omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
PPU. PPU may refer to:

Education
Palestine Polytechnic University, Hebron, West Bank
Patliputra University, Patna, India
Point Park University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, US

Science and technology
Physics processing unit, a microprocessor typically used for video games
Picture Processing Unit, the component which generates a video signal in the Nintendo Entertainment System
Power processing unit, a component responsible for regulating electrical power

Other uses
PPU (union), a defunct British pilots' union
Papun Airport, Papun, Myanmar (IATA airport code)
Peace Pledge Union, a British anti-war organisation
People's Protection Units, armed forces of the Kurdish Supreme Committee
Peoria and Pekin Union Railway, Illinois, US
Pirate Party of Ukraine, a political party
The Plastic People of the Universe, a Czech rock band
Price per unit
Prvi Partizan (Prvi Partizan zavod ad Užice), a Serbian ammunition manufacturer.

See also
GRE (disambiguation). GRE is the Graduate Record Examinations, a standardized test created and administered by the Educational Testing Service in the United States.

GRE may also refer to:

Organizations and enterprises
 GRE (company) (General Research of Electronics, Inc.), former Japanese electronics  manufacturer
 GRE Alpha, a lighting company
 Guardian Royal Exchange Assurance, former British insurance company

Science and technology
 Generic Routing Encapsulation, a type of tunnel used on routers
 Gradient recalled echo, or gradient echo, a type of magnetic resonance imaging sequence
 Glycpeptide resistant enterococci, also Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE), a bacterium resistant to antimicrobials

Sport
 Greece national football team (FIFA country code GRE)
 Greece at the Olympics (IOC country code GRE)
 Greenland, IIGA country code

Other uses
 Great Russian Encyclopedia
Ong Soh Khim. Ong Soh Khim () was a Nominated Member of Parliament (NMP) in Singapore from January 2005 to April 2006. She was appointed by Singapore’s President S R Nathan in December 2004.

Background

Born and raised in a working-class family in Singapore, Ong studied at Beatty Primary School, Ang Mo Kio Primary School and Ang Mo Kio Secondary School, and did her A levels at National Junior College from 1987 to 1988.

After enrolling at the National University of Singapore (NUS), Ong received her B.Eng. (Honours in Mechanical Engineering) in 1992. She was awarded her Ph.D. from NUS. She is currently an associate professor at the NUS Department of Mechanical Engineering. She was a member of the NUS Senate Delegacy until June 2013. Her field of study is manufacturing processes and technologies in the department's Manufacturing Division. She specializes in virtual manufacturing, augmented reality application in manufacturing and design.

Notable awards and recognition

IJPR Norman Dudley Award, September 2003.

Nominated Member of Parliament

Ong was appointed as a Nominated Member of Parliament (10th Parliament, Second Session) by the president of Singapore in December 2004. She has participated actively and has been vocal in issues such as corporatisation of public universities in Singapore, fee hikes in university education, casino debate, women's rights among others.

References

External links
Official website
Personal website

Profile on the website of Parliament of Singapore
SME awards Ong Soh Khim
Channel News Asia on Ong’s appointment
Ong conferred Singapore Youth Award 2004 for Science & Technology Category

Living people
Singaporean Nominated Members of Parliament
Singaporean engineers
Academic staff of the National University of Singapore
National Junior College alumni
National University of Singapore alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Fauve Software. Fauve Software was founded in 1992 by brothers Fred and Richard Krueger. It developed Matisse, a natural medium paint program, and XRes, a high-end image-manipulation program that was the basis for Macromedia Fireworks. 

It was acquired by Macromedia in 1995.

References 

Defunct software companies of the United States
Software companies established in 1992
Technology companies disestablished in 1995
Uniprocessor system. A uniprocessor system is defined as a computer system that has a single central processing unit that is used to execute computer tasks. As more and more modern software is able to make use of multiprocessing architectures, such as SMP and MPP, the term uniprocessor is therefore used to distinguish the class of computers where all processing tasks share a single CPU. As such, this kind of system uses a type of architecture that is based on a single computing unit. All operations (additions, multiplications, etc.) are thus done sequentially on the unit.

Further reading 

Parallel computing
Portable Batch System. Portable Batch System (or simply PBS) is the name of computer software that performs job scheduling. Its primary task is to allocate computational tasks, i.e., batch jobs, among the available computing resources.  It is often used in conjunction with UNIX cluster environments. 

PBS is supported as a job scheduler mechanism by several  meta schedulers including Moab by Adaptive Computing Enterprises and GRAM (Grid Resource Allocation Manager), a component of the Globus Toolkit.

History and versions 
PBS was originally developed for NASA under a contract project that began on June 17, 1991. The main contractor who developed the original code was MRJ Technology Solutions. MRJ was acquired by Veridian in the late 1990s. Altair Engineering acquired the rights to all the PBS technology and intellectual property from Veridian in 2003. Altair Engineering currently owns and maintains the intellectual property associated with PBS, and also employs the original development team from NASA.

The following versions of PBS are currently available:

 OpenPBS — original open source version released by MRJ in 1998.
 TORQUE — a fork of OpenPBS that is maintained by Adaptive Computing Enterprises, Inc. (formerly Cluster Resources, Inc.)
 PBS Professional (PBS Pro) — the version of PBS offered by Altair Engineering that is dual licensed under an open source and a commercial license. Note that the non-commercial offering is called OpenPBS, not to be confused with the outdated software originally released in 1998.

License
The license for PBS derived programs allows redistribution accompanied by information on how to obtain the source code and modifications, and requires an acknowledgement in any advertising clause mentioning use of the software (compare the BSD advertising clause). Prior to 2002, PBS and derivative programs (OpenPBS) prohibited commercial redistribution of the software, required registration at the OpenPBS website, and required attribution when PBS contributed to a published research project. These requirements, which did not meet  the Open Source Initiative's definition of open source, were set to expire on December 31, 2001.

Today, OpenPBS, the "community edition" of PBS Professional, is distributed under GNU Affero General Public License.

References

External links
 PBS Professional home page
 PBS Professional GitHub Project

Job scheduling
1998 software
Software using the GNU Affero General Public License
IBM Spectrum LSF. IBM Spectrum LSF (LSF, originally Platform Load Sharing Facility) is a workload management platform, job scheduler, for distributed high performance computing (HPC) by IBM.

Details
It can be used to execute batch jobs on networked Unix and Windows systems on many different architectures. LSF was based on the Utopia research project at the University of Toronto.

In 2007, Platform released Platform Lava, which is a simplified version of LSF based on an old version of LSF release, licensed under GNU General Public License v2. The project was discontinued in 2011, succeeded by OpenLava.

In January, 2012, Platform Computing was acquired by IBM. The product is now called IBM Spectrum LSF. 

IBM Spectrum LSF Community Edition is a no-charge community edition of the IBM Spectrum LSF workload management platform.

References

Also See
 Sun Grid Engine
 HTCondor

Job scheduling
Grid computing
Ville Contemporaine. The Ville contemporaine (, Contemporary City) was an unrealized utopian planned community intended to house three million inhabitants designed by the French-Swiss architect Le Corbusier in 1922.

Plan
The centerpiece of this plan was a group of sixty-story cruciform skyscrapers built on steel frames and encased in curtain walls of glass. The skyscrapers housed both offices and the flats of the most wealthy inhabitants. These skyscrapers were set within large, rectangular park-like green spaces.

At the center of the planned city was a transportation hub which housed depots for buses and trains as well as highway intersections and at the top, an airport.

Le Corbusier segregated the pedestrian circulation paths from the roadways, and glorified the use of the automobile as a means of transportation. As one moved out from the central skyscrapers, smaller multi-story zigzag blocks set in green space and set far back from the street housed the proletarian workers.

Critics
Robert Hughes spoke of Le Corbusier's city planning in his series The Shock of the New:
"...the car would abolish the human street, and possibly the human foot. Some people would have aeroplanes too.  The one thing no one would have is a place to bump into each other, walk the dog, strut, one of the hundred random things that people do ... being random was loathed by Le Corbusier ... its inhabitants surrender their freedom of movement to the omnipresent architect."

See also

Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow (concept)
Ville Radieuse

References

External links
Drawings at the Le Corbusier Foundation 

Le Corbusier
Unbuilt buildings and structures
Proposed skyscrapers
Architecture related to utopias
Donald Taylor (aviator). Donald P. Taylor (October 1, 1918 – December 2, 2015) was an American aviator, notable for being the first person in history in the late summer and early fall of 1976 to successfully fly a homebuilt aircraft around the world.

Career 
From an early age, he'd resolved "I will build an airplane, and I will fly it round-the-world."  His plane, Victoria '76 (named for the only one of Ferdinand Magellan's ships to complete her mission), a Lycoming-powered Thorp T-18 (N455DT) was fitted with improved communications and navigational equipment as well as a new fuel system after his initial 1973 round-the-world attempt had to be aborted due to bad weather between Japan and the Aleutian Islands. Taylor, who lived at the time in California, returned to his starting point of Oshkosh, Wisconsin a hero two months to the day after the August 1, 1976, start of his eastbound journey. The planning of this circumnavigation was especially complicated considering that both the People's Republic of China and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics were closed to U.S. general aviators at the time.

Taylor flew Victoria 76 to Australia and back in 1980. Taylor flew Victoria '76 to both the true North Pole and the Magnetic North Pole in 1984. Although the aircraft had a special heritage, he used "her" for routine transportation to-and-from his isolated ranch in the Southern California high semi-desert. In the early 1980s he had offered the T-18 to the Smithsonian Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C. for display, but he was unable to obtain a firm agreement from them to display her to the public as he wished. Instead, Victoria '76 is now on display at the Experimental Aircraft Association's AirVenture museum in Oshkosh. His civilian flying awards include the FAA Distinguished Service Award (1977) and the NAA Harmon Internal Trophy (1984 Aviator) which was presented to him on March 20, 1989, by Vice President Dan Quayle.

Taylor maintained an active involvement and interest in aviation. He was on a mission-control team supporting the round-the-world flight of the Rutan Voyager in December 1986

Early career 
Taylor retired at the rank of lieutenant colonel from the United States Air Force in 1962, having seen action during World War II in the China-Burma-India (CBI) Theater. During the Korean War he was stationed in Alaska, servicing the newly created Distant Early Warning Line [DEW-Line] stations with air cargo and electronics expertise. In the Late 1950s he commanded an Air Training Command (ATC) Detachment that was responsible for teaching Thor Missile maintenance and operation to RAF personnel in central England.

Death 
He died in December 2015 at the age of 97.

References

External links
Picture of Taylor flying Victoria '76 on Earthrounders.com
Additional images, info, and routing of Taylor's 1976 RTW trip

1918 births
2015 deaths
American aviators
United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II
United States Army Air Forces officers
United States Air Force colonels
People from Las Cruces, New Mexico
Randall C. Kennedy. Randall C Kennedy is director of research and cofounder of  Competitive Systems Analysis, an IT consulting company. He was a former systems analyst for Giga Information Group. Kennedy was a contributor for InfoWorld, focusing on Windows, Microsoft and other topics, but was dismissed on February 21, 2010. In his announcement of the dismissal, InfoWorld editor-in-chief, Eric Knorr, stated that Kennedy had been dismissed for violating InfoWorld's policies of "integrity and honesty", and for "breach of trust".

Kennedy discovered an undocumented change in the protocol used by the Microsoft SQL Server Net-Lib component from named pipes to TCP/IP in Microsoft Data Access Components 2.6 that was fixed in the subsequent version 2.7). He also saw curious benchmark results when comparing performance of SQL Server on Windows NT 4 versus Windows 2000 but was prevented from publishing in Network World once Microsoft threatened legal action for his violation of the SQL Server software licence agreement.

InfoWorld dismissal
Kennedy was dismissed from InfoWorld on 19 February 2010 for 'misrepresenting himself to other media organisations as Craig Barth CTO of Devil Mountain Software (aka exo.performance.network) in interviews for a number of stories regarding Windows and other Microsoft software topics' as Eric Knorr of InfoWorld explained 21 February. Knorr also explained that Devil Mountain Software 'is a Randall Kennedy business that specialises in the analysis of Windows performance data. There is no Craig Barth and Kennedy has stated this fabrication was a misguided effort to separate himself (or more accurately his InfoWorld blogger persona) from his Devil Mountain Software business'.

Kennedy now insists he was not sacked, that InfoWorld were trying to save the situation, that he on his own decided to resign, and that he is having a good time on his island home on Mauritius.

References

Further reading
Foster, Ed (2001) Is it OK for Microsoft and others to forbid disclosure of benchmark results?
Fontana, Joe (5 March 2001) Microsoft gets tough with independent testers Network World.
Kennedy, Randall C (21 November 2001) It's not a bug, it's a feature InfoWorld.
Knorr, Eric (21 February 2010) "An unfortunate ending" InfoWorld.
Why we don't trust Devil Mountain Software (and neither should you) ZDNet
Insane blogger fools reporter, gets fired
if( Randall C. Kennedy == Craig Barth ){ Scandal }

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
J-class blimp. The J-class blimps were non-rigid airships designed by the Navy Bureau of Aeronautics and Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company in the early 1920s for the US Navy.

Design and development
Designed in 1919, the J-type were to be improvements upon the D-type. Improvements included a smaller envelope (174,800 cu ft), more powerful engines, a new, simple boat style control car capable of water landings and a single ballonet to reduce weight as tried in the H-1. Two airships, designated J-1 and J-2, were ordered. J-1 first flew 31 August 1922 at Wingfoot Lake. The J-1 was operated at Hampton Roads until airship operations there were terminated in 1924. From May 1924 the J-1 served at Lakehurst, and was at that time the Navy's only active blimp. Due to the single ballonet, the J-1 proved difficult to handle. J-1 was retired in August 1924. J-2 was cancelled due to the failure of the single ballonet J-1, with the car being stored at the Naval Aircraft Factory.

J-3 was assembled from an Army TC type envelope and control car, modified to suit the Navy. Instrumentation came from the J-1. The J-3 first flew 12 October 1926. Lakehurst was the only naval air station which the J-3 served at. Its role was to train crews for the ZR-3 and ZRS-4 and 5. The J-3 was lost on April 4, 1933, during a forced landing while searching for survivors of the Navy rigid airship   with the loss of 2 out of  the blimp's crew of 7. Rescue was made by a United States Coast Guard and New York Police Department amphibians. J-4 utilized the J-2 control car, modified by enclosing it, and a TC-type envelope. It was test flown in November 1927. The J-4 served as a trainer at Lakehurst until it was sent to Sunnyvale in the summer of 1933. After the Army took over Sunnyvale, the J-4 was returned to Lakehurst in May 1935. The J-4 was stricken from the Navy registry in March 1940.
 
The J-class blimps were equipped with a control car that was suspended externally from the envelope. Utilizing helium for lift, the envelope capacity was . Two radial engines powered the blimp.

Operators

United States Army As TC Class Blimps
United States Navy

Specifications (J-3 and J-4)

See also

References

 

1920s United States patrol aircraft
Airships of the United States Navy
Goodyear aircraft
Mesquito. The Mesquito is an American sounding rocket vehicle developed for the NASA Sounding Rocket Program on Wallops Island, Virginia. The Mesquito was developed to provide rocket-borne measurements of the mesospheric region of the upper atmosphere. An area of great science interest is in the 82–95 km region, where the conventional understanding of atmospherics physics is being challenged.

The Mesquito is a two-stage sounding rocket using a  solid propellant rocket motor from surplus M26 MLRS artillery rocket as the first-stage. The non-propulsive second-stage dart contains a free-flying structural body that includes an avionics suite and an experiment space with interface.

The maiden flight occurred on 6 May, 2008, from LC-2 at the Wallops Flight Facility. After three test launches, the project was shelved.

Launch history

References 

Sounding rockets of the United States
Escuela Superior Latinoamericana de Informática. The Escuela Superior Latinoamericana de Informática (Spanish for "Latin American Superior School of Informatics", ESLAI) was an Argentine undergraduate school of computer science established in 1986. Classes were held in a former country house at the Pereyra Iraola Park in Buenos Aires Province, located approximately 40 km from Buenos Aires.

The school had Argentine mathematician Manuel Sadosky among its main founders. In spite of its short life, it had a considerable impact on informatics teaching and research in Argentina and South America. ESLAI courses were attended by students from several Spanish-speaking countries in South America such as Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela. All students had a full scholarship and the admission process was passed by about 15% of applicants.

ESLAI established cooperation programs with a number of foreign universities in the Americas as well as in Europe. Those agreements sponsored important visitors to the school, such as Alberto O. Mendelzon, Jean-Raymond Abrial, Ugo Montanari, Carlo Ghezzi and Giorgio Ausiello, and enabled its students to attend graduate school at foreign universities.

The school had a significant European influence and was oriented towards theoretical aspects of computer science, such as typed lambda calculus, formal verification, and Martin-Löf's intuitionistic type theory.

Unfortunately, ESLAI was never able to develop a relationship with local companies, which in an emergent economy like Argentina's is essential to be involved with more practical problems. Without financial support, ESLAI had to close down in September 1990 during the presidency of Carlos Menem.

References

1986 establishments in Argentina
1990 disestablishments in Argentina
Educational institutions established in 1986
Educational institutions disestablished in 1990
Universities in Buenos Aires Province
Computer science departments
Shunting (rail). Shunting, in railway operations, is the process of sorting items of rolling stock into complete trains, or the reverse. In the United States this activity is known as switching.

Motive power
Motive power is normally provided by a locomotive known as a shunter locomotive (in the UK) or switcher locomotive (in the US). Most shunter/switchers are now diesel-powered but steam and even electric locomotives have been used. Where locomotives could not be used (e.g. because of weight restrictions) shunting operations have in the past been effected by horses or capstans.

Hazards

Coupling 
The terms "shunter" and "switcher" are not only applied to locomotives but also to employees engaged on the ground with shunting/switching operations. The task of such personnel is particularly dangerous because not only is there the risk of being run over, but on some railway systems—particularly ones that use buffer-and-chain/screw coupling systems—the shunters have to get between the wagons/carriages in order to complete coupling and uncoupling. This was particularly so in the past. The Midland Railway company, for example, kept an ambulance wagon permanently stationed at Toton Yard to give treatment to injured shunters.

Of the 20,964 staff accidents in the UK that were investigated by the Railway Inspectorate between 1900 and 1939 (around 3% of all staff accidents), 6701 have been classified as involving shunting. Of those 6701 cases, 1033 were fatalities. All of the 20,964 Railway Inspectorate accident investigations have been transcribed and made freely available by the Railway Work, Life & Death project, along with around 28,000 other cases.

The main tool of shunters working with hook-and-chain couplings was a shunting pole, which allowed the shunter to reach between wagons to fasten and unfasten couplings without having physically to go between the vehicles. This type of shunting pole was of an entirely different design than objects of the same name in North American practice (see below).

Poling 

In some countries, a pole was sometimes used to move cars on adjacent tracks. In the United States this procedure was known as "pole switching" or "poling" for short. In the UK it was known as "propping." In these instances, the locomotive or another car was moved to be near the car that needed to be moved. The on-ground railwayman would then position a wooden pole, which was sometimes permanently attached to the locomotive, and engage it in the poling pocket of the car that needed to be moved. The engineer would then use the pole to push the car on the adjacent track. Before poling pockets or poles were common on switching locomotives, some US railroads built specialized poling cars which could be coupled to locomotives that lacked poling pockets. The practice was most prevalent in rail yard operations circa 1900. Poling was the cause of some accidents and in later years was discouraged before the practice was abandoned.

See also
 Marshalling (UK) or classification (US) yard
 Switcher locomotive
 Switching and terminal railroad
 Reciprocal switching

References

Further reading
 
 

Rail transport operations