omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Shimano Alfine. Alfine is a comfort and urban oriented product series by Shimano. It is mainly known for internally geared hubs, but includes also hydraulic disc brakes and levers, chain tensioners, dynamo hubs, cranksets, shift levers, and complete wheels.

Alfine 500

The Alfine 500 group, first introduced at Eurobike in 2006, included the epicyclic hub gear SG-S500. The internal mechanical design of the gear hub was based on that of the Shimano Nexus Inter 8, with two stepped planetary series, 5th gear being 1:1 direct drive, thus offering 8 speeds with percent intervals of 22,16,14,18,22,16,14, and an overall gear range of 307%, yet in a more attractive design than the Nexus, with better seals allowing slightly greater ruggedness, more attractive auxiliary components such as e.g. a ratcheting trigger shifter similar to the high-end Shimano derailleur shifters, and a hub shell with splines for mounting a disc brake rotor of the center lock standard. These mechanisms are grease-lubricated.

For 2013 a new 505 model is being offered with Di2 electronic shifting.

Alfine 700
Alfine 700 is an internal epicyclic hub gear for bicycles, manufactured by Shimano since 2010. The 700 has 11 speeds, with intervals of approximately 29% for the first to second gear gap, and 13% - 14% for the other gears, resulting in an overall gear range of 409%. There is no direct drive 1:1 gear. It is operated by a single ratcheting trigger shifter with two-way release. When introduced it had a claimed weight of approximately 1600g without auxiliary components (bolts, actuator, cog, wire, shifter). Production models appeared to have a somewhat beefed up design. The internal mechanisms comprise three stepped planetary series in a sealed oil bath, for greater power transfer efficiency.

For 2013 a new 705 model is being offered with Di2 electronic shifting. This version differs slightly from the 700 model and requires a motor unit with a battery, and an electronic shifter. Shimano offers different styles of electronic shifters that fit a wider range of handlebars than the trigger shifter for the 700 model. It is not possible to use the motor unit or electronic shifters with the 700 model.

See also
 Comparison of hub gears
 Shimano Nexus

References

External links
Shimano Alfine product page

Hub gears
Products introduced in 2005
Products introduced in 2010
Epicyclical gearing
Direct materials cost. Direct materials cost  the cost of direct materials which can be easily identified with the unit of production. For example, the cost of glass is a direct materials cost in light bulb manufacturing.

The manufacture of products or goods requires material as the prime element. In general, these materials are divided into two categories. These categories are direct materials and indirect materials.

Direct materials are also called productive materials, raw materials, raw stock, stores and only materials without any descriptive title.

See also
Variance analysis (accounting)
Direct material total variance
Direct material price variance
Direct material usage variance

References 

Costs
Remus Răduleț. Remus Bazilius Răduleț (May 3, 1904 – February 6, 1984) was a Romanian electrical engineer, who contributed to the development of the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary and theoretical electrotechnology. He was a titular member of the Romanian Academy and served as president of the International Electrotechnical Commission from 1964 to 1967.

Biography
He was born in 1904 in Brădeni (then in Austria-Hungary, now in Sibiu County, Romania), the son of the priest Vasile Răduleț and his wife, Ana Răduleț. He attended elementary school in Berivoi and Sighișoara, and then studied at Radu Negru High School in Făgăraș from 1919 to 1923. He studied electromechanical engineering at the Politehnica University of Timișoara, then at ETH Zurich. He coordinated the writing of the Romanian Technical Lexicon, a vast multilingual technical encyclopedia. This activity enabled him to contribute to the international standardized vocabulary of electrotechnology.

Răduleț was elected corresponding member of the Romanian Academy in 1955, and titular member in 1963. He died in Bucharest in 1984.

Works
Lexiconul tehnic român, 18 volumes, 1948
Bazele Electrotehnicii, 1966

Notes

References
C. de Sabata, I. Muntean, Remember Profesori ai Școalei Politehnice Timișorene, Helicon publisher, 1993

1904 births
1984 deaths
Romanian electrical engineers
Titular members of the Romanian Academy
Politehnica University of Timișoara alumni
Academic staff of the Politehnica University of Timișoara
Academic staff of the Politehnica University of Bucharest
People from Sibiu County
ETH Zurich alumni
Radu Negru National College alumni
Microtask. Microtask was a Finnish technology company founded by Ville Miettinen, Harri Holopainen, Otto Chrons and Panu Wilska in 2009 to create a technology platform for crowdsourcing and distributed work. The company went bankrupt 2021.

The company was headquartered in Helsinki, and had offices in Tampere and San Francisco.

Microtask was selected as one of the finalists of the Nordic Tech Tour 2010.

Products

Microtask Platform is a software platform for global distribution of short-duration tasks to online workers. The system supports automated quality assurance and provides service-level agreements for task quality and turnaround times. The most notable use case for such tasks has been human-assisted optical character recognition.

People

CEO Ville Miettinen and Managing Director Harri Holopainen were co-founders of Hybrid Graphics, a Finnish graphics technology company acquired by NVIDIA in 2006. CTO Otto Chrons was the co-founder and CTO of Ionific (merged with Botnia Hightech and acquired by Sasken Communication Technologies).

The company is funded by private investors and the venture fund Sunstone Capital, which is represented by board member Nikolaj Nyholm, a Danish serial technology entrepreneur and investor.

Customers

The National Library of Finland uses the Microtask Platform for outsourcing its digitization work to volunteers.

References

External links
Official Microtask Website

Crowdsourcing
Outsourcing companies
Software companies of Finland
Software companies established in 2009
Finnish companies established in 2009
Slovenija ceste Tehnika. Slovenija ceste Tehnika (SCT) was the biggest construction company in Slovenia. From 1974 until May 2011, its managing director was Ivan Zidar. In June 2011, the company entered into receivership proceedings that lasted until 2015.

References

External links
 Homepage of SCT

Construction and civil engineering companies of Slovenia
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1974
1974 establishments in Slovenia
AN/ALQ-135. The AN/ALQ-135 is an electronic countermeasure (ECM) jamming system produced by Northrop Grumman for the Tactical Electronic Warfare Suite (TEWS) on F-15 Eagle and F-15E Strike Eagle aircraft. The system can jam and track multiple anti-aircraft missiles in addition to other threats. During the Gulf War, the AN/ALQ-135 logged more than 6,600 hours of combat, yet no aircraft were lost to a threat the system protects against.

Development
Since the 1970s, the AN/ALQ-135 system has been a component of F-15 aircraft. The system has been continually upgraded. These upgrades include processor upgrades, durability upgrades, and weight reduction. Now the system is installed on more than 500 F-15s. The band 3 system was first installed in 1988. The band 1.5 system was first installed in F-15s in 2000.

During the late 2010s, the ALQ-135 was to be replaced by the AN/ALQ-250 Eagle Passive/Active Warning and Sustainment System (EPAWSS).

System Information
The modern system consists of five components of band 1.5 and band 3 equipment to cover the full spectrum of threats. The AN/ALQ-135 (v) system consists of the B3 RF Amplifier, B3 Control/Oscillator,  B1.5 RF Amplifier, B1.5 Control/Oscillator, and the LRU-14.

The band 1.5 and band 3 equipment share 70% of their hardware. This means that logistics and maintenance are more easily performed. The band 1.5 and band 3 systems can jam both high band and low band threats.

Variants
AN/ALQ-135D
Used by F-15E Strike Eagle
AN/ALQ-135M
Used by F-15K Slam Eagle

See also

 List of military electronics of the United States
 AN/ALQ-99
 AN/ALQ-144

References

External links
NorthropGrumman.com - AN/ALQ-135(V) (archived)
NorthropGrumman.com - AN/ALQ-135M (archived)

Electronic countermeasures
Electronic warfare equipment
Military electronics of the United States
Military equipment introduced in the 1970s
Shavetail. Shavetail was an experimental American rocket developed during the 1950s. Used to evaluate the rapidly developing technology of rocketry, eleven Shavetail rockets were fired during 1959.

Design and development
Intended to assist in the development of rocket and missile technologies, Shavetail was a small, inexpensive, unguided solid-fueled rocket that was capable of being modified to be tested in various configurations. Among the systems tested was one to ensure precise payload separation at motor burnout.

Operational history
A series of eleven launches of the Shavetail rocket were conducted in late 1959, starting in August and ending in October. The maximum range of Shavetail was .

References

Notes

Bibliography

Experimental rockets of the United States
Cold War rockets of the United States
Disc Description Protocol. Disc Description Protocol (DDP) is a format for specifying the content of optical discs, including CDs and DVDs.

DDP is commonly used for delivery of disc premasters for duplication. DDP is a proprietary format and is the property of DCA. The file format specification is not freely available.

The DDP must contain 4 parts:
 Audio image(s) (.DAT file(s))
 DDP Identifier (DDPID)
 DDP Stream descriptor (DDPMS)
 Subcode descriptor (PQDESCR) 

An optional text file, containing the track titles and timings, can also be included.

Software

Windows PC:
Adobe Encore
Cockos Reaper
DCA Viper
DDP Mastering Tools (command line)
Eclipse Image Encoder
Gear Pro Mastering
HOFA CD Burn & DDP
Magix Sequoia
Merging Pyramix
PreSonus Studio One Professional
SADiE
Sonoris DDP Creator
Steinberg WaveLab

macOS:
Triumph Mastering Suite
Adobe Encore×
Audiofile Engineering Triumph (previously Wave Editor)
Audiofile Triumph
Cockos Reaper
DDP Mastering Tools (command line)
DSP-Quattro
HOFA CD Burn & DDP
PreSonus Studio One Professional
Sonic Studio soundBlade and PMCD
Sonoris DDP Creator for Mac
Steinberg WaveLab

Linux:
DDP Mastering Tools (command line)

See also 
 PMCD

References 

Optical disc authoring
Dexter's Laboratory: Robot Rampage. Dexter's Laboratory: Robot Rampage is an action video game published by Bay Area Multimedia for the Game Boy Color and released in the United States on November 28, 2000. It is a graphically redesigned version of the game Elevator Action EX, also developed by Altron, with characters from the American animated television series Dexter's Laboratory from Cartoon Network.

Plot
As a part of the Mandark's ongoing quarrel with Dexter, he decides to reprogram Dexter's robots and destroy his lab in the process. Forced to save it, Dexter has to rush to the lab in an attempt to find the deprogramming codes and defeat the enemies along the way.

Gameplay

In Robot Rampage, there are 16 levels with similar designs. Each of them puts the player in a tall building that is full of doors, elevators and escalators. All the doors come in three variants: basic (where Dexter can not go inside), box-marked (with weapons and health pick-ups), and lab door (contains a part of the code that is supposed to stop the robots). The player, as Dexter, runs through different levels via elevators, elevator shafts, small cars, ledges, and doors while battling robots with an assortment of weapons. Three different Dexter suits are available, though they have no effect on gameplay. Each stage ends with the player facing a line of enemies.

Reception

Jeff Gerstmann of GameSpot gave the game a 6.9/10 in his review, complimenting it for its use of classic Elevator Action gameplay. IGN editor Marc Nix gave the game a 7/10, praising the game's improvements to the original, such as the added puzzles and life bar, but criticizing the game's lackluster stage endings. Nintendo Power rated the game 3 out of 5 stars.

References

External links
 

2000 video games
BAM! Entertainment games
Game Boy Color games
Video games based on Dexter's Laboratory
Game Boy Color-only games
Platformers
Video games about robots
Video games developed in Japan
Video games set in laboratories
Cartoon Network video games
Single-player video games
Virtualization for aggregation. Virtualization for aggregation combines physical servers and their memory and CPU power to create a single, large virtual machine. 

Virtualization for aggregation is the opposite of traditional server virtualization, which partitions a single physical system so that multiple OSes can be run on the hardware. The technology is primarily used to run compute-intensive applications on a virtual symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) system, and can benefit users who want to provide very large memory and capacity resources for high-performance computing (HPC) needs without having to invest in proprietary SMP systems, which are beyond the reach of many users.

References 

Hardware virtualization
Autometric. Autometric Inc. was a company spun out of Paramount Pictures to work with early satellite imagery. Early successes at Autometric included the invention of the Chromatron, which was subsequently sold to Sony and used prior to developing the Trinitron. Autometric created image analysis software for representing imagery of the earth, cataloging, and image analysis and developed early orthophotographic hardware and methodology. Raytheon subsequently acquired the company and transitioned its product focus to military and intelligence projects as the Autometric Operation of Raytheon. In a few years, Autometric split off from Raytheon becoming independent. 

Autometric's nominally successful products included Wings Mission Rehearsal, Edge Whole Earth, Spatial Query Server and DataMaster. Wings and Edge were direct predecessors to Google Earth.  Bob Cowling, the Director of Product Engineering at Autometric, was the primary developer of Wings. Wings was a mission rehearsal product draping imagery over terrain.  With advances learned from that experience, Bob built a globe which led to the formation of Edge Whole Earth.  Edge was used to develop graphics for National Geographic, CBS Evening News, and the motion picture "Shadow Conspiracy." The success of Edge led to several smaller spin offs, including Edge Development Option.  Many of the engineers working on Edge Development Option, went to work for Keyhole, Inc. helping to create what is now Google Earth.

After a series of management blunders and near bankruptcies, Boeing Inc. purchased the company at the end of 2000 as part of the Future Imagery Architecture. Unfortunately, the Future Imagery Architecture became the most spectacular and expensive failure in the 50-year history of American spy satellite projects. Since the F.I.A. debacle, the National Reconnaissance Office has banned Boeing from bidding on new spy satellite contracts. Within ten years, Boeing management shelved all of Automatic's products and removed all references to the company and its products from Boeing websites.

References

Remote sensing companies
Photography companies of the United States
OMEGA process. The OMEGA process ("Only MEG Advantage") is a chemical process discovered by the Shell Global Solutions company that is used to produce ethylene glycol from ethylene. This process comprises two steps, the controlled oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide, and the net hydrolysis of ethylene oxide to monoethylene glycol (MEG). The first chemical plant using the OMEGA process was started in South Korea. Subsequent OMEGA plants have been started in Saudi Arabia and Singapore. Shell claims that this process, compared to conventional ones, does not produce higher glycols, uses less steam and water, and generates less waste.

Ethylene oxidation
To produce ethylene oxide, ethylene is oxidized with dioxygen in the presence of a silver catalyst. Some ethylene is over-oxidized to carbon dioxide and water, which is wasteful; early processes only gave ~ 65% selectivity for ethylene oxide as a result. In the OMEGA process, over-oxidation is reduced by including ethyl chloride as a moderator.

Ethylene oxide hydrolysis
Conventionally, monoethylene glycol (HOC2H4OH) is produced by the controlled hydrolysis of ethylene oxide (C2H4O). The monoethylene glycol product is also able to react with ethylene oxide to give diethylene glycol, and so on; sequential reaction with ethylene oxide is how poly(ethylene glycol) is produced. Due to monoethylene glycol's high boiling point, purification by distillation is energy intensive.

 C2H4O + H2O → HOC2H4OH

In the OMEGA process, the ethylene oxide  reacts with carbon dioxide (CO2) to yield ethylene carbonate (C3H4O3). Ethylene carbonate is subsequently hydrolyzed to monoethylene glycol and carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide is released in this step again and can be fed back into the process circuit. This process is 99.5% selective for monoethylene glycol.

 C2H4O + CO2 → C3H4O3
 C3H4O3 + H2O → HOC2H4OH + CO2

This part of the OMEGA process was originally developed by Mitsubishi Chemicals, and it has been exclusively licensed to Shell.

See also
 Carbonate ester

References 

Chemical processes
Carbonate esters
Diols
Rajiv Gandhi College of Engineering, Research and Technology, Chandrapur. Rajiv Gandhi College of Engineering, Research and Technology (RCERT), formerly Chandrapur Engineering College (CEC), is an engineering institute located in Chandrapur, Maharashtra, India. It is managed by the Sardar Patel Memorial Society(Trust). It is affiliated to Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University.

History 
The college was established in 1983 by late Shri Shantaramji Potdukhe. It started with five branches and 180 seats. It now has 520 seats intake in seven branches and a postgraduate course in three branches. The college is accredited by NAAC, Banglore.

It now has 520 intake in 7 branches and PG course in three disciplines.

Courses 
The Undergraduate courses offered by the college are:
 B. Tech.- Civil Engineering (Intake:60)
 B.Tech. - Computer Science and Engineering (Intake:120)
 B.Tech. - Electronics and Communication Engineering (Intake:60)
 B.Tech. - Electrical Engineering (Intake:60)
 B.Tech. - Mechanical Engineering (Intake:90)
 B.Tech. - Mining Engineering (Intake:60)

The Postgraduate courses offered by the college are: 
 M.Tech. (Computer Science & Engg.) (Intake:18)
 M.Tech. (Energy Management System) (Intake:18)
 M.Tech. (CAD/CAM) (Intake:18)

The Doctoral Courses (Ph.D.) offered by the college in various Subjects are:
 Civil Engineering
 Electrical Engineering
 Mechanical Engineering
 Mining Engineering
 Electronics Engineering
 Applied Chemistry
 Applied Physics
 Applied Mathematics

Admissions 
Admission criteria are based on the MHT-CET / JEE-Main rankings.

Library 
The library has attained membership of DELNET (Developing Library Network) which enables students/staff to access the books/journals of the libraries of hundreds of colleges including NT. They can also avail themselves of the ILL (Inter Library Loan) facility to borrow books from other colleges libraries. The digital library facility gives access to journals for research. The IEEE journals and papers are also available to be downloaded as e-resources. The library features a 'book bank' facility which is partly funded by the State Government. It enables a student to hire a complete set of books for a given year for a nominal rent. SC/ST students are provided books free of cost. There is a reading room for books . The library also has a section of reference books and Periodicals/Journals. The library is well automated.

Professional Affiliations 
The college is a member of the Indian Society for Technical Education (ISTE) and of the Institution of Engineers (IEI).

References 

Engineering colleges in Maharashtra
Chandrapur
Educational institutions established in 1983
1983 establishments in Maharashtra
Methyl azide. Methyl azide is an organic compound with the formula . It is a white solid and it is the simplest organic azide.

Preparation and properties 
Methyl azide can be prepared by the methylation of sodium azide, for instance with dimethyl sulfate in alkaline solution, followed by passing through a tube of anhydrous calcium chloride or sodium hydroxide to remove contaminating hydrazoic acid. The first synthesis was reported in 1905. 

Decomposition to a nitrene is a first-order reaction:

The product, like its notional tautomer methanimine, polymerizes at room temperature.

Methyl azide might be a potential precursor in the synthesis of prebiotic molecules via nonequilibrium reactions on interstellar ices initiated by energetic galactic cosmic rays (GCR) and photons.

Safety precautions
Methyl azide is stable at ambient temperature but may explode when heated or disturbed. Presence of mercury increases the sensitivity to shock and spark. It is incompatible with methanol and dimethyl malonate. When heated to decomposition, it emits toxic fumes of . It can be stored indefinitely in the dark at −80 °C.

References

External links
 
 

Organoazides
Explosive chemicals
Substances discovered in the 1900s
Methyl compounds
SRAM i-Motion. The SRAM i-Motion series of products is a sport, urban, and trekking oriented product series developed and manufactured by SRAM Corporation. Branded i-Motion are internally geared hubs, shift levers, and dynamo hubs. Related to the i-Motion series are also changeable free or fixed single speed hubs, hybrid epicyclic and derailleur gear hubs, and hydraulic disc brakes. The i-Motion series of products were developed at SRAMs Schweinfurt R&D and manufacturing plant in Germany, formerly of Sachs.

Products
i-Motion 9 - This hub gear has nine speeds in percentage increments of 14,17,17...17,14, offering an overall range of 340%. The coaster-brake version weighs 2400 grams, while the non-brake integrated versions weigh just under 2000 grams. This product was discontinued in 2012, and replaced with the SRAM G8.

i-Motion 3 - The 3 has similar gear ratios as the Shimano Nexus three speed hubs, 36% intervals and an overall range of 186%. 

Feb 17 2017 SRAM announced End of Life on i-Motion 3 Hubs: https://www.bicycleretailer.com/international/2017/02/15/sram-ends-sales-internal-gear-hubs#.X2Z27pNKh0s

Feb 25 2019 SRAM announced a recall on i-3 Motion hubs (coaster brake version) due to braking issues: https://www.bicycling.com/news/a26521411/sram-recall-internal-gear-hubs/#:~:text=The%20company's%20i%2DMotion%203,resulting%20in%20a%20minor%20injury.

References

Hub gears
SRAM Corporation
Products introduced in 2005