omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Aquastat. An aquastat is a device used in hydronic heating systems for controlling water temperature. To prevent the boiler from firing too frequently, aquastats have a high limit temperature and a low limit.  If the thermostat is calling for heat, the boiler will fire until the high limit is reached, then shut off (even if the thermostat is still calling for heat).  The boiler will re-fire if the boiler water temperature drops below a range around the high limit.  The high limit exists for the sake of efficiency and safety.  The boiler will also fire (regardless of thermostat state) when the boiler water temperature goes below a range around the low limit, ensuring that the boiler water temperature remains above a certain point.  The low limit is intended for tankless domestic hot water; it ensures that boiler water is always warm enough to heat the domestic hot water.  Many aquastats also have a differential (diff) control which determines the size of the range around the low and/or high controls.

References

Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
Plumbing
OEDN. OEDN is an OpenCable Application Platform (OCAP) EBIF Developer Network that was founded in October, 2007. It is an online developer network for the promotion of Interactive Television application and service development on digital cable television.  
 
The goal of the network is to support the emerging and long-term needs of software engineers and product teams who are building OCAP (tru2way) and EBIF applications. The goal is to run it not only on digital cable television, but also converged applications and services spanning mobile and broadband devices.

OEDN.net is a networked Community of Practice with a membership constituency drawn from cable companies, ITV application vendors, content providers, programming networks, advertisers, academic interactive media researchers and independent consultants.

References

External links 
 OpenCable Platform Developer Community within the Mobile & Embedded project on Java.net
 
 
 
 Sun Microsystems' Java TV

Cable television in the United States
Interactive television
Software developer communities
Saab 9-X Biohybrid. The Saab 9-X Biohybrid concept car was developed by Saab in 2008, and first shown at the Geneva Motor Show. It is based on the GM Delta platform, and was thought to give an idea of the cancelled Saab 9-1X.

It has keyless entry and small cameras instead of rear-view mirrors. On the roof, there is a solar panel, like in the Saab EV-1, for charging the battery, both when driving and when parked. The headlights are automatic. A front mounted camera detects if you meet another car.

The front of the car follows the design of the Saab Aero-X while the rear has a cut off look, similar to the Saab 9-X. It is powered by a direct injected, E85 flex fuel capable turbocharged inline four cylinder engine of 1.4 liters giving  at 5000 rpm and  at 1750-5000 rpm. Connected to the engine by a belt is GM's BAS+ hybrid system which can provide a boost up to 19 hp.

The engine is connected to a manual six speed gearbox with automatic clutch. 0–100 km/h (62 mph) is achieved in 7.9 seconds and it has a top speed of . It has four seats although the headroom in the rear is somewhat restricted. As the name suggests, it runs both regular gasoline and E85.

The fuel consumption (running on E85) is  and the tank to wheel CO2 emissions are 105 g/km. If driven faster than , the rear spoiler is extended and an underbody diffuser is deployed from the bottom of the rear bumper. When braking at speeds above , the spoiler acts like an air brake and also is used to increase the downforce of the car.

References

External links 

 https://web.archive.org/web/20080622211542/http://www.saab.com/main/GLOBAL/en/9X_biohybrid/index.shtml

9-X Biohybrid
Electric concept cars
Flexible-fuel vehicles
Extra EA-230. 

The Extra 230 was a single-seat aerobatic aircraft developed in Germany in the early 1980s. Designed by aerobatic pilot Walter Extra based on the layout of the Laser 200 he was previously flying, the Extra 230 was a conventional (if short-coupled) mid-wing cantilever monoplane with fixed tailwheel undercarriage and a wire-braced empennage. The fuselage and empennage were of steel tube construction, but the wings were wooden. Production continued until 1990, at which time it was replaced by the Extra 300

Specifications

References

 
 
 

1980s German sport aircraft
EA-230
Aerobatic aircraft
Mid-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1983
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
Fairchild 22. The Fairchild 22 Model C7 was an American two-seat touring or training monoplane designed and built by the Kreider-Reisner division of the Fairchild Aircraft Corporation at Hagerstown, Maryland. The aircraft has a parasol wing configuration and was used with a variety of engines; 127 were produced from 1931 to 1935.

The aircraft was tested with a variety of wing configurations and features by NACA.

Development
The aircraft was designed by George Hardman of Kreider-Reisner after Sherman Fairchild purchased the company. Marketed as the Fairchild 22 Model C7 the aircraft was certified in March 1931. The Fairchild 22 was a mixed-construction, braced parasol-wing monoplane with a fixed tailwheel landing gear and a braced tail unit. It had two tandem open cockpits and was initially powered by an 80 hp (60 kW) Armstrong Siddeley Genet radial engine. After test flying the prototype the first production aircraft were re-engined with a 75 hp (56 kW) Michigan Rover inverted inline engine. The aircraft was fitted with both inline and radial piston engines.

Variants
C7
Powered by a 75hp Michigan Rover four-cylinder inverted inline piston engine (13 built)
C7A
Powered by a 95hp Cirrus Hi-Drive four-cylinder inverted inline piston engine (58 built).
C7B
Powered by a 125hp Menasco C-4 Pirate four-cylinder inverted inline piston engine (eight built).

C7D
Powered by a 90hp Wright Gipsy four-cylinder upright inline piston engine (one C-7C and 22 C-7D built).
C7E
Powered by a 125hp Warner Scarab seven-cylinder radial piston engine (11 built).
C7F
Powered by a 145hp Warner Super Scarab seven-cylinder radial piston engine (nine built). 
C7G
Aerobatic version, powered by a 145hp Warner Super Scarab seven-cylinder radial piston engine (six built).

XR2K-1
Military designation for one Scarab powered Model 22 impressed into service and used by NACA.
NX14768
Experimentally designed wing added to the 1933 Fairchild 22 owned by Charles Townsend Ludington under the Ludington-Griswold Incorporated company, Saybrook, CT. Test flown in 1944, the wing had a series of flaps and wing tip fins. The design proved disappointing and the airplane was later sold.

NACA variants
NACA tested a variety of changes on the aircraft

Specifications (C7F)

Operators

Colombian Air Force

References

Notes

Bibliography

  (Part Work 1982–1985)

External links

 Flight Tests of an All-Movable Vertical Tail on the Fairchild XR2K-1 Airplane – NASA Technical Reports Server

1930s United States civil utility aircraft
22
Parasol-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1931
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Traxter XL. The Bombardier Traxter XL UTV was presented to the public in 2000, it was the first 4x4 UTV equipped with a dumping box-bed on the market. The 550 cc liquid cooled vehicle also introduced new features such as side storage bins on each footwell, side bars to avoid trees colliding with the rear wheels and an enormous 800 lb carrying capacity.

The 2000 Bombardier Traxter XL UTV

In 2002, John Deere introduced the 'John Deere Buck' which was basically a Traxter XL adapted to the John Deer colors. Production for both models was halted in 2006 due to low volume and reorientation in product line-ups of each company.

References

Bombardier Recreational Products
MET Matrix. A MET (Materials, Energy, and Toxicity) Matrix is an analysis tool used to evaluate various environmental impacts of a product over its life cycle.  The tool takes the form of a 3x3 matrix with descriptive text in each of its cells.  One dimension of the matrix is composed of a qualitative input-output model that examines environmental concerns related to the product's materials use, energy use, and toxicity.  The other dimension looks at the life cycle of the product through its production, use, and disposal phase.  The text in each cell corresponds to the intersection of two particular aspects.  For example, this means that by looking at certain cells, one can examine aspects such as energy use during the production phase, or levels of toxicity that may be a concern during the disposal phase.

References

Industrial ecology
Environmental impact assessment
Dispute systems design. Dispute Systems Design (DSD) involves the creation of a set of dispute resolution processes to help an organization, institution, nation-state, or other set of individuals better manage a particular conflict and/or a continuous stream or series of conflicts. For an article about systems for dealing with disputes within organizations see also complaint systems.

See also
 Conflict management

References
Carrie Menkel-Meadow, Roots and Inspirations: A Brief History of the Foundations of Dispute Resolution, The Handbook of Dispute Resolution, Michael L. Moffitt and Robert C. Bordone, eds., 13–31, (PON Books, 2005).

Further reading
 Lisa Blomgren Amsler, Janet K. Martínez, and Stephanie E. Smith, Dispute System Design: Preventing, Managing, and Resolving Conflict.  (Stanford University Press, 2020). 
 William Ury, Jeanne M. Brett, and Stephan B. Goldberg,Getting Disputes Resolved: Design Systems to Cut the Costs of Conflict. (PON Books, 1993).
 Cathy Costantino and Christina Sickles-Merchant,Designing Conflict Management Systems. (Jossey-Bass, 1996).
 Khalil Z. Shariff, Designing Institutions to Manage Conflict: Principles of the Problem Solving Organization, 8 Harv. Negot. L. Rev. 133, 133–57 (2003).

Additional resources
 Harvard Negotiation and Mediation Clinical Program at Harvard Law School
 Dispute Systems Design Symposium March 7-8, 2008 at Harvard Law School
 Conflict Resolution Forum at the University of Colorado
 Journal on Dispute Resolution Symposium 2008 at Ohio State
 Beyondintractability.org
 http://web.mit.edu/ombud/publications/ for many articles about complaint systems.

Dispute resolution
IT2. IT2 may refer to:

 It Takes Two (Australian TV series), 2000s musical talent show
 Information systems technician (United States Navy) second class (IT2), a type of petty officer second class in the United States Navy
 International tolerance grade 2 (IT2), an IT Grade on linear dimensions in engineering
 IT2, Barangaroo South, Barangaroo, New South Wales, Australia

See also

 
 IT (disambiguation)
 ITT (disambiguation)

 I2T

 LT2
Processing amplifier. Processing amplifier, commonly called ProcAmp, is used to alter, change or clean video or audio signal components or parameters in realtime.

Form factor

Broadcast professionals prefer to use hardware rack mountable ProcAmps that helps them make video broadcast safe by correcting video inconsistencies. They may also be chip-based, as part of other larger multi-purpose devices in professional environments.

Software ProcAmps are also available as code embedded in media players like Windows Media Player, VLC, KMPlayer, or in codecs like ffdshow. Software ProcAmps can process media either on the CPU or GPU.

Video ProcAmp

Video ProcAmps can be used for processing standard-definition 525/30 (NTSC) 625/25 (PAL) or high-definition video signals. ProcAmps can process video signals ranging from analog composite to SDI video signals.

Common ProcAmp Controls:

	Brightness (Luminance)
	Contrast (Gain)
	Saturation (Amplitude)
	Hue (Phase)

Common ProcAmp features:

       Regenerate sync and color burst
	Adjust sync amplitude
	Boost low light level video
	Reduce video wash out
	Chroma clipping

See also 

 Video processing
 Broadcast-safe

External links
 More information about TV standards

References

Broadcast engineering
Television technology
ITU-R recommendations
Universities Research Reactor. Universities Research Reactor, also known as Universities' Research Reactor or University Research Reactor, was a small Argonaut class nuclear research reactor in Risley, Warrington, England that went critical on 7 July 1964. It was jointly owned and operated by Manchester and Liverpool universities and used for performing neutron activation work and training reactor operators.

Design 
The reactor used highly enriched uranium metal fuel clad in aluminium. The fuel elements consisted of bundles of flat plates rather than rods. The core was cooled by light water.

The fuel elements were situated within six open-topped aluminium tanks containing water that were separated and surrounded by graphite. This meant that moderation was part by the water within the tanks and part by graphite - with graphite serving as the reflector.

Reactivity control was provided by four semaphore signal–type control blades held by magnetic clutches to shafts that could be driven by geared electric motors. The blades were made of cadmium plates riveted to aluminium blades. The insertion of a single blade was sufficient to shut down the fission chain reaction.

The simple control system did not use voting logic. Any detected fault resulted in an immediate scram. Power failure also produced an immediate scram as the magnetic clutches on the control blades would disengage, certain control instrumentation had battery back up support.

The heat generated by fission was carried away by the cooling water and disposed of outside the facility by means of a forced-draft cooling radiator. Due to the small size of the core and low burn up of the fuel, the disposal of fission product heating was not an issue.

The concrete shielding was penetrated by a number of holes enabling neutron beams to be obtained for the purpose of irradiating samples and several pipes that enabled samples in sample carriers to be inserted into the reactor and subsequently removed to the adjoining radiochemical laboratory for study.

Operations 
The construction works started in 1962 and went critical on 7 July 1964.

In later years the reactor was rated at 300 kW thermal however originally the output was 100 kW thermal.

A study was undertaken (around 1980) to investigate increasing the power to 1 MW thermal; however, this was deemed to be too difficult and the plans were abandoned.

Decommissioning 
Decommissioning work began in 1992 and was finished in 2006. The reactor fuel being reprocessed. The nuclear waste produced during the dismantling operations was moved to Sellafield for permanent storage.

References

 

Argonaut class reactor
Buildings and structures in Warrington
Buildings at the University of Manchester
Former nuclear research institutes
History of Warrington
Nuclear research institutes in the United Kingdom
Nuclear research reactors
Research institutes in Cheshire
University of Liverpool
Karem Aircraft. Karem Aircraft, Inc. is an American aerospace manufacturer company with offices in Lake Forest, California; York, Virginia; and Victorville, California, founded in 2004 by Abraham Karem as a rapid development firm specializing in advanced tiltrotor transport aircraft. Karem was the former chief designer for the Israeli Air Force — who built his first drone during 1973's Yom Kippur War — and has been described by The Economist as the man who "created the robotic plane that transformed the way modern warfare is waged — and continues to pioneer other airborne innovations". He emigrated to the United States in the late 1970s.

History
Under his previous company, Leading Systems Inc. (LSI), Karem led teams that developed the Amber and Gnat 750 (predecessors of the General Atomics MQ-1 Predator), unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems, as well as the A160 Hummingbird Optimum-Speed Rotor UAV, now a Boeing product.  Leading Systems has since gone bankrupt and was bought up by United States defense contractor General Atomics. The CIA secretly purchased five drones (now called the "Gnat") from them. Karem agreed to produce a quiet engine, which until then sounded like "a lawnmower in the sky". The new development was renamed the "Predator".

The Hummingbird was developed by Frontier Aircraft. In May 2004, the company was acquired by Boeing and integrated into Boeing Phantom Works and then into the Advanced Systems group of Boeing Integrated Defense Systems.

In early 2008, Karem Aircraft teamed with Lockheed Martin in offering Karem's Optimum Speed Tilt-Rotor (OSTR) design for the United States Department of Defense Joint Heavy Lift program.  In 2018, Karem Aircraft announced a partnership with Uber Air to develop a flying taxi.

In October 2019, Karem unveiled the Karem AR40 military helicopter for the Future Attack Reconnaissance Aircraft program.

Products
Frontier Aircraft
 Amber
 Gnat 750
 Boeing A160 Hummingbird

References

External links
 Karem Aircraft home page
 Optimum Speed Tilt Rotor OSTR on globalsecurity.org
 Joint Heavy Lift (JHL) on globalsecurity.org

Aerospace companies of the United States
Helicopter manufacturers of the United States
Abraham Karem. Abraham Karem (born 1937) is a designer of fixed and rotary-wing unmanned aircraft. He is regarded as the founding father of UAV (drone) technology.

Biography
Abraham Karem was born in Baghdad, Iraq, to an Assyrian Jewish couple. His family moved to Israel in 1951, where he grew up. From an early age, he had an innate passion for aeronautics, and at the age of 14, he started building model aircraft. Karem is regarded as the founding father of UAV (drone) technology. He graduated as an aeronautical engineer from the Technion. He built his first drone during the Yom Kippur War for the Israeli Air Force. In the 1970s, he immigrated to the United States.

Engineering career
He founded Leading Systems Inc. in his home garage, where he started manufacturing his first drone, Albatross, and later on, the more sophisticated Amber, which eventually evolved into the famous General Atomics MQ-1 Predator drone, which brought him the title of "Drone father".

Karem has been described by The Economist magazine as the man who "created the robotic plane that transformed the way modern warfare is waged and continues to pioneer other airborne innovations". Leading Systems has since gone bankrupt and was bought up by the US defense contractor General Atomics, which employed Karem and his team for the development of ultra-high endurance UAVs. The new development resulted in the creation of the Predator, based on the previous model Amber.

Awards and recognition
In 2010, Karem was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering for the development of long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicles and variable rotor speed VTOL aircraft systems.

References

American aerospace engineers
American people of Iraqi-Jewish descent
Israeli aerospace engineers
Living people
People from Baghdad
1937 births
Advisory Council for Aeronautics Research in Europe. The Advisory Council for Aeronautics Research in Europe (ACARE) is a European advisory body that aims to improve the competitiveness and sustainability of the European Union in the field of aeronautics. It is a public-private partnership between the Directorate-General for Transport and Energy of the European Commission and industry leaders. ACARE was launched at the Paris Airshow in June 2001 and has about 40 members.

Overview
In the year 2000 the Belgian European Commissioner for Research, Innovation and Science, Philippe Busquin, invited a number of aviation industry leaders to produce a strategy detailing how the European Commission could help Europe's aviation industry become more competitive. This ‘Group of Personalities’ published ‘’European Aeronautics: A Vision for 2020’’ in January 2001. The document recommended the creation of ACARE, which would define the content of a long-term strategy to create a coherent European aviation research network. This network would bring together industry leaders, government actors from the member states of the European Union, and the European Commission.

Following the publication of ACARE's ‘’Strategic Research Agenda’’ , the Commission launched a number of aeronautical research bodies and initiatives as part of the 6th and 7th Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development and the Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme. Prominent examples of these include the  Clean Sky Joint Undertaking, a public-private partnership coordinating and funding research projects that aim to mitigate the environmental impact of aviation by developing more fuel-efficient technologies, and the SESAR Joint Undertaking, which aims to improve the efficiency of the European air traffic management system.

References

External links
 ACARE
 Clean Sky
 SESAR Joint Undertaking
 Creating Innovative Air transport Technologies for Europe

Aeronautics organizations
European Union and science and technology
International aviation organizations
Pan-European trade and professional organizations
Science and technology in Europe
Transport and the European Union
European Biofuels Technology Platform. The European Biofuels Technology Platform (BiofuelsTP) is a European Seventh Framework Programme initiative to improve the competitive situation of the European Union in the field of biofuel.

The programme is a joint initiative (Public-Private Partnership) of the European Commission, representing the European Communities, and the industry. The main objective of the programme is to produce a Strategic Research Agenda. The BiofuelsTP initiative was launched at a Conference in June 2006.

See also
 European Technology Platform

References
 Vision report
 Biofuels Technology Platform

External links
 European Biofuels Technology Platform 

Bioenergy organizations
Biofuels
European Union and science and technology
Science and technology in Europe
European Construction Technology Platform. The European Construction Technology Platform (ETCP) is a European Seventh Framework Programme initiative to improve the competitive situation of the European Union in the field of construction.

The programme is a joint initiative (Public-Private Partnership) of the European Commission, representing the European Communities, and the industry. The main objective of the program is to produce a Strategic Research Agenda. The initiative was launched on 12 July 2004.

See also
 European Technology Platform

References
 Vision 2030
 European Construction Technology Platform

External links
 European Construction Technology Platform

European Union and science and technology
Information technology organizations based in Europe
Science and technology in Europe