omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Parnall Peto. The Parnall Peto was a small seaplane designed to the British Air Ministry's specification 16/24 in the early 1920s for use as a submarine-carried reconnaissance aircraft.

Design and development
Two examples were designed and built by George Parnall and Company and were given serial numbers N181 and N182.  The first prototype, N181, crashed at Gibraltar and was rebuilt as N255 before being lost with the submarine HMS M2 when her hangar flooded. The Peto was one of the most challenging design projects that the Parnall company undertook, because of the very small hangar in which the aircraft had to fit.

Of mixed wood, fabric, aluminium and steel construction, it had unequal span, Warren-braced folding rectangular wings.  The first aircraft, N181, was powered by a 128 hp Bristol Lucifer engine and had mahogany plywood "Consuta" type floats. Performance was generally satisfactory but following crash damage, improvements were made and the machine was rebuilt with new wings, metal floats and a 169 hp Armstrong Siddeley Mongoose engine. Tests both on the sea and in the air showed that designer, Harold Bolas, had met the requirements and it was officially judged to be exceptionally good.

The aircraft was launched using a compressed air catapult mounted on the forward casing of the submarine and recovered using a crane.

With the loss of M2, the Royal Navy abandoned submarine-launched aircraft, although most other navies also experimented with the concept in the interwar years.

Aircraft
The two aircraft built were:

N181
Prototype which was wrecked at Gibraltar on 11 February 1930 and rebuilt as N255 with improved floats and lost with HMS M2.

N182
Which crashed 29 June 1930 at Stokes Bay. It was acquired by F.C.H. Allen and prepared for civil use at Ford aerodrome in Sussex between 1933 and 1934. Issued with civilian Registration G-ACOJ  but the project was abandoned.

Specifications

See also

Notes

References

External links

Flight 1929 archive pictures
Flight 1929
Parnall Peto – British Aircraft Directory
Gulls of War, October 1931 article Popular Mechanics

1920s British military reconnaissance aircraft
Floatplanes
Peto
Submarine-borne aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1925
Iron-on. Iron-on transfers are images that can be imprinted on fabric.  They are frequently used to print onto T-shirts.

On one side is paper, and on the other is the image that will be transferred in reverse. The image is printed with iron-on transfer inks.  After placing the iron-on transfer on the fabric and pressing with an iron or a heat press, the image is transferred to the fabric. 

There are two primary types of iron-on transfer inks: plastisol-type and sublimation-type. Plastisol-type inks are thick with a lacquer base. Transfers made with plastisol-type inks will result in a flexible image on the fabric with a feel similar to rubber. Sublimation-type inks use dyelike pigments that can be transferred to polyester and nylon fabrics. Transfers made with sublimation-type inks literally transfer the pigments to the fabric and the pigments bond permanently to the fabric fibers.

Commercial quality heat transfer paper used in a heat press will yield much better results in terms of 'hand' (how the print feels on  the fabric) and durability than store bought papers or transfers applied with a home iron.

The advantages of commercial heat transfer over screenprinting are that it is relatively cheap and easy to create one-off, full color designs.  Also, when compared with dye sublimation techniques, heat transfers can be used on 100% cotton garments, whereas dye sublimation requires at least a 50/50 poly cotton garment.

Iron-on transfer paper is available for use with computer printers. A number of inkjet, copier and laser printer toners have been developed to utilize this process.

Fabric 
Iron-on fabric has a glue backing that melts into another fabric when it is applied with heat.  It is used to patch torn clothes or to reinforce fabric in places subject to extreme wear. An alternative to iron-on adhesive is dryer heat activated adhesive.

Labels 
There are primarily two types of iron-on labels: a form of material tape; and a form of vinyl similar to that used on graphic t-shirts. With the vinyl type the objective is to effectively melt the label onto the cloth so the label and garment become one, hence a permanent bond. The application of a label typically takes about 10–15 seconds for the label to become one with the garment and then a few minutes to cool.

Applique 
Iron-on appliques are decorative embroidery items with a melt-glue backing.

Culture 
Fijian artist Joana Monolagi uses iron-on fabrics in her traditional barkcloth weaving.

References

Technical fabrics
Printing terminology
Graphics
Fashion accessories
Software Peter principle. The Software Peter principle is used in software engineering to describe a dying project which has become too complex to be understood even by its own developers.

It is well known in the industry as a silent killer of projects, but by the time the symptoms arise it is often too late to do anything about it.  Good managers can avoid this disaster by establishing clear coding practices where unnecessarily complicated code and design is avoided.

The name is used in the book C++ FAQs (see below), and is derived from the Peter principle – a theory about incompetence in hierarchical organizations.

Causes

Loss of conceptual integrity

The conceptual integrity of software is a measure of how well it conforms to a single, simple set of design principles, according to The Mythical Man Month.  When done properly, it provides the most functionality using the simplest idioms. It makes software easier to use by making it simple to create and learn.

Conceptual integrity is achieved when the software’s design proceeds from a small number of agreeing individuals. For software to maintain conceptual integrity, the design must be controlled by a single, small group of people who understand the code (including the nature of how all the subroutines and variables interact) in depth.

In projects without a strong software architecture team, the task of design is often  combined with the task of implementation and is implicitly delegated among the individual software developers .  Under these circumstances, developers are less likely to sacrifice personal interests in favor of the interests of the product.  The complexity of the product grows as a result of developers adding new designs and altering earlier ones to reflect changes in fashion and individual taste.

Programmer incompetence

Good software developers understand the importance of communicating with people over communicating with the computer, according to Code Complete. Studies showed that programmers spends more than 50% of their time communicating with people, while the actual programming may only take up as little as 15% to 10%, depending on the level of seniority.

Maintenance programmers spend 50 to 60 percent of their time trying to understand the code they have to maintain and a software program will have, on average, 10 generations of maintenance programmers in its lifetime.

Programmer inexperience

Programmers sometimes make implementation choices that work but have unintended negative consequences.  The most common of these mistakes are cataloged and referred to as smells in the book Refactoring. Over time, many such implementation choices degrade the software’s design, making it increasingly difficult to understand.

See also
s

References

Literature
 

 
 
 
 
 
 

Adages
Software project management
SMV. SMV may refer to:

People
 Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya, Indian engineer, politician and Diwan of Mysore

In computer science
 Symbolic model verification
 SMV modelling language, used in model checking by the CMU SMV and NuSMV model checkers

Places
 Samedan Airport (Switzerland), IATA airport code SMV
 Santa Maria Valley, an American Viticultural Area in California
 TusPark (Shanghai), or "Shanghai Multimedia Valley" (SMV), or "Tsinghua University Science Park"

Medicine
 Superior mesenteric vein

Other uses
 Boeing X-40 Space Maneuver Vehicle
 Santa Maria Valley Railroad
 Selectable Mode Vocoder
 Slow moving vehicle, a sign used in the United States to warn of vehicles normally operating in traffic at speeds of 25 mph (40 km/h) or less
 SMV (band), a bass supergroup
 smokeview, companion software to the Fire Dynamics Simulator
 Standard Minute Value, a measure of labor costs in industrial engineering predetermined motion time systems
 Star of Military Valour
 Sexual Market Value, a colloquial expression for a person's sexual capital
Sake Meter Value, the English term for Nihonshu-do (日本酒度), a value that indicates the sugar content of a sake based on its relative density
Sony Music Video, the home video arm of Sony Music Entertainment
B7. B7, B.VII, B07 or B-7 may refer to:

Vehicles and transportation
 Alpina B7, a luxury sedan
 B7 (New York City bus), serving Brooklyn
 Bundesstraße 7, a German Bundesstraße (Federal Highway)
 Bavarian B VII, an 1868 German experimental locomotive
 DLR B07 stock, a passenger train on the Docklands Light Railway in London, UK
 NSB B7 (Class 7), Norwegian railway carriages
 HMS B7, a B-class submarine of the Royal Navy
 Blackburn B-7, a British aircraft
 Lohner B.VII, an aircraft
 Douglas Y1B-7, a bomber of the United States Army Air Corps
 UNI Airways (Taiwan) IATA airline designator
 Boeing 777
 Bensen B-7, a 1955 United States small rotor kite
 LNER Class B7, a class of British steam locomotives

Science
 B7 (protein), a protein in the immune system
 HLA-B7, an HLA-B serotype
 Vitamin B7, another name for biotin
 A subclass of B-class stars
 Boron-7 (B-7 or 7B), an isotope of boron

Maths and computing
 B7 the hexadecimal number equivalent to 183
 00B7 the Unicode for interpunct ()
 B7 ISO/IEC 8859-1 code and 00B7 Unicode for interpunct ()

Other
 B7, a diesel fuel containing 7% biodiesel
 B7, the second highest note on a piano, nearly two octaves above Soprano C
 B7, an international standard paper size (88×125 mm), defined in ISO 216
 B7 Baltic Islands Network, a cooperation between governments of seven islands in the Baltic Sea
 Blake's 7, a BBC science fiction television series first broadcast 1978–1981
 B7 (album), 2020 album by Brandy Norwood

See also
 7B (disambiguation)
B10. B10, B X or B-10 may refer to:

 Big Ten Conference
 B10 (1930s New York City bus) serving Brooklyn
 B10 road (Cyprus)
 B10 cell, a lymphocyte type
 B10 biodiesel blend: 10% biodiesel, 90% petrodiesel is labeled B10
 B-10 motorway (Spain), a ring motorway around Barcelona
 B-10 recoilless rifle, a rifle used by the Soviet Army
 Bavarian B X, an 1890 German locomotive model
 Bensen B-10, a 1958 American unconventional aircraft 
 Bundesstraße 10, a federal highway in Germany
 , a British B-class submarine
 Martin B-10, a US bomber
 B10 when relating to Functional Safety, the number of operations that a devices will operate prior to 10% of a sample of those devices would fail. B10d is the same calculation, but where 10% of the sample would fail to danger.
 10 amp, type B – a standard circuit breaker current rating
 Caro-Kann Defence, an Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings designation
 An international standard paper size, defined in ISO 216
 B-10 or H-10, a Boxer engine or horizontally opposed 10-cylinder internal combustion engine configuration
 Boron-10, a stable isotope of boron
 Alpina B10 Bi-Turbo, a high performance version of the BMW 5 series

See also
10B (disambiguation)
Lancia V6 engine. In 1950, Lancia introduced one of the world's first production V6 engines in the Lancia Aurelia. The engine was the work of Francesco De Virgilio and was developed to solve the vibration problems Lancia had experienced with its V4 engines. This was achieved by setting the vee angle to 60 degrees. It remained in production through 1970. Lancia used V6 engines in road and sports cars, the D20 had a 60 degree quad cam V6 2962 cc  engine and the D24 3300 cc V6 engine.

Aurelia

The first-generation Aurelia engines were produced from 1950 through 1967.

1800

The  1800 was the first V6. Bore and stroke was .

 1950 Lancia Aurelia

2000

The engine was expanded to  for 1951's B21 Aurelia. Bore and stroke was .

 1951-1952 Lancia Aurelia

2300

A  version was also produced.

2500

The largest of the original Aurelia engines was the  2500 introduced in 1953.  It was still undersquare at  bore and stroke.

 1953-1957 Lancia Aurelia

Flaminia

The engine's severe undersquare design was addressed for the 1957 Flaminia version. This lasted in production through 1970.

2500

The new engine displaced  from a much less undersquare  bore and stroke.

 1957-1970 Lancia Flaminia

2800

The final version was the  engine. Bore was now  and stroke remained at  as in the 2500.

 1957-1970 Lancia Flaminia

Later V6-engined Lancias

Later Lancias were powered by V6 engines designed by other manufacturers, with the Ferrari Dino V6 powering the Stratos, the PRV V6 powering early Themas, the Alfa Romeo Busso V6 powering later versions of the Thema, and versions of the Kappa and Thesis and the Chrysler Pentastar V6 in the badge-engineered 300C-based Thema.

Notes 

V6
Gasoline engines by model
Products introduced in 1950
V6 engines
Batar. The Batar () is an anti-tank missile developed by the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, the military wing of Palestinian militant group Hamas during the Al-Aqsa Intifada. The weapon was reportedly created and produced in clandestine workshops in the Gaza Strip under the direction of Adnan al-Ghoul until his killing by Israel. It was used for Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel.

The Batar consists of a simple launch tube supported by a tripod and firing a projectile of unknown anti-tank or anti-personnel capabilities. The rear of the rocket is connected to a wire, which allows Hamas militants to fire the projectile from a safe distance. However, the al-Batar has proved to be devastating against Israeli armor.

References 
 

Hamas
Anti-tank rockets of Palestine
Palestinian inventions
Homemade firearms
Insurgency weapons
Aigle (disambiguation). Aigle is a municipality of the canton of Vaud, Switzerland.

Aigle is a French word which means eagle and may also refer to:

In geography:
 L'Aigle, a commune in the département of Orne, France
 Aigle (district), a district of the canton of Vaud, Switzerland
 Aigle River (Doda Lake), Quebec, Canada
 Aigle River (Desert River tributary), Quebec, Canada

In engineering:
 Aigle (rocket), a French experimental rocket

In business:
 Aigle (company), a French clothing brand

Of people:
 Caroline Aigle, the first woman to become fighter pilot in the Armée de l'Air
 Aigle, a character in the video games Rumble Roses and Rumble Roses XX

Ships named Aigle:
 List of French ships named Aigle
 Aigle-class destroyer
Intercalation (chemistry). Intercalation is the reversible inclusion or insertion of a molecule (or ion) into layered materials with layered structures.  Examples are found in graphite and transition metal dichalcogenides.

Examples

Graphite
One famous intercalation host is graphite, which intercalates potassium as a guest. Intercalation expands the van der Waals gap between sheets, which requires energy. Usually this energy is supplied by charge transfer between the guest and the host solid, i.e., redox. Two potassium graphite compounds are KC8 and KC24. Carbon fluorides (e.g., (CF)x and (C4F)) are prepared by reaction of fluorine with graphitic carbon. The color is greyish, white, or yellow. The bond between the carbon and fluorine atoms is covalent, thus fluorine is not intercalated. Such materials have been considered as a cathode in various lithium batteries.

Treating graphite with strong acids in the presence of oxidizing agents causes the graphite to oxidise. Graphite bisulfate, [C24]+[HSO4]−, is prepared by this approach using sulfuric acid and a little nitric acid or chromic acid. The analogous graphite perchlorate can be made similarly by reaction with perchloric acid.

Lithium-ion batteries
One of the largest and most diverse uses of the intercalation process by the early 2020s is in lithium-ion electrochemical energy storage, in the batteries used in many handheld electronic devices, mobility devices, electric vehicles, and utility-scale battery electric storage stations.
 
By 2023, all commercial Li-ion cells use intercalation compounds as active materials, and most use them in both the cathode and anode within the battery physical structure. 

In 2012 three researchers, Goodenough, Yazami and Yoshino, received the 2012 IEEE Medal for Environmental and Safety Technologies for developing the intercalated lithium-ion battery and subsequently Goodenough, Whittingham, and Yoshino were awarded the 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for the development of lithium-ion batteries".

Exfoliation
An extreme case of intercalation is the complete separation of the layers of the material. This process is called exfoliation. Typically aggressive conditions are required involving highly polar solvents and aggressive reagents.

Related materials
In biochemistry, intercalation is the insertion of molecules between the bases of DNA. This process is used as a method for analyzing DNA and it is also the basis of certain kinds of poisoning.

Clathrates are chemical substances consisting of a lattice that traps or contains molecules.  Usually, clathrate compounds are polymeric and completely envelop the guest molecule.   Inclusion compounds are often molecules, whereas clathrates are typically polymeric.  Intercalation compounds are not 3-dimensional, unlike clathrate compounds. According to IUPAC, clathrates are "Inclusion compounds in which the guest molecule is in a cage formed by the host molecule or by a lattice of host molecules."

See also 

 Clathrate compound: where a molecule is included into a lattice
 Graphite intercalation compound
 Intercalation (biochemistry)
 Stacking (chemistry)
 Hydrogen embrittlement

Notes 

Supramolecular chemistry
C10. C10, C.X or C-10 may refer to:

Commercial products
 GMC C-10 or Chevrolet C-10, a pickup truck
 JNR Class C10, a class of Japanese steam locomotive
 Leapmotor C10, chinese mid-size SUV
 C10, a model of Nissan Skyline (1968–1972)
 C10, an international standard paper size (28×40 mm), defined in ISO 216

Military
 Albatros C.X, a World War I German military reconnaissance aircraft
 C-X, USAF next generation airlifter program to replace both the C-130 and C-17
 Fokker C.X, a 1933 Dutch biplane scout and light bomber
 Handley Page Jetstream aircraft designated C-10A by the United States military
 HMS C10, a United Kingdom Royal Navy submarine which saw service during World War I
 KC-10 Extender, an aerial refueler used by the United States Air Force
 Kawasaki C-X, a 2007 Japanese transport aircraft 
 USS Detroit (C-10), a United States Navy cruiser which operated in the Caribbean prior to World War I
 XC-10 Robin, used by the United States Army Air Corps to test radio-controlled flight

Science and technology
 Champernowne constant, a real yet irrational, non-algebraic, and transcendental number
 ATC code C10 (Lipid modifying agents), a subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System
 Chromosome 10, one of the 23 pairs of human chromosomes
 Caldwell 10 (NGC 663), an open cluster in Cassiopeia
 Carbon-10 (C-10 or 10C), an isotope of carbon
 LNER Class C10, a temporary classification for saturated C11s while superheating was underway

Other uses
 French Defence, Encyclopaedia of Chess openings code
 C10 Minimum Age (Agriculture) Convention, 1921
 Vlakplaas, also called Unit C-10, a section of the South African Police responsible for assassinating opponents of Apartheid during the 1980s
 Bill C-10 (disambiguation), the official numbering for several Canadian bills
 Committee of Ten, US Education Committee
 C10, This nomenclature was used by Chevrolet to distinguish their line of pickup trucks throughout the 1960s to the 1980s. The "C" in C10 stands for "Conventional" in reference to the truck's two-wheel-drive system, while the "10" refers to the half-ton rating of the truck's payload capacity.  The 1966 C10 deluxe in green with white two-tone paint  is widely considered the finest example of an American truck regardless of manufacture.

See also
 10C (disambiguation)
Mahadev Satyanarayanan. Mahadev "Satya" Satyanarayanan is an Indian experimental computer scientist, an ACM and IEEE fellow, and the Carnegie Group Professor of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU).

He is credited with many advances in edge computing, distributed systems, mobile computing, pervasive computing, and the Internet of Things. His research focus is on performance, scalability, availability, and trust challenges in computing systems from the cloud to the mobile edge.

His work on the Andrew File System (AFS) was recognized with the ACM Software System Award in 2016 and the ACM SIGOPS Hall of Fame Award in 2008 for its influence and impact. His work on disconnected operation in the Coda File System received the ACM SIGOPS Hall of Fame Award in 2015 and the inaugural ACM SIGMOBILE Test-of-Time Award in 2016.

Education 
He has a bachelor's and master's degree from the Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, in 1975 and 1977, and his Ph.D. in computer science from CMU in 1983.

Andrew File System 

Satya was a project lead for Coda. It also inspired the creation of Maginatics, a startup company advised by Satya that provides cloud-sourced network-attached storage for distributed environments. The NFS v4 network file system protocol standard has been extensively informed by the lessons of AFS.  In 2016, AFS was honored with the prestigious ACM Software System Award.

Coda File System 

In 1987, Satya began work on the Coda File System to address a fundamental shortcoming of AFS-like systems.

Odyssey: Application-aware Adaptation for Mobile Applications 

In the mid-1990s, Satya initiated the Odyssey project to explore how operating systems should be extended to support future mobile applications.

Aura: Cloud Offload for IoT 

In the late 1990s, Satya initiated the Aura Project in collaboration with CMU faculty colleagues David Garlan, Raj Reddy, Peter Steenkiste, Dan Siewiorek and Asim Smailagic.

References

External links
Mahadev Satyanarayanan's Home Page

Carnegie Mellon University alumni
Carnegie Mellon University faculty
2002 fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Fellows of the IEEE
Living people
1953 births
PaperWorks. PaperWorks was a computer program introduced by Xerox Corporation in 1992, which allowed a business traveler to communicate with his or her personal computer while away from the office.

PaperWorks could be used to send and retrieve documents between the fixed computer system and the business traveler, by using fax machines.  

The software created special machine-readable forms, similar to the type of forms used to score standardized tests.  (Related topic: OMR)

The user would then fax the form back to the central computer, commanding one of several tasks to be performed.  For example:
 the user could attach a document to the form which would be stored at the home office (for possible later processing), or 
 the user could request that a particular document, stored on the computer's hard drive, be sent to the user.
 the user could request that a particular document be distributed to other users, also by fax.

The underlying technology for PaperWorks, called "DataGlyphs", was developed at Xerox PARC.

External links
 Seybold Report on Desktop Publishing, May 1992
 'The Risks Digest', April 1992
 Xerox PARC Historical Timeline

Business software