omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Mark XI. Mark XI or Mark 11 often refers to the 11th version of a product, frequently military hardware. "Mark", meaning "model" or "variant", can be abbreviated "Mk." 

Mark XI or Mark 11 may refer to:

Military
 Mark 11 torpedo (1926), American surface combatant torpedo
 Mark XI torpedo (1934), British aircraft-delivered torpedo
 Hedgehog Mark 11, variant of the Hedgehog, a British anti-submarine spigot mortar weapon
 Supermarine Spitfire Mk XI (1942-1944), variant of the Supermarine Spitfire, a British photo reconnaissance aircraft
 Bristol Beaufighter Mk XIC, variant of the Bristol Beaufighter, a British Coastal Command long range heavy fighter
 Mark 11 missile launcher, a naval based missile launcher
 Mark 11 nuclear bomb (1956-1960), an American nuclear bomb
 United States Navy Mk 11 Mod 0 Sniper Weapon System, based on the SR-25

Other uses
 Mark 11 or Mark XI, the eleventh chapter of the Gospel of Mark in the New Testament of the Christian Bible
 Mortal Kombat 11, a 2019 fighting video game
Erect image. In optics, an erect image is one that appears right-side up. An image is formed when rays from a point on the original object meet again after passing through an optical system. In an erect image, directions are the same as those in the object, in contrast to an inverted image. It is one of the properties of images formed in a plane mirror.
Some telescopes and other devices such as the camera obscura present an inverted image on the viewing surface. Mirrors and compound prism elements can be used to achieve an erect image instead.

See also
Real image
Virtual image
Mirror image

Optics
Fluoroelastomer. A fluoroelastomer is a fluorocarbon-based synthetic rubber. Fluoroelastomers generally have wide chemical resistance.

Composition
Several compositions of fluoroelastomers exist including FKM (by ASTM D1418 standard, equivalent to FPM by ISO/DIN 1629 standard); perfluoro-elastomers (FFKM); and tetrafluoro ethylene/propylene rubbers (FEPM).

Performance
The performance of fluoroelastomers in aggressive chemicals depends on the nature of the base polymer and the compounding ingredients used for moulding the final products (e.g. O-rings, shaft seals). This performance can vary significantly when end-users purchase polymer-containing rubber goods from different sources. Fluoroelastomers are generally compatible with hydrocarbons, but incompatible with ketones such as acetone and organic acids such as acetic acid.

References

External links 
 Properties of Elastomers - Chemical Resitancelist (PDF; 0,6 MB)
 Designing with Fluoroelastomers (PDF; 0,8 MB)

Fluoropolymers
Elastomers
List of longest masonry arch bridge spans. The masonry arch bridges of stone or brick are the most genuine of arch bridges, some lasting a thousand years. Because they are made of worked stone, there is a slight chance they might even stand without mortar, like the Pont du Gard aqueduct. Yet arch bridges using rough hewn stones like Changhong Bridge need mortar to stand. Arches with a core of reinforced concrete covered by facade stone for decoration are not to be included in this list, the load-bearing part of the arch should be cut stone or brick, or as follows, unreinforced concrete.

In a closed spandrel stone arch bridge the hollow space can be filled with rubble and loose material. It can also be filled with concrete, in which case the filling itself becomes able to bear load in addition to the load carried by the ring of voussoirs. If the voussoir stones are thin they cannot take much weight so instead it is the concrete filling that becomes the structural part of the arch. The next step is to remove the voussoir stones completely, or only use them as facade stones. An unreinforced concrete arch is technically a masonry arch that use only very small stones, that is the aggregate of the concrete, sand and gravel. Such an arch would not stand without mortar.

Some modern bridges are built masonry style with precast concrete blocks, like Gladesville Bridge that has a span of 305 metres (1000 ft). These types are not in this list because their blocks are most likely made of reinforced concrete, that may make the assembled arch to have more in common with a modern reinforced concrete arch than a stone masonry arch.

The Maidenhead Railway Bridge may have the two longest arches made of bricks, .

Building new masonry arch bridges today is a solely Chinese business. There are 18 stone arch bridges with spans exceeding . There are probably several dozens of stone arches exceeding 40m in the Fujian province only. Almost all bridges were built after 1950.

This list contains the longest masonry arch spans ever built being at least .

See also

 
 
 List of longest arch bridge spans
 List of spans (list of remarkable permanent wire spans)

References
 Structurae.com, International Database for Civil and Structural Engineering 

 Others references

Further reading
 
 

Arch,masonry,longest
Bridges, masonry arch
Bridges,Arch
Bridges,Masonry arch,longest
Flame (robot). Flame is the name of a roughly human-shaped robot, developed in the Netherlands by Daan Hobbelen of the Mechanical Engineering department of Delft University. Robot motion is more easily done with wheels, but this robot was designed specifically to study human walking. It is 130 cm tall and weights 15 kg.

Flame is a continuation of Denise, another walking robot developed at Delft University, which featured in a Science article in 2005. Just like Denise, Flame walks through controlled falling. It does not try to keep balance, but accepts that it loses balance and reacts to that by placing a foot such that it will stop the fall. Do this continuously, and the result is walking. The idea is that humans walk in the same manner.

Flame uses just a little more energy than a human of the same weight. It turned out Flame walked most efficiently if the 'rear heel' is lifted the moment the 'front heel' hits the ground. Humans do the same.

Flame works differently from Japanese robots, which are generally based on assembly line robots and know exactly what to do when because the environment is fixed. For example, they can walk up stairs quite impressively, but only the set of stairs that they have been programmed for. According to Hobbelen this approach is a dead end. Flame is more flexible and reacts to changing circumstances.

References

External links
 Homepage
 
 

Bipedal humanoid robots
Robots of the Netherlands
Delft University of Technology
2000s robots
Caterpillar D2. The Caterpillar D2 is an agricultural tractor manufactured by Caterpillar.  It was introduced in 1938 and was the smallest diesel powered track-type tractor manufactured by Caterpillar.

Overview
The Caterpillar D2 was manufactured from 1938 through 1957 by Caterpillar Inc. in their factory in Peoria, Illinois, USA. The base frame of this model of tractor is a crawler, and it is equipped with five forward gears and one reverse gear. The D2's weight ranges from about , depending upon the year it was manufactured. Caterpillar began producing this model (among others) in response to the "New Deal" programs that were initiated by President Franklin Roosevelt to stimulate America's economy. A total of 26,454 D2's were made over the nineteen years they were in production.

References

External links

Caterpillar Inc. vehicles
Tractors
Skycraft Scout. The Skycraft Scout is an Australian designed and built single-seat, tail dragger, microlight airplane, used primarily for recreational aviation.

Design and development
In July 1972 a Sydney boat builder named Ronald Gilbert Wheeler made the first flight of a minimum aircraft which he'd designed and built himself, and which he put into series production soon thereafter. At the time Ron was building catamarans in Sydney's southern suburbs. Having already developed 'Tweetie', a successful hang glider, Wheeler simply modified the design of the glider to have the pilot seated instead of hanging below the wings, and of course to accommodate an engine.

Marketed as the Skycraft Scout, this was the world's first commercially produced ultra light – rigid wing rather than a Rogallo – and spawned a new Australian industry. 

Ron had no experience in aircraft design and claims to have started the project on a whim in his spare time. Using sources referenced from the library at Sydney Technical College and Hurstville local Library he built up a working knowledge of aerodynamics. In his 1975 patent application (number 494013) Wheeler claims to have "improve[ed]the flight characteristics of the rogallo wing by so cutting and sewing the fabric as to shape the wing to form an aerofoil section having an increasing angle of attack from the root to the tip of the wing as well as increasing the area of the wing at the outer span region relative to that of a conventional rogallo configuration."

The Scout was a factory-built minimum aircraft that utilised yacht fittings from his local marine shop. The early Scout was an extremely basic machine, which utilised Dacron sailcloth for the wing covering, lanyards and battens and an aluminium yacht mast as the wing spar. It was initially powered by a modified Victa lawnmower engine and, unlike a conventional aeroplane, had only rudder and elevator controls. Nevertheless, on a good day, it usually flew.

Significantly, the Scout was the first ultralight aircraft to be covered by airworthiness regulations in the world, in this case-Australia's Air Navigation Order(ANO)95.10 issued by the Department of Transport. In 1975 Ron Wheeler approached The Department of Transport to issue an Air Navigation Order regulation for ultralight and minimum aircraft. Subsequently, the Department issued ANO 95.10 for unlicensed pilots to fly aircraft weighing less than 180 kilograms under a number of restrictive conditions, including altitude restrictions, and not to fly over sealed roads. This allowed the ultralight aircraft industry to take-off, and Wheeler went into full-time production of the Scout as a leisure craft.

Specifications

See also
 Recreational Aviation Australia

External links

Surviving examples
 Darwin Aviation Museum
 Australian Aviation Museum, Bankstown, NSW.
 Powerhouse Museum, Sydney.
 Museum Victoria, Melbourne.
 Recreational Aviation Australia Museum, Narrommine, NSW.

Video links
 Skycraft Scout Mk III
 The Scout at Cranbrook
 Skycraft Scout Ultralight in 1982

External links

1970s Australian ultralight aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Tang Zhongming. Tang Zhongming (; 1897–1980) was a Chinese engineer and inventor. Zhong-Ming Tang was born to a poor family in 1897. He attended elementary and middle school in Henan province graduating from Huaiqing Middle School at age 19, when he then attended Kaifeng Teachers Training Institute and the Beijing French School. From June 1919 to 1926 he studied in France. 	

Zhong-Ming Tang returned to China in 1926 during the time of the world oil crisis. In China (Kaifeng and Zhengzhou) he worked to develop a charcoal powered car to aid in China's energy efficiency and independence, which had been an issue during World War I. In 1931, he created an internal combustion engine powered by charcoal  and mounted it in an automobile. In 1932 he founded Chung Ming Machinery Co., Ltd. in Shanghai, to produce commercially available charcoal fueled cars. During World War II (1937) the charcoal car grew in popularity due to the high price of oil.  His charcoal cars were popular until the early 1950s. Starting then, their popularity dropped, especially in Southwest China where inexpensive fuel was easily accessible. Thereafter, the rest of China stopped buying charcoal-powered cars as much as before.

External links
在开封研制成功的木炭汽车

References

Chinese automotive pioneers
20th-century Chinese inventors
Engineers from Henan
1980 deaths
1897 births
Potassium dicyanoargentate. Potassium dicyanoargentate is an inorganic compound with the formula KAg(CN)2. A white solid, it is the K+ salt of the linear coordination complex [Ag(CN)2]−.  It forms upon treatment of virtually any silver salt with two equivalents of potassium cyanide.

Uses and reactions
KAg(CN)2 is significant adventitious product of gold mining using cyanide as an extractant.

It can be used in silver plating, as a bactericide, and in the manufacture of antiseptics.

It forms a variety of coordination polymers, a property that exploits the bridging tendency of the cyanide ligand.

References

Potassium compounds
Silver compounds
Cyano complexes
Aero, British Columbia. Aero or Aero Camp was a logging camp and associated post office on Moresby Island in Haida Gwaii off the North Coast of British Columbia, Canada.  It was founded in 1933 by the A. P. Allison Logging Company, and originally known as Allison Camp.

Early history 
In 1936, a logging railroad was constructed to give the beach-based camp access to inland timber.  At the start of World War II, Aero Camp became a source of high quality Sitka spruce used to build aircraft, including the famous mosquito bomber.  In 1942, at the height of the war, the camp was taken over by Aero Timber Products Ltd.  At this point the camp's name was changed to Aero Camp.

Aero Post Office 
The Aero post office was designated on October 7, 1948, and opened on October 23 of that year, and closed on January 15, 1958.  Aero was listed as a steamboat landing and appeared on the regular scheduled services of the Union Steamship Company of British Columbia in 1954, 1955 and 1957.  From 1959 to 1964 the landing was served by Northland Navigation Company steamers.  Logging had ceased by 1965 but a watchman remained on site and the wharf remained in use by fishing vessels.

References

BCGNIS listing "Aero" (Former locality) 

Ghost towns in British Columbia
Populated places in Haida Gwaii
Phlegmatizer. A phlegmatizer is a compound that minimizes the explosive tendency of another compound or material. The term is derived from the word phlegmatic, meaning 'not easily excited'.  Many chemical compounds that are potentially explosive have useful non-explosive applications.  One large family of phlegmatizers are phthalate esters, which are used as solvents to minimize the explosive tendency of organic peroxides, such as dibenzoyl peroxide and MEKP, which are widely used initiators for polymerizations.

References

Liquid explosives
Organic peroxide explosives
Francisco Barnés de Castro. Francisco José Barnés de Castro (born 11 September 1946, in Mexico City) is a Mexican academic and consultant. From 6 January 1997 to 12 November 1999 he served as rector of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), the largest university in the Spanish-speaking world.

Barnés de Castro graduated with a bachelor's degree in chemical engineering from the National Autonomous University of Mexico and received both a master's degree and a doctorate degree in the same discipline from University of California, Berkeley. He is a long-standing academic and researcher at the National Autonomous University, where he has led the Faculty of Chemistry and served as rector until a major student strike, provoked by his proposal to significantly increase its tuition, forced him to resign.

In the public sector, he has served as Undersecretary of Hydrocarbons and Undersecretary of Energy Policy Technological Development at the Mexican Secretariat of Energy, as Director-General of the Mexican Petroleum Institute and Commissioner of the Energy Regulatory Commission. Overseas, he has worked as an international consultant for the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy and in the Joint Public Consultative Committee of the Commission for Environmental Cooperation of North America.

Barnés de Castro has authored more than 27 articles, proceedings and papers in specialized journals and over 15 on educational subjects. He has chaired the Mexican Institute of Chemical Engineers, the Mexican Chemical Society, the National College of Chemical Engineers and Chemists and he is a member of the Mexican Academy of Engineering.

References

National Autonomous University of Mexico alumni
UC Berkeley College of Chemistry alumni
Academic staff of the National Autonomous University of Mexico
Mexican chemical engineers
Academics from Mexico City
Living people
1946 births
Austek Microsystems. Austek Microsystems Pty. Ltd. (1984–1994) was an Australian company founded by Craig Mudge to commercialize technology developed by CSIRO through their VLSI programme. It had a design office in Adelaide, and a marketing and support office in Silicon Valley.

Austek produced a number of digital signal processing chips, but commercially their most successful products were cache controllers. In 1987 it released the A38152, the world's first single-chip cache controller, to enhance the performance of 80386-based computer systems; it operated at 20 MHz. This was followed in 1989 by the A38202 cache controller, also for 80386-based systems.

Austek however was unable to compete with Intel in the cache controller market. In 1992 the Adelaide design office closed, the headquarters moved to Silicon Valley, and the company attempted to expand into chipsets. The company was wound up in 1994.

Austek provided an environment of innovation, mentoring, design challenges, and experience that later went on to inject expertise to the VLSI industry within Australia and internationally.

References

External links
Austek history to 1988, published by Australian Science and Technology Heritage Centre
Austek Microsystems Pty Ltd (1984 - c. 1994), "Australian Science at Work", published by The University of Melbourne eScholarship Research Centre
The Austek A38152
The Austek A38202
Austek's correlator chip

Defunct technology companies of Australia
Electronics companies of Australia
The Circle (file system). The Circle is a peer-to-peer distributed file system written mainly in Python. It is based on the Chord distributed hash table (DHT).

Development on the Circle was ceased in 2004.

Features
It supports file sharing, instant messaging with buddy lists, the Internet Relay Chat model of sending a message to a channel, and a personalized, trust-based news service.

More unusually, it supports:
 finding and sending messages to people who aren't currently online;
 a proxy for the Debian Advanced Packaging Tool system; and
 a probabilistic mechanism for sharing common keys between nodes, something not present in all DHT implementations.

Details
Its DHT implementation is vulnerable to denial of service attacks.

From The Circle homepage:
The Circle is a scalable decentralized peer-to-peer application.... There's no central authority running the show. Which means no entry taxes, no one booting you off the network, and (in theory) no weak point which can break the whole system. As long is there's one Circle peer running, anywhere in the world, there's still a network. Circle does not try to provide anonymity, which allows it to be much more scalable than gnutella.

The Circle currently runs on Linux, BSD, Windows, and Mac OS X.

External links
 http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/circle/

Circle
ADAM Audio. Advanced Dynamic Audio Monitors (ADAM) Audio is a German company that develops, manufactures, and distributes (active) loudspeakers. The company provides equipment for Home Studio, Professional Audio, Audiovisual Production, Home Audio, Education & Research, and, installations.

History 
ADAM Audio was founded in 1999 in Berlin, Germany. starting with the development of their eXtended Accelerating Ribbon Technology (X-ART) tweeter, based on the invention of the Air Motional Transformer by Oskar Heil in the 1960's. The acronym "ADAM" is also a reference to the Biblical figures Adam and Eve.

The Berlin based factory currently employs a staff of 55; the company is represented in more than 75 countries. Their parent company is Focusrite Group.

See also 

 List of studio monitor manufacturers

References

Manufacturing companies based in Berlin
Loudspeaker manufacturers
Audio equipment manufacturers of Germany
NFC Institute of Engineering and Technology. The NFC Institute of Engineering and Technology Multan (NFC-IET) is a public university located in Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.

Overview
The institute was established in 1985 and initially affiliated with Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan. In 2012, it got its own charter and Malik Akhtar Ali Kalrou is appointed as the first vice-chancellor.

NFC-IET offers undergraduate and postgraduate programs in various fields of engineering and technology, including Electrical, Mechanical, Chemical, Civil, Computer, Architecture and Industrial Engineering.

See also 
 NFC Institute of Engineering and Fertilizer Research, Faisalabad

References

External links 
Official website

Universities and colleges in Multan
Engineering universities and colleges in Pakistan
1985 establishments in Pakistan
Educational institutions established in 1985
Public universities and colleges in Punjab, Pakistan
Bai Keming. Bai Keming (; born October, 1943 in Jingbian County, Yulin, Shaanxi) graduated from the department of missile engineering at Harbin Institute of Military Engineering. He joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in 1975, and was a member of central committee of the 16th CCP National Congress. He was the chief officer of the People's Daily newspaper. He formerly served as the secretary of the CCP Hainan Committee and Hebei Committee. He was a member of the standing committee of the 11th National People's Congress, and he is the former director of the commission of education, science, culture and health of the NPC.

Political Experience

Early years
Bai Keming is the son of Bai Jian, a former vice minister of First Ministry of Mechanics. During the Cultural Revolution, between 1968 and 1970, he was transferred to the "Five Seven Cadre School" in the Heilongjiang military region. Later he was assigned to the science and technology office in the bureau of metallurgy and geology in Heilongjiang Province. In 1970, he was transferred to the second department at Ha'erbin Institute of Naval Engineering and became a lecturer. He returned to Shaanxi in 1973, and served in the scientific study department at the national defense engineering office as well as the second bureau of mechanics in Shaanxi. During the period February 1977 to May 1978 he worked in the second ministry of mechanics.

Career Progression

Provincial Appointments

Retirement

References

External links
www.china.org.cn: Bai Keming 
www.people.com.cn: Resume of Bai Keming 
Bai Keming Re-elected as Secretary of CPC's Hebei Committee

1943 births
Living people
Politicians from Yulin, Shaanxi
People's Republic of China politicians from Shaanxi
Political office-holders in Hainan
Political office-holders in Hebei
Chinese Communist Party politicians from Shaanxi
People's Daily people
Founder Technology. Founder Technology Group Corporation (), a subsidiary of Founder Group from Peking University, is an information technology state-owned enterprise in Shanghai, China. It is engaged in the development of personal computers and computer peripherals, under the brand of "Fang Zheng" (方正), and printed circuit boards.

History
Founder Technology was established in 1986 and listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange in 1990.

See also

References

External links 
  
  

Companies based in Shanghai
Computer companies established in 1986
Chinese companies established in 1986
Computer companies of China
Computer hardware companies
Computer systems companies
Peking University
Government-owned companies of China
Chinese brands