omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
HyperFun. HyperFun (from Hyperdimensional Functions) is a programming language and software used to create, visualize, and fabricate volumetric 3D and higher-dimensional models.

The team maintaining the HyperFun project is a freely associated group of researchers and students from different countries from all over the world (UK, Russia, France, Japan, Norway, USA, and others) called the Digital Materialization Group (digitalmaterial.org).

Overview 

HyperFun allows users to easily model objects of the quality found in reality and nature. The system is based on a new mathematical framework for geometry, function representation (FRep), which provides a uniform method to model both surface geometry and internal composition simultaneously. It is also a compact and precise framework that can represent objects with unlimited complexity and properties. Compared to traditional modeling systems, HyperFun is able to digitally describe, create and modify models of any real or imagined object or environment.

Concepts 

Technically, complex geometric objects in HyperFun are constructed from simple primitives on which various operations are performed. Any object in three-dimensional space is defined by a function of point coordinates F(x,y,z). This continuous real function is positive inside the object, negative outside, and takes zero value on its surface. Similarly, a multidimensional object is defined by a function of several variables F(x1, x2, x3, ..., xn). For example, an object changing over time can be defined by F(x,y,z,t) with t representing time. Attributes such as color or material density are also defined by corresponding functions. This constitutes the new paradigm of procedural function-based volume modeling and rendering, where an object's shape and properties are locally evaluated on request using black box procedures.

Notes and references

External links
HyperFun Project Web site
Digital Materialization Group
Modelling Animation Games and Effects research group at the National Centre for Computer Animation

Geometric algorithms
3D graphics software
Domain-specific programming languages
EVOP. Evolutionary Operation (EVOP) is a manufacturing process-optimization technique developed in the 1950s by George E. P. Box.

In EVOP, experimental designs and improvements are introduced, while an ongoing full-scale manufacturing process continues to produce satisfactory results.  The idea is that process improvement should not interrupt production.

EVOP is a process or technique of systematic experimentation. Evolutionary Operation (EVOP) is based on the understanding that every production lot has the ability to contribute valuable information on the effect of process variables on a particular product characteristic or feature. Typical methods used involve structured designs of experiments (DOE) which may result in interrupting production flow to conduct the trials or experiments. EVOP, on the other hand, is intended to introduce small changes in the process variables during normal production flow. These changes are not large enough to result in non-conforming product, but are significant enough to determine the optimum process ranges.

Application
Applicable virtually to any applied discipline. Optimization is addressed in all spheres of human enterprise from natural sciences and engineering of whatever discipline, through economics, econometrics, statistics and operations research to management science. Practitioners of mathematical programming who require global optimization methods in diverse technological application. EVOP has been implemented in the following quantitative sectors.
 Nuclear reactor technology
 Mechanical engineering
 Civil engineering
 Structural engineering
 Electrical engineering
 Electronic engineering
 Chemical engineering
 High performance control systems
 Fuzzy logic
 Metallurgy
 Space technology
 Integrated circuit design
 Transport network
 Database
 Image processing
 Molecular biology
 Environmental engineering
 Finance and stock

Notes  

Quality control tools
Supplementarity. "Supplementarity", also referred to as "the supplementary principle", is one of the main principles of the Kyoto Protocol.  The concept is that internal abatement of emissions should take precedence before external participation in flexible mechanisms. These mechanisms include emissions trading, Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), and Joint Implementation (JI).

Emissions trading basically refers to the trading of emissions allowances (carbon credits) between one regulated entity and a less pollutive entity.  This trading of permits results in a marginal economic disincentive to the buyer and a marginal economic incentive the abater.

CDM and JI are flexible mechanisms based on the concept of a carbon project.  These projects reduce GHG voluntarily (outside the capped sectors) and therefore can be imported into the capped sector to aid in compliance.

The supplementarity principle is found in three articles of the Kyoto Protocol: article 6 and 17 with regards to trading, and article 12 with regards to the clean development mechanism.

Article 6.1 states that "The acquisition of emission reduction units shall be supplemental to domestic actions for the purposes of meeting commitments under Article 3". Article 17 states that "[…]Any such trading shall be supplemental to domestic actions for the purpose of meeting quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments under that article". Article 12.3.b states that "Parties included in Annex I may use the certified emission reductions accruing from such project activities to contribute to compliance with part of their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments under Article 3[…]".

The actual meaning of the principle has been heavily argued since the signing of Kyoto Protocol in 1997.  The COP/MOP is the body that represents the signers/ratifiers of the protocol and they have not been able to agree on a specific definition of the limit on use of flexible mechanisms.  The original text has been interpreted to mean that anywhere from 3-50% of emissions could be offset by trading mechanisms.  However, the only determination that has been  made is that the actual value of supplementarity should be decided at the country level.

In the United States RGGI (Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative) has set a precedent in that it will initially allow only up to 3.3% compliance occur by means of offset projects (carbon projects).  This value can increase to 5% and ultimately 10% if certain price thresholds are exceeded in the region.

In the news

 Latest CDM Project News

See also

 Emissions trading
 Kyoto Protocol
 Paris Agreement
 UNFCCC

References

Emissions reduction
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
X-engine. The X-engine is a type of pistonless rotary engine manufactured by LiquidPiston of Bloomfield, Connecticut.

The X engine is a hybrid cycle rotary engine.

Design 

This is geometrically an inverted Wankel engine that operates on the high-efficiency hybrid cycle. In the Wankel, the only successful pistonless rotary engine to date, a figure-eight-like epitrochoid housing surrounds a curved sided triangular rotor. The rotor revolves around a fixed gear in a hula-hoop motion. The output shaft revolves at three times the speed of the rotor. One power pulse is delivered in one revolution of the output shaft. For comparison a single cylinder four-stroke piston engine delivers one power pulse for two rotations of the output shaft. The three operating chambers of the Wankel formed by the triangular rotor are separated by seals installed on the three apexes of the rotor. They require elaborate lubrication, and in older designs have been a weak point for the engine's durability. The LiquidPiston design reverses the shapes: a figure-eight-shaped rotor moves within a triangular housing. The required seals (both face and apex) are mounted on the stationary housing, which makes lubrication much easier.
Common to both concepts is the use of ports to supply air and remove exhaust gas, thereby eliminating the need for valves.

Operating principle 

This cycle consists of compressing air (with no fuel) to a very high ratio, as is typical in the Diesel cycle. The air is then isolated in a constant volume chamber. Fuel is directly injected being allowed to combust fully under constant volume conditions, which is how Otto cycle combustion is modelled. Finally, the combustion products are expanded to atmospheric pressure, utilizing the Atkinson cycle.

Feasibility 

In order to use the Diesel cycle efficiently, high compression ratios are required: Typical engines use between 15:1 and 24:1. The LiquidPiston engine was demonstrated on the Diesel cycle with a compression ratio as high as 26:1.
This would generally rule out the use of low-octane fuels like gasoline. Therefore a spark-ignited variant with lower compression was developed. This so-called "X-Mini" is a 70 cc air-cooled naturally aspirated four-stroke X-Engine, and has been demonstrated on gasoline, kerosene, Jet A fuel, propane and hydrogen.

References

External links 

 LiquidPiston, Inc. official site
 Integza tour of the engine

Proposed engines
Pistonless rotary engine
IEEE style. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) style is a widely accepted format for writing research papers, commonly used in technical fields, particularly in computer science.  IEEE style is based on the Chicago Style.  In IEEE style, citations are numbered, but citation numbers are included in the text in square brackets rather than as superscripts.  All bibliographical information is exclusively included in the list of references at the end of the document, next to the respective citation number.

See also 
 AIP style
 ACS style

References

External links
 Article Preparation and Submission – IEEE author resources
 IEEE Template – Transactions template and instructions on how to create your article (DOC, 292 KB)
 IEEE Editorial Style Manual – Editing guidelines for Transactions, Journals, and Letters (PDF, 437 KB)
 IEEE Standards Style Manual – Style and structure manual for IEEE standards: 2014 IEEE-SA Style Manual (PDF, 1.1 MB)
 IEEE Citation Reference – official (PDF, 440KB)
 IEEE format Citation Generator (eng.), KingCitation (September 26, 2015)

Style
Bibliography
Style guides for technical and scientific writing
Academic style guides
Polaris (poker bot). Polaris is a Texas hold 'em poker playing program developed by the computer poker research group at the University of Alberta, a project that has been under way for 16 years as of 2007. Polaris is a composite program consisting of a number of bots, including Hyperborean08, the winner of the limit equilibrium series in the 2008 Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) Computer Poker Competition. Polaris also contains a number of other fixed strategies, and chooses between these strategies during a match. Polaris requires little computational power at match time, so it is run on an Apple MacBook Pro laptop during competitions.  Polaris plays only heads-up (two player) Limit Texas hold'em.

Play against professionals
On July 23–24, 2007, Polaris played against poker professionals Phil Laak and Ali Eslami at the Hyatt Regency Hotel in Vancouver, B.C. The competition consisted of four duplicate matches, with 500 hands per match. In each duplicate match, the same cards were dealt to both pairs of players, human and bot, but with the seating reversed.  This meant that if Polaris had poor hands in one half of the match against Laak, the other copy of Polaris would be getting good cards in the other half of the match against Eslami. This was done to reduce variance, or "luck factor", as neither team could say they got the worse set of cards. The two players were in separate rooms to eliminate the chance of the audience revealing information about the hands, which would be especially problematic in a duplicate match. Laak had previously played the Polaris predecessor Vexbot in 2005 in a prior tournament. Laak admitted to luck playing a part in his victory over Vexbot.

After roughly 64 hours, Polaris tied the first round, won the second and lost the last two. One of the lost matches was against a learning variant which tried to switch between a few styles of play, while all of the remainder were against large, static, randomized sets of rules which approximate a pair of Nash equilibrium strategies. Laak and Eslami split $1 for the two wins, and $2,500 for the draw.

On July 3–6, 2008, Polaris competed against six human professional poker players in the Second Man-Machine Poker Championship, held in Las Vegas at the 2008 Gaming Life Expo. Polaris defeated the human players with three wins, two losses and one tie.  Each of the six sessions was a duplicate match of 500 hands against two different players, resulting in six thousand hands played.  Across all six sessions, Polaris won 195 big blinds.  The version of Polaris used in the 2008 match was much stronger than the 2007 version, both in the quality of the component strategies and in its ability to learn which component strategy to use.

See also
Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence
Computer poker players
Cepheus (poker bot)
Claudico
Libratus

References

External links
Official site includes hand histories, a copy of the live blog that was updated throughout the matches, a gallery of photographs, video highlight reels, and post-match analysis.

Computer poker players
Berthold Leibinger Zukunftspreis. The Berthold Leibinger Zukunftspreis (future prize) is an international award for "excellent research on the application or generation of laser light". Since 2006, it is biennially awarded by the German non-profit foundation Berthold Leibinger Stiftung as part of its Laser Prizes, with an amount of 50,000 euros.

Recipients 
, two Zukunftspreis laureates have also received the Nobel Prize in Physics: Gérard Mourou in 2018, and Anne L'Huillier in 2023.

Source:

See also 
 Berthold Leibinger Innovationspreis (affiliated innovation prize)
 Berthold Leibinger (founder of issuing foundation)
 List of physics awards

References

External links 
 Website of the Berthold Leibinger Stiftung

Science and technology awards
Awards established in 2006
Laser awards and associations
Berthold Leibinger Stiftung. The German foundation Berthold Leibinger Stiftung was founded in 1992 by the engineer, entrepreneur and patron Berthold Leibinger in Ditzingen near Stuttgart, Germany. The non-profit foundation is dedicated to cultural, scientific, church related and social issues. The capital stock amounts to 16.6 Million Euros (in 2016). Since 2000 the foundation biennially awards the international innovation prize Berthold Leibinger Innovationspreis for applied laser technology. The Berthold Leibinger Zukunftspreis (future prize) honors milestones in research on the application or generation of laser light since 2006. The Leibinger foundation supports the American Academy in Berlin Fellow's program.

References

External links 
  
 

Foundations based in Germany
Ali Nasle. Ali Nasle is an expert in electrical engineering, power engineering systems and Power Systems CAD, and the founder of EDSA Micro Corporation.

He wrote an early digital short circuit program in 1965, under a grant from Detroit Edison and IBM, for the then-new IBM 1130; for this effort, he was named Michigan’s Outstanding Young Engineer the following year.

Over subsequent years, he is credited with dozens of inventions and innovations for the design and simulation of electrical power systems, and is regarded as a leading authority on electrical power generation, transmission, and on-premises infrastructure.

For his lifetime achievements, he has earned many accolades throughout his career, including:

 IEEE Outstanding Engineer
 Outstanding Engineer in Industry by the Michigan chapter of the National Society of Professional Engineers
 College of Fellows by The Engineering Society of Detroit
 Wayne State University Hall of Fame

At present, he remains active in the Critical Power Coalition and continues his power systems engineering work, focusing on the emerging new field of power analytics.

See also
Power analytics

External links
 Wayne State University College of Engineering Hall of Fame inductees
 Full Ali Nasle biography EDSA Founder
 Engineering Society of Detroit College of Fellows 

Living people
American electrical engineers
Wayne State University alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
ATSC (disambiguation). ATSC is the Advanced Television Systems Committee standards.

ATSC may also refer to:

 Advanced Television Systems Committee, the committee that wrote the ATSC Standards
 ATSC 3.0, a major version of the ATSC standards
 Acetone thiosemicarbazone, a chemical compound
 Air Technical Service Command, one of the many predecessors of the Air Force Materiel Command
 Army Training Support Center, a United States Army facility at Fort Eustis
 ATSC (UK) Ltd, the manufacturer of the fake ADE 651 bomb detection device
Advanced Television Systems Committee. The Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) is an international nonprofit organization developing technical standards for digital terrestrial television and data broadcasting. ATSC's 120-plus member organizations represent the broadcast, broadcast equipment, motion picture, consumer electronics, computer, cable, satellite and semiconductor industries.

ATSC was initially formed in 1982 to develop a first-generation digital television standard that could replace existing analog transmission systems. The new digital system became known as "ATSC 1.0."  ATSC 1.0 is in use in the United States, Canada, Mexico, South Korea and Honduras, and also in the Dominican Republic.

ATSC then developed a next-generation digital television standard known as "ATSC 3.0.” ATSC 3.0 was commercially deployed in South Korea in May 2017  and was approved for voluntary use in the United States in November 2017.

See also
 ATSC standards
 ATSC tuner

References

External links
 
 ATSC standards download page

ATSC
Digital television
High-definition television
MPEG
Standards organizations in the United States
Television transmission standards
Organizations established in 1982
1982 establishments in the United States
Oberlerchner JOB 15. The Oberlerchner JOB 15 was an Austrian two-seat light aircraft produced by Josef Oberlerchner Holzindustrie, which had previously designed and built gliders.

Design and development
Using experience as sailplane designers and builders, Josef Oberlerchner Holzindustrie determined to create a powered aircraft. The result was the JOB 5, a two-seat side-by-side light aircraft of wooden construction. It first flew in 1958. The company decided to build a slightly larger three-seat production version, the JOB 15. The JOB 15 was a low-winged monoplane of composite construction with fixed tailwheel undercarriage, with a wooden wing and steel-tube fuselage covered in glass-reinforced plastic and fabric. The prototype first flew in 1960 with a 135 hp (101 kW) Avco Lycoming O-290-D2B engine. Three aircraft were built before the a more powerful version, the JOB 15-150, was built with a 150 hp (112 kW) Avco Lycoming O-320-A2B engine. After 11 15-150s had been built an improved version, the JOB 15-150/2, was introduced and ten were built before production ended in the late 1960s.

Variants
JOB 5
Prototype two-seater, 95 hp Continental C90-12F engine, one built
JOB 15
Production three-seater with a 135 hp (101 kW) Avco Lycoming O-290 engine, three built.
JOB 15-150
Re-engined version with a 150 hp (112 kw) Avco Lycoming O-320-A2B engine, 11 built.
JOB 15-150/2
Improved version, ten built.

Specifications (15-150)

References

External links

Schmidt, Pierre; Alpen-Klassike: Von der JOB 5 zur JOB 15, Modell Aviator, 2009. (German)

1960s Austrian civil utility aircraft
JOB15
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Glider tugs
Low-wing aircraft
Venture Arctic. Venture Arctic is an ecosystem simulation video game from Pocketwatch Games. Following its predecessor Wildlife Tycoon: Venture Africa, this Arctic sequel combines educational value and entertainment. The game allows players to build and manage ecosystems of Arctic animals by interacting with the environment using "tools of nature", such as the sun, snow, wind, and sickness.

There are five different environments in the game, from an oil-rig off the coast of Svalbard, Norway, to a new pipeline disturbing the caribou herds in the Alaskan level. While the game maintains impartiality on environmental issues, players are left to discover for themselves the impact of global warming and deforestation throughout the seasons in their sim-ecosystems and the 22 animal species which comprise them.

The visual art was inspired by traditional Inuit sculpture.  The music is a reinterpretation of Vivaldi's Four Seasons Concerto using Inuit-inspired instruments and instruments brought to the region by explorers.  Venture Arctic was designed, produced, and programmed by Andy Schatz, founder of Pocketwatch Games and host of the 2007 and 2008 Independent Games Festival Awards ceremonies.

External links 

Road to the Independent Games Festival 

2007 video games
Biological simulation video games
Brighter Minds Media games
Culture of the Arctic
Environment of the Arctic
Fiction about climate change
Indie games
MacOS games
Pocketwatch Games
Single-player video games
Torque (game engine) games
Video game sequels
Video games developed in the United States
Video games set in the Arctic
Windows games
Pemberton-Billing P.B.25. The Pemberton-Billing P.B.25 was a First World War British single-seat scout aircraft built by Pemberton-Billing Limited, later Supermarine Aviation Works Limited.

Design and development 
The P.B.23 was designed in 1915 as a single-seat biplane scout, with a fuselage nacelle strut-mounted between the wings.  The nacelle had an open cockpit for the pilot at the front and at the rear an 80 hp (60 kW) Le Rhône 9C engine driving a pusher propeller. Twin fins and rudders were mounted on a wide-span tailplane with an elevator attached, all connected to the wing structure with four tailbooms. The P.B.23 failed to gain an order after it first flew in September 1915, but twenty of an improved version, the P.B.25, were ordered by the Royal Naval Air Service.  The P.B.25 had swept-back wings, a modified landing gear and a revised fuselage nacelle and although originally powered by a 110 hp (82 kW) Clerget rotary engine, the 20 RNAS aircraft were fitted with Gnome Monosoupape 9 Type B-2 rotary piston engines.

Operational history 
The aircraft, which were not used operationally, were based at RNAS Hornchurch and RNAS Hendon, where they were probably used in the training role.

Operators 

 Royal Naval Air Service

Specifications (P.B.25)

See also

References

Further reading

1910s British military reconnaissance aircraft
Supermarine aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1915
Rotary-engined aircraft
Social entropy. Social entropy is a sociological theory that evaluates social behaviours using a method based on the second law of thermodynamics. The equivalent of entropy in a social system is considered to be wealth or residence location. The term "social entropy" was first used by physicist Peter Tait in 1874. The theory was introduced by Kenneth D. Bailey in 1990 and extended recently by Roumen Tsekov, who related social entropy to liberty and economic freedom.

References

Further reading
 Klaus Krippendorff's Dictionary of Cybernetics (University of Pennsylvania)
 Kenneth D. Bailey (1990). Social Entropy Theory. Albany, New York: State University of New York (SUNY) Press. ISSN 1094-429X

Sociological theories
Social systems
Sociological terminology
Cyberpunk themes