omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Oklahoma Space Industry Development Authority. The Oklahoma Space Industry Development Authority (OSIDA) is a development authority created by the state of Oklahoma to operate a spaceport near Burns Flat, Oklahoma.

The Authority's primary asset is the former Clinton-Sherman Industrial Airpark, a former military airport featuring a redundant 13,503-foot-long paved runway.  The airpark has been renamed the Oklahoma Air & Space Port.  Although the Oklahoma Spaceport received a Commercial Space Transportation license from the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration in June 2006, the Spaceport has not yet hosted any sub-orbital spaceflights or launches of spacecraft into earth orbit.  However, the facility is still listed as an FAA currently-licensed launch site as of June 2020.

The first executive director of the Authority was Bill Khourie.  Craig Smith became the new executive director in 2020 upon Khourie's retirement after 18 years of service.

See also
 California Space Authority
 New Mexico Spaceport Authority
 Space Florida
 Virginia Commercial Space Flight Authority

References

Aerospace business development agencies
State agencies of Oklahoma
Syndesmotic screw. A syndesmotic screw is a metal screw designed to replace the syndesmosis of the human body, usually temporarily. If the syndosmosis is torn apart as result of bone fracture, surgeons will sometimes fix the relevant bones together with a syndesmotic screw, temporarily replacing the normal articulation.

A syndesmotic screw designed to replace the inferior tibiofibular articulation that fix the tibia and fibula together at the lower joint, is 5–6 cm long and made of a stainless, solid metal.

The screw may inhibit normal movement of the bones and, thereby, the corresponding joint(s). When the natural articulation is healed, the screw may be removed.

References

External links
Syndesmotic injury of the ankle - Wheeless Textbook of Orthopaedics.
Technique of syndesmotic fixation - Wheeless Textbook of Orthopaedics.

Joints
George Amaro. George Amaro is a Brazilian computer scientist responsible for the connection of Roraima (Brazilian Amazon) to the Internet.

Biography
Amaro began his data communication work on the state of Roraima in 1985, when he connected an Apple II microcomputer in the service of "Video Texto" of Telesp and a microcomputer TRS-80 in "Projeto Cirandão" of Embratel.

At Embrapa Roraima, he developed a connection between the first corporate local area network of the state in 1991, in a client-server architecture (a 386/DX 33Mhz server with 8MB RAM and 80GB HD MFM connected through a network Amplus to 3 12 MHz PC/XT).

In 1992, he was responsible for the introduction of free and open source software in the state of Roraima, and set up the first Intel 386 PCs running Unix (SCO), which then became the first Linux server.

Also in 1992, he made the first Internet connection and Web access in Roraima, with the support of Embratel, using RENPAC 2000 and implementing TCP/IP on a PC. The method used was to create a TCP/IP tunnel over RENPAC, connecting a PC at his home to a minicomputer at Embrapa Informática Agropecuária (which was connected with FAPESP).

Together with two friends, Marcus Vinicius Quintella and João Claver, he designed and implemented the first Internet Service Provider (ISP) in Roraima, TechNet, in 1996, with servers based entirely on open source software. He left the company in December 2004, but all that has been built yet kept working.

With TechNet, he configured and operated the first Internet-connected servers in Roraima, and authored the official website of the State of Roraima in 1997.

Embryos arose from social networks, through online chat services, thus creating the first IRC server for Roraima in 1997, connecting to the Brasnet network, with the first channel chat being about the state and the then well known Canal Roraima (#Roraima). Online games were also introduced, with the creation of the first Quake server in Roraima in 1999.

In 2001, he and his colleagues designed and implemented one of the first wireless (WiFi) networks for public access in Roraima, initiating the first broadband connections.

With the evolution of the Internet and the possibility of creating dynamic sites, he created the first information portal for the State of Roraima in January 2002, based on PHP and MySQL.

References 

Brazilian computer scientists
History of Roraima
History of the Internet
People from Roraima
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Whole Building Design Guide. The Whole Building Design Guide or WBDG is guidance in the United States, described by the Federal Energy Management Program as "a complete internet resource to a wide range of building-related design guidance, criteria and technology", and meets the requirements in guidance documents for Executive Order 13123.  The WBDG is based on the premise that to create a successful high-performance building, one must apply an integrated design and team approach in all phases of a project, including  planning, design, construction, operations and maintenance. The WBDG is managed by the National Institute of Building Sciences.

History
The WBDG was initially designed to serve U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) construction programs. A 2003 DOD memorandum named WBDG the “sole portal to design and construction criteria produced by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC), and U.S. Air Force.” Since then, WBDG has expanded to serve all building industry professionals. The majority of its 500,000 monthly users are from the private sector.
The WBDG draws information from the Construction Criteria Base and a privately owned database run by Information Handling Services.

A significant amount of the Whole Building Design Guide content is organized by three  categories: Design Guidance, Project Management, and Operations and Maintenance. It is structured to provide WBDG visitors first a broad understanding then increasingly specific information more targeted towards building industry professionals. The WBDG is the resource that federal agencies look to for policy and technical guidance on Federal High Performance and Sustainable Buildings In addition, the WBDG contains online tools, the original Construction Criteria Base, Building Information Modeling guides and libraries, a database of select case studies, federal mandates and other resources. The WBDG also provides over 70 online continuing education courses for architects and other building professionals, free of charge.

Development
Development of the WBDG is a collaborative effort among federal agencies, private sector companies, non-profit organizations and educational institutions.
The WBDG web site maintained by the National Institute of Building Sciences through funding support from the DOD, the NAVFAC Engineering Innovation and Criteria Office, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the U.S. Air Force, the U.S. General Services Administration (GSA), the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), and the assistance of the Sustainable Buildings Industry Council (SBIC). A Board of Direction and an Advisory Committee consisting of representatives from over 25 participating federal agencies guide the development of the WBDG.

References

External links
Whole Building Design Guide
National Institute of Building Sciences

Building engineering
Building technology
Architecture websites
Online databases
Web portals
Building information modeling
JS Ōnami. is the second vessel of the s of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF).

Design
The hull design is generally based on the one of the Murasame class. However, as a part of weapons was changed, the internal structure has also been changed. And it was said that the large lattice mast was degrading its stealthiness in the Murasame class, so in this class, it was considered to change to two small masts, but it was not implemented.

Although its displacement become slightly increased, there is no change in its main engines, as it is not a big difference that has little effect on the performance of the ship.

Construction and career 
Ōnami was authorized under the Medium-term Defense Buildup Plan of 1996, and was built by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries shipyards in Nagasaki. She was laid down on 17 May 2000, launched on 20 September 2001. She was commissioned into service on 13 March 2003. and was initially assigned to the JMSDF Escort Flotilla 1 based at Yokosuka.

Ōnami, along with the destroyer   and supply ship Hamana were assigned to the Indian Ocean in November 2004 to provide assistance to the Japanese Iraq Reconstruction and Support Group. She returned to Japan in March 2005.

Ōnami participated in the Malabar 2007 joint naval exercises in the Bay of Bengal in September 2007 together with the destroyer . In July 2009, she participated in joint naval exercises in the Sea of Japan together with a number of warships from the Republic of Korea Navy.

On 4 December 2009, Ōnami was involved in a collision with the destroyer  off the coast of Kōchi Prefecture, but was able to return to port under her own power.

In January 2010, Ōnami, along with Sawagiri, was dispatched to Aden, Yemen to participate in anti-piracy escort operations off the coast of Somalia.  Approximately 2,000 merchant ships with ties to Japan, Japan-flagged or operated by Japanese firms pass through the busy shipping zone each year. The destroyer was part of the fourth rotation of JMSDF vessels patrolling in this region. She undertook 32 sorties, escorting 283 commercial vessels, and returned to Japan on 2 July 2010.

This ship was one of several in the JMSDF fleet participating in disaster relief after the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.

On 11 October 2011 she was dispatched to Aden again, together with her sister ship , to resume anti-piracy escort operations off the coast of Somalia. The context for this extended deployment off the Horn of Africa was the "Law on the Penalization of Acts of Piracy and Measures Against Acts of Piracy (Anti-Piracy Measures Law)".   She returned to Yokosuka on 12 March 2012

On 9 June 2012, Ōnami participated in JIMEX 12, the first naval exercise between the JMSDF and the Indian Navy, held in Sagami Bay, which commemorated 60 years of diplomatic relations between India and Japan.

Notes

References

 
Saunders, Stephen. IHS Jane's Fighting Ships 2013-2014. Jane's Information Group (2003). 

2001 ships
Takanami-class destroyers
Onami (DD-111)
Water-use efficiency. Water-use efficiency (WUE) refers to the ratio of plant biomass to water lost by transpiration, can be defined either at the leaf, at the whole plant or a population/stand/field level:

leaf level : photosynthetic water-use efficiency (also called instantaneous water-use efficiency WUEinst), which is defined as the ratio of the rate of net CO2 carbon assimilation (photosynthesis) to the rate of transpiration or stomatal conductance, then called intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE or Wi)
plant level :  water-use efficiency of productivity (also called integrated water-use efficiency or transpiration efficiency,TE), which is typically defined as the ratio of dry biomass produced to the rate of transpiration.
 field level : based on measurements of CO2 and water fluxes over a field of a crop or a forest, using the eddy covariance technique

Research to improve the water-use efficiency of crop plants has been ongoing from the early 20th century, however with difficulties to actually achieve crops with increased water-use efficiency.

Intrinsic water-use efficiency Wi usually increases during soil drought, due to stomatal closure and a reduction in transpiration, and is therefore often linked to drought tolerance. Observatios from several authors have however suggested that WUE would rather be linked to different drought response strategies, where
 low WUE plants could either correspond to a drought tolerance strategy, for example by anatomical adaptations reducing vulnerability to xylem cavitation, or to a drought avoidance/water spender strategy through a wide soil exploration by roots or a drought escape strategy due to early flowering
 whereas high WUE plants could correspond to a drought avoidance/water saving strategy, through drought-sensitive, early closing stomata.

Increases in water-use efficiency are commonly cited as a response mechanism of plants to moderate to severe soil water deficits and have been the focus of many programs that seek to increase crop tolerance to drought. However, there is some question as to the benefit of increased water-use efficiency of plants in agricultural systems, as the processes of increased yield production and decreased water loss due to transpiration (that is, the main driver of increases in water-use efficiency) are fundamentally opposed. If there existed a situation where water deficit induced lower transpirational rates without simultaneously decreasing photosynthetic rates and biomass production, then water-use efficiency would be both greatly improved and the desired trait in crop production.

Water-use efficiency is also a much studied trait in Plant ecology, where it has been used already in the early 20th century to study the ecological requirements of Herbaceous plants or forest trees, and is still used today, for example related to a drought-induced limitation of tree growth

References

Further reading 

 
 
 
 
 

 
Plant physiology
Geochemistry
Sikorsky S-5. The  Sikorsky S-5 was an early Russian single seat biplane design by Igor Sikorsky, completed in late April 1911.

Design and development 

The S-5 was powered by a  Argus water-cooled engine turning a propeller Sikorsky designed and built himself. The fabric covering the wooden wings was tightened with pure alcohol and glue mixed with boiling water. The fuselage structure was left exposed. Instead of separate levers to control the elevator and ailerons as in his previous aircraft, Sikorsky designed a single control lever with a wheel allowing control of pitch and roll. This "control column" included a button switch to momentarily deactivate the ignition thereby controlling engine power. The rudder controls were reversed, because it better suited Sikorsky's tactility of the machine.

Operational history
The S-5 was tested in a series of 20 to 30-second straight-line flights, over a period of three weeks, before the designer was able to make what he called his first real flight of four minutes, in a circuit of the field, on 17 May 1911.

After outperforming Imperial Russian Army aircraft during manoeuvres watched by Czar Nicholas II in September, the S-5 earned Igor Sikorsky his first income with a series of exhibition flights during a country fair at Belaya Tserkov, near Kiev. Between nine and ten flying hours were logged before the S-5 was lost in late fall. The crash was caused by fuel starvation due to debris (a mosquito) blocking the carburetor jet.

Specifications

References

S-005
1910s Russian experimental aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Rotary-engined aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1911
Charged-device model. The charged-device model (CDM) is a model for characterizing the susceptibility of an electronic device to damage from electrostatic discharge (ESD). The model is an alternative to the human-body model (HBM). 

Devices that are classified according to CDM are exposed to a charge at a standardized voltage level, and then tested for survival. If it withstands this voltage level, it is tested at the next level and so on, until the device fails. 

CDM is standardized as ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC joint standard JS-002.

See also
 Human-body model
 Transmission-line pulse

External links 
 JEDEC standard JS-002-2014, ESDA/JEDEC Joint Standard for Electrostatic Discharge Sensitivity Testing - Charged Device Model (CDM) - Device Level

Electrical breakdown
Electrical safety
Electrostatics
Mehran Mesbahi. Mehran Mesbahi is an Iranian-American control theorist and aerospace engineer. He is a Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics, and Adjunct Professor of Electrical Engineering and Mathematics at the University of Washington in Seattle. His research is on systems and control theory over networks, optimization, and aerospace controls.

Mehran Mesbahi earned his Ph.D. from the University of Southern California in June 1996. From July 1996 until December 1999, he was with the Guidance and Control Analysis Group of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory at California Institute of Technology. During this time, he also had appointments in the Department of Electrical Engineering- Systems at USC (1997–1998) and in the Department of Control and Dynamical Systems at Caltech (1998–1999). From January 2000 to July 2002, he was an assistant professor of aerospace engineering and mechanics at the University of Minnesota-Twin Cities.

Honors and awards
 IEEE Fellow
 University of Washington College of Engineering Innovator Award, 2008
 University of Washington Distinguished Teaching Award, 2005
 NASA Space Act Award, 2004
 National Science Foundation CAREER Award, 2001

Selected publications 
 M. Mesbahi and  Magnus Egerstedt, Graph-theoretic Methods in Multiagent Networks, Princeton University Press, 2010.
 A. Rahmani, M. Ji, M. Mesbahi, and M. Egerstedt. Controllability of multi-agent systems from a graph theoretic perspective, SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization, 48 (1): 162-186, 2009.
 M. Mesbahi. On state-dependent dynamic graphs and their controllability properties, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control (50) 3: 387- 392, 2005.
 Y. Hatano and M. Mesbahi. Agreement over random networks, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, (50) 11: 1867-1872, 2005.
 M. Mesbahi and F. Y. Hadaegh. Formation flying of multiple spacecraft via graphs, matrix inequalities, and switching, AIAA Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, (24) 2: 369-377, 2001.

References

External links 
 Homepage
 RainLab
 Mathematics Genealogy Project profile

Control theorists
Living people
USC Viterbi School of Engineering alumni
University of Minnesota faculty
University of Washington faculty
Fellows of the IEEE
Year of birth missing (living people)
JS Makinami. is the third vessel of the s of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF).

Design
The hull design is generally based on the one of the Murasame class. However, as a part of weapons was changed, the internal structure has also been changed. And it was said that the large lattice mast was degrading its stealthiness in the Murasame class, so in this class, it was considered to change to two small masts, but it was not implemented.

Although its displacement become slightly increased, there is no change in its main engines, as it is not a big difference that has little effect on the performance of the ship.

Construction and career 
Makinami was authorized under the Medium-term Defense Buildup Plan of 1996, and was built by IHI Marine United shipyards in Yokohama. She was laid down on 17 July 2001, launched on 8 August 2002. She was commissioned into service on 18 March 2004. and was initially assigned to the JMSDF Escort Flotilla 2 based at Sasebo.

Makinami, along with the fleet oiler Towada were assigned to the Indian Ocean in November 2006 to provide assistance in refueling anti-terrorist coalition forces in Afghanistan as part of Operation Enduring Freedom. She returned to Japan in March 2007.

In November 2010, Makinami, along with the destroyer , was dispatched to Aden, Yemen to participate in anti-piracy escort operations off the coast of Somalia.  The destroyer was part of the sixth rotation of JMSDF vessels patrolling in this region. She undertook 28 sorties, returning to Japan on 11 January 2011. On 15 March 2011, she was reassigned to the JMSDF Escort Flotilla 3, based at Ōminato in Aomori Prefecture.

On 13 August 2012 Makinami was dispatched to Aden again, together with the destroyer , to resume anti-piracy escort operations off the coast of Somalia. The context for this extended deployment off the Horn of Africa was the "Law on the Penalization of Acts of Piracy and Measures Against Acts of Piracy (Anti-Piracy Measures Law)".    Approximately 2,000 merchant ships with ties to Japan, Japan-flagged or operated by Japanese firms pass through the busy shipping zone each year.

Makinami returned to Yokosuka on 11 February 2013 and remains assigned to the Third Squadron of the JMSDF Escort Flotilla 3. In October 2013, Makinami participated in the International Fleet Review 2013 in Sydney, Australia.

In July 2021, it participated in the Pacific Vanguard 2021 (PACVAN) joint exercise off the coast of Australia.

On 21 May 2022, Makinami, , and the replenishment oiler,  trailed the PLAN  carrier strike group going towards Miyako-jima.

Notes

References

 
Saunders, Stephen. IHS Jane's Fighting Ships 2013-2014. Jane's Information Group (2003). 

2002 ships
Takanami-class destroyers
Ships built by IHI Corporation
JS Sazanami. is the fourth vessel of the s of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF).

Design
The hull design is generally based on the one of the Murasame class. However, as a part of weapons was changed, the internal structure has also been changed. And it was said that the large lattice mast was degrading its stealthiness in the Murasame class, so in this class, it was considered to change to two small masts, but it was not implemented.

Although its displacement become slightly increased, there is no change in its main engines, as it is not a big difference that has little effect on the performance of the ship.

Construction and career 
Sazanami was authorized under the Medium-term Defense Buildup Plan of 1996, and was built by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries shipyards in Nagasaki. She was laid down on 4 April 2002, launched on 29 August 2003. She was commissioned into service on 16 February 2005. and was initially assigned to the JMSDF Escort Flotilla 2 based at Sasebo.

Sazanami, along with the fleet oiler Maiyu were assigned to the Indian Ocean in June 2006 to provide assistance in refueling anti-terrorist coalition forces in Afghanistan as part of Operation Enduring Freedom. She returned to Japan in November 2006.

On 24 June 2008, Sazanami was the first JMSDF ship to bring disaster relief to the Chinese port of Zhanjiang following the 2008 Sichuan earthquake. According to China Daily, the Japanese media sent more than 60 reporters to cover the event.

From 14 March 2009, Sazanami, along with the destroyer , was sent to the Gulf of Aden to participate in anti-piracy escort operations and to provide humanitarian assistance. The destroyer was the first of a series of JMSDF vessels deployed in rotation to patrol this region.  Approximately 2,000 merchant ships with ties to Japan, Japan-flagged or operated by Japanese firms pass through the busy shipping channel each year. On 5 April 2009, she responded to a distress call made by a Singaporean-registered tanker, using a LRAD to warn approaching pirates away. She returned to Japan on 16 August 2009.

On 15 March 2011, Sazanami, along with the destroyer , was again dispatched to Aden, Yemen to anti-piracy escort operations off the coast of Somalia.  The destroyer was part of the eighth rotation of JMSDF vessels patrolling in this region. She undertook 28 sorties, returning to Japan on 16 August 2011. During this deployment, Sazanami also made a courtesy port call at Colombo, Sri Lanka.

Sazanami is currently assigned to the Eight Squadron of the JMSDF Escort Flotilla 4 based at Kure, Hiroshima.

Notes

References

 
Saunders, Stephen. IHS Jane's Fighting Ships 2013-2014. Jane's Information Group (2003). 

2003 ships
Takanami-class destroyers
Sazanami (DD-113)