omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Lars Grimsrud. Lars Grimsrud is an aerospace engineer and  performance automobile enthusiast who has become a celebrity amongst owners of carbureted Chevrolet Corvettes and GM muscle cars for his skill at tuning their engines.
 
Lars  Grimsrud was born in Norway in 1932. He graduated in mechanical engineering at NUST in Trondheim in 1955. Between 1956 and 1958 he was a Fulbright scholarship recipient at the University of Washington in Seattle. He got an MA in Nuclear Engineering and a PhD in Medical Engineering. The PhD thesis dealt with the problem of creating an artificial kidney. In the early 1960 he was a lecturer and later a so-called research professor in mechanical engineering at the University of Washington. In 1966 he was appointed professor in thermodynamics at NUST. 

In the mid-1970s he bought a ranch in Idaho.

He makes a living in Aerospace Engineering and has a background in General Aviation. He was an instructor at the GM Training Center.

Grimsrud routinely travels from his home in Lafayette, Colorado, to hold technical seminars for ad hoc groups of Corvette forum members. He has been featured by The New York Times for his unique "Tuning for Beer" tuning tours and seminars, which have taken him to over a dozen cities in North America, and once to Europe.

Grimsrud was an original founder and president of the GTO Association of America (ref. Who's Who in the Midwest), and contributed technical articles as the editor of The Legend magazine. In addition to being in demand for these personal visits to groups of owners, who invite him to town for informal tuning sessions, he is widely quoted on hundreds of websites, has authored dozens of technical papers which are available at various websites on the Internet, and is also available to rebuild carburetors and distributors through the mail. His vehicles, work and technical articles have been featured by High Performance Pontiac Magazine, Musclecar Magazine, and by Musclecar Review.

References

External links
SVE Automotive Restoration
How to Install Your Chevy Distributor
How to Repair & Rebuild your Alternator
How to Adjust your Early C4 TPS and Idle Speed
How to Set Your Timing for Peak Performance 
Vacuum Ports: Manifold, Ported and Venturi Vacuum Explained

American automotive engineers
American people of Norwegian descent
American aerospace engineers
Living people
People from Lafayette, Colorado
Year of birth missing (living people)
Kaatialaite. Kaatialaite (Fe(H2AsO4)3·5H2O) is a  ferric arsenate mineral found in Finland.

References

External links 
Mindat.org - Kaatialaite
Handbook of Mineralogy - Kaatialaite

Arsenate minerals
Iron(III) minerals
Pentahydrate minerals
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 14
Agrellite. Agrellite (NaCa2Si4O10F) is a rare triclinic inosilicate mineral with four-periodic single chains of silica tetrahedra.

It is a white to grey translucent mineral, with a pearly luster and white streak. It has a Mohs hardness of 5.5 and a specific gravity of 2.8. Its type locality is the Kipawa Alkaline Complex, Quebec, Canada, where it occurs as tabular laths in pegmatite lenses. Other localities include Murmansk Oblast, Russia, Dara-i-Pioz Glacier, Tajikistan, and Saima Complex, Liaoning, China. Common associates at the type locality include zircon, eudialyte, vlasovite, miserite, mosandrite-(Ce), and calcite.

Agrellite displays pink fluorescence strongly under shortwave and weakly under longwave ultraviolet light. The fluorescent activator is dominantly Mn2+, with minor Eu2+, Sm3+, and Dy3+.

It is named in honor of Stuart Olof Agrell (1913–1996), a British mineralogist at Cambridge University.

See also
 List of minerals
 List of minerals named after people

References

Inosilicates
Triclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 2
Green Building XML. The Green Building XML schema  (gbXML) is an open schema developed to facilitate transfer of building data stored in Building Information Models (BIMs) to engineering analysis tools. It enables interoperability between BIM and building performance simulation, which is relevant to sustainable building design and operation. gbXML is being integrated into a range of Computer-aided design (CAD) software and engineering tools, supported by leading 3D BIM vendors. The streamlined workflow can transfer building properties to and from engineering analysis tools, which eliminates the duplicate model generation and allows a bidirectional information update.

gbXML is the underlying architecture of Autodesk's Green Building Studio commercial on-line energy analysis product, and is the main export option for energy analysis from their modeling products. It is often used for geometry data transformation, but the quality of exported models is not good. Lighting systems, Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems and internal loads are often manually created by engineers in engineering analysis tools.

Architecture 
gbXML is a hierarchy architecture made up of elements and attributes. Elements can have sub-elements, and attributes can help define the features of elements. Some attributes are necessary for building an element. For example, the gbXML tag, locating at the highest-level in the schema, must contain a campus element. Attributes of temperature unit and area unit are required to define the gbXML tag.

Elements 
Elements are components of a system. For example, Variable Air Volume (VAV) boxes are common components of a typical HVAC system. Defining a VAV box needs both the "HydronicLoop" tag and the "AirLoop" tag under the gbXML tag.

Attributes 
Attributes can help define the specialty of an element.

See also
Building information modeling (BIM)
Building performance simulation
 Green building
 XML schema

References

External links
Green Building XML (gbXML)

Industry-specific XML-based standards
Building engineering
Building information modeling
Learjet 55. The Learjet 55 "Longhorn" is an American business jet manufactured by Learjet.

Development and design
The Learjet 50 series was first announced at the 1977 Paris air show with larger cabins than the existing Learjets. The series was to have three variants, the Learjet 54, 55 and 56 but only the Learjet 55 was built. The Learjet 55 was a low-wing cantilever monoplane with NASA-developed winglets, which gave rise to the nickname Longhorn. The aircraft has a T-tail and is powered by two Garrett TFE731 turbofans mounted each side of the rear fuselage. It has a retractable tricycle landing gear and an enclosed cabin for up to ten passengers and a cockpit for the two crew. Construction of the Learjet 55 began in April 1978 after extensive testing and work on the wing design which came, initially, from the Learjet 25. The Learjet 55 first flew on 19 April 1979. The first production aircraft were produced starting 18 March 1981. 147 Learjet 55 aircraft were delivered.

By 2018, a Learjet 55 can be had for $1 million or less.

Variants
Learjet 54
Proposed 11-seat variant, not built.
Learjet 55
Production variant, 126 built.
Learjet 55B
1986 - Improved version with a glass cockpit, improved take-off performance and increased range, 8 built.
Learjet 55C
1987 - New rear underfuselage design, with Delta Fins to improve lateral Dutch roll stability, and reduce takeoff and landing speeds.
Learjet 55C/ER
Extended-range version of the Learjet 55C.
Learjet 55C/LR
Long-range version of the Learjet 55C, fitted with an extra tank, carrying an extra  of fuel in the tail cone.
Learjet 56
Proposed eight-seat version, not built.

Operators

 Servicios Aéreos Profesionales

Accidents and Incidents
 On 31 January 2025, Med Jets Flight 056, a Mexican-registered Learjet 55 operating as a air ambulance by a Scottsdale, Arizona-based Jet Rescue Air Ambulance with six people on board crashed near Roosevelt Mall in Philadelphia, at the intersection of Bustleton and Cottman Avenues, within 40 seconds after taking off from Atlantic Aviation at the Northeast Philadelphia Airport at 6:06 p.m. EST. The pediatric patient and her mother were en route to Tijuana International Airport in Mexico via Springfield-Branson National Airport, northwest of Springfield in Greene County, Missouri, after a medical procedure in a Philadelphia area facility.

Specifications

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links

55
1970s United States business aircraft
Twinjets
T-tail aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1979
Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear
SPEED2000. SPEED2000 is a software package designed for electromagnetic simulation for the analysis and design of high-speed electronic systems. It combines an electromagnetic field solver with circuit and transmission line simulations which allows it to compute dynamic electromagnetic interactions within integrated circuits.  SPEED2000 provides electrical analysis of integrated circuit (IC) packages and printed circuit boards (PCBs).  It is developed and marketed by Sigrity, Inc.

History
The algorithms on which SPEED2000 is based were initially developed by Dr. Jiayuan Fang (then associate professor of Electrical Engineering at Binghamton University) and his students. The electromagnetic simulation algorithms that he developed were 1000 times faster previous methods.

Dr. Fang patented the algorithms (see below) and founded a company called Sigrity, Inc. to further develop the software. He eventually left Binghamton University to work on his software full-time. The rights to the initial patents are owned by Binghamton University and the royalties provide funding for current research efforts at the university.

U.S. Patent 5,504,423 Method for modeling interactions in multilayered electronic packaging structures
U.S. Patent 5,566,083 Method for analyzing voltage fluctuations in multilayered electronic packaging structures

External links
Sigrity website
SPEED 2000 Product Page

References

Science software for Windows
Diacetone alcohol. Diacetone alcohol is an organic compound with the formula CH3C(O)CH2C(OH)(CH3)2, sometimes called DAA.  This colorless liquid is a common synthetic intermediate used for the preparation of other compounds, and is also used as a solvent.

Synthesis and reactions

First identified by Heintz, one standard laboratory preparation of DAA entails the Ba(OH)2-catalyzed condensation of two molecules of acetone.

It undergoes dehydration to give the α,β-unsaturated ketone called mesityl oxide. Hydrogenation of diacetone alcohol  gives hexylene glycol. Condensation with urea gives "diacetone-monourea", i.e. the heterocycle 3,4-dihydro-
4,4,6-trimethyl-2(1H)-pyrimidone.

Uses
Diacetone alcohol is used in cellulose ester lacquers, particularly of the brushing type, where it produces brilliant gloss and hard film and where its lack of odor is desirable. It is used in lacquer thinners, dopes, wood stains, wood preservatives and printing pastes; in coating compositions for paper and textiles; permanent markers; in making artificial silk and leather; in imitation gold leaf; in celluloid cements; as a preservative for animal tissue; in metal cleaning compounds; in the manufacture of photographic film; and in hydraulic brake fluids, where it is usually mixed with an equal volume of castor oil.

Safety
The  (oral, rats) is 4 g/kg.

References
6. Igor Eskendirov, etc. (1995) “Kinetics by Thermometry: An Aldol Condensation Reaction” 1995 . 91(6), 991-994
Tertiary alcohols
Aldols
Bridge 5827. Bridge 5827 is a historic arch bridge in Zumbro Falls, Minnesota, United States, built in 1938 by the Works Progress Administration using a modular corrugated iron product called Multi Plate.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Bridge No. 5827–Zumbro Falls in 1998 for having state-level significance in the theme of engineering.  It was nominated as an example of Minnesota's stone-faced Multi Plate bridges with particularly fine masonry.

History
Bridge 5827 is on Minnesota State Highway 60, 0.1 miles east of its intersection with U.S. Route 63.  This bridge was built by the Works Progress Administration (WPA) in 1938 for an approximate cost of $2000.  This bridge is an example of the labor-intensive New Deal work projects which promoted highway beautification and highlighted local craftsman skills and workmanship. The bridge is built on an Armco Culvert Manufacturers Association galvanized, corrugated-iron structure. Excellent masonry work covers the structure to result in a stoned-faced, multi-plate arch style bridge.  Other examples include the nearby Zumbro Parkway Bridge, and Bridge No. 90646 in Minneapolis.

See also
 List of bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Minnesota
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Wabasha County, Minnesota

References

External links
 Bridge 5827–Minnesota Department of Transportation

1938 establishments in Minnesota
Bridges completed in 1938
Buildings and structures in Wabasha County, Minnesota
National Register of Historic Places in Wabasha County, Minnesota
Road bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Minnesota
Transportation in Wabasha County, Minnesota
Works Progress Administration in Minnesota
Arch bridges in the United States
Iron bridges in the United States
Alarsite. Alarsite (AlAsO4) is an aluminium  arsenate mineral with its name derived from its composition: aluminium and arsenate. It occurs as brittle subhedral grains which exhibit trigonal symmetry. It has a Mohs hardness of 5-5.5 and a specific gravity of 3.32. It is semitransparent, colorless with pale yellow tints and shows a vitreous luster. It is optically uniaxial (+) with refractive indices of nω = 1.596 and nε = 1.608.

It was reported from fumaroles in the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Far Eastern Region, Russia. It occurs in association with fedotovite, klyuchevskite, lammerite, nabokoite, atlasovite, langbeinite, hematite and tenorite.

References 

Arsenate minerals
Aluminium minerals
Trigonal minerals
Minerals in space group 152 or 154
Geology of Russia
Cafetite. Cafetite is a rare titanium oxide mineral with formula ·.  It is named for its composition, Ca-Fe-Ti.

It was first described in 1959 for an occurrence in the Afrikanda Massif, Afrikanda, Kola Peninsula, Murmanskaja Oblast, Northern Region, Russia. It is also reported from the Khibiny and Kovdor massifs of the Kola Peninsula and from Meagher County, Montana, US.

It occurs in pegmatites in a pyroxenite intrusion as crystals in miarolitic cavities. It occurs associated with ilmenite, titaniferous magnetite, titanite, anatase, perovskite, baddeleyite, phlogopite, clinochlore and kassite.

References 

Oxide minerals
Titanium minerals
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 14
Mechanical bank. Mechanical banks are small containers with a decorative mechanical action, used to store coins. They were originally intended to promote saving money among children in the mid-19th century. Frequently made of cast iron, mechanical banks were often creatively designed, depicting historical, legendary or everyday events to increase their appeal. Each bank performed a stunt or an action when a coin was dropped into a slot and a lever was pulled. The banks quickly became popular with children and adults alike and soon became a sought-after collector's item.

See also 
 Piggy bank

References

Banks
Coins
Containers
Mechanical toys
Traditional toys
Scaif. A scaif is a polishing wheel infused with a mixture of olive oil and diamond dust used in the diamond cutting industry. It was invented in the late 15th century by Lodewyk van Bercken in Antwerp. 

With the scaif, it became possible to both polish and cut facets of the diamond symmetrically and with great precision, also allowing for more complex cuts to be made. This invention revolutionized the diamond cutting industry and, correspondingly, greatly increased the popularity of diamonds.

The scaif consists of a hard disk, parallel to the floor. The disk looks like and is rotated in the same way as a potter's wheel. On the top surface a film of olive oil and diamond dust is placed. Surrounding the disk is a circular frame to catch the oil that is spun off as the disk is rotated. 

Hovering just above the surface of the disk is a mechanical arm to hold the diamond. It can be finely adjusted, to move the diamond into the exact position needed for polishing the facets. As the facets are polished more diamond dust is produced, replenishing the supply.

See also 
Faceting machine

References

External links
The Diamond Invention. Chapter 11 by Edward Jay Epstein
Diamond cutting. Thank you, Lodewyk van Berken by Jeffrey Blancq. April 21, 2006 

Diamond cutting
Cutting tools
Belgian inventions
Jewellery making
Thermopause. The thermopause is the atmospheric boundary of Earth's energy system, located at the top of the thermosphere. The temperature of the thermopause could range from nearly absolute zero to .

Below this, the atmosphere is defined to be active on the insolation received, due to the increased presence of heavier gases such as monatomic oxygen.  The solar constant is thus expressed at the thermopause.  Beyond (above) this, the exosphere describes the thinnest remainder of atmospheric particles with large mean free path, mostly hydrogen and helium. As a lower boundary for the exosphere this boundary is also called the exobase.

The exact altitude varies by the energy inputs of location, time of day, solar flux, season, etc. and can be between  high at a given place and time because of these.  A portion of the magnetosphere dips below this layer as well.

Although these are all named layers of the atmosphere, the pressure is so negligible that the chiefly-used definitions of outer space are actually below this altitude.  Orbiting satellites do not experience significant atmospheric heating, but their orbits do decay over time, depending on orbit altitude.  Space missions such as the ISS, Space Shuttle, and Soyuz operate under this boundary.

See also

 Jet stream
 Maximum parcel level

References 

Atmospheric thermodynamics
Atmosphere
Atmospheric boundaries
Atmosphere of Earth
Peter Kiewit Institute. The Peter Kiewit Institute is a facility in Omaha, Nebraska, United States which houses academic programs from the University of Nebraska–Lincoln College of Engineering.

Founded in 1996 in partnership with the University of Nebraska–Lincoln, the University of Nebraska Omaha, and companies in the private sector, PKI's goal is "to help meet the needs of the nation's technology and engineering firms by providing a top-flight education to students interested in pursuing careers in information science, technology and engineering."

The Holland Computing Center, which houses the Firefly supercomputer, is located inside the institute.

Colleges
 College of Information Science and Technology – University of Nebraska at Omaha
 College of Engineering – University of Nebraska – Lincoln

Degrees offered

Information Science and Technology

From the University of Nebraska at Omaha:
Bachelor's
Computer Science
Management Information Systems
Bioinformatics
Cybersecurity
IT Innovation
Master's
Computer Science
Management Information Systems
Cybersecurity
PhD
Information Technology

Engineering

From the University of Nebraska-Lincoln:
 Architectural Engineering
 Civil Engineering
 Computer Engineering
 Construction Engineering
 Construction Management
 Electrical Engineering

References

External links
Peter Kiewit Institute website

University of Nebraska Omaha
Schools in Omaha, Nebraska
List of Japanese Army military engineer vehicles of World War II. This is a list of Japanese Army Military Engineer Vehicles during World War II. Included are diverse types of armored lumberjacks, mine clearing vehicles, engineering vehicles, construction and repair vehicles, recovery cranes and other materiel used by Imperial Japanese Army engineer units during World War II.

Engineer vehicles
 

Sōkō Sagyō Ki (SS-Ki) – multi-functional armored engineering support vehicle
SS Ko Gata
SS Otsu Gata
SS Hei Gata
SS Tei Gata
SS Bo Gata (Armored bridge layer)
Armored recovery vehicle "Se-Ri"
Armored lumberjack "Ho-K"
Lumber sweeper "Basso-Ki"
F B swamp vehicle
T B swamp scout vehicle
Type 94 repair vehicle
Type 95 crane vehicle "Ri-Ki"
Type 95 collapsible boat
Snowmobile "Yu-Ki" 
Amphibious Engineer vehicle "Na-Mi" 
Type 94 mobile workshop – consisted of a six-wheel freight car machine vehicle and a towed accompanying vehicle equipped with accessories, spare parts and materials.
Type 97 "pole planter" and Type 97 "cable layer"
Type 97 Mini engineer vehicle "Yi-Go" a/k/a Type 98 "Ya-I Go"
Type 97 "Chi-Yu" mine flail tank – fitted with 2 revolving drums with rows of chains mounted on glacis plates
Type 97 "mine clearing tank GS" – fitted with rocket launchers. A rocket would be launched with detonating cords affixed from its engine deck.
Type 97 tank with dozer blades – bulldozer style blade attached onto its front end, which could be detached for combat use of the tank
Type T-G "bridge layer" – Type 97 chassis with the turret removed; equipped with rollers, which support the "bridging span carrier
Type 4 work vehicle – designed for airfield construction, used the Type 2 light tank chassis
Experimental charge layer vehicle had a telescopic arm that was mounted on the turret. It was designed to carry a high explosive charge at the end of the extended arm.
Experimental obstacle clearance vehicle had a launcher mounted at the center of the tank chassis. The launcher had two torpedo type tubes from which the cylinder-shaped charges would be fired.
Experimental trench excavator vehicle – it had a trench digging plow in the stern section of the tracked vehicle
Small remote controlled demolition vehicle

Army engineer units
2nd Tank Division Engineer Unit
27th Independent Engineer Regiment 
12th Independent Engineer Regiment 
5th Independent Engineer Regiment
6th Div AIF (Airfield Engineers)
Airfield Construction Group No.5
Oil field Construction Group No.2
1st company of the 26th Independent Engineer Regiment
2nd Independent Engineer Company 
80th Independent Radio Platoon
2nd unit from the Oil well drilling Section of the 21st Field Ordnance Depot
1st Field Well Drilling Company
2nd Field Well Drilling Company
3rd Field Well Drilling Company
4th Field Well Drilling Company
48th Anchorage Headquarters
118th Land Duty Company
1st from the 11th Water Supply and Purification Unit
one platoon of the 12th Engineer Regiment

References
History of War.org
Taki's Imperial Japanese Army Page - Akira Takizawa

Military engineer vehicles
Japanese Army military engineer vehicles of World War II
World War II, military engineer vehicles
Bombing of Essen in World War II. During World War II, the German industrial town of Essen was a target of Allied strategic bombing.
The Krupp steelworks in particular was an important industrial target, but Essen in general was a "primary target" designated for area bombing by the February 1942 British Area bombing directive. As part of the campaign in 1943 known as the Battle of the Ruhr, Essen was a "regular target".

Large-scale night-time decoys were built, like the Krupp decoy site () that was a copy of the Krupp steel works in Essen designed to divert Allied airstrikes from the actual production site of the arms factory.

In the period 1939 to 1945 the Royal Air Force (RAF) dropped a total of 36,429 long tons of bombs on Essen.

Bombing

References

Bibliography

 March 1942, July 1942, August 1942, September 1942, October 1942, November 1942, December 1942, January 1943, February 1943, March 1943, April 1943

Further reading

External links
Al Murray's Road to Berlin, Episode 6, "examine[s] in detail the RAF’s efforts to destroy the German Krupp armament factories in Essen in the Ruhr Valley, and the raid of 23 October 1944"

History of Essen
Krupp
Essen
World War II strategic bombing of Germany
Essen