omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Bölkow Bo 207. The Bölkow Bo 207 was a four-seat light aircraft built in West Germany in the early 1960s, a development of the Klemm Kl 107 built during World War II.

Design and development
The Bo 207 is a wood construction, single-engined, cantilever low-wing cabin monoplane with a conventional landing gear with a tail wheel. The aircraft is powered by a Lycoming O-360 four-cylinder, direct-drive, horizontally opposed, air-cooled, piston engine.

Bölkow had built the two and three-seat Kl 107 and developed a four-seat variant, at first designated the Kl 107D. The low-wing cabin monoplane had a re-designed cockpit and canopy and a larger tail. The two prototype Kl 107Ds were built at Nabern and the first flew on 10 October 1960. With the change of name of the company to Bolkow and the move to new factory at Laupheim production of the new variant was started at the new factory. In May 1961 the design was re-designated the Bolkow F.207 but by July 1961 it was re-designated again as the Bolkow BO 207.

The first of 90 production aircraft built at Laupheim was flown on 24 May 1961 and production continued until 1963. A number of aircraft remained unsold and the last aircraft although built in 1963 did not fly until 1 April 1966. One aircraft was built with tricycle landing gear, and designated BO 217B or sometimes known as the BO 214 but it was fitted with a conventional landing gear before it was sold.

Variants
Kl 107D
Two prototypes later re-designated F.207 and then BO 207. V-1 prototype modified as the BO 207T.
BO 207
Production aircraft, 90 built.
BO 207B
One 207 temporary modified with a tricycle landing gear, also known as the BO 214.
BO 207T
Prototype V-1 modified as a trainer with reduced weight.

Specifications (Bo 207)

See also

References

 
 

1960s German civil utility aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Bo 207
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1960
Jamal al Barzinji. Jamal al Barzinji () (December 15, 1939 – September 26, 2015) was an Iraqi-American businessman, entrepreneur and educational reformer. 

He was a founding member of the International Institute of Islamic Thought, the World Assembly of Muslim Youth, and the SAAR Foundation. He was a founder and served on the board of the Islamic Society of North America and is a past president of the Muslim Students' Association.

Background
Born in Iraq, he had a PhD. and MSc. in Chemical Engineering, with a minor in Management, from Louisiana State University in 1974 and a BSc. in Chemical Engineering & Fuel Technology from the University of Sheffield, England, in 1962.

Dr. Barzinji was a dean at International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). As President of the International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT), he worked with various universities to endow chairs of Islamic Studies and programs of interfaith understanding, such as the ones at Georgetown University, Harvard University, George Mason University, Nazareth College, Huron University College and Hartford Seminary.

Barzinji died on September 26, 2015, after a long illness.

Posthumous honors
On September 25, 2011, Barzinji was awarded a lifetime achievement award by the Arab community of northern Virginia at an event attended by Virginia governor Tim Kaine.

He was awarded a posthumous Honorary Doctor of Divinity at Hartford Seminary in 2016.

The Barzinji Institute for Global Virtual Learning was established in his memory at Shenandoah University.

References

External links
 Virginia Public Access Project – Political Donations – Barzinji, Jamal M

American businesspeople
1939 births
2015 deaths
Iraqi Muslim activists
American Muslim activists
American people of Kurdish descent
New York Central Tugboat 13. New York Central Railroad Tugboat 13 was a railway tugboat built in 1887 in Camden, New Jersey by John H. Dialogue and Son. The tugboat was built for the New York Central Railroad to push barges, called car floats, carrying railroad cars and other freight across the waterways of New York Harbor.

It originally had a steam engine of , replaced with two General Motors 6-110 diesel engines in the 1950s.  The engines sat back-to-back and drove a central Falk gearbox, which turned the single propeller.

The hull was riveted and made of wrought iron.

After 2002, the tugboat underwent extensive renovation at Garpo Marine in Tottenville, Staten Island. Two new keel coolers from Fernstrum were installed in a recessed box in the hull to cool the engines.

Efforts to restore the ship seemingly failed in the intervening years, and it was scrapped in 2017.

Other vessels built by John H. Dialogue and Son
  at the San Francisco Maritime Museum, hull number 204801. 
Susan Elizabeth (1886) launched as C. C. Clark and briefly served as New York Central No. 3.  This boat was broken up in the fall of 2008 in the same yard in Tottenville, Staten Island, New York where Tugboat 13 was being restored.
Elise Anne Connors (1881)

Photos

See also

References

External links
 
 

New York Central Railroad
Tugboats of the United States
1887 ships
Ships built by Dialogue & Company
Paul Douglas Tougaw. Paul Douglas ("Doug") Tougaw (born July 3, 1969), is a full professor in and chair of the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Valparaiso University.  He received his B.S. in electrical engineering from the Rose-Hulmann Institute of Technology and his M.S. and Ph.D. in electrical engineering from the University of Notre Dame in 1995.  In 2005, Tougaw earned an MBA from Valparaiso University's College of Business Administration.  His main area of research interest is in the field of Quantum Cellular Automata (QCA). He was awarded the "Best Regional Paper" award at the 2007 Conference of the American Society of Engineering Educators.  He was also runner-up for the USA National IEEE Young Engineer award.

Doug Tougaw's contribution to the field has focused on the building of medium-scale integration components such as full-adders from basic QCA gates as well as fault-tolerance studies of QCA wires.

Presently, Doug Tougaw is the Richardson Professor 
 and member of the department of electrical and computer engineering at Valparaiso University.

Recent work with Quantum cellular automata (QCA) devices 
Recently, Dr. Tougaw has developed a Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) device having normal QCA cells laid out in a planar structure, having a set of input lines and a set of orthogonal output lines. The device has clocking regions that control the flow of binary signals through the device. The input columns are driven by a separate input signal, and all the cells of each column align to match their input signal. These input columns then serve as drivers for output rows that act as serial shift registers under the control of clock signals applied to sub-sections of the rows. In this way, a copy of the contents of each of the input signals propagates along each of the output rows to an output cell. The output cells of each output row may be assigned their own, latching clock signal.

Notes

Living people
Valparaiso University faculty
Valparaiso University alumni
University of Notre Dame alumni
1969 births
Clive Boughton. Clive Boughton (born 4 August 1956) is an Australian computer science professor residing in Canberra, in the Australian Capital Territory. He is a senior lecturer in the Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology at the Australian National University. He is the managing director of Software Improvements Pty Ltd.

Professional career
Before completing his BSc Boughton undertook both research (at ARRB Group Ltd.) and industrial practice (at USL as Lab Manager) concerning the physical properties of soils. He published a paper on the soil compacting properties of rollers for road-making. Boughton obtained his BSc (applied physics) from RMIT University in Melbourne in 1976.

After completing his BSc he became a professional officer at the department of physics at Monash University in Melbourne where did research into the specific heat of superconducting alloys. He published a research paper on the Fe(3-x)Mn(x)Si category of superconducting compounds/alloys as a result of his work at Monash.

Boughton began his PhD at Australian National University in 1981 and began studying gaseous dynamics. He obtained his PhD in molecular physics in 1988.

Further afield
Boughton left the university environment to take a senior software engineering position at C3 in 1984. He worked at several other companies, including his own, before accepting a Visiting Fellow position in the Department of Computer Science at Australian National University in 1995,
eventually becoming a full-time member of the department in 2000.

Boughton was a contributor to the establishment of the BS Eng degree program within Department of Computer Science/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology.

He was involved in eVACS (Electronic voting and counting), a computer system that provides for electronic voting and electronic counting for ACT Legislative Assembly elections. It provides for counting according to the Hare-Clark electoral system rules set out in the Electoral Act 1992. He was involved in requirements identification and design.

See also
Executable UML

References

External links
 "eVACS" https://web.archive.org/web/20070708225404/http://www.elections.act.gov.au/EVACS.html 
 http://conferences.oreillynet.com/cs/os2004/view/e_sess/5512 "Presentation of Election Software", 30 July 2001, Oreillynet.com. Retrieved 10 July 2007.
 http://crpit.com/confpapers/CRPITV30Flint.pdf Paper on Executable/Translatable UML in computing education
 https://web.archive.org/web/20070908200638/http://www.crpit.com/confpapers/CRPITV15Boughton.pdf Paper "Beginning to Define a Body of Knowledge for Safety Practitioners"

Academic staff of the Australian National University
1956 births
Living people
Slash rating. The slash rating, under the United States National Electrical Code, is given to circuit interrupt hardware and specifies a maximum line-to-ground voltage rating in combination with a maximum line-to-line voltage rating.  One common application would be for a three-phase electrical loads.  For example a 120/240 V rating can disqualify a circuit breaker for use with a delta system load that would otherwise work with a wye system load.

References
 Code Basics: Electrical Construction & Maintenance, Feb 1, 2004, by Mike Holt, NEC Consultant;
 Overcurrent Protection and the NEC

Electrical safety
Bubble Fiction: Boom or Bust. is a 2007 Japanese science fiction comedy film directed by Yasuo Baba available with English sub-titles. The plot centers on traveling in time from 2006 to 1990 and in the process compares some everyday things between 1990 and 2007 (e.g. cell phones) in a humorous way.

Plot
When inventor Mariko Tanaka (Hiroko Yakushimaru), who works for Hitachi appliances, accidentally re-engineers a washing machine for time travel, the Japanese government then convinces her to go back in time to prevent the passage of a fictitious law that would prevent the usage of real estate as collateral for loans, which was a major cause of the bursting of the Japanese asset price bubble. However, when contact is lost after she goes back in time, the government then sends Isao Shimokawaji (Hiroshi Abe), who works for the Finance Ministry's Emergency Response Bureau to convince Mariko's estranged daughter Mayumi (Ryōko Hirosue), to go back in time to investigate (other ministry officials tried to use the time machine but all they ended up with were faded socks).

Some knowledge of such things as the presence of electronic turnstiles in the Tokyo subway is helpful with some sight-gags.

The film is also notable for the cameo appearances of celebrities who rose to prominence in Japan in the early 90s, including actresses Ai Iijima and Naoko Iijima, announcer Akiko Yagi, and soccer star Ruy Ramos.  Each actor portrays a younger version of themselves.

References

External links

Entry in The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction

2007 science fiction films
2007 films
2007 comedy films
2000s Japanese-language films
Films set in 2006
Films set in 1990
Japanese science fiction comedy films
2000s science fiction comedy films
2000s films about time travel
2000s Japanese films
Rae Assist. Rae Assist was a software developed and distributed by Rae Technology from 1993 to 1995. Rae Assist (or shortly "Assist") was one of the first Personal Information Managers (PIM) and available for Apple Macintosh.

Origin

At the core of Rae Assist was a technology that a group of Apple employees had developed under the direction of Samir Arora. The so-called SOLO (Structure of Linked Objects) architecture was an object-oriented application framework, which could work with a variety of databases, including 4th Dimension and SQL databases, as well as communication-based services like e-mail. 

After Samir Arora co-founded Rae Technology along with Dave Dell'Aquila and Dave Kleinberg in 1992 as a spin-off from Apple Computer, the first release of Rae Assist was due in 1993.

Release history

Rae Assist 1.0 and 1.02

In 1993 Rae Assist 1.0 was released, followed shortly by release 1.0.2 at the beginning of the year 1994.

Rae Assist 1.0.2 combined several functions in one program and automatically linked contact and company information. The usage of 5 MB disk space and a minimum of 2.5 MB RAM were seen as cons at the time. A review in MacWorld found Rae Assist "innovative" but "too slow".

Rae Assist 1.0.2 came with combined contact management, scheduling, and note taking. It used the 4th Dimension database engine and was targeted at PowerBook users. It had a list price of US$199.

Rae Assist 1.5

With the release of Rae Assist 1.5 in 1995 Rae Technology addressed performance issues and improved some features.

Rae Assist 2.0

Rae Assist 2.0 was scheduled to be released in the 4th quarter of 1995. It was rewritten in PowerMac  code and "smaller and faster, coming in under 1.5 MB with a launch time of 3 seconds". Colour, windows resizing and floating palettes were also introduced. 

Also in 1995 and as a cooperation with CE Software Rae Technology had started an application called DayAssist to integrate Assist into QuickMail.

NetObjects Fusion

Rae Assist 2.0 was the last release and Rae Technology was soon to close its doors as a software vendor. The Personal Information Manager market was emerging yet small with competitors  like Symantec and Lotus.

Samir Arora, his brother Sal Arora and David Kleinberg, who ran Rae Technology, saw the World Wide Web on the rise. Together with Clement Mok they founded NetObjects, Inc. in 1995 to market one of the first web site building tools, NetObjects Fusion, which also should rely on the SOLO framework.

References 

Personal information managers
Classic Mac OS software
Scheutjens–Fleer theory. Scheutjens–Fleer theory is a lattice-based self-consistent field theory that is the basis for many computational analyses of polymer adsorption.

References 
 Polymers at Interfaces by G.J. Fleer, M.A. Cohen Stuart, J.M.H.M. Scheutjens, T. Cosgrove, B. Vincent. 

Polymer chemistry
Solutions
Thermodynamics
Statistical mechanics
Consolidation (geology). In geology, consolidation is used in several senses:

 Lithification, the overall process of conversion of loose sediments to solid rock.
 Any other process in which loose or fluid material becomes solid rock, such as solidification of magma.
 Compaction (geology), the decrease in volume and increase in density of sediments as the weight of overlying sediments increases, mineral grains move to more compact arrangements, and pore water is expelled. The term is particularly used for soil consolidation.
 Rarely, as a term for the conversion of a mobile belt to a rigid part of a continental platform; an orogeny.

References

Geological processes
Sedimentary rocks
Transistor array. Transistor arrays consist of two or more transistors on a common substrate. Unlike more highly integrated circuits, the transistors can be used individually like discrete transistors. That is, the transistors in the array are not connected to each other to implement a specific function. Transistor arrays can consist of bipolar junction transistors or field-effect transistors. There are three main motivations for combining several transistors on one chip and in one package:
 to ensure closely matching parameters between the transistors (which is almost guaranteed when the transistors on one chip are manufactured simultaneously and subject to identical manufacturing process variations)
 to ensure a closely matching thermal drift of parameters between the transistors (which is achieved by having the transistors on a common substrate, and in extremely close proximity)
 to save circuit board space and to reduce board production cost (only one component needs to be populated instead of several)

The matching parameters and thermal drift are crucial for various analogue circuits such as differential amplifiers, current mirrors, and log amplifiers.

The reduction in circuit board area is particularly significant for digital circuits where several switching transistors are combined in one package. Often the transistors here are Darlington pairs with a common emitter and flyback diodes, e.g. ULN2003A. While this stretches the above definition of a transistor array somewhat, the term is still commonly applied.

A peculiarity of transistor arrays is that the substrate is often available as a separate pin (labelled substrate, bulk, or ground). Care is required when connecting the substrate in order to maintain isolation between the transistors in the array as p–n junction isolation is usually used. For instance, for an array of NPN transistors, the substrate must be connected to the most negative voltage in the circuit.

References

Integrated circuits
Advanced Space Propulsion Investigation Committee. Advanced Space Propulsion Investigation Committee (ASPIC) was a research group of specialists, including Yoshinari Minami and Takaaki Musha, which was organized under the Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences in 1994. Its purpose was to study various non-chemical space propulsion systems instead of the conventional rocket for the use of space missions to near-Earth, the Moon, and the outer solar system, including plasma propulsion, laser propulsion, nuclear propulsion, solar sail and field propulsion systems  which utilize a strain on space, zero-point energy in a vacuum, electro-gravitic effect, non-Newtonian gravitic effect predicted by Einstein's general theory of relativity, and the terrestrial magnetism. The research report was published by the Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences in March 1996.

Notes

Space organizations
1994 establishments in Japan
Scientific organizations established in 1994
ATSTEP. ATSTEP is a Gaussian puff model for diagnosis and prognosis of the atmospheric dispersion, deposition, gamma radiation and doses of released radioactivity in case of accidents in nuclear power plants or during transport, and from dirty bombs.

It was developed by Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe (now Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT), one of the largest national research centers in Germany, and is designed for running in the RODOS (Real-time On-line DecisiOn Support) system for nuclear emergency management. RODOS is operational at the German Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS), and test operational in many other European countries.

See also

Bibliography of atmospheric dispersion modeling
Air pollution dispersion terminology
Atmospheric dispersion modeling
List of atmospheric dispersion models

Further reading
For those who are unfamiliar with air pollution dispersion modelling and would like to learn more about the subject, it is suggested that either one of the following books be read:

 www.crcpress.com
 

Atmospheric dispersion modeling
Short Rangoon. The Short S.8/8 Rangoon was a 1930s British three-engined biplane flying boat, designed and built by Short Brothers for the Royal Air Force.

Background
In 1929, the Royal Air Force needed urgent replacements of the Supermarine Southampton IIs then operated by No. 203 Squadron RAF based at Basra, Iraq. The Air Ministry issued Specification S.18/29 to specifically cover the procurement of a military variant of the Short S.8 Calcutta, similar to the S.8/2 Calcutta then being designed in collaboration with Breguet for Aviation Navale (French Naval Aviation). The new RAF version had Shorts designation S.8/8 and RAF designation Rangoon, and three examples were initially ordered.

Design and development
The Rangoon was a straightforward military adaption of the Calcutta. The main structure was assembled from duralumin formers, spars, ribs and stringers; the fuselage was skinned with duralumin, and the flying surfaces were partly skinned and partly fabric-covered. The major changes were the provision of an enclosed cockpit for the pilots, rest bunks, enlarged fuel tanks in the upper wing, three Lewis guns (one mounted forward of the cockpit, and two in the fuselage behind the wings), underwing bomb racks, and a large fresh water tank (for intended use in tropical conditions).

Operational history

On 24 September 1930, the first Rangoon (S1433) was flown from the River Medway at Rochester by Shorts' Chief Test Pilot, John Lankester Parker. In early 1931, the first three Rangoons were delivered to the RAF for training at Felixstowe, then in April 1931 they were flown in formation to No. 203 Squadron RAF at Basra. They were used for surveying and anti-smuggling patrols over Iraq and the Persian Gulf. Over the following three years, three more Rangoons (built to a higher specification R.19/31) were delivered to No. 203 Squadron at Basra, where they served without problem until 1935, when they were replaced by Short Singapore IIIs.

In September and October 1934, three Rangoons of No. 203 Squadron visited Australia as part of the celebrations of the centenary of the state of Victoria and of the centenary of Melbourne.

In August 1935, five Rangoons were transferred to No. 210 Squadron RAF at Pembroke Dock. In September 1935, they were temporarily deployed to Gibraltar during the Abyssinia Crisis, and all were retired from service at the end of 1935. Meanwhile, the first Rangoon (S1433) was stripped of military equipment by Shorts at Rochester, registered G-AEIM, then used by Air Pilots Training Ltd for training crews of Imperial Airways at Hamble, until it was retired in late 1938.

Operators

Royal Air Force
No. 203 Squadron RAF
No. 210 Squadron RAF
Air Pilots Training Ltd

Dai-Nippon Teikoku Kaigun Koukuu-tai (Kawanishi H3K variant)

Specifications (S.8/8 Rangoon)

See also

Notes

Bibliography

External links

 Sea-Plane Launching Apparatus: Film of a Short S.8/8 Rangoon demonstrated to the press at RAF Felixstowe.

1930s British patrol aircraft
Flying boats
Rangoon
Trimotors
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1930