omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Frank Soltis. Frank Gerald Soltis (born 1940), is an American computer scientist. He joined IBM Rochester in 1969, and is most well known for his contributions to the System/38 and IBM AS/400 architectures, in particular - the design of the single-level store used in those platforms, and the RS64 processor architecture. He retired from IBM in 2008 upon the merger of the System i and System p product lines into IBM Power Systems. Prior to his retirement, he held the title of Chief Scientist at IBM.

Career
In 1968, Soltis completed his PhD in electrical engineering from Iowa State University.  His PhD dissertation was titled "Automatic Allocation of Digital Computer Storage Resources for Time-sharing".

In November 1968, he took a position with IBM in Rochester, Minnesota. Soltis led the design of the "Amazon" instruction set architecture, an extended version of the 64-bit PowerPC architecture; the Amazon architecture is implemented by the RS64, POWER4, and POWER5 processors used in the IBM iSeries and pSeries computers.

In the 1990s and early 2000s, in addition to his IBM responsibilities, Soltis served as an adjunct professor of electrical engineering  at the University of Minnesota where he taught graduate courses on high performance computer design.

Soltis retired from IBM on December 31, 2008 after 40 years with the company.

In February 2009, Vision Solutions announced that Soltis had joined their Technology Advisory Board.

Soltis' By Design column appears in iPro Developer magazine.
His books include Inside the AS/400 and Fortress Rochester, The Inside Story of the IBM iSeries.

Books
Soltis, Frank G. (1997). Inside the AS/400, Duke Press. 
Soltis, Frank G. (2001). Fortress Rochester: the Inside Story of the IBM iSeries, NEWS/400 Books.

References

American computer scientists
IBM employees
Living people
1940 births
LPC. LPC may refer to:

Science and technology
 Linear predictive coding, a method used in audio signal processing and speech processing
 Leaf protein concentrate, a concentrated form of the proteins found in the leaves of plants
 Long period comet, a comet classification
 Lysophosphatidylcholine, chemical compounds
 Late positive component, a brain potential
  (Latin for coal tar solution)

Computing
 LPC (programming language), the programming language of LPMuds
 Local Procedure Call, in Microsoft's Windows NT operating systems
 Low Pin Count, a computer bus technology
 Lync Persistent Chat, a Microsoft Lync feature
 NXP LPC, a family of 32-bit microcontroller integrated circuits

Organizations
 Lahore Press Club, a press association in Pakistan
 Lambda Pi Chi, a U.S. sorority
 Las Piñas College, Philippines
 Liberal Party of Canada, a Canadian political party
 Li Po Chun United World College, a Hong Kong college
 Little People of Canada, for people of small stature
 London Philharmonic Choir, a British choir
 Lucky People Center, a Swedish electronic music collective
 Luethi-Peterson Camps, an international summer camp program
 New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission, the agency administering the city's Landmarks Preservation Law

Other uses
 Lompoc Airport (FAA LID), US
 Legal Practice Course, the vocational stage for becoming a solicitor in England and Wales
 Liable to become a Public Charge (LPC), in US immigration
 Longmont Potion Castle (born 1972), surrealist prank call artist
 Licensed professional counselor, a professional credential

See also
Data strobe encoding. Data strobe encoding (or D/S encoding) is an encoding scheme for transmitting data in digital circuits.
It uses two signal lines (e.g. wires in a cable or traces on a printed circuit board), Data and Strobe. These have the property that either Data or Strobe changes its logical value in one clock cycle, but never both. More precisely data is transmitted as-is and strobe changes its state if and only if data stays constant between two data bits.
This allows for easy clock recovery with a good jitter tolerance by XORing the two signal line values.

There is an equivalent way to specify the relationship between Data and Strobe.
For even-numbered Data bits, Strobe is the opposite of Data.
For  odd-numbered Data bits, Strobe is the same as Data.
From this definition it is more obvious that the XOR of Data and Strobe will yield a clock signal. Also, it specifies the simplest means of generating the Strobe signal for a given Data stream.

Data strobe encoding originated in IEEE 1355 Standard and is used on the signal lines in SpaceWire and the IEEE 1394 (also known as FireWire 400) system.

Gray code is another code that always changes one logical value, but never more than one.

References

Line codes
BSS. BSS may stand for:

Computing and telecommunications 
 .bss ("Block Started by Symbol"), in compilers and linkers
 Base station subsystem, in mobile telephone networks
 Basic Service Set, the basic building block of a wireless local area network (WLAN)
 Boeing Satellite Systems, see Boeing Satellite Development Center
 Blum–Shub–Smale machine, a model of computation
 Broadcasting Satellite Service, in television
 Business support system, components used by Telecom Service Providers

Entertainment 
 Best Selling Secrets, a sitcom
BSS 01, a dedicated first-generation home video game console
 Brain Salad Surgery, a 1973 Emerson, Lake & Palmer album
 Brave Saint Saturn, an American Christian rock band
 Broken Social Scene, a Canadian indie rock band
 Buraka Som Sistema, an electronic dance music project from Portugal
 Beyond Scared Straight, an A&E television series based on the 1978 film Scared Straight!
 British Strong Style, a professional wrestling group
 BSS, also known as Booseoksoon, a sub-unit of the K-pop group Seventeen
 BSS Jane Seymour, a video game

Media 
 Broadcasting System of San-in, Japan
 Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha, the official news agency of Bangladesh
 Budavári Schönherz Stúdió, an online television and radio station of BUTE

Medicine
 Bismuth subsalicylate, the active ingredient in several medications
 Bernard–Soulier syndrome, a bleeding disorder
 Bristol stool scale, a medical aid designed to classify the form of human faeces
 Balanced salt solution
 British Sleep Society, a charity that represents sleep health and sleep medicine

Organizations 
 Bevara Sverige Svenskt, a Swedish racist movement
 Biciklisticki Savez Srbije, the cycling federation of Serbia
 Botanical Society of Scotland, the national learning society for botanists of Scotland
 Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha, the news agency of Bangladesh

Schools 
 Bayridge Secondary School, Canada
 Bayview Secondary School, Canada
 Beaconhouse School System, Pakistan
 Bishop Strachan School, Canada
 Blessed Sacrament School (disambiguation)
 Bramalea Secondary School, Canada
 Brighton Secondary School, Australia
 Bombay Scottish School, Mahim, India

Other uses
Bally Sports South, American regional sports network owned and operated by Bally Sports
 British Supersport Championship
 Bachelor of Social Science, an  academic degree in social science awarded by a university
 Bang senseless, a gene of Drosophila melanogaster
 Basic Surgical Skills, a mandatory 3-day practical course provided by the Royal College of Surgeons for all trainee surgeons in the UK and Ireland
 Baudhayana Shrauta Sutra, a Hindu text
 Blind signal separation, a method for the separation of a set of signals in math and statistics
 Blue Shirts Society, a Chinese ultranationalist clique and secret police or para-military force in the Republic of China between 1931 and 1938
 Broad Street railway station (England)
 Broad Street Subway, alternative name for the Broad Street Line, a rapid transit line in Philadelphia 
 BSS Industrial, a British group of companies in the engineering sector
PDC. PDC may refer to:

In science and technology

Chemistry, biology and medicine 
 Phosducin, a human protein and gene in the retina
 Pyridinium dichromate (Cornforth reagent), a chromium-based oxidant
 Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, an enzyme complex
 Plasmacytoid dendritic cell

Computing 
 Peripheral DMA controller
 Personal decompression computer, for scuba divers
 Personal Digital Cellular, a Japanese 2G mobile phone standard
 Primary Domain Controller
 Professional Developers Conference, by Microsoft
 Programme Delivery Control, a teletext standard

Other uses in science and technology 

 Power distribution center, electrical equipment 
 Pulsed DC, type of electric current 
 Pyroclastic density current or pyroclastic flow of a volcano

Politics and government 
 Centrist Democratic Party (Rwanda)
 Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland
 Partido Demócrata Cristiano (disambiguation), several parties in Central & South America
 Christian Democratic Party (Brazil) (Partido Democrata Cristão)
 Catalan European Democratic Party
 Portland Development Commission, later Prosper Portland, Oregon, US
 Washington State Public Disclosure Commission, US
 Former Constitutional Democratic Party, Italy
 Parlementair Documentatie Centrum (Parliamentary Documentation Centre), (Netherlands), an institute that documents Dutch parliamentary history

Organizations 
 PDC (gang), later rap group, London, UK
 Pacific Disaster Center, disaster preparedness institute based in Hawaii
 Partisan Defense Committee, a Trotskyist legal defense organization
 Phi Delta Chi, pharmaceutical fraternity at the University of Michigan 
 Philosophy Documentation Center, a publisher
 Producers Distributing Corporation, 1920s US film company
 Professional Darts Corporation, operates darts competitions
 Publications Distribution Cooperative

Other uses
 Pennsylvania Dutch language (ISO 639-3 language code)
 Pocket Dream Console, a game console
 Permaculture Design Certificate course on sustainable systems by Geoff Lawton
AXP. AXP may refer to:

Alpha AXP, later known as DEC Alpha, a 64-bit instruction set architecture developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC)
Anomalous X-ray pulsar
American Express, whose NYSE ticker symbol is "AXP"
Alexandra Parade railway station, United Kingdom, whose National Rail code is "AXP"
Alpha Chi Rho, a fraternity whose Greek letters resemble "ΑΧΡ"
Automotive X Prize
The Atheist Experience
Athlon XP, an AMD processor
Architectural Experience Program
Aerial Xpress, a pro wrestling tag team of Scorpio Sky and Quicksilver
Spring Point Airport, whose IATA airport code is "AXP"
ISAAC (cipher). ISAAC (indirection, shift, accumulate, add, and count) is a cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator and a stream cipher designed by Robert J. Jenkins Jr. in 1993. The reference implementation source code was dedicated to the public domain.

"I developed (...) tests to break a generator, and I developed the generator to pass the tests. The generator is ISAAC."

Operation 

The ISAAC algorithm has similarities with RC4. It uses an array of 256 four-octet integers as the internal state, writing the results to another 256 four-octet integer array, from which they are read one at a time until empty, at which point they are recomputed. The computation consists of altering i-element with (i⊕128)-element, two elements of the state array found by indirection, an accumulator, and a counter, for all values of i from 0 to 255. Since it only takes about 19 32-bit operations for each 32-bit output word, it is very fast on 32-bit computers.

Cryptanalysis 

Cryptanalysis has been undertaken by Marina Pudovkina (2001). Her attack can recover the initial state with a complexity that is approximated to be less than the time needed for searching through the square root of all possible initial states. In practice this means that the attack needs  instead of . This result has had no practical impact on the security of ISAAC.

In 2006 Jean-Philippe Aumasson discovered several sets of weak states. The fourth presented (and smallest) set of weak states leads to a highly biased output for the first round of ISAAC and allows the derivation of the internal state, similar to a weakness in RC4. It is not clear if an attacker can tell from just the output whether the generator is in one of these weak states or not. He also shows that a previous attack is flawed, since the Paul-Preneel attack is based on an erroneous algorithm rather than the real ISAAC.
An improved version of ISAAC is proposed, called ISAAC+.

Usage outside cryptography 

Many implementations of ISAAC are so fast that they can compete with other high speed PRNGs, even with those designed primarily for speed not for security. Only a few other generators of such high quality and speed exist in usage.
ISAAC is used in the Unix tool shred to securely overwrite data.
Also ISAAC algorithm is implemented in Java Apache Commons Math library.

References

External links 
 Official ISAAC website
 Multiple ISAAC implementations at Rosetta Code
  Pascal/Delphi port
 Math::Random::ISAAC, a Perl module implementation of the algorithm
 isaac.js, a JavaScript implementation

Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generators
Stream ciphers
Public-domain software with source code
Strela. Strela (, arrow) may refer to:

Russian/Soviet technology

Anti-aircraft missiles
 9K31 Strela-1, a.k.a. SA-9 Gaskin
 9K32 Strela-2, a.k.a. SA-7 Grail
 9K34 Strela-3, a.k.a. SA-14 Gremlin
 9K35 Strela-10, a.k.a. SA-13 Gopher

Other
 Strela (crane), a class of Russian-built cargo cranes used on the Mir and the International Space Station
 Strela (rocket), a Soviet/Russian carrier rocket
 Strela (satellite), a Russian communications satellite constellation
 Strela computer, the first mainframe computer manufactured serially in the Soviet Union

Places
Strela (mountain), in Switzerland
Střela, a river in the Czech Republic
Klikawa (river), also called Střela, a river in Poland and the Czech Republic

Other uses
Strela (beer), a Cape Verdean beer
Strela candy, a confectionery in the Commonwealth of Independent States
Lingotto. Lingotto is a building complex on Via Nizza in Turin, Italy. It once housed a car factory built by Italian automotive company Fiat and today houses the administrative headquarters of the manufacturer and a multipurpose centre projected by architect Renzo Piano.

History 

Construction of the complex started in 1916 and it was inaugurated in 1923. The design by the young architect Giacomo Matté-Trucco, was unusual in that it had five floors, with raw materials going in at the ground floor, and cars built on a line that went up through the building. Finished cars emerged at rooftop level to go onto the 1.5km long test track. The construction was carried out by the company of G A Porcheddu.  It was the largest car factory in the world at that time. For its time, the Lingotto building was avant-garde, influential and impressive—Le Corbusier called it "one of the most impressive sights in industry", and "a guideline for town planning". 80 different models of car were produced there in its lifetime, including the Fiat Topolino of 1936.

By the late 1970s, the factory had become obsolete — having been superseded by the larger and more advanced Fiat Mirafiori factory — and a decision was made to finally close it in 1982. The closure of the plant led to much public debate about its future, and how to recover from industrial decline in general. An architectural competition was held, which was eventually awarded to Renzo Piano, who envisioned an exciting public space for the city. The old factory was restored into a modern complex, with concert halls, theatre, a convention centre, shopping arcades and a hotel. The eastern portion of the building is the headquarters of the Automotive Engineering faculty of the Polytechnic University of Turin. The work was completed in 1989. The track was retained, and can still be visited today on the top floor of the shopping mall and hotel.

Similar rooftop tests tracks exist, including; at Impéria in Nessonvaux in Belgium, and Palacio Chrysler in Buenos Aires, Argentina. From 1928 to 1958, Impéria had a track over 1 km long which was built partially on top of the factory.

In popular culture

The Lingotto building is featured extensively in the Alberto Lattuada film Mafioso (1962).

The original Lingotto rooftop test track features briefly in the getaway sequence in the film The Italian Job (1969).

The building is also featured in the fourth episode of the 20th season of The Amazing Race, originally aired in the United States on March 11, 2012.

The building and test track was featured on the first episode of James May's Cars of the People.

References

External links

 Photos of Oval Lingotto
 Great Buildings Entry
 Google Earth view of Lingotto
 About the project of Lingotto Exhibition Center

Lingotto Building
Fiat Group factories
Motor vehicle assembly plants in Italy
Network utility. Network utilities are software utilities designed to analyze and configure various aspects of computer networks. The majority of them originated on Unix systems, but several later ports to other operating systems exist.

The most common tools (found on most operating systems) include:
 , ping a host to check connectivity (reports packet loss and latency, uses ICMP).
  shows the series of successive systems a packet goes through en route to its destination on a network.  It works by sending packets with sequential TTLs which generate ICMP TTL-exceeded messages from the hosts the packet passes through.
 , used to query a DNS server for DNS data (deprecated on Unix systems in favour of  and ;  the preferred tool on Microsoft Windows systems).
 vnStat, useful command to monitor network traffic from the console. vnstat allows to keep the traffic information in a log system to be analyzed by third party tools.

Other network utilities include:
 , displays  network connections (both incoming and outgoing), routing tables, and a number of network interface and network protocol statistics. It is used for finding problems in the network and to determine the amount of traffic on the network as a performance measurement.
 , which sprays numerous packets in the direction of a host and reports results
  allows local or remote configuration of network devices, Microsoft Windows

Some usages of network configuration tools also serve to display and diagnose networks, for example:
  (on Linux)
  (on Unix)
  (on Windows)
  can display an IP routing table

Main network utilities

List of the most useful network commands

References

Network performance
Utility software types

Further reading
 Optimal Iterative Method for Network Utility Maximization with Intertemporal Constraints
 Utility and governmental services
 Responsive Webdesign (in German)
The Spirit of Butts' Farm. The Spirit of Butts' Farm (also known as TAM 5) was the first model aircraft to cross the Atlantic Ocean on August 11, 2003. The aircraft was launched from Cape Spear () near St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, and landed at Mannin Beach () near Clifden, Ireland 38.9 hours later. It was recognized by the FAI as a double world record flight for its duration of 38h 52 min 19 sec and straight-line distance of  using an autopilot, and using the Argos System for telemetry to track the flight's progress; the team's use of technology also spurred the FAI to create new record categories. The aircraft was controlled by autopilot for >99% of the flight in a manner similar to that used by the Insitu Aerosonde UAV "Laima" that crossed the Atlantic in 1998. The flight used 99.2% of its fuel and left only  (or 44 minutes of flight time) remaining when it reached its destination.

The aircraft was built by a team led by Maynard Hill, a retired metallurgist. Hill had previously set 25 model airplane records and was inducted into the Model Aviation Hall of Fame in 1977. The Spirit of Butts' Farm was the 25th of 28 airframes the team had built in the attempt to cross the Atlantic; the five best models were selected for actual transatlantic flight attempts. The 25th airframe was the fifth selected for the record attempt and was redesignated TAM-5. Later, describing his reaction to learning that the flight had been successful, Hill said, "I just grabbed my wife, hugged her and cried like a baby."

The aircraft was named after R. Beecher Butts, an aviation enthusiast who allowed the use of his farm for testing of the aircraft. The name echoes that of the Spirit of St. Louis, the aircraft used by Charles Lindbergh in his transatlantic flight. The aircraft is on display at the National Model Aviation Museum. A backup plane for the transatlantic effort is in the collection of the National Air and Space Museum.

An article on the flight can be found in the October 2003 edition of Model Aviation Canada magazine.

The Society for Technical Aeromodel Research (S.T.A.R.) was organized to help support the costs of the project.

References

External links
 Official page with FAQs
 Popular Science article "World Records: The Mylar Miracle

Radio-controlled aircraft
Aviation records
Lov Grover. Lov Kumar Grover (born 1961) is an Indian-American computer scientist. He is the originator of the Grover database search algorithm used in quantum computing.  Grover's 1996 algorithm won renown as the second major algorithm proposed for quantum computing (after Shor's 1994 algorithm), and in 2017 was finally implemented in a scalable physical quantum system.  Grover's algorithm has been the subject of numerous popular science articles.

Life 
Lov Kumar Grover was born in Meerut, India in 1961.
Grover received his bachelor's degree from the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi in 1981 and his PhD in Electrical engineering from Stanford University in 1985. In 1984, he went to Bell Laboratories.  He worked as a visiting professor at Cornell University from 1987 to 1994. He retired in 2008 becoming an independent researcher.

Publications
 Grover L.K.: A fast quantum mechanical algorithm for database search, Proceedings, 28th Annual ACM Symposium on the Theory of Computing, (May 1996) p. 212
 Grover L.K.: From Schrödinger's equation to quantum search algorithm, American Journal of Physics, 69(7): 769–777, 2001. Pedagogical review of the algorithm and its history.
 Grover L.K.: Quantum Computing: How the weird logic of the subatomic world could make it possible for machines to calculate millions of times faster than they do today The Sciences, July/August 1999, pp. 24–30.
 What's a Quantum Phone Book?, Lov Grover, Lucent Technologies

References

Living people
Theoretical computer scientists
Indian computer scientists
American computer scientists
Scientists at Bell Labs
1961 births
IIT Delhi alumni
Quantum information scientists
Indian emigrants to the United States