omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Calcein. Calcein, also known as fluorexon, fluorescein complex, is a fluorescent dye with excitation and emission wavelengths of 495 and 515 nm, respectively, and has the appearance of orange crystals. Calcein self-quenches at concentrations above 70 mM and is commonly used as an indicator of lipid vesicle leakage. It has also been traditionally used as a complexometric indicator for titration of calcium ions with EDTA, and for fluorometric determination of calcium.

Applications

The non-fluorescent acetomethoxy derivate of calcein (calcein AM, AM = acetoxymethyl) is used in biology as it can be transported through the cellular membrane into live cells, which makes it useful for testing of cell viability and for short-term labeling of cells. Alternatively, Fura-2, Furaptra, Indo-1 and aequorin may be used. An acetomethoxy group obscures the part of the molecule that chelates Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+ and other ions. After transport into the cells, intracellular esterases remove the acetomethoxy group, the molecule gets trapped inside and gives out strong green fluorescence. As dead cells lack active esterases, only live cells are labeled and counted by flow cytometry.

Calcein is now rarely used as a Ca2+ or Mg2+ indicator because its fluorescence is directly sensitive to these ions only at strongly alkaline pH, and thus it is not particularly useful for measuring Ca2+ or Mg2+ in cells. Fluorescence of calcein is quenched strongly by Co2+, Ni2+ and Cu2+ and appreciably by Fe3+ and Mn2+ at physiological pH. This fluorescence quenching response can be exploited for detecting the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and for measuring cell volume changes. Calcein is commonly used for cell tracing and in studies of endocytosis, cell migration, and gap junctions.

The acetoxymethyl ester of calcein is also used to detect drug interactions with multidrug resistance proteins (ABC transporters ATP-binding cassette transporter genes) in intact cells as it is an excellent substrate of the multidrug resistance transporter 1 (MDR1) P-glycoprotein and the Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein (MRP1). The calcein AM assay can be used as a model for drug-drug interactions, for screening transporter substrates and/or inhibitors; and also to determine in vitro drug resistance of cells, including samples from patients.

Calcein is also used for marking freshly hatched fish and for labeling of bones in live animals.

References

Cell culture reagents
Lactones
Amines
Fluorone dyes
Complexometric indicators
Acetic acids
Spiro compounds
American Motor Car Company. The American Motor Car Company was a short-lived company in the automotive industry founded in 1906, lasting until 1913. It was based in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. The American Motor Car Company pioneered the "underslung" design.

History

Harry C. Stutz, who later formed a company bearing his name, designed the first car for the new enterprise. However, Stutz quickly left and Fred L. Tone took over as chief engineer in 1906. Tone re-designed the chassis (frame) below the axles and the semi-elliptic leaf spring suspension system mounted above.

This upside-down or reverse arrangement became known as the underslung design. It gave the vehicles a lower stance and was an industry first. Because of the lower chassis position,  wheels gave the vehicle space between the frame and the ground. The company claimed that the vehicles were safe from rollovers and could be tilted up to 55 degrees.

It was powered by a  engine rated at 40 horsepower (by the measurements at that time), but the car was underpowered. By 1908, the engine was enlarged to  producing . The company entered a large engined roadster in the Savannah Challenge Cup Race held in Savannah, Georgia, but it finished last.

Facing financial problems during 1911, the name was changed to American Motor Company.

In 1912 all of its models featured the distinctive underslung chassis and the cars were officially named American Underslung. However, the new company was still over-extended and inefficient. The relatively small production of its numerous models was divided among three factories.

The company went into bankruptcy in November 1913.

Over an eight-year period, the American Motor Company had produced over 45,000 vehicles.

Like many other automakers during this era, ineffective assembly processes, questionable management practices, as well as a focus on high quality plagued it and expensive models when the market was moving to lower priced utilitarian cars.

References

External links

 
 
 

Motor vehicle manufacturers based in Indiana
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States
Defunct companies based in Indianapolis
Manufacturing companies based in Indianapolis
Brass Era vehicles
1900s cars
1910s cars
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1906
Vehicle manufacturing companies disestablished in 1913
1906 establishments in Indiana
1913 disestablishments in Indiana
Defunct manufacturing companies based in Indiana
Ansys HFSS. Ansys HFSS (high-frequency structure simulator)  is a commercial finite element method solver for electromagnetic (EM) structures from Ansys.

Engineers use Ansys HFSS primarily to design and simulate high-speed, high-frequency electronics in radar systems, communication systems, satellites, ADAS, microchips, printed circuit boards, IoT products, and other digital devices and RF devices. The solver has also been used to simulate the electromagnetic behavior of objects such as automobiles and aircraft. ANSYS HFSS allows system and circuit designers to simulate EM issues such as losses due to attenuation, coupling, radiation and reflection.

The benefits of simulating a circuit's high frequency behavior with high accuracy on a computer reduces the final testing and verification effort of the system as well as mitigating the necessity of building costly multiple prototypes, saving both time and money in product development.

History 
HFSS was originally developed by Professor Zoltan Cendes, Ph.D., and his students at Carnegie Mellon University. It was the first general purpose software product to solve arbitrary 3D EM field problems, including EM energy distribution and S parameters in complex structures.

In 1984, Dr. Cendes founded Ansoft Corporation to design and develop high performance EDA software. He served as its chairman and chief technology officer until 2008, when Ansys acquired Ansoft.

Ansoft originally sold HFSS as a stand-alone product under an agreement with Hewlett-Packard. It was also bundled into Ansoft products.

In 1997 Hewlett-Packard acquired Optimization Systems Associates Inc. (OSA), a company John Bandler founded in 1983. HP's acquisition was driven by HP's need for an optimization capability for HFSS. After various business relationships over the period 1996–2006, HP (which became Agilent EEsof EDA division) and Ansoft went their separate ways:

Over time, Ansys HFSS introduced a number of new technologies in computational EM simulation, including automatic adaptive mesh generation, tangential vector finite elements, transfinite elements, and reduced-order modeling.

References

External links
Official site
HFSS Tutorials

Finite element software
Electronic design automation software
Electromagnetic simulation software
Tether (disambiguation). A tether is a cord, fixture, or flexible attachment that secures something movable to something else.

Tether may also refer to:

Science and technology
 Tether (cell biology), an elongated cylinder of the membrane of a cell bond to a substrate
 Molecular tether

Computing
 Tethering, sharing a mobile device's internet connection
 Tether (cryptocurrency), a cryptocurrency
 Tethered jailbreak, in iOS jailbreaking

Space
 Space tether, use of tethers to propel or stabilize objects in space
 Electrodynamic tether, a conductive space tether which generates current and acts against a planetary magnetic field
 Momentum exchange tether, a kind of space tether
 Skyhook (structure), or a tidal stabilized tether
 Space elevator, a geostationary orbital tether

Songs
 "Tether" (song), by Eric Prydz, 2015
 "Tether", by Chvrches from The Bones of What You Believe, 2013
 "Tether", by Damien Jurado from Where Shall You Take Me?, 2003
 "Tether", by Dreamers of the Ghetto from Enemy/Lover, 2011
 "Tether", by the Indigo Girls from All That We Let In, 2004
 "Tether", by On Broken Wings from Number One Beautiful, 2001
 "Tether", by Plaid from Reachy Prints, 2014
 "Tether", by Sarah Harmer from All of Our Names, 2004
 "Tether", by Tantric from Mercury Retrograde, 2018

Other uses
 Ankle monitor or tether, used to track parolees' whereabouts and/or alcohol use
 Tether (hieroglyph), an alphabetic uniliteral sign of ancient Egypt
 Anthony Tether (born ca. 1941), Director of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency

See also
 Tethersonde, a radiosonde attached to a fixed or tethered balloon
 Teather (disambiguation)
 Mind at the End of Its Tether, a book by H.G. Wells
 Tying (disambiguation)
 Tether (album)
F111 (disambiguation). The General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark is a U.S. jet fighter-bomber aircraft.

F111 or variation, may also refer to:

Military

Combat aircraft
 General Dynamics–Grumman F-111B, the navy carrier variant
 General Dynamics–Grumman EF-111A Raven, the electronic warfare variant
 General Dynamics–Boeing AFTI/F-111A Aardvark, a research variant
 General Dynamics F-111C, the Australian variant
 General Dynamics F-111K, the British variant
 Canadair CF-111 Starfighter (F-111, CF-104), the Canadian variant of the F-104

Warships
 , an ANZAC-class frigate of New Zealand
 , a Rothesay-class frigate of New Zealand
 , a Type-056 corvette of Bangladesh
  (F-111), a frigate of Romania, former flagship of the fleet

Other uses
 Hispania F111, a 2011 HRT Formula 1 racecar
 Agile Warrior F-111X, a 1995 videogame based on the fighter-bomber
 "F-111" (song), a 2003 song by 'Cold Chisel' off the album Ringside (Cold Chisel album)

See also

 VFC-111, U.S. Navy fighter squadron
 VF-111, U.S. Navy fighter squadron
 VMF-111, U.S. Marines fighter squadron

 F3 (disambiguation)
 F11 (disambiguation)
 F1 (disambiguation)
Cubic IDE. Cubic IDE is a proprietary, modular integrated development environment (IDE) for AmigaOS versions 3.5 and 3.9 and MorphOS. Its central editor is GoldED 8, which supports file type centric configuration.

Requirements 
Cubic IDE requires a 68k CPU, 4 to 8 MB of RAM for runtime and around 64 MB of RAM when compiling larger projects, and 4 MB to 650 MB of free hard drive space. A minimum resolution of 800x600 pixels is also required. No official support is given for operating systems newer than AmigaOS 3.9 and MorphOS 1.4, as the developer does not have a system running versions newer than these to test it on.

Features 
The IDE includes features such as syntax highlighting for several programming languages, folding, a symbol browser, a project explorer, an installation assistant (to create installations), support for creating Rexx macros and  documentation, makefile generation, dialogs to set compiler options, automatic completion of OS symbols and clickable compiler output (jump to error). Compiler integration is available for popular C/C++ compilers for the supported platforms: GCC, vbcc, SAS/C and StormC3. Several compilers for AmigaOS 3, AmigaOS 4, PowerUP, WarpOS and MorphOS are included and integrated into the development environment.

All aspects of the IDE are configurable.

References

External links 
 

Amiga development software
Integrated development environments
MorphOS software
Unix International. Unix International (UI) was an association created in 1988 to promote open standards, especially the Unix operating system.  Its most notable members were AT&T and Sun Microsystems, and in fact the commonly accepted reason for its existence was as a counterbalance to the Open Software Foundation (OSF), itself created in response to AT&T's and Sun's Unix partnership of that time.  UI and OSF thus represented the two sides of the Unix wars in the late 1980s and early 1990s.

In May 1993, the major members of both UI and OSF announced the Common Open Software Environment (COSE) initiative.  This was followed by the merging of UI and OSF into a "new OSF" in March 1994, which in turn merged with X/Open in 1996, forming The Open Group.

References

Chapter 11. OSF and UNIX International (Peter H. Salus, The Daemon, the GNU and the Penguin)
UI / OSF merger announcements

Standards organizations in the United States
Unix history
EMD GP8. The EMD GP8 is a model of four-axle diesel locomotive rebuilt by Illinois Central's Paducah shops using a General Motors Electro-Motive Division (EMD) GP7, GMD GP7 or GP9 as a start. It is similar to the GP10 and GP11.

A total of 111 units were rebuilt to "GP8" for the Illinois Central and Illinois Central Gulf. Core units used in the construction of these units were Illinois Central GP7, GP9, a GP8, C&O GP9, D&RGW GP9, DT&I GP7, N&W GP7, P&LE GP7, QNS&L GP7, RDG GP7, St.J&LC GP9, SLSF GP7, and SP GP9.

The Paducah Shops also rebuilt 16 Conrail GP7s to GP8s. Nine were rebuilt in 1976 and another seven in 1978. Rock Island's Silvis Shops rebuilt 20 Conrail GP7s into GP8s in 1978. Morrison-Knudsen's Boise Shops rebuilt 13 Conrail GP7s into GP8s in 1978. The 1976 Conrail units rebuilt at Paducah were the equivalent of the Illinois Central rebuilds. The 1978 rebuilds were engine and electrical gear only rebuilds with no carbody modifications.

References 

 
 

B-B locomotives
GP08
Illinois Central locomotives
Diesel–electric locomotives of the United States
Conrail locomotives
Rebuilt diesel locomotives
Standard gauge locomotives of the United States
Fazlollah Reza. Fazlollah Reza (; January 1, 1915 – November 19, 2019) was an Iranian university professor.

Career
Reza graduated from the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Tehran in 1938, receiving a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering. He received a master's and Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Columbia University in 1946 and Polytechnic University of New York (now New York University Tandon School of Engineering) in 1950 respectively. He was a Fellow of the IEEE and AAAS for his contribution to network and information theory. He was an honorary member of the Academy of Persian Language and Literature and wrote and spoke extensively on classical Persian poetry.

Positions
Reza served as the head of Aryamehr University of Industry (Sharif University of Technology), University of Tehran, Iran's ambassador to Canada and Iran's ambassador to UNESCO. As a professor, he taught at MIT, McGill University, Concordia University, and the University of Tehran.

Bibliography

See also
Enayatollah Reza (brother)
Esmail Merat

External links
 Short biography 

1915 births
2019 deaths
Iranian electrical engineers
Iranian engineers
University of Tehran alumni
Columbia School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
Academic staff of Sharif University of Technology
Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty
People from Rasht
Ambassadors of Iran to Canada
Permanent delegates of Iran to UNESCO
People from Gilan province
Chancellors of the Sharif University of Technology
Fellows of the IEEE
Iranian men centenarians
Polytechnic Institute of New York University alumni
Chancellors of the University of Tehran
Chuping. Chuping is a suburb of Kangar and a small town in Perlis, Malaysia. It is located to the northeast of Kangar, the state capital. The town has 22,000 hectares of plantations, which consist of rubber estates and the largest sugar cane plantation in Malaysia.

Chuping's name may be taken from a limestone hill in the area called Bukit Chuping. There are many limestone hills in the area, and several caves containing bats. The guano used to be collected for use as a fertiliser, for crops such as rice, as it contains nitrates and iron(III) phosphate.

The highest temperature in the country was recorded in Chuping on April 9, 1998, at .

Climate 
Chuping receives just above  of rainfall annually and with that cumulative of rainfall if compares with other places in Malaysia, Chuping is categorised as one of the driest area in Malaysia. The dry season occurs during December until February but still monthly can reach up more than  of rainfall. March till November is a wet season.

Accessibility
Chuping is accessible from a trunk road bound for Kangar and Kodiang. The trunk road is situated after the Jitra Selatan exit of the North–South Expressway. Buses that travel along the Kuala Perlis–Kangar route pass through this town.

References

External links
 Chuping

Towns in Perlis
Mukims of Perlis
Itsy Pocket Computer. The Itsy Pocket Computer is a small, low-power, handheld device with a highly flexible interface. It was designed at Digital Equipment Corporation's Western Research Laboratory in Palo Alto to encourage novel user interface development—for example, it had accelerometers to detect movement and orientation as early as 1999.

Hardware 
 CPU: DEC StrongARM SA-1100 processor
 Memory: 16 MB of DRAM, 4 MB of flash memory
 Interfaces: I/O interfaces for audio input/output, IrDA, and an RS232 serial port
 Small 320 x 200 pixel LCD touchscreen for display and user input
 10 general purpose push-buttons for additional user input purposes
 Power supply: Pair of standard AAA alkaline batteries

References

Related WRL Technical Notes 
 The Itsy Pocket Computer Version 1.5: User's Manual (DEC WRL Technical Note WRL-TN-54)
 The Memory Daughter-Card Version 1.5: User's Manual (DEC WRL Technical Note WRL-TN-55)
 Power and Energy Characterization of the Itsy Pocket Computer (Version 1.5) (DEC WRL Technical Note WRL-TN-56)
 A Simple CMOS Camera for Itsy (DEC WRL Technical Note WRL-TN-58)
 Power Evaluation of Itsy Version 2.4 (DEC WRL Technical Note WRL-TN-59) 
 Interpreting the Battery Lifetime of the Itsy Version 2.4 (DEC WRL Technical Note WRL-TN-59)
 The Itsy Pocket Computer, Joel F. Bartlett, Lawrence S. Brakmo, Keith I. Farkas, William R. Hamburgen, Timothy Mann, Marc A. Viredaz, Carl A. Waldspurger, Deborah A. Wallach, WRL Research Report 2000/6, Compaq Western Research Laboratory, 250 University Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94301.

External links 
 Itsy downloads at HP Labs

DEC computers
Personal digital assistants
Prototypes
Argay, Portland, Oregon. Argay is a neighborhood in the Northeast section of Portland, Oregon, United States. Argay is bounded by the Columbia River on the north, NE 122nd Ave on the west, Interstate 84 on the south, and NE 148th Ave. on the east. 
Originally conceived of by Art Simonson and Gerhardt (Gay) Stavney (the “Ar” and “Gay” of Argay) as a "move-up" suburban family neighborhood alternative to Portland's congested inner-city, Argay Terrace built out as planned with larger homes on large lots spread out over the gently sloping terrain that gave the area an open feeling. Homes are typical of the style called "Mid-Century Modern" with a mix of one-story ranches (most with basements or daylight basements), split-entry, split-level, and some modern two-story colonials.

References

External links
Mid-county Memo (local newspaper)
Argay Street Tree Inventory Report

Neighborhoods in Portland, Oregon
Oregon populated places on the Columbia River
Ferropolis. Ferropolis, "the city of iron", is an open-air museum of huge mid-20th century industrial machines in Gräfenhainichen, a city between Wittenberg and Dessau, Germany. These can measure up to 30 meters high and 120 meters long, and weigh up to 1,980 tons. The area is also used for several events such as opera performances or music festivals, including the Splash! Festival, Melt! Festival, and the "Ferropolis in Flammen" ("Ferropolis in flames") festival. Also some drifting events such as Drift Masters.

History
The museum is located on the site of a former strip mining operation. The minister of finance of the Saxony-Anhalt formally created the project on 14 December 1995. In December 2005, the museum was integrated into the "European Route of Industrial Heritage".

Gallery

External links

 Ferropolis (German)
 The Guardian about Ferropolis

Open-air museums in Germany
Museums established in 1995
Industry museums in Germany
Museums in Saxony-Anhalt
Mining museums in Germany
Mining in Saxony-Anhalt
Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería. The Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería (Spanish for Colombian School of Engineering) Julio Garavito is a private engineering-based university. The school is located on a  campus in a beautiful natural environment in the north part of Bogotá and has approximately 4,600 students in undergraduate and graduate programs. It includes laboratories, computer systems, one of the largest collections of engineering texts and journals in Colombia as well as international and national access to information via the internet.

History 

Taking its name from Colombian engineer and astronomer Julio Garavito, the school was founded on October 20, 1972, when the constitution act of the Colombian School of Engineering was signed.

The first established program was Civil Engineering, followed by Electric and Systems (Computer Science) Engineering. Later, the Industrial Engineering, Electronics Engineering and Economics programs were added.

In 2002 the Board of directors approved the creation of the Administration and International business program.

The school's structure has diversified ever since offering several additional courses and specializations.

The teachers and engineers who founded the school are:

Luis Guillermo Aycardi Barrero
Jorge Eduardo Estrada Villegas
Manuel García López
Gonzalo Jiménez Escobar
Ernesto Obregón Torres
Armando Palomino Infante
Ricardo Quintana Sighinolfi
Ricardo Rincón Hernández
Alejandro Sandino Pardo
Ignacio Umaña de Brigard
Jairo Uribe Escamilla.

The foundation act was signed also by the following Colombian entrepreneurs, who contributed to the initiation and foundation of the school as benefactors:

Jaime Michelsen Uribe
Bernardo Pizano Brigard
Javier Ramírez Soto
Bernardo Saiz de Castro
Luis Carlos Sarmiento Angulo
Luis Alberto Serna Cortés.

In January 1973 the founders told about the school foundation and the start of academics labors with 88 students on March 20 of the same year.

Academics 

The Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería offers, as of 2007, eight undergraduate programs. It has approximately 4,600 students in undergraduate and graduate programs

Undergraduate programs 

 Civil Engineering
 Mechanical Engineering
 Electrical Engineering
 Electronic Engineering
 Systems Engineering (Computer Science/Software Engineering)
 Industrial Engineering
 Economy
 Administration (with emphasis in business and international finances)
 Mathematics

Academic programs are 10 semesters long with the exception of the Economics and the Administration programs which are 9 semesters.

Specializations (graduate programs) 

 Project Management and Development
 Design, Construction and Conservation of Highways
 Structures
 Hydraulic Resources and the Environment
 Environmental Sanitation
 Economics for Engineers
 Telecommunications and e-business

References 

Engineering universities and colleges
Escuela de Ingenieria
Science and technology in Colombia
Scientific organisations based in Colombia