omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Dana Ron. Dana Ron Goldreich (; born 1964) is a computer scientist, a professor of electrical engineering at the Tel Aviv University, Israel. Prof. Ron is one of the pioneers of research in property testing, and a leading researcher in that area.

Professional career
Dana Ron obtained her B.A. (1987) and M.A. (1989) in computer science from the Hebrew University in Jerusalem.  Her Ph.D. (1995), also from the Hebrew University, was in the area of machine learning. Between the years 1995-97 she was an NSF post-doctoral fellow at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). She was a Bunting fellow in 1997/8, and the Radcliffe fellow at Harvard University in 2003/4. Her research interests include sublinear-time algorithms (in particular property testing), randomized algorithms, and computational learning theory.

She is married to Oded Goldreich, who is also a computer scientist at the Weizmann Institute, and has collaborated with Goldreich on approximation algorithms.

Works

Books 
 D. Ron. Algorithmic and Analysis Techniques in Property Testing, Foundations and Trends in Theoretical Computer Science: vol. 5, no. 2, pages 73–205, 2009.
 D. Ron. Property Testing: A Learning Theory Perspective, Foundations and Trends in Machine Learning: vol. 1, no. 3, pages 307–402, 2008.

Selected publications
 N. Alon, S. Dar, M. Parnas, and D. Ron, Testing of Clustering. SIAM Review, vol. 46, no. 2, pages 285–308, 2004.
 O. Goldreich, S. Goldwasser and D. Ron, Property Testing and its connection to Learning and Approximation. Journal of the ACM, vol. 45, no. 4, pages 653–750, July 1998.
 D. Ron, Y. Singer, and N. Tishby, The Power of Amnesia: Learning Probabilistic Automata with Variable Memory Length.  Machine Learning, vol. 25, no. 2, pages 117–149, 1996.

References

External links
Home page of Dana Ron

1964 births
Living people
Israeli computer scientists
Theoretical computer scientists
Israeli women computer scientists
Academic staff of Tel Aviv University
2023 fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Paimpol–Bréhat tidal farm. The Paimpol–Bréhat tidal farm is a tidal stream turbine demonstration site, located northeast of Île-de-Bréhat near Paimpol, Brittany, France. It was initially developed by Électricité de France (EdF), initiated in 2004 and construction work began in 2008, but the project was subsequently cancelled by EdF in 2018. This project was to use OpenHydro turbines, with two briefly installed in 2016, but they were later removed.

Paimpol–Bréhat is now used as a test site, owned by EdF and managed with support from Seeneoh and Bretagne Ocean Power. In September 2022, the 2 MW three-phase AC grid connection was upgraded, allowing devices to be connected above the water without the need for divers.

The test site is about 10 km offshore and covers a rectangular area approximately 140 m × 250 m. Water depths vary across the site at 26 m to 42 m below LAT, with a tidal range of about 11.5 m. Telemac 2D modelling gives a depth averaged velocity on a medium spring tide peaks at around 2.1–2.8 m/s.

French developer HydroQuest tested a 1 MW turbine called OceanQuest at Paimpol–Bréhat between April 2019 and December 2021.

EdF OpenHydro project (2004–2018) 
The Paimpol–Bréhat tidal farm was initially developed by Électricité de France (EdF), starting in 2004. According to EdF, when completed it would be the world's largest tidal array and the world's first grid-connected tidal energy farm.

A 250 kW OpenHydro turbine called L’Arcouest was tested at the site between December 2013 and April 2014. This turbine was never planned to be grid connected. 

The tidal farm was proposed to consist of four OpenHydro turbines, 16 m diameter and rated at 2 MW each, a total of 8 MW. The turbines were assembled by DCNS in Cherbourg and installed by OpenHydro. The first turbine was tested at sea for commissioning trials in August 2011.  

The first two turbines (of a planned four) were installed in January and May 2016, but did not get connected to the grid. A 15 km long 8 MW DC export cable operating at ±5 kV was installed in 2012. To protect it from the strong currents, it is surrounded by articulated cast-iron pipe sections, with concrete mattresses added in some locations.

The two turbines were retrieved from the seabed in 2017 for replacement of components that threatened the turbine's resistance to corrosion. These turbines were never redeployed as the project was cancelled.

References

Energy infrastructure completed in 2012
Tidal power stations in France
Électricité de France
21st-century architecture in France
Victoria Bridge, Bath. Victoria Bridge in Bath, England, was built in 1836 across the River Avon. The bridge has been recognised as a Grade II* listed building.

Victoria Bridge is an important example of a suspension bridge which initially carried horses and carts but later carried cyclists and pedestrians.

Construction

Victoria Bridge is a Dredge taper bridge, a type which modern viewers often see as a hybrid between a suspension bridge and a cable-stayed bridge, built by Motley and Dredge. It has a span of  with the chains slung from Bath stone towers. The road deck is joined to the chains by iron eyebars, which, unusually, are not vertical. James Dredge who was a brewer in Bath designed the bridge to carry beer from his brewery across the river without using a ferry or having to detour through the city centre. Construction cost £1,760. He patented the 'taper principle' based on using chains rather than cables, as is now more common in suspension bridges. Dredge's bridge design was considered "a very significant yet relatively short-lived phase in suspension bridge development".

The main span chains of Victoria Bridge have 155 links each of which is  long and supports two wrought iron hangers. The deck is made of wooden planks.

Initially the bridge was used for horse-drawn carts but later only carried bicycles and pedestrians.

Closure and restoration

In October 2010  the bridge was closed to users,  because of concerns about the safety of the beams and cables. This caused criticism from cycling groups in the city. It was reopened later in October 2010, but then closed again.

Further inspections were carried out by a structural engineer in September 2011.
In November 2011 the tow-path was closed and then the navigation itself was closed to all boats.
The bridge was listed on the Heritage at Risk Register.

Restoration costs were estimated at £3 million in 2011. Emergency work to prop up either side of the bridge and apply temporary strapping took place in November 2011.  Full restoration work was originally planned to be completed by the winter of 2013.

Work on restoring the bridge started in 2014, and an internal structure was fitted to render both the bridge and the canal usable during restorations. The bridge was taken apart and rebuilt with additional steel reinforcing, and repainted dark green. It officially reopened on 15 January 2015.

References

Bridges in Somerset
Road bridges in England
Grade II* listed buildings in Bath, Somerset
Grade II* listed bridges in England
Cable-stayed bridges in England
Structures on the Heritage at Risk register in Somerset
Bridges across the River Avon, Bristol
Bridges by James Dredge
1836 establishments in England
Gemini Hummingbird. The Gemini Hummingbird is a family of American single-seat, twin-engined ultralight aircraft. Designed in 1979 and introduced in 1980, the Hummingbird was created by Ed Sweeney and produced by Gemini International. The aircraft was supplied either assembled and ready to fly, or as a kit for amateur construction.

Design and development
The aircraft was designed before the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules, but later versions were intended to specifically fit the category. The Hummingbird features a high wing, a V-tail, an open cockpit, tricycle landing gear and twin, wing-mounted engines in tractor configuration.

The aircraft is made from aluminum tubing, with its flying surfaces covered in Dacron sailcloth. Its 70% double-surface,  span wing is cable-braced from an inverted "V" kingpost on early models and is strut-braced on later versions. The pilot is accommodated in a web sling seat that allows for foot-launching, an unwritten requirement for ultralights in the USA prior to FAR 103. The controls are three-axis, but on the Sport model, the control stick activates all surfaces, including the ruddervators. The later 103 model introduced rudder pedals. The landing gear lacks suspension, but features nosewheel steering. Both models had structurally sound designs, and could maintain altitude on one engine. The more powerful Prospector engine equipped models are able to climb on one engine.

The 103 models were able to fold completely flat for easy transport or storage. They were designed to be transported on top of a car and required two people to set up. 

In 2009, Sweeney was experimenting with electric motors on one of his Hummingbirds, but no test flights were conducted.

Variants
Hummingbird Sport
Single-seat cable-braced model, powered by two  single-cylinder Husqvarna AB Partner chainsaw engines with reduction drives installed or, later, two twin-cylinder Limbach Flugmotoren engines. The Sport has an empty weight of  and a gross weight of .
Hummingbird 103
Improved, strut-braced single-seat model for FAR 103 rules, powered by two Solo 335 engines of . Was capable of folding flat for transport or storage.
Hummingbird 2
Two-seat model, with a structurally stronger airframe. It was considered a Light-Sport Aircraft instead of an ultralight, because it had two seats. Only one prototype was ever produced.

Specifications (Hummingbird 103)

See also

References

External links
Photo of Gemini Hummingbird 

1980s United States ultralight aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Hummingbird
Parasol-wing aircraft
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1979
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Encoding law. In digital communications, an encoding law is a (typically non-uniform) allocation of signal quantization levels across the possible analog signal levels in an analog-to-digital converter system. They can be viewed as a simple form of instantaneous companding. 
 
The best-known encoding laws are the μ-law and A-law encoding laws defined in the ITU-T standard G.711 for use in digital telephony, and still used to the present day.

References

Digital signal processing
Swales SD3-15. The Swales SD3-15 is an all-metal single-seat glider produced and marketed in the UK in the mid to late 1970s. It was a development of the Moore Gypsy via the Yorkshire YS 55 Consort. The aircraft was intended to appeal to flying clubs and small syndicates to whom its small size, low weight, low cost, and safe flying characteristics would be appealing.

Design and development
The SD3-15 is a cantilever, shoulder-wing monoplane of all-metal construction apart from its GRP nose and wingtips. The cockpit is enclosed by a large, moulded canopy that hinges to starboard. The fuselage is of semi-monocoque construction, built on four longerons, and the constant-chord wings are built on metal and polystyrene ribs. The undercarriage consists of a non-retractable monowheel and a tailskid. The trailing-edge flaps also function as airbrakes. 

The prototype SD3-15 was equipped with a V-tail, but a subsequent development was given a T-tail. 

In 1973, Yorkshire Sailplanes acquired the manufacturing rights to the Moore Gypsy from The Birmingham Guild.  They extended the Gypsy's 12-metre wingspan to 13.5 metres and sold a small number as the YS 55 Consort. When Yorkshire Sailplanes went bankrupt the following year, Swales Sailplanes took up the rights. Construction of a prototype, designated SD3-13V began in September 1974 and it flew the following March.

Swales now further extended the wingspan to 15 metres (an option that had been in the Gypsy design from the outset) and this version first flew in July 1975 as the SD3-15V. The prototype of the T-tail SD3-15T followed in December 1976. 

By mid-1979, Swales had built six SD3-15Vs, and one production SD3-15T was under construction. By this time, aircraft were only being built to order, and only the SD3-15T version was still being offered.

Variants
Swales SD3-15V
V-tail version, first flown March 1975. 6 built by 1982
Swales SD3-15T
T-tail version, first flown December 1976

Specifications (SD3-15T)

References

Bibliography
 
 
 
 

1970s British sailplanes
Shoulder-wing aircraft
V-tail aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1975
Tampa Bay Automobile Museum. The Tampa Bay Automobile Museum, located in Pinellas Park, Florida in the Tampa Bay Area, displays historic automobiles from the 20th century. All of the vehicles displayed are from the collection of Alain Cerf, a French entrepreneur and the Cerf family.

The collection is focused on innovative engineering. This includes rare front-wheel drive cars from 1899-1937, Tatra air-cooled V8 rear engine cars, rear-engine Mercedes-Benz, Citroën cars, the only 1965 original all wheel drive Ford Mustang, electric and hybrid cars from the early 1900's, early two and valveless four stroke engines, the only surviving car by French engineer Émile Claveau, and a unique working full-scale replica of the first self-propelled mechanical vehicle, the steam powered Fardier of Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot.

Gallery

See also
List of automobile museums
List of transport museums

References

Automobile museums in Florida
Museums in Pinellas County, Florida
Tourist attractions in the Tampa Bay area
GCR Class 5. The GCR Class 5 (LNER Class J62) was a class of twelve  steam tank locomotives designed by Harry Pollitt (engineer) for work in docks operated by the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway (MS&LR) later renamed Great Central Railway (GCR).

History
These locomotives were designed by Pollitt for working at Grimsby and other dock locations.  (No. 891 was the last engine to be built by the MS&LR, and No. 892 the first engine to be built by the GCR both in 1897.) They passed to the London and North Eastern Railway at the grouping in 1923 and received the LNER classification J62. Withdrawals began in 1935, but there were three examples surviving in 1948 which passed to British Railways ownership. The last example was withdrawn in 1951.

One example (No. 889) was rebuilt in 1903 as an  but reverted to its original form in 1918 after a collision.

Bibliography

External links
 The Pollitt J62 (GCR Class 5) 0-6-0ST Locomotives— LNER Encyclopedia

05
0-6-0ST locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1897
Scrapped locomotives
Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain

Shunting locomotives
Bridge in Porter Township. Bridge in Porter Township is a historic lenticular truss bridge spanning Pine Creek at Porter Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania.  It was built in 1889, and is a single-span bridge that measures  long and  wide.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

See also
List of bridges documented by the Historic American Engineering Record in Pennsylvania

References

External links

Road bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania
Bridges completed in 1889
Bridges in Lycoming County, Pennsylvania
Historic American Engineering Record in Pennsylvania
National Register of Historic Places in Lycoming County, Pennsylvania
Lenticular truss bridges in the United States
Luita. The Luita plant will be the largest copper and cobalt processing plant in Africa, and the largest cobalt facility in the world. It is being built in modules by the Central African Mining and Exploration Company (CAMEC) in Katanga Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo.

The Luita plant is designed to process copper and cobalt concentrate from Mukondo Mountain, which may be the richest cobalt reserve in the world. In July 2008 CAMEC said the resource estimate at Mukondo was 70 million tons of ore containing 1.5 million tons of copper and 500,000 tonnes of cobalt. The cobalt grade averages 1.2%, an exceptionally high concentration.
The ore is concentrated at the Dense Media Separation (DMS) plant at Kakanda before being trucked  to Luita.
In February 2008 CAMEC and their partner, Dan Gertler's Prairie International, announced that the Mukondo Mountain operations had restarted.

In July 2008 CAMEC said the Luita facility, due to be completed later that year, would be the largest of its kind in the world.
The target was to produce 100,000 tonnes per year of copper cathode. 
By the end of March, 2008, CAMEC had invested $200 million in Luita, and had three SX/EW copper cathode trains in operation, and a small cobalt concentrator. Eventually there were plans for nine copper cathode trains and one cobalt train, each  wide and  in length. The under-roof plant will be  in size. 

When running at full production, the plant was planned to produce 12,000 tons per year of cobalt cathode at 99.9% purity, about one third of total global production of cobalt in 2008.
However, in July 2009 CAMEC announced a long term agreement under which CAMEC would deliver its entire annual production of cobalt in concentrate from Mukondo Mountain to Zhejiang Galico Cobalt & Nickel Materials of China. At that time production was running at between 6,000 and 8,000 tons per year of cobalt in concentrate.

Researchers have identified a cleaner, greener method to extract cobalt for batteries from waste materials.

References

Copper mining in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Advanced Aviation Husky. The Advanced Aviation Husky, Hi-Nuski and Coyote are a family of American ultralight aircraft that was designed and produced by Advanced Aviation. The aircraft was supplied as a kit for amateur construction and introduced in 1978.

Design and development
The Husky predates the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules, but complies with them, including the category's maximum empty weight of . The aircraft has a standard empty weight of . It features a cable-braced high-wing, a single-seat, open cockpit, tricycle landing gear and a single engine in pusher configuration. The aircraft is described as a "RipSilver", an unlicensed clone of the Eipper Quicksilver, which it closely resembles.

The Husky is made from aluminum tubing, with the wings and tail surfaces covered in Dacron sailcloth. Its  span wing is cable braced from a single kingpost. The pilot is accommodated with a sling seat, suspended from the wing. The control system is unconventional with pitch controlled by weight shift, while roll is controlled by wing-mounted spoilers controlled by cables attached to the pilot's seat and actuated by weight shift. The tail surfaces are fixed.

The Husky was later developed into the Advanced Aviation Cobra.

Variants
Husky
Version with a Cuyuna 430D direct drive engine of . Also called the Hi-Nusky.
Coyote
Version with a Cuyuna 215 reduction drive engine of .

Specifications (Husky)

References

External links
Photo of a Husky in flight

1970s United States ultralight aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Husky
ISO 10218. ISO 10218 is an international standard for industrial robot safety, developed by ISO/TC 184/SC 2 "Robots and robotic devices" in parallel with the European Committee for Standardization in 2011. It consists of two parts:
 Part 1: Robots
 Part 2: Robot systems and integration
As a European standard it has the designation EN ISO 10218-1 and -2 (not to be mixed with EN 10218).

ISO/TS 15066 was published in 2016 to address the new field of safety requirements for cobots.

Revisions to the original standard have been planned by the ISO/TC 299 committee. They are expected to be released in 2021.

References 

10218
Antonio Nieto. Antonio Nieto (born September 1967)  is an Earth Systems and Mining engineer.

Career
Prof. Dr. Nieto is Director of the FLSmidth Mining and Minerals Technology and Research Center located in Salt Lake City, USA. Previously, Dr. Nieto served as Professor and JCI Chair in Minerals Resources and Reserves at The School of Mining Engineering at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg and as Associate Professor at Penn State, teaching courses on mining engineering, earth systems, economics engineering, computing modeling, sampling methods, and geostatistics. Prior to his academic and research career Nieto worked as a mining engineer in underground mining and surface mining.

Nieto graduated as mining engineer from Guanajuato School of Mines in 1990. He holds a master's degree (1997) in Geostatistics from Ecole Des Mines de Paris (Paris Tech), and a MS (1995) and PhD (2002) in Earth-Systems Engineering from Colorado School of Mines. He was nominated in 2017 as member of the Mexico's National Academy of Engineering.

Nieto specializes in ore resource and reserve estimation and mining operations optimization. Dr. Nieto is often interviewed by news networks and weekly news magazines such as Newsweek on strategic minerals, mine safety, and technology topics.

Nieto has published more than 80 technical papers.

See also
School of Mines
Antonio Nieto

References

External links
 https://web.archive.org/web/20151222081411/http://www.antonionieto.com/
 http://www.antonionieto.com/publications.html

Mining engineers
1967 births
Living people
Pennsylvania State University faculty
Scio Diamond Technology Corporation. Scio Diamond Technology Corporation was a synthetic diamond manufacturer that produced near flawless single-crystal diamonds for gemstone and industrial applications, in Greenville, South Carolina.  The company produced chemical vapor deposition (CVD) gem-sized synthetic diamond crystals using processes pioneered by Apollo Diamond, and had acquired Apollo Diamond's technology and assets including several US patents on the processes.

Products 

Scio's so-called "cultured diamonds", or synthetic diamonds, although not of natural origin, are real diamonds, and thus they have the same physical and optical properties as diamonds formed by geological processes.  The company's controlled manufacturing processes enabled it to produce very high-quality, high-purity, high volume, single-crystal colorless, near colorless and fancy colored diamonds to suit a variety of industrial and gemstone applications.

Synthetic diamonds are often viewed as "green" as they are not mined, avoiding the controversy surrounding blood diamonds by ensuring ethical sourcing that does not finance war or violence.

Alleged fraud and embezzlement 

In 2017, the United States Department of Justice announced the indictment of Edward S. Adams, the chairman of the board of directors of the company, with "orchestrating an elaborate fraud scheme to embezzle millions of dollars of investors' funds."

Delisting 
In August of 2019, the stock (under symbol SCIO) was delisted by the SEC after the company failed to file any financial reports for over two years.

See also 
 List of synthetic diamond manufacturers

References

External links 
 

Synthetic diamond