omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Richard Farrimond. Richard Alfred Farrimond (born 15 September 1947) is a British engineer, former army officer and astronaut. He is currently a history PhD student at King's College London.

Born in Birkenhead (Cheshire), he was educated Clifton College. He studied at the Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst and received a BSc in telecommunications at the Royal Military College of Science, Shrivenham in 1972. At the end of his military career he was Lieutenant-Colonel in the Royal Corps of Signals of the British Army. After leaving the Army, he worked for British Aerospace, later for Matra Marconi Space and finally with Astrium. On retirement he studied at King's College London for a history master's degree and his dissertation on 'Britain and Human Space Flight' was published.
In July 1984 he was chosen, from the candidates of RAF and Royal Navy, as the backup crew payload specialist to fly with the Space Shuttle mission STS-61-H, which was planned to deliver the British Skynet 4A satellite to space. However, after the Challenger accident this space flight was cancelled, and he left the space program without having flown into orbit.

Sources

1947 births
British astronauts
Living people
Royal Corps of Signals officers
People from Birkenhead
Graduates of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst
People educated at Clifton College
20th-century British Army personnel
Ernő Winter. Ernő Winter (15 March 1897 – 2 June 1971)
 was a Hungarian engineer who developed barium lamps. Working at Tungsram, Ernő Winter, along with others, co-developed tungsten technology for the production of more reliable and longer-lasting coiled-filament lamps.

In 1923 at Tungsram Ltd., a research laboratory was established for improving light sources, mainly electric bulbs.
The head of that laboratory was Ignác Pfeifer (1867–1941), whose research staff included Ernő Winter, along with Tivadar Millner (1899–1988), Zoltán Bay (1900–1992), Imre Bródy (1891–1944), György Szigeti (1905–1978), and many others.

Notes

External links
 KFKI notes on Ernő Winter.

20th-century Hungarian inventors
Hungarian electrical engineers
1897 births
1971 deaths
Coscheduling. Coscheduling is the principle for concurrent systems of scheduling related processes to run on different processors at the same time (in parallel). There are various specific implementations to realize this.

If an application consists of a collection of processes working closely together, and if some but not all of the processes are scheduled for execution, the executing processes may attempt to communicate with those that are not executing, which will cause them to block.  Eventually the other processes will be scheduled for execution, but by this time the situation may be reversed so that these processes also block waiting for interactions with others.  As a result, the application makes progress at the rate of at most one interprocess interaction per time slice, and will have low throughput and high latency.

Implementation 
Coscheduling consists of two ideas:
 When scheduling any of the processes in the related group, schedule all of them for execution so that they can communicate efficiently.
 When a process in the group blocks while communicating with another process in the group, don't remove it from its processor.  Instead, leave its state loaded on its processor for a short time, under the assumption that it will receive a response shortly. If this time elapses and the process still hasn't become runnable, then assume it will sleep for a long time and reschedule the processor.

Some coscheduling techniques exhibit fragments of processes that do not run concurrently with the rest of the coscheduled set. The occurrence of these fragments is usually minimized by these algorithms. Gang scheduling is a stricter variant of coscheduling that disallows fragments completely.

Types of coscheduling
Researchers have classified three types of coscheduling: explicit coscheduling, local scheduling and implicit or dynamic coscheduling.

Explicit coscheduling requires all processing to take place at the same time, and is typically implemented by global scheduling across all processors. A specific algorithm is known as gang scheduling.

Local coscheduling allows individual processors to schedule the processing independently.

Dynamic (or implicit) coscheduling is a form of coscheduling where individual processors can still schedule processing independently, but they make scheduling decisions in cooperation with other processors.

History
The term "coscheduling" was introduced by . The original definition is that the process working set must be coscheduled (scheduled for execution simultaneously) for the parallel program to make progress.

See also
 Gang scheduling

Notes

 

Parallel computing
Processor scheduling algorithms
Gear manufacturing. Gear manufacturing refers to the making of gears. Gears can be manufactured by a variety of processes, including casting, forging, extrusion, powder metallurgy, and blanking. As a general rule, however, machining is applied to achieve the final dimensions, shape and surface finish in the gear. The initial operations that produce a semifinishing part ready for gear machining as referred to as blanking operations; the starting product in gear machining is called a gear blank.

Selection of materials 
The gear material should have the following properties:

 High tensile strength to prevent failure against static loads
 High endurance strength to withstand dynamic loads
 Low coefficient of friction
 Good manufacturability

Gear manufacturing processes 
There are multiple ways in which gear blanks can be shaped through the cutting and finishing processes.

Gear forming 
In gear form cutting, the cutting edge of the cutting tool has a shape identical with the shape of the space between the gear teeth. Two machining operations, milling and broaching can be employed to form cut gear teeth.

Form milling 
In form milling, the cutter called a form cutter travels axially along the length of the gear tooth at the appropriate depth to produce the gear tooth. After each tooth is cut, the cutter is withdrawn, the gear blank is rotated, and the cutter proceeds to cut another tooth. The process continues until all teeth are cut

Broaching 
Broaching can also be used to produce gear teeth and is particularly applicable to internal teeth. The process is rapid and produces fine surface finish with high dimensional accuracy. However, because broaches are expensive and a separate broach is required for each size of gear, this method is suitable mainly for high-quality production.

Gear generation 
In gear generation, the tooth flanks are obtained as an outline of the subsequent positions of the cutter, which resembles in shape the mating gear in the gear pair. There are two machining processes employed shaping and milling. There are several modifications of these processes for different cutting tool used.

Gear hobbing 
Gear hobbing is a machining process in which gear teeth are progressively generated by a series of cuts with a helical cutting tool.  All motions in hobbing are rotary, and the hob and gear blank rotate continuously as in two gears meshing until all teeth are cut.

Finishing operations 
As produced by any of the process described, the surface finish and dimensional accuracy may not 
be accurate enough for certain applications. Several finishing operations are available, including the 
conventional process of shaving, and a number of abrasive operations, including grinding, honing, and lapping.

See also 
 American Gear Manufacturers Association, standards organization for gears

References 

Gears
Pre-unit construction. Pre-unit construction, also called separate construction, is a motorcycle engine architecture where the engine and gearbox are separate components with their own oil reservoirs, linked by a driving chain within a primary chaincase. Mounting plates are usually attached to the frame allowing for chain adjustment by gearbox fore-and-aft movement and via screw adjusters and elongated mounting holes. Even though Singer offered an integrated engine and gearbox in a single casing in 1911, it was not until the 1950s that technical advances meant it was possible to reliably construct engines with integral gearboxes in a single unit, known as unit construction.

Another variant is semi-unit construction, where the gearbox is bolted directly to the engine. Curiously, early BSA A10 and A7 parallel twins (650cc and 500 cc, respectively) were semi-unit construction, but the factory later adopted pre-unit construction.

The term "pre-unit" was coined only after such engines were succeeded by "unit construction" designs. The term pre-unit particularly applies to BSA/Triumph's single- and twin-cylinder bikes after this firm adopted unit construction in the early 1960s. (By contrast Norton and Royal Enfield never advanced beyond pre-unit construction). Even after adopting unit construction BSA/Triumph still kept separate oil systems for the engine and gearbox. It was the Japanese who introduced the practice of using the same oil in motorcycle engines and gearboxes. With the exception of the Issigonis Mini family of cars, the practice in the automobile industry has also been to keep engine and gearbox oil separate. Gearbox oil needs to cope with large shearing forces, while engine oil need to be capable of acting as a coolant, so the adoption of a single lubricant for engine and gearbox is always something of a compromise.

A pre-unit motorcycle would not normally be able to use the engine as part of the frame as a stressed member, since the engine/primary-chaincase/gearbox assembly would not be sufficiently rigid. The 1969 'Isolastic'-framed Norton Commando had its pre-unit engine, gearbox, and swingarm assembly bolted together on plates fixed to the frame via shimmed rubber bushes.

Among the Japanese manufacturers, Kawasaki produced a separate construction 650 cc vertical twin, inherited as a consequence of taking over Meguro in 1964. The Meguro K models were copies of the BSA A7 and BSA A10 design, but although external appearances were similar, no parts are interchangeable with the BSA forebears.

History
In the early days of motorcycles, particularly in Europe, several manufacturers (such as Rudge) were diversifying from making bicycles to motorcycles. These firms would build, say, the frame and fuel tank, but most of the other elements, such as engine, gearbox, brakes, electrics, controls and instruments were bought in from outside manufacturers such as JAP, Villiers and Lucas. This situation made pre-unit construction almost inevitable.

References

Motorcycle transmissions
Motorcycle engines
Kurt Thoroughman. Kurt A. Thoroughman (born 31 January 1972) is an Associate Professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at Washington University in St. Louis. He is known for his work in the study of motor control, motor learning, and computational neuroscience.

Thoroughman investigates how humans plan, control, and learn new movements. Understanding normal motor behavior and its neural basis will further the development of insightful clinical tests in movement neurology, and facilitate the early detection and treatment of motor diseases.

Thoroughman graduated with a PhD in Biomedical Engineering from Johns Hopkins University in 1999, completing a thesis in the Laboratory of Computational Motor Control, under the mentorship of Reza Shadmehr. After completion of his PhD, Thoroughman was a postdoctoral fellow with Eve Marder at Brandeis University.

Selected publications

References 
  - university biography

External links
 Laboratory of Neural Computation and Motor Behavior 
 Washington University Biomedical Engineering Website
 Biomedical engineer shows how people learn motor skills
 Researchers find new learning strategy: A size of a mistake makes no difference

1972 births
Living people
21st-century American engineers
Washington University in St. Louis faculty
Alfred Darling. Alfred Darling (1862–1931) was an engineer and a key member of the loose association of early film pioneers dubbed the Brighton School by French film historian Georges Sadoul.

Biography

Darling began to manufacture film equipment at his engineering works at 25 Ditchling Rise, Brighton after carrying out repairs for Esmé Collings. His clients included George Albert Smith and James Williamson. In 1897 he took out a patent, jointly with Alfred Wrench, for a camera with a variable shutter and a claw pull-down mechanism. In 1899, on a commission from Charles Urban, he produced the Biokam, a film-making system for amateurs using 17.5mm film. His 35mm film equipment was widely used during the early years of cinema development.

References

External links
 Alfred Darling at Who's Who of Victorian Cinema
 History of film industry in Brighton

People from Brighton
British cinema pioneers
1862 births
1931 deaths
Inspectorate General of Aviation. The Inspectorate-General of Army Aviation or  was a section of the Imperial Japanese Army Aeronautical Department charged with planning and supervision of the training of flying and air maintenance personnel of the Imperial Japanese Army Air Service.

It was under the control and supervision of the General Affairs Unit of Inspectorate of Army Aviation and Air Training and Instruction Department.

Composition
It was headed by an Inspector general who was responsible for the technical and tactical training of the Army Air service and of the other services related to the Air Service under the Ministry of War. It was composed of the following:

General Affairs (somobu) 
General Affairs (Administrative services) - personnel, finance, etc.
Section 1. Air General Training (related with Air Training and Instruction Department)
Section 2. Aircraft Research and Training Regulations (linked with Aircraft Research units and Tachikawa Air Arsenal)
Section 3. Special Air Schools (related with Air Training and Instruction Department)

Secondary Bureaus
Air Defense (AA units)
Airfield Engineering
Air Transport
Air Chemical Warfare unit
Air Intelligence and Communications

List of Inspector Generals of Aviation
1938-1940 Hideki Tōjō
1940-1941 Yorimichi Suzuki
1941-1943 Kenji Doihara
1943-1944 Takeo Yasuda
1944-1945 Korechika Anami

References

Imperial Japanese Army Air Service
Aviation
AecXML. aecXML (architecture, engineering and construction extensible markup language) is a specific XML markup language which uses Industry Foundation Classes to create a vendor-neutral means to access data generated by building information modeling, BIM.  It is being developed for use in the architecture, engineering, construction and facility management industries, in conjunction with BIM software, and is trademarked by the buildingSMART (the former International Alliance for Interoperability), a council of the National Institute of Building Sciences.

Specific subsets are being developed, namely:
Common Object Schema
Infrastructure
Structural
Facility management
Procurement
Project Management
Plant Operations
Building Environmental Performance

See also
Industry Foundation Classes
BuildingSMART
BIM Collaboration Format

External links
National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS) buildingSMART Alliance (bSa)
Model Support Group (MSG) of NIBS bSa Responsible for AEC Industry Foundation Class (IFC) Development since ~2006
Links Obsolete by July 2009 at the latest:
North American Chapter of the International Alliance for Interoperability
Proposed common objects - a PDF file

XML markup languages
Building information modeling
Waferboard. Waferboard belongs to the subset of reconstituted wood panel products called flakeboards. It is a structural material made from rectangular wood flakes of controlled length and thickness bonded together with waterproof phenolic resin under extreme heat and pressure. The layers of flakes are not oriented, which makes it easier to manufacture. Waferboard is used as a material to build cheap furniture. This type of furniture is usually laminated.

See also
Particleboard
Oriented strand board (OSB)
Haskelite, an early type of plywood

References

Engineered wood
Composite materials
Ntpdate. ntpdate is a computer program used to quickly synchronize and set computers' date and time by querying a Network Time Protocol (NTP) server.  It is available for a wide variety of unix-like operating systems.

The accuracy and reliability of ntpdate entirely depends on the accuracy and network link stability of the first server it connects with.  As this inaccuracy can lead to a multitude of problems, the maintainers have decided to deprecate it in favor of only using the ntpd (network time protocol daemon) or a  sntp (simple network time protocol) query.

See also
 timesyncd

References

External links
 NTP.org — Home page of the Network Time Protocol

Network time-related software
Trix (toyline). Trix model construction sets were originally produced in 1931 by a Nuremberg company, Andreas Förtner (Anfoe). The German patent for the basic Trix pieces had been granted the previous year, in 1930.

The origin of the name Trix is uncertain; it has been suggested (by Adrie Wind]) that it could have referred to the triple-hole configuration of the basic pieces.

A friendship between Stephan Bing, owner of Anfoe, and the English toy manufacturer W J Bassett-Lowke led to the founding of the London company Trix Ltd in 1932. In the United Kingdom, Trix sets challenged the British-invented Meccano model construction sets.

A feature was the Trix Unit System, in which sets were built from seven different units, which each contained a variety of different pieces.

(See Trix (company) for details of the model electric trains that the German company also began producing in 1935.)

References

External links 
 Trix construction sets website created by Adrie Wind; contains scans of most Trix manuals and brochures, mainly in Dutch, with some in German and some in English
 Eine kurze Geschichte des Trix-Metallbaukastens (tr. "A Short History of Trix Construction Sets") by Werner Sticht 

Construction toys
Educational toys
Model manufacturers of Germany
Moravec. Moravec may refer to:

Places in the Czech Republic
Moravec (Žďár nad Sázavou District), a municipality and village in the Vysočina Region
Moraveč, a municipality and village in the Vysočina Region
Moraveč, a village and part of Chotoviny in the South Bohemian Region
Moraveč, a village and part of Slapsko in the South Bohemian Region

People
Moravec (surname), people with the surname Moravec

Other
Moravec (robot), a class of robots in the novel Ilium
Moravec corner detection algorithm
Moravec's paradox

See also
Taylor Howard. H. Taylor Howard (April 5, 1932 – November 13, 2002) was an American scientist and radio engineer. Howard was a major player in the development of consumer satellite television in the US. In 1976, he demonstrated the possibility of receiving of TV signal from a communications satellite direct to the home of an ordinary householder, using a home-made satellite dish (actually a converted military surplus radar dish) and a self-designed and built analog satellite receiver. He co-founded San Jose, California-based Chaparral Communications. He was born in Peoria, Illinois.

Howard was a professor emeritus electrical engineering at Stanford University, and his career there spanned more than 50 years.

Howard, along with his stepson, died in 2002 when the plane that he was piloting crashed shortly after takeoff at Calaveras County Airport in California.

References

 Stanford University Memorial Resolution for H. Taylor Howard
 New York Times obituary for H. Taylor Howard

1932 births
2002 deaths
20th-century American engineers
Accidental deaths in California
Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents in the United States
People from Peoria, Illinois
Scientists from California
Scientists from Illinois
Stanford University faculty
Engineers from Illinois
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 2002
CA-12. The alphanumeric designation CA-12, CA 12 or CA12 may refer to:

CA12, the carbonic anhydrase 12 enzyme and the gene that encodes it
California's 12th congressional district
California State Route 12, a highway in California
CAC Boomerang, a WWII fighter aircraft manufactured by the Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation in Australia
Comp Air 12, a civil utility aircraft manufactured by Comp Air Inc. in the USA
USS North Carolina (ACR-12), an early 20th-century U.S. Navy armoured cruiser, later renamed USS Charlotte (CA-12)
Wainfan Facetmobile. The Wainfan FMX-4 Facetmobile is an American homebuilt aircraft designed by Barnaby Wainfan, a Northrop Grumman aerodynamicist and homebuilt aircraft engineer.

The FMX-4 Facetmobile prototype was built by Lynne Wainfan, Barnaby Wainfan, and Rick Dean in Chino, California. Designer Barnaby Wainfan flew the plane to the Experimental Aircraft Association's Oshkosh fly-in in July 1994. That debut along with media coverage has sparked interest in its unique design and gentle flying qualities. The aircraft is unusual in that it is a lifting body – the whole aircraft acts as a low aspect ratio wing: a flat, angular lifting shape, unlike traditional aircraft which use distinct lift-generating wings attached to a non-lifting fuselage. Also notably the aircraft's shape is formed of a series of 11 flat surfaces, somewhat similar to the body of the F-117 Nighthawk jet strike aircraft in using flat plates, but without separate wing structures. Although aerodynamic efficiency is reduced due to the simplistic shaping, that shaping reduces structural weight, improving payload mass fraction.

Design and development

Shape
The FMX-4 Facetmobile shape forms 11 flat planes, plus two wingtip rudders.  Three flat shapes form the bottom of the aircraft (slightly inclined front, flat middle, and sharply raised back), and eight form the top (one large downwards-sloping rear section, one thin nose section, and three inclined side panels per side).  The wing section is an 18% thickness ratio, much thicker than the typical 12-15% thickness of normal light aircraft wings. At least one commercial model airplane kit of the Facetmobile is in production.

The prototype FMX-4 Facetmobile crashed on October 13, 1994, after an in-flight engine failure.  The aircraft landed at low speed into a barbed wire fence, which caused extensive skin, engine, and some structural damage, though there was no injury to the pilot, Barnaby Wainfan. As of 2006, the aircraft has been partially repaired but not flown again.

Structure
The Facetmobile structure is composed of 6061 aluminum tubing fastened with Cherrymax rivets. The fuselage uses conventional fabric covering. The aircraft uses elevons and rudders for control. The landing gear is a fixed tricycle type. The large windshield sections are augmented by two floor-mounted windows. The aircraft is boarded through a bottom-mounted hatch. The aircraft has a BRS parachute system installed.

Variants
Wainfan has proposed two derivative aircraft based on the FMX-4 Facetmobile.
 FMX-5 Facetmobile, a larger 2-seat design using the same aluminum-tube-and-fabric construction.
 An unnamed similar 2-seat design using advanced flat composite panel construction.

Specifications (Facetmobile FMX-4)

See also
Lifting body

References

External links

 Barnaby Wainfan's website, accessed October 17, 2022.
 Quarter scale Facetmobile Youtube clip of a radio-controlled model.

1990s United States civil utility aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Lifting bodies
Aircraft first flown in 1993
Single-engined tractor aircraft