omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
JoMei Chang. JoMei Chang (born 1952) is a Taiwanese computer scientist and technology business executive in Silicon Valley and China. Chang was named a leading CEO by Fortune Magazine and an Entrepreneur of the Year by BusinessWeek.

Life
Born circa 1952 in Taiwan, Chang was accepted into the National Chiao Tung University where she received a B.S. in Electric Engineering in 1974.

Chang graduated from Purdue University with a M.S. and Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering and Database Management. In 2004, Purdue University honored her with the Outstanding Electrical & Computer Engineer Award.

Chang co-patented a protocol for reliable multicast with Nicholas F. Maxemchuk.
Her often-cited papers were published in 1984.

Vitria
In October 1994 Chang and her husband Dale Skeen founded Vitria Technology to do business process management and enterprise application integration.
Chang and Skeen provided initial funding for Vitria, along with Robert M. Halperin. Additional venture capital in subsequent rounds came from Brentwood Associates, Sutter Hill Ventures and Weston Presidio Capital.
Vitria filed for their initial public offering (IPO) in June 1999 during the dot-com bubble. The stock shares were listed on the Nasdaq exchange under the symbol "VITR" on September 16, raising about $50 million.
For the year 1999, the company reported a net loss of about $16 million on revenues of about $31.5 million.
Vitria was headquartered in Sunnyvale, California.
For the year 2002, net loss was $91.6 million on revenues of about $97 million. Lawsuits were filed and consolidated into Kideys, et al., v. Vitria Technology, Inc., et al., Case No. 01-CV-10092 alleging misrepresentations around the IPO. The company defended itself and offered settlement.
On June 18, 2003, the Vitria board approved a settlement.

In December 2003, Chang resigned as chief executive of Vitria (but remained chair of the board). The Beijing, China, operations of Vitria were sold to ChiLin LLC, which she owned, for about $1.5 million.
In April 2004 the name was changed to QilinSoft.
It aimed to introduce integration and BPM technology to China.
In September 2006, Chang with Skeen proposed privatization of Vitria for about $67 million.
After some objections, the transaction closed in March 2007.
She returned as CEO in July 2007.

References

Living people
American computer businesspeople
Purdue University College of Engineering alumni
Taiwanese emigrants to the United States
Women chief executives
1952 births
Frederic Moll. Frederic Moll (born 1952) is a physician, medical device developer and entrepreneur, specializing in the field of medical robotics.

Early life and education 
Moll's mother and father were both pediatricians. He was raised in Seattle where he attended Lakeside School and was schoolmates with Microsoft cofounders Bill Gates and Paul Allen, graduating in 1969. Moll then attended the University of California at Berkeley where he earned a B.A. degree, before going to the University of Washington to earn his M.D. degree.

Career 
During his surgical residency at Virginia Mason Medical Center in the early 1980s, Moll says he was “struck by the size of the incision and injury created just to get inside the body.” He left his residency to develop the safety trocar, which helped make general laparoscopic surgery possible, and funded - and later sold - two medical equipment businesses in Silicon Valley: Endotherapeutics (acquired by United States Surgical) and Origin Medsystems (acquired by Eli Lilly). He also obtained an M.S. degree in business management from Stanford University.

Following its acquisition by Eli Lilly, Origin MedSystem became an operating company within Guidant in 1992. Moll served as medical director of Guidant's surgical division until 1995. During this time, he became certain that robotics could help to make routine surgery less invasive, and in 1995 left Guidant to found Intuitive Surgical with John Freund and Rob Younge. Since this time, Intuitive has worked on developing minimally-invasive, robotic assisted tools and platforms, including the da Vinci system for robotic-assisted surgical procedures.

Moll left Intuitive Surgical in 2002 to become founder & CEO of Hansen Medical, which developed robotic systems for vascular and interventional electrophysiology procedures, and a robotically steered catheter sheath. Hansen Medical received Frost & Sullivan's Product Innovation Award in 2008 for US Image-Guided and Robotic Assisted Surgery Devices.

Moll was a board member of Mako Surgical until its sale in 2013.

Moll co-founded surgical robotics company Auris Surgical Robots, now Auris Health, with Hari Sundram and J.P Velis in 2007. Auris Health's Monarch system is a diagnostic tool that uses robotic-assisted endoscopy. Its application in the earlier and more accurate diagnosis of lung cancer was approved by the FDA in 2018. Johnson & Johnson (J&J) announced its acquisition of Auris Health in February 2019; Moll joined J&J as Chief Development Officer as part of the acquisition, and was involved in the acquisition of Verb Surgical from Alphabet Inc.'s Verily Life Sciences at the end of 2019.

In 2016, Moll joined the board of RefleXion, a medical equipment company developing a biologically guided radiation therapy system for cancer treatment.

References 

American surgeons
Lakeside School (Seattle) alumni
Living people
1952 births
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Jiangnan Circuit. Jiangnan Circuit or Jiangnan Province was one of the major circuits during the Tang dynasty, Five Dynasties period, and early Song dynasty. During the Tang dynasty it was known as Jiangnan Dao (), and during the Song dynasty Jiangnan Lu (), but both dao and lu can be translated as "circuit". In 1020 it was divided into 2 circuits: Jiangnan East Circuit and Jiangnan West Circuit.

During the Tang dynasty, its administrative area included Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, as well as some parts of Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou, with its capital in Suzhou.

Its name"South of the River"refers to its location south of the Yangtze.

West Jiangnan, the future eponym of modern Jiangxi, was later separated from it.

See also
 Tang dynasty
 Administrative divisions of the Tang dynasty
 History of the administrative divisions of China

Circuits of the Tang dynasty
Circuits of the Song dynasty
Former circuits in Zhejiang
Former circuits in Fujian
Former circuits in Jiangxi
Former circuits in Jiangsu
Former circuits in Anhui
Former circuits in Hubei
Former circuits in Sichuan
Former circuits in Guizhou
Nova Measuring Instruments. Nova Ltd., formerly known as  Nova Measuring Instruments, is a publicly traded company, headquartered in Israel, a provider of metrology devices for advanced process control used in semiconductor manufacturing. Shares of the company are traded on the NASDAQ Global Market and on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange.

History 
Nova Ltd. was founded in May 1993 by Giora Dishon and Moshe Finarov. Disn graduated from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem with a Ph.D in materials science. Finarov earned a Ph.D in semiconductor physics from the Technical University in Moscow.

Intel Corporation became a client of and investor in Nova in 1997. In 1999 Nova announced the establishment of a subsidiary in Japan, Nova Measuring Instruments K.K., and that it was opening offices in Singapore in order to expand its presence in the Asia-Pacific market. Nova executed its initial public offering on the NASDAQ exchange in April 2000. In 2006 Nova acquired HyperNex Inc., a Pennsylvania-based developer of microstructure analysis tools. In 2021 Nova acquired  ancosys GmbH, a privately held German company, specializing in chemical metrology

See also 
 Metrology
 Semiconductor device fabrication
 TA BlueTech Index
 List of Israeli companies quoted on the Nasdaq

References 

Equipment semiconductor companies
Companies listed on the Nasdaq
Companies listed on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange
Companies in the TA-35 Index
Semiconductor companies of Israel
Companies established in 1993
Israeli brands
Aviastroitel AC-5M. The Aviastroitel AC-5M is a Russian mid-wing, single-seat, T-tailed motor glider and unmanned aerial vehicle that is produced by Aviastroitel, now Glider Air Craft.

Design and development
The AC-5M is derived from the motorized version of the Aviastroitel AC-4 Russia. Its design goals were to produce a simple and inexpensive self-launching sailplane. It had its first flight in December 1999 and production commenced in 2000 with a total of 35 completed.

The AC-5M features a  span wing that employs a Wortmann FX60-157 airfoil. The wings are mounted on the fuselage with a single cam-pin and the ailerons and air brakes hook-up automatically. Assembly can be accomplished by one person in five minutes. The engine is a  Zanzottera MZ-35R, which is a special narrow engine design developed specifically for retractable engine motor gliders. The engine retracts rearwards into a bay behind the cockpit and is closed by two doors for drag reduction. The propeller is a two bladed wooden design of  diameter. The landing gear is a retractable  monowheel gear with a lever-actuated drum brake, but without suspension. The cockpit can accommodate pilots up to  in height. The canopy provides 300° field of view and is jettisonable.

In 2003 the aircraft sold for US$33,000.

Operational history
In October 2011 there were 22 AC-5Ms registered with the US Federal Aviation Administration and one registered with Transport Canada. Because the aircraft was never type certified all American examples are in the Experimental - Racing/Exhibition category, while Canadian are in the Limited Category.

Variants

AC-5M
Single seat motor glider powered by a  Zanzottera MZ-35R two-stroke powerplant.
AC-5MP
Unmanned aerial vehicle version powered by a  Rotax 912UL four stroke powerplant mounted on a fixed, non-retractable pylon. This version mounts equipment for satellite navigation, radio remote control, TV monitoring and autonomous operation and was intended to operate at altitudes from .
AC-5K
Version of the 5M, but with a fixed  Simonini Victor 1 engine and a retractable two-blade wooden propeller.
AC-5Me
American developed prototype electric propulsion variant powered by a 25 kW (33.5 hp) Rotex RET-60, MGM-Compro HBC-280120-3EI controller and proprietary 4.4 kWh battery pack incorporating 448 Molicel P-26A cells.

Specifications (AC-5M)

See also

References

External links
Photos of the AC-5M
Photo of the AC-5M

1990s Russian sailplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1999
Mid-wing aircraft
AC-5M
Motor gliders
Aircraft with retractable bicycle landing gear
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Single-engined piston aircraft
T-tail aircraft
Aviastroitel AC-6. The Aviastroitel AC-6 is a Russian mid-wing, single-seat FAI 15 Metre Class glider that was designed and manufactured by Aviastroitel, now Glider Air Craft.

The aircraft was originally conceived as a retractable engine motor glider, to be a competitor to the Albastar Apis, but instead it was put into production as a conventional unpowered glider.

Design and development
The company states the design goal of the AC-6 as a glider for the competition and training roles, even though it does not have provisions for water ballast.

The AC-6 is a  wing span development of the  span AC-5M, with longer, higher aspect ratio wings terminating in winglets. Like the AC-5, the AC-6 wing employs a Wortmann FX 60-157 airfoil. Assembly of the wing to the fuselage uses a cam pin and incorporates automatic hookups for the ailerons and air brakes. The landing gear is a retractable  tire monowheel gear suspended with a pneumatic-hydraulic shock absorber. The wheel has a lever and cable operated drum brake. The cockpit can accommodate pilots up to  in height. The canopy provides 300° field of view and is jettisonable.

A two-seat version was also proposed.

Specifications (AC-6)

See also

References

2000s Russian sailplanes
AC-6
Shoulder-wing aircraft
Glider aircraft
Aircraft with retractable bicycle landing gear
T-tail aircraft
Radiation sensitivity. Radiation sensitivity is the susceptibility of a material to physical or chemical changes induced by radiation. Examples of radiation sensitive materials are silver chloride, photoresists and biomaterials. Pine trees are more radiation susceptible than birch due to the complexity of the pine DNA in comparison to the birch. Examples of radiation insensitive materials are metals and ionic crystals such as quartz and sapphire. The radiation effect depends on the type of the irradiating particles, their energy, and the number of incident particles per unit volume. Radiation effects can be transient or permanent. The persistence of the radiation effect depends on the stability of the induced physical and chemical change. Physical radiation effects depending on diffusion properties can be thermally annealed whereby the original structure of the material is recovered. Chemical radiation effects usually cannot be recovered.

See also
 Geochronometry- the quantitative measurement of geologic time
 Fission track dating- the radiometric dating technique based on fission fragments
 Radiosensitivity- the susceptibility of living cells, tissues, organs or organisms to the effects of ionizing radiation

References

Radiation effects
Tom Overton. Tom Overton (April 14, 1930 – May 4, 1988) was an American sound engineer. He was nominated for an Academy Award in the category Best Sound for the film A Star Is Born.

Selected filmography
 The Last Picture Show (1971)
 The Last Detail (1973)
 A Star Is Born (1976)
 Audrey Rose (1977)
 American Hot Wax (1978)
 Heaven Can Wait (1978)
 Airplane! (1980)
 Airplane II: The Sequel (1982)

References

External links

1930 births
1988 deaths
American audio engineers
Engineers from North Carolina
20th-century American engineers
Pouillet effect. In physics and chemical engineering, the term Pouillet effect refers to an exothermic reaction that takes place when a liquid is added to a powder. Strictly speaking, the heat generated is caused by adhesion of the liquid to the surface of the particles rather than by a chemical reaction. It was first observed in 1802 by physicist John Leslie, who noted that heat was evolved when dry sawdust was wetted with water. Claude Pouillet later described this phenomenon in 1822, and it subsequently became known as the Pouillet effect in France, and then elsewhere.

Negative Pouillet effect 
Under certain conditions, a negative Pouillet effect is possible, i.e., heat can be absorbed instead of being released. G. Schwalbe showed that in the case of water below 4 degrees Celsius, the temperature of the system decreases. Joseph Mellor argued that this is due to the negative thermal expansion coefficient of water between 0 and 4 degrees Celsius, with the temperature change  given by

 

where  is the thermal expansion coefficient,  is the specific heat,  is the specific gravity, and  is the applied pressure due to the addition of the liquid. According to this formula, any liquid with a negative thermal expansion coefficient would be expected to exhibit a drop in temperature.

References

Physical phenomena
Heat transfer
Io e Te. Io e te is the twenty-second album by Gianna Nannini, released on 11 January 2011.

Track listing

Personnel 

Gianna Nannini – vocals, violin, guitar
Wil Malone – strings, piano, synthesizer
Thomas Lang - drums
Francis Hylton - bass
Miles Bould - percussions
Davide Tagliapietra - guitars
Giorgio Mastrocola - guitar (on "Scusa")
Davide Tagliapietra – guitar
Production: Wil Malone and Gianna Nannini
Recording engineers: Mo Hausler, Raffaele Stefani
Mixing: Pino Pischetola, Cenzo Townshend
Mastering: Tony Cousin at Metropolis Studios, London
Photography - Steven Sebring
Art direction and design: Alberto Bettinetti

Charts and certifications

Peak positions

Certifications

Year-end charts

References

External links
 Gianna Nannini homepage

2011 albums
Gianna Nannini albums
Albums produced by Wil Malone
Interessengemeinschaft für Rundfunkschutzrechte. The Interessengemeinschaft für Rundfunkschutzrechte GmbH Schutzrechtsverwertung & Co. KG. ("IGR GmbH") is a patent holding company established by leading German radio and TV set manufacturers.

In the early 1980s the IGR GmbH got widely known for trying to restrict access of Japanese electronics companies to the German TV set market by way of patent licenses. At that time, a standard for providing stereophonic TV sound had been developed by the Institut für Rundfunktechnik. In 1980, the IGR GmbH acquired the then pending patent applications related to this standard for 150.000 DM (about 75.000 €) and granted patent licenses to its members only. The IGR GmbH planned to grant limited licenses to non-members at a later date.

In 1981, Salora, a Finnish TV set manufacturer, was unable to fulfill its contracts with major German mail-order firms after the IGR GmbH obtained an injunction from a court. Following a complaint by Salora, the European Commission started antitrust investigations against IGR GmbH but terminated the proceeding when IGR GmbH agreed to immediately grant unlimited licenses to Salora.

However, IGR GmbH and its members continued to leverage their position by requiring other European manufacturers to pay royalties. This led to further investigations of the European Commission in 1983 which alleged that this was an infringement of European Union's rules on competition. IGR GmbH thereafter dropped license fees considerably which led the European Commission to close the case.

References

External links
 IGR GmbH & Co. KG retrieved from Internet Archive.

Communications and media organisations based in Germany
Anger Engineering Company. The Anger Engineering Company (or A.E.C.) was an automobile company from Milwaukee, Wisconsin from 1913-1915.

History 
The A.E.C. company was founded in April 1912 by a man named Walter A. Anger. He was described as "a well-known auto tradesman". He had either T-head or L-head engines with either four or six cylinders. Most cars were built custom made. In 1915, the company went under.

Models

References

Car manufacturers of the United States
1910s in Milwaukee
Motor vehicle manufacturers based in Wisconsin
1913 establishments in Wisconsin
1915 disestablishments in Wisconsin
Davide Sangiorgi. Davide Sangiorgi is an Italian professor of computer science at the University of Bologna. 
He has previously held research positions at the University of Edinburgh and at Inria.
He received his PhD from the University of Edinburgh under the supervision of Robin Milner in 1993. 
He has had visiting positions at the Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI, Amsterdam), University of Cambridge, and University of Oxford.

His research interests are in the fields of concurrent systems, semantics and formal verification techniques.

He is a member, and past chairman, of IFIP Working Group 2.2 on the formal description of programming concepts, and a member of Academia Europaea. He is the head of the Research Team FOCUS, a joint laboratory between the University of Bologna and Inria.

External links

Davide Sangiorgi's home page
 Curriculum vitae

References 

Living people
1931 births
Italian computer scientists
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Academic staff of the University of Bologna
PC/104 Consortium. The PC/104 Consortium is a technology consortium that was established in February 1992 by 12 companies, all sharing a vision of adapting desktop computer technology for embedded applications. Based on the technologies of a IBM PC-based single-board computer developed by American company Ampro in 1987, the PC/104 Consortium has since had a positive effect on the embedded computer marketplace and now includes over 50 member companies. The PC/104 Consortium's technological philosophy is to support legacy technology while developing new solutions for the future. Longevity is a requirement for embedded systems and one of the hallmarks of PC/104 technology.

Adopted specifications 
PC/104 – based on Industry Standard Architecture (ISA)
PC/104-Plus – based on Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) and ISA
PCI-104 – based on PCI
PCI/104-Express – based on PCI Express (PCIe) and PCI
PCIe/104 – based on PCIe
EBX Express – based on PCIe and PCI
EPIC – based on PCI and ISA
EPIC Express – based on PCIe and PCI

Notes

Technology consortia
Organizations established in 1992

External links
Robotropolis. Robotropolis is a science-fiction action adventure film written and directed by Christopher Hatton and starring Zoe Naylor, Graham Sibley and Edward Foy.

Synopsis
A group of reporters are covering the unveiling of a new facility that is completely maintained by robot prototypes. When one of the robots goes haywire, the reporters find themselves not just reporting on the malfunction, but fighting for their lives.

Cast
Zoe Naylor as Christiane Nouveau
Graham Sibley as Danny Ross
Edward Foy as Jason Brooks
Lani John Tupu as Gordon Standish
Jourdan Lee Khoo as Harlan
Karina Sindicich as Lisa
Peer Metze as Luther Kobler
Tonya Cornelisse as Sky Bennett
Bjorn Turmann as Tobin
Remesh Panicker as Dr. Roshan Manik

Reception
The Guardian gave it a negative review saying "Humans in the middle of robo-armageddon should be a recipe for fun. But this does not compute".
Ain't it Cool News gave it a positive review saying "With some decent acting and some nicely done effects, there’s a lot to like about ROBOTROPOLIS despite its shortcomings."

Sequels
The plot of Robotropolis is continued in Battle of the Damned (2013).

References

External links

2010s English-language films
Fuel surrogate. Fuel surrogates are mixtures of one or more simple fuels that are designed to emulate either the physical properties (vapor pressure) or combustion properties (laminar flame speed, heating value, etc.) of a more complex fuel.  While surrogate mixtures can demonstrate more than one characteristic of the desired fuel, more often than not different components are required in order to emulate the wide variety of properties that are of interest to researchers.  Jet fuel is an example of a fuel requiring a surrogate for experimental research and numerical modelling due to its complexity and high content variability from one batch to the next. Neat hydrocarbon jet fuel surrogate components include decane, dodecane, methylcyclohexane, and toluene. Gasoline surrogate components include n-heptane and iso-octane. Hexadecane is a diesel surrogate component. Biodiesel surrogate components include methyl butyrate and methyl decanoate.

References 

Fuels
Laminar flame speed. Laminar flame speed is an intrinsic characteristic of premixed combustible mixtures.  It is the speed at which an un-stretched laminar flame will propagate through a quiescent mixture of unburned reactants.  Laminar flame speed is given the symbol sL.  According to the thermal flame theory of Ernest-François Mallard and Le Chatelier, the un-stretched laminar flame speed is dependent on only three properties of a chemical mixture: the thermal diffusivity of the mixture, the reaction rate of the mixture and the temperature through the flame zone:

 is thermal diffusivity,

 is reaction rate,

and the temperature subscript u is for unburned, b is for burned and i is for ignition temperature.

Laminar flame speed is a property of the mixture (fuel structure, stoichiometry) and thermodynamic conditions upon mixture ignition (pressure, temperature). Turbulent flame speed is a function of the aforementioned parameters, but also heavily depends on the flow field. As flow velocity increases and turbulence is introduced, a flame will begin to wrinkle, then corrugate and eventually the flame front will be broken and transport properties will be enhanced by turbulent eddies in the flame zone. As a result, the flame front of a turbulent flame will propagate at a speed that is not only a function of the mixture's chemical and transport properties but also properties of the flow and turbulence.

See also
 Flame speed
 Chemical kinetics
 Activation energy asymptotics

References 

Combustion