omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Green Wheel. The Green Wheel is an  network of cycleways, footpaths, and bridleways in Peterborough, England. Designed as part of a sustainable transport system for the city, it was created as a project by the Millennium Commission.

The name Green Wheel alludes to the circular nature of the major part of the path, which encircles Peterborough, with cycle route "spokes" leading from this perimeter, which passes through several peripheral settlements around Peterborough, into the city centre, allowing easy transport around the network, much of which required no new construction, instead using or improving already existing cycle routes or roads. The only major new construction for the project was a curved cycle bridge over the River Nene near Whittlesey, from where the path can be accessed northwards towards Flag Fen, into the city centre, or southwards towards the Ortons. The network is fully signposted. Additionally, three circular pipe tunnels were constructed near Etton village to allow the Green Wheel route to pass underneath the A15.

The project also encourages recreational use and has created a sculpture trail, which provides functional, landscape artworks along the Green Wheel route and a ‘Living Landmarks’ project involving the local community in the creation of local landscape features such as mini woodlands, ponds and hedgerows.

The project cost £11 million and was 50% funded by the National Lottery through the Millennium Commission and has also won many awards, including a RIBA award for Architecture in 2003.

See also

National Cycle Network

References

Transport in Peterborough
Cycleways in England
2000 establishments in England
Sustainable transport
James Trane. James Alex Trane (April 29, 1857 – January 24, 1936) was a Norwegian-American inventor and industrialist. He was the co-founder of Trane.

Biography
James Alex Trane was born as Jens Alexander Martin Trane in Målselv, Norway. He was an immigrant to the United States who settled in La Crosse, Wisconsin in 1864, finding work as a steamfitter and plumber. In 1885, he opened his own plumbing shop.

Besides being a steamfitter and a plumber, James Trane was also an inventor. He designed a new type of low-pressure steam heating system, Trane vapor heating. Reuben Trane, James' son, earned a Mechanical Engineering degree (B.S. 1910) at the University of Wisconsin–Madison and joined his father's plumbing firm.

In 1913, James and Reuben incorporated The Trane Company. By 1916, the Tranes were no longer in the plumbing business, but rather were focusing their attention on manufacturing heating products.

In 1925, Reuben Trane invented a new type of heat transfer device known as the convector radiator.  It consisted of a new style of heat exchanger in a sheet metal cabinet—a highly efficient, lightweight replacement for the bulky, slow-responding castiron radiator. In 1931, The Trane Company developed its first air conditioning unit, the Trane unit cooler, and in 1938 its first centrifugal refrigeration machine, the Turbovac.

References

External links
Trane official website

1857 births
1936 deaths
People from Tromsø
People from La Crosse, Wisconsin
Norwegian emigrants to the United States
19th-century American inventors
20th-century American inventors
American industrialists
American company founders
American business executives
Ingersoll Rand people
Nicolas Clément. Nicolas Clément (12 January 1779 – 21 November 1841) was a French physicist and chemist. 

He was a colleague of Charles Desormes, with whom he conducted the Clément-Desormes experiment. The two chemists are also credited with determining an accurate value of gamma in the gas law (see Equation of state) that relates the heat capacity of air when expanded at constant pressure vs. constant temperature.  They also conducted research on iodine and played a role in determining that it was an element.  This research eventually led others to invent the process of photography, and Clément-Desormes is recognized as a contributor in the early history of that industry.  Among their accomplishments was establishing a value for absolute zero.

Marriage
Clément married Desormes' daughter and adopted the family surname as Clément-Desormes.

Career
Professor Clément held one of the first chairs in chemistry at the Conservatoire des Arts et Metiers in Paris.  He taught a course in industrial chemistry that emphasized the thermodynamics of steam in relation to powering steam engines. In about 1819, he befriended Sadi Carnot, and the two men developed methods for calculating the maximum amount of energy that could be obtained from a kg of coal.  Clément and Carnot clearly understood the concept of a Mechanical equivalent of heat, and developed formulae for calculating energy efficiency almost 20 years before Mayer  and Joule's work on this subject in the 1840s. Evidence concerning the connection between Clément and Carnot is summarized in a book by the historian, Robert Fox. and in an article on the history of the calorie.

Clément was the first man known to define and utilize the Calorie as a unit of heat.  The definition was published in the journal, Le Producteur, in 1824.  His calorie was a kg-calorie (modern kcal), and his definition entered French dictionaries as early as 1842.  One of his lasting influences was to help the calorie enter the international lexicon.  It was defined as heating a kg of water by 1 degree C until about 1929, but was superseded when a committee of the British Academy of Sciences proposed the g-calorie as an alternate unit of energy (with the newly defined joule taking precedence).  This marked the beginning of "calorie confusion" because the kilocalorie had to be introduced as a unit in the m-kg-s system.  Thus, the reason that U.S. food labels describe food energy in calories can be traced to Nicolas Clément-Desormes' lectures of 1819–1824.

Clément-Desormes was a successful young industrialist who was owner or partner in several chemical companies, including one that made sugar from beets.  He was sought after as an industrial consultant.  Some speculate that his sudden death was brought on by a business disagreement concerning payments that were owed to him for successful introduction of a profitable process.

References

See also
Gas laws
Iodine
Calorie
:Category:Thermodynamics

19th-century French physicists
19th-century French chemists
1779 births
1841 deaths
Scientists from Dijon
Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
French fluid dynamicists
École nationale supérieure de chimie, de biologie et de physique. The École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux or ENSCPB (or "CPB" in common parlance) - which can be translated as Graduate School of Chemistry and Physics of Bordeaux - is one of the French "grandes écoles", whose main purpose is to form chemical and physical engineers (with a level "bac+5"). It is located on the campus of the University of Bordeaux 1, in the town of Pessac, close to the famous city of Bordeaux.

In 2009, the school merged with the "Institut des sciences et techniques des aliments de Bordeaux" (or "ISTAB") and is now called "Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, de Biologie et de Physique" (or ENSCBP). Different schooling are proposed in the school, the two biggest being the engineering programs in Chemistry and Physics (or "Formation CP") and in Food Science (or "Formation BA"). The students mostly go abroad for at least 5 months during their 3-year study program, and obtain an Engineering School Diploma, equivalent of a master's degree in Engineering.

External links 
 Official website

Bordeaux
Synthesizer (disambiguation). A synthesizer or synthesiser is a collection of electronic devices that modify or manipulate an electronically generated musical tone or sound source.

Synthesizer or synthesiser may also refer to:
Frequency synthesizer, an electronic system for generating any of a range of frequencies from a single fixed timebase or oscillator 
Video synthesizer, a device that electronically creates a video signal
Speech synthesizer, an electronic device or computer program that produces human-like speech
Synthesizer, a 2007 album by Information Society
"Synthesizer", a 1998 song by Outkast from Aquemini
"Synthesizer", a 2003 song by Electric Six from Fire
"Synthesizer", a 2010 song by Mike Posner from 31 Minutes to Takeoff

See also
Synthesis (disambiguation)
Synthesizer Patel, a character in Look Around You played by Sanjeev Kohli
Customer engineer. A customer engineer (CE) is a worker  whose primary job scope is to provide a service to customers who have signed a contract with the company. Originally, the term was used by IBM, but now customer engineer is also being used by other companies.

About
Customer engineers are also referred to as customer support engineers or customer service engineers. Most customer engineers provide corporate technical assistance which includes debugging mainframe computers and developing outdated products. Customer engineers need to keep up to date on the latest technical developments in their company's customers. Part of their job description requires servicing special equipment that has broken down or seemingly run its course. Many of the engineers are asked to repair specific equipment and others focus on just helping clients. The role of customer engineer has spread to other companies in different industries such as technology, aviation, and telecommunications. Customer engineers are in charge of repairing large-scale networking problems.

IBM customer engineer (IBM CE)
Originally simply engineer, those who specialized in servicing IBM equipment in use by its customers were designated customer engineers by Tom Watson circa 1942. 

Based on the requirements, an IBM CE could be a Field CE and service many customers around a defined territory, e.g.: Kuala Lumpur, or they could be based at the place of business of a particularly large customer and service only that one customer e.g.: Tenaga Nasional.

NCR customer engineer (NCR CE)
The title of CE or customer engineer is used by National Cash Register (NCR) to designate specially trained personnel who are charged with the installation, maintenance and repair of equipment and systems according to contracts with end users. They can be charged with service of either point of sales (POS) systems or with ATM machines.

References

Engineering occupations
Computing terminology
SynthEdit. SynthEdit is a modular audio plugin development environment which uses a visual editor. First conceived in 1987 by programmer Jeff McClintock and initially distributed in 1999, it was officially released in 2005.

Along with Native Instruments' Reaktor and the closely related FlowStone (previously known as SynthMaker) by DSPRobotics, SynthEdit has been recognised as one of the few tools for independent synthesizer development that don't require traditional programming like JUCE, and the only visual programming environment with 64-bit VST 3 support.

Overview 
SynthEdit provides a GUI editing system and a full MIDI interface for hardware controllers. It can export projects as VST plugins, allowing creations to be used as instruments and effects inside of most DAWs and on macOS, where SynthEdit isn't available.

Interface 
Below a toolbar containing a switch (stylised as a green power button) to start and stop the audio engine, SynthEdit's interface is divided into three vertical sections: a left panel containing a list of modules, a section for the detached visual editing windows in the middle, and a panel showing the highlighted modules' properties and values on the right. Any number of modules can be nested in an organised structure called a container, which will reveal its contents in another window upon being clicked, and any module can receive or send input of various types from other modules through colour-coded nodes.

Features

Modules 
The SynthEdit SDK is an accompanying tool that can be used for the development of extensions, known as external modules, using C++. These extensions interface directly with the program, appearing like stock modules within the program's visual environment.

Since its release, the SDK has allowed developers to release additional freeware and payware modules for use within SynthEdit, adding new features to the program like the ability to manipulate waveforms through Fourier transforms (typically used in digital signal processing as the basis of additive and wavetable synthesis engines), new filters and audio effects.

References

External links
SynthEdit - Official Website

Software synthesizers
Third engineer. A third engineer or second assistant engineer is a rank of engine officer who is part of the engine department on a ship.

The third engineer is usually in charge of boilers, auxiliary engines, condensate and feed systems, record keeping of chemicals onboard, lube oil tests, and is the third most senior engine officer on board.

The exact duties of this position will often depend upon the type of ship and arrangement of the engine department. On ships with steam propulsion plants the Second or Third is in charge of the boilers, combustion control, soot blowers, condensate and feed equipment, feed pumps, fuel, and condensers. On diesel and gas turbine propulsion plants the Third is in charge of auxiliary boilers, auxiliary engines.

Notable Second assistant engineers
 Raymond McKay
 Paul Hall (labor leader)

External links

Nautical terminology
Marine occupations
Transport occupations

ar:هندسة بحرية
de:Schiffsingenieur
hr:Brodostrojarstvo
pt:Oficial de máquinas
sv:Sjöingenjör
VerilogCSP. In integrated circuit design, VerilogCSP  is a set of macros added to Verilog HDL to support Communicating Sequential Processes (CSP) channel communications. These macros are intended to be used in designing digital asynchronous circuits. 
VerilogCSP also describes nonlinear pipelines and high-level channel timing properties, such as forward and backward latencies, minimum cycle time, and slack.

External links
 VerilogCSP Homepage

References

Hardware description languages
Edward H. Kaplan. Edward H. Kaplan is the William N. and Marie A. Beach Professor of Operations Research at the Yale School of Management, Professor of Public Health at the Yale School of Medicine, and Professor of Engineering in the Yale School of Engineering and Applied Science.

He won the  Lanchester Prize in 1994.

Kaplan was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2003 for the assessment of needle-exchange programs and for generally bringing engineering perspectives to the design of public health policies. He was also elected to the 2005 class of Fellows of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences.

References

External links
 Kaplan's entry with Yale University
 Brief biography with the Technion - Israel Institute of Technology

Yale School of Management faculty
Living people
Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science faculty
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Year of birth missing (living people)
Fellows of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences
Members of the National Academy of Medicine
SXI. SXI may refer to:

 Standex International, an American multinational manufacturer of food service equipment, engravings, engineering technologies, electronics and hydraulics
 Solar X-ray Imager, a full-disc X-ray telescope for the Sun
 St. Xavier's Institution, a boys school in Malaysia
 Sirri Island Airport (IATA code: SXI), Iran
 OpenOffice.org XML file format (sxi), used for presentations.
AGW. AGW may refer to:

 Anthropogenic global warming, overall warming of Earth's climate caused or produced by humans
 Actual gold weight, a measure used in gold bullion, coin or bar
 Agnew Airport (IATA: AGW), Queensland, Australia
 Access gateway, shorthand for multi-service access gateway (MSAG), a device used in telecommunications
 Argentine Great Western Railway
 Art Gallery of Windsor, Ontario, Canada
 Attorney General of Washington
 Attorney General of Wisconsin
 Attorney General of Wyoming
 Auditor General for Wales
 Avia (airline) (ICAO: AGW), a former airline Johannesburg, South Africa
 Kahua language (ISO 639-3: agw)
Abstraction (disambiguation). Abstraction is a process or result of generalization, removal of properties, or distancing of ideas from objects.

Abstraction may also refer to:

 Abstraction (art), art unconcerned with the literal depiction of things from the visible world
 Abstraction (computer science), a process of hiding details of implementation in programs and data
 Abstraction layer, an application of abstraction in computing
 Hardware abstraction, an abstraction layer on top of hardware
 Abstraction (linguistics), use of terms for concepts removed from the objects to which they were originally attached
 Abstraction (mathematics), a process of removing the dependence of a mathematical concept on real-world objects
 Hypostatic abstraction, a formal operation that transforms a predicate into a relation
 Lambda abstraction, a definition of an anonymous function that produces a valid term in lambda calculus
 Abstraction (sociology), a process of considering sociological concepts at a more theoretical level
 Nucleophilic abstraction, a nucleophilic attack which causes part or all of a ligand to be removed from a metal
 Water abstraction, the process of taking water from any source
 Abstracting electricity, the crime of diverting electricity around an electricity meter and/or using it without paying for it
 "Abstraction", a song by Sara Groves from her album Tell Me What You Know

See also
 Abstract (disambiguation)
 Abstracting service
 Abstract art, a movement in 20th-century Western art
PAMELA Project. The Process for Advanced Management of End-of-Life Aircraft (PAMELA) Project, initiated in 2006, is an enterprise set up by Airbus at Tarbes Airport in Southern France, with the aim of recycling aircraft parts. The project was initially supported by the European Commission; they later partnered with the waste management company SITA, Sogerma Services and EADS CCR.

Goal
The project's ultimate goal is protecting the environment. Instead of letting old passenger aircraft deteriorate in airport perimeters or in "boneyards", aircraft will be decommissioned and recycled.

Airbus estimates that more than 4,000 aircraft will finish active service between 2004 and 2023, a rate of over 200 aircraft per year, and that between 85% and 95% of their components can easily be recycled, reused, or otherwise recovered.

References

External links
 Aircraft end of life?(archive) airbus.com

Aviation organizations based in France
Environment of France
INS Sagardhwani (A74). INS Sagardhwani (A74) (Hindi : सागरध्वनि - Voice of the Sea) is a marine acoustic research ship (MARS) owned by the Naval Physical and Oceanographic Laboratory (NPOL), a DRDO laboratory and is maintained and operated by the Indian Navy, and based at Southern Naval Command, Kochi.

The ship was built by Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers, Kolkata, launched in May 1991, and commissioned in 1994. It is similar in design to the Sandhayak-class survey ships, but with the superstructure positioned amidships and a helipad forward. The vessel is designed to facilitate low noise and low vibration while carrying out acoustic programmes. It has floating floors for scientific laboratories, anti-vibration mountings for machinery and equipment, balloon launching container and wind weather radar to carry out those experiments. It is also equipped with VHF sets, marine radio and auto telephone exchange.

Internally, the ship has eight laboratories for various scientific disciplines, and a mini-operating theatre with medical staff. At the stern is handling equipment for mooring and retrieving oceanographic and acoustic buoys. It can accommodate up to 82 persons, including 16 scientists, and a crew of 8 officers and 58 sailors.

See also
List of active Indian Navy ships

References

External links

Auxiliary ships of the Indian Navy
Research vessels of India
Ships built in India
1991 ships
Departure function. In thermodynamics, a departure function is defined for any thermodynamic property as the difference between the property as computed for an ideal gas and the property of the species as it exists in the real world, for a specified temperature T and pressure P.  Common departure functions include those for enthalpy, entropy, and internal energy.

Departure functions are used to calculate real fluid extensive properties (i.e. properties which are computed as a difference between two states).  A departure function gives the difference between the real state, at a finite volume or non-zero pressure and temperature, and the ideal state, usually at zero pressure or infinite volume and temperature.

For example, to evaluate enthalpy change between two points h(v1,T1) and h(v2,T2) we first compute the enthalpy departure function between volume v1 and infinite volume at T = T1, then add to that the ideal gas enthalpy change due to the temperature change from T1 to T2, then subtract the departure function value between v2 and infinite volume.

Departure functions are computed by integrating a function which depends on an equation of state and its derivative.

General expressions 
General expressions for the enthalpy H, entropy S and Gibbs free energy G are given by

Departure functions for Peng–Robinson equation of state 

The Peng–Robinson equation of state relates the three interdependent state properties pressure P, temperature T, and molar volume Vm.  From the state properties (P, Vm, T), one may compute the departure function for enthalpy per mole (denoted h) and entropy per mole (s):

where  is defined in the Peng-Robinson equation of state, Tr is the reduced temperature, Pr is the reduced pressure, Z is the compressibility factor, and

Typically, one knows two of the three state properties (P, Vm, T), and must compute the third directly from the equation of state under consideration.  To calculate the third state property, it is necessary to know three constants for the species at hand: the critical temperature Tc, critical pressure Pc, and the acentric factor ω.  But once these constants are known, it is possible to evaluate all of the above expressions and hence determine the enthalpy and entropy departures.

References

Correlated terms
 Residual property (physics)

Thermodynamics
Fluid mechanics
Equations
Darwin Dam. The Darwin Dam is an offstream earthfill embankment saddle dam without a spillway, located in Western Tasmania, Australia. The impounded reservoir, also formed by Crotty Dam, is called Lake Burbury.

The dam was constructed in 1990 by the Hydro Electric Corporation (TAS) for the purpose of generating hydro-electric power via the John Butters Power Station.  It had been known during construction as the Andrew Divide Dam.

Features and location
The Darwin Dam, together with the Crotty Dam, are two major dams that form the headwaters for the King River Hydroelectric Power Development. The dam is located at the southern end of Lake Burbury, and holds the water for the lake.

The Darwin Dam wall, constructed with  of earth core, is  high and  long. At 100% capacity the dam wall holds back  of water. The surface area of Lake Burbury is  and the catchment area is . The dam wall does not have a spillway.

The dam draws its name from Mount Darwin, a peak located to the west of the dam wall. Both locations draw their names from the railway stopping place and the ghost town site of Darwin that was situated on the North Mount Lyell Railway between Gormanston and Kelly Basin.  It inundates the former Kelly Basin Road which was the subsequent name for the railway line formation.

In the 1910s the Mount Lyell Mining and Railway Company had investigated and surveyed a site very close to this dam for a proposed scheme.

See also

List of dams in Tasmania

References

Further reading
 
 

West Coast Range
Hydro Tasmania dams
Embankment dams
Infrastructure completed in 1990
Infrastructure in Tasmania
King River power development scheme