omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Bavarian A I. Bavarian A I engines were German steam locomotives in service with the Royal Bavarian State Railways (Königlich Bayerische Staatsbahn) from 1841 to 1871.

Three manufacturers were awarded a contract to build eight locomotives each, with the stipulation that the components of the different machines had to be interchangeable with one another. The engines achieved a speed of 33 km/h on a line with an incline of 1:200. The first engine was retired in 1871 and scrapped. Five examples were rebuilt into B I class 2-4-0 locomotives, four were rebuilt into C I class 0-6-0 locomotives,  and four were sold. The last one was scrapped in 1874.

They were coupled  with 2 T 3,35 tenders.

Der Münchner 

Der Münchner (a Münchner is a man from Munich) was a Bavarian Class A I engine with the number 25. It was originally built for the Munich–Augsburg Railway Company, a private railway company which ran the route between Munich and Augsburg. In 1844 the line was taken over by the state railway and the engine was transferred into state ownership. A large part of the locomotive came from England, which can be seen from the typically English 'pear' shape of the outer firebox.

It was coupled with a 2 T 3 tender.

See also
 List of Bavarian locomotives and railbuses

References

2-2-2 locomotives
A I
Maschinenbau-Gesellschaft Karlsruhe locomotives
Maffei locomotives
Standard gauge locomotives of Germany
Railway locomotives introduced in 1841
1A1 n2 locomotives
Passenger locomotives
Come-along. A come-along, also known as a power puller, is a hand-operated winch with a ratchet used to pull objects. The drum is wrapped with wire rope. A similar tool that uses a nylon strap is used to straighten trees, as it straightens gradually over time, therefore not splitting the trunk.

Come-alongs are not rated for overhead lifting, but a similar-looking device called a ratchet lever hoist is used this way.

The original tool of this type was developed by Abraham Maasdam of Deep Creek, Colorado, about 1919, and later commercialized by his son, Felber Maasdam, about 1946.  It has been copied by many manufacturers in recent decades. A similar heavy-duty unit with a combination chain and cable became available in 1935 that was used by railroads, but lacked the success of the cable-only type units.

A similar tool to a come-along is a cable puller, which does not have a drum and ratchet but directly grips the cable, allowing unlimited lengths of wire rope to be used.

References

Tools
Hydrogen odorant. A hydrogen odorant in any form, is a minute amount of odorant such as ethyl isobutyrate, with a rotting-cabbage-like smell, that is added to the otherwise colorless and almost odorless hydrogen gas, so that leaks can be detected before a fire or explosion occurs.  Odorants are considered non-toxic in the extremely low concentrations occurring in hydrogen gas delivered to the end user.

The approach is not new, for the same safety reasons the odorant tert-butyl mercaptan is used in natural gas.

See also
Hydrogen safety
Odor detection threshold

External links
Odorant for hydrogen based on acrylate and acetophenone
Hydrogen Odorants and Odorant Selection Method
Hydrogen technologies
DRG Class 45. German Class 45 steam locomotives were standard locomotives (Einheitslokomotiven) designed by the Deutsche Reichsbahn for hauling goods trains.

History 
The Class 45 engines were the most powerful steam locomotives ever operated in Germany. They were built between 1936 and 1937 by the firm of Henschel. After the first two engines entered service, a further 26 units were delivered in 1940. However, the third order for another 103 machines was cancelled in 1941, because the outbreak of the Second World War favoured the construction of simpler wartime locomotives, the so-called Kriegslokomotiven. The Class 45s were given the operating numbers 45 001 to 45 028.

After the war, boiler damage appeared very quickly that made a reduction of the boiler overpressure to 16 bar necessary. From 1950 therefore several Deutsche Bundesbahn machines were equipped with an outer firebox with a combustion chamber and a mechanical underfeed stoker (Rostbeschicker). The engines with operating numbers 45 010, 45 016, 45 019, 45 021 and 45 023 were provided with welded boilers and underfeed stoker equipment.

In East Germany, the Deutsche Reichsbahn's sole example, 45 024, was rebuilt into high pressure variant and renumbered H 45 024. It proved to be a failure and was retired in 1959. Parts of this locomotive (outside cylinders, trailing wheels and the rear section of the locomotive frame) were used in building engine no. 18 201.

In 1968 the Deutsche Bundesbahn only had three examples left, which were used as braking and experimental engines by the Bundesbahn Central Office in Munich and Minden. They were no. 45 023, which was stabled in Munich, and nos. 45 010 and 45 019, which were stationed at Minden. On the evening of 17 October 2005 a fire destroyed the locomotive shed of the Nuremberg Transport Museum in Nuremberg, as a result of which the last preserved example of this class, the 45 010, was badly damaged. Plans were put in hand to restore it and this was completed during 2012.

This class was initially a faulty design, similar to the DRB Class 06, because of its poor boiler. Following replacement of the boiler and the introduction of mechanical stoking the true qualities of this locomotive became clear. As well as being used as braking locomotives for the Bundesbahn Central Office, in their final years numbers 45 019 and 45 010 were used time and again for those heavy goods train duties that the Class 44 locomotives had difficulties with.

The vehicles were coupled with 2′3 T 38 tenders. Those with underfeed stokers had 2′3 T 29 Stoker tenders.

See also 

 List of DRG locomotives and railbuses

References 

 
 

45
1′E1′ h3 locomotives
45
Henschel locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1936
Standard gauge locomotives of Germany
2-10-2 locomotives
Freight locomotives
Lynn Gladden. Dame Lynn Faith Gladden (born 30 July 1961) is the Shell Professor of Chemical Engineering at the University of Cambridge. She served as Pro-vice-chancellor for research from 2010 to 2016.

Gladden was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2015 for contributions to chemical reactor engineering through the uniquely specific application of magnetic resonance imaging.

During the period October 2018 to June 2023 she was the executive chair at the EPSRC.

Early life and education
Gladden was born on 30 July 1961. Her father is John Montague Gladden and her mother, Sheila Faith Deverell. Gladden was educated at the Heathfield School in Harrow. She obtained a Bachelor of Science degree in Chemical Physics at the University of Bristol in 1982, and afterwards moved to Trinity College, Cambridge, where she gained a PhD in physical chemistry in 1987. She also holds a Postgraduate Certificate in Education (PGCE) in Physics from the University of Oxford.

Career and research
Gladden began her career as a lecturer at the University of Cambridge from 1987 to 1991. She was appointed a reader from 1995 to 1999, when she was promoted to professor. She was head of the Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge until 1 October 2010. She was also a Pro-vice-chancellor from 1 January 2010 up until 1 January 2016. and has been a Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge since 1999.

Gladden is the lead researcher at the university's magnetic resonance research centre (MRRC). She is chair of the judging panel for the Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering. Gladden was appointed as a non-executive director of British Land in March 2015.

Honours and awards
She is a Chartered Chemist and Chartered Engineer, a Fellow of the Institution of Chemical Engineers and a Fellow of the Institute of Physics (FInstP) and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry (FRSC).
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 

Gladden was appointed Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in the 2020 New Year Honours for services to academic and industrial research in chemical engineering.

References

Place of birth missing (living people)
Alumni of the University of Bristol
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
21st-century British women engineers
British chemical engineers
British corporate directors
Chemical engineering professors at the University of Cambridge
Female fellows of the Royal Society
Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Female fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Living people
Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge
English physical chemists
English women scientists
1961 births
Alumni of Keble College, Oxford
Fellows of the Royal Society
Fellows of the Royal Society of Chemistry
Fellows of the Institute of Physics
21st-century English women
21st-century English people
People educated at Heathfield School, Pinner
Diagnosis. Diagnosis (: diagnoses) is the identification of the nature and cause of a certain phenomenon. Diagnosis is used in many different disciplines, with variations in the use of logic, analytics, and experience, to determine "cause and effect". In systems engineering and computer science, it is typically used to determine the causes of symptoms, mitigations, and solutions.

Computer science and networking
 Bayesian network
 Complex event processing
 Diagnosis (artificial intelligence)
 Event correlation
 Fault management
 Fault tree analysis
 Grey problem
 RPR problem diagnosis
 Remote diagnostics
 Root cause analysis
 Troubleshooting
 Unified Diagnostic Services

Mathematics and logic
 Bayesian probability
 Block Hackam's dictum
 Occam's razor
 Regression diagnostics
 Sutton's law

Medicine

 Medical diagnosis
 Molecular diagnostics

Methods
 CDR computerized assessment system
 Computer-aided diagnosis
 Differential diagnosis
 Retrospective diagnosis

Tools
 DELTA (taxonomy)
 DXplain
 List of diagnostic classification and rating scales used in psychiatry

Organizational development
 Organizational diagnostics

Systems engineering
 Five whys
 Eight disciplines problem solving
 Fault detection and isolation
 Problem solving

References

External links
 

Medical terminology
DRG Class 24. The DRG Class 24 steam engines were German standard locomotives (Einheitslokomotiven) built for the Deutsche Reichsbahn between 1928 and 1939 to haul passenger trains.

History
These engines, nickname the 'prairie horse' (Steppenpferd) were developed specially for the long, flat routes in West and East Prussia. 95 examples were built by the firms of Schichau, Linke-Hofmann and others. The two units with operating numbers 24 069 and 24 070 were supplied by Borsig with a medium pressure boiler. These locos ran with a boiler overpressure of , but were rebuilt by DB in 1952.

The Deutsche Bundesbahn took over 38 locomotives and retired them by 1966. The last one with the DB was locomotive number 24 067, which was stabled in Rheydt and taken out of service there in August 1966. The engines were given operating numbers 24 001 to 24 095.

Engine numbers 24 002, 004, 009, 021 and 030 were left with the DR after the Second World War. They were all stabled in Jerichow shed in 1960 and their sphere of operations until 1968 was the branch line network of the Kleinbahn AG in Genthin. No. 24 009 was re-numbered in 1970 to 37 1009 and was used as a reserve breakdown engine in Güsten and Stendal. In 1972 it was sold to the West German railway magazine Eisenbahn-Kurier. 

Thirty-four locomotive remained in Poland after the Second World War, where PKP classified them as Oi2. They served until the last one was withdrawn in 1976. One of the preserved locomotives in Germany, no. 24 083, had been in service in Poland.

The locomotives were equipped with 3 T 16 and 3 T 17 tenders.

Four Class 24 locomotives have been preserved: three in Germany (24 004, 24 009 and 24 083), and one in Poland (Oi2-29).

See also
 List of DRG locomotives and railbuses

Literature
 Klaus-Detlev Holzborn (2015): Der Sonderling 24 061. In: Eisenbahn-Magazin. Nr. 7, ISSN 0342-1902, S. 14.
 
 

24
2-6-0 locomotives
24
Henschel locomotives
Krupp locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1928
Borsig locomotives
Passenger locomotives
Standard gauge locomotives of Germany
1′C h2 locomotives
Schichau-Werke locomotives
HSwMS Helsingborg (K32). HSwMS Helsingborg (K32)  is a Swedish . She was ordered by the Swedish Government in 1995 and is the second ship of the class built by Kockums. She has been in active service with the 31st Corvette Squadron, 3rd Naval Warfare Flotilla since 19 December 2009. It is a stealth missile corvette.

Design and description 

HSwMS Helsingborg is the second ship of the s. It was built by Kockums at the Karlskrona naval base, and was the first of four vessels of the class which are designed for coastal warfare.

The hull of the vessel is made of carbon fiber reinforced plastic, a stealth technology, in order to make the vessel difficult to detect by other forces. A minimum of external equipment is stored outside of the vessel, with equipment such as liferafts being stored inside the hull. This hull also reduces the weight of the vessel by around half. It was intended to be radar silent until it moves within  of an enemy vessel, resulting in designer John Nillson saying of it, "Naval officers fall in love with [this] ship. It's not classically beautiful. In fact it looks like a lunchbox. But it has better maneuverability and can achieve that level of stealth."

Construction and career
Kockums delivered her to FMV on 24 April 2006, when she started her extensive operational sea trials, during which she has returned to the yard several times.  On 12 August 2006 she left Sweden for the Mediterranean. She returned to Karlskrona 11 September the same year.

References

External links

 BBC article
 FMV - Official homepage
 Kockums - Official homepage
 Swedish navy page 

Corvettes of Sweden
Visby-class corvettes
2003 ships
Ships built in Malmö
Techtronic Industries. Techtronic Industries Company Limited (TTI Group or TTI) is a Hong Kong–based multinational company that designs, produces, and markets power tools, outdoor power equipment, hand tools, and floor care appliances. It pioneered cordless power tools powered by lithium-ion rechargeable batteries.

TTI's products are manufactured in China, Vietnam, the United States, Mexico, and Europe, and in 2023, had annual sales of US$13.7 billion.

History
In 1985, TTI was founded by Horst Julius Pudwill and Roy Chi Ping Chung as an original equipment manufacturer for overseas brands. In 1987, it began to produce Craftsman cordless power tools for Sears followed by cordless, handheld vacuum cleaners for Bissell.

In 1990, TTI listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange under stock code 0669 by initial public offering. Its ADRs also trade on Nasdaq as TTNDY. In 2019, the company's shares became one of the 50 constituents of the Hang Seng Index.

TTI acquired Ryobi Limited's North American power tools business in August 2000.
In August 2001 TTI acquired European Ryobi power tools business and in March 2002 TTI acquired two subsidiaries of Ryobi Limited, Ryobi Australia Pty Limited and Ryobi New Zealand Limited.

Techtronic purchased Milwaukee Electric Tool from Atlas Copco in 2005 and began integrating lithium-ion batteries into their lineup.

Brands
TTI's brands include:

Floorcare & Cleaning
Hoover 
Oreck
Vax 
Dirt Devil

Awards

 Forbes World’s Best 200 Small Companies, 2002

 Hong Kong Awards for Industries Consumer Product Design, 2008 and 2012

 Euromoney Best Managed Company in Asia - Consumer Goods, 2014

 The Home Depot Environmental Partner of the Year and Interconnected Partner of the Year, 2020

References

Companies listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange
Engineering companies of Hong Kong
Electronics companies of Hong Kong
Manufacturing companies established in 1985
Electronics companies established in 1985
1985 establishments in Hong Kong
Power tool manufacturers
Conglomerate companies of Hong Kong
Hong Kong brands
Society for the Promotion of Aeronautics (Germany). Founded on August 31, 1881, the Deutsche Verein zur Förderung der Luftschifffahrt, (Society for the Promotion of Aeronautics), was the first German aviation association.

Founding 
The motivation for the association arose from the experience of the massive French military balloon units during the Siege of Paris in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870/1871. The association's objects were to promote airship flight by all means, as well as to work on solving the problem of building steerable airships, and especially to support a permanent research station.

Journal 

In 1882 the association started printing , which was the first German technical aviation journal. In 1888 they printed under the title  (Journal of airshipflight) and the Vienese flight association  became co-editors. In 1892 the title changed to  (Journal of airshipflight and atmospheric physics). In 1900 the association adopted the journal  (illustrated aeronautical reports), with the subtitle  (German journal of airshipflight).

In 1903, after Germany saw the founding of numerous other aeronautical associations, it changed its name to  (Berlin association of airshipflight).

Membership and activities
Among the members were: the airship pioneers Paul Haenlein, Friedrich Hermann Wölfert; the meteorologists Richard Aßmann, Arthur Berson and Reinhard Süring; the airship constructor Hans Bartsch von Sigsfeld and the flight researcher Otto Lilienthal.

References 

Notes

Bibliography

 Editors of German Wikipedia Verein zur Förderung der Luftschifffahrt – Wikipedia (current version)
 Schulz, Günter O. Luftschiffseiten - Geschichte von Baumgarten & Wölfert. (German) Retrieved 2008-07-20

19th-century German aviation
Airship transport in Germany
Aviation history of Germany
Ballooning
Aviation organisations based in Germany
Organizations established in 1881
Aeronautics organizations
1881 establishments in Germany
DRG Class 03. The Class 03 steam engines were standard express train locomotives (Einheitslokomotiven) in service with the Deutsche Reichsbahn.

History 
The Class 03 engines were built between 1930 and 1938 as express train locomotives for routes that were only suitable for axle loads of up to 18 tonnes. 298 examples of this engine, whose construction was based on the Class 01, were built by the firms of Borsig, Krupp, Henschel, and Schwartzkopff.

Its reduced weight was achieved by the use of a light sectional frame, smaller boiler and smaller cylinders. From engine number 03 123 onwards the pumps were located in the centre of the locomotive and from number 03 163 the locos had larger leading wheels.

Locomotive number 03 154 was equipped with a parabolic smokebox door, a tapered driver's cab and driving gear cover plates. Number 03 193 was given a wine-red, streamlined, full covering and a 2′3 T 37 St tender, in order to replace the Class 05. 03 204 and 03 205 had driving gear cover plates for experimental purposes. Locomotive numbers 03 175 and 03 207 had Lentz valve gear, also as an experiment.

Until 1959, 145  Class 03 locomotives were in the Deutsche Bundesbahn's operating fleet, of which 62 engines (03 005 to 03 122) had air and feed pumps on the smokebox, small leading wheels (850 mm diameter) and a top speed of 120 km/h, 16 machines (03 127 to 03 160) had air and feed pumps between the middle and rear driving wheels, small leading wheels (850 mm diameter) and a top speed of 120 km/h and  67 engines (03 164 to 03 296) had air and feed pumps between the middle and rear driving wheels, scissor-block brakes (Scherenklotzbremsen), large leading wheels (1,000 mm diameter) and a top speed of 130 km/h.

In 1968 there were still 45 units, now designated as Class 003, remaining in the operational fleet. They were stabled at the following locomotive sheds: two at the Braunschweig shed, six at Bremen Main Station, 13 at Hamburg-Altona, one at Husum, 16 in Mönchengladbach and seven at Ulm.

The last ten locomotives of Class 003 were on duty from 1971 at Ulm; in 1972 the last ones, nos. 003 088, 003 131 and 003 268, were withdrawn from service.

The DR in East Germany had 86 engines in its fleet. From 1962 they equipped their vehicles with mixer preheaters.

35 03 pacifics went to Poland after World War 2, along with ten streamlined 03.10s. The Polish version of the Class 03, the Pm2 (running number 34), can be seen at the railway museum in Warsaw.

The locomotives of this class had 2′2 T 30, 2′2′ T 32 and 2′2′ T 34 tenders.

See also
 List of DRG locomotives and railbuses

Literature 
 
 
 
 
 
 

03
4-6-2 locomotives
03
Borsig locomotives
Krupp locomotives
Henschel locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1930
Berliner locomotives
Standard gauge locomotives of Germany
Standard gauge locomotives of Poland
2′C1′ h2 locomotives
Passenger locomotives
Julius Knapp. Julius P. Knapp II is the chief of the Federal Communications Commission's (FCC) Office of Engineering Technology (OET).  OET is the Commission's primary resource for engineering expertise and provides technical support to the Chairman, Commissioners and FCC Bureaus and Offices.

Mr. Knapp was named Chief of OET in October 2006, succeeding Ed Thomas who left the previous year, although he was the acting chief for some time before that.  He became the Deputy Chief of OET in May 2001.  Prior to that he was the Chief of the Policy & Rules Division where he was responsible for FCC frequency allocation proceedings and for proceedings amending the FCC rules for radio frequency devices.  Mr. Knapp was Chief of the FCC Laboratory from 1994 to 1997 where he was responsible for the FCC's equipment authorization program and technical analyses.

Mr. Knapp received a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from the City College of New York in 1974.  He is a member of the IEEE EMC Society and is a Fellow of the Radio Club of America.  He was the 2001 recipient of the Eugene C. Bowler award for exceptional professionalism and dedication to public service and received the FCC's Silver and Gold medal awards for distinguished service at the Commission.

In 2016, Knapp was involved in implementing new FCC rules that require Wifi router manufacturers to prevent modifications to the router's RF parameters.

On Nov. 27, 2019 the FCC announced Julius Knapp's planned retirement after 13 years as Chief of OET and more than 40 years at the Commission, effective Jan. 3, 2020. He stated, "My wonderful wife Debi and I plan to spend more time with our family and enjoy our `golden years.' "

References

External links

Julius Knapp Biography
JULIUS KNAPP NAMED DEPUTY CHIEF OF OET
SpectrumTalk Blog: Julius Knapp Named Chief, FCC Office of Engineering and Technology
Radio Blog: FCC names Julius Knapp chief of Office of Engineering and Technology 

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Members of the Federal Communications Commission