omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Shiraz University of Technology. Shiraz University of Technology (SUTech) () is a university in Iran, a public university in the Fars province in higher technological education, basic and applied research. In 2004, the Government offered technical assistance for establishing an institute of higher education in engineering in Shiraz. Currently the university has about 1,700 students, with five Bachelor's degree programs (B.S.), 31 Master's degree (M.S.), and 14 Ph.D. degree programs.

History
Shiraz University of Technology was established in 1968 as the Electronics Industry College, which was one of the Shiraz University branches (Electronics Engineering College). 
After 2004, it was named "Shiraz University of Technology" as an independent public university which developed by some other fields such as Chemical, Material, Mechanical, etc.

Campus
Currently there is just one campus on Moddares Blvd., Shiraz, Iran. It was announced that a new campus is building in Shahrak Sadra, Shiraz, Iran.

The campus consists of all the university's building like departments buildings, library, restaurant, mosque, gym, publication, etc. There are five department buildings:
 Faculty of Sciences building
 Electrical Engineering Department building (which have no classrooms and consists of faculties and some laboratories)
 Information Technology Department building (which merged with the chancellor's building)
 Chemical Engineering Department building (which merged with the Aerospace Engineering Department and Civil & Environmental Engineering Department and a part of the Electrical Engineering Department)
 Material Engineering Department building

Ranking 
Shiraz University of Technology is the 5th university in Iran based on 2024 and 6th university in Iran 2025 Times rankings It is also 118th university in Asia and 501-600th in the world in 2024.

Best young university in Iran based on 2024 Times rankings and 85th in the world.

Shiraz University of Technology is the 11th university in Iran based on 2024 QS Top-Universities It is also 261-270th university in Asia.
the 11th unuveristy in Iran and 301 in Asia based on 2025 QS Top-Universities.

Faculties
The following degrees are now offered in the university training students in bachelor's and master's degrees levels:
 Aerospace Engineering (M.S. since 2010, PhD. since 2013)
 Applied Mathematics (M.S. since 2007, PhD. since 2010)
 Chemical Engineering (M.S. since 2007)
 Civil Engineering (M.S. since 2008, PhD. since 2013)
 Computer Engineering (M.S. since 2011)
 Electrical and Electronic Engineering (B.S. & M.S. since 2004, PhD. since 2010)
 Industrial Engineering (M.S. since 2011, BS. since 2012)
 Information Technology (B.S. since 2004, M.S. since 2010, PhD. since 2013)
 Material Engineering (M.S. since 2009)
 Mechanical Engineering (M.S. since 2007)
 Physics (M.S. since 2010)
 Physical Chemistry (M.S. since 2008)

Chancellors

See also
Higher education in Iran

References

External links
Official website

Universities in Iran
Educational institutions established in 2004
Buildings and structures in Shiraz
Education in Shiraz
2004 establishments in Iran
Shahrekord University. Shahrekord University is a public university in Shahrekord, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran. It has 8 faculties, namely, Faculty of Agriculture Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Letters and Humanities, Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, Farsan Faculty of Art and Humanities. It also has 5 institutes, including Research Institute of Animal Embryo Technology, Research Institute of Biotechnology, Research Institute of Zoonotic Diseases, Water Resources Research Center, and Research Institute of Nanotechnology, a scientific center (Center of Non-linear Analysis, Optimization, and Control), a photonics research group, a center of technology group and an incubator with more than 26 technology units.

Location and facilities 
Shahrekord University is located in Shahrekord. The city is known for its natural environment, landscape, waterfalls and rivers.

See also 
Higher education in Iran
Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences

References

External links 
Shahrekord University

Universities in Iran
Universities and colleges established in 1947
Education in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province
1947 establishments in Iran
Buildings and structures in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province
Road foreman of engines. Road foreman of engines, in the United States, is the traditional title of the person in charge of and the supervisor of, a locomotive engineer. An engineer who wishes to enter the management ranks on a railroad becomes a road foreman of engines. Their job is the overall supervision and to instruct, discipline, train and evaluate, the performance and skill of a railroad engineer. They are essentially an engineer's boss.

Background
In the United States, engineers are licensed by the Federal Railroad Administration for their craft. Railroads had to designate who can supervise an engineer. Only a person who is an FRA-certified locomotive engineer can instruct and supervise an engineer in his craft. Therefore, the road foremen were designated as "designated supervisor of locomotive engineers" (DSLE).

Road foremen also have the responsibility of analyzing data from locomotive event recorders. This is done in post-accident investigation and for random review of a locomotive engineer's performance.

See also
Railroad track foreman
List of railway industry occupations

References

Railway occupations
Resistance wire. Resistance wire is wire intended for making electrical resistors (which are used to control the amount of current in a circuit). It is better if the alloy used has a high resistivity, since a shorter wire can then be used. In many situations, the stability of the resistor is of primary importance, and thus the alloy's temperature coefficient of resistivity and corrosion resistance play a large part in material selection.

When resistance wire is used for  heating elements (in electric heaters,  toasters, and the like), high resistivity and oxidation resistance is important.

Sometimes resistance wire is insulated by ceramic powder and sheathed in a tube of another alloy. Such heating elements are used in electric ovens and water heaters, and in specialized forms for cooktops.



Types
Nichrome, a non-magnetic 80/20 alloy of nickel and chromium, is the most common resistance wire for heating purposes because it has a high resistivity and resistance to oxidation at high temperatures, up to . When used as a heating element, resistance wire is usually wound into coils.  

Kanthal (Alloy 875/815), a family of iron-chromium-aluminium () alloys, is used in a wide range of high-temperature applications, up to about . One difficulty in using nichrome or kanthal wire is that common tin-based electrical solder will not bond with it, so the connections to the electrical power must be made using other methods such as crimp connectors or screw terminals.

Constantan () has a low temperature coefficient of resistivity; and as a copper alloy, it is easily soldered. Other constant-resistance alloys include manganin (), Cupron  () and Evanohm. Melts at about .

Balco () and similar alloys have very high, but more linear, temperature coefficients of resistivity, making them suitable for sensing elements.

Many elements and alloys have been used as resistance wire for special purposes. The table below lists the resistivity of some common materials. The resistivity of amorphous carbon actually has a range of 3.8 – 4.1 × 10−6 Ω m.

Trade names 
Trade names include:

References 

Wire
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
Resistive components
Controller of site safety. A Controller of Site Safety or COSS is a person qualified by the British civil engineering company Network Rail to ensure safe practice for work occurring on or near railway tracks and infrastructure. Their primary role is to set up a safe system of work to protect staff from trains.

The preferred safe systems of working where the staff are protected from line open to train movements, either by blocking some or all lines to traffic or controlling the distance the group is from the track (called Safeguarded/Fenced/Separated areas in order of consideration). This method was formerly called a Green Zone. This is the safest way of working due to the higher risks with trains moving at speed, although many incidents still happen within blocks.

Open Line working (formerly known as Red Zone) means the lines are open to train movements; this is seen as more risky than Safeguarded/Fenced/Separated areas, and is avoided in the rail industry where practicable.

The COSS is responsible for the safety of the entire group and is subject to prosecution should someone be killed or injured by their negligence.

To become a COSS, someone should have served a suitable period of time on the railways and undertake a five-day course. This is then followed by a period of mentoring by an experienced COSS and then independent regular assessments to ensure that the subject is competent to undertake their role safely and effectively.

The rules around performing the role of a COSS are stated in the Rule Book  a set of documents issued to track staff detailing their duties.

A COSS is distinguishable on site by wearing a blue armlet on the left arm or upper body on which the word "COSS" is printed in white text.

Previously, the COSS was known as the Person In Charge Of Work/Possession, or PICOW/PICOP.

References

External Links
 Sentinel
 Railway Jobs Railway Jobs Board

Railway safety
Railway occupations
Method of lines. The method of lines (MOL, NMOL, NUMOL) is a technique for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) in which all but one dimension is discretized. By reducing a PDE to a single continuous dimension, the method of lines allows solutions to be computed via methods and software developed for the numerical integration of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and differential-algebraic systems of equations (DAEs). Many integration routines have been developed over the years in many different programming languages, and some have been published as open source resources.

The method of lines most often refers to the construction or analysis of numerical methods for partial differential equations that proceeds by first discretizing the spatial derivatives only and leaving the time variable continuous. This leads to a system of ordinary differential equations to which a numerical method for initial value ordinary equations can be applied. The method of lines in this context dates back to at least the early 1960s. Many papers discussing the accuracy and stability of the method of lines for various types of partial differential equations have appeared since.

Application to elliptical equations 
MOL requires that the PDE problem is well-posed as an initial value (Cauchy) problem in at least one dimension, because ODE and DAE integrators are initial value problem (IVP) solvers. Thus it cannot be used directly on purely elliptic partial differential equations, such as Laplace's equation. However, MOL has been used to solve Laplace's equation by using the method of false transients. In this method, a time derivative of the dependent variable is added to Laplace’s equation. Finite differences are then used to approximate the spatial derivatives, and the resulting system of equations is solved by MOL. It is also possible to solve elliptical problems by a semi-analytical method of lines. In this method, the discretization process results in a set of ODE's that are solved by exploiting  properties of the associated exponential matrix.

Recently, to overcome the stability issues associated with the method of false transients, a perturbation approach was proposed which was found to be more robust than standard method of false transients for a wide range of elliptic PDEs.

References

External links
False Transient Method of Lines - sample code
The Numerical Method of Lines

Numerical differential equations
Partial differential equations
Enterprise data modelling. Enterprise data modelling or enterprise data modeling (EDM) is the practice of creating a graphical model of the data used by an enterprise or company. Typical outputs of this activity include an enterprise data model consisting of entity–relationship diagrams (ERDs), XML schemas (XSD), and an enterprise wide data dictionary.

Overview
Producing such a model allows for a business to get a 'helicopter' view of their enterprise. In EAI (enterprise application integration) an EDM allows data to be represented in a single idiom, enabling the use of a common syntax for the XML of services or operations and the physical data model for database schema creation. Data modeling tools for ERDs that also allow the user to create a data dictionary are usually used to aid in the development of an EDM. 

The implementation of an EDM is closely related to the issues of data governance and data stewardship within an organization.

References

Data modeling
Peter Williams (physicist). Sir Peter Michael Williams,  (born 22 March 1945) is a British physicist.

Education
Williams was educated at Hymers College and completed his undergraduate degree at Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1966, and his PhD at Selwyn College, Cambridge, with a thesis entitled "Defect structure and luminescent properties of semiconductors" in 1969.

Career
He began an academic career at Selwyn College, Cambridge. He then moved to industry and worked first at VG Instruments and later Oxford Instruments. He was chairman of Oxford Instruments from 1991 until his retirement in 1999.

Sir Peter is currently chairman of the National Physical Laboratory and vice-president and treasurer of the Royal Society. He was previously master of St Catherine's College, Oxford (2000–2002), president of the Institute of Physics (2000–2002), president of the British Association for the Advancement of Science (2002–2003) and chairman of the UK's Engineering and Technology Board (2001–2006). He has been a member of the InterAcademy Council's Committee to Review the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change that reported in August 2010.

In 2005 Williams became the fifth chancellor of the University of Leicester. He was also appointed patron for research at Marie Curie Cancer Care. He retired from this position in 2010. In 2015 Williams was appointed chairman of Kromek, an innovative British tech company making detectors for the medical, security and nuclear sectors.

Awards
He was elected as Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering in 1996. He received the CBE in 1992 and was knighted in the Queen's Birthday Honours list of 1998.

He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in May 1999.

He won the Richard Glazebrook Medal and Prize in 2005.

Other work
He was on the governing body of Abingdon School from 1997 to 2000.

References

Further reading
Commentaries – Sir Peter Williams, Department of Trade & Industry, 2004
Patron Council Members (PDF), The BA, 2003
New Heads of House, Oxford Blueprint, 10 October 2002
New Chancellor Installed at Ceremony (PDF), Bulletin, University of Leicester, December 2005 / January 2006
Sir Peter Williams is new research patron, Marie Curie Cancer Care, 2005 news archive

1945 births
Living people
People educated at Hymers College
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Alumni of Selwyn College, Cambridge
Academics of Imperial College London
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Knights Bachelor
People associated with the University of Leicester
Masters of St Catherine's College, Oxford
Fellows of the Royal Society
Presidents of the Institute of Physics
Presidents of the British Science Association
Presidents of the Association for Science Education
Governors of Abingdon School
Scientists of the National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom)
Subsurface utilities. Subsurface Utilities are the utility networks generally laid under the ground surface. These utilities include pipeline networks for water supply, sewage disposal, petrochemical liquid transmission, petrochemical gas transmission or cable networks for power transmission, telecom data transmission, any other data or signal transmission. In North America alone, there are an estimated 35 million miles of subsurface infrastructure that deliver critical services to homes and businesses.

The field of engineering dealing with the locating and mapping subsurface utilities is termed as Subsurface Utility Engineering (SUE).

References

Building engineering
ASSP. The acronym ASSP may refer to:

 Application-specific standard product, a type of integrated circuit chip
 The American Society of Safety Professionals (formerly the American Society of Safety Engineers), a professional society for people employed in the occupational health and safety field
 Anti-Spam SMTP Proxy, an anti-spam product
 Anjuman Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan, a political movement
 A retired US Navy hull classification symbol: Transport submarine (ASSP)
RV Atlantis (AGOR-25). RV Atlantis is a , owned by the US Navy and operated by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution as part of the University-National Oceanographic Laboratory System (UNOLS) fleet.  She is the host vessel of DSV Alvin. She is named for the first research vessel operated by WHOI, the sailboat RV Atlantis, for which the  is also named.

Construction

Atlantis was built by Halter Marine Inc., Gulfport, Mississippi. She was laid down in August 1994 and launched in February 1996. She was delivered to the U.S. Navy on 25 February 1998, as RV Atlantis (AGOR-25) a Thomas G. Thompson-class oceanographic research ship.

Atlantis completed a year long midlife maintenance and refit at Dakota Creek Shipyard in July 2021.

Deck equipment
 Winches
 Traction – 30,000' .68" EM or 9/16" wire
 Hydro – 33,000' 3-cond. EM or 1/4" wire
 Heavy Equipment
 Cranes – two @ 42,000 lbs. cap
 HIAB cranes (2)
 Midships hydro boom

Miscellaneous on-board equipment
 Laboratories: 
 Portable Van Space: At least six . vans
 Sewage System: Envirovac flushing system

Sister ships
The Atlantis and three other research ships were all built to the same basic design. The three sister ships are RV Thomas G. Thompson (UW), RV Roger Revelle (Scripps) and NOAAS Ronald H. Brown (NOAA).

Notable expeditions and events 
In 2022, Atlantis was involved in the rescue of 13 people off the coast of North Carolina. The fishing vessel Tremont sent a mayday at 0200 on October 28 following the collision with the container ship MSC Rita. Atlantis as well as the motor vessel Drystan and assistance from the United States Coast Guard rescued the crew later that morning.

References

 NavSource Online: Service Ship Photo Archive - AGOR-25 Atlantis
 R/V Atlantis Specifications
 Where are the Ships Now?

External links

 WHOI Marine Operations
 Ship's location

University-National Oceanographic Laboratory System research vessels
Thomas G. Thompson-class oceanographic research ships
Ships built in Gulfport, Mississippi
1996 ships
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Arsenical copper. Arsenical copper contains up to 0.5% arsenic which, at elevated temperatures, imparts higher tensile strength and a reduced tendency to scaling. It is typically specified in boiler work, especially locomotive fireboxes. It also helps prevent embrittlement of oxygen-free copper by bismuth, antimony and lead by the formation of complex oxides. Copper with a larger percentage of arsenic is called arsenical bronze, which can be work-hardened much harder than copper.

See also 
Arsenical bronze
Arsenical brass

References 

Copper alloys
Steam boilers
Coinage metals and alloys
Arsenic
Service (systems architecture). In the contexts of software architecture, service-orientation and service-oriented architecture, the term service refers to a software functionality, or a set of software functionalities (such as the retrieval of specified information or the execution of a set of operations) with a purpose that different  clients can reuse for different purposes, together with the policies that should control its usage (based on the identity of the client requesting the service, for example).

 OASIS defines a service as "a mechanism to enable access to one or more capabilities, where the access is provided using a prescribed interface and is exercised consistent with constraints and policies as specified by the service description".

Service engineering

A business analyst, domain expert, and/or enterprise architecture team will develop the organization's service model first by defining the top level business functions. Once the business functions are defined, they are further partitioned and refined into services that represent the processes and activities needed to manage the assets of the organization in their various states. One example is the separation of the business function "Manage Orders" into services such as "Create Order", "Fulfill Order", "Ship Order", "Invoice Order" and "Cancel/Update Order". These business functions have to have a granularity that is adequate in the given project and domain context.

Many analysis and design methods can be used for service engineering, both general purpose ones such as OpenUP and Domain-Driven Design as well as those discussed under Service-oriented modeling.

Bibliography

Notes

Service-oriented (business computing)
CALPUFF. 
CALPUFF is an advanced, integrated Lagrangian puff modeling system for the simulation of atmospheric pollution dispersion distributed by the Atmospheric Studies Group at TRC Solutions.

It is maintained by the model developers and distributed by TRC.
The model has been adopted by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in its Guideline on Air Quality Models  as a preferred model for assessing long range transport of pollutants and their impacts on Federal Class I areas and on a case-by-case basis for certain near-field applications involving complex meteorological conditions.

The integrated modeling system consists of three main components and a set of preprocessing and postprocessing programs. The main components of the modeling system are CALMET (a diagnostic 3-dimensional meteorological model), CALPUFF (an air quality dispersion model), and CALPOST (a postprocessing package). Each of these programs has a graphical user interface (GUI). In addition to these components, there are numerous other processors that may be used to prepare geophysical (land use and terrain) data in many standard formats, meteorological data (surface, upper air, precipitation, and buoy data), and interfaces to other models such as the Penn State/NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5), the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Eta model and the RAMS meteorological model.

The CALPUFF model is designed to simulate the dispersion of buoyant, puff or continuous point and area pollution sources as well as the dispersion of buoyant, continuous line sources. The model also includes algorithms for handling the effect of downwash by nearby buildings in the path of the pollution plumes.

History

The CALPUFF model was originally developed by the Sigma Research Corporation (SRC) in the late 1980s under contract with the California Air Resources Board (CARB) and it was first issued in about 1990.

The Sigma Research Corporation subsequently became part of Earth Tech, Inc. After the US EPA designated CALPUFF as a preferred model in their Guideline on Air Quality Models, Earth Tech served as the designated distributor of the model.

In April 2006, ownership of the model switched from Earth Tech to the TRC Environmental Corporation.  More recently ownership transferred to Exponent, who are currently (December 2015) responsible for maintaining and distributing the model.

See also
Air pollution dispersion terminology
Atmospheric dispersion modeling
List of atmospheric dispersion models

References

Further reading

External links
src.com: Official CALPUFF website — ASG at TRC.
EPA.gov: Preferred and Recommended Models by the U.S. EPA

Air pollution
Atmospheric dispersion modeling
Air pollution in California
Air pollution in the United States