omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Orion (satellite). Orion, also known as Mentor or Advanced Orion, is a class of United States spy satellites that collect signals intelligence (SIGINT) from space. Operated by the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) and developed with input from the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), eight have been launched from Cape Canaveral on Titan IV and Delta IV launch vehicles since 1995.

Description 
These satellites at geostationary orbits collect radio emissions (SIGINT) and act as replacements for the older constellation of Magnum satellites. The satellites have estimated mass close to 5,200 kg and very large (estimated 100 m diameter) radio reflecting dishes. USA-223 (NROL-32), which is seen as the fifth satellite in the series, is according to NRO director Bruce Carlson "the largest satellite in the world." It is believed that this refers to the diameter of the main antenna, which might be well in excess of . The mission and capabilities of these satellites are highly classified, though targets may include telemetry, VHF radio, cellular mobile phones, paging signals, and mobile data links. Earlier satellites with similar missions, the Rhyolite/Aquacade series, were built by TRW; it is not known who made the Orion satellites.

Satellites 
Mentor-4 (USA-202) deployment and initial westward drift after launch in January 2009 was controlled by the Pine Gap base. About 60 days after launch Menwith Hill Ground Station was to take over control and initiate the collection mission. Mentor-4's initial mission was to survey line-of-sight microwave towers and emitters in the People's Republic of China for 30 to 45 days as it was drifting from east to west. Moving further west, it was to collect data from the Thuraya network and monitor Pakistan and Afghanistan, followed by another 200 days of monitoring of China. This was to be followed by data collection covering the Middle East, Northern Africa, and Latin America.

References

External links 
 Advanced Orion at Encyclopedia Astronautica
 Magnum/ Mentor/ Orion at Globalsecurity.org
 The USA 202 ORION satellite 

Reconnaissance satellites of the United States
Signals intelligence satellites
Military equipment introduced in the 1990s
Time Ace. Time Ace is an aerial combat game developed for the Nintendo DS by Trainwreck Studios and The Farm 51 and published by Konami. The game was released on June 12, 2007. Time Ace is based on the concept that an eccentric inventor from 1914, Dr. Hugo Clock, has formed a plan to travel forward in time to end World War I, but the evil Dr. Klaus Scythe uses the time machine to further his own plan for world domination.  The player's goal is to stop Scythe's scheme.

The game is similar in concept to Konami's 1981 arcade game Time Pilot.

Story
In 1914, eccentric scientist Dr. Hugo Clock created a time machine with the plans of going back in time and preventing World War I from happening and preventing millions of needless deaths. However, his sneaky assistant, Dr. Klaus Scythe, hijacks his time machine with a plan to acquire an arsenal of history's most powerful weapons in order to rule the world.

Reception

Time Ace received mixed reviews from critics upon release. On Metacritic, the game holds a score of 52/100 based on 19 reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews".

References

2007 video games
2015, Inc. games
The Farm 51 games
Konami games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Nintendo DS games
Nintendo DS-only games
North America-exclusive video games
Video games about time travel
Video games developed in Poland
Video games developed in the United States
Hercules-class ship of the line. The Hercules class ships of the line were a class of two 74-gun third rates, designed for the Royal Navy by Sir Thomas Slade.

Design
The Hercules class ships were a development on Slade's previous two designs: the , and the subsequent one-off .

Ships

Builder: Deptford Dockyard
Ordered: 15 July 1756
Launched: 15 March 1759
Fate: Sold out of the service, 1784

Builder: Woolwich Dockyard
Ordered: 15 July 1756
Launched: 19 March 1760
Fate: Wrecked, 1780

References

Lavery, Brian (1983) The Ship of the Line - Volume 1: The development of the battlefleet 1650-1850. Conway Maritime Press. .

 
Ship of the line classes
Grab (tool). A grab or mechanical grab is a mechanical device with two or more jaws (sometime clamshell-shaped), used to pick things up or to capture things. Some types include:
Roundnose grab
Clamshell grab
Orange-peel grab
in Dutch and German they are called poliep grijpers/ Polypengreifer = "polyp grabs".

There are different ways of open/close the grabs:
electro-hydraulic / diesel-hydraulic
mechanical by rope(s) (1-rope, 2-ropes, 3-ropes, 4-ropes)

Grabs can be used for:
dredging
bulk handling (e.g. loading/unloading ships)
salvage (e.g. ship-wrecks, oil)
seabed sampling

History
The mechanical grab, specifically the clamshell grab, was invented by the Persian Banu Musa brothers and described in their Book of Ingenious Devices in the 9th century. It was an original innovation by the Banu Musa that does not appear in any earlier Greek works. The grab described by the Banu Musa was used to extract objects from underwater, and recover objects from the beds of streams.

See also
Bucket (machine part)

References

External links

Tools
Iranian inventions
Mackie line. In photographic science, a Mackie line is an adjacency or border effect created during development, at the border between areas of high and low densities.

During developing, developer remains relatively fresh in an area of low density as less developing takes place, and consequently, developer oxidation product concentration remains relatively low. At the border between high and low density areas the relatively fresh developer diffuses laterally into the high density area and causes there a continuation of development. The result is an increased border density of the high density area.

The Mackie line effect belongs to the family of edge effects.  Edge effects include: Gelatin-, Ross-, Fringe-, Eberhard- and Kostinsky effects.

References

Science of photography
Instituto Nacional de Engenharia, Tecnologia e Inovação. The Instituto Nacional de Engenharia, Tecnologia e Inovação (National Institute of Engineering, Technology and Innovation), usually known as INETI for short, was a state-run R&D institution in Lisbon, Portugal, with scientific and technological activities in areas like new systems, processes and products; environmental and sustainable management; geological resources and risks; citizen protection, health and safety; space and defence; laboratory support and testing; etc.

In 2007 it was merged into the Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia.

The Instituto Nacional de Engenharia, Tecnologia e Inovação (National Institute for Engineering, Technology and Innovation) carries out research, testing and technological development. Its mission is to promote technological innovation focused on science and technology with the overriding objective of raising company competitiveness within a framework of sustainable economic progress.

Within the scope of competences attributed by Portuguese government strategies and policies for economic and social development, INETI takes up the role of an interface between the results generated by research and development programmes and their technological integration into the private sector (including companies, and other organizations).

Its participation in a range of international projects positions it both as a key partner for internationalisation and a source of specialist information across its respective fields.

INETI, as a Portuguese Ministry of Economy and Innovation entity, further serves as consultant for public policies in a diverse range of fields including: energy, the environment, sustainability, metrology, norms and certification.

External links
Official site

Research institutes in Portugal
Multidisciplinary research institutes
Organisations based in Lisbon
Octadecaborane. Octadecaborane is an inorganic compound, a boron hydride cluster with chemical formula B18H22. It is a colorless flammable solid, like many higher boron hydrides. Although the compound has no practical applications, its structure is of theoretical and pedagogical interest.

Synthesis
It is formed by oxidative degradation of B20H182− or by oxidative coupling of B9H12−.

Structure 
Two isomers are known of octadecaborane, providing the first example of isomers in a boron-hydride cluster.  The clusters are also of interest because the boron centers shared between the two subunits have an unusually high number of B-B interactions.  The isomers consists of two B9H11 polyhedral subunits, each having a decaborane-like form, joined at a B–B edge. These two boron atoms are each coordinated to six others; this compound was the first one found to have such a high number of borons coordinated around a single boron center. There are two different geometric isomers of this compound, differing in the orientation of the two edge-fused polyhedra to each other. This compound was the first borane found to have multiple isomeric forms. Among the geometric isomers, one with chirality was the first borane to be resolved into its separate enantiomers, and was only the second chiral borane known at that time.

References

Boranes
Jensen 541. The Jensen 541 is an automobile which was produced by Jensen Motors from 1954 to 1959. It was first exhibited at the London Motor Show in October 1953, and production started in 1954. 

The 541 used fibreglass bodywork mounted on a steel chassis and was fitted with a straight-six engine, three SU carburettor version of the 4-litre Austin engine and four speed transmission with optional Laycock de Normanville overdrive.

The body consisted of three major mouldings and the entire front was rear hinged and could be raised for engine access. The doors were aluminium. Suspension was independent at the front using coil springs with a Panhard rod located rigid axle and leaf springs at the rear. A choice of wire spoked or steel disc wheels with centre lock fitting was offered. At first the car had servo assisted  drum brakes but from 1956, the newly introduced 541 Deluxe version featured Dunlop disc brakes both front and rear—the first British four seater thus equipped.

It was also a luxurious car with the well equipped interior featuring leather seats as standard. The individual seats in front separated by a high transmission tunnel and the rear seats had a small centre armrest and could also be tilted forwards to increase luggage space. Standard colours (1955) were black, ivory, imperial crimson, moonbeam grey, Boticelli blue, deep green and Tampico beige.

By employing lightweight materials, Jensen managed to make the car significantly lighter than their contemporary Interceptor model, with a dry weight of  as against the older design's . Performance benefitted.

In 1957 the 541 R was introduced, and in 1960 the 541 S arrived with wider bodywork and revised grill styling. Production of the Jensen 541 ended in 1959 and the 541 S early 1963 when the range was replaced by the C-V8.

Performance
The Jensen 541 was a fast car with a claimed  and top speed of  (both subsequently increased) at launch.

A car with overdrive tested by the British magazine The Motor in 1955 had a top speed of  and could accelerate from 0- in 10.8 seconds. A fuel consumption of  was recorded. The test car cost £2146 (with the optional overdrive) including taxes. In 1957 Richard Jensen had a 541 deluxe built with a Chrysler Hemi engine but no performance or fuel consumption figures are known for this vehicle.
The basic car cost £1821

Drophead Coupé De Ville by Abbott Of Farnham
Two examples of the 541 were converted into drophead coupés by Abbott of Farnham.

Gallery

See also
 Jensen 541R
 Jensen 541S

References

541
Sports cars
Cars introduced in 1954
Pfalz D.VIII. The Pfalz D.VIII was a German World War I fighter aircraft.

Development
The D.VIII was approved for production arising from German initiatives in 1918 to develop superior fighter aircraft.  Its power unit, the Siemens-Halske Sh.III rotary enabled the type to achieve a top speed of  at sea level. Armament was twin 7.92mm Spandau machine guns.

Production
Forty units were completed but as this was very near the end of the war, they were used mostly for evaluation purposes.

Specifications (D.VIII - (Sh III engine))

See also

References

Further reading

External links

 YouTube May 2020 video of Mikael Carlson's authentic Pfalz D VIII biplane reproduction in ground-trials, with restored and operable Sh III engine
Pfalz D.VIII

1910s German fighter aircraft
D.VIII
Biplanes
Rotary-engined aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1918
Homologation reaction. In organic chemistry, a homologation reaction, also known as homologization, is any chemical reaction that converts the reactant into the next member of the homologous series. A homologous series is a group of compounds that differ by a constant unit, generally a methylene () group. The reactants undergo a homologation when the number of a repeated structural unit in the molecules is increased.  The most common homologation reactions increase the number of methylene () units in saturated chain within the molecule. For example, the reaction of aldehydes or ketones with diazomethane or methoxymethylenetriphenylphosphine to give the next homologue in the series.

Examples of homologation reactions include:

 Kiliani-Fischer synthesis, where an aldose molecule is elongated through a three-step process consisting of:
 Nucleophillic addition of cyanide to the carbonyl to form a cyanohydrin
 Hydrolysis to form a lactone
 Reduction to form the homologous aldose
 Wittig reaction of an aldehyde with methoxymethylenetriphenylphosphine, which produces a homologous aldehyde.
 Arndt–Eistert reaction is a series of chemical reactions designed to convert a carboxylic acid to a higher carboxylic acid homologue (i.e. contains one additional carbon atom)
 Kowalski ester homologation, an alternative to the Arndt-Eistert synthesis. Has been used to convert β-amino esters from α-amino esters through an ynolate intermediate.
 Seyferth–Gilbert homologation in which an aldehyde is converted to a terminal alkyne and then hydrolyzed back to an aldehyde.

Some reactions increase the chain length by more than one unit. For example, the DeMayo reaction can be considered a two-carbon homologation reaction.

Chain reduction
Likewise the chain length can also be reduced: 
 In the Gallagher–Hollander degradation (1946) pyruvic acid is removed from a linear aliphatic carboxylic acid yielding a new acid with 2 carbon atoms less. The original publication concerns the conversion of bile acid in a series of reactions: acid chloride (2) formation with thionyl chloride, diazoketone formation (3) with diazomethane, chloromethyl ketone formation (4) with hydrochloric acid, organic reduction of chlorine to methylketone (5), ketone halogenation to 6, elimination reaction with pyridine to enone 7 and finally oxidation with chromium trioxide to bisnorcholanic acid 8. 

 In the Hooker reaction (1936) an alkyl chain in a certain naphthoquinone (phenomenon first observed in the compound lapachol) is reduced by one methylene unit as carbon dioxide in each potassium permanganate oxidation.

Mechanistically oxidation causes ring-cleavage at the alkene group, extrusion of carbon dioxide in decarboxylation with subsequent ring-closure.

See also 

 Homologous series

References 

 
Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions
Alberg 35. The Alberg 35 is a fiberglass sailboat designed by Carl Alberg. It is also known as the Pearson Alberg 35. The design was produced not only by Pearson Yachts in Rhode Island, but also by AeroMarine Composites and Ericson Yachts. It is the larger cousin of the Alberg 30 and the Pearson Triton. The Alberg 35 was the second yacht put into production by Pearson after the hugely successful Triton. In the case of Ericson, boats were produced from Pearson molds that had been salvaged by Ericson employees from a California landfill; the Alberg 35 became one of Ericson's early successes.

Specifications 

LOA:  34'-9"

LWL:  24'-0"	

Beam:  9'-8"

Draft:  5'-2"
	
Ballast:  5300 lb (Lead)	

Sail Area (100%):  

Displacement:  

PHRF Race Rating: 198

References

External links
 http://www.alberg35.org/
 https://sailboat.guide/pearson/alberg-35
 http://www.alberg35.com/ (restoration blog)

Sailing yachts
1960s sailboat type designs
Sailboat types built by Ericson Yachts
Sailboat type designs by Carl Alberg
Digital signal controller. A digital signal controller (DSC) is a hybrid of microcontrollers and digital signal processors (DSPs). Like microcontrollers, DSCs have fast interrupt responses, offer control-oriented peripherals like PWMs and watchdog timers, and are usually programmed using the C programming language, although they can be programmed using the device's native assembly language.  On the DSP side, they incorporate features found on most DSPs such as single-cycle multiply–accumulate (MAC) units, barrel shifters, and large accumulators. Not all vendors have adopted the term DSC. The term was first introduced by Microchip Technology in 2002 with the launch of their 6000 series DSCs and subsequently adopted by most, but not all DSC vendors.  For example, Infineon and Renesas refer to their DSCs as microcontrollers.

DSCs are used in a wide range of applications, but the majority go into motor control, power conversion, and sensor processing applications. Currently, DSCs are being marketed as green technologies for their potential to reduce power consumption in electric motors and power supplies.

In order of market share, the top three DSC vendors are Texas Instruments, Freescale, and Microchip Technology, according to market research firm Forward Concepts (2007). These three companies dominate the DSC market, with other vendors such as Infineon and Renesas taking a smaller slice of the pie.

DSC chips
NOTE:  Data is from 2012 (Microchip and TI) and table currently only includes offering from the top 3 DSC vendors.

DSC software

DSCs, like microcontrollers and DSPs, require software support. There are a growing number of software packages that offer the features required by both DSP applications and microcontroller applications. With a broader set of requirements, software solutions are more rare. They require: development tools, DSP libraries, optimization for DSP processing, fast interrupt handling, multi-threading, and a tiny footprint.

References

Microcontrollers
Digital signal processing
Digital signal processors
Integrated circuits
Mod Kashin-class destroyer. The Modified Kashin class were six ships built and modified based on the Kashin-class destroyer for the Soviet Navy between 1973 and 1980. Five more ships were built after that for the Indian Navy. The Soviet designation for the Mod Kashin is Project 61MP.

Added Equipment
The main addition to the selected ships were four SS-N-2C anti-ship missile launchers. A pair of AK-630 30mm gatling guns were installed on the sides of the ship, along with a Bass Tilt fire control radar warranting the removal of two RBU-1000 rocket launchers.  The landing pad mounted on the stern of the normal Kashin classes were replaced with a helicopter platform. The last change made to the Kashins was an increased forward superstructure on two decks.

General characteristics

Displacement - Standard: 3,950 tons, full load: 4,950 tons
Length - 146 m (480 ft), overall
Beam - 15.8 m (52 ft)
Draught - 4.8 m (16 ft)
Propulsions - 2 shaft; COGAG; 4 gas-turbines, 35 knots maximum.
Complement - 320
Armament - 
Surface-to-surface missiles: 4 SS-N-2C launchers; 4 missiles.
Anti-air: 2 twin SA-N-1 launchers; 44 missiles, 4 AK-630 30mm gatling guns.
Anti-submarine: 2 12-barreled RBU-6000 rocket launchers, five rows of 533mm (21 in) torpedo tubes.

Ships

Soviet Navy

Indian Navy

References

Destroyer classes
Ships of the Soviet Navy
Ships of the Russian Navy
Destroyers of the Soviet Navy
Hirth HM 504. The Hirth HM 504 is a four-cylinder air-cooled inverted inline engine. The HM 504 was a popular engine for light aircraft of the 1930s-1940s, and it was used to power a number of Germany's trainer aircraft of World War II. The engine featured a cast magnesium alloy crankcase made of Elektron  The Hitachi Hatsukaze Model 11 was a Japanese licensed version.

Applications
Arado Ar 79
Bücker Bü 131
Bücker Bü 181
BŻ-1 GIL (helicopter)
Klemm Kl 35
Matra-Cantinieau MC-101 (helicopter)
Morane-Saulnier MS.603
Payen Arbalète
Repülőgépgyár Levente II

Specifications (HM 504 A-2)

See also

References

External links
Göbler-Hirthmotoren Company website (nothing in there about pre-war engines)

Hirth aircraft engines
Air-cooled aircraft piston engines
1930s aircraft piston engines
Inverted aircraft piston engines
Dot-S. Dot-S (ドッツ, styled as .S) also known as Dot-Pin is a toy, similar to a Lite-Brite, created in 2005 by Japanese company Tomytec. The toys allow for the creation of pictures by placing colored pegs into holes in one or more boards. Many sets allow for the creation of various sprite characters from classic video games, with each peg representing one pixel.

Kits

There are 56 kits, including a starter kit which contains 17 colors. Many of sets are based on popular licenses from various companies.  Only some of the kits are listed below.

Disney 
Donald Duck
Jack Skellington
Mickey Mouse (Black and white, color versions)
Minnie Mouse (Black and white, color versions)
Stitch

Namco 
Dig Dug
Mappy
Pac-Man
The Tower of Druaga
Xevious

Nintendo 
Balloon Fight
Ice Climber
The Legend of Zelda - two sets, including "King of Games" Set
Nintendo Classics
Super Mario Bros. - Mario and Luigi (also available in large sets)

Other 
Doko Demo Issyo (Sony Computer Entertainment, two sets)
Space Invaders (Taito)

Colors

Pink
Red (3 shades)
Magenta
Yellow (2 shades)
Orange (2 shades)
Gold
Peach (4 shades)
Khaki
Brown (4 shades)
Olive
Green (5 shades)
Blue (5 shades)
Violet (3 shades)
White
Gray (4 shades)
Black
Glow

See also 
Lite-Brite

References

External links 
Official site (Japanese)

2000s toys
Blériot 135. The Blériot 135 (or Bl-135) was a French airliner of the 1920s, a development of the Blériot 115 with more powerful, radial engines. One of the two built was a converted 115, the other new. Both served with Air Union on their Paris–London route from mid-1924.

Variants

Bleriot 135
Four-engined airliner.
Bleriot 136
Projected five-seat day-bomber version. Not built.

Operators
France
Air Union

Specifications

References
 
 Barfoot, John. "R.E.8 Pilot: Lieutenant William Lefevre Oxley Parker13 Squadron, RFC." The '14–'18 Journal 2006. Sydney: The Australian Society of World War 1 Aero Historians, 14.
 aviafrance.com

135
1920s French airliners
Four-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1924
Four-engined piston aircraft