omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Gustav Lorentzen (scientist). Gustav Fredrik Lorentzen (13 January 1915 – 7 August 1995) was a Norwegian thermodynamic scientist. 

Gustav Lorentzen was a professor at Norwegian Institute of Technology, and Norwegian University of Science and Technology. In the late 1980s, Gustav Lorentzen rediscovered how CO2 could be used as a refrigerant in heating and cooling applications. He developed the modern thermodynamic transcritical cycle in 1988–1991.
In 1988 Lorentzen designed a concept for a new, but simple and efficient way of regulating CO2 systems. This idea became the turning point in the re-invention of CO2 cooling technology. Meanwhile, the Japanese corporation Denso had familiarized itself with Lorentzen's dissertation in 1993, and was evaluating the concept as a basis for a new air-condition application in cars. A series of communications between Lorentzen and Denso followed and the result of the collaboration between Lorentzen and Denso was a fundamental step in the innovation of EcoCute which was commercialized in 2000s.

See also 
 Transcritical cycle
 SINTEF

References

External links 
 7th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Working Fluids, May 28 to 31st 2006, Trondheim, Norway
 IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Working Fluids
 IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Working Fluids

1915 births
1995 deaths
20th-century Norwegian scientists
Modular Man. The Modular Man (Stephen Weems) is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He first appeared in Rampaging Hulk #2 (April 1977) and was created by John Warner and Val Mayerik.

Fictional character biography
Stephen Weems was a physicist employed by the Brand Corporation (a subsidiary of Roxxon Energy Corporation) to perform experiments using microwaves to induce molecular dissolution. An accident destabilized his body and gave him the ability to transform it at will. However, he was forced to wear an exoskeleton to prevent his body from separating entirely.

An organization known as The Conspiracy promised to cure Weems of his affliction if he aided them in their plans. They gave him the code name "Modular Man" because of his ability to take his body apart and put it back together without ill effect.
 
Agents of The Conspiracy mailed parts of Weems' body in several packages to Delenor Hospital, where fellow agent Killer Shrike was comatose after a fight with Ulysses Bloodstone. Members of the Conspiracy reassembled Weems in the hospital's mail room.

Weems kidnapped Killer Shrike and brought him to his masters in the Conspiracy. Unfortunately, the Conspiracy's leadership had been killed while attempting to acquire the Hellfire Helix. Weems managed to make Killer Shrike conscious again, but could not cure his amnesia. Killer Shrike promised to help Weems if he would reveal the Shrike's past to him. The two stole scientific equipment from labs at Empire State University, and came into conflict with Spider-Man and Beast.
 
Weems and Killer Shrike took a helicopter to the Empire State Building prior to a television broadcast that would provide the necessary microwaves for Weems to restore himself. This initially caused Weems great pain, but then, instead of curing him, caused him to increase in size and power. He revealed that his true intent had never been to be cured, but to transform into a powerful energy creature. Spider-Man and Beast then appear and use Shrike's energy gauntlets to overload Weems' exoskeleton, causing him to dissolve.

Powers and abilities
The Modular Man possesses immense strength and durability, as well as the ability to reconfigure his own body in any way he wishes. He could absorb microwave radiation to vastly grow in size, but cannot survive without his exoskeleton. Weems carries numerous, but detachable weapons at his disposal, such as a gas gun and others that are unrevealed.

References

Comics characters introduced in 1977
Fictional characters who can change size
Marvel Comics characters with superhuman durability or invulnerability
Marvel Comics characters with superhuman strength
Marvel Comics mutates
Marvel Comics scientists
Marvel Comics supervillains
Jiangxi University of Science and Technology. Jiangxi University of Science and Technology () is a university located in Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China.

History
Established in 1958, this university was formerly known as Jiangxi Institute of Metallurgy. The university was renamed as Southern Institute of Metallurgy in 1988.

Schools
 School of Environmental and Construction Engineering
 School of Material and Chemical Engineering
 School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering
 School of Information Engineering
 School of Economics and Management
 School of Sciences
 School of Liberal Arts and Law
 School of Foreign Studies
 School of Continuing Education
 School of Higher Vocational and Technical Education (Nanchang Campus)
 Applied Science Institute (Jinshawan Campus)

See also
Jinggangshan University

External links
JUST Official Website

Universities and colleges in Jiangxi
Technical universities and colleges in China
Yao Tongbin. Yao Tongbin (; September 3, 1922 – June 8, 1968) was a Chinese scientist and one of China's foremost missile engineers. He was beaten to death during the Cultural Revolution in 1968. In 1999, he was posthumously awarded the Two Bombs, One Satellite Meritorious Award, and officially recognized as a "martyr" within China.

Early life and education 
Yao was born in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province. He graduated from the department of metallurgy of National Tangshan Engineering College, now Southwest Jiaotong University in July 1945, and obtained a doctorate of foundry engineering from University of Birmingham in UK in 1951. In June 1953, Yao earned a Diploma in Metallurgy from the Royal School of Mines, Imperial College London. At the invitation of Eugen Piwowarsky from the RWTH Aachen University, he moved to West Germany in early 1954 and worked at Aachen as a research assistant at what was then the Institute for Ferrous Metallurgy.

Career 
After returning to China in September 1957, Yao served in the Fifth Academy of the Ministry of National Defense, headed by Qian Xuesen. He helped found the Institute of Materials and Technology (later affiliated to the Seventh Ministry of Machine Building) and became the director.

Murder 
After the eruption of the Cultural Revolution, the young engineer Ye Zhengguang overthrew the Seventh Ministry leadership and removed Minister Wang Bingzhang and Vice Minister Qian Xuesen.

Within the Seventh Ministry, two mass factions, labeled as "915" and "916" respectively, appeared in September 1966. Whereas Faction 915 comprised mainly administrative office staff members and blue collar workers and was regarded as the "conservative" faction, Faction 916 primarily consisted of scientists, engineers, and technicians and was regarded as the "rebel" faction. The differences in opinion between the two factions soon escalated into warfare, spreading from the Third Academy to the First Academy and then throughout the entire Seventh Ministry. On June 8, 1968, Yao Tongbin, who was part of Faction 916, was beaten to death at his own home by members of Faction 915.

Legacy 
After this loss of one of China's foremost missile engineers, Zhou Enlai ordered  for key technical experts.

After the end of the Cultural Revolution, the two perpetrators were sentenced in 1979 to 15 years and 12 years in prison for the murder of Yao.

Because of his significant contribution to China's astronautical materials and technology, Yao was posthumously awarded the Two Bombs, One Satellite Meritorious Award in 1999 by Chinese government, over three decades after his murder.

References 

1922 births
1968 deaths
Deaths by beating
Scientists from Wuxi
People persecuted to death during the Cultural Revolution
Southwest Jiaotong University alumni
Alumni of the University of Birmingham
Chinese aerospace engineers
Stormrise. Stormrise  is a real-time tactics video game developed by Creative Assembly's Australian studio and published by Sega for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, and Xbox 360. It is set in a post-apocalyptic world.

Gameplay
The game is a real-time tactics game, with the ability to control units in the air, on the surface, and underground.

Story
In the near future, a network of orbital weather control satellites was created to prevent an environmental disaster, but the satellites malfunctioned, triggering a catastrophic event known as simply "The Event", in which firestorms ravaged the surface of the Earth. A select few were chosen to go into cryogenic stasis and rebuild society, while the rest were left to die. After a few decades, two civilizations began to emerge. Those who went into stasis would reawaken and form the technologically advanced Echelon, while those who were left behind would adapt to the new environment and become the tribal Sai.

Factions
The Echelon: A technologically advanced race that endured the planet's fallout by way of cryogenic stasis.

The Sai: A tribal society that adapted to the new environment and evolved.

Development
Stormrise was in development at Creative Assembly's Australian studio and was released for the Xbox 360, Microsoft Windows, and PlayStation 3 in March 2009. The Windows version requires Windows Vista as the engine has been built on and designed around DirectX 10.1.

Critical reception

The PlayStation 3 version received "mixed" reviews, while the PC and Xbox 360 versions received "generally unfavorable reviews", according to the review aggregation website Metacritic.

Patch cancellation and departure of staff
Development of the second patch was cancelled on 28 April 2009 one month after release. Creative Assembly indicated that the cancellation was due to the financial costs associated with testing and certifying the new changes and features.

The critical response and low sales have been cited as being factors in the financial decision.

Following the cancellation of the patch, Ken Turner, the creative director behind Stormrise, was released from the studio.

References

External links
 

2009 video games
PlayStation 3 games
Xbox 360 games
Real-time tactics video games
Sega video games
Video games developed in Australia
Creative Assembly games
Windows games
Games for Windows
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Video games scored by Jeff van Dyck
Edward Partington, 1st Baron Doverdale. Edward Partington, 1st Baron Doverdale    (28 September 1836 – 5 January 1925) was an English industrialist.

Partington was born in Bury, Greater Manchester, the son of Sarah Partington and David Livsey, a blacksmith, and arrived in Glossop in 1874. He, with his partner William Olive, bought the Turn Lee Mill from Thomas Hamer Ibbotson. He bought it to try out a modern method of paper manufacture using the sulfite process.  He expanded rapidly with mills in Salford and Barrow in Furness. He merged with Kellner of Vienna and was created Lord Doverdale in 1914. His factories in Charlestown created nearly a 1000 jobs. He employed a thousand workers in his Charlestown Mill, 1 in 12 of the working population. He was a Unitarian and a Liberal. He was a Deputy Lieutenant of Derbyshire. He was made a Baron in the 1916 Prime Minister's Resignation Honours, being created Baron Doverdale, of Westwood Park in the County of Worcester on 6 January 1917.

He died suddenly a few hours after visiting his mills one afternoon in 1925.

References

1836 births
1925 deaths
Businesspeople from Glossop
English industrialists
Deputy lieutenants of Derbyshire
People from Bury, Greater Manchester
Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
Barons created by George V
John Wood (millowner). John Wood of Marsden came to Glossop from Manchester in 1819 and bought existing woollen mills which he expanded. These were the Howard Town mills. In 1825, John Wood installed the first steam engine and power looms. The Howardtown Mills became the largest spinning weaving combine in Glossop, and with Wren's Nest, and Waterside Mills, Hadfield dominated the Derbyshire cotton industry.

References

Businesspeople from Glossop
English industrialists
19th-century English businesspeople
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
British textile industry businesspeople
ISSE. Isse or ISSE may refer to:

Places
 Isse, village and commune in north-eastern France
 Issé, village and commune in north-western France

Computing
 Information Systems Security Engineering
 Internet Streaming SIMD Extensions, an SIMD instruction set extension to the x86 architecture by Intel introduced in 1999
 Integer Streaming SIMD Extensions, an informal name for MMX extensions associated with 3DNow! extensions

Other uses
 Issé (opera), by André Cardinal Destouches
 International Secondary School Eindhoven, a school in the Netherlands
 International Students for Social Equality
 Hirsi Magan Isse (1935–2008), scholar and a leading figure of the Somali Revolution
Crystal chemistry. Crystal chemistry is the study of the principles of chemistry behind crystals and their use in describing structure-property relations in solids, as well as the chemical properties of periodic structures. The principles that govern the assembly of crystal and glass structures are described, models of many of the technologically important crystal structures (alumina, quartz, perovskite) are studied, and the effect of crystal structure on the various fundamental mechanisms responsible for many physical properties are discussed.

The objectives of the field include:
identifying important raw materials and minerals as well as their names and chemical formulae.
describing the crystal structure of important materials and determining their atomic details
learning the systematics of crystal and glass chemistry.
understanding how physical and chemical properties are related to crystal structure and microstructure.
studying the engineering significance of these ideas and how they relate to foreign products: past, present, and future.

Topics studied are:
Chemical bonding, Electronegativity
Fundamentals of crystallography: crystal systems, Miller Indices, symmetry elements, bond lengths and radii, theoretical density
Crystal and glass structure prediction: Pauling's and Zachariasen’s rules
Phase diagrams and crystal chemistry (including solid solutions)
Imperfections (including defect chemistry and line defects)
Phase transitions
Structure – property relations: Neumann's law, melting point, mechanical properties (hardness, slip, cleavage, elastic moduli), wetting, thermal properties (thermal expansion, specific heat, thermal conductivity), diffusion, ionic conductivity, refractive index, absorption, color, Dielectrics and Ferroelectrics, and Magnetism
Crystal structures of representative metals, semiconductors, polymers, and ceramics

References

Chemistry
Crystallography
TheBrain Technologies. TheBrain Technologies is a software company located in Los Angeles, California. Founded in 1998, they specialize in a Knowledge Graph type of mind mapping software.

Products
Their flagship product, TheBrain, has been popular in mind mapping circles, and runs on multiple operating systems. Their other major product, BrainEKP, received an award from the James Burke institute in 2008. Their other products include TeamBrain, TeamBrain Server and a mobile application for iOS and Android.

References

Website 

Software companies based in California
Companies established in 1998
Software companies of the United States
DOS 2. DOS 2 or DOS-2 may refer to:

 A failed Soviet space station DOS-2, part of the Salyut programme
 Atari DOS 2.0 for the Atari 8-bit family

It may also refer to versions of the Microsoft MS-DOS family:
 MS-DOS 2.00, Microsoft (internal) version in 1982 and 1983, successor of MS-DOS 1.xx, licensed to various OEMs including IBM
 MS-DOS 2.01, Microsoft (internal) version in 1983
 MS-DOS 2.10, Microsoft (internal) version in 1983
 MS-DOS 2.11, Microsoft (internal) version in 1983
 MS-DOS 2.11R, a ROMed version for Tandy PCs in 1988 
 MS-DOS 2.12, a special OEM version for the TI Professional in 1983/1984
 MS-DOS 2.25, Microsoft version with extended multilanguage support in 1985

It may also refer to versions of the IBM PC DOS family:
 PC DOS 2.0, successor of PC DOS 1.1 in 1983
 PC DOS 2.1, successor of PC DOS 2.0 in 1983
 PC DOS 2.11, successor of PC DOS 2.1 in 1984

It may also refer to operating systems of the Digital Research family:
 DOS Plus 1.0, a single-user variant of Concurrent PC DOS in 1985
 DOS Plus 1.1, a single-user variant of Concurrent PC DOS in 1985
 DOS Plus 1.2, a single-user variant of Concurrent PC DOS 4.1 in 1986
 DOS Plus 2.1, a single-user variant of Concurrent PC DOS 5.0 in 1988

See also
 DOS (disambiguation)
 DOS 1 (disambiguation)
 DOS 3 (disambiguation)
 DOS 20 (disambiguation)
 DOS 286 (disambiguation)
Serafina Brocious. Serafina Brocious is an American software engineer best known for her work on PyMusique and her demonstration of Onity HT lock system vulnerabilities in 2012.

Notable projects

PyMusique
Brocious first saw recognition as founder of the PyMusique project, where she worked with Jon Lech Johansen of DeCSS fame. PyMusique allowed Linux users to purchase music from the iTunes music store without the standard FairPlay DRM implementation in place.

Falling Leaf Systems
During her employment with MP3Tunes, Brocious also joined forces with Brian Thomason, then an employee of another Michael Robertson company, Linspire Inc., to form Falling Leaf Systems LLC. Falling Leaf Systems attempted to commercialize the Alky Project, which was started by Brocious to enable Microsoft Windows games to run on other platforms.

Falling Leaf Systems sold access to a membership site dubbed the Sapling Program, whereby users could access a build of Alky allowing them to demo the game Prey on either Linux or Mac OS X. Despite attempts to expand their stack by also supporting applications on disparate platforms, Falling Leaf Systems officially closed its doors in early 2008.

Emokit
In 2010, Brocious reverse-engineered the protocol used by the Emotiv EPOC EEG headset, publishing the AES key used for encrypting the sensor data.

The Hardware Hacker Manifesto
The Hardware Hacker Manifesto was published on 21 September 2010. It gives some insight of the psychology of hardware hackers. Serafina Brocious goes into an explanation of why it is important for owners to have the right to utilize hardware the way they wish to use it.

Onity lock systems
At the 2012 Black Hat Briefings, Brocious presented several vulnerabilities about the Onity HT lock system, a lock used by the majority of U.S. hotels. The security hole can be exploited using about  worth of hardware, and it potentially affects millions of hotel rooms. The device was eventually optimized down to the size of a marker, and was eventually used to perform burglaries.

Onity started rolling out safeguards for the problem in late 2012, which was considered a slow reaction. However, in 2013 it was still reported that some hotels continued to be vulnerable, likely due to the cost of the security upgrade.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
People from Waukegan, Illinois
American software engineers
Demosceners
People from Chambersburg, Pennsylvania
Engineers from Pennsylvania
Engineers from Illinois
B. M. Institute of Engineering & Technology. Bhagwan Mahaveer Institute of Engineering & Technology is an engineering college located at Raipur-Fazilpur Road, Sonepat, Haryana, India. The institute was established in 1999. It is one of the oldest in the region. It is affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi and is approved by the AICTE. It offers degrees including B.Tech., M.B.A. and B.B.A. The institute has separate hostels for boys and girls on campus, and provides bus facility from all major routes of Delhi. It also has an alumni network of around 7000 students working round the globe in major engineering and management organizations. The institute is a 'Jain Minority Institute'.

References

External links 

Universities and colleges in Haryana
Colleges of the Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University
1999 establishments in Haryana
Educational institutions established in 1999
Engineering colleges in Delhi
Sonipat
VisualVM. VisualVM is a tool that provides a visual interface for viewing detailed information about Java applications while they are running on a Java Virtual Machine (JVM). VisualVM organizes JVM data that is retrieved by the Java Development Kit (JDK) tools and presents the information in a way that allows data on multiple Java applications to be quickly viewed—both local applications and applications that are running on remote hosts. Programmers can also capture data about the JVM software and save the data to the local system, and then view the data later or share it with others. VisualVM is built on the NetBeans Platform; its architecture is modular and easy to extend with plugins.

This tool was bundled directly with JDK 6 through JDK 8.  VisualVM is actively developed.

Features
VisualVM has features of use to application developers, system administrators, quality engineers and application users submitting bug reports.
 Display local and remote Java applications.
 Display application configuration and runtime environment.
 Monitor application memory consumption and runtime behavior.
 Monitor application threads.
 Profile application performance or analyze memory allocation.
 Take and display thread dumps.
 Take and browse heap dumps.
 Analyze core dumps and applications offline.
 Browse JFR recordings.

References

External links
 VisualVM homepage

Oracle software
Debuggers
Profilers
Free software programmed in Java (programming language)
Photomagnetism. Photomagnetism (photomagnetic effect) is the effect in which a material acquires (and in some cases loses) its ferromagnetic properties in response to light. The current model for this phenomenon is a light-induced electron transfer, accompanied by the reversal of the spin direction of an electron. This leads to an increase in spin concentration, causing the magnetic transition. Currently the effect is only observed to persist (for any significant time) at very low temperature. But at temperatures such as 5K, the effect may persist for several days.

Mechanism
The magnetisation and demagnetisation (where not demagnetised thermally) occur through intermediate states  as shown (right). The magnetising and demagnetising wavelengths provide the energy for the system to reach the intermediate states which then relaxed non-radiatively to one of the two states (the intermediate state for magnetisation and demagnetisation are different and so the photon flux is not wasted by relaxation to the same state from which the system was just excited). A direct transition from the ground state to the magnetic state and, more importantly, vice versa is a forbidden transition, and this leads to the magnetised state being metastable and persisting for a long period at low temperatures.

Prussian blue analogues 
One of the most promising groups of molecular photomagnetic materials are Co-Fe Prussian blue analogues (i.e. compounds with the same structure and similar chemical make up to Prussian blue.) A Prussian blue analogue has a chemical formula M1-2xCo1+x[Fe(CN)6]•zH2O where x and z are variables (z may be zero) and M is an alkali metal. Prussian blue analogues have a face centre cubic structure.

It is essential that the structure be non-stoichiometric. In this case the iron molecules are randomly replaced by water (6 molecules of water per replaced iron). This non-stoichiometry is essential to the photomagnetism of Prussian blue analogues as regions which contain an iron vacancy are more stable in the non-magnetic state and regions without a vacancy are more stable in the magnetic state. By illumination by the correct frequency one or another of these regions can be locally changed to its more stable state from the bulk state, triggering the phase change of the entire molecule. The reverse phase change can be accomplished by exciting the other type of region by the appropriate frequency.

See also 
 Photomagnetic effect
Photochromism

References

Further reading

Condensed matter physics
Ferromagnetism
Magneto-optic effects