omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Greenwood Witch. The Greenwood Witch is an American ultralight aircraft that was designed and produced by Marvin Greenwood. The aircraft was supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

Design and development
The Witch was designed to comply with the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules, including the category's maximum empty weight of . The aircraft has a standard empty weight of . It features a strut-braced high-wing, T-tail, a single-seat, open cockpit, tricycle landing gear and a single engine in pusher configuration.

The aircraft is of mixed construction, including bolted-together aluminum tubing, 4130 steel tubing, wood and dope and aircraft fabric. Its  span wing is supported by a single lift strut per side, with jury struts, and incorporates a unique folding mechanism. The wing folds by first hinging the outer panels onto the inner panels and then the whole wing pivots on a central steel post to allow positioning fore-and-aft for towing on its landing gear or for storage.

The Witch accommodates its pilot on an open seat, with a small cockpit fairing with a windshield. The controls are conventional three-axis, with half-span ailerons and an all-flying stabilator. The tricycle landing gear features nose wheel steering and includes a small tail caster. The standard engine supplied was the Zenoah G-25 single cylinder, two-stroke aircraft engine of . The engine is mounted underneath the center of the wing and drives the pusher propeller though a short extension shaft.

Specifications (Witch)

See also

References

External links
Photo of a Witch 

1980s United States ultralight aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Aircraft with fixed tricycle landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
Calcium copper titanate. Calcium copper titanate (also abbreviated CCTO, for calcium copper titanium oxide) is an inorganic compound with the formula CaCu3Ti4O12.  It is noteworthy for its extremely large dielectric constant (effective relative permittivity) of over 10,000 at room temperature.

History 
CCTO was first synthesized in 1967 by Alfred Deschanvres and his coworkers. While the structural features were known, no physical properties had been measured. In 2000, Mas Subramanian and his colleagues at DuPont Central R&D discovered that CCTO displayed a dielectric constant greater than 10,000, compared to the normal dielectric SrTiO3, which has a constant of 300 at room temperature. Since then, it has found widespread usage in capacitor applications.

Synthesis and structure 
Most compounds which form this crystal structure are made under high-pressure conditions.  Pure CCTO, however, can be easily synthesized by standard solid state methods via intimate mixtures of the metal carbonate and oxide precursors at temperatures between 1000 and 1200 °C.
 4TiO2 + CaCO3 + 3CuO → CaCu3Ti4O12 + CO2
The CaCu3Ti4O12 structure type is derived from the cubic perovskite structure, by an octahedral tilting distortion as is GdFeO3. In both cases the distortion is driven by a mismatch between the size of the A-cations and the cubic ReO3 network. However, CaCu3Ti4O12 and GdFeO3 adopt different patterns of octahedral tilting (a−b+a− and a+a+a+ in Glazer notation). The octahedral tilting distortion associated with the GdFeO3 structure leads to a structure where all of the A-cation environments are identical. In contrast, the octahedral tilting distortion associated with the CaCu3Ti4O12 structure produces a structure where 75% of the A-cation sites (A" sites) have square planar coordination, while 25% of the A-cation sites remain 12 coordinate. The square planar sites are almost always filled by Jahn-Teller ion such as Cu2+ or Mn3+, while the A' site is always occupied by a larger ion.

Dielectric properties 
Using the Clausius-Mossotti relation, the calculated intrinsic dielectric constant should be 49. However, CCTO exhibits a dielectric constant upwards of 10,200 at 1 MHz, with a low loss tangent until approximately 300 °C. In addition, the relative dielectric constant increases with decreasing frequency (in the range of 1 MHz to 1 kHz).

The colossal-dielectric phenomenon is attributed to a grain boundary (internal) barrier layer capacitance (IBLC) instead of an intrinsic property associated with the crystal structure. This barrier layer electrical microstructure with effective permittivity values in excess of 10, 000 can be fabricated by single-step processing in air at ~1100 °C.  CCTO is therefore an attractive option to the currently used BaTiO3-based materials which require complex, multistage processing routes to produce IBLCs of similar capacity.

Because there is a large discrepancy between the observed dielectric constant and the calculated intrinsic constant, the true origin of this phenomenon is still under debate.

References

External links
 

Titanates
Copper(II) compounds
Calcium compounds
Auguste Detœuf. Auguste Alburt Prudent Detœuf (6 August 1883 – 11 April 1947) was a French economist, essayist, and industrialist.

Biography

Early life and education 
Auguste Detœuf studied at Polytechnique University (class of 1902), then became a general engineer for roads and bridges.

Career 
He began working in 1908 at the hydraulic works of the navy in Cherbourg. He was then appointed to Le Havre in 1912. He became interested in the problems of port operations and implemented his ideas during the First World War. He was then assigned to the technical commission for navigable waterways.

From director of the port of Strasbourg, he became general manager of Thomson-Houston. From 1928 to 1940, he was the first chairman of Alstom.

Involved in the upheavals of his time, Detœuf gave a famous speech in 1936 to the X-Crise group entitled "The end of liberalism". In 1938, he took part in the Walter Lippmann colloquium where, on certain themes, he opposed Ludwig von Mises. He is also one of the founders of the magazine Nouveaux Cahiers, which campaigns for the rapprochement of employers with trade unions.

Under the Occupation, Detœuf was president of one of the "organizing committees" created by the Vichy regime, that of the electrical construction industries. He is also a member of the Economic Studies Council, which meets twice a month with the Minister of the Economy in Vichy.

1883 births
1947 deaths
20th-century French economists
École Polytechnique alumni
French industrialists
People of the French Third Republic
French male essayists
20th-century French essayists
20th-century French male writers
Natel Energy. Natel Energy is an Alameda, California-based designer of low- and medium-head hydropower systems. Since its founding in 2009 by Gia and Abe Schneider, Natel has received funding from the United States Department of Energy and Small Business Innovation Research Program to support commercialization of its technologies.

Natel completed its first commercial installation in partnership with the Buckeye Water Conservation and Drainage District in Buckeye, Arizona, in early 2010. Natel now has three installations of its latest turbine design (the "Restoration Hydro Turbine"), in Maine, Oregon, and Austria.

References

External links
 Official website

Renewable energy technology companies
Engineering companies of the United States
Hydroelectricity in the United States
Ultralite Soaring Wizard. The Ultralite Soaring Wizard is an American ultralight aircraft that was designed and produced by Ultralite Soaring Inc. The aircraft was supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

Design and development
Developed from the Eipper Quicksilver E, the Wizard was designed before the introduction of the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules, but complies with them, including the category's maximum empty weight of . The W1 model has a standard empty weight of . It features a cable-braced high-wing, a single-seat, open cockpit, tricycle landing gear and a single engine in pusher configuration. It differs from the Quicksilver primarily in the configuration of the tail boom tubes and the use of drooped wing tips.

The Wizard is made from bolted-together aluminum tubing, with its flying surfaces covered in Dacron sailcloth. Its single-surface  span wing has its cabling supported by a single tube style kingpost. The landing gear uses tube flexing for suspension and features a fixed nose wheel. On the early models the pilot is accommodated on a sling seat suspended from the main wing keel tube, to allow weight-shift control. The standard engine supplied was the single cylinder, two-stroke Yamaha KT-100S of , although a Kawasaki 440 snowmobile engine producing  was optional.

The Wizard was commercially successful and a large number were completed and flown. Construction time from the supplied assembly kit is about 100 hours.

Variants
Wizard W1
Initial model with a weight-shift control system and no aerodynamic controls.
Wizard J2
Improved model with a hybrid control system, utilizing weight-shift plus spoilers for roll control and an elevator for pitch control.
Wizard J-3
Three axis control version with elevator, rudder and spoilers. Standard powerplant supplied was the Kawasaki 440 snowmobile engine producing . This model introduced a fixed seat, steerable nose wheel and brakes. Empty weight , gross weight . Very similar to the Eipper Quicksilver MX.
Wizard J-3 Magnum
Three axis control version with elevator, rudder and ailerons. Standard powerplant supplied was the Kawasaki 440 snowmobile engine producing .
Wizard T3
Two seat model.

Aircraft on display
Museo del Aire, Madrid, Spain - T3 two seat model

Specifications (Wizard W1)

See also
Laron Wizard, a different aircraft with the same model name

References

External links
Photo of a Wizard W1 in flight
Photo of a Wizard T3 in the Museo de Aeronautica Y Astronautica

1970s United States ultralight aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Carson D. Jeffries. Carson Dunning Jeffries (March 22, 1922 – October 18, 1995) was an American physicist.
The National Academies Press said that Jeffries "made major fundamental contributions to knowledge of nuclear magnetism, electronic spin relaxation, dynamic nuclear polarization, electron-hole droplets, nonlinear dynamics and chaos, and high-temperature superconductors."
He was noted for being the first to observe the isotropic spin-spin exchange interaction in metals (also known as the Ruderman-Kittel interaction).
He also discovered methods for the dynamic nuclear polarization by saturation of forbidden microwave resonance transitions in solids.
He also discovered the existence of giant electron-hole droplets in semiconductors.
He was a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Life and career 
Jeffries was born in Lake Charles, Louisiana.
Jeffries graduated from Louisiana State University in 1943 with a B.S. degree, and received his doctorate from Stanford University in 1951 where his advisor was Felix Bloch.
He joined the faculty of the University of California, Berkeley in 1952 and stayed there for his entire career. Known students of the 35 whose dissertations he advised are R Victor Jones and Robert Moore Westervelt, both professors at Harvard.

See also
Inverse cyclotron converter

References 

1922 births
1995 deaths
20th-century American physicists
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Stanford University alumni
University of California, Berkeley College of Letters and Science faculty
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Louisiana State University alumni
Charles A. Holloway. Charles Arthur Holloway has been a professor at Stanford University's Graduate School of Business since 1968 and has been a member of SRI International's board of directors since 2003.

In 1990, he founded the Alliance for Innovative Manufacturing at Stanford. He is also a co-founder of the Stanford Center for Entrepreneurial Studies and serves on the boards of Annuity Systems, Freedom Financial Corporation, Lexy, Neato Robots and Occam.

References

Living people
Directors of SRI International
Stanford University Graduate School of Business faculty
University of California, Los Angeles alumni
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
ACARM (software). ACARM (Alert Correlation, Assessment and Reaction Module) is an open source intrusion detection system. It was developed as a part of POSITIF project between 2004 and 2007. It was written as a practical proof of concept, presented in the article.

Filters architecture 
The following image shows chain-like architecture for filters, as used in the system.

Each alert enters each filter, stays there for a specified amount of time and proceeds further in chain. Main issue with such an approach is that alter can be reported only after its processing is done, which in turn takes at least few minutes.

Notes 
Project is no longer maintained. It has been replaced with new, plug-in-based ACARM-ng.

See also 

 ACARM-ng
 Intrusion detection system (IDS)
 Prelude Hybrid IDS
 BEEP

References

Free software programmed in Java (programming language)
Java (programming language) software
Armand Deperdussin. Armand Deperdussin (July 8, 1864 in Liège, Belgium – June 11, 1924 in Paris) was a French industrialist and aviation pioneer. Having established himself as a silk-broker, he became involved in the aviation industry in 1910 after witnessing the triumphs of aviator Louis Blériot, founding Société de Production des Aéroplanes Deperdussin.

In 1912 he bought Champagne Airfield, and built 30 workshops and other buildings, founding one of the first flying schools.

He hired aircraft designer Louis Béchereau, who designed monohull aircraft whose streamlined shapes achieved previously unattainable performance. With dedicated staff and revolutionary technical advances, the company won many prizes, especially the international  Gordon Bennett Trophy in France in 1912 with pilot Jules Védrines, who became the first pilot to fly over 100 mph [], and again in 1913 with pilot Maurice Prévost, who flew .

The company went bankrupt in August 1913, and Deperdussin was disgraced in 1913 when he was accused of obtaining bank loans by fraud and forgery.  He was not brought to trial until 1917, and on March 30, 1917 he was convicted of embezzling 32 million francs from his company, fined 1,000 francs, and jailed for five years

The company was renamed the Société Pour L'Aviation et ses Dérivés (SPAD) when it was taken over by Blériot Aéronautique in 1914.

Deperdussin committed suicide in 1924.

References

1864 births
1924 suicides
Businesspeople from Liège
French aerospace engineers
French industrialists
Businesspeople from Paris
Suicides by firearm in France
Burials at Batignolles Cemetery
1924 deaths
DCEbus. DCEbus is a computer bus standard, originally developed for industrial control computers interfacing to the "real world" by the Belgian company Data Applications International. It is physically based on Eurocard sizes, mechanicals and 31-pin connectors (DIN 41617 similar to the DIN 41612 but simpler), and using its own signalling system, which Eurocard does not define. It was first developed in 1970 but was never adopted by any other company.  

The 24 I/O lines available on the DCEbus (from an Intel 8255 of the controlling computer) could be used directly, or could use the "DCE bus mode", in which the 24 I/O lines were grouped in three groups of eight I/O lines, of which the first group was used for data, and of the second group two were used for read and write strobes, and one for "bus expansion", the third group was used for eight "card address lines". Most often these setup was used to control another Intel 8255 on the actual interface card. The remaining seven pins of the 31-pin DIN connector were used for power and ground signals.

Available cards

About twenty interface cards were available:

 RWC-T24       Generic TTL interface module
 RWC-D12        Isolated digital input and output module
 RWC-DI24       Isolated digital input module
 RWC-AI            Analog Input module
 RWC-V8/16    Analog high speed Data Acquisition module
 RWC-A02        Analog Output module
 RWC-CCE        Double serial communication module
 RWC-SLD        Serial linecontrol module
 RWC-MC/DC  DC Current control module
 RWC-HC/DC  DC Large current control module
 RWC-PTM       Position and temperature measurement module
 RWC-MUX       4-wire multiplex module
 RWC-IEC         IEC (IEEE) Bus module
 RWC-F             Experimental module
 RWC-SBM        Bus system monitor
 RWC-PWR        Power supply
 RWC-PWR/H   Power supply larger systems
 RWC-PRG        EPROM programmer module
 RWC-FM/BSC Bisynchronous serial IBM protocol

References

Computer buses
Hakaru Masumoto. Hakaru Masumoto (1895–1987) was a pioneer in metal and alloy research. He discovered numerous superior and unique alloys, and contributed to improving the performance of precision machinery.

A student of Kotaro Honda, Masumoto developed a magnetic metal powder Sendust in 1936, and was the winner of the Imperial Prize of the Japan Academy in 1946.

References 

1895 births
1987 deaths
People from Hiroshima
Japanese metallurgists
Academic staff of Tohoku University
Tohoku University alumni
Grand Cordons of the Order of the Rising Sun
Recipients of the Order of Culture
DC Avanti. The DC Avanti is a coupe styled sports car produced by DC Design, an Indian design firm originally headed by Dilip Chhabria. Its name was based on the Studebaker Avanti. It was unveiled at the 2012 Auto Expo in New Delhi. The Avanti is powered by 2.0-litre four-cylinder turbocharged petrol engine producing 250 bhp with a six-speed manual transmission. A limited edition model launched in 2015 comes with 310 bhp output and paddle shifters.

Design
The car's frame is made of composite high steel and the  body consists of carbon composite, to create a strong, yet lightweight vehicle.

Interior
The interior was designed primarily with leather which is used primarily on the doors, dashboard and seats. The instrument cluster, steering wheel, and AC are all included in basic units.

Exterior
The car is available in red, white, silver, blue, orange, grey or yellow, with black stripes.

The headlamps are bi-xenon units with LED DRLS shaped like eyebrows. Foils are added at the back to boost air intake to complement a single air vent located on top. The vehicle also has a long low bonnet that dips in the middle to emphasize the DC Design logo.

The car has all-wheel disc brakes and 20" alloy wheels.

Engine and gearbox
It is powered by a 2-litre, 4-cylinder, turbocharged, petrol EURO-4 compliant engine, sourced from Renault. This is mated to a six-speed, dual clutch transmission, and drives the rear wheels.

Sales
The Avanti has been on sale since 2015.   According to official figures, as of December 29, 2020, 127 DC Avanti cars were sold in India and abroad.

Specifications

Engine
The Avanti uses a Renault 2 Litre Petrol Turbo Engine.

References

Sports cars
Cars introduced in 2012
Cars discontinued in 2020
Wright Model H. The Wright Model H and Wright Model HS were enclosed fuselage aircraft built by the Wright Company

Design and development
A direct development of the Model F, the Model H introduced side by side seating for the two pilots, with long-span wings similar to the Model F. A short-span version was also produced as the Model HS, marketed as a "Military Flyer" with the improvement of an enclosed fuselage and dual controls. Its wings were shorter than the Model H for increased speed.

The Model H was a two place, side-by-side configuration seating, open cockpit, biplane with twin rudders, powered with a single engine, propelled by two chain driven pusher propellers. The engine was fully enclosed in the nose of the aircraft with a driveshaft running rearward to the propeller drive chains.

Operational history
Howard Reinhart purchased a Wright Model HS for Pancho Villa, who hired him in support of his insurgent force. It was one of three aircraft in his small air force.

In 2003, a Wright propeller matching the Model HS specifications was auctioned for over US$25,000. The construction of the propeller was hand carved wood with a linen covering, metal tips and a custom finish.

Variants
Model H (1914)  span 3-bay wings similar to the Model F, also introduced side-by-side seating.
Model HS (1915) Short span  2-bay wings

Specifications (Wright Model HS)

References

External links

Air Force photos of the Wright Model HS
Image at Library of Congress

Model HS
Single-engined twin-prop pusher aircraft
Scratch input. In computing, scratch input is an acoustic-based method of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) that takes advantage of the characteristic sound produced when a finger nail or other object is dragged over a surface, such as a table or wall. The technique is not limited to fingers; a stick or writing implements (e.g. chalk, or a pen) can also be used. The sound is often inaudible to the naked ear (i.e., silent). However, specialized microphones can digitize the sounds for interactive purposes. Scratch input was invented by Mann et al. in 2007, though the term was first used by Chris Harrison et al.

History 
A natural interface for musical expression operating on scratch input principles was first published and presented in June 2007. Later that year, it was extended to an implementation on a smartphone and also a wearable computer system.

In 2008, the Scratch Input project demonstrated a mobile device input system utilizing scratch input, simultaneously popularizing the term. This system captured audio transmitted through a surface on which a mobile phone was placed, enabling the entire surface to be used as an input device.

Uses 
Scratch input is an enabling input technique that is used in multitude of applications. The earliest application was a highly expressive musical instrument (Mann et al.) for use with mobile devices on natural objects, surfaces, or the like, as a non-synthesizing (i.e. idiophonic) musical instrument. Harrison et al. proposed it to create large, ad hoc gestural input areas when mobile devices are rested on tables.

Commercial potential 
Microsoft has expressed interest in Scratch Input.

See also 
 Scratch Input with ice skates
 Vision-assisted Scratch Input
 Scratch Input explanation and demonstration

References 

Human–computer interaction
User interfaces
Experimental musical instruments
Canadian inventions