omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Developer. Developer may refer to:

Computers
Software developer, a person or organization who develop programs/applications
Video game developer, a person or business involved in video game development, the process of designing and creating games
Web developer, a programmer who specializes in, or is specifically engaged in, the development of World Wide Web applications

Other uses
Developer (album), the fifth album by indie rock band Silkworm
Photographic developer, chemicals that convert the latent image to a visible image
In real estate development, one who builds on land or alters the use of an existing building for some new purpose

See also

Game designer
Developer! Developer! Developer!, a series of community conferences aimed at software developers
H8 Family. The Hitachi H8 is a large family of 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit microcontrollers made by Renesas Technology, originating in the early 1990s within Hitachi Semiconductor. The original design, the H8/300, was an 8-bit processor that had a 16-bit registers and ALU that allowed some 16-bit operations. Two upgraded versions were introduced, the H8/300L that expanded the instructions to become a full 16-bit machine while being optimized for low cost, and the H8/300H which further expanded the registers to allow 32-bit operations and was optimized for low-power/high-performance roles. Many variations exist.

The entire line was sold to Renesas in 2003. Renesas continues to sell the designs , but only to existing customers. An administrator on the Renesas user community boards commented in 2011 that there are no plans for further development of H8 based products. H8 was supported in the Linux kernel starting with version 4.2 but support was removed in version 5.19.

For higher performance needs, Hitachi introduced its SuperH family of 32-bit RISC-like microcontrollers, which have largely replaced the H8.

Variants
Subfamilies include the 8/16-bit H8/300 and H8/500, the 16/32-bit H8/300H and H8S and the 32-bit H8SX series, each with dozens of different variants, varying by speed, selection of built-in peripherals such as timers, interrupts and serial ports, and amounts of ROM, flash memory and RAM. Built-in ROM and flash memory tends to range from 16 KB to 1024 KB, and RAM from 512 B to 512 KB.

The basic architecture of the H8 is patterned after the DEC PDP-11 architecture, with eight 16-bit registers (the H8/300H and H8S have an additional bank of eight 16-bit registers), and a variety of addressing modes. Unlike the PDP-11 however, the H8 architecture employs big-endian byte ordering.

Both H8/300H and H8S have eight 32-bit registers, each of which can be treated as one 32-bit register, two 16-bit registers, or two 8-bit registers, with the H8S having an internal 32-bit configuration. Several companies provide compilers for the H8 family, and there is a complete GCC port, including a simulator. There are also various hardware emulators available.

The family is continued with the H8SX 32-bit controllers.

Applications

H8S may be found in digital cameras, the Cybiko handheld computers, some ThinkPad notebooks, printer controllers, smart cards, chess computers, music synthesizers such as the Yamaha FS1R, Roland SC-55 and Roland JV880 and in various automotive subsystems. The LEGO Mindstorms RCX, an advanced robot toy/educational tool, uses the H8/300. An H8/3002 was used as a sound processor by Namco for various games it made in the late 1990s, notably those using its System 12 architecture and by Yamaha for the DB50XG and DB60XG daughterboards and the SW60XG ISA bus sound card.

H8/500 was being also used on a Nokia 2110 phone.

References

External links
 Renesas Electronics
 Online training for Renesas products
 A community support forum

Renesas microcontrollers
Hydrogen carrier. A hydrogen carrier is an organic macromolecule that transports atoms of hydrogen from one place to another inside a cell or from cell to cell for use in various metabolical processes. Examples include NADPH, NADH, and FADH. The main role of these is to transport hydrogen atom to electron transport chain which will change ADP to ATP by adding one phosphate during metabolic processes (e.g. photosynthesis and respiration). Hydrogen carrier participates in an oxidation-reduction reaction by getting reduced due to the acceptance of a Hydrogen. The enzyme used in Glycolysis, Dehydrogenase is used to attach the hydrogen to one of the hydrogen carrier.

See also
 Electron carrier
 Light reactions
 Photosynthesis
 Cellular respiration

References

External links
 http://www.biology-online.org/1/3_respiration.htm 
 https://web.archive.org/web/20100727214925/http://student.ccbcmd.edu/~gkaiser/biotutorials/energy/oxphos.html

Hydrogen biology
Elastic. Elastic is a word often used to describe or identify certain types of elastomer, elastic used in garments or stretchable fabrics.

Elastic may also refer to:

Alternative name
 Rubber band, ring-shaped band of rubber used to hold objects together
 Bungee cord, a cord composed of an elastic core covered in a sheath
 Chinese jump rope, a children's game resembling hopscotch and jump rope

As a proper name
 Elastic (album), a 2002 album by jazz saxophonist Joshua Redman
"Elastic", a 2018 single by Joey Purp
Elastic, working title of the 2012 Indian film Cocktail
 Elastic NV, the company that releases the Elasticsearch search engine
 Elasticsearch, a search engine based on Apache Lucene
 Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2), a web service that provides secure, resizable compute capacity in a cloud format
 Elastics (orthodontics), rubber bands used in orthodontics
 Elastic (creative studio), a creative studio known for its title sequences during the  Golden Age of Television

See also 
 Elastic collision, a collision where kinetic energy is conserved
 Elastic deformation, reversible deformation of a material
 Elasticity (disambiguation)
 Flex (disambiguation)
 Stretch (disambiguation)
Sidney Darlington. Sidney Darlington (July 18, 1906 – October 31, 1997) was an American electrical engineer and inventor of a transistor configuration in 1953, the Darlington pair. He advanced the state of network theory, developing the insertion-loss synthesis approach, and invented chirp radar, bombsights, and gun and rocket guidance.

Darlington was awarded a B.S. in physics, magna cum laude, from Harvard in 1928, where he was elected to Phi Beta Kappa. He also received a B.S. in E.E. from MIT in 1929, and a Ph.D. in physics from Columbia in 1940.

In 1945, he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the United States' highest civilian honor, for his contributions during World War II. He was an elected member of the National Academy of Engineering, which cited his contributions to electrical network theory, radar, and guidance systems. In 1975, he received IEEE's Edison Medal "For basic contributions to network theory and for important inventions in radar systems and electronic circuits" and the IEEE Medal of Honor in 1981 "For fundamental contributions to filtering and signal processing leading to chirp radar".

He died at his home in Exeter, New Hampshire, USA, at the age of 91.

Patents 
 — Wave Transmission Network
 — Semiconductor signal translating devices.(ed., "Darlington Transistor")
 — Bombsight Computer
 — Tracking Device
 — Fire Control Computer
 — Pulse Transmission(Chirp)
 — Rocket Guidance
 — Two-Port Network Synthesis
 — Chirp Pulse Equalizer

References

External links 

IEEE Biography
 Darlington’s Contributions to Transistor Circuit Design
Irwin W. Sandberg and Ernest S. Kuh, "Sidney Darlington", Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences (2004)

1906 births
1997 deaths
IEEE Medal of Honor recipients
IEEE Edison Medal recipients
American electrical engineers
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Scientists at Bell Labs
People associated with radar
Scientists from Pittsburgh
Engineers from Pennsylvania
20th-century American engineers
MIT School of Engineering alumni
Columbia Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
Harvard University alumni
M/S. m/s is the symbol for metre per second, a unit of both speed and velocity.

example: speed of sound=340 m/s.

M/S or m/s may also refer to:

 Motor ship, also MS, MV, M/V, or motor vessel, a maritime prefix
 M/S stereo coding (Mid/Side stereo encoding), in audio engineering
 Master/slave (BDSM)
 Messrs., especially in India as a prefix to a firm or company name.

See also
m/s2, metre per second squared
m/s3, a unit of jerk
m/s4, a unit of jounce
MS (disambiguation)
M&S (disambiguation)
MIDlet. A MIDlet is an application that uses the Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP) of the Connected Limited Device Configuration (CLDC) for the Java ME environment. Typical applications include games running on mobile devices such as smartphones with J2ME support and feature phones which have small graphical displays, simple numeric keypad interfaces and limited network access over HTTP.

The .jad file describing a MIDlet suite is used to deploy the applications in one of two ways. Over the air (OTA) deployment involves uploading the .jad and .jar files to a Web server which is accessible by the device over HTTP. The user downloads the .jad file and installs the MIDlets they require. Local deployment requires that the MIDlet files be transferred to the device over a non-network connection (such as through Bluetooth or IrDa, and may involve device-specific software). Phones that support microSD cards can sometimes install .jar or .jad files that have been transferred to the memory card.

Platforms 
Mainly MIDlet applications and games developed for Series 40, Series 60, Nokia Asha and Sony Ericsson Java Platform.

Emulation 
MIDlet can run using MicroEmulator app on any desktop PC with JavaSE and on Maemo. On Android devices via the J2ME Loader (MicroEmulator fork) application.

Other J2ME emulators also could be used with or without some limitations.

Restrictions
Unlike a Java applet, a MIDlet is limited to use of the LCDUI rather than the more familiar widgets of AWT and Swing. There are also restrictions on the size of .jar files and the number of concurrent HTTP connections based on the MIDP specification.

See also

 Mobile Information Device Profile
 Connected Limited Device Configuration

References

Java device platform
Mobile software programming tools
Lithification. Lithification (from the Ancient Greek word lithos meaning 'rock' and the Latin-derived suffix -ific) is the process in which sediments compact under pressure, expel connate fluids, and gradually become solid rock.  Essentially, lithification is a process of porosity destruction through compaction and cementation. Lithification includes all the processes which convert unconsolidated sediments into sedimentary rocks. Petrifaction, though often used as a synonym, is more specifically used to describe the replacement of organic material by silica in the formation of fossils.

See also

References

Geological processes
Petrology
Sedimentary rocks
Macintosh IIfx. The Macintosh IIfx is a personal computer designed, manufactured and sold by Apple Computer from March 1990 to April 1992.  At introduction it cost from  to , depending on configuration, and it was the fastest Macintosh available at the time.

The IIfx is the most powerful of the 68030-based Macintosh II family and was replaced at the top of Apple's lineup by the Macintosh Quadra in 1991. It is the last Apple computer released that was designed using the Snow White design language.

Overview
Dubbed "Wicked Fast" by its Product Manager, Frank Casanova – who came to Apple from Apollo Computer in Boston, Massachusetts, where the Boston term "wicked" is commonly used to denote anything extreme – the IIfx runs at a clock rate of 40 megahertz, has 32 KB of Level 2 cache, six NuBus slots, and includes a number of proprietary ASICs and coprocessors. Designed to speed up the machine even further, these chips require system-specific drivers. The 40 MHz speed refers to the main logic board clock (the bus), the Motorola 68030 CPU, and the computer's Motorola 68882 FPU. The machine has eight RAM slots, for a maximum of 128 MB RAM, an enormous amount at the time.

The IIfx features specialized high-speed (80 ns) RAM using 64-pin dual-ported SIMMs, while all other contemporary Macintosh models use 30-pin SIMMs. The extra pins are a separate path to allow latched read and write operations. It is also possible to use parity memory modules; the IIfx is the only stock 68K Macintosh to support them along with special versions of the Macintosh IIci. The logic board has a total of 8 RAM slots; these must be populated four at a time with 1, 4, or 16 MB chips; this results in a maximum memory amount of 128 MB.

The IIfx includes two special dedicated processors for floppy disk operations, sound, ADB, and serial communications. These I/O chips feature a pair of 10 MHz embedded 6502 CPUs, which is the same CPU family used in Apple II machines.

The IIfx uses SCSI as its hard disk interface, as had all previous Macintosh models since the Macintosh Plus. The IIfx requires a special black-colored SCSI terminator for external drives.

Industrial Light & Magic upgraded their image processing hardware to the IIfx by the time Terminator 2: Judgment Day entered post-production.

Models 
When first introduced, the IIfx was offered in the following configurations:

 Macintosh IIfx: 4 MB memory, 1.44 MB SuperDrive. US$8,969.
 Macintosh IIfx 4/80: 4 MB memory, 80 MB HDD. US$9,869.
 Macintosh IIfx 4/160: 4 MB memory, 160 MB HDD. US$10,969.
 Macintosh IIfx 4/80 with Parity Support: 4 MB of parity error-checking RAM, 80 MB HDD.

Introduced May 15, 1990:
 Macintosh IIfx 4/80 with A/UX: 4 MB memory, 160 MB HDD, A/UX 2.0 preinstalled. US$10,469. Shipments began in June.

Timeline

References

External links
 Macintosh IIfx profile on Low End Mac
 Apple-History: Macintosh IIfx
 EveryMac: Macintosh IIfx
 Apple Technical Note DV15 (Mirror)

fx
IIfx
IIfx
IIfx
Computer-related introductions in 1990
Products and services discontinued in 1992
Nernst heat theorem. The Nernst heat theorem was formulated by Walther Nernst early in the twentieth century and was used in the development of the third law of thermodynamics.

The theorem 
The Nernst heat theorem says that as absolute zero is approached, the entropy change ΔS for a chemical or physical transformation approaches 0.  This can be expressed mathematically as follows:

The above equation is a modern statement of the theorem.  Nernst often used a form that avoided the concept of entropy.

Another way of looking at the theorem is to start with the definition of the Gibbs free energy (G), G = H - TS, where H stands for enthalpy.  For a change from reactants to products at constant temperature and pressure the equation becomes .

In the limit of T = 0 the equation reduces to just ΔG = ΔH, as illustrated in the figure shown here, which is supported by experimental data. However, it is known from thermodynamics that the slope of the ΔG curve is -ΔS.  Since the slope shown here reaches the horizontal limit of 0 as T → 0 then the implication is that ΔS → 0, which is the Nernst heat theorem.

The significance of the Nernst heat theorem is that it was later used by Max Planck to give the third law of thermodynamics, which is that the entropy of all pure, perfectly crystalline homogeneous materials in complete internal equilibrium is 0 at absolute zero.

See also 
 Theodore William Richards
 Entropy

References and notes

Further reading 
 - See especially pages 421 – 424

External links 
 Nernst heat theorem

Thermochemistry

Walther Nernst
de:Nernst-Theorem
MMP. MMP may refer to:

Computing and video games
 Massively multi-player, a type of online game
 Massively multiprocessing, large symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) computer systems
 Measure Map Pro format, a GIS format

Science and mathematics
 Matrix metalloproteinase enzymes
 Methuselah Mouse Prize, for research into slowing cellular ageing
 Millennium Mathematics Project, of the University of Cambridge
 Moscow Mathematical Papyrus, an ancient Egyptian mathematical papyrus
 Matrilysin, an enzyme
  Minimal model program, a branch of birational geometry
 Million progressive motile (million motile sperm cells per milliliter), a measure of male fertility used in semen analysis

Politics
 Mixed-member proportional representation, a voting system used in Germany, New Zealand and other countries
 Manitoba Marijuana Party, now Freedom Party of Manitoba, a Canadian political party
 Minuteman Project, 2005 action to deter illegal immigration
 Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, was a non-aggression pact signed in Moscow in the late hours of 23 August 1939

Industry and labor
 International Organization of Masters, Mates & Pilots (MM&P), a maritime labor union
 Moldova Metallurgical Plant, see Moldova Steel Works
 Maintenance management professional, a Canadian job qualification

Sport
 Memphis Motorsports Park, a race track in Millington, Tennessee, United States
 Minute Maid Park, a ballpark in Houston, Texas, United States
 Miller Motorsports Park in Tooele County, Utah.

Fiction
 Mass market paperback, a bookbinding format
 Tokyo Mew Mew, also known as Mew Mew Power, a Japanese cartoon
 Miss Moneypenny, secretary to James Bond's boss
 Mighty Math Powers, a method that Team Umizoomi uses

Others
 Magellan Midstream Partners, a publicly traded partnership
 Marian Movement of Priests, a Catholic organization
 Multi-Man Publishing, a wargame company
 Metal Mind Productions, a Polish music label
 Monday Morning Podcast, a weekly comedy podcast by Bill Burr
 Marchwood Military Port, a Military Port in Marchwood, England
 Missile Moyenne Portée (MMP), a French anti-tank missile
 Mucous membrane pemphigoid
 Marilyn Monroe Productions
Thermal history modelling. Thermal history modelling is an exercise undertaken during basin modelling to evaluate the temperature history of stratigraphic layers in a sedimentary basin.

The thermal history of a basin is usually calibrated using thermal indicator data, including vitrinite reflectance and fission tracks in the minerals apatite and zircon.

The temperatures undergone by rocks in a sedimentary basin are crucial when attempting to evaluate the quantity, nature and volume of hydrocarbons (fossil fuels) produced by diagenesis of kerogens (a group of chemicals formed from the decay of organic matter).

Fourier's law provides a simplified one-dimensional description of the variation in heat flow Q as a function of thermal conductivity k and thermal gradient dT/dz:

(The minus sign indicates that heat flows in the opposite direction to increasing depth, that is, towards the Earth's surface.)

If the assumptions used to justify this simplified approximation (i.e. steady-state heat conduction, no convection or advection) are accepted, we define the simple 1-dimensional heat diffusion equation where temperature T at a depth z and time t is given by the equation:

where Tt0 is the surface temperature history, Qt is the heat flow history and k is thermal conductivity.  The integral thus represents the integrated thermal conductivity history of a 1-dimensional column of rock.

Thermal history modelling attempts to describe the temperature history Tz,t and therefore requires a knowledge of the burial history of the stratigraphic layers which is obtained through the process of back-stripping.

References

See also
Petroleum geology

Petroleum geology
Sedimentology
Submitochondrial particle. A submitochondrial particle (SMP) is an artificial vesicle made from the inner mitochondrial membrane. They can be formed by subjecting isolated mitochondria to sonication, freezing and thawing, high pressure, or osmotic shock. SMPs can be used to study the electron transport chain in a cell-free context.

The process of SMP formation forces the inner mitochondrial membrane inside out, meaning that the matrix-facing leaflet becomes the outer surface of the SMP, and the intermembrane space-facing leaflet faces the lumen of the SMP. As a consequence, the F1 particles which normally face the matrix are exposed. Chaotropic agents can destabilize F1 particles and cause them to dissociate from the membrane, thereby uncoupling the final step of oxidative phosphorylation from the rest of the electron transport chain.

References

Cellular respiration
Membrane biology
Mitochondria
Ontology Inference Layer. OIL (Ontology Inference Layer or Ontology Interchange Language) can be regarded as an ontology infrastructure for the Semantic Web.  OIL is based on concepts developed in Description Logic (DL) and frame-based systems and is compatible with RDFS.

OIL was developed by Dieter Fensel, Frank van Harmelen (Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam) and Ian Horrocks (University of Manchester) as part of the IST OntoKnowledge project.

Much of the work in OIL was subsequently incorporated into DAML+OIL and the Web Ontology Language (OWL).

See also
 DARPA Agent Markup Language (DAML)
 DAML+OIL
 Ontology

References

Knowledge representation languages
Ontology (information science)

de:Ontology Inference Layer
Trans-European road network. The Trans-European road network (TERN) was defined by Council Decision 93/629/EEC of 29 October 1993, and is a project to improve the internal road infrastructure of the European Union (EU). The TERN project is one of several Trans-European Transport Networks.

Decision 93/629/EEC expired on 30 June 1995 so it was further expanded by the Decision No 1692/96/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 July 1996 on Community guidelines for the development of the trans-European transport network, which added definition not only to the proposed road network, but to other Trans-European Transport Networks (TEN-T), as they came to be called.

This Decision is no longer in force either since it was replaced by Decision No 661/2010/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 July 2010 on Union guidelines for the development of the trans-European transport network.

Details of the road network 

The trans-European road network, as laid out by Article 9 of Decision 661/2010/EU, is to include motorways and high-quality roads, whether existing, new or to be adapted, which:
 play an important role in long-distance traffic; or
 bypass the main urban centres on the routes identified by the network; or
 provide interconnection with other modes of transport; or
 link landlocked and peripheral regions to central regions of the Union.

Beyond these, the network should guarantee users a high, uniform and continuous level of services, comfort and safety.
It has also include infrastructure for traffic management, user information, dealing with incidents and emergencies and electronic fee collection, such infrastructure being based on active cooperation between traffic management systems at European, national and regional level and providers of travel and traffic information and value added services, which will ensure the necessary complementarity with applications whose deployment is facilitated under the trans-European telecommunications networks programme.

Selected TERN projects 
Øresund Bridge, Denmark & Sweden (1992-1994)
Sidcup Bypass, London, United Kingdom (1985)
M25 motorway upgrades, UK (1985)
M20 motorway upgrades, UK (1986, 1989)
E-18 (Nordic Triangle) route in Finland (1995-2001)
A6 extensions in Germany (1997)
A43 improvements in Maurienne, France (1998)
A8 autobahn, Germany (2000)
N-340 from Cádiz to Barcelona via Málaga, Spain (2001)
A1 and A2 (east-west) motorways, Greece (1990-2004)
Ireland-UK-Benelux Link

Projects of common interest 

In addition to specific priority axes and projects, projects of common interest form a common objective, the implementation of which depends on their degree of maturity and the availability of financial resources. Any project is of common interest which fulfils the criteria established in Article 7 of Decision 661/2010/EU.

References

See also
European routes

Trans-European Transport Network
International road networks
Road transport in Europe