omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Urchin (software). Urchin was a web statistics analysis program that was developed by Urchin Software Corporation. Urchin analyzed web server log file content and displayed the traffic information on that website based upon the log data. Sales of Urchin products ended on March 28, 2012.

Urchin software could be run in two different data collection modes: log file analyzer or hybrid. As a log file analyzer, Urchin processed web server log files in a variety of log file formats. Custom file formats could also be defined. As a hybrid, Urchin combined page tags with log file data to eradicate the limitations of each data collection method in isolation. The result was more accurate web visitor data.

Urchin became one of the more popular solutions for website traffic analysis, particularly with ISPs and web hosting providers. This was largely due to its scalability in performance and its pricing model.

Urchin Software Corp. was acquired by Google in April 2005, forming Google Analytics. In April 2008, Google released Urchin 6. In February 2009, Google released Urchin 6.5, integrating AdWords. Urchin 7 was released in September 2010 and included 64-bit support, a new UI, and event tracking, among other features.

See also
UTM parameters
List of web analytics software

References

External links
 

Google software
Web analytics
Discontinued Google services
Web log analysis software
Graftonite. Graftonite is an iron(II), manganese, calcium phosphate mineral with the chemical formula . It forms lamellar to granular translucent brown to red-brown to pink monoclinic prismatic crystals. It has a vitreous luster with a Mohs hardness of 5 and a specific gravity of 3.67 to 3.7.

It was first described from its type locality of Melvin Mountain in the town of Grafton, in Grafton County, New Hampshire.

References
Mindat with location data
Webmineral data

Iron(II) minerals
Manganese(II) minerals
Calcium minerals
Phosphate minerals
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 14
Glow plate. Glow plates are sheets of glass or plastic that "glow" when light is supplied to one of their edges.
The light source for a glow plate can be artificial, such as fluorescent light, or natural, with sunlight being directly exposed to the plate or fed through a fiber-optic system.

A joint effort between Florida State University and Oak Ridge National Laboratory is focused on the design of a "spiral bio-reactor light sheet", which consists of a plexiglas sheet that has been micro-etched on one side and rolled into a spiral shape.

Aside from aesthetic or utilitarian lighting purposes, much interest in using glow plates as a source of light comes from recent developments in algal cultivation.

External links
Algae used to mitigate carbon dioxide emissions The energy blog
Fabrication of spiral bio-reactor light sheets Student abstracts: engineering at ORNL

Lighting
Fiber optics
Algaculture
John V. N. Dorr. Dr. John Van Nostrand Dorr (1872–1962) was an industrial chemist active in early to middle twentieth century. He was born in 1872 in Newark, New Jersey.  He worked with Thomas Edison before attending Rutgers University, from which he obtained a B.S. in chemistry in 1894.

His major contribution in the field of chemical engineering was the development of the Dorr classifier which became a practical method for the separation and chemical treatment of fine solids suspended in liquid. This technology was used in sewage treatment, water purification, de-silting projects, minerals milling, and sugar production. He founded the Dorr Company in 1916.

In the early 1950s, Dorr postulated that at night and when rain, snow or fog impaired vision, drivers hugged the white lines painted in the middle of highways. Dorr believed this led to numerous accidents and that painting a white line along the outside shoulders of the highways would save lives. Dorr convinced highway engineers in Westchester County, New York, to test his theory along a stretch of highway with curves and gradients. The decrease in accidents was dramatic and a follow-up test in Connecticut had similar results. Dorr then used his own foundation to publicize the demonstration's results.

Dorr was awarded the Franklin Institute's John Scott Medal in 1916, the Chemical Industry Medal in 1938, and the Perkin Medal by the Society of Chemical Industry in 1941. He was the benefactor of several major philanthropies, as well as founding his own charity, the Dorr Foundation.

References

1872 births
1962 deaths
Rutgers University alumni
American chemical engineers
Vought XF2U. The Vought XF2U was a prototype biplane fighter aircraft evaluated by the United States Navy at the end of the 1920s, but was already outclassed by competing designs and never put into production.

Development and design
Vought's O2U Corsair, first delivered in 1927, was a successful design that set several speed and altitude record in that year. To compete for the Bureau of Aeronautics requirement for a two-seat carrier-based fighter, Vought adapted this design, but progress was slow. Ordered on 30 June 1927, the aircraft was not completed until June 1929. It was no longer state-of-the-art; in particular Curtiss' F8C Falcon was further along.

The aircraft was constructed of welded steel tubing, covered in fabric. The wings were made of wood and fabric covered. The prototype first flew on 21 June 1929, and was tested on a simulated carrier deck in Norfolk, Virginia. It was found satisfactory, allaying concerns about problems due to the rather long cowling over the engine. The aircraft then went to the Naval Aircraft Factory, who operated it until 6 March 1931, when it was lost in a crash landing.

Specifications

References

Further reading

External links

 Vought page on the XF2U

F02U
Vought F02U
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
INRS-EMT. The Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications (EMT, Energy, Materials and Telecommunications) is part of the INRS research university in Quebec. The center has two separate locations: Montreal (Place Bonaventure) and Varennes. The center focuses its research activities in domains such as telecommunication networks, wireless communications, multi-media signal processing, RF systems and photonic ultra-fast photonics devices. In the area of energy, the main research directions are: materials and decentralized energy systems, energy modeling and analysis (GAME), magnetic confinement fusion.

Student association
The student association is named "Céisme", an acronym for "Comité des Étudiants de l'INRS en Sciences des Matériaux et de l'Énergie". That acronym is also similar to a French word for earthquake (). The center name changed to "Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications" but the student association name stayed.

External links

Université du Québec
Reinecke's salt. Reinecke's salt is an inorganic compound with the formula NH4[Cr(NCS)4(NH3)2]·H2O. The dark-red crystalline compound is soluble in boiling water, acetone, and ethanol. It can be classified as a metal isothiocyanate complex.

Structure, preparation, reactions
The chromium atom is surrounded by six nitrogen atoms in an octahedral geometry. The NH3 ligands are mutually trans and the Cr–NCS groups are linear. The salt crystallizes with one molecule of water.

It was first reported in 1863. NH4[Cr(NCS)4(NH3)2] is prepared by treatment of molten NH4SCN (melting point around 145–150 °C) with (NH4)2Cr2O7.

This salt was once widely used to precipitate primary and secondary amines as their ammonium salts. Included in the amines that effectively form crystalline precipitates are those derived from the amino acids, including proline and hydroxyproline. It also reacts with Hg2+ compounds, giving a red color or a red precipitate.

References

Chromium complexes
Reagents for organic chemistry
Ammine complexes
Thiocyanates
Chromium(III) compounds
Ammonium compounds
Bipolaron. In physics, a bipolaron is a type of quasiparticle consisting of two polarons. In organic chemistry, it is a molecule or a part of a macromolecular chain containing two positive charges in a conjugated system.

Bipolarons in physics 

In physics, a bipolaron is a bound pair of two polarons. An electron in a material may cause a distortion in the underlying lattice. The combination of electron and distortion (which may also be understood as a cloud of phonons) is known as a polaron (in part because the interaction between electron and lattice is via a polarization). When two polarons are close together, they can lower their energy by sharing the same distortions, which leads to an effective attraction between the polarons. If the interaction is sufficiently large, then that attraction leads to a bound bipolaron. For strong attraction, bipolarons may be small. Small bipolarons have integer spin and thus share some of the properties of bosons. If many bipolarons form without coming too close, they might be able to form a Bose–Einstein condensate. This has led to a suggestion that bipolarons could be a possible mechanism for high-temperature superconductivity. For example, they can lead to a very direct interpretation of the isotope effect.

Recently, bipolarons were predicted theorethically in a Bose-Einstein condensate. Two polarons interchange sound waves and they attract to each other, forming a bound-state when the strength coupling between the single polarons and the condensate is strong in comparison with the interactions of the host gas.

Bipolarons in organic chemistry 

In organic chemistry, a bipolaron is a molecule or part of a macromolecular chain containing two positive charges in a conjugated system. The charges can be located in the centre of the chain or at its termini. Bipolarons and polarons are encountered in doped conducting polymers such as polythiophene.

It is possible to synthesize and isolate bipolaron model compounds for X-ray diffraction studies. The diamagnetic bis(triaryl)amine dication 2 in scheme 1 is prepared from the neutral precursor 1 in dichloromethane by reaction with 4 equivalents of antimony pentachloride. Two resonance structures exist for the dication. Structure 2a is a (singlet) diradical and 2b is the closed shell quinoid. The experimental bond lengths for the central vinylidene group in 2 are 141 pm and 137 pm compared to 144 pm and 134 pm for the precursor 1 implying some contribution from the quinoid structure.

On the other hand, when a thiophene unit is added to the core in the structure depicted in scheme 2, these bond lengths are identical (around 138 pm) making it a true hybrid.

See also 
 Quinonoid zwitterions

References 

Ions
Quasiparticles
Synapse (disambiguation). A synapse is a neural junction used for communication between neurons

Synapse may also refer to:

Computing and information systems
 Apache Synapse, open source enterprise service bus (ESB) and mediation engine
 Azure Synapse, a fully managed cloud data warehouse
 Peltarion Synapse, a component-based integrated development environment for neural networks and adaptive systems
 Synapse (software), a free and open-source application launcher for Linux
 Synapse Audio Software, German software company that develops music production software for Mac OS and Microsoft Windows platforms
 Synapse.org, an open source scientific collaboration platform
 Razer Synapse, a software from Razer

Companies 
 Synapse Financial Technologies, a fintech company
 Synapse Group, a marketing company

Science
 Chemical synapse, in neurobiology
 Electrical synapse, in electrophysiology
 Immunological synapse, in immunology
 SyNAPSE (Systems of Neuromorphic Adaptive Plastic Scalable Electronics), a DARPA project
 Synapse, Fujifilm Medical Systems Picture archiving and communication system application

Publications
 Synapse (journal), a neurology journal
 Synapse: The Magazine of the University of Nevada School of Medicine (online)
 Synapse Magazine, produced by the Chester County (PA) Hospital and Health System (online)
 Synapse (magazine), an electronic music magazine published 1976-1979
 The Synapse, Oberlin College science magazine

Entertainment
 Synapse Films, a DVD releasing company specializing in cult and hard-to-find movies
 Synapse Software, an American computer game development and publishing company active during the early-1980s
 Celestial Synapse, musical event held at the Fillmore West on the evening of 19 February 1969
 Usurp Synapse, a screamo band from Indiana
 Synapse (film), a 2015 science fiction film
 Synapse, the fictional communications software in the 2001 film Antitrust (film)
 Synapse, song by British post-grunge band Bush on the album Razorblade Suitcase
 Synaps, series of Steinberger electric guitars
 Synapse (video game), a 2023 virtual reality video game released for the PlayStation VR2

See also 
 Synapsid, a group of animals that includes mammals and everything more closely related to mammals than to other living amniotes
 Synapsis, the pairing of two homologous chromosomes that occurs during meiosis
 Synopsis, a brief summary of the major points of a written work
Bert Metz. Bert Metz (born 15 August 1945) is a Dutch climate policy expert. He was co-chair of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Working Group III on mitigation on climate change for the third and fourth assessment report of the IPCC. Currently, he is a fellow at the European Climate Foundation.

Biography
Metz was born in The Hague. He obtained an engineer's degree in chemical engineering at Delft University of Technology and subsequently his Ph.D. degree at the same university. From 1976 to 1987, he worked for Dutch Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and Environment in the fields of air pollution, external safety, noise pollution, chemical waste and the enforcement of environmental laws.

From 1987 until 1992, he was Counsellor for Health and Environment at the Royal Netherlands Embassy in Washington DC. In 1992 he became deputy director for Air and Energy of the Netherlands Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and Environment, with responsibility for climate policy. He led the Netherlands delegation to the negotiations on the Kyoto Protocol to the Climate Convention.

In 1997, he moved to the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency at RIVM to head the group on climate change and global sustainability and was elected as co-chairman of the Working Group on Climate Change Mitigation of the IPCC for the preparation of the Third Assessment Report. In 2002 he was re-elected in that position for the 4th Assessment Report cycle.
Although formally retired, Bert Metz is still very active in the climate policy arena, among others as advisor for the European Climate Foundation and as steering group member of UNEP's annual Emissions Gap Report. In 2008 he was named Officer in the Order of Orange-Nassau..

References

1945 births
Living people
Dutch climatologists
Delft University of Technology alumni
Officers of the Order of Orange-Nassau
Scientists from The Hague
Micro Cornucopia. Micro Cornucopia, sometimes shortened to Micro C, was a 1980s magazine for microcomputer hobbyists and enthusiasts. It was published in Bend, Oregon by former Tektronix engineer David J. Thompson.  

The magazine, conceived as a newsletter for users of the Ferguson Big Board (a single-board CP/M computer), was published bi-monthly beginning in July 1981. It soon expanded its coverage to other board-level computers, the Kaypro computer, and general hobbyist/experimental computing, with special interest areas being robotics, interfacing, embedded systems and programming languages. The magazine routinely published circuit diagrams and source code.   

Micro C carried articles on a wide range of subjects, some system-specific and newsletter-like, but also covering (then) off-mainstream topics, e.g. 3D graphics, artificial intelligence, or the special needs of disabled users. They published a 32-page catalog of CP/M and MS-DOS software, cover date Fall/Winter 1986, describing it as the second, the first having been the Spring issue.

The publishers of Micro C organized free annual user conference dubbed "SOG" (Semi-Official Get-together) in Oregon.

Final issue
In issue 53, May 1990, Thompson wrote, "I'm closing down Micro C and I don't know what I'll be doing next." He explained his loss of interest in the magazine, and subscribers were offered the choice to switch to one of several other magazines, including Computer Language.

Personnel
 Publisher: David J. Thompson
 Technical Editor: Larry Fogg
 Regular contributors & staff:
 Scott Robert Ladd
 Bruce Eckel
 Tony & Becky Ozrelic

References

External links
 
 Issue 12, June 1983 page images

1980s establishments in Oregon
1990 disestablishments in Oregon
Defunct computer magazines published in the United States
Magazines established in 1981
Magazines disestablished in 1990
Magazines published in Oregon
Robotics magazines
Silver telluride. Silver telluride (Ag2Te) is a chemical compound, a telluride of silver, also known as disilver telluride or silver(I) telluride. It forms a monoclinic crystal. In a wider sense, silver telluride can be used to denote AgTe (silver(II) telluride, a metastable compound) or Ag5Te3.

Silver(I) telluride occurs naturally as the mineral hessite, whereas silver(II) telluride  is known as empressite.

Silver telluride is a semiconductor which can be doped both n-type and p-type. Stoichiometric Ag2Te has n-type conductivity. On heating silver is lost from the material.

Non-stoichiometric silver telluride has shown extraordinary magnetoresistance.

Synthesis
Porous silver telluride (AgTe) is synthesized by an electrochemical deposition method. The experiment can be performed using a potentiostat and a three-electrode cell with 200 mL of 0.5 M sulfuric acid electrolyte solution containing Ag nanoparticles at room temperature. Then a silver paste used in the tungsten ditelluride (WTe2) attachment leach into the electrolyte which causes small amounts of Ag to dissolve in the electrolyte. The electrolyte was stirred by a magnetic bar to remove hydrogen bubbles. A silver- silver chloride electrode and a platinum wire can be used as reference and counter electrodes. All the potentials can be measured against the reference electrode, and it was calibrated using the equation ERHE = EAg/AgCl + .059 pH + .197. In order to grow the porous AgTe, the WTe2 was treated using multiple cyclic voltammetry between -1.2 and 0 volts with a scan rate of 100 mV/s.

Glutathione coated Ag2Te Nanoparticles can be synthesized by preparing a 9 mL solution containing 10 mM AgNO3, 5mM Na2TeO3, and 30 mM glutathione. Place that solution in an ice bath. N2H4 was added to the solution and the reaction is allowed to proceed for 5 min under constant stirring.  Then the nanoparticles are washed three times by a way of centrifugation, after the three washes the nanoparticles are suspended in PBS and washed again with that same method.

References

 
 
 
Hagyeong Kwon, Dongyeon Bae, Dongyeun Won, Heeju Kim, Gunn Kim, Jiung Cho, Hee Jung Park, Hionsuck Baik, Ah Reum Jeong, Chia-Hsien Lin, Ching-Yu Chiang, Ching-Shun Ku, Heejun Yang, and Suyeon Cho "Nanoporous Silver Telluride for active hydrogen evolution." (n.d.) https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsnano.0c09517

See also
 Hessite
 Empressite
 Sylvanite

Related materials
 Silver selenide
 Silver sulfide

Silver compounds
Tellurides
Semiconductor materials
Non-stoichiometric compounds
Cellular architecture. Cellular architecture is a type of computer architecture prominent in parallel computing. Cellular architectures are relatively new, with IBM's Cell microprocessor being the first one to reach the market. Cellular architecture takes multi-core architecture design to its logical conclusion, by giving the programmer the ability to run large numbers of concurrent threads within a single processor. Each 'cell' is a compute node containing thread units, memory, and communication. Speed-up is achieved by exploiting thread-level parallelism inherent in many applications.

Cell, a cellular architecture containing 9 cores, is the processor used in the PlayStation 3. Another prominent cellular architecture is Cyclops64, a massively parallel architecture currently under development by IBM.

Cellular architectures follow the low-level programming paradigm, which exposes the programmer to much of the underlying hardware. This allows the programmer to greatly optimize their code for the platform, but at the same time makes it more difficult to develop software.

See also
Cellular automaton

External links
 Cellular architecture builds next generation supercomputers
 ORNL, IBM, and the Blue Gene Project
 Energy, IBM are partners in biological supercomputing project
 Cell-based Architecture

Parallel computing
Computer architecture
Classes of computers
Portable Standard Lisp. Portable Standard Lisp (PSL) is a programming language, a dialect of the language Lisp. PSL was inspired by its predecessor, Standard Lisp and the Portable Lisp Compiler. It is tail-recursive, late binding (or dynamically bound), and was developed by researchers at the University of Utah in 1980, which released PSL 3.1; development was handed over to developers at Hewlett-Packard in 1982 who released PSL 3.3 and up. Portable Standard Lisp was available as a kit containing a screen editor, a compiler, and an interpreter for several hardware and operating system computing platforms, including Motorola 68000 series, DECSYSTEM-20s, Cray-1s, VAX, and many others. Today, PSL is mainly developed by and available from Konrad-Zuse-Zentrum für Informationstechnik Berlin (ZIB). Its main modern use is as the underlying language for implementations of Reduce.

Like most older Lisps, in the first step, PSL compiles Lisp code to LAP code, which is another cross-platform language. However, where older lisps mostly compiled LAP directly to assembly language or some architecture dependent intermediate, PSL compiles the LAP to C code, which would run in a virtual machine language; so programs written in it are as portable as C in principle, which is very portable. The compiler was written in PSL or a more primitive dialect named System Lisp or SYSLISP as "... an experiment in writing a production-quality Lisp in Lisp itself as much as possible, with only minor amounts of code written by hand in assembly language or other systems languages." so the whole ensemble could bootstrap itself, and improvements to the compiler improved the compiler. Some later releases had a compatibility package for Common Lisp, but this is not sustained in the modern versions.

Criticism
Portable Standard Lisp has fewer features than other Lisps, such as Common Lisp, and some people found it unpleasant to use. Richard P. Gabriel wrote in his popular essay Lisp: Good News, Bad News, How to Win Big, "the third most standard Lisp was Portable Standard Lisp, which ran on many machines, but very few people wanted to use it;".

Timeline

References

External links

 , Portable Utah Standard Lisp

Concurrent programming languages
Dynamically typed programming languages
Functional languages
Lisp programming language family
Multi-paradigm programming languages
Environmental issues in Paraguay. Environmental issues in Paraguay include deforestation.

Between 1990 and 2000, Paraguay had an average deforestation rate of 1%. The rate increased between 2000 and 2005 to 1.92%. Paraguay also has a growing pollution problem. Many of the country's rivers suffer from toxic dumping. Tanneries are particularly harmful, releasing mercury and chromium into rivers and streams. Runoff from toxic chemicals used by farmers also seeps into Paraguay's waters. In the Chaco, the salination of already arid land makes farming even more difficult. Furthermore, poachers have almost 
Paraguay had a 2018 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 6.39/10, ranking it 74th globally out of 172 countries.

References

Issues
Paraguay
Environmental crime