omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Ligature (instrument). A ligature is a device which holds a reed onto the mouthpiece of a single-reed instrument such as a saxophone or clarinet. The ligature must secure the reed firmly against the table of the mouthpiece while allowing it to vibrate freely. The earliest ligatures were lengths of string wrapped over the reed and tied. Iwan Müller invented a metal ligature to replace twine. String is still used by clarinetists, especially in Germany. Modern German mouthpieces have a groove cut into the outside of the mouthpiece to facilitate wrapping with a string ligature. Some modern clarinetists even opt to use shoestring as a ligature substitute as it is more easily adjustable than string. Other modern clarinetists use electrical tape as a ligature.

A ligature must be placed properly in order to allow best performance on a reed instrument. The ligature must be placed at least halfway down the stock of the reed and the screws must not be overtightened, in order to allow free vibration and not distort the reed.

Ligatures are most commonly made out of metal and plated in nickel, silver, or gold. Ligatures are also made out of wire, wire mesh, plastic, naugahyde, heavy nylon fabric, wood, string, or leather. Ligatures fall into two general categories, depending on whether the band contacts the reed or a pressure plate, either riding the band or adjusted inward from a block mounted on the band, using a thumbscrew, is used.

Various features are incorporated into the design of ligatures to hold the reed securely while minimizing pressure distortion of the reed and allowing maximum vibration. Contact rails may be either parallel or transverse to the reed, on either a metal band or pressure plate type ligature. The contact rails may be either metal, wood, or plastic. Pressure plates may also have raised contact points, prongs, or a concave form to control contact with the reed. Some bands are designed for minimal contact with the mouthpiece, allowing even less absorption of the reed's vibrations. Nevertheless, in theory, the reed string remains the best means of fixing the reed with regard to its vibration behaviour, which is why some manufacturers have recently started to offer reed screws in which the reed is held in place with strings, usually made of rubber. With the screw, the tension of the strings can be varied, making the sound brighter or darker.

References

Woodwind instrument parts and accessories
Volta powerhouses. The Volta Powerhouses are hydroelectric generation plants located in southern Shasta County, California, between Shingletown and Manton.  Volta Powerhouse I  was built in 1901 by Keswick Electric Power Company; Volta Powerhouse II was built in 1980.

Notes

Hydroelectric power plants in California
Buildings and structures in Shasta County, California
Energy infrastructure completed in 1901
Energy infrastructure completed in 1980
Nimrod (distributed computing). Nimrod is a tool for the parametrization of serial programs to create and execute embarrassingly parallel programs over a computational grid. It is a co-allocating, scheduling and brokering service.  Nimrod was one of the first tools to make use of heterogeneous resources in a grid for a single computation.  It was also an early example of using a market economy to perform grid scheduling.  This enables Nimrod to provide a guaranteed completion time despite using best-effort services.

The tool was created as a research project funded by the Distributed Systems Technology Centre. The principal investigator is Professor David Abramson of Monash University.

References

External links 
 Nimrod Toolkit the official Nimrod project page at Monash eScience and Grid Engineering Laboratory (MeSsAGE Lab)
 Nimrod: Tools for Distributed Parametric Modelling the former Nimrod project page at Monash University, via archive.org. Archived 22 July 2008.

Grid computing products
SmartWay Transport Partnership. The SmartWay Transport Partnership is a business organization administered by the United States government and designed to encourage businesses to manage logistics in an environmentally responsible way. The program was formed in 2004, and is administered by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and is housed with the USEPA's Office of Transportation and Air Quality (OTAQ) - Transportation and Climate Division (TCD). SmartWay aims to voluntarily achieve improved fuel efficiency and reduce environmental impacts from freight transport. SmartWay currently has approximately 600 member businesses, membership is voluntary. The organization provides incentives and recognition for top performers to encourage continued improvement.

Background and history

The Partnership was officially launched on February 9, 2004, with the support of 15 charter members and the backing of the American Trucking Associations.  Since its inception, the Partnership has expanded to include more than 600 companies and affiliates. 

Partnership members are encouraged to improve fuel savings and reduce emissions in several ways.  Freight carriers may upgrade their truck fleet with various fuel saving technologies and idle reduction methods. Other possible strategies include:

 wind deflectors on the tops, sides, and rear of trucks, to reduce aerodynamic drag;
 fuel-efficient tires and tire inflation systems to reduce rolling resistance;
 idle reduction equipment to power and cool the cab while the truck is not in motion, allowing the engine to be shut off;
 the use of speed governors; and
 the use of hybrid powertrain systems, especially for urban operation trucks.

SmartWay Affiliates, which include various state government agencies and trade groups, play a promotional role for SmartWay by educating policy actors and their members about the benefits of the Partnership.

Goals of the partnership
By 2012, the SmartWay Transport Partnership aimed to save between 3.3 and 6.6 billion gallons of diesel fuel per year, which translates to eliminating between 33 - 66 million metric tons of carbon dioxide emissions and up to 200,000 tons of nitrous oxide emissions per year.  The Partnership also aimed to reduce large amounts of particulate matter (PM).

Technologies
Semi-trailer aerodynamic device, including trailer skirts and trailer tails recognized under the SmartWay program

See also
 Fuel efficiency
 Green vehicle

References

External links
SmartWay website
July 2006 article on greening the supply chain from InboundLogistics.com

United States Environmental Protection Agency
Transportation associations in the United States
Cisco Security Agent. Cisco Security Agent (CSA) was an endpoint intrusion prevention system software made originally by Okena (formerly named StormWatch Agent), which was bought by Cisco Systems in 2003.

The software is rule-based and it examines system activities and network traffic, determining which behaviors are normal and which may indicate an attack. CSA was offered as a replacement for Cisco IDS Host Sensor, which was announced end-of-life on 21 February 2003. This end-of-life action resulted from Cisco's acquisition of Okena, Inc., and the Cisco Security Agent product line based on the Okena technology would replace the Cisco IDS Host Sensor product line from Entercept.

As a result of this end-of-life action, Cisco offered a no-cost, one-for-one product replacement/migration program for all Cisco IDS Host Sensor customers to the new Cisco Security Agent product line. The intent of this program was to support existing IDS Host Sensor customers who chose to migrate to the new Cisco Security Agent product line.

All Cisco IDS Host Sensor customers were eligible for this migration program, whether or not the customer had purchased a Cisco Software Application Support (SAS) service contract for their Cisco IDS Host Sensor products.

CSA uses a two or three-tier client-server architecture. The Management Center (MC) (Management Console) contains the program logic. An MS SQL database backend is used to store alerts and configuration information. The MC and SQL database may be co-resident on the same system.

The agent is installed on the desktops and/or servers to be protected and communicates with the Management Center, sending logged events to the Management Center and receiving updates on rules when they occur.

A Network World article dated 17 December 2009 stated, "Cisco hinted that it will end-of-life both CSA and MARS"—full article linked below.

On 11 June 2010, Cisco announced the end-of-life and end-of-sale of CSA. Cisco did not offer any replacement products.

See also
Network Intrusion Prevention System

References

External links
- "Surviving the Cisco CSA Transition" Endpoint Security Whitepaper
[Kaspersky.com Alternative to CSA]
End-of-Life Announcement – Cisco Press Release
Cisco Security Agent – Cisco's product page for the Agent software
Cisco IT Case Study about Cisco Security Agent
Cisco IDS Host Sensor Migration Program
EOS and EOL of for the Cisco IDS Host Sensor Product Line
 Cisco hinted EOL for CSA – Network World article

Internet Protocol based network software
Computer network security
Windows security software
Solaris software
Cisco products
James William McBain. James William McBain FRS (March 22, 1882 – March 12, 1953) was a Canadian chemist.

He gained a Master of Arts at Toronto University and a Doctor of Science at Heidelberg University.

He carried out pioneering work in the area of micelles at the University of Bristol. As early as 1913 he postulated the existence of "colloidal ions", now known as micelles, to explain the good electrolytic conductivity of sodium palmitate solutions. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in May 1923  He won their Davy Medal in 1939.

References

Fellows of the Royal Society
1882 births
1953 deaths
Canadian physical chemists
HMS Hornet (1854). HMS Hornet was a 17-gun wooden screw sloop of the  of the Royal Navy, launched in 1854 and broken up in 1868.

Construction
Originally ordered in April 1847 as a "Screw Schooner", she was suspended in August 1847 and re-ordered on 1 November 1850 to the same design as HMS Cruizer.  The wooden sloops of the Cruizer class were designed under the direction of Lord John Hay, and after his "Committee of Reference" was disbanded, their construction was supervised by the new Surveyor of the Navy, Sir Baldwin Walker.  Hornet was laid down at the Royal Dockyard, Deptford in June 1851.  Her two-cylinder horizontal single-expansion steam engine, which was supplied by James Watt & Company at a cost of £5,450, generated an indicated horsepower of ; driving a single screw, this gave a maximum speed of .  The class was given a barque-rig sail plan.

Armament
All the ships of the class were provided with one 32-pounder (56 cwt) long gun on a pivot mount and sixteen 32-pounder (32 cwt) carriage guns in a broadside arrangement.

History
Hornet served in the Baltic in 1854 during the Crimean War, and from 1854 until 1859 she served in the East Indies and in China, taking part in the Second Opium War. After a refit in 1859–1860 she recommissioned for the Cape of Good Hope Station and served both there and on the East Indies Station.

The Russian War (1854)
Under Commander Frederick Archibald Campbell Hornet served in the Baltic campaign of 1854 during the Russian War.

The East Indies and China Stations (1854 - 1856)
On 25 April 1855 Hornet, along with HMS Sybille and HMS Bittern, under Commodore The Hon. Charles Elliot discovered Liancourt Rocks in the Sea of Japan, at .  It was about a mile in extent, running in a NW by W and SE by E direction and formed together by a reef of rocks.  The Hornets commander at the time, Charles Codrington Forsyth, noted in the ship's log:

The Second Opium War (1856 - 1859)

On 12 November 1856, in company with Calcutta, Nankin, Encounter, Barracouta and Coromandel, she bombarded and captured the Bogue forts and the next day, the Anunghoy forts. Christmas 1856 was spent as Guardship at Canton (now Guangzhou).  In 1857 she spent much of her time at Hong Kong and in the Canton River, culminating in the capture of Canton on 28 December 1857 under Rear-Admiral Sir Michael Seymour. In February 1859 she sailed for England, decommissioning in Portsmouth on 14 July 1859.

The Cape of Good Hope and East Indies Stations (1860 - 1864)
On 20 July 1860 Hornet recommissioned for service on the Cape of Good Hope Station under Commander William Buller Fullerton Elphinstone.  She also served during this period on the East Indies Station.

Disposal
Hornet decommissioned at Portsmouth on 22 September 1864 and was broken up by White of Cowes in 1868.

Commanding officers

Citations

References

External links
 

Cruizer-class sloops
Victorian-era sloops of the United Kingdom
Ships built in Deptford
1854 ships
Crimean War naval ships of the United Kingdom
C.AR (automobiles). C.AR was a Greek automotive company, founded in 1970. Originally it was called ARCO, both names being formed from the name of its founder, Constantinos Argyriadis, an engineer and architect. With its headquarters in Thessaloniki and a well-equipped factory in Kilkis it concentrated on design and development of automobiles and related technologies, including composite materials, novel suspension and brake designs, electric vehicles, etc. None of its vehicles, though, entered production and thus this company represents an odd case of personal vision and persistence with catastrophic financial results.

Its first project, the NP903Y incorporating novel applications resulted in the Iaspis sports car introduced in 1976. The car was presented in the Thessaloniki annual Trade Fair but its production was cancelled due to high costs involved and poor market prospects. A redesigned, improved sports car, the Kalliston I was introduced in 1984 but it also remained a prototype. C.AR then focused on an entirely new concept, developing a microcar with a 280 cc Kubota engine. Development was based on an earlier (1981) C.AR test construction and the car was finally introduced in 1991. With a length of just 2.25 m, a maximum speed of 90 km/h and seating up to 4 people, the Baby-Car (as the model was named) would be, according to Mr. Argyriadis, an ideal city car. The company had already invested in its production when the project was cancelled due to financial limitations, forcing C.AR out of business.

References
L.S. Skartsis and G.A. Avramidis, "Made in Greece", Typorama, Patras, Greece (2003)  (republished by the University of Patras Science Park, 2007) 
L.S. Skartsis, "Greek Vehicle & Machine Manufacturers 1800 to present: A Pictorial History", Marathon (2012)  (eBook)

External links
World vehicle manufacturers

Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of Greece
Car manufacturers of Greece
Companies based in Thessaloniki
Companies based in Kilkis
GNU Circuit Analysis Package. GNU Circuit Analysis Package (Gnucap) is a general purpose circuit simulator started by Albert Davis in 1993. It is part of the GNU Project. The latest stable version is 0.35 from 2006. The latest development snapshot (as of July 2023) is from June 2023 and is usable.

It performs nonlinear DC and transient analysis, Fourier analysis, and AC analysis linearized at an operating point. It is fully interactive and command driven. It can also be run in batch mode or as a server. The output is produced as it simulates.

With grant funding from Nlnet, the Gnucap project started to implement a first free/libre simulator with Verilog-AMS capabilities. As of July 2023 the model generator covers most of the analog subset and effectively replaces ADMS.

See also

 Comparison of EDA Software
 List of free electronics circuit simulators

References

External links
 
 Old official website

Circuit Analysis Package
Electronic circuit simulators
Electronic design automation software for Linux
NAV-CO2 system. Non-flammable alcohol vapor in carbon dioxide systems (NAV- system) were developed in Japan in the 1990s to sanitize hospitals and ambulances.

Application
The NAV- uses CO2 (carbon dioxide) as a propellant to dispense a 58% isopropyl alcohol solution in a heated stream. The procedure uses alcohol in an atomized vapor, and reaches nooks, crannies, and crevices that may be beyond the reach of other disinfecting methods.

Safety
The use of carbon dioxide as a propellant serves to displace ambient oxygen (one of the elements needed to support combustion) and eliminates the risk of explosion. The carbon dioxide and atomized alcohol evaporate at room temperature leaving no residue.

References and notes

Cleaning tools
Disinfectants
Ling Ao Nuclear Power Plant. Ling Ao Nuclear Power Plant () is located on the Dapeng Peninsula in Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China, about 60 km north of Hong Kong, 1 km north of Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant. It is operated by China General Nuclear Power Group.  The units on site are separated between phase I and phase II.

The plant was one of China's largest energy projects of the latter 1990s.

Reactors 

Ling Ao phase I has two nuclear reactors, 950 MWe PWRs Ling Ao I-1 and I-2, based on the French 900 MWe three cooling loop design (M310), which started commercial operation in 2002 and 2003. The planned investment sum for phase I was ca 4 billion USD.

In a Phase II development two CPR-1000 reactors, Ling Ao II-1 and II-2 (alternatively, units 3 and 4), were constructed in conjunction with Areva, based on the French three cooling loop design. Ling Ao II-1, China’s first domestic CPR-1000 nuclear power plant, was first connected to the grid on 15 July 2010, having started criticality testing on 11 June 2010.  It started commercial operations on 27 September 2010.  Ling Ao II-2 was synchronized to the grid on May 3, 2011, with commercial operation beginning on August 7, 2011.

Reactor data
The Ling Ao Nuclear Power Plant consist of 4 operational reactors.

See also 

Nuclear power in China

References

External links 
Daya Bay and Ling Ao Power Plants  Has a satellite map.

Nuclear power stations using CPR-1000 reactors
Nuclear power stations in China
Buildings and structures in Guangdong
Energy infrastructure completed in 2002
Nuclear power stations with proposed reactors
2002 establishments in China
Florida Space Research Institute. The Florida Space Research Institute (FSRI) was a statewide center for space research which was established by Florida's governor and the Florida legislature in 1999. The institute was created in an effort to increase collaboration between the academic, government, and private organizations with regard to aerospace. FSRI is closely involved with NASA's Centennial Challenges program, and signed a cooperative agreement with Kennedy Space Center in order to collaborate on the Advanced Learning Environment (ALE) initiative in 2001. FSRI also co-sponsored the NASA Spaceport Engineering Design Student Competition 2003 (NASA Spaceport 2003) along with the Florida Space Grant Consortium (FSGC).

Consolidation into Space Florida 
With the Space Florida Act, enacted in May 2006, the Florida Legislature consolidated FSRI and two other organizations in order to create Space Florida

References

External links 
FSRI Home 

NASA groups, organizations, and centers
Research institutes in Florida
1999 establishments in Florida
Space technology research institutes
Aerospace research institutes
Stone Hill (Montana). Stone Hill is an extensively developed climbing area in Northwestern Montana, approximately  from Eureka, Montana and just off Lake Koocanusa.

Much of the development in the area, just under half the total routes, can be attributed to the efforts of Steve Stahl, who, during the years of 2000-2003 established over 260 lines.

The rock is an extremely hard quartzite derivative, and is characterized by painfully sharp edges, vanishing cracks, steep slabs and small horizontal roofs. The cracks tend to be very protectable, and as a result over half the routes in the area are protected by a combination of bolts and traditional means.

References

Geography of Montana
Geology of Montana
Complexity (disambiguation). Complexity is the behaviour of a system whose components interact in multiple ways so possible interactions are difficult to describe.

Complexity may also refer to:

 Complexity (journal), a scientific journal
 Computational complexity, in computer science
 Computational complexity theory
 Game complexity, in combinatorial game theory 
 Integer complexity, in number theory
 Complexity Gaming, an American professional esports organization
 "Complexity", a song by Front Line Assembly from the 1997 re-release of album The Initial Command 
 "Complexity", a song by Eagles of Death Metal from the 2015 album Zipper Down
"Complexities", a song by Daniel Caesar from the 2019 album Case Study 01

See also 

 Complex (disambiguation)
 Complexity theory (disambiguation)
Dump analyzer. A dump analyzer is a programming tool which is used for understanding a machine readable core dump.

GNU gdb
The GNU Debugger (gdb) can be used to look inside core dumps (called CORE) from various supported systems. Gdb is an interactive command-line debugger; various [GUI]] front-ends can be run with gdb.

IBM IPCS
IPCS (Interactive Problem Control System) is a z/OS component which can analyze unformatted application dumps dumps (SYSMDUMP) or snapshot dumps,  or stand-alone system dumps (SADMP). IPCS can inspect any storage address in the dump and format system control blocks, providing labels for fields. It can be run interactively or as a batch job.

IBM z/VM Dump Viewing Facility
“The Dump Viewing Facility provides a variety of commands and subcommands that allow the user to interactively locate and display dump data.”

References 

Debugging
Saalina. Saalina was a  boat made by SAAB after World War II.

When the war ended the interest in making fighter planes went down and SAAB needed something to use all the aluminum sheets they had stored. Kurt Sjögren thus designed an aluminium boat and 250 boats were made. However, the cost of the boats became very high since they were made like the aircraft with every rivet polished down. Then there was a problem with that the aluminium rivets did not stand seawater and quickly turned the boats into sieves.

Measurements
 Length: 
 Width.

External links 
 Vårträffen 2003 - includes pictures

Saab vehicles