omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Reactive empirical bond order. The reactive empirical bond-order (REBO) model is a function for calculating the potential energy of covalent bonds and the interatomic force. In this model, the total potential energy of system is a sum of nearest-neighbour pair interactions which depend not only on the distance between atoms but also on their local atomic environment. A parametrized bond order function was used to describe chemical pair bonded interactions.

The early formulation and parametrization of REBO for carbon systems was done by Tersoff in 1988, based on works of Abell. The Tersoff's model could describe single, double and triple bond energies in carbon structures such as in hydrocarbons and diamonds. A significant step was taken by Brenner in 1990. He extended Tersoff's potential function to radical and conjugated hydrocarbon bonds by introducing two additional terms into the bond order function.

Compared to classical first-principle and semi-empirical approaches, the REBO model is less time-consuming, since only the 1st- and 2nd-nearest-neighbour interactions were considered. This advantage of computational efficiency is especially helpful for large-scale atomic simulations (from 1000 to 1000000 atoms). In recent years, the REBO model has been widely used in the studies concerning mechanical and thermal properties of carbon nanotubes.

Despite numerous successful applications of the first-generation REBO potential function, its several drawbacks have been reported. e.g. its form is too restrictive to simultaneously fit equilibrium distances, energies, and force constants for all types of C-C bonds, the possibility of modeling processes involving energetic atomic collisions is limited because both Morse-type terms go to finite values when the atomic distance decreases, and the neglect of a separate pi bond contribution leads to problems with the overbinding of radicals and a poor treatment of conjugacy.

To overcome these drawbacks, an extension of Brenner's potential was proposed by Stuart et al. It is called the adaptive intermolecular reactive bond order (AIREBO) potential, in which both the repulsive and attractive pair interaction functions in REBO function are modified to fit bond properties, and the long-range atomic interactions and single bond torsional interactions are included. The AIREBO model has been used in recent studies using numerical simulations.

References 

Chemical physics
Chemical bonding
Combine (enterprise). Combine () is a term for industrial business groups, conglomerates or trusts in the former socialist countries. Examples include VEB Kombinat Robotron, an electronics manufacturer, and IFA, a manufacturer of  vehicles, both in East Germany, and the Erdenet copper combine in Mongolia.

Influence 
The model of the kombinat was an influence on the development of the Chinese danwei.

See also
Production association

References

External links
 Комбiнат at a dictionary of the Ukrainian language 
 Production Association (combine). The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased.
 Combine (industry). The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased.

Conglomerate companies
Manufacturing companies of Russia
Manufacturing companies of the Soviet Union
Magnetek. Magnetek, Inc., is a technology company founded in 1984 and headquartered in Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin, and is a NASDAQ Global Market listed company. The company develops, manufactures, and markets digital power and motion control systems for material handling, people-moving and mining applications. Its power control systems serve the needs of selected niches of traditional and emerging commercial markets that are becoming increasingly dependent on "smart" power. Magnetek operates four ISO9001:2008 certified research and manufacturing facilities in North America.

The company is America's largest supplier of motor control, radio controls, and automation systems for industrial cranes and hoists. It is also the world's largest independent builder of digital motion control systems for elevators, holding this position by designing and manufacturing motion control subsystems. The company's mining division focuses on coal mining by building a hydraulic drive system that enables mining equipment to recover coal for refinement to produce "clean coal" energy.

Business Areas
Magnetek currently primary areas of business:

 Material Handling
 People Moving
 Mining

Company history
 1984 –  Magnetek is formed through the LBO of Litton's Magnetics Group, including Louis Allis Drives & Systems.
 1985 –  Magnetek acquires Power Controls Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa.
 1986 –  Magnetek acquires Century Electric with Yaskawa drives distribution franchise in U.S.
 1991 –  Magnetek acquires Plessey Valdarno in Italy.
 1999 –  Magnetek sells Century Electric, Magnetek acquires Electromotive Systems and Mondel Engineering.
 2000 –  Magnetek acquires J-Tec, Inc.
 2001 –  Magnetek acquires ADS, Inc. and sells drives distribution and lighting businesses, Elevator Products business moves to Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin.
 2002 –  Magnetek acquires LAB Communications
 2003 –  Magnetek acquires Telemotive Industrial Controls; Power Conversion and Alternative Energy businesses move to Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin.
 2004 –  Magnetek relocates Telemotive business to Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin.
 2006 –  Magnetek announces the divestiture of its Power Electronics Group headquartered in Italy. Worldwide headquarters moved to Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin.
 2008 –  Magnetek acquires Enrange, LLC.
 2009 –  Magnetek announces divestiture of Telecom Power Business
2015 – Magnetek is acquired by Columbus McKinnon Corporation

Divisions
Magnetek Elevator
Magnetek Material Handling
Magnetek Mining

References

External links
Company website
Magnetek Elevator
Magnetek Material Handling
Magnetek Mining

Manufacturing companies based in Wisconsin
Companies based in Milwaukee
Electronics companies established in 1984
1984 establishments in Wisconsin
Companies formerly listed on the Nasdaq
Evil Genes. Evil Genes is a book by Barbara Oakley, a systems engineer, about the neurological and social factors contributing to chronic antisocial behavior. The text was published on October 31, 2007, by Prometheus Books.

The book has earned both praise and criticism for its treatment of what Oakley considers gaps in psychological research surrounding "successfully sinister" individuals—those who show subclinical symptoms of personality disorders, and who are often found in positions of authority in politics, religion, business, and academia.

See also
 Psychopathy
 The Mask of Sanity
 Snakes in Suits: When Psychopaths Go to Work
 The Psychopath Test

References

Further reading
 Erich Fromm: The Anatomy of Human Destructiveness

External links
 Official website

2007 non-fiction books
Science books
Criminology
Books about psychopathy
List of Intel manufacturing sites. Intel is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Santa Clara, California. Processors are manufactured in semiconductor fabrication plants called "fabs" which are then sent to assembly and testing sites before delivery to customers. Intel has stated that approximately 75% of their semiconductor fabrication is performed in the United States.

Since May 1990, Intel has made an effort to eliminate chlorofluorocarbon consumption for the Oregon, Puerto Rico and Ireland system factories.

Both Schumacher a division of Air Products & Chemicals and Intel developed chemical that reduce ozone emission using TRANS-LC or trans 1, 2-dichloroethylene to replace from TCA or 1,1,1-trichloromethane to grow defect free silicon oxide surfaces.

Current fab sites

Past fab sites

Assembly and test sites
AFO, Aloha, Oregon, United States
Chandler, Arizona, United States
CD1, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
CD6, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
KMDSDP, Kulim, Malaysia
KMO, Kulim, Malaysia
KM5, Kulim, Malaysia
PG8, Penang, Malaysia
VNAT, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Jerusalem, Israel
CRAT, Heredia, Belén, Costa Rica (1997–2014; 2020 – present)
Makati, Philippines – MN1-MN5 also known as A2/T11 (1974–2009)
Cavite, Philippines – CV1-CV4 (1997–2009)
Shanghai, China (former Assembly / Test Manufacturing)
Las Piedras Puerto Rico 1991-2001 (assemble Pentium CPU/Motherboards)
Wroclaw/Walbrzych, Poland - planned 2027 (former Assembly / Test Manufacturing)

See also
 List of semiconductor fabrication plants

External links
Global Manufacturing at Intel

References

Manufacturing sites
Computing-related lists
Manufacturing plants
Lists of industrial buildings
Manufacturing-related lists
Primavera Systems. Primavera Systems, Inc was a private company providing Project Portfolio Management (PPM) software to help project-intensive organizations identify, prioritize, and select project investments and plan, manage, and control projects and project portfolios of all sizes. On January 1, 2009 Oracle Corporation took legal ownership of Primavera.

History of Primavera Systems, Inc

Corporate 
Nigel, Les Seskin and Dick Faris founded Primavera Systems, Inc. on May 1, 1983. It traded as a private company based in Pennsylvania (USA), developing software for the Project Portfolio Management market. To help expand its product capabilities, Primavera acquired Eagle Ray Software Systems in 1999, Evolve Technologies (a professional services automation vendor) in 2003, ProSight [2][3] (an IT portfolio management software vendor) in 2006, and, in the same year, Pertmaster (a project risk management software vendor).

In 2008 Oracle Corporation acquired Primavera, and turned it into its Primavera Global Business Unit (PGBU).

After a 27-year version life, Oracle ceased sales of the P3 and SureTrak versions on December 31, 2010.

In 2011, co-founder Joel Koppelman announced his retirement; Mike Sicilia, SVP and General Manager, succeeded him.  Co-founder Dick Faris has retired in December 2014 as Senior Vice President, Customers.

In 2016, the Primavera Global Business Unit became Oracle Construction and Engineering Global Business Unit (CEGBU) following multiple acquisitions, including Skire (now Primavera Unifier), Instantis (Cloud based Project Portfolio Management) and Textura (a Chicago based company offering contract management and online payment tools for the construction industry).
More recently Australian-based Aconex joined the Construction and Engineering family, offering project controls, collaboration, document management and BIM capabilities.

See also 
 Primavera (software)
 Project Portfolio Management
 Project Management

External links
 Oracle Construction and Engineering website
 Oracle Construction and Engineering blog

References 

Oracle software
Project management software
Defunct software companies of the United States
Oracle acquisitions
Altos Design Automation. Altos Design Automation, Inc. was an electronic design automation
software company.   Altos developed and marketed cell and semiconductor
intellectual property (IP) characterization tools that created library views
for timing, signal integrity and power analysis and optimization. The Altos
tools were fully automated and the company claimed that its tools are
extremely fast.   The Altos tools were used by engineers employing both
corner-based and statistical-based design implementation flows to reduce
time-to -market and improve yield.

Altos was founded in January 2005 in Santa Clara,
California by former employees of Cadence Design Systems. All members of the
team worked at CadMOS where they were responsible for the development of
Signal Integrity analysis tools for both cell- and transistor-level digital
IC designers. In May 2011 Altos was acquired by Cadence.

Products

Variety creates statistical timing cell models that represent the non-linear impact of any number of systematic and random parameter variations.  All library timing data is characterized for variation including delays, transitions, timing constraints, and pin capacitances. Variety generates statistical static timing analysis (SSTA) models for a number of commercial SSTA products from a single characterization run.

Liberate is an automated library characterization tool for standard cells and I/Os that serves existing static timing analyzers. Liberate takes in a Spice netlist and Spice subcircuits, and automatically generates a characterized cell library. It supports both Composite Current Source (CCS) model backed by Synopsys and the Effective Current Source Model (ECSM) backed by Cadence Design Systems.

Footnotes

References
 "Fireside Chat: Rick Lucier and Jim McCanny", EDACafe, 2008-01-28.
 "The 'Inconvenient Truth' of statistical design", SCDsource, 2007-12-05.
 "Where's the value in DFM? D or M?", Chip Design, 2007-03-01.
 "Altos closes $1.5M, signs Jim Hogan", EE Times, 2007-01-05.
 "Firms partner on standard statistical analysis library format", EE Times, 2006-07-25.
 "What's Hot at DAC?", EE Times, 2006-07-17.
 "Startup to 'Liberate' library characterization", EE Times, 2006-07-03.

External links
 http://www.altos-da.com

Electronic design automation companies
Companies based in San Jose, California
West Bridge. The West Bridge is a growing architectural approach, originally developed by Cypress Semiconductor, which enhances and modularizes a peripheral controller in an embedded computer architecture. Conceptually, the West Bridge parallels and complements the decentralization represented by the North Bridge and the South Bridge. Most notably, it has been used by Research in Motion to permit extremely high data transfer rates in its BlackBerry devices.

Overview
While the North Bridge focuses on memory control and the South Bridge focuses on the "slower" capabilities of the motherboard, the West Bridge focuses on peripheral control. The new architectural modularization opens up the potential for increased system performance. Being directly connected, peripheral control can be handled wholly and independently through a West Bridge controller, leaving a processor offloaded and free to focus on other data-intensive operations. While it enhances the system's performance via the processor, a West Bridge companion chip may also serve directly as a peripheral accelerator.

Etymology
The term West Bridge was first introduced by Cypress Semiconductor, which designs products to provide optimal performance and connectivity in the embedded world. The name was chosen deliberately to be a meme consistent with the North Bridge and South Bridge concepts. "West Bridge" refers both to the architectural scheme in general and to the product family with which it was introduced by Cypress.

Interface Support 

Interfaces continually change towards faster, lower power, fewer pins, and newer standards, making it challenging for processors to follow and integrate them. A prime function of West Bridge devices is to enable connection to these varied interfaces.

An example of such an interface is NAND Flash, which keeps evolving with new generations of Multi-Level Cell NAND. A West Bridge device might handle the MLC NAND management and enable lowest-cost memory support for a main processor, which otherwise would only support NOR or Single-Level Cell NAND.

Some commonly supported interfaces of West Bridge companion chips are:
 Mass storage
 GPIO
 MMC+
 SD v1.1
 SD v2.0
 SDIO
 CE-ATA
 MLC NAND
 SLC NAND
 Full NAND management
 Processor
 SRAM
 SPI
 ADMUX
 NAND
 NOR
 USB
 USB 2.0 at 480 Mbit/s

Applications 
The West Bridge architecture is relevant to a broad range of applications.

Common applications include:
 Handsets
 Portable media players
 Personal digital assistants
 Portable navigation devices
 Digital cameras
 Printers
 Point-of-sale terminals
 Set-top boxes
 Security dongles

References

External links 
 Embedded.com - West Bridge-arrive at improved high-speed USB in multimedia handset design
 EdaGeek.com - Cypress West Bridge Antioch Controller Ranks First in Benchmarks

Motherboard
Computer peripherals
Embedded systems
Procaer Picchio. The Procaer F.15 Picchio (Italian: "Woodpecker") is an Italian-designed light utility aircraft built by Procaer (PROgetti Costruzioni AERonautiche).

Design
The Picchio was developed in Italy in the late 1950s as a further development of Stelio Frati's Falco and Nibbio designs. Like its predecessors, the Picchio was a conventional low-wing cantilever monoplane of exceptionally clean lines, with retractable tricycle undercarriage. Early versions of the Picchio shared the same wooden construction as the earlier designs, but had a thin aluminium skin over the top of their plywood skins. The F.15E and F.15F, however, were all-metal.

Production
Production of the early, wooden Picchios was carried out by Procaer in Milan, but in the mid 1960s, Frati established General Avia as his own factory to build his designs, commencing with the F.15E. Only a few examples were built, however, and the design lay dormant until revived by an Austrian company, HOAC in the mid 1990s. HOAC arranged to have the two-seat F.15F model built at the JSC Sokol plant in Niznij Novgorod, but ran out of money, leaving Sokol with unsold airframes in various states of completion.

Operational history
The Picchio was primarily intended for operation by private pilot owners and the design was exported to several European countries as well as being purchased by Italian individuals. Several are still airworthy (2012).

Variants
 F.15 - prototype and initial production with  Lycoming O-320 engine and three seats. 5 built.
 F.15A - revised production version with  Lycoming O-360 engine and four seats. 10 built by Procaer.

 F.15B - similar to F.15A but with larger-span wings and fuel tanks relocated from fuselage to wings (20 built by Procaer).
 F.15C - version with  Continental IO-470-E engine and tip tanks. One built.
 F.15D - proposed version similar to F.15B with  Franklin engine. Not built.
 F.15E Picchio - Four-seat, all metal aircraft with fuel in wing and wing-tip tanks and powered by  Continental IO-520K engine. First prototype flown 21 December 1968 and second aircraft flown 1976.
 F.15F - All metal, four-seat derivative of F15.E with bubble canopy and powered by  IO-360 engine. One built by General Avia, flying 20 October 1977.
 F.15F Excalibur - F.15F built by JSC Sokol at Nizhny Novgorod, Russia for assembly by Eurospace in Italy. Pre-production aircraft assembled by HOAC in Austria and flown in October 1994. Orders for 33 aircraft at end of 1995, with about 100 in various stages of construction or assembly at that time.

Specifications (F.15B)

References

Further reading

 
 

Procaer aircraft
General Avia aircraft
1950s Italian civil utility aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1959
Elektor Junior Computer. The Elektor Junior Computer was a simple 6502-based microprocessor development board published in the 1980s in the Dutch,  German and later French, Spanish, British and Indian versions of Elektor/Elektuur, in the form of a series of articles and four books. It was developed by the German engineer Loys Nachtmann.

The books are available in the Internet Archive.

The Junior Computer was a virtual clone of the KIM-1, only it did not use the special I/O+ROM chips (MCS6530) but rather an off-the-shelf 6532 RIOT and a 2708 1K EPROM. It also had a different physical shape, as it used the Eurocard board, and a 31-pin DIN connector for I/O and a DIN 41612 connector for system expansion. It was delivered as an electronic kit or could purchased as two printed circuit boards (main board and seven-segment display board) only, for components to be installed. 

As it was much lower in price than an original KIM, many more Junior computers (several thousands) were used in the Netherlands, Germany and France, than original KIM-1s. 

Later extension boards were developed, and a BASIC interpreter was ported.
Elektor expansion boards specifically for the Junior were an I/O interface card (including a 6522 VIA, a tape recorder interface and a RS-232 port), a VDU (video terminal) (an improvement of the previous "elekterminal" design), an EPROM and SRAM expansion board, a 16/64 KB DRAM board and EPROM programmer board, and a floppy disk controller, as well as a dozen smaller boards for small improvements and interfaces.

External links 
 pictures of the Junior-Computer and several expansion boards
 elektuur unofficial Junior computer website
 Internet Archive

Early microcomputers
Pnuts. Pnuts is a dynamic scripting language for the Java platform. It is designed to be used in a dual language system with the Java programming language. The goals of the Pnuts project are to provide a small, fast scripting language that has tight integration with the Java language. Pnuts uses syntax that is simple and friendly to Java developers, while also being very expressive.

Relationship to Java 

Because Java and Pnuts share the same type system, Java code can easily invoke or define Pnuts functions. Likewise, Pnuts code can easily manipulate Java objects. Pnuts code can even define Java classes. Because Pnuts compiles to Java byte codes, these classes can be used by Java just like any other class. A class written in Pnuts can even later be replaced by a class written in Java with no other code changes.

Pnuts syntax can look very similar to Java. The following is a code sample written in Java that is also a valid Pnuts script:

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List; 
List<String> countries = new ArrayList<String>(); 
countries.add("Canada"); 
countries.add("Austria"); 
countries.add("Brazil"); 
Collections.sort(countries); 
for (String country : countries)
    System.out.println("Hello " + country); 

Alternatively, the expressiveness of Pnuts could be utilized:

use("pnuts.lib") // Standard module that makes sort, println and other functions available. 
countries = ["Canada", "Austria", "Brazil"] 
sort(countries) 
for (country : countries) println("Hello " + country)

History 

Pnuts was originally developed in 1997 by Toyokazu Tomatsu as a testing tool for Java classes. Pnuts has since been extended, mainly focusing on essential functionality required for a Java-based scripting engine, such as a module system and bytecode compiler.

Commercial usage of Pnuts includes Rockwell Automation's FactoryTalk development system.

It looks like the project is no longer under development.

External links 
 Rockwell Automation - FactoryTalk 

JVM programming languages
Scripting languages
Object-oriented programming languages
Java programming language family