omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Array-access analysis. In computer science, array-access analysis is a compiler analysis approach used to decide the read and write access patterns to elements or portions of arrays.

The major data type manipulated in scientific programs is the array. The define/use analysis on a whole array is insufficient for aggressive compiler optimizations such as auto parallelization and array privatization. Array access analysis aims to obtain the knowledge of which portions or even which elements of the array are accessed by a given code segment (basic block, loop, or even at the procedure level). 

Array-access analysis can be largely categorized into exact (or reference-list-based) and summary methods for different tradeoffs of accuracy and complexity. Exact methods are precise but very costly in terms of computation and space storage, while summary methods are approximate but can be computed quickly and economically. 

Typical exact array-access analysis include linearization and atom images. Summary methods can be further divided into array sections, bounded regular sections using triplet notation, linear-constraint methods such as data-access descriptors and array-region analysis.

References

Compiler construction
Static program analysis
See. See or SEE may refer to:
 Visual perception

Arts, entertainment, and media
 Music:
 See (album), studio album by rock band The Rascals
 "See", song by The Rascals, on the album See
 "See" (Tycho song), song by Tycho
 Television
 "See" (Preacher), episode of television series Preacher
 See (TV series), series on Apple TV+
 See Magazine, alternative weekly newspaper in Edmonton, 1992 to 2011

Education
 School of Experiential Education, Toronto alternative school
 Stanford Engineering Everywhere, Stanford University online-course series
 Student Excellence Expo
 Secondary Education Examination (Nepal)

Manual language schemata 
 Seeing Essential English (SEE1)
 Signing Exact English (SEE2)

Organisations 
 Society for Environment and Education
 Special Enrollment Examination, U.S. Internal Revenue Service series 
 Standard error of the equation, statistical method

Religion 
 Episcopal see, domain of a bishop
 Holy See, central government of Roman Catholic Church

Places 
 SEE, Southeast Europe, the geographical region
 Sées, Orne, France
 Southease railway station, a railway station in Sussex, England

Place names evoking the German noun "See" (pron. "zay") 
 See, Tyrol, Austria
 See District, Fribourg, Switzerland
 See District, St. Gallen, former district in Switzerland

Prominent lakes 
 Bodensee 
 Vierwaldstättersee (i.e. Lake Lucerne)

People 
  Members of See's Candies business family

Surname-last convention 
 Carolyn See (1934–2016), American author
 Clyde See (1941–2017), American lawyer and politician
 Elliot See (1927–1966), American aviator and NASA astronaut 
 John See (1844–1907), Premier of New South Wales from 1901 to 1904
 Lisa See (born 1955), American writer and novelist
 Thomas Jefferson Jackson See (1866–1962), American astronomer

Surname-first convention 
 See Chee Keong (born 1966), Singaporean criminal
 See Kee Oon (born 1966), Judge of the Supreme Court of Singapore
 See Kok Luen (born 1988), Malaysian footballer

Other uses 
 Sealed Air, American manufacturing company (NYSE stock ticker)
 SEE, Gillespie Field, public airport near San Diego, California (IATA; FAA LID)
Single-Event Error, also known as Single-Event Upset
 See, scholars' citation signal
 See Tickets, British company
 Square Enix Europe, a British video game publisher 
 Other acronyms:
 Small Emplacement Excavator, military vehicle
 Sensory Ethical Extrovert, in socionics

See also
 C (disambiguation)
 Seeing (disambiguation)
Ford Iosis. The Ford Iosis was a four-door, four-seat saloon concept car developed by Ford Europe. It first was shown to the public at the 2005 Frankfurt Motor Show. Along with the Ford SAV (shown earlier that year at the Geneva Auto Show), it was designed to showcase the dynamic new design, the Ford Kinetic Design, direction Ford intended to pursue for the European market.

The shape of the concept car has been said to resemble an Aston Martin, featuring clean angles, a sharply sloped windscreen and large wheels.

Iosis X
The following year at the 2006 Paris Motor Show Ford presented the Iosis X, an SUV concept sharing the Iosis design language, which eventually led to the Ford Kuga

Iosis-MAX

The Iosis-MAX was a concept car.

It was a vision for Ford's next generation compact multi-activity vehicle (MAV) and hinted at the design direction of Ford's next global C-cars. It featured the Ford Kinetic Design using lightweight materials and advanced aerodynamics. Key aerodynamic features were the rear door pillars, the rear wing design, and active front cooling ducts in the main trapezoidal grille which were blanked off when not needed.

The car was unveiled at the 2009 Geneva Auto Show to showcase the evolving states of Ford's Kinetic Design

See also
 Ford Kinetic Design

References

External links
Ford Media Press Release: iosis by Ford
Cars.com: Ford Iosis

Iosis
Sedans
Cars introduced in 2005
Columbia Gas Transmission. Columbia Gas Transmission is a natural gas pipeline that gathers gas in the Gulf of Mexico and transports it to New York.  Its pipelines are in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Maryland, Ohio, Virginia and West Virginia. It is owned by TransCanada Corporation. Its FERC code is 21.

See also 
List of North American natural gas pipelines

Sources

External links

Natural gas pipelines in the United States
Natural gas pipelines in New York (state)
Natural gas pipelines in Pennsylvania
Natural gas pipelines in Ohio
Natural gas pipelines in New Jersey
Natural gas pipelines in Maryland
Natural gas pipelines in Virginia
Natural gas pipelines in West Virginia
Electrical load. An electrical load is an electrical component or portion of a circuit that consumes (active) electric power, such as electrical appliances and lights inside the home. The term may also refer to the power consumed by a circuit. This is opposed to a power supply source, such as a battery or generator, which provides power.

The term is used more broadly in electronics for a device connected to a signal source, whether or not it consumes power.  If an electric circuit has an output port, a pair of terminals that produces an electrical signal, the circuit connected to this terminal (or its input impedance) is the load. For example, if a CD player is connected to an amplifier, the CD player is the source, and the amplifier is the load, and to continue the concept, if loudspeakers are connected to that amplifier, then that amplifier becomes a new, second source (to the loudspeakers), and the loudspeakers will be the load for the amplifier (but not for the CD player... these are two separate sources and two separate loads, chained together in series.

Load affects the performance of circuits with respect to output voltages or currents, such as in sensors, voltage sources, and amplifiers. Mains power outlets provide an easy example: they supply power at constant voltage, with electrical appliances connected to the power circuit collectively making up the load. When a high-power appliance switches on, it dramatically reduces the load impedance.

The voltages will drop if the load impedance is not much higher than the power supply impedance. Therefore, switching on a heating appliance in a domestic environment may cause incandescent lights to dim noticeably.

A more technical approach

When discussing the effect of load on a circuit, it is helpful to disregard the circuit's actual design and consider only the Thévenin equivalent. (The Norton equivalent could be used instead, with the same results.)  The Thévenin equivalent of a circuit looks like this:

With no load (open-circuited terminals), all of  falls across the output; the output voltage is . However, the circuit will behave differently if a load is added. Therefore, we would like to ignore the details of the load circuit, as we did for the power supply, and represent it as simply as possible. For example, if we use an input resistance to represent the load, the complete circuit looks like this:

Whereas the voltage source by itself was an open circuit, adding the load makes a closed circuit and allows charge to flow. This current places a voltage drop across , so the voltage at the output terminal is no longer . The output voltage can be determined by the voltage division rule:

If the source resistance is not negligibly small compared to the load impedance, the output voltage will fall.

This illustration uses simple resistances, but a similar discussion can be applied in alternating current circuits using resistive, capacitive, and inductive elements.

See also
 Dummy load

References

Electrical circuits
NKL-26. The NKL-26  was an armoured aerosan introduced by the Soviet Union during the Second World War, based on the earlier NKL-6 (OSGA-6).  It was made of plywood and had a ten-millimetre armour plate on the front only, and was armed with a 7.62mm DT machine gun in a ring mount.  It was powered by an M-11G aircraft engine.

Each NKL-26 was operated by two crewmen. NKL-26s were organized into battalions of 30 NKL-16s with a transport company of NKL-16s - each with three companies of 10.  Each company was organized as three platoons of three vehicles, and a commanders vehicle.

Combat Aerosans often worked with ski infantry battalions, and could carry four ski troops riding outside the vehicle on its skis or towed behind.

References

External links 
 NKL-26 Snowmobile  at the Russian Battlefield
 Aerosan NKL-26 on engines of the red army in ww2
Aerosan, motorized sled NKL-26 

World War II armoured fighting vehicles of the Soviet Union
Snowmobiles
Gulfstream Natural Gas Pipeline. Gulfstream Natural Gas Pipeline is a natural gas pipeline that brings gas from Mississippi and Alabama, underwater across the Gulf of Mexico, to Florida.  It was owned by Duke Energy, but is now owned by Enbridge and Williams.  Its FERC code is 183.

See also
Florida Gas Transmission Pipeline

References

External links
Gulfstream Natural Gas Spectra Energy Profile
Gulfstream Natural Gas System LLC 
Pipeline Electronic Bulletin Board

Natural gas pipelines in the United States
Enbridge pipelines
Natural gas pipelines in Mississippi
Natural gas pipelines in Alabama
Natural gas pipelines in Florida
Foton (satellite). Foton (or Photon) is the project name of two series of Russian science satellite and reentry vehicle programs. Although uncrewed, the design was adapted from the crewed Vostok spacecraft capsule. The primary focus of the Foton project is materials science research, but some missions have also carried experiments for other fields of research including biology. The original Foton series included 12 launches from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome from 1985 to 1999. 

The second series, under the name Foton-M, incorporates many design improvements over the original Foton, and is still in use. So far, there have been four launch attempts of the Foton-M. The first was in 2002 from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome, which ended in failure due to a problem in the launch vehicle. The last three were from the Baikonur Cosmodrome, in 2005, 2007, and 2014; all were successful. Both the Foton and Foton-M series used Soyuz-U (11A511U and 11A511U2) rockets as launch vehicles. Starting with the Foton-7 mission, the European Space Agency has been a partner in the Foton program.

Foton-M
Foton-M is a new generation of Russian robotic spacecraft for research conducted in the microgravity environment of Earth orbit. The Foton-M design is based on the design of the Foton, with several improvements including a new telemetry and telecommand unit for increased data flow rate, increased battery capacity, and a better thermal control system. It is produced by TsSKB-Progress in Samara.

The launch of Foton-M1 failed because of a malfunction of the Soyuz-U launcher. The second launch (of Foton-M2) was a success. Foton-M3 was launched on 14 September 2007, carried by a Soyuz-U rocket lifting off from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan with Nadezhda, a cockroach that conceived in space and produced 33 offspring after the spacecraft returned successfully to Earth on 26 September 2007, landing in Kazakhstan at 7:58 GMT.

Reentry 
The Foton capsule has limited thruster capability. As such, the reentry path and orientation can not be controlled after the capsule has separated from the engine system. This means that the capsule has to be protected from reentry heat on all sides, thus explaining the spherical design (as opposed to Project Mercury's conical design), which allows for maximum volume while minimizing the external surface. However, the lack of lift means the capsule experiences high forces on reentry, up to 8 to 9g.

Foton launches

See also
Biosatellite
Bion
BIOPAN
Animals in space

References

External links

 Foton (from Encyclopedia Astronautica)
 Russian Space Web

Astrobiology
Soyuz program
Earth observation satellites of the Soviet Union
Satellites of Russia
Polarite. Polarite, is an opaque, yellow-white mineral with the chemical formula . Its crystals are orthorhombic pyramidal, but can only be seen through a microscope. It has a metallic luster and leaves a white streak. Polarite is rated 3.5 to 4 on the Mohs Scale.

It was first described in 1969 for an occurrence in Talnakh, Norilsk in the Polar Ural Mountains in Russia. It has also been recorded from the Bushveld igneous complex of South Africa and from Fox Gulch, Goodnews Bay, Alaska.

References 

Palladium minerals
Bismuth minerals
Lead minerals
Orthorhombic minerals
Minerals in space group 36
Minerals described in 1969
F12. F12 may refer to:

Vehicles 
Aircraft
 Fokker F.XII, a Dutch airliner
 Larson F-12 Baby, an American sport biplane
 Lockheed YF-12, an American prototype interceptor aircraft
 Republic XF-12 Rainbow, an American prototype reconnaissance aircraft

Automobiles (cars and trucks)
 Alpina B6 (F12), a German grand tourer
 BMW 6 Series (F12), a German grand tourer
 DKW F12, a German saloon car
 Farmall F-12, an American tractor
 Ferrari F12 an Italian grand tourer
 Volvo F12, a Swedish truck

Farm tractors
 Farmall F-12, an American tractor

Ships
 , a Leander-class frigate of the Royal Navy
 , a K-class destroyer of the Royal Navy

Other uses 
 F12 (classification), a disability sport classification
 F12 (gene), coding for coagulation factor XII
 F12 Developer Tools, built into Microsoft Internet Explorer and Microsoft Edge
 F 12 Kalmar, a former Swedish Air Force wing
 F12 key, a key on a computer keyboard
 Flat-12, an automobile engine
Spatial Imaging Group. No longer active as of Spring 2004, the Spatial Imaging Group at the MIT Media Lab developed new technology and interfaces for high-quality 3D displays. 

The lab's research included: designing new hologram formats and optical printers; electro-holographic displays and methods for computing holograms; spatial interaction and information design; rapid rendering for spatial displays; and viewer-tracked autostereoscopic displays.

External links

 Spatial Imaging Group's homepage

Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Northern Border Pipeline. Northern Border Pipeline is a natural gas pipeline which brings gas from Canada through Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, and Iowa into the Chicago area.  It is owned by TC PipeLines, LP and ONEOK Partners and is operated by TC PipeLines, LP .  Its FERC code is 89.

References

External links
Pipeline Electronic Bulletin Board

Natural gas pipelines in Canada
Natural gas pipelines in the United States
Canada–United States relations
TC Energy
Natural gas pipelines in Montana
Natural gas pipelines in North Dakota
Natural gas pipelines in South Dakota
Natural gas pipelines in Minnesota
Natural gas pipelines in Iowa
Natural gas pipelines in Illinois

Pipelines in Saskatchewan
Northern Natural Pipeline. Northern Natural Gas (NNG) is a natural gas pipeline which brings gas from the Permian Basin in Texas to the Chicago area, Wisconsin, Minnesota and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan.  It is owned by MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company.  Its FERC code is 59.

External links
Pipeline Electronic Bulletin Board

Natural gas pipelines in the United States
Natural gas pipelines in Texas
Natural gas pipelines in Illinois
Natural gas pipelines in Wisconsin
Natural gas pipelines in Minnesota
Natural gas pipelines in Michigan
Southern Natural Pipeline. Southern Natural Pipeline (Sonat) is a natural gas pipeline system which brings gas from the Louisiana Gulf of Mexico coast to the southeastern United States.  It also has a connection to the Elba Island LNG terminal in Georgia.  It is owned by Kinder Morgan and is part of its Birmingham, Alabama based Southern Natural Gas division.  Its FERC code is 6.

External links
Pipeline Electronic Bulletin Board

Natural gas pipelines in the United States
Energy infrastructure in Alabama
Companies based in Birmingham, Alabama
Kinder Morgan
Natural gas pipelines in Texas
Natural gas pipelines in Louisiana
Natural gas pipelines in Mississippi
Natural gas pipelines in Alabama
Natural gas pipelines in Georgia (U.S. state)
Natural gas pipelines in Florida
Brewster (unit). The brewster (B) is a non-SI unit used to measure the susceptibility of a material to photoelasticity, or the value of the stress-optic coefficient of the material. The unit has dimensions reciprocal to those of stress. One brewster is defined to be equal to  square metres per newton (m2/N or 1/Pa) or   square centimetres per dyne (cm2/dyn). The unit is named after David Brewster, who discovered stress-induced birefringence in 1816.

References

Non-SI metric units
MODE32. MODE32 is a software product originally developed by Connectix for certain models of the Apple Macintosh.  It was published in June 1991 and originally cost US$169; however, on September 5, 1991, the software was made available free to customers under licensing terms with Apple Computer.

Overview
MODE32 patches the ROM code in certain models of early 68020 and 68030 Apple Macintosh computers (see "Affected models" below) which were advertised by Apple to support 32-bit memory management. Despite the machines' hardware being designed to support 32-bit mode, the lack of a 32-bit Memory Manager in ROM forced these machines to run in 24-bit mode, which crippled these otherwise high-end machines to support only 8 MB of RAM. Prior to licensing MODE32, Apple had been subject to many complaints from individuals over the lack of 32-bit support.

Versions of MODE32 prior to 7.5 include a control panel under Macintosh System 7 that lets the user enable or disable MODE32. The option to enable 32-bit addressing can be found in the Memory control panel when MODE32 is enabled. Otherwise, the option is not displayed.

For System 7.0 and 7.1, MODE32 version 1.2 was recommended. In the case of System 7.5 (and if Thread Manager was loaded), Connectix specifically recommends MODE32 7.5 in order to avoid problems with file corruption. If MODE32 1.2 was installed over 7.5, Connectix recommends a complete reinstall of the operating system.

Generally, 32-bit addressing is only needed when large amounts of RAM are needed or when a piece of software requires it. Running non-32-bit-clean software in 32-bit mode on any Macintosh can cause crashes and data corruption. With MODE32 installed, holding down the Esc key on the keyboard as soon as the machine is powered on causes the system to run in 24-bit mode for the current session.

Mac OS 7.6 and later require 32-bit "clean" ROMs and do not require this utility. MODE32 is a descendant of Connectix's earlier OPTIMA, which also enables 32-bit addressing but for System 6. Connectix also offered three similar products, MAXIMA, RAM Doubler, and Virtual; the former implemented a RAM disk and latter two adding virtual memory (with compression in RAM Doubler's case) in addition to allowing addressing 14 MB under 24-bit addressing.

Affected models
 Macintosh SE/30
 Macintosh II
 Macintosh IIx
 Macintosh IIcx

Other models do not need MODE32 because they either do not support 32-bit addressing at all or support it exclusively.

References

External links
 32-bit Addressing on Older Macs at Low End Mac
 MODE32 7.5 download at Apple

Macintosh-only software
John McLoughlin Bridge. The John McLoughlin Bridge is a tied-arch bridge that spans the Clackamas River between Oregon City and Gladstone, Oregon, in the northwest United States.  It was designed by Conde McCullough, and named for Dr. John McLoughlin.

It is  long, with a main span of .  The deck carries four lanes (two in each direction) of Oregon Route 99E, also known locally as McLoughlin Boulevard.

The bridge won the American Institute of Steel Construction's title of "Most Beautiful Steel Bridge" constructed in 1933. Originally painted black, it was painted "ODOT Green" soon after, the first time that specific color was used on a bridge.

Sources

Elegant Arches, Soaring Spans: C.B. McCulough, Oregon's Master Bridge Builder, Robert W. Hadlow, Oregon State University Press, 2001. .

External links
 

Buildings and structures in Oregon City, Oregon
Bridges completed in 1933
U.S. Route 99
Bridges in Clackamas County, Oregon
Tied arch bridges in the United States
Road bridges in Oregon
Bridges by Conde McCullough
1933 establishments in Oregon
Gladstone, Oregon
Bridges of the United States Numbered Highway System
Steel bridges in the United States
Williston Basin Pipeline. Williston Basin Pipeline is a natural gas pipeline system which moves gas between Wyoming, Montana, South Dakota, and North Dakota.  It is owned by MDU Resources Group.  Its FERC code is 49.

See also
List of North American natural gas pipelines

References

External links
Pipeline Electronic Bulletin Board

Natural gas pipelines in the United States
Natural gas pipelines in Montana
Natural gas pipelines in North Dakota
Natural gas pipelines in Wyoming
Natural gas pipelines in South Dakota
Life hack. A life hack (or life hacking) is any trick, shortcut, skill, or novelty method that increases productivity and efficiency, in all walks of life. The term was primarily used by computer experts who suffer from information overload or those with a playful curiosity in the ways they can accelerate their workflow in ways other than programming.

History
The original definition of the term "hack" is "to cut with rough or heavy blows". In the modern vernacular it has often been used to describe an inelegant but effective solution to a specific computing problem, such as quick-and-dirty shell scripts and other command line utilities that filtered, munged and processed data streams like e-mail and RSS feeds. The term was later extended to life hack, in reference to a solution to a problem unrelated to computers that might occur in a programmer's everyday life. Examples of these types of life hacks might include utilities to synchronize files, track tasks, remind oneself of events, or filter e-mail.

Popularization
The term life hack was coined in 2004 during the O'Reilly Emerging Technology Conference in San Diego, California by technology journalist Danny O'Brien to describe the "embarrassing" scripts and shortcuts productive IT professionals use to get their work done.

O'Brien and blogger Merlin Mann later co-presented a session called "Life Hacks Live" at the 2005 O'Reilly Emerging Technology conference. The two also co-author a column entitled "Life Hacks" for O'Reilly's Make magazine which debuted in February 2005.

The American Dialect Society voted lifehack (one word) as the runner-up for "most useful word of 2005" behind podcast. The word was also added to the Oxford Dictionaries Online in June 2011.

See also 
 Kitchen hack
 Jugaad 
 Kludge 
 Urawaza 
 Self-help
 MacGyverisms

References

External links
Other examples of anti-technology life-hacks? | Ask MetaFilter
 Life Hacks talk from Danny O'Brien's Oblomovka

Hacker culture
Life skills
Do it yourself
Personal life
2000s neologisms