omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Skliar Aqua Glider. 

The Skliar Aqua Glider or Explorer was a small glider aircraft designed and built in the United States in 1959 and subsequently marketed for homebuilding. Designed by USAF Lt Col Bill Skliar and built by him and a troop of Air Explorers, it was a pontoon-equipped biplane intended to be towed behind a speedboat. Using a tow-rope of between 150 and 400 ft (45 and 120 m), the glider could reach a maximum altitude of 70% the length of the rope when the speedboat reached 35 mph (55 km/h). At this point, the rope would be released, and the glider would return to land on the water.

Later modifications replaced the pontoons with landing skids fashioned from automobile leaf springs, and the addition of twin McCulloch MC70 engines driving a common propeller in an unsuccessful attempt to motorise the aircraft. The prototype was later donated to the EAA AirVenture Museum.

Specifications (prototype)

References

 
 
 AirVenture Museum website

1950s United States sport aircraft
Glider aircraft
Floatplanes
Homebuilt aircraft
Aqua Glider
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1959
Supermarine Sea Lion III. The Supermarine Sea Lion III was a British racing flying boat built by the Supermarine Aviation Works. Designed by Reginald Mitchell, it was a modification of Supermarine's Supermarine Sea Lion II. It was powered by a  Napier Lion engine.

Sea Lion III was entered for the 1923 Schneider Trophy contest at Cowes. Supermarine's test pilot Henry Biard flew the aircraft and managed third place, reaching a speed of . The performance of the Sea Lion III led to Supermarine designing seaplanes instead of flying boats as racers.

Development
The British aircraft company Supermarine Aviation Works competed in the 1922 Schneider Trophy race for seaplanes and flying boats with a self-funded entry, in contrast to the Italian and French entries, which were sponsored by their respective governments. The entry was a modification of their Sea King II fighter, a single-seat biplane amphibian powered by a  Hispano Suiza engine in pusher configuration that had first flown in 1921. The aircraft was designed at the company's works at Woolston, Southampton by Supermarine's chief designer and chief engineer, Reginald Mitchell, who incorporated a  Napier Lion engine loaned by Napier.

1923 Schneider Trophy race

The Sea Lion II was flown by Henry Biard, who won the race at an average speed of , The victory was the first post-World War I success by a British aircraft in an international competition

For the 1923 Schneider Race, which was held at Cowes on the Isle of Wight, the Sea Lion II was re-engined with a  Napier Lion and renamed as the Sea Lion III. Mitchell modified the hull so as to reduce drag forces, and he gave the aircraft two bay wings and a larger rudder area. He expected the Sea Lion III to attain speeds in excess of ; the aircraft managed third place behind the American Curtiss CR-3 seaplanes, reaching a speed of . Supermarine's managing director Hubert Scott-Paine said after the trophy was won by the Americans:

The British defeat caused Supermarine to abandon using outclassed flying boats as racers, in favour of seaplanes. The Sea Lion III was transferred to the Royal Air Force in 1923.

Operators

Royal Air Force
Supermarine Aviation Works

Specifications (Sea Lion II)

References

Sources

 
 
 
 
 

Sea Lion III
1920s British sport aircraft
Schneider Trophy
Flying boats
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1923
Locomotives of the North British Railway. The North British Railway was opened in 1846 as the line from Edinburgh to Berwick-upon-Tweed, and its workshops were initially situated in St. Margarets, Edinburgh. Gradually other railways were acquired, including in 1865 the Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway, whose works at Cowlairs, Glasgow were better than that at St. Margarets, which were reduced to repairs only and all production moved to Cowlairs.

As is customary, engine classes are organized according to the man who was locomotive superintendent when the class was introduced, and to whom the design is often attributed. The NBR was rather unfortunate in its choice of locomotive superintendents, the first five of whom were sacked or forced to resign either for alleged incompetence or financial scandals.

The NBR's locomotive classification system (introduced in 1913) is not very helpful because the same letter has been applied to several different classes.  The North British Railway Study Group has developed its own classification system and a list can be found here.

These are not complete lists, as most engines acquired second-hand and from absorbed companies are not included.

Robert Thornton (1846–51)

William Smith (1851–54)
No new locomotives were built during his term of office.

Edmund George Petrie (1854)
No new locomotives were built during his term of office.

William Hurst (1855–66)
Hurst came from the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway, to which he returned after being sacked from the NBR.

There were many variations within the classes listed here, both as built and after subsequent rebuilding.

Thomas Wheatley (1867–74)

Dugald Drummond (1874–82)

Matthew Holmes (1882–1903)

William Paton Reid (1903–19)
NBL (the North British Locomotive Company) was a private locomotive manufacturer, distinct from the North British Railway.

Walter Chalmers (1919–22) 
All previous incumbents were known as Locomotive Superintendent. Chalmers held the same position, but with the title changed to Chief Mechanical Engineer.

There were no new locomotive designs during the incumbency of Walter Chalmers as Chief Mechanical Engineer. Two new NBR H class locomotives were built under his supervision. Although these were not his design, he had drawn the designs under the direction of W P Reid, having been Chief Draughtsman (the deputy to the Locomotive Superintendent) of the NBR whilst Reid was Locomotive Superintendent.

Locomotive nicknames
As with most companies, certain classes of locomotive from the North British Railway were commonly known by distinctive names or nicknames, rather than their official class designations. The following is a guide to these nicknames, with links to articles about the respective locomotive types.

Preserved locomotives

External links

Locomotives of the LNER

References

 

 
!North British
British railway-related lists
North British Railway
North British Railway
North British Railway
Peter B. Armentrout. Peter B. Armentrout (born 1953) is a researcher in thermochemistry, kinetics, and dynamics of simple and complex chemical reactions.  He is a Chemistry Professor at the University of Utah.

Career
Armentrout received his B.S. degree from Case Western Reserve University in 1975 and earned his Ph.D. from the California Institute of Technology in 1980.  During these studies he determined that much of the published information on thermodynamic states was not reliable, or was presented in differing formats.  When he became a research professor he used this frustration as motivation to invent and construct the guided ion-beam tandem mass spectrometer, which provided highly accurate thermodynamic measurements.  With this instrument in hand, he went on to invent or improve tools to analyze those measurements, including advanced computer algorithms.  He has published much data on the properties of transition metals, and has worked most recently on the thermodynamic properties of biological systems.

Awards 
 1984–1989 National Science Foundation Presidential Young Investigator Award
 2001 Biemann Medal
 Case Western Chemistry Department - Outstanding Alumnus of the Year
 American Chemical Society Utah Section - Award of Chemistry
 Member of Phi Kappa Phi Honor Society
 2009 American Chemical Society – Award for Outstanding Achievement in Mass Spectrometry

References

21st-century American chemists
Mass spectrometrists
California Institute of Technology alumni
Case Western Reserve University alumni
Living people
University of Utah faculty
1953 births
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Pirkle's alcohol. Pirkle's alcohol is an off-white, crystalline solid that is stable at room temperature when protected from light and oxygen. This chiral molecule is typically used, in nonracemic form, as a chiral shift reagent in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, in order to simultaneously determine absolute configuration and enantiomeric purity of other chiral molecules. The molecule is named after William H. Pirkle, Professor of Chemistry at the University of Illinois whose group reported its synthesis and its application as a chiral shift reagent.

Synthesis
Pirkle's alcohol is synthesized by trifluoroacetylation of anthracene, to yield trifluoromethyl 9-anthryl ketone. Trifluoromethyl 9-anthryl ketone may be reduced with a chiral hydride reagent prepared from lithium aluminium hydride and (4S,5S)-(–)-2-ethyl-4-hydroxymethyl-5-phenyl-2-oxazoline to generate Pirkle's alcohol with R absolute configuration. Alternatively, trifluoromethyl 9-anthryl ketone may be reduced with sodium borohydride to generate racemic Pirkle's alcohol. The enantiomers are then derivatized to diastereomeric carbamates using enantioenriched 1-(1-Naphthyl)ethyl isocyanate (also developed by Pirkle). These diastereomers may be separated by column chromatography and hydrolyzed to obtain each enantiomer of Pirkle's alcohol in enantiopure form.

Application
The determination of enantiomeric purity and absolute configuration is frequently necessary in organic synthesis. Pirkle's alcohol is applied to obtain this information by NMR spectroscopy. When Pirkle's alcohol is in solution with an ensemble of chiral molecules, short-lived diastereomeric solvates may be formed from Pirkle's alcohol and the enantiomers of the analyte. Enantiomorphic protons of the analyte enantiomers, which without Pirkle's alcohol are indistinguishable by NMR, become diastereomorphic when the analyte interacts with Pirkle's alcohol, and appear as different signals in an NMR spectrum. The relative magnitude of the signals quantitatively reveals the enantiomeric purity of the analyte. Also, a model of the solvated complex may be used to deduce absolute configuration of an enantioenriched analyte.

See also
 Mosher's acid
  9-Anthracenemethanol

References

Stereochemistry
Secondary alcohols
Trifluoromethyl compounds
Anthracenes
REP 1. The Esnault-Pelterie R.E.P. 1 and the R.E.P. 2 were experimental aircraft built and flown in France in the early twentieth century by Robert Esnault-Pelterie. These aircraft are historically significant because they were the first to employ a joystick as their main flight control.

R.E.P. 1 

The REP 1 was a  single-seat tractor configuration monoplane  powered by a  seven-cylinder two-row semi-radial engine driving a four-bladed propeller with aluminium blades rivetted to steel tubes.  The fuselage was made largely of steel tubing covered in varnished silk and the wings of wood.  An elongated triangular fixed horizontal stabiliser was mounted on top of the rear fuselage with a rectangular elevator mounted on the trailing edge, and a fixed fin and rudder were mounted under the fuselage.  Lateral control was effected by wing-warping. The  main landing gear consisted of a single centrally mounted wheel mounted on a pneumatic damper, with a small tailwheel mounted on the rudder. Large outrigger wheels were fitted to the tips of the wings, which featured marked anhedral. 
Esnault-Pelterie began testing the R.E.P. 1 in September 1907, initially flying the aircraft as a glider before attempting powered flights. Throughout October, these flights became increasingly successful.

The R.E.P. 1 is preserved at the Musée des Arts et Métiers in Paris.

R.E.P. 2 

The R.E.P. 2 differed from the R.E.P. 1 in having a slightly different undercarriage (of the same general arrangement)  in addition to a large ventral balanced rudder.

Tests with the R.E.P. 2 commenced in June 1908, and on 8 June a flight of  was made, reaching an altitude of 30 m (100 ft), setting a height and distance record for monoplanes. The aircraft was then  modified by the addition of a trapezoidal dorsal fin, to create the R.E.P. bis. In this form, piloted by M. Châteaux, it won the third Ae.C.F. prize for a flight of over 200 metres on 21 November 1908, with an officially observed flight of . It was then exhibited at the Paris Aero Salon in December 1908 and at the Aero Show at Olympia in London in 1909.  It was entered for the Grande Semaine d'Aviation in Reims in August 1909, but Esnault-Pelterie did not compete there owing to an injury to his hand.

Specifications (R.E.P. 1)

Notes

References
 Gibbs-Smith, C. H. Aviation. London: NMSI, 2003 .
 Opdycke. Leonard E. French Aeroplanes before the Great War. Atglen, PA: Schiffer, 1999 
 Taylor, M. J. H. Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. London: Studio Editions, 1989 p. 351
 World Aircraft Information Files.  London: Bright Star, File 893 Sheet 06

1900s French experimental aircraft
REP aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1907
Aircraft first flown in 1908
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Ignacio Rodríguez Iturbe. Ignacio Rodríguez Iturbe (8 March 1942 – 28 September 2022) was a Venezuelan hydrologist who was a professor at Texas A&M University.

Biography 
Rodríguez Iturbe was born in Maracaibo, Zulia State in 1942. He graduated from the University of Zulia as a civil engineer and did graduate studies at Caltech, earning his PhD at Colorado State University in 1967. 

Rodríguez Iturbe taught at many universities, including the University of Zulia, MIT, Texas A&M, Princeton University and the University of Iowa. He also taught for 20 years at Simon Bolivar University.

Rodríguez Iturbe was a member of the US National Committee for the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis from 2004. In 2008, he received a special recognition from the World Cultural Council.

Rodríguez Iturbe died on 28 September 2022, at the age of 80.

Honors
 1988 - Elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 1988 for innovations in the analysis, synthesis, and sampling of hydrologic signals, and for inspirational leadership in hydrologic research and education.
 1998 - Awarded the Robert E. Horton Medal
 2002 - Awarded the Stockholm Water Prize for his role in developing the science of hydrology
 2009 - Awarded the William Bowie Medal.
 2010 - Awarded the Creativity Prize of the Prince Sultan bin Abdulaziz International Prize for Water, along with Andrea Rinaldo, for developing the field of Ecohydrology.
 2010 - Elected a member of the United States National Academy of Sciences.
 2010 - Appointed by Pope Benedict XVI to the Pontifical Academy of Sciences

References

External links
Curriculum vitae at Princeton University
Ignacio Rodríguez 
“Hay que prever nuevos sistemas de almacenaje, porque seguirá la sequía”. Interview for La Gaceta de los Negocios (Spanish)

1942 births
2022 deaths
Opus Dei members
American hydrologists
American people of Venezuelan descent
Members of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences
Academic staff of Simón Bolívar University (Venezuela)
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Academic staff of the University of Zulia
People from Maracaibo
Ashton Windmill. Ashton windmill is a tower mill in Chapel Allerton, Somerset, England. Its tower is over  high with stone walls that are  thick. The sails are  across and used to be covered with canvas. The last millstones were  across and the millstones used to grind wheat for flour and beans for cattle food.

The first mill on the site was medieval, but the present structure probably dates from the 18th century. It was modernised in 1900 with machinery brought from the demolished Moorlinch mill, and iron hoops around the building being added. It was restored in 1967. The mill has been designated by English Heritage as a grade II* listed building.

It is now preserved, having been given to Bristol City Museum in 1966 and is owned by Sedgemoor District Council, and maintained by volunteers.

In 2008 the council applied for listed building planning consent to undertake major restoration work on the windmill, including replacement of the stone steps, installation of hand rails, guard rails and safety bars, alterations to the window shutters and replacement of the sail frames with wood laminate.

In 2010 Sedgemoor Council decided it could no longer afford to maintain the windmill and has appealed for an independent group of trustees to take on the responsibility for the building.

References

External links
Ashton Windmill at Sedgemoor District Council
Ashton Windmill feature, which won CBA Young Archaeologist of the Year Award in 2006 for its author.

Museums in Somerset
Mill museums in England
Windmills in Somerset
Grade II* listed buildings in Sedgemoor
Tower mills in the United Kingdom
Grinding mills in the United Kingdom
Grade II* listed windmills
Jean-Baptiste de Voglie. Jean-Baptiste de Voglie (1723/24 – October 1777), born Jean Bentivoglio was an Italian road and bridge engineer.

Career 
Descended from the Ferrara branch of the Bentivoglio, Jean de Voglie entered the Corps of Bridges and Roads in France in 1742 and was appointed under-engineer to Jean-Rodolphe Perronet at Alençon. He was made inspector-general in 1773. He was placed in charge of construction of the bridge at Tours was given to him on the death of Mathieu Bayeux (born 1723).

De Voglie designed and built the bridge at Saumur, though for an unknown reason this bears the name of his collaborator Louis-Alexandre de Cessart.

Perronet's designated successor as first engineer and director, de Voglie died prematurely of illness before he could succeed him. The architect François-Michel Lecreulx (1729–1812) (de Voglie's longtime boss at Saumur) said of him that "No one possessed a great spirit of conciliation in business than he did; no one was more intelligent in combining under all the faces nor more proper in seizing the convenient moment for his success. He brought together indefatigable activity with a singular facility for its use."

De Voglie wrote an article on bridge construction for Denis Diderot's and Jean le Rond d'Alembert's Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers, and they also relied on his memory for the volumes on planks.

References 

 Mémoires de la Société archéologique de l’Orléanais, Orléans, H. Herluison, t. 29, 1905, p. 462-3.

1720s births
1777 deaths
Bridge engineers
Italian engineers
French engineers
Contributors to the Encyclopédie (1751–1772)
18th-century French male writers
People from the Papal States
DKW F9. The DKW F9 was the prototype of a car Auto Union intended to launch as a successor to the DKW F8. 

The small DKWs were among top selling small cars in Germany in the 1930s, and regular model updates were part of the company's strategy for maintaining commercial success in this growing market sector.   With its all steel body designed by Guenther Mickwausch the F9 would have represented a significantly greater step forward than the F8 had done:  it appears that the F9 was already under development in 1937, two years before launch of its F8 predecessor. Several prototypes were built during the 1939–1942 period.

A Cd factor of 0.42 was claimed for the new design and the look of the car was significantly smoother than the 1930s DKW designs.   For the first time, a three cylinder engine was specified, implying useful performance advantages.   In other respects, DKW traditions were respected.   The engine was still a two stroke unit, and the driven wheels were still the front wheels.   The chassis was still of box frame construction.

Had the war not intervened it is believed that the F9 would have replaced the F8 in 1940.   In the event, production of the F8 Meisterklasse was prolonged until 1942 when passenger car production at Zwickau came to an end.

However, after the war the car reappeared as the IFA F9 and was offered for sale by the Zwickau plant's new controllers between 1949 and 1956.   In the west of Germany Auto Union's successor company started off with two cylinder products that in many ways owed more to the old F8 than to the F9, but with the introduction in 1953 of the DKW F91 the western business, too, offered its own development of this innovative pre-war prototype.

Sources and further reading

F9
Compact cars
Front-wheel-drive vehicles
1930s cars
Sborgite. Sborgite is a sodium borate mineral with formula Na[B5O6(OH)4]·3H2O. The formula can be written as the oxide formulation, Na2O.5B2O3.10H2O. Sometimes called sodium pentaborate pentahydrate it contains the pentaborate anion, (B5O6(OH)4)−.

Sborgite is colorless with monoclinic crystals. It was named for Umberto Sborgi, (1883–1955), Professor of Chemistry, University of Milan, Italy. Sborgite occurs in Tuscany, Italy and the Furnace Creek district, Death Valley, California, US.

See also
List of minerals

References

sborgite
 webmineral.com

Sodium minerals
Nesoborates
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 15
Taliworks. Taliworks Corporation Berhad () is a Malaysian public utilities conglomerate. It is a member of LGB Group. Taliworks Corporation is involved in water treatment, waste management, highway concession and construction. Taliworks holds a 21-year concession rights for the operation and management of the Tianjin Panlou Life Waste Transfer Station, in Tianjin, China. Taliworks' research and technology arm has a production facility that produces CK21 bacteria, which is used for water and wastewater sludge treatment in China. The company is listed on Bursa Malaysia (). The company has also purchased a controlling stake in highway operator Grand Saga Sdn Bhd for 107.8 million ringgit, or roughly 31 million USD.

Profile 
Taliworks Corporation Berhad is listed on the Main Market of the Malaysia Securities Exchange Berhad (Bursa Malaysia) under the Trading/Services Sector (Name and Code: TALIWRK  ().
Taliworks Corporation Berhad is engaged in the management, operation and maintenance of water treatment, waste management, highway concession and construction.

Services 
It has multiple segments:.
water, which is engaged in the management, operations and maintenance of water treatment plants and water distribution systems
investment holding, which involves investment holding and dormant companies;
construction, which is engaged in the design, construction and supervision of water supply works under a turnkey contract,
waste management, which provides management, operation and maintenance of waste management services and technical services relating to waste management.
Highway, which is engaged in the management and operation of the Cheras-Kajang Highway concession (Grand Saga Sdn Bhd) which expires in year 2027.
Taliworks has also secured a 21-year concession rights for the operation and maintenance of Tianjin Panlou Life Waste Transfer Station in China.
Taliworks Analytical Laboratory is certified with MS ISO/IEC 17025:2005.

References

External links 
Taliworks enters into agreement with Puresino International 
ISO/IEC 17025 Resource Center 
Key Developments - Taliworks 

Companies listed on Bursa Malaysia
1987 establishments in Malaysia
Companies established in 1987