omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Xenomai. Xenomai is a software framework cooperating with the Linux kernel to provide interface-agnostic, hard real-time computing support to user space application software seamlessly integrated into the Linux environment.

The Xenomai project was launched in August 2001. In 2003, it merged with the Real-Time Application Interface (RTAI) project to produce RTAI/fusion, a real-time free software platform for Linux on Xenomai's abstract real-time operating system (RTOS) core. Eventually, the RTAI/fusion effort became independent from RTAI in 2005 as the Xenomai project.

Xenomai is based on an abstract RTOS core, usable for building any kind of real-time interface, over a nucleus which exports a set of generic RTOS services. Any number of RTOS personalities called “skins” can then be built over the nucleus, providing their own specific interface to the applications, by using the services of a single generic core to implement it.

Xenomai vs. RTAI 
Many differences exist between Xenomai and RTAI, though both projects share a few ideas and support the RTDM (Real Time Data Monitoring) layer. The major differences derive from the goals the projects aim for, and from their respective implementation. While RTAI is focused on lowest technically feasible latencies, Xenomai also considers clean extensibility (RTOS skins), portability, and maintainability as very important goals. Xenomai's path towards Ingo Molnár's PREEMPT_RT support is another major difference compared to RTAI's objectives.

See also 
 Adaptive Domain Environment for Operating Systems (Adeos)
 RTAI

References

External links 
 
 
 Radboud Univ. - Xenomai see the Xenomai exercises

Real-time operating systems
Mor-Gran-Sou Electric Cooperative. Mor-Gran-Sou Electric Cooperative, Inc. is a public utility cooperative based in Flasher, North Dakota, USA. It is one of the electric distribution utilities in south central North Dakota, primarily serving Morton, Grant and Sioux Counties. Mandan is the largest city in its service area, but Flasher is the largest town served by the co-operative. Mor-Gran-Sou Electric is a member of and receives power from Basin Electric Power Cooperative.  Mor-Gran-Sou also purchases hydroelectric power from the federal Western Area Power Administration.

External links
Mor-Gran-Sou Electric Cooperative web site

Google Books link Multiple sources for Mor-Gran-Sou Electric Cooperative

Electric cooperatives in North Dakota
Electric power companies of the United States
Morton County, North Dakota
Staged event-driven architecture. The staged event-driven architecture (SEDA) refers to an approach to software architecture that decomposes a complex, event-driven application into a set of stages connected by queues. It avoids the high overhead associated with thread-based concurrency models (i.e. locking, unlocking, and polling for locks), and decouples event and thread scheduling from application logic. By performing admission control on each event queue, the service can be well-conditioned to load, preventing resources from being overcommitted when demand exceeds service capacity.

SEDA employs dynamic control to automatically tune runtime parameters (such as the scheduling parameters of each stage) as well as to manage load (like performing adaptive load shedding). Decomposing services into a set of stages also enables modularity and code reuse, as well as the development of debugging tools for complex event-driven applications.

See also
Event-driven architecture (EDA)
Service-oriented architecture (SOA)
Pipeline (computing)

References

Bibliography

External links
Apache ServiceMix provides a Java SEDA wrapper, combining it with related message architectures (JMS, JCA & straight-through flow).
JCyclone: Java open source implementation of SEDA
Mule ESB is another open-source Java implementation
SEDA: An Architecture for Highly Concurrent Server Applications describing the PhD thesis by Matt Welsh from Harvard University
A Retrospective on SEDA by Matt Welsh, July 26, 2010

Events (computing)
Software architecture
GlobalView. GlobalView was an integrated “desktop environment” including word-processing, desktop-publishing, and simple calculation (spreadsheet) and database functionality. It was developed at Xerox PARC as a way to run the software originally developed for their Xerox Alto, Xerox Star and Xerox Daybreak 6085 specialized workstations on Sun Microsystems workstations and IBM PC-based platforms.

Overview
Initially, GlobalView required an additional processor on a PC expansion card; it was late run using emulation. Though the software it was based on had once been far ahead of its time (in terms of its integration and use of a graphical user interface), the high cost of the processor and later low speed of the emulator doomed it to poor sales (almost exclusively old customers of the Alto and Star, recognized as precursors of the Apple Macintosh but in themselves expensive corporate niche machines). The resulting lack of resources for development left it to fall further and further behind its competitors. It existed from the late 1980s until the early 1990s.

Reception
In 1988, Stewart Alsop II cited "two significant problems with ViewPoint". He said that the lack of freedom for third-party software "to develop a separate identity" meant that they would be "invisible" like expansion cards. Alsop believed that ViewPoint had changed little from the original Xerox PARC technology created more than ten years earlier, because (unlike Apple and Microsoft's "hundreds of thousands of users") not enough consumers had used it to give Xerox feedback. He advised the company to "be much less defensive and much more open minded; it needs to stop resting on its laurels".

References

External links
 Xerox GlobalView 2.1 Screenshots 

Xerox
Kemaman Port. Kemaman Port (Malay: , Jawi: ڤلابوهن كمامن) is a major seaport located on the east coast of Malaysia in the state of Terengganu. Chukai is a major town which is located near the port and serves as the district capital of Kemaman.

History and description
There are other significant activities carried out in the port.  There are three other large wharves: the East, the new West, and the North wharf.

The East wharf was constructed to handle the import/export materials of the Perwaja Steel works, and is designed to import iron ores, and scrap.  It also serves to export DRI (direct reduced iron) and finished products such as steel bars, rods, and billets.

The West wharf was constructed and commissioned in 2000, and was built to serve the new iron and steel works being constructed by Gunawan Iron and Steel. It was designed to import lump iron ores, sinter, fluxes, coke, and alloying elements for a blast furnace based integrated iron and steel works, the first in South East Asia. It was also built to export the steel plates and slabs to the domestic and international markets.
It was to accommodate two large capacity bulk ship unloaders which were bought from Bagnoli, Italy, and shipped to Kemaman.

The Gunawan venture was affected by the Asian currency crisis in the late 1990s. The project was to construct a blast furnace based iron and steel works from used equipment sourced from Europe.  The blast furnace came from the Netherlands (IJmuiden), the steelplant from Austria (Linz), and various other items came from Scotland, England, and Italy.  The raw materials handling equipment was a mixture of new and used items from the UK and Malaysia. Approximately 50% of the construction costs were to be spent on imported items, and when the currency crisis hit, it became impossible to obtain the foreign funds needed to complete the project.  Malaysia was effectively cut off from access to foreign currency by the international banks, and the completion of the project was rendered impossible. It was to have been the first blast furnace based iron and steel making fully integrated works in South East Asia.

The West wharf is now a general purpose wharf.  It is 550 metres long with a water depth of 15 metres.

The smaller North wharf serves the oil industry's off-shore facilities.

The harbour has been dredged to a depth of 15 meters, and can handle Panamax vessels up to 70,000 tonnes.  In the future it can be dredged to a maximum of 19 metres, which will be deep enough for small cape vessels.

The conceptual and basic design was carried out by Steel Engineers and Consultants, assisted by Suramas, a Malaysian civil engineering consultant.

References

External links
Konsortium Pelabuhan Kemaman webpage

Ports and harbours of Malaysia
Gulf of Thailand
Alvis Salamander. The Alvis Salamander is a six-wheel drive  airport crash tender with off-road capabilities, developed in 1956.

It shares the same common Alvis six-wheel-drive chassis and other components with the FV 601 Saladin armoured car and FV 603 Saracen armoured personnel carrier. In turn it led to the FV 620 Stalwart load carrier which was derived from the Salamander.

The vehicle is powered by a  Rolls-Royce B81 straight-eight engine producing  at 4000 RPM and  of torque at 2500 RPM.

Firefighting equipment was provided by The Pyrene Company Limited. It could produce 7,500 gallons of foam per minute and carried a crew of 6. 

125 Salamanders were built and used by the Royal Air Force (as the Alvis Salamander/Pyrene Mark 6) and the Royal Canadian Air Force. From the late 1970s on they were replaced by vehicles like the Thornycroft Nubian Pyrene Mark 7.

References

Fire service vehicles
Military vehicles of the United Kingdom
Off-road vehicles
Salamander
Aircraft rescue and firefighting
Datapath. A data path is a collection of functional units  such as arithmetic logic units (ALUs) or multipliers that perform data processing operations, registers, and buses. Along with the control unit it composes the central processing unit (CPU). A larger data path can be made by joining more than one data paths using multiplexers.

A data path is the ALU, the set of registers, and the CPU's internal bus(es) that allow data to flow between them.

The simplest design for a CPU uses one common internal bus.
Efficient addition requires a slightly more complicated three-internal-bus structure.
Many relatively simple CPUs have a 2-read, 1-write register file
connected to the 2 inputs and 1 output of the ALU.

During the late 1990s, there was growing research in the area of reconfigurable data paths—data paths that may be re-purposed at run-time using programmable fabric—as such designs may allow for more efficient processing as well as substantial power savings.

Finite state machine with data path 

A finite-state machine with data path (FSMD)  is a mathematical abstraction which combines a finite-state machine, which controls the program flow, with a data path. It can be used to design digital logic or computer programs.

FSMDs are essentially sequential programs in which statements have been scheduled into states, thus resulting in more complex state diagrams. Here, a program is converted into a complex state diagram in which states and arcs may include arithmetic expressions, and those expressions may use external inputs and outputs as well as variables. The FSMD level of abstraction is often referred to as the register-transfer level.

FSMs do not use variables or arithmetic operations/conditions, thus FSMDs are more powerful than FSMs. An FSMD is equivalent to a Turing machine in expressiveness.

References 

Central processing unit
Digital electronics
Multilaminar veneer. Multilaminar wood veneer uses plantation wood to reproduce decorative effects that are typical of quality wood species (often protected and rare). This aids the preservation of biodiversity and complies with the principles of sustainable forest management.

In this veneering process, large sheets of veneer are produced on a machine similar to a lathe. These are dyed, spread with suitable adhesives, and then compressed and bonded into thick (typically 70 cm) logs, which are then sliced to create the end product.  If the sheets are compressed between platens with an undulating surface, the slice will cross several layers to produce a patterned effect.  Many different designs can be obtained by varying the platens, the dyes and the stacking order.

Although the product may be considered sustainable, multilaminar veneer does have a relatively high carbon footprint due to the numerous dyeing, laminating, pressing, and slicing operations.

References

Engineered wood
HDCopy. HDCopy is a disk image application for floppy disks that runs in MS-DOS. It can copy a floppy on the fly, or by using archives with IMG file extension that store the content of the disk with a proprietary file format ().
For the proprietary file format compression can be used or deactivated. The compression algorithm is called "Byte-Run-2-Algorithm" by the author.

It was written by Oliver Fromme and is distributed as cardware.

Do not confuse the HD in its name with hard disk. HD represents high density (floppy disks with capacity greater than 1.2 MB).

In the early 90s, when floppy diskettes for PCs were widely used, HDCopy was extremely popular in many places. Its usage started to decline as floppy disks became less widely used.

The last released version of HDCopy is 2.0a. There is also a version 3.0a developed later by a Chinese programmer, which is not to be confused with Fromme's version.

Features 
The program can handle a large variety of non-standard formats and in many cases automatically recover bad sectors.

To use these images, you may need to restore the image using HDCopy and then create a raw image of it using RawWrite, dd, WinImage, etc. You may also need to use a virtual floppy drive to emulate a floppy drive.

See also 
Track0
VGA-Copy

References

External links
Free Download of HD-Copy (Archived)

DOS software
LORAN-C transmitter Hexian. LORAN-C transmitter Hexian is the master station of the China South Sea  LORAN-C Chain ( GRI 6780 ).
It uses a transmission power of 1200 kW.
LORAN-C transmitter Hexian is situated near Hexian at ().

References
http://www.megapulse.com/chaininfo.html  

Towers in China
LORAN-C transmitters in China
Iminophosphorane. Iminophosphorane (or, more correctly, phosphanimine) is a kind of organophosphorus compound with the formula .  Like the corresponding phosphine oxides and Wittig reagents, phosphanimines are ylides.  Their bonding is described by two resonance structures.

Preparation

Aza-ylides can be obtained via the reaction of a tertiary phosphine and an organic azide with the loss of dinitrogen. Triphenylphosphine is a commonly used phosphine.

Examples
The parent phosphanimine has the formula  (registry number 25682-80-8) remains only of theoretical interest.  Of practical value are derivatives of triorganophosphines and organic amines.  A prototype is the phenyl imide derivative of triphenylphosphine, a white, lipophilic solid.

Bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium chloride, a common iminophosphorane, is prepared in two steps from triphenylphosphine :

A phosphanimine is obtainable from trimethylsilyl azide and triphenylphosphine.  Desilylation gives the anion .

Reactions
Phosphanimines are one of the components in the aza-Wittig reaction.  The other component is an aldehyde or a ketone.  They also are components of the Staudinger ligation.

See also
 Phosphazenes are analogues of iminophosphoranes with the formula

References

Organophosphorus compounds
Phenyl compounds
MOTS. MOTS may refer to:

 Man on the street
 Military off-the-shelf
 Modified Off-The-Shelf - a standard product that can be modified after purchase to suit the needs of the user
 Momac-Offshore-Transfer-System, a computer based Offshore-Access-System (OAS), that allows a transfer of persons and material between ships even at moving sea
 Star Wars Jedi Knight: Mysteries of the Sith, an expansion pack for the first-person shooter Star Wars Jedi Knight: Dark Forces II
 Marginally outer trapped surfaces - black hole boundaries in General Relativity
 Music of the Sun, an album by Rihanna
 Music of the Spheres, an album by Coldplay
 "Music of the Spheres I", a song by Coldplay
 "Music of the Spheres II", a song by Coldplay
 Music of the Spheres World Tour, a 2022 concert tour supporting the album of the same name
 Map of the Soul, a phrase used on the title of various BTS releases
 Map of the Soul: Persona, a 2019 EP by BTS
 Map of the Soul: 7, a 2020 album by BTS
 Map of the Soul: 7 – The Journey, a 2020 Japanese version album of Map of the Soul: 7 by BTS
 Map of the Soul Tour, a cancelled worldwide concert tour by BTS

See also
 Off-the-shelf
Demulsifier. Demulsifiers, or emulsion breakers, are a class of specialty chemicals used to separate emulsions, for example, water in oil. They are commonly used in the processing of crude oil, which is typically produced along with significant quantities of saline water. This water  (and salt) must be removed from the crude oil prior to refining. If the majority of the water and salt are not removed, significant corrosion problems can occur in the refining process.

Demulsifiers are typically based on the following chemistry:
 Acid catalysed phenol-formaldehyde resins
 Base catalysed phenol-formaldehyde resins
 Epoxy resins
 Polyethyleneimines
 Polyamines
 Di-epoxides
 Polyols
 dendrimer

The above are usually ethoxylated (and/or propoxylated) to provide the desired degree of water/oil solubility.
The addition of ethylene oxide increases water solubility, propylene oxide decreases it.

Commercially available demulsifier formulations are typically a mixture of two to four different chemistries, in carrier solvent(s) such as xylene, heavy aromatic naphtha (HAN), Isopropanol, methanol, 2-Ethylhexanol or diesel.

Demulsifiers are manufactured by chemical manufacturers including:
 Arkema
 Baker Hughes
 BASF
 ChampionX
 Clariant
 Dow Chemical Company
 Lubrizol
 Nouryon
 PureChem Services (CES)
 SI Group
 Chembiotec Additives 
 Solvay
 Stepan
 Starborn Chemical
 Dorf Ketal Chemicals

References

Chemical mixtures
Vantage. Vantage may refer to:

Places 
Vantage, Saskatchewan, Canada
Vantage, Washington, United States

Aircraft 
Vantage Airport Group, an airport management company
VisionAire Vantage, a prototype single-engine jet aircraft built by Scaled Composites
Superior Air Parts Vantage, an American aircraft engine design
Vantage Club, a frequent flyer program for Monarch Airlines
Vantage, a flat-bed, business-class airline seat developed by James Thompson

Other uses 
Aston Martin Vantage, automobiles manufactured by Aston Martin
Vantage (cigarette), a cigarette brand manufactured by R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
Vantage Guitars, a guitar brand manufactured by Matsumoku
Vantage Championship, a 1986 golf tournament
Vantage Magazine, a publication at Crystal Springs Uplands School in Hillsborough, California
Vantage Specialty Chemicals, a specialty chemicals company
Vantage, a playable character in the game Apex Legends

See also
Vantage point (disambiguation)
Formyl fluoride. Formyl fluoride is the organic compound with the formula HC(O)F.

Preparation
HC(O)F was first reported in 1934.  Among the many preparations, a typical one involves the reaction of  sodium formate with benzoyl fluoride (generated in situ from KHF2 and benzoyl chloride):

HCOONa +  C6H5C(O)F  →  FC(O)H  +  C6H5COONa

Structure
The molecule is planar; C-O and C-F distances are 1.18 and 1.34 A, respectively.

Reactions
HC(O)F decomposes autocatalytically near room temperature to carbon monoxide and hydrogen fluoride:

HC(O)F  →  HF  +  CO

Because of the compound's sensitivity, reactions are conducted at low temperatures and samples are often stored over anhydrous alkali metal fluorides, e.g. potassium fluoride which absorbs HF.

Benzene (and other arenes) react with formyl fluoride in the presence of boron trifluoride to give benzaldehyde.  In a related reaction, formyl chloride is implicated in Gattermann-Koch formylation reaction.  The reaction of formyl fluoride/BF3 with perdeuteriobenzene (C6D6) exhibits a kinetic isotope effect of 2.68, similar to the isotope effect observed in Friedel-Crafts acetylation of benzene.  Formylation of benzene with a mixture of CO and hexafluoroantimonic acid however, exhibits no isotope effect (C6H6 and C6D6 react at the same rate), indicating that this reaction involves a more reactive formylating agent, possibly CHO+.

Formyl fluoride undergoes the reactions expected of an acyl halide: alcohols and carboxylic acids are converted to formate esters and mixed acid anhydrides, respectively.

References

Acyl fluorides
Substances discovered in the 1930s
IBM ViVA. ViVA (Virtual Vector Architecture) is a technology from IBM for coupling together multiple scalar floating point units to act as a single vector processor. Certain computing tasks are more efficiently handled through vector computations where an instruction can be applied to multiple elements simultaneously, rather than the scalar approach where one instruction is applied to one piece of data at a time. This kind of technology is highly sought after for scientific computing and is IBM's answer to the vector-based supercomputers pioneered by Cray and that was the basis for NEC's Earth Simulator which was the fastest supercomputer in the world 2002-2004.

ViVA was developed and implemented by IBM together with National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center inside the Blue Planet project where they had 8 dual core POWER5 processors made into one vector processor capable of approximately 60-80 GFLOPS of computing power. ViVA technology is in use in the ASC Purple supercomputer.

Where ViVA was a software implementation in high-end POWER5 based systems, the second generation, ViVA-2, is directly supported by hardware in the POWER6 processor.

References 

Blue Planet: Extending IBM Power Technology and Virtual Vector Processing – NERSC
Science-Driven System Architecture: A New Process for Leadership Class Computing – NERSC
An eCLipz Looms on the Horizon – Real World Technologies

IBM computer hardware
Malcolm T. Stamper. Malcolm Stamper (April 4, 1925 – June 14, 2005) was the longest serving president in Boeing's history and was best known for leading 50,000 people in the race to build the 747 jetliner.

Born and raised in Detroit, Michigan, Stamper joined Boeing in 1962 after working for General Motors.
His first assignment at Boeing was to sell its ailing gas turbine division to Caterpillar. Following this success, Boeing president William M. Allen asked Stamper to spearhead production of the new 747 airplane on which the company's future depended. This was a monumental engineering and management challenge, which involved the construction of the world's biggest factory in which to build the 747 at Everett, Washington, a plant which spanned the size of roughly 53 acres.

In 1978, Stamper was one of only a dozen U.S. corporate executives to earn over a million dollars.

He served as president of the company and a member of the board of directors from 1972 until 1985, when he became vice chairman of the board. During the 1969-70 recession, Stamper presided over the layoff of nearly two-thirds of its 101,000 employees. By the late 1970s, however, the 747 was a huge success. By the time Stamper retired in 1990, Boeing seemed to face no serious threat from McDonnell Douglas or from European competitor Airbus. He predicted that the company would remain the leader in the field for the foreseeable future.

Stamper also served on boards at Nordstrom, Chrysler, Whittaker Corporation,  Travelers Insurance, Pro Air, the Seattle Art Museum and the Smithsonian Institution. After retiring from Boeing, he started a children's book publishing company.

Stamper was the grandfather of Jay Stamper, an entrepreneur and unsuccessful nominee for the U.S. Senate in the 2014 South Carolina Democratic Party primary.

References

Boeing people
Georgia Tech alumni
1925 births
2005 deaths
20th-century American businesspeople