where he had been teaching assistant with prof Pierre Malotaux. He went on to earn a master's degree in economics from Erasmus University Rotterdam. In 2005, he was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Port Harcourt in Nigeria.

Career
Jeroen van der Veer joined Shell in 1971 and worked in manufacturing and marketing in the Netherlands, Curaçao and the United Kingdom.

In 2004, he succeeded to Phil Watts as the CEO of Royal Dutch Shell Group.

In March 2007 it was announced that Mr. van der Veer's contract as CEO would be extended to June 2009 some twenty months beyond his normal retirement date of October 2007. He was the first executive director of Shell to stay in office beyond the age of 60. He retired as chief executive of Royal Dutch Shell June 2009, and remains on the board of directors. He also is a non-executive director of Unilever and chairman of Platform Bèta Techniek'' (which organized the 2010 Science & Technology Summit in The Hague, which had Neil Armstrong and Steve Wozniak as keynote speakers, an event which Van der Veer headlined).

In 2009, van der Veer was appointed a member of the supervisory board of Philips. In May 2021, Van der Veer was succeeded by Feike Sijbesma as chairman of the supervisory board of Philips.

In October 2015, van der Veer was appointed honorary global chairman of London Speaker Bureau, with whom he is also a speaker. In May 2019, van der Veer was appointed as a member in the board of directors of Prorsum, a Swiss sustainable investment advisor.

Personal life
Jeroen van der Veer is married to Mariette and has three daughters.

Honours
A Royal honour was conferred upon van der Veer to mark his retirement in 2009. He has been appointed by the Queen of the Netherlands as a Commander in the Order of Orange-Nassau. In 2010 Jeroen van der Veer was presented with Singapore's Honorary Citizen Award by President S.R. Nathan at a ceremony held in Singapore on 25 February 2010. The Honorary Citizen Award is the highest form of recognition for outstanding contributions to the country's growth and development.

References

External links 

 World Energy Magazine - The Future Is Gas? Article at worldenergysource.com
 World Energy Magazine - Delivering Technology: The Key Role of International Energy Companies Article at worldenergysource.com

1947 births
Living people
Businesspeople from Utrecht (city)
Delft University of Technology alumni
Erasmus University Rotterdam alumni
Dutch chief executives in the oil industry
Chairmen of Philips
Unilever people
Shell plc people
University of Port Harcourt people
Chief Executive Officers of Shell plc
Equinor people
Mops. Mops or MOPS may refer to:

 MOPS, a buffer in protein chemistry
 Mops (bat), a genus of free-tailed bat
 The Mops, a Japanese rock group
 Mean of Platts Singapore, a measure of fuel oil pricing in Singapore
 Memory operations per second, a performance capacity of semiconductor memory
 MOPS International, a parenting organization
 Socialist Workers Party (Mandatory Palestine) ()
 Minimum operational performance standards; see Type certificate

See also
 MOP (disambiguation)
 Micro-operation (μops)
 
 Weighted million operations per second (WMOPS), see Instructions per second
Sakurai reaction. The Sakurai reaction (also known as the Hosomi–Sakurai reaction) is the chemical reaction of carbon electrophiles (such as a ketone shown here) with allyltrimethylsilane catalyzed by strong Lewis acids. The reaction achieves results similar to the addition of an allyl Grignard reagent to the carbonyl.

Strong Lewis acids such as titanium tetrachloride, boron trifluoride, tin tetrachloride, and AlCl(Et)2 are all effective in promoting the Hosomi reaction. The reaction involves electrophilic allyl shift via a beta-silyl carbocationic intermediate, the beta-silicon effect.

Mechanism

Allylation of a carbonyl ketone (compound containing a ketone group and two different functional groups) has been shown. In the given reaction, the electrophilic compound (carbon with a ketone group) is treated with titanium tetrachloride, a strong Lewis acid and allyltrimethylsilane. According to the general principle, the Lewis acid first activates the electrophilic carbon in presence of allyltrimethylsilane which then undergoes nucleophilic attack from electrons on the allylic silane. The silicon plays the key role in stabilizing the carbocation of carbon at the β-position. Hosomi-Sakurai reaction is also applicable for other functional groups such as enones, where conjugate addition is usually seen. In figure 2, the Hosomi- Sakurai reaction has been shown using a cinnamoyl ketone. This reaction follows the same mechanism as the previous reaction shown here.

As displayed in the scheme, the Hosomi–Sakurai reaction is proposed to give a secondary carbocation intermediate. Secondary carbocations are high in energy, however it is stabilized by the silicon substituent ("β-silicon effect", a form of silicon-hyperconjugation).

Literature of historic interest

(

References

External links
 Hosomi-Sakurai reaction @ www.organic-chemistry.org
 Akira Hosomi homepage

Nucleophilic addition reactions
Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions
Name reactions
Remote communications outlet. Remote communications outlets (RCO) are remote aviation band radio transceivers, established to extend the communication capabilities of Flight Information Centres (FIC) and flight service stations (FSS).

Pilots can find RCO frequencies in charts or publications such as the Chart Supplement or Canada Flight Supplement. The RCO is used to make a radio call to the outlet as if the pilot were making the call directly to the FSS or FIC.  The outlet will relay the call (and the briefer's response) automatically. RCOs are sometimes confused with RTRs, or remote transmitter/receivers. In fact, the difference between the two is subtle. While RCOs serve flight service stations, RTRs serve terminal air traffic control facilities.
 
RCOs and RTRs may be UHF or VHF and are divided into a variety of classes determined by the number of transmitters or receivers. Classes A through G are used mainly for air/ground communications. Class O facilities were created specifically to provide ground-to-ground communication between air traffic controllers and pilots located at satellite airports. The idea was to create a way for pilots to receive en-route clearances or departure authorizations and cancel IFR flight plans. Class O RTRs also were intended to allow pilots flying below the coverage of the primary air/ground frequency to continue to receive advisories from air traffic control. Class O facilities are non-protected outlets and are subject to prolonged outages which may go undetected and unreported.

There is also a special variant of RCO which in Canada is called a Dial-up Remote Communications Outlet (DRCO) and in the U.S. is called a Ground communication outlet (GCO).  DRCOs and GCOs connect to an FIC or FSS over a phone line, and pilots initiate the connection by keying their microphones in a prescribed pattern.

Decommissioning of some RCOs in the United States

In 2017, the FAA announced a final policy determination which would remove 641 of the roughly 2,100 RCOs in the conterminous United States, Hawaii and Puerto Rico. However, as of that announcement, over 95% of the outposts which use 122.2MHz, the standard FSS frequency, will be retained.

See also
Ground communication outlet

References

Aviation in Canada
Aviation in the United States
Air navigation
Deterministic automaton. In computer science, a deterministic automaton is a concept of automata theory where the outcome of a transition from one state to another is determined by the input.

A common deterministic automaton is a deterministic finite automaton (DFA) which is a finite state machine, where for each pair of state and input symbol there is one and only one transition to a next state. DFAs recognize the set of regular languages and no other languages.

A standard way to build a deterministic finite automaton from a nondeterministic finite automaton is the powerset construction.

References

Automata (computation)
GWR 4900 Class 4953 Pitchford Hall. 4953 Pitchford Hall is a 4-6-0  Hall class steam locomotive built by the Great Western Railway (GWR), currently preserved at the Epping Ongar Railway.

Operation
Built at Swindon Works in August 1929 for a cost of £4375, the locomotive worked from a wide variety of sheds all over the GWR network, until withdrawal by British Railways in May 1963. It covered 1,344,464 miles over that period. Acquired by Woodham Brothers scrapyard in Barry, Vale of Glamorgan, South Wales in October 1963, it was purchased by Dr John Kennedy in 1984.

Preservation
Moved to Tyseley Locomotive Works, it was restored to full mainline standard, and moved under its own power once again in February 2004. It made its first public appearance in 42 years at the Crewe Great Gathering in September 2005. It obtained its mainline certification in December 2005, after making the required light and loaded test runs from Birmingham to  and back.

In February 2007 the locomotive attended the Keighley and Worth Valley Railway's Winter Steam Gala, and on 19 May 2007 performed in tandem with 4965 Rood Ashton Hall on a trip to Bristol from their Tyseley base. The loco also took part in the 2007 season Harringworth Viaduct Shuttles, and a journey from Birmingham to  in conjunction with the Severn Valley Railway's Autumn Gala.

During 2009, she operated two Shakespeare Express services between  and . On 31 August 2009, 4953 operated a railtour to , via the Harringworth Viaduct. In October 2009 it ran as a light engine with 5029 Nunney Castle and support coach to the West Somerset Railway Gala, operating services between  and .

After the 2010 Tyseley Locomotive Works steam, the locomotive was moved to the Great Central Railway. It then visited the Llangollen Railway, double heading with GWR 3717 City of Truro, and operating at the West Somerset Railway before returning to .

In 2011, after working the GCR Winter Steam Gala, it visited the Mid Hants Railway, before returning to the GCR. It was sold in late 2011 by Dr John Kennedy to the Epping Ongar Railway, though it remained at the GCR until April 2012, when it was moved to the EOR in time for the line's opening in late May 2012. The loco remained in service there until summer 2013 when it was withdrawn for the routine 10-year overhaul which was completed in December 2019. The locomotive is currently wearing British Railways lined black livery.

References

4953
Railway locomotives introduced in 1929
4953
Locomotives saved from Woodham Brothers scrapyard
Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain
4-6-0 locomotives
Individual locomotives of Great Britain
AN/APG-77. The AN/APG-77 is a multifunction low probability of intercept radar installed on the F-22 Raptor fighter aircraft. The radar was designed and initially built by Westinghouse and Texas Instruments, and production continued with their respective successors Northrop Grumman and Raytheon after acquisition.

It is a solid-state, active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar. Composed of 1,956 transmit/receive modules (TRM), each about the size of a gum stick, it can perform a near-instantaneous beam steering (in the order of tens of nanoseconds).

The APG-77 was highly appreciated by pilots transitioning from F-15s upon the F-22's introduction in 2005, providing a massive boost in situational awareness. The APG-77 has an incredibly fast scan time across its 120 degree field of view and could detect aircraft from over 320 mi (515 km) away. The AN/APG-77 system itself exhibits a very low radar cross-section, supporting the F-22's stealthy design. The upgraded APG-77(V)1 may have an even greater range. Much of the technology developed for the APG-77 was used in the AN/APG-81 radar for the F-35 Lightning II, and in turn the technology from the APG-81 was applied to the upgraded APG-77(V)1.

The APG-77(V)1 was installed on F-22 Raptors from Lot 5 onwards. This provided improved air-to-air performance, full air-to-ground functionality (high-resolution synthetic aperture radar mapping, ground moving target indication and track (GMTI/GMTT), automatic cueing and recognition, combat identification, and many other advanced features).

References

External links
 AN/APG-77 radar technology explained
 f22fighter.com: AN/APG-77

See also

 Phased array
 Active electronically scanned array
List of radars
 List of military electronics of the United States

Aircraft radars
Military radars of the United States
Military electronics of the United States
Northrop Grumman radars
Radars of the United States Air Force
Synthetic aperture radar
Sudan Red 7B. Sudan Red 7B, also known as Solvent Red 19, Ceres Red 7B, Fat Red 7B, Hexatype carmine B, Lacquer red V3B, Oil violet, Organol bordeaux B, Sudanrot 7B, Typogen carmine, and C.I. 26050, is a red diazo dye. Chemically it is N-ethyl-1-[[p-(phenylazo)phenyl]azo]-2-naphthalenamine. It is soluble in oils and insoluble in water.

It is used in biology for staining, and in industry as one of the fuel dyes. It can be also present in red laser toners.

References

Azo dyes
Staining dyes
Sudan dyes
Fuel dyes
Solvent Red 26. Solvent Red 26, also known as Oil Red EGN or C.I. 26120, is a purplish red synthetic azo dye.  It is soluble in oils and insoluble in water.

Its main use is as a standard fuel dye in the US mandated by the US IRS to distinguish low-taxed or tax exempt heating oil from automotive diesel fuel, and by the EPA to mark fuels with higher sulfur content; it is however increasingly replaced with Solvent Red 164, a similar dye with longer alkyl chains, which is better soluble in hydrocarbons. The concentration required by IRS is a spectral equivalent of 3.9 pounds per 1000 barrels, or 11.13 mg/L, of Solvent Red 26 in solid form; the concentrations required by EPA are roughly 5 times lower.

See also 
 Solvent Red 27
 Solvent Red 164

References

Azo dyes
Solvent dyes
Fuel dyes
2-Naphthols
2-Tolyl compounds
Seguin & Co.. Seguin & Co. was a company based near Lyon, France. The company was involved in several business activities, the first of which was textiles but it was best known for having developed the first suspension bridges in Continental Europe and France's first commercial railway company, the Saint-Étienne–Lyon railway.

Philanthropy
The family, led by brothers Camille and Marc, gave its railway assets to the people of France, fearing that it could turn into a monopoly and not serve the greater public good.

Marc Seguin
The best known member of Seguin & Co. was French inventor Marc Seguin, father of the tubular steam-engine boiler and the suspension bridge system in continental Europe.

Louis Seguin
One notable offshoot of Seguin & Co. is Gnome et Rhône founded by Louis Seguin in 1900, a major French aircraft engine manufacturer.

References

Defunct companies of France
Railway companies of France
Mullard 5-10. The Mullard 5-10 was a circuit for a valve amplifier designed by the British valve company, Mullard in 1954 at the Mullard Applications Research Laboratory (ARL) in Mitcham Surrey UK, part of the New Road factory complex, to take advantage of their particular products. The circuit was first published in Practical Wireless magazine.

The amplifier featured five valves and an output of 10 watts - hence '5-10'. Of those valves, one was a full-wave rectifier (an EZ80 or EZ81), one was a pre-amplifier pentode EF86 and one a double-triode ECC83 as phase splitter. The power amplification was handled by a pair of EL84 working in push-pull configuration.

The frequency response of the circuit was from 40Hz to 20,000Hz with less than 0.2% THD. 

In 1959 Mullard published its famous booklet "Mullard Circuits for Audio Amplifiers" covering a range of amplifier and pre-amplifier circuits using valves developed within the Receiving Valve Development Department at the New Road factory.

The circuit design of the Mullard 5-10, together with the recommended Partridge output transformers, was famous for its unique sound reproduction and many variations of this amplifier (including Mullard's own 20-watt version, the Mullard 5-20 using the EL34) were in widespread use until the end of the valve era; similar designs are still manufactured as expensive equipment for valve audiophiles.

External links
 The original text from Practical Wireless magazine
 Book extract by FJ Camm describing the Mullard 5-10

Valve amplifiers
Vacuum tubes
Film sculptor. A film sculptor is employed within the art department of a feature film.

Their skills are and can be used to create any number of different things from giant rocks in a landscape or oversized stone blocks cladding the facade of a castle to statuary and ornate panelling, to more specialized pieces such as a vehicle hull for a fantasy film used in set construction.  The material often utilised for large-scale rocks or columns is polystyrene because it is light and can be carved easily using a hot wire.  Polystyrene can also be used to sculpt mid-sized items that are difficult to build in wood and too large for clay - an item such as a moulded chair can then be cast with plaster and reproduced in fibre-glass. Clay modelling is still preferable for any item needing detail and is always used for smaller and finer work.

Film sculptors
 Keith Short
 John Blakeley
 Sam Demke

References
https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1548800/?ref_=fn_al_nm_1

External links
wordpress.com, Production Team & Crew Glossary

Filmmaking occupations
Gate (hydraulic engineering). In hydraulic engineering, a gate is a rotating or sliding structure, supported by hinges or by a rotating horizontal or vertical axis, that can be located at an extreme of a large pipe or canal in order to control the flow of water or any fluid from one side to the other. It is usually placed at the mouth of irrigation channels to avoid water loss or at the end of drainage channels to elude water entrance.

Gate Valve 
When using a gate, one thing that is used in certain applications such as manufacturing, mining, and others is the gate valve. Fluids will run through the valve to help lubricate the moving parts of a machine, transmit power, close off openings to moving parts, and to assist evaporating the amount of heat coming through. These fluids will flow throughout the gate valve with little resistance to flow and there is additionally small drops in pressure. Within the gate valve, there is a gatelike disk that moves up and down perpendicular to the path of flow and seats against two seat faces to shut off flow.

The velocity of the fluid against a partly opened disk may cause vibration and chattering which will ultimately lead to damage to the seating surfaces. This is a common way that gate valves fail.

See also
Sluice
Valve

References

Hydraulic engineering
Septimus Norris. Septimus Norris (1818 – 1862) was an American mechanical engineer and steam locomotive designer.   He was the youngest of three brothers all active in the field — his eldest brother William Norris founded the Norris Locomotive Works of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and Richard Norris took over the firm in about 1841.  The other two brothers were primarily businessmen, while Septimus was an engineer.  He worked for the Norris firm under William's management, but did not continue under Richard's; railway historian John H. White, Jr. believes animosity existed between Septimus and Richard.  Septimus later worked for the Portland Company and the Schenectady Locomotive Works.

According to "The Original History of the Baldwin Locomotive Works, 1831-1923" by Paul T. Warner, as contained in "The Locomotives That Baldwin Built" by Fred Westing, the US patent for the 4-6-0 "ten wheeler" was issued to Norris in 1846, and Norris built then tested the first one in April 1847.

References
 

1818 births
1862 deaths
Locomotive builders and designers
Engineers from Philadelphia
Hexafluoropropylene. Hexafluoropropylene is the fluoroalkene with the formula CF3CF=CF2. It is the perfluorocarbon  counterpart to the hydrocarbon propylene. It is mainly used to produce copolymers with tetrafluoroethylene. Hexafluoropropylene is used as a chemical intermediate.

Preparation
Hexafluoropropylene can be produced by pyrolysis of tetrafluoroethylene: 
3CF2=CF2  →  2CF3CF=CF2
It can also be prepared from chlorodifluoromethane, or produced from various chlorofluorocarbons.

References

Perfluoroalkenes
Hexafluoroacetone. Hexafluoroacetone (HFA) is a chemical compound with the formula (CF3)2CO. It is structurally similar to acetone; however, its reactivity is markedly different. It is a colourless, hygroscopic, nonflammable, highly reactive gas characterized by a musty odour.  According to electron diffraction, HFA and acetone adopt very similar structures, the C-O distance being only longer in the fluorinated compound (124.6 vs 121.0 pm), possibly due to steric effects.

The term "hexafluoroacetone" can refer to the sesquihydrate (1.5 H2O), which is a hemihydrate of hexafluoropropane-2,2-diol , a geminal diol.  Hydrated HFA behaves differently from the anhydrous material.

Synthesis
The industrial route to HFA involves treatment of hexachloroacetone with HF (a Finkelstein reaction):
(CCl3)2CO + 6 HF → (CF3)2CO + 6 HCl

Laboratory methods
Hydrated HFA can be converted to HFA by treatment with hot sulfuric acid.

It has also be prepared from hexafluoropropylene oxide, which will rearrange to give HFA when heated in the presence of a Lewis acid such as AlCl3. The Lewis acid catalysed oxidation of hexafluoropropylene will also produce HFA, via a similar mechanism.

Although it is commercially available, HFA can be prepared on the laboratory-scale from hexafluoropropylene. In the first step KF catalyzes the reaction of the alkene with elemental sulfur to give the 1,3-dithietane dimer of hexafluorothioacetone. This species is then oxidized by potassium iodate to give HFA.

Uses
Hexafluoroacetone is used in the production of hexafluoroisopropanol:
(CF3)2CO + H2 → (CF3)2CHOH

It is also used as a precursor to hexafluoroisobutylene, a monomer used in polymer chemistry, and as a building block in the synthesis of midaflur, bisphenol AF, 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride, and alitame.

Reactivity

With water, hexafluoroacetone converts to the hydrate. The equilibrium constant (Keq) for the formation of this geminal diol is 106 M−1. The analogous equilibrium for acetone is an unfavorable 10−3 M−1. Hexafluoroacetone-hydrates are acidic.  In an analogous reaction, ammonia adds to hexafluoroacetone to give the hemiaminal (CF3)2C(OH)(NH2) which can be dehydrated with phosphoryl chloride to give the imine (CF3)2CNH.

Nucleophiles attack occurs at the carbonyl carbon of Hexafluoroacetone, as illustrated above. Thus, HFA readily forms lactones when treated with hydroxy- and amine-substituted carboxylic acids.  In such reactions, HFA serves both as electrophile and dehydrating agent:

See also
Bromoacetone
Chloroacetone
Fluoroacetone
Trifluoroacetone
Novec 1230
Hexafluorothioacetone

References

Trifluoromethyl compounds
Ketones
Perfluorinated compounds
Trifluoromethyl ketones