omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Ferric ammonium oxalate. Ferric ammonium oxalate (ammonium ferrioxalate, ammonium tris(oxalato)ferrate) is the ammonium salt of the anionic trisoxalato coordination complex of iron(III).  It is a precursor to iron oxides, diverse coordination polymers, and Prussian Blue. The latter behavior is relevant to the manufacture of blueprint paper. Ferric ammonium oxalate has also been used in the synthesis of superconducting salts with bis(ethylene)dithiotetrathiafulvalene (BEDT-TTF), see Organic superconductor.

See also
 Potassium ferrioxalate

References

External links 
 http://www.chemblink.com/products/13268-42-3.htm
 http://chemicalland21.com/specialtychem/perchem/FERRIC%20AMMONIUM%20OXALATE.htm

Ammonium compounds
Iron(III) compounds
Oxalato complexes
Double salts
Osgood Bradley Car Company. The Osgood Bradley Car Company manufactured railway passenger cars and streetcars in Worcester, Massachusetts.

History

The company was founded in 1822 to manufacture stagecoaches and sleighs.  The company's first railway passenger cars were built for the Boston and Worcester Railroad in 1835.  During the American Civil War, the company produced gun carriages for the Union Army.  Osgood Bradley was purchased by the Pullman Company in 1930.

American Flyer cars

The Worcester factory is popularly remembered as the manufacturer of the American Flyer streamlined passenger car during the 1930s.  Walter Dorwin Teague designed a rounded aircraft-style body for railway cars manufactured of Cor-Ten steel.  These cars weighed 15 tons less than conventional heavyweight steel cars.  It was hoped these attractive lightweight cars might encourage public use of rail transportation while offering improved economy to the railway companies.  New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad purchased the first of these cars in 1934.  Other purchasers included Boston and Maine Railroad, Bangor and Aroostook Railroad, Kansas City Southern Railway, Seaboard Air Line Railroad, St. Louis Southwestern Railway, and Lehigh Valley Railroad.  A. C. Gilbert Company, with New Haven trains running past their factory, decided to produce models of this car for their American Flyer toy train sets.  Thousands of these toys were produced from 1946 to 1958; and railfans used the name American Flyer to describe the streamlined cars made by Osgood Bradley.

Archives and records
Osgood Bradley Car Company records at Baker Library Special Collections, Harvard Business School.
Osgood Bradley Car Company Drawings, Drawing Lists, Lot Lists & Photos at Pullman Library, Illinois Railway Museum

References

External links

Defunct rolling stock manufacturers of the United States
Companies based in Worcester, Massachusetts
American companies established in 1822
Manufacturing companies established in 1822
Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1930
1822 establishments in Massachusetts
1930 disestablishments in Massachusetts
Defunct manufacturing companies based in Massachusetts
Tram manufacturers
SIPA S.300. The SIPA S.300 was a French turbojet powered  basic trainer, claimed to be the first of its kind anywhere.  Only one was built, the prototype crashing after a year's development.

Design and development
The SIPA S.300 was claimed by its manufacturer to be the first jet aircraft designed from scratch as an ab initio trainer, though it had a possible alternative role as a liaison aircraft. It was an all-metal low wing monoplane, with a wing sharing outer panels with the slightly earlier S.200 Minijet. The square tipped wing was straight edged, with slight sweep on the leading edge but none on the rear.  Flaps stretched from the ailerons to the wing root on the trailing edge and there were hydraulically driven air brakes of the circular plate type.

Pupil and instructor sat in tandem under a fully glazed, continuous but multiframed canopy, each with their own sideways opening access.  The rear cockpit was placed between two small, overwing air intakes for the 1.57 kN (350 lbf) Turbomeca Palas turbojet, the exhaust from which exited ventrally well behind the trailing edge.  Aft of the exhaust the underside of the fuselage tapered upwards to the tail.  The tapered tailplane was placed on top of the fuselage and carried horn balanced elevators; the fin, with a dorsal fillet and balanced rudder were straight tapered, with the latter running down between the elevators to the keel.

Operational history

The S.300 made its first flight on 4 October 1954 piloted by Max Fischl.  SIPA displayed F-WGVR at the Paris air show in June 1955, at which time it was undergoing official testing at the Centrre d'Essais en Vol.  On 26 September 1955 it was destroyed following a spin; no more were built. The S.300 had been designed to allow the installation of more powerful Turbomeca engines such as the 2.14 kN (480 lbf) Super Palas, 3.53 kN (795 lbf) Aspin II or 3.92 kN (880 lbf) Marboré II but these plans were abandoned with the loss of the prototype.

Specifications

Notes

References

Further reading

External links

1950s French aircraft
S0300
Single-engined jet aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1954
Piping corrosion circuit. Piping corrosion circuit or Corrosion loop
/ Piping Circuitization and Corrosion Modelling, is carried out as part of either a Risk Based Inspection analysis (RBI) or Materials Operating Envelope analysis (MOE). It is the systematization of the piping components versus failure modes analysis into materials operating envelope. It groups piping materials / chemical make-up into systems / sub systems and assigns corrosion mechanisms. These are then monitored over the operating lifetime of the facility. This analysis is performed on circuit inspection results to determine and optimize circuit corrosion rates and measured thickness/dates for circuit components. Corrosion Circuits are utilized in the Integrity Management Plan (IMP) which forms a part of the overall Asset integrity management system and is an integral part of any RBI analysis. Many times a "system" will be a broad overview of the facilities process flow, broken by stream constituents, while a circuit level analysis breaks systems into smaller "circuits" that group common metallurgies, equal (or roughly equal) temperatures and pressures, and expected damage mechanisms.

Background 

It is carried out in order to:
 Manage the inspection of piping.
 Identifying piping systems/circuits and assign failure modes.
 Capture any changes due to those upgrades or design creep.
 Ensure that circuits are identified to indicate inspection points as well as facilitate the implementation of various inspection techniques.
 Identify potential damage mechanisms and their locations.
Typically, this is performed at the outset of any Mechanical Integrity program i.e. as the facility is built, modified and operated throughout its life.
General Requirements of Circuitization:
 Use an experienced corrosion/materials engineer to define systems in each unit
 Define corrosion circuits within each system based on materials of construction, operating conditions and active damage mechanisms
 Circuit identification and naming convention is used for both API RBI and IDMS programs to provide linking and sharing inspection data
 Circuit corrosion rates are used in API RBI to calculate circuit risk
 Determine the circuit and component next inspection date and inspection effectiveness, including detailed inspection plan
 Review or Placement of CML/TML (Condition Monitoring Locations/Thickness Monitoring Locations) recommended by corrosion/materials engineer
 CML/TML installed and documented on piping isometric drawings

See also 
 Corrosion engineering

References
 American Petroleum Institute http://www.api.org/meetings/proceedings/upload/Piping_Circuitization_and_RBI_Requirements_Lynne_Kaley.pdf

Maintenance
Corrosion
International Institute for Advanced Studies in Systems Research and Cybernetics. The International Institute for Advanced Studies in Systems Research and Cybernetics (IIAS) is a non-profit educational organization registered in Tecumseh, Ontario, Canada. Founded in 1980, the IIAS is committed to the development and promotion of Cybernetics and Systems Research and the advancement of interdisciplinary studies in the sciences, engineering, arts and humanities.

The IIAS hosts an annual conference in Baden-Baden, Germany with several interdisciplinary symposia in Baden-Baden, Germany, where researchers from around the world submit and share their papers on topics ranging from artificial intelligence and nanotechnology to risk analysis. The IIAS annual conference is known as the "InterSymp [Year] Conference" in academic circles.

External links
The International Institute for Advanced Studies in Systems Research and Cybernetics  homepage

References 

Information systems
Computer science journals
Cybernetics
Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University. The Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University (or SLCU) is an independently funded British research institute based at the Cambridge University Botanic Garden. Its aim is to elucidate the regulatory systems underlying plant growth and plant development.

Senior research staff
As of 2022, senior research staff include:

Professor Henrik Jönsson, Director since 2020
Dr James Locke, Associate Director and Royal Society University Research Fellow
Professor Ottoline Leyser, Research Group Leader, Director from 2013 to 2020
Professor Yrjö Helariutta, Research Group Leader
Professor Elliot Meyerowitz, Inaugural Director and Distinguished Associate
Professor Giles Oldroyd, Research Group Leader
Dr Alexander Jones, Research Group Leader
Dr Edwige Moyroud, Research Group Leader
Dr François Nédélec, Research Group Leader
Dr Sebastian Schornack, Research Group Leader and Royal Society University Research Fellow
Dr Chris Whitewoods, Career Development Fellow
Dr Sarah Robinson, Career Development Fellow
Dr Renske Vroomans, Career Development Fellow

History
The Sainsbury Laboratory houses 120 plant scientists studying plant development and diversity in state-of-the-art laboratory facilities. The building was made possible by the award of an £82million grant from the Gatsby Charitable Foundation, one of the Sainsbury family charitable trusts. The work of the laboratory complements that of the Sainsbury Laboratory at Norwich.

Construction of the 11,000-square metre building, led by Kier Group, began in the private working and research area of the Botanic Garden in February 2008 and was completed in December 2010. The building was opened on 27 April 2011 by Elizabeth II.

The laboratory building also provides plant growth facilities and a home for the University Herbarium, which contains over one million pressed and dried plant specimens from around the world, including the great majority of those collected by Charles Darwin on the Beagle Voyage, and scientific research material relating to newly discovered plants from the 18th and 19th centuries.

Building
The Laboratory meets Cambridge City Council’s planning requirement for 10% renewable on-site energy generation through use of photovoltaic panels, and has been awarded a BREEAM 'Excellent' rating. The Gilmour Suite, in a wing of the Sainsbury Laboratory, provides a public café and terrace for Botanic Garden visitors and is open all year during the garden's public opening hours. The building was awarded the Stirling Prize for architecture in 2012.

Artwork
The laboratory has several artworks, including:

References

External links
 

Research institutes in Cambridge
Biological research institutes in the United Kingdom
Botanical research institutes
Institutions in the School of the Biological Sciences, University of Cambridge
Republic of Korea Army Engineer School. Republic of Korea Army Engineer School is a Republic of Korea Army military engineering school located in Jangseong, South Korea.

Activities
In 2021 a research laboratory was set up at the location for developing a demining solution utilizing Artificial Intelligence to enhance accuracy of the military's mine clearance operations.

References

Republic of Korea Army
Military academies of South Korea
Universities and colleges in South Jeolla Province
1919 establishments in Korea
Cadmium stearate. Cadmium stearate  is a salt with the formula Cd(O2CC17H35)2.  Classified as a metallic soap, this a white solid is used as a lubricant and as a heat- and light-stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride.  The use of cadmium stearate is being phased out because of its toxicity.

Synthesis
The compound is produced by the reaction of cadmium chloride with sodium stearate or heating stearic acid and cadmium oxide or hydroxide.
Also, an exchange reaction between cadmium sulfate and sodium stearate:

Safety 
Like other cadmium compounds, cadmium stearate is toxic. Cadmium stearate is also carcinogen.

References 

Cadmium compounds
Stearates
Posta Sandstone. Posta Sandstone (), also called Wehlen Sandstone (Wehlener Sandstein), only occurs on the eastern banks of the River Elbe at Alte Poste, near Herrenleithe, Wehlen, Zeichen and Posta. The thickness of the deposit is between 30 and 50 metres. It is also known as Überquader ("Over Ashlar") and has the smallest deposit of all the Elbe sandstones.  In 2008 it was being quarried in the areas around the village of Lohmen and in Wehlen.

Quarrying and use 
In 2008, Posta Sandstone was being won in two quarries in the Wesenitz valley and it was being used for solid window and door frames, façade slabs, sculptor's blocks and high-profile masonry work. It is used especially in restoration work and sometimes also in new structures. The following is a selection of the structures built in Posta Sandstone:
 Berlin:
 Ground floor of Technische Universität Berlin in Charlottenburg
 Dresden:
 Old Town (Altmarkt) (rebuilding after the Second World War)
 Bismarck towers
 Dresden Bank buildings
 Anne's Church
 Eckberg Castle
 Dresden central station
 Cosel Palace
 Church of Our Lady 
 Zwinger Palace, brown studio 
 Albrechtsberg Palace
 Hamburg:
 Villa Offen
 Magdeburg:
 Alte Wache
 Senftenberg:
 War memorials for the dead of World War I

See also 
 List of sandstones
 Cotta Sandstone
 Reinhardtsdorf Sandstone
 Wehlen Sandstone

Sources 
 W. Dienemann und O. Burre: Die nutzbaren Gesteine Deutschlands und ihre Lagerstätten mit Ausnahme der Kohlen, Erze und Salze, Enke-Verlag, Stuttgart 1929, p. 304ff 
 Siegfried Grunert: Der Elbsandstein: Vorkommen, Verwendung, Eigenschaften. In: Geologica Saxonica Journal of Central European Geology 52/53 (2007), p. 143-204 (Digitalisat)

External links 
Technical data on Posta Sandstone
Information about Elbe Sandstone
Laser cleaning of Posta Sandstone during restoration measures

References 

Sandstone
Elbe Sandstone Mountains
Quarries in Germany
Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge
Ningwu–Kelan railway. Ningwu–Kelan railway or Ningke railway (), is a single-track regional railroad in Shanxi Province of northern China between Ningwu and Kelan Counties.  The line is  long, and was built between  1967 and 1971 as a national defense railroad to support the building of the Third Front in China's mountainous interior.  The  Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center in Kelan County, a space rocket and strategic missile launch facility, is located along route.  In recent years, the railway has been used to transport growing coal output from northern Shanxi and was electrified in 2008 to increase transport capacity.

Rail connections
Ningwu: Datong–Puzhou railway, Ningwu–Jingle railway

See also

 List of railways in China

References

Railway lines in China
Rail transport in Shanxi
Protactinium(V) oxide. Protactinium(V) oxide is a chemical compound with the formula Pa2O5. When it is reduced with hydrogen, it forms PaO2. Aristid V. Grosse was first to prepare 2 mg of Pa2O5 in 1927. Pa2O5 does not dissolve in concentrated HNO3, but dissolves in HF and in a HF + H2SO4 mixture and reacts at high temperatures with solid oxides of alkali metal and alkaline earth metals.

As protactinium(V) oxide, like other protactinium compounds, is radioactive, toxic and very rare, it has very limited technological use. Mixed oxides of Nb, Mg, Ga and Mn, doped with 0.005–0.52% Pa2O5, have been
used as high temperature dielectrics (up to 1300 °C) for ceramic capacitors.

References

Oxides
Protactinium(V) compounds
European PhD Program in Computational Logic. The European PhD Program in Computational Logic (EPCL) was a three-year
distributed and structured doctorate program that started in fall 2011.
It was run by four European partner universities that have a long research
track in computational logic and also run the
European Master's Program in Computational Logic (EMCL) since 2004:

 Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (coordinating university)
 Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
 Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
 Technische Universität Wien, Austria

Doctoral candidates chose two of these partner universities and a third
associated non-European partner research organization (Simon
Fraser University, Universidad de Chile,
NICTA) or an industrial partner of the program
(IBM Italia, Lixto Software GmbH, Ontoprise GmbH).
The program involved stays at these three institutions, which were also
involved in supervision of the PhD project.

Graduates of EPCL received a joint degree of the two selected partner
universities which subsumes two acknowledged national doctoral
degrees of the respective universities' countries.

EPCL was supported by the 
German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD).

See also 

European Master Program in Computational Logic

References

External links
 European PhD Program in Computational Logic homepage 
 European Master's Program in Computational Logic homepage of EMCL 

College and university associations and consortia in Europe
Computer science education
Study abroad programs
SAGA-220. SAGA-220 (Supercomputer for Aerospace with GPU Architecture-220 teraflops) is a supercomputer built by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).

It was unveiled on 2 May 2011 by Dr K. Radhakrishnan, chairman, ISRO. As of 8 January 2018, it is not the fastest supercomputer in India. It has been surpassed by the Pratyush supercomputer with a maximum theoretical speed of 4.0 PetaFlops.

Located at the Satish Dhawan Supercomputing Facility at Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), Thiruvananthapuram, it was built using commercially available hardware, open source software components and in house developments. The system uses 400 NVIDIA Tesla C2070 GPUs and 400 Intel Quad Core Xeon CPUs supplied by WIPRO. Each NVIDIA Tesla C2070 GPU is capable of delivering 515 gigaflops compared to the Xeon CPU's more modest contribution of 50 gigaflops. The system cost about INR 140,000,000 to build. The system consumes only about 150 kW.

The system is being used by scientists to solve complex aeronautical problems. It has been hinted that it will be used to design future space launch vehicles.

In June 2012, SAGA-220 was ranked 86th on the Top500 list. By June 2015, it was ranked 422nd.

See also

Supercomputing in India
EKA

References

GPGPU supercomputers
X86 supercomputers
Information technology in India
Supercomputing in India
Děčín Weir. The Děčín Weir () is a planned weir and lock complex on the Elbe River, in Děčín in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic.

Description 
The site of the proposed weir and lock system is between Děčín-Loubí and Děčín-Prostřední Žleb not far from the German border at river kilometre 737.02 (navigation km 98.98). It will consist of a weir, a lock, a small hydropower station and two fish ladders.

Purpose 
The Děčín weir is part of Czech attempts to improve navigation on the Elbe by increasing the regulation of flow. The declared aim is a draught of at least 140 cm on c. 345 days per year.

Controversy 
Opponents of the project question whether a measurable economic benefit can be achieved, since the navigability of the Elbe is also limited below the site by weather-driven interruptions. Thus is also concern that the Děčín weir will raise the pressure on Germany to establish similar structures on its section of the Elbe.

The project has also been criticised for its impact on the environment and on landscape and flood protection and, since 2000, there have been many objections, especially on the German side. The government of neighbouring Saxony is opposed to the weir: in 2005 the then Environment Minister, Stanislaw Tillich, intervened at the EU, to block its funding of the project and, in 2010, Environment Minister Frank Kupfer (both CDU) also objected and tested whether the project could be prevented if necessary by action.

External links 
 Excerpt from documents about the environmental impact of the proposal iaw para. 8 of Act No. 100/2001 Slg. – Staustufe Děčín (Tetschen)
 Wasser- und Schifffahrtsdirektion Ost: Press release Staustufe Děčín in der Elbe in Tschechien 
 MDR Sachsen: Anhörungsverfahren zu Elbstaustufe hat begonnen, 25 October 2010
 www.radio.cz (Radio Prag): Die Elbe: Der letzte frei fließende Fluss in Mitteleuropa im Clinch der Interessen, 24 August 2005
 Fraktion BÜNDNIS 90/DIE GRÜNEN im Sächsischen Landtag: Die Elbe – Flusslandschaft oder Schifffahrtsweg?, 2007

References 

Decin
Elbe
Weir
Elbe Sandstone Mountains
Transport in the Czech Republic
Geography of the Czech Republic
Hydropower
Proposed buildings and structures in the Czech Republic
Ed Long (audio engineer). Edward M. Long (1932 – December 17, 2016) was an audio engineer known for introducing the first near-field studio monitors and the first Time-Aligned loudspeaker crossover.

In 2021, Ed Long was inducted into the TEC Awards Technology Hall of Fame for his development of the concept of near-field monitoring.

Career
Long was born in Canandaigua, New York. During the Korean War he taught pulse techniques, multiplexing and FM theory at Fort Monmouth Signal School. He completed his engineering studies at Fisher College in 1957. Long became a project engineer at Sylvania Home electronics and did design work on loudspeaker systems there and also at Audio Dynamics Corporation. He later became senior acoustics engineer at C.T.S. of Paducah, Inc., where he assisted in the manufacture of loudspeaker systems. In 1968 he joined Ampex Corporation as a senior acoustics engineer. [8]   In 1972 he moved to Northern California and formed Calibration Standard Instrument, a consulting firm and manufacture of loudspeaker systems.

Long developed a passive crossover for loudspeakers which aligned the bandpasses in time. Invented and trademarked in 1976 as "Time Alignment", the crossover design was influential in loudspeaker development from the late 1970s throughout the 1980s.

Long and Ronald J. Wickersham developed and patented a method for extending low-frequency response of a loudspeaker [9].  Bag End Licensed and implemented the patent into subwoofer. products known as ELF speakers.

Personal life
Long retired in 2003. He died on December 17, 2016, at his home in San Jose, California, at the age of 84.

References

 AES E-Library, Design Parameters of a Dual Woofer Loudspeaker System, Author: Long, Edward M Affiliation: Consumer Equipment Division, Ampex Corporation, Elk Grove Village, IL, JAES Volume 17 Issue 5 pp. 515–524; October 1969  http://www.aes.org/e-lib/browse.cfm?elib=1559
  Method and apparatus for operating a loudspeaker below resonant frequency,  United States Patent 4481662

1932 births
2016 deaths
American acoustical engineers
American electrical engineers
People from Oakland, California
Engineers from California