omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Neodymium-doped yttrium orthovanadate. Neodymium-doped yttrium orthovanadate (Nd:YVO4) is a crystalline material formed by adding neodymium ions to yttrium orthovanadate. It is commonly used as an active laser medium for diode-pumped solid-state lasers. It comes as a transparent blue-tinted material. It is birefringent, therefore rods made of it are usually rectangular.

As in all neodymium-doped laser crystals, the lasing action of Nd:YVO4 is due to its content of neodymium ions, which may be excited by visible or infrared light, and undergo an electronic transition resulting in emission of coherent infrared light at a lower frequency, usually at 1064 nm (other transitions in Nd are available, and can be selected for by external optics).

Basic properties 
Atomic density: ~1.37×1020 atoms/cm3
Crystal structure:
zircon tetragonal (tetragonal bipyramidal)
 space group D4h
 a=b=7.12, c=6.29
Density: 4.22 g/cm3
Mohs hardness: Glass-like, ~5
Thermal expansion coefficient:
 αa=4.43×10−6/K
 αc=11.37×10−6/K
Thermal conductivity:
parallel to C-axis: 5.23 W·m−1·K−1
perpendicular to C-axis: 5.10 W·m−1·K−1

Optical properties 
Lasing wavelengths: 914 nm, 1064 nm, 1342 nm
Crystal class: positive uniaxial, no=na=nb, ne=nc,
no=1.9573, ne=2.1652, at 1064 nm
no=1.9721, ne=2.1858, at 808 nm
no=2.0210, ne=2.2560, at 532 nm
Fluorescence lifetime (spontaneous emission lifetime) as a function of Nd ions concentration:

Absorption cross-section at 808 nm: 5.5×10−20 cm2
Emission cross-section at 1064 nm: 30×10−19 cm2   (Reference: JOSA 66, 1405-1414 (1976).)
Polarized laser emission: π-polarization; parallel to optic axis (c-axis) (for a-cut crystal)
Gain-bandwidth: 0.96 nm (257 GHz) at 1064 nm (for 1.1 atm% Nd doped)
Absorption coefficients at 808 nm for different doping concentrations:

See also 
Yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG)

References

Laser gain media
Crystals
Neodymium compounds
Yttrium compounds
Vanadates
Yibal. Yibal is the largest oilfield in Oman, located in the Ad Dhahirah Governorate, about 360km southwest of Muscat. It began production in 1968, and at its peak had a production of nearly . In recent years, it has begun to decline, and in 2005 produces about . The Yibal oil field is operated primarily by Petroleum Development Oman.

Yibal Khuff Project

UK-based Petrofac was selected to oversee the development of the giant Yibal Khuff project as part of an engineering, procurement and construction management contract in 2015. Petrofac said at the time that the contract value was around $900 million.  

The Yibal Khuff Project (YKP) started operating in 2021 September, employing 1,200 Omanis and 200 foreign nationals. At full operation the project will produce five million cubic metres of gas per day and around 20,000 barrels per day of crude oil. 

Oil fields of Oman
Geography of Oman

References
Molybdenum trioxide. Molybdenum trioxide describes a family of inorganic compounds with the formula MoO3(H2O)n where n = 0, 1, 2.  The anhydrous compound is produced on the largest scale of any molybdenum compound since it is the main intermediate produced when molybdenum ores are purified.  The anhydrous oxide is a precursor to molybdenum metal, an important alloying agent.  It is also an important industrial catalyst. It is a yellow solid, although impure samples can appear blue or green.

Molybdenum trioxide occurs as the rare mineral molybdite.

Structure

In the gas phase, three oxygen atoms are bonded to the central molybdenum atom.  In the solid state, anhydrous MoO3 is composed of layers of distorted MoO6 octahedra in an orthorhombic crystal. The octahedra share edges and form chains which are cross-linked by oxygen atoms to form layers. The octahedra have one short molybdenum-oxygen bond to a non-bridging oxygen. Also known is a metastable (β) form of MoO3 with a WO3-like structure.

Preparation and principal reactions

MoO3 is produced industrially by roasting the mineral molybdenite (molybdenum disulfide), the chief ore of molybdenum:
 
Similar procedures apply to the recovery of molybdenum from spent catalysts.  The resulting trioxide can be purified by sublimation.
The laboratory synthesis of the dihydrate entails acidification of aqueous solutions of sodium molybdate with perchloric acid:

The dihydrate loses water readily to give the monohydrate.  Both are bright yellow in color. Molybdenum trioxide dissolves slightly in water to give "molybdic acid".  In base, it dissolves to afford the molybdate anion.

Uses
Molybdenum trioxide is used to manufacture molybdenum metal:
MoO3  +  3 H2  →   Mo  +  3 H2O
Molybdenum trioxide is also a component of the co-catalyst used in the industrial production of acrylonitrile by the oxidation of propene and ammonia.

Because of its layered structure and the ease of the Mo(VI)/Mo(V) coupling, MoO3 is of interest in electrochemical devices and displays. It has been described as "the most commonly used TMO [transition metal oxide] in organic electronics applications ... it is evaporated at relatively low temperature (~400 °C)." It has favourable electronic and chemical properties for use as interfacing layers, p-type dopants and hole transport materials in OLEDs, organic solar cells and perovskite solar cells, especially when forming an ohmic contact to organic semiconductors.

References

Cited sources

External links
 
 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services National Toxicology Program
 International Molybdenum Association
 Los Alamos National Laboratory – "Molybdenum"

Molybdenum(VI) compounds
Transition metal oxides
Jet Data Access Objects. Jet Data Access Objects is a general programming interface for database access on Microsoft Windows systems, primarily for Jet and ACE databases.

History
DAO were originally called "VT Objects.: DAO 1.0 came up in November 1992 as part of Access 1.0. In version 3.5 it was able to bypass the Jet engine all together and directly access ODBC data sources, including Microsoft SQL Server and other enterprise database systems. DAO 3.6 shipped with Jet 4.0. Access 2007 and later uses ACE with its ACEDAO, where most new features supported by ACE are added to. ACEDAO no longer supports ODBCDirect.

Design

DAO works by creating a "workspace" object in which all database operations are performed. The workspace object exists as a session object that exists within a larger database engine object. There are two types of database engines: a Jet Database Engine object, and an ODBCDirect database engine.

Jet
The Jet database engine (in Access 2007 and later, ACE) object consists of several objects:
 a workspace object containing
 a groups-and-users object
 a database object containing objects which consist of:
 containers of objects
 query definition (QueryDef) objects
 Recordset objects which are defined by a set of field objects
 relation objects which show the relationship between different fields in the database
 table definition (TableDef) objects which consist of fields and indexes of selected fields.
 a series of error objects

The first version of DAO used Snapshot/Dynaset/Table objects etc. In DAO 2.0 Recordset etc. objects were introduced. DAO 3.0/3.5 only supported the old objects using a special compatibility TLB, which was removed completely in DAO 3.6.

ODBCDirect
The ODBCDirect database engine consists of a workspace object and an errors object. The main differences between this database engine and the Jet database engine are:
 the workspace object contains only a series of ODBC connection objects
 the database object consists of a series of recordset objects

The ODBC connection objects consist of QueryDef objects and recordset objects.

See also
 Microsoft Data Access Components
 ActiveX Data Objects (ADO)
 Remote Data Objects (RDO)

References

External links
DAO object model diagram with links to class reference pages

Microsoft application programming interfaces
Heats of fusion of the elements (data page). 

Heat of fusion

Notes 
 Values refer to the enthalpy change between the liquid phase and the most stable solid phase at the melting point (normal, 101.325 kPa).

References

CRC 
As quoted from various sources in an online version of:
 David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 6, Fluid Properties; Enthalpy of Fusion

LNG 
As quoted from various sources in:
 J.A. Dean (ed), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (15th Edition), McGraw-Hill, 1999; Section 6, Thermodynamic Properties; Table 6.4, Heats of Fusion, Vaporization, and Sublimation and Specific Heat at Various Temperatures of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds

WEL 
As quoted at http://www.webelements.com/ from these sources:
 G.W.C. Kaye and T.H. Laby in Tables of physical and chemical constants, Longman, London, UK, 15th edition, 1993.
 D.R. Lide, (ed.) in Chemical Rubber Company handbook of chemistry and physics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 79th edition, 1998.
 A.M. James and M.P. Lord in Macmillan's Chemical and Physical Data, Macmillan, London, UK, 1992.
 H. Ellis (Ed.) in Nuffield Advanced Science Book of Data, Longman, London, UK, 1972.

See also 

Thermodynamic properties
Chemical element data pages
Heats of vaporization of the elements (data page). 

Heat of vaporization

Notes 
 Values refer to the enthalpy change in the conversion of liquid to gas at the boiling point (normal, 101.325 kPa).

References

Zhang et al.

CRC
As quoted from various sources in an online version of:
 David R. Lide (ed.), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 6, Fluid Properties; Enthalpy of Vaporization

GME
Kugler HK & Keller C (eds) 1985, Gmelin handbook of inorganic and organometallic chemistry, 8th ed., 'At, Astatine', system no. 8a, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, , pp. 116–117

LNG
As quoted from various sources in:
 J.A. Dean (ed.), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (15th Edition), McGraw-Hill, 1999; Section 6, Thermodynamic Properties; Table 6.4, Heats of Fusion, Vaporization, and Sublimation and Specific Heat at Various Temperatures of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds

WEL
As quoted at http://www.webelements.com/ from these sources:
 G.W.C. Kaye and T. H. Laby in Tables of physical and chemical constants, Longman, London, UK, 15th edition, 1993.
 D.R. Lide, (ed.) in Chemical Rubber Company handbook of chemistry and physics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 79th edition, 1998.
 A.M. James and M.P. Lord in Macmillan's Chemical and Physical Data, Macmillan, London, UK, 1992.
 H. Ellis (ed.) in Nuffield Advanced Science Book of Data, Longman, London, UK, 1972.

See also 

Thermodynamic properties
Chemical element data pages
USS Morris (DD-271). USS Morris (DD-271) was a  built for the United States Navy during World War I.

Description
The Clemson class was a repeat of the preceding  although more fuel capacity was added. The ships displaced  at standard load and  at deep load. They had an overall length of , a beam of  and a draught of . They had a crew of 6 officers and 108 enlisted men.

Performance differed radically between the ships of the class, often due to poor workmanship. The Clemson class was powered by two steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft, using steam provided by four water-tube boilers. The turbines were designed to produce a total of  intended to reach a speed of . The ships carried a maximum of  of fuel oil which was intended gave them a range of  at .

The ships were armed with four 4-inch (102 mm) guns in single mounts and were fitted with two  1-pounder guns for anti-aircraft defense. In many ships a shortage of 1-pounders caused them to be replaced by 3-inch (76 mm) guns. Their primary weapon, though, was their torpedo battery of a dozen 21 inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes in four triple mounts. They also carried a pair of depth charge rails. A "Y-gun" depth charge thrower was added to many ships.

Construction and career
Morris, named for Charles Morris, was laid down 20 July 1918 by the Fore River Plant, Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation, Squantum, Massachusetts; launched 12 April 1919; sponsored by Mrs. George E. Roosevelt, great-granddaughter of Commodore Charles Morris; and commissioned 21 July 1919.

On 26 August 1919 Morris sailed for European waters. A month later she passed through the Strait of Gibraltar and continued on to Split, Croatia (then Yugoslavia). There she joined the Adriatic Detachment which was then performing quasi-political and diplomatic duties in the void caused by the breakup of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. She returned to New York 21 May 1920 and operated briefly on the east coast before sailing for San Diego, California. Steaming via the Panama Canal she arrived at San Diego 7 September and for the next 9 months cruised south for brief patrols off the politically unstable countries of Nicaragua and Mexico.

She decommissioned at San Diego 15 June 1922 and entered the Reserve Fleet. Struck from the Naval Vessel Register 19 May 1936, she was sold to the Schiavone Bonomo Corporation of New York City 29 September 1936.

Notes

References

External links

http://www.navsource.org/archives/05/271.htm

Clemson-class destroyers
Ships built in Quincy, Massachusetts
1919 ships
Dr. Watson (debugger). Dr. Watson is an application debugger included with the Microsoft Windows operating system.  It may be named drwatson.exe, drwtsn32.exe or dwwin.exe, depending on the version of Windows.

Overview
The tool is named after Doctor Watson of Sherlock Holmes fame, the idea being that it would collect error information (symptoms) following a program crash. The use of the word "Watson" has since been expanded to include general end-user feedback services. The original name of this diagnostic tool was "Sherlock".

The information obtained and logged by Dr. Watson is the information needed by technical support personnel to diagnose a program error for a computer running Windows. A text file (usually drwtsn32.log) is created whenever an error is detected, and can be delivered to support personnel by the method they prefer. A crash dump file can also be created, which is a binary file that a programmer can load into a debugger. Dr. Watson can be made to generate more exacting information for debugging purposes if the appropriate symbol files are installed and the symbol search path (environment variable) is set.

When a program error occurs in Windows, the system searches for a program error handler. A program error handler deals with errors as they arise during the running of a program. If the system does not find a program error handler, the system verifies that the program is not currently being debugged and considers the error to be unhandled. The system then processes unhandled errors by looking in the registry for a program error debugger for which Dr. Watson is the default. A third-party debugger can also be used in place of Dr. Watson. The Watcom C Compiler includes a similar crash-analysis tool named "Dr. Watcom".

Beginning with Windows XP, Dr. Watson (drwtsn32.exe) was extended with (dwwin.exe) "Problem Reports and Solutions".

See also
Windows Error Reporting
ProcDump

References

External links
 Kirk Glerum and Mike Hollinshead - Watson (what happens when your system crashes?)
 How to disable Dr. Watson for Windows

Windows components
Windows administration
Night service (telephony). Night service in telephony is a feature of private branch exchanges and other business telephone systems, whereby for a set period during the day (usually those hours outside of normal office or work hours, when normal operator services are not provided), all incoming calls are automatically redirected by the switchboard to a specific extension or to equipment such as an answering machine or other voice mail system.

In systems without direct inward dial capability, all calls for a large organisation originally were placed to the facility's main number, where a switchboard operator or attendant would ask which extension or department the caller intended to reach. The call would then be transferred manually. As soon as the front office closed for the day, the system would be unusable for inbound calls.

Night service would redirect after-hours calls to a desk where personnel remained on duty overnight, such as a night watchman's duty station or a commercial answering service. An automated attendant may also be used to retain inbound calling to individual extensions after a live attendant goes off duty.

References 

 
 

Services marketing
Telephony
SkyRoads (video game). SkyRoads is a 1993 video game for DOS developed by BlueMoon Software of Estonia. It is a remake of the 1990 video game Kosmonaut. It sold internationally and got low-cost retail (LCR) distribution deals from the U.S. to Taiwan.

Gameplay

The space bar and directional keys are used to create an easy "jump and move" motion. Up accelerates the ship, while down slows down the ship. Meters at the bottom indicate the ship's current speed, oxygen level, and fuel level. The meter to the left indicates the level progress, next to a grav-o-meter that describes the planet's gravity (100 is the lowest, giving a weightless feeling, and 1700 is the highest, allowing no jumping). The level is restarted if the ship is destroyed, runs out of fuel or oxygen, or falls off the roads.

Certain colors on the roads indicate special properties upon contact:
Dark Gray: Ship can't steer left or right and maintains prior angular momentum. (Called "Slippery" in the game)
Dark Green: Ship decelerates quickly. (Called "Sticky" in the game)
Light Green: Ship accelerates quickly. (Called "Boost" in the game)
Light Red: Ship explodes. It is safe to be on the very edge of a light red square. (Called "Burning" in the game)
Blue: Refills oxygen and fuel. Several levels have hidden blue tiles that must be reached in order to complete the level. (Called "Supplies" in the game)

The levels always end with a tunnel that ends into space, signifying a win.

Legacy
Following the success of the original Skyroads, Bluemoon released a Skyroads XMAS-Special version in 1994, which featured exactly the same interface and features but different and considerably harder levels.

Bluemoon made a simple non-interactive hardware demo to be bundled for the Texas VR gear company titled Stellar Xpress, which effectively was a modern update to SkyRoads/Kosmonaut, but the project was cancelled.

Antonio Scacchetti and Massimiliano Nigro who formed Dev9k Games, were inspired by the game to create their own visual novel variation of it called “Nirvana Pilot Yume”.

References

External links
Bluemoon Interactive SkyRoads Page - Including Demo and Full Version Download

Openroadsgame - Including Full Online Version of game
Tierra De Soldados - Spanish Review of game

1993 video games
DOS games
DOS-only games
Freeware games
Racing video games
Video games developed in Estonia
Christmas video games
Single-player video games
Bluemoon Interactive games
PIK. PIK can mean:

 Payment in kind (disambiguation)
 PIK Group, the largest real estate and home-builder company in Russia
 Islamic Party of Kurdistan (PIK)
 Pantai Indah Kapuk, a community in the sub-district of Penjaringan, North Jakarta, Indonesia
 Glasgow Prestwick International Airport, IATA airport code
 Polyteknikkojen Ilmailukerho, the flying club of Helsinki University of Technology
 the series of sail and motor airplanes developed by the club, including the Eiri-Avion PIK-20
 Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, a research institute in Potsdam, Germany
 Google's experimental PIK image file format that became part of JPEG XL

See also 
 Pik (disambiguation)
Torre Ejecutiva Pemex. The Pemex Executive Tower () is an office skyscraper in Mexico City. The  international style tower was built between 1979 and 1984. Since the building's opening, it has been occupied by state-owned Pemex, one of the largest petroleum companies in the world.

History
The Pemex Executive Tower originally proposed to replace two 14-story towers built between 1967 and 1970. Later, these buildings were replaced by a pair of 26-story towers to house Pemex's administrative offices. However, the 1980s oil boom demanded office space growth and Pemex decided to build a single 51-story tower in a downtown lot with a huge plaza covering an underground avenue. The building is anchored to the ground, resting on 164 concrete and steel piles that penetrate to a depth of 35 meters surpassing the old filling swampy lake to reach firmer ground. In addition, its x-braced structure features 90 shock-absorbers to minimize oscillations from earthquakes. The tower was completed in 1984, but the surrounding plaza was never completed.

The Pemex Executive Tower remained the tallest building in Mexico for almost 20 years, until August 2003, when the 55-story Torre Mayor was completed only  away. As of January 2018, the Torre Pemex is the sixth tallest building in Mexico, and the fourth tallest in Mexico City. The tower is currently occupied by approximately 7,000 Pemex employees.

On 19 September 1985, the tower withstood a magnitude 8.1 earthquake, as well as other strong earthquakes that commonly strike Mexico City. The building was designed to withstand an earthquake of 8.5 on the Richter scale.

January 2013 explosion

On 31 January 2013, a powerful explosion rocked the tower, claiming 37 lives and injuring approximately 126. The explosion is believed to have occurred in the basement of the building's link to an adjacent building (which took the most damage). A gas leak and following accumulation ignited by sparks is believed to be the cause of the explosion. Employees said that the Torre Ejecutiva swayed and vibrated for a few seconds.

See also
List of tallest buildings in Mexico City

References

External links
 
 

Pemex
Office buildings in Mexico
Skyscraper office buildings in Mexico City
Office buildings completed in 1984
Buildings and structures completed in 1984
1984 establishments in Mexico
Mean free time. Molecules in a fluid constantly collide with each other. The mean free time for a molecule in a fluid is the average time between collisions. The mean free path of the molecule is the product of the average speed and the mean free time. These concepts are used in the kinetic theory of gases to compute transport coefficients such as the viscosity.

In a gas the mean free path may be much larger than the average distance between molecules. In a liquid these two lengths may be very similar.

Scattering is a random process. It is often modeled as a Poisson process, in which the probability of a collision in a small time interval  is . For a Poisson process like this, the average time since the last collision, the average time until the next collision and the average time between collisions are all equal to .

References

Statistical mechanics