omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Milliput. Milliput is a UK-based brand of epoxy putty used by modellers, and also for household and restoration applications. Created in 1968 by Jack and Lena Rickman, Milliput was initially marketed for use in DIY and car body repair projects. In 1970, the company realised that the material was used to sculpt models, and started to steer their product towards the modelling market.

Use 
Milliput is available in six different colours; it can, however, be painted with various kinds of paint. Each package contains two separate bars, one of which is a hardener. Upon mixing an equal quantity of each different bar the material starts to harden, and hardens fully in 24 hours, after which it can be carved, sanded, drilled and sculpted. The product can be used for sculpture, making and repairing miniature models, restoring porcelain and other clay pots, plugging holes or rotted areas in engines and boats, plumbing and other applications.

External links 
 Milliput
 David Neat - Modelling With Milliput
 Scale Model Guide - Milliput Putty

Adhesives
Sculpture materials
Swedish Maritime Administration. The Swedish Maritime Administration () is the government agency in Sweden which provides services to the transport sector by keeping the sea lanes open and safe. The agency is to a certain degree financed through fees levied on commercial shipping.

The main services of the Maritime Administration include: pilotage, maintenance of marine fairways, ice-breaking, hydrographics, maritime search and rescue, seamen's service. It also maintains the lighthouses and other aids to navigation of Sweden. Until 1 January 2009, it also was responsible for  maritime safety inspection. Seagoing vessels navigating the Baltic Sea must meet certain ice class requirement. While its mainly deals with merchant shipping, other maritime activities are also taken into account.

Sjöfartsverket runs the Joint Rescue Center Gothenburg.

See also
 List of lighthouses and lightvessels in Sweden
 P2 – Svenskt Vrakskydd
 Sea traffic management
 Swedish Coast Guard

References

External links
 

Government agencies of Sweden
Transport organizations based in Sweden
Lighthouse organizations
National hydrographic offices
Maritime transport authorities
Secure-adaptive architecture. Pertaining to web services, Secure-Adaptive Architecture (SAA) refers to a particular approach towards the security management issues inherent in data transfer over computer networks, relating to certain services, such as micropayments.

Minimalist approach
In SAA, personal information (such as an end-user's name, banking information, or personal identity numbers such as Social Security numbers) is not retained.  This has two main benefits:  For the end-user, the chance of identity theft and fraud is considerably reduced.  For the service provider, it means that direct communication with the end-user's financial institution is unnecessary.

Security techniques
SAA uses "best in class" proven security techniques to ensure the safe transfer of data through network resources.  These include protocols such as SSL communications, client-side authentication and AES encryption.

Monitoring
SAA requires consistent and pervasive, real-time monitoring of network resources to ensure security.

See also
Adaptive architecture

Web services
Halved joint. A halved joint is a woodworking joint in which the two members are joined by removing material from each at the point of intersection so that they overlap. The halved joint is differentiated from the lap joint in that the members are joined on edge, rather than on flat.

The simple halved joint is created by cutting a slot in opposite edges of the members to be joined so that they slip together. Most commonly, the amount of material removed is equal to half the width of the members being joined, although this depends on the relative dimensions of the members. This joint is relatively weak and prone to splitting, due to the lack of shoulders which would otherwise prevent twisting. When extra strength is required, a strengthened version of the joint is called for. This involves a more elaborate cut out which incorporates shoulders to prevent twisting of the joint.

Applications
 Partitions in trays and drawers
 Construction of torsion boxes

Methods
Halved joints can be cut by the following methods:

Hand saw and chisel
circular saw with multiple passes (depending on width and depth)
dado set in a single pass
electric router using a straight or rebate bit
spindle moulder
Laser cutter

See also
Bridle joint
Lap joint

Notes

Joinery
Bondwell. Bondwell Industrial Co. Inc. was a US and Hong Kong manufacturer of personal computers during the 1980s (1981-1993).

History

In the early 1980s, Bondwell sold a line of Z80, CP/M-80 based Osborne-like luggables such as the models Bondwell-12, Bondwell-14 and Bondwell-16. An exceptional feature in these was a built-in speech synthesizer. Their prices were exceptionally affordable for the time, although significant trade-offs were made in regard to durability, for instance the chassis was rather flimsy plastic, falling far short of the ruggedness usually expected of luggables. The fanless power supply unit, located under the motherboard, often caused trouble. The choice of peripheral I/O devices made the use of interrupts virtually impossible.

The Bondwell-12, introduced in 1984, was a "luggable" portable computer with a built-in 9 inch (23 cm) monochrome CRT display, equipped with 64 KB of internal memory, CP/M 2.2 and two single-sided, double density, 5.25 inch floppy disk drives (180 KB).

The Bondwell-14, introduced in 1984, had 128 KB of memory, CP/M 3.0 and two double-sided drives (360 KB).

The Bondwell-16, introduced in 1985, had CP/M 3.0, one double-sided drive and a hard disk drive with a capacity of a bit less than 10 MB.

The Bondwell-2, introduced in 1985, was a portable computer with 64 KB of memory, CP/M 2.2 and one single-sided, double density 3.5 inch floppy disk (360 KB). 256 and 512 KB memory extensions were available. It was one of the earliest portables, as well as one of the few battery-powered CP/M computers.

The more advanced Bondwell-18 model featured MS-DOS and the x86 architecture.

Bondwell Model 8, introduced in 1986, was a 5.5 kg, 284 x 78 x 310 mm, lap-top portable computer. It featured an Intel 80C88 processor running at 4.77 MHz, a back-lit LCD display with 80 x 25 characters or 640 x 200 graphic a built in battery and a 3.5" 720 KB floppy drive.It had a 76 keys keyboard and the US version had a built-in 300 baud modem.

Bondwell also produced a range of 286-based portable computers such as the B310 Plus. Later models were 386 based machines.

Circa 1988, Bondwell also got involved in creating one of the first universal remote controllers BW-5010. The BW-5010 could control up to 5 devices and featured a backlight.

Bondwell was later transformed into Remotec Technology Ltd in 1993.

References

External links
 Bondwell 12 & 14, Albert's Virtual Computer Museum

American companies established in 1981
American companies disestablished in 1993
Computer companies established in 1981
Computer companies disestablished in 1993
Defunct computer companies of the United States
Defunct computer hardware companies
Electronics companies established in 1981
Electronics companies disestablished in 1993
Real user monitoring. Real user monitoring (RUM) is a passive monitoring technology that records all user interaction with a website or client interacting with a server or cloud-based application. Monitoring actual user interaction with a website or an application is important to operators to determine if users are being served quickly and without errors and, if not, which part of a business process is failing. Software as a service (SaaS) and application service providers (ASP) use RUM to monitor and manage service quality delivered to their clients. Real user monitoring data is used to determine the actual service-level quality delivered to end-users and to detect errors or slowdowns on websites. The data may also be used to determine if changes that are propagated to sites have the intended effect or cause errors.

Organizations typically use RUM to test changes within the production environment or to anticipate behavioral changes in a website or application by using A/B testing or other techniques. As technology shifts more and more to hybrid environments like cloud, fat clients, widgets, and apps, it becomes more and more important to monitor the usage of applications from within the client itself.

Real user monitoring is typically "passive monitoring" i.e., the RUM device collects web traffic without having any effect on the operation of the site. In most cases, a form of JavaScript is injected into the page or native code within the application to provide feedback from the browser or client. This data is collected from various individuals and consolidated.  

RUM can be very helpful in identifying and troubleshooting last-mile issues. RUM differs from synthetic monitoring in that it relies on actual people clicking on the page to take measurements rather than automated tests simply going over a given set of test steps.

References

Network management
Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research. The Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research () is a scientific center in the field of polymer science located in Mainz, Germany. The institute was founded in 1983 by Erhard W. Fischer and Gerhard Wegner. Belonging to the Chemistry, Physics and Technology Section, it is one of over 80 institutes in the Max Planck Society (Max-Planck-Gesellschaft).

Research
Using a basic research approach, its scientists strive to design and characterize innovative applications in the fields of electronics, energy technology, medicine and nanomaterials. The institute specializes in new approaches to synthesis, supramolecular architectures, developing new methods, functional materials and components, structure and dynamics and surfaces and interfaces.

Organization
The beginning of 2014 saw a total of 511 people working at the institute, of whom 134 were supported by third-party funding and 79 were privately sponsored. The workforce was made up of 123 scientists, 150 doctoral and diploma students, 41 visiting scientists and 164 technical, administrative and auxiliary staff, altogether from approximately 40 different countries.

Departments
The MPIP consists of six departments each managed by a director:

 Molecular Electronics, Paul Blom
 Molecular Spectroscopy, Mischa Bonn
 Physics of Interfaces, Hans-Jürgen Butt
 Polymer Theory, Kurt Kremer
 Physical Chemistry of Polymers, Katharina Landfester
 Synthesis of Macromolecules, Tanja Weil

Emeriti and former directors
Emeriti
 Hans-Wolfgang Spiess, Director, Polymer Spectroscopy (1985-2012)
 Gerhard Wegner, Director, Solid State Chemistry (1983-2008)

Former Directors
 Erhard E. Fischer, Director, Polymer Physics (1983-1997)
 Wolfgang Knoll, Director, Material Science (1993-2008)

Graduate programs
The International Max Planck Research School for Polymer Materials is a graduate program offering a doctorate degree. The school is run in cooperation with the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz.

The Max Planck Graduate Center (MPGC) is a virtual department across the MPIP, the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, and four faculties of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, created for interdisciplinary projects. It offers a PhD program in these research topics to candidates from all over the world.

References

External links
 Portrait of the Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research at the Homepage of the Max Planck Society
 Homepage of the Max Planck Graduate Center (MPGC)

 
Polymer Research
Chemical research institutes
Materials science institutes
StunStrike. The StunStrike is a wireless electroshock weapon being developed by XADS. It is in various sizes from rifle size upwards, with various ranges. It is intended to incapacitate men and pre-detonate IEDs and incoming RPGs. 

One reported version of StunStrike is a directed-energy weapon which makes a cone-shaped field of powerful electric discharges in one direction. These discharges were incorrectly referred to as static electricity by the television show FutureWeapons. It is in a black box designed to look like a briefcase or small suitcase. It is intended to deny passage through a door (which it can be left beside), or to stun or scare an opponent. This briefcase model was featured on an episode of FutureWeapons on the discovery channel.

There are web images of a long cylindrical version (Close Quarters Shock Rifle, CQSR)

External links
http://www.defensereview.com/stunstrike-cqsr-close-quarters-shock-rifle-by-xads-futuristic-stun-gun-tech
Google search
information and image, showing a long cylindrical weapon

Non-lethal weapons
Directed-energy weapons of the United States
XADS. XADS (Xtreme Alternative Defense Systems) is a privately held firm in Anderson, Indiana, United States. XADS is a  producer of NLDEW (Non-lethal (less than lethal) directed energy weapons) for protecting and defending in military operations, law enforcement, site security, and peacekeeping. XADS was founded in 2002 after a proposal was submitted to the United States Marine Corps.

XADS is developing a short-range wireless electroshock weapon called StunStrike. Contracts have been awarded to XADS to provide new solutions to problems on the battlefield.

XADS makes the Photonic Disruptor Series. It is called a Threat Assessment Laser Illuminator (TALI); but it can cause night-blindness and secondary effects such as nausea. Despite claims that the lasers leave no permanent eye damage, one Pentagon official expressed concern that "some companies, including XADS, are making lasers so intense that they would permanently blind the people they target."

In 2005, XADS received funding to develop a counter-IED system designed to protect military vehicles from roadside bombs. Once attached to a vehicle, the device deployed cables that dragged along the ground and emitted electric pulses to detonate any bombs within its range.

PD/G 105 
The Photonic Disruptor/Green 105 mW laser illuminator is XADS's military grade laser. The laser runs off two AAA batteries and has a range of over 350 meters in darkness, with an operating life of 3000–5000 hours. The unit can be rail mounted for use with weapons. It is deployed in the field in Iraq and Afghanistan.

See also
StunStrike

References 

Anderson, Indiana
Companies based in Indiana
Defense companies of the United States
Firearm manufacturers of the United States
Anil Agarwal (environmentalist). Anil Kumar Agarwal (23 November 1947– 2 January 2002) was an Indian environmentalist, trained as a mechanical engineer at IIT Kanpur, worked as a science correspondent for the Hindustan Times.  He was the founder of the Centre for Science and Environment, a Delhi-based research institute currently led by Sunita Narain.

In 1987, the United Nations Environment Programme elected him to its Global 500 Roll of Honour for his work in the national and international arena. The Indian Government also honoured him with Padma Shri (1986) and Padma Bhushan (2002) for his work in environment and development.

Further reading
Agarwal, A. and S. Narain. 1982. The State of India's Environment: A Citizens’ Report, New Delhi: Centre for Science and Environment.
Agarwal, A. and S. Narain. 1989. Towards Green Villages: A Strategy for Environmentally Sound and Participatory Rural Development. New Delhi: Centre for Science and Environment.
Agarwal, A and S.Narain (eds.). 1991. Floods, Flood Plains and Environmental Myths. New Delhi: Centre for Science and Environment.
Agarwal, A. and S. Narain. 1991. Global Warming in an Unequal World. New Delhi: Centre for Science and Environment.
Agarwal, A. and S. Narain. 1992. Towards a Greener World: Should Global Environmental Management be Built on Legal Convention or Human Rights? New Delhi: Centre for Science and Environment.
Agarwal, A. (ed.) 1997. Homicide by Pesticides: What Pollution does to our Bodies. New Delhi: Centre for Science and Environment, State of the Environment Series 4.
 Anil Agarwal, The Challenges for the 21st Century, 3 February 1999 accessed at  UNEP/Grid-A official website 29 August 2006

References

 Baviskar, A. 2002.   An activist–environmentalist, Anil Agarwal, 1947–2002. Frontline 19: 2, 1 February.
 CSE   official biography.
 Forsyth, T.J. 2005. Anil Agarwal, pp. 9–14 in Simon, D. (ed.) Fifty Key Thinkers on Development, London and New York: Routledge.
 Jupiter, T. 2002.   Anil Agarwal: India’s leading environmental campaigner. The Guardian, 11 January, .

External links
 
 In memory of Anil Agarwal, MS Danish Association for International Co-operation
 Ever the Mentor, 19 December 2005 at IndianNGOs.com

Indian environmentalists
1947 births
2002 deaths
IIT Kanpur alumni
Indian magazine editors
Indian magazine founders
Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in other fields
Indian science journalists
Indian male journalists
20th-century Indian journalists
Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems. The Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems is a German engineering research institute in Magdeburg, focusing on dynamics. The institute was founded in 1996 and belongs to the Max Planck Society. The founding director was Ernst Dieter Gilles. Currently, the institute has four research department along with several research groups and is housed in a building designed by Henn GmbH.

The institute currently consists of the following four departments:
 Bioprocess Engineering (headed by Udo Reichl)
 Computational Methods in Systems and Control Theory (headed by Peter Benner)
 Physical and Chemical Foundations of Process Engineering (headed by Andreas Seidel-Morgenstern)
 Process Systems Engineering (headed by Kai Sundmacher)

References

External links 
 

Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems

Systems science institutes
Organisations based in Saxony-Anhalt
Education in Saxony-Anhalt
Spinhenge@Home. Spinhenge@home was a volunteer computing project on the BOINC platform, which performs extensive numerical simulations concerning the physical characteristics of magnetic molecules. It is a project of the Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, in cooperation with the University of Osnabrück and Ames Laboratory.

The project began beta testing on September 1, 2006 and used the Metropolis Monte Carlo algorithm to calculate and simulate spin dynamics in nanoscale molecular magnets.

On September 28, 2011, a hiatus was announced while the project team reviewed results and upgraded hardware.  As of July 10, 2022 the hiatus continues and it is likely that the project has been closed down permanently.

See also
 Spintronics
 BOINC
 List of volunteer computing projects

References

External links
Project Website

More Information about Spinhenge@Home
Project Statistics at BOINCStats

Science in society
Free science software
Volunteer computing projects
VSTa. Valencia's Simple Tasker (VSTa) is an operating system with a microkernel architecture, with all device drivers and file systems residing in userspace mode. It mostly complies with the Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), except where such compliance interferes with extensibility and modularity. It is conceptually inspired by QNX and Plan 9 from Bell Labs. Written by Andy Valencia, and released under a GNU General Public License (GPL). As of 2020, the licensing for VSTa is Copyleft.

It was originally written to run on Intel 80386 hardware, and then was ported to several different platforms, e.g., Motorola 68030 based Amigas.

VSTa is no longer developed. A fork, named Flexible Microkernel Infrastructure/Operating System (FMI/OS), did not make a release.

User interface
The default graphical user interface provided as a tar-ball with the system was ManaGeR (MGR).

References

External links

 
 http://www.vsta.org/distro/ download site

Free software operating systems
Unix variants
Discontinued operating systems
Microkernel-based operating systems
Microkernels
X86 operating systems
D. William Brosnan. Dennis William "Bill" Brosnan Jr. (April 14, 1903 – June 14, 1985) was a president of Southern Railway in the US, a railroad that later merged with Norfolk and Western Railroad to form Norfolk Southern Railway.

Born in 1903 in Albany, Georgia, Brosnan was the son of the town's fire chief. In 1923, he took a job as an engineer with the Georgia Department of Highways, before taking a job as an apprentice student engineer for the Southern Railway three years later, maintaining the right-of-way.

Between 1931 and 1952, Brosnan had several promotions, from apprentice student engineer to junior engineer, division superintendent, general manager of the Central Lines of the Southern Railway and then to vice president of operations.

During his time as chief engineer for the Western Lines of the Southern Railway, in 1945 and 1946, Brosnan oversaw an increased mechanization of track maintenance and construction on the Southern Railway, and during his time as general manager for the Central Lines, he oversaw the automation of freight car classification in yards and terminals.   He succeeded Harry A. DeButts as president in 1962.

Bronson was notable for his impact on the railroad industry, including his implementation of labor-saving mechanical improvements, his introduction of marketing to the rail industry, his fights against government regulation, as well as his "imperious" management style.  He has been characterized as a "demanding leader" and "a prescient despot".

In 1964, Brosnan was selected as the first recipient of the Man of the Year award by Modern Railways magazine, an award now presented by Railway Age magazine as the Railroader of the Year.

Brosnan was succeeded as president by W. Graham Claytor, Jr. He remained on the board of directors of the Southern until 1983. Brosnan died in 1985.

Norfolk Southern's 14,400 acre nature preserve near Charleston, South Carolina, Brosnan Forest, is named after Brosnan. This tract of land was first acquired by the South Carolina Canal and Railroad Company in the 1830s as a timber tract for its wooden railroad ties and was subsequently passed to the South Carolina Railroad in 1843, the Southern Railway in 1899, and Norfolk Southern in 1990.

See also
List of railroad executives

References

External links 
 Photograph of D. William Brosnan in the Georgia Tech Photograph Collection (VAC375)

1985 deaths
20th-century American railroad executives
Southern Railway (U.S.)
1903 births
People from Albany, Georgia
AEB. AEB may refer to:

Aviation
 Aero Benin (ICAO code: AEB), Benin airline
 IATA airport code for Baise Bama Airport in Guangxi, China

People
 Ambrose E. Burnside, a Union general during the American Civil War
 Andries Brouwer, Dutch mathematician and computer programmer

Technology
 Analog Expansion Bus, a piece of computer hardware
 Auto Exposure Bracketing, a feature on some cameras
 Autonomous Emergency Braking, a safety feature on automobiles (including on lorries and heavy good vehicles)

Other
 Afrikaner Eenheidsbeweging, small South African political party 
 Agência Espacial Brasileira, the Brazilian space agency
 American Egg Board, a marketing body
 Annual Egyptological Bibliography, bibliography of Egyptology publications
 Associated Examining Board, an examination board in the UK
 Tunisian Arabic language (ISO 639 code: aeb)