omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Pak Beng district. Pak Beng is a district (muang) of Oudomxay province in northwestern Laos.

Pak Beng Dam
Seven kilometres upstream of Pak Beng is where the proposed Pak Beng Dam is to be sited. The 912 megawatt project is the northernmost of a proposed 11 dams on the lower Mekong River. Ninety percent of the electricity generated is to be sold to Thailand. The remaining 10 percent will go to the Lao state-owned utility company, Electricite du Laos.

References

Districts of Oudomxay province
Kaleum district. Kaleum is a district (muang) of Sekong province in southeastern Laos. In 2013, more than 100 families who inhabited the district were displaced by the construction of the Sekong 4 Dam.

Economy
In February 2021, the Lao government announced that two lignite-fired power plants will constructed in Sekong province, one of them in Kaleum District. Work is to begin in 2021 and be completed by 2025. The electricity generated will be sold to Cambodia for 7.2 US cents per kWh. The Kaleum plant will be built by Phonesack Group. It will have an installed capacity of 1,800 MW. The company will invest between US$3–4 billion, including the construction of transmission lines to export electricity to Cambodia. The government claims that coal reserves adjacent to the plant are sufficient to power it for the entire 25-year concession period.

Settlements
A Doi
A Kiom
A Kleum
A Ling
A Lim

References

Districts of Sekong province
Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. The Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM) Community is an international community of researchers, practitioners and policy makers involved in or concerned about the design, development, deployment, use and evaluation of information systems for crisis response and management. The ISCRAM Community has been co-founded by Bartel Van de Walle (Tilburg University, the Netherlands), Benny Carlé (SCK-CEN Nuclear Research Center, Belgium), and Murray Turoff (New Jersey Institute of Technology).

ISCRAM Conferences 
ISCRAM conferences have been held annually since 2004.  Since 2005, the conference has alternated between Europe and the United States / Canada.

At the conference, the Mike Meleshkin best PhD student paper is awarded to the best paper written and presented by a PhD student. Past awardees are Sebastian Henke (University of Münster, Germany), Jonas Landgren (Viktoria Institute, Sweden), Jiri Trnka (Linkoping University, Sweden), Manuel Llavador (Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain), Valentin Bertsch (Karlsruhe University, Germany), Thomas Foulquier (Université de Sherbrooke, Canada), and the PhD students in crisis informatics at the University of Colorado at Boulder (USA).

ISCRAM-CHINA and Summer School 
Since 2005, an annual conference is also held in China, at Harbin Engineering University, with Dr. Song Yan as conference chair. The 2008 meeting is held jointly with the GI4D meeting on August 4–6, 2008.

The Summer School for PhD students took place in the Netherlands at Tilburg University in June 2006 and 2007.

ISCRAM Journal
The International Journal of Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (IJISCRAM) is a journal which started in January 2009. Co-Editors-in-Chief are Murray Jennex (San Diego State University) and Bartel Van de Walle (Tilburg University, the Netherlands).

The mission of the International Journal of Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (IJISCRAM) is to provide an outlet for innovative research in the area of information systems for crisis response and management. Research is expected to be rigorous but can utilize any accepted methodology and may be qualitative or quantitative in nature. The journal will provide a comprehensive cross disciplinary forum for advancing the understanding of the organizational, technical, human, and cognitive issues associated with the use of information systems in responding and managing crises of all kinds. The goal of the journal is to publish high quality empirical and theoretical research covering all aspects of information systems for crisis response and management. Full-length research manuscripts, insightful research and practice notes, and case studies will be considered for publication.

Notes

References
 
 
 Peace IT! issue 2008/1, published by CMI Finland, had a report on ISCRAM2008

External links
 ISCRAM Community web site
 ISCRAM journal website
 ISCRAM overview slideshow

Information systems
Junkers CL.I. The Junkers CL.I was a ground-attack aircraft developed in Germany during World War I. Its construction was undertaken by Junkers under the designation J 8 as proof of Hugo Junkers' belief in the monoplane, after his firm had been required by the Idflieg to submit a biplane (the J 4) as its entry in a competition to select a ground-attack aircraft.

Design and development
The J 8 design took the J 7 fighter as its starting point, but had a longer fuselage to accommodate a tail gunner, and larger wings. The prototype flew in late 1917 and was followed over the next few months by three more development aircraft. The Idflieg was sufficiently impressed to want to order the type, but had misgivings about Junkers' ability to manufacture the aircraft in quantity and considered asking Linke-Hoffmann to produce the type under licence. Finally, however, Junkers was allowed to undertake the manufacture as part of a joint venture with Fokker, producing a slightly modified version of the J 8 design as the J 10. 

Like the other Junkers designs of the period, the aircraft featured a metal framework that was skinned with corrugated duralumin sheets. 47 examples were delivered before the Armistice, including three built as floatplanes under the designation CLS.I (factory designation J 11). After the war, one or two CL.Is were converted for commercial service by enclosing the rear cockpit under a canopy.

Operators

Luftstreitkrafte
Kaiserliche Marine

Latvian Air Force - Postwar.

Specifications (CL.I)

References

Notes

Bibliography

Further reading

 

1910s German attack aircraft
CL.I
Aircraft first flown in 1917
Nobleite. Nobleite is a rare borate mineral with the chemical formula  CaB6O9(OH)2·3H2O. It was discovered in 1961, in Death Valley, California, and is named for Levi F. Noble, a USGS geologist, in honor of his contributions to the geology of the Death Valley region.

Nobleite has also been identified at two localities in Chile and Argentina.

References

Webmineral
Mindata

Phylloborates
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 14
Thunderbolt-2000. The Thunderbolt-2000 (; RT/LT-2000) is a wheeled MLRS system produced by the National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology (NCSIST). It is in service with the Republic of China armed forces and was created with the intention of attacking enemy forces when disembarking from sea.

Overview
The prototype of the Thunderbolt-2000 weapon system was originally placed on the chassis of a M977 Heavy Expanded Mobility Tactical Truck. The production model utilises MAN HX81 8x8 wheeled trucks instead, with the first order batch including 57 launchers and 54 ammunition carriers/reloaders or local production of the same version. The LT-2000 was scheduled to enter service with all 3 main army groups in Taiwan from 2010, with each army group's artillery corps receiving 1 battalion of RT/LT-2000, featuring 3 companies/batteries with 6 RT/LT-2000 launchers each. The original CSIST LT-2000 prototype battery is in service with Kinmen Command, deployed there since mid-2000.

History
It had made its debut in 1997 when it appeared for the first time to the public during the Han Kuang Exercise. The platform is going to be MAN HX81 8x8 wheeled trucks, with 57 launchers and 54 ammo carriers/reloaders.

Munitions
 
The LT/RT-2000 uses three types of munitions: Mk15 (60 rounds, 3 pods of 20 round each, 15 km range), Mk30 (27 rounds, 3 pods of 9 rounds each, 30 km range) and Mk45 (12 rounds, 2 pods of 6 rounds each, 45 km range). While the Mk15 is the 117 mm rockets used by the Kung Feng VI that carries 6,400 6.4mm size steel balls, the Mk30 rocket is a bit larger than the Mk15 at 180mm caliber and can carry either 267 rounds of M77 Dual Purpose Improved Conventional Munitions (DPICM) bomblets or 18,300 8mm size steel balls with range of 30 km. And Mk45 larger than the Mk30 at 227mm caliber as it can carry either 518 rounds of M77 bomblets or 25,000 8mm steel balls with range of 45 km. Other types of munitions also being developed by CSIST/ROC (Taiwan) Army, including FAE bomblets.

Extended range munitions 
Due to increasing threats NCSIST has developed more advanced versions of the original family of rockets with increased ranges. As of 2019 NCSIST had tested improved rockets to 63nm and believed that even longer ranges were readily achievable. Testing of more advanced rockets began soon after. With a range of 200-300km the new munitions are able to reach China from Taiwan’s main island.

See also

References

Rocket artillery
Self-propelled artillery of the Republic of China
Modular rocket launchers
Multiple rocket launchers
Military vehicles introduced in the 1990s
National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology
Chemical Building, Fields Point Sewage Treatment Plant. The Chemical Building is a historic wastewater treatment building at Field's Point Wastewater Treatment Facility in Providence, Rhode Island.  Built in 1900–01, it is one of the two oldest buildings at Providence's main sewage treatment facility.  It is a 2-1/2 story brick structure measuring  by .  The long facades are divided into 9 bays, separated by brick piers.  When originally built, the structure had a concrete first floor, a wooden second floor, and a loft area accessed by catwalks, and was used to hold and deliver chemicals used to neutralize the wastewater arriving via the Ernest Street Sewage Pumping Station.  In the 1930s the plant was converted to use an active sludge process, and the interior of the building was altered to be a single large chamber.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Providence, Rhode Island

References

Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island
Infrastructure completed in 1900
Sewerage infrastructure on the National Register of Historic Places
Sewage treatment plants in the United States
Buildings and structures in Providence, Rhode Island
National Register of Historic Places in Providence, Rhode Island
1900 establishments in Rhode Island
New England Butt Company. The New England Butt Company is a historic factory building at 304 Pearl Street in Providence, Rhode Island.  It is a -story brick structure with a monitor roof, built in 1865 to designs by Spencer P. Read. The New England Butt Company originally manufactured cast iron butt hinges, but later changed to producing machinery for braiding and stranding wire. Many of the machines are still used today by wire companies throughout the world.

The New England Butt Company factory building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. The drawings for all of the stranding machinery were sold to Watson Machinery International in Paterson, New Jersey in the mid 1980s. The drawings for all of the braiding machines were sold to Wardwell Braiding Company in Central Falls, Rhode Island, at the same time.

Watson went out of business in 2001 and the drawings were purchased by Kinrei of America, LLC. Today, information about the older stranding machines is available through Kinrei of America, LLC, in Wayne, New Jersey.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Providence, Rhode Island

References

Industrial buildings completed in 1865
Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island
Buildings and structures in Providence, Rhode Island
National Register of Historic Places in Providence, Rhode Island
1865 establishments in Rhode Island
Nicholson File Company Mill Complex. The Nicholson File Company Mill Complex is a historic industrial manufacturing complex at 1-45 Acorn Street in Providence, Rhode Island.  It consists of 24 buildings occupying  of land, of which 20 are historically significant.  The oldest of the buildings were built in 1865 to designs by William Nicholson, and the complex was regularly expanded over the decades through the early 20th century.  The Nicholson File Company was a major producer of machine-made files, started by William Nicholson in 1859.  The company manufactured precision tools used in the manufacture of armaments during the American Civil War for the Union Army, and closed the plant in 1959.  It has been used by a variety of light industrial concerns since then.

The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Providence, Rhode Island

References

Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island
Industrial buildings completed in 1864
Buildings and structures in Providence, Rhode Island
National Register of Historic Places in Providence, Rhode Island
1864 establishments in Rhode Island
Shortite. Shortite is a sodium-calcium carbonate mineral, with the chemical formula Na2Ca2(CO3)3. It was discovered by J. J. Fahey in well cuttings from the Green River Formation, Sweetwater County, Wyoming, US, and was named to honor Maxwell N. Short (1889–1952), Professor of Mineralogy, University of Arizona.

Shortite is associated with commercial trona ores, and some care must be taken when beneficiating crude trona to avoid contamination with shortite.

See also 
 Aragonite
 Calcite
 Nahcolite
 Natron
 Sodium sesquicarbonate
 Thermonatrite
 Trona
 Vaterite

References

Mindata, with localities
Shortite data

Calcium minerals
Carbonate minerals
Sodium minerals
Orthorhombic minerals
Minerals in space group 38
South Marsh Mill, Arundel. South Marsh Mill is a grade II listed tower mill at Arundel, Sussex, England which has been converted to residential use.

History

South Marsh Mill was built in 1830. It was working by wind until 1915, when the windshaft snapped, but was worked by engine until 1922. The machinery was removed c.1941.

Description

South Marsh Mill is a five-storey tower mill. She had four Patent sails carried on a cast iron windshaft. The cap was a beehive shape, winded by a fantail. The mill drove three pairs of millstones. The cap now carried is a hexagonal shape. The fantail is missing. Various extensions have been made to the tower.

Millers

Messrs Dendy & Pellet 1830 - 1840
Henry Bartlett 1840 -
William Watkins 1840 -

References for above:-

References

External links
Windmill World Page on South Marsh  windmill.

Further reading
 Online version

Tower mills in the United Kingdom
Grinding mills in the United Kingdom
Windmills completed in 1830
Towers completed in 1830
Grade II listed buildings in West Sussex
Windmills in West Sussex
Arundel
1830 establishments in England
United States Rubber Company Mill Complex. The United States Rubber Company Mill Complex is a historic industrial facility in Providence, Rhode Island.  It is a large complex of factory buildings covering about  on the north bank of the Woonasquatucket River.  It is bounded on the west by Ericson Place, the north by Valley Street, and the east by Hemlock Street.  The property includes 29 historic buildings, built between c. 1885 and c. 1960, as well as three bridges.  The buildings are predominantly brick structures, ranging in height from one to five stories, and were built either by the Joseph Banigan Rubber Company, its successor the United States Rubber Company, or the American Locomotive Company, whose property east of the rubber works was acquired by the US Rubber Company in 1918.  Only four buildings built by these companies are known to have been demolished before 1960.  The plant closed in 1975, and has since been adapted to a variety of other uses.

The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Providence, Rhode Island

References

Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island
Buildings and structures in Providence, Rhode Island
National Register of Historic Places in Providence, Rhode Island
Junkers D.I. The Junkers D.I (factory designation J 9) was a monoplane fighter aircraft produced in Germany late in World War I, significant for becoming the first all-metal fighter to enter service. The prototype, a private venture by Junkers named the J 7, first flew on 17 September 1917, going through nearly a half-dozen detail changes in its design during its tests. When it was demonstrated to the Idflieg early the following year it proved impressive enough to result in an order for three additional aircraft for trials. The changes made by Junkers were significant enough for the firm to rename the next example the J 9, which was supplied to the Idflieg instead of the three J 7s ordered.

During tests, the J 9 lacked the manoeuvrability necessary for a front-line fighter but was judged fit for a naval fighter and a batch of 12 was ordered. These were supplied to a naval unit by September 1918, which then moved to the Eastern Front after the Armistice.

Variants
J 7 company designation for early prototype variants, one built (three completed as J 9s).
J 9  company designation for late prototypes and production models
J 9/II  company designation for lengthened fuselage version
D.I  Idflieg designation

Surviving aircraft
One example survives and is on display in the Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace, at the Paris–Le Bourget Airport, 11km north of Paris, France. Several copies have been built, including one on display at the Militärhistorisches Museum Flugplatz Berlin-Gatow.

Specifications

See also

References

Citations

Bibliography

Further reading

External links

 Fokker D.VII, Halberstadt CL.IV and Junkers D.I 
 Junkers D.I at Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace, Le Bourget

1910s German fighter aircraft
D.I
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1917
Supercritical angle fluorescence microscopy. Supercritical angle fluorescence microscopy (SAF) is a technique to detect and characterize fluorescent species (proteins, biomolecules, pharmaceuticals, etc.) and their behaviour close or even adsorbed or linked at surfaces. The method is able to observe molecules in a distance of less than 100 to 0 nanometer from the surface even in presence of high concentrations of fluorescent species around. Using an aspheric lens for excitation of a sample with laser light, fluorescence emitted by the specimen is collected above the critical angle of total internal reflection selectively and directed by a parabolic optics onto a detector. The method was invented in 1998 in the laboratories of Stefan Seeger at University of Regensburg/Germany and later at University of Zurich/Switzerland.

SAF microscopy principle 
The principle how SAF Microscopy works is as follows: A fluorescent specimen does not emit fluorescence isotropically when it comes close to a surface, but approximately 70% of the fluorescence emitted is directed into the solid phase. Here, the main part enters the solid body above the critical angle. When the emitter is located just 200 nm above the surface, fluorescent light entering the solid body above the critical angle is decreased dramatically. Hence, SAF Microscopy is ideally suited to discriminate between molecules and particles at or close to surfaces and all other specimen present in the bulk.

Typical SAF-setup 
The typical SAF setup consists of a laser line (typically 450-633 nm), which is reflected into the aspheric lens by a dichroic mirror. The lens focuses the laser beam in the sample, causing the particles to fluoresce. The fluorescent light then passes through a parabolic lens before reaching a detector, typically a photomultiplier tube or avalanche photodiode detector. It is also possible to arrange SAF elements as arrays, and image the output onto a CCD, allowing the detection of multiple analytes.

Selected publications 

Fluorescence techniques
Microscopy
Laser applications
PZL M-2. PZL M-2 was a Polish trainer aircraft prototype of 1958, a low-wing monoplane with fixed gear. Designed at WSK-Mielec, it did not enter production.

Design and development 
The M-2 was designed as a trainer aircraft for the Polish Aero Club by the newly created construction bureau of the WSK Mielec factory. The aircraft's main designer was Stanisław Jachyra. The first prototype was flown on 26 June 1958 (registration SP-PAC) with the second prototype flying on 13 September that year (registration SP-PBA).

The aircraft was of relatively modern, all-metal construction. Its major drawback was its engine, an imported Praga Doris flat-six piston engine, which caused vibration and was not suitable for aerobatics. This limited the potential use of the aircraft. It was proposed to replace the engine with the Polish designed and built Narkiewicz WN-6 flat-six engine, but this was still under development and was never perfected. Due to the problems with the powerplant, the development of the aircraft was delayed, and in the meantime, the Polish Aero Club changed its preferences to aircraft with a tricycle landing gear and withdrew its interest in the M-2. As a result, the M-2 did not enter production and further work was abandoned. A development of the M-2 was the PZL M-4 Tarpan, with a retractable tricycle landing gear.

Description 
Metal construction low-wing monoplane, conventional in layout, metal covered. Semi-monocoque fuselage. Trapezoid  wings, two-spar, fitted with flaps. Crew of two, sitting in tandem, under a common canopy, with double controls (student in front, instructor in the rear). Fixed conventional landing gear. Flat engine in front, two-blade tractor propeller, 2.3 m diameter. Fuel tanks in wings - 120 L.

Survivors 
The first prototype (SP-PAC) is stored in the Polish Aviation Museum in Kraków (disassembled), the second prototype (SP-PBA) is preserved as a monument in Radomyśl Wielki near Mielec.

Specifications

See also

References

 Janusz Babiejczuk, Jerzy Grzegorzewski: Polski przemysł lotniczy 1945-1973, Warsaw 1973 
 Taylor, John W. R. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1961–62. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, 1961.
 Jakub Marszałkiewicz - Samolot szkolno-treningowy PZL-M2
 PZL M-2 at Ugolok Neba

External links

 Photos and drawings

1950s Polish civil trainer aircraft
M02
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1958
Jiangsu Expressway Company. Jiangsu Expressway Company Limited (,) is a road constructions and operations enterprise incorporated in the People's Republic of China. It is engaged in the investment, construction, operation and management of toll expressways in Jiangsu Province, China. The expressways include Shanghai-Nanjing Expressway, Shanghai-Nanjing section of China National Highway 312, Xicheng Expressway, Guangjing Expressway, Nanjing section of Nanjing-Lianyungang Expressway, Jiangsu section of the Sujiahang Expressway and Jiangyin Yangtze River Bridge.

References

External links
Jiangsu Expressway Company Limited

Companies listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange
Companies listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange
Chinese companies established in 1992
Government-owned companies of China
Construction and civil engineering companies of China
Companies based in Nanjing
H shares
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1992
1992 in Nanjing