omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Bill Fernandez. Bill Fernandez is a user-interface architect and innovator who was Apple Computer's first full time employee when they incorporated in 1977 and was issued badge number 4. He is the son of  Jeryy  Fernandez and Bambi Fernandez (both Stanford University graduates).  He is credited with introducing fellow Homestead High School student Steve Jobs to his friend (and Homestead alumni) Steve Wozniak and developing schematics for the Apple II so the computer could be mass produced.

Career at Apple 
Fernandez worked on the Cream Soda Computer with Steve Wozniak in 1971, the first computer designed by Wozniak and built using spare parts from Wozniak's job. He would later join Apple and work on both the Apple I and Apple II personal computers, and in the 1980s was a member of the Apple Macintosh development team. He contributed to several user interface aspects of the classic Mac OS, QuickTime and HyperCard and owns a user interface patent granted in 1994. He was laid off from Apple in 1993.

Popular culture 

 Fernandez appeared in the 2011 documentary about Apple, One Last Thing.
 Fernandez is portrayed by the actor Victor Rasuk in the 2013 film Jobs.

References

External links
Apple's First Employee: The Remarkable Odyssey of Bill Fernandez by Jason Hiner

Fernandez Bill n°4
Living people
American computer businesspeople
21st-century American engineers
Apple II family
Year of birth missing (living people)
Homestead High School (California) alumni
List of road–rail tunnels. Road–rail tunnels are tunnels shared by road and rail lines, as an economy measure compared to constructing segregated tunnels. Road and rail may be provided with separate tubes.

China
Jiangyin Jingjiang Yangtze River Tunnel (under construction), S229 and Xicheng Intercity Rail Transit
Shanghai Yangtze River Parallel Tunnel, Shanghai Metro Chongming line and 4-lane road.
Wuhan Yangtze River road-railway Tunnel (Line 7 and Sanyang road-Qinyuan road), the first road-rail tunnel of Yangtze River built by tunnel-borning machine.

Denmark
Oresund Bridge (tunnel directly linked to a bridge)
 Fehmarn Belt Tunnel – construction began 2021

France
Montets tunnel, single tube shared by road and railway (used by road vehicles only when the pass road is closed because of snow)

Germany
 Fehmarn Sound tunnel, completion planned for 2028

Hong Kong
Eastern Harbour Crossing

Netherlands

Turkey
Great Istanbul Tunnel (proposed in 2015)

United States
Anton Anderson Memorial Tunnel, Alaska
Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel, Washington (until 2019)
Mount Washington Transit Tunnel, Pennsylvania

See also 
 List of road–rail bridges

References 

Road-rail tunnels
Road-rail tunnels
Road-rail
ITX. ITX may refer to:

 Isopropylthioxanthone, a chemical
 Information Technology eXtended, computer form factors:
 Mini-ITX
 Nano-ITX
 Pico-ITX
 Mobile-ITX
 Intercity Train eXpress, a group of Korail intercity services, South Korea

See also
 ITX-Cheongchun, a class of train
 ITX-Saemaeul, a class of train
Metal aromaticity. Metal aromaticity or metalloaromaticity is the concept of aromaticity, found in many organic compounds, extended to metals and metal-containing compounds. The first experimental evidence for the existence of aromaticity in metals was found in aluminium cluster compounds of the type  where M stands for lithium, sodium or copper. These anions can be generated in a helium gas by laser vaporization of an aluminium / lithium carbonate composite or a copper or sodium / aluminium alloy, separated and selected by mass spectrometry and analyzed by photoelectron spectroscopy. The evidence for aromaticity in these compounds is based on several considerations. Computational chemistry shows that these aluminium clusters consist of a tetranuclear  plane and a counterion at the apex of a square pyramid.  The  unit is perfectly planar and is not perturbed by the presence of the counterion or even the presence of two counterions in the neutral compound . In addition its HOMO is calculated to be a doubly occupied delocalized pi system making it obey Hückel's rule. Finally a match exists between the calculated values and the experimental photoelectron values for the energy required to remove the first 4 valence electrons. The first fully metal aromatic compound was a cyclogallane with a Ga32- core discovered by Gregory Robinson in 1995.

D-orbital aromaticity is found in trinuclear tungsten  and molybdenum  metal clusters generated by laser vaporization of the pure metals in the presence of oxygen in a helium stream. In these clusters the three metal centers are bridged by oxygen and each metal has two terminal oxygen atoms. The first signal in the photoelectron spectrum corresponds to the removal of the valence electron with the lowest energy in the anion to the neutral  compound. This energy turns out to be comparable to that of bulk tungsten trioxide and molybdenum trioxide. The photoelectric signal is also broad which suggests a large difference in conformation between the anion and the neutral species. Computational chemistry shows that the  anions and  dianions are ideal hexagons with identical metal-to-metal bond lengths. Tritantalum oxide clusters (Ta3O3−) also are observed to exhibit possible D-orbital aromaticity.

The molecules discussed thus far only exist diluted in the gas phase. A study exploring the properties of a compound formed in water from sodium molybdate () and iminodiacetic acid also revealed evidence of aromaticity, but this compound has actually been isolated. X-ray crystallography showed that the sodium atoms are arranged in layers of hexagonal clusters akin to pentacenes. The sodium-to-sodium bond lengths are unusually short (327 pm versus 380 pm in elemental sodium) and, like benzene, the ring is planar. In this compound each sodium atom has a distorted octahedral molecular geometry with coordination to molybdenum atoms and water molecules. The experimental evidence is supported by computed NICS aromaticity values.

See also

References

Cluster chemistry
Chemical bonding
Oracle Management Server. In relational database management systems and in the particular context of an Oracle Enterprise Manager (OEM) environment, an Oracle Management Server (OMS) is a software system that functions as a middle tier between Oracle intelligent agents and Oracle management consoles.  The system may operate on multiple nodes and by default uses a schema named DBSNMP.  Through this system, database administrators may view and control their OEM domain(s).

An OMS has special links with a repository database, used for storing OEM details.

References

External links
 of Oracle Enterprise Manager - Oracle Management Server
I

Oracle software
Akaganeite. Akaganeite, also written as the deprecated Akaganéite, is a chloride-containing iron(III) oxide-hydroxide mineral, formed by the weathering of pyrrhotite (Fe1−xS). 

Akaganeite is often described as the β phase of anhydrous ferric oxyhydroxide , but some chloride (or fluoride) ions are normally included in the structure, so a more accurate formula is .
Nickel may substitute for iron, yielding the more general formula 

Akaganeite has a metallic luster and a brownish yellow streak. Its crystal structure is monoclinic and similar to that of hollandite , characterised by the presence of tunnels parallel to the c-axis of the tetragonal lattice. These tunnels are partially occupied by chloride anions that give to the crystal its structural stability.

Occurrence
The mineral was discovered in the Akagane mine in Iwate, Japan, for which it is named. It was described by the Japanese mineralogist Matsuo Nambu in 1968, but named as early as 1961.

Akaganeite has also been found in widely dispersed locations around the world and in rocks from the Moon that were brought back during the Apollo Project. The occurrences in meteorites and the lunar sample are thought to have been produced by interaction with Earth's atmosphere.  It has been detected on Mars through orbital imaging spectroscopy.

See also
 List of minerals

References

External links
Mindat with locations
Webmineral
Weisstein

Iron(III) minerals
Chloride minerals
Oxide minerals
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 12
Minerals described in 1968
Tito Scaiano. Juan Cesar (Tito) Scaiano, OC, FRSC (born 1945) first came to Canada in 1975 as a visiting scientist with the National Research Council from Argentina. Returning to the NRC in 1979, he developed an innovative new program studying organic reaction intermediates using laser techniques. He then joined the University of Ottawa in 1991 as a professor of chemistry.

Current projects in the Scaiano Research Group include such diverse topics as fluorescent sensors, photolithography, persistent free radicals, and nanoparticles.

Since then he has won many national and international awards for his work in photochemistry. He was the first to use two lasers to follow photochemical changes in short-lived intermediates during a reaction which allows scientists to measure photochemical reactions.  He has won awards including the Premier's Platinum Medal for Research Excellence, which is one of the largest single research awards in the world, the Tory Medal, the Rutherford Memorial Medal, the Izaak-Walton-Killam Award, and the 2002 Gerhard Herzberg Canada Gold Medal for Science and Engineering. In 2020, he received the Nicholas J. Turro award.

In 2005 he was appointed an Officer of the Order of Canada. The citation reads:
Juan Scaiano is one of Canada's most eminent chemists. His work has shaped the field of physical organic chemistry over the last 25 years and its impact has extended to the pharmaceutical, microelectronics, and pulp and paper industries. A renowned expert in the field of photochemistry, he pioneered the use of lasers to study and measure organic reactions. A distinguished professor at the University of Ottawa and holder of the Canada Research Chair in Applied Photochemistry, he has been an inspiring teacher to students, nurturing their creative spirit and conveying to them a sense of community responsibility.

He is a member of the Centre for Research in Photonics at the University of Ottawa.
He also founded a company named Luzchem which builds and sells photochemistry equipment.

References

1945 births
Living people
Argentine chemists
Canadian chemists
Fellows of the Royal Society of Canada
Officers of the Order of Canada
Academic staff of the University of Ottawa
Place of birth missing (living people)
Canada Research Chairs
Mesolite. Mesolite is a tectosilicate mineral with formula Na2Ca2(Al2Si3O10)3·8H2O. It is a member of the zeolite group and is closely related to natrolite which it also resembles in appearance.

Mesolite crystallizes in the orthorhombic system and typically forms fibrous, acicular prismatic crystals or masses. Radiating sprays of needlelike crystals are not uncommon. It is vitreous in luster and clear to white in color. It has a Mohs hardness of 5 to 5.5 and a low specific gravity of 2.2 to 2.4. The refractive indices are nα=1.505 nβ=1.505 nγ=1.506.

Occurrence
It was first described in 1816 for an occurrence in the Cyclopean Islands near Catania, Sicily. From the Greek mesos, "middle", as its composition lies between natrolite and scolecite. Like other zeolites, mesolite occurs as void fillings in amygdaloidal basalt also in andesites and hydrothermal veins.

Images

References

Mineral Galleries

Sodium minerals
Calcium minerals
Aluminium minerals
Zeolites
Orthorhombic minerals
Minerals in space group 43
H-class lifeboat. H-class rescue hovercraft  serve the shores of the United Kingdom as a part of the RNLI inshore fleet. A modified Type 470TD design built by Griffon Hoverwork, they were developed to operate in tidal areas such as Morecambe Bay, where strandings by incoming tides can have fatal consequences; and in waters too shallow for normal craft.

Hovercraft were also assigned to three other stations, , , and . In 2016, the New Brighton Hovercraft H-005 Hurley Spirit was reassigned to .

In 2023, trials were carried out by the RNLI, assisted by the team at Hoylake station, to evaluate different crafts being considered as a potential successor to the current hovercraft.

Fleet

References

External links 
RNLI Fleet

Royal National Lifeboat Institution lifeboats
Hovercraft
Kronach Lorin. The Kronach Lorin was a small ramjet engine, for aircraft propulsion, that was statically tested in Vienna during the later stages of World War II. It was intended to be used in the German interceptor planes Lippisch P.13a and Lippisch P.13b.

It was initially proposed that a wire-mesh basket holding coal be mounted behind a nose air intake, protruding slightly into the airflow and ignited by a gas burner. Following wind-tunnel testing of the ramjet and the coal basket, modifications were incorporated to provide more efficient combustion. The coal was to take the form of  of small granules instead of irregular lumps, to produce a controlled and even burn, and the basket was altered to a mesh drum revolving on a vertical axis at 60 rpm. A jet of flame from tanks of bottled gas would fire into the basket once the P.13a had reached operating speed (above 320 km/h), whether by using a RATO unit or being towed. The air passing through the ramjet would take the gases from the burning coal towards the rear where they would mix under high pressure with clean air taken from a separate intake. The resulting mixture of gas would then be directed out through a rear nozzle to provide thrust. A burner and drum were built and tested successfully in Vienna by the design team before the end of the war. The theoretical flight time was 45 minutes.

Tested as a concept but never used in flight, the original idea was to produce an engine that could overcome fuel shortages and disruption, supplies of conventional fuels being in very short supply towards the end of World War 2.

References

  AEHS Lorin RamJet info

Further reading

Ramjet engines
Computer network programming. Computer network programming involves writing computer programs that enable processes to communicate with each other across a computer network.

Connection-oriented and connectionless communications 

Very generally, most of communications can be divided into connection-oriented, and connectionless. Whether a communication is connection-oriented or connectionless, is defined by the communication protocol, and not by . Examples of the connection-oriented protocols include  and , and examples of connectionless protocols include , "raw IP", and .

Clients and servers 

For connection-oriented communications, communication parties usually have different roles. One party is usually waiting for incoming connections; this party is usually referred to as "server". Another party is the one which initiates connection; this party is usually referred to as "client".

For connectionless communications, one party ("server") is usually waiting for an incoming packet, and another party ("client") is usually understood as the one which sends an unsolicited packet to "server".

Popular protocols and APIs 

Network programming traditionally covers different layers of OSI/ISO model (most of application-level programming belongs to L4 and up). The table below contains some examples of popular protocols belonging to different OSI/ISO layers, and popular APIs for them.

See also 

 Software-defined networking
Infrastructure as code
 Site reliability engineering
 DevOps

References 
 W. Richard Stevens: UNIX Network Programming, Volume 1, Second Edition: Networking APIs: Sockets and XTI, Prentice Hall, 1998, 

Computer networks engineering
Computer programming
Inter-process communication
Ceramic knife. A ceramic knife is a knife with a ceramic blade typically made from zirconium dioxide (ZrO2; also known as zirconia), rather than the steel used for most knives. Ceramic knife blades are usually produced through the dry-pressing and firing of powdered zirconia using solid-state sintering. The blades typically score 8.5 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness, compared to 4.5 for normal steel and 7.5 to 8 for hardened steel  and 10 for diamond. The resultant blade has a hard edge that stays sharp for much longer than conventional steel blades. However, the blade is brittle, subject to chipping, and will break rather than flex if twisted. The ceramic blade is sharpened by grinding the edges with a diamond-dust-coated grinding wheel.

Zirconium oxide 

Zirconium oxide is used due to the fact it  exists in several different forms. Zirconium can be monoclinic, tetragonal or cubic in form. Cooling to the monoclinic phase after sintering causes a large volume change, which often causes stress fractures in pure zirconia. Additives such as magnesia, calcia and yttria are used in manufacturing the knife material to stabilize the high-temperature phases and minimize this volume change. The highest strength and toughness is produced by the addition of 3 mol% yttrium oxide yielding partially stabilized zirconia. This material consists of a mixture of tetragonal and cubic phases with a bending strength of nearly . Small cracks allow phase transformations to occur, which essentially close the cracks and prevent catastrophic failure, resulting in a relatively tough ceramic material, sometimes known as TTZ (transformation-toughened zirconia).

Properties 

Ceramic knives are substantially harder than steel knives, will not corrode in harsh environments, are non-magnetic, and do not conduct electricity at room temperature. Because of their resistance to strong acid and caustic substances, and their ability to retain a cutting edge longer than steel knives, ceramic knives are suitable for slicing boneless meat, vegetables, fruit and bread. Since ceramics are brittle, blades may break if dropped on a hard surface, although improved manufacturing processes have reduced this risk. They are also unsuitable for chopping through hard foods such as bones or frozen foods, and for applications which require prying, which may cause breaking or chipping. Several brands offer either a black-coloured or a designed blade made through an additional hot isostatic pressing step, which increases toughness.

Sharpening and general care 

Unlike a steel blade that benefits from regular honing and resharpening in order to keep a sharp edge, a much harder ceramic blade will stay sharp and retain its cutting edge for much longer—at least ten times longer according to tests on a particular knife. However, the hardness of the ceramic material also makes it difficult to resharpen. Consequently, although a ceramic knife does not need regular sharpening in the same way as steel, when its blade eventually becomes blunt or chips specialized sharpening services are required for the ceramic edge.

References

External links 
 

Knives
Ceramic engineering
Zirconium dioxide
Pascal/MT+. Pascal/MT+ was an ISO 7185 compatible Pascal compiler written in 1980 by Michael Lehman, founder of MT MicroSYSTEMS of Solana Beach, California.  The company was acquired by Digital Research in 1981 which subsequently distributed versions that ran on the 8080/Z80 processor under the CP/M operating system. Later versions ran on the 68000 CPU under CP/M-68K, and the 8086 CPU under CP/M-86 and MS-DOS.

Pascal/MT+, for the 8086, was available for CP/M-86, PC DOS/MS-DOS as well as RMX-86 (a proprietary OS from Intel). Pascal/MT+86 still runs today on even the latest version of Microsoft Windows and DR-DOS.

External links 
Pascal/MT+ Language Manuals
Pascal/MT+ Binaries for CP/M

CP/M software
Pascal (programming language) compilers
Pascal programming language family
1980 software
Ed Young. Ed Young may refer to:

 Ed Young (illustrator) (1931–2023), Chinese-born American illustrator and writer
 Homer Edwin Young (born 1936), known as Dr. Ed Young, senior pastor of the Second Baptist Church Houston
 Ed Young (Fellowship Church) (born 1961), pastor of Fellowship Church, son of Homer Edwin Young
 Ed Young (cricketer) (born 1989), English cricketer
 Ed Young (politician) (born 1978), American politician
 Ed Young (aircraft constructor), American homebuilt aircraft designer and builder, designer of the Young Skyheater
 Hugh Edwin Young (1917–2012), academic administrator in the University of Wisconsin System

See also
 Edward Young (disambiguation)
 Ed Yong (born 1981), British science journalist
Serving area interface. The serving area interface or service area interface (SAI) is an outdoor enclosure or metal box that allows access to telecommunications wiring.

Alternate names
Access point (AP) 
Cabinet (cab) 
B-box (breakout box)
Cross box
Cross-connect box
Jumper wire interface (JWI)
Outside plant interface (OPI)
Pedestal (ped)
Primary cross-connection point (PCP) (UK)
Secondary cross-connection point (SCP) (UK)
Telecom cabinet

Function 
The SAI provides the termination of individual twisted pairs of a telephony local loop for onward connection back to the nearest telephone exchange (US: "central office" (CO)) or remote switch, or first to transmission equipment such as a subscriber loop carrier multiplexer and then to the exchange main distribution frame (MDF).

In the United Kingdom, the components from the PCP onwards to the customer are known as "D-side" (distribution side), and from the PCP back to the MDF as the "E-side" (exchange side).  In the United States, the connection back to the MDF is known as the F2 (secondary distribution cable) and/or the F1 (main feeder cable) pairs.

SAIs are used in suburban and low-density urban areas, serving some of the same purposes that manholes do in high-density urban areas.  Besides a cross connect point, they sometimes contain a DSLAM or more rarely a remote concentrator or both.

See also
Demarcation point
Enclosure (electrical)
Fiber to the telecom enclosure
Sub-loop unbundling

References

Local loop
Street furniture
HAG. HAG is a Swiss maker of model trains. The company was founded by Hugo and Alwin Gahler on 1 April 1944 in St. Gallen, Switzerland.

The Gahler brothers originally manufactured model trains in O scale but due to competition, particularly by Märklin H0 scale, began the transition to H0 in 1954 with their final O scale set being manufactured in 1957.

Today, HAG manufactures die-cast metal model trains and is the primary manufacturer of HO scale Swiss model trains.  Models are available in both two-rail DC and Märklin-compatible three-rail AC.

History 
The company was founded in 1944 by Hugo and Alwin Gahler in St. Gallen, and the name "HAG" came from the name as an abbreviation. The family business was managed from 1979 by Werner Gahler, the son of Alwin Gahler in the 2nd generation. In 1982 the company moved to Mörschwil (SG). On January 1, 2012, the Hag company was sold to Tekwiss Engineering from Hagedorn. The spare parts for the older generation vehicles were sold at the same time to the Amiba locomotive shed, where they are still available. Werner Gahler continued to work part-time for HAG Modelleisenbahnen until the end of 2012 (closure) by looking after the former factory shop in Mörschwil.

Stansstad location 
At the end of October 2012, the production site in Mörschwil was closed with the move to Stansstad. The new location of the new company has been under the management of Heinz Urech since the beginning of November 2012.

Development of the workforce 
As part of cost-cutting measures, the company had to lay off eight employees in January 2009 after natural fluctuation was no longer sufficient. The number of employees was then reduced to 23. At the time of the takeover by Tekwiss Engineering on January 1, 2012, HAG still had 12 employees in Mörschwil. Due to the abandonment of the production site in Mörschwil, the remaining 9 employees had to be made redundant.

References

External links 
 HAG's official website

Model railroad manufacturers
Toy train manufacturers
Swiss brands
Model manufacturers of Switzerland
companies based in the canton of St. Gallen