omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
LEMON (C++ library). LEMON is an open source graph library written in the C++ language providing implementations of common data structures and algorithms with focus on combinatorial optimization tasks connected mainly with graphs and networks. The library is part of the COIN-OR project.

LEMON is an abbreviation of Library for Efficient Modeling and Optimization in Networks.

Design 
LEMON employs genericity in C++ by using templates. The tools of the library are designed to be versatile, convenient and highly efficient. They can be combined easily to solve complex real-life optimization problems. For example, LEMON’s graphs can differ in many ways (depending on the representation and other specialities), but all have to satisfy one or more graph concepts, which are standardized interfaces to work with the rest of the library.

Features 
LEMON provides
 Graph structures and related tools
 Graph search algorithms
 Shortest path algorithms
 Maximum flow algorithms
 Minimum cost flow algorithms
 Minimum cut algorithms
 Connectivity and other graph properties
 Maximum cardinality and minimum cost perfect matching algorithms
 Minimum cost spanning tree algorithms
 Approximation algorithms
 Auxiliary algorithms

LEMON also contains some metaheuristic optimization tools and provides a general high-level interface for several LP and MIP solvers, such as GLPK, ILOG CPLEX, CLP, CBC, SoPlex.

LEMON has its own graph storing format, the so called Lemon Graph Format and includes general EPS drawing methods and special graph exporting tools.

LEMON also includes several miscellaneous tools. For example, it provides simple tools for measuring the performance of algorithms, which can be used to compare different implementations of the same problem.

External links 
 

C++ libraries
Numerical software
Software_using_the_Boost_license
Ibid (disambiguation). Ibid or Ibid. is a Latin abbreviation used in scholarly writing, meaning "the same place". It can also refer to:

 "Ibid" (short story), a 1927/28 short story by H. P. Lovecraft
 Ibid: A Life, a 2004 novel by Mark Dunn
 Ion beam-induced deposition, a process of decomposing gaseous molecules by focused ion beam
Nixon, New Jersey. Nixon is an unincorporated community located within Edison Township in Middlesex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. It was named after Lewis Nixon, a manufacturer and community leader. Soon after the outbreak of World War I, Nixon established a massive volatile chemicals processing facility there, known as the Nixon Nitration Works. It was the site of the 1924 Nixon Nitration Works disaster, a massive explosion and resulting fire that killed 20 persons and destroyed several square miles around the plant.

See also
List of neighborhoods in Edison, New Jersey

References

Neighborhoods in Edison, New Jersey
Unincorporated communities in Middlesex County, New Jersey
Unincorporated communities in New Jersey
Krishan Sabnani. Krishan Sabnani (born 1954 in New Delhi) is an Indian-American networking researcher. He has made many seminal contributions to the Internet infrastructure design, protocol design, and wireless networks. Krishan (with T. V. Lakshman and T. Woo) made a breakthrough in Internet re-design. The main idea behind this work was to separate control functions and complex software from the forwarding portions on Internet routers. This work made it possible for forwarding technologies (e.g., different link layer and switching protocols) to evolve and be deployed independently from control protocols (e.g., routing, security). This contribution is a precursor to the current Software Defined Networking (SDN) revolution. A patent based on this work won the 2010 Edison Patent Award.

Krishan received his undergraduate degree in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Delhi. He completed his PhD in reliable multicasting at Columbia University. Upon his graduation from Columbia University in 1981, Krishan joined Bell Labs, Murray Hill, New Jersey, as a member of technical staff and was promoted to department head in 1993. He was named VP of networking research in 2000.

Krishan was vice president of networking research at Bell Labs from Jan. 2000 to Sept. 2013. In that role, he managed all networking research in Bell Labs, comprising nine departments in seven countries: USA, France, Germany, Ireland, India, Belgium, and South Korea.  Krishan retired from Bell Labs in Jan 2017. He received an award upon his retirement - appointment as Ambassador-at-large for Bell Labs. Krishan is the first person to receive this award.

Krishan is currently a Homewood Professor of Computer Science at Johns Hopkins University. He is also a part-time chief technologist at CACI. He is also an adjunct professor at Columbia University.

Honors and awards
 Member, National Academy of Engineering 
 Fellow, National Academy of Inventors 
 Ambassador-at-large for Bell Labs
 2005 IEEE Eric E. Sumner Award
 2005 IEEE W. Wallace McDowell Award.
 The 2005, 2009 and 2010 Thomas Alva Edison Patent Awards from the R&D Council of New Jersey.
 Inducted into the NJ Inventors of Fame in 2014
 Bell Labs Fellow, Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM).
 2005 Distinguished Alumni Award from Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India.
 1991 Leonard G. Abraham Prize Paper Award from the IEEE Communications Society for "Design and Implementation of a High-Speed Transport Protocol," published in IEEE Trans. on Communications, Nov. 1990.
 President of India's Gold Medal, 1975 . Institution of Engineers (India) Gold Medal, 1975.

References

Living people
Indian emigrants to the United States
21st-century Indian people
Indian computer scientists
1954 births
Scientists at Bell Labs
Fellows of the IEEE
2001 fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
IIT Delhi alumni
Columbia University faculty
American people of Sindhi descent
M. Robert Aaron. M. Robert Aaron (August 21, 1922 – June 16, 2007) was an American electrical engineer specializing in telecommunications.

Aaron was born in Philadelphia, served in the United States Coast Guard during World War II, received his bachelor's (1949) and master's degree (1951) in Electrical Engineering from the University of Pennsylvania, and in 1951 joined Bell Laboratories in Murray Hill, New Jersey. There he helped design networks for various transmission systems, including TAT-1, the first repeatered transatlantic telephone cable system. He was also a key contributor to design of T1, the initial T-carrier system.

Aaron was a member of the National Academy of Engineering (1979), Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and American Association for the Advancement of Science, and co-recipient of the IEEE Alexander Graham Bell Medal (1978).

He died in West Palm Beach, Florida in 2007.

References

External links 
 IEEE biography
 IEEE obituary
 National Academy of Engineering

Scientists at Bell Labs
1922 births
2007 deaths
University of Pennsylvania School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
People from West Palm Beach, Florida
Scientists from Philadelphia
Fellows of the IEEE
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
American electrical engineers
Engineers from Pennsylvania
20th-century American engineers
United States Coast Guard personnel of World War II
Zhang Zhongjun. Zhang Zhongjun (; 1913–1995), also known as Tsun-Tsing Chang or T.T. Chang, was a Chinese electrical engineer and a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Biography
Zhang was born in Jiashan, Zhejiang Province in 1913. He attended Shanghai Jiao Tong University and was awarded a BSE (electrical engineering) in 1934. Upon graduation he set out to the United States to continue his studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and was awarded a S.M. (Science Master) within 9 months, and SC.D.(Doctor of Science) in Electrical Engineering and minor in mathematics in 1938. He was a Rockefeller Scholar and stayed on as a postdoctoral researcher at MIT, after completing his studies.

As World War II broke out he followed the Nationalist Government to Wuhan and Chongqing. He taught graduate classes at the National Central University until the end of war.

Zhang returned to and worked in the Department of Electrical Engineering at Shanghai Jiao Tong University from 1945. He was head of Electrical Engineering department and director of Electrical Research Institute. Jiang Zemin, later General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (paramount leader of China), was one of his students.

He was advising the Shanghai Power Company and worked on the restoration of power shortage from National Chinese air raid and Naval blockade. In the 1950s, he designed and established the electric power simulation system of Shanghai. In the mid-1950s he was a delegate of China to Soviet Union on electrical power research. After the 1960s his interest turned to the field of control engineering and founded Department of  Automation at Shanghai Jiao Tong University. He was elected a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1980.

1913 births
1995 deaths
Chinese electrical engineers
Educators from Jiaxing
Engineers from Zhejiang
MIT School of Engineering alumni
Members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
National Chiao Tung University (Shanghai) alumni
Academic staff of Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Robomagellan. SRS RoboMagellan or Robomagellan was created by the Seattle Robotics Society and is a small scale autonomous vehicle race in which robots navigate between predefined start and finish points. The start and finish points are usually represented as GPS coordinates and marked by orange traffic cones. In most versions of the competition there are also optional waypoints that the robot can navigate to in order to earn bonus points. The race is usually conducted on mixed pedestrian terrain which can include obstacles such as park benches, curbs, trees, bushes, hills, people, etc..

External links
 http://www.robothon.org/robothon/robo-magellan.php
 Intrepid at RoboGames 2008
Everobotics Robomagellan
Robotics competitions
Recurring events established in 2007
Willibald Peter Prasthofer. Willibald Peter Prasthofer (17 May 1917 – 30 July 1993) was an Austrian rocket scientist and educator.

With the anschluss of Austria with Germany prior to the second world war, he was conscripted to Peenemünde to work on the fledgeling rocket program headed by Wernher von Braun.

After the war, he worked for the French government missile program in Vernon, Eure (1947-1955), as well as participating in missile testing in Saharan Africa. After returning to Graz, Austria to teach, he was recruited by the U.S. Army to rejoin the German rocket team in Huntsville, Alabama, and with the formation of NASA, worked for the space agency on systems design and rocket propulsion and guidance. He also served as U.S. representative to the Paris air show. 

Following his retirement from NASA in 1983, he taught engineering at the University of Alabama in Huntsville until his retirement in 1992. He continued to serve as lecturer at the Space Camp at the U.S. Space and Rocket center in Huntsville until his death.

References 

1917 births
1993 deaths
20th-century American engineers
Early spaceflight scientists
Austrian aerospace engineers
Austrian emigrants to the United States
Austrian people of World War II
Austrian physicists
NASA people
Space advocates
University of Alabama in Huntsville faculty
Fibre Channel frame. In computer networking, a Fibre Channel frame is the frame of the Fibre Channel protocol. The basic building blocks of an FC connection are the frames. They contain the information to be transmitted (payload), the address of the source and destination ports and link control information. Frames are broadly categorized as

  Data frames 
  Link_control frames

Data frames may be used as Link_Data frames and Device_Data frames, link control frames are classified as Acknowledge (ACK) and Link_Response (Busy and Reject) frames. The primary function of the Fabric is to receive the frames from the source port and route them to the destination port. It is the FC-2 layer's responsibility to break the data to be transmitted into frame size, and reassemble the frames.

Each frame begins and ends with a frame delimiter. The frame header immediately follows the Start of Frame (SOF) delimiter. The frame header is used to control link applications, control device protocol transfers, and detect missing or out of order frames. Optional headers may contain further link control information. A maximum 2048 byte long field (payload) contains the information to be transferred from a source N_Port to a destination N_Port. The 4 byte Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) precedes the End of Frame (EOF) delimiter. The CRC is used to detect transmission errors. The maximum total frame length is 2148 bytes.

Between successive frames a sequence of (at least) six primitives must be transmitted, sometimes called interframe gap.

References

Computer networking
Fibre Channel
UGL (company). UGL, formerly known as the United Group, is an engineering company. The company provides construction, maintenance, and asset management services to the rail, resources, and infrastructure sectors, and corporate real estate, facilities management, and business process outsourcing services to property users. Its clients are large companies, governments and institutions in Australia, New Zealand, Asia. It was purchased by the CIMIC Group in December 2016.

History
UGL was founded as an engineering construction firm in Perth, Western Australia in 1970 by Charlie Bontempo, Sam Castelli, John Rubino and John Trettel. In 1988, it was re-branded as the United Construction Group.

UGL has acquired a number of businesses, including engineering, construction, and facilities management business Kilpatrick Green in 1998, rail company Goninan in 1999, corporate real estate business KFPW in 2002, Thames Water Projects Asia in 2004, Singaporean real estate services company Premas International (UGL Premas) and Alstom's Australian and New Zealand transport and rail businesses in 2005, Chicago-based Equis Corporation (UGL Equis) and Canberra-based Peak Security in 2006, and Boston-based Unicco Services Company (UGL Unicco) in 2007.

In 2011, a commercial real estate firm DTZ was acquired, but was sold in 2014 to a consortium of TPG Capital, PAG Asia Capital and the Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan.

In October 2016, CIMIC Group launched a successful takeover offer for the company, with CIMIC applying in December 2016 to compulsorily acquire all remaining shares.

Timeline
1994 – Listed on the Australian Securities Exchange as United Construction
1997 – Changed company name to United Group Limited
1998 – Acquisition of Kilpatrick Green
1999 – Acquisition of Goninan
2002 – Acquisition of KFPW from Knight Frank & PwC
2004 – Acquisition of Thames Water Projects Asia from Thames Water
2005 – Acquisition of Premas, and the Australian & New Zealand operations of Alstom 
2006 – Acquisition of Equis, Fischer Industries, Goulburn Railway Workshops, Peak Security and Steelplan
2007 – Acquisition of Proactive Communication Solutions and Unicco
2009 – Changed company name to UGL Limited
2011 – Acquisition of DTZ
2014 – Disposal of DTZ
2016 – Taken over by CIMIC Group

References

External links
Company website

Companies based in Sydney
Companies formerly listed on the Australian Securities Exchange
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1970
Australian companies established in 1970
2016 mergers and acquisitions
Engineering companies of Australia
PRECIS. PRECIS (Providing REgional Climates for Impacts Studies, pronounced pray-sea) is developed at the Hadley Centre at the UK Met Office, PRECIS is a regional climate modelling system designed to run on a Linux-based PC. PRECIS can be applied to any area of the globe to generate detailed climate change projections.

Background 
PRECIS is a regional climate model (RCM) ported to run on a Linux PC with a simple user interface, so that experiments can easily be set up over any region of the globe. PRECIS is designed for researchers (with a focus on developing countries) to construct high-resolution climate change scenarios for their region of interest. These scenarios can be used in impact, vulnerability and adaptation studies, and to aid in the preparation of National Communications, as required under Articles 4.1 and 4.8 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).

PRECIS has been developed at the Hadley Centre at the Met Office with funding from the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), the UK Department for International Development (DFID), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) and the Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC).

PRECIS is made available at workshops that are run regularly by Hadley Centre staff which are provided to address the many issues involved in its application. Support and follow up is provided through the PRECIS website and an email based help line.

The model 
PRECIS contains two regional climate models; HadRM3P and the HadRM3Q0 regional model used in the QUMP project. HadRM3P is a regional model based on the UK Met Office's HadCM3 General Circulation Model.

PRECIS workshops 

PRECIS is made available at workshops run regularly by Met Office Hadley Centre staff, generally in the region where it is to be used. Workshops are provided to give scientific and technical training necessary to use PRECIS and address the many issues involved in its application. There are generally three international and one UK based PRECIS workshops held each year.

PRECIS workshops have provided training covering over 100 countries and over 300 participants. The workshops have been successful in encouraging collaboration between PRECIS users in groups of countries.

See also 
 UK Met Office
 Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research
 PP format (post processing format)

References

External links 
 
 PRECIS - Useful Links
 Met Office - UN climate change summit
 Met Office - Advancing climate science together

Numerical climate and weather models
Meteorological data and networks
Science and technology in Devon
Iron oxide adsorption. Iron oxide adsorption is a water treatment process that is used to remove arsenic from drinking water.  Arsenic is a common natural contaminant of well water and is highly carcinogenic.  Iron oxide adsorption treatment for arsenic in groundwater is a commonly practiced removal process which involves the chemical treatment of arsenic species such that they adsorb onto iron oxides and create larger particles that may be filtered out of the water stream.

The addition of ferric chloride, FeCl3, to well water immediately after the well at the influent to the treatment plant creates ferric hydroxide, Fe(OH)3, and hydrochloric acid, HCl. 

3H2O + FeCl3 → Fe(OH)3 + 3HCl

Fe(OH)3 in water is a strong adsorbent of arsenate, As(V), provided that the pH is low.  HCl lowers pH, assuring arsenic adsorption, and the disassociated chlorine oxidizes iron in solution from Fe+2 to Fe+3, which then may bond with hydroxide ions, OH−, thus creating more adsorbent.

This adjustment also lowers the pH of the well water, decreasing alkalinity and allowing more cationic species such Fe(+) or As(+) as to exist freely within the flow.  Low pH also decreases the solubility of some iron and arsenic species as well as increasing the adsorptive reactivity of arsenate, As(V).

Additional oxidation of Fe+2 to Fe+3, also referred to as iron(II) and iron(III), is induced by the addition of sodium hypochlorite, NaOCl, at the well head.  NaOCl is usually added for disinfection although it may be used in this case towards the objectives of a distribution system free chlorine residual of 1 mg/L and the oxidation of aqueous As(III) to As(V), and aqueous iron Fe+2 to Fe+3, which will bond with hydroxide for further adsorption.

The filter media usually consists of anthracite, iron-manganese oxidizing sand, and garnet sand over support gravel.

References 

Water treatment
Gordon Binder. Gordon M. Binder (born 1935) is an American businessman.

Early life and education
Gordon Binder was born in Missouri. He graduated from Purdue University with a Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering and received an M.B.A. from the Harvard Business School as a Baker Scholar.

Career
Binder worked in managing position at Litton Industries and the Ford Motor Company. He served as Chief Financial Officer at the System Development Corporation. In 1982, he joined Amgen as CFO. From 1988 to 2000, he served as its CEO.

He is the Founder and Managing Director of Coastview Capital, a private investment firm. He also serves as Chairman of SRU Biosystems. He sits on the Boards of Directors of Acadia Pharmaceuticals, Cellular Genomics, PhRMA and the Biotechnology Industry Organization. along with Henri Termeer.

He is a member of the Board of Trustees of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the California Institute of Technology and the American Enterprise Institute. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2001.

Bibliography
Science lessons: What the Business of Biotech Taught Me About Management (with Philip Bashe, Harvard Business Review Press, 2008)

References

1935 births
Living people
Businesspeople from Missouri
Purdue University College of Engineering alumni
Harvard Business School alumni
American chief executives
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Biotechnologists
Massachusetts Institute of Technology people
California Institute of Technology trustees
American Enterprise Institute
American chief financial officers