omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Dodecylbenzene. Dodecylbenzene is an organic compound with the formula . Dodecylbenzene is a colorless liquid with a weak odor and floats on water.

This colorless waxy solid consists of a dodecyl group () attached to a phenyl group (). Dodecylbenzene is a precursor to sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, a surfactant that is a key ingredient of household laundry detergents, such as detergent powder.

Production
This compound and some related alkylbenzenes are produced industrially by alkylation of benzene with the corresponding alkenes in the presence of hydrogen fluoride or related acid catalysts.  The resulting linear alkylbenzene compounds are sulfonated to give the corresponding sulfonic acids.  This sulfonation can be highly specific to place the sulfonic acid group across the ring, in the 4-position.  The resulting sulfonic acid is then neutralized with base to give sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate, which is subsequently blended with other components to produce cleaning products.

References

External links 
 Safety MSDS data

Alkylbenzenes
Phenyl compounds
Dodecyl compounds
Diversified Technology. Diversified Technology, Inc. was a computer hardware manufacturing company. Based in Ridgeland, Mississippi, the company, which was a subsidiary of Ergon, Inc., was formed in 1971. In 1987, Diversified Technology released the first IBM-compatible single-board computer for a passive ISA backplane. Diversified was also the first to introduce an ATCA- and InfiniBand-based blade network switch, introduced in Intel Xeon and AMD Opteron variants in 2005 and 2007 respectively.

Diversified Technology ceased operations in 2013.

External links

References

1971 establishments in Mississippi
2013 disestablishments in Mississippi
American companies established in 1971
American companies disestablished in 2013
Companies based in Mississippi
Computer companies established in 1971
Computer companies disestablished in 2013
Defunct computer companies of the United States
Defunct computer hardware companies
GER Class D27. The GER Class D27 was a class of 2-2-2 steam tender locomotives designed by James Holden for the Great Eastern Railway.

History
In 1888, Holden experimented by removing the side rods of T19 No. 721 to form a 2-2-2. In 1889 the first of a new class appeared: initially No. 740 (later 789 and 780) which had been built on a 'Locomotive and Machinery' account. This was followed by two batches of ten on the more normal 'Letter' account. in 1893. They were built with  inside cylinders powered by a  boiler. They were later rebuilt with  and  boilers.

One of their main spheres was on the Joint Line working expresses to York. In 1896 the class inaugurated the epic making non-stop run to North Walsham using oil-firing. Rous-Martin found that the singles climbed Brentwood Bank more rapidly than the 2-4-0s. See also Ahrons (1951).

Nine locomotives were withdrawn between 1901 and 1903. The surviving eight locomotives in the 770-series were transferred to the duplicate list in July 1904, and had their number prefixed with a "0". The remaining fourteen were withdrawn between 1904 and 1907.

References

External links

  – Great Eastern Railway Society

D27
2-2-2 locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1889
Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain
Scrapped locomotives
Passenger locomotives
Dalén light. A Dalén light is a flashing light produced from burning of carbide gas (acetylene), combined with a solar sensor which automatically operates the light only during darkness.

Overview
In the last quarter of the 19th century navigation buoys began to be illuminated, however at first the lights were fixed (continuous) and could be mistaken for ship's navigation lights.  Gustaf Dalén invented a valve which could be adjusted to deliver pulses of acetylene into the lamp.  A pilot light, which burns continuously, then ignited them.  The pattern of flashes (known as the light's characteristic) can be set by screw adjustments.  The invention of this system resulted in Dalén being awarded the 1912 Nobel Prize in Physics.  Gas was wasted however due to illumination during the day and subsequently Dalén developed the sun valve to shut off the flashes during daylight.

The technology was a form of light source in lighthouses from the 1900s through the 1960s, when electric lighting had become dominant. Dalén later invented the AGA cooker in 1922 whilst recuperating from an accident with acetylene which blinded him.  The carbide lamp was developed in the early 1900s. While the lamps proved useful in many applications, the problem of safely storing acetylene meant they needed regular refilling which constrained their use in applications such as lighthouses.

Examples
Lighthouses using Dalén lighting have included:
Barrenjoey Lighthouse, New South Wales (1932–1972)
Peninsula Point Light (1922–1936) Upper Peninsula Michigan United States
Point Stephens Light, New South Wales  (1922–1960)
Celarain Lighthouse, Mexico (1934 –    )
Skerryvore Lighthouse, the Hebrides  (    –1959)
Recalada a Bahía Blanca Light, Argentina (1928–1974)

References

External links
Terry Pepper, Seeing the Light – Lighthouses of the Western Great Lakes, Illumination.
 

Lighthouse fixtures
Types of lamp
Synthetic fuel technologies
Linde plc
Swedish inventions
Agamassan. Agamassan is a porous substrate used to safely absorb acetylene and thus allow the transport, storage and commercial use of the otherwise unstable gas. It was developed and patented by the Swedish Nobel Laureate and industrialist Gustaf Dalén. Dalén was prominent in developing applications for acetylene.

Acetylene can readily explode when in liquid or solid form or while being pressurized, if it is pure. Dalén himself was blinded in an acetylene explosion.

In 1896, French chemists Georges Claude and Albert Hess discovered that large quantities of acetylene could be dissolved in acetone and rendered nonexplosive. As the liquid was reduced by consumption or cooling, explosive acetylene gas would collect in the space above the liquid's surface. The solution was to compress acetylene in a porous medium.

Before Dalén's work, numerous attempts were made to find a mass sufficiently elastic to withstand shock without crumbling and producing cavities filled with explosive acetylene gas.

Acetylene is shipped and stored in metal cylinders filled with agamassan, which is half-filled with dimethylformamide (DMF) or acetone. The acetylene is dissolved in the DMF or acetone. Such cylinders are safe to transport and use.

In Swedish, the porous filler is known as "AGA-massan", which would translate as "AGA mass", "AGA body", or "AGA compound". AGA was the company Dalén founded. The compound originally consisted of, among other things, asbestos, cement, and coal. The 1930 US patent also mentions kieselguhr (diatomaceous earth).

References and further reading

About Gustaf Dalén
: Porous mass for the storage of explosive gases and method for making same; issued June 24, 1930

Materials
Industrial gases
Skyport Airport. Skyport Airport  is a public use airport located three nautical miles (6 km) north of the central business district of Cornelius, a city in Washington County, Oregon, United States. It is privately owned and managed by V. D. Putman.

Facilities and aircraft 
Skyport Airport covers an area of  at an elevation of 174 feet (53 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 16/34 with a turf and gravel surface measuring 2,000 by 45 feet (610 x 14 m).

For the 12-month period ending February 24, 2010, the airport had 2,000 general aviation aircraft operations, an average of 166 per month. At that time there were 3 aircraft based at this airport, all single-engine.

References

External links 
 Aerial image as of 12 June 2002 from USGS The National Map
 

Airports in Washington County, Oregon
Cornelius, Oregon
Privately owned airports
Tactical Imagery Intelligence Wing, RAF. Tactical Imagery-Intelligence Wing (TIW) was a 1 Group Force Element, based at RAF Marham.

History 
TIW was responsible for the processing and exploitation of fast-jet electro-optical imagery, on deployed operations, exercises and routine training. Fast-jet imagery has been analysed from the Raptor pod on the Tornado GR4 and the Digital Joint Reconnaissance Pod on the Jaguar, Harrier and Tornado GR4. TIW was also responsible for providing specialist training of all Imagery Analysts within 1 Group.

TIW was formed in April 2002 from II (AC), XIII and 39 (1 PRU) Sqn RICs (Reconnaissance Intelligence Centre). No. 41(F) Sqn RIC became part of TIW in April 2003. The formal grouping of what were previously four separate RICs brings benefits in ensuring a more coherent approach against a common set of standards.

Traditionally, TIW was considered to be part of the role known as tactical reconnaissance or tac recce. As traditional tasking and reporting has evolved to provide a much broader, more complex and often more dynamic set of questions to—and range of products from—TIW, the term Combat-aircraft ISTAR (Intelligence, Surveillance, Target-Acquisition and Reconnaissance) much better describes the role of TIW and the aircraft that collect the imagery.

On 1 April 2016, TIW merged with other ISR units to form No. 1 Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance Wing based at RAF Waddington.

References

External links
BBC Video celebrating ten years of TIW at Marham

Royal Air Force wings
Military intelligence units and formations of the United Kingdom
Air force intelligence units and formations
RAF Marham units
Military units and formations established in 2002
2002 establishments in the United Kingdom
Berkeley Networks. Berkeley Networks was a leading startup company that built intelligent switches targeted for the enterprise computer networking market segment.

The company was established in 1996. The name of the company comes from the school University of California, Berkeley. The founder and CEO, Dr. Ravi Sethi, received his Ph.D. and MBA from the University of California, Berkeley.

Berkeley Networks was acquired by Pittsburgh-based FORE Systems for US$250 million, and then which later was acquired by London-based GEC (now Marconi Corporation plc) for £2.8 Billion.

See also
Telecommunication
Communications protocols

External links
Intel Capital: The Berkeley Networks Investment
Fore Systems Agrees to Purchase Berkeley Networks

Defunct networking companies
Defunct computer companies of the United States
Defunct computer hardware companies
Ambrosini S.1001. The Ambrosini S.1001 Grifo ("Griffin") was an Italian light airplane that appeared shortly after the end of World War II.  The first plane built by SAI Ambrosini postwar, the prototype flew in 1947 and was derived from the pre-war SAI.2S.  It was a four-seat monoplane with spatted fixed undercarriage.  A small series was produced for the Italian aeroclubs with an Alfa Romeo 110-ter engine of 97 kW (130 hp).  Three examples were even bought by the Italian Aeronautica Militare (AMI), which used them between 1948 and 1950.

Distance record
From 28–29 April 1948, Leonardo Bonzi and Maner Lualdi established a distance record for aircraft in this class, flying from Campoformido, Italy  to Massawa, Eritrea -  without stopover. On January 10, 1949, on board the same aircraft, now christened Angelo dei Bimbi, they headed for Dakar in an attempt to reach South America.  After having overcome the opposition of the French authorities, they took off from Yoff on January 29, 1949, dispensing with radio and parachutes to be able to load 800 litres (176 imp gal, 211 us gal) of fuel. Seventeen hours later, they were in Parnaiba, Brazil.  

By the end of a triumphal tour through Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina, they had collected 500 million lire from the Italian community living in these countries to contribute to the economic restarting of Italy.  Their plane I-ASSI is preserved today at the Museum Romeo Esparto of Milan-Arese.

Variants

A two-seater version powered by a de Havilland Gipsy Major of 120 kW (160 hp) was offered to the AMI as a trainer. The AMI were not interested, but a few aircraft were built as the S.1002 Trasimeno for aeroclubs.

Operators

Italian Air Force operated three aircraft until the 1950s

Specifications (S.1001)

See also

References

 

SAI Ambrosini aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
1940s Italian civil utility aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1947
Teeny Ted from Turnip Town. Teeny Ted from Turnip Town (2007), published by Robert Chaplin, is certified by Guinness World Records as the world's smallest reproduction of a printed book. The book was produced in the Nano Imaging Laboratory at Simon Fraser University in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, with the assistance of SFU scientists Li Yang and Karen Kavanagh.

The book's size is 0.07 mm x 0.10 mm. The letters are carved into 30 microtablets on a polished piece of single crystalline silicon, using a focused-gallium-ion beam with a minimum diameter of 7 nanometers (this was compared to the head of a pin at 2 mm, 2,000,000 nm, across). The book has its own ISBN, .

The story was written by Malcolm Douglas Chaplin and is "a fable about Teeny Ted's victory in the turnip contest at the annual county fair."

The book has been published in a limited edition of 100 copies by the laboratory and requires a scanning electron microscope to read the text.

In December 2012, a Library Edition of the book was published with a full title of Teeny Ted from Turnip Town & the Tale of Scale: A Scientific Book of Word Puzzles and an ISBN . On the title page it is referred to as the "Large Print Edition of the World's Smallest Book". The book was published using funds from a successful Kickstarter campaign with contributors' names shown on the dust jacket.

See also
 Nanotechnology
 Limited edition books
 List of nanotechnology applications
 A Boy and His Atom, a stop-motion film created in a microscopic (molecular) scale

References

External links
 "Tale of Teeny Ted said to be world's smallest book". Reuters. April 11, 2007.

2007 books
Nanotechnology
Alcatel Micro Machining Systems. Alcatel Micro Machining Systems (AMMS) was a French manufacturer of Deep Reactive Ion Etching systems. The company's headquarters were located in Annecy, France.

History 
Alcatel Vacuum Technology, AMMS' original parent company, had a long-running business in plasma processing.  Its first equipment based on an Alcatel patented Inductive Coupled Plasma (ICP) source, with independent source power and substrate bias control for deep etching of silicon, was launched in 1993.  AMMS was created as a subsidiary in 2006 to focus on silicon etching.

Alcatel Micro Machining Systems operated until 2008, when it was sold to the Tegal Company.  In 2011 SPTS acquired Tegal's DRIE assets (formerly AMMS). The deal included the transfer to SPTS of the capital stock and operations of Tegal France SAS, a wholly owned Tegal subsidiary.

Products 

The company previously manufactured DRIE systems including:
 Notching free
 Profile control
 Dry release
 Patented Sharp process: Super High Aspect Ratio
 Tapered via
 High etch rate
 V shape
 Cryo process
 Through the wafer
 High etch rate and low roughness
 High aspect ratio for 3D
 Fused Silica etching
 Low smoothness
 High aspect ratio holes

See also 
 Deep Reactive Ion Etching
 Microelectromechanical systems

References

Defunct technology companies of France
School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia. The School of Industrial Technology (, PPTI) is one of nineteen schools in USM, Malaysia. It has emerged from the School of Applied Sciences which was established during the inception of the university. The name of the school was changed to the School of Engineering Sciences and Industrial Technology in 1984. However, in 1986, the engineering programme was shifted to a new campus at Tronoh (and later moved to the present Engineering Campus at Seberang Prai Selatan, Penang). Since then, the School of Industrial Technology has undergone rapid development to achieve its present position among academic institutions in the country. The last two decades have witnessed various advances, developments and achievements of the School pertaining to academic programmes, research and development, consultancy, community services and many others. The School is recognised as an advanced centre of learning as well as providing training and research facilities in several areas of industrial importance. The academic staffs, numbering about 30, are mostly Ph.D holders with extensive professional experience in industry, research, consultancy, technology transfer and training. The School has modern research and training facilities equipped with state-of-the-art instruments and machinery backed up with competent support staff and excellent infrastructure.

Programmes offered
The School offers four programmes at undergraduate level leading to the Bachelor of Technology, viz.
Bioresource Technology (previously named as Bioresource, Paper and Coatings Technology)
Food Technology
Environmental Technology.
Bioprocess Technology

Each of the four programmes has its own distinct curriculum spread over three to four years (6-8 semesters) (Four years for Food Technology and Bioprocess). The main objective of the undergraduate programme is to train and produce highly qualified and competent technologists in their respective specialisation to serve the industry and public sector in the country. The comprehensive three-year programme is designed to cover the fundamental science courses as well as engineering and technological aspects of processing/production, preservation, analysis, quality control, maintenance, etc. The technological component is progressively increased as the student move into higher level of study. Every student is also required to undergo a minimum of eight weeks industrial training at the end of the second year. The School of Technology Industry, USM has successfully produced highly qualified graduates/technologists who have been widely accepted by both the public and private sectors.

Enrolment Statistics
On average, the total number of undergraduate students for each academic session is around 600 to 700.

External links
 Official website

Universities and colleges in Penang
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Universities and colleges established in 1969
1969 establishments in Malaysia
LWS-7 Mewa II. The LWS-7 Mewa II ("Seagull") was a Polish observation and close reconnaissance aircraft, designed in the 1939 by the LWS factory as a development of the earlier LWS-3 Mewa. Aircraft development was ordered by the Polish Air Force, but no prototypes were built.

Design and development
In 1939, the LWS-7 Mewa II was being developed at the LWS as the development of the LWS-3 Mewa. New wings and a semi-monocoque fuselage with less drag were introduced. It was to be fitted with a more powerful 916 hp (683 kW) PZL Pegaz XX engine (Bristol Pegasus XX) or a planned 1000 hp (750 kW) PZL Waran. A maximum speed of 400–420 km/h was estimated.

Before the war, only a wooden model for aerodynamics tests was made. Tests performed by Aerodynamic Institute of Warsaw University of Technology showed that the maximum speed of the LWS-7 could be estimated at 420–425 km/h - about 60 km/h more than the LWS-3 Mewa.

Complete technical drawings were prepared in Summer 1939 (still not confirmed) and the first prototype was planned to be built in Autumn 1939. First flight was planned in Spring or Summer 1940 and start of production was planned for Autumn/Winter 1940. The first production LWS-7 Mewa II would be handed over to Polish Air Force in early 1941. All these plans were halted due to the outbreak of World War II.

Drawings of LWS-7 were evacuated in September 1939 to the Polish embassy in Romania by the LWS director Aleksander Sipowicz. Many publications claim that they were handed over to Bulgarians, but it is not clear (possibly, it concerned the LWS-3B plans, in fact).

Operators (planned)

 Polish Air Force

Specifications (planned)

See also

References

1930s Polish military reconnaissance aircraft
Single-engined piston aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Ambrosini SAI.2S. The Ambrosini SAI.2S was a four-seat light aircraft produced in Italy shortly before World War II.

Design and construction
It was a low-wing, cantilever cabin monoplane of conventional configuration with fixed, tailwheel undercarriage. It first appeared in 1937 and was initially powered by the Alfa Romeo 115-I engine of . At least one example was converted postwar with the de Havilland Gipsy Six Series II of .

The aircraft was primarily of wooden construction, the fuselage being a wooden monocoque and the two-spar wing having a duralumin-covered centre-section built integral with the fuselage and internally reinforced with steel tubes. The wing carried Handley Page slots and split flaps, and dual controls were fitted.

Operation
The type was produced in small numbers, for use by private pilot owners. Two examples were operational in 1965. One aircraft was still extant , and is preserved at the Gianni Caproni Museum of Aeronautics at Trento Airport.

Despite the similar designation, this design was unrelated to the earlier SAI.2

Specifications

References

 
 
 
 

SAI Ambrosini aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
1930s Italian civil utility aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1937
Rajiv Gandhi Bhawan. Rajiv Gandhi Bhawan is the corporate headquarters of Airports Authority of India (AAI). AAI which functions under the Ministry of Civil Aviation and manages most of the airports in India. The Indian Ministry of Civil Aviation is co-located in the same building.

Mehro Consultants was involved in the design of the building. It has been used as a metonym for the Ministry of Civil Aviation.

It is named after Rajiv Gandhi.

Design
The building has a unique plan. This can be seen in the picture opposite, showing the aerial view as seen from the satellite. This building is on the Aurobindo Marg, with Safdarjung's Tomb adjacent on the right-hand side and the Aero Club of India on the left, and near Safdarjung Airport.

References

External links

Airports Authority of India, (AAI) website

Government buildings in Delhi
Headquarters in India
Aviation in India
Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)