omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Jason (ROV). Jason is a two-body remotely operated vehicle (ROV) designed, built, and operated by the National Deep Submergence Laboratory of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI). Construction of Jason began in 1982 and was first launched in 1988, redesigned in 2002 as the second iteration of the ROV (Jason II). The ROV allows scientists and explorers to have access to the seafloor without leaving the deck of a ship.

As of 2020, Jason has completed 147 cruises with over 1200 dives and over 16,000 hours of dive time.

Construction and Equipment 

Development on Jason/Medea began in 1982, with the goal of removing constraints of human operated vehicles such as Alvin. Alvin only had 3-4 hours of time on the seafloor, required extensive and expensive planning for safety purposes, and required a sophisticated handling system for such a large vehicle.

Jason'''s original commission was in 1988, with a deployment at Hood Canal in Washington state, USA. The first-generation of the ROV was involved in over 200 launches until its retirement in 2001. The second-generation ROV, called the Jason II, had its sea trials in July 2002 at Nubbin Seamount in the Cascadia basin. In 2016, Jason was upgraded with a new frame, tether, recovery system, and skids that increased the payload by several thousand pounds.

A 10-kilometer (6-mile) electro-optical-mechanical tether delivers electrical power and commands from the ship through Medea and down to Jason, which then returns data and live video imagery. Medea serves as a shock absorber, buffering Jason from the movements of the ship, while providing lighting and a bird’s eye view of the ROV during seafloor operations.Jason is equipped with sonar imaging as well as video, still, and electronic cameras and appropriate lighting gear. It carries precision navigation equipment and sensors for depth, vehicle attitude (tilt), and altitude from the seafloor. Jason's manipulator arms can collect samples that may be put in a small basket attached to the vehicle or, for heavier items, on an attached "elevator" platform that carries them to the surface.Jason, while not requiring an entire ship for operations, does require modular workshop and control vans for operations and maintenance on any vessel. In addition, the ROV requires an overboard handling system such as a crane or A-frame, winch system, and data center be installed on the vessel.

 Trivia 

A prototype of Jason called Jason Jr. was used with Alvin to explore Titanic in 1986. Jason Jr. was lost at sea in 1991.Jason and Medea were named after the married characters of Greek mythology.

In late summer 2021, two other ROVs, Hercules and Argus, were lost when the ship tether broke while deployed off the coast of Victoria Island. Jason'' happened to be fewer than 200 miles away, and managed to recover them within 24 hours of arriving at the other vessel.

Gallery

References

External links
 http://www.whoi.edu/marops/vehicles/jason/index.html
 ''Jason'''s history

Remotely operated underwater vehicles
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Lane Avenue Bridge. The Lane Avenue Bridge is a cable-stayed bridge over the Olentangy River in the American city of Columbus, Ohio. Designed by Jones-Stuckey Ltd., the construction was completed on November 14, 2003. The bridge is  in length, carrying six  wide lanes for vehicle traffic, as well as two 3.5 meter sidewalks. The cable stayed design was chosen for aesthetic reasons, as well as having a smaller potential for environmental degradation on the river environment. The anchorages for the cables, at 47 tons (104,000 lbs), are noted as being the heaviest single pieces of steel ever to be galvanized. Total price for the project was US$15.6 million with the following funding sources:

 $5 million from the Ohio Public Works Commission
 $5 million from the Federal Highway Administration
 $3.2 million from the Franklin County Engineer's Office
 $2.4 million from the City of Columbus

Previously, traffic on Lane Avenue was carried by a three-lane earth-filled arch bridge, which opened in 1919. By 1998, it was determined that the bridge was deteriorating; thus a replacement was needed. Construction on the new bridge started on February 27, 2002, with the old bridge being demolished on November 25 of the same year, after the final home football game at Ohio Stadium, nearby.

References

Further reading

External links

Bridges completed in 2003
Cable-stayed bridges in the United States
Bridges in Columbus, Ohio
Road bridges in Ohio
Steel bridges in the United States
Transportation buildings and structures in Franklin County, Ohio
Mirsad-1. The Mirsad-1 (Arabic: مرصاد, English: "Observation post"), known in Iran as the Ababil-T, is a designation for a small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) used for reconnaissance purposes by the Lebanese militant group Hezbollah in the 2000s, where it entered Israel on two occasions, in 2004 and 2005.

The Mirsad-1 is not a Hezbollah-designed UAV. Instead, it is a name given by Hezbollah to existing Iranian UAVs provided to the group, namely the twin-tail Ababil drones. Before 2006, Hezbollah acquired up to eight such drones from Iran. Reports state that up to 30 Hezbollah personnel also received training on operating the Mirsad at the Iranian Revolutionary Guards' bases near Isfahan, Iran. Hassan Nasrallah, who was Secretary-General of Hezbollah, boasted about the drones, saying that they "can be laden with a quantity of explosives of up to 40 to 50 kilograms" and can reach "deep" into Israel.

In 2024, during the Israel–Hezbollah conflict, the Mirsad-1 drone breached Israeli defenses and targeted an IDF military base in Binyamina, leaving 4 soldiers killed and more than 60 people injured, in what was described as the "biggest attack on Israel since the October 7 massacre".

Use

The first Mirsad-1 flight into Israeli airspace occurred mid-morning on November 7, 2004. The drone flew at low level from Lebanon south over the western Galilee town of Nahariyya, then turned and flew back north, over the Mediterranean sea, having spent up to half an hour in Israeli airspace.

The second flight took place on April 11, 2005, and was a short, 18 mile incursion. The drone had crossed back into Lebanese territory by the time Israeli fighters could be scrambled to intercept.

In 2024, the Mirsad-1 drone was again used by Hezbollah. During the Israel–Hezbollah conflict, the Mirsad-1 drone breached Israeli defenses and targeted an IDF military base in Binyamina-Giv'at Ada, leaving 4 soldiers killed and more than 60 people injured, in what was described as the "biggest attack on Israel since the October 7 massacre".

References

Details, maps and images from the 2004 Israeli overflight

2000s military reconnaissance aircraft 
Unmanned military aircraft
Twin-boom aircraft
XGAM-71 Buck Duck. The Convair XGAM-71 Buck Duck was an air-launched decoy missile that was developed by Convair in the early 1950s.  It was intended to have the same radar signature as the Strategic Air Command's B-36 bomber, thereby allowing it to disrupt the enemy's air defenses and dilute their effort to shoot down an incoming bomber fleet.

Convair built the first prototype using its own funds, but the company received an official development contract from the United States Air Force on 16 August 1954.  The USAF's Materiel Command project designation for the program was MX-2224.  When the Air Force decided to put the project into production, it received the designation GAM-71.

As initially envisioned by the Air Force, one B-36 in the-then typical three-plane attack formation would be filled with up to seven GAM-71s apportioned within its three bomb bays.  A mixture of Ducks and other weapons was also possible, although the Air Force did not specify that it intended to use mixed loads.

To fit in the bomb bay of a B-36, the GAM-71 was relatively small; its wings were folded when it was stowed in the bay.  To mimic the radar cross-section of the B-36, it carried internal radar reflectors.

In February 1955, unpowered glide tests of XGAM-71 prototypes began using a modified B-29 Superfortress as the mothership.  However, the program was delayed due to funding issues.  Convair also had higher priorities.  A total of seven flights were conducted before the program was cancelled in January 1956, an event that researcher Dennis Jenkins attributes to the B-36's anticipated phase-out by decade's end.

Specifications

See also

References

GAM-071
1950s United States special-purpose aircraft
Decoy missiles of the United States
Unmanned military aircraft of the United States
Rocket-powered aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Abandoned military rocket and missile projects of the United States
Aircraft first flown in 1955
Lifting hook. A lifting hook is a device for grabbing and lifting loads by means of a device such as a hoist or crane. A lifting hook is usually equipped with a safety latch to prevent the disengagement of the lifting wire rope sling, chain or rope to which the load is attached.

A hook may have one or more built-in pulley sheaves as a block and tackle to multiply the lifting force.

See also

References 

 American Society of Mechanical Engineers: ASME B30.10 "Hooks" (2014).

Lifting equipment
Open specifications. An open specification is a specification created and controlled, in an open process, by an association or a standardization body intending to achieve interoperability and interchangeability. An open specification is not controlled by a single company or individual or by a group with discriminatory membership criteria. Copies of Open Specifications are available free of charge or for a moderate fee and can be implemented under reasonable and non-discriminatory licensing (RAND) terms by all interested parties. 

Specifications should not be confused with standards.

Many standards and specification are touted as open while falling short in practice. Many formal bodies charge per-copy fees for the document in order to defer the operating costs of the working group. This is rarely seen as negating the open status of the product, although free electronic distribution is usually seen as preferable.

Advantages
 As there is no restriction among traders which have specific trademark, any traders can apply material satisfying open specifications, hence it creates competition among manufacturers and suppliers.
 Progress of work does not suffer due to short supply of materials.
 Similar kind of material can be procured at competitive rate.
 Reduction of transportation chargers and delivery time.
 Quality of material standardised which results in private parties select materials depending on its quality.

References
MBASE. Model-Based Architecture and Software Engineering (MBASE) in software engineering is a software development process developed by Barry Boehm and Dan Port in the late 1990s. MBASE focuses on ensuring that a project's product models (architecture, requirements, source code, etc.), process models (tasks, activities, milestones), property models (cost, schedule, performance, dependability), and success models (stakeholder win-win, IKIWISI - I'll Know It When I See It, business case) are consistent and mutually enforcing.

MBASE is an approach to the development of software systems that integrates the system's process (PS), product (PD), property (PY) and success (SS) models, models that are documented in the following system definition elements (also referred to as “artifacts” or “deliverables”):

Operational Concept Description (OCD)
System and Software Requirements Definition (SSRD)
System and Software Architecture Description (SSAD)
Life Cycle Plan (LCP)
Feasibility Rationale Description (FRD)
Construction, Transition, Support (CTS) plans and reports
Risk-driven prototypes
The essence of the LeanMBASE approach is to develop the system definition elements concurrently, through iterative refinement, using the risk-driven, three-anchor point, Win–Win Spiral approach defined in Boehm's Anchoring the Software Process.

History
Over the three years (1995 to 1998) of developing digital library products for the libraries at University of Southern California (USC), Barry Boehm and Dan Port had been evolving an approach called Model-Based (System) Architecture and Software Engineering (MBASE).

See also
Model-driven engineering (i.e. OMG's MDA applied in the Platform/Technology-Independent Model (PIM/TIM) and Platform/Technology-Specific Model (PSM/TSM) in MBASE's SSAD)

References
USC Center for Software Engineering (CSE) MBASE Research
Barry Boehm: Anchoring the Software Process
Barry Boehm and Dan Port: Conceptual Modeling Challenges for Model-Based Architecting and Software Engineering (MBASE)
Barry Boehm, et al.: Guidelines for Lean Model-Based (System) Architecting and Software Engineering (LeanMBASE)

External links
Barry Boehm, David M. Wong, and Raffi Tikidjian: Reconciling LeanMBASE with Role-based Agility

Software development process
Lockwood Aircraft. The Lockwood Aircraft Corporation is an ultralight aircraft manufacturer located in Sebring, Florida.

Leza-Lockwood was started by ultralight pioneer Phil Lockwood after the National Geographic Society asked him to design a camera plane to film in the Ndoki Rain Forest in the northern Congo Basin. Lockwood wanted a plane that would allow an engine failure in the jungle so he leaned towards a twin engine. The twin engine design required a huge vertical stabilizer which required a big-torsion resistant fuselage tail. The resulting concept was the Aircam.

Phil Lockwood sought funding from Antonio Leza to form the Leza-Lockwood Company with the intention of making the Aircam kit available to the public.  During the development only two engineers, Michael Schwartz and Pedro Gonzalez, worked for Leza-Lockwood.

In 2007, Lockwood Aircraft, a new company formed by Phil Lockwood, purchased all design rights, inventory and tooling from the prior owner Antonio Leza.

References

Aircraft
Lockwood Aircam
Lockwood Drifter

External links
 Manufacturers web page

Lockwood Aircraft Corporation
Companies based in Florida

de:Leza-Lockwood Aircam
Lurie Biomedical Engineering Center. The Ann and Robert H. Lurie Biomedical Engineering Building officially opened in August 2006. It was part of an expansion of the University of Michigan Biomedical Engineering Department (BME). The building houses researchers previously spread through several different University of Michigan campus locations.

The project consists of  of new construction in the form of an addition, with  of renovated space in an existing building. Programs in the facility emphasize cellular and molecular biotechnologies. The addition contains research laboratory and support space. The renovation provides wet and dry teaching labs, classrooms, a computer classroom, support spaces, conference rooms, meeting rooms, faculty offices, a kitchen, and clerical support spaces.

References
  The University Record Article on the Lurie Building
  Biomedical Engineering at the University of Michigan

University of Michigan campus
2006 establishments in Michigan
Test & Measurement World. Test & Measurement World () was a magazine published from January 1981 to July 2012 and website that was stopped in June 2013 by UBM Electronics, a division of United Business Media. Former owner Reed Business Information sold the magazine to Canon Communications in February 2010; in October 2010 Canon Communications was acquired by United Business Media.

Magazine
Test & Measurement World served the information needs of engineers in the electronic original equipment market (EOEM), which includes manufacturers of test equipment, medical equipment, aircraft, and aerospace, automotive, consumer electronics, and other products and services, as well as engineers in the electronic test, measurement, and inspection industries. Engineers can access technical information geared for on-the-job application, as well as industry news, coverage of the latest standards and technologies, application notes, product specifications, how-to articles, industry events, blogs, and contests. Over 54,000 individuals in engineering management, engineering technical/staff, and corporate and general management rely on Test & Measurement World to keep them up-to-date on current developments, regulatory requirements, trends, and innovations in the test and measurement marketplace.

The magazine was initially based in Boston. The Director of content  was Patrick Mannion, with the editorial offices located in Manhasset, New York, USA.

From 1991 to 2012 Test & Measurement World presented an annual "Best in Test Product" awards to honor innovative new products and services in the electronics test and measurement industry. Several other awards are also presented including the Test of Time award and the Test Engineer of the Year award.

On June 12, 2012, UBM Electronics announced plans to launch a newly redesigned Test & Measurement World website. The objective of the new site, according to Patrick Mannion, is to better serve the needs of Test & Measurement World'''s community of electronics design and test engineers, developers, and industry-related management through an interactive, two-way experience and dialog around key areas of design and test, while providing more opportunities to learn from – and contribute to – the site's vast array of highly technical content, regular blogs on hot topics, networking opportunities, webinars, courses, and tools. With the July website relaunch UBM Electronics will shutter the print version of the brand, making a July/August combined issue the last issue.

On April 9, 2013, UBM announced that Test & Measurement World'' online (TMWorld.com) would shut down and the domain would redirect to the new Test & Measurement Design Center at their EDN.com domain.

Notes

References
Biotech Media's review of Test and Measurement World

Business magazines published in the United States
Defunct magazines published in the United States
Magazines established in 1981
Magazines disestablished in 2012
Magazines published in San Francisco
Professional and trade magazines
Magazines published in Boston
Hawker Danecock. The Hawker Danecock biplane was developed from the Hawker Woodcock for the Danish air force and naval service.

Design and development
In 1925 the Danish Government notified Hawker that they would order three aircraft similar to the Woodcock, but with certain improvements. This resulted in Sydney Camm making minor changes to the wings and cockpit area. Compared to the Woodcock II, the Danecock had unequal span wings, a slightly lengthened fuselage, a 385 hp (287 kW) Armstrong Siddeley Jaguar IV engine and an armament of two  Madsen machine guns. The first aircraft was flown on 18 December 1925 by George Bulman with all three aircraft delivered in February 1926.

Operational history
After receiving the Hawker-built aircraft, Denmark obtained a licence to produce more Danecocks. This version, named the Dankok, was built in 1927 at the Danish Royal Naval Dockyard (Orlogsvaerftet) as the Orlogsvaerftet L.B.II. A total of 12 more were manufactured. One aircraft (a Hawker-build) broke the Scandinavian altitude record, reaching 28,208 ft (8,598 m). The Danecock/Dankok served until the mid-1930s when they were replaced by Hawker Nimrods. An example of the Dankok still exists in the Danish Aircraft Museum.

Operators

Danish Army Air Service (Hærens Flyvertropper)
Danish Naval Air Service (Marinens Flyvevæsen)

Specifications

See also

References

1920s British fighter aircraft
Danecock
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1925
Cal Henderson. Callum James Henderson-Begg (born 17 January 1981), known as Cal Henderson, is a British computer programmer and author based in San Francisco.

Education
Henderson attended Sharnbrook Upper School and Community College, and Birmingham City University where he graduated with a degree in software engineering in 2002.

Career 
Henderson is best known as the co-founder and chief technology officer at Slack, as well as co-owning and developing the online creative community B3ta with Denise Wilton and Rob Manuel; being the chief software architect for the photo-sharing application Flickr (originally working for Ludicorp and then Yahoo); and writing the book Building Scalable Web Sites for O'Reilly Media.

He has also worked for EMAP as their technical director of special web projects and is responsible for writing City Creator among many other websites, services and desktop applications. Cal was the co-founder and VP of engineering at Tiny Speck, the company whose internal tool transitioned into Slack.

Henderson's connection to Stewart Butterfield and Slack began through a game developed by Butterfield's first company, Ludicorp, called Game Neverending. He ran a fan website dedicated to the game and broke into an internal Ludicorp mailing list. Instead of repercussions, Butterfield hired Henderson to work for his company.

Personal life 
Henderson is color blind, and has worked on applications to make the web more accessible to the color blind. He is also a frequent contributor to open-source software projects and runs a number of utility websites, such as Unicodey, to make certain programming tasks easier.

Politics 
In August 2022, Henderson contributed $50,000 to The Next 50, a liberal political action committee (PAC).

References

External links 

 Personal website
 GitHub contributions
 2006 Future of Web Apps Talk

1981 births
British bloggers
Living people
Web developers
Computer programmers
People educated at Sharnbrook Academy
Peroxydisulfuric acid. Peroxydisulfuric acid is an inorganic compound with a chemical formula . It is also called Marshall's acid after Professor Hugh Marshall, who discovered it in 1891.

Structure and bonding
This oxoacid features sulfur in its +6 oxidation state and a peroxide group. Sulfur adopts the usual tetrahedral geometry.

Synthesis 
The acid is prepared by the reaction of chlorosulfuric acid with hydrogen peroxide:

Another method is the electrolysis of moderately concentrated sulfuric acid (60-70%) with platinum electrodes at high current density and voltage:

H2SO4 + H2O → H3O+ + HSO4− (dissociation of sulfuric acid)
2 HSO4− → H2S2O8 + 2 e− (E0 = +2.4V) (bisulfate oxidation)
2 H2SO4 → H2S2O8 + H2 (overall reaction)
3 H2O → O3 + 6 H+ (ozone produced as a side product)

Uses
Peroxydisulfuric acid is a precursor to several salts including sodium peroxydisulfate, potassium peroxydisulfate, and ammonium peroxydisulfate. These salts are used to initiate the polymerization of acrylonitrile, styrene, and related monomers. This application exploits the tendency of the peroxydisulfate anion to undergo homolysis to produce radicals. They are also used as cleaning of circuit boards.

See also
 Peroxymonosulfuric acid (Caro's acid)
 Piranha solution

References

Hydrogen compounds
Peroxy acids
Persulfates
Sulfur oxoacids
Ball and chain. A ball and chain (also known as leg irons) is a physical restraint device historically used to bind prisoners of both adolescent and adult ages. Their use was prevalent in the Americas. From the 17th century until as late as the mid-20th century this form of punishment was often used in conjunction with other methods of confinement. 

A type of shackle, the ball and chain is designed so that the weight of the iron ball at the end of the short chain restricts and limits the pace at which its wearer is able to move, making any attempt at escape much more difficult. The weight of the ball would typically be determined by the court, typically ranging from five to twenty-five pounds (2.27 - 11.34 kg).

See also

Electronic tagging

References

Physical restraint
Iron objects