omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Mushkin. Mushkin () is an American computer hardware company best known for producing computer memory modules (RAM). Its customers include gamers and industry professionals.  Mushkin products include solid-state drives, computer power supply units (PSUs), and RAM modules for desktops, servers, and laptops. They also produce a line of USB flash drives. Their memory products are available in several performance categories, including those intended for overclockers.

History
Mushkin was founded in Denver, Colorado, in 1994.  Ramtron International acquired Mushkin in June 2000.  Mushkin became a wholly owned subsidiary of Ramtron, who used it to distribute memory modules made by its subsidiary, Enhanced Memory Systems.  In 2003, George Stathakis, the general manager, purchased Mushkin from Ramtron and converted it into a worker-owned company.  Mushkin is now owned by Avant Technology. But in July 2005, George Stathakis, the general manager, bought Mushkin from Ramtron and became the new owner and president of Mushkin.

References

External links
 

Computer companies of the United States
Computer hardware companies
Companies based in Austin, Texas
American companies established in 1994
Computer memory companies
Computer power supply unit manufacturers
Cray APP. The Cray APP (Attached Parallel Processor) was a parallel computer sold by Cray Research from 1992 onwards. It was based on the Intel i860 microprocessor and could be configured with up to 84 processors. The design was based on "computational nodes" of 12 processors interconnected by a shared bus, with multiple nodes connected to each other, memory and I/O nodes via an 8×8 crossbar switch.

The APP was marketed as a "matrix co-processor" system and required a SPARC-based host system to operate, such as the Cray S-MP. Connection to the host system was via VMEbus or HiPPI. A fully configured APP had a peak performance of 6.7 (single-precision) gigaflops.

The APP was originally designed by FPS Computing as the FPS MCP-784. FPS were acquired by Cray Research in 1991, becoming Cray Research Superservers Inc., and the MCP-784 was relaunched by Cray in 1992 as the APP.

References
 Cray Attached Parallel Processor (APP) brief, SunFLASH Vol 58 #2, October 1993.

App
Supercomputers
TCDD DE18000. TCDD DE18000 are a type of diesel-electric locomotive built for operations on Turkish State Railways by Matériel de Traction Electrique. The order was a trial for a lighter version of the DE24000, and only five units were delivered. The units were mostly used around İzmir and are now retired with the exception of DE18003 which as of  January 2024 was still active in the İzmir area.

History
During the 1970s the Turkish State Railways decided to replace their 800 steam locomotives with diesel. This quite delayed task required the delivery of more than 400 diesel units. On February 15, 1968 TCDD and MTE signed an agreement for delivery of the DE24000 and the DE18000. TCDD opted for the larger Co'Co' engine, and only five were delivered of the smaller Bo'Bo'.

External links
 Trains of Turkey page onDE 18000

Bo-Bo locomotives
Turkish State Railways diesel locomotives
Standard gauge locomotives of Turkey
Railway locomotives introduced in 1970
TCDD DE20000. TCDD DE20000 were the first diesel-electric locomotive built for operations on Turkish State Railways. Five General Electric U18C units with Cooper Bessemer engines were built in 1957–58. All the locomotives are now retired from service.

External links
 Trains of Turkey page on DE20000

General Electric locomotives
Co-Co locomotives
Turkish State Railways diesel locomotives
Standard gauge locomotives of Turkey
Railway locomotives introduced in 1957
Wong Chuk Hang station. Wong Chuk Hang () is an elevated MTR rapid transit station in Hong Kong on the eastern section of the , built on the Staunton Creek Nullah and off the old site of Wong Chuk Hang Estate in Staunton Creek (Chung Mei). The station opened on 28 December 2016 with the rest of the South Island line. 

It is named after the locality of the same name further east and serves residents in that area. The station is connected to a public transport interchange on a widened section of Heung Yip Road. A network of footbridges serves future commercial and residential areas, and the station exists as a hub to the Shum Wan area as a whole. The South Island line depot is located to the south.

Wong Chuk Hang is the fourth railway station in the territory to be built on a river, after Tuen Mun and Siu Hong stations on Tuen Mun River, and Long Ping on Yuen Long Nullah.

History
Wong Chuk Hang station was opened on 28 December 2016.

Station Artwork 
The station artwork, Huddle by Chao Harn-kae, resembles birds flying.

Station layout

This elevated station has two tracks and an island platform. Commissioned by the MTR Corporation, Aedas, as part of the engineering team led by Atkins, were the architect for the station.

Entrances/exits
A footbridge connection to various areas of Shum Wan is provided. An exit also connects the station to the planned Wong Chuk Hang Station Public Transport Interchange, for passengers to connect to other modes of public transport.

Wong Chuk Hang station has three entrances/exits. Exit B is subdivided into 3 exits and entrances. The footbridge across Wong Chuk Hang Road and Heung Yip Road, connecting the B-prefixed exits, opened on 3 April 2016.

 A1/A2: Public transport interchange in median of Heung Yip Road  (1 lift)
 B: Nam Long Shan Road, Wong Chuk Hang Road, Aberdeen, Wong Chuk Hang industrial area, Yip Kan Street, Yip Hing Street (via footbridge)  (3 lifts)
 C: The Southside

Wong Chuk Hang Depot
While the main station will take up the northern part of the former Wong Chuk Hang Estate site, an underground depot is located to the south. This depot services and maintains South Island line trains. The depot is completely sealed and is situated on sunken ground to avoid noise pollution to areas nearby.

Atop the depot, a residential estate will be developed by the MTR Corporation. It will comprise 14 blocks with about 4,700 flats, as well as a commercial element.

Future
The station is proposed to become an interchange station between the eastern and western sections of the South Island line. The platforms of the  will be built over those of the existing South Island line.

References

MTR stations on Hong Kong Island
South Island line
South Island line (West)
Wong Chuk Hang
Railway stations in Hong Kong opened in 2016
Shell–Paques process. The Shell–Paques process, also known by the trade name of Thiopaq O&G, is a gas desulfurization technology for the removal of hydrogen sulfide from natural-, refinery-, synthesis- and biogas. The process was initially named after the Shell Oil and Paques purification companies. After accession of a dedicated joint venture by the founders, Paqell B.V., the trade name for applications in the Oil & Gas industry was changed to "THIOPAQ O&G".  It is based on the biocatalytical conversion of sulfide into elemental sulfur. It operates at near-ambient conditions of temperature, about 30-40 °C, and pressure which results in inherent safety. It is an alternative to, for example, the Claus process.

Process chemistry

Each reaction can be applied individually or sequentially as dictated by the characteristics of the stream to be treated. The process consist of three main sections: An absorber (gas washing section), a bioreactor (sulfide oxidation and regeneration of washing liquid) and Sulfur handling section as shown in the figure below:

The washing step uses a dilute alkaline solution to remove hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from the sour gas according to: 
	
H2S + NaOH → NaHS + H2O
	
The loaded washing liquid is transported to a bioreactor where a biocatalyst oxidises the aqueous NaHS to elemental sulfur with about 95% selectivity according to: 
	
NaHS + ½ O2 → S + NaOH
	
Combined reaction equation: 
H2S + ½ O2 → S + H2O

The regenerated washing liquid is sent back to the washing column.
	
The controlled partial oxidation of sulfide to elemental sulfur (2) is catalyzed by naturally occurring microorganisms of the genus Halothiobacillus in the  bioreactor. These natural, living microorganisms present in the bioreactor catalyse the sulfur conversions and are, by their nature, resilient and adaptive.

In many situations the process can be used for sulfur removal and recovery. When sulfur recovery is desired, the elemental sulfur produced in the aerobic bioreactor will be separated from the aqueous effluent in a separator inside of the reactor. The excess sulfur will be removed as aqueous slurry or cake of up to 65% dry solids content. There are several options for handling this slurry and to convert it into products for sulfuric acid generation, fertiliser or fungicide.

The system is flexible and has several processing options that have ready application in the petroleum refinery or petrochemical complex for managing a variety of sulfur-containing streams including sulfidic caustic, LPG, hydrotreater offgas and fuel gas.

See also
 Flue-gas desulfurization

References

Industrial processes
Shell plc
Desulfurization
Automatic (automobile company). The Automatic Transportation Company of Buffalo, New York was a company that built an electric car in 1921. The car was a 2-seater with a wheelbase of 65" (1650 mm), and a total length of 95" (2411 mm). The Automatic had a top speed of 18 mph (29 kmh), and sold for $1200.

Automatic promised that 60 miles travel could be achieved between charging, and that the car could be parked in a 4' x 8' space. Few of the cars were sold.

References

External links
Photo

Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States
Electric vehicles introduced in the 20th century
Carriage bolt. A carriage bolt (also called coach bolt and round-head square-neck bolt) is a type of bolt. It is also known as a cup head bolt in Australia and New Zealand.

It is distinguished from other bolts by its shallow mushroom head and the fact that the cross-section of the shank, though circular for most of its length (as in other kinds of bolt), is square immediately beneath the head. This makes the bolt self-locking when it is placed through a square hole in a metal strap. This allows the fastener to be installed with only one wrench, working from the opposite end. The head of a carriage bolt is usually a shallow dome. The shank has no threads and its diameter equals the size of the square cross-section.

The carriage bolt was devised for use through an iron strengthening plate on either side of a wooden beam, the squared part of the bolt fitting into a square hole in the ironwork. It is common to use a carriage bolt on bare timber, the square section giving enough grip to prevent rotation.

The carriage bolt is used extensively in security applications, such as locks and hinges, where the bolt must be removable from one side only. The smooth, domed head and square nut below prevent the carriage bolt from being gripped and rotated from the insecure side.

Timber bolt 
Closely related to the carriage bolt is the timber bolt (also called mushroom-head bolt and dome-head bolt), meant to fasten wood to wood (rather than metal to wood), for use with large wood planks and structures. It has a domed head that is proportionally wider than that of a carriage bolt. Instead of the carriage bolt's square part of the shank immediately under the head, the timber bolt has four fillets, whose sharp corners grip the edge of the hole in the wood to prevent rotation.

Plow bolt 

The plow bolt is a flush-fitting carriage bolt, whose head is countersunk beneath the surface of the wood. The plow bolt was devised to hold replaceable plowshares to the moldboards of iron plows. The share, the fastest-wearing part of the plow, would be replaced several times over the life of the plow. Such bolts continue to be used to hold shovels onto cultivators, and cutting edges onto earthmoving implements .

See also 
 Coach screw or lag bolt, a square- or hex-headed screw with a tapered woodscrew thread.

References 

Threaded fasteners
Edmund Heckler. Edmund Heckler (2 February 1906 – 2 July 1960) was a German engineer & weapons manufacturer, born in  Tuttlingen, Germany. After completing his apprenticeship at the Mauser company in the city of Oberndorf, he attended the Württemberg State Higher Mechanical Engineering School in Esslingen from 1925. was employed by Hugo Schneider AG (HASAG), a metal processing and armaments company with approximately 50,000 employees. Heckler, who initially worked as a senior engineer, soon became one of the company's authorized officers, and was given the task of setting up branch plants in Leipzig, Berlin, Taucha and Altenburg. He later worked in the three latter plants during WWII. On December 28, 1949, together with two other Mauser engineers Theodor Koch and Alex Seidel, he founded Heckler & Koch which later developed into one of the most important German arms manufacturers in the post-war period.

References

German company founders
1906 births
1960 deaths
People from Tuttlingen
 
20th-century German businesspeople
Laboratory Unit for Computer Assisted Surgery. Laboratory Unit for Computer Assisted Surgery  is a system used for virtual surgical planning. Starting with 1998, LUCAS was developed at the University of Regensburg, Germany, with the support of the Carl Zeiss Company. The resulting surgical planning is then reproduced onto the patient by using a navigation system. In fact, LUCAS is integrated into the same platform together with the Surgical Segment Navigator (SSN), the Surgical Tool Navigator (STN), the Surgical Microscope Navigator (SMN) and the 6DOF Manipulator (or, in German, "Mehrkoordinatenmanipulator" - MKM), also from the Carl Zeiss Company.



Workflow 

Data from separate bidimensional slices generated by a CT or MRI scan are uploaded into the LUCAS system. The resulting dataset is then processed, in order to eliminate image noise, and to enhance the anatomical contours and also the general contrast of the images. The next step is to create a virtual 3D model from the gathered collection of 2D images. The bone segment that is to be repositioned is marked, on the 3D grid reconstructed model; then, the actual repositioning of that bone segment is done on the virtual model, until the optimal anatomical position is obtained. The criteria for the optimal position of the bone segment are: symmetry with the opposite side, the continuity of the normal bone contours, or the normal volume of an anatomical region (such as the Orbit. Afterwards, a textured final image is rendered. The calculated vectors for the bone segment repositioning, together with the whole virtual model are finally transferred to the Surgical Segment Navigator.

References 
 Marmulla R, Niederdellmann H: Surgical Planning of Computer Assisted Repositioning Osteotomies, Plast Reconstr Surg 104 (4): 938-944, 1999

Oral and maxillofacial surgery
Medical software
Radiology
Tomography
Computer-assisted surgery
Calcium sulfite. Calcium sulfite, or calcium sulphite, is a chemical compound, the calcium salt of sulfite with the formula CaSO3·x(H2O). Two crystalline forms are known, the hemihydrate and the tetrahydrate, respectively CaSO3·½(H2O) and CaSO3·4(H2O). All forms are white solids.  It is most notable as the product of flue-gas desulfurization.

Production 

It is produced on a large scale by flue gas desulfurization (FGD).  When coal or other fossil fuel is burned, the byproduct is known as flue gas. Flue gas often contains SO2, whose emission is often regulated to prevent acid rain.  Sulfur dioxide is scrubbed before the remaining gases are emitted through the chimney stack. An economical way of scrubbing SO2 from flue gases is by treating the effluent with Ca(OH)2 hydrated lime or CaCO3 limestone.

Scrubbing with limestone follows the following idealized reaction:
  +  →  + 
Scrubbing with hydrated lime follows the following idealized reaction:

  +  →  + 

The resulting calcium sulfite oxidizes in air to give gypsum:
 2  +  → 2 
The gypsum, if sufficiently pure, is marketable as a building material.

Uses

Drywall 
Calcium sulfite is generated as the intermediate in the production of gypsum, which is the main component of drywall. A typical US home contains 7 metric tons of such drywall gypsum board.

Food additive 
As a food additive it is used as a preservative under the E number E226. Along with other antioxidant sulfites, it is commonly used in preserving wine, cider, fruit juice, canned fruit and vegetables. Sulfites are strong reducers in solution, they act as oxygen scavenger antioxidants to preserve food, but labeling is required as some individuals might be hypersensitive.

Wood pulp production 
Chemical wood pulping is the removal of cellulose from wood by dissolving the lignin that binds the cellulose together. Calcium sulfite can be used in the production of wood pulp through the sulfite process, as an alternative to the Kraft process that uses hydroxides and sulfides instead of sulfites. Calcium sulfite was used, but has been largely replaced by magnesium and sodium sulfites and bisulfites to attack the lignin.

Gypsum 
There is a possibility to use calcium sulfite to produce gypsum by oxidizing (adding O2) it in water mixture with the manganese  (Mn2+) cation or sulfuric acid catalyzers.

Structure

X-ray crystallography shows that anhydrous calcium sulfite has a complicated polymeric structure. The tetrahydrate crystallizes as a solid solution of Ca3(SO3)2(SO4).12H2O and Ca3(SO3)2(SO3).12H2O.  The mixed sulfite-sulfate represents an intermediate in the oxidation of the sulfite to the sulfate, as is practiced in the production of gypsum. This solid solution consists of [Ca3(SO3)2(H2O)12]2+ cations and either sulfite or sulfate as the anion.  These crystallographic studies confirm that sulfite anion adopts a pyramidal geometry.

Natural occurrence
Calcium sulfite(III) hemihydrate occurs in the nature as the rare mineral hannebachite.

See also 
 Sulfite
 Magnesium sulfite
 Sodium sulfite
 Sodium bisulfite
 Sodium metabisulfite
 Campden tablet

References

Calcium compounds
Sulfites
E-number additives
CDNetworks. Founded in 2000, CDNetworks is a full-service content delivery network (CDN) which provides technology, network infrastructure, and customer services for the delivery of Internet content and applications. The company is positioning itself as a multinational provider of content delivery services, with a particular emphasis on emerging Internet markets, including South America, India and China. The company's content delivery network consists of 1,500 Point of Presence (PoPs) on five continents. Services include CDN, video acceleration, DDoS protection, cloud storage, cloud access security broker (CASB), web application firewall (WAF) and managed DNS with cloud load balancing. Key differentiators include a large number of global PoPs, good network presence in China and Russia, and high-profile clients such as Forbes, Samsung and Hyundai. CDNetworks has offices in the U.S., South Korea, China, Japan, UK and Singapore.

CDNetworks has changed their logo colours in 2018 from blue green to a multi-coloured one, adding a tagline "Accelerate, Secure, Control".

The headquarters have been relocated to Singapore at the end of 2018 from Hong Kong.

History 
On December 20, 2007, CDNetworks raised $96.5 million from Oak Investment Partners, Shinhan Private Equity and Goldman Sachs International.

On February 25, 2009, CDNetworks acquired Panther Express.

On October 21, 2011, Japanese Telco KDDI bought Content Delivery Network CDNetworks for $167 million.

On 26 March, 2017, Wangsu Science & Technology bought 100% of shares from KDDI for $185.72 million.

Initiatives 
CDNetworks participates with OpenDNS, Google Public DNS, and other CDNs in an open initiative called "The Global Internet Speedup" to improve the Internet for users around the world. This collaboration is being done through an open IETF proposed standard called "edns-client-subnet" which helps better direct content to users thereby decreasing latency, decreasing congestion, increasing transfer speeds and helping the Internet to scale faster and further.

See also 
Software as a service
List of managed DNS providers

References

External links

 Akamai & The CDN Price Wars 

Content delivery networks
Domain Name System
DDoS mitigation companies
Wyatt C. Hedrick. Wyatt Cephus Hedrick (December 17, 1888, in Chatham, Virginia – May 5, 1964, in Houston, Texas) was an American architect, engineer, and developer most active in Texas and the American South. He began his career as an engineer, working in Virginia and Texas. He started his own firm in Fort Worth, and later merged with the architecture firm of Sanguinet & Staats before buying out the interests of the senior partners.

Early life
Wyatt Cephus Hedrick was born December 17, 1888, in Chatham, Virginia, to Washington Henry and Emma Cephas (Williams) Hedrick. He matriculated at Roanoke College, gaining his bachelor's degree in 1909. He earned a degree in engineering the next year from Washington and Lee University.

Career
In 1910, Hedrick started a career in engineering, working briefly for Lane Brothers in his home state. Later that year he accepted a position at the Dallas office of Stone and Webster Engineering Corporation. He was a construction engineer for about three years.

In 1914, Hedrick started his own engineering firm in Fort Worth under the name of Wyatt C. Hedrick Construction Company.

Hedrick was accepted into the partnership of Sanguinet & Staats in 1921, an architecture firm based in Fort Worth which specialized in skyscrapers.

After a year, Hedrick began his work as an architect in Fort Worth, Texas, and three years later opened his own office. He was responsible for many of the tallest buildings in Fort Worth, and several of his works are included on the National Register of Historic Places. Fort Worth's first Art Moderne skyscraper, the Worth Theatre (1927), was designed by Hedrick while partnered with Sanguinet & Staats.

Hedrick worked mainly in a stripped-down classical style.  With his extensive university and government work, at one time his firm was the third-largest in the United States.

Hedrick is also known for his eight Texas courthouses, all of which are still standing.  They include: Austin County, Brazoria County, Coke County, Coleman County, Comanche, County, Kent County, Motley County, and Yoakum County.

Personal life
In 1918 he married Pauline Stripling. In 1925, he married Mildred Sterling, and in 1931 his father-in-law, Ross S. Sterling, became governor of Texas.

Works
A list of works by Hedrick in chronological order, with shared attribution where applicable:

One or more works in Wharton County Courthouse Historic Commercial District, Roughly bounded by the alley N of Milam St., Rusk St., Elm St. and Richmond St. Wharton, TX, NRHP-listed

References

Bibliography
 
 
  Master's thesis.

External links

Texas Courthouses on Texas Escapes.com

1888 births
1964 deaths
Architects from Texas
Roanoke College alumni
Washington and Lee University alumni
People from Chatham, Virginia
Architects from Virginia
20th-century American architects