omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Kugelblitz (astrophysics). A kugelblitz () is a theoretical astrophysical object predicted by general relativity. It is a concentration of heat, light or radiation so intense that its energy forms an event horizon and becomes self-trapped. In other words, if enough radiation is aimed into a region of space, the concentration of energy can warp spacetime so much that it creates a black hole. This would be a black hole the original mass–energy of which was in the form of radiant energy rather than matter; however, there is currently no uniformly accepted method of distinguishing black holes by origin.

John Archibald Wheeler's 1955 Physical Review paper entitled "Geons" refers to the kugelblitz phenomenon and explores the idea of creating such particles (or toy models of particles) from spacetime curvature.

A study published in Physical Review Letters in 2024 argues that the formation of a kugelblitz is impossible due to dissipative quantum effects like vacuum polarization, which prevent sufficient energy buildup to create an event horizon. The study concludes that such a phenomenon cannot occur in any realistic scenario within our universe.

The kugelblitz phenomenon has been considered a possible basis for interstellar engines (drives) for future black hole starships.

In fiction 
 A kugelblitz is a major plot point in the third season of the American superhero television series The Umbrella Academy.
 A kugelblitz is the home of a major faction in Frederik Pohl's "Gateway" novels.

See also 
 Bekenstein bound
 Micro black hole

References 

Black holes
General relativity
Light
Symmetric level-index arithmetic. The level-index (LI) representation of numbers, and its algorithms for arithmetic operations, were introduced by Charles Clenshaw and Frank Olver in 1984.

The symmetric form of the LI system and its arithmetic operations were presented by Clenshaw and Peter Turner in 1987.

Michael Anuta, Daniel Lozier, Nicolas Schabanel and Turner developed the algorithm for symmetric level-index (SLI) arithmetic, and a parallel implementation of it. There has been extensive work on developing the SLI arithmetic algorithms and extending them to complex and vector arithmetic operations.

Definition
The idea of the level-index system is to represent a non-negative real number  as
 
where , and the process of exponentiation is performed  times, with .   and  are the level and index of  respectively.   is the LI image of .  For example,
 
so its LI image is
 

The symmetric form is used to allow negative exponents, if the magnitude of  is less than 1.  One takes  or  and stores it (after substituting +1 for 0 for the reciprocal sign; since for  the LI image is  and uniquely defines , we can do away without a third state and use only one bit for the two states −1 and +1) as the reciprocal sign .  Mathematically, this is equivalent to taking the reciprocal (multiplicative inverse) of a small-magnitude number, and then finding the SLI image for the reciprocal.  Using one bit for the reciprocal sign enables the representation of extremely small numbers.

A sign bit may also be used to allow negative numbers. One takes sgn(X) and stores it (after substituting +1 for 0 for the sign; since for  the LI image is  and uniquely defines , we can do away without a third state and use only one bit for the two states −1 and +1) as the sign .  Mathematically, this is equivalent to taking the inverse (additive inverse) of a negative number, and then finding the SLI image for the inverse.  Using one bit for the sign enables the representation of negative numbers.

The mapping function is called the generalized logarithm function.  It is defined as
 
and it maps  onto itself monotonically, thus being invertible on this interval. The inverse, the generalized exponential function, is defined by
 

The density of values  represented by  has no discontinuities as we go from level  to  (a very desirable property) since
 

The generalized logarithm function is closely related to the iterated logarithm used in computer science analysis of algorithms.

Formally, we can define the SLI representation for an arbitrary real  (not 0 or 1) as
 
where  is the sign (additive inversion or not) of , and  is the reciprocal sign (multiplicative inversion or not) as in the following equations:
 
whereas for  = 0 or 1, we have
 
 

For example,
 
and its SLI representation is

See also
 Tetration
 Floating point (FP)
 Tapered floating point (TFP)
 Logarithmic number system (LNS)
 Level (logarithmic quantity)

References

Further reading
 
 
  
  . Also reprinted in:

External links
 sli-c-library (hosted by Google Code), "C++ Implementation of Symmetric Level-Index Arithmetic".

Computer arithmetic
Omega Metal Processing. Omega Metal Processing is an abandoned chemical processing plant in Monson, Massachusetts on Bliss Street. The two story brick building was built around 1850 for wool storage and sorting and was located on a 2.5acre property. Starting in 1980, it was leased and operated by the Omega Processing Co.  In an April 20, 1989 chemical spill, 2,800gallons of cadmium cyanide were released into the Chicopee Brook, resulting in fish kills in the brook and the downstream Quaboag River.  The plant closed as a result of the heavy costs and penalties incurred because of the spill, and was abandoned prior to the removal of hazardous material. The site was assessed under the Targeted Brownfields Assessment program of the EPA and cleared in 2005.

See also
S. F. Cushman Woolen Mill

References

External links
 EPA Waste Site Cleanup & Reuse in New England

Industrial buildings and structures in Massachusetts
Buildings and structures in Hampden County, Massachusetts
Environmental issues in Massachusetts
Hazardous waste
Ems powerline crossing. The 380 kV Ems Overhead Powerline Crossing is a power line crossing for two circuits on the Ems River South of Weener, Germany. It is mounted on two 110 m tall pylons with two crossbars. The length of the span is 405 m.

The crossing was an obstacle for ships built by Meyer Werft in Papenburg.  Although the ships could pass beneath the line, the clearance was often so close that the line had to be switched off.  When this procedure was followed on November 4, 2006, in order to let the vessel Norwegian Pearl pass, a large blackout occurred in many parts of Europe.  According to official reports, this was caused because of the switching off of this line.

In summer 2007, the towers were rebuilt to be 26 metres (85 feet) higher.

References

Powerline river crossings
Electric power transmission systems in Germany
John Bertram Stirling. John Bertram Stirling (1888–1988) was a Canadian engineer and businessman who served as Chancellor of Queen's University (1960–1974).

Biography
Stirling was born in Dundas, Ontario and educated at Queen's University (BA 1909, BSc 1911, LLD 1951), where he was a founding member of the Queen's Bands. He served with the Canadian Engineers in France during World War I. As an engineer, he became president of the Montreal-based EGM Cape and Company Ltd. He was president of the Engineering Institute of Canada, the Montreal Board of Trade and the Canadian Construction Association.

He served as Chancellor of Queen's in 1960–1974, retiring at the age of 86. He received the Sir John Kennedy Medal in 1954 and the Order of Canada in 1969. Stirling Hall at Queen's, the physics building, is named in his memory.

Reference

Businesspeople from Ontario
1888 births
1988 deaths
Queen's University at Kingston alumni
Chancellors of Queen's University at Kingston
People from Dundas, Ontario
20th-century Canadian engineers
Members of the Order of Canada
USCGC Alert (WMEC-630). USCGC Alert (WMEC-630) is a United States Coast Guard medium endurance cutter and is the last  medium endurance cutter constructed. The keel was laid on 5 January 1968 at the United States Coast Guard Yard at Curtis Bay, Maryland, and she was commissioned on Coast Guard Day, 4 August 1969. Alert derives her name from the early 19th century revenue cutter , which served in the early days of the Revenue Cutter Service.

External links

Alert home page

Reliance-class cutters
Alert (WMEC-630)
Ships built by the United States Coast Guard Yard
1969 ships
Scott James Remnant. Scott James Remnant (born 18 July 1980) is an open source software engineer. Scott served as a long-time Debian developer until 2006 and worked as "Ubuntu Developer Manager" on the Ubuntu Linux distribution at Canonical Ltd. He now works at Google as a Technical Lead on Bluetooth Systems.

Work
 Scott had run the Linux humour website Segfault.org. Whilst being a Debian developer, Scott had maintained several important packages; notably being Libtool and Dpkg. Not only that but had the accomplishment of being the author of the Upstart initialization system. He had also developed the Planet weblog aggregation system. Furthermore, he served on the Ubuntu Technical Board until October 2011.

Personal life
Scott is openly gay, and believes it important to be open about it to support others in the open source community.

References

External links
 Interview with Remnant by FOSDEM
 Another interview with Remnant focusing on Upstart
 

1980 births
Living people
Free software programmers
Debian people
Open source people
Ubuntu (operating system) people
Google employees
English gay men
21st-century English LGBTQ people
Cable compound. Cable compounds are materials used to prevent the ingress of moisture into telecommunication and power transmission cables.  The compound used varies depending upon the type of cable; generally, they are either soft waxy compounds (for use in copper-wire telecom cables), soft thixotropic gels with a consistency similar to that of hair gel (for use in optical fibre cables), or resin/polymer thickened oils (for use in paper insulated energy cables). A cable with such a compound is called a filled cable. Cable compounds are formulated and manufactured to have very good electrical resistance properties to ensure good functioning of the filled cable.

Icky-pick is a common gel-type compound used in outdoor fiber-optic cables.

References

Cables
Melbourne Institute of Technology. The Melbourne Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private tertiary educational institution catering to local and international students in Australia at campuses in Melbourne and Sydney. It has a NEAS-accredited English Language Centre and offers undergraduate and postgraduate courses in business, accounting, management, marketing, information technology, data analytics, research, software engineering, computer networking and telecommunications engineering.

History

Founded in 1996 by Nepali-Australian Businessman Shesh Ghale and his wife Jamuna Gurung, Melbourne Institute of Technology initially offered diploma-level courses in business, information technology and English from its Melbourne campus. In partnership with the University of New England, in 2003 MIT opened a Sydney campus offering UNE courses. In October 2016, a new Melbourne campus was opened in the historic Argus Building.

Governance

Melbourne Institute of Technology is governed by a board of directors which is responsible for overseeing the higher education operations and the general direction and superintendence of the institute.   the board chair is former Federation University Deputy Vice-Chancellor Emeritus Professor Wayne Robinson. The board of directors delegates responsibility for the management of MIT's operations to the appointed CEO.  the CEO is co-founder Shesh Ghale.

Partnership with Federation University
Melbourne Institute of Technology is an affiliated institute of the Federation University Australia and offers a range of FedUni undergraduate and postgraduate programs at its Melbourne and Sydney campuses. The partnership between the FedUni and MIT involves FedUni controlling the quality of the courses and conferring the qualifications, whilst MIT provides the facilities, lecturers, tutors and student services. All academic staff at MIT are approved to teach by FedUni. Students enrolled in FedUni courses at MIT attend as FedUni-enrolled students. Upon successful completion they are awarded FedUni degrees.
Students can undertake FedUni undergraduate and postgraduate degrees at MIT in:
 Bachelor of Commerce (Accounting) - Teachout
 Bachelor of Professional Accounting
 Bachelor of Information Technology (Business Information Systems)
 Bachelor of Information Technology
 Bachelor of Business (Management)
 Graduate Diploma of Professional Accounting
 Graduate Diploma of Management
 Graduate Diploma of Technology (Enterprise Systems & Business Analytics)
 Graduate Diploma of Technology (Software Engineering)
 Master of Business Administration (MM9) - Teachout
 Master of Business Administration (International Business)
 Master of Professional Accounting
 Master of Technology (Software Engineering)
 Master of Technology (Enterprise Systems & Business Analytics)

University goal

In October 2020, CEO Shesh Ghale announced that it was MIT's goal to transition to university status in its own right within five years.

References

Educational institutions established in 1996
Universities in Melbourne
1996 establishments in Australia
Supmicrotech. Supmicrotech (officially, the École nationale supérieure de mécanique et des microtechniques) is a French school of engineering. It is part of Polyméca, a network of schools focusing on mechanical engineering.

History 
The school was founded in 1902 by the Université de Franche-Comté as Laboratoire de Chronométrie. In 1961, it turned to École nationale supérieure de chronométrie et micromécanique (ENSCM). Since the school is established in an area with a strong legacy on horology, Supmicrotech is deeply dedicated to the design and manufacturing of micro-mechanical devices and robotics.

Location 
It is located in the city of Besançon, France eastern area (by car, 4 hours from Paris, 2 hours and a half from Strasbourg and 2 hours and a half from Lyon).

Curriculum

Study in France 

The school educates 250 engineers every year on 6 fields:

 Materials science
 Mechatronics
 Mechanical engineering
 Micromechanics
 Optoelectronics and Microelectromechanical systems
 Industrial engineering

Students can choose to spend their last year within Supmicrotech or in one of the schools of the Polyméca network.

Study abroad 
Supmicrotech has concluded a partnership with several universities worldwide:

 Technische Universität, Vienne, Austria
 Institut National d’Informatique, Alger, Algeria
 Federal University of Uberlândia, Brazil
 Universidade Polytechnique, São Paulo, Brazil
 École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
 École de technologie supérieure, Montréal, Canada
 Université Laval, Québec, Canada
 Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
 Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
 Technische Universität Ilmenau, Germany
 Hochschule Karlsruhe, Germany
 Université des Sciences et Techniques de Bucarest, Hungaria
 Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India
 Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy
 Politecnico di Torino, Italy
 Politecnico di Milano, Italy
 Tokyo Denki University, Japan
 Ecole Nationale de l'Industrie Minérale, Rabat Morocco
 Université Technique, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
 Université Valahia, Targoviste, Romania
 Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscou, Russia
 Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Russia
 Saint Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, Saint Petersburg, Russia
 Escola Tecnica Superior d’Enginyeria Barcelona, Spain
 University of Oviedo, Spain
 University of Vigo, Spain
 University of Wales, Newport, United Kingdom
 Ohio State University, Columbus, USA

It also belongs to the N+i international network.

External links 
 Official Website of Supmicrotech 
 University of Franche-Comté
 N+i network website

Engineering universities and colleges in France
Universities and colleges in Besançon
Besançon
Educational institutions established in 1902
1902 establishments in France
Universal Powerline Association. The Universal Powerline Association (UPA) was a trade association that covered power line communication (PLC) markets and applications. The UPA promoted and certified power line communication technology from 2004 to 2010.

History
An interest group for the UPA was established by the founding members in May 2004. A memorandum of understanding was signed by the founding members in September 2004, and the UPA was officially announced in January 2005. It was a non-profit trade group registered in Belgium.
Design of Systems on Silicon (DS2), a supplier of integrated circuits and software for PLC, was among the founding members; UPA systems were based on its technology.
Other members included: AcBel, Ambient Corporation, bpl, Corinex Communications, IBEC, Netgear, PCN Technology, Toshiba, Toyo Network Systems, and Junaid.

The Universal Powerline Association released specifications related to three aspects of powerline technology. 
The UPA coexistence specification was published in June 2005.
The UPA Access specification (the European OPERA project endorsed specification for Internet access over power lines) was published in February 2006.
In-home systems and solutions, called "triple play" scenarios, were published in February 2006 as the UPA Digital Home Specification v1.0.
The UPA worked with international standardisation bodies such as IEEE and ETSI.
Certification events (known as Plugtests) were held in January 2006 and 2007, with products demonstrated at the Consumer Electronics Show.

DS2 had financial problems in 2010.
Marvell Technology Group acquired the intellectual property of DS2 in August 2011, although it continued to provide UPA specifications compliant  devices.  With the exit of DS2 from the market, the UPA suspended activities in November 2010 and discontinued its website, although the UPA market continued through Marvell and its partners.

References

External links
 
 

Technology trade associations
Networking standards
Polyméca. Polyméca is a French network of engineering schools composed of seven grandes écoles teaching engineering and mechanics. This partnership enables students from different schools in the network to complete their final year of study at another of the network's schools, and to graduate from that school as well as from their home school.

Members 
 The Supméca  
 The SeaTech
 The École d'ingénieurs ENSIL-ENSCI 
 The École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées de Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)
 The École nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique (ISAE-ENSMA)
 The École nationale supérieure de mécanique et des microtechniques (ENSMM)
 The École nationale supérieure d’électronique, informatique, télécommunications, mathématique et mécanique de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB-MATMECA)

References

External links
Official site

Polyméca
Margarite. Margarite is a calcium rich member of the mica group of the phyllosilicates with formula: CaAl2(Al2Si2)O10(OH)2. It forms white to pinkish or yellowish gray masses or thin laminae. It crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system. It typically has a specific gravity of around 3 and a Mohs hardness of 4. It is translucent with perfect 010 cleavage and exhibits crystal twinning.

It occurs commonly as an alteration product of corundum, andalusite and other aluminous minerals. It has been reported as forming alteration pseudomorphs of chiastolite along with muscovite and paragonite. The margarite in this occurrence forms preferentially along the dark graphite rich inclusions with the chiastolite crystals.

Margarite is found in the emery deposits of Turkey and the Aegean islands, and with corundum
at several localities in the United States.

References

 Deer, W.A., R.A. Howie, and J. Zussman (1963) Rock-forming minerals, v. 3, Sheet Silicates, p. 95-98.
 
Mineral Data Publishing PDF

Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 9
Mica group
Cyborg 3: The Recycler. Cyborg 3: The Recycler is a 1994 American direct-to-video film and is sequel to Cyborg 2 (1993) starring Malcolm McDowell and Khrystyne Haje. Released on home video in 1995, the film is directed by Michael Schroeder. It is the third installment in the Cyborg film series.

Plot
The film is set in a desolate post-apocalyptic world where a once–thriving age of man and cyborgs has come to an end. Cyborgs are now hunted for their parts. Cash (Haje), a female cyborg learns from Doc Edford (Margaret Avery) that she is somehow pregnant.

She searches for the fabled city of Cytown to find Evans (Zach Galligan), a creator of cyborgs, to find out more about her condition. She is followed by Anton Lewellyn (Richard Lynch) and his assistant Jocko (Andrew Bryniarski). Lewellyn is able to sustain himself by hunting cyborgs for their parts. Though he has long wanted to find Cytown (the last haven for cyborgs), he becomes obsessed in getting Cash and her child.

Cast

 Malcolm McDowell as Lord Talon
 Khrystyne Haje as Casella "Cash" Reese Cyborg
 Zach Galligan as Evans
 Richard Lynch as Anton Lewellyn
 Andrew Bryniarski as Jocko Cyborg
 Michael Bailey Smith as Donovan Cyborg
 William Katt as Decaf Cyborg
 Rebecca Ferratti as Elexia Cyborg
 Margaret Avery as Dr. Edford
 Raye Hollitt as Finola Cyborg
 Kato Kaelin as Beggar
 Evan Lurie as El-Sid Cyborg
 Bill Quinn as Hale Cyborg
 David McSwain as Ahab Cyborg

References

External links
 
 

1995 films
1995 independent films
1990s science fiction action films
American independent films
American science fiction action films
American sequel films
Direct-to-video sequel films
1990s English-language films
American post-apocalyptic films
Films about cyborgs
Cyborg (film series)
Films directed by Michael Schroeder
1990s American films
1995 science fiction films
English-language science fiction action films
English-language independent films
Duke Annual Robo-Climb Competition. Hosted by Duke University, the Duke Annual Robo-Climb Competition (DARC) challenges students to create innovative wall-climbing robots that can ascend vertical surfaces. The competition, which will be held on Duke's campus in Durham, North Carolina, will allow students to showcase their wall-climbing technology in an international forum and encourage students to network with industry leaders.

General Guidelines

The rules for design are very flexible in order to generate maximum technological creativity. The competition will evaluate each robot’s performance in climbing a wall constructed of different materials and obstacles of various dimensions. Each student group will have an opportunity to practice with the wall prior to the competition. Judges will score each robot in five functional areas: utility, navigation, versatility,  speed, and innovation.

The  functional areas will specifically measure the robot's ability to complete the following tasks:	
Utility: Carry a load in proportion to its own body weight. 
Navigation: Climb the full length of the wall without touching obstacles on the wall. 
Versatility: Climb up surfaces composed of different materials and constructed in various shapes and sizes. 
Speed: Climb up the full length of the wall from bottom to top in any manner as quickly as possible. 
Innovation: Demonstrate unique capabilities, innovative use of technology, general creativity, or style.

The Wall

The wall, as depicted in below, will be used to test the robot’s performance in navigation, versatility, and speed. (The utility and innovation tasks will be performed independently.) The wall measures 9 ft (2.743 m) in height and 8 ft (2.438 m) in width. The wall is made of ferrous metal plated on plywood, and contains three sections composed of different materials and obstacles. The first section, closest to the floor, contain a wooden ramp surface, two obstacles, and one hole. The second section, in the middle of the wall, contains an acrylic glass surface and three obstacles. The third section, at the top of the wall, contains a flat piece of carpet, two obstacles, and a slit.

External links
Duke Annual Robo-Climb Competition

Robotics competitions