omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Distribution amplifier. In electronics, a distribution amplifier, or simply distribution amp or DA, is a device that accepts a single input signal and provides this same signal to multiple isolated outputs.

These devices allow a signal to be distributed to multiple destinations without ground loops or signal degradation.  They are used for a number of common engineering tasks, including multiple amplification, cable television, splitting monitor and front of house mixes, and "tapping" a signal prior to sending it through effects units to preserve a "dry" signal for later experimentation.

Audio distribution amplifier
An audio distribution amplifier also known as: a press feed; a pool feed; a media feed; press box; or an ADA, takes a single audio feed, usually a line input, but it may be a microphone input, and outputs multiple line or microphone outputs. This can be done using a passive feed, where the signal is split among the outputs, or as an active feed where the outputs are amplified. The primary use of the Audio Distribution Amplifier is to share a single audio feed with multiple members of the press pool.

Video distribution amplifier
A video distribution amplifier (also known as a distribution amp or VDA) takes a video signal as an input, amplifies it, and outputs the amplified video signal to two or more outputs. It is primarily used to supply a single video signal to multiple pieces of video equipment.  It adjusts the amplitude of a video signal to compensate for loss of signal in a video distribution system. Extending the distance of the video signal is the main purpose of the VDA.  There are VDAs built for all video formats, NTSC, ATSC, QAM16, QAM32, QAM64, composite video and component video.

Their construction and capabilities can be simple; accept input signal, amplify, then output. Others can be more sophisticated and allow remote control from a control station, allow adjustment of the gain, equalization, and provide status of the input and output signals through Ethernet networks.

See also
 Microphone splitter

References

External links 
Info about some very common distribution amplifier types. 
Guide to HDMI Distribution Amp, switches and matrix
Press feeds from distributor Whirlwind USA. 

Consumer electronics
Video hardware
Television technology
Research Institute of Electronic Communication. , abbreviated RIEC, is a research institute for electronic communication affiliated with Tohoku University, Japan. It is one of the national collaborative research institute in Japan.

Outline
On September 25, 1935, the institute was established as a research institute affiliated with the Facility of Electronical Engineering of Tohoku University because the importance of electronic communication research had got higher in Japan.
The pioneer research, such as the development of the Yagi–Uda antenna and divided anode-type magnetron, laid the foundation of the institute.

It comprises four research divisions with 25 subsections (including 4 subsections allocated for visiting researchers), three research facilities with 13 subsections and one externally sponsored research division with 1 subsection. It is one of the national collaborative research institute in Japan.

Organization

Administration Office

General Affairs Group
General Affairs Section
Cooperative Research Section
Library Section

Accounting Group
Accounting Section
Purchasing Section

People

See also
Tohoku University
Institute for Materials Research
Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer

External links and references
RIEC website
Tohoku University website

Organizations based in Sendai
Research institutes in Japan
Organizations established in 1935
Information technology research institutes
Tohoku University
Ounce Labs. Ounce Labs (an IBM company) is a Waltham, Massachusetts-based security software vendor. The company was founded in 2002 and created a software analysis product that analyzes source code to identify and remove security vulnerabilities. The security software looks for a range of vulnerabilities that leave an application open to attack. Customers have included GMAC, Lockheed Martin, and the U.S. Navy.

On July 28, 2009, Ounce was acquired by IBM, for an undisclosed sum, with the intention of integrating it into IBM's Rational Software business.

Platform support
Programming languages that are supported by Ounce's security scan include ASP.NET, C, C++, C# and other .NET languages, Java, JSP, VB.NET, classic ASP; and platform support for Windows, Solaris, and Linux.

References

External links 
IBM Security AppScan Source

Development software companies
Defunct software companies of the United States
IBM acquisitions
Motion system. Motion system in engineering and systems, is a component of a test and measurement system that provides motion to a load or loads in a one or many directions.  Generally a motion system is made up of a set (or stack) of linear and rotational stages. A linear stage moves in a straight line, while a rotation stage moves in a partial or full circle.  A stage can either be manually controlled with a knob control, or automated with a motion controller.

A motion system generally is computer controlled and can perform fast, reliable, repeatable, and accurate positioning of loads.  Most systems will support motion in X and Y directions, which is referred to as an XY stack.  Often either a Z axis (up/down motion) or R axis (rotational motion) is placed on top of the XY stack.

For automated stages, a scale can be attached to the internals of the stage and an encoder used to measure the position on the scale and report this to the controller, thereby determining the precise position of the stage.  This allows for a motion controller to reliably and repeatably move to set positions with the linear stage.

See also
 Linear stage
 System of measurement
 Motion controller

External links
Motion Basics and Standards 

Systems engineering
Functional classification. The functional classification of a road is the class or group of roads to which the road belongs.  There are three main functional classes as defined by the United States Federal Highway Administration: arterial, collector, and local.

Arterial roads 

Arterial roads generally provide the fastest method of travel and typically have low accessibility from neighboring roads.  They are usually designed with long-distance travel in mind and are not as common as the other two functional classes of roads. Examples include interstates and highways.

Collector roads 

Collector roads are the second most common and are used as a connection between local roads and arterial roads.  They provide a balance between access and mobility.

Local roads 
Local roads are the most common roads by far, but are also the slowest for travel.  They are designed specifically to have high accessibility and to connect to collector and arterial roads, and are typically not used for through traffic. The main function of local roads are to allow for people who live in low density residential to connect to other residential areas or to collector roads.

See also 

 Road hierarchy
 Street hierarchy

External links

Highway Functional Classification Concepts, Criteria and Procedures - Federal Highway Administration

Road transport
HP 95LX. The HP 95LX Palmtop PC (F1000A, F1010A), also known as project Jaguar, is Hewlett Packard's first DOS-based pocket computer, or personal digital assistant, introduced in April 1991 in collaboration with Lotus Development Corporation. The abbreviation "LX" stood for "Lotus Expandable". The computer can be seen as successor to a series of larger portable PCs like the HP 110 and HP 110 Plus.

Hardware
HP 95LX has an Intel 8088-clone NEC V20 CPU running at 5.37 MHz with an Intel system on a chip (SoC) device. It cannot be considered completely PC-compatible because of its quarter-CGA (MDA)-resolution LCD screen.

The device includes a CR2032 lithium coin cell for memory backup when the two AA main batteries run out. For mass storage, HP 95LX has a single PCMCIA slot which can hold a static RAM card with its own CR2025 back-up coin cell. An RS-232-compatible serial port is provided, as well as an infrared port for printing on compatible models of Hewlett Packard printers.

Display
In character mode, the display shows 16 lines of 40 characters, and has no backlight. While most IBM-compatible PCs work with a hardware code page 437, HP 95LX's text mode font is hard-wired to code page 850 instead. Lotus 1-2-3 internally used the Lotus International Character Set (LICS), but characters are translated to code page 850 for display and printing purposes.

Software
The palmtop runs MS-DOS 3.22 and has a customized version of Lotus 1-2-3 Release 2.2 built in. Other software in read-only memory (ROM) includes a calculator, an appointment calendar, a telecommunications program, and a simple text editor.

Successors
Successor models to HP 95LX include HP 100LX, HP Palmtop FX, HP 200LX, HP 1000CX, and HP OmniGo 700LX.

See also
 DIP Pocket PC
 Atari Portfolio
 Poqet PC
 Poqet PC Prime
 Poqet PC Plus
 Sharp PC-3000
 ZEOS Pocket PC
 Yukyung Viliv N5
 Sub-notebook
 Netbook
 Palmtop PC
 Ultra-mobile PC

References

Further reading

External links
 Hewlett Packard Web site on HP 95LX
 HP 95LX technical information (contains PCB photos)
 Skolob's Hewlett Packard 95LX Palmtop Page (Information and FAQ on HP 95LX)

95LX
Computer-related introductions in 1991
IBM PC compatibles
NEC V20
Muppet Mobile Lab. Muppet Mobile Lab is a free-roving, Audio-Animatronics entertainment attraction designed by Walt Disney Imagineering, that has been tested at Disney California Adventure Park in Anaheim, California, at Walt Disney World in Orlando, Florida and at Hong Kong Disneyland in Hong Kong.

Implemented on a Segway platform, the Muppet Mobile Lab is a two-wheeled science-lab vehicle that resembles a small rocket ship. Two Muppet characters, Dr. Bunsen Honeydew and his assistant, Beaker, pilot the vehicle through the park, interacting with guests and deploying special effects such as foggers, flashing lights, moving signs, confetti cannons and spray jets.

The two animatronics characters and the special effects aboard the vehicle are controlled remotely by puppeteers, thanks to an advanced control system that allows the controllers to be located up to several miles away from the show location.  On-board cameras, microphones and speakers allow the puppeteers to see and hear guests and interact with them. Muppet performers Dave Goelz (Bunsen) and Steve Whitmire (Beaker) assisted in the development of the project.

The project began as a continuation of Disney's "Living Character Initiative", a program that has generated other interactive shows at Disney theme parks including Lucky the Dinosaur, Turtle Talk with Crush, Monsters, Inc. Laugh Floor, and Stitch Encounter.

In 2009, the attraction was honored with the Thea Award for Outstanding Achievement (Technical) from the Themed Entertainment Association.

In October 2016, the Muppet Mobile Lab returned to Epcot for a limited time.

References

External links
 Muppet Mobile Lab video from Disney California Adventure (YouTube)
 Muppet Mobile Lab video from Epcot (YouTube)
 Muppet Mobile Lab video from Hong Kong Disneyland (YouTube)

Walt Disney Parks and Resorts entertainment
Disney California Adventure
Epcot
Hong Kong Disneyland
The Muppets
Animatronic robots
Soken tester. Soken tester - is a portable single yoke instrument for assessing the power loss in electrical steel laminations.

It has been developed for quick assessment of power loss in electrical steel sheet without the need for cutting and annealing, as it is the case for standardised methods like Epstein frame.

The power loss can be estimated at 1.0 T, 1.5 T and 1.7 T and two frequencies 50 Hz and 60 Hz. Lamination thickness can be set within a range from 0.01 mm to 0.99 mm and there is no option for selecting the material density.

The power loss is measured as a product of magnetic field and flux density. Both these signals are detected from the magnetising yoke, which is contained in an aluminium head (55 mm in diameter as shown in the photo). The flux density is measured from a secondary winding wound on the yoke. For that reason there is a great influence on the measured values, hence great care should be taken that the measuring head is placed on a clean and even sample. The measurement is based on similar principle as employed in the standardised single sheet tester.

The manufacturers of the instrument claim that its measurement uncertainty is lower than 5% (as referred to results from Epstein frame).

The Soken tester has been developed in the second half of 20th century initially as a relatively cheap and easy to use analogue device, but recently also digital devices are available.

References

Magnetism
IEEE Emanuel R. Piore Award. The IEEE Emanuel R. Piore Award was a Technical Field Award given each year by the IEEE to an individual or team of two people who have made outstanding contributions to information processing systems in relation to computer science. The award was discontinued in 2012.

The award was established in 1976 and named in honor of Emanuel R. Piore. It could be presented to an individual or a team of two. Recipients of this award received a bronze medal, certificate, and honorarium.

Recipients 
The following people received the IEEE Emanuel R. Piore Award:

References

External links 
 IEEE Emanuel R. Piore Award page at IEEE
 List of recipients of the IEEE Emanuel R. Piore Award

Emanuel R. Piore Award
Bradford and Foster Brook Railway. The Bradford & Foster Brook Railway was one of the earliest, if not the first, monorails in America. Inspired by a working demonstration of the Centennial Monorail at the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition of 1876, Col. Roy Stone thought it would solve transportation problems near Bradford, Pennsylvania. In 1876, Bradford was a booming oil town with much machinery and oil supplies awaiting delivery. Because of muddy road conditions, deliveries to the oil fields were delayed. Construction of the railroad was already started by October 31, 1877, when the Railway Corporation was founded.

The railway was constructed similar to the Lartigue Monorail design, and consisted of a series of piles driven into the ground connected by 12" square timbers upon which set a single rail. Three feet below the railhead was a stringer on each side. This stringer bore a wear strip upon which the rail cars pressed a wheel for balance. Road crossings operated like a fence gate, as did switches.

A variety of engines were constructed for the railway. The first engine had twin boilers and sat low on the rail. It wore out quickly, and was replaced by a heavier engine of more conventional single-boiler design. This engine had only two drivers and bore heavily on the rail, crashing through on its fourth trip along the railway. No one was hurt in the accident, although several people had to be rescued from the stream. By the beginning of the next year, a third locomotive had been constructed, again using twin boilers.

This third locomotive had second-hand boilers. They were tested to their specifications; however, on the engine's trial run, one boiler ran dry, and when too much water was introduced by an inexperienced fireman, the resulting explosion killed six people, and put an end to the railroad.

References

External links

 The Bradford Monorail
 Route of the B&FB
 Bradford's Old Peg Leg Unique In American Railroad History (second story)
 Postcard 

Monorails in the United States
Defunct Pennsylvania railroads
Railway companies established in 1877
Railway companies disestablished in 1879
1877 establishments in Pennsylvania
1879 disestablishments in Pennsylvania
Hiroshi Fujii. is the chief engineer and platform manager for the research and development department of manufacturing company Mitsubishi Motors. As the head of a 100-strong team responsible for the continued development of the Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution, he has become known as Dr Evo.

Mitsubishi acknowledged Fujii's contributions at the 2005 Los Angeles Auto Show, when they distributed a comic book featuring a concept car dubbed  ("The Ultimate Evolution"). Developed by a character named Dr. Evo as the "perfect Los Angeles-area vehicle", it was a combination of sports car, convertible, pickup truck, and sports utility vehicle. Despite the references to Fujii, the comic book and concept car were both created by staff at Mitsubishi Motors North America's Californian design studio.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Japanese automotive engineers
Mitsubishi Motors people
Hydraulic Launch Assist. Hydraulic Launch Assist (HLA) is the name of a hydraulic hybrid regenerative braking system for land vehicles produced by the Eaton Corporation.

Background
The HLA system recycles energy by converting kinetic energy into potential energy during deceleration via hydraulics, storing the energy at high pressure in an accumulator filled with nitrogen gas. The energy is then returned to the vehicle during subsequent acceleration thereby reducing the amount of work done by the internal combustion engine.  This system provides considerable increase in vehicle productivity while reducing fuel consumption in stop-and-go use profiles like refuse vehicles and other heavy duty vehicles.

Parallel vs. series hybrids
The HLA system is called a parallel hydraulic hybrid.  In parallel systems the original vehicle drive-line remains, allowing the vehicle to operate normally when the HLA system is disengaged.  When the HLA is engaged, energy is captured during deceleration and released during acceleration, in contrast to series hydraulic hybrid systems which replace the entire traditional drive-line to provide power transmission in addition to regenerative braking.

Hydraulic vs. electric hybrids
Hydraulic hybrids are said to be power dense, while electric hybrids are energy dense.  This means that electric hybrids, while able to deliver large amounts of energy over long periods of time are limited by the rate at which the chemical energy in the batteries is converted to mechanical energy and .  This is largely governed by reaction rates in the battery and current ratings of associated components.  Hydraulic hybrids on the other hand are capable of transferring energy at a much higher rate, but are limited by the amount of energy that can be stored.  For this reason, hydraulic hybrids lend themselves well to stop-and-go applications and heavy vehicles.

Applications

Concept vehicles
Ford Motor Company included the HLA system in their 2002 F-350 Tonka truck concept vehicle, reported to have lower emissions and better fuel economy than any V-8 diesel truck engine of the time, with HLA designed to eventually improve fuel economy by 25%-35% in heavy truck city driving.

Shuttle bus
Eaton, Ford, the US Army, and IMPACT Engineering, Inc. (of Kent, Washington), built an E-450 shuttle bus as part of the Army's HAMMER (Hydraulic Hybrid Advanced Materials Multifuel Engine Research) project.

Refuse
Eaton has been awarded the Texas government’s New Technology Research and Development grant to build 12 refuse vehicles with HLA systems.

Peterbilt Motors has designed a Model 320 chassis that incorporates the HLA system, which was featured on the cover of the December 13, 2007, issue of Machine Design.

References

Green vehicles
Hybrid vehicles
Hybrid powertrain
Hybrid trucks
Hydraulics
Cyanate ester. Cyanate esters are chemical compounds in which the hydrogen atom of the cyanic acid is replaced by an organyl group (for example aryl group). The resulting compound is termed a cyanate ester, with the formula , where R is an organyl group. Cyanate esters contain a monovalent cyanate group .

Use in resins

Cyanate esters can be cured and postcured by heating, either alone at elevated temperatures or at lower temperatures in presence of a suitable catalyst. The most common catalysts are transition metal complexes of cobalt, copper, manganese and zinc. The result is a thermoset material with a very high glass-transition temperature (Tg) of up to 400 °C, and a very low dielectric constant, providing excellent long term thermal stability at elevated end use temperatures, very good fire, smoke and toxicity performance and specific suitability for printed circuit boards installed in critical electrical devices. This is also due to its low moisture uptake.
This property, together with a higher toughness compared to epoxies, also makes it a valuable material in aerospace applications. For example, the Lynx Mark II spaceplane is primarily made of carbon/cyanate ester.

The chemistry of the cure reaction is a trimerization of three CN groups to a triazine ring. When the monomer contains two cyanate groups the resulting structure is a 3D polymer network. Thermoset polymer matrix properties can be fine tuned by the choice of substituents in the bisphenolic compound. Bisphenol A and novolac based cyanate esters are the major products; bisphenol F and bisphenol E are also used. The aromatic ring of the bisphenol can be substituted with an allylic group for improved toughness of the material. Cyanate esters can also be mixed with bismaleimides to form BT-resins or with epoxy resins to optimize the end use properties.

References 

Cyanates
Functional groups
Esters
BT-Epoxy. BT-Epoxy (BT short for Bismaleimide-Triazine resin) is one of a number of thermoset resins used in printed circuit boards (PCBs). It is a mixture of epoxy resin, a common raw material for PCBs and BT resins. This is in turn a mixture of bismaleimide, which is also used as a raw material for PCBs and cyanate ester. Three cyano groups of the cyanate ester are trimerized to a triazine ring structure, hence the T in the name. In presence of a bismaleimide, the double bond of the maleimide group can copolymerize with the cyano groups to heterocyclic 6-membered aromatic ring structures with two nitrogen atoms (pyrimidines). The cure reaction occurs at temperatures up to , and is catalyzed by strongly basic molecules like Dabco (diazabicyclooctane) and 4-DMAP (4-dimethylaminopyridin). Products with very high glass transition temperatures (Tg) up to  and very low dielectric constant can be obtained. These properties make these materials very attractive for use in PCBs, which are often subjected to such conditions.

See also 

 Printed circuit board
 Synthetic resin
 Epoxy

References 

Synthetic resins
Atkinson and Philipson. Atkinson & Philipson, of the Northumberland Coach Factory, Newcastle-on-Tyne, collaborated with Messrs. Toward and Co. to make a steam-powered car in 1896. The Coach Factory had been in business since 1774, making mail coaches, then railway carriages for George Stephenson.  In 1896, they produced their steam brake with 'a very strong and neat frame' and iron-shod wheels, which was advertised in various motor papers. It is unknown if many were sold, but it is unlikely. Later (in 1912) they were advertised as motorcar body builders, and 'Coachmakers by Royal Warrant...'.

See also
 List of car manufacturers of the United Kingdom

References 

Companies established in 1774
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of England