omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Crt0. (also known as ) is a set of execution startup routines linked into a C program that performs any initialization work required before calling the program's main function. After the main function completes the control returns to crt0, which calls the library function exit(0) to terminate the process.

Form and usage
Crt0 generally takes the form of an object file called , often written in assembly language, which is automatically included by the linker into every executable file it builds.

 contains the most basic parts of the runtime library. As such, the exact work it performs depends on the program's compiler, operating system and C standard library implementation. Beside the initialization work required by the environment and toolchain,  can perform additional operations defined by the programmer, such as executing C++ global constructors and C functions carrying GCC's  attribute.

"crt" stands for "C runtime", and the zero stands for "the very beginning".  However, when programs are compiled using GCC, it is also used for languages other than C.  Alternative versions of  are available for special usage scenarios; for example, to enable profiling with gprof, programs must be compiled with  instead.

Example crt0.s 
This example is for Linux x86-64 with AT&T syntax, without an actual C runtime.
.text

.globl _start

_start: # _start is the entry point known to the linker
    xor %ebp, %ebp            # effectively RBP := 0, mark the end of stack frames
    mov (%rsp), %edi          # get argc from the stack (implicitly zero-extended to 64-bit)
    lea 8(%rsp), %rsi         # take the address of argv from the stack
    lea 16(%rsp,%rdi,8), %rdx # take the address of envp from the stack
    xor %eax, %eax            # per ABI and compatibility with icc
    call main                 # %edi, %rsi, %rdx are the three args (of which first two are C standard) to main

    mov %eax, %edi    # transfer the return of main to the first argument of _exit
    xor %eax, %eax    # per ABI and compatibility with icc
    call _exit        # terminate the program

See also 

 Entry point
 Runtime system

References

External links 
 crt0.o vs crt1.o
 Linux x86 program start-up
 Hello from a libc-free world! (Part 1), March 16, 2010
 glibc x86_64 start.S  

C standard library
C programming language family
E. Floyd Kvamme. Earl Floyd Kvamme (born 1938) is an American engineer, venture capitalist, and government advisor.

Early life
The son of Norwegian immigrant parents, Kvamme grew up in Northern California graduating from Jefferson High School of Daly City in 1955. He earned a BS in Electrical Engineering from the University of California, Berkeley in 1959 and an MS in Semiconductor Materials Science and Engineering from Syracuse University in 1962.

Career
In 1967, Kvamme was one of the original members of a team to establish new National Semiconductor headquarters in Silicon Valley. In 1982, Kvamme became Executive Vice President of Sales and Marketing for Apple Computer. While at Apple, he was instrumental in deciding to air the 1984 advertisement. He has been a director (and later Partner Emeritus) at venture capital firm Kleiner, Perkins, Caufield & Byers since March 1984. In the corporate world he has served on the boards of Brio Technology, Gemfire, Harmonic, National Semiconductor, Photon Dynamics, Power Integrations, and Silicon Genesis.

In the public realm, he is best known for his appointment by President George W. Bush to be Co-Chairman of the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) in 2001; Kvamme has also advised every president from Ronald Reagan to George W. Bush. Kvamme previously served as Chairman of advocacy group Empower America. He serves on the board of the National Venture Capital Association. In 1998, Kvamme served as Chairman of the California State Electronic Commerce Advisory Council for Governor Pete Wilson's administration.

Kvamme came out in support of Rudy Giuliani in his 2008 US Presidential Campaign. In 2012, Kvamme supported Rick Perry in his US Presidential Campaign, and was a member of his California finance team.

Bibliography
'Chapter 19: How Technology Can Lead a Boom', in The 4% Solution: Unleashing the Economic Growth America Needs, Brendan Miniter (ed.), George W. Bush Institute, New York: Crown Business, 2012, pp 261–278.

References

External links

 

1938 births
American people of Norwegian descent
Engineers from New York (state)
Jefferson High School (Daly City, California) alumni
Kleiner Perkins people
Living people
San Jose Sharks owners
Syracuse University alumni
UC Berkeley College of Engineering alumni
ALCO T-6. The Alco T6 (DL 440) is a diesel-electric switcher locomotive rated at , that rides on two-axle trucks, having a B-B wheel arrangement.

The 'T' stands for 'Transfer', meaning this locomotive is capable of faster transition and higher sustained speeds than the regular 'S' - type yard switcher series.  A major difference underlying this shift is the use of the heavier GE 752 traction motors, as used on road locomotives, in place of the GE 731 traction motors used on nearly all Alco's preceding switchers.  The 752 motors give the T-6 a very substantial increase in continuous tractive effort, which greatly improved its slow-speed lugging performance.

Original owners

Survivors 
The Delaware Coast Line Railway, the Ohio Central Railway and the Arkansas & Missouri operate the T-6. Ohio Central's T-6 is unique because it was the only one built (for Monongahela Connecting Railroad) with Hi-Ad trucks. 14 T-6's survive in all.

Pennsylvania RR 8427 survives as Georges Creek Railway 101. It was that railroad's first locomotive acquisition and is often used to switch the NewPage paper mill at Luke, Maryland.

Newburg and South Shore Railroad 1017 survives on the West Michigan Railroad.

Newburg and South Shore Railroad 1016 survives as Middletown and Hummelstown Railroad 1016.

Norfolk and Western Railway #40 survives as a static display in the Virginia Museum of Transportation. It has been restored to Chesapeake and Western #10 paint.

Norfolk and Western Railway #41 is operated by the Roanoke Chapter, NRHS. It has been restored to Norfolk and Western lettering and makes operating appearances at the Virginia Museum of Transportation.

See also 
 List of ALCO diesel locomotives
 List of MLW diesel locomotives

References

https://web.archive.org/web/20140220043646/http://www.gckrail.com/

External links

 Preserved diesels
 Sarberenyi, Robert. Alco T6 Original Owners.

B-B locomotives
T6
Diesel–electric locomotives of the United States
Railway locomotives introduced in 1958
Standard gauge locomotives of the United States
Standard gauge locomotives of Mexico
Diesel–electric locomotives of Mexico
Shunting locomotives
ALCO S-6. The Alco S-6 (specification DL 430) was a diesel–electric switcher locomotive constructed by ALCO of Schenectady, New York; a total of 126 locomotives were built between May 1955 and December 1960. The S-6 was an improved version of the earlier S-5.

Design 
Visually indistinguishable from the S-5, the S-6 used an ALCO 251A or 251B prime mover rated at . The locomotive rode on two-axle AAR trucks, giving a B-B wheel arrangement. ALCO produced a cow–calf variant for the Oliver Iron Mining Company designated SB-8/SSB-9, two sets were produced of this version.

Original owners

In popular culture 
 In Back to the Future Part III, two double headed S-6 locomotives destroyed the DeLorean time machine, when it returned to 1985.

See also 
 List of ALCO diesel locomotives
 List of MLW diesel locomotives

References

External links

 Sarberenyi, Robert. Alco S5, S6, and SSB9 Original Owners.

B-B locomotives
S6
Diesel–electric locomotives of the United States
Railway locomotives introduced in 1955
Locomotives with cabless variants
Standard gauge locomotives of the United States
Standard gauge locomotives of Mexico
Diesel–electric locomotives of Mexico
Shunting locomotives
Telcon. In air traffic control, a Telcon refers to the routine telephone conferences that take place between Traffic Management Coordinators at different FAA facilities throughout the day. The telcon usually includes the Operations Plan (OP), equipment outages, internal initiatives, terminal constraints, route closure/recovery information, anticipated Traffic Management Initiatives (TMI) necessary to manage the system, and/or other issues which may impact operations (such as staffing or special events).

See also 
Teleconference

References

Air traffic control
Comparison of antivirus software. 

Legend 
The term "on-demand scan" refers to the possibility of performing a manual scan (by the user) on the entire computer/device, while "on-access scan" refers to the ability of a product to automatically scan every file at its creation or subsequent modification.

The term "CloudAV" refers to the ability of a product to automatically perform scans on the cloud.

The term "Email Security" refers to the protection of email from viruses and malware, while "AntiSpam" refers to the protection from spam, scam and phishing attacks.

The term "Web protection" usually includes protection from: infected and malicious URLs, phishing websites, online identity (privacy) protection and online banking protection. Many antivirus products use "third-party antivirus engine". This means that the antivirus engine is made by another producer; however, the malware signature and/or other parts of the product may (or may not) be done from the owner of the product itself.

Desktop computers and servers

Microsoft Windows

Apple macOS

Linux

Solaris

FreeBSD

OS/2, ArcaOS

Mobile (smartphones and tablets)

Google Android

iOS

Windows Mobile
This list excludes Windows Phone 7 and Windows Phone 8 as they do not support running protection programs.

Symbian

BlackBerry

See also 
 Antivirus software
 Comparison of firewalls
 International Computer Security Association
 Internet security
 Comparison of computer viruses
 Virus Bulletin

References 

Antivirus software

Lists of software
Walloon forge. A Walloon forge (or Walloon process) is a type of finery forge that decarbonizes pig iron into wrought iron.

The process was conceived in the Liège region, and from there extended to France, then England around the end of the 15th century. Louis de Geer brought it to Roslagen in Sweden at the beginning of the 17th century, with Walloon blacksmiths.

The Walloon process spread to Sweden in the Uppland province north of Stockholm, where it was used to produce a specific kind of wrought iron called oregrounds iron.

In Sweden 

The source material was pig iron produced by a blast furnace using charcoal and the manganese rich iron ore from the Dannemora mine. A V-shaped hearth using charcoal was used to heat up the pig iron bar that was presented to a tuyere that decarbonized it and made it melt and fall in drops that solidified in a pool of slag where the decarburization continued. The iron drops were picked up with an iron bar and presented again in front of the tuyere and one by one agglomerated into a ball. That heterogeneous iron was full of slag and the carbon content ranged from pure iron to nearly pig iron. It was therefore reheated in a chafery and hammered and folded using a waterwheel powered trip hammer.

The ore from Dannemora was very low in sulphur and high in manganese. It is possible the manganese bonded with the impurities during the oxidation, creating a pretty pure wrought iron. The use of charcoal prevented the contamination with impurities usually associated with the usage of coal or coke, of which Sweden has very little (although coal was mined in Höganäs, Scania County from 1797). In England, the chafery might use coal or coke, as in this stage the iron is solidified and the contamination remain low.

The iron was sold to England, where it was recarbonized into blister steel using the cementation process. This steel still contained some slag, and if the carbon was around 1% at the surface, it was lower in the center. The blister steel was than purchased by Benjamin Huntsman who melted it in crucibles heated in coke-fired ovens and poured it. This modern crucible steel was different from the medieval wootz from India, but was homogeneous and without slag.

References 

Steelmaking
Metallurgical processes
BSI PAS 100. The British Composting Association worked to establish an industry standard for composts, the BSI PAS 100 certified by the British Standards Institution. The specification covers the entire process; from raw materials and production methods, through quality control and lab testing ensuring certified composts are quality assured traceable safe and reliable. Description: Composting (waste), Biodegradability, Degradation, Waste disposal, Waste handling, Quality control, Biological hazards, Pathogens, Toxic materials, Toxins, Contaminants, Pollution control, Environmental management, Management operations, Performance, Marking, Labels, Fertilizers.

PAS stands for Publicly Available Specification

See also
Compost
Composting
Home composting
Industrial composting
List of composting systems

References

Biodegradable waste management
Industrial composting
Waste legislation in the United Kingdom
00100
Environmental standards
Software Engineering Process Group. A Software Engineering Process Group (SEPG) is an organization's focal point for software process improvement activities. These individuals perform assessments of organizational capability, develop plans to implement needed improvements, coordinate the implementation of those plans, and measure the effectiveness of these efforts. Successful SEPGs require specialized skills and knowledge of many areas outside traditional software engineering.

Following are ongoing activities of the process group:
 Obtains and maintains the support of all levels of management.
 Facilitates software process assessments.
 Works with line managers whose projects are affected by changes in software engineering practice, providing a broad perspective of the improvement effort and helping them set expectations.
 Maintains collaborative working relationships with software engineers, especially to obtain, plan for, and install new practices and technologies.
 Arranges for any training or continuing education related to process improvements.
 Tracks, monitors, and reports on the status of particular improvement efforts.
 Facilitates the creation and maintenance of process definitions, in collaboration with managers and engineering staff.
 Maintains a process database.
 Provides process consultation to development projects and management.

Sorts of SEPGs
Every SEPG has a different approach and mission. Some of the flavors include:

 "Working" SEPGs that actually develop and deploy process as a type of internal consulting team.
 "Oversight" SEPGs that oversee the process architecture, approve it, manage changes, and prioritize it (sort of a process CCB)
 "Deliberative" SEPGs that debate the process approach and develop strategy for a process architecture and deployment
 "Virtual" SEPGs that are made up of representatives from throughout the organization that dedicate a certain amount of time to the effort and are responsible for deploying and training everyone else in the organization

See also
 Capability Maturity Model Integration

References

External links
 Software Engineering Institute
 European SEPG

Software development process
Quality
Enterprise information security architecture. Enterprise information security architecture is the practice of designing, constructing and maintaining information security strategies and policies in enterprise organisations. A subset of enterprise architecture, information security frameworks are often given their own dedicated resources in larger organisations and are therefore significantly more complex and robust than in small and medium-sized enterprises.

Overview 
Enterprise information security architecture is becoming a common practice within financial institutions around the globe. The primary purpose of creating an enterprise information security architecture is to ensure that business strategy and IT security are aligned.

Enterprise information security architecture topics 

Enterprise information security architecture was first formally positioned by Gartner in their whitepaper called “Incorporating Security into the Enterprise Architecture Process”.

High-level security architecture framework 

Whilst security architecture frameworks are often custom designed in enterprise organisations, several models are commonly used and adapted to the individual requirements of the organisation

Commonly used frameworks include:
 SABSA framework and methodology
 The U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) Architecture Framework (DoDAF)
 Extended Enterprise Architecture Framework (E2AF) from the Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments.
 Federal Enterprise Architecture of the United States Government (FEA)
 The UK Ministry of Defence (MOD) Architecture Framework (MODAF)
 Service-Oriented Modeling Framework (SOMF)
 The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF)
 Zachman Framework

See also 
 Enterprise architecture
 Enterprise architecture planning
 Information security
 Information assurance

References

Further reading 
 Carbone, J. A. (2004). IT architecture toolkit. Enterprise computing series. Upper Saddle River, NJ, Prentice Hall PTR.
 Cook, M. A. (1996). Building enterprise information architectures : reengineering information systems. Hewlett-Packard professional books. Upper Saddle River, NJ, Prentice Hall.
 Fowler, M. (2003). Patterns of enterprise application architecture. The Addison-Wesley signature series. Boston, Addison-Wesley.
 SABSA integration with TOGAF.
 Groot, R., M. Smits and H. Kuipers (2005). "A Method to Redesign the IS Portfolios in Large Organisations", Proceedings of the 38th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'05). Track 8, p. 223a. IEEE.
 Steven Spewak and S. C. Hill (1993). Enterprise architecture planning : developing a blueprint for data, applications, and technology. Boston, QED Pub. Group.
Woody, Aaron (2013). Enterprise Security: A Data-Centric Approach to Securing the Enterprise. Birmingham, UK. Packt Publishing Ltd.

Enterprise architecture
Computer security
Property maintenance. Property maintenance relates to the upkeep of a home, apartment, rental property or building and may be a commercial venture through a property maintenance company, an employee of the company which owns a home, apartment or a self-storage pastime for example day-to-day housekeeping or cleaning.

See also
Facility management
Activity relationship chart
Building information modeling
Computerized maintenance management system
Physical plant
1:5:200
Home repair

References

Building engineering
Maintenance
ChemDraw. ChemDraw is a molecule editor first developed in 1985 by Selena "Sally" Evans, her husband David A. Evans, and Stewart Rubenstein (later by the cheminformatics company CambridgeSoft).  The company was sold to PerkinElmer in 2011.  ChemDraw, along with Chem3D and ChemFinder, is part of the ChemOffice suite of programs and is available for Macintosh and Microsoft Windows.

Features of ChemDraw 12.0
 Chemical structure to name conversion
 Chemical name to structure conversion
 NMR spectrum simulation (1H and 13C)
 Mass spectrum simulation
 Structure cleanup
 Draw ligand Structure
 An extensive collection of templates, including style templates for most major chemical journals.
 Export to SVG
 Export to PDF (Mac Version only)

File format
The native file formats for ChemDraw are the binary CDX and the preferred XML-based CDXML formats.
ChemDraw can also import from, and export to, MOL, SDF, and SKC chemical file formats.

Plugins
SDK for ChemDraw enables third-party developers to write plugins. For example, Quick HotKey helps to set up HotKeys in interactive mode instead of manually editing the text file.

The plugin website http://www.cambridgesoft.com/services/documentation/sdk/ appears to have been abandoned, and redirects to Revvity Signals' website.

References

See also
Molecule editor

Chemistry software
Science software for macOS
Science software for Windows
Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics. The Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics is located in Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is one of 80 institutes in the Max Planck Society (Max Planck Gesellschaft). It was founded in 1968.

The institute is studying signal and information processing in the brain. We know that our brain is constantly processing a vast amount of sensory and intrinsic information by which our behavior is coordinated accordingly. How the brain actually achieves these tasks is less well understood, for example, how it perceives, recognizes, and learns new objects. The scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics aim to determine which signals and processes are responsible for creating a coherent percept of our environment and for eliciting the appropriate behavior. Scientists of several departments and research groups are working towards answering fundamental questions about processing in the brain, using different approaches and methods.

Departments 

Department for Computational Neuroscience (Peter Dayan)
Department for Body-Brain Cybernetics (Ivan De Araujo)
Department for Sensory and Sensorimotor Systems (Zhaoping Li)
Department for High-field Magnetic Resonance (Klaus Scheffler)

Max Planck Research Groups 

Brain States for Plasticity (Svenja Brodt)
Cognitive Neuroscience & Neurotechnology (Romy Lorenz)
Dynamic Cognition Group (Assaf Breska)
Molecular Singaling (Robert Ohlendorf)
Systems Neuroscience & Neuroengineering (Jennifer Li & Drew Robson)
Translational Sensory and Circadian Neuroscience (Manuel Spitschan)

Former departments 

Department for Physiology of Cognitive Processes (Nikos Logothetis)
Department for Human Perception, Cognition and Action (Heinrich H. Bülthoff)
 Empirical Inference (Bernhard Schölkopf)
 Information Processing in Insects (Werner E. Reichardt)
 Structure & Function of Natural Nerve-Net (Valentin von Braitenberg)

References

External links 
 Homepage of the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics

Biological Cybernetics
Biological research institutes
Systems science institutes
Organisations based in Tübingen
Education in Tübingen
Cybernetics
Instrumentation (disambiguation). Instrumentation is the art and science of measurement and control.

Instrumentation may also refer to:

Science and technology
 Instrumentation (computer programming), the ability to monitor a product's performance and to diagnose errors
 Virtual instrumentation
 Instrumentation amplifier, an integrated circuit sometimes used in measurement instruments
 Instrumentation, in the internal validity of the scientific study

Other
 Instrumentation (music)

See also
 Instrument (disambiguation)
Engin Blindé du Génie. The Engin Blindé du Génie (EBG; "armoured engineering vehicle") is a French military engineering vehicle. Its chassis is that of the AMX-30 battle tank. 

Development of the vehicle began in the 1980s. It was pressed into service by the French Army in 1989 for the Gulf War, which revealed that the design needed further work. Deliveries to the French Army resumed in the early 1990s.

The vehicle carries a 142-mm demolition gun, a dozer blade, a manipulator arm, launchers for anti-tank mines, a winch and a 7.62-mm machine gun. It has a three-person crew of a commander, driver and operator. Of 71 vehicles built, 18 of the modernised EBG VAL or EBG R2 variant remained in operational service in 2018, with some others of it in long-term storage.

EBG SDPMAC is a minefield-breaching variant. The EBG VAL or EBG R2 variant has additional armour and other improvements. The most recent variant is the EBG Vulcain, which has an excavator arm instead of a manipulator arm; the first one was delivered in 2020, and three more were due in 2021.

References

Armoured fighting vehicles of France
Military engineering vehicles