omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Limit switch. In electrical engineering, a limit switch is a switch operated by the motion of a machine part or the presence of an object. A limit switch can be used for controlling machinery as part of a control system, as a safety interlock, or as a counter enumerating objects passing a point.

Uses 

Limit switches are used in a variety of applications and environments because of their ruggedness, ease of installation, and reliability of operation. They can determine the presence, passing, positioning, and end of travel of an object. They were first used to define the limit of travel of an object, hence the name "limit switch".

Standardized limit switches are industrial control components manufactured with a variety of operator types, including lever, roller plunger, and whisker type. Limit switches may be directly mechanically operated by the motion of the operating lever. A reed switch may be used to indicate proximity of a magnet mounted on some moving part. Proximity switches operate by the disturbance of an electromagnetic field, by capacitance, or by sensing a magnetic field.

Rarely, a final operating device such as a lamp or solenoid valve is directly controlled by the contacts of an industrial limit switch, but more typically the limit switch is wired through a control relay, a motor contactor control circuit, or as an input to a programmable logic controller.

Examples 

Miniature snap-action switches are components of devices like photocopiers, computer printers, convertible tops or microwave ovens to ensure internal components are in the correct position for operation and to prevent operation when access doors are opened. A set of adjustable limit switches installed on a garage door opener shut off the motor when the door has reached the fully raised or fully lowered position. A numerical control machine such as a lathe has limit switches to identify maximum limits for machine parts or to provide a known reference point for incremental motions.

References 

Safety switches
Sensors
Bernard Tan (composer). Bernard Tan Tiong Gie (born 1943 in Singapore) is a Singaporean musician, composer, physicist and engineer.

Early life and education
Tan was educated at the Anglo-Chinese School, Singapore, the University of Singapore (Bachelor of Science with Honours in Physics, 1965) and Oxford University (Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering Science, 1968). He is a Chartered Engineer and Member of the Institution of Electrical Engineers (UK), Fellow of the Institute of Physics (U.K), Fellow of the Institute of Physics, Singapore, and Fellow of Trinity College of Music, London.

Academic career

Tan joined the then University of Singapore (now the National University of Singapore) in 1968 as a lecturer in Physics and served first as Vice-Dean and then as Dean of Science of the Faculty of Science at NUS for 12 years from 1985 to 1997. He has also been Head of Physics, Acting Head of Music, and Associate Director of the Centre for Musical Activities and Dean of Students. Other appointments previously held by Tan are Chairman of the Centre for Remote Imaging, Sensing and Processing (CRISP) and the Singapore Synchrotron Light Source (SSLS).

Bernard Tan's current research interests are in microwave solid-state properties and devices, digital musical analysis and synthesis, and directional perception of multiple sound sources. He has published over 100 papers in international peer-reviewed journals.

Musical career

As a composer, U.S. music publisher Neil Kjos has published a number of his choral works, and his Piano Concerto was premiered in January 2002 by the Singapore Symphony Orchestra (SSO). In 2006, the SSO performed the world premier of his new Violin Concerto with violinist Lynnette Seah as soloist.

Other career
Tan also sits on the boards of , the Singapore Symphonia Company and CSA Holdings, and is Chairman of Keppel Credit Union. He is Chairman of the Singapore Arts Festival Steering Committee, the Singapore Youth Awards Science and Technology Advisory Committee and Cadi Scientific. He was also a former independent non-executive director of Keppel Corporation from 2003 to 2015.

Awards and honours 
Tan has been awarded the Public Administration Medal (Silver), the Public Service Medal, the Public Service Star and the Public Service Star (Bar).

References

External links
Bernard Tan Faculty Web Page
Composed Songs and Pieces

21st-century classical composers
Singaporean people of Chinese descent
Singaporean composers
Singaporean classical musicians
Anglo-Chinese School alumni
Fellows of the Institute of Physics
Academic staff of the National University of Singapore
1943 births
Living people
Singaporean engineers
Male classical composers
Recipients of the Pingat Pentadbiran Awam
Recipients of the Bintang Bakti Masyarakat
21st-century male musicians
Relational. Relational may refer to:

Business
 Relational capital, the value inherent in a company's relationships with its customers, vendors, and other important constituencies
 Relational contract, a contract whose effect is based upon a relationship of trust between the parties
 Relational goods, goods that cannot be enjoyed alone
 Relational Investors, an activist investment fund based in San Diego, California

Computing
 Relational calculus, part of the relational model for databases that provides a declarative way to specify database queries
 Relational database, a database that has a collection of tables of data items, all of which is formally described and organized according to the relational model
 Relational classification, the procedure of performing classification in relational databases
 Relational data mining, the data mining technique for relational databases
 Relational concept, a set of mathematically defined tuples in tuple relational calculus
 Relational model, a database model based on first-order predicate logic
 Relational operator, a programming language construct or operator that tests or defines some kind of relation between two entities

Linguistics
 Relational grammar, a syntactic theory which argues that primitive grammatical relations provide the ideal means to state syntactic rules in universal terms
 Relational noun, a class of words used in many languages
 Relational oppositeness, the relationship between two words which seem to be opposites but actually imply each other

Mathematics
 Relational algebra, an offshoot of first-order logic and of algebra of sets concerned with operations over finitary relations
 Relation (mathematics) such as binary relation, a collection of ordered pairs of elements of a set

Psychology
 Relational aggression or covert bullying, a type of aggression in which harm is caused through damage to one's relationships or social status
 Relational disorder, a disorder affecting a relationship rather than an individual in the relationship
 Relational psychoanalysis, a school of psychoanalysis in the United States that emphasizes the role of real and imagined relationships with others in mental disorder and psychotherapy

Other uses
 Relational art, a mode or tendency in fine art practice originally observed and highlighted by French art critic Nicolas Bourriaud
 Relational dialectics, a concept within communication theory
 Relational theory, a framework to understand reality or a physical system in such a way that the positions and other properties of objects are only meaningful relative to other objects

See also
 Relational schema (disambiguation)
Dihydrogen phosphate. Dihydrogen phosphate is an inorganic ion with the formula [H2PO4]−. Phosphates occur widely in natural systems.

These sodium phosphates are artificially used in food processing and packaging as emulsifying agents, neutralizing agents, surface-activating agents, and leavening agents providing humans with benefits. Emulsifying agents prevent separation of two ingredients in processed foods that would separate under natural conditions while neutralizing agents make processed foods taste fresher longer and lead to an increased shelf-life of these foods. Surface-activating agents prevent surface-tension formation on liquid-containing processed foods and finally, leavening agents are used in processed foods to aid in the expansion of yeast in baked goods.

Dihydrogen phosphate is employed in the production of pharmaceuticals furthering their importance to medical practitioners of gastroenterology and humans in general. In this medical discipline, sodium phosphates are used as natural laxatives. Other medical applications include using sodium and potassium phosphates along with other medications to increase their therapeutic effects. Inflammation, certain cancers, and ulcers can benefit from the use of combination therapy with sodium and potassium phosphates.

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the potassium salt, is useful to human in the form of pesticides. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate is a fungicide that is used to prevent powdery mildew on many fruits. Fruits that can benefit from the addition of potassium dihydrogen phosphate includes common fruits, peppers, and roses.

Structure
The dihydrogen phosphate anion consists of a central phosphorus atom surrounded by 2 equivalent oxygen atoms and 2 hydroxy groups in a tetrahedral arrangement. Dihydrogen phosphate can be identified as an anion, an ion with an overall negative charge, with dihydrogen phosphates being a negative 1 charge. Dihydrogen phosphate contains 4 H bond acceptors and 2 H bond donors, and has 0 rotatable bonds.

Acid-base equilibria
Dihydrogen phosphate is an intermediate in the multi-step conversion of the polyprotic phosphoric acid to phosphate:

This multistep conversion exemplifies that the dihydrogen phosphate ion is the conjugate base to phosphoric acid, while also acting as the conjugate acid to the phosphate ion. This means that dihydrogen phosphate can be both a hydrogen donor and acceptor.

Examples
 Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate ((NH4)(H2PO4))
 Monocalcium phosphate (Ca(H2PO4)2)

Safety
Many foods including milk, eggs, poultry, and nuts contain these sodium phosphates.

Notes

References

Anions
Phosphates
Balder (roller coaster). Balder is a wooden roller coaster at the Liseberg amusement park in Gothenburg, Sweden. It opened in 2003 and was an instant success.

Balder is very different from a traditional wooden roller coaster because it is a prefabricated wooden roller coaster. This means that instead of trackers cutting, shaping, and laying down the track on site by hand, the track is laser cut in a factory. This means that the track is manufactured to a higher degree of precision than could ever be achieved by hand. The track is also made so that it snaps together like Lego pieces. The track also is made of more layers of wood that are tightly bonded together instead of nailed together by hand like a traditional wooden roller coaster. This has three major benefits, two being to the park and the other being to the riders.

The "Plug and Play" aspect of the coaster speeds construction of the coaster since track does not have to be completely manufactured on site. In addition, because of the speed of construction, the costs of building the coaster are lowered due to less man-hours spent on the construction. The riders benefit from a coaster, that while being wooden, is near steel smooth. However, some roller coaster enthusiasts may find that aspect to take away from the ride since it would not have the same character as a traditional wooden roller coaster. Balder is praised by many roller coaster enthusiasts around the world, and is said to be one of the best roller coasters in Europe. Three other prefabricated wooden roller coasters currently exist, Colossos at Heide Park, El Toro at Six Flags Great Adventure, and T Express in Everland.

Awards

References

External links

Balder info on Liseberg home page 

Liseberg
Roller coasters introduced in 2003
Roller coasters in Sweden
2003 establishments in Sweden
Infralec. Infralec was a short-lived electricity distribution subsidiary in the United Kingdom. Infralec was established in February 2000 by Hyder to operate the Welsh electricity distribution network previously operated under the SWALEC brand, when the rest of Hyder was sold to British Energy.

In 2001, Hyder was purchased by Western Power Distribution who sold off most parts of the organisation but kept Infralec, which was rebranded as WPD South Wales.

References

Electric power companies of the United Kingdom
Energy in Wales
Defunct companies of the United Kingdom
Energy companies established in 2000
Technology companies disestablished in 2001
2001 mergers and acquisitions
Agile management. Agile management is the application of the principles of Agile software development and Lean Management to various team and project management processes, particularly product development. Following the appearance of The Manifesto for Agile Software Development in 2001, organizations discovered the need for agile technique to spread into other areas of activity, including team and project management. This gave way to the creation of practices that built upon the core principles of Agile software development while engaging with more of the organizational structure, such as the Scaled agile framework (SAFe). 

The term Agile originates from Agile manufacturing - which in the early 1990s had developed from flexible manufacturing systems and lean manufacturing/production.

In 2004, one of the authors of the original manifesto, Jim Highsmith, published Agile Project Management: Creating Innovative Products. 

The term "Agile Project Management" has not been picked up by any of the international organizations developing Project Management Standards and as such, Agile management has become common parlance to engage organizations without the formal recognition or institutions to back.
 The ISO Standard ISO 21502:2020 refers to the term "agile" as a delivery approach of products (project scope).
 The PMBoK Standard published by the Project Management Institute refers to an "adaptive" type of development lifecycle also called "agile" or "change-driven" about the product development lifecycle of a project (an element of the project lifecycle).

Use 
Agile management is a current leader in popular project and team management methods. However, new practices have emerged attuned to the complexities of advancing technologies and have evolved to cover specialized areas such as Platform engineering and Site reliability engineering. Agile management has been noted to bring about positive responses in unpredictable, complex, and frequently changing environments. In Agile management, creativity is noted as an important factor and is encouraged through experimentation with a focus on practice innovation. In teams and projects that adopt agile management, it is necessary for organizational management components to stimulate team members' creativity, focusing on bringing about continuous innovation for solutions and promoting the project's overall development.

See also 
 Scrum (software development)
 Scaled agile framework
 Agile learning

References

Agile software development
Project management
MidSTAR. MidSTAR, a project of the United States Naval Academy (USNA) Small Satellite Program (SSP), is a general-purpose satellite bus capable of supporting a variety of space missions by easily accommodating a wide range of space experiments and instruments.

Mission architecture
The baseline MidSTAR mission includes a single spacecraft under the command and control of a single satellite ground (SGS) station located at USNA, Annapolis MD. (Lat. 38.98 N, 76.49 W). The ground station forwards downlinked data files to the Principal Investigators via the Internet. Secondary ground control will be available on an as-needed/space-available basis through Naval Postgraduate School (NPS), Monterey CA (36.6 N, 121.89 W). Launch segment for MidSTAR is either the Delta IV or Atlas V EELV. The orbit is tailored to payload requirements; where no requirements exist, the orbit of the primary payload or one of the other secondary payloads is accepted. In order for the spacecraft to be seen from USNA SGS at an elevation greater than 30 degrees and range simultaneously less than 900 km, the must be 500 ± 200 km with inclination greater than 35 degrees.

Satellites 
 MidSTAR I
 MidSTAR II, canceled

See also
 United States Naval Academy

References

Satellite Internet access
United States Naval Academy
Bad Schandau Elevator. The Bad Schandau Elevator is a passenger truss-tower elevator built in 1904 at Bad Schandau, a spa town in Saxony, Germany. The height of the elevator is , in an art nouveau-style steel framework tower, which has a diameter of  at the ground and at the door such of . On the way upward it overcomes a difference in height of . It functions as an observation tower.

Overview
The elevator is driven by an electric motor, with the electricity generated by the Lichtenhain Waterfall. During the winter and emergencies, electricity was originally provided by a battery.

In 1921 the drive of the Bad Schandau Elevator were changed to three-phase alternating current, a crank handle was left for the emergency operation. During World War I, the facility was shut down. In 1950 a driving disk hoisting engine was introduced. In 1961 two additional anchoring wires were attached and in 1978 a new control. In the years 1989-1990 the plant, which was put under monument protection in 1954, was reconditioned.

The elevator is visible in some scenes of Wes Anderson's 2013 film The Grand Budapest Hotel.

External links

 Information and photographs (in German).
 
 Drawings of Bad Schandau Elevator

Individual elevators
Elbe Sandstone Mountains
Transport in Saxon Switzerland
elevator
Art Nouveau architecture in Germany
Buildings and structures completed in 1904
Observation towers in Saxony
EPCOR Utilities. EPCOR Utilities Inc., formerly known as Edmonton Power Corporation, is a utility company based in Edmonton, Alberta. EPCOR manages water, wastewater, natural gas, and electricity distribution systems in the Canadian provinces of Alberta, British Columbia, and Ontario, and the American states of Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas. In addition, the company maintains and provides engineering support for traffic signals and street lights within the City of Edmonton, as well as other cities in Alberta. EPCOR is a municipally owned corporation with the City of Edmonton as sole shareholder.

History 
Created in 1996 as the Edmonton Power Corporation, the company history dates back to the Edmonton Electric Lighting and Power Company formed in 1891. The name EPCOR was introduced in 2001. EPCOR's name is derived from Edmonton Power Corporation as authorized under City of Edmonton Bylaw 11071.

EPCOR previously owned five power generating facilities within the province of Alberta.  The decision was made on April 17, 2009 to divest of power producing assets through the creation of a publicly traded company; Capital Power Corporation. EPCOR Power LP, a limited partnership with EPCOR Utilities Inc., was transferred to Capital Power Corporation and renamed Capital Power Income L.P.

In October 2008, EPCOR was named one of "Canada's Top 100 Employers" by Mediacorp Canada Inc., and was featured in Maclean's newsmagazine. Later that month, EPCOR was named one of Alberta's Top Employers, which was announced by the Calgary Herald and the Edmonton Journal. EPCOR was also named one of Canada's Top 10 Earth Friendly Employers in 2008.

In 2011, EPCOR acquired Chaparral City Water Company from American States Water and the Arizona and New Mexico operations of American Water.

See also

 EPCOR Tower
 Capital Power Corporation
 Capital Power Income L.P.

References

External links
 

Electric power companies of Canada
Electric power companies of Alberta
Energy companies established in 1996
Companies based in Edmonton
Companies owned by municipalities of Canada
Water companies of Canada
Water companies of the United States
1996 establishments in Alberta
Sanitation companies
Natural gas companies of Canada
Natural gas companies of the United States
Electric power companies of the United States
Pecom 32. Pecom 32 is an educational and/or home computer developed by Elektronska Industrija Niš of Serbia in 1985. A few games and programs exist for the system.

Specifications
 CPU: CDP 1802B 5V7 clocking at 2.813 MHz
 ROM: 16 KB with BASIC 3, optional 16 KB upgrade containing enhanced editor and assembler
 Primary memory: 36 KB (32 KB available to user)
 Secondary storage: cassette tape
 Display: 8-colours, text mode 24 lines with 40 characters each; pseudo-graphics 240 x 216 mode using user-defined characters
 Sound: 8 octaves plus effects (probably AY-3-8912)
 I/O ports: cassette tape storage, composite and RF video, RS-232 and expansion connector

See also
 Pecom 64

References 

Home computers
EI Niš
Computer-related introductions in 1985
Pecom 64. Pecom 64 was an educational and/or home computer developed by Elektronska Industrija Niš of Serbia in 1985. Modern emulators for the system exist, along with software preservation efforts.

Specifications 
The machine had the following specifications:
 CPU: CDP 1802B 5V7 running at 2.813 MHz
 ROM: 16 KB, with optional 16 KB upgrade containing enhanced editor and assembler
 RAM: 32 KB
 Secondary storage: cassette tape
VIS: (Video Interface System) CDP1869 / CDP1870
Text modes:  40 columns x 24 lines
Character set: 128 Programmable characters
Character size:  6x9 pixels
Graphics modes: None, but the character-set was re programmable (semigraphics) to simulate a 240x216 High Resolution display
Colours: A total of 8 foreground colours are available (with a limited choice of 4 per character and 1 per line of that character) and 8 background colours (defined for the whole screen).
 Sound: 2 channels: one for tone generation with a span of 8 octaves, and 1 for special effect/white noise. Volume programmable in 16 steps.
 I/O ports:cassette tape storage, composite and RF video, RS-232 and expansion connector
 Power supply: 220V AC, 0.02 A, 4.5 W (built-in transformer)

See also 

 Pecom 32
 Very similar HW and BASIC as used in the Comx-35

References 

Home computers
EI Niš
Computer-related introductions in 1985