omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Registration pin. A registration pin is a device intended to hold a piece of film, paper or other material in place during photographic exposure, copying or drawing.

Registration pins are used in offset printing and cartography, to accurately position the different films or plates for multi-color work.

In traditional, hand-drawn animation, the registration pins are often called pegs, and are attached to a peg bar.

Also, in traditional, hand-taped printed circuit board artwork, usually at two or four times actual size. Sometimes on a single transparent base, usually mylar, with Layer 1 being on the front and Layer 2 being on the back, in red and green, respectively, for later   separation into component parts using a process camera.

Motion picture cameras and related applications
In motion picture cameras, the pin(s) hold the film still during exposure.

In certain professional motion picture cameras and step printers, there may be two registration pins: one referred to as the big pin, which provides primary (axial and lateral) registration while the other is referred to as the little pin, which provides secondary (axial) registration. With the big pin/little pin concept, it is not required to employ side pressure or other means to guide the film through the intermittent movement with absolute precision, as the big pin fills the perforation completely. The little pin does not completely fill the perforation in width, only in height; this difference accommodates slight changes in the dimensions of the film media due to changes in relative humidity or media age.

This system is employed primarily in high-end professional cameras in the West. In the East, especially countries of the former Soviet Union, a single registration pin, corresponding in function to the big pin, is employed along with side pressure.

Additionally, Western professional cameras employ Bell and Howell (BH) pins as a rule, whereas Eastern professional cameras generally employ Kodak Standard (KS) pins. The Kodak Standard was originally recommended by the Western standards organizations, but was soundly rejected by Western studios and camera equipment manufacturers. Western professional cameras provided to the East during World War II's Lend-Lease program were usuallt converted to KS pins by the receiving country.

To further improve registration accuracy, the perforations which are utilized for registration are not used for film advancement (i.e., for pull-down).

The above description applies to professional applications, which is generally taken to mean film gauges larger than 16mm (i.e., 35mm and 65/70mm).

For 16mm, usually only one registration pin is employed. Certain cameras and step printers which utilize 2R (two-row) perforations may employ the same strategy as for professional applications, but 2R is seldom utilized except for certain high-speed photography and almost never for duplication or prints.

References 

Photography equipment
Douglas XA-2. The Douglas XA-2 was an American prototype attack aircraft converted from a Douglas O-2 observation aircraft in the spring of 1926 by Douglas Aircraft. Only one prototype aircraft was built and the type was not ordered into production.

Design and development
One Douglas O-2, serial number 25-380, was modified for the new role as an attack aircraft. While the basic structure of the aircraft remained, there were several modifications made. The water-cooled Liberty engine (V-1650) of the O-2 was replaced by an inverted air-cooled Allison VG-1410 engine. The lower engine cowlings were omitted to allow for more cooling air flow over the engine. 

Second, the XA-2 was more heavily armed than the O-2. It had six forward-firing .30-caliber Browning machine guns - two in the nose forward of the cockpit, and two each in the mid-upper and lower wings. Two .30-caliber Lewis guns were put on a flexible mount for use by the observer-gunner in rear defense of the aircraft. The aircraft also had the capacity for a small bomb load of 100 lb (45 kg).

The Douglas XA-2 was evaluated against the Curtiss XA-3 (a conversion of the Curtiss O-1B observation plane). The Douglas Aircraft won the initial competition, but the Army realized that the Liberty engine was both underpowered and in dwindling supply. It ordered a second competition with both models upgraded with Packard 1A-1500 engines. The Curtiss aircraft won this time and became the U.S. Army Air Corps' frontline attack aircraft (Curtiss A-3 Attack Falcon) from 1928 to 1935.

Operators

United States Army Air Corps

Specifications (XA-2)

See also

Citations

Bibliography

Douglas A-02
A-002
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1926
Engelsberg Ironworks. Engelsberg Ironworks () is an ironworks in Ängelsberg, a village in Fagersta Municipality in Västmanland County, Sweden. It was built in 1681 by Per Larsson Gyllenhöök (1645–1706) and developed into one of the world's most modern ironworks in the period 1700–1800. It is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1993.

Name 
Engelsberg Ironworks is named after Englika. Englika, who was born in Germany, began producing iron in Engelsberg in the 14th century.

History 
The history of iron production in the region dates back to at least 13th century. The local peasants both mined the ore and produced the iron using primitive furnaces.

In the end of the 16th century more modern production methods were introduced in Engelsberg and production volumes increased substantially in the following decades.

The mill, which historically belonged to the Västervåla parish and Norberg, was built in 1681 by the county sheriff Per Larsson Höök (1645–1706). By then, ironworking had already been carried out on the site for a long time by miners.

Description 
The preserved buildings include a manor house, the inspector's house and the smelting house with a blast furnace.

UNESCO World Heritage Site
Engelsberg Ironworks is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It was added to the list in 1993. The UNESCO comments were:

Gallery

References

External links

UNESCO description

World Heritage Sites in Sweden
Museums in Västmanland County
Industry museums in Sweden
Cultural heritage of Sweden
1681 establishments in Sweden
NTE. NTE may refer to:

Companies 

Nord-Trøndelag Elektrisitetsverk, a power company in Norway
 Northern Tier Energy, an energy company in the United States
 NTE Electronics, an electronic component supplier in the United States

Science and technology 

 Near-term extinction, the prospect of an imminent end of the human species
 Network termination equipment
 Negative thermal expansion, a physicochemical process
 Not-To-Exceed, a pollution emission standard

Other 
 National Teacher Examination, a past standardized test replaced by the Praxis test
 Neverness to Everness, an upcoming video game
 Night-time economy, the economy made up of venues and industries such as bars and nightclubs
 IATA code of Nantes Atlantique Airport in Bouguenais, France
VDL SB250. The VDL SB250 (originally the DAF SB250) was a full-size low-floor single-decker bus launched in 1997, which was designed specifically for Continental Europe market by DAF.

The SB250 chassis could be fitted with bodywork supplied by fellow VDL Bus & Coach subsidiaries VDL Berkhof, Valkenswaard or Jonckheere), etc.

Like its competitor, the Volvo B7L, the engine was mounted at the left side of the rear overhang (thus the rear door can be located as rearward as possible), but the radiator was mounted on the roof.

A revised version of SB250 was launched in 2004 as the SB250+. The design has received a number of modifications, including the use of the independent front suspension.

References

External links

Product description of VDL SB250+ VDL Bus & Coach

Bus chassis
Full-size buses
Low-floor buses
SB250
Vehicles introduced in 1997
Musa (robot). MUSA is a robot that can fight using Kendo. It was completed in July 2005 by the Manufacturing & Mechatronics Lab of Seoul National University headed by Professor Young-Bong Bang. MUSA is  tall and weighs .

References
 Fighting MUSA Robot Unveiled (Kendo, Not Rock'em Sock'em)

Humanoid robots
2005 robots
Seoul National University
Robots of South Korea
Rolling robots
Vacuum casting (elastomers). Vacuum casting is a casting process for elastomers using a vacuum to draw the liquid material into the mold. This process is used when air entrapment is a problem, there are intricate details or undercuts, or if the material is fiber or wire reinforced.

The main disadvantage to this process is the high price for the equipment.

Process
The process starts by placing a two piece silicone mold in a vacuum chamber. The raw material is mixed, degassed and then poured into the mold. The vacuum is then released and the mold removed from the chamber. Finally, the casting is cured in an oven and the mold removed to release the completed casting. The silicone mold can be reused.

In some machines the chamber where the material is mixed a pressure can be applied to increase the pressure differential between the mold cavity and the mixing chamber.

See also
 Ablation casting
 Direct chill casting

References

External links
Metal Casting
Squeeze Casting

Casting (manufacturing)
Centrifugal casting (silversmithing). Centrifugal casting in silversmithing is a casting technique where a small mould is poured, then spun on the end of an arm. The centrifugal force thus generated encourages a successful pour.

Processes

Centrifugal casting, or centrifuging, is used as a means of casting small, detailed parts or jewelry. An articulated arm is free to spin around a vertical axle, which is driven by an electric motor or a spring. The entire mechanism is enclosed in a tub or drum to contain hot metal should the mold break or an excess of metal be used. Single use molds are prepared using the lost wax method. A small amount of metal in a crucible (a sort of ceramic pan) next to the mold is heated with a torch. When the metal is molten the arm is released, forcing (by centrifugal force) the metal into the mold. The high forces imposed on the metal overcome the viscosity, resulting in a finely detailed workpiece. A similar advantage may be obtained by vacuum casting or pressure casting.

For casting of small parts using hot metal, a disk shaped mold is contained within a rotating drum, and molten metal is poured into the center.

Machinery
Many machines are available which can perform centrifugal casting, and they are relatively simple to construct. All that is required is an arm which rotates with an adequate amount of centrifugal force, a container on the end of said arm to hold both a mold and the material to be cast into the mold.

See also

References

Casting (manufacturing)
Jewellery making
Shane's Chess Information Database. Shane's Chess Information Database (Scid) is a free and open source UNIX, Windows, Linux, and Mac application for viewing and maintaining large databases of chess games. It has features comparable to popular commercial chess software. Scid is written in Tcl/Tk and C++.

Scid has undergone several stages of development, firstly by Shane Hudson, then by Pascal Georges.

Features 

Scid is a powerful Chess Toolkit with many features. It can interface with XBoard engines (such as Crafty and GNU Chess), and UCI engines (e.g. Fruit, Rybka and Stockfish). Using Scid, one may play games against human opponents (on the Free Internet Chess Server), or computer opponents. Database features include a Move Tree with statistics, Player Information and Photos, and General Searches for specific endings (e.g. pawn vs. rook or rook vs. queen), positions or players. It has a database with 1.4 million games (ScidBase).

Scid's speed is due to its storing chess games in its own compact database format (si4), but it also supports the popular portable game notation (PGN).

Related software 
There are multiple projects related to Scid, all using the si4 database format. ChessDB was the first Scid fork. Scid vs. PC has been in development since 2009, and has an improved interface. Its major new feature is a Computer Tournament mode and also includes rewritten Gamelist, FICS and Analysis widgets. ChessX replaces Tcl/Tk with Qt. Scidb (written in Tcl/C++), implements many chess variants and many read/write formats.

Scid on the go is a browser for Scid database files for Android.

See also 

 ChessBase
 Chess engines
 Chess Assistant
 Chess Informant

References

External links 
 Scid homepage
 Scid vs. PC
 Scidb
 ChessDB
 ChessX
 Jose-chess
 Video guide to using SCID

Free chess software
Chess databases
Software that uses Tk (software)
Zeeman. Zeeman may refer to:
"Zeeman (Je Verlangen Is De Zee)", Dutch rendering of the 1960-61 German-language hit single ""Seemann (Deine Heimat ist das Meer)" 
Zeeman (crater), a lunar impact crater located on the far side of the Moon near its south pole
Zeeman effect, the splitting of a spectral line into several components in the presence of a static magnetic field
Zeeman (store), a European clothing chain based in the Netherlands
Zeeman slower, a scientific apparatus that is commonly used in quantum optics to cool a beam of atoms from room temperature or above to a few kelvins
Zeeman (surname)
 a Dutch Liberty ship in service 1946-50

See also
Seeman (disambiguation)
Seemann (disambiguation)
Blackwater Estuary. The  Blackwater Estuary is the estuary of the River Blackwater between Maldon and West Mersea in Essex. It is a 5,538 hectare biological Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). An area of 4,395 hectares is also designated a Ramsar Wetland of International Importance, and a Special Protection Area 1,099 hectares is a National Nature Reserve. Tollesbury Wick and part of Abbotts Hall Farm, both nature reserve managed by the Essex Wildlife Trust, are in the SSSI.

Oysters have been harvested from the estuary for more than a thousand years and there are remains of fish weirs from the Anglo-Saxon era. At the head of the estuary is the town of Maldon, which is a centre of salt production. The other major settlement is the town West Mersea, of Mersea Island, on the northern seaward side. Numerous other villages are on its banks.

Within the estuary is Northey Island which was the location for the first experiments in the UK in 'managed retreat', i.e. creating saltmarsh by setting sea walls back from what are perceived to be unsustainable positions. The area is notable as a breeding area for little tern (Sternula albifrons) and as a transit point for ringed plover (Charadrius hiaticula).

Over-wintering species
Pied avocet (Recurvirostra avosetta)
Black-tailed godwit (Limosa limosa islandica)
Dark-bellied brent goose (Branta bernicla bernicla)
Dunlin (Calidris alpina alpina)
Eurasian golden plover (Pluvialis apricaria)
Grey plover (Pluvialis squatarola)
Hen harrier (Circus cyaneus)
Common redshank (Tringa totanus)
Ringed plover (Charadrius hiaticula)
Ruff (Philomachus pugnax)
Common shelduck (Tadorna tadorna)

The estuary is also the current mooring location for the radio ship Ross Revenge, the home of former pirate station Radio Caroline

See also 
Osea Island
Pewet Island

References

External links 
Its management and conservation project

Estuaries of England
Special Protection Areas in England
Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Essex
Sites of Special Scientific Interest notified in 1955
Nature Conservation Review sites
Economy of Essex
Ramsar sites in England
Managed retreat
Coastal Essex
Parallel terraced scan. The parallel terraced scan is a multi-agent based search technique that is basic to cognitive architectures, such as Copycat, Letter-string, the Examiner, Tabletop, and others. It was developed by John Rehling and Douglas Hofstadter at the Center for Research on Concepts and Cognition at Indiana University, Bloomington. 

The parallel terraced scan builds on the concepts of the workspace, coderack, conceptual memory, and temperature. According to Hofstadter the parallel and random nature of the processing captures aspects of human cognition.

See also
Copycat

External links
The Parallel Terraced Scan: An Optimization For An Agent-Oriented Architecture (pdf)

Cognitive architecture
Theory of computation
Richard Turner (computer scientist). Richard Turner (born 1954) is a distinguished service professor in the School of Systems and Enterprises of Stevens Institute of Technology in Hoboken, New Jersey.

Turner has a BA in mathematics from Huntingdon College, an MS in computer science from the University of Louisiana-Lafayette, and a DSc in engineering management from the George Washington University.

Before joining Stevens, he was a Fellow of the Systems and Software Consortium Inc., a Research Professor at The George Washington University, a computer scientist at the  Federal Aviation Administration, and technical manager and practitioner with various DC area businesses working with defense, intelligence, and commercial clients.  He has also served as a visiting scientist at the Software Engineering Institute of Carnegie Mellon University, and consulted independently.

Much of his research at Stevens has been through the Systems Engineering Research Center (SERC) supporting the U.S. Department of Defense, particularly on the integration of systems and software engineering and the acquisition of complex defense systems. He was on the original author team of the CMMI and a core author of the Software Extension to the Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge PMI and IEEE Computer Society.

He is a Senior Member of the IEEE, a Golden Core Awardee of the IEEE Computer Society, and a Fellow of the Lean Systems Society.

He has authored / co authored several books:-

The Incremental Commitment Spiral Model: Principles and Practices for Successful Systems and Software,  by Barry Boehm, Jo Ann Lane, Supannika Koolmanojwong, and Richard Turner: Addison-Wesley, (2014).   
CMMI (Capability Maturity Model Integration) Distilled: A Practical Introduction to Integrated Process Improvement, by Dennis M. Ahern, Aaron Clouse, Richard Turner: Addison-Wesley, (Third Edition 2008). 
CMMI Survival Guide: Just enough process improvement, by Suzanne Garcia, Richard Turner: Addison-Wesley, (2007). 
Balancing Agility and Discipline: A Guide for the Perplexed by Barry Boehm, Richard Turner: Addison-Wesley, (Paperback - September 26, 2003)  
An interactive simulator for MATHILDA-RIKKE on multics: Concept, design and implementation by Richard Turner, Publisher: Computer Science Dept., University of Southwestern, Louisiana (1977)

Turner lives in the District of Columbia with his wife, Johanna - they have three grown children and two grandchildren.

Notes

References

External links
 http://www.sercuarc.org
 http://leansystemssociety.org

1954 births
Living people
Huntingdon College alumni
Software engineering researchers
Stevens Institute of Technology faculty
American male writers
H.320. H.320 or Narrow-band visual telephone systems and terminal equipment   is an umbrella Recommendation by the ITU-T for running multimedia (audio/video/data) over ISDN based networks. The main protocols in this suite are H.221, H.230, H.242, audio codecs such as G.711 (PCM) and G.728 (CELP), and discrete cosine transform (DCT) video codecs such as H.261 and H.263.

It is formally named as Narrow-band visual telephone systems and terminal equipment. It specifies technical requirements for narrow-band visual telephone systems and terminal equipment, typically for videoconferencing and videophone services. It describes a generic system configuration consisting of a number of elements which are specified by respective ITU-T Recommendations, definition of communication modes and terminal types, call control arrangements, terminal aspects and interworking requirements.

The service requirements for visual telephone services are presented in ITU-T Recs F.720 for videotelephony and F.702 for videoconference. Video and audio coding systems and other technical aspects common to audiovisual services are covered in other Recommendations in the H.200/F.700-series.

Narrow-band for this specification is defined as bit rates ranging from 64 kbit/s to 1920 kbit/s. This channel capacity may be provided as a single B/H0/H11/H12-channel or multiple B/H0-channels in ISDN.

Used video codecs: H.261, and optionally H.262, H.263, H.264 according to the video hierarchy specified in specification, and in ITU-T Recs H.241 and H.242. H.261 is mandatory in any enhanced H.320 system with video capability. Baseline H.263 capability shall be required in systems that use enhanced video modes.

Used audio codecs: G.711, and optionally G.722, G.728, G.723.1, G.729. (Example of usage: If a visual telephone interworks with a wideband speech terminal, G.722 audio may be used instead of G.711 audio.)

See also 

 H.323
 H.324
 H.331

References

External links 
 ITU-T website
 ITU-T H.320 : Narrow-band visual telephone systems and terminal equipment - technical specification

Integrated Services Digital Network
Videotelephony
ITU-T recommendations
ITU-T H Series Recommendations
WS-Policy. WS-Policy is a specification that allows web services to use XML to advertise their policies (on security, quality of service, etc.) and for web service consumers to specify their policy requirements.

WS-Policy is a W3C recommendation as of September 2007.

WS-Policy represents a set of specifications that describe the capabilities and constraints of the security (and other business) policies on intermediaries and end points (for example, required security tokens, supported encryption algorithms, and privacy rules) and how to associate policies with services and end points.

Policy Assertion
Assertions can either be requirements put upon a web service or an advertisement for the policies of a web service.

Operator tags
Two "operators" (XML tags) are used to make statements about policy combinations:
wsp:ExactlyOne - asserts that only one child node must be satisfied.
wsp:All - asserts that all child nodes must be satisfied.

Logically, an empty wsp:All tag makes no assertions.

Policy Intersection
If both provider and consumer specify a policy, an effective policy will be computed, which usually consists of the intersection of both policies. The new policy contains those assertions made by both sides which do not contradict each other. However, synonymous assertions are considered incompatible by a policy intersection. This can easily be explained by the fact that policy intersection is a syntactic approach, which does not incorporate the semantics of the assertions. Furthermore, it ignores the assertion parameters.

Opposed to what the name might suggest, a policy intersection is (although quite similar) not a set-intersection.

Associated specifications
WS-Policy - Attachment specifies how to add policies to WSDL and UDDI.
WS-SecurityPolicy specifies security policy assertions for WS-Security, WS-Trust and WS-SecureConversation.
WS-Policy4MASC specifies management policies for Web services and their compositions.

External links
The latest Web Services Policy - Framework recommendation at W3C
The latest Web Services Policy - Primer introduction at W3C
The Web Services Policy Working Group page at W3C
WS-Policy specification

Policy
XML-based standards
Policy
Missile Datcom. Missile DATCOM is a widely used semi-empirical datasheet component build-up method for the prediction of missile aerodynamic coefficients. It is an example of an engineering aeroprediction method which can be used to generate an aerodynamic database of the vehicle’s aerodynamic coefficients at various flight conditions. It has been in continual development for over twenty years, with the latest version released in December 2014.  It has traditionally been supplied free of charge by the United States Air Force to American defense contractors.  The code is considered restricted under International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) and should not be distributed outside the United States.

See also
Digital Datcom
Aeroprediction

References

Aerodynamics