omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
MDDL. MDDL (Market Data Definition Language) is an XML-based messaging format for exchanging information related to
 Financial Instruments
 Corporate events related to the financial instruments
 Market-related data

MDDL was developed by FISD (Financial Information Services Division) of SIIA (Software & Information Industry Association). The initiative for the use of XML in market data exchange was started in 2000 and has been gaining industry-wide acceptance.

External links 
 archived MDDL web site (9-2-2014)
 The Book: MDDL and the Quest for a Market Data Standard
Financial industry XML-based standards
Financial software
Maritime State University. Maritime State University (MSU) () is a maritime university in Vladivostok, Russia. It is named after G.I. Nevelskoi, in its full Russian name. The university aims to provide specialisation in maritime transport systems in the spheres of natural science, the humanities, technical and marine conventional trends.

Twelve scientific schools are working in the sphere of marine and engineers elaboration within the university. MSU prepares engineer-technical staff of 28 specialisations and specialties. MSU includes eleven institutes, sixteen faculties, the Maritime College, Human-Technical Lyceum, lyceum classes, and the School of Young Sailors and Kids' Studio.

Structure
 The Institute "Maritime Academy";
 The Institute of Automation and Information Technologies;
 Maritime Technological Institute;
 Institute of Management;
 Sea Protection Institute;
 The Institute of Social and Political problems of Management;
 The Institute of Eastern Asia;
 Open Maritime Institute;
 Maritime Physics-Technological Institute;
 The Institute of Higher Qualification.

University resources

MSU has seven academic buildings, forty-six laboratories and studies, libraries, and ten professional training centers imitating ship equipment. MSU has a student cafeteria with two thousand seats, a medical center, eight dormitories for students.

MSU is one of the founders of the Pacific Ocean Law Institute. The university conducts research on transport problems. Since 1992, the university has its own shipping company FESMA, a training boat named Nadezhda, a cargo training ship named Vitya Chalenko, and a fishing boat named "Professor Phrolov".

University sports
MSU has about twenty sport sections: swimming, volleyball, mini-football, shooting, various kinds of wrestling, tennis, ship design sports, among others.

Expedition yacht Admiral Nevelskoi

In July 1993, Professor Leonid Lysenko set out on a solo circumnavigation in the university's  Polish-built yacht Admiral Nevelskoi, calling initially in Taiwan, Hong Kong, the Aleutian Islands and California. In 1994,  west of Australia, the yacht's rudder and mast broke and Lysenko was picked up by a Ukrainian ship, abandoning the still-floating yacht . In 1997 the hull of a yacht was found drifting off Rodrigues Island, near Mauritius and brought ashore. After 2010, when the wreck was identified as the missing yacht, a proposal was developed for its restoration and the establishment of a private "Admiral Nevelskoi Maritime Museum" on Rodrigues.

International cooperation
Mutual cooperation of Pacific-Asian region countries have a good influence on the development of international relationships. Partners of MSU include some universities in China, Australian Maritime College, California State University Maritime Academy, Mokpo National Maritime University, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, and University of Trade Fleet, Tokyo.

References

External links
 Maritime State University official website (in Russian)
 Maritime State University official website (in English)

Universities in Vladivostok
Maritime colleges in Russia
Rifle Factory Ishapore. The Rifle Factory Ishapore (also known as Ishapore Arsenal) is an Indian state-owned arms manufacturing unit located at Ichhapur in the state of West Bengal.

History
The first arms manufacturing facility on the site was a gunpowder factory, which was started in 1787 by Tipu Sultan and began production in 1791, whilst a gun & carriage manufacturing facility was set up nearby in 1801.

In 1904, a rifle factory was established by the British at Ichhapur, anglicized as Ishapore, and began production of the Lee–Enfield rifle, which has continued- more or less- until the mid-1980s, and possibly the present. The factory also manufactured the Vickers-Berthier (VB) light machine gun, which was adopted in 1932 by the Indian Army and still remains in reserve use.

Military rifles manufactured at Ishapore 1949 and pre-1949 are stamped "GRI" on the buttsocket, referring to George Rex, Imperator (i.e. King George VI, last Emperor of India), whilst military rifles manufactured 1949 and post-1948 are stamped "RFI", which stands for Rifle Factory, Ishapore.

The factory was administered by the Ordnance Factory Board of India till 2021 when it was corporatised under the ownership of Advanced Weapons and Equipment India Limited.

Products
The .303 British calibre Short Magazine Lee–Enfield Mk III, the 7.62×51mm NATO calibre Ishapore 2A1 rifle and the 7.62mm NATO L1A1 Self-Loading Rifle were manufactured at RFI. 

It now manufactures the 5.56mm INSAS rifle assault rifle, Kalantak rifle, Ghatak rifle (7.62×39mm AKM-style assault rifle), 7.62 Sniper Rifles and Pistol Auto 9mm 1A for military/law enforcement. 

RFI makes other firearms such as IOF .22 revolver, IOF .315 sporting rifle, IOF .30-06 sporting rifle and IOF .22 sporting rifle for civilian customers.

Noted employees
 Amal Dutta

References

External links
 Ordnance Factory Board of India website

Defence companies of India
Firearm manufacturers of India
Economy of West Bengal
Manufacturing companies established in 1904
Indian companies established in 1904
Ambalamugal. Ambalamukal is an industrial suburb in the city of Kochi, Kerala, India. Situated around 12 km from the city centre, the area is heavily industrialised. Kochi Refineries and Hindustan Organic Chemicals are located here. In 2010, it was declared "critically polluted" by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, which placed a moratorium on approval of new projects.

References 

Neighbourhoods in Kochi
Michael Triantafyllou. Michael Triantafyllou is Professor of Mechanical and Ocean Engineering in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Director of the Center for Ocean Engineering, Head of the Area of Ocean Science and Engineering, and Director of the Testing Tank and Propeller Tunnel Facilities at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He is best known for his work on underwater robots, based upon and emulating the performance of fish, including the six-foot laboratory robot the RoboTuna (part of a permanent exhibition at the Science Museum in London since 1998), the free-swimming RoboPike (1998), and the RoboTurtle (2005).

Triantafyllou was born and grew up in Athens, Greece.  After graduating from the National Technical University of Athens in 1974 (Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering), he continued with graduate studies at MIT. In 1977 he graduated with a dual S.M. in Ocean Engineering and Mechanical Engineering in 1977, followed in 1979 by an Sc.D. in Ocean Engineering. Upon receiving his doctorate, Triantafyllou took up a teaching post at MIT in the Department of Ocean Engineering.

Triantafyllou has been a visiting scientist at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Chairman of the Joint MIT/WHOI Program Committee in Oceanographic Engineering, and visiting professor at the National Technical University of Athens in Greece, Kyushu University in Japan, the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim, Norway, and ETH Zurich in Switzerland.

"The main focus of his recent research has been on flow control, vortex-induced vibrations, and biomimetics, the discipline that explores what can be learned about the physics of underwater propulsion from live animals."

Sources
Center for Ocean Engineering
"Ask the Scientists" — interview

External links

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
National Technical University of Athens alumni
Academic staff of the National Technical University of Athens
MIT School of Engineering faculty
Academic staff of Kyushu University
People from Athens
Tactical Transport Group RAAF. Tactical Transport Group was a Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) group. It was established on 1 June 1988 as part of a broad-ranging reform of the RAAF's organisation.

The group commanded the RAAF units which were primarily responsible for providing tactical airlift for the Australian Army. These included No. 5 Squadron with Bell UH-1 Iroquois helicopters, No. 9 Squadron, which was equipped with Sikorsky S-70 Black Hawk helicopters, No. 12 Squadron with Boeing CH-47 Chinook helicopters, No. 35 Squadron which operated both Iroquois helicopters and de Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou fixed-wing aircraft and No. 38 Squadron which also operated Caribous.

At the time that Tactical Transport Group was formed the RAAF was in the process of preparing to transfer its helicopters to the Army. This change took place over 1989. No. 9 Squadron was disbanded on 14 February that year, with its helicopters and personnel becoming the 5th Aviation Regiment. No. 12 Squadron's Chinooks were withdrawn from service on 30 June and the squadron was disbanded on 25 August. On 5 December No. 35 Squadron transferred its Iroquois to the Army. No. 5 Squadron's Iroquois were also transferred to the Army during 1989, and the unit was absorbed into the Australian Defence Force Helicopter School on 9 December.

The Tactical Transport Group was disbanded in February 1991. The two squadrons equipped with Caribous became part of the Air Lift Group.

References
Citations

Works consulted

RAAF groups
1988 establishments in Australia
1991 disestablishments in Australia
Military units and formations established in 1988
Military units and formations disestablished in 1991
Molecular distillation. Molecular distillation is a type of short-path vacuum distillation, characterized by an extremely low vacuum pressure, 0.01 torr or below, which is performed using a molecular still. It is a process of separation, purification and concentration of natural products, complex and thermally sensitive molecules for example vitamins and polyunsaturated fatty acids. This process is characterized by short term exposure of the distillate liquid to high temperatures in high vacuum (around  mmHg) in the distillation column and a small distance between the evaporator and the condenser around 2 cm. In molecular distillation, fluids are in the free molecular flow regime, i.e. the mean free path of molecules is comparable to the size of the equipment. The gaseous phase no longer exerts significant pressure on the substance to be evaporated, and consequently, rate of evaporation no longer depends on pressure. The motion of molecules is in the line of sight, because they do not form a continuous gas anymore. Thus, a short path between the hot surface and the cold surface is necessary, typically by suspending a hot plate covered with a film of feed next to a cold plate with a line of sight in between.

This process has the advantages of avoiding the problem of toxicity that occurs in techniques that use solvents as the separating agent, and also of minimizing losses due to thermal decomposition. and can be used in a continuous feed process to harvest distillate without having to break vacuum.

Molecular distillation is used industrially for purification of oils. It is also used to enrich borage oil in γ-linolenic acid (GLA) and also to recover tocopherols from deodorizer distillate of soybean oil (DDSO). Molecular stills were historically used by Wallace Carothers in the synthesis of larger polymers, as a reaction product, water, interfered with polymerization by undoing the reaction via hydrolysis, but the water could be removed by the molecular still.

See also

References

Distillation
Separation processes
Laboratory techniques
Model animation. Model animation is a form of stop motion animation designed to merge with live-action footage to create the illusion of a real-world fantasy sequence.

Techniques 
Many types of models have been created and developed, and the choice mainly depends on the budget of the film:

Clay Models: Unlike most clay figures used for animation, clay models have an inner metal skeleton designed to allow them realistic movements and expressions.

Built-Up Models: These types of models are more expensive and detailed than clay models. They are made by building up pieces of foam on a metal skeleton to create a body, and then either brushing on several layers of liquid latex or casting soft rubbery skins and attaching then to the padded armature.

"Cast" Models: These types of models are the most expensive used in the industry and are longer-lasting than the other types. They start as clay sculptures onto which two- (or more) part molds are made in order to reproduce all the details. Then the mold parts are assembled with an armature inside, and they are filled with a liquid material (foam latex, silicone rubber, urethane foam, etc.) that then forms a soft rubbery "flesh" over the skeleton.

Works
Model animation was pioneered by Willis O'Brien, and it was first used in The Lost World (1925). His work also includes
King Kong (1933)
The Son of Kong (1933)
Mighty Joe Young (1949)
The Black Scorpion (1957)
The Giant Behemoth (1958)

Picking up the model animation baton from O'Brien, and refining the process further, introducing color and smoother animation, was his protégé, Ray Harryhausen. Assisting O'Brien in Mighty Joe Young in 1949, Harryhausen went on to do model animation (and other special visual effects) on a series of feature-length films, such as:
The Beast From 20,000 Fathoms (1953)
It Came from Beneath the Sea (1955)
Earth vs. the Flying Saucers (1956)
The Animal World (Opening Dinosaur sequence, with O'Brien, 1956)
20 Million Miles To Earth (1957)
The 7th Voyage of Sinbad (1958)
The Three Worlds of Gulliver (1960)
Mysterious Island (1961)
Jason and the Argonauts (1963)
First Men in the Moon (1964)
One Million Years B.C. (1967)
The Valley of Gwangi (1969)
The Golden Voyage of Sinbad (1974)
Sinbad and the Eye of the Tiger (1977)
Clash of the Titans (with Jim Danforth, 1981)

The third generation of model animators featured such notables as Jim Danforth, David Allen, and Phil Tippett.

References

Works cited

See also
List of stop-motion films
Go motion

Stop motion
Animation techniques
Iron pipe size. Iron Pipe Size (IPS or I.P.S.) pipe sizing system based on the inside diameter (ID) of pipe. It was widely used from the early 19th century to the mid 20th century and is still in use by some industries, including major PVC pipe manufacturers, as well as for some legacy drawings and equipment.

The iron pipe size standard came into being early in the 19th century and remained in effect until after World War II. The IPS system was primarily used in the United States and the United Kingdom. In the 1920s, the Copper Tube Size (CTS) standard was combined with the IPS standard.  

During the IPS period, pipes were cast in halves and welded together, and pipe sizes referred to the inside diameters. The inside diameters under IPS were roughly the same as the more modern Ductile Iron Pipe Standard (DIPS) and Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) Standards, and some of the wall thicknesses were also retained with a different designator.  In 1948, the DIPS came into effect, when greater control of a pipe's wall thickness was possible. 

CTS diameter always specifies the outside diameter (OD) of a tube, where pipe diameter specifications only approximate the pipe inside diameter (ID) for sizes of 12 inch or less, and STD wall thickness.
The IPS number (reference to an OD) is the same as the NPS number, but the schedules were limited to Standard Wall (STD), Extra Strong, (XS) and Double Extra Strong (XXS). STD is identical to Schedule 40 for NPS 1/8 to NPS 10, inclusive, and indicates .375" wall thickness for NPS 12 and larger. XS is identical to SCH 80 for NPS 1/8 to NPS 8, inclusive, and indicates .500" wall thickness for NPS 8 and larger. Different definitions exist for XXS, but it is generally thicker than schedule 160.

See also
Nominal Pipe Sizes
Pipe sizes
Standard dimension ratio

References 

Mechanical standards
Piping
Animation stand. An animation stand is a device assembled for the filming of any kind of animation that is placed on a flat surface, including cel animation, graphic animation, clay animation, and silhouette animation.

Traditionally, the flat surface that the animation rests on is some kind of table that the animator sits at. Pegs made specifically for animation are embedded into the table, in at least two slots allowing the pegs to slide from side to side, permitting horizontal movement of images, but can also be easily fixed into position for the accurate positioning ("registration") of the artwork.

Opposite the animator is a series of supporting arms and supports, on top of which is mounted a film or video camera, pointing down toward the artwork, which films the artwork, frame-by-frame, as it is slowly moved and changed by the operator.

The vertical positioning of the animation camera, always shooting down, is the main component that defines an animation stand, as opposed to a stop motion set-up, or other equipment arrangements for animation production.

Animation stands can be homemade, from metal or wood, such as that owned by Los Angeles animator Mike Jittlov, and still accomplish impressive animation production; or they can be elaborate (and expensive) professionally made precision systems that allow for the computerised movements of both the art and the camera, as has been traditionally used by professional animation studios and special effects facilities such as the Walt Disney studio (famous for their Multiplane camera) and George Lucas's Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) facilities.

See also
Animation camera
Rostrum camera

References

Animation technology
Surveillance and Control Training Unit RAAF. The Surveillance and Control Training Unit is a training unit of the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF). It is provides training and training development of air defence.

Formed in 1999 to provide training to the Surveillance and Control Group, the unit relocated in 2000 to the Eastern Regional Operations Centre at RAAF Base Williamtown and provides training for No. 41 Wing, which is one of four wings attached to the RAAF's Surveillance and Response Group.

References

http://www.defence.gov.au/news/raafnews/editions/4616/history/story01.htm

RAAF training units
Cutter IT Journal. Cutter Business Technology Journal (CBTJ) (formerly American Programmer) is an independent magazine for programmers and software technologists.

History and profile
The magazine was founded with the name American Programmer in 1987. It was founded and published by Edward Yourdon, inventor of the Yourdon Method of structured systems analysis and design methodology (SSADM) and the Coad/Yourdon Object-Oriented Analysis Methodology. The magazine is published on a monthly basis and has its headquarters in Arlington, Massachusetts.

In the early '90s, Cutter Information Corp. (now Cutter Consortium) partnered with Ed Yourdon to publish American Programmer, which was later renamed Cutter IT Journal and then "Cutter Business Technology Journal." 

Cutter Business Technology Journal differs from academic journals in that it does not use a peer review process. Each month, CBTJ's guest editor commissions articles by business-technology practitioners that include case studies, research findings, and experience-based opinion on business and technology topics.

References

External links
 Cutter Business Technology Journal website
 Entry at Academic Database Assessment Tool

1987 establishments in Massachusetts
Computer magazines published in the United States
Monthly magazines published in the United States
Magazines established in 1987
Magazines published in Massachusetts
International gateway exchange. In telephony, an international gateway exchange is a telephone switch that forms the gateway between a national telephone network and one or more other international gateway exchanges, thus providing cross-border connectivity.

Requirements 
Whereas international gateway exchanges are commonly implemented using hardware that could also serve to build a Class 4 (national transit) switch, some of the differences between an international gateway exchange and a Class 4 switch include:

 International variants of signalling protocols, such as International ISUP and #5, in addition to the relevant national signalling protocols.
 Support for echo cancellers.
 Support for DCME
 Support for international accounting and settlement agreements.
 Support for A-law/mu-law transcoding
 High capacity (some of the largest telephone exchanges in the world are international gateway exchanges).
 Support for the numbering plans of each of the countries that may be dialed.
 Advanced traffic routing capabilities, in order to take advantage of the best available tariffs for each destination.

Telephone exchanges
Ahmad Y. al-Hassan. Ahmad Yousef Al-Hassan () (June 25, 1925 – April 28, 2012) was a Palestinian/Syrian/Canadian historian of Arabic and Islamic science and technology, educated in Jerusalem, Cairo, and London with a PhD in Mechanical engineering from University College London. He was Dean of Engineering and later President of the University of Aleppo where he founded the Institute for the History of Arabic Science (IHAS) and was its first director.
He also served as Minister of Petroleum, Electricity and Mineral Resources of Syria prior to 1971.
He migrated to Canada in 1982.

Positions and awards
 Visiting Professor at the Department for the History and Philosophy of Science, University College, London
 Visiting Professor at the Department of Middle East and Islamic Studies, University of Toronto
 Professor at the Institute for the History of Arabic Science (IHAS), University of Aleppo
 Recipient of the Ordre National de la Légion d'honneur of the French Republic

References

1925 births
2012 deaths
20th-century Syrian historians
Syrian Muslims
Historians of science
Historians of technology
Oil and mineral reserves ministers of Syria
Alumni of University College London
Academic staff of the University of Aleppo
People from Umm al-Fahm
Syrian emigrants to Canada
Syrian expatriates in Egypt
Syrian expatriates in the United Kingdom
Presidents of universities in Syria
Recipients of the Legion of Honour