omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Hrvatska elektroprivreda. Hrvatska elektroprivreda (HEP Group) is a national power company in Croatia which has been engaged in electricity production, transmission and distribution for more than one century, and with heat supply and gas distribution for the past few decades. HEP Group is organized in the form of a holding company with a number of daughter companies.

History
HEP claims to be the oldest electric company distributing alternating current, tracing its foundation to 1895 when the first European power plant Jaruga Hydroelectric Power Plant was built, only three days after the Adams Power Plant at Niagara Falls.

Structure
The parent company of HEP Group, HEP d.d., performs the function of HEP Group corporate management.

Production is delegated to two subsidiaries: HEP Proizvodnja d.o.o., which deals with a majority of generation facilities, and TE Plomin d.o.o., which is co-owned by HEP and RWE Power, and operates Plomin thermal power plant. HEP also owns 50% of Krško Nuclear Power Plant in Slovenia.

HEP Operator prijenosnog sustava d.o.o. (HEP OPS; English: HEP Transmission System Operator) and HEP Operator distribucijskog sustava d.o.o. (HEP ODS, English: HEP Distribution System Operator) are providers of public services of  electricity transmission and distribution, respectively, for the needs of participants in the Croatian market.

HEP ODS is also responsible for supplying tariff customers, while supplying eligible customers (industry and businesses) falls under the jurisdiction of HEP Opskrba d.o.o.

Other business activities include: district heating (HEP Toplinarstvo d.o.o.), gas distribution (HEP Plin d.o.o.), energy efficiency (HEP ESCO d.o.o.), environmental protection with a focus on waste management (APO d.o.o.), renewable energy sources (HEP Obnovljivi izvori energije d.o.o.), education and training (HEP Nastavno-obrazovni centar) and leisure and recreation (HEP Odmor i rekreacija d.o.o.).

See also

European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity

References

External links
 Company website

Electric power companies of Croatia
Companies based in Zagreb
Government-owned companies of Croatia
Government-owned energy companies
Viehland–Mason theory. The Viehland–Mason theory is a two-temperature theory for charged and neutral atoms, which explains how trace ions can have a substantially different temperature than dilute gas atoms. It is one of any of a number of kinetic theories of the transport of trace amounts of molecular ions through neutral gases under the influence of a uniform electrostatic field. Larry Viehland and Edward A. Mason developed it in the late 1970s. They later extended this theory into a three-temperature theory that allowed for different ion temperatures parallel and perpendicular to the electric field.  Current work for atomic ion-neutral systems uses a Gram–Charlier probability function as a zero-order approximation to the ion velocity distribution function.

The Gram–Charlier theory has been remarkably successful in producing calculated mobilities and diffusion coefficients that are in excellent agreement with experimental results if the microscopic force between the ion and atom is accurately known over a wide range of separation. The Viehland–Mason theories for molecular ions in molecular gases are more elaborate than those for atoms, since the forces are angle-dependent and since internal degrees of freedom must be included. Theories have been developed using quantum-mechanical and semi-classical approaches, but there have been no numerical applications because it is extremely difficult to calculate the necessary cross-sections. To circumvent this difficulty, completely classical kinetic theories for atomic ions in non-vibrating (rigid rotor) diatomic gases and for non-vibrating diatomic ions in atomic or non-vibrating diatomic gases have been developed.

References
 Mason, Edward A. and Earl W. MacDaniel. 1988. Transport Properties of Ions in Gases. John Wiley & Sons.
 Viehland, L. A. 2003. “Mobilities.” In Armentrout, Peter B. (ed.) The Encyclopedia of Mass Spectrometry. Elsevier. pp. 491–498

Temperature
Green lightning (computing). Green lightning originally referred to random flashing streaks across the screen of IBM 3278-9 computer terminals, which were produced by a hardware bug when a new symbol set was being downloaded. Instead of fixing the fault, IBM suggested that it was useful because it let the user know during the download that something was in progress.

Later IBM colour graphics terminals were microprocessor driven and would not have produced flashing streaks. IBM decided to program them to re-create the "green lightning", since the bug had become a featurea phenomenon known as a misbug.

This is one of many terms from the Jargon File that are widely quoted but have little or no everyday usage.

References
 

Computer jargon
Hardware bugs
Aero Research Limited. Aero Research Limited (ARL) was a British company that pioneered several new adhesives, intended initially for the aeronautical industry.

Formed in 1934 by Norman de Bruyne at Duxford, Cambridgeshire from an earlier company of his, the Cambridgeshire Aeroplane Construction Company, ARL started a long-term relationship with the de Havilland company by initially working on reinforced phenol-formaldehyde resins for use in variable pitch propellers. This material, being lighter than aluminium alloys, offered much-reduced centrifugal loads on the hub bearings.

This was followed by work on synthetic urea-formaldehyde adhesives and led to the Aerolite range of wood glues, used on the Horsa glider and the de Havilland Mosquito fast bomber and later, fighter.

ARL was responsible for developing a number of aeronautical-related adhesives, including Aerolite 306, Aerodux 500, Redux - a metal-to-wood, metal-to-metal adhesive, used on the de Havilland Hornet and Comet, and the epoxy resin Araldite. Other products included its Aeroweb honeycomb core, and Fibrelam  panels.

ARL was later sold to Ciba in 1947 and its range of products later marketed under the Ciba (ARL) name.

See also
 De Bruyne Snark

References

External links
 The de Bruyne Medal
 A 1957 advert for Aero Research's 'Honecomb core' material
 "A.R.L. Quarter-Century" a 1959 Flight article

Chemical companies of the United Kingdom
Companies based in Cambridgeshire
GeoSciML. GeoSciML or Geoscience Markup Language is a GML Application Schema that can be used to transfer information about geology, with an emphasis on the "interpreted geology" that is conventionally portrayed on geologic maps. Its feature-type catalogue includes Geologic Unit, Mapped Feature, Earth Material, Geologic Structure, and specializations of these, as well as Borehole and other observational artefacts. It was created by, and is governed by, the Commission for the Management and Application of Geoscience Information (CGI) to support interoperability of information served from Geologic Surveys and other data custodians. It will be used in the OneGeology project, an effort to create a geological map of the entire Earth, served live by merging data from many national geological surveys.

The GeoSciML project was initiated in 2003, under the auspices of the Commission for Geoscience Information (CGI) working group on Data Model Collaboration. The project is part of what is known as the CGI Interoperability
Working Group.

GeoSciML is intended for use by data portals publishing data for customers in GeoSciML, for interchanging data between organisations that use different database implementations and software/systems environments, and in particular, for use in geoscience web services. In this way, GeoSciML allows applications to utilize globally distributed geoscience data and information.

Version 3.1 was released in December, 2012. In January, 2013 a Standards Working Group was initiated in the Open Geospatial Consortium to develop a version 4 release as an OGC modular specification. This release will include simple feature 'portrayal' schemes to support interoperable view services. Links to documentation, XML schema and other resources are available at the GeoSciML resource repository.

See also

 Systems Geology
 OneGeology

References

External links
 Geoscience Markup Language (GeoSciML) - from IUGS Commission for Geoscience Information
 XML schemas and documentation from the official release server.
 Geologic Time Scale  - model and schema as described in a paper published in Geosphere
 Developing the GeoSciML interoperability standard, Geoscience Australia and CSIRO, November 2007
 , GeoSciML- A GML Application for Geoscience Information Interchange, USGS OFR 2007-1285
 , GeoSciML Version 3 Release announcement, American Geophysical Union, 2011.

XML markup languages
Geology software
Industry-specific XML-based standards
GIS file formats
Harry Mairson. Harry George Mairson is a theoretical computer scientist and professor of computer science in the Volen National Center for Complex Systems at Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts. His research is in the fields of logic in computer science, lambda calculus and functional programming, type theory and constructive mathematics, computational complexity theory, and algorithmics.

His Ph.D. thesis, The Program Complexity of Searching a Table, won the Machtey Award at the 1983 IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science  (FOCS).  Mairson was a Postdoctoral researcher at INRIA Rocqencourt from 1984 to 1985, at Stanford University in 1985, and at the University of Oxford in 1986.  He held a visiting professor position from 1999 to 2001 at Boston University.  From 2005 to 2007, Mairson has served as the Chair of the Faculty Senate at Brandeis.  He is currently an Associate Editor of the journal Logical Methods in Computer Science and Information and Computation, and sits on the editorial board of Higher-Order and Symbolic Computation.

Mairson's contributions to the theory of programming languages include proving that type inference for the ML programming language, so-called Hindley–Milner type inference, is complete for exponential time and that parallel beta reduction is non-elementary.

Education 
Mairson received a B.A. in mathematics from Yale University in 1978 and a Ph.D. in computer science from Stanford University in 1984 under the supervision of Jeffrey Ullman.

External links
 Harry Mairson at Brandeis University
 Brandeis University Faculty Guide: Harry Mairson
 DBLP: Harry G. Mairson
 The Mathematics Genealogy Project - Harry Mairson

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Yale University alumni
Stanford University alumni
American computer scientists
Programming language researchers
Brandeis University faculty
Theoretical computer scientists
Martin Shaw: Aviators. Martin Shaw: Aviators is a six-part British television series produced by Twofour. It was first broadcast on Discovery Real Time in 2006.

Each episode of the series had a number of segments. Together, the segments gave us three key stories, which ran, more or less, in parallel.

Firstly, there is the story of the crash of actor Martin Shaw's, treasured Stearman biplane, G-BAVO, known as "Two-Six" and his project to get it flying again. The aeroplane, a Kaydet Stearman, was crashed on 1 August 2004 by another pilot after the aeroplane failed to climb. No one was injured. The air accident investigation branch released a report of the crash in PDF format on its website, but did not come to any definite conclusion as to the cause of the crash. Shaw states a new engine had been recently installed. He asked Blackbarn aviation to restore the plane. It is not an economically viable proposition, but he commented that it seemed to be the emotional and common sense thing to do.

Secondly, there is an outline of the history of flight from the earliest days of ballooning, through developments driven by war, to dreams of everyday travel into space.

Lastly, he gives us an insight into the world of the aviation fanatic. He took the opportunity to fly some of his all-time favourite aircraft. He took the controls of a Spitfire owned by Maurice Bayliss. At Cranfield Airport, he co-piloted an English Electric Lightning owned by Russell Carpenter. Although forbidden to take off, the jet did reach 150 mph in three seconds along the tarmac. He also compared notes with Wing Commander Ken Wallis, the nonagenarian builder and developer of the modern autogyro.

At the very end of the series, Shaw delights in the return of his Stearman to the skies above Norfolk. Following that first test flight, G-BAVO was grounded for several more months by aviation bureaucracy before finally receiving its new air safety certificate.

External links

Aviation News article

2006 British television series debuts
2007 British television series endings
2000s British television miniseries
Documentary television series about aviation
2000s British documentary television series
Television series by ITV Studios
British English-language television shows
HRB Systems. HRB Systems Inc., now part of Raytheon Intelligence and Information Systems, is a defense contractor located in State College, Pennsylvania.

History
This company was started by three scientists: Haller, Raymond, and Brown. Initially, the firm provided imagery support, then transitioned to signal analysis and processing. 

The company was acquired by Singer, and became known as HRB-Singer, one of the firms in the Singer Defense Systems Group, dealing with infrared reconnaissance techniques and equipments. It was physically located on the East side of Science Park Road, in State College.  

The company had a strong internal R&D effort which was quite successful. HRB-Singer provided signal processing equipment and expertise to the US Department of Defense and to international clients in Europe and Asia. 

In 1988, Singer sold off the Defense unit to corporate raider Paul Bilzerian, who sold each of the companies separately. HRB division was sold to Hadson Corporation for $137 million in cash and two million shares of Hadson common stock. Subsequently acquired by E-Systems, HRB was downsized to a considerable degree. 

The company was later acquired by Raytheon.

Nirmal Bose of the Pennsylvania State University is the HRB Professorship in Signal Processing in the Department of Electrical Engineering.

References 

Companies based in Centre County, Pennsylvania
Raytheon Company
Companies with year of establishment missing
Torrent Systems. Torrent Systems, originally named Applied Parallel Technologies (APT), was a parallel computing software company founded in 1993 by Edward Zyszkowski, with the first employee being Rob Utzschneider. Torrent received initial funding from the NIST Advanced Technology Program.

Products

The company's product was a parallel flow-based programming system called Orchestrate. The product enabled users to assemble a program using predefined components (called operators) connected by virtual datasets  in a manner similar to Unix pipelines. Here is a simple example:

generator
  -records 50
  -schema record (recNum:    int32;
                  firstName: string[max=20];
                  lastName:  string[max=30];)
  |
peek
  -name -all

This script contains two operators: the generator operator (which creates test data) and the peek operator, which displays the contents of the records it receives. The generator will create 50 records, each with three fields; the peek operator will display their contents.

Torrent was acquired by Ascential Software in late 2001 for about $46 million; Orchestrate became part of Ascential's DataStage data integration system, which became part of IBM's Information Server product when Ascential was acquired by IBM in mid-2005.  Torrent technology became the Parallel Engine in the Information Server architecture.

References

Defunct software companies of the United States
Ho Chi Minh City University of Architecture. Ho Chi Minh City University of Architecture (), is the flagship university in architecture, civil engineering, design education and research in Vietnam. In addition to architecture and civil/structural engineering, the university provides higher education in several relating disciplines including urban planning, infrastructural engineering, fine arts, fashion design and building interior design. Its main campus is located in District 3, Ho Chi Minh City in addition to two provincial campuses in Da Lat and Can Tho.

The university can trace its history back to the institution founded in 1924 as the Ecole des Beaux Art. After multiple times of relocation, reforms and closure due to war, the university received its current name in 1976 and has come under the management of the Ministry of Construction (Vietnam) since 2002.

During the past Ho Chi Minh City University of Architecture have trained over 1,100 technical personnel with Bachelor and PhD degrees; 35,000 architects, engineers, etc. Most of students were employed after graduating.

History
1924 - L'ecole des Beaux Arts de L'Indochichine (Indochina Art School) Vietnamese language: Trường Mỹ thuật Đông Dương was founded in Hanoi
1926 - Department of Architecture was first opened in the Ecole des Beaux Art
1944 - The school was relocated to Da Lat and renamed as Architectural School of Da Lat French Language: l'École supérieure d'architecture de Dalat
1948 - The Architecture School of Da Lat was merged into the Indochina University Université Indochinoise and renamed as College of Architecture
1950 - The school was relocated to Saigon and separated from L’École des Beaux-Arts de Paris
1976 - The school received its current name, Ho Chi Minh City University of Architecture

Facilities 
Ho Chi Minh City University of Architecture is located at the center of town. It has classical architecture from 1972.

Classrooms fully equipped with computers, projectors and wifi.
Information Technology classrooms with individual desktops for each student.
A library with all the books the students need for their studies.
A Self-studying and social area for students to relax in their free time.

Main campus at 196 Pasteur
The main campus of Ho Chi Minh City University of Architecture was built in 1972 and is still in use today. The design was originally a final year project of Trương Văn Long, at that time, a student under supervision of Professor Phạm Văn Thâng.

External collaborations
Collaborative programs the university is involved include:
Sandwich courses in industrial design and civil engineering with Australian Swinburne University of Technology
Sandwich post graduate course in urban planning with Asian Institute of Technology
Advanced urban design course, in collaboration with Katholieke Universiteit Leuven

References

External links
 Official Website

Universities in Ho Chi Minh City
Koumac Airport. Koumac Airport is an airport in Koumac, New Caledonia .

History
The airstrip was expanded during World War II in order to support a fleet of B-17 bombers by the 810th American aviation battalion, which was one of the first two all-black engineering battalions of the war. The airstrip was used as a base from which targets in the Solomon Islands were bombed.

An Air Loyauté flight was hit by a projectile while landing at Koumac in 2010.

In 2023, the airport was used as a base for practice by a joint operation called Exercise Croix du Sud 2023 involving the militaries of 19 nations to prepare for a possible situation in which evacuation of the area due to war or natural disaster is ever necessary.

Airlines and destinations

References

Airports in New Caledonia
BANG file. A BANG file (balanced and nested grid file) is a point access method which divides space into a nonperiodic grid. Each spatial dimension is divided by a linear hash. Cells may intersect and points may be distributed between them.

Alternative meaning
In some early ICL mainframe computers, a bang file was a temporary data storage file whose name began with a ! character (which is sometimes nicknamed "bang") and automatically deleted when the run or user session ended.

References

Computer files
Arrays
Lilienthal Normalsegelapparat. The Lilienthal Normalsegelapparat (German: "Normal soaring apparatus") is a glider designed by Otto Lilienthal in Germany in the late 19th century.  It is considered to be the first aeroplane to be serially  produced, examples being made between 1893 and 1896.

Nine examples are known to have been sold, the buyers including Nikolai Zhukovsky and William Randolph Hearst.  Three original "normal gliders" are preserved in museums in London, Moscow,  and Washington, and a fragment of one is preserved in Munich. A similar glider, the Sturmflügelapparat ("storm wing apparatus") is preserved in the Technisches Museum in Vienna.

Lilienthal's flights using this glider typically achieved a distance of  starting from the top of the launching mound  that he  had constructed. A bow frame or "Prellbügel" was used to reduce the impact in case of a crash. Later the Normalsegelapparat was developed into a biplane.

An authentic replica of the Normalsegelapparat made by the Otto Lilienthal Museum has been investigated by the German Aerospace Center in wind tunnel and flight tests. The results proved that the glider was stable in pitch and roll and can be flown safely at moderate altitudes.

Specifications (typical)

References

Bibliography

 Nitsch, Stephan. Vom Sprung zum Flug (From the jump to the flight). Berlin, Brandenburgisches Verlagshaus, 1991. . Modified second edition: Die Flugzeuge von Otto Lilienthal.  Technik – Dokumentation – Rekonstruktion. (The airplanes of Otto Lilienthal. Technique – Documentation – Reconstruction). Otto-Lilienthal-Museum Anklam, 2016. .

External links 
 Lilienthal Museum website
 The DLR Lilienthal glider project website

19th-century German experimental aircraft
Lilienthal aircraft
Glider aircraft
German inventions
Otto Lilienthal
1893 in transport
1893 in Germany
Vehicles introduced in 1893
Aircraft first flown in 1893
Monoplanes
Special Operations Assault Rifle. The Special Operations Assault Rifle (SOAR) is an assault rifle manufactured by FERFRANS and designed as an improvement of the M4 carbine.

Details
The SOAR is a selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO assault rifle firing from either a closed rotating bolt (direct impingement) for the standard SOAR model, or in a short-stroke piston rotating bolt for the SOAR-P variant.

It differs from the typical M4 due to FERFRANS' preference to better control on full-automatic mode. Among the features include a patented Delayed Sear Activation System that reduces its cyclic rate of fire in full-auto to just around 550 to 680 rpm, reducing muzzle climb and improving control-ability.  It also uses a heavy machine gun barrel for increased reliability in sustained firing, rifled in either 1:7 or 1:9 right-hand twist.

Variants
The SOAR is available in both the standard SOAR or the piston-driven SOAR-P.

Barrel length options for the SOAR are in 10.5", 11.5", 14.5", 16", 18", and 20" lengths.

Known upgrades are known as the 10.5 Mk2, 10.5 Mk2-2 and the 11 Mk2.

Users

: Philippine Army Special Operations Command, PNP Special Action Force, Lapu-Lapu City SWAT.
: Ferfrans SOAR SCW Variants currently being used by KOSTRAD Raider Infantry Battalion fitted with Trijicon MRO as its standard optical sights
: Limited use by Special Actions Unit of the Royal Malaysia Police
:  Limited use by Naval Special Warfare Command (Thailand) and Arintaraj 26
: Limited use with some SWAT teams
: Limited use by Military Marksman Demonstration Team.

References

External links
 Official Page 
 Defense Review

5.56×45mm NATO firearms
Carbines
Assault rifles of the United States
Firearms articles needing expert attention
ArmaLite AR-10 derivatives
AR-15 style rifles