omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Paul W. Chun. Paul W. Chun is a professor emeritus at the University of Florida. He is a researcher in the field of protein folding equilibria, in particular, he is known as the "leading proponent" of using the Planck-Benzinger thermal work function to understand protein folding thermodynamics and stability. As such Chun has written a number of papers relating to the thermodynamics of protein folding. He received his Ph.D. in 1965 from the University of Missouri for work on the interaction of casein molecules, and joined the department of biochemistry and molecular biology at the University of Florida soon thereafter.  He retired in 2003.

He has published 68 peer-reviewed papers listed in Scopus.

References

External links
 Home page.

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
University of Florida faculty
University of Missouri alumni
American biochemists
American molecular biologists
Thermodynamicists
Micro power source. Micro power sources  and nano power sources are units of RFID, MEMS, microsystems and nanosystems for energy-power generation, harvesting from ambient, storage and conversion.

References

[1]  La O` G.J., In H.J., Crumlin E., Barbastathis G., Shao-Horn Y. Resent advances in microdevices for electrochemical energy conversion and storage // Int. J. Energy Res. 2007. V.31. P.548-575.

[2] Curtright A.E., Bouwman P.J., Wartena R.C., Swider-Lyons K.E. Power sources for nanotechnology // International Journal of Nanotechnology. 2004. V.1. Nos.1/2. P.226-239

Energy technology
Microtechnology
Milan Hudecek. Milan Hudecek  (pron. who-de-check, born 9 January 1954) is a Czech-born Australian inventor and entrepreneur. He pioneered the fields of assistive technology for the blind (in particular computing for the blind) and radio communications (in particular software-defined radios). He is a Member of the Order of Australia, winner of the Winston Gordon Award for Technological Advancement in the Field of Blindness and Visual Impairment, and Rolls-Royce & Qantas Award of Engineering Excellence.

Professional career
Founder (1983) and managing director of the Melbourne based Australian Export Award-winning Robotron Group, Hudecek is credited with the invention of the world's first computer for the blind, the Eureka A4, and a number of other assistive products such as reading machines for the blind.

Hudecek is also the founder (1991) of the Australian company radixon Group (formerly Rosetta Laboratories), specializing in various radio communications equipment, in particular software-defined radio. The company's first product was "WiNRADiO" – a wide-band communications receiver on a PC card, the first such product of its kind. An article describing early WiNRADiO products appeared in 1998 in  Wired magazine. Radixon Group now sells its computer-controlled radio communications receivers and associated hardware and software under the brand name WiNRADiO.

In the 1997 Australia Day Honours Hudecek was made a Member of the Order of Australia for his "service to people with disabilities through the invention of a laptop computer and other technology for use by people who are blind or partially sighted".

References

External links
 Hudecek's company web site
 Hudecek's assistive technology inventions
 Hudecek's reading machines
 Hudecek's radio communications company
 Hudecek's software-defined radios

Living people
20th-century Australian inventors
Czech emigrants to Australia
1954 births
Members of the Order of Australia
Femap. Femap (Finite Element Modeling And Postprocessing) is an engineering analysis program sold by Siemens Digital Industries Software that is used to build finite element models of complex engineering problems ("pre-processing") and view solution results ("post-processing").  It runs on Microsoft Windows and provides CAD import, modeling and meshing tools to create a finite element model, as well as postprocessing functionality that allows mechanical engineers to interpret analysis results.  The finite element method allows engineers to virtually model components, assemblies, or systems to determine behavior under a given set of boundary conditions, and is typically used in the design process to reduce costly prototyping and testing, evaluate differing designs and materials, and for structural optimization to reduce weight.

Product simulation applications include basic strength analysis, frequency and transient dynamic simulation, system-level performance evaluation and advanced response, fluid flow and multi-physics engineering analysis for simulation of functional performance.

Femap is used by engineering organizations and consultants to model complex products, systems and processes including satellites, aircraft, defense electronics, heavy construction equipment, lift cranes, marine vessels and process equipment.

History 

1985 - ESP founded by George Rudy and Femap originally developed as a pre- and postprocessor to Nastran.
1999 - ESP acquired by SDRC
2001 - SDRC acquired by EDS
2004 - Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) software suite spun off to form UGS
2007 - UGS acquired by the Automation & Drives Division of Siemens and Siemens Digital Industries Software formed
 
Femap product development continues as a CAD neutral and solver independent application. Also it is available bundled with a number of Siemens PLM solvers, including NX Nastran, Advanced Non-Linear Solver, Thermal/Advanced Thermal Solver, and Flow Solver.
As a standalone utility Femap is typically used with independent solvers such as ADINA, NEi Nastran, LS-DYNA, ANSYS or Abaqus.

Release history

Application 

Femap is used in a number of industries, including aerospace  and marine.

Add-ons
SDC Verifier enhances Femap with a new functionality. Together they provide an accepted and sound solution for the verification of constructions according to Structural Design Standards. SDC Verifier uses Femap as the pre-processor for the generation of a model and its graphical interface to visualize the results.

• Blog of FEMAP & NX Nastran: written and maintained by Blas Molero Hidalgo from IBERISA (Spain) with videos, examples and much information about Finite Element Analysis (FEM/FEA) to support the FEMAP community all around the world.

References

Finite element software
Product lifecycle management
Siemens software products
Windows-only proprietary software
Caproni Ca.18. 

The Caproni Ca.18 was a military reconnaissance aircraft built in Italy shortly prior to World War I. It became the first Italian-designed and -built aircraft to see service with the Italian armed forces. The Ca.18 was a monoplane of conventional configuration and fixed tailskid undercarriage. The wings were mounted to the fuselage with a bayonet fitting, to facilitate the rapid erection and dismantling of the aircraft.

Originally designed for a government competition in early 1913, no production order for the aircraft was forthcoming until the nationalisation of the Caproni company later in the year, whereupon a small batch was built for the 15th Squadron.

Operators

 Corpo Aeronautico Militare

Specifications

References

External links

Ca.018
1910s Italian military reconnaissance aircraft
Shoulder-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1913
Rotary-engined aircraft
Harold M. Manasevit. Dr. Harold M. Manasevit (1927–2008) was an American materials scientist.

Manasevit received a B.S. Degree in chemistry from Ohio University in 1950, M.S. in Chemistry from Pennsylvania State University in 1951, and Ph.D. in physical inorganic chemistry from the Illinois Institute of Technology in 1959. He then joined the U.S. Borax Research Corp. in Anaheim, California, but in 1960 left for North American Aviation. In 1983 he joined TRW as a Senior Scientist.

Manasevit's career focused on chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of materials. In 1963 he was the first to document epitaxial growth of silicon on sapphire,  and in 1968 was the first to publish on metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) for the epitaxial growth of GaAs and many other III-V, II-VI and IV-VI semiconductors, including the first report of the growth of single-crystal GaN and AlN on (0001) sapphire, the process used worldwide today for the commercial production of all visible LEDs. He developed numerous CVD techniques for etching insulators and for producing semiconductor and superconducting films on insulators.

Manesevit holds 16 patents, and was awarded the 1985 IEEE Morris N. Liebmann Memorial Award "for pioneering work in metalorganic chemical vapor deposition, epitaxial-crystal reactor design, and demonstration of superior quality semiconductor devices grown by this process."

Stated by Russell D. Dupuis, "In the mid-1970s, Rockwell International Electronics Operations (Anaheim CA) was developing the guidance systems for Minuteman missiles. It was necessary to design a system with radiation-hardened circuits so the missiles could go through these nuclear bomb clouds. One key feature of these circuits was the need for stability in the conductivity of the substrate. Silicon was the technology of choice, but it suffered when exposed to large amounts of radiation. My colleague, Harold Manasevit had the idea of growing silicon on a sapphire substrate, which was an insulator from radiation and infinitely stable. So he developed a technology called silicon on sapphire, or SOS, which was used in the Minuteman Missiles. He also developed an analogous process for the growth of gallium arsenide on sapphire."

References

 Robert S. Feigelson (ed), 50 Years Progress in Crystal Growth: A Reprint Collection, Elsevier, 2004, page xxviii. .
 Smithsonian MIND Repository entry

20th-century American chemists
Illinois Institute of Technology alumni
1927 births
2008 deaths
Ohio University alumni
Pennsylvania State University alumni
Electro Gyrocator. The Electro Gyro-Cator was claimed to be the world's first automated commercially available automotive navigation system. It was co-developed by Honda, Alpine, and Stanley Electric Co..

Unlike most navigation systems of today, it did not use GPS satellites to maintain its position and discern movement of the vehicle. Rather, it was an inertial navigation system, because it contained a helium gas gyroscope that could detect both rotation and movement. A special servo gear was also attached to the transmission housing to feed information to the Gyro-Cator to help maintain position, map speed and distance traveled.

Transparent maps were placed inside the unit and it would scroll them past a 6 inch monochrome CRT illuminated screen as the car traveled along. The monitor would indicate by a series of circles (or cross hairs) on the screen to show the vehicle's current location or display lines for path of travel. A marking pen was also included to help make personal indicators on the map if needed. Adjustments could be made to change the display scale, position, rotation, brightness, and contrast. In its only year of production in 1981, it was announced as an option on that year's Honda Accord and Honda Vigor, but at ¥300,000 ($2,746 USD), it was almost a quarter of the value of the car. It is not clear how many units were actually sold to customers as a "dealer option". A patent for gyroscope design was introduced to the US in design patent D274332.

Documented weight for the unit was roughly 20 lb (9 kg). A display unit, with a cutaway of the Gyroscope, is currently shown at the Honda Collection Hall at Twin Ring Motegi, Japan.

References

External links
Honda History - Electro Gyrocator
Alpine Museum - Beginnings of Alpine

Navigational equipment
Navigation
Honda
Lyon–Moutiers DC transmission scheme. The Lyon–Moutiers DC transmission scheme was the most powerful mechanical high voltage direct current electric power transmission scheme ever built. Designed by Rene Thury, it was used between 1906 and 1936 for power transmission from a hydroelectric power plant at Moûtiers to Lyon, France.

At the Moutiers power plant, there were four generators switched in series, whereby one turbine drove two generators. As the power demand changed, the number of generator switched in series varied, and so did the voltage in the transmission line.

The line was bipolar with a maximum of 75,000 volts to ground and so 150,000 volts between the conductors. The line was 200 kilometres long, with 190 kilometres run overhead and 10 kilometres as paper insulated underground cable. Originally the cable was rated for 75 A, but was later run with 150 A. Even after this increase in current the cable was still in good condition when the scheme was dismantled in 1936.

References

External links 

 

 https://web.archive.org/web/20090914061501/http://www.electrosuisse.ch/cms.cfm/s_page/74440

HVDC transmission lines
1906 establishments in France
1936 disestablishments in France
Energy infrastructure completed in 1906
Energy infrastructure in France
Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry. The Central Research Institute of  Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI; 電力中央研究所) is a Japanese non-profit foundation that conducts research and development of technologies in a variety of scientific and technical fields related to the electric power industry. Also, CRIEPI researches many aspects of social matters through subordinate laboratories. CRIEPI not only engages in research and education in Japan, but also provides education, training and technology transfer worldwide.

It is similar to the U.S. EPRI, though its energy research extends into areas that could be considered to be in the domain of the USDOE's national laboratories in the United States, such as research and design of fission reactor concepts.

In 2004, CRIEPI developed a U.S. presence due to the proposed Galena Nuclear Power Plant in Galena, Alaska, that is proposed to use an advanced reactor design – the Toshiba 4S – developed by Toshiba Corporation and CRIEPI.

References

External links
Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry
CGD Partnerships: CRIEPINCAR

Think tanks based in Japan
Electric power in Japan
Energy research
NCG. NCG may refer to:

 National Centre for Geocomputation at Maynooth University, Ireland
 National Co+op Grocers, an American business services cooperative 
 Network of Cancer Genes, a web resource
 Nicaragua, ITU country code
 Nicolaus-Cusanus-Gymnasium Bergisch Gladbach, a school in Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
 Nicolaus-Cusanus-Gymnasium Bonn, a school in Bonn, Germany
 Non-circular gear, a gear design
 Noncommutative geometry, a branch of mathematics
 NCG, formerly Newcastle College Group, in England
 NCG Banco, S.A., Spain
 Neighborhood Cinema Group, a movie theater franchise in Michigan, U.S.
 Nisga'a language, ISO 639-3 language code ncg
Miesbach–Munich Power Transmission. Miesbach–Munich Power Transmission of 1882 was the first
transmission of direct current (DC) electrical energy over a large distance (57 km).

After the first International Exposition of Electricity was held in Paris in 1881, the German Empire set up a power transmission between a steam engine situated near Miesbach and the glass palace of Munich, where an electricity exhibition opened on September 16, 1882. The voltage used was 2000 V direct current, and the distance 57 kilometres. Only 2.5 kilowatts of power (about 1.25 Ampere) was transmitted, which was used to run an artificial waterfall. The system was designed by Oskar von Miller and Marcel Deprez. A simple iron telegraph wire was used, which failed a few days later. 

In later years, Deprez set up a 112 km long DC transmission in France between Creil and Paris, using 6 kV.

On August 25, 1891, the Lauffen-Frankfurt Three Phase AC Transmission over 175 km became part of the International Electrotechnical Exhibition in Germany, setting an end to the war of the currents.

See also 

 High-voltage direct current

References

External links 

High-voltage transmission lines
Electric power transmission systems in Germany
1882 in Germany
History of Munich
Eve of Destruction (film). Eve of Destruction is a 1991 American science fiction action thriller film. The film is about a nuclear armed prototype android named EVE gone amok while being field tested by the military in a big city. The film stars Gregory Hines as Col. Jim McQuade and Dutch actress Renée Soutendijk (in her first U.S. film) with the dual roles as the robot's creator Dr. Eve Simmons, and the robot Eve herself.

Plot
EVE VIII is a military android created to look and sound exactly like her creator, Dr. Eve Simmons. When the robot is damaged during a bank robbery, it accesses memories it was programmed with by her creator. The memories used, though, are dark and tragic ones.

The robot is also programmed as a killing machine if anyone tries to stop her mission. Colonel Jim McQuade is tasked with eliminating the unstoppable machine. With the help of Dr. Simmons, he tries to outthink the intelligent and emotional robotic doppelgänger.

Cast
 Gregory Hines as Col. Jim McQuade
 Renée Soutendijk as Dr. Eve Simmons/EVE VIII
 Kurt Fuller as Bill Schneider
 Michael Greene as General Curtis
 John M. Jackson as Peter Arnold
 George P. Wilbur as Trooper
 Kevin McCarthy as William Simmons (uncredited)

Reception
The film received negative reviews from critics, having a 20% "rotten" score on RottenTomatoes.com. Vincent Canby gave a negative review in The New York Times, calling the film "an undistinguished, barely functional action-melodrama."

Box office

The movie opened with $2.5 million. It finished its run with a total of $5,451,119 against a $13 million budget, making it a box-office bomb.

Home media
Eve of Destruction released on VHS on August 8, 1991, from New Line Home Video. 
Also, MGM Home Entertainment released Eve of Destruction on DVD on July 15, 2003.

References

External links
 
 

1991 films
1990s science fiction action films
American chase films
American science fiction action films
1990s chase films
Fictional cyborgs
Films about computing
Orion Pictures films
New Line Cinema films
Techno-thriller films
Interscope Communications films
Films about androids
Films scored by Philippe Sarde
1990s English-language films
1990s American films
English-language science fiction action films
1991 science fiction films
English-language action thriller films
National Polytechnic Institutes (France). The National Polytechnic Institutes (Instituts Nationaux Polytechniques or INPs) in France are five consortiums of grandes écoles that offer engineering degrees.

Description
They were established in 1969. They are classed together with French universities by Article 24 of the law regarding the organization of higher education in France (law 84-52 of 26 January 1984, the loi Savary). 

However, they are quite different from the public universities, both in their organization and in the fact that they have competitive admissions.

Institutions
The five institutions in the National Polytechnic Institutes are:

 The Grenoble Institute of Technology (Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble or INP Grenoble)
 The National Polytechnic Institute of Toulouse (Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse or Toulouse INP)
 The National Polytechnic Institute of Lorraine (Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine or Lorraine INP)
 The Polytechnic Institute of Bordeaux (Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux or Bordeaux INP)
 The Polytechnic Institute of Clermont-Auvergne (Institut national polytechnique Clermont-Auvergne or Clermont Auvergne INP)

.
.
University associations and consortia in France
Grandes écoles
Working set size. In computing, working set size is the amount of memory needed to compute the answer to a problem.  In any computing scenario, but especially high performance computing where mistakes can be costly, this is a significant design-criteria for a given super computer system in order to ensure that the system performs as expected.

When a program/algorithm computes the answer to a problem, it uses a set of data (input and intermediate data) to complete the work.  For any given instance of the problem, the program has one such data set, which is called the working set.  The Working Set Size (WSS) is the size of this data set.

The significance of this is that if the Working Set Size is larger than the available memory in a virtual memory system then the memory manager must refer to the next level in the memory hierarchy (usually hard disk) to perform a swap operation swapping some memory contents from RAM to hard disk to enable the program to continue working on the problem.  If this swapping goes on continuously the program is slowed significantly.  This phenomenon is known as thrashing.

References

Computer memory
Avianca Flight 03. Avianca Flight 03 was a passenger flight from Cartagena, Colombia to Bogotá, Colombia that crashed on January 14, 1966. After takeoff, as the aircraft reached , it stalled and crashed into shallow water. After a 14-month investigation, engine failure was found to be a possible, but unproven, cause. Poor maintenance and inadequate inspections were also suspected.

Aircraft 

The aircraft involved was a Douglas C-54, the military version of the Douglas DC-4 produced during World War II, registered HK-730 to Avianca. The aircraft involved was produced in 1944; because of military needs, it was equipped with larger fuel tanks, which allowed for intercontinental passenger flights.

Sequence of events 
At 20:50 on January 14, the aircraft was cleared for takeoff. The plane reached  after rotation, but then began to descend. It then crashed into the sea 1,300 meters from the airport runway. Out of the 64 people aboard, only 8 survived.

External links

References 

Avianca accidents and incidents
1966 in Colombia
Aviation accidents and incidents in Colombia
Aviation accidents and incidents in 1966
January 1966 events in South America
Accidents and incidents involving the Douglas DC-4
Berit Kvæven. Berit Kvæven (born 19 November 1942) is a Norwegian chemist and politician for the Liberal Party. She has been Vice President of the Liberal Party, president of the Norwegian Association for Women's Rights (2004–2006), President of Tekna and a deputy member of parliament.

Career

Kvæven earned a civil engineer (MSc) degree at the Norwegian Institute of Technology in 1967 and was a research scientist at SINTEF from 1968. She earned a doctorate in chemistry from the Norwegian Institute of Technology in 1975. In later years, she has worked as Chief Engineer at the Norwegian Climate and Pollution Agency, where she worked on international assignments, including as head of the UN monitoring program for acid rain.

She served as personal secretary (i.e. political adviser) to the Minister of Government Administration and Consumer Affairs Eva Kolstad in Korvald's Cabinet 1972–1973 and as deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Oslo during the term 1997–2001.

She was Vice President of the Liberal Party from 1976 to 1982, President of the Oslo branch of the Liberal Party in 1990 and president of the Norwegian Association for Women's Rights from 2004 to 2006. She was President of Tekna, the Norwegian association of engineers with around 50,000 members, from 1990 to 1993. She was also Vice President of the Confederation of Academic and Professional Unions in Norway, with around 200,000 members, from 1991 to 1993.

She has also been a member of several governmental committees and boards of directors in the fields of nuclear energy, pollution, agriculture and government reform.

References

Norwegian women's rights activists
1942 births
Living people
Deputy members of the Storting
Women members of the Storting
Liberal Party (Norway) politicians
Norwegian feminists
20th-century Norwegian politicians
21st-century Norwegian politicians
20th-century Norwegian women politicians
21st-century Norwegian women politicians
Norwegian Association for Women's Rights people