omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
USS Skill (MSO-471). USS Skill (MSO-471) was an  acquired by the U.S. Navy for the task of removing mines that had been placed in the water to prevent the safe passage of ships.

Skill was the second U.S. Navy vessel of that name. It was an ocean minesweeper, laid down by Luders Marine Construction Co., Stamford, Connecticut, on 17 August 1953 under the designation AM-471; redesignated MSO-471 on 7 February 1955; launched on 3 April 1955; sponsored by Mrs. John C. Niedermair; and commissioned on 7 November 1955.

Atlantic Ocean operations 
Skill conducted shakedown training off the Atlantic coast before reporting for duty with the Mine Force, Atlantic Fleet, at Charleston, South Carolina, on 19 December 1955.

During her 15 years of active service with the Navy, the minesweeper served with the Atlantic and 6th Fleets. She operated out of Charleston throughout her career, when not deployed to the Mediterranean. Skill operated with the 6th Fleet in the "middle sea" in 1956, 1957, 1958, 1960, 1962, 1964, 1966, and 1968. Skill participated in the recovery effort of the 1966 Palomares B-52 crash in early 1966. In late May 1968, during the return voyage from her last Mediterranean deployment, Skill participated in the unsuccessful search for the nuclear submarine, .

Decommissioning 
Skill spent all of 1969 around Charleston, South Carolina, and most of it at the Detyens Shipyard being repaired. Skill was finally decommissioned and placed in reserve in October 1970. She was berthed at Beaumont, Texas, as a unit of the Atlantic Reserve Fleet until sold for scrap by the Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service on 1 April 1979.

Notes

References

External links 
 USS Skill (MSO 471) Crew List
 USS Skill (MSO-471) 
 USS Skill (MSO-471) Unit Pages
 Scrapped MSO's

Aggressive-class minesweepers
Ships built in Stamford, Connecticut
1955 ships
Vietnam War mine warfare vessels of the United States
Microoptomechanical systems. Microoptomechanical systems (MOMS), also written as micro-optomechanical systems, are a special class of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) which use optical and mechanical, but not electronic components.

See also
Microoptoelectromechanical systems (MOEMS)
Nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS)

References

Microtechnology
Microlithography. Microlithography is a general name for any  manufacturing process that can create a minutely patterned thin film of protective materials over a substrate, such as a silicon wafer, in order to protect selected areas of it during subsequent etching, deposition, or implantation operations.
The term is normally used for processes that can reliably produce features of microscopic size, such as 10 micrometres or less. The term nanolithography may be used to designate processes that can produce nanoscale features, such as less than 100 nanometres.

Microlithography is a microfabrication process that is extensively used in the semiconductor industry and also manufacture microelectromechanical systems.

Processes

Specific microlithography processes include:

 Photolithography using light projected on a photosensitive material film (photoresist).
 Electron beam lithography, using a steerable electron beam.
 Nanoimprinting
 Interference lithography
 Magnetolithography
 Scanning probe lithography
 Surface-charge lithography
 Diffraction lithography

These processes differ in speed and cost, as well as in the material they can be applied to and the range of feature sizes they can produce.  For instance, while the size of features achievable with photolithography is limited by the wavelength of the light used, the technique it is considerably faster and simpler than electron beam lithography, that can achieve much smaller ones.

Applications
The main application for microlithography is fabrication of integrated circuits ("electronic chips"), such as solid-state memories and microprocessors. They can also be used to create diffraction gratings, microscope calibration grids, and other flat structures with microscopic details.

See also

 Printed circuit board

References

Integrated circuits
Lithography (microfabrication)
World Trade International Bridge. The  World Trade International Bridge  is one of four international bridges located in the cities of Laredo, Texas, and Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, that connect the United States and Mexico over the  Rio Grande (Río Bravo).  It is owned and operated by City of Laredo and the Secretaría de Comunicaciones y Transportes (Mexico's federal Secretariat of Communication and Transportation).  It is also known as Laredo International Bridge 4.

History
The World Trade International Bridge's construction started on September 30, 1998, and the bridge was completed on April 15, 2000. The international bridge was named in honor of a free World Trade market, because international trade is one of the key components to the Laredo / Nuevo Laredo economies. The World Trade International Bridge was built to alleviate traffic congestion in Interstate 35 south through Laredo, Texas since most commercial traffic could only cross through the one lane dedicated to commercial vehicles at Juarez-Lincoln International Bridge or the further north Colombia-Solidarity International Bridge in Nuevo León.

Description
The World Trade International Bridge is a fourteen-lane bridge. The bridge is  long and  wide. The international bridge is for commercial traffic only. The bridge is also known as Laredo North, Bridge 4, Laredo IV, Puente Internacional Nuevo Laredo III and Puente del Comercio Mundial Nuevo Laredo III.

The World Trade International Bridge is Nuevo Laredo's third international bridge and Laredo's fourth since Laredo's third (Laredo International Bridge 3) is located at the Nuevo León/Texas border.

Plans
The City of Laredo was talking to the Mexican Government about expanding the World Trade International Bridge by adding nine more lanes by 2012, in order to cut down delays of the movement of goods.

Location
This bridge is located at the western termini of Interstate 69W, U.S. Route 59, and Loop 20 in Laredo, Texas. It is also in north Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas at the Mexican Federal Highway 85D's northern terminus.

Border crossing

The Laredo World Trade Port of Entry was built in 2000 in an effort to relieve traffic from the congested downtown Laredo bridges.  All of Laredo's cross-border commercial vehicle traffic uses this Port of Entry, as the other Laredo bridges prohibit trucks.  Passenger vehicles and pedestrians are not permitted to use this crossing.

See also

References

External links
 World Trade International Bridge Webcam (American Side)
 World Trade International Bridge Webcam (Mexican Side) 
 Expansion of the World Trade International Bridge
 Statistical Data 

International bridges in Laredo, Texas
International bridges in Tamaulipas
Toll bridges in Texas
Tolled sections of Interstate Highways
Nuevo Laredo
Road bridges in Texas
Toll bridges in Mexico
Interstate 69
U.S. Route 59
Bridges on the Interstate Highway System
Bridges of the United States Numbered Highway System
Box girder bridges in the United States
Bridges completed in 2000
2000 establishments in Mexico
2000 establishments in Texas
Monte Alto photovoltaic power plant. The Monte Alto photovoltaic power plant in Spain has a generating capacity of 9.55 megawatts peak (MWp) and will generate 14 million kilowatt-hours of electricity per annum.  It cost 65 million euros [US$87 million].

The installation covers an area of 51 hectares on agricultural land near the locality of Milagro (Navarre) and contains 889 solar structures, of which 864 are equipped with automated solar tracking. The rest are fixed structures adapted to the relief of the terrain.

In five years Acciona Energy has developed seven "solar gardens" in Navarre with a total capacity of 20 MWp, and another two are under construction in Castilla-La Mancha. Overall, the company's installed capacity is 23 megawatts (MW), through the approximately 3,000 automated solar monitoring structures, and represents a total investment of 177 million euros [US$236 million] shared among more than 2,000 owners. The yield from these investments is somewhere between 8 and 10% and the payback of the investment is estimated at around 10 years.

See also

Photovoltaics
Renewable energy in the European Union
Solar power in Spain

References

Photovoltaic power stations in Spain
Transient state. In systems theory, a system is said to be transient or in a transient state when a process variable or variables have been changed and the system has not yet reached a steady state. In electrical engineering, the time taken for an electronic circuit to change from one steady state to another steady state is called the transient time.

Examples

Chemical Engineering
When a chemical reactor is being brought into operation, the concentrations, temperatures, species compositions, and reaction rates are changing with time until operation reaches its nominal process variables.

Electrical engineering 
When a switch is closed in an electrical circuit containing a capacitor or inductor, the component draws out the resulting change in voltage or current, causing the system to take a substantial amount of time to reach a new steady state. This period of time is known as the transient state.

A capacitor acts as a short circuit immediately after the switch is closed, increasing its impedance during the transient state until it acts as an open circuit in its steady state.

An inductor is the opposite, behaving as an open circuit until reaching a short circuit steady state.

See also

Attractor
Carrying capacity
Control theory
Dynamical system
Ecological footprint
Economic growth
Engine test stand
Equilibrium point
List of types of equilibrium
Evolutionary economics
Growth curve
Herman Daly
Homeostasis
Lead-lag compensator
Limit cycle
Limits to Growth
Population dynamics
Race condition
Simulation
State function
Steady state
Steady state economy
Steady State theory
Systems theory
Thermodynamic equilibrium
Transient modelling
Transient response

References

Chemical process engineering
Electrical engineering
Systems theory
Control theory
Transient (civil engineering). In civil engineering, a transient is a short-lived pressure wave. A common example is water hammer.

Transients are often misunderstood and not accounted for in the design of water distribution systems, thus contributing to hydraulic element failures, such as pipe breaks and pump/valve failures.

Vasoelastic transient flow involves sudden changes in flow properties in VE pipes, leading to potential damage

The transient in electrical circuits is different.

External links
 Journal of Applied Fluid Transients (JAFT)

References 

Hydraulic engineering
Terror by Satellite. Terror by Satellite is a juvenile science fiction novel, the seventh in Hugh Walters' Chris Godfrey of U.N.E.X.A. series. It was published in 1964, in the UK by Faber and in the US by Criterion Books. It was later published in Portugal by Galeria Panorama, as Pânico no satélite.

Plot summary
Tony Hale, skilled engineer and amateur radio ham, smuggles a home-made transceiver on board an Earth-orbiting satellite during his tour of duty.  This proves invaluable as the commander of the satellite, Hendriks, is a megalomaniac and demands to be made 'Dictator of the World'. To back up this demand, he begins destroying swathes of the Earth's surface using a radiation beam. The only secure link between the Earth and the satellite is Tony's radio.

External links

Terror by Satellite page

1964 British novels
1964 science fiction novels
Chris Godfrey of U.N.E.X.A. series
Faber & Faber books
Network traffic. Network traffic or data traffic is the amount of data moving across a network at a given point of time. Network data in computer networks is mostly encapsulated in network packets, which provide the load in the network. Network traffic is the main component for network traffic measurement, network traffic control and simulation.

 Network traffic control - managing, prioritizing, controlling or reducing the network traffic
 Network traffic measurement - measuring the amount and type of traffic on a particular network
 Network traffic simulation - to measure the efficiency of a communications network
 Traffic generation model - is a stochastic model of the traffic flows or data sources in a communication computer network.

Proper analysis of network traffic provides the organization with the network security as a benefit - unusual amount of traffic in a network is a possible sign of an attack. Network traffic reports provide valuable insights into preventing such attacks.

Traffic volume 

Traffic volume is a measure of the total work done by a resource or facility, normally over 24 hours, and is measured in units of erlang-hours. It is defined as the product of the average traffic intensity and the time period of the study.

Traffic volume = Traffic intensity × time

A traffic volume of one erlang-hour can be caused by two circuits being occupied continuously for half an hour or by a circuit being half occupied (0.5 erlang) for a period of two hours. Telecommunication operators are vitally interested in traffic volume, as it directly dictates their revenue.

References 

Networks
Cherry Logan Emerson (chemist). Cherry Logan Emerson, Jr. (September 30, 1916 – April 29, 2007) was an American chemical engineer, businessman, and philanthropist.

Life
Cherry Logan Emerson, Jr. was born in 1916 and grew up in Atlanta, Georgia. He was the son of Cherry Logan Emerson, Sr., the dean of engineering at the Georgia Tech, and the grandson of William Henry Emerson, Georgia Tech's first dean. As a child, Emerson had a talent for mathematics, foreshadowing a career in science and engineering.

Despite his father and grandfather's affiliations with Georgia Tech, Emerson chose instead to attend Emory University in Atlanta, earning both a B.A. (1938) and M.A. (1939) in chemistry. He went on to earn an M.S. in chemical engineering at MIT under the tutelage of Warren K. Lewis. During this time, Emerson courted Lewis' daughter, Mary, and the two were married in 1942.

After graduating from MIT, Emerson founded the Emerson & Cuming Company in 1948 with his partner, William Cuming. The two men grew the small Boston-based lab into a worldwide corporation before selling it in 1978. After doing so, Emerson returned to his hometown of Atlanta and began using his profits from the sale of Emerson & Cuming to engage in local philanthropy. He died in 2007.

Legacy
Emerson is honored in a number of capacities at his alma mater of Emory University. The Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, founded in 1991, bears his name, as does Cherry Logan Emerson Hall, a campus building that houses research programs in chemistry. Additionally, the Cherry Logan Emerson Concert Hall was named after Emerson in honor of his $1 million donation in 2002.

Emerson's donations funded two endowed professorships at Emory University: the Mary L. Emerson Chair of Piano Studies, named after his wife, and the William Henry Emerson Chair of Chemistry, named after his grandfather.

References

External links
 Biography of Cherry Logan Emerson, Jr.
 Emerson & Cuming

20th-century American chemists
Businesspeople from Atlanta
1916 births
2007 deaths
Emory University alumni
MIT School of Engineering alumni
20th-century American philanthropists
20th-century American businesspeople
Carbon tetrachloride (data page). This page provides supplementary chemical data on carbon tetrachloride.

Material Safety Data Sheet  

The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommend that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS) for this chemical from a reliable source such as SIRI, and follow its directions. MSDS for carbon tetrachloride is available at Fisher Scientific.

Structure and properties

Thermodynamic properties

Vapor pressure of liquid

Table data obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 47th ed. Note that "(s)" annotation indicates equilibrium temperature of vapor over solid. Otherwise the temperature is equilibrium of vapor over liquid.

Distillation data

Spectral data

References

 

Chemical data pages
Chemical data pages cleanup
OMII-UK. OMII-UK is an open-source software organisation for the UK research community.

OMII-UK have a number of roles within the UK research community: helping new users get started with E-research, providing the software that is needed and developing, that software if it does not exist. OMII-UK also help to guide the development of E-research by liaising with national and international organisations, e-Research groups, standards' groups, and the researchers themselves.

Funding
OMII-UK is funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) and Jisc.

Project partners
OMII-UK is a collaboration between three bodies:

 the School of Electronics and Computer Science at the University of Southampton
 the Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA)-DAI project at the National e-Science Centre and EPCC
 the myGrid project at the School of Computer Science at the University of Manchester

Project history
The OMII (Open Middleware Infrastructure Institute) started at the University of Southampton in January 2004. In January 2006, the Southampton group joined forces with the established myGrid and OGSA-DAI projects to form OMII-UK - an integral part of the UK e-Science programme.

See also
 e-Science
 Open Grid Forum (OGF)
 Job Submission Description Language (JSDL)
 Business Process Execution Language (BPEL)

External links
OMII-UK

Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
Grid computing
Information technology management
Jisc
Middleware
LSG. LSG can refer to:
LSG (band), an R&B group
L.S.G., a Techno-Trance project by Oliver Lieb
LSG Sky Chefs, an airline catering company
Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy, a surgical weight-loss procedure
League of Saint George, a far right group
Loss of Strength Gradient, used in the context of military might; a theory that strength declines as distance increases
Louisiana State Guard, the state defense force of Louisiana
Virgo Supercluster, the Local Supercluster of galaxies
Landing Ship Gantry a US Navy World war 2 type ship
Karl Koch Steel Consulting. Karl Koch Steel Consulting is a steel construction firm, based in Oyster Bay, New York.  The company was established in the 1950s as Karl Koch Erecting Company, Inc., of Carteret, New Jersey.  The Karl Koch Erecting Company was hired by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey as one of the companies to supply steel for construction of the World Trade Center.  The company was also hired to do all the work of erecting the steel at the construction site.

References

External links
 Karl Koch Steel Consulting (official site)

Construction and civil engineering companies of the United States
Strainer bar. A strainer bar is used to construct a wooden stretcher frame used by artists to mount their canvases. They are traditionally a wooden framework support on which an artist fastens a piece of canvas. They are also used for small-scale embroidery to provide steady tension, affixing the edges of the fabric with push-pins or a staple gun before beginning to sew, and then removing it from the frame when the work is complete. Strainer bar frames are usually in the shape of a rectangle, although shaped canvases are also possible.

A stretcher frame constructed from strainer bars should not be confused with one constructed from stretcher bars. Strainer bars are fixed to one another with wood glue, nails or staples, often in conjunction. Strainer bar frames are often reinforced with other fixed elements such as corner and cross braces. These frames are not built to accommodate the insertion of tightening keys into their corners to further tighten the canvas stretched upon them as a stretcher bar frame would.

See also 
Stretcher bar

References 

Painting materials
WebMethods Glue. webMethods Glue is an enterprise web services platform from webMethods. It provides web services/SOAP capabilities to existing Java and C/C++ applications.

Developers use the Java-based product to add enterprise web services integration to legacy applications with reduced programming effort. It is an embeddable product (small footprint) that turns a non-web service application into one that exposes its functionality as a web services.
Similar to the open source Apache Axis, the Glue product provides a layer of web service interoperability with existing applications.

Product features
webMethods Glue features include:
 Little or no coding to expose application functionality as a web service
 Standalone operation if required (does not need an application server)
 Fast local messaging
 Transparent Java/XML integration
 Web services standards support
 Small memory footprint

Product history
Created by The Mind Electric, GLUE—as it was then named—was the company's flagship product. They released it in two forms: a free, unsupported "standard" version, and a company-supported but commercially licensed "professional" edition.

In September 2003 GLUE featured in a Microsoft Press book, Microsoft .NET and J2EE Interoperability Toolkit.

webMethods acquired the product as part of its merger with The Mind Electric. The merger resulted in rebranding the product with the webMethods prefix to become webMethods Glue.

The webMethods Glue product 6.5.x maintenance ended on May 31, 2010, and support ended a year later.

Release history
 GLUE 3.0 - Aug 2002 
 GLUE 4.0 - April 2003 
 GLUE 4.1 - June 2003

Technologies and standards
HTTP, Servlets, XML, SOAP, WSDL, and UDDI

References

Web services
Service-oriented architecture-related products
Relationship Management Application. Relationship Management Application (RMA) is a service provided by SWIFT to manage the business relationships between financial institutions.

RMA operates by managing which message types are permitted to be exchanged between users of a SWIFT service:
 the receiver specifies which message types are permitted, and sends this permission data to the sender,
 the sender checks the message type against the permission data before sending a message to the receiver.

RMA uses a SWIFTNet InterAct Store and Forward service to exchange the permission data between financial institutions.

RMA was initially scheduled for roll-out on the SWIFT FIN service as part of the SWIFTNet Phase 2 project in 2008.

References 

Banking technology
Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication
DBAG Class 422. The Class 422 is a series of four-car electric multiple units that are a derivative of the DBAG Class 423. The two inner cars in the set are designated as Class 432 vehicles.

History 
The units were commissioned by Deutsche Bahn in 2005. 78 units worth €343 million were built by Bombardier Transportation and Alstom and delivered between March 2008 and October 2010. They are now used in such places as like on the Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn which operate in cities like Köln and Düsseldorf as well as the Ruhr area.

Deutsche Bahn uses the units on the Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn network, unlike most S-Bahn Networks which use similar DBAG Class 423 trains. The inner carriages are called Class 432. Following a timetable change in December of 2019 the units are currently used exclusively on the S1, S4, S5 and S6 lines of the network.

Electric multiple units of Germany
15 kV AC multiple units
Bombardier Transportation multiple units
Alstom multiple units
Train-related introductions in 2008