omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Boe-Bot. BOE–Bot is short for Board of Education robot. It is the trade name of a robot kit that is used in junior high, high school and college robotics classes. It consists of a main circuit board (the Board of Education) and breadboard, a plug–in BASIC Stamp microcontroller, two servo motors to drive the wheels, and an aluminum chassis that the parts bolt onto.  Students can use Erector set parts, Lego blocks, and additional servos to build custom projects. The BOE-bot has been manufactured and sold by Parallax Inc since 1998.

Main components
The green detachable main circuit, mounted on the top of the robot is called the Board of Education. The microcontroller which plugs into a socket on the green circuit board is called the BASIC Stamp . The BASIC Stamp is programmed in PBASIC. The rear wheel is a drilled polyethylene ball held in place with a cotter pin. Wheels are machined to fit on the servo spline and held in place with a screw. The BASIC Stamp is easy to program. The Boe–Bot is small, approximately four inches wide, and runs on four AA batteries. There is no soldering required for construction.

Features

The Boe–Bot is a robot that can be used in a variety of ways including combining Microsoft Robotics Developer Studio software with the Boe–Bot to control the robot's movements. The BOE–Bot is programmed using the PBASIC language.

References

External links
Parallax homepage
Official Boe–Bot information page

Parallax, Inc. products
Entertainment robots
Robot kits
Rolling robots
2000s robots
Robots of the United States
Stewart Nelson. Stewart Nelson is an American mathematician and programmer from The Bronx who co-founded Systems Concepts.

From a young age, Nelson was tinkering with electronics, aided and abetted by his father who was a physicist that had become an engineer. Stewart attended Poughkeepsie High School, graduating in the spring of 1963. From his first few days of High School, Stewart displayed his talents for hacking the international telephone trunk lines, along with an uncanny skill for picking combination locks, although this was always done as innocent entertainment. He simply loved the challenge of seeing how quickly he could accomplish this feat. His quirky sense of humor was always visible, as was his disdain for any rule that got in the way of his gaining knowledge. Stewart was an inspiration to the school's Tech-elec Club, as well as a ringleader in the founding of the school's pirate radio station.

Nelson enrolled at MIT in 1963 and quickly became known for hooking up the AI Lab's PDP-1 (and later the PDP-6) to the telephone network, making him one of the first phreakers. Nelson later accomplished other feats like hard-wiring additional instructions into the PDP-1. Nelson was hired by Ed Fredkin's Information International Inc. at the urging of Marvin Minsky to work on PDP-7 programs at the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory.

Nelson was known as a brilliant software programmer. He was influential in LISP, the assembly instructions for the Digital Equipment Corporation PDP, and a number of other systems.

The group of young hackers was known for working on systems after hours. One night, Nelson and others decided to rewire MIT's PDP-1 as a prank. Later, Margaret Hamilton tried to use the DEC-supplied DECAL assembler on the machine and it crashed repeatedly.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
American mathematicians
American computer programmers
Artificial intelligence people
Digital Equipment Corporation people
People from the Bronx
Motive power. Motive power may refer to:

 In thermodynamics, natural agents such as water or steam, wind or electricity, that do work
 In mechanics, the mechanical energy associated with the motion and position of an object
 In physics, a synonym for power
 In mechanical engineering, the source of mechanical power of a propulsion system

It may also refer to:

 Motive power, a colloquial term for a railway locomotive
 Motive Power, an Australian railway magazine
 Motive power depot, a railway running shed
 Electric Motive Power, an English electric car
 MotivePower, a subsidiary of Wabtec
Viktor Kirpichov. Viktor Lvovich Kirpichov (; , Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire – , Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire) was a  Russian engineer, physicist, and educational organizer, known especially for his work on applied and structural mechanics as well as for establishing the foundations for technical education in the Russian Empire.

Early biography 
Viktor Lvovich Kirpichov belonged to Russian nobility from St. Petersburg. He graduated from the Polotsk military school (1862) and St.Michael artillery school in Saint Petersburg (1863). In 1863–1870 he was in the faculty of Kronstadt military academy where he taught material science and mechanics. In 1873 he was a postdoc student of Gustav Kirchhoff in Germany. After that, until his move to Ukraine in 1885, he was a professor at Saint Petersburg Technological Institute. In 1882, he was responsible for investigation of the Borki train disaster.

University founder in the south of the Russian Empire  
Viktor Kirpichov is the most widely known in modern-day Ukraine as the founder and first rector of two prominent technical universities in this country (then a part of the Russian Empire): 
 Kharkov Polytechnic Institute of Emperor Alexander III (a rector in 1885–1898) 
 Kiev Polytechnic Institute of Emperor Alexander II (a rector in 1898–1902)
Founding these universities was a part of wide program of technical education in the Russian Empire set up by Dmitriy Mendeleev. Professor Kirpichov was a prominent provider of this program serving as a 
member of both a Working Committee for elaborating the project of common plan for professional education in the Russian Empire (1884), and the Committee for higher education (1897).

USA visit 
In 1893, Kirpichov was invited to USA, where he was an expert at the Chicago world's fair and visited numerous engineering facilities.

Later years 
During his last years, Professor Kirpichov returned to Saint Petersburg, where he taught applied mechanics in Saint Petersburg Technological Institute. He remained a Honored Professor of Kiev Polytechnic Institute until the end of his life.

He was buried at the Lutheran Volkovo Cemetery, Saint Petersburg.

References

Biography

Engineers from Saint Petersburg
Academic staff of Military Engineering-Technical University
1845 births
1913 deaths
Engineers from the Russian Empire
Physicists from the Russian Empire
Kyiv Polytechnic Institute rectors
Privy Councillor (Russian Empire)
Academic staff of the Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology
Nichicon. is a manufacturer of capacitors of various types, and is one of the largest manufacturers of capacitors in the world, headquartered in Karasuma Oike, Nakagyō-ku, Kyoto, Japan. In 1950, it separated from the Nii Works Co., established itself as Kansai-Nii Works and completed its first factory by 1956. In 1961, it adopted the Nichicon name and has been using it, or a variant thereof, ever since.

In 2011 and 2012 Nichicon spun off several major factories into independent subsidiaries, and established representative branches in foreign countries, thus realigning its corporate infrastructure.

Early 2000s capacitor issues

From 2001 to 2004, Nichicon produced defective capacitors ("HM" and "HN" series) that were used by major computer manufacturers, including Dell, Hewlett-Packard, and Apple. No explanation has been given for the production runs of defective capacitors, but some sources claimed that these capacitors were either overfilled with electrolyte, or were constructed using electrolyte that was prone to leaking, causing premature failure in any equipment using them. This issue was not related to the Taiwanese capacitor plague.

In 2010 Dell settled a civil lawsuit concerning its shipment of at least 11.8 million computers from May 2003 to July 2005 that used faulty Nichicon components and were prone to major failure.

References

External links 

Nichicon Corporation 

Electronics companies of Japan
Capacitor manufacturers
Manufacturing companies based in Kyoto
Companies listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange
Companies listed on the Osaka Exchange
Electronics companies established in 1950
Japanese companies established in 1950
Japanese brands
FLACC. FLACC is an implementation of the ALGOL 68 programming language.

Chris Thomson and Colin Broughton founded Chion Corporation which developed and marketed FLACC (Full Language Algol 68 Checkout Compiler). This compiler and run-time system conformed exactly to the Revised Report, ran on IBM 370 and compatible mainframes, and included debugging features derived from WATFIV. It was released in 1977.

Chris was a student of Barry J. Mailloux. Barry studied at Amsterdam's Mathematisch Centrum from 1966 under Adriaan van Wijngaarden. Barry's work on the Algol 68 language established the University of Alberta as a center for Algol 68-related activity.

According to Thomson decade later:
 You know, we only ever got 22 copies installed, and less than 5 of those in North America.  Even though it ran on 370's under MVS, CMS and MTS, and was cheap and reliable.  Talk about a marketing disaster.

References

External links
 Barry J. Mailloux @ Everything.com
 
Scanned documentation at softwarepreservation.org
 Christopher Mark Thomson. The Run-Time structure of an ALGOL 68 Student Checkout Compiler. Master's thesis, Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, 1976. 
 FLACC User Guide. FLACC Version 1.6, November 1981, Chion Corporation, 1981.

Procedural programming languages
Systems programming languages
ALGOL 68 implementation
Programming languages created in 1977
IBM mainframe software
Plutonium tetrafluoride. Plutonium(IV) fluoride is a chemical compound with the formula PuF4. This salt is generally a brown solid but can appear a variety of colors depending on the grain size, purity, moisture content, lighting, and presence of contaminants. Its primary use in the United States has been as an intermediary product in the production of plutonium metal for nuclear weapons usage.

Formation 
Plutonium(IV) fluoride is produced in the reaction between plutonium dioxide (PuO2) or plutonium(III) fluoride (PuF3) with hydrofluoric acid (HF) in a stream of oxygen (O2) at 450 to 600 °C. The main purpose of the oxygen stream is to avoid reduction of the product by hydrogen gas, small amounts of which are often found in HF.

PuO2 + O2 + 4 HF → PuF4 + O2 + 2 H2O
4 PuF3 + O2 + 4 HF → 4 PuF4 + 2 H2O

Laser irradiation of plutonium hexafluoride (PuF6) at wavelengths under 520 nm causes it to decompose into plutonium pentafluoride (PuF5) and fluorine; if this is continued, plutonium(IV) fluoride is obtained.

Properties 
In terms of its structure, solid plutonium(IV) fluoride features 8-coordinate Pu centers interconnected by doubly bridging fluoride ligands.

Reaction of plutonium tetrafluoride with barium, calcium, or lithium at 1200 °C give Pu metal:

PuF4 + 2 Ba → 2 BaF2 + Pu
PuF4 + 2 Ca → 2 CaF2 + Pu
PuF4 + 4 Li → 4 LiF + Pu

References 

Plutonium(IV) compounds
Fluorides
Metal halides
Nuclear materials
Actinide halides
Theodor Schwenk. Theodor Schwenk (8 October 1910, in Schwäbisch Gmünd – 29 September 1986, in Filderstadt) was an anthroposophist, engineer and a pioneering water researcher who founded the Institute for Flow. He is most well known for his book Sensitive Chaos: The Creation of Flowing Forms in Water and Air which explores subtle patterns and phenomena of water, air and their relationship to biological forms. The narrative of the book is in the tradition of Goethe and Rudolf Steiner, viewing nature as ruled by a single unifying principle which is apparent in all movement and form.

1910 births
1986 deaths
People from Schwäbisch Gmünd
People from the Kingdom of Württemberg
Anthroposophists
Chaos theorists
Easton Gibb & Son. Easton Gibb & Son was a Scottish civil engineering firm, specialising in public works projects, founded by (Alexander) Easton Gibb.

In 1900, Alexander Gibb, Easton Gibb's son, became the firm's chairman and managing director, taking over from his father. Under his chairmanship, it was responsible for the construction of Rosyth Naval Dockyard, beginning before the outbreak of the First World War.

References

Engineering companies of the United Kingdom
Virtual Object System. The Virtual Object System (VOS) is a computer software technology for creating distributed object systems. The sites hosting Vobjects are typically linked by a computer network, such as a local area network or the Internet. Vobjects may send messages to other Vobjects over these network links (remotely) or within the same host site (locally) to perform actions and synchronize state.  In this way, VOS may also be called an object-oriented remote procedure call system. In addition, Vobjects may have a number of directed relations to other Vobjects, which allows them to form directed graph data structures. 

VOS is patent free, and its implementation is Free Software.  The primary application focus of VOS is general purpose, multiuser, collaborative 3D virtual environments or virtual reality.  The primary designer and author of VOS is Peter Amstutz.

External links 
 Interreality.org official site

Groupware
Distributed computing architecture
To Outrun Doomsday. To Outrun Doomsday is a science fiction novel by English writer Kenneth Bulmer. It was first published in 1967.

Plot summary
The novel concerns "Lucky" Jack Waley, a computer salesman and conman unfortunate enough to be aboard the starship Bucentaure when the engine blows. He crashlands on the planet Kerim, a planet where anything you ask for from the mysterious Pe'Ichen is instantly manufactured before your eyes. Anything trivial. No food, no houses. And for the current generation, no children.

Jack connects up with a variety of rogues to try to save the day, only to discover that Pe'Ichen is an ancient computer with miraculous powers, designed to keep order in the lives of the Kerimites, providing them with their every need. Pe'Ichen, however, has determined that a) the sun will explode in 56 years, and b) that there is no such thing as life on other planets.

References

1967 British novels
1967 science fiction novels
British science fiction novels
Novels by Kenneth Bulmer
Ace Books books
Xonotlite. Xonotlite, or eakleite, is a mineral of general formula  named by the German mineralogist Karl Friedrich August Rammelsberg in 1866. The name originates from its discovery locality, Tetela de Xonotla, Puebla, Mexico. Although it was discovered in 1866, it was first described in 1959. It is approved by the IMA, but it is a grandfathered species, meaning the name supposedly represents a valid species til this day.

Properties 
Xonotlite is an ino-silicate with double dreier chains, of which several polytypes are known. The known polytypes are Ma2bc, Ma2b2c and M2a2bc. It is a mineral related to the tobermorite group. It can be colorless, gray, light gray, lemon white, or pink. It is transparent with a vitreous to silky luster. It leaves a white streak. Xonotlite is rated 6.5 on the Mohs scale of hardness. It crystallizes in the monoclinic – prismatic crystal system, with typically an acicular crystal form or habit, meaning it occurs as needle-like crystals. It is massive, meaning individual crystals are hard to tell apart as they form large masses. It mainly consists of oxygen (42.52%), calcium (33.63%) and silicon (23.57%), and includes hydrogen (0.28%). It is a luminescent mineral, under short ultraviolet light it has a weak gray-white fluorescence, and under long UV it is weak white. It is not a magnetic mineral, and is not radioactive.

Environment and mining 

It occurs as veins in serpentinite and contact metamorphism aureoles. Associated minerals include apophyllite, diopside, stilbite, tobermorite, clinohedrite, thaumasite, laumontite and wollastonite. The most common impurities include iron, magnesium and carbon dioxyde () impurities. It has many type localities, the most notable one being Tetela de Ocampo, Mexico.

See also

References

Further reading

External links 

 Webmineral data
 Mineral Data Publishing
 Mindat with location data

Calcium minerals
Inosilicates
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 13
Mohite. Mohite is a copper tin sulfide mineral with the chemical formula Cu2SnS3. It is colored greenish gray and leaves a gray streak. It is opaque and has metallic luster. Its crystal system is triclinic pedial. It is rated 4 on the Mohs Scale and has a specific gravity of 4.86.

Discovery and occurrence
Mohite was first described in 1982 for an occurrence in the Chatkal-Kuramin Mountains of eastern Uzbekistan. It was named after Günter Harald Moh (1929–1993), University of Heidelberg. It is of hydrothermal origin and occurs associated with tetrahedrite, famatinite, kuramite, mawsonite and emplectite in the type locality in Uzbekistan. It has also been reported from Salamanca Province, Spain; the Organullo Mining District of Salta Province, Argentina; and the Delamar Mountains of Lincoln County, Nevada, US.

References 

Copper minerals
Tin minerals
Sulfide minerals
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 9
Vasco da Gama-class frigate. The Vasco da Gama class is a class of frigates of the Portuguese Navy. Named in honor of the Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama, the ships are based on the German MEKO 200 design, and are Portugal's major surface ships. Portugal operates three ships of this class, which were built in Hamburg by Blohm + Voss (B&V) and by Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft (HDW) in Kiel, using modular construction techniques.

The project for the construction of three frigates of this class was authorized by the Portuguese Government in 1985, five years after the request of the Portuguese Navy for the acquisition of new surface ships. According to Conway's, 60% of the funding for these ships came from NATO military aid. Similar ships have been built for the navies of Greece, Turkey, Australia and New Zealand.

Modernization 
In 2019, the new Military Programming Law was approved by the Portuguese Assembly of the Republic, which provided an amount of 125 million euros for the modernization of the three frigates of the Vasco da Gama class. In November 2022, the order authorizing the Ministry of National Defence to proceed with the modernization, was signed, in order to be able to use the ships in scenarios of high intensity combat. Among the improvements to be made to the frigates is the incorporation of RIM-162 ESSM Block-2 missiles to replace the RIM-7 Sea Sparrow. The frigate NRP Álvares Cabral, within the scope of this modernization process, received in 2023 a new platform command, control and management system, installed by the Portuguese company Edisoft. The Chief of the Naval Staff, Admiral Henrique Gouveia e Melo, stated at the end of 2023 that the modernization program for the Vasco da Gama frigates will make it possible to modernize 2 frigates for high-intensity combat, namely the modernization or replacement of the SEWACO system. A third frigate will be updated in terms of platform management, communications systems and will also be capable of carrying out amphibious raids to project Portuguese Marine Corps forces. The modernization program for this class of ships will be made in Portugal by the Arsenal do Alfeite shipyard, that began in 2023 and will last until 2027 according to the navy's plans, with the last 2 years for the modernization of two frigates and the previous years to complete the upgrade of another frigate as a command platform.

Ships

Similar ships
MEKO
 - Greece
 - Australia and New Zealand
 - Turkey
 - Turkey

See also
 List of naval ship classes in service

Citations

References

 Vasco da Gama class, Portuguese Navy website
Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947-1995

 
Frigate classes
The Engine. The Engine is a fictional device described in the 1726 satirical novel Gulliver's Travels by Jonathan Swift. It is possibly the earliest known reference to a device in any way resembling a modern computer.

The Engine is a device that generates permutations of word sets. It is found at the Academy of Projectors in Lagado and is described thus by Swift:
“... Every one knew how laborious the usual method is of attaining to arts and sciences; whereas, by his contrivance, the most ignorant person, at a reasonable charge, and with a little bodily labour, might write books in philosophy, poetry, politics, laws, mathematics, and theology, without the least assistance from genius or study.” He then led me to the frame, about the sides, whereof all his pupils stood in ranks. It was twenty feet square, placed in the middle of the room. The superfices was composed of several bits of wood, about the bigness of a die, but some larger than others. They were all linked together by slender wires. These bits of wood were covered, on every square, with paper pasted on them; and on these papers were written all the words of their language, in their several moods, tenses, and declensions; but without any order. The professor then desired me “to observe; for he was going to set his engine at work.” The pupils, at his command, took each of them hold of an iron handle, whereof there were forty fixed round the edges of the frame; and giving them a sudden turn, the whole disposition of the words was entirely changed. He then commanded six-and-thirty of the lads, to read the several lines softly, as they appeared upon the frame; and where they found three or four words together that might make part of a sentence, they dictated to the four remaining boys, who were scribes. This work was repeated three or four times, and at every turn, the engine was so contrived, that the words shifted into new places, as the square bits of wood moved upside down."

That story is thought be a satire on medieval philosopher Ramon Llull.

See also

References

External links
 
 

Fictional computers
Gulliver's Travels
Criticism of science
Automated reasoning
Fiction about artificial intelligence
Dolly (tool). A dolly is the name given to a category of tools used in shaping sheet metal. Typically a dolly is a solid piece of metal, small enough to hold in one hand, with a curved or shaped face. Generally a dolly will have more than one surface, each with its own radius of curvature (much like a three-dimensional French curve), allowing the craftsman more flexibility in using the tool.

Common types 
Most common types are called heel, toe, wedge or comma, general or track, and egg dollies. Egg dollies are often not included in hammer and dolly sets, but due to their unique shape they are very handy.

 Heel dolly: Has a long radius on one side and a flat on the other, hence they look like the heel of a shoe. One face is domed and that other is flat.
 Toe dolly: Has a short radius on one side and is twice as long as the heel. Similarly it has a domed and flat side also.
 Wedge dolly or "Comma": It looks just like a comma, the narrow side makes it ideal for tight contours.
 General purpose dolly or "Track": Has many different surfaces and contours, easy to hold while dealing with substantial blows.
 Egg dolly: Rounded all over in different contours but on one side it does have straight edges and angles.

A dolly can be used either as a hammer, shaping the metal to match the curve of the dolly, or as small anvil to provide a curved surface over which to dome or dish metal. They are commonly used to shape sheet metal in auto repair, especially in locations where it is difficult to swing a hammer.

They can also be used as backers for upsetting metal. When used as a portable anvil, a dolly can be used to hold a rivet in position while it is being clenched with a "snapper". Such dollies are commonly cylindrical in shape, and rely on mass to work. The act of using it is known as holding up or holding on. Dollies can also be used in boat building, when clenching nails. See clinker (boat building).

References

Metalworking tools