omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
SRS Labs. SRS Labs, Inc. was a Santa Ana, California-based audio technology engineering company that specialized in audio enhancement solutions for wide variety of consumer electronic devices. Originally a part of Hughes Aircraft Company, the audio division developed the Sound Retrieval System technology, and in 1993 was separated off to form SRS Labs, Inc. In 1996 SRS Labs became a publicly traded company on Nasdaq, SRSL.

The company developed audio enhancement solutions and licenses those products to companies including Microsoft, Samsung Group, LG Group, Toshiba, Vizio, Dell, Hewlett-Packard, Sony, ViewSonic, Sharp Corporation, Haier, and Hisense.

In 2008, approximately 36 million SRS-equipped flat-panel TVs were shipped, representing a 30-percent estimated market share.

SRS Labs had more than three hundred consumer electronics manufacturing partners, and more than 150 patents for its technologies. SRS manufactured its own products, including, MyVolume - Volume Leveling Adaptor, SRS iWOW for iTunes, SRS Audio Sandbox for PC, and SRS iWOW Adaptor for iPod.

In 2012, SRS Labs was acquired by DTS, Inc. and was run as a subsidiary but has now been fully absorbed into the DTS parent company.

Products
The company licensed and produced a number of products including:
 TruVolume
 StudioSound HD
 TruSurround HD
 TruSurround XT
 TheaterSound (Equipped only on high-end Samsung 2010 Televisions.(Series 6 and above) and Samsung 2011 Televisions.(Series 5 and below)
 TheaterSound HD (Equipped only on high-end Samsung 2011 Televisions.(Series 6 and above) and T27A950 3D TV monitor.)
 Headphone 360
 TruSurround HD4
 TruBass
 Dialog Clarity
 WOW HD
 TruMedia (for Android devices based on Qualcomm MS7x27 series)
 Circle Surround
 CS Headphone
 CS Auto

See also 

 Sound Retrieval System
 DTS (sound system)

References

External links
 Official Site.
 SRS' Sounding Off Blog.

Hughes Aircraft Company
Xperi
Companies established in 1993
Companies formerly listed on the Nasdaq
Companies based in California
IUP (software). The IUP Portable User Interface is a computer software development kit that provides a portable, scriptable toolkit to build graphical user interfaces (GUIs) using the programming languages C, Perl, Lua, Nim and Zig, among others. This allows rapid, zero-compile prototyping and refinement of deployable GUI applications.

IUP's purpose is to allow programs user interface to run in different systems in unmodified form.

It provides this ability by binding Lua with its C/C++ code, or simply writing C to the application programming interface (API). It handles user interface elements by using native controls provided by native APIs, such as Windows API in Windows, GTK+ in Linux, and Motif-LessTif in older Unices. It also provides some custom developed controls using graphics APIs such as CD - Canvas Draw or OpenGL.

Features
IUP's distinguishing features include:

 ANSI C API, one of the few plain C-capable toolkits,
 Single API for Windows or Linux,
 Built in support for Lua scripts calling IUP functions (controlled by Lua script),
 Removal of the restriction of class/instance object types, but retaining the prototype Lua-style hierarchy of inheritance.
 An abstract layout model, in which sizes and positions are calculated from horizontal and vertical containers, rather than explicit X and Y coordinates. Coordinate-based layout is also supported with a third container type.
 Small API, on the order of about 100 functions.
 Use of an event loop-callback mechanism. This main loop can be called inside Lua.
 Interface elements are created before they are mapped to the native elements. This is the reverse of the usual situation for assembling GUI elements.
 Available as source or pre-built static or dynamic libraries for a wide variety of compilers, including turnkey example source.

The Lua scripting is done by binding Lua and IUPLua in (at least) a small C program called a host application.  This program creates a Lua state, passes the Lua state to IUPLua for initialization, and then opens and executes a Lua script against the Lua state. Or, the entire IUP state can be dynamically loaded via use of a Lua require or package.loadlib of IUPLua.

The script(s) can later be compiled with the Lua compiler if needed.

Support for UTF-8 was added to the Windows target in November 2013 with the release of version 3.9.

License, copyright
IUP is liberally-licensed for free use, modification, sale, and redistribution under the MIT license.

IUP has been in development at least since the 1.8 version issued in 1998.  It was begun in collaboration with Petrobras.

References

External links

 

Lua (programming language) software
Widget toolkits
Application programming interfaces
Free computer libraries
Cross-platform free software
Software using the MIT license
Software development kits
Chipcom. Chipcom Corporation was an early pioneering company in the Ethernet hub industry.  Their products allowed Local Networks to be aggregated in a single place instead of being distributed across the length of a single coaxial cable. They competed with now-gone companies such as Cabletron Systems, SynOptics, Ungermann-Bass, David Systems, Digital Equipment Corporation, and American Photonics, all of which were early entrants in the "LAN Hub" industry.  Chipcom also was involved in Token Ring, FDDI, and Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM).

Some of Chipcom's innovations at the time are well-documented in the trade press of the era, such as Computerworld.

In 1995, Chipcom was acquired by 3Com for $700 million in stock., although Cabletron was also interested in buying the company.     3Com was acquired by Hewlett-Packard in 2011.  The firm's CEO at the time was  John Robert Held.

References

Ethernet
Networking companies of the United States
Defunct networking companies
Computer companies established in 1983
Computer companies disestablished in 1995
Defunct companies based in Massachusetts
Defunct computer companies of the United States
Defunct computer hardware companies
Intel Paragon. The Intel Paragon is a discontinued series of massively parallel supercomputers that was produced by Intel in the 1990s. The Paragon XP/S is a productized version of the experimental Touchstone Delta system that was built at Caltech, launched in 1992. The Paragon superseded Intel's earlier iPSC/860 system, to which it is closely related.

The Paragon series is based on the Intel i860 RISC microprocessor. Up to 2048 (later, up to 4096) i860s are connected in a 2D grid. In 1993, an entry-level Paragon XP/E variant was announced with up to 32 compute nodes.

The system architecture is a partitioned system, with the majority of the system comprising diskless compute nodes and a small number of I/O nodes interactive service nodes.  Since the bulk of the nodes have no permanent storage, it is possible to "Red/Black switch" the compute partition from classified to unclassified by disconnecting one set of I/O nodes with classified disks and then connecting an unclassified I/O partition.

Intel intended the Paragon to run the OSF/1 AD distributed operating system on all processors. However, this was found to be inefficient in practice, and a light-weight kernel called SUNMOS was developed at Sandia National Laboratories to replace OSF/1 AD on the Paragon's compute processors.

Oak Ridge National Laboratory operated a Paragon XP/S 150 MP, one of the largest Paragon systems, for several years.

The prototype for the Intel Paragon was the Intel Delta, built by Intel with funding from DARPA and installed operationally at the California Institute of Technology in the late 1980s with funding from the National Science Foundation.  The Delta was one of the few computers to sit significantly above the curve of Moore's Law.

Compute nodes 

The computer boards was produced in two variants: the GP16 with 16 MB of memory and two CPUs, and the MP16 with three CPUs.  Each node has a B-NIC interface that connects to the mesh routers on the backplane.  The compute nodes are diskless and performed all I/O over the mesh.  During system software development, a light-pen was duct-taped to the status LED on one board and a timer interrupt was used to bit bang a serial port.

The B-NIC ASIC is the square chip with the circular heat-sink.

I/O nodes

The IO boards have either SCSI drive interfaces or HiPPI network connections and are used to provide data to the compute nodes.  They do not run any user applications.  The MP64 I/O node has three i860 CPUs and an i960 CPU used in the disk controller.

References

External links

Intel products
Massively parallel computers
Supercomputers
Very long instruction word computing
32-bit computers
Intel supercomputers
Cryo. Cryo- is from the Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos, “ice, icy cold, chill, frost”).  Uses of the prefix Cryo- include:

Physics and geology
 Cryogenics, the study of the production and behaviour of materials at very low temperatures and the study of producing extremely low temperatures 
 Cryoelectronics, the study of superconductivity under cryogenic conditions and its applications 
 Cryosphere, those portions of Earth's surface where water ice naturally occurs
 Cryotron, a switch that uses superconductivity
 Cryovolcano, a theoretical type of volcano that erupts volatiles instead of molten rock

Biology and medicine
 Cryobiology, the branch of biology that studies the effects of low temperatures on living things
 Cryonics, the low-temperature preservation of people who cannot be sustained by contemporary medicine
 Cryoprecipitate, a blood-derived protein product used to treat some bleeding disorders
 Cryotherapy, medical treatment using cold
 Cryoablation, tissue removal using cold
 Cryosurgery, surgery using cold
 Cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM), a technique that fires beams of electrons at proteins that have been frozen in solution, to deduce the biomolecules’ structure

Other uses
 Cryo Interactive, a video game company
 Cryos, a planet in the video game Darkspore

See also

 Kryo, a brand of CPUs by Qualcomm

External links

Cryogenics
Cryobiology
Cryonics
Superconductivity
Indian Institutes of Engineering Science and Technology. Indian Institutes of Engineering Science and Technology (abbreviated as IIEST) was a planned group of academic institutions in India for research and education in engineering, originally proposed by the Government of India in 2007 to meet the increasing demand for technological and scientific workforce in the industrial and service sectors of India as well as the growing need for qualified personnel in research and development.

Conversion of BE College to IIEST
The first institute to be upgraded to IIEST was Bengal Engineering and Science University, Shibpur (BESU), which was a university under the Government of West Bengal prior to the upgrade process. It took some years for the Government of India to finally decide to go ahead with the process recommended by the Anandakrishnan Committee for upgrading the selected group of state universities to the nation level under the IIEST banner. It was thus in October 2010, that the Union Cabinet of Ministers of the Government of India formally approved the process of conversion of Bengal Engineering and Science University, Shibpur to Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, by suitably amending the National Institutes of Technology and Science Education and Research Act, 2007. Accordingly, the amendment bill was tabled in the lower house (Lok Sabha) of the Parliament of India in March 2013 and subsequently passed by it in December 2013. Following this, the bill was also passed in the upper house (Rajya Sabha) in February 2014. The bill received the presidential assent by President of India Pranab Mukherjee on 4 March 2014, thereby legalizing the upgrade process. —In exercise of the powers conferred by sub-section (2) of Section 1 of the NITSER(Amendment) Act, 2014, the Central Government appointed the 4th day of March, 2014 (i.e. date of receiving assent of the President) as the date on which the provisions of the said Act shall come into force. That is BESU has become the first IIEST of the country with effect from 4 March 2014. The conversion process of BESU to IIEST shall be mentored by IIT Kanpur.

IIEST was inaugurated by President of India, Pranab Mukherjee on 24 August 2014.

References

External links
 The IIT story: IIESTs, 3 new IITs on way
 Anandkrishnan Committee Report on IIESTs
 

Engineering education in India
W. R. Galbraith. William Robert Galbraith (7 July 1829 – 5 October 1914) was a civil engineer in the United Kingdom during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He was employed by the London and South Western Railway as a consulting engineer for over 40 years, overseeing the design and construction of nearly all that company's new lines between 1862 and his retirement in 1907.

In 1892 he formed an engineering consultancy with R. F. Church. As Galbraith & Church they undertook numerous projects for other railways besides the LSWR, including the Baker Street and Waterloo Railway which became known as London Underground's Bakerloo line. In total he designed and oversaw the construction of over 14 miles of London's underground railways). In the 1890s Galbraith was the North British Railway's Parliamentary Consultant, acting as a resident expert and adviser during Parliamentary hearings on the company's engineering projects). 

His projects include:
 Kew railway bridge across the River Thames in London, built in 1864–1869 by the London and South Western Railway 
 Newport Pagnell to Wolverton Branch Railway, W. R. Galbraith was director from 1871 and was mentioned in the 1870 Act of Parliament which authorised the building of the line as one of the creditors of the railway
 Meldon railway viaduct, built in 1874 by the London and South Western Railway across the West Okement river valley near Okehampton, Devon
 The Swanage Branch Line, opened in 1885
 Hockley Railway Viaduct as part of the Winchester Cheshill branch of the LSWR in 1891.
 The modernisation and expansion of Southampton Docks following their purchase by the LSWR in 1892. 
 The Waterloo & City line in London, opened 11 July 1898.
 The Basingstoke and Alton Light Railway, opened in 1901
 The Meon Valley Railway, built between 1898 and 1903. 
 The Bakerloo line, built between 1898 and 1906
 Calstock railway viaduct across the Tamar valley, built between 1904 and 1907

References

Marshall, J .,Biographical Dictionary of Railway Engineers, 2nd Edition, Railway & Canal Historical Society, London.

British civil engineers
1829 births
1914 deaths
FirstDefender. FirstDefender is a handheld liquid and solid chemical identification instrument which uses a method of analysis called Raman spectroscopy.  It is designed for use by first responders, homeland security, law enforcers and forensic chemistry personnel for immediate identification of unknown solids, liquids, and mixtures. This includes narcotics, explosives, white powders, chemical weapons, WMDs and toxic industrial chemicals. The detector identifies substances even through the walls of their containers.  It is used by some airport officials in the United States to detect liquid explosives.

It won the Bronze medal in the 2006 International Design Excellence Awards in the Medical & Scientific Products Category.

References
http://www.ahuracorp.com/first_defender.html

Explosive detection
Bistriflimide. Bistriflimide, also known variously as bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide, bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imidate (and variations thereof), informally and somewhat inaccurately as triflimide or triflimidate, or by the abbreviations TFSI or NTf2, is a non-coordinating anion with the chemical formula [(CF3SO2)2N]−. Its salts are typically referred to as being metal triflimidates.

Applications
The anion is widely used in ionic liquids (such as trioctylmethylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide), since it is less toxic and more stable than more "traditional" counterions such as tetrafluoroborate. This anion is also of importance in lithium-ion and lithium metal batteries (LiTFSI) because of its high dissociation and conductivity. It has the added advantage of suppressing crystallinity in poly(ethylene oxide), which increases the conductivity of that polymer below its melting point at 50 °C.

Bistriflimidic acid

The conjugate acid of bistriflimide, which is frequently referred to by the trivial name bistriflimidic acid (CAS: 82113-65-3), is a commercially available superacid. It is a crystalline compound, but is hygroscopic to the point of being deliquescent. Owing to its very high acidity and good compatibility with organic solvents it has been employed as a catalyst in a wide range of chemical reactions.

Its pKa value in water cannot be accurately determined but in acetonitrile it has been estimated as −0.10 and in 1,2-dichloroethane −12.3 (relative to the pKa value of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (picric acid), anchored to zero to crudely approximate the aqueous pKa scale), making it more acidic than triflic acid (pKaMeCN = 0.70, pKaDCE(relative to picric acid) = −11.4).

Naming
Developing an IUPAC name for bistriflimide that indicates the structure and reactivity is challenging, and changes to current names have been proposed. The main difficulty arises from the ambiguous use of the word amide to mean an acylated (including sulfonylated) amine or the anionic form of an amine. Likewise, imide can refer to a bisacylated amine or a twice deprotonated amine. Thus, depending on the system used, there is ambiguity as to whether amide or imide is being used to refer to the parent acid or the anion. (The anion has been referred to as an amidate or imidate in an attempt to distinguish it from the acid.) The complications in naming these compounds was highlighted in an article by the IUPAC. Since then, the IUPAC has recommended (2013) that derivatives of anionic nitrogen can be named as azanides, so bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)azanide would be an acceptable and unambiguous name for the bistriflimide anion.  The parent acid, whose trivial name is triflimidic acid, would then be called bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)azane.

The name 1,1,1-trifluoro-N-((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)methanesulfonamide is also an unambiguous IUPAC-acceptable name, though the symmetry of the molecule is not apparent from this construction.

See also
Triflic acid
Triflidic acid
Comins' reagent

References

Non-coordinating anions
Sulfonamides
Superacids
Trifluoromethyl compounds
Nizhniy Tagil Iron and Steel Works. OJSC Nizhniy Tagil Iron and Steel Works (, Nizhnetagilsky Metallurgichecky Kombinat) is a Russian steel manufacturer.  It is part of the Evraz Group.  Its name is abbreviated as NTMK () or Nikom and NTMK is listed in RTS Index.

History

The company is located in the Ural Mountains, in the city of Nizhniy Tagil, in Sverdlovsk Oblast.  The city has been a steel-making center for centuries, and the company's website boasts a long historical association with the industry.  Large-scale steel manufacture began in 1725, at the end of the reign of Peter the Great.  At this time in the town's history, half of the output was exported to England.

In 1992 NTMK underwent privatization and was organized into a joint-stock company.

Operational details

The city is convenient to the Yekaterinburg - Perm railway and through the Kama River to the Volga River.

The orestock in the Nizhniy Tagil region is vanadium-rich.  The company has pioneered the blast oxygen process of steelmaking and according to its website, it has the world's largest H-beam manufacturing facility.

NTMK specializes in manufacturing rolling stock, train wheels and train rails.

External links
Nizhniy Tagil Iron and Steel Works
Evraz Group
Nizhniy Tagil Steel Fabricating Plant, photograph of a bird's-eye perspective drawing, Albert Kahn Associates, 1930s, Canadian Centre for Architecture

Evraz
Steel companies of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
Companies based in Sverdlovsk Oblast
Companies formerly listed on the Moscow Exchange
Nizhny Tagil
Cultural heritage monuments of regional significance in Sverdlovsk Oblast
Aluminium (disambiguation). Aluminium (also aluminum in the US and Canada) is a chemical element with symbol Al and atomic number 13.

Aluminium or aluminum may also refer to:
"Aluminum", a song from the 2001 album White Blood Cells, by The White Stripes
"Aluminum", a song from the 2003 album Everything to Everyone, by the Barenaked Ladies
Aluminum, a solo album by John Thomas Griffith
"Aluminium", a song by Damon Albarn
Aluminium (album) a music and art project based upon the White Stripes' music; also an album released by that project
Aluminium: The Thirteenth Element, an encyclopedia on the element
 Aluminum, an American automobile built by Aluminum Manufacturers, Inc. of Cleveland

See also

 Isotopes of aluminium
 Transparent aluminum, a Star Trek fictional material
 Al (disambiguation)
Rulo Rail Bridge. The Rulo Rail Bridge is a truss bridge across the Missouri River connecting Rulo, Nebraska, with Holt County, Missouri, and is used by the BNSF Railway to transport coal from Wyoming and Colorado to Midwest power plants.

History

The original bridge opened for service in the first week of October 1887 for a cost of about $1.02 million US dollars. It had three  steel truss spans. The bridge was fabricated in England and reassembled at Rulo.

In January 1976, Burlington Northern (the predecessor of BNSF) announced plans to rebuild the bridge, which was  long at the time but would be shortened to  in the reconstructed version. In 1977, the steel truss was replaced in 48 hours when sections of the new bridge were assembled on either side of the river, then lifted onto falsework towers on barges on both sides of the up and downstream sides. The new bridge was placed on the upstream towers and the old bridge was moved to the downstream side and then new bridge was placed on the original 1887 piers. The bridge now has two main spans over the river that are  long. The replaced bridge was dedicated on December 20, 1977, and the total cost of the operation was USD$8 million.

Prior to the replacement, only grain rather than coal trains could cross the bridge. The updated bridge would host coal trains traveling  over the river.

See also
List of bridges documented by the Historic American Engineering Record in Missouri
List of bridges documented by the Historic American Engineering Record in Nebraska
List of crossings of the Missouri River

References

Bibliography

 Lincoln Star (Lincoln, Nebraska), July 7, 1977, Page 5

External links

Railroad bridges in Nebraska
Railroad bridges in Missouri
Buildings and structures in Holt County, Missouri
Buildings and structures in Richardson County, Nebraska
Bridges completed in 1887
Bridges over the Missouri River
BNSF Railway bridges
Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad
Historic American Engineering Record in Missouri
Historic American Engineering Record in Nebraska
Interstate railroad bridges in the United States
Steel bridges in the United States
Space Tourism Society. The Space Tourism Society is a California 501(c)3 non-profit organization founded in 1996 by John Spencer, a former member of the board of directors of the National Space Society, with the goal of promoting space tourism.

The STS is based in the US and has chapters in Japan, Norway, Canada, Malaysia, India, Russia, and the United Kingdom. It is an organization member of the Alliance for Space Development.

Members
, the president of the society, John Spencer, is designing a  space yacht aimed at cruising in Earth orbit.

See also
 Commercial astronaut
 Private spaceflight
 Quasi Universal Intergalactic Denomination

References

Further reading

 The Popular Science Monthly
 Feasibility Study and Future Projections of Suborbital Space Tourism at the Example of Virgin Galactic by Matthias Otto
 Space tourism: do you want to go? by John Spencer and Karen L. Rugg
 Space enterprise: living and working offworld in the 21st century by Philip Robert Harris
 Worldwide Destinations and Companion Book of Cases Set by =Brian G. Boniface and Chris Cooper

External links
 Official website

Space tourism
Space organizations
Organizations established in 1996