omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
North Ings Farm Museum. The North Ings Farm Museum is a working farm museum containing a  narrow gauge railway, running on a circuit of . It is located at Dorrington, between Lincoln and Sleaford, in Lincolnshire. The museum includes agricultural machinery and tractors, commercial vehicles, portable steam pumps and a fairground organ. The collection was opened to the public in 1990.

Locomotive Fleet

Steam Locomotives
1859401 Swift

Internal Combustion Locomotives
Clay Cross Lister Built from Lister spare parts by Clay Cross Co Ltd
Hunslet 6013
Hunslet 7120 Bullfinch
LOD / 758022 Motor Rail 8826 Penelope
Motor Rail 7493
R&H 183773
R&H 200744 Indian Runner
R&H 371937
R&H 375701
R&H 421433
O&K Works number not known

Gallery

References

External links 
 The Museum website
 
 T.W.F. Hall: The North Ings Farm Railway. Pages 15–19.

Farm museums in England
Heritage railways in Lincolnshire
Railway museums in England
2 ft gauge railways in England
Museums in Lincolnshire
Technology museums in the United Kingdom
Boracite. Boracite is a magnesium borate mineral with formula: Mg3B7O13Cl. It occurs as blue green, colorless, gray, yellow to white crystals in the orthorhombic - pyramidal crystal system. Boracite also shows pseudo-isometric cubical and octahedral forms. These are thought to be the result of transition from an unstable high temperature isometric form on cooling. Penetration twins are not unusual. It occurs as well formed crystals and dispersed grains often embedded within gypsum and anhydrite crystals. It has a Mohs hardness of 7 to 7.5 and a specific gravity of 2.9. Refractive index values are nα = 1.658 - 1.662, nβ = 1.662 - 1.667 and nγ = 1.668 - 1.673. It has a conchoidal fracture and does not show cleavage. It is insoluble in water (not to be confused with borax, which is soluble in water).

Boracite is typically found in evaporite sequences associated with gypsum, anhydrite, halite, sylvite, carnallite, kainite and hilgardite. It was first described in 1789 for specimens from its type locality of Kalkberg hill, Lüneburg, Lower Saxony, Germany. It is also found near Sussex, New Brunswick.

The name is derived from its boron content (19 to 20% boron by mass).

See also

 Classification of minerals
 List of minerals

References

Palache, C., H. Berman, and C. Frondel (1951) Dana’s system of mineralogy, 7th edition, v. II, pp.378–381.

External links
 

Tektoborates
Magnesium minerals
Orthorhombic minerals
Minerals in space group 29
Borate chlorides
ESN. ESN may refer to:

 Eastern Security Network, the armed wing of the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB)
 Easton Airport (Maryland), United States
 Echo state network in computer science
 Edmonton Street News, a Canadian newspaper
 Educationally subnormal, term for special-needs students 
 Einstein summation notation, used in mathematical physics
 Electronic serial number for mobile devices
 Emergency Services Network, in the UK
 Enterprise Social Network
 Entertainment Studios Networks, an American cable network
 Erasmus Student Network, a European student organization
 Europe of Sovereign Nations, a far-right political group in the European Parliament
 European Sensory Network, studies the five senses
 European Society for Neurochemistry
 Salvadoran Sign Language
Bronzite. Bronzite is a member of the pyroxene group of minerals, belonging with enstatite and hypersthene to the orthorhombic series of the group. Rather than a distinct species, it is really a ferriferous variety of enstatite, which owing to partial alteration has acquired a bronze-like sub-metallic luster on the cleavage surfaces.

Enstatite is magnesium silicate, , with the magnesium partly replaced by small amounts (up to about 12%) of Fe+2. In the bronzite variety, , the iron(II) oxide ranges from about 12 to 30%, and with still more iron there is a passage to hypersthene. The ferriferous varieties are liable to a particular kind of alteration, known as schillerization, which results in the separation of the iron as very fine films of oxide and hydroxides along the cleavage cracks of the mineral. The cleavage surfaces therefore exhibit a metallic sheen or schiller, which is even more pronounced in hypersthene than in bronzite. The color of bronzite is green or brown; its specific gravity is about 3.3–3.4, varying with the amount of iron present. The refractive indices and optic angle increase with iron content. The enstatite endmember has a positive optic sign, whereas bronzite and hypersthene both show a negative optic sign.

Like enstatite, bronzite is a constituent of many mafic to ultramafic igneous rocks, such as, norite, gabbro, and especially peridotite, and of the serpentinites which have been derived from them. It also occurs in some crystalline schist. Bronzitite, a pyroxenite of bronzite composition, is noted in the cumulate rocks of the Stillwater igneous complex of Montana.

Ornamental usage
Bronzite is sometimes cut and polished, usually in convex forms, for small ornamental objects, but its use for this purpose is less extensive than that of hypersthene. It often has a more-or-less distinct fibrous structure, and when this is pronounced the sheen has a certain resemblance to that of cats-eye. Masses sufficiently large for cutting are found in the norite of the Kupferberg in the Fichtel Mountains, and in the serpentine of Kraubat near Leoben in Styria. In this connection mention may be made of an altered form of enstatite or bronzite known as bastite or schiller spar. Here, in addition to schillerization, the original enstatite has been altered by hydration and the product has the approximate composition of serpentine. In color bastite is brown or green with the same metallic sheen as bronzite. The typical locality is Baste in the Radauthal, Harz, where patches of pale greyish-green bastite are embedded in a darker-colored serpentine. This rock when cut and polished makes an effective decorative stone, although little used for that purpose.

References

Iron(II) minerals
Pyroxene group
Orthorhombic minerals
Hypersthene. Hypersthene is a common rock-forming inosilicate mineral belonging to the group of orthorhombic pyroxenes. Its chemical formula is . It is found in igneous and some metamorphic rocks as well as in stony and iron meteorites. Many references have formally abandoned this term, preferring to categorise this mineral as enstatite or ferrosilite. It forms a solid solution series with the minerals enstatite and ferrosilite, being a mid-way member between the two. Pure enstatite contains no iron, while pure ferrosilite contains no magnesium; hypersthene is the name given to the mineral when a significant amount of both elements are present. Enstatite is stable at atmospheric pressure, but ferrosilite is stable only at elevated pressure, decomposing into quartz and fayalite at atmospheric pressure unless stabilized by magnesium or other impurities.

Distinctly developed crystals are rare, the mineral being usually found as foliated masses embedded in the igneous rocks norite and hypersthene-andesite, of which it forms an essential constituent. The coarse-grained labradorite-hypersthene-rock (norite) of Paul's Island off the coast of Labrador has furnished the most typical material; for this reason, the mineral has been known as Labrador hornblende or paulite.

Color is often gray, brown, or green, and the luster is usually vitreous to pearly. The pleochroism is strong, the hardness is 5–6, and the specific gravity is 3.4–3.9. On certain surfaces it displays a brilliant copper-red metallic sheen, or schiller, which has the same origin as the bronzy sheen of bronzite, but is even more pronounced. Like bronzite, it is sometimes cut and polished as a gemstone.

The name "hypersthene" comes from the Greek and means "over strength", and is an allusion to its being harder than the amphibole mineral hornblende (a mineral with which it is often confused.

Hypersthene has been discredited by the International Mineralogical Association.

References

Mineral galleries
Webmineral
Mindat locations
Enstatite-Hypersthene-Ferrosillite series

Magnesium minerals
Iron(II) minerals
Inosilicates
Orthorhombic minerals
Palm Beach Railway and Power Company. The Palm Beach Railway and Power Company was a Florida railroad. It was incorporated under Florida state law chapter 4265, approved May 25, 1893, under the ownership of Edward Manrara, Candide A. M. Ybor and Emilio Pons, "to build, construct, purchase, own, maintain and operate a line or lines of street railway in the city of Tampa, on any street not already occupied by any other competing line of street railway; and may extend said railroad from said city of Tampa to any point on Hillsborough Bay, east of the Hillsborough River. And further, shall have the right and power to erect, construct, purchase, own and operate an electric light plant, in or out of said city of Tampa, for the purpose of furnishing said city and vicinity and the inhabitants thereof with electric lights."

The company was dissolved in 1992.

See also
 List of Florida street railroads

References 

Defunct Florida railroads
Florida street railroads
Defunct public transport operators in the United States
1893 establishments in Florida
History of Tampa, Florida
Transportation in Tampa, Florida
Converter. Converter may refer to:

Electromagnetics
Frequency converter
Voltage converter, another name for
Electromagnetic transformer
Switched-mode power supply
DC-to-DC converter
Power inverter (DC to AC)
Solar inverter

Electronics
Digital-to-analog converter
Analog-to-digital converter
 "Frequency-to-Voltage converter" (F-V converter), a frequency detector for voltage-controlled guitar synthesizer
 A combination local oscillator and mixer stage in a superheterodyne receiver
"Converter", an alternate name for a remote control

In television
Cable converter box, an electronic device use in cable television systems
Digital television adapter, sometimes known as a "converter box"

Information technology
Low-noise converter, in communications
Scan conversion between video formats
File format converter, for converting between various file formats
Currency converter, a piece of software for converting one currency into another

Metallurgy
Converter (metallurgy), a device for metallurgical smelting
Bessemer converter
Manhès-David converter
see also basic oxygen steelmaking

Vehicles, automobiles
Catalytic converter, in automobiles
Autogas converter, part of an automotive LPG system, also known as a vaporiser or pressure reducer

Other uses
Torque converter, a fluid coupling to transfer torque
Fountain pen converter, a removable filling mechanism for fountain pens
Unit converter, for converting between different units of measurement
Converters (industry), companies that create end products from rolls of raw material

See also
Convertors, a brand of toy robots designed for changing into other shapes such as vehicles or animals
Conversion (disambiguation)
Adapter (disambiguation)
Expensive Typewriter. Expensive Typewriter was a pioneering text editor program that ran on the DEC PDP-1 computer, which had been delivered to MIT in the early 1960s.

Description
Since the program could drive an IBM Selectric typewriter (a letter-quality printer), it may be considered the first word processing software.  It was written and improved between 1961 and 1962 by Steve Piner and L. Peter Deutsch. In the spirit of an earlier editor program, named "Colossal Typewriter", it was called "Expensive Typewriter" because at that time the PDP-1 cost a lot of money (approximately ) as compared to a conventional manual typewriter.

References

See also 
 PDP-1
 Expensive Desk Calculator
 Expensive Planetarium
 Expensive Tape Recorder
 Text Editor and Corrector
 RUNOFF
 TJ-2

Word processors
History of software
Heinrich Lübbe. Heinrich Lübbe (; 12 January 1884 in Nienburg, Province of Hanover – 14 March 1940 in Berlin) was a German engineer working for Dutch aircraft designer Anthony Fokker during the First World War. He devised the pioneering Stangensteuerung gun synchronizer which enabled a machine gun to fire through the arc of a fighter aircraft's propeller without the bullets striking the propeller's blades. It was first fitted to Leutnant Otto Parschau's Fokker A.III bearing IdFlieg military serial number A.16/15 in the late spring of 1915, to create the prototype of the entire line of Fokker Eindecker single-seat fighters to come.

In late 1925 Lübbe invested 135,000 Reichmarks in the Rostok branch of the wartime  company which had been renamed  earlier that year. Historian Volker Koos believes that Lübbe or some of the other investors probably served as straw men for the Reich Ministry of Transport which kept the company alive with small orders until 1933. His refusal to join the Nazi Party in 1936 led to his removal when Arado was nationalized.

Citations

Bibliography

1884 births
1940 deaths
People from Nienburg, Lower Saxony
People from the Province of Hanover
Engineers from Lower Saxony
20th-century German inventors
Class 2. Class 2 may refer to:

 BR Standard Class 2 2-6-0, British steam locomotive
 BR Standard Class 2 2-6-2T, British steam locomotive
 Class 2 Touring Cars, FIA classification for cars in auto racing
 Classes of United States senators
 L&YR Class 2, British 4-4-0 steam locomotive designed by William Barton Wright
 L&YR Class 2 (Aspinall), British 4-4-0 steam locomotive designed by John Aspinall
 NSB El 2, Norwegian electric locomotive
 NSB Di 2, Norwegian diesel locomotive
 SCORE Class 2, off-road racing vehicles
 A contribution class in the National Insurance system in the UK
 The second class in terms of hiking difficulty in the Yosemite Decimal System
 A speed class rating for Secure Digital cards
 A class in the electrical Appliance classes

See also
 Class II (disambiguation)
 Class 02 (disambiguation)
 Type 2 (disambiguation)

de:Klasse 2
Floating Power. Floating Power was a technology developed in the 1920s by the United States automobile firm Chrysler. It is credited mostly to the engineering of Owen Ray Skelton. It was a new means of attaching an engine to its chassis, with the intention of reducing vibration. Four-cylinder engines of the day transmitted torque to the entire chassis, producing considerable vibration. Attaching the engine at only two points ("fore-and-aft"), defining an axis that passes through the engine's center of mass, allowed the engine to rotate slightly about this axis and reduce the transmission of torsional vibration to the chassis. One mounting attachment was at the upper front of the engine, directly below the water pump. The rear mount was under the transmission case. A transverse spring went from the bottom of the engine to a snubber bracket on the frame rail to limit the engine's rotational travel. The bracket was lined with rubber.

Advertisers gave this concept a meaningful name. It was used on the Plymouth and other Chrysler Corporation cars starting in the 1930s. The French firm Citroën leased the technology for its front-wheel drive car of the 1930s.

References

Sources 
 
 

Automotive technologies
Terak 8510/a. The Terak 8510/a was a graphical desktop workstation developed by the Terak Corporation in 1977. It was among the first desktop personal computers with a bitmap graphics display.  It was a desktop workstation with an LSI-11 compatible processor, a graphical framebuffer, and a text mode with downloadable fonts.  The combined weight of processor, display, and keyboard was approximately 50lb. Despite the lack of an MMU, it was capable of running a stripped version of UNIX version 6. It was the first personal machine on which the UCSD p-System was widely used. Various universities in the USA used it in the late 1970s through mid-1980s to teach Pascal programming. It provided immediate graphic feedback from simple programs encouraging students to learn.  

Three entrepreneurs started the Terak Corporation in 1975: Brian Benzar, William Mayberry and Dennis Kodimer.  Terak products were manufactured in Scottsdale, Arizona from 1976 thru 1984. Sales reached $10M and Terak was publicly traded in 1983-84.  Besides the original frame-buffer-centric 8510/a, other products were developed: color graphics and a Unix workstation. A Terak computer was on display at the Boston Museum of Science and also the Jefferson Computer Museum.

References

External links
Terak information by Mark Riordan (mirror)
Terak information at 
Terak information at 

Computer workstations
PDP-11
Computer-related introductions in 1977
Hank Magnuski. Henry "Hank" Stanley Magnuski is an American engineer and was the co-founder and CEO of GammaLink, an early pioneer in PC-to-fax technology. He also founded Internet Video Services, a video service provider; MediaMart, an electronic commerce site; and NCast, a presentation technology company.

Magnuski graduated from University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign with a BSEE in Electrical Engineering in 1965, and an MSEE from MIT in 1966. He holds a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from MIT and conducted postdoctoral work at Stanford University.

In 1995, Magnuski received the Fax Industry Award from BIS, now Giga Information Group, Inc. 

The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering of the University of Illinois, in 1998, recognized Magnuski as a Distinguished Alumni "In recognition of outstanding contributions to the telecommunications industry, including pioneering work in the area of PC-fax Technology."

In 1980 Magnuski established the first packet repeater for amateur radio in the US. This repeater, KA6M/R, located in the San Francisco Bay area, created interest in packet radio technology and led to the establishment of the Pacific Packet Radio Society.

Magnuski and his wife, Cynthia Jose, established the Henry Magnuski Endowed Professorship at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Illinois in honor of his father, Henryk Magnuski.

A patent in multicast videoconferencing was granted to Magnuski in 2007.

References

External links
 Pacific Packet Radio Society

Living people
American electronics engineers
American people of Polish descent
1944 births
Mitchell U-2 Superwing. The Mitchell U-2 Superwing is an American tailless ultralight aircraft that was designed by Don Mitchell for amateur construction.

Design and development
Although the aircraft was designed before the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules came into force, the U-2 Superwing complies with them anyway (including the category's maximum empty weight of ). The aircraft has a standard empty weight of . It features a cantilever mid-wing, a single-seat enclosed cockpit, tricycle landing gear and a single engine in pusher configuration. The U-2 is a development of the high-wing B-10.

The aircraft fuselage is made from welded steel tube, while the wing is of wood and foam, with doped aircraft fabric covering. Its  span wing employs a modified Wortmann FX05-191 airfoil. The flight controls are unconventional; pitch and roll are controlled by elevons and yaw is controlled by the wing tip rudders. The main landing gear has suspension and the nose wheel is steerable and equipped with a brake.

The U-2 can accept a variety of engines ranging from  mounted in pusher configuration.

Specifications (U-2)

See also

References

External links 

 US Pacific; Current supplier of Mitchell Wing plans
 AmeriPlanes former manufacturer of Mitchell Wing kits - website archives on Archive.org

1970s United States ultralight aircraft
Don Mitchell aircraft
Tailless aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1980
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Furnace anneal. Furnace annealing is a process used in semiconductor device fabrication which consist of heating multiple semiconductor wafers in order to affect their electrical properties. Heat treatments are designed for different effects. Wafers can be heated in order to activate dopants, change film to film or film to wafer substrate interfaces, densify deposited films, alter states of grown films, repair damage from implants, move dopants or drive dopants from one film into another or from a film into the wafer substrate. During ion implantation process, the crystal substrate is damaged due to bombardment with high energy ions. The damage caused can be repaired by subjecting the crystal to high temperature. This process is called annealing. Furnace anneals may be integrated into other furnace processing steps, such as oxidations, or may be processed on their own.

Furnace anneals are performed by equipment especially built to heat semiconductor wafers. Furnaces are capable of processing many wafers at a time, but each process can last between several hours and a day. Increasingly, furnace anneals are being supplanted by Rapid Thermal Anneal (RTA) or Rapid Thermal Processing (RTP). This is due to the relatively long thermal cycles of furnaces that causes the dopants which are being activated, especially boron, to diffuse further than is intended. RTP or RTA fixes this by having thermal cycles for each wafer that is of the order of minutes rather than hours for furnace anneals.

External links
Equipment
 Consolidated Engineering Company  Annealing furnaces cover a broad range of Steel and Aluminum applications including tempering, normalizing, and aging, and similar automated loading, unloading and natural or forced cooling is possible with roller hearth, tip-up or batch arrangements.
 Koyo Thermo Systems annealing furnaces for semiconductor, solar, display and electronic applications
 Tokyo Electron Limited TELFORMULA and TELINDY PLUS

Semiconductor device fabrication