omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Loire 70. The Loire 70 was a 1930s French long-range maritime reconnaissance flying boat produced by Loire Aviation.

Design and development

The Loire 70 was designed to meet a 1932 French Navy requirement for a long-range flying boat for maritime reconnaissance and bombing. The prototype first flew on 28 December 1933. It was an all-metal monoplane, with a heavily braced high wing, with three radial engines mounted above the wing, two as tractors and one as a pusher. The original engines, three 500 hp (373 kW) Gnome et Rhône 9Kbr radials, were not powerful enough and were replaced with 740 hp (552 kW) Gnome-Rhône 9Kfr radials. Seven production aircraft were produced.

Operational history
The seven production aircraft and the prototype were all delivered to the French Navy, serving with Escadrille E7 at Karouba in Tunisia. During the early days of World War II, the aircraft carried out patrols in the Mediterranean. In an Italian air raid on their base on 12 June 1940, three of the four surviving aircraft were destroyed. The remaining Loire 70 was one of a number of aircraft that were requested to be scrapped on 4 October 1941.

Operator

French Navy

Specifications

See also

References

Bibliography
 
 

070
Loire 070
Flying boats
Three-engined push-pull aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1933
Mann Egerton Type B. The Mann Egerton Type B was a 1910s British maritime patrol aircraft developed from the Short Type 184 by Mann Egerton and Company of Norwich.

Design and development
Mann Egerton were given a contract in 1915 to build the Short Type 184, a two-seat reconnaissance, bombing and torpedo carrying seaplane. As a result of experience gained with the Short 184 contract the company developed an improved version. The most noticeable difference was an increase of span of the upper wing.

Operational history
The Royal Naval Air Service operated all fifteen Type Bs on patrol duties.

Operator

Royal Naval Air Service

Specifications

References

See also

Type B
1910s British patrol aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Floatplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1916
Windhoff. Windhoff is a German manufacturer of specialised railways rolling stock, and heavy industrial plant. The company was founded in 1889.

The company is well known for its CargoSprinter rail vehicle, and derivatives.

History
The company started out as the  (Machine Factory of Rheine) in Rheine near Münster, Germany in 1889 manufacturing machines for the weaving industry and founded by Rudolf Windhoff.  By 1901 the company was employing over 100 people.

As similar control mechanisms were used for steam-driven automated weaving looms and for stream-driven railway traversers and turntables, Rudolf Windhoff also founded the  (Windhoff Brothers' Engine and Vehicle Factory).

In 1913, these two private companies were combined to form the share-based  (Windhoff Machine Factory Rheine).  This combined company suffered losses during the 1930s.  Later, a bomb destroyed the manufacturing premises on 5 October 1944.  In 1957 the company stopped manufacturing normal locomotives and start to concentrate on tracking machines (ballast tampers).

The Windhoff company was first listed on the stock exchange in 1993.
On 19 December 2001, the main company was declared bankrupt and the industrial plant and railway engineering divisions being taken over on 1 March 2002, to become part of Georgsmarienhütte Holdings GmbH. The Windhoff division, as  (Windhoff Railway- and Equipment Technology) continues to supply specialist railway vehicles and infrastructure with a team of around 250 people.  The company is an approved railway contractor for in the United Kingdom, Sweden and Norway.

Products
Windhoff manufactures specialised rail vehicles including the diesel freight multiple unit the CargoSprinter, and the Windhoff MPV, used for infrastructure and service trains, as well as electric and diesel shunting machines, shunting locomotives, and stationary shunting equipment. The company also manufactures a wide variety of rail service equipment including lifting equipment, traversers and turntables and equipment for wheelset maintenance including wheel and bogie drop machines, and wheelset and bogie measuring equipment.

Windhoff has a contract to supply Network Rail with a factory train which will be used by Amey plc in the Great Western electrification project.

The company also manufactures equipment for heavy industrial plants, including steel-works equipment such as ladle transporters and tippers, torpedo wagons (in association with IAG-MAGNUM), and machinery for steel coil handling.

References

External links

, company website

Rolling stock manufacturers of Germany
Incremental funding methodology. The Incremental Funding Methodology (IFM) is an ROI-informed approach to software development in which software is developed and delivered in carefully prioritized chunks of customer valued functionality. These chunks are known as Minimum Marketable Features (MMFs).

IFM integrates traditional software engineering activities with financially informed project management strategies. IFM heuristics provide clarity into important metrics such as project level NPV, ROI, initial start-up investment costs, and time needed for a project to reach self-funding status. It enables developers, customers, and business stakeholders to answer critical questions related to the development and delivery of a product and to optimize strategies accordingly.

In short, IFM equips developers and project managers with techniques and principles for increasing the financial returns of a software project and for identifying development schedules that make a project financially feasible.

See also 
 Minimum viable product

Further reading

Software engineering costs
Nikhil Koratkar. Nikhil Koratkar is the John A. Clark and Edward T. Crossan Endowed Chair Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute who has pursued research into one-dimensional (i.e., carbon nanotube) and two-dimensional (i.e., graphene, transition metal dichalcogenide and phosphorene) materials and devices.  In 2010, he was appointed Editor of the Elsevier journal CARBON.

He has a bachelor’s in aerospace engineering (1995) from the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, a master’s in aerospace engineering (1998) and a doctorate in aerospace engineering (2000), both from the University of Maryland, College Park.

After receiving his doctorate degree, Koratkar joined the faculty of the Mechanical Engineering Department at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 2001 as an assistant professor. He was promoted to associate professor in 2006 and to full professor in 2009. In 2011, Koratkar was also appointed a full professor in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at Rensselaer. In 2012, Koratkar was appointed the John A. Clark and Edward T. Crossan Endowed Chair Professor at RPI.

He was named a Fellow of the American Physical Society in 2023, "for distinguished contributions to nanoscale science and technology, including the discovery of partial van der Waals transparency in graphene, and for pioneering the use of nanostructured materials in composites and energy storage devices".

References

External links
 Professor Koratkar's personal page at RPI
 Professor Koratkar's google scholar page

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute faculty
IIT Bombay alumni
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Fellows of the American Physical Society
General Motors Research Laboratories. General Motors Research Laboratories are the part of General Motors responsible for creation of the first known operating system (GM-NAA I/O) in 1955 and contributed to the first mechanical heart, the Dodrill-GMR, successfully used while performing open heart surgery.

See also
Multiple Console Time Sharing System

References

External links
General Motors Research Laboratories site. Domain is one of the first .com domains.

General Motors subsidiaries
Saturation vapor curve. In thermodynamics, the saturation vapor curve is the curve separating the two-phase state and the superheated  vapor state in the T–s diagram (temperature–entropy diagram).

The saturated liquid curve is the curve separating the subcooled liquid state and the two-phase state in the T–s diagram.

When used in a power cycle, the fluid expansion depends strongly on the nature of this saturation curve:

A "wet" fluid shows a negative saturation vapor curve. If overheating before the expansion is limited, a two-phase state is obtained at the end of the expansion.

An "isentropic" fluid shows a vertical saturation vapor curve. It remains very close to the saturated vapor state after an hypothetical isentropic expansion.

A "dry" fluid shows a positive saturation vapor curve. It is in dry vapor state at the end of the expansion, and strongly overheated.

See also
Phase diagram
Working fluid
Working fluid selection

References

Thermodynamics
Gases
Phases of matter
PACT (compiler). PACT was a series of compilers for the IBM 701 and IBM 704 scientific computers. Their development was conducted jointly by IBM and a committee of customers starting in 1954. PACT I was developed for the 701, and PACT IA for the 704. The emphasis in that early generation of compilers was minimization of the memory footprint, because memory was a very expensive resource at the time. The word "compiler" was not in widespread use at the time, so most of the 1956 papers described it as an "(automatic) coding system", although the word compiler was also used in some papers.

See also 
 Speedcoding, an interpreter for the 701
 FORTRAN
 KOMPILER
 SHARE

References

External links 
 

IBM software
PowerDEVS. PowerDEVS [BK011] is a general purpose software tool for DEVS  modeling and simulation oriented to the simulation of hybrid systems.  The environment allows   defining atomic DEVS models in C++ language that can be then graphically coupled in hierarchical block diagrams to create more complex systems.

It is developed at Universidad Nacional de Rosario (Argentina) by Ernesto Kofman, Federico Bergero, Gustavo Migoni, Enrique Hansen, Joaquín Fernandez,  Marcelo Lapadula and Esteban Pagliero.

The distribution is totally free.

References 
 [CK06] 
 [Zeigler76] 
 [BK11]

External links 
 PowerDEVS project at SourceForge
 PowerDEVS project at GitHub
 Dr. Kofman's Laboratory for System Dynamics and Signal Processing at Universidad Nacional de Rosario

Automata (computation)
Formal specification languages
Simulation software
SAP NetWeaver Portal. SAP NetWeaver Portal is one of the building blocks in the SAP NetWeaver architecture. With a Web Browser, users can begin work once they have been authenticated in the portal which offers a single point of access to information, enterprise applications, and services both inside and outside an organization. The portal provides access to business processes and information, social collaboration and content management across various consumption channels.

Development
Following the SAP strategy, SAP NetWeaver Portal is also available on mobile devices. It is also planned to consume on demand and cloud portal services leveraging services of the in-memory computation engine (HANA).

Authentication
SAP NetWeaver Portal allows different forms of authentication:
 username and password
 SAP Logon Tickets
 Assertion Ticket
 X.509 certificates (i.e., Single Sign-On) via Secure Network Communications or Secure Sockets Layer
 Client Certificate

Criticism

Analyst firm Real Story Group chronicled SAP Portal's slow embrace of Web 2.0 technologies, such as wikis.  Real Story Group customer research also compared NetWeaver Portal somewhat unfavorably to competing offerings.

See also
X.509
SAP Logon Ticket
Single Sign-On
Secure Network Communications
Secure Sockets Layer
SAP

References

Web portals
Portal
JPTS. Jet Propellant Thermally Stable (JPTS) is a jet fuel originally developed in 1956 for the Lockheed U-2 reconnaissance aircraft.

History

Because of tight security restrictions enforced during the U-2's development, batches of fuel that were delivered to the aircraft's engine manufacturer were initially labeled LF-1.

In 1956, a year after the U-2's first flight, a USAF Captain assigned to the Fuels Branch was instructed to buy a tank car load of LF-1 and have it shipped to an engine manufacturer. Not knowing what LF-1 was, he obtained a sample, had it analyzed, and determined that it was paraffinic kerosene, a fluid commonly known as charcoal lighter fluid (hence LF-1).  

Specification MIL-T-25524 was later written to include an additive for improving JPTS' thermal oxidative stability.

Properties

JPTS has a flash point of 43 °C (110 °F), a freezing point of -53 °C (-64 °F) and flammability limits of 1 and 6 %. It has an appearance of a water-white clear liquid with specific gravity of 0.816. It is insoluble in water. It is composed of a complex mixture of petroleum hydrocarbons.

JPTS has a lower freeze point, lower viscosity, and higher thermal stability than standard aviation fuels. The fuel's low viscosity is needed to overcome the risk of it freezing in the low temperatures encountered during flight at high altitudes. JPTS also serves as coolant of engines and aerodynamically heated surfaces. 

As the fuel flow to the U-2's engines at cruise altitudes is about sixteen times lower than at sea level, the dwell time over hot surfaces is longer and increases the chances of thermal breakdown; JTPS's high thermal stability is therefore desired to avoid coking and deposition of varnishes in the piping.

JPTS is a specialty fuel and is produced by only two oil refineries in the United States. As such, it has limited worldwide availability and costs over three times the per-gallon price of the Air Force's primary jet fuel, JP-8. Research is under way to find a cheaper and easier alternative involving additives to generally used jet fuels. A JP-8 based alternative, JP-8+100LT, is being considered. JP-8+100 has increased thermal stability by 100 degrees F more than stock JP8, and is only 0.5 cents per gallon more expensive; low temperature additives can be blended to this stock to add the desired cold performance.

References

See also
 JP-4
 JP-6
 JP-7
 JP-8
 Aviation fuel

Aviation fuels
Apollo (1906 automobile). The Apollo was made by the  of Waukegan, Illinois, from 1906 to 1907. The only model produced was a five-seater with a Roi-des-Belges body. Power came from a water-cooled four-cylinder engine by way of a three-speed transmission and shaft drive.

Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States
History of Illinois
Cars introduced in 1906
Companies based in Lake County, Illinois
Manufacturing companies based in Illinois
Cars discontinued in 1907
Vickers Type 559. The Vickers Type 559 was a supersonic interceptor aircraft design by the British aircraft company Vickers-Armstrongs and was their submission for Operational Requirement F.155 in 1955.

It was not accepted for further consideration; the most valued submissions being from Armstrong Whitworth and Fairey, however the F.155 requirement was dropped as a result of the 1957 Defence White Paper.

Design and development
The Type 559 was an unorthodox canard design with a massive chin air intake, split vertically, for two reheated de Havilland Gyron engines of  thrust each, placed one above the other, similar to the English Electric Lightning. Two de Havilland Spectre Junior rockets were situated, one each side of the fuselage at wing level. Two Red Hebe or Blue Jay missiles were mounted alongside the upper part of the fuselage between the canard and the mainplane, which had endplates incorporating twin rudders.

Specifications

Notes

References

 Andrews, C.F. and E.B. Morgan. Supermarine Aircraft since 1914. London:Putnam, 1987. .
 Butler, Tony. "Futile Rivals: F.155T - The Quest for "An Ultimate in Interceptors"". Air Enthusiast, No. 61, January/February 1996. Stamford, UK:Key Publishing. . pp. 65–73.
 Buttler, Tony. British Secret Projects: Jet Fighters Since 1950. Leicester, UK: Midland Publishing, 2000, .

External links

 Type 559 page at VickersSupermarine.org.uk

Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United Kingdom
Delta-wing aircraft
1950s British fighter aircraft
Type 559
Canard aircraft
Twinjets
Mixed-power aircraft
Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear
SED Systems. SED Systems is a communications company supplying both systems and services to the satellite industry.  Originating in 1965, SED is located in the Innovation Place Research Park on the University of Saskatchewan campus. As an operating division of the Calian Group Ltd., SED employs approximately 280 employees and annually achieves sales of over 80 million dollars.

SED serves an international market that includes government defense departments, space organizations as well as commercial customers such as Boeing Satellite Systems, Hughes Network Systems, Inmarsat and Sirius XM Satellite Radio.
 
Between 2001 and 2013, SED Systems provided the European Space Agency (ESA) with 3 deep-space antennas, the New Norcia Station, Australia (DSA 1), the Cebreros Station, Spain (DSA 2), and Malargüe Station, Argentina (DSA 3). These are some of the largest antennas in the world, spanning 35 meters, allowing the ESA to track missions such as Rosetta (spacecraft) and the Philae (spacecraft) landing on comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko in 2014.

Canada played an active role in the research and development of the International Space Station (ISS) with endeavors such as the  Mobile Servicing System (MSS). SED Systems was a part of the Mobile Servicing System program developed the Shuttle Remote Manipulator System (SRMS), or Canadarm 2. The Canadarm 1 was developed by a team led by Spar Aerospace Special Products and Advance Research Division of De Havilland Canada, in which SED Systems also played a key role.

History 
The University of Saskatchewan's Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies came together with university scientists and researchers such as Dr. Alex Kavadas to form the Space Engineering Division or SED Systems.  The first project was Black Brant (rocket) instrumentation design and construction for studying the upper atmosphere.

References

Manufacturing companies of Canada
University of Saskatchewan
Companies based in Saskatoon
Manufacturing companies established in 1965
Engineer Corps. Several military services have combat engineer service corps:

 Canadian Military Engineers
 Indian Army Corps of Engineers
 Indonesian Army Corps of Engineers
 Irish Army Engineer Corps
 Israeli Engineering Corps
 Pakistan Army Corps of Engineers
 Royal Australian Engineers
 Royal Engineers (British Army)
 United States Army Corps of Engineers
 Rapid Engineer Deployable Heavy Operational Repair Squadron Engineers (United States Air Force)
 Naval Facilities Engineering Command (United States Navy)
 Seabee (United States Navy)

See also
Corps of Engineers (disambiguation)
Planar lightwave circuit interferometer. An interferometer is an optical measuring device using the principle of light waves canceling and reinforcing each other. Interferometers are typically used to accurately measure distances. Planar lightwave circuits are either optical integrated circuits (ICs) or optical circuit boards made using the same manufacturing techniques as their electronic counterparts, using optical waveguides to route photons the same way that metal traces are used to route electrons in electronic ICs and circuit boards. A planar lightwave circuit interferometer (PLCI) is a planar lightwave circuit configured as an interferometer. PLCIs can take on any form which is rigidly printable, e.g. Mach-Zehnder, Michelson, Young's interferometer, etc. PLCIs are often found in products that are mass-produced, such as multiplexers/demultiplexers used in communications technology.

See also
List of types of interferometers

References

Interferometers
Argon (1908 automobile). The Argon was an English automobile made by Grannaway Engineering Co, Earls Court, London S.W. in 1908. It was a fairly large touring car using a 25 hp 6-cylinder Coventry-Simplex engine. It was priced at 750 pounds. In 1905, the company was said to be planning a car deemed the Grannaway, but it is not clear whether this ever came to fruition.

Cars introduced in 1908
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of England
Motor vehicle manufacturers based in London
STEX. Space Technology Experiments, or STEX, also known as NRO Launch 8 or NROL-8, was an experimental National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) satellite built by Lockheed Martin. It was launched on 3 October 1998. One of the experiments was ATEx (Advanced Tether Experiment), which was deployed on 22 January 1999, and subsequently jettisoned.

ATEx

The Advanced Tether Experiment (ATEx), was a follow on to the TiPS experiment, designed and built by the Naval Center for Space Technology, flown as one of the experiments on STEX. ATEx had two end masses connected by a polyethylene tether that was intended to deploy to a length of 6 km, and was intended to test a new space tether deployment scheme, new tether material, active control, and survivability. ATEx was deployed on 16 January 1999 and ended 18 minutes later after deploying only 22 m of tether. The jettison was triggered by an automatic protection system designed to save STEX if the tether began to stray from its expected departure angle, which was ultimately caused by excessive slack tether. As a result of the deployment failure, none of the desired ATEx goals were achieved. ATEx is now tracked as a separate object as USA 141 or COSPAR ID 1998-055C.

References

External links

 STEX at Gunter's Space Page

Spacecraft launched in 1998
Satellites of the United States
Occasionally connected computing. Occasionally connected computing (OCC) is a term used in computing for an architecture or framework which permits running some aspects of a web application when not connected to the Internet.  This is sometimes a feature of a Rich Internet application (RIA).

Software architecture
Occasionally connected computing is a software architecture based on the idea that an end user should be able to continue working with an internet application even when temporarily disconnected or when a wireless connection fails or is otherwise unavailable.  OCC has been seen as one aspect of 'pervasive computing'.  In the past, audio and visual telephony no longer functioned when a connection was lost. In an OCC architecture, tasks continue and update a central data store when a connection is restored.  Client-side persistent data (CSPD), while not permanent data as in a central data store, is a common implementation of an OCC framework on non-handheld devices such as personal and laptop computers.  As the local data stored on PDAs commonly exceeds several Gigabytes, OCC becomes more viable for handheld devices.

OCC frameworks and implementations
In the case of the Curl language an alternate URI scheme is used to identify a resource which is to be used for OCC.  Where a normal HTTP URL might be
 {url "http://www.your-office.com/your-site.php" }
an OCC URI could be
 {url "curl://occ/reconnect-as-needed" }
Such a URI redirects to the web when connected and to the local store when disconnected.
The Smalltalk language is a special case because of the ability to save the bytecode image at run time.
The possibilities using the REBOL 2.x runtime environment lie somewhere between Smalltalk and Curl 5.0 but may be extended with the release of REBOL 3.0 which is projected for late 2008 (a public alpha began in Jan 2008.)

See also 
 Curl (programming language) and the Surge RTE for OCC
 REBOL as an OCC platform
 Seaside for Smalltalk thinner client for OCC
 Rich Internet application (RIA)
 Ubiquitous computing
 HTTP as a stateless protocol
 REST which is a computing architecture style which eschews CSPD

References

External links 
 Adobe whitepaper
 Curl as a language designed with CSPD for OCC
 Rebol model of 'both-sides' computing
 OCC architecture
 Intel on OCC
 Occasionally Connected Systems Architecture – a blog post by Udi Dahan

Software architecture