omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
PQCC. The Production Quality Compiler-Compiler Project (PQCC) was a long-term project led by William Wulf at Carnegie Mellon University to produce an industrial-strength compiler-compiler.  PQCC would produce full, optimizing programming language compilers from descriptions of the programming language and the target machine.  Though the goal of a fully automatic process was not realized, PQCC technology and ideas were the basis of production compilers from Intermetrics, Tartan Laboratories, and others.

Objective 
The focus of the project was on the semantics and machine-dependent phases of compilation, since lexical and syntactic analysis were already well understood. Each phase was formalized in a manner that permits expression in table-driven form. The automatic construction of the compiler then consists of deriving these tables from the semantic definitions of the language and target machine. Though this approach was largely successful for target machine description, it was less so for semantics.

See also
 GNU Bison
 yacc

References 

Compilers
Parsing algorithms
Parsing
CSN.1. In telecommunications and computer networking, Concrete Syntax Notation One (CSN.1) is a standard and flexible notation that describes data structures for representing, encoding, transmitting, and decoding data, specifically GPRS used for cell phones.  Many examples of CSN.1 encoded data structures can be found in 3GPP TS44.060 and an informative description of the CSN.1 syntax is found in 3GPP TS 24.007.

Here is an example of a CSN.1 description of a message. If the first bit is 1, an apple structure follows, which is a 5-bit Apple code. If the first bit is 0, on the other hand, a 3-bit orange code, and a 2-bit peel type follow.

<Example> ::= { 1 <Apple struct> | 0 <Orange struct> } 0;
<Apple struct> ::= < Apple Code : bit(5) >;
<Orange struct> ::= <Orange Code : bit(3) > <PeelType: bit(2)>;

Advantages
 It is relatively simple to understand.
 The notation is extremely compact - any bit can be addressed

Disadvantages
 It is very difficult to maintain when extensions and new releases of the protocols need to be implemented 
 Creating a compiler for the language is very difficult, because the language can include expressions that refer to any named elements previously decoded. 
 The CSN.1 structures listed in communication standards are not checked and are often filled with errors and non-standard notation.

See also
 Annex B of 3GPP TS 24.007 contains a detailed description of CSN.1.
 CSN1.INFO provides a complete online description of CSN.1 (including those parts not explained on TS 24.007), with examples and common pitfalls.

External links
A free tool that encodes/decodes CSN.1 3GPP messages and allows easy editing of these messages.

Mobile telecommunications standards
3GPP standards
MyLifeBits. MyLifeBits was a life-logging experiment begun in 2001. It is a Microsoft Research project inspired by Vannevar Bush's hypothetical Memex computer system. The project includes full-text search, text and audio annotations, and hyperlinks.  The "experimental subject" of the project was computer scientist Gordon Bell, and the project tried to collect a lifetime of storage on and about Bell.  Jim Gemmell of Microsoft Research and Roger Lueder were the architects and creators of the system and its software.

MyLifeBits is an attempt to fulfill Vannevar Bush's vision of an automated store of the documents, pictures (including those taken automatically), and sounds an individual has experienced in his lifetime, to be accessed with speed and ease. For this, Bell digitized all documents he had read or produced, CDs, emails, and so on. He continued to do so through his death in 2024, gathering web pages browsed, phone and instant messaging conversations and the like more or less automatically. The book Total Recall describes the vision and implications for a personal, lifetime e-memory for recall, work, health, education, and immortality.
In 2010, Total Recall was published in paperback. , Bell was no longer using the wearable camera associated with the project. He described the rise of the smartphone as largely fulfilling Bush's vision of the Memex. Bell died in 2024.

See also 
 Dymaxion Chronofile
 Lifelog
 Microsoft SenseCam

References

External links 
 MyLifeBits - Microsoft Research Archived version.
 Gordon Bell and Jim Gemmell – A look into Microsoft's Bay Area Research Center, Part I Channel9 video, including MyLifeBits material.
 Flogging Gordon Bell's Memory Thinking about how lifelogs, or flogs, would fundamentally change psychotherapy and psychiatry.
 "A Head For Detail" Clive Thompson, Fast Company

Microsoft Research
Lifelogging
Trusted Network Connect. Trusted Network Connect (TNC) is an open architecture for network access control, promulgated by the Trusted Network Connect Work Group (TNC-WG) of the Trusted Computing Group (TCG).

History
The TNC architecture was first introduced at the RSA Conference in 2005. TNC was originally a network access control standard with a goal of multi-vendor endpoint policy enforcement.

In 2009 TCG announced expanded specifications which extended the specifications to systems outside of the enterprise network. Additional uses for TNC which have been reported include Industrial Control System (ICS), SCADA security, and physical security.

Specifications
Specifications introduced by the TNC Work Group:
 TNC Architecture for Interoperability 
 IF-IMC - Integrity Measurement Collector Interface  
 IF-IMV - Integrity Measurement Verifier Interface
 IF-TNCCS - Trusted Network Connect Client-Server Interface
 IF-M - Vendor-Specific IMC/IMV Messages Interface 
 IF-T - Network Authorization Transport Interface
 IF-PEP - Policy Enforcement Point Interface
 IF-MAP - Metadata Access Point Interface 
 CESP - Clientless Endpoint Support Profile
 Federated TNC

Adoption
A partial list of vendors who have adopted TNC Standards:

 ArcSight
 Aruba Networks
 Avenda Systems
 Enterasys
 Extreme Networks 
 Fujitsu
 IBM
 Pulse Secure

 Juniper Networks
 Lumeta
 McAfee
 Microsoft
 Nortel
 ProCurve
 strongSwan
 Wave Systems

Also, networking by 
 Cisco
 HP
 Symantec
 Trapeze Networks
 Tofino

TNC Customer Adoption
The U.S. Army has planned to use this technology to enhance the security of its computer networks.

The South Carolina Department of Probation, Parole, and Pardon Services has tested a TNC-SCAP integration combination in a pilot program.

See also
IF-MAP
Trusted Computing
Trusted Computing Group
Trusted Internet Connection

References

Sources
Dornan, Andy. “'Trusted Network Connect' Puts Hardware Security Agent In Every PC”, “Information Week Magazine”, UBM Techweb Publishing.
Vijayan, Jaikumar. “Vendor Group Adds Net Access Specs”,  “Computer World Magazine”, IDG Publishing.
Higgins, Kelly Jackson. “Trusted Computing Group Widens Security Specs Beyond Enterprise Networks”, “Dark Reading”, UBM Techweb Publishing.
Townsend, Mark. “Naked endpoints on your net, and what to do about them”, “SC Magazine”, Haymarket Media.
Fang, Juan and Zeng, Hongli. “The Model of Trusted Network Connect Based on Credibility of the Hierarchy”, nswctc, vol. 2, pp. 454–457, 2010 Second International Conference on Networks Security, Wireless Communications and Trusted Computing, 2010.
Howard, Scott (2010-06)(“Securing SCADA and Control Networks”,  “Ürün Koruma”.
Mağaza Güvenlik. , “Mağaza Güvenlik”.
Mağaza Alarm Sistemleri. , “Mağaza Alarm Sistemleri”.

Computer network security
Trusted computing
Texas Genco. Texas Genco was  a  power generation company that came about as part of the  deregulated Texas electricity market and owned numerous power plants in the Houston area that serve area power needs.   The Company was created in 2001 as part of the Texas electricity market deregulation.  Incumbent utilities were required to separate their business functions into a retail electric provider (REP), a transmission and distribution service  provider (TDSP), and a wholesale generator.

In 2000, Reliant Energy announced that it was splitting its business into separate regulated and unregulated businesses.
This split formed Reliant Resources, an unregulated electricity and energy company, and Centerpoint Energy, the remaining mostly regulated energy delivery company. Reliant Energy's power plants became a wholly owned subsidiary of Centerpoint Energy. The new company was known as Texas Genco.

When the state of Texas deregulated the electricity market, the former Houston Lighting & Power (HL&P) was split into several companies. In 2003 HL&P was split into Reliant Energy, Texas Genco, and CenterPoint Energy.

Seeking opportunities arising out of the deregulation of the electricity industry in Texas, in late 2004 four private equity firms—the Texas Pacific Group, the Blackstone Group, Kohlberg Kravis Roberts, and Hellman & Friedman of San Francisco—combined forces to purchase Texas Genco from the transmission & distribution provider utility Centerpoint Energy for Houston.

This coalition of firms acquired Texas Genco—which was the second largest operator of power generation facilities in the state—for a price of approximately $1.9 billion—using just $900 million in cash.

In late 2005, these private equity firms announced the sale of Texas Genco to NRG Energy of Princeton, N.J., for a price of roughly $5.9 billion. The investors achieved a gain of almost $5 billion over the space of an investment holding period of less than 18 months, a return that will mark one of the most lucrative private equity investments in recent years.

See also 

Genco

External links
Deregulation of the Texas electricity market
"The Deal That Even Awed Them in Houston," by Simon Romero, The New York Times

References

NRG Energy
Companies based in Houston
Companies established in 2001
Energy in Texas
Corporate subsidiaries
GS&WR Class 201. The GS&WR Class 201 was a class of ten  locomotives designed by Locomotive Engineer, Henry Ivatt in 1887 for shunting heavy goods trains at Kingsbridge and Cork yards. Although the design is generally attributed to Ivatt they were actually created in the last year of Alexander McDonnell's tenure.  The locomotives were built in three batch with variations between batches: Nos. 207—210 were introduced in 1887; 201 and 202 followed in 1895 taking numbers formerly held by Sambo and Negro; while the final batch 214—217 emerged in 1901.

Design

The decision to proceed with an  design was discussed between Ivatt and John Aspinall due to issues with preceding  locomotives.  Ivatt's design incorporated the same cylinders, coupled-wheels and boilers as the s.

Service

Constraints on the locomotive design meant that the coupled wheelbase had to be as short as possible to negotiate the curves in the dock areas but the locomotive had to have sufficient power available for the increasing load of the trains.

Under the system employed by the Great Southern Railways they became Class J11. All of the class survived until 1949, with No. 217 being withdrawn in 1961 and No. 201 withdrawn in 1963.

References

Footnotes

Sources
 
 
 
 
 

0-6-0T locomotives
Steam locomotives of Ireland
Railway locomotives introduced in 1887
5 ft 3 in gauge locomotives
Scrapped locomotives
Energy forestry. Energy forestry is a form of forestry in which a fast-growing species of tree or woody shrub is grown specifically to provide biomass or biofuel for heating or power generation.

The two forms of energy forestry are short rotation coppice and short rotation forestry:
Short rotation coppice may include tree crops of poplar, willow or eucalyptus, grown for two to five years before harvest.
Short rotation forestry are crops of alder, ash, birch, eucalyptus, poplar, and sycamore, grown for eight to twenty years before harvest.

Benefits

The main advantage of using "grown fuels", as opposed to fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas and oil, is that while they are growing they absorb the near-equivalent of carbon dioxide (an important greenhouse gas) to that which is later released in their burning. In comparison, burning fossil fuels increases atmospheric carbon unsustainably, by using carbon that was added to the Earth's carbon sink millions of years ago. This is a prime contributor to climate change.

According to the FAO, compared to other energy crops, wood is among the most efficient sources of bioenergy in terms of the quantity of energy released by unit of carbon emitted. Other advantages of generating energy from trees, as opposed to agricultural crops, are that trees do not have to be harvested each year, the harvest can be delayed when market prices are down, and the products can fulfil a variety of end-uses.

Yields of some varieties can be as high as 11 oven dry tonnes per hectare every year. However, commercial experience on plantations in Scandinavia have shown lower yield rates.

These crops can also be used in bank stabilisation and phytoremediation. In fact, experiments in Sweden with willow plantations have proved to have many beneficial effects on the soil and water quality when compared to conventional agricultural crops (such as cereal). This beneficial effects have been the basis for the designed of multifunctional production systems to meet emerging bioenergy demands and at the same time, increase the local biodiversity, reduce soil erosion and nutrient emissions to water, increase soil carbon, enhance pollination, and avoid or mitigate flooding events.

Problems

Although in many areas of the world government funding is still required to support large scale development of energy forestry as an industry, it is seen as a valuable component of the renewable energy network and will be increasingly important in the future.

Growing trees is relatively water intensive.

The system of energy forestry has faced criticism over food vs. fuel, whereby it has become financially profitable to replace food crops with energy crops. However, such energy forests do not necessarily compete with food crops for highly productive land as they can be grown on slopes, marginal, or degraded land as well – sometimes even with long-term restoration purposes in mind.

See also

Biofuel
Biomass
Energy crop
Food vs. fuel
Issues relating to biofuels
Short rotation coppice
Short rotation forestry
Treethanol

References

Biofuels technology
Energy crops
Forest management
C.a.R.. C.a.R.– Compass and Ruler (also known as Z.u.L., which stands for the German "Zirkel und Lineal") — is a free and open source interactive geometry app that can do geometrical constructions in Euclidean and non-Euclidean geometry.
The software is Java based.
The author is René Grothmann of the Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt.
It is licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL).

Assignments

Assignments make possible to create Java applets, for a construction exercises.
These applets can be used from the command line using the AppletViewer.
(Previously, they could be run in a browser, but Java support in browsers has been disabled in recent years.)

See also

 Graphmatica
 GeoGebra
 CaRMetal
 Compass-and-straightedge construction

External links
C.a.R.
 History of the C.a.R.

Free educational software
Free interactive geometry software
Java platform software
PWE3. In 2001, the IETF set up the Pseudowire Emulation Edge to Edge working group, and this group was given the initialism PWE3 (the 3 standing for the third power of E, i.e. EEE). The working group was chartered to develop an architecture for service provider edge-to-edge pseudowires and service-specific documents detailing the encapsulation techniques. 

In computer networking and telecommunications, a pseudowire (PW) is an emulation of a native service over a packet-switched network (PSN). The native service may be ATM, Frame Relay, Ethernet, low-rate TDM, or SONET/SDH, while the PSN may be MPLS, IP (either IPv4 or IPv6), or L2TPv3.

The working group chairs were originally Danny McPherson and Luca Martini, 
but following Martini's resignation Stewart Bryant became co-chair.

External links
 Charter for PWE3 Working Group : http://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/pwe3/charter/

Computer network organizations
Dimethyldioctadecylammonium chloride. Dimethyldioctadecylammonium chloride (also commonly distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride or distearyldimonium chloride) is an organic compound classified as quaternary ammonium salt.  The nitrogen center substituted with two methyl groups and two stearyl groups.  The combination of long-chain hydrocarbon groups and the cationic ammonium confers surfactant- or a detergent-like properties. For professional use only, it can be found in many wares-and-equipment sanitizers as well as cleaner/sanitizer combinations that are standard in the foodservice industry – it was once a major component of fabric softeners, but has been largely phased out because of its low biodegradability.  In household products, it may also be found as an ingredient in cosmetics and hair conditioners in which it is added primarily for its antistatic effects.  It is also used in organic synthesis as a phase transfer catalyst to increase reaction rates in a two-phase organic-water system.

See also
 Dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide – corresponding bromide salt
 Didecyldimethylammonium chloride – shorter di-C10 analogue

References

Quaternary ammonium compounds
Cationic surfactants
Household chemicals
Laundry substances
Curtis Priem. Curtis R. Priem (born ) is an American electrical engineer. After co-founding the Nvidia Corporation, he left the company and sold all of his shares in Nvidia by 2006.

Career 
He received a Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1982. He designed the first graphics processor for the PC, the IBM Professional Graphics Adapter.

From 1986 to 1993, he was a senior staff engineer at Sun Microsystems, where he developed the GX graphics chip. He co-founded Nvidia with Jen-Hsun Huang and Chris Malachowsky and was its chief technical officer from 1993 to 2003. He retired from Nvidia in 2003 and sold all of his shares in the company by 2006. In November 2023, Forbes estimated Priem's net worth to be approximately $30 million; if he had retained his shares in Nvidia, Forbes estimated that Priem would have been worth $70 billion.   

In 2000, Priem was named Entrepreneur of the Year. From 2003 to 2007 he was a trustee of Rensselaer. In 2004 he announced that he would donate an unrestricted gift of $40 million to the Institute. Rensselaer subsequently created the Curtis R. Priem Experimental Media and Performing Arts Center, named in his honor and usually referred to as "EMPAC" for short.

He is also president of the Priem Family Foundation, which he established with his wife Veronica in September, 1999. The foundation is non-operating (i.e., has no office or staff, and therefore, no overhead) and exists only to give money to other foundations or charities.

References

Nvidia people
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
1950s births
American technology company founders
American electrical engineers
American chief technology officers
American philanthropists
HashClash. HashClash was a volunteer computing project running on the Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC) software platform to find collisions in the MD5 hash algorithm. It was based at Department of Mathematics and Computer Science at the Eindhoven University of Technology, and Marc Stevens initiated the project as part of his master's degree thesis.

The project ended after Stevens defended his M.Sc. thesis in June 2007.  However, SHA1 was added later, and the code repository was ported to git in 2017.

The project was used to create a rogue certificate authority certificate in 2009.

See also
 Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC)
 List of volunteer computing projects

References

External links
 HashClash
 HashClash at Stevens' home page
 Create your own MD5 collisions on AWS, Nat McHugh's blog

Science in society
Free science software
Volunteer computing projects
Cryptography
Cryptanalytic software
EVT. EVT may refer to:

 Endovascular thrombectomy, a therapy for ischemic strokes or other ischemia
 Engineering validation test, testing of prototypes for viability
 Estill Voice Training, a program for developing vocal skills
 EVT Limited, formerly Event Hospitality and Entertainment, an Australian company
 Expectancy-value theory, in communications
 Expectancy violations theory, in communications
 Extreme value theorem, in calculus
 Extreme value theory, in statistics
 Electrically variable transmission, a type of vehicle transmission
 .evt, a file extension for Windows event logs
Engineering validation test. An engineering verification test (EVT) is performed on first engineering prototypes, to ensure that the basic unit performs to design goals and specifications. Verification ensures that designs meets requirements and specification while validation ensures that created entity meets the user needs and objectives.

Tests
Tests may include:
 Functional test (basic)
 Power measurement
 Signal quality test
 Conformance test
 Electromagnetic interference (EMI) pre-scan
 Thermal and four-corner test
 Basic parametric measurements, specification verification

Importance
Identifying design problems and solving them as early in the design cycle as possible is a key to keeping projects on time and within budget. Too often, product design and performance problems are not detected until late in the product development cycle, when the product is ready to be shipped.

Prototyping
In the prototyping stage, engineers create actual working samples of the product they plan to produce. Engineering verification testing (EVT)  is used on prototypes to verify that the design meets pre-determined specifications and design goals. This valuable information is used to validate the design as is, or identify areas that need to be modified.

Design Verification Test
Design Verification Test (DVT) is an intensive testing program which is performed to deliver objective, comprehensive testing verifying all product specifications, interface standards, Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) requirements, and diagnostic commands. It consists of the following areas of testing:
 Functional testing (including usability)
 Performance testing
 Climatic testing
 Reliability testing
 Environmental testing
 Mechanical testing
 Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) prediction
 Conformance testing
 Electromagnetic compatibility (Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)) testing and certification
 Safety certification

Design refinement
After prototyping, the product is moved to the next phase of the design cycle: design refinement. Engineers revise and improve the design to meet performance and design requirements and specifications.

References

External links 
 https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/design-control-guidance-medical-device-manufacturers, "Design Control Guidance For Medical Device Manufacturers", Section F: "Design Verification".

Quality control
Product testing
Plugpoint. Plugpoint is a term for application programming interface (API).  In use, one may say plugpoint to indicate a specific place in an API, or in the API of a framework designed to have software components "plugged" into it. However, plugpoint has no particular meaning in major APIs and frameworks such as .NET, J2EE, and web services. API, listener, interface, and endpoint are accepted terms used in formal documentation.

Plugpoint is a well established term for electrical power-supply devices, such as specific types of wallanisotropic sockets, remote-controlled power devices, and other similar devices.  Plugpoint may also refer to the locations where plug-in appliances are permitted at trade shows or other activities where flexible power facilities are required.

References

Computer jargon