omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Ministry of Textiles. The Ministry of Textiles is an Indian government national agency responsible for the formulation of policy, planning, development, export promotion and regulation of the textile industry in India. This includes all natural, artificial, and cellulosic fibers that go into the making of textiles, clothing and Handicrafts.

Main functions of the Ministry 
Textile Policy & Coordination  
Man-made Fibre/ Filament Yarn Industry  
Cotton Textile Industry  
Jute Industry  
Silk and Silk Textile Industry  
Wool & Woollen Industry  
Decentralised Powerloom Sector  
Export Promotion  
Planning & Economic Analysis

Organizations

Attached Offices 
 Office of the Development Commissioner for Hand-looms
 Office of the Development Commissioner for Handicrafts

Subordinate Offices 
 Office of the Textile Commissioner
 Office of the Jute Commissioner

Central Public Sector Undertakings (CPSUs)
National Textile Corporation Ltd. (NTC)
British India Corporation Ltd. (BIC)
Cotton Corporation Of India Ltd. (CCI)
Jute Corporation of India  (JCI) 
 National Jute Manufactures Corporation Limited (NJMC) 
Central Cottage Industries Corporation (CCIC)
National Handloom Development Corporation Ltd. (NHDC)

Statutory Bodies
Jute Manufacturers Development Council
Central Silk Board
Textile Committee
 Commissioner of Payments
 National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT)

Advisory Bodies 
 Development Council for Textile Industry 
 Co-ordination Council for Textile Research Associations   
 Co-ordination Committee of Textiles Export Promotion Council

Autonomous Bodies 
Central Wool Development Board
National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT)
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International School of Textiles & Management, Coimbatore
 Indian Institutes of Handloom Technology

Cabinet Ministers
Note: MoS, I/C  Minister of State (Independent Charge)

Ministers of State

National Handlooms & Handicrafts Museum 

National Handicrafts and Handlooms Museum, New Delhi was set up at Pragati Maidan, New Delhi under the administrative control of the Ministry of Textiles. The Museum is a structured village complex consisting of 15 structures representing village dwellings, courtyards and shrines from different states spread over an area of 5 hectares. The museum collection contains about 20,000 most rare and distinctive pieces reflecting the continuing tradition of Indian craftsmen.

References

External links
 Ministry of Textiles – Official website

 
T
Textile industry of India
High Performance Wireless Research and Education Network. The High Performance Wireless Research and Education Network (HPWREN) is a network research program, funded by the National Science Foundation. The program includes the creation, demonstration, and evaluation of a non-commercial, prototype, high-performance, wide-area, wireless network in its Southern California service area.

The HPWREN program is a collaborative, interdisciplinary and multi-institutional cyber-infrastructure for research and education purposes. The program also provides data, and data transmission capabilities, to emergency first responders in its service area.

Network
The program includes the creation, demonstration, and evaluation of a non-commercial, prototype, high-performance, wide-area, wireless network in its service area. Currently, the HPWREN network is used for network analysis research, and it also provides high-speed Internet access to field researchers.

Service area
Southern California, specifically San Diego, Riverside, and Imperial counties.

Backbone nodes
The network includes backbone nodes located at the University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego) and San Diego State University (SDSU) campuses, as well as a number of “hard-to-reach” areas in remote environments.

Operations
The HPWREN backbone itself operates primarily in the licensed spectrum and project researchers use off-the-shelf technology to create a redundant topology. Access links often utilize license-exempt radios.

In 2002, HPWREN researchers conducted an expedition to locate the SEALAB II/III habitat located off Scripps Pier in La Jolla, California. From the MV Kellie Chouest and utilizing a Scorpio ROV to find the site, researchers were able to conduct a live multicast from ship to shore.

Topology
The network spans from the Southern California coast to the inland valleys, on to the high mountains (reaching more than 8700 feet), and out to the remote desert. The network's longest link is 72 miles in distance – reaching from the San Diego Supercomputer Center to San Clemente Island.

See also 
 Mount Laguna Observatory

References

External links
 UCSD HPWREN page
 Wireless Sensor Networks for Ecology A video about high performance wireless research education networks

Wireless networking
University of California, San Diego
San Diego State University
Research organizations in the United States
Solid State Communications. Solid State Communications is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of solid-state physics. The journal specializes in short papers on significant developments in the condensed matter science. The journal was established 1963, when the Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids split its letters section to create this journal. Elias Burstein served as founding chief editor until 1992, and was succeeded by Manuel Cardona until 2004, when Aron Pinczuk assumed the role. Pinczuk stepped down in 2020.

The journal is published bimonthly by Elsevier and its current editor-in-chief is François Peeters (University of Antwerp).

Abstracting and Indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexing in the following databases:
Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
Chemical Abstracts
Current Contents/Physics, Chemical, & Earth Sciences
Current Contents/SciSearch Database
Current Contents/Social & Behavioral Sciences
MSCI
Engineering Index
INSPEC
PASCAL/CNRS
Research Alert
SSSA/CISA/ECA/ISMEC
Scopus

External links

Bimonthly journals
English-language journals
Hybrid open access journals
Physics journals
Academic journals established in 1963
GWR 2021 Class. The GWR 2021 Class was a class of 140  steam locomotives.  They were built at the Wolverhampton railway works of the Great Western Railway between 1897 and 1905. 1897 was the very year of George Armstrong's retirement, so it is uncertain if the design should be attributed to him or to his superior at Swindon, William Dean.

In fact the 2021s were simple enlargements of the Armstrong-designed 850 class of 1874.  The changes were fundamentally confined to a longer wheelbase to permit fitting of a larger firebox.

History
The class was built in eight batches:
 2021-2030 (Lot D3, 1897)
 2031-2040 (Lot F3, 1897–8)
 2041-2060 (Lot G3, 1898–9)
 2061-2080 (Lot H3, 1899–1900)
 2081-2100 (Lot J3, 1900–01)
 2101-2120 (Lot K3, 1902–3)
 2121-2140 (Lot L3, 1903–4)
 2141-2160 (Lot M3, 1904–5)

Rebuilding with Belpaire fireboxes commenced in the early years of the Churchward era.  Unsuccessful attempts to form a saddle tank around the firebox directly led to the switch to pannier tanks. The first pannier tank conversions occurred in 1912, and rebuilding of the majority of the class took place over many years – the last conversion was in 1948, and some were still saddle tanks when withdrawn. In their final form, with or without fully enclosed cabs, 110 of them survived into British Railways ownership, the last of them being retired in 1959. They were superseded by the short-lived GWR 1600 Class, nominally a Hawksworth design, but in reality a straightforward update of the then 75-year-old design, with new boiler, bigger cab and bunker.

Coachwork
When autotrains were introduced on the GWR, a trial was made of enclosing the engine in coachwork to resemble the coaches. Nos 2120 and 2140 of this class were so equipped in 1906, as were two 517 class 0-4-2Ts. The experiment was unpopular with engine crews, and the bodywork removed in 1911.

See also
 GWR 0-6-0PT – list of classes of GWR 0-6-0 pannier tank, including table of preserved locomotives

References

Sources
 Ian Allan ABC of British Railways Locomotives, 1948 edition, part 1, pp 16,51
 
 

2021
0-6-0ST locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1897
Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain
Scrapped locomotives
Albatros L 59. 

The Albatros L 59 was a single-seat German utility aircraft of the 1920s. It was a single-engine low-wing cantilever monoplane with large, spatted wide track undercarriage attached, unusually for the time not to the fuselage but to the wing roots. The whole aircraft was covered in 3-ply.

The L.59 was flying by September 1923.

Variants

L.59 Single seat,  Siemens-Halske Sh.4 5-cylinder radial. One built.
L.60 Two seats,  Siemens-Halske Sh 5 7-cylinder radial.  Identical dimensions, slightly heavier empty and faster both level and climbing. Three built.

Specifications (L 59)
Data from Flight 13 September 1923, pp. 581–2

References

 

Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
1920s German sport aircraft
L 059
Aircraft first flown in 1923
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
Siemens-Halske Sh 4. The Siemens-Halske Sh 4 was a five-cylinder, air-cooled, radial engine for aircraft built in Germany in the 1920s. First run in 1921, it was rated at 40 kW (55 hp).

Applications
 Albatros L 59
 Albatros L 71
 Caspar U.1
 Dietrich-Gobiet DP.VIIA
 Dornier Libelle
 Działowski D.K.D.4bis
 Junkers K 16
 Udet U 3
 Udet U 6
 Focke-Wulf S 24
 Dietrich DP.II (one aircraft only)

See also

References
bungartz.nl
Repülőmúzeum Szolnok

Aircraft air-cooled radial piston engines
Siemens-Halske aircraft engines
1920s aircraft piston engines
Albatros L 60. 

The Albatros L 60 was a two-seat German utility aircraft of the 1920s developed from the Albatros L 59. It was a single-engine low-wing cantilever monoplane with large, spatted undercarriage.

Specifications (L 60)

See also

References
 
 German Aircraft between 1919–1945 

L 060
Single-engined tractor aircraft
1920s German civil utility aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1923
Siemens-Halske Sh 5. The Siemens-Halske Sh 5 was a seven-cylinder, air-cooled, radial engine for aircraft built in Germany in the 1920s. First run in 1921, it was rated at 60 kW (80 hp).

Applications
 Albatros L 60
 Dietrich DP.IIa
 Grulich S.1
 Junkers K 16
 Udet U 5

Specifications

See also

References

 bungartz.nl

Aircraft air-cooled radial piston engines
Siemens-Halske aircraft engines
1920s aircraft piston engines
Albatros L 68. 

The Albatros L 68 Alauda was a two-seat German trainer aircraft of the 1920s. It was a single-engine biplane of conventional configuration that seated the pilot and instructor in tandem, open cockpits. The wings were of unequal span and had a pronounced stagger.

Variants
 L 68 - original production version with Siemens-Halske Sh 11 engine (3 built)
 L 68a - longer wingspan and Sh 12 engine (3 built)
 L 68c - main production version based on L 68a (10 built)
 L 68d - Siemens-Halske Sh.III engine (1 built)
 L 68e - Armstrong Siddeley Lynx engine (1 built)

Specifications (L 68c)

See also

References

 
 German Aircraft between 1919–1945

Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
1920s German civil trainer aircraft
L 068
Eiffage. Eiffage S.A. () is a French civil engineering construction company.   it was the third largest company of its type in France, and the fifth largest in Europe.

History
The company was formed in 1992 through the merger of several long standing companies, namely: Fougerolle (founded 1844), Quillery (founded 1863), Beugnet (founded 1871), and La Société Auxiliaire d'Entreprises Électriques et de Travaux Public, better known as SAE (founded in 1924).

The company often teamed up with other businesses for various purposes. During 2009, the British company Carillion teamed up with Eiffage to jointly pursue work in the nuclear sector. Six years later, Eiffage joined with Carillion and Kier Group to pursue work on the UK's High Speed 2 project. In 2016, the firm and the Australian firm Macquarie Group purchased a 46.1 percent stake in the French A41 autoroute concession ADELAC for €130m. Eiffage and the Italian oil services company Saipem were jointly awarded work valued at €350 million by BP on the Greater Tortue Ahmeyim Field.

Eiffage has acquired other businesses on numerous occasions. In 2013, it acquired five companies of the bankrupt Smulders Group. One year later, it bought a 70 percent stake in the Canadian business Innovative Civil Constructors Inc. In 2018, Eiffage bought the Swiss construction company Priora. During the early 2020s, it acquired several Dutch companies, including Harwig, Eltra, and Ven den Pol Elektrotechniek. During early 2024, it purchased the German business EQOS Energie.

The company has routinely pursued substantial opportunities in the green energy sector, including the construction of hydroelectric dams, wind and solar farms. Furthermore, acquisitions made by the company have expanded its presence in this sector. Eiffage has also been involved in several sustainable construction developments, such as the building of the largest timber tower in France.

Throughout the early 21st century, the company has progressively increased its stake in Getlink, the owner-operator of the Channel Tunnel. In October 2022, it was announced that Eiffage has become the largest shareholder of GetLink by increasing its stake in the firm to 20.76 percent.

Major projects
 Channel Tunnel, completed in 1994 
 Copenhagen Metro, completed in 2002 
 Millau Viaduct, completed in 2004 
 TGV Perpignan-Figueres high-speed railway line, completed in 2009
 Stade Pierre-Mauroy, completed in 2012
 Cestas Solar Park, completed in 2015
 Conversion of Hôtel-Dieu de Lyon, completed in 2018

Eiffage is also involved in HS2 lots C2 and C3, working as part of a joint venture, due to complete in 2031. The company is also involved in another joint venture to build Rail Baltica, a continuous rail link from Tallinn (Estonia) to Warsaw (Poland). Other underway rail projects include Paris Métro Line 15, and the Mont d'Ambin Base Tunnel.

References

External links

Eiffage.com — official website 

Construction and civil engineering companies of France
Companies based in Île-de-France
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1992
1992 establishments in France
French companies established in 1992
Companies listed on Euronext Paris
Siemens-Halske Sh 12. The Siemens-Halske Sh 12 was a nine-cylinder, air-cooled, radial engine for aircraft built in Germany in the 1920s. First run in 1925, it was rated at 80 kW (110 hp). The Sh 12 was also produced in the United States by Ryan Aeronautical Corp. as the Ryan-Siemens 9.

Applications
 Albatros L 68
 Albatros L 79
 Arado S I
 Arado W 2
 BFW M.21
 BFW M.27
 Bücker Bü 133 Jungmeister
 Command-Aire 3C3-B
 Lampich BL-6
 Raab-Katzenstein KL.1
 Udet U 8
 Udet U 11 Kondor
 Udet U 12 Flamingo
 VL Sääski
 Weiss-EM-10 Ölyv
 Lóczy Hungária

References
 bungartz.nl

Aircraft air-cooled radial piston engines
Siemens-Halske aircraft engines
1920s aircraft piston engines
Siemens-Halske Sh 11. The Siemens-Halske Sh 11 was a seven-cylinder, air-cooled, radial engine for aircraft built in Germany in the 1920s. First run in 1925, it was rated at 75 kW (100 hp).

Applications
 Albatros L 68
 Bach 3-CT-2 Air Yacht
 Bach 3-CT-3 Air Yacht
 Bach 3-CT-4 Air Yacht
 BFW M.26
 LFG V 40
 Messerschmitt M 21
 Messerschmitt M 26
 Raab-Katzenstein Kl. 1 Schwalbe
 Udet U 12

References
 bungartz.nl

Aircraft air-cooled radial piston engines
Siemens-Halske aircraft engines
1920s aircraft piston engines
Tartronic acid. Tartronic acid or 2-hydroxymalonic acid is an organic compound with the structural formula of HOHC(CO2H)2. This dicarboxylic acid is related to malonic acid. It is a white solid. It is produced by oxidation of glycerol:

Glyceric acid  is an intermediate.

Its derivative, 2-methyltartronic acid, is isomalic acid.

Uses
Oxidation of tartronic acid gives the ketone mesoxalic acid, the simplest oxodicarboxylic acid.

References

External links
 US-Patent 4319045: "Process for production of a tartronic acid solution", max 20% Tartronic acid besides other dicarbonic acids
 US-Patent 5750037: Use of tartronic acid as an oxygen scavenger
 Literature overview about synthesis

Dicarboxylic acids
Alpha hydroxy acids
Billy Robinson (aviator). William C. Robinson (September 24, 1884 – March 11, 1916) was an early American inventor and aviator.

Biography
Robinson was born in Redfield, South Dakota, and moved to Grinnell, Iowa in 1896 at age 12. He was a handyman, tinkerer, and bicycle repairman who designed and built his own flying machine. In 1911, with the help of Charles Hink, Robinson constructed a 60 horsepower radial motor for his monoplane. His innovations for the radial motor were revolutionary. In 1914 he set a record for non-stop flight, carrying mail from Des Moines to Kentland, Indiana. Later he founded the Grinnell Aeroplane Company.

Robinson perished while flying his biplane, attempting to set an altitude record on March 11, 1916. His aircraft was witnessed climbing to altitude, before drifting down like a falling leaf, and gliding to a landing, which was controlled enough to leave skid marks, but rough enough to rupture the fuel tank and ignite the aircraft. Hypoxia was suspected among other reasons for the crash, but the fire made it impossible to verify the exact cause.

On June 18, 1988, the Grinnell Regional Airport was dedicated and named Billy Robinson Field.

References

Archives
Additional photos of Robinson and his planes can be found in Digital Grinnell, a digital archive of Grinnell local history materials maintained by Grinnell College.

External links
Billy's entry in the Earlyaviators.com
Photographic history of Robinson's aviation accomplishments included in the Iowa Heritage Digital Collection.
Billy Robinson: Birdman of the Prairie by Lynn Cavanagh, in Iowa Heritage Illustrated, Summer 2014.
The Story of Billy Robinson, from Grinnell- A Century of Progress, a centennial publication published by the Grinnell Herald-Register, July, 1954.
Birdman of the Prairie: The life and death of Iowa Aviator Billy Robinson 10 minute documentary created for the National History Day Documentary contest

1884 births
1916 deaths
Aviators from South Dakota
Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents in the United States
People from Redfield, South Dakota
People from Grinnell, Iowa
Accidental deaths in Iowa
American aviation record holders
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1916
RUCAPS. RUCAPS (Really Universal Computer-Aided Production System) is a computer-aided design (CAD) system for architects, first developed during the 1970s and 1980s, and today credited as a forerunner of building information modeling (BIM). It runs on minicomputers from Prime Computer and Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC).

Development
The system was initially developed by two graduates of Liverpool University, Dr John Davison and John Watts in the early 1970s. They took their work to architects Gollins Melvin Ward (GMW Architects) in London in the late 1970s, and developed it whilst working on a project for Riyadh University. It became the Really Universal Computer Aided Production System (RUCAPS), and from 1977 was sold through GMW Computers Ltd in several countries worldwide. The term 'building model' (in the sense of BIM as used today) was first used in papers in the mid-1980s: in a 1985 paper by Simon Ruffle, and later in a 1986 paper by Robert Aish - then at GMW Computers - referring to the software's use at London's Heathrow Airport.

RUCAPS was a significant milestone in the development of building modellers, selling many hundreds of copies during the early 1980s when CAD was rare and expensive, and introducing thousands of architects to computer aided design. It is regarded as a forerunner to today's BIM software, and is seen by some writers, e.g.: Jerry Laiserin, as the inspiration behind Autodesk's Revit:

RUCAPS was superseded in the mid-late 1980s by Sonata, developed by former GMW employee Jonathan Ingram. This was sold to T2 Solutions (renamed from GMW Computers in 1987), which was eventually bought by Alias|Wavefront but then "disappeared in a mysterious, corporate black hole, somewhere in eastern Canada in 1992." Ingram then went on to develop Reflex, bought out by Parametric Technology Corporation (PTC) in 1996.

Comparison with BIM
In 1984, RUCAPS was described as a 2½ dimensional interactive system, closer to the philosophy of 2D interactive systems such as ARK/2 or DAISY, and concentrating on the rapid production of 2D drawings (plans, elevations and sections). During the early 1980s, Ingram worked on a supplementary 3D file structure for RUCAPS, where, by running a separate program and with manual intervention, a flat 3D file could be generated, allowing the production of perspectives and images. RUCAPS did carry the 'weather vane' concept from UK-based Applied Research's Building Design System, BDS.

The system
RUCAPS was a building modelling system. It used the concept, introduced by BDS.

Notes and references

Data modeling
Computer-aided design software
Building information modeling
31 Combat Engineer Regiment (The Elgin's). 31 Combat Engineer Regiment (31 CER or "The Elgin's"), is a combat engineer regiment of the Canadian Military Engineers. It is part of 31 Canadian Brigade Group of the 4th Canadian Division. It consists of two squadrons: 48 Engineer Squadron in Waterloo, Ontario, and 7 Engineer Squadron in St. Thomas, Ontario.

History 
31 CER perpetuates the Provincial Corps of Artificers, a unit associated with the War of 1812. 

The regiment existed before the Confederation of Canada, tracing its origin to 1866 when the Militia Act officially created the 25th, Elgin, Battalion of Infantry from five local militia companies. It became the 25th Elgin Regiment in 1900, but was then disbanded in 1903, but re-formed the next year.

In 1915 the 91st Battalion (Elgin), CEF was raised in St. Thomas, Ontario, and went to fight in the First World War.

It became the Elgin Regiment in 1920, and was expanded to two battalions in 1921, the 1st Battalion (perpetuating 91st Battalion CEF), and the 2nd (Reserve) Battalion. 

After the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939, the regiment was converted to armour in 1942 as the 25th Armoured Regiment (The Elgin Regiment).

The Elgin Regiment was awarded the battle honours Somme, 1916; Arras, 1917; Ypres, 1917; and Amiens after the First World War. The honours "Arras" and "Amiens" were selected to be borne on colours and appointments.

After the conversion to an engineer regiment in 1997, these honours became dormant, being replaced by the CME's honorary distinction .

During Canadian combat operations in Afghanistan, 31 CER sent members to augment Regular Force units for deployments while also acting as a "feeder" unit, training Reserve Force members who could then take full-time contracts with Regular Force combat engineer regiments.

Afghanistan rotations

Perpetuations 
 Provincial Corps of Artificers
 91st Battalion (Elgin), CEF
 1st Armoured Personnel Carrier Regiment - Canadian Forces General Message 089/23, 23 May 2023: "the perpetuation of the 1st Armoured Personnel Carrier Regiment by 31 Combat Engineer Regiment (The Elgins) is approved"

Alliances 

  - The Royal Regiment of Fusiliers

References

Engineer regiments of Canada
Military units and formations established in 1997
1997 establishments in Canada
St. Thomas, Ontario
Military units and formations of Canada in World War I
Military units and formations of Canada in World War II