omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Peshawar Electric Supply Company. Peshawar Electric Supply Company (PESCO).     (Urdu: مشارکتِ فراہمِ برقی پشاور ), is a state-owned public utility under the administrative control of the Government of Pakistan, formerly a part of the Water & Power Development Authority's Power Wing and headquartered in Peshawar. PESCO is responsible for the distribution of electricity to over 4.4 million consumers of all civil districts of Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

History 
Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) was created in 1958 through WAPDA Act, 1958. Prior to this, the electricity supply service in Pakistan was undertaken by different agencies, both in public and private sectors, in different areas. The local areas electricity distribution service was being performed by various Regions of WAPDA. Then the Area Electricity Board (AEB) Peshawar, on the eight AEBs in Pakistan, was established under the scheme of Area Electricity Boards in 1982, in order to provide more autonomy and representation to provincial government, elected representatives, industrialists, agriculturalists, and other interest groups in functions of the AEBs. Peshawar Area Electricity Board was reorganized into one such corporatized entity under the name of Peshawar Electric Supply Company (PESCO) with effect from 22 March 1998, after the disbundling of the Water And Power Development Authority.

Directorates 
Each Directorate is headed by an officer of BPS 20 cadre usually a Chief Engineer or Director General.

Admin & Services

Audit Division

Commercial Department

Finance Department

Grid-station Operation

Human Resources

Information Technology (IT) Directorate

Legal & Labour

MIS Directorate

Material Management

Operations Division

Planning & Engineering Division

Project Management Unit

Project Construction

Directorate Of Public Relations

Technical Directorate

Jurisdictions
The jurisdiction of PESCO extends to the whole of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province except for the tribal areas and is divided into (09) circles namely:

 Bannu circle.
 DI Khan circle.
 Khyber circle.
 Mardan circle.
 Peshawar circle.
 Swabi circle.
 Swat circle.
 Hazara-1 circle.
 Hazara-2 circle.

See also

 List of electric supply companies in Pakistan
 Water & Power Development Authority
 Ministry of Energy (Power Division)
 Government of Pakistan

References

Distribution companies of Pakistan
Economy of Peshawar
Energy companies established in 1998
Vortex (video game). Vortex is a 3D shooter game developed by Argonaut Software and released by Electro Brain for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System in September 1994. Titled Citadel during development, it is one of a few games designed to use the enhanced graphics of the Super FX powered GSU-1.

Gameplay

The player pilots an experimental mech called the Morphing Battle System against the five worlds of the Aki-Do Forces. The player enters the Vortex, to save the Deoberon system, retrieving the core from the fierce forces, the Aki-Do. The MBS can transform between four different modes: The Walker, Sonic Jet, Land Burner, and Hard Shell.

Development and release 
The overall concept of Vortex fueled unconfirmed speculation that the project may have been derived from an unreleased game based on Transformers, but in a 2015 interview with Retro Gamer, programmer Michael Wong-Powell confirmed that Vortex and Transformers were entirely separate projects, with the latter being cancelled during development.

In March 1994, Argonaut Software was signed as a third-party developer by Atari Corporation to develop games for the Atari Jaguar platform. A port of Vortex for the Jaguar was announced at Spring ECTS '94, but it ultimately was never released.

Reception 

Vortex was criticized for its difficulty and its lag, which was common for Super FX games of its type. Electronic Gaming Monthlys five reviewers remarked that the pace is slow, but complimented the unique concept and high challenge. GameFans three reviewers scored it 79%, 72%, and 70%.

References

External links
 
 Vortex at GameSpot
 Vortex at 1up.com

1994 video games
Argonaut Games games
Cancelled Atari Jaguar games
Electro Brain games
Pack-In-Video games
Super Nintendo Entertainment System games
Super Nintendo Entertainment System-only games
Super FX games
Video games adapted into comics
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Single-player video games
Emmerich Rhine Bridge. The Emmerich Rhine Bridge () is a suspension bridge located in Emmerich am Rhein, Germany. Completed in 1965, it has a main span of , crossing the Rhine, carrying the Bundesstraße B 220, the federal highway between Emmerich am Rhein and Kleve. It is the longest suspension bridge in Germany.

Planning and construction 
It was built from 1962 to 1965, after the design of Heinrich Bartmann and the planning of German civil engineer . The bridge was opened for traffic in 1965. Pedestrian walkways and cycle paths run along both sides of the bridge, separated from the vehicular lanes. The two pylons are  high.

Gallery

References 
 Klingenberg, Wilhelm (1962). Neubau einer Hängebrücke über den Rhein. Der Bauingenieur 37
 Beyer, Erwin; Thul, Heribert (1967). Hochstraßen. Beton-Verlag, (2nd ed.)

Further reading 
 Renault, Philippe; Butenweg, Christoph; Meskouris, Konstantin (2005). Beurteilung der Erdbebensicherheit von bestehenden Brückenbauwerken am Beispiel der Rheinbrücke Emmerich. In: Beton- und Stahlbetonbau. Vol. 100, No. 7, July 2005, , p. 574–581

See also 
 List of bridges in Germany

External links 

 

Suspension bridges in Germany
Bridges over the Rhine
Bridges completed in 1965
Buildings and structures in Kleve (district)
Bridges in North Rhine-Westphalia
Take-grant protection model. The take-grant protection model is a formal model used in the field of computer security to establish or disprove the safety of a given computer system that follows specific rules. It shows that even though the question of safety is in general undecidable, for specific systems it is decidable in linear time.

The model represents a system as directed graph, where vertices are either subjects or objects. The edges between them are labeled, and the label indicates  the rights that the source of the edge has over the destination. Two rights occur in every instance of the model: take and grant. They play a special role in the graph rewriting rules describing admissible changes of the graph.

There are a total of four such rules:
 take rule allows a subject to take rights of another object (add an edge originating at the subject)
 grant rule allows a subject to grant own rights to another object (add an edge terminating at the subject)
 create rule allows a subject to create new objects (add a vertex and an edge from the subject to the new vertex)
 remove rule allows a subject to remove rights it has over on another object (remove an edge originating at the subject)

Preconditions for :
 subject s has the right Take for o.
 object o has the right r on p.

Preconditions for :
 subject s has the right Grant for o.
 s has the right r on p.

Using the rules of the take-grant protection model, one can reproduce in which states a system can change, with respect to the distribution of rights. Therefore, one can show if rights can leak with respect to a given safety model.

References

External links 
 Diagram and sample problem
 Analysis
 Technical Report PCS-TR90-151 (NASA)

Computer security models
Al Hamra Tower. The Al Hamra Tower is a skyscraper in Kuwait City, Kuwait. It is the tallest building in Kuwait. Construction of the skyscraper started in 2005. It was completed in 2011. Designed by architectural firms Skidmore, Owings & Merrill and Ramshir and Callison, it is the tallest curved concrete skyscraper in the world, and the thirty-sixth tallest building in the world at .

Profile

The building utilizes wrapped glass on the east, north, and west both for aesthetics and to reduce the amount of reflective surface area on the south facade, which also features brushed Jura limestone. Flared walls reaching from the southwest and southeast corners of the core span the entire height of the tower, and there is a column-free 24-meter-tall lobby.

The Tower also Includes a restaurant called Francesca's or known as At The Top by the restaurant themselves.

The landscape was designed by Francis Landscapes.

The tower was included in the list of the best inventions of 2011 by Time magazine.

Awards
2011: Emporis Skyscraper Award
2010: Cityscape • Commercial / Mixed Use Built 
2008: Chicago Athenaeum - American Architecture Award
2008: Chicago Athenaeum - International Architecture Award for best new global design
2008: MIPIM/Architectural Review - MIPIM Future Project Award: Overall
2008: MIPIM/Architectural Review - MIPIM Future Project Award: Tall Buildings
2007: Miami Architectural Bienal - Bronze Unbuilt Project

See also
 List of tallest buildings in Kuwait
 Cayan Tower

References

External links 
 
 
 
 
 

2011 establishments in Kuwait
Skyscrapers in Kuwait
Buildings and structures in Kuwait City
Office buildings completed in 2011
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill buildings
Skyscraper office buildings
Rockwell Green. Rockwell Green is a village near Wellington, in the Somerset West and Taunton district of Somerset, England. It lies just east of the Somerset-Devon border and is overlooked by the Blackdown Hills.

The Wellington Monument is visible from almost anywhere in the village. The monument is on the verge of collapsing but is to be substantially rebuilt at the cost of up to £4 million by the National Trust.

Rockwell Green has a railway bridge, under which a steam train, the City of Truro, was first recorded travelling at over 100 mph (160 km/h) in 1904.  Although this has been the subject of much debate since then, recent research supports the claim. There have been numerous requests for a plaque or monument to be placed at the Beam Bridge hotel or Westford rail bridge: however very little has come of this so far.

Two large water towers, both disused, bring a small number of visitors to the village. The older  (redbrick) tower was built in the late 19th century and includes a circular steel tank. It has been designated by English Heritage as a Grade II listed building. The more recent concrete tower was built in the 1930s.

A number of houses in the original village are council-owned. In 1991 the population was estimated at 1,618. Since then more houses have been built and the population estimate from the 2001 census was 2,246. The population estimate in 2016 was 2,945.

The village has a butcher's shop, one pub, a fish and chip shop, a post office, a general store, a church, a beauty salon/hairdressers, a primary school and pre-school, a village hall, and a post office; before moving to Exeter Road the post office was on the east side of Rockwell Green, in a 19th-century building that has been demolished.

References

Villages in Taunton Deane
Wellington, Somerset
Robo Pit. is a 1996 fighting game for PlayStation and Sega Saturn by Japanese video game company Altron. It is a 3D arena fighter involving robots whereby players build a robot and compete against other robots to the top. It was originally released on January 13, 1996 and was published internationally by Kokopeli Digital Studios.

Gameplay 

The object of Robo Pit is to build a robot and then fight to the top in arenas that are square in shape. There are many different types of arenas, some with bosses, and the time of day can vary.

There are various types of weapons which include axe, lips, sword, missile and claws. The robots different body parts have different stats that affect its performance. Although all body parts are available from the start, the only way to unlock more weapons is to fight more robot enemies.

Reception

Robo Pit received mixed reviews. Critics generally reviled the one-player mode as mind-numbingly long and easy, but were much more pleased with the two-player mode, though some criticized the lack of support for the PlayStation Link Cable. They particularly praised the ability to create one's own robot and save it to memory card, the winner's claiming of one of their opponent's arms as a prize, and the generally fun quality of the gameplay. Most found the graphics generally lacking in detail, but liked the cute and varied robot designs. The controls were also praised as being accurate and easy to learn.

Reviews for the Saturn port made similar comments, though this time they tended to criticize rather than complement the cuteness of the robots. A review in Next Generation said the Saturn and PlayStation versions are "nearly identical".

Sequel 
A sequel, Robo Pit 2, was released in Japan on PlayStation in 1997, and later in Europe and North America in 2003.

References

External links

1996 video games
3D fighting games
Altron games
Fighting games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
PlayStation (console) games
Sega Saturn games
Video games about robots
Video games developed in Japan
Programming and Metaprogramming in the Human Biocomputer. Programming and Metaprogramming in the Human Biocomputer: Theory and Experiments is a 1968 book by John C. Lilly. In the book, "the doctor imagines the brain as a piece of computer technology." More specifically, he uses "the analogy of brain being the hardware, the mind being the software and consciousness being beyond both."

Summary 
The term human biocomputer, coined by Lilly, refers to the "hardware" of the human anatomy. This would include the brain, internal organs, and other human organ systems such as cardiovascular, digestive, endocrine, immune, integumentary, lymphatic, muscular, nervous, reproductive, respiratory, skeletal, and urinary systems. The biocomputer has stored program properties, and self-metaprogramming properties, with limits determinable and to be determined.

Definitions 
The following definitions are used in the book:

Mind, which is defined as the sum total of all the programs and metaprograms (and even supraself metaprograms) of a human biocomputer. This is the software and is looked at as the opposite of the hardware.
Brain, which is defined as the visible, palpable living set of structures to be included in the human biocomputer.
Stored program, which is defined as a set of instructions which are placed in memory storage of the biocomputer, and which control the biocomputer when orders are given for that program to be activated. These programs can be activated by the same biocomputer, another biocomputer, or a situation outside of the biocomputer.
Metaprogramming, which is defined as a set of instructions, descriptions, and implementations of related thoughts and actions (programs).  Self-metaprogramming involves the creation, revision, and reorganization of programs and metaprograms.

Organization
The functional organization of the human biocomputer described in the book is:

The levels of the human biocomputer are explained thus:
Levels from one to two are the boundaries between external reality and the body. Certain energies and materials (heat, light, sound, food, and secretions) pass through this boundary in special places. Levels two to three are the boundaries of body and brain, in which special structures such as blood vessels, nerve fibers, and cerebrospinal fluid pass. Levels four through eleven are in the brain circuitry, and is the software inside the biocomputer. Levels after ten are termed unknown. This is to allow an openness for future scientific research, and discoveries. This is also to illustrate the unwillingness to subscribe to any dogmatic belief, to encourage creative, courageous and imaginative investigation, to emphasize the necessity for unknown factors on all levels, and to point out the heuristic nature of this schema.

Reception

Editions

See also

References

Citations

Works cited

Further reading
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

1968 non-fiction books
American non-fiction books
Books about consciousness
Philosophy of mind literature
Don Woods (programmer). Donald R. Woods (born April 30, 1954) is an American hacker and computer programmer. He is best known for his role in the development of the Colossal Cave Adventure game.

Biography

Early programming career
Woods teamed with James M. Lyon while both were attending Princeton in 1972 to produce the unprecedented, excursive INTERCAL programming language. Later, he worked at the Stanford AI lab (SAIL), where among other things he became the SAIL contact for, and a contributor to, the Jargon File.  He also co-authored "The Hacker's Dictionary" with Mark Crispin, Raphael Finkel, and Guy L. Steele Jr.

Work on Adventure
Woods discovered the Colossal Cave Adventure game by accident on a SAIL computer in 1976.  After contacting the original author by the (now antiquated) means of sending an e-mail to crowther@sitename, where sitename was every host listed on ARPANET, he heard back from William Crowther shortly afterward.

Given the go-ahead, Woods proceeded to add enhancements to the Adventure game, and then distributed it on the Internet.  It became very popular, especially with users of the PDP-10. Woods stocked the Kentucky cave that Crowther had written with new magical items, creatures, and geographical features. Crowther's game, which originally featured few supernatural elements, was transformed into a loose fantasy world featuring elements from role playing games. Woods can thus, in a sense, be considered one of the progenitors of the entire genre of computer adventure games and interactive fiction.

By 1977 tapes of the game were common on the Digital user group DECUS, and others (see The Soul of a New Machine by Tracy Kidder for a human history of this period).

References

Further reading
Don Woods' web page
Interview with Woods regarding Adventure
Computerworld Interview with Don Woods on INTERCAL

American video game programmers
Interactive fiction writers
Princeton University alumni
Living people
1954 births
Google employees
Game Developers Conference Pioneer Award recipients
F14 (disambiguation). The Grumman F-14 Tomcat is an American jet fighter aircraft.

F14, F.XIV, F.14 or F-14 may also refer to:

 Curtiss XF14C, a 1941 American naval fighter aircraft
 Fokker F.XIV, a 1920s Dutch cargo plane
 Fokker F-14, a 1929 American transport aircraft 
 Ferrari F14 T, a Formula One racing car
 Farmall F-14, a model of Farmall tractor
 Fluorine-14 (F-14 or 14F), an isotope of fluorine
 F14, a former Swedish Air Force Base, now Halmstad Airport
Electrodipping force. The electrodipping force is a force proposed to explain the observed attraction that arises among small colloidal particles attached to an interface between immiscible liquids.  The particles are held there by surface tension.  Normally the surface tension does not in itself give rise to an attraction or repulsion among particles on a meniscus.  A capillary interaction requires that the particles are pushed or pulled away from the meniscus, for instance because of their weight, if the particles are large and heavy enough.

It has been proposed by Nikolaides et al. that the observed attractions are the result of an electrostatic pressure on the liquid interface, due to electric charges on the particles.  The electrostatic pressure arises because the dielectric constants of the liquids differ.  Due to the pressure, the liquid interface deforms.  This pressure is balanced by a simultaneous electrostatic force acting on the charges, and hence on the particle itself.  The force has been coined the electrodipping force by Kralchevsky et al. - it dips the particle in one of the liquids.

According to Nikolaides, the electrostatic force engenders a long range capillary attraction.  However, this explanation is controversial;  other authors have argued that the capillary effect of the electrodipping force is in fact cancelled by the electrostatic pressure on the interface, so the resulting capillary effect would be insignificant.

References
 M. G. Nikolaides, A. R. Bausch, M. F. Hsu, A. D. Dinsmore, M. P. Brenner, C. Gay, D. A. Weitz, Electric-field-induced capillary attraction between like-charged particles at liquid interfaces, Nature 420, 299 (2002), Physik
 K. D. Danov, P. A. Kralchevsky, M. P. Boneva, Langmuir 20, 6139 (2004)  
 M. Megens, J. Aizenberg, Nature 242, 1014 (2003), see  
 L. Foret, A. Wuerger, Physical Review Letters 92 58302 (2004), 

Fluid mechanics
Spelter. Spelter is a zinc–lead alloy that ages to resemble bronze, but is softer and has a lower melting point. The name can also refer to a copper–zinc alloy (a brass) used for brazing, or to pure zinc.

Etymology 

In his etymology of the English language, 19th-century philologist Walter William Skeat speculated that the word pewter might have been derived from spelter.

Zinc–lead spelter 
An inexpensive alloy that is easily cast and worked, spelter was used from the 1860s in the manufacture of candlesticks, clock cases, tableware, and light fixtures. In the early 20th century, sculptors such as Jacques Limousin used spelter heavily in their manufacture of Art Nouveau and Art Deco figurines and other ornaments. 

Spelter is relatively soft and brittle. It can be distinguished from bronze by scratching its patina: untarnished spelter is white, while bronze is yellow.

The speltering process
Brass was made using a cementation process but this was replaced by speltering, the direct alloying of copper and zinc metal which was introduced to Europe in the 16th century.

Other uses 
Brasses containing zinc may be termed spelter, as may zinc ingots formed by smelting.

See also

References

External links 
 
 German Art Deco Spelter Lamp

Zinc
Zinc alloys
Lead alloys
Brass
Flight controller (disambiguation). Flight controller may refer to:

Ground-based staff and positions 
 Air traffic controller, a person trained to expedite and maintain a safe and orderly flow of air traffic
 Flight controller, a person who aids in the operations of a space flight

On-board systems 
 A civil-airliner flight controller, or autopilot
 An UAV flight controller, a combination of hardware and software that helps control the UAV flight

See also
 Aircraft flight control systems, which cover main flight controls
 Comparison table including UAV flight controllers 
 Flight director (disambiguation)
 Joystick, used to control a (real or simulated) aircraft
Starfire Optical Range. Starfire Optical Range (SOR - Pronounced as an initialism) is a United States Air Force research laboratory on the Kirtland Air Force Base in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Its primary duty, according to the official website, is to "develop and demonstrate optical wavefront control technologies." The range is a secure lab facility and is a division of the Directed Energy Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory.

SOR's optical equipment includes a 3.5 meter telescope which is "one of the largest telescopes in the world equipped with adaptive optics designed for satellite tracking" according to the Air Force, a 1.5 meter telescope, and a 1-meter beam director.

Purpose
The purpose of Starfire is to conduct research to use adaptive optics to remove the effects of scintillation (atmospheric turbulence).  Turbulence interferes with laser beam integrity over distances.  Lasers are being used for long-distance high-bandwidth communications and accuracy in air-to-air laser connectivity is important for data integrity.

Scintillation is also a problem in development of weaponized lasers, such as the airborne laser being developed to intercept intercontinental ballistic missiles.

According to an article published on May 3, 2006, in The New York Times, research is being conducted at the laboratory into how to use ground-based lasers to disable satellites; that is, as an anti-satellite weapon.

See also

 North Oscura Peak
List of the largest optical telescopes in the contiguous United States

References

External links
Official SOR website
Starfire Optical Observatory page at globalsecurity.org

Buildings and structures in Bernalillo County, New Mexico
Space weapons
Research installations of the United States Air Force
Observatories
Air Force Research Laboratory projects