omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Dumortierite. Dumortierite is a fibrous variably colored aluminium boro-silicate mineral, Al7BO3(SiO4)3O3. Dumortierite crystallizes in the orthorhombic system typically forming fibrous aggregates of slender prismatic crystals. The crystals are vitreous and vary in color from brown, blue, and green to more rare violet and pink. Substitution of iron and other tri-valent elements for aluminium result in the color variations. It has a Mohs hardness of 7 and a specific gravity of 3.3 to 3.4. Crystals show pleochroism from red to blue to violet. Dumortierite quartz is blue colored quartz containing abundant dumortierite inclusions.

Dumortierite was first described in 1881 for an occurrence in Chaponost, in the Rhône-Alps of France and named for the French paleontologist Eugène Dumortier (1803–1873). It typically occurs in high temperature aluminium rich regional metamorphic rocks, those resulting from contact metamorphism and also in boron rich pegmatites. The most extensive investigation on dumortierite was done on samples from the high grade metamorphic Gfohl unit in Austria by Fuchs et al. (2005).

It is used in the manufacture of high grade porcelain. It is sometimes mistaken for sodalite and has been used as imitation lapis lazuli.

Sources of Dumortierite include Austria, Brazil, Canada, France, Italy, Madagascar, Namibia, Nevada, Norway, Peru, Poland, Russia, Indonesia, and Sri Lanka.

See also

List of minerals
List of minerals named after people

References

Mineral galleries
Dumortierite as a Commercial Mineral
 Dumortierite from Nevada

 

Aluminium minerals
Borate minerals
Nesosilicates
Gemstones
Orthorhombic minerals
Minerals in space group 62
Borosilicates
Humite. Humite is a mineral found in the volcanically ejected masses of Vesuvius. It was first described in 1813 and named for Abraham Hume (1749–1838).

See also

 Alleghanyite
 Chondrodite
 Clinohumite
 Jerrygibbsite

References

External links

Magnesium minerals
Iron(II) minerals
Gemstones
Humite group
Orthorhombic minerals
Minerals in space group 62
Allanite. Allanite (also called orthite) is a sorosilicate group of minerals within the broader epidote group that contain a significant amount of rare-earth elements. The mineral occurs mainly in metamorphosed clay-rich sediments and felsic igneous rocks. It has the general formula A2M3Si3O12[OH], where the A sites can contain large cations such as Ca2+, Sr2+, and rare-earth elements, and the M sites admit Al3+, Fe3+, Mn3+, Fe2+, or Mg2+ among others. However, a large amount of additional elements, including Th, U, Be, Zr, P, Ba, Cr and others may be present in the mineral. The International Mineralogical Association lists four minerals in the allanite group, each recognized as a unique mineral: allanite-(Ce), allanite-(La), allanite-(Nd), and allanite-(Y), depending on the dominant rare earth present: cerium, lanthanum, neodymium or yttrium.

Allanite contains up to 20% rare-earth elements and is a valuable source of them. The inclusion of thorium and other radioactive elements in allanite results in some interesting phenomena. Allanite often has a pleochroic halo of radiation damage in the minerals immediately adjacent. Also highly radioactive grains of allanite often have their structure disrupted or are metamict. The age of allanite grains that have not been destroyed by radiation can be determined using different techniques.

Allanite is usually black in color, but can be brown or brown-violet. It is often coated with a yellow-brown alteration product, likely limonite. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system and forms prismatic crystals. It has a Mohs hardness of 5.5–6 and a specific gravity of 3.5–4.2. It is also pyrognomic, meaning that it becomes incandescent at a relatively low temperature of about 95 °C.

It was discovered in 1810 and named for the Scottish mineralogist Thomas Allan (1777–1833). The type locality is Aluk Island, Greenland, where it was first discovered by Karl Ludwig Giesecke.

See also 
 List of minerals
 List of minerals named after people
 Austrium
 Dollaseite-(Ce)

References

Calcium minerals
Lanthanide minerals
Cerium minerals
Neodymium minerals
Yttrium minerals
Aluminium minerals
Iron(II,III) minerals
Epidote group
Radioactive gemstones
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 11
Minerals described in 1810
They Stole a Million. They Stole a Million is a strategy computer game released by Ariolasoft in 1986. The objective of the game is to plan robberies and execute the crime.
The player first purchases blueprints of the house where the soon-to-be-stolen object is kept. Then several specialists can be hired which disable alarms, open locks or drive the getaway car.

The planning stage allows the player to set waypoints, actions, and the times at which the actions should take place. For example, the alarm specialist needs two minutes to disable the alarm for a certain display. After two minutes, the lock picking master opens the display and takes the loot.

Gameplay

Development

Reception

They Stole a Million received generally positive reception from video game critics. It received a Your Sinclair Megagame award.

Legacy
A remake based on the IP was created under the name Der Clou!(The Clue!), followed by a sequel, The Sting!, from the developer's house that was known at the time as Neo Software. They would go on to be assimilated into the Rockstar Games umbrella of developers.

References

External links

They Stole a Million at GameFAQs

1986 video games
Amstrad CPC games
Ariolasoft games
Commodore 64 games
Single-player video games
Strategy video games
Video games about crime
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
ZX Spectrum games
9-Borabicyclo(3.3.1)nonane. 9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane or 9-BBN is an organoborane compound. This colourless solid is used in organic chemistry as a hydroboration reagent. The compound exists as a hydride-bridged dimer, which easily cleaves in the presence of reducible substrates. 9-BBN is also known by its nickname 'banana borane'. This is because rather than drawing out the full structure, chemists often simply draw a banana shape with the bridging boron.

Preparation
9-BBN is prepared by the reaction of 1,5-cyclooctadiene and borane usually in ethereal solvents, for example:

The compound is commercially available as a solution in tetrahydrofuran and as a solid. 9-BBN is especially useful in Suzuki reactions.

Its highly regioselective addition on alkenes allows the preparation of terminal alcohols by subsequent oxidative cleavage with H2O2 in aqueous KOH. The steric demand of 9-BBN greatly suppresses the formation of the 2-substituted isomer compared to the use of borane.

See also
 Organoboron chemistry
 Boron

References

Organoboranes
Reagents for organic chemistry
Internet telephony service provider. An Internet telephony service provider (ITSP)  offers digital telecommunications services based on Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) that are provisioned via the Internet.

ITSPs provide services to end-users directly or as whole-sale suppliers to other ITSPs.

ITSPs use a variety of signaling and multimedia protocols, including the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), the Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP), Megaco, and the H.323 protocol. H.323 is one of the earliest VoIP protocols, but its use is declining and it is rarely used for consumer products.

Retail customers of an ITSP may use traditional analog telephone sets attached to an analog telephony adapter (ATA) to connect to the service provider's network via a local area network, they may use an IP phone, or they may connect a private branch exchange (PBX) system to the service via media gateways.

ITSPs are also known as voice service providers (VSP).

History
In the United States, net2Phone began offering consumer VoIP service in 1995.

Usually, ITSPs negotiate agreements for route termination to various parts of the world from multiple VoIP providers. ITSP customers may be able to choose a VoIP provider for their VoIP calls. Customers may be able to do this by specifying the maximum price they are willing to pay per minute for a call and the lowest quality they are willing to tolerate. The ITSP routing software searches for the wholesale VoIP providers who meet the customer specification and attempt to route the customer call to the providers starting with the one have the lowest quoted price. Pricing to different parts of the world depend on several factors, such as the routing via a white route or a black route, wholesaler's margin, and the country's regulations.

See also
 List of VoIP companies
 SIP trunking
 Telecommunications service provider
 VoIP

References

Voice over IP
Arthur Vierendeel. Arthur Vierendeel (10 April 1852 – 8 November 1940) was a civil engineer born in Leuven, Belgium. He had a career as a university professor, and civil engineer. The structure known as the Vierendeel truss is named after him.

Biography
He obtained an MSc in construction and mining engineering in 1874 at the Université catholique de Louvain, after which he worked as an engineer for the company Nicaise et Delcuve in La Louvière, Belgium. In 1885 he became Director for the Ministry of Public Works in West Flanders, and four years afterward also achieved the post of Professor of Construction, Material Strength, and Structural Engineering at the Université catholique de Louvain.

The idea of a bridge without trusses came to him in 1895; the design later became known as a Vierendeel bridge. For the 1897 World Fair at Brussels he built a 31.5m span bridge at his own expense and loaded to show the correlation between measurement and his numerical analysis.

His work, Cours de stabilité des constructions (1889) was an important reference during more than half a century. His first bridge was built in Avelgem in 1902, crossing the Scheldt river. The construction of this bridge became famous through the Stijn Streuvels book De Teloorgang van de Waterhoek.

He retired as director of public works in West Flanders in 1927, and as Professor at Leuven Catholic University in 1936. He died in 1940.

Legacy
The Vierendeel truss was used in Belgium, particularly on the Belgian railways. Discussions in the journal Der Eisenbau concerning the pros and cons of the Vierendeel truss led to the development of deformational modelling of structures - necessary for mathematical analysis of Vierendeel trusses.

He emphasised an importance of aesthetics over pure engineering:

As of 2011 the castellated beam and cellular beam are in common use in construction for roof and floor support - both are open web structures without diagonal trusses; vierendeel truss type analysis is used to understand and predict failure modes, which include vierendeel truss type failures.

See also
Vierendeel bridge

References

External links

 (Vierendeel bridges, publications and other information)
Representing structure. Reflections on the work of Arthur Vierendeel "La construction architecturale en fonte, fer et acier" Paper written by Isaac López César and Javier Estévez Cimadevila.

1852 births
1940 deaths
Belgian civil engineers
20th-century Belgian engineers
19th-century Belgian engineers
Catholic University of Leuven (1834–1968) alumni
Alta-class minesweeper. The Alta class is a ship class of minesweepers operated by the Royal Norwegian Navy. An almost identical class of minehunters is known as the .

Design
The Alta class was built by Kværner Mandal during 1996 and 1997, while the related Oksøy class was built in 1994 and 1995. A total of nine vessels were built, five minesweepers and four minehunters. The catamaran hull is built in a fibre-reinforced plastic sandwich of very low magnetic signature.

Two large fans located on each side create an air cushion between the two hulls and a front and aft rubber skirt, lifting the vessel, giving small drag and a high cruise speed, as well as low susceptibility to the shock of exploding mines since only a small portion of the hull is actually exposed in the water. Propulsion by water jet, again one in each hull, gives a low acoustic signature. A degaussing system gives the vessels extremely low electromagnetic signature.

Ships

Service history
Orkla was destroyed by fire on 19 November 2002. Glomma is no longer in active service. Alta was scrapped along with the Oksøy class M341 Karmøy prior to 23 July 2022

References

External links
Oksøy and Alta class
 Alta class
Alta / Oksoy Surface Effect Ship (SES)

Mine warfare vessel classes
Minesweepers of the Royal Norwegian Navy
Andy Wellings. Andy J. Wellings is a professor in the Computer Science department at the University of York in northern England.  He works closely with Alan Burns on real-time systems, distributed, concurrent and real-time programming languages.

Andy Wellings is a member of the team responsible for the creation of the Real-time specification for Java. He is also an Ada programming language expert.

Books 
Wellings has written a number of books on programming, especially in Ada.

References

External links 
 Andy Wellings's departmental home page
 Personal home page
 
 
 Andy Wellings, Scientific Commons
           Andy Wellings, LinkedIn

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Academics of the University of York
English computer scientists
Computer science writers
Programming language designers
Sinking (metalworking). Sinking, also known as doming, dishing or dapping, is a metalworking technique whereby flat sheet metal is formed into a non-flat object by hammering it into a concave indentation. While sinking is a relatively fast method, it results in stretching and therefore thinning the metal, risking failure of the metal if it  is "sunk" too far.

Sinking is used in the manufacture of many items, from jewellery to plate armour.

See also
 Planishing

References 
 Rupert Finegold and William Seitz. Silversmithing. Krause; 1983. 
  Price, Brian R. Techniques of Medieval Armour Reproduction. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 2000. 

Metal forming
Jewellery making
Gerard A. Alphonse. Gerard A. Alphonse is a Haitian-American electrical engineer, physicist and research scientist,.

Biography
Alphonse received a BSEE (1958) and MSEE (1959) from New York University, and a PhD in Electrophysics from Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute in 1967.

As documented in the book by Alexander Magoun, Alphonse spent much of his career at the RCA Labs later to become spun off as the Sarnoff Institute. He invented and demonstrated the world's highest performance superluminescent diode in 1986. The device is a broadband semiconductor light source and key component of next-generation fiber optic gyroscopes, low coherence tomography for medical imaging, and external cavity tunable lasers with applications to fiber optic communications. 

Alphonse was the 2005 president of the United States division of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). He has served on several of IEEE's committees and boards.

He holds more than 50 U.S. patents, was inducted into the New Jersey Inventors' Hall of Fame in 2005, and in 2016 was honored with the Marcus Garvey Lifetime Achievement Award by the Institute for Caribbean Studies in Washington, D.C.

Personal life 
His daughter is the journalist Lylah M. Alphonse.

References

Polytechnic Institute of New York University alumni
The College of New Jersey faculty
Fellows of the IEEE
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
American electrical engineers

New York University alumni
New York University Tandon School of Engineering alumni
Type 1 heavy machine gun. was a heavy machine gun used by the Imperial Japanese Army during the later stages of the Second World War. Though seemingly intended to replace the older Type 92 heavy machine gun, the weapon never underwent the same level of mass production as its predecessor due to either material shortages or the fact that the Type 92 heavy machine gun was deemed as acceptable.

Description
The Type 1 is essentially a smaller, lighter version of the Type 92 heavy machine gun. It employs the same principles of operation, simply with scaled down components. The barrel is designed to be rapidly changed in the field to prevent overheating, as a result the barrel cooling rings were reduced in size and the barrel jacket was done away with entirely. It was fed from 30-round brass feed strips. The overall rate of fire was higher than that of the Type 92 heavy machine gun. Like previous Japanese heavy machine gun models, the Type 1 was strip fed with 30 round strips. It was mounted in the same way as previous Japanese machine guns and issued to machine gun companies at the battalion level.

See also
Type 3 heavy machine gun
Type 92 heavy machine gun
Hotchkiss M1914 machine gun

References

 

Heavy machine guns
World War II infantry weapons of Japan
World War II machine guns
Machine guns of Japan
Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1942
Meck Island. Meck Island (, ) is part of the Kwajalein Atoll in the Ralik Chain in the Republic of the Marshall Islands,  southwest of Honolulu, Hawaii.

Meck is part of the Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site, and a launch site for anti-ballistic missiles and launch vehicles is based there. It was originally developed in support of the Sentinel program of the 1960s, and hosted a radar site and launchers for Sprint and Spartan missiles. It has been used for a variety of tests since then, including the Safeguard program, Homing Overlay Experiment, Exoatmospheric Kill Vehicle, THAAD and others.

References

Kwajalein Atoll
Islands of the Marshall Islands
PSNA College of Engineering and Technology. PSNA College of Engineering & Technology (PSNA CET) is an Autonomous Engineering College situated in Kothandaraman Nagar, Dindigul, in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is affiliated to Anna University and approved by the All India Council for Technical Education of New Delhi. It is accredited with the rating of A++ by NAAC with CGPA of 3.65.

History
The College was founded in 1984 by the late Thiru R.S. Kothandaraman. The college functions under the aegis of Sri Rangalatchumi Educational Trust and is approved by the All India Council for Technical Education.

Location
The campus is situated near the village Muthanampatti, about  from Dindigul, along the National Highway, NH 83 towards Palani. It is spread over 45 hectares.

Programmes offered

U.G. degree programmes
 Mechanical Engineering
 Information Technology
 Civil Engineering
 Computer science and Engineering
 Electronics & Communication Engineering
 Electrical & Electronics Engineering
 Bio-Medical Engineering
 Artificial intelligence and data science
 Computer science and business system

B.E. and prince. (3 years)
 Diploma Holders can join directly in the second year

P.G. degree programmes
 M.E. Computer Science & Engineering (2 years)
 M.E. Power Electronics & Drives (2 years)
 M.E. Computer & Communication (2 years)
 M.E. Applied Electronics (2 years)
 M.E. (VLSI Design) (2 years)
 M.E. Structural Engineering (2 years)
 M.E. Engineering Design (2 years)
 M.B.A. (2 years)
 M.C.A. (3 years)
Following programs are accredited by NAC, AICTE.
 Mechanical Engineering (UG)
 Electronics & Communication Engineering (UG)
 Electrical & Electronics Engineering (UG)
 Computer science and Engineering (UG)
 Civil Engineering (UG)
 M.B.A (PG)

Awards
PSNA received the Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan - National Award (2007) from the Indian Society for Technical Education (ISTE) for best overall performance. This is jointly awarded to this college and P.S.G. College of Technology Coimbatore.

Rankings 
The National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) ranked the college between 201-300 in the engineering rankings in 2024.

References

External links

Engineering colleges in Tamil Nadu
Educational institutions established in 1984
Education in Dindigul district
All India Council for Technical Education
1984 establishments in Tamil Nadu
Universities and colleges in Dindigul district
Alex Golden Oblad. Alex Golden Oblad (November 26, 1909 – September 19, 2000) was a prominent chemist and chemical engineer principally recognized for his pioneering work in catalysis and catalytic chemistry.

Early life and education
Oblad was born in Salt Lake City, Utah and raised in Sugar House, Utah. Educated first at the University of Utah and subsequently receiving a Ph.D. from Purdue University, he spent the bulk of his career working for energy and engineering companies developing innovative chemical processes.

Career
His career began at Standard Oil of Indiana in the 1930s and included increasingly important research and management positions at Mobil Oil, Houdri Process Company, Air Products, and the M.W. Kellogg Company, of which Oblad became vice president of research.

Among his most recognized achievements was development of catalytic cracking, a process he worked on with Eugene Houdry and others that made economically feasible the low-cost, mass production of high-octane gasoline. After a distinguished career in industry, Oblad accepted a teaching and research position at the University of Utah as Distinguished Professor of Fuels Engineering, where he also served for several years as acting college dean. Oblad received honorary doctorate degrees from both the University of Utah and Purdue University in recognition of his contributions to each institution.

A lifelong member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and dedicated husband and father of six, Oblad died in 2000 of causes incident to age. Oblad also wrote an article on the work of Eugene Jules Houdry and was a member of the National Academy of Engineering and the National Academy of Sciences.

Sources
Report on Oblad patents
Meridian Magazine article on Mormon Scientists
Article on Houdry and his process, listing work by Oblad as a source
Salt Lake City newspaper article upon Oblad's death

1909 births
2000 deaths
American chemical engineers
20th-century American chemists
20th-century American inventors
American Latter Day Saints
Scientists from Salt Lake City
Purdue University alumni
University of Utah alumni
University of Utah faculty
ExxonMobil people
DRMS. DRMS may refer to: Dhyan Record Management & Consulting Services - 

 Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service, an entity that disposes of United States military surplus
 Digital rights management system — see Digital rights management
 Distributed resource management system (more commonly known as a job scheduler), a software that is in charge of unattended background executions in a distributed computing system
 Desert Ridge Middle School, a middle school in Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
  Demand Response Management System