omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
TSX-5. TSX-5 (Tri-Service-Experiments mission 5, COSPAR 2000-030A, SATCAT 26374) is an $85 million satellite successfully launched into orbit on June 7, 2000, from Vandenberg Air Force Base on a Pegasus XL rocket.

TSX-5 hosts two Department of Defense (DOD) payloads, STRV-2 (the Space Test Research Vehicle-2), sponsored by the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization, and CEASE (the Compact Environmental Anomaly Sensor), sponsored by the Air Force's Phillips Geophysics Laboratory. TSX-5 is managed by the Space Technology Program (STP) at the Space and Missiles Centre, Test and Evaluation (SMC/TELS) at Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico.

References

 https://web.archive.org/web/20070927183303/http://www.aero.org/publications/crosslink/summer2001/04.html 
 https://web.archive.org/web/20061111103443/http://www.spaceandtech.com/digest/flash-articles/flash2000-030.shtml 
 https://web.archive.org/web/20061111115152/http://www.spaceandtech.com/spacedata/logs/2000/2000-030a_tsx-5_sumpub.shtml 
 Spaceflight Now - Pegasus Launch Report - The TSX-5 satellite, June 6, 2000

Satellites orbiting Earth
Spacecraft launched in 2000
Electromagnetic testing. Electromagnetic testing (ET), as a form of nondestructive testing, is the process of inducing electric currents or magnetic fields or both inside a test object and observing the electromagnetic response. If the test is set up properly, a defect inside the test object creates a measurable response.

The term "electromagnetic testing" is often intended to mean simply eddy-current testing (ECT). However, with an expanding number of electromagnetic and magnetic test methods, "electromagnetic testing" is more often used to mean the whole class of electromagnetic test methods, of which eddy-current testing is just one. also useful for the testing of drill pipes.

Common methods
Eddy-current testing (ECT) is used to detect near-surface cracks and corrosion in metallic objects such as tubes and aircraft fuselage and structures. ECT is more commonly applied to nonferromagnetic materials, since in ferromagnetic materials the depth of penetration is relatively small.
Remote field testing (RFT) is used for nondestructive testing (NDT) of steel tubes and pipes.
Magnetic flux leakage testing (MFL) is also used for nondestructive testing (NDT) of steel tubes and pipes. At present RFT is more commonly used in small diameter tubes and MFL in larger diameter pipes over long travel distances.
Wire rope testing is MFL applied to steel cables, to detect broken strands of wire.
Magnetic particle inspection (MT or MPI) is a form of MFL where small magnetic particles in the form of a powder or liquid are sprayed on the magnetized steel test object and gather at surface-breaking cracks.
Alternating current field measurement (ACFM) is similar to eddy current applied to steel. Its most common application is to detect and size cracks in welds. from the company that developed it.
Pulsed eddy current enables the detection of large-volume metal loss in steel objects from a considerable stand-off, allowing steel pipes to be tested without removing insulation.

See also
Electromagnetic compatibility

References

Hugo L. Libby, Introduction to Electromagnetic Nondestructive Test Methods, New York : Wiley-Interscience, 1971.
The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, NDT Handbook, 3rd ed., Vol. 5, Electromagnetic Testing.
William Lord, "Electromagnetic NDT Techniques — A 40 Year Retrospective or Retirement for Cause" in Materials Evaluation, June 2006, p. 547 to 550.
Nondestructive testing
Reyan. Reyan is a vehicle manufacturing company is based in Tehran, Iran. It was established in 1995 to produce cars under license from Daewoo. It produced the Daewoo Cielo between 1996 and 2004 and the Daewoo Matiz from 2000 to 2004. In 2005, it became a partner of Hyundai, and now manufacture the Hyundai Avante and Hyundai Verna.

Motor vehicle manufacturers of Iran
Manufacturing companies based in Tehran
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1995
Morattab. Morattab is an SUV manufacturer based in Tehran, Iran. Since 1962, the company has produced versions of the Series Land Rover under license in Iran. .

After the 1979 Iranian revolution they built unlicensed clones that differ significantly from the final Series III built by Land Rover in the United Kingdom.

In 2003, they launched the production of the Ssangyong Musso.

History
The Morattab Industrial Manufacturing Company was founded in 1957 – it was named: Sherkat Sahami Am Sanaati Towlidi Morattab (the Morattab Industrial Com.) – initially as an agent and distributor of commercial vehicles and trucks, before branching into the manufacture of Land-Rovers under licence from Rover of England in 1962.

The company was nationalised without compensation to its founders and rightful owners during the 1979 Iranian Revolution.

Following the 1979 Islamic Revolution, the Company ownership was transferred to the State, and IDRO (Industrial Development and Renovation Organization of Iran) took control of the company as the Government industrial arm, and as such, the Company underwent a change in the management (expropriation).

The Government, through Industrial Development and Renovation Organization of Iran (IDRO), was retaining a 33 percent share of the company until March 2000.

External links
 Archived page
 Official page

Car manufacturers of Iran
Manufacturing companies based in Tehran
Instabus. Instabus, is a decentralized open system to manage and control electrical devices within a facility. It is developed by Berker, Gira, Jung, Merten and Siemens AG. There are about 200 companies of electrical supplies using this communication protocol. The European Installation Bus (EIB) allows all electrical components to be interconnected through an electrical bus. Every component is able to send commands to other components, no matter where they are. A typical EIB network is made of electrical components such as switches, pulsers, electric motors, electrovalves, contactors, and sensors.

This electrical bus is made of a 2x2x0,8mm twisted pair cable, that connects all devices within the network. The theoretical maximum number of components is 57375.

EIB system was developed to increase power savings, security, comfort and flexibility.

System control 
Although the EIB is a decentralized system and doesn't need any electric switchboard or control console, it's possible to implement a PC based monitoring system to check device status and to send manual or pre-programmed commands to one or more components of the network.

Convergence with other standards 
The Konnex KNX (standard) was developed as a result of the convergence between EIB, BCi and EHSA.

External links 
The Konnex Standard
Le Bus EIB - Le standard KNX (fr)
Mise en oeuvre du Bus EIB/KNX (fr)

Building automation
Home automation
Computer buses
Whistler House Museum of Art. The Whistler House Museum of Art is the birthplace of painter and etcher James McNeill Whistler.  It is located at 243 Worthen Street, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA, and is open as a museum displaying works from the museum collection and shows by artist members.

History of the house
The house was built in 1823 by the Locks and Canals Company for their manager.  Paul Moody, master mechanic and inventor, was the first resident of the house.  Upon becoming Chief Engineer in 1834, George Washington Whistler lived in the house with his wife, Anna Matilda McNeill Whistler.  Their son James Whistler was born in 1834 there.  James B. Francis took over as chief engineer and moved into the house in 1837 when G.W. Whistler moved to Russia. James Francis married Sarah, and they raised their six children here.

In 1907 the home was purchased by the Lowell Art Association, Inc., and opened in 1908 as a museum.

Permanent exhibit
The first floor and second floor hall and bedrooms now house the WHMA's Permanent collection, including one room dedicated to the etchings of James McNeil Whistler.  The top floor is a working artist studio.  In the rear of the home is the Parker Gallery, where new exhibits are shown. The museum is open everyday from 11:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.

David Dalhoff Neal oil on canvas
Thomas B. Lawson Hanging Grapes oil on canvas

See also
 List of historic houses in Massachusetts

References

External links
 

Houses completed in 1823
Art museums and galleries in Massachusetts
Biographical museums in Massachusetts
Museums in Lowell, Massachusetts
Historic house museums in Massachusetts
Houses in Lowell, Massachusetts
Museums devoted to one artist
IsoBuster. IsoBuster is a data recovery computer program by Smart Projects, a Belgian company founded in 1995 by Peter Van Hove. As of version 3.0, it can recover data from damaged file systems or physically damaged disks including optical discs, hard disk drives, USB flash drives and solid-state disks. It has the ability to access "deleted" data on multisession optical discs, and allows users to access disc images (including ISO, BIN and NRG) and to extract files in the same way that they would from a ZIP archive. IsoBuster is also often used by law enforcement and data forensics experts.

See also 
 List of data recovery software

References

External links
 
 Story by the author of IsoBuster, how it all began

Windows-only shareware
Data recovery software
Archimedes (CAD). Archimedes – "The Open CAD" – (also called Arquimedes) is a computer-aided design (CAD) program developed with direct input from architects and architecture firms. The program was made to create software more compatible with architectural design than the currently widely used AutoCAD, and other available CAD softwares. The program is free software released under the Eclipse Public License.

Features
 Basic drawing 
 Lines, Polylines, Arcs and Circles.
 Editable Text
 Explore
 Offset
 Advanced CAD functions
 Trimming
 Filleting
 Area measurement
 Miscellaneous
 Autosave
 SVG export
 PDF export
 English, Portuguese, and Italian language support

Integration with other CAD systems
Archimedes uses its own XML-based open format, which resembles SVG. It does not yet include support for other CAD formats, but DXF support is planned.

Development
Archimedes is written in Java, and the latest version runs on Windows, Mac OS X, Linux/Unix based systems, and might run on platforms that are supported by LWJGL and a Java Virtual machine on version 1.5.0 or later.

History
The Archimedes Project started as a collaboration between a group of programmers and architecture students at the University of São Paulo, Brazil, in 2005.  The project is currently being developed as free and open-source software. There is a team of students from the University working on it as collaborators, and everyone is free to contribute with plugins and/or patches.

Timeline
 Archimedes was registered as a SourceForge.net project on July 12, 2005.
 The last stable pre-RCP version was 0.16.0, released on October 25, 2000.

 The first stable version after the RCP migration was 0.50.0, released on April 25, 2007.

Migration to Eclipse RCP in version 0.5x
A migration to the Eclipse Rich Client Platform in versions 0.5x vastly improved the user interface model and stability, but some functionalities from the last pre-RCP version are still under transfer. Version 0.58.0 aims to move this process a step closer by adding trimming, leader, svg and pdf exporting.

External links
 Archimedes Home Page
 Archimedes on SourceForge.net
 Hugo Corbucci's Blog (Archimedes Project Lead)
 Github Repository

References

Computer-aided design software for Linux
Free computer-aided design software
Free software programmed in Java (programming language)
German submarine U-768. German submarine U-768 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

Under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Johann Buttjer she was commissioned on 14 October 1943, and was sunk in a collision with  on 20 November 1943.

Design
German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-768 had a displacement of  when at the surface and  while submerged. She had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of  for use while surfaced, two Garbe, Lahmeyer & Co. RP 137/c double-acting electric motors producing a total of  for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two  propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to .

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of  and a maximum submerged speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate for  at ; when surfaced, she could travel  at . U-768 was fitted with five  torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one  SK C/35 naval gun, (220 rounds), one  Flak M42 and two twin  C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.

References

Bibliography

External links

World War II submarines of Germany
German Type VIIC submarines
1943 ships
Ships built in Wilhelmshaven
U-boats sunk in collisions
U-boats sunk in 1943
U-boats commissioned in 1943
World War II shipwrecks in the Baltic Sea
Maritime incidents in November 1943
Willow Biomass Project. The Willow Biomass Project is a collaborative effort by members of the Salix Consortium to grow willow and other sustainable woody crops in upstate New York. The project, funded through the U.S. Department of Energy's Biomass Power for Rural Development Program, seeks to commercialize willow bioenergy crops as a renewable source of biofuel. To date, the project has planted willow on at least  of privately leased land and  of farmer-contracted land.

Willow
Willow was chosen for the project for several reasons. It provides a similar amount of energy per ton as other hardwoods, but can be cultivated every few years at relatively low cost. It propagates very easily from cuttings, has a quick growth cycle, and tends to regrow following harvest. SUNY-ESF estimates that it can be harvested six to seven times before it needs to be replanted.

Salix Consortium
The Salix Consortium was an association of 20 New York universities and corporations, including Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, NYS Energy Research and Development Authority, Cornell University's Departments of Biological and Agricultural Engineering and Ornithology, Antares Group, Inc. and others.

See also
Coppicing

References

External links 
 "Willowpedia: A Resource for Shrub Willow Bioenergy Crops," Cornell University

Sustainable agriculture
Biofuel in the United States
Environment of New York (state)
State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry
Cornell University
Salix
Renewable energy in the United States
Krauser Domani. The Krauser Domani is a motorcycle based, three-wheeled vehicle developed by Michael Krauser and powered by BMW, built for sale in Japan and Europe. The vehicle looks like a motorcycle with a sidecar attached, however unlike the former, the "sidecar" of the Domani is structurally an integral part of the frame. In Japan, a motorcycle license is not required to drive it, a normal car license is sufficient.

Body & chassis

The Domani is built around a torsionally rigid tubular steel frame with structurally integrated sidecar unit. As mentioned above, the sidecar portion of the vehicle is an integral part of the frame. One of the advantages of this is that the frame is torsionally stiffer than that of a regular sidecar equipped motorcycle. Also, the suspension and layout for the two rear wheels can now be more car-like. The unique frame also allows for aerodynamic fibreglass bodywork that would not be possible in a traditional set-up. This in turn allows for some unique packaging of the components, for example the radiator is mounted in the sidecar where it is better exposed to airflow. The aerodynamic skin also allows for the inclusion of a small luggage compartment in the back.

Engine
The Domani is powered by a BMW K 1200 engine producing 150 hp and connected to a five-speed gearbox. The engine, coupled with the Domani's light curb weight (390 kg), is enough to power the vehicle to a factory specified maximum of over 200 km/h.

Suspension
The Domani utilizes three wheel independent suspension with double-wishbones at the rear and dual rocker arms at the front. These are connected to 185/60 - R14 tyres at the front and in the sidecar and 195/60 - R15 tyred at the rear.

In popular culture
The Domani is featured in Kōsuke Fujishima's manga Oh My Goddess! as the vehicle of choice for the character Chihiro Fujimi.

See also
 BMW K1200GT
 BMW K1200R
 BMW K1200RS
 GG Duetto
 List of motorized trikes

References

External links 
 

Tricycle motorcycles
Hydrophilic-lipophilic balance. The hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) of a surfactant is a measure of its degree of hydrophilicity or lipophilicity, determined by calculating percentages of molecular weights for the hydrophilic and lipophilic portions of the surfactant molecule, as described by Griffin in 1949 and 1954. Other methods have been suggested, notably in 1957 by Davies.

Griffin's method
Griffin's method for non-ionic surfactants as described in 1954 works as follows:

where  is the molecular mass of the hydrophilic portion of the molecule, and M is the molecular mass of the whole molecule, giving a result on a scale of 0 to 20.
An HLB value of 0 corresponds to a completely lipophilic/hydrophobic molecule, and a value of 20 corresponds to a completely hydrophilic/lipophobic molecule.

The HLB value can be used to predict the surfactant properties of a molecule:
 < 10 : Lipid-soluble (water-insoluble)
 > 10 : Water-soluble (lipid-insoluble)
 1 to 3: anti-foaming agent
 3 to 6: W/O (water in oil) emulsifier
 7 to 9: wetting and spreading agent
 13 to 16: detergent
 8 to 16: O/W (oil in water) emulsifier
 16 to 18: solubiliser or hydrotrope

Davies' method 

In 1957, Davies suggested a method based on calculating a value based on the chemical groups of the molecule. The advantage of this method is that it takes into account the effect of stronger and weaker hydrophilic groups.  The method works as follows:

where:

 - Number of hydrophilic groups in the molecule

 - Value of the th hydrophilic groups (see tables)

  - Number of lipophilic groups in the molecule

References

Surfactants
New Zealand DSJ class locomotive. The New Zealand DSJ class is a class of diesel-electric shunting locomotive used on the New Zealand rail network. The class has a very similar overall design to the DSG class, but is instead single-engined, has a cab that is offset from the centre and is both shorter and lighter than its twin-engined counterpart.

Introduction 

The first DSJ was assembled in Japan by Toshiba Heavy Industries in 1983 and arrived in New Zealand in 1984. Toshiba are the same company who built the EO class electric locomotives. The remaining four were assembled at the former Addington Workshops in Christchurch, and entered service from 1984 to 1985.

With only five members in this class, it represents one of the smallest contingents of shunt locomotives in current use.

In service 
The locomotives have spent most of their time in use at the Te Rapa Marshalling Yard and Picton, and have ventured elsewhere on the network from time to time, including Ahuriri in Napier.

Accidents 

On the afternoon of 1 September 2021, DSJ4004 and a wagon went off the end of the rail ferry linkspan at Picton and into the harbour. The wagon and locomotive were retrieved from the harbour on 2 and 3 September 2021 respectively. No one was injured during the incident. Due to the cost of repairing the flooded locomotive, DSJ4004 was written off and became a parts donor for the remainder of the fleet.

References

Further reading 

 

Diesel–electric locomotives of New Zealand
3 ft 6 in gauge locomotives of New Zealand
Railway locomotives introduced in 1984
TRNSYS. TRNSYS is a simulation program primarily used in the fields of renewable energy engineering and building simulation for passive as well as active solar design. TRNSYS is a commercial software package developed at the University of Wisconsin. 

One of its original applications was to perform dynamic simulation of the behaviour of a solar hot water system for a typical meteorological year so that the long-term cost savings of such a system could be ascertained. 

It has been used in a plethora of scientific and technical publications for system simulations of various renewable and conventional energy sources.

References

External links

Solar architecture
Dual modular redundancy. In reliability engineering, dual modular redundancy (DMR) is when components of a system are duplicated, providing redundancy in case one should fail. It is particularly applied to systems where the duplicated components work in parallel, particularly in fault-tolerant computer systems. A typical example is a complex computer system which has duplicated nodes, so that should one node fail, another is ready to carry on its work.

DMR provides robustness to the failure of one component, and error detection in case instruments or computers that should give the same result give different results, but does not provide error correction, as which component is correct and which is malfunctioning cannot be automatically determined. There is an old adage to this effect, stating: "Never go to sea with two chronometers; take one or three." Meaning, if two chronometers contradict, a sailor may not know which one is reading correctly.

A lockstep fault-tolerant machine uses replicated elements operating in parallel. At any time, all the replications of each element should be in the same state. The same inputs are provided to each replication, and the same outputs are expected. The outputs of the replications are compared using a voting circuit. A machine with two replications of each element is termed dual modular redundant (DMR). The voting circuit can then only detect a mismatch and recovery relies on other methods.  Examples include 1ESS switch.

A machine with three replications of each element is termed triple modular redundant (TMR). The voting circuit can determine which replication is in error when a two-to-one vote is observed. In this case, the voting circuit can output the correct result, and discard the erroneous version. After this, the internal state of the erroneous replication is assumed to be different from that of the other two, and the voting circuit can switch to a DMR mode. This model can be applied to any larger number of replications.

See also
Hot spare

References

Engineering concepts
Reliability engineering
Safety
Fault-tolerant computer systems
Error detection and correction
Jim Ellis (computing). James Tice Ellis (May 6, 1956June 28, 2001) was an American computer scientist best known as the co-creator of Usenet, along with Tom Truscott.

Ellis was born in Nashville, Tennessee to Henry Ellis (an auditor and teacher) and Elsa Ellis. James Ellis grew up in Orlando, Florida. Before developing Usenet, Ellis attended Duke University. After graduating, Ellis worked for the Microelectronics Center of North Carolina in Research Triangle Park, N.C. He later worked as an Internet security consultant for Sun Microsystems. He was also Manager of Technical Development at CERT. He came up with the word Usenet.

Ellis and Truscott were awarded the 1995 USENIX Lifetime Achievement Award.

Personal life and death
Ellis and his wife, Carolyn, had two children.

He died of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, a form of blood cancer, at his home in Harmony, Pennsylvania on June 28, 2001. He was 45.

References

External links
Usenet creator Jim Ellis dies, Associated Press, on USAToday.com, June 29, 2001, retrieved on December 22, 2006.
Second Annual EFF Pioneer Awards

1956 births
2001 deaths
Scientists from Nashville, Tennessee
Duke University alumni
American computer scientists
Usenet people
Deaths from non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Deaths from lymphoma in the United States
Deaths from cancer in Pennsylvania