omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Constantine Papadakis. Constantine Papadakis (February 2, 1946 – April 5, 2009) was a Greek-American businessman and the president of Drexel University.

Academic career
Papadakis received his diploma in civil engineering from the National Technical University of Athens in Greece. He came to the United States in 1969 to continue his studies in civil engineering and earn his master's degree from the University of Cincinnati. He then went on to earn his doctorate in civil engineering in 1973 from the University of Michigan.

Papadakis served as head of the civil engineering department at Colorado State University and then dean of University of Cincinnati's College of Engineering prior to 1995. He was appointed President of Drexel University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1995 and held that position until his death in 2009. During his tenure, Papadakis doubled the full-time undergraduate enrollment, tripled freshman applications, quintupled the university's endowment, and quintupled research funding. His salary of $805,000 was the sixth highest among university presidents. After his death Papadakis' total earnings, including life insurance payout, was estimated at over $4 million.

Other activities
Papadakis sat on the Philadelphia Stock Exchange as chairman of the compensation committee. He also served on the board of trustees of the Hellenic College and Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology.

Death

Papadakis died at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, from pulmonary complications due to pneumonia on April 5, 2009 after battling lung cancer for months. He was 63 years old.

References

External links

Drexel University Office of the President
The Dragon Slayer
President Constantine Papadakis Exclusive The Triangle

1946 births
2009 deaths
20th-century American academics
20th-century American businesspeople
American people of Greek descent
Businesspeople from Athens
Businesspeople from Philadelphia
Deaths from lung cancer in Pennsylvania
National Technical University of Athens alumni
University of Cincinnati alumni
University of Michigan College of Engineering alumni
HDI (disambiguation). The Human Development Index is a United Nations measure of well-being in a country.

HDI may also refer to:
PSA HDi engine, a diesel automobile engine by Peugeot/Citroën
Hexamethylene diisocyanate, an organic compound used to make polymers such as polyurethane
HDi Interactive Format (formerly iHD), a trademark for Microsoft's implementation of advanced interactivity for HD DVD
Histone deacetylase inhibitor, compounds used in psychiatry and neurology, and with anticancer potential
HDI-30 connector, an external SCSI connector by Apple
HDI-45 connector, a video connector by Apple
Heroux-Devtek Inc., a manufacturer of aircraft undercarriages
Hdi language of Cameroon and Nigeria 
HDI-Arena, a sports stadium in Hanover, Germany
HEC. HEC or Hec may refer to:

Businesses and organizations
 Hautes Études Commerciales (disambiguation), French-language business schools
 Higher Education Commission (disambiguation)
 Hongkong Electric Company
 Hotel Ezra Cornell, a student-run hospitality leadership conference 
 Hydro Tasmania (formerly Hydro-Electric Commission)
 Hyundai Engineering (HEC), a Korean firm founded in 1974

Science, technology and mathematics

Computing and communications
 Hollerith Electronic Computer, Britain's first mass-produced business computer
 Header Error Control, a method used in some telecommunication protocols
 HDMI Ethernet Channel, an audiovisual technology

Medicine
 HEC syndrome, a condition
 Human equivalent concentration
 Hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, a test of insulin resistance

Other uses in science and mathematics
 Habitable Exoplanets Catalog, in astronomy
 Hyperelliptic curve, in algebraic geometry
 Hydroxyethyl cellulose, a thickening agent
 HEC-meeting, the Heart of Europe Bio-Crystallography Meeting

Other uses
 The title character of Hec Ramsey, a television Western (1972–1974)
 Heckington railway station, England; National Rail station code HEC

People with the hypocorism Hec

Sportspeople
 Hec Crighton (fl. 1952–1986), Canadian gridiron football coach
 Hec Cyre (1901–1971), Canadian gridiron football player
 Hec Davidson (1908–1976), Australian-rules footballer
 Hector Dyer (1910-1990), American sprinter
 Hec Edmundson (1886–1964), American basketball coach
 Hec Fowler (1892–1987), Canadian ice hockey player
 Art Garvey (1900-1973), American gridiron football player
 Hec Gervais (1934–1997), Canadian curler
 Hec Highton (1923–1985), Canadian NHL ice hockey player
 Hector Hogan (1931-1960), Australian sprinter
 Hec Kilrea (1907–1969), Canadian NHL ice hockey player
 Hec Lalande (1934–2010), Canadian NHL ice hockey player
 Hector Lépine (1897-1951), Canadian NHL ice hockey player
 Hec McKay (fl. 1904–1935), Australian-rules footballer
 Hec Oakley (1909–1998), Australian cricketer
 Hector Pothier (born 1954), Canadian gridiron footballer
 Hec Yeomans (1895-1968), Australian-rules footballer

Other people
 Hec Clouthier (born 1949), Canadian politician
 Hector Waller (1900-1942), Australian naval officer

Nicknames
Flat chain. Flat chain is a form of chain used chiefly in agricultural machinery.  Early machinery made extensive use of flat chain.  It has been gradually replaced in most applications by roller chain, which is quieter, lasts longer, and requires less frequent retensioning.

Modern flat chain is made from stamped steel.  Individual links can be put together or taken apart using simple tools, unlike roller chain which requires a master link or special splicing equipment.

Today, flat chain is used most often for conveyor belts, because it lends itself well to the attachment of slats, flights, buckets, and prongs used to move material.  Such attachments can be welded on in the field, or can be purchased ready-made on a single link (or pair of links where the conveyor uses two chains) and then spliced into a loop of chain.

Older forms of flat chain were made of iron.  Though the sprockets are compatible with modern chain, the two types cannot be spliced together.

References

External links

 The Complete Guide to Chain
 History of Link-Belt Construction Equipment Co. an early manufacturer of flat chain.

Chain drives
Mechanical power transmission
Tonewheel. A tonewheel or tone wheel is a simple electromechanical apparatus used for generating electric musical notes in electromechanical organ instruments such as the Hammond organ and in telephony to generate audible signals such as ringing tone. It was developed by Thaddeus Cahill for the telharmonium c. 1896 and patented in 1897. It was reinvented around 1910 by Rudolph Goldschmidt for use in pre–vacuum-tube radio receivers as a beat frequency oscillator (BFO) to make continuous wave radiotelegraphy (Morse code) signals audible.

Description
The tonewheel assembly consists of a synchronous AC motor and an associated gearbox that drives a series of rotating disks. Each disk has a given number of smooth bumps at the rim; these generate a specific frequency as the disk rotates close to a pickup assembly that consists of a magnet and electromagnetic coil.

As each bump in the wheel approaches the pickup, it temporarily concentrates the magnetic field near it, and thus strengthens the magnetic field that passes through the coil, inducing a current in the coil by the process of electromagnetic induction. As the bump moves past, this concentrating effect is reduced again, the magnetic field weakens slightly, and an opposite current is induced in the coil. Thus, the frequency of the current in the coil depends on the speed of rotation of the disk and the number of bumps.

Typically, the coil is connected to an amplifier through a network of switches, contacts, resistor banks, and transformers which can be used to mix the fluctuating current representing the note from one coil with similar currents from other coils representing other notes. A single fundamental frequency can thus be combined with one or more harmonics to produce complex sounds. Tonewheels were first developed for and used in the impractical Telharmonium circa 1896 and later in the original Hammond organs.

Tonewheel leakage occurs in the Hammond organ and in similar situations, where the large number of tonewheels causes pickups to overhear tonewheels other than their own. This causes the organ to add chromatics to played notes. In some kinds of music this is undesirable, but in others it has become an important part of the Hammond sound. On some digital simulations of Hammond organs tonewheel leakage is a user-set parameter.

Early uses 
The tonewheel was independently invented in 1910 by Rudolph Goldschmidt as a beat frequency oscillator in early radio receivers to make continuous wave radiotelegraphy (Morse code) signals audible, before the existence of the vacuum tube.

See also 
 Alexanderson alternator
 Savart wheel

Notes

References

Electronic organs
Electric and electronic keyboard instruments
Streaker (dinghy). A Streaker is a type of sailing dinghy designed in 1975 by Jack Holt. It is a light (minimum weight only 48 kg) one-person boat with a uni-rig stayed sail plan. It is sailed mainly in Britain and the Philippines, and over 2200 have been built. At first all boats were built of plywood, but since 1998 fibreglass, and fibreglass variants have been used, and now over half of new boats are of fibreglass or composite (fibreglass and wood) construction.

The hull design is a double chine hull, with little freeboard. The boat incorporates an unconventional raking daggerboard.  Recent developments have included a smaller sail, known as the 'Wave Sail' for use by lighter crews or in strong winds.

References

External links
 Streaker Class Owners Association

Dinghies
Boats designed by Jack Holt
Ernest Lemon. Sir Ernest John Hutchings Lemon   (9 December 1884 – 15 December 1954) was an English railway engineer, and was chief mechanical engineer of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway and later one of its three Vice-Presidents. During the run-up to the Second World War, Lemon was made Director-General of Aircraft Production and made crucial improvements to aircraft production.

Biography 

Lemon was born in the small village of Okeford Fitzpaine, in the registration district of Sturminster Newton, North Dorset. His father was a carpenter, and his mother laundress for the Rectory next door, where his first work experience was as a "back door boy".  The Rector recognised his potential, and when the Rector's daughter moved to Scotland she took Lemon with her, and he attended Heriot-Watt College, Edinburgh.  He served an apprenticeship with the North British Locomotive Company and then worked for the Highland Railway and for Hurst Nelson.

In 1911, Lemon became Chief Wagon Inspector of the Midland Railway in England. In 1917, he was made Carriage Works Manager at Derby Works. In 1923, he was appointed Divisional Carriage and Wagon Superintendent at Derby. There he developed production line methods for the construction of wagons and carriages.

Despite having little experience in locomotive engineering, in 1931 Lemon was appointed to the post of chief mechanical engineer (CME) replacing the retiring Henry Fowler. After less than a year as CME however, Lemon was again promoted to Vice-President, Railway Traffic, Operating and Commercial, replacing J.H. Follows who retired due to ill health.  Under his Vice-Presidency, the LMS undertook modernisation of their motive power depots.  William Stanier had been head-hunted from the Great Western Railway to replace Lemon as CME and revolutionised the LMS's locomotive policy.

Lemon was a member of the Engineer and Railway Staff Corps—a Territorial Army unit of the Royal Engineers; he joined as a major in November 1929, and was promoted to lieutenant-colonel in April 1932. He resigned his commission in August 1943.

During World War II, Lemon was made Director-General of Aircraft Production. He introduced "assembly-line methods" and standardisation which enabled production to be sped up to such an extent that, at the end of the Battle of Britain, the RAF had more operational aircraft than at the start of that Battle, while Germany had fewer.  Lemon received a knighthood in the 1941 New Year's Honours list. He retired from the railway in 1943 and died in Epsom in 1954.

References

Further reading
 Terry Jenkins, Sir Ernest Lemon, RCHS Books, 4 Broadway, Lincoln LN2, 1SH (2011). .

External links
 (Sir) Ernest John Hutchings Lemon at steamindex.com
 http://www.ernestlemon.co.uk

1884 births
1954 deaths
Military personnel from Dorset
20th-century British Army personnel
Alumni of Heriot-Watt University
English railway mechanical engineers
Locomotive builders and designers
London, Midland and Scottish Railway people
Engineer and Railway Staff Corps officers
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Knights Bachelor
George Hughes (engineer). George Hughes (9 October 1865 – 27 October 1945) was an English locomotive engineer, and chief mechanical engineer (CME) of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway (L&YR) and the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS).

Biography
George Hughes was born on 9 October 1865 and served a premium apprenticeship at the London and North Western Railway (LNWR) Crewe Works between 1882 and 1886.

At the L&YR he started in the test room, and Bulleid notes the L&YR's John Aspinall was most pleased with his work there. He progressed through various positions at the L&YR culminating in achieving in becoming chief mechanical engineer in March 1904. 

He introduced the L&YR locomotive classification system around 1919. 

When the L&YR amalgamated into the LNWR in January 1922 he became the CME of the combined group and was appointed the CME of the LMS on its formation at the 1923 grouping.

He retired in July 1925 after only two and a half years at the LMS. He was succeeded by Henry Fowler who had worked with him at Horwich Works before moving to the former Midland Railway's Derby Works.

He died on 27 October 1945.

Steam locomotives

L&YR
 Class 4, a superheated development of the Class 3, there were 2 versions each having different cylinder sizes and valve gear. 
 Class 6, a superheated development of the Class 5
 Class 8 4-6-0 Dreadnought. As initially built these express passenger engines had significant issues, following rebuild their performance was "creditable".
 Class 28, a superheated development of the Class 27
 Railmotors
 2-10-0, a heavy mineral loco design of 1914, not built owing to the outbreak of the Great War.

LMS
 LMS Hughes Crab, a  5P4F mixed-traffic locomotive had the basic design completed before Hughes' retirement. It  was the last design from Horwich Works and Marshall gives it the accolade "The engine became at once, and remained, one of the best on the LMS". 245 were produced and Marshall comments the successful LMS Fowler 2-6-4T was also influenced by the design.
 4-6-4T Dreadnought tank, Designed for L&YR, built by the LMS.

Electric locomotives
During Hughes' time at the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway built an electric goods locomotive in 1912 and a battery-electric shunter around 1917. The former had four 150 horsepower motors (total 600 hp) and could pick up current from the third rail on the main line or from overhead lines in freight yards.

Publications

See also
 Locomotives of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway
 LYR electric units

References

Bibliography

External links
 George Hughes Steam Index website article

1865 births
1945 deaths
English railway mechanical engineers
Locomotive builders and designers
Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway
London, Midland and Scottish Railway people
Delhi College. Delhi College can refer to these colleges in Delhi, India:
 Zakir Husain Delhi College, University of Delhi; formerly known as Delhi College, founded in 1792 as Madrasa Ghaziuddin Khan
 Delhi College of Arts and Commerce, University of Delhi
 College of Art, Delhi, University of Delhi
 Delhi College of Engineering, now Delhi Technological University

See also 
 State University of New York at Delhi, Delhi, New York, US
Bombardier CRJ. The Bombardier CRJ/Mitsubishi CRJ or CRJ Series (for Canadair Regional Jet) is a family of regional jets introduced in 1991 by Bombardier Aerospace. The CRJ was manufactured by Bombardier Aerospace with the manufacturing of the first CRJ generation, the CRJ100/200 starting in 1991 and the second CRJ generation, the CRJ700 series starting in 1999.

The CRJ programme was acquired by Japanese corporation Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI RJ Aviation Group) in a deal that closed 1 June 2020. Bombardier subsequently completed the assembly of the order backlog on behalf of Mitsubishi.

Bombardier claims it is the most successful family of regional jets in the world. Production ended in December 2020 after 1,945 were built.

Background
The family consists of the following aircraft generations and models/derivatives:
 CRJ100/200
 CRJ100 – maximum of 50 passenger seats
 CRJ200 – maximum of 50 passenger seats, improved CF34-3B1 engine
 CRJ440 – CRJ200 limited to 44 passenger seats
 CRJ700 series
 CRJ700 – maximum of 78 passenger seats
 CRJ550 – CRJ700 limited to 50 passenger seats
 CRJ900 – maximum of 90 passenger seats
 CRJ705 – CRJ900 limited to 75 passenger seats
 CRJ1000 – maximum of 104 passenger seats

Divestment 
, following Bombardier's decisions to sell the CSeries to Airbus and the Q Series to De Havilland Canada, the company was looking at "strategic options" to return the CRJ to profitability. Analysts suspected that it might decide to exit the commercial aircraft market altogether and refocus on business aircraft. That prediction came to pass on 25 June 2019, when a deal was announced to sell the CRJ programme to Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, the parent company of Mitsubishi Aircraft Corporation. Mitsubishi had a historic interest in the CRJ programme, having sounded out risk-sharing options with Bombardier, and were at one point expected to take a stake in its SpaceJet venture during the 1990s. Bombardier ceased new sales and announced that production of the CRJ would continue at Mirabel until the current order backlog was complete. The deal was to include the type certificate for the CRJ series; Bombardier worked with Transport Canada to separate the CRJ certificate from that of the Challenger.

Closure of the deal was confirmed on 1 June 2020, with Bombardier's service and support activities transferred to a new Montreal-based company, MHI RJ Aviation Group. MHI RJ has not renamed the aircraft, and its website referred simply to the CRJ Series.

The final Bombardier CRJ to be produced, a CRJ900, finished production and was delivered to SkyWest Airlines on 28 February 2021.

In 2021, Mitsubishi investigated restarting production on the CRJ550, a variant of the CRJ700 limited to 50 passenger seats, similar to the nominal seating capacity of the 100/200 models. Restarting production would involve building a new plant, as the former plant is now making Airbus A220s, and taking the tooling out of storage. However, , Mitsubishi has not pursued a restart.

Specifications

References

External links
 

Set index articles on vehicles
Canadian airliners
Bombardier Aerospace
Richard Noble. Richard James Anthony Noble, OBE (born 6 March 1946) is a Scottish entrepreneur who was holder of the land speed record between 1983 and 1997. He was also the project director of ThrustSSC, the vehicle which holds the current land speed record, set at Black Rock Desert, Nevada in 1997.

Life

Noble was born in Edinburgh, Scotland and educated at Winchester College. He became a qualified pilot.

In 1984 he exploited a production hiatus at Cessna aircraft to create the ARV Super2, a new all-British light aircraft. The Super2 was fitted with a new British engine, the Hewland AE75. Only around 40 ARVs were made before the Isle of Wight factory closed.

Thrust2, the record-breaking car driven by Noble, travelled at 633.468 mph (1019 km/h) in the Black Rock Desert in Nevada, US. The accomplishment won Noble the 1983 Segrave Trophy. ThrustSSC, the supersonic car driven by Andy Green, broke the record at 763.035 mph (1221 km/h) or Mach 1.02. Noble was planning another land speed record attempt to take place in 2019: Bloodhound SSC which aimed to surpass 1,000 mph but the project went into bankruptcy and was sold to Ian Warhurst. Noble remained a Director on both Bloodhound Project and Bloodhound Education Ltd. Bloodhound Education is a stand-alone charity which is funded by grants from corporate sponsors such as Saudi Aramco and others.  

Noble's next project was to develop the "Farnborough F1", a six-passenger single-engined turboprop low-wing aircraft designed as an "Air Taxi" that could operate out of small airstrips. The intended market was to provide transport for businessmen who found the existing air, rail and road networks too inflexible and expensive.  Noble started Farnborough Aircraft in 1998, but after failing to find backing from any major financial institution, sold shares to small investors. A bitter dispute followed, and development stopped while new investment was found. The rights to the design were transferred and the aircraft renamed Kestrel K-350. A prototype aircraft first flew in 2006 but certification and production remain uncertain.

In 2010 he was awarded an honorary Doctor of Technology by the University of the West of England.

Noble's autobiography is titled Thrust: The Remarkable Story of One Man's Quest for Speed.

References

Bibliography

External links
 Official Page

1946 births
Living people
Scottish racing drivers
Sportspeople from Edinburgh
Land speed record people
People educated at Winchester College
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Segrave Trophy recipients
BRDC Gold Star winners
EAD. EAD may refer to:

 EAD socket, an obsolete network connection socket
 , a Latin term meaning "the same", abbreviated 
 Early afterdepolarization, a type of cardiac dysrhythmia
 Earlsfield railway station in London, station code EAD
 Elite athletes with a disability, a term to describe athletes taking part in disabled sports
 Emergency airworthiness directive, issued when an unsafe condition exists that requires immediate action by an aircraft owner or operator
 Employment authorization document, in the United States
 Encoded Archival Description, an archival data standard
 Engin Altan Düzyatan, a Turkish actor
 Environment Agency Abu Dhabi, a government agency
 Equivalent air depth, a way of approximating decompression requirements
 European AIS Database, an aviation database
 Exposure at default, a measure of risk used in banking regulation
 Nintendo Entertainment Analysis & Development, a defunct division of Nintendo