omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Electric Power Systems Research. Electric Power Systems Research is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on new applications of transmission, generation, distribution and uses of electric power. Its current editor-in-chief is Maria Teresa Correia de Barros. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2010 impact factor of 1.396.

References

External links 
 

Power engineering
Electric power
Elsevier academic journals
Electrical and electronic engineering journals
Academic journals established in 1977
Monthly journals
English-language journals
H&BR Class G3. The H&BR Class G3 (LNER Class J75) was a class of  steam locomotives of the Hull and Barnsley Railway (H&BR). The H&BR became part of the North Eastern Railway (NER) in 1922 and the NER became part of the London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) in 1923.

Rebuilding
The locomotives were built with domeless boilers working at 150 psi.  Starting in 1922, 14 of the 16 were rebuilt with domed boilers working at 175 psi.

Withdrawal
They were withdrawn between 1937 and 1949. One locomotive survived into British Railways (BR) ownership in 1948 and was given the BR number 68365. None were preserved.

References

M3
0-6-0T locomotives
Kitson locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1901
Scrapped locomotives
YEC locomotives
Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain
Holbay Engineering. Holbay Engineering was a small family run British engineering company specializing in engine modifications and race tuning.  Although they enjoyed much success during the 1960s and 1970s with their competition race engines, they are best remembered today for their work on the Rootes 1725cc OHV engines as used in the Hillman Hunter GLS and Sunbeam Rapier H120.

History

The company was founded by John Read between 1958 and 1959 together with his older brother Roger Dunnell and was initially run from the family home in Sheffield.

The company moved into larger premises at Martlesham Heath in Suffolk in 1964 and went into liquidation in 1992 after the untimely death of its founder John Read in an unusual aircraft accident.

Some of the assets of the company were sold at auction but the intellectual property rights, including the ‘Holbay’ registered trademark, company records together with all engine production details and specifications, passed to the son of the founder, Paul Dunnell, who had served his apprenticeship at the company and worked there as an engineer for some years. 

Paul established his own renowned engine and race tuning business, Dunnell Engines in 1989 and absorbed the renamed Holbay Racing Engines Ltd into the Dunnell business and remains the source of knowledge and expertise for Holbay engines today.

List of Holbay Engines 
 Type number unknown - Holbay tuned Ford Anglia engine, a popular choice with British Formula Junior racing car constructors 
 S65 - based on a Ford Cortina block and using a Holbay cylinder head. 
 H120  (As supplied to the Rootes Group for their Hunter GLS and Rapier H120 Models)

References

http://www.motorbase.com/vehicle/by-id/1202/
https://web.archive.org/web/20120819151802/http://www.rootes-chrysler.co.uk/car-development/dev-hunter.html

External links
   Holbay.co.uk (redirects to Dunnell Engines)
 Dunnel Engines
Woodbridge Classic Cars
Automotive companies of the United Kingdom
E. M. Laird Airplane Company. E. M. Laird Airplane Company  was an American aircraft manufacturer of commercial aircraft and custom race planes.

History

Wichita Airplane Company 

Emil Matthew Laird partnered with the founders of the Wichita Airplane Company to build a new commercial biplane aircraft in 1920. The E.M Laird Company built 45 Swallow aircraft of this design. The company turned down an offer to move to Monmouth, Illinois in 1922. E.M Laird sold all rights on 27 September 1923 to J. M Mollendick, and formed a new company, the E. M. Laird Airplane Company based out of Chicago. The original E. M. Laird Company then became the Swallow Airplane Company, retaining brother Charles Laird. Charles Laird concurrently started a short lived aircraft company named Laird Aircraft Corporation, publicly known as Whipporwhill in order to differentiate himself from Emil.

E.M. Laird Aircraft 

The E.M. Laird Aircraft company returned to Laird's hometown, building facilities at Ashburn Field, in Ashburn, Chicago. By 1928, Laird's aircraft had reached a level quality and competition, that the Stout Metal Airplane Division of the Ford Motor Company offered to hire Laird, and purchase all the assets of his company.

Aircraft

References

External links
 Laird, Laird-Swallow, Laird-Turner – Aerofiles

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the United States
Howland H-2 Honey Bee. The Howland H-2 Honey Bee is an American homebuilt aircraft that was designed by Bert Howland and made available by Howland Aero Design in the form of plans for amateur construction, with kits provided by Aircraft Spruce & Specialty Co. The H-2 first flew in 1986.

Design and development
The H-2 is a single-seat, open cockpit biplane, with conventional landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration.

The aircraft is made from aluminium and covered in doped aircraft fabric covering. The fuselage is made from square aluminum tubing that is TIG welded and weighs  when completed. Its  span wings are of a straight planform and both of equal span. The wings have seven foam wing ribs per wing panel and incorporate a D-cell front spar and a C-channel rear spar. The landing gear is conventional, with suspended main wheels and a steerable tailwheel. The H-2 has an open cockpit, with a small windshield. Controls are conventional three-axis, with ailerons, rudder and elevator. The standard design has two ailerons, with four optional.

Since the death of the designer plans have been intermittently available and were last provided by Classic Aero Enterprises. Aircraft Spruce and Specialty continue to provide raw materials kits.

The aircraft has an acceptable power range of  and the Hirth 2706 of  is the standard engine recommended. Installation of the  Hirth F30, or an equivalent engine, along with an inverted fuel system, allows intermediate level competition aerobatics.

The plans consist of 40 engineering drawings and a booklet of construction notes. Estimated building time is 800 hours.

Variants
H-2
Base model with two ailerons and a  Hirth 2706 engine
H-2A
Aerobatic competition model with four ailerons, inverted fuel system and a  Hirth F30 engine

Specifications (H-2)

See also

References

External links
Photo of an H-2 in flight

1980s United States ultralight aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Fernando von Reichenbach. Fernando von Reichenbach (1931 – March 17, 2005) was an Argentine engineer and inventor.

Inventions
Some of his inventions were:
Catalina or graphic analog converter (1967): capable of synthesizing sounds following an analog score by a video camera. 
System for inducing sleep (developed in conjunction with Dr. Fontana), by reproducing maternal prenatal sounds. 
Ultrasonic drill.

20th-century Argentine engineers
Engineers from Buenos Aires
1931 births
2005 deaths
Argentine people of German descent
Burials at La Chacarita Cemetery
Vistagy. VISTAGY, Inc. is a business segment within the Siemens Digital Industries Software business unit and is located in Waltham, Massachusetts, USA. On December 6, 2011 Siemens closed its acquisition of VISTAGY. VISTAGY is a provider of engineering software and services focused on the specific requirements of vertical industries, including aerospace, automotive, marine, and wind energy. The company has sales and support offices throughout North and South America, Asia, and Europe. VISTAGY was founded by Steve Luby in 1991. He serves as the unit's president and CEO.

VISTAGY products are fully integrated into commercial 3D computer–aided–design platforms, including Siemens NX, Dassault Systèmes CATIA V4 and V5, and PTC Creo.

VISTAGY's software applications include:
 FiberSIM for designing and manufacturing composite structures
 SyncroFIT for designing and manufacturing airframe assemblies and large aerostructures
 Quality Planning Environment (QPE) for developing plans to assess aerostructure quality
 Seat Design Environment for designing and manufacturing transportation seat systems and interior components

The company supplies manufacturers in the aerospace, wind energy, automotive, and marine industries, including Bombardier Aerospace, General Motors, NASA, Nordex, Lotus Renault GP, and Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft (HDW).

References

Further reading
 "Siemens acquires materials software firm Vistagy for undisclosed terms” Boston Business Journal (November 9, 2011)
 "Vistagy acquisition closes” Reinforced Plastics (December 9, 2011)
  VISTAGY Series Page on the Siemens PLM Software Web site

External links
 
  "Coordinating CAD for Product Lifecycle" Aviation Week  (October 20, 2011)
 "Not just another road trip" Reinforced Plastics (October 11, 2011)
 "Vistagy Survey Benchmarks Composites Best-Practices" Design News (August 15, 2011)
 "The holistic approach" Aerospace Manufacturing (July 16, 2010)
 NASA Tech Briefs (November 1, 2009)
 "Formula 1 team accelerates design-to-track speed" High-Performance Composites (May 1, 2008)

Software companies based in Massachusetts
Software companies of the United States
August Ritter (civil engineer). August Ritter (11 December 1826, in Lüneburg – 26 February 1908, in Lüneburg) was a German civil engineer.

Biography
He was educated at the Polytechnic Institute at Hanover, and at Göttingen. He was a practicing engineer for some time, in 1856 became teacher of mechanics and construction of machinery at Hanover, in the Polytechnic Institute, and in 1870 became professor in the School of Technology at Aix-la-Chapelle. He is best known as the author of Ritter's method of doing calculations for arches for bridges and roofs.

Works
 Elementary Theory and Calculation of Iron Bridges and Roofs (German, 1863, 5th ed. 1894; Eng. by Sankey, 1879)
 Lehrbuch der technischen Mechanik (1864; 7th ed. 1896)
 Lehrbuch der Ingenieur-Mechanik (1874–76)
 Lehrbuch der analytischen Mechanik (2nd ed. 1883)

Notes

References
 

1826 births
1908 deaths
German civil engineers
Academic staff of RWTH Aachen University
People from Lüneburg
Engineers from Lower Saxony
PAM 100B Individual Lifting Vehicle. 

The PAM 100B Individual Lifting Vehicle was an American lifting vehicle designed and built in the early 1990s by the Performance Aviation Manufacturing Group of Williamsburg, Virginia, it is also designed for amateur construction from a kit of parts.  
, a UAV variant of the design was reportedly being developed in 2001.

Design and development
The project was started in October 1989 with the prototype first flying in June 1994 originally with a single engine. It was later rebuilt with two Hirth F30A two-stroke engines. The lifting vehicle is an open frame with one person standing on top with a protective tubular framework. Below the framework the vehicle has two coaxial contra-rotating two-blade rotors with directional control from two small propellers at the ends of the cross-tubes. It has a fixed skid landing gear.

Variants
PAM 100B
Piston-powered lifting vehicle with two Hirth F30A engines.
PAM 100T
Turbine-powered variant with a JFS-100-13 engine.
PAM 200
Kit-built variant of the 100B.
UAV
A unmanned variant based on the turbine powered 100T was under development in 2001.

Specifications (PAM 100B)

References

Notes

Bibliography

 

1990s United States experimental aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Z-Mill. The Z-Mill or Sendzimir Mill is a machine for rolling steels. Unlike a traditional rolling mill this 20-high cluster mill configuration utilizes cascaded supporting rolls to apply force on the small work rolls in the center. This allows the application of a higher roll pressure without bending the work rolls, which would result in poor metal quality. Thus very hard and elastic materials can be rolled.

An early version of a Sendzimir Mill, one with fewer back-up rollers, was installed in the Old Park Silver Mills in Sheffield, England.  Its primary function was to roll sheet nickel silver for the city's renowned cutlery and flatware trades. The installation was frequently cited in the Metallurgy degree course at Sheffield University. The Old Park Mills held a key place in the Industrial Revolution. They were originally laid down by Joseph Hancock in 1762-65 to produce Old Sheffield Plate - a thinner layer of silver fused onto thicker copper was then rolled into sheets - for the emerging Sheffield silverware industry. As such, the factory was probably one of the first in the world solely producing a semi-manufacture for other businesses. The original Old Sheffield Plate, now much sought-after by collectors, lasted for almost a century until it was superseded by electroplate technology in the mid-nineteenth century. Then the Old Park business switched to rolling nickel silver which, after manufacture, was electroplated.

Details of the Old Park Silver Mills and the silverware industry are explained in Mary Walton's  book "Sheffield : its Story and its Achievements", pp116-120. Although the book was published in 1948 by the "Sheffield Telegraph"  it remains in indispensable source on the city's history.

Development 

The evolution to the current 20-High Cluster Sendzimir Mill from the early 12-High configuration was pioneered by Tadeusz Sendzimir in the early 1930s. The designs for the Sendzimir Mill were patented.

References

Further reading 

Cold Rolling Of Steel

Steel
Rolling mills
Percobaltate. Percobaltates are chemical compounds where the oxidation state of cobalt is +5. This is the highest established oxidation state of cobalt. The simplest of these are bi-metallic Group 1 oxides such as sodium percobaltate (Na3CoO4); which may be produced by the reaction of cobalt(II,III) oxide and sodium oxide, using oxygen as the oxidant:

 4 Co3O4 + 18 Na2O + 7 O2  → 12 Na3CoO4

The potassium salt can be synthesized similarly; its magnetic moment has indicated the existence of cobalt(V). No crystallographic analysis has been reported for either material.  Percobaltates can be stabilized by use of oxides or fluorides.

A number of organometallic Co(V) complexes have also been reported.

See also 
 Caesium hexafluorocobaltate(IV)

References 

Salts
Cobalt compounds
Transition metal oxyanions
Oxometallates
Fork Particle. Fork Particle is a computer graphics visual effects modeling and software development kit (SDK) developed and sold by Fork Particle, Inc. Fork Particle uses its real time particle system technology to simulate visual effects or particle effects such as CGI explosions, fire, rain, smoke, dust, etc. Fork Particle is used in video games and visual simulation software such as a flight simulator. It has been licensed to game developers for Windows, macOS, Linux, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360 and Xbox One.

Notable Fork Particle licensees include Ubisoft, Trickstar Games, Firaxis Games, ZeniMax Online Studios, Electronic Arts, Microsoft, LEGO, and Sony. Video games that have utilized Fork Particle’s technology include Elder Scrolls Online, Sid Meier's Civilization: Beyond Earth, Rocksmith 2014 Edition, Empire Earth III, LEGO Universe, Splosion Man, Sid Meier's Civilization V and Sid Meier's Civilization VI.

Fork Particle SDK 
Fork Particle's real time technology component or particle engine is meant to be integrated and used with a video game engine or computer graphics engine. Particle effects are authored by VFX artists or designers using Fork Particle’s effects modeling tool and then brought into the user’s 3D computer graphics environment or 2D computer graphics environment where these particle effects are simulated by Fork Particle’s engine in real time and displayed by the user application’s graphics engine.

The Fork Particle SDK includes these components: real time particle engine (Fork Runtime SDK), particle editor or modeling tool (Fork Particle Studio), live update for in application particle effects editing (Fork Live Tuner), and particle effects definitions batch file exporter.

Technology Partners 
Fork Particle also includes incorporation or integrations with partner technologies:
 Microsoft Xbox 360
 Microsoft Xbox One
 Sony PlayStation 3
 Sony PlayStation 4
 Havok Physics
 Havok Vision Engine
 Emergent Gamebryo LightSpeed
 Perforce SCM
 Autodesk FBX
 NVidia PhysX
 Android
 Apple
 Intel (Multi-core processor support)

References

External links 
 Official website (archived) – news, updates, screenshots, and information about Fork Particle
 Develop Online feature article on Fork Particle – “Particle effects middleware Fork Particle is all about making the most of your game’s big events…”
 Develop Magazine feature article on Fork Particle – “TOOLS SPOTLIGHT” (page 50-51)
 Firaxis Civilization V news article – “Firaxis Using Fork Particle Toolset For Civ V's Visual Effects” by Eric Caoili

3D graphics software
Middleware for video games
Software development kits
Virtual reality
Magnus Berggren. Magnus Berggren (born 1968), is a Swedish professor of organic electronics at Linköping University.

Magnus Berggren was born in Skara, Sweden. In 1991 he received a master's degree in physics and in 1996 a doctoral degree in physics at Linköping University. He then joined Bell Laboratories in the United States, for a one-year post doc research period. In 2001 he was appointed as a professor of organic electronics at Linköping University.

His research addresses how to utilise organic electronics in novel applications such as in printed-paper electronics and in biology applications.

In 2011 Magnus Berggren became an elected member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Since 2005 he has been the Director of the Strategic Research Centre for Organic Bioelectronics, OBOE, at Linköping University, which is funded by the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research.

External links 
 Electronics on Paper, Linköping University, 2011-11-17
 Publications, Magnus Berggren, Linköping University Electronic Press
 Magnus Berggren: Artificial Nervous Systems and Electronic Plants, SPIE Newsroom

References 

Swedish physicists
Academic staff of Linköping University
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
1968 births
Living people
Helen Dannetun. Helen Dannetun (born 1957) is a Swedish professor of physics and rector of Linköping University.

In 1980 Helen Dannetun received a Master of Science in Applied Physics and Electrical Engineering at Linköping University, Sweden, and in 1987 a doctoral degree in applied physics. In 1996, she became an associate professor and in 1994 a senior lecturer. In 2002, she was appointed as a professor of physics at Linköping University.

She was Head of the Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM) 2000 -2003, and Dean of the Institute of Technology 2004–2011. In June 2011 she was appointed rector of Linköping University, a post that she retained until 30 June 2020.

Helen Dannetun serves as a leading technical advisor to the Swedish Ministry of Education and was a member of the governing board of the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research 2010-2011 and of the Swedish Technology Delegation (Teknikdelegationen) 2008–2010.

External links 
 Publications, Helen Dannetun, Linköping University Electronic Press
 Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research 2011-11-17
 The Swedish Technology Delegation 2011-11-17

References 

Swedish physicists
Academic staff of Linköping University
1957 births
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Linköping University alumni
Swedish women academics
NNFCC. NNFCC is a consultancy company specialising in bioenergy, biofuels and bio-based products.

History
Established by the UK Government in 2003 as the National Non-Food Crops Centre (NNFCC) to help extend the competitive non-food uses of crops, NNFCC is now an international consultancy providing advice on the conversion of biomass to bioenergy, biofuels and bio-based products.

The company is based in the BioCentre on the York Science Park and was opened in November 2003 by Larry Whitty, Baron Whitty. The current Managing Director is Dr Adrian Higson.

Company information
NNFCC specialises in providing information and knowledge on the supply of biomass, its use in industrial applications and the fate of biomaterials at their end-of-life.

NNFCC operate in five separate sectors:
 Feedstock
 Bioenergy
 Biofuels
 Bio-based products
 Biorefining

The company undertakes consultancy for a wide range of organisations, including British Airways, INEOS, BASF, Braskem and NatureWorks. NNFCC also receive funding and is a delivery partner for the UK Government's Department for Energy and Climate Change.

In addition to the consultancy offered by NNFCC, the company also have paid membership for businesses and individuals.

See also

 Non-Food Crops
 Advanced Biofuels
 Biofuels
 Bioliquids
 Biomass
 Bioplastic
 Biorefinery
 Anaerobic Digestion
 Hemp
 Vegetable oil

References

External links
 NNFCC Homepage
 The Official Source for Information on AD and Biogas
 BBC article: Future of biofuels
 Daily Telegraph article: Cars powered by rubbish 'in two years time'
 Guardian article: One day, all houses will be built this way

Agriculture companies of the United Kingdom
Bioenergy organizations
Biofuel in the United Kingdom
Department of Energy and Climate Change
Non-food crops
Organisations based in York
Organizations established in 2003
Private companies limited by guarantee of the United Kingdom
Research institutes in North Yorkshire
Organisations associated with the University of York
Laird Baby Biplane. The Laird Baby Biplane was the second aircraft built by Matty Laird in the United States of America.

Design and development
The Baby Biplane was built by Laird at the age of 16, with assistance from his brother Charles.

The Baby Biplane was a single-seat biplane made of wood with aircraft fabric covering, having conventional landing gear. Later the aircraft was covered with Irish Linen and French cellulose-nitrate dope.

Operational history
Laird operated from Chicago's Cicero field. A self-taught pilot, his first flight resulted in the aircraft flipping over after becoming airborne. Over time, the aircraft flew up to 30 minutes at a time. The instrument panel consisted of a pocket watch, used to time the fuel supply.

Aircraft on display
A replica of the Baby Biplane was built by Dean Tilton and donated to the Florida Air Museum in Lakeland, Florida, United States.

Specifications (Baby Biplane)

References

External links

 Image of the Baby Biplane in the Florida Air Museum

Biplanes
Aerobatic aircraft
Baby biplane