omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
M0n0wall. m0n0wall was an embedded firewall distribution of FreeBSD, one of the BSD operating system descendants. It provided a small image which could be put on Compact Flash cards as well as on CD-ROMs and hard disks.  It ran on a number of embedded platforms and generic PCs. The PC version could be run with just a Live CD and a floppy disk to store configuration data, or on a single Compact Flash card (with an IDE adapter). This eliminated the need for a hard drive, which reduces noise and heat levels and decreases the risk of system failure through elimination of moving parts found in older hard drives.

On February 15, 2015 Manuel Kasper announced the "m0n0wall project has officially ended. No development will be done anymore, and there will be no further releases," encouraging "all current m0n0wall users to check out OPNsense and contribute if they can."

Features 
m0n0wall provided an web-based configuration and used PHP exclusively for the GUI and bootup configuration. Additionally, it adopted a single XML file for configuration parameters.

Some functions of m0n0wall were:
 Stateful packet filter firewall
 IPsec and PPTP VPNs
 Inbound and Outbound Network Address Translation
 Captive portal
 Traffic shaper
 Inbound and Outbound port filtering
 Support for 802.1q compatible VLANs
 Multiple IP addresses on LAN and WAN ports
 IPS

Hardware

m0n0wall was installed on embedded hardware designed and manufactured by some companies.

Derivatives 
Similar hardware requirements
 t1n1wall: 2015 fork of m0n0wall after it was discontinued, no activity since 2020.
 SmallWall: Another 2015 fork of m0n0wall after its end-of-life, no activity since 2016.
 m0n0wall mod: Original m0n0wall with additional features (DHCP+PPTP, DHCP+PPPoE, static+PPPoE, L2TP, WAN eth interface), no activity since 2013.

Extended hardware requirements
 OPNsense: Forked from pfSense in 2015.
 pfSense: Forked from the m0n0wall project in 2004, first released in 2006.

Other usages (not a firewall)
 AskoziaPBX: An embedded telephone system.
 XigmaNAS: Network-attached storage software using FreeBSD, uses portions of m0n0wall web GUI.  Formerly NAS4Free.
 TrueNAS: Network-attached storage software with versions in FreeBSD and Linux. Developed and maintained by iXsystems

See also

 Comparison of firewalls
 List of router or firewall distributions

References

External links
 
 

2003 software
BSD software
Firewall software
Free routing software
FreeBSD
Gateway/routing/firewall distribution
Routers (computing)
Chaos 2. Chaos 2 is a combat robot from the UK Television Series Robot Wars, designed and built by self-employed mechanic George Francis, from Ipswich, and operated by Team Chaos. Twice winner of the UK Robot Wars Championship and the only robot with that distinction, it was the first robot to use its flipper to throw its opponents out of the arena altogether. This machine was also the first to defeat Hypno-Disc in Series 3. Its flipper is commonly considered to be one of the most powerful in Robot Wars, although it is not as powerful as the catapult-style flipper of Wheely Big Cheese. However, its weapon is superior in terms of efficiency, but has a limited supply of , which provides the power for the weapon. The robot has been reincarnated several times over the years, previously appearing as Robot The Bruce and Chaos. Its flipper was also used as a self-righting mechanism when the robot was inverted, flipping the entire robot over in a half-somersault so it could continue fighting.

Chaos 2 is an inaugural member of the Combat Robot Hall of Fame. It also has its own pullback toy, pullback minibot and DVD.

Team Chaos had a small rivalry with Team Mace. The two teams first met in the Heat Final of Series 2. Mace pushed Chaos into Matilda, who flipped Chaos over. Chaos attempted to self-right, but was unable to because Francis and Cutter had forgotten to fit pieces of plastic on the back of the robot to help it self-right. In the next series, the teams met again in the second round of the Series Semi-Finals. This time however, Chaos 2 flipped Mace 2 over, and this time Mace 2 was unable to self-right, and Chaos 2 was declared the winner, to go through to the Grand Final. Gemini, Team Mace's entry for Series 4 and 5, never faced Chaos 2 (despite the likelihood increasing due to Gemini's heat being placed among the first eight in Series 4, when it should not have been), so the scores stay at one victory each for the two teams.

Chaos 2 also holds the record of being the only robot to successfully defend its title in the series (winning the Series 3 and 4 championships in a row), as well as being the first robot to remove a competitor from the arena during battle (doing this with Firestorm in Series 3, though not intentionally).

Statistics

Battle summary

Series 3 
UK Championship

First World Championship

Chaos 2 represented England in this competition.

Series 4 

UK Championship

Northern Annihilator

Robot Wars Extreme - Series 1 

All Stars Championship

Second World Championship

Chaos 2 represented the UK in this competition.

Series 5 

UK Championship

Series 6 

UK Championship

Robot Wars Extreme - Series 2 

All Stars Championship

This was its final fight. However, after this loss, it received an overhaul to bring it back to working order. Chaos 2 continued to fight in live events for a while before becoming a static display, its last appearance being in 2007. As of 2019, George Francis still has Chaos 2 in his possession.

References

Robot Wars (TV series) competitors
Robots of the United Kingdom
1999 robots
Four-wheeled robots
Ford Global B-car Platform. The Ford global B-car platform (for "B-class") is a subcompact automobile platform that is jointly developed by Ford Motor Company and Mazda Motor Company at centers in Europe as well as North America and Australia. Previously, Ford has used the Mazda-engineered D platform for its B-segment Ford Festiva (hatchback). This new global B-platform project was initiated by Ford in Dearborn, MI and is equipped with front MacPherson strut and twist-beam rear suspension. The front suspension arms (wishbone) are attached to a pressed-steel welded subframe, which is directly bolted onto the bodyshell. The design is made to accommodate diverse engine options.

B3 
The first iteration of this platform was known as the B3. Vehicles utilising this platform include:
 Ford Fiesta Mk5 (2002–2008)
 Ford Figo (2010–2015)
 Ford Fusion (2002–2012)
 Ford Ikon (2007–2015)

Mazda D Platform
 Mazda Demio/Mazda2 (2002–2007)
 Mazda Verisa (2004–2015)

B2E
The new B2E platform was designed and developed as Ford’s global B-segment platform. It is the first B-platform developed by Ford's global product development process.

This global platform has been used since 2008 on the following vehicles:
 Ford B-Max (2012–2017)
 Ford EcoSport (2012–2023)
 Ford Fiesta Mk6 (2008–2019)
 Ford Fiesta Mk7 (2017–2023)
 Ford Ka+/Figo (2014–2021)
 Ford Puma (2019–present)
 Ford Transit Courier MK1 (2014–2023)
 Ford Transit Courier MK2 (2023–present)

References

 
B3
Vela Uniform. Vela Uniform was an element of Project Vela conducted jointly by the United States Department of Energy and the Advanced Research Projects Agency. Its purpose was to develop seismic methods for detecting underground nuclear testing, and it involved many experts from academia, the sponsoring military agencies and the Atomic Energy Commission.

Vela Uniform incorporated seven underground nuclear tests in the continental United States and Alaska from October 1963 to July 1971.  Seismic traces from multiple locations were analyzed for each of these events to develop methods for differentiating underground nuclear tests from other seismic events (such as earthquakes) and locating the test site. The program also involved numerous experiments using conventional high explosives.

Vela Uniform tests

Reference sources
"United States Nuclear Tests, July 1945 to 31 December 1992" (NWD 94–1), Robert Standish Norris and Thomas B. Cochran, Nuclear Weapons Databook, Working Papers, Natural Resources Defense Council, 1350 New York Avenue, N.W., Suite 300, Washington, DC 20005, 202-783-7800, 1 February 1994.  
"Nuclear Explosions and Earthquakes: The Parted Veil," Bruce A. Bolt, W. H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco, 1976, .

American nuclear weapons testing
Martin Newell (computer scientist). Martin Edward Newell is a British-born computer scientist specializing in computer graphics who is perhaps best known as the creator of the Utah teapot computer model.

Career
Before emigrating to the US, he worked at what was then the Computer-Aided Design Centre (CADCentre) in Cambridge, UK, along with his brother Dick Newell (who went on to co-found two of the most important UK graphics software companies – Cambridge Interactive Systems (CIS) in 1977 and Smallworld in 1987). At CADCentre, the two Newells and Tom Sancha developed Newell's algorithm, a technique for eliminating cyclic dependencies when ordering polygons to be drawn by a computer graphics system.

Newell developed the Utah teapot while working on a Ph.D. at the University of Utah, where he also helped develop a version of the painter's algorithm for rendering. He graduated in 1975, and was on the Utah faculty from 1977 to 1979. Later he worked at Xerox PARC, where he worked on JaM, a predecessor of PostScript. JaM stood for "John and Martin" – the John was John Warnock, co-founder of Adobe Systems.

Newell departed Xerox PARC to join CADLINC Inc., a factory automation startup, as VP of Advanced Development.  
There he led the development of a variety of CAD/CAM software applications, such as CimCAD (a 3-D drafting program)
 
and Intelligent Documentation 
 
(an early electronic document editor integrating text, graphics, and information from relational databases).

He departed CADLINC to found the computer-aided design software company Ashlar in 1988. In 2007, Newell was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering for contributions to computer-graphics modeling, rendering, and printing.  He recently retired as an Adobe Fellow at Adobe Systems.

References

Living people
University of Utah alumni
University of Utah faculty
British emigrants to the United States
British computer scientists
British technology company founders
American computer scientists
Computer graphics researchers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Scientists at PARC (company)
Analysis of flows. In theoretical physics, an analysis of flows is the study of "gauge" or "gaugelike" "symmetries" (i.e. flows the formulation of a theory is invariant under). It is generally agreed that flows indicate nothing more than a redundancy in the description of the dynamics of a system, but often, it is simpler computationally to work with a redundant description.

Flows in classical mechanics

Flows in the action formalism 
Classically, the action is a functional on the configuration space. The on-shell solutions are given by the variational problem of extremizing the action subject to boundary conditions.

While the boundary is often ignored in textbooks, it is crucial in the study of flows. Suppose we have a "flow", i.e. the generator of a smooth one-dimensional group of transformations of the configuration space, which maps on-shell states to on-shell states while preserving the boundary conditions. Because of the variational principle, the action for all of the configurations on the orbit is the same. This is not the case for more general transformations which map on shell to on shell states but change the boundary conditions.

Here are several examples. In a theory with translational symmetry, timelike translations are not flows because in general they change the boundary conditions. However, now take the case of a simple harmonic oscillator, where the boundary points are at a separation of a multiple of the period from each other, and the initial and final positions are the same at the boundary points. For this particular example, it turns out there is a flow. Even though this is technically a flow, this would usually not be considered a gauge symmetry because it is not local.

Flows can be given as derivations over the algebra of smooth functionals over the configuration space. If we have a flow distribution (i.e. flow-valued distribution) such that the flow convolved over a local region only affects the field configuration in that region, we call the flow distribution a gauge flow.

Given that we are only interested in what happens on shell, we would often take the quotient by the ideal generated by the Euler–Lagrange equations, or in other words, consider the equivalence class of functionals/flows which agree on shell.

Flows in the Hamiltonian formalism 
 First class constraints
 Second class constraints
 BRST formalism
 Batalin–Vilkovisky formalism

References

Theoretical physics
Garabit viaduct. The Garabit viaduct () is a railway arch bridge spanning the Truyère, near Ruynes-en-Margeride, Cantal, France, in the mountainous Massif Central region.

The bridge was constructed between 1882 and 1884 by Gustave Eiffel, with structural engineering by Maurice Koechlin, and was opened in 1885. It is  in length and has a principal arch of  span.

Background
By the late 1870s, Eiffel & Cie, the company founded by Eiffel in partnership with Théophile Seyrig, had established a place among the leading French engineering companies. Between 1875 and 1877, the company had built the Maria Pia Bridge over the Douro at Porto, and when the construction of a railway between Marvejols and Neussargues, both in Cantal, was proposed, the work of constructing a viaduct to cross the Truyère was given to Eiffel without the usual process of competitive tendering. That was at the recommendation of the state engineers since the technical problems involved were similar to those of the Maria Pia Bridge. Indeed, it was Eiffel & Cie's success with that project that had led to the proposal for a viaduct at Garabit.

Design and construction
 
The Garabit viaduct, which uses a parabolic arch to support a single rail line across the gorge,
opened in November 1885. The crossing is  long and weighs (metric) . It cost 3,100,000 francs to complete (roughly €80 million in 2023).

Rail traffic using the bridge causes a deflection (load displacement) of about , which was the same value as the one calculated by Eiffel. The bridge, which is  above the river, had the world's longest arch when it was completed in 1884. This was surpassed two years later with the opening of the Dom Luís I Bridge across the Douro in Porto, Portugal in 1886. 

Until 11 September 2009, one regular daily Corail passenger train passed each way from Clermont-Ferrand to Béziers. However, the viaduct was closed when cracks were discovered in one of the foundation piles. The Garabit viaduct reopened the following month after a safety inspection, with a speed limit of  for all traffic.

In popular culture
In 1976, it was used to represent the condemned "Cassandra Crossing" bridge in the film The Cassandra Crossing. In the film, the bridge is depicted as being unused and derelict for 30 or 40 years and is considered dangerous, to the extent that people living nearby moved away fearing it could collapse.

See also
 List of bridges in France

References

External links 

 
Garabit Viaduct on bridge-info.org
PBS Building Big series databank entry for Garabit Viaduct

Railway bridges in France
Viaducts in France
Truss arch bridges
Bridges completed in 1885
Buildings and structures in Cantal
Gustave Eiffel's designs
Truss bridges in France
Boeing Y1B-20. The Boeing Y1B-20 (Boeing 316) was designed as an improvement on the Boeing XB-15. It was slightly larger than its predecessor, and was intended to use much more powerful engines. It was presented to the Army in early 1938, and two orders were placed soon after. The order was reversed before construction began.

Despite their cancellation, the XB-15 and Y1B-20 laid the groundwork for the Boeing B-29 Superfortress.

Specifications (as designed)

See also

References

External links

Encyclopedia of American Aircraft
USAF Museum description of Y1B-20

B-20, Boeing
Four-engined tractor aircraft
Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United States
Mid-wing aircraft
Four-engined piston aircraft
Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear
MRCA. MRCA may refer to:
Member of the Royal College of Anaesthetists, United Kingdom 
Most recent common ancestor, a term referring to the most recent ancestor any set of organisms are directly descended from
Mid-right coronary artery, one of several coronary arteries. 
Multirole combat aircraft, the concept of an aircraft that can be used for more than one combat role; particularly:
The NATO Multi-Role Combat Aircraft – the project that became the Panavia Tornado
Indian MRCA competition, an ongoing competition to supply the Indian Air Force with 126 multirole combat aircraft
LSM. LSM may refer to:

Science
Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane (Modane Underground Laboratory), a particle physics laboratory in France
Lanthanum strontium manganite, a crystal used as a cathode material
Laser scanning microscopy, a microscopy technique used in biology and nano-crystal imaging
Least squares method, a method in regression analysis
LSm, a family of RNA-binding proteins
LSM-775, a psychedelic drug similar to LSD, although less potent

Sports
 Liga Super Malaysia (Malaysia Super League), a top-tier association football league in Malaysia
 Long-stick midfielder, a player position in field lacrosse

Technology
Land Surface Model (LSM version 1.0), a unidimensional computational model
Latent semantic mapping, for modelling data relationships
Level-set method, for numerical analysis of interfaces and shapes
Linear scheduling method, a project scheduling method for repetitive activities
Linear synchronous motor, an electric motor
Linux Security Modules, a modular framework for security checks in Linux
Linux Software Map, file format
Liquid state machine, a type of neural network
 Live Slow Motion Multicam (LSM), instant-replay software developed by EVS
Log-structured merge-tree, a data structure

Education
Lourdes School of Mandaluyong, Philippines
Louvain School of Management, Belgium

Organizations
Law Society of Manitoba
Lesbian Sex Mafia, a female support group and BDSM organization
Little St Mary's, an Anglo-Catholic parish in Cambridge
Living Stream Ministry, religious publisher
Lutheran Student Movement – USA

Other uses
 A US Navy hull classification symbol: Landing ship medium (LSM)
Libre Software Meeting, an annual free software event in France
San Martín Line (Linea San Martín), commuter rail line in Buenos Aires
Local store marketing, a marketing term
Mexican Sign Language (Lengua de Señas Mexicana)
Latvijas Sabiedriskais medijs (Latvian Public Broadcasting), a publicly funded radio and television organization in Latvia
Living Standards Measure, a classification of Standard of living in South Africa

See also
Intelligent Actuator. Intelligent Actuator, also called IAI, is a robotics design company. It was founded in Japan in 1976. The company designs, manufactures, and markets a complete line of motion control systems. IAI is the world's largest manufacturer of cartesian coordinate robots and is an established leader in low cost, high performance SCARA robots.

With the introduction in 2001 of a full range of "ROBO Cylinders", IAI is also leading a transition away from pneumatics to cost-effective, low-maintenance, and fully programmable electric cylinders.

IAI Industrieroboter GmbH is the European subsidiary of IAI, founded in 1995.

IAI America, Inc. was established in 1989. IAI products are distributed in North America through a network of authorized representatives supported by regional centers in Los Angeles, California, Chicago, Illinois, and Atlanta, Georgia.

References

External links 
 
Intelligent Actuator, Japan Global HQ
IAI European Headquarters, iai-automation.com
Intelligent Actuator, USA website
Intelligent Actuator, Taiwan website
IAI,  Intelligent Actuator, Official Distributor in Spain  -  Página web de Larraioz Elektronika : canal de venta, consultoría, formación y soporte técnico oficial de IAI para el mercado español.

Robotics companies of Japan
Companies based in Shizuoka Prefecture
Japanese brands
Lunar Orbiter 4. Lunar Orbiter 4 was a robotic U.S. spacecraft, part of the Lunar Orbiter Program, designed to orbit the Moon, after the three previous orbiters had completed the required needs for Apollo mapping and site selection. It was given a more general objective, to "perform a broad systematic photographic survey of lunar surface features in order to increase the scientific knowledge of their nature, origin, and processes, and to serve as a basis for selecting sites for more detailed scientific study by subsequent orbital and landing missions". It was also equipped to collect selenodetic, radiation intensity, and micrometeoroid impact data.

Mission summary
The spacecraft was placed in a cislunar trajectory and injected into an elliptical near polar high lunar orbit for data acquisition. The orbit was  with an inclination of 85.5 degrees and a period of 12 hours.

After initial photography on May 11, 1967 problems started occurring with the camera's thermal door, which was not responding well to commands to open and close. Fear that the door could become stuck in the closed position covering the camera lenses led to a decision to leave the door open. This required extra attitude control maneuvers on each orbit to prevent light leakage into the camera which would ruin the film. On May 13 it was discovered that light leakage was damaging some of the film, and the door was tested and partially closed. Some fogging of the lens was then suspected due to condensation resulting from the lower temperatures. Changes in the attitude raised the temperature of the camera and generally eliminated the fogging. Continuing problems with the readout drive mechanism starting and stopping beginning on May 20 resulted in a decision to terminate the photographic portion of the mission on May 26. Despite problems with the readout drive the entire film was read and transmitted. The spacecraft acquired photographic data from May 11 to 26, 1967, and readout occurred through June 1, 1967. The orbit was then lowered to gather orbital data for the upcoming Lunar Orbiter 5 mission.

A total of 419 high-resolution and 127 medium-resolution frames were acquired, covering 99% of the Moon's near side at resolutions from . Accurate data was acquired from all other experiments throughout the mission. Radiation data showed increased dosages due to solar particle events producing low energy protons. The spacecraft was used for tracking until it struck the lunar surface due to the natural decay of the orbit no later than October 31, 1967, between 22 and 30 degrees W longitude.

See also

 Lunar Orbiter Image Recovery Project
 Exploration of the Moon
 List of artificial objects on the Moon
 List of missions to the Moon
 Lunar Orbiter 1
 Lunar Orbiter 2
 Lunar Orbiter 3
 Lunar Orbiter 5

References

4
Spacecraft launched in 1967
Spacecraft that orbited the Moon
Spacecraft that impacted the Moon
1967 on the Moon