omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Paris Kanellakis Award. The Paris Kanellakis Theory and Practice Award is granted yearly by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) to honor "specific theoretical accomplishments that have had a significant and demonstrable effect on the practice of computing". It was instituted in 1996, in memory of Paris C. Kanellakis, a computer scientist who died with his immediate family in an airplane crash in South America in 1995 (American Airlines Flight 965). The award is accompanied by a prize of $10,000 and is endowed by contributions from Kanellakis's parents, with additional financial support provided by four ACM Special Interest Groups (SIGACT, SIGDA, SIGMOD, and SIGPLAN), the ACM SIG Projects Fund, and individual contributions.

Winners

See also

 List of computer science awards

References

External links
 Paris Kanellakis Theory and Practice Award on the ACM website.
 The Paris Kanellakis Theory and Practice Award Committee on the ACM website.

Awards of the Association for Computing Machinery
Computer science awards
LMS Class 2P 4-4-0. The London, Midland and Scottish Railway Class 2P 4-4-0 was a class of steam locomotive designed for light passenger work.

Overview 

The class was introduced in 1928 and was a post-grouping development of the Midland Railway 483 Class with modified dimensions and reduced boiler mountings.

The numbering continued from where the Midland engines left off at 563 and eventually reached 700. 138 were built, though numbering is slightly complicated by renumberings and transfers.

Details 

Numbers 633 and 653 were fitted with Dabeg feedwater heater in 1933. Numbers 591 and 639 were withdrawn in 1934 after being heavily damaged in an accident at Port Eglinton Junction near Cumberland Street Station, Glasgow on 6 September of the same year. After nationalisation in 1948, British Railways added 40000 to the numbers of the remaining 136 engines.  Further withdrawals came between 1954 and 1962.  All were scrapped.

Models 
Hornby produce a 00 gauge model based on the old Dapol (formerly Airfix) tooling which is reasonably accurate. Graham Farish produced an N gauge model of the 4P 4-4-0 Compound when they were in Poole, Dorset, and the chassis for this could be modified to represent the 2P. Union Mills on the Isle of Man make a 2P in N gauge.

References

External links

 Class 2P-B Details at Rail UK

2P 4-4-0
4-4-0 locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1928
Scrapped locomotives
Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain
2′B h2 locomotives
Passenger locomotives
Ashish Gulhati. Ashish Gulhati (born 1973 in New Delhi, India) author, philosopher, notable for being one of India's first online activists and open source hackers.

Open source
As one of India's original hackers, Ashish has worked to raise awareness about FOSS in India. In 1993 he co-founded The X Group, the first company to offer professional commercial support for open-source software in India, with Raj Mathur. 

He is an open source developer and the author of several extensions to the Perl programming language, including PerlVision, Crypt::GPG, Crypt::Schnorr::AuthSign, Persistence::Database::SQL and Persistence::Object::Postgres.

Articles
His articles and columns in PCQuest and Dataquest magazines in 1993 and 1994 were among the first in the mainstream Indian computing press to inform thousands of readers about alternative operating systems, Unix, Linux, open-source software, Email, the Internet and the World Wide Web, years before Internet access was commercially available in India. These early articles  formed an important part of the PCQuest Linux Initiative that resulted in close to a million Linux CD-ROMs being distributed.

BBS
In pre-Internet India, Ashish created and operated the Primal Scream Bulletin Board System, and created the country's first inter-city Fidonet echo. Soon after the launch of Internet services in India, Ashish co-founded Sense/NET, a very popular ISP, with Vipul Ved Prakash. Prakash as of 2018 serves as a Director of Engineering at Apple.

Web development
In 1997 Ashish created the award-winning website for Connect Magazine, the first Indian magazine with an online edition. 

In 1998, he created the website and online publishing engine for The American Reporter, the world's first and oldest original daily Internet newspaper, and winner of the landmark First Amendment case, Shea v Reno.

Security and privacy
In 1999, he was involved with Laissez Faire City, where he developed Laissez Faire City's OpenPGP compatible messaging engine, and also deployed secure wireless links for Laissez-Faire City's consulate in Costa Rica.

Since 2000, he has been actively involved in various security and privacy-related efforts

References 

 India Today
 The Economic Times
 Wired Magazine
 The American Reporter
 Connect Magazine
 Express Computer India
 PCQuest Aug '93 Unix Article
 PCQuest Sep '93 Linux Article

External links
 https://web.archive.org/web/20070409091054/http://netropolis.org/hash/ - Blog
 https://web.archive.org/web/20110721181526/http://thefree.in/ - Forum for Rights to Electronic Expression

1973 births
Living people
People from New Delhi
Indian technology writers
Gyricon. Gyricon is a type of electronic paper developed at the Xerox PARC (Palo Alto Research Center). It has many of the same properties as paper: it is flexible, contains an image, and is viewable from a wide angle, but it can be erased and written thousands of times.

A Gyricon sheet is a thin layer of transparent plastic, in which millions of small beads, somewhat like toner particles, are randomly dispersed. The beads, each contained in an oil-filled cavity, are free to rotate within those cavities. The beads are "bichromal", with hemispheres of two contrasting colors (e.g. black and white, red and white), and charged, so they exhibit an electrical dipole. When voltage is applied to the surface of the sheet, the beads rotate to present one colored side to the viewer.  Voltages can be applied to the surface to create images such as text and pictures. The image will persist until new voltage patterns are applied 

As of December, 2005, Xerox closed down the direct subsidiary Gyricon LLC, their Gyricon e-paper display business, and is focusing on licensing the technology.
The company have said that the reason for their closure has been their inability to source backplane technology for their Gyricon frontplane at a price of less than $10 per square foot (US$100/m2). Being able to achieve a price of under $10 was said to be critical to the success of marketing their e-paper-based electronic signage products. Although the company will stop direct manufacture and sale of Gyricon e-paper display products, it will, however, still be licensing their frontplane technology to other users.

References 

Display technology
Synthetic paper
Electronic paper technology
Newark Air Museum. Newark Air Museum is an air museum located on a former Royal Air Force station at Winthorpe, near Newark-on-Trent in Nottinghamshire, England. The museum contains a variety of aircraft.

History
The airfield was known as RAF Winthorpe during the Second World War, opening in September 1940. From 1942 to 1944, it housed No. 1661 Heavy Conversion Unit, training Avro Lancaster crews, in No. 5 Group with around thirty planes. In 1944 it joined No. 7 Group, still within Bomber Command. In 1945 it transferred to Transport Command.

The following units were posted at RAF Winthorp at some point:
 No. 54 Maintenance Unit.
 No. 61 Maintenance Unit.
 No. 1331 Heavy Transport Conversion Unit.
 No. 1333 (Transport Support) Conversion Unit which became No. 1333 (Transport Support) Training Unit RAF]].
 Central Servicing Development Establishment RAF.

In 1964,  of the former airfield were purchased by the Newark and Nottinghamshire Agricultural Society, who have since held the Newark and Nottinghamshire County Show. A limited company called Newark (Nottinghamshire and Lincolnshire) Air Museum was formed in 1968. The museum officially opened on 14 April 1973. In 1990, the museum opened its first exhibition hall. This was followed by the purchase of an additional  of land that became known as the Southfield Site. A second display hall was opened on this property in 2004.

Aircraft on display

Cockpitfest

The Air Museum has, for the past few years, hosted the annual Cockpitfest. This popular event calls on enthusiasts and 'cockpitters' alike to bring their memorabilia for others to see and, in the case of cockpits, get inside. The Cockpitfest celebrated its 10th anniversary in June 2009.

See also
 List of aerospace museums

References

Footnotes

Notes

External links

 Newark Air Museum website
 Nottinghamshire and the jump jet
 Museum gallery at BBC Nottingham
 History of RAF Winthorpe
 Neighbouring showground

Aerospace museums in England
Museums in Nottinghamshire
Museums established in 1973
Military history of Nottinghamshire
Buildings and structures in Newark-on-Trent
1973 establishments in England
LMS Royal Scot Class 6170 British Legion. The London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) 6170  (later 46170) British Legion was a British steam locomotive.  It was the prototype for, and is sometimes considered a member of, the Rebuilt Royal Scot Class but differed from those later rebuilds principally in having a unique type 2 boiler, rather than a type 2A boiler, the two not being interchangeable.

Overview 
6170 was constructed in 1935 utilising the frames of the unsuccessful experimental high pressure compound locomotive 6399 Fury. The Schmidt-Henschel boiler was replaced with a taper boiler, designed by William Stanier, and a new smokebox and inside cylinder were fitted. 

The locomotive was named after the British Legion and given a number as part of the Royal Scot Class.  The boiler type was type 2.

It remained the only Class 6P rebuild until 1942 when two Jubilee Class engines 5735 Comet and 5736 Phoenix were also rebuilt with 2A boilers. After that, the LMS rebuilt all 70 of the Royal Scots, between 1943 and 1955 and 18 of the Patriot Class between 1946 and 1949 with 2A boilers.  Thus 6170 was a prototype of a family of LMS 2A boilered 4-6-0s. When built, 6170 was given the standard passenger livery of LMS crimson lake and was the only rebuilt Scot to wear that livery whilst in service, though 6100 Royal Scot carries it in preservation.

There were numerous differences between 6170 and the other rebuilt Scots 6170's boiler was longer and it had a new cab with side windows, whereas the other rebuilt Scots retained their old cut-out cabs (the rebuilt Jubilees retained their original side window cabs and the rebuilt Patriots gained new side window cabs). It was the only rebuilt Scot built with a single chimney. Changes during its lifetime saw the fitting of a double chimney and smoke deflectors.

After nationalisation in 1948, 6170 was renumbered 46170. It was withdrawn in 1962 and subsequently scrapped.

References

Sources

External links 
 Railuk database

6170 British Legion
The Royal British Legion
Railway locomotives introduced in 1935
Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain
Scrapped locomotives
Rebuilt locomotives
individual locomotives of Great Britain
4-6-0 locomotives
VisualFlow. VisualFlow was a Sony program distributed in the late 1990s and early 2000s with Sony VAIO computers. It offered an alternative GUI, designed to permit "easy viewing of stored image data".

As the user selected large icons representing folders and files within VisualFlow, the program would depict them with user-selectable animations. These included left and right movements and spiraling movements, similar to the helical structures of DNA. The main Visual Flow interface consisted of red icons on a black background, and resembled Vector graphics, although VisualFlow was capable of displaying certain image files within the program environment.  VisualFlow could run in a full-screen or windowed mode.

VisualFlow was built to only run on Sony VAIO products. This was typically enforced by vendor ID checking.

VisualFlow was notable for being a rare effort at GUI innovation on the part of the PC manufacturer.  VisualFlow is showcased on the Sony Design website for being an exceptional attempt at interface design in the 1990s.

References

External links
 "Visual Flow"

Image viewers
Sony software
Windows graphics-related software
Volkswagen EcoRacer. The Volkswagen EcoRacer is a Volkswagen concept car first shown to the public at the 2005 Tokyo Motor Show. It was designed by Cesar Muntada, a Barcelona born designer, who previously worked in the Design Center of PSA Peugeot and of Honda. Muntada is also the acclaimed author of the successful project "Showdown", a Harley-Davidson based concept bike allotted to be made by 2020.

Performance
The EcoRacer accelerates from  in 6.3 seconds. The top speed is . The average fuel consumption is 3.4 liters per 100 km (70 miles per gallon).

Engine
It has a diesel powered, turbocharged internal combustion engine with a displacement of 1.5 L. Despite the small displacement, it delivers one hundred kilowatts (136 hp) with 250 N·m of torque at 1900 rpm. The engine is of the common rail type, which is more efficient and quieter than the conventional rotary pump injection systems. It is equipped with a particulate matter filter. The engine is linked to a Direct-Shift Gearbox (DSG) with seven gears, and is a mid mount in front of the rear axle

The car
The EcoRacer seats two people, and has a small luggage compartment. The body is made of carbon fibre, which resulted in a relatively low weight of 850 kilograms (approximately 1875 lb). It is  long with a wheelbase of . The car is a veritable transformer, with three modes: coupe, roadster (no roof) and speedster (no a pillar/windscreen).

External links
ECORacer concept info as archived 2008-08-15
Pictures of the EcoRacer

EcoRacer
Boxology. A boxology is a representation of an organized structure as a graph of labeled nodes ("boxes") and connections between them (as lines or arrows).  The concept is useful because many problems in systems design are reducible to modular "black boxes" and connections or flow channels between them.  The term is somewhat tongue-in-cheek  and refers to the generic nature of diagrams containing labelled nodes and (sometimes directed) paths between them.

The archetypical example of a boxology is a corporate "org chart", which describes lines of control through the corporation.  Other boxologies include programming flow charts,
system-level circuit diagrams for designing large complex circuits, and even economic models.
Feynman diagrams are useful because they reduce the complicated mathematics of quantum mechanics to a simple boxology of particle interactions.

Depending on application, the boxes are optional; for example, the global carbon cycle is modeled as a boxology, but many figures explaining the model include only labels and directed connections.

References

Diagrams
LMS Jubilee Class 5593 Kolhapur. London, Midland and Scottish Railway Jubilee Class 5593 (BR number 45593) named Kolhapur is a preserved British steam locomotive.

Revenue service
5593 was built in 1934 by the North British Locomotive Company of Glasgow, Works number 24151, and part of Lot 118, to a design by William Stanier.  In May 1936 it was named Kolhapur after Kolhapur, a princely state in western India.

Initially built with a low degree superheat domeless boiler, 5593 received a domed boiler in April 1937.

5593 hauled the train carrying Winston Churchill from Liverpool on his return from talks with President Roosevelt in 1942.

After nationalisation in 1948, it was renumbered 45593 by British Railways in December of that year. It was allocated to various sheds during the 1950s and 1960s, including Longsight, Carlisle Upperby, Willesden, Aston, Burton, Patricroft and Newton Heath.

On 23 March 1965, 5593 was transferred to Leeds Holbeck and was kept there in good condition to work railtours over the Settle-Carlisle line. The locomotive was also given a yellow cabside warning stripe to indicate that it was barred from the electrified West Coast Main Line south of Crewe where it was out-of-gauge. Kolhapur was withdrawn in October 1967.

Preservation

45593 was bought in good condition January 1968 by the then Standard Gauge Steam Trust. It was restored during the 1980s to LMS crimson lake livery becoming a regular performer hauling railtours around the UK. In 1994, it temporarily assumed the identity and special livery of scrapped sister and class pioneer 5552 Silver Jubilee for the silver jubilee of the Great Central Railway, 45593 was repainted into BR green in 1995. 45593 was withdrawn from service in 1997 following the expiry of its boiler certificate.

In 2008, Kolhapur appeared at the York Railfest along with Castle 7029 Clun Castle. It returned to Tyseley for the Tyseley 100 celebrations. For this, it was going to be repainted into LMS crimson lake livery but this was never applied.

By January 2024, 45593 was stored out of service at Tyseley Locomotive Works, awaiting an overhaul which was expected to cost around £750,000. In the same month it was announced that with the engine not expected to be sent into the works for an overhaul, discussions were underway for Kolhapur to be sold onwards to a new owner as part of Tyseley's growth plans. In May 2024 David Smith of West Coast Railways confirmed that he had purchased 45593 and that the locomotive would move to Carnforth for a future overhaul.

References

External links

 Jubilees page
 Railuk database

5593 Kolhapur
Preserved London, Midland and Scottish Railway steam locomotives
Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain
Railway locomotives introduced in 1934
Individual locomotives of Great Britain
4-6-0 locomotives
2,2-Dimethoxypropane. 2,2-Dimethoxypropane (DMP) is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)2C(OCH3)2. A colorless liquid, it is the product of the condensation of acetone and methanol. DMP is used as a water scavenger in water-sensitive reactions. Upon acid-catalyzed reaction, DMP reacts quantitatively with water to form acetone and methanol. This property can be used to accurately determine the amount of water in a sample, alternatively to the Karl Fischer method.

DMP is specifically used to prepare acetonides:
RCHOHCHOHCH2 + (MeO)2CMe2 → RCHCHCH2O2CMe2 + 2 MeOH

Dimethoxypropane is an intermediate for the synthesis of 2-methoxypropene.

In histology, DMP is used for the dehydration of animal tissue.

References

External links
 MSDS
 MSDS

Methylating agents
Ethers
Ketals
Reagents for organic chemistry
Walrus HULA. The Walrus HULA (Hybrid Ultra Large Aircraft) project was a DARPA-funded experiment to create an airship capable of traveling up to 12,000 nautical miles (about 22,000 km) in range, while carrying 500–1000 tons of air cargo. In distinct contrast to earlier generation airships, the Walrus HULA would be a heavier-than-air vehicle and would generate lift through a combination of aerodynamics, thrust vectoring, and gas buoyancy generation and management.

DARPA said advances in envelope and hull materials, buoyancy and lift control, drag reduction and propulsion combined to make this concept feasible. Technologies to be investigated in the initial study phase included vacuum/air buoyancy compensator tanks, which provide buoyancy control without ballast, and electrostatic atmospheric ion propulsion.

The WALRUS could potentially expand and speed the strategic airlift capability of the United States substantially while simultaneously reducing costs. A smaller scale demonstration was scheduled for 2008, when a small scale version of the WALRUS designed to carry only the capacity of a C-130 Hercules (i.e., 18,000 kg or about 40,000 lbs) was expected to fly.

The project was cancelled in 2010.

See also 

 P-791
 Aeroscraft
 CargoLifter
 Hybrid airship

References

Sources 
 Defense Industry Daily (Oct 21/05) - US Congressional Budget Office Gives OK to HULA Airships for Airlift
 
 Defense Industry Daily (July 6/05) - USAF Looking at Near-Space Blimps

External links 
 aeroscraft.com

Airships of the United States
DARPA
United States cargo aircraft
Advanced Land Observing Satellite. Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS), also called Daichi (a Japanese word meaning "land"), was a 3810 kg Japanese satellite launched in 2006. After five years of service, the satellite lost power and ceased communication with Earth, but remains in orbit.

Launch 
ALOS was launched from Tanegashima, Japan, on 24 January 2006 by H-IIA No. 8. The launch had been delayed three times by weather and sensor problems.

Mission 
The satellite contained three sensors that were used for cartography and disaster monitoring of Asia and the Pacific Ocean. The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) initially hoped to be able to launch the successor to ALOS during 2011, but this plan did not materialize.

In 2008, it was announced that the images generated by ALOS were too blurry to be of any use for map making. Only 52 of 4,300 images of Japan could be updated based on data from ALOS. Then, JAXA announced the problem was solved.

ALOS was used to analyze several disaster sites. Images of the devastated Japanese coast following the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami were among the last major contributions from ALOS.

Decommissioning 

In April 2011, the satellite was found to have switched itself into power-saving mode due to deterioration of its solar arrays. Technicians could no longer confirm that any power was being generated. It was suggested that meteoroids may have struck ALOS, creating the anomaly which eventually led to its shutdown.

On 12 May 2011, JAXA sent a command to the satellite to power down its batteries and declared it dead in orbit.

See also 

 2006 in spaceflight
 ADEOS I, JERS-1 (predecessor spacecraft)
 ALOS-2
 Japan Coast Guard

References

External links 
 Paper on ALOS

Earth observation satellites of Japan
JAXA
Synthetic aperture radar satellites
Japan Coast Guard
2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami
Derelict satellites orbiting Earth
Spacecraft launched by H-II rockets
Spacecraft launched in 2006
System Rush. System Rush is a 2005 futuristic racing game published by Nokia and developed by Ideaworks Game Studio for the N-Gage.

Story
In a world controlled by corporations, information is everything. Knowing that your competitors' secrets is the only way to get an edge in the cutthroat arena of corporate dominance. In this information age, warfare is carried out by "black hat" (morally corrupt) hackers who have become electronic gladiators for their boardroom puppet masters.

You are a "white hat" hacker on the verge of being framed for a high-profile global cyber-crime. Your sophisticated program, designed to cleanse any network of malicious hacker activity, has been stolen by black hat hackers on the payroll of Globenet. A network of unscrupulous corporations. This evil alliance intends to use your code as a "logic bomb" to bring down rival corporations.

Your only chance at clearing your name is to infiltrate Globenet, steal back your code and expose the conspiracy.

Features
System Rush can be played both as a single-player game and in a multi-player mode, using either N-Gage Arena or a local Bluetooth connection. As of December 2007 the Arena functions are now defunct.

Developments
System Rush was an original concept by Ideaworks Game Studio who also developed the game.

Reception

The game received "favorable" reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic.

Sequel
Nokia released the follow-up System Rush: Evolution, which was also developed by Ideaworks Game Studio on the Nokia N93 and N95. System Rush: Evolution is the sequel for N-Gage 2.0 mobile gaming devices, featuring better graphics, a new story, and new game types (there are three in total; racing, shooting and flying). It was announced on 10 May 2006. As of February 4, 2008, this sequel/remake can also be played on the N81 by downloading and installing the new N-Gage 2.0 platform.

References

External links
 Website in the Webrchive

External links
 
 System Rush: Evolution at N-Gage.com

2005 video games
Cyberpunk video games
Hacking video games
Ideaworks Game Studio games
N-Gage games
N-Gage service games
Nokia games
Racing video games
Video games developed in the United Kingdom