omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
M+NetMail. M+NetMail  was an ISP-grade E-mail package by Messaging Architects. It was designed to deliver scalable messaging and calendaring services, using Internet-standard protocols (e.g. IMAP, iCalendar, POP, SMTP), across a large enterprise, or to a large group of users who are not particularly associated (for example, the user population of a typical ISP). The original name for the product, when owned by Novell, was Novell Internet Messaging System (NIMS). Messaging Architects showcased NetMail on its MyRealBox website, this service was discontinued on June 1, 2011.

In late February 2007, Novell sold the Netmail source code and brand name to Messaging Architects, which has since released a new version. This new version came with several long-awaited fixes along with a new "web 2.0" web mail client.

Since 2014  uses the brand name to deliver software solution. Netmail EMEA is as a formally subsidiary from Messaging Architects (called later Netmail/NetGovern) and now part of Ipro Tech.

Positioning
NetMail is not designed as a group collaboration software, such as Novell GroupWise, IBM Lotus Notes / Domino, or Microsoft Exchange Server. It is not positioned to compete with those products.

Design
M+NetMail is designed around open standards, including LDAP, PKCS, iCal, POP3, IMAP4, SSL, and S/MIME. Because it is standards-based, there is no "native" client. It instead works with any standards-based IMAP4, POP3 or iCal client. The web interface is likewise usable by most web browsers.

Platforms
M+NetMail's server components run atop a variety of platforms, letting the NetMail customer choose the platform most appropriate to their environment. In contrast, some competing products attempt to lock their customers into a single platform. NetMail components are available for SUSE and Red Hat Linux, Novell NetWare v5.1 and later, Novell Open Enterprise Server (in both its OES-Linux and OES-NetWare versions), and Microsoft Windows platforms.

See also
Bongo (software)

References

External links
Messaging Architects Home Page

Groupware
Message transfer agents
Novell software
Rolls-Royce North America. Rolls-Royce North America, Inc. is a subsidiary of multinational corporation Rolls-Royce plc.  The American unit operates under a Special Security Arrangement which allows it to work independently on some of the most sensitive United States defense programs despite its foreign ownership. It is involved principally with providing management direction and corporate support for all Rolls-Royce businesses and operations in North America, encompassing more than 7,000 employees at 66 locations across the U.S. and Canada. Its headquarters are in Reston, Virginia.

The most significant part of Rolls-Royce North America is "Rolls-Royce Corporation", formerly the Allison Engine Company. Other subsidiaries include:
 Rolls-Royce Canada Limited
 Rolls-Royce Marine North America Inc.
 Rolls-Royce Defense Services, Inc. 
 Rolls-Royce North America Ventures, Inc. 
 Rolls-Royce Power Systems
 MTU America

LibertyWorks

The Allison Advanced Development Company (also known as LibertyWorks) was established in 1995 as a result of Rolls-Royce plc's acquisition of the Allison Engine Company. As well as establishing a proxy board for Allison, Rolls-Royce was required to vest Allison's classified projects in Allison Advanced Development Company. In 2005, Rolls-Royce changed the name to Rolls-Royce North American Technologies.

Notable former and current employees 

 Samuel L. Higginbottom – former chairman, president and CEO; CEO of Eastern Air Lines
 Marion Blakey – former president CEO; administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration

References

External links
 
 Rolls-Royce Opens New Regional Corporate Headquarters in Northern Virginia

North America
Aircraft engine manufacturers of the United States
American subsidiaries of foreign companies
Companies based in Reston, Virginia
Defense companies of the United States
Grumman XTB2F. The Grumman TB2F was a cancelled twin-engined torpedo bomber project, intended as Grumman's successor to the successful TBF Avenger. However, only a mockup was ever constructed.

In 1944, during World War II, the Midway class aircraft carriers were being built, and Grumman attempted to design a new torpedo bomber to accompany those carriers. However, it was soon decided that, among other difficulties, it would be impractical to efficiently deploy twin-engined aircraft of this size from an aircraft carrier, and the plans were shelved.

Specifications

See also

References
Notes

Bibliography
 Johnson, E.R. (2008). American Attack Aircraft Since 1926. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company. .
 Pelletier, Alain J. "A Tracker Before Its Time?: Grumman's Heavyweight XTB2F-1". Air Enthusiast, No. 98, March/April 2002. ISSN 0143-5450. pp. 48–53.

TB02F
Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United States
High-wing aircraft
Carrier-based aircraft
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
1940s United States bomber aircraft
Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear
Watson. Watson may refer to:

People
Watson (surname)
Watson (given name)

Fictional characters
 Dr. Watson, a character in Sherlock Holmes stories
 Mary Jane Watson, a Spider-Man character
 Esme Watson, a character in Australian television program A Country Practice

Computing
 Watson (computer), an IBM supercomputer which won the game show Jeopardy!
 Dr. Watson (debugger), the internal debugger for the Windows platform
 Intellext Watson, an application for the Windows platform
 Karelia Watson, an application for the Macintosh platform

Companies
 Watson Pharmaceuticals, former name of the pharmaceutical company Actavis
 A.S. Watson Group, retail division of Hutchison Whampoa
 Thomas J. Watson Research Center, IBM research center
 Watson Systems, maker of shopping trolleys
 A. J. Watson, IndyCar roadster chassis constructor
 Watsons Water, a bottled water company in Hong Kong

Places
Antarctica
 Watson Peninsula, South Orkney Islands

Australia
 Watson, Australian Capital Territory
 Division of Watson, an electoral district of the Australian House of Representatives
 Watson, South Australia, a stop on the Trans-Australian Railway
 Watson Island (Queensland), an island in Howick Group National Park, Queensland, Australia

Canada
 Watson, Saskatchewan
 Watson Island (British Columbia), an island in the Queen Charlotte Strait in British Columbia, Canada
 Watson Lake, Yukon

United States
 Watson, Alabama
 Watson, Arkansas
 Watson Island, a neighborhood in Miami, Florida
 Watson, Illinois
 Watson, Indiana
 Watson, Iowa
 Watson, Louisiana
 Watson, Minnesota
 Watson, Missouri
 Watson, New York
 Watson, Ohio
 Watson, Oklahoma
 Watson, Virginia
 Watson, West Virginia
 Watson House (Chincoteague Island, Virginia)
Watson Township (disambiguation)

Other
 Watson (musician), an American singer and songwriter
 Clan Watson, a Scottish clan
 Jeannette K. Watson Fellowship, internship grant
 Thomas J. Watson Fellowship, travel grant
 The Watson Twins, an indie country-rock group
 George Watson's College, a school in Edinburgh, Scotland
 USS Watson (DD-482), a proposed United States Navy destroyer canceled in 1946
 Watson (crater), a lunar impact crater on the far side of the Moon
 Watson (film), a 2019 documentary film
 Watson (newspaper), a Swiss online newspaper
 Watson (TV series), an American TV series

See also
 Justice Watson (disambiguation)
Thermal-neutron reactor. A thermal-neutron reactor is a nuclear reactor that uses slow or thermal neutrons. ("Thermal" does not mean hot in an absolute sense, but means in thermal equilibrium with the medium it is interacting with, the reactor's fuel, moderator and structure, which is much lower energy than the fast neutrons initially produced by fission.) 

A fast-neutron reactor, on the other hand, operates using high-energy neutrons that are not slowed by a moderator. These reactors can efficiently use a broader range of fuels, including plutonium and other heavy atoms, and have the capability to breed more fissile material, such as uranium-238 into plutonium-239, which is not possible in thermal reactor. In contrast to thermal-neutron reactors, integral fast reactors (IFRs) operate using fast neutrons and are designed for increased fuel efficiency. These reactors are capable of recycling nuclear waste and breeding new fuel, which enhances sustainability. Additionally, IFRs incorporate passive safety features that allow them to safely shut down without external power or human intervention

Most nuclear power plant reactors are thermal reactors and use a neutron moderator to slow neutrons until they approach the average kinetic energy of the surrounding particles, that is, to reduce the speed of the neutrons to low-velocity, thermal neutrons. Neutrons are uncharged, this allows them to penetrate deep in the target and close to the nuclei, thus scattering neutrons by nuclear forces, some nuclides are scattered large.

The nuclear cross section of uranium-235 for slow thermal neutrons is about 1000 barns, while for fast neutrons it is in the order of 1 barn. Therefore, thermal neutrons are more likely to cause uranium-235 to nuclear fission than to be captured by uranium-238. If at least one neutron from the U-235 fission strikes another nucleus and causes it to fission, then the chain reaction will continue. If the reaction will sustain itself, it is said to be critical, and the mass of U-235 required to produce the critical condition is said to be a critical mass.

Thermal reactors consist of the following:

 Neutron moderator to slow down the neutrons. In light water reactors and heavy water reactors it doubles as the nuclear reactor coolant.
 Nuclear fuel, which is a fissile material, usually uranium.
 Reactor vessel that is a pressure vessel containing the coolant and reactor core.
 Radiation shielding to protect people and the environment from the harmful effects of ionizing radiation.
 Containment buildings which are designed to contain the escape of radiation in an emergency.
 Instrumentation to monitor and control the reactor's systems.

See also
 Thermal breeder reactor
 Enriched uranium
 Fast-neutron reactor
 Liquid fluoride thorium reactor
 India's three-stage nuclear power programme

References

Nuclear reactors
HMS A5. HMS A5 was an early Royal Navy submarine. She was a member of Group Two of the first British  of submarines. Like all members of her class, she was built at Vickers Barrow-in-Furness.

Design and construction
The A-class was designed by Vickers as an improvement on the previous American designed Holland-class submarines, and were the first class of British-designed submarines. Four submarines, –, were ordered as part of the 1902–1903 construction programme for the Royal Navy, with a further nine (A5–) ordered under the 1903–1904 programme. The design of the submarines was revised between the prototype boat, A1, and the other three submarines of the first order, and again for the submarines of the 1903–04 programme, with this batch being fitted with a second torpedo tube.

A5 was  long overall, with a beam of  and a draught of  when surfaced. Displacement was about  surfaced and  submerged. A  16-cylinder Wolsey petrol engine powered the submarine on the surface, driving the submarine's single propeller shaft, while submerged propulsion was via a  electric motor, giving a speed of  on the surface and  dived. Armament was two 18 inch (45.7 cm) torpedo tubes in the ship's bow. Four torpedoes were carried.

A5 was laid down at Vicker's Barrow-in-Furness shipyard in 1903, was launched on 3 March 1904 and completed on 11 February 1905.

Service history
Immediately after commissioning she and her tender  travelled to Queenstown, (now Cobh) Ireland. On 16 February 1905 at 10:05 whilst tied up alongside Hazard an explosion occurred on board, with a second explosion about 30 minutes later. Five of the crew were killed by the explosion. The captain, Lieutenant H J G Good, and the other four crew members survived.

An enquiry into the accident concluded that petrol fumes had been ignited by an electrical spark, with the second explosion caused by smouldering debris from the first event.

She was returned to Barrow-in-Furness the following month for repairs and returned to service in the Home Fleet in October. She was used for training until paid off for disposal in December 1915 and was finally broken up in Portsmouth in 1920.

Memorial
The Irish Naval Service donated a granite block with a brass plaque giving details of the A5 tragedy, and this was unveiled in March 2000.

On 13 February 2005 there was a ceremony to mark the centenary of the accident.
 of the Irish Naval Service and  of the Royal Navy visited Cobh for the occasion.

Citations

References

External links
 HMS A5 (Forgotten Submariners) Lost at Cobh  
 HMS A-5 Roll of Honour
 'Submarine Losses 1902 to present day' - Royal Navy Submarine Museum 

1904 ships
A-class submarines (1903)
Ships built in Barrow-in-Furness
British submarine accidents
Royal Navy ship names
Sector model. The sector model, also known as the Hoyt model, is a model of urban land use proposed in 1939 by land economist Homer Hoyt. It is a modification of the concentric zone model of city development. The benefits of the application of this model include the fact it allows for an outward progression of growth. As with all simple models of such complex phenomena, its validity is limited.

Application 
This model applies to numerous British cities. Also, if it is turned 90 degrees counter-clockwise it fits the city of Mönchengladbach reasonably accurately. This may be because of the age of the cities when transportation was a key, as a general rule older cities follow the Hoyt model and more recent cities follow the Burgess (concentric zone) model.

Limitations 
The theory is based on early twentieth-century rail transport and does not make allowances for private cars that enable commuting from cheaper land outside city boundaries.  This occurred in Calgary in the 1930s when many near-slums were established outside the city but close to the termini of the street car lines.  These are now incorporated into the city boundary but are pockets of low-cost housing in medium cost areas. The theory also does not take into account the new concepts of edge cities and boomburbs, which began to emerge in the 1980s, after the creation of the model. Since its creation, the traditional Central Business District has diminished in importance as many retail and office buildings have moved into the suburbs.
Physical features - physical features may restrict or direct growth along certain wedges
The growth of a sector can be limited by leapfrog land.
The theory too lacks the idea based on land topography.

See also
Urban structure
Concentric zone model
Multiple nuclei model
Linear city

References

External links
Internet Geography
BBC GCSE Bitesize Revision

Urban planning
Demography
Geography terminology
City layout models
Mathematical Bridge. The Mathematical Bridge is a wooden footbridge in the southwest of central Cambridge, England.
It bridges the River Cam about one hundred feet northwest of Silver Street Bridge and connects two parts of Queens' College. Its official name is simply the Wooden Bridge or Queens' Bridge. It is a Grade II listed building.

The bridge was designed by William Etheridge, and built by James Essex in 1749. It has been rebuilt on two occasions, in 1866 and in 1905, but has kept the same overall design. Although it appears to be an arch, it is composed entirely of straight timbers built to an unusually sophisticated engineering design, hence the name.

A replica of the bridge was built in 1923 near the Iffley Lock in Oxford.

The original Mathematical Bridge was another bridge of the same design, also commissioned by James Essex, crossing the Cam between Trinity and Trinity Hall colleges, where Garret Hostel Bridge now stands.

Mathematical explanation

The arrangement of timbers is a series of tangents that describe the arc of the bridge, with radial members to tie the tangents together and triangulate the structure, making it rigid and self-supporting. This type of structure, technically tangent and radial trussing, is an efficient structural use of timber, and was also used for the timber supporting arches (centring) used for building stone bridges. Analysis of the design shows that the tangent members are almost entirely under compression, while the radial timbers are almost entirely subject to tension with very little bending stress, or to put it another way, the tangent and radial elements elegantly express the forces involved in arched construction.

Myths 
A popular fable is that the bridge was designed and built by Sir Isaac Newton without the use of nuts or bolts. Various stories relate how at some point in the past either students or fellows of the University attempted to take the bridge apart and put it back together, but were unable to work out how to hold the structure together, and were obliged to resort to adding nuts and bolts. In reality, bolts or the equivalent are an inherent part of the design. When it was first built, iron spikes were driven into the joints from the outer side, where they could not be seen from the inside of the parapets, explaining why bolts were thought to be an addition to the original. Newton could not have been directly involved since he died in 1727, twenty-two years before the bridge was constructed.

See also
List of bridges in Cambridge
Old Walton Bridge, a larger bridge on the same principle, also designed by William Etheridge.

References

Further reading

External links
 Photograph of the original 1748 model of the bridge, made by William Etheridge and still in possession by Clare College

Bridges in Cambridge
Bridges completed in 1749
Bridges across the River Cam
Pedestrian bridges in England
Queens' College, Cambridge
Wooden bridges in the United Kingdom
Truss bridges in the United Kingdom
Arch bridges in the United Kingdom
Buildings and structures of the University of Cambridge
Grade II listed bridges in Cambridgeshire
Grade II listed buildings in Cambridge
Counter. Counter may refer to:

Mathematics and computing
 Counter machine, a subclass of register machines
 Counter (digital), an electronic device, mechanical device, or computer program for counting
 Loop counter, the variable that controls the iterations of a loop
 Jeton, a reckoning counter used on reckoning boards for calculations
 Mechanical counter, a digital counter using mechanical components
 Tally counter, a mechanical counting device
 Web counter, a counter that counts the number of visits to a web page
 Project COUNTER, a standard for reporting usage statistics of electronic resources
 People counter, a device used to measure the number of people transversing a certain passage or entrance

Games and sport
 Counter (board wargames), a playing piece used in board wargames
 Counter run, an offensive play in American football
 Counter turn, an element in figure skating
 Counter (collectible card games), a small item used to represent certain objects or conditions in a collectible card game
 Jones Counter, measures distance bicycles travel

Linguistics and typography
 Counter (typography), an enclosed space in a letter-form
 Measure word, a type of word in some languages
 Japanese counter word

Other uses 
 Countertop, the flat surface of a counter
 Bar (counter), a type of counter used in bars for food serving
 Compter or counter, a small jail
 Counter, the part of a ship's stern above the waterline that extends beyond the rudder stock (see nautical terms)
 The Counter, a global hamburger restaurant chain
 Frequency counter, an electronic instrument for measuring frequency

People with the name
 Nick Counter (1940–2009), American film and television executive
 S. Allen Counter (1944–2017), American neuroscientist, polar explorer, and university administrator
 See also Caunter, an associated surname

See also
 
 
 Count (disambiguation)
 Counting token (disambiguation)
 Counterflow (disambiguation)
 Opposition (politics)
Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico. The Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico (Spanish: Universidad Politécnica de Puerto Rico; shortened to PUPR in English and UPPR in Spanish, and informally referred to as Poly) is a private university based in San Juan, Puerto Rico, with additional campuses in Orlando and Miami, Florida, as well as an online virtual campus.

Founded in 1966, PUPR offers programs in various fields, including engineering, architecture, technology, and business. All courses are taught in English, with support and assessments available in both English and Spanish as needed.

History and academics
PUPR was founded in September 1966, with its main campus located in Hato Rey, San Juan, Puerto Rico. PUPR is recognized as the largest private engineering school in Puerto Rico and the only one in the San Juan district, as well as one of the largest private Hispanic-serving engineering schools in the United States and its territories.

In 2001 and 2003, PUPR expanded by opening campuses in Miami and Orlando, Florida, respectively. The university offers a variety of undergraduate programs, including Bachelor of Science degrees in chemical engineering, civil engineering, computer engineering, electrical engineering, environmental engineering, industrial engineering, and mechanical engineering, as well as computer science and business administration. At the graduate level, programs include Master of Science degrees in several engineering fields, engineering management, and a Master of Business Administration.

PUPR is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education and the Puerto Rico Education Council. Its engineering programs are accredited by the Engineering Accreditation Commission of ABET, along with the Land Surveying and Mapping program. In December 2019, all ten evaluated programs received accreditation.

In June 2009, PUPR was designated a National Center of Academic Excellence (CAE) in Information Assurance Education by the National Security Agency and the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. It was re-designated in 2016 for Information Assurance and Cyber Defense until the 2020-21 academic year and received a new designation extending to 2027. Additionally, the bachelor’s degree program in architecture is accredited by the National Architectural Accrediting Board (NAAB).

References

External links

 

Liga Atletica Interuniversitaria de Puerto Rico
Universities and colleges in San Juan, Puerto Rico
Private universities and colleges in Puerto Rico
Educational institutions established in 1966
1966 establishments in Puerto Rico
Engineering universities and colleges