omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
HVDC Hokkaido–Honshu. ,  for short, is a  high voltage direct current transmission line for the interconnection of the power grids of Hokkaidō (Hakodate static inverter station in Nanae) and Honshū (Kamikita static inverter station in Tohoku, Aomori Prefecture), Japan. The project went into service in 1979 by the Electric Power Development Company (J-POWER). A  overhead line and a  submarine cable connect the terminals. The HVDC Hokkaidō–Honshū is a monopolar HVDC line with an operating voltage of 250 kV and rated power of 300 megawatts. This HVDC system uses thyristor converters.

In 2019 a second HVDC system between the two islands, with a rated power of 300 MW and using Voltage-Source Converters, was put into operation.

Sites
  (Hokkaido) 
  (Hokkaido) 
  (Honshu) 
  (Honshu)

References

External links

 Hokkaido-Honshu HVDC Link , J-POWER
 Domestic facilities , J-POWER

 Photos of Hakodate AC/DC Converter Station , Laboratory of Electric Machinery, Kitami Institute of Technology
 https://web.archive.org/web/20050526185217/http://www.transmission.bpa.gov/cigresc14/Compendium/HOKKAIDO.htm
 https://web.archive.org/web/20050526185217/http://www.transmission.bpa.gov/cigresc14/Compendium/Hokkaido%20Pictures.pdf

Hokkaido-Honshu
HVDC transmission lines
Electric power infrastructure in Japan
Energy infrastructure completed in 1979
1979 establishments in Japan
Intrinsic and extrinsic properties. In science and engineering, an intrinsic property is a property of a specified subject that exists itself or within the subject. An extrinsic property is not essential or inherent to the subject that is being characterized. For example, mass is an intrinsic property of any physical object, whereas weight is an extrinsic property that depends on the strength of the gravitational field in which the object is placed.

Applications in science and engineering 

In materials science, an intrinsic property is independent of how much of a material is present and is independent of the form of the material, e.g., one large piece or a collection of small particles. Intrinsic properties are dependent mainly on the fundamental chemical composition and structure of the material. Extrinsic properties are differentiated as being dependent on the presence of avoidable chemical contaminants or structural defects.

In biology, intrinsic effects originate from inside an organism or cell, such as an autoimmune disease or intrinsic immunity.

In electronics and optics, intrinsic properties of devices (or systems of devices) are generally those that are free from the influence of various types of non-essential defects. Such defects may arise as a consequence of design imperfections, manufacturing errors, or operational extremes and can produce distinctive and often undesirable extrinsic properties. The identification, optimization, and control of both intrinsic and extrinsic properties are among the engineering tasks necessary to achieve the high performance and reliability of modern electrical and optical systems.

See also
 
 Intensive and extensive properties
 Motivation

References

Abstraction
Ontology
Scientific phenomena
Kazakh Agency of Applied Ecology. Since 1996, the Kazakhstan Agency of Applied Ecology (KAAE), has been carrying out its activities as an independent organization in the sphere of environmental protection in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

KAPE LLC is an independent consulting and engineering company working in the industrial sector in the sphere of environmental protection. 
The company was registered in the Republic of Kazakhstan in 1996, with offices in Astana, Aktau, Atyrau and Aktobe, and has a solid base of material resources and a staff of qualified experts. 
 
Substantial experience has been achieved in development and implementation of national and international projects consisting of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), Environmental Protection(EP) Sections, standardization projects, water conservation projects, development of standardizing and methodological documentation and more. Intimate knowledge of national requirements for ecological safety and competence of staff guarantees a qualified resolution of tasks assigned. The company's activities are certified to meet the requirements of international standards ISO:9001,ISO:14001 and OHSAS:18001.

External links
Kazakhstan Agency of Applied Ecology - official website

Companies of Kazakhstan
Nature conservation in Kazakhstan
Look-Aside Interface. The Look-Aside Interface is a computer interface that was specified by an interface interoperability agreement produced by the Network Processing Forum. It specifies the method to interface a Network Processing Element (of which an NPU is an example) to a Network Search Element (of which a CAM is an example). The interface is used by devices that off-load certain tasks from the network processor.

Numerous devices which implement the LA interface have been produced. Companies which have implemented these devices include Integrated Device Technology and Cypress Semiconductor.

External Reference
NPF LA-1 Interface Interoperability Agreement

Networking hardware
Networking standards
Benoît Fourneyron. Benoît Fourneyron (31 October 1802 – 31 July 1867) was a French engineer, born in Saint-Étienne, Loire. Fourneyron made significant contributions to the development of water turbines.
 
Benoît Fourneyron was educated at the École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Étienne, a nearby engineering school that had recently opened. After he graduated in 1816, he spent the next few years in mines and ironworks. 
Around this time, a number of French engineers—including some of Fourneyron's former teachers—were starting to apply the mathematical techniques of modern science to the ancient mechanism called the waterwheel.

For centuries, waterwheels had been used to convert the energy of streams into mechanical power, mostly for milling grain. But the new machines of the Industrial Revolution required more power, and by the 1820s there was enormous interest in making waterwheels more efficient.

Fourneyron-style turbines
Using the proposal of a former teacher (Claude Burdin) as a guide, Fourneyron built in 1827, at age of 25, his first prototype for a new type of waterwheel, called a "turbine". (The term turbine is derived from the Greek word "τύρβη" for "whirling" or a "vortex".) In Fourneyron's design, the wheel was horizontal, unlike the vertical wheels in traditional waterwheels. This  turbine used two sets of blades, curved in opposite directions, to get as much power as possible from the water's motion. Fourneyron won a 6,000 franc prize offered by the French Society for the Encouragement of Industry for the development of the first commercial hydraulic turbine.

Over the next decade, Fourneyron built bigger and better turbines, learning from his mistakes after each new model. By 1837, he had a  turbine capable of a fantastic 2,300 rotations per minute. On that model, the turbine's wheel was only one foot in diameter, and it weighed just 40 pounds. It operated at 80 percent efficiency.

Within a few years, hundreds of factories used Fourneyron-style turbines. Other countries adopted the design to power their industrial machinery, too. Immediately successful, it powered industry in continental Europe and the U.S., notably the New England textile industry. In 1895 Fourneyron turbines were installed on the U.S. side of Niagara Falls to generate electric power.

Fourneyron was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1861.

See also

Water Turbine timeline
Cavan Water Mill

References

1802 births
1867 deaths
People from Saint-Étienne
Moderate Republicans (France)
Members of the 1848 Constituent Assembly
Members of Parliament for Loire
French engineers
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Knights of the Legion of Honour
Creative Flight Aerocat. The Creative Flight Aerocat is a Canadian mid-wing, all composite, four passenger experimental aircraft that can be configured for amphibious float operations. Under development since 1998, the aircraft is intended to be supplied in kit form by Creative Flight of Haliburton, Ontario, for amateur construction. The company has since been renamed Auriga Design.

Design and development
Development started in 1998 on the MPA Aerocat. In 2002, the vehicle was renamed the Creative Flight Aerocat.

The all composite aircraft features a distinctive gull-wing design with pods that floats can attach to. A twin engine variant is powered by two Jabiru 3300 engines. In both the case of the single and twin engined versions, the engines are mounted in pusher configuration on a composite arch behind the cockpit.

Operational history
The single engine prototype flew in 2001, then was retrofitted for twin engine operations and flown in 2002. Shortly afterward the aircraft was test flown with floats.

In 2003, the prototype was flown to the EAA AirVenture Oshkosh airshow and displayed.

As of August 2019 the prototype, C-GYCC, remained the sole example flying.

Variants
SR
Single engine version with retractable gear, powered by a Crossflow CF4-20THO  engine.
SRX
Single engine version with retractable gear and floats, powered by a Crossflow CF4-20THO  engine or one Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-21 turboprop producing 
TR
Twin engine version with retractable gear, powered by two Jabiru 3300  engines
TRX
Twin engine version with retractable gear and floats, powered by two Jabiru 3300  engines

Specifications (Aerocat SR)

References

External links

Homebuilt aircraft
University of Copenhagen Nano-Science Center. The Nano-Science Center is a center at the University of Copenhagen dedicated to the teaching and research of nanotechnology.

The Nano-Science Center was inaugurated in 2001 in a cooperation between the Niels Bohr Institute (physics) and the Department of Chemistry. It resides in the D block of the interconnected Hans Christian Ørsted Building complex.

The current chairman is professor Bo Wegge Laursen.

A new undergraduate program (3 years ending with a B.Sc. in nanotechnology) admitted the first students in September 2002, currently admitting about 60 students per year. Graduates are expected to continue to get a M.Sc. within a subfield of nanotechnology.

Research 

Current research includes theoretical and experimental nanophysics, synchrotron x-ray scattering, supramolecular surface chemistry, organic synthesis, biophysics, nanocontainers, molecular electronic properties and molecular biology.

Nanoflake 
Nanoflake has been discovered in the Center. It is a perfect crystalline structure that also absorbs all light.  Nanoflakes have the potential to convert up to 30 per cent of the solar energy into electricity, which is similar to present day solar cells. It can reduce the solar cell production costs because it uses less of the expensive semiconducting silicon in the process, due to the use of nanotechnology.

See also 

 Niels Bohr Institute

References

External links 
Homepage of the Nano-Science Center

University of Copenhagen
Nanotechnology institutions
Research institutes in Denmark
Solar cells
Konstanz University of Applied Sciences. Konstanz University of Applied Sciences () or HTWG, is a German university of applied sciences located in Konstanz, Baden-Württemberg. It is a member of Lake Constance Arts & Sciences Association.

The university was established in 1906 by Alfred Wachtel and named the "Technicum Konstanz". Initially there were only three departments: engineering, technical studies, and the school for 'Werkmeister' - postgraduate work.

Faculties 
 Architecture and Design
 Civil Engineering
 Electronic and Information Technology
 Computer Sciences
 Mechanical Engineering
 Business and social sciences
 College for Foreign Students (ASK)

Bachelor majors 
 Architecture
 Applied Computer Science (replaced technical computer science and software engineering)
 Civil Engineering
 Business Administration
 Electronic and Information Technology
 Communications Design
 Mechanical Engineering/Construction and Development
 Mechanical Engineering/Production
 Transport and Environmental Technology
 Business Information Systems
 Healthcare Computer Science
 Engineering Economics in Construction
 Engineering Economics in Electrical Sciences/ Informatics
 Engineering Economics in Mechanical Engineering
 Economic Language Asia and Management in Chinese
 Economic Language Asia and Management in Malayan
 Chemie

Master majors 
 Architecture
 Asian-European Relations and Management
 Automotive Systems Engineering
 Civil Engineering
 Business Administration
 Business Information Technology
 Computer Science
 Communications Design
 Mechanical Engineering and International Sales Management
 Mechatronics
 Environmental/ Production Sciences
 Engineering Economics

References

External links 

University homepage

Konstanz
Universities and colleges in Baden-Württemberg
Konstanz (district)
1906 establishments in Germany
Universities and colleges established in 1906
International Workshop on Nitride Semiconductors. The International Workshop on Nitride Semiconductors (IWN) is a biennial academic conference in the field of group III nitride research. The IWN and the International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors (ICNS) are held in alternating years and cover similar subject areas. IWN is pioneered by Isamu Akasaki (Nagoya University, Meijo University) and Hiroshi Amano (Nagoya University), who are Nobel laureates in physics (2014)

- IWN2018 was held 11–16 November 2018 in Kanazawa, Japan, and chaired by Hiroshi Fujioka (the University of Tokyo, Japan)

- IWN2016 was held 2–7 October 2016 in Orlando, United States, and jointly chaired by Alan Doolittle (Georgia Institute of Technology and Tomás Palacios (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA)

- IWN2012 was held 14–19 October 2012 in Sapporo, Japan and chaired by Hiroshi Amano (Nagoya University, Japan).

Conference list

See also 
 Gallium nitride
 Indium nitride
 Aluminium nitride
 Boron nitride

References 

Physics conferences
Technology conferences
BOSIET. BOSIET stands for 'Basic Offshore Safety Induction and Emergency Training', a course created to assist in meeting the initial offshore safety training, emergency response training and assessment requirements for personnel new to the offshore, oil and gas and renewable energy industries.

Included in the course is helicopter survival, emergency first aid, sea survival, fire fighting, self rescue and Totally Enclosed Motor Propelled Survival Craft TEMPSC (lifeboat) training. The helicopter survival training (HUET) is often the hardest part.

Upon completion of the program, the delegate will have an awareness of the generic hazards and associated risks encountered when working on offshore installations and the generic safety regimes and safety management systems in place to control and mitigate risks associated with hazards.

References 

Emergency services in the Republic of Ireland
Petroleum production
Survival training
New manufacturing economy. The new manufacturing economy (NME) describes the role of advanced manufacturing in the rise of the New Economy. The term describes manufacturing enabled by digital technologies, advanced systems and processes and a highly trained and knowledgeable workforce. The new manufacturing economy integrates networks, 3D printers and other proficiencies into  business strategies to further develop manufacturing practices.

Thomas Friedman references Lawrence F. Katz that hubs of "universities, high-tech manufacturers, software/service providers and highly nimble start-ups" are a needed economic development strategy. This is very similar to NME thoughts even though that exact term is not used.

The Pillars of the new manufacturing economy

Technology
Focus on geographic expansion, information technology and internet commerce are on the rise for industrial manufacturing companies according to the PricewaterhouseCoopers Q4 2010 Manufacturing Barometer. Such conditions compel companies to incorporate new technologies into business plans and to concentrate on the application of open-source product development in the creation of physical goods as a form of competitive advantage.

New technologies influence various industries to emphasize innovation as a business tool . Advanced manufacturing is feasible due to continuous improvement investments and modernization of the workforce, technologies and supply chains in order to increase global competitiveness, environmental sustainability and product customization to meet consumer expectations.

Workforce
Incorporating modern CNC equipment in new manufacturing processes requires better trained employees with more exacting skills than were previously required in heavy industry. Past manufacturing job consisted largely of physical labor and worker assembly line requirements, but in response to technological evolution are becoming tech-savvy and information intense with focus on creativity and resourcefulness.

Strategy
The new manufacturing economy is centered around "niche" businesses who satisfy the needs of small consumer markets by offering what customers want, when they want it. The primary foundation of this strategy is selling less of more.  Adopting the efficiencies of digital and Web-based technologies into current business strategies is an emerging trend in manufacturing practices.

Industries
Advanced technology in the manufacturing marketplace has led to growth in areas such as software development and biotechnology and to emphasis on numerous industries such as:
Liquid and biofuels
Solar energy
Renewable resources
Environmental sustainability
Pharmaceutical manufacturing
Logistics

Related terms
Smart manufacturing
New Economy
Manufacturing intelligence
The Long Tail

References

External links 
 Dexigner.com – Chris Anderson to Discuss New Manufacturing Economy, February 2010 talk.
 In the Next Industrial Revolution, Atoms Are the New Bits - Wired, Chris Anderson, January 25, 2010.
 Manufacturing Solutions Center

Manufacturing
Industry (economics)
Economies
Knowledge economy
Francesco Pompei. Francesco "Frank" Pompei is the founder and chief executive officer of Exergen Corporation. Pompei earned BS and MS mechanical engineering degrees from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.   He also earned an MS and PhD from Harvard University.  In addition to his work with Exergen,  Pompei holds an appointment as Research scholar in the Dept. of Physics at Harvard.
Pompei created the technology that led to the invention of Exergen's Temporal Scanner while working as a researcher at Harvard  and he holds 60 patents  in "non-invasive thermometry for medical and industrial applications."

References 

21st-century American physicists
Harvard University alumni
MIT School of Engineering alumni
American chief executives of manufacturing companies
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Eisenhammer Dorfchemnitz. Eisenhammer Dorfchemnitz is an historic hammer mill in Dorfchemnitz in the Ore Mountains of Germany. 
The mill is an important witness to proto-industrial development in the Ore Mountains. Of the once-numerous hammer mills only three others remain working in Saxony apart from the Frohnauer Hammer: the Frohnauer Hammer Mill, the Grünthal Copper Hammer Mill and the Freibergsdorf Hammer Mill.

The mill, which is situated on the Chemnitzbach stream, has been a technology museum since 1969 which, in addition to the actual hammer mill, also has a local history room.

Sources 
 Franz Eisel: Sachsens Museen & Schauanlagen des Berg- und Hüttenwesens. Husum Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft, Husum 2007, 
 Benno Reichel: Die Entwicklung des Hammerwerkes Dorfchemnitz im Kreis Brand-Erbisdorf. in: Sächsische Heimatblätter, Heft 6/1958, S. 354–362
 Wolfgang Schmidt, Wilfried Theile: Denkmale der Produktions- und Verkehrsgeschichte. Teil 1. VEB Verlag für Bauwesen, Berlin 1989, 
 Rudolf Schumann: Der Eisenhammer zu Dorfchemnitz und die Ölmühle zu Friedebach. Zwei alte Arbeitsstätten im östlichen Erzgebirge. in: Mitteilungen des Landesvereins Sächsischer Heimatschutz, Bd. XXIX, Heft 1-4/1940, Dresden 1940, S. 43–53

References

External links 

 Informationen zum Eisenhammer Dorfchemnitz

Museums in the Ore Mountains
Museums in Saxony
Dorfchemnitz
Museums established in 1969
Technology museums in Germany
Awarua Tracking Station. Awarua Satellite Ground Station (formerly Awarua Tracking Station) is an Earth station built initially to support  the European Space Agency Ariane 5 ES ATV  (Automated Transfer Vehicle) launch campaigns. It was established by Venture Southland in 2007. It is owned and operated by Invercargill-based Space Operations New Zealand Ltd (trading as SpaceOps NZ), which was spun off from Southland Regional Development Agency Ltd (the successor of Venture Southland) in 2021.

The site on Awarua Plains was chosen because of its relatively high latitude, low elevation mask and isolation from sources of radio interference. It has a fibre-optic broadband links to the Internet.

The station was first used in 2008 to track Jules Verne, and subsequently four more  Automated Transfer Vehicles servicing the International Space Station.

The station now provides telecommunications to commercial and space agency spacecraft in low Earth orbit (LEO) with its own antennas and hosted antennas.

Work with Planet Labs
In 2014 the Awarua Satellite Ground Station was chosen by Planet Labs to download their first earth observation satellites, in their Flock-1 constellation. Planet Lab's antenna was the first commercial antenna hosted at the station.

References

Buildings and structures in the Southland Region
European Space Agency facilities
Earth stations in New Zealand
Portable data terminal. A portable data terminal (PDT) is an electronic device that is used to enter or retrieve data via wireless transmission (WLAN or WWAN). They have also been called enterprise digital assistants (EDA), data capture mobile devices, batch terminals or just portables.

They can also serve as barcode readers, and they are used in large stores, warehouses, hospitals, or in the field, to access a database from a remote location. Others have a touch screen, IrDA, Bluetooth, a memory card slot, or one or more data capture devices.

PDTs frequently run wireless device management software that allows them to interact with a database or software application hosted on a server or mainframe computer.

Boundaries among PDA, smartphone and EDA can be blurred when comparing the wide array of common features and functions.  EDAs attempt to distinguish themselves with a pre-defined requirement for long term constant daily operation (normally allowing a minimum of 8 hours). They seek a higher than normal impact rating / drop test rating and an ingress protection rating of no less than IP54. Most have at least one data collection function, e.g. a barcode or RFID reader.

Uses
Many people including police officers, soldiers, and office workers use it to store data on a long-term scale as it is portable.

See also 
Automated identification and data capture (AIDC)
Mobile computer
Mobile data terminal (MDT)

References 

Computer terminals
Mobile computers