omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Tridium. Tridium Inc. is an American engineering hardware and software company based in Richmond, Virginia, whose products facilitate and integrate the automation of building and other engineering control systems. Since November 2005, the company has operated as an independent business entity of Honeywell International Inc.

History 
Tridium Inc. was founded in 1995. In 1999, Tridium launched the Niagara Framework, a software infrastructure that connects all systems and devices to a central console. 

In 2002, John Petze became president and CEO, replacing Jerry Frank.  

The company was acquired by Honeywell International Inc in 2005.

Products
Tridium's products facilitate  by integrating building automation using open and proprietary communications protocols such as Modbus, Lonworks and BACnet.

Tridium is the developer of Niagara Framework. The Niagara Framework is a universal software infrastructure that allows building controls integrators, HVAC and mechanical contractors to build custom, web-enabled applications for accessing, automating and controlling smart devices real-time via local network or over the Internet.

References

External links
 

Programming tools
American companies established in 1995
Manufacturing companies based in Richmond, Virginia
Production line. A production line is a set of sequential operations established in a factory where components are assembled to make a finished article or where materials are put through a refining process to produce an end-product that is suitable for onward consumption.

Typically, raw materials such as metal ores or agricultural products such as foodstuffs or textile source plants like cotton and flax require a sequence of treatments to render them useful.  For metal, the processes include crushing, smelting and further refining.  For plants, the useful material has to be separated from husks or contaminants and then treated for onward sale.

History
Early production processes were constrained by the availability of a source of energy, with wind mills and water mills providing power for the crude heavy processes and manpower being used for activities requiring more precision.  In earlier centuries, with raw materials, power and people often being in different locations, production was distributed across a number of sites.  The concentration of numbers of people in manufactories, and later the factory as exemplified by the cotton mills of Richard Arkwright, started the move towards co-locating individual processes.

Introduction of the steam engine
With the development of the steam engine in the latter half of the 18th century, the production elements became less reliant on the location of the power source, and so the processing of goods moved to either the source of the materials or the location of people to perform the tasks.  Separate processes for different treatment stages were brought into the same building, and the various stages of refining or manufacture were combined.

Industrial Revolution
With increasing use of steam power, and increasing use of machinery to supplant the use of people, the integrated use of techniques in production lines spurred the Industrial Revolutions of Europe and North America.

Assembly line

Thus, from the processing of raw materials into useful goods, the next step was the concept of the assembly line, as introduced by Eli Whitney. This was taken to the next stage at the Ford Motor Company in 1913, where Henry Ford introduced the innovation of continuously moving the cars being assembled past individual workstations. This introduced the idea of standardization.

The assembly line was a contraption of many chains and links that moved to place different parts into various places throughout the car. The chassis of the car was moved along the 45-metre line by a chain conveyor and then 140 workers applied their assigned parts to the chassis. Other workers brought additional parts to the car builders to keep them stocked. The assembly line decreased the assembly time per vehicle. The production time for a single car dropped from over twelve hours to just 93 minutes.

See also
Conveyor
József Galamb
Mass production
Pilot plant

References

External links 

production line - examples
production line - examples

Industrial Revolution
Manufacturing
Mass production

de:Fließbandfertigung
Infiltration gallery. An infiltration gallery is a structure including perforated conduits in gravel to expedite transfer of water to or from a soil.

Water supply
Infiltration galleries may be used to collect water from the aquifer underlying a river. Water from an infiltration gallery has the advantage of bank filtration to reduce the water treatment requirements for a surface withdrawal. An infiltration gallery may also be the best way to withdraw water from a thin aquifer or lens of fresh water overlying saline water.

Storm water disposal
Infiltration galleries may be used to supplement a storm sewer, by directing storm runoff from non-road areas.

While the catchbasins under sewer grates work well on swift-flowing surfaces like asphalt and concrete, heavy storm water flow on grass lawns or other open areas will pool in low areas if there is no outlet. An infiltration gallery serves this purpose in two ways.

Primarily, upright plastic pipes capped with simple grates are placed every 5–8 metres along the low point of a slope, to handle heavy surface runoff. The pipes proceed straight down, about two metres, to a horizontal cross-pipe; this pipe is the secondary system.

About ten per cent of the surface area of a horizontal pipe is then perforated slightly and surrounded by gravel. Initially, runoff will exit the pipe and infiltrate the gravel to the soil beyond, dissipating naturally. As flow increases, the water will eventually fill the pipe and need to be dissipated more quickly. Thus, a catchbasin is placed at the lowest point of the sloping ground, which is connected to the storm sewer system at large.

Such galleries are a relatively new development in urban planning, and are thus found in newer housing developments.

References

Drainage
Hydraulic engineering
Subterranea (geography)
InterSystems Caché. InterSystems Caché ( ) is a commercial operational database management system from InterSystems, used to develop software applications for healthcare management, banking and financial services, government, and other sectors. Customer software can use the database with object and SQL code. Caché also allows developers to directly manipulate its underlying data structures: hierarchical arrays known as M technology.

Description

Internally, Caché stores data in multidimensional arrays capable of carrying hierarchically structured data.  These are the same “global” data structures used by the MUMPS programming language, which influenced the design of Caché, and are similar to those used by MultiValue (also known as PICK) systems. In most applications, however, object and/or SQL access methods are used.

Caché ObjectScript, Caché Basic or SQL can be used to develop application business logic. External interfaces include native object binding for C++, Java, EJB, ActiveX, and .NET. Caché supports JDBC and ODBC for relational access. XML and web services are also supported.

Caché Server Pages (CSP) technology allows tag-based creation of web applications that generate dynamic web pages, typically using data from a Caché database. Caché also includes InterSystems Zen, an implementation of AJAX that enables component-based development of rich web applications.

History

InterSystems was founded in 1979 to commercialize MUMPS hierarchical databases. It launched Caché in 1997 as its flagship product and at that time ceased further development of its original MUMPS product line.

Market
InterSystems claims Caché is the world's fastest object database. However, high performance is achieved only for transactional operations that have a significantly hierarchical nature.

This database management system (DBMS) is used as part of hospital patient tracking, electronic medical record and medicine management systems, in products developed by companies such as Epic Systems as well as the VistA system used by the U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs. Sungard includes Caché in the AddVantage asset management software to finance industry customers such as banks. Telecommunications vendors BT Group and Vodacom also use Caché.

The DB-Engines website ranked Caché as the most popular object-oriented DBMS every month from March 2013 to January 2023, when it was overtaken by InterSystems IRIS Data Platform.

Platforms
Caché runs on Windows, Linux, Solaris, HP-UX, AIX, macOS and OpenVMS platforms.

See also
GT.M, a related database system

References

Relational database management systems
Object-oriented database management systems
Proprietary database management systems
MUMPS implementations
HNC. HNC may refer to:

Hydrogen isocyanide, a molecule with the formula HNC that is important to the field of astrochemistry
Heptanitrocubane, an experimental high explosive
Higher National Certificate, a higher education qualification in the United Kingdom
High Negotiations Committee, a Syrian political-military opposition bloc headquartered in Riyadh
Classical-map Hyper-Netted-Chain equation, a method in many-body theoretical physics for interacting uniform electron liquids in two and three dimensions
Hypernetted-chain equation, a closure relation to solve the Ornstein-Zernike equation commonly applied in statistical mechanics and fluid theory
Hopkins-Nanjing Center, a joint educational venture between Nanjing University and Johns Hopkins University located in Nanjing, China
Habits & Contradictions, album by Schoolboy Q
Huddersfield Narrow Canal, Northern England
Incline. Incline, inclined, inclining, or inclination may refer to:
Grade (slope), the tilt, steepness, or angle from horizontal of a topographic feature (hillside, meadow, etc.) or constructed element (road, railway, field, etc.)
Slope, the tilt, steepness, or angle from horizontal of a line (in mathematics and geometry)

Incline may also refer to:
Cable railway, a steeply graded railway that uses a cable or rope to haul trains
Funicular (or funicular railway, a type of cable railway), a cable railway in which a cable attached moves cars up and down a steep slope
Inclined loop, a feature found on some roller coasters
Orbital inclination, the tilt of an object's orbit around a celestial body
Inclined orbit, an orbit that does not lie on the equatorial plane
Inclined plane, a flat surface whose endpoints are at different heights
Inclined rig, a method of rigging a sail to direct the force of the sails in such a way as to reduce heeling
Inclining test, a test that determines a ship's stability and the coordinates of its center of gravity
Inclined building, a building that was intentionally built at an incline
Inclined tower, a tower that was intentionally built at an incline
Inclining test, a test that determines a ship's stability and the coordinates of its center of gravity
Incline, California
Manitou Incline, a hiking trail in Manitou Springs, Colorado

See also
Inclination (disambiguation)
Slope (disambiguation)
Tendency (disambiguation)
Molar refractivity. Molar refractivity, , is a measure of the total polarizability of a mole of a substance.

For a perfect dielectric which is made of one type of molecule, the molar refractivity is proportional to the polarizability of a single molecule of the substance. For real materials, intermolecular interactions (the effect of the induced dipole moment of one molecule on the field felt by nearby molecules) give rise to a density dependence.

The molar refractivity is commonly expressed as a sum of components, where the leading order is the value for a perfect dielectric, followed by the density-dependent corrections:

The coefficients  are called the refractivity virial coefficients. Some research papers are dedicated to finding the values of the subleading coefficients of different substances. In other contexts, the material can be assumed to be approximately perfect, so that the only coefficient of interest is .

The coefficients depend on the wavelength of the applied field (and on the type and composition of the material), but not on thermodynamic state variables such as temperature or pressure.

The leading order (perfect dielectric) molar refractivity is defined as

where  is the Avogadro constant and  is the mean polarizability of a molecule.

Substituting the molar refractivity into the Lorentz-Lorenz formula gives, for gasses

where  is the refractive index,  is the pressure of the gas,  is the universal gas constant, and  is the (absolute) temperature; the ideal gas law was used here to convert the particle density (appearing in the Lorentz-Lorenz formula) to pressure and temperature.

For a gas, , so the molar refractivity can be approximated by

The molar refractivity  does not depend on ,  or , since they are not independent quantities.

In terms of density ρ and molecular weight M, it can be shown that:

Notes

References

Bibliography
 Born, Max, and Wolf, Emil, Principles of Optics: Electromagnetic Theory of Propagation, Interference and Diffraction of Light (7th ed.), section 2.3.3, Cambridge University Press (1999) 

Physical chemistry
Optical quantities
Molar quantities
Voltamp. Voltamp was an early American manufacturer of toy trains based in Baltimore, Maryland. Voltamp released its first toy train product in 1903.

Overview
Founded by Manes Fuld (1863–1929), the son of a Baltimore stove dealer, Voltamp's trains utilized the same 2-inch gauge metal track as Carlisle & Finch, the inventor of the electric toy train. It is significant for its 1907 release of the first electric toy train that operated on household alternating current; earlier electric trains had used battery power.

Although Voltamp outlasted Carlisle & Finch, its primary competitor, both companies were eclipsed in the marketplace by the Ives Manufacturing Company and Lionel Corporation, and Voltamp exited the market in 1922, selling its line to Boucher.

See also
 Big Monster Toys

References

Voltamp Trains: The Train Collectors Association
Voltamp  at Historytoy.com

Toy train manufacturers
Toy companies of the United States
Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1922
Manufacturing companies established in 1903
1903 establishments in Maryland
1922 disestablishments in Maryland
Defunct manufacturing companies based in Maryland
DDA. DDA may refer to:

Dda (DNA-dependent ATPase), a DNA helicase
Delhi Development Authority, the planning agency for Delhi, India
Demand deposit account, a deposit account held at a bank or other financial institution
Demand-driven acquisition, a model of library collection development
Deputy district attorney, state prosecution in American legal system
Digital differential analyzer, a digital implementation of a differential analyzer
Digital differential analyzer (graphics algorithm), a method of drawing lines on a computer screen
Disability Discrimination Act 1992, Australian legislation
Disability Discrimination Act 1995, UK legislation 
Disability Discrimination Act (Switzerland) 
Discontinuous Deformation Analysis, an analysis procedure used in physics and engineering
Discrete dipole approximation, method for computing scattering of radiation by particles of arbitrary shape
Division on Dynamical Astronomy, a branch of the American Astronomical Society
Doha Development Agenda of the World Trade Organization
Dual Dynamic Acceleration, an Intel technology for increasing single-threaded performance on multi-core processors
Dubai Development Authority, a Dubai Government authority that oversees the development, control,  municipal, economic and immigration functions across select free zones clusters and other communities by various master developers throughout Dubai
Dutch Dakota Association, a Dutch organisation dedicated to preserving and operating classic aircraft
Dynamic difficulty adjustment or dynamic game difficulty balancing, a method of automatically adjusting video game difficulty based on player ability
Aeronáutica Agrícola Mexicana SA. Aeronáutica Agrícola Mexicana SA (AAMSA) was an aircraft manufacturing company in Mexico from 1971 to 1984.

History 
AAMSA was formed in 1971 as a joint venture between Rockwell International (30%) and Industrias Unidas SA (70%) to manufacture Rockwell's range of agricultural aircraft at a factory in Pasteje.

Products 
The company's most noteworthy product was the A9B-M Quail, a development of the CallAir A-9, which was produced in 1984. About 40 units were produced.

References

Multinational aircraft manufacturers
Aircraft manufacturers of Mexico
Manufacturing companies established in 1971
Former joint ventures
Mexican companies established in 1971
Defunct manufacturing companies of Mexico
CallAir A-9. For the USAF unmanned Quail drone aircraft, see ADM-20 Quail.
The IMCO CallAir A-9 is an agricultural aircraft that first flew in 1962, a development of the company's previous successful crop-dusters.  It is typical of aircraft of its type - a single-seat aircraft with a low wing incorporating spraying gear.

Design and development
The Call Aircraft Company (CAC) had built the CallAir Model A series of light utility and agricultural aircraft. Following the purchase of CAC in 1962 by Intermountain Manufacturing Company (IMCO) the latter produced a new agricultural derivative of the Callair, the CallAir A-9.  Production of the new aircraft started in 1963.

Like the earlier CallAir aircraft, the A-9 is a single-engined monoplane with a braced low wing. It is of mixed construction, with a fabric-covered steel-tube fuselage structure and a wood-and-fabric wing. The pilot sits behind the chemical hopper, and the cockpit is enclosed by two removable, bottom-hinged doors that form the left and right side windows.  The aircraft is powered by a single Lycoming O-540 flat-six piston engine. Later, some A-9s have been adapted for glider towing operations.

IMCO was in turn purchased by Rockwell International in 1966, which built the plane under its Aero Commander division before shifting production to Mexico in 1971, under a joint venture there called AAMSA.  Production ceased in 1984.

Variants
A-9
Original variant, powered by a 235 hp (175 kW) Lycoming O-540-B2B5. Built by CallAir, IMCO and Aero Commander (as the Sparrow Commander)
A-9B (Super)
Version with 290 hp (216 kW) Lycoming IO-540 or Lycoming TIO-540. Built by Aero Commander (as the Quail Commander).
B-1
Enlarged A-9 with a 400 hp (298 kW) Lycoming IO-720-A1A engine and 42 ft 8 in (13.00 m) wingspan. First flight January 15, 1966. Built by IMCO and Aero Commander (as the Snipe Commander). 36 built.
AAMSA A9B
 Licensed production by Aeronautica Agricola Mexicana SA (AAMSA) powered by  Lycoming IO-540-K1A5 engine and  hopper. 101 built by AAMSA, with a further 17 assembled from Mexican-built components at Laredo, Texas by Aircraft Parts and Development Corporation.
AAMSA A9B-M
 Improved version of A9M, with cut down rear fuselage, redesigned cockpit, and increased wing dihedral. 36 built.
A9B-M Quail 'Naco'
Two seat military trainer aircraft built in Mexico by AAMSA, based on A9B-M. Single example (EPA-1) preserved at Museo Militar de Aviación - MUMA, Mexico City.

Specifications (AAMSA A9B-M Quail)

See also

References
Notes

Bibliography
 
 
 Taylor, John W. R. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1965-66. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, 1965. 
 Taylor, John W. R. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1966-67. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, 1966. 
 Taylor, John W. R. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1982-83. London:Jane's Yearbooks, 1982. .

External links

1970s Mexican agricultural aircraft
1960s United States agricultural aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aero Commander aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1963
IMCO aircraft
Single-engined piston aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Intermountain Manufacturing Company. The Intermountain Manufacturing Company (IMCO) was a US aircraft manufacturer of the 1960s based in Afton, Wyoming that produced agricultural aircraft.

IMCO was formed in 1962 to purchase the assets of the failed Call Aircraft Company, and the following year commenced new production of the CallAir A-9. IMCO also developed an enlarged and refined version of the aircraft, designated the B-1.

Aero Commander, a division of Rockwell International purchased IMCO in 1966 and relocated production to Albany, Georgia the following year.

References

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the United States
Companies based in Wyoming
American companies established in 1962
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1962
Manufacturing companies based in Wyoming
1962 establishments in Wyoming
1960s disestablishments in Wyoming
WordMARC. WordMARC Composer was a scientifically oriented word processor developed by MARC Software, an offshoot of MARC Analysis Research Corporation (which specialized in high end Finite Element Analysis software for mechanical engineering).  It ran originally on minicomputers such as Prime and Digital Equipment Corporation VAX.  When the IBM PC emerged as the platform of choice for word processing, WordMARC allowed users to easily move documents from a minicomputer (where they could be easily shared) to PCs.

WordMARC was the creation of Pedro Marcal, who pioneered work in finite element analysis and needed a technical word processor that both supported complex notations and was capable of running on minicomputers and other high-end machines such as Alliant and AT&T.

WordMARC was originally known as MUSE (MARC Universal Screen Editor), but the name was changed because of a trademark conflict with another company when the product was ported to the IBM PC.

Features
In comparison with WordPerfect, WordMARC's formatting metadata was always hidden.  This was considered friendlier to novice users, and less likely to result in mangled documents.

Although it was billed as a WYSIWYG system, it did not provide for display of proportional fonts.  It did, however allow the use of proportional fonts by adjusting the margins based on the current text size using an estimated average character width in version 1. Primeword v2 had font character width tables, and were given a utility that could generate them from HP font files.

Advanced features (for its time) included Document Assembly (maintaining each chapter of a book in separate files and combining them for printing or to produce a table of contents or index), automatic paragraph numbering, footnotes, endnotes, support for mixed fonts, multi-level equations and scientific characters.

An early version offered support for Japanese characters. The Unix version of WordMARC supported PostScript.

Company history
In 1999 the company became MSC Software and in May was purchased by MacNeal-Schwendler Corp.

References

Word processors
Science software
Discontinued software
History of software
Sqsh. Sqsh (pronounced ), short for SQSHell (pronounced s-q-shell), is a free and open-source substitute for isql, the interactive SQL client supplied with Sybase's Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) relational database management system.  

isql and sqsh are, essentially, rudimentary command-line tools for issuing Transact-SQL commands to an ASE Server and receiving and displaying results.

Sqsh supports, among others, command history, aliases and piping output to or from external programs and sources.  It runs on various flavours of Unix, including Linux as well as Windows through the Cygwin libraries.

External links
 Download site
 Sqsh man page
 articles:
 Tricks with sqsh
 Use sqsh, not isql

Database administration tools
Free software programmed in C