omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
9,10-Bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene. 9,10-Bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene (BPEA) is an aromatic hydrocarbon with the chemical formula is C30H18. It displays strong fluorescence and is used as a chemiluminescent fluorophore with high quantum efficiency.

It is used in lightsticks as a fluorophor producing ghostly green light. It is also used as a dopant for organic semiconductors in OLEDs.

The emission wavelength can be lowered by substituting the anthracene core by halogens or alkyls. 2-ethyl and 1,2-dimethyl substituted BPEAs are also in use.
 1-chloro-9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene emits yellow-green light, used in 30-minute high-intensity Cyalume sticks
 2-chloro-9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene emits green light, used in 12-hour low-intensity Cyalume sticks

See also 
 Lightstick
 Organic light-emitting diode
 5,12-Bis(phenylethynyl)naphthacene
 9,10-Diphenylanthracene

External links 
 Absorption and emission spectra
 National Pollutant Inventory - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Fact Sheet
 Novel red-emitting BPEAs

Fluorescent dyes
Organic semiconductors
Anthracenes
Diynes
Phenyl compounds
Alkyne derivatives
Anonym.OS. Anonym.OS was a Live CD operating system based on OpenBSD 3.8 with strong encryption and anonymization tools. The goal of the project was to provide secure, anonymous web browsing access to everyday users. The operating system was OpenBSD 3.8, although many packages have been added to facilitate its goal. It used Fluxbox as its window manager.

The project was discontinued after the release of Beta 4 (2006).

Distributed

Designed, created and distributed by kaos.theory/security.research.

Legacy

Although this specific project is no longer updated, its successors are Incognito OS (discontinued in 2008) and FreeSBIE.

See also 

 Comparison of BSD operating systems
 Security-focused operating system

References

External links
 Anonym.OS's SourceForge website
 Anonym.OS at DistroWatch

OpenBSD
Operating system distributions bootable from read-only media
Privacy software
Tor (anonymity network)
National Grid. National Grid or National grid may refer to:

Power transmission
 Electrical grid, an interconnected network for delivering electricity
 National Grid (Great Britain), the electricity transmission network of Great Britain
 National Grid plc, a utilities company based in the UK that also operates in the northeastern United States
 National Grid (India), the electricity transmission network of India
 National Grid (Malaysia), the electricity transmission network of Malaysia
 National Grid (New Zealand), the electricity transmission network of New Zealand

Geosurvey
 National grid reference system, a national geographical coordinate system for mapping
 Ordnance Survey National Grid, used in Great Britain
 Irish national grid reference system
 United States National Grid

Other uses
 National Grid for Learning, a former government funded educational program in the UK

See also
 Power Grid Corporation of India
 State Grid Corporation of China
NASA Tech Briefs. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is required by its charter to report to industry any new, commercially significant technologies developed in the course of their R&D. Since the early 1960s, this has been accomplished primarily through the publication of NASA Tech Briefs.

NASA Tech Briefs were first published about 1963 by the Technology Utilization Office at NASA HQ (Washington, D.C.) as single-page documents. Over the years, hundreds of such documents were published and disseminated covering many areas of science and industry. The material for these documents was collected by TU offices in each of the NASA field centers, as well as from all of their contractors. Most work done under NASA contract was presumed to be the property of NASA and was freely disseminated to industry and the public. Compilations of these became available in the 1970s. Since then, it has been a joint publishing venture of NASA and Tech Briefs Media Group, a unit of SAE International, since 1985. It is headquartered in New York City and the publisher is Joe Pramberger.

The monthly magazine features reports of innovations developed by NASA and its industry partners/contractors. NASA Tech Briefs also contains articles on NASA spinoffs, NASA tech transfer resources, and application stories. Regular columns describe new patents, industry products, software, and literature.

The associated commercial ad-supported web site is privately owned and is not an official Web site of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, nor is it sponsored by NASA.

References

External links
Magazine home page
Annotated bibliography of NASA technical briefs on electrical, energy sources, materials, life sciences, and mechanical information	Publication Date:	February 1, 1966

Monthly magazines published in the United States
Science and technology magazines published in the United States
Astronomy magazines
Engineering magazines
Magazines established in 1976
Magazines published in New York City
Magazines published in Washington, D.C.
NASA mass media
Supervisory control theory. The supervisory control theory (SCT), also known as the Ramadge–Wonham framework (RW framework), is a method for automatically synthesizing supervisors that restrict the behavior of a plant such that as much as possible of the given specifications are fulfilled. The plant is assumed to spontaneously generate events. The events are in either one of the following two categories controllable or uncontrollable. The supervisor observes the string of events generated by the plant and might prevent the plant from generating a subset of the controllable events. However, the supervisor has no means of forcing the plant to generate an event.

In its original formulation the SCT considered the plant and the specification to be modeled by formal languages, not necessarily regular languages generated by finite automata as was done in most subsequent work.

See also

References
 
 
 

Control theory
Greensman. A greensman or greensperson or nurseryman or greenskeeper or greens foreman is any production personnel on a film set who is responsible for obtaining and taking care of anything "green" or natural used in the film production. This may include plants, grass, trees, flowers, and other various landscaping materials like rocks, gravel, sand, etc. They are considered part of the art department. The role includes the use of artificial materials such as simulated rocks, silk flowers and items representing greens, such as camouflage netting. 

The greensperson functions as a participant in the filmmaking process as an extension of the art department during set construction and in conjunction with the camera department during filming. In addition to set construction, greenspeople often work "on set" assisting the camera team and other departments in adjusting the set to the changing demands of different camera positions and lighting setups, as requested by the creative leaders. 

The range of duties in this category ranges from tending to plant nursery operations (watering, fertilizing, transplanting grass, flowers, bushes, etc.) through to the artful crafting of vines, trees, flowers and the like using cut living material and/or various simulated materials.

References

Filmmaking occupations
Opto 22. Opto 22 is a manufacturing company specializing in hardware and software products for industrial automation, remote monitoring, and data acquisition. The company is based in Southern California and sells solid state relays and Ethernet-based input/output systems and controllers. It is based in Temecula, California.

History 

Opto 22 was founded in 1974 as a manufacturer of solid state relays. The company soon expanded its offerings to include a variety of computer-based industrial automation, remote monitoring, and data acquisition products. In 1978, Opto 22 developed the first computer-based plug-in I/O modules, and created the Yellow-Black-White-Red color scheme used to identify digital AC input, digital AC output, digital DC input, and digital DC output modules respectively.

In 1982, the company created Optomux, a serial-based I/O system using the ASCII protocol. The following year, with the introduction of the personal computer prompting a shift in the automation industry to PC-based control, Opto 22 developed what was to be the first in a series of software packages for designing control strategies on a PC using flowcharts. This provided a new alternative to the more popular ladder logic programming model. Later, Opto 22 introduced the mistic controller, which had many of the same features and functionality of a modern programmable logic controller.

Opto 22 markets the SNAP brand of Ethernet products, including industrial processors, controllers, I/O racks and modules, software and accessories. In 2007 the company introduced the SNAP PAC System, adding higher powered controllers with redundant Ethernet communications, new programming and human machine interface development software, higher density I/O modules, database connectivity tools and software that simulated the SNAP PAC controller hardware. The result was a suite of control system components, suitable for simple cell control or complex, distributed control architectures.

References

External links 
 Company website

Automation organizations
Temecula, California
Computer companies of the United States
Isopropyl acetate. Isopropyl acetate is an ester, an organic compound which is the product of esterification of acetic acid and isopropanol.  It is a clear, colorless liquid with a characteristic fruity odor.

Isopropyl acetate is a solvent with a wide variety of manufacturing uses that is miscible with most other organic solvents, and slightly soluble in water (although less so than ethyl acetate).  It is used as a solvent for cellulose, plastics, oil and fats.  It is a component of some printing inks and perfumes.

Isopropyl acetate decomposes slowly on contact with steel in the presence of air, producing acetic acid and isopropanol. It reacts violently with oxidizing materials and it attacks many plastics.

Isopropyl acetate is quite flammable in both its liquid and vapor forms, and it may be harmful if swallowed or inhaled.

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration has set a permissible exposure limit (PEL) of 250ppm (950mg/m3) over an eight-hour time-weighted average for workers handling isopropyl acetate.

References

Flavors
Ester solvents
Acetate esters
Isopropyl esters
Sweet-smelling chemicals
Portability. Portability  may refer to:
Portability (social security), the portability of social security benefits
Porting, the ability of a computer program to be ported from one system to another in software engineering
Software portability, the portability of a piece of software to alternative platforms
Telephone number portability (disambiguation) keeping one telephone number while switching one's account to another telephony provider
Portlet, user interface software components that are managed and displayed in a web portal
 Portability of the estate tax exclusion amount regarding Estate tax in the United States

See also 
 Portable (disambiguation)
David du Bose Gaillard. David du Bose Gaillard (September 4, 1859 – December 5, 1913) was a U.S. Army engineer instrumental in the construction of the Panama Canal. During the years of the US Canal Zone (c. 1915–2000), the Culebra Cut in the Panama Canal bore his name in his memory.

Biography
Lieutenant Colonel David DuBose Gaillard was born in Fulton Crossroads, South Carolina, which is located in what is now the Manchester State Forest near Sumter. Gaillard graduated from West Point in 1884. After promotion to first lieutenant in 1887, he married Katherine Ross Davis. The couple had one child, David St. Pierre Gaillard. By 1903 he was a captain in the Army Corps of Engineers. 

In 1908 Gaillard was placed in charge of construction of the central portion of the Panama Canal, crossing the continental divide. He was in charge of the notorious Culebra Cut through the backbone of the isthmus. Men who worked with him said he gave 12 hours every day to the Culebra Cut, besides which, he took his share in the labor of general administration of the Canal Zone. He checked up expenses, even on small things, and once it was computed he had saved the government $17,000,000.

Gaillard died nine months before the Panama Canal opened. He returned to the US suffering from what was thought to be nervous exhaustion brought on by overwork and died of a brain tumor on December 5, 1913 at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, aged 54. He is buried at Arlington National Cemetery.

Family 
Gaillard married Katherine Ross Davis at Winnsboro, South Carolina, on October 6, 1887. She accompanied him to Panama and while there collected plant specimens for the United States National Herbarium. While in Panama she was also an orchid collector.

References

External links

Picture of historical marker, from Historical Marker Database

1859 births
1913 deaths
United States Military Academy alumni
United States Army Corps of Engineers personnel
Panama Canal
American civil engineers
American canal engineers
Wayne Bell. Wayne Bell is the creator of the WWIV BBS system.  The first WWIV BBS went online in Los Angeles in December 1984.  His BBS, WWIV version 1.0 written in BASIC and 2.0 written in Turbo Pascal later came to be named Amber, node 1 of the WWIVnet BBS network. His handle as the SysOp was Laison Al'Gaib when it was WWIV, then Random when it became Amber.

Bell continued to own and develop the WWIV software for over a decade, becoming an iconic figure in the online world, before the privatization and subsequent expansion of the Internet caused the BBS world to fade in the mid to late nineties.

Bell eventually sold WWIV, retaining his career as a computer technician.

Clips of an interview with Bell appear as part of BBS: The Documentary.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American computer programmers
Single frequency approach. In aviation, a single frequency approach (SFA) is a service for a military single-piloted turbojet aircraft to use a single UHF frequency during their landing approach. Circumstances permitting, pilots will not be required to change their frequency when they switch from ARTCC to terminal facility control when conducting an SFA.

In the U.S., per the FAA, controllers are not allowed to require a frequency change from aircraft conducting an SFA unless:
 Pilot has completed landing or low approach
 Aircraft is in VFR conditions during daylight hours
 Pilot requests a frequency change
 Emergency situation exists
 Aircraft is cleared for a visual approach
 Pilot cancels their IFR flight plan 

If a change of control is necessary, controllers will hand off the frequency to each other, instead of having the pilots change the frequency on their radio.

Airbands
American military aviation
Hans Wocke. Hans Wocke (born 2 August 1908 in Danzig) was a German airplane designer.
He was the chief developer of Junkers (JFM AG) during World War II. One of Wocke's major achievements was the development of the  Junkers Ju 287 wing design since autumn 1942. Wocke was sent to Moscow in 1946 together with Brunolf Baade where he worked on the EF131 to EF150 projects. In 1954, Wocke returned to the German Democratic Republic, moving to West Germany shortly afterwards and joining Hamburger Flugzeugbau (HFB) to head up an engineering team. In Hamburg, Wocke completed work on the HFB 320 business jet, whose wings were forward swept, a design Wocke transferred from the Junkers Ju 287 in the early 1960s.

References

German engineers
Year of death missing
1908 births
Tert-Butyl acetate. tert-Butyl acetate, t-butyl acetate or TBAc is a colorless flammable liquid with a camphor- or blueberry-like smell.  It is used as a solvent in the production of lacquers, enamels, inks, adhesives, thinners and industrial cleaners.  It has recently gained EPA volatile organic compound (VOC) exempt status.

It is manufactured from acetic acid and isobutylene. An attempt at Fischer esterification would lead to elimination of tert-butyl alcohol to isobutylene.

Butyl acetate has four isomers (or five, including stereoisomers): tert-butyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, and sec-butyl acetate (two enantiomers).

See also
 tert-Butyl formate
 PCBTF VOC Exempt

References

External links
 ChemExpr.com
CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards

Ester solvents
Acetate esters
Tert-Butyl esters
Sweet-smelling chemicals
Sec-Butyl acetate. sec-Butyl acetate, or s-butyl acetate, is an ester commonly used as a solvent in lacquers and enamels, where it is used in the production of acyclic polymers, vinyl resins, and nitrocellulose. It is a clear flammable liquid with a sweet smell.

sec-Butyl acetate has three isomers that are also acetate esters: n-butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, and tert-butyl acetate.

History 

The first method of production of sec-butyl acetate was the esterification of sec-butanol and acetic anhydride It was experimentally determined and published in 1946 by Rolf Altschul.

Toxicology 

The  for rats is 13g/kg. Exposure in humans to significant quantities of sec-butyl acetate can cause irritation to the eyes, mouth, throat, nose, and skin. Ingestion and inhalation of sec-butyl acetate can cause central nervous system depression producing symptoms of dizziness and disorientation.

Nomenclature 

sec-Butyl acetate is chiral. It has one stereocenter, carbon 2 in the sec-butyl group. The names of the two enantiomers are:
 [(2S)-butan-2-yl] acetate, (+)-sec-butyl acetate
 [(2R)-butan-2-yl] acetate, (-)-sec-butyl acetate

References

External links 
 ChemExpr.com
 CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards

Ester solvents
Acetate esters
Sweet-smelling chemicals
Sec-Butyl esters
Antiperistasis. Antiperistasis, in philosophy, is a general term for various processes, real or contrived, in which one quality heightens the force of another, opposing, quality.

Overview
Historically, antiperistasis as a type of explanation was applied to numerous phenomena, from the interaction of quicklime with cold water, to the origin of thunder and lightning.

In his Timaeus, Plato introduces the concept of periosis pushing around in order to explain various phenomena. Plato, for instance, appeals to it to explain how respiration functions in human beings. His 'theory' has been most famously adopted by Aristotle who made popular the term antiperistasis. In a nutshell it was "the doctrine that a moving object, which is no longer in touch with the mover, is moved by the medium through which it moves. Logically, it is connected to the  idea that void does not exist.

It was using this explanation that academic philosophers claimed that cold, on many occasions, increases a body's temperature, and dryness increases its moisture. Thus, it was said, quicklime (CaO) was apparently set ablaze when doused with cold water (an effect later explained as an exothermic reaction). It was also the understood reason for why water, such as that in wells, appeared warmer in winter than in summer (later explained as an example of sensory adaptation). It was also suggested that thunder and lightning were the results of antiperistasis caused by the coldness of the sky.

Peripatetic philosophers, who were followers of Aristotle, made extensive use of the principle of antiperistasis. According to such authors,

Other examples used by the proponents of antiperistasis included the aphoristical saying of Hippocrates, "the viscera are hottest in the winter"; and the production of hail in the upper atmosphere, believed to occur only in the summer due to the increased heat of the sun.

Robert Boyle examined the doctrine in his work, "New Experiments and Observations upon Cold."

See also 
 Le Chatelier's principle
 Homeostasis

References

 
 "Antiperistasis", Cyclopædia, Ephraim Chambers, 1728

Obsolete scientific theories
Aristotelianism
Periodic poling. Periodic poling is a formation of layers with alternate orientation in a birefringent material. The domains are regularly spaced, with period in a multiple of the desired wavelength of operation. The structure is designed to achieve quasi-phase-matching (QPM) in the material.

Periodically poled crystals are frequently used as nonlinear optical materials. They are more efficient at second-harmonic generation than crystals of the same material without periodic structure. The material for the crystals is usually a wide-bandgap inorganic crystal, or in some cases a suitable organic polymer. Some popular materials in current use are potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP), lithium niobate, and lithium tantalate.

The periodic structure is created in the crystal using a range of techniques. Pulsed electric field, electron bombardment, thermal pulsing, or other methods can be used to reposition the atoms in the lattice, creating oriented domains. This can be achieved either during the growth of the crystal or subsequently.

See also
 Glass poling

References

External links
 Encyclopedia of laser physics and technology

Nonlinear optics
PowerPlant. PowerPlant is an object-oriented GUI toolkit, application framework and set of class libraries for the Classic Mac OS, created by Metrowerks. The framework was fairly popular during the late (OS versions 8 and 9) Classic Mac OS era, and was primarily used with CodeWarrior. It was designed to work with a GUI editor called Constructor, which was primarily a resource editor specializing in UI elements. Constructor used several custom resource types, 'PPob' ("PowerPlant object"—a general view description), 'CTYP' (custom widgets), and Mcmd (used for dispatching menu-related events). Later it was ported to also support MacOS X development with a single code base.

After Metrowerks was acquired by Motorola, then spun out as part of Freescale Semiconductor, PowerPlant and the rest of the CodeWarrior desktop development tools were discontinued.

During its heyday from the mid-1990s until the early 2000s, PowerPlant was the most popular framework available for Mac programmers, replacing both the THINK Class Library and MacApp as the premier object-oriented toolkit for the MacOS; however, the transition to MacOS X was rather difficult for many PowerPlant programmers. In 1997, there was no plan to port PowerPlant to the Yellow Box API found on Rhapsody, a radically different API that would become Cocoa, the official MacOS X API. Instead Metrowerks plan was to port PowerPlant using Codewarior Latitude, a Mac to UNIX porting library they acquired recently. In 2000, as Apple revised its transition plans, PowerPlant was ported to Carbon, with the Aqua user interface on MacOS X, offering a solution for developers wanting to support the new operating system.

A new version, PowerPlant X, was introduced in 2004 as a native Carbon framework, using Carbon Events but never became as popular on Mac OS X as PowerPlant had been on Classic Mac OS. 

In February 2006, the PowerPlant class libraries were released as open source under the BSD license hosted on SourceForge. Although it could theoretically be recompiled for x86-64 Macs, it is Carbon-dependent and therefore can only be used in 32-bit mode, which preclude its use for software to run on macOS Catalina or later as 32-bit application support was dropped by the system.

References

External links
 

Widget toolkits