omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Jeromy Carriere. Steven Jeromy Carrière is a Canadian computer software engineer.

Carrière is a graduate of the University of Waterloo in Canada.
He was technical staff member at Carnegie Mellon University's Software Engineering Institute working on practical software architectural reconstruction and analysis.

In 1998 Carrière co-founded Pittsburgh-based voice portal infrastructure company Quackware with Steven Woods and Alex Quilici.
In 1999 Quackware became Quack.com and moved to Silicon Valley.
In September 2000, Quack was acquired for an estimated $200 million by America Online.

Carrière left America Online in 2002 to co-found Web 2.0 startup  Kinitos (later renamed NeoEdge Networks). In 2003, Jeromy left Kinitos to join Microsoft as a senior architect advisor.
From 2005 through 2007 he worked for Fidelity Investments, in Boston, USA, in their enterprise application architecture group. Subsequent to this Jeromy went on to senior technical leadership positions with Vistaprint, Yahoo, eBay and most recently - Google where he has been an Engineering Director in its technical infrastructure group since 2012.

Jeromy has been the recipient of numerous awards. In June 2007 Carrière was awarded an honorary doctorate from Algoma University College in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada.

In spring of 2014 Carrière was recognized with the prestigious J.W. Graham Medal for Computing and Innovation by the University of Waterloo.

See also
 List of University of Waterloo people

Notes

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
University of Waterloo alumni
Canadian software engineers
J.W. Graham Medal awardees
The Bridge (M. C. Escher). The Bridge is a lithograph print by the Dutch artist M. C. Escher, first printed in March 1930.

It depicts a bridge connecting two sheer cliffs. On the top of the left hand cliff is a city. The chasm between the two cliffs is narrow but plummets out of view. In the distance is another outcrop with a city built on top. Both the rock and the architecture on this third outcrop are darker in colouration than in the foreground. The buildings appear to be modelled partly after southern Italian architecture. The rock is in blocky formations that appeared often during Escher's Italian period and it is possible that the village seen is Assisi.

See also
 Italian architecture
 Printmaking
 Southern Italy

Sources
Locher, J.L. (2000). The Magic of M. C. Escher. Harry N. Abrams, Inc. .

Dutch art
Works by M. C. Escher
1930 paintings
Bridges in art
Edinburgh IMP. Edinburgh IMP is a development of Atlas Autocode, initially developed around 1966-1969 at the University of Edinburgh, Scotland. It is a general-purpose programming language which was used heavily for systems programming.

Expressively, IMP is highly similar to ALGOL and includes all the ALGOL-style block structure, reserved words (keywords), and data types such as arrays, and records. It adds to ALGOL-style languages a string type (an array of characters, although these have a predeclared size) and built-in operators for string manipulation and character handling. One significant difference from ALGOL is that IMP does not support parameters passed by name, although it does support parameters passed by reference.

IMP provides significant control over the storage mapping of data, plus commands for addressing within parts of words. Most IMP compilers offer compiler-generated runtime checks and a stack trace (backtrace) facility by default, even in production code. IMP allows inline assembler machine language instructions in source code.

The ERCC Implementation of IMP for the ICL System 4 (known as IMP9) offered a syntax-driven macro facility (designed by Alan Freeman) that was similar to the Compiler Compiler features offered by IMP's predecessor, Atlas Autocode.

Early IMP compilers were developed for the English Electric KDF9, ICL System 4, UNIVAC 1108, IBM System/360, DEC PDP-9, DEC PDP-15 and CTL Modular One computers. IMP was used to implement the Edinburgh Multiple Access System (EMAS) operating system, and a compiler was written for the ICL 2900 series to allow porting of EMAS to that platform. In later years, a version of IMP named IMP77 was developed by Peter Robertson within the Computer Science department at Edinburgh which was a portable compiler that brought IMP to even more platforms. In 2002, the IMP77 language was resurrected by the Edinburgh Computer History Project for Intel x86 hardware running DOS, Windows, and Linux, and is once again in use by Edinburgh graduates and ex-pats.

The diverged IMP and IMP77 were later consolidated into one language with the introduction of the IMP80 standard, supported by implementations from the Edinburgh Regional Computer Centre. IMP80 has also been ported to several platforms including Intel and was actively in use into the 1990s.

Edinburgh IMP is unrelated to the later IMP syntax-extensible programming language developed by Edgar T. Irons, for the CDC 6600, which was the main language used by the National Security Agency (NSA) for many years.

See also
 IMP (programming language) (contrast)

Sources

 (ASCII version)

References
 

History of computing in the United Kingdom
Science and technology in Edinburgh
Systems programming languages
University of Edinburgh School of Informatics
Methyl formate. Methyl formate, also called methyl methanoate, is the methyl ester of formic acid. The simplest example of a carboxylate ester, it is a colorless liquid with an ethereal odour, high vapor pressure, and low surface tension.  It is a precursor to many other compounds of commercial interest.

Production
In the laboratory, methyl formate can be produced by the condensation reaction of methanol and formic acid, as follows:

HCOOH + CH3OH  →  HCOOCH3 + H2O

Industrial methyl formate, however, is usually produced by the combination of methanol and carbon monoxide (carbonylation) in the presence of a strong base, such as sodium methoxide:

This process, practiced commercially by BASF among other companies gives 96% selectivity toward methyl formate.  The catalyst for this process is sensitive to water, which can be present in the carbon monoxide feedstock, which is commonly derived from synthesis gas. Very dry carbon monoxide is, therefore, essential.

Uses
Methyl formate is used primarily to manufacture formamide, dimethylformamide, and formic acid.  These compounds are precursors or building blocks for many useful derivatives.

Because of its high vapor pressure, it is used for quick-drying finishes and as a blowing agent for some polyurethane foam applications (for example Ecomate® manufactured by Foam Supplies Inc.) and as a replacement for CFCs, HCFCs, and HFCs.  Methyl formate has  near zero ozone depletion potential and zero global warming potential and a short atmospheric life of 3 days.

It is also used as an insecticide.

A historical use of methyl formate, which sometimes brings it attention, was in refrigeration.  Before the introduction of less-toxic refrigerants, methyl formate was used as an alternative to sulfur dioxide in domestic refrigerators, such as some models of the famous GE Monitor Top.

References

External links
 NIST Chemistry WebBook: Methyl formate
 ChemicalLand21.com entry on METHYL FORMATE
 CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards

Formate esters
Methyl esters
Ixi. IXI or Ixi can refer to:

  (born 1962), German singer
 IXI Limited, a British software company that existed from 1987 to 1993
 Ixi software, an experimental project for generative music begun in 2001
 code for Lilabari Airport in North Lakhimpur, Assam, India
 IXI (digital audio player), a prototype for a digital music player invented in 1979
 1 × 1, a 1944 book of poetry by E. E. Cummings, sometimes stylized I × I
Oil sludge. Oil sludge or black sludge is a gel-like or semi-solid deposit inside an internal combustion engine, that can create a catastrophic buildup. It is often the result of contaminated engine oil and occurs when moisture and/or high heat is introduced to engine oil.

Causes
Oil sludge may occur due to a variety of different factors. Some of the most common causes are:
 Defective crankcase ventilation system 
 Oil/coolant contamination
 Neglecting oil changes
 Low oil level
 Poor engine design

Precautions
Oil sludge is generally preventable through frequent oil changes at manufacturer specified intervals, however, while uncommon, some engines do have a tendency to build up more sludge than others.

References

External links 
 burn oil sludge utilization
 Installation for saving of heavy fuel on boilers, utilization of condensate water and heavy residuals of fuel in tankfarm waste oil residues and oiled condensate water in ports and tank farms
 sludge - dispersion and utilisation as fuel

Engines
Motor vehicle maintenance
USS Bell (DD-95). USS Bell (DD-95) was a  built for the United States Navy during World War I.

Description
The Wickes class was an improved and faster version of the preceding . Two different designs were prepared to the same specification that mainly differed in the turbines and boilers used. The ships built to the Bethlehem Steel design, built in the Fore River and Union Iron Works shipyards, mostly used Yarrow boilers that deteriorated badly during service and were mostly scrapped during the 1930s. The ships displaced  at standard load and  at deep load. They had an overall length of , a beam of  and a draught of . They had a crew of 6 officers and 108 enlisted men.

Performance differed radically between the ships of the class, often due to poor workmanship. The Wickes class was powered by two steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft, using steam provided by four water-tube boilers. The turbines were designed to produce a total of  intended to reach a speed of . The ships carried  of fuel oil which was intended gave them a range of  at .

The ships were armed with four 4-inch (102 mm) guns in single mounts and were fitted with two  1-pounder guns for anti-aircraft defense. Their primary weapon, though, was their torpedo battery of a dozen 21 inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes in four triple mounts. In many ships a shortage of 1-pounders caused them to be replaced by 3-inch (76 mm) anti-aircraft (AA) guns. They also carried a pair of depth charge rails. A "Y-gun" depth charge thrower was added to many ships.

Construction and career
Bell, named for Rear Admiral Henry H. Bell, was launched 20 April 1918 by Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation, Fore River Shipyard, Quincy, Massachusetts; sponsored by Mrs. Josephus Daniels, wife of the Secretary of the Navy, Josephus Daniels, and commissioned 31 July 1918.

On 5 August 1918 she damaged the steam lighter Cornelia in a collision. Cornelia had to be beached on Deer Island, in the harbor at Boston, Massachusetts.
From August to November 1918 Bell convoyed troop ships across the North Atlantic and in December formed part of the escort for George Washington carrying President Woodrow Wilson from New York to Brest, France. Bell continued serving with the Atlantic Fleet until placed in reserve in June 1920. She was decommissioned at Portsmouth Navy Yard 21 June 1922. Bell remained out of commission until August 1936 when she was declared in excess of the limits imposed by the London Naval Treaty of 1930 and reduced to a hulk. She was subsequently sold.

Notes

References

External links
 NavSource Photos

Wickes-class destroyers
World War I destroyers of the United States
Ships built in Quincy, Massachusetts
1918 ships
K'Nex. K'Nex  is a construction toy system created by Joel Glickman. It was first introduced in America in 1992. K'Nex is designed and produced by K'Nex Industries Inc. of Hatfield, Pennsylvania. K'Nex was purchased by Florida-based company Basic Fun! in 2018.

The toy's building system consists of interlocking plastic rods, connectors, blocks, gears, wheels, and other components, which can be assembled to form a wide variety of models, machines, and architectural structures. While K'Nex is designed for children ages 5–12, a bigger version, Kid K'Nex, is aimed towards children 5 and younger.

History
The first K'Nex Box was launched in the U.S. market in 1993. Original models with moving parts had a handcrank to make things move, but soon, gears and motors allowed models to move on their own.

 

The company's products were sold at Toys "R" Us, starting in early October 1992. By 2011, K'Nex was distributed in over 25 countries, including the United States.

In 2018, all of K'Nex's assets were purchased by Basic Fun!, a Florida-based toy company. The acquisition was valued at around $21 million.

In 2024, Basic Fun filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. The company will use bankruptcy proceedings to repay its creditors while remaining in operation. Basic Fun emerged from bankruptcy on November 1, 2024.

Pieces
The basic K'Nex pieces used to make models include rods, connectors, and bricks. Basic K'Nex pieces are made out of polyoxymethylene plastic.

Display models and exhibits
Concordia University's Engineering and Computer Science Association (ECA) has erected models of a Space Shuttle, the Sears Tower, the Eiffel Tower, Habitat 67, and mazes out of K'Nex. The U.S. Space and Rocket Center held a Guinness Book of World Records Award for the "World's Largest K'Nex Sculpture" and also has a huge space shuttle and rocket in their gift shop in Huntsville, Alabama. The Guinness World Record for "World's Largest K'Nex Sculpture" was broken in 2014 by a team in the UK with a 13.38-meter-long K'Nex replica of the Bloodhound 1600 km/h Supersonic Car. K'Nex also has a traveling exhibit, K'Nex: Build Thrill Rides, that visits schools and museums across the country.

Computer games
K'NEX The Lost Mines: Adventure Begins, was released in 1998 by EAI Interactive for Windows 95, and Virtual K'Nex was also released in 1998 by Fox Interactive for Windows 3.x.

See also
 K*bot World Championships
 Fischertechnik
 Meccano

References

External links
Official K'Nex website
Basic Fun! K’Nex website

Construction toys
Products introduced in 1992
Toy companies of the United States
Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2024
Alan Hood. Alan William Hood is a professor in the Solar and Magnetospheric Theory Group at the University of St Andrews in Scotland.

He is best known for his wave heating theory involving the Coronal heating problem of the Sun's atmosphere.

He is married to Beatrice Hood, a part-time primary school teacher at St Leonard's School, St Andrews, with whom he has three children: Rachel born 1983, Alistair born 1985 and Graeme born 1987.

References

External links
 Coronal heating problem
Alan Hood at Google Scholar

Living people
Academics of the University of St Andrews
Scottish astronomers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Keith Bostic (software engineer). Keith Bostic (born July 26, 1959) is an American software engineer and one of the key people in the history of Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) Unix and open-source software.

Biography
In 1986, Bostic joined the Computer Systems Research Group (CSRG) at the University of California, Berkeley. He was one of the principal architects of the Berkeley 2BSD, 4.4BSD and 4.4BSD-Lite releases. Among many other tasks, he led the effort at CSRG to create a free software version of BSD Unix, which helped allow the creation of FreeBSD, NetBSD and OpenBSD.

Bostic was a founder of Berkeley Software Design Inc. (BSDi), which produced BSD/OS, a proprietary version of BSD.

In 1993, the USENIX Association gave a Lifetime Achievement Award (Flame) to the Computer Systems Research Group, honoring 180 individuals, including Bostic, who contributed to the group's 4.4BSD-Lite release.

Bostic and his wife Margo Seltzer founded Sleepycat Software in 1996 to develop and commercialize Berkeley DB, an open-source, key-value database. Sleepycat Software was the first company to develop dual-licensed open-source software. In February 2006, the company was acquired by Oracle Corporation, where Bostic worked until 2008.

Bostic and Michael Cahill founded WiredTiger in 2010 to create a NoSQL database management system. In November 2014, the company was acquired by MongoDB, which employed Bostic.

Bostic is the author of nvi—a re-implementation of the classic text editor vi—and many other standard BSD and Linux utilities. He is a past member of the Association for Computing Machinery, IEEE, and several POSIX working groups, and a contributor to POSIX standards.

Publications
 M. McKusick, K. Bostic, M. Karels, J. Quarterman: The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating System, Addison-Wesley, April 1996, . French translation published 1997, International Thomson Publishing, Paris, France, .

References

External links

Free software programmers
University of California, Berkeley people
BSD people
1959 births
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
American technology company founders
Businesspeople in software
American computer businesspeople
IDL specification language. IDL (Interface Description Language) is a software interface description language (or interface descriptor language) created by William Wulf and John Nestor of Carnegie Mellon University and David Lamb of Queen's University, Canada.

History
Like other interface description languages, IDL defined interfaces in a language- and machine- independent way, allowing the specification of interfaces between components written in different languages, and possibly executing on different machines using remote procedure calls.

The Karlsruhe Ada compilation system used IDL resp. DIANA and its predecessor AIDA, and for marshalling the vanilla IDL External Representation.

BiiN's DBMS used IDL as well, and for marshalling a more compact binary IDL External Representation.

Notes

References
 David Alex Lamb, Sharing intermediate representations: the interface description language, Ph.D. Dissertation, Carnegie-Mellon University, Department of Computer Science, 1983
 David Alex Lamb, "IDL: sharing intermediate representations", ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems 9:3:297-318 (July 1987)
 John Nestor, Joseph M. Newcomer, Paola Gianinni, and Donald Stone, IDL: The language and its Implementation, Prentice-Hall, 1990.
 Richard Snodgrass, The Interface Description Language: Definition and Use, W.H. Freeman, 1989
 J Nestor, William Allan. Wulf, David Alex Lamb, IDL, Interface Description Language, Technical Report, Carnegie-Mellon University, 1981

Specification languages
List of drugs: Cf–Ch. 

cf-cg
CFDN
CG
CGP 57148B
CGP-42446

ch

cha-chi
Chanaxin
Charcadole
Charcoaid
Charcocaps (W.F. Young, Inc.)
chaulmosulfone (INN)
Chealamide
Chemet (Lundbeck)
Chenix
chenodeoxycholic acid (INN)
Cheracol
Cheratussin DAC
CHG Scrub
Chibroxin (Merck)
chiniofon (INN)
ChiRhoStim (ChiRhoClin)
Chirocaine (Abbott Laboratories)

chl

chlo
Chlo-Amine Oral

chlor
Chlor-Pro Injection
Chlor-Rest Tablet
Chlor-Trimeton
Chlor-Tripolon

chlora-chlori
chloracyzine (INN)
Chlorafed Liquid
chloral hydrate (INN)
chloralodol (INN)
chloralose (INN)
chlorambucil (INN)
chloramphenicol (INN)
Chloraprep One-Step Frepp
Chlorate Oral
chlorazanil (INN)
chlorazodin (INN)
chlorbenzoxamine (INN)
chlorbetamide (INN)
chlorcyclizine (INN)
Chlordiazachel
chlordiazepoxide (INN)
chlordimorine (INN)
Chloresium
Chlorgest-HD Elixir
chlorhexidine (INN)
chlorisondamine chloride (INN)

chlorm-chloro
chlormadinone (INN)
chlormerodrin (197 Hg) (INN)
chlormerodrin (INN)
chlormethine (INN)
chlormezanone (INN)
chlormidazole (INN)
chlornaphazine (INN)
chlorobutanol (INN)
chlorocresol (INN)
Chlorofair
Chlorofon-A Tablet
Chloromag
Chloromycetin
Chloromyxin
chloroprednisone (INN)
chloroprocaine (INN)
Chloroptic-P S.O.P.
Chloroptic
chloropyramine (INN)
chloropyrilene (INN)
chloroquine (INN)
chloroserpidine (INN)
Chloroserpine
Chlorostat
chlorothiazide (INN)
chlorotrianisene (INN)
chloroxylenol (INN)

chlorp-chlorz
Chlorphed
chlorphenamine (INN)
chlorphenesin (INN)
chlorphenoctium amsonate (INN)
chlorphenoxamine (INN)
chlorphentermine (INN)
chlorproethazine (INN)
chlorproguanil (INN)
chlorpromazine (INN)
chlorpropamide (INN)
chlorprothixene (INN)
chlorquinaldol (INN)
Chlortab
chlortalidone (INN)
chlortetracycline (INN)
chlorthenoxazine (INN)
chlorzoxazone (INN)

cho-chy
Cholac
Cholan-HMB
Cholebrine
Choledyl
cholestyramine (INN)
Choletec
choline alfoscerate (INN)
choline fenofibrate (USAN, INN)
choline gluconate (INN)
choline salicylate (INN)
choline theophyllinate (INN)
Cholografin Meglumine
Cholografin Sodium
Cholovue
Choloxin
Cholybar
Chooz brandname chewing gum with calcium carbonate
Chorex
choriogonadotropin alfa (INN)
chorionic gonadotropin (INN)
Choron or Chron-10 brandname for chorionic gonadotropin
Chromalbin
Chromitope Sodium
chromocarb (INN)
Chronovera
Chronulac
Chymex
Chymodiactin
chymopapain (INN)
chymotrypsin (INN)
Extended ML. Extended ML is a general-purpose, high-level, wide-spectrum programming language based on the languages ML and Standard ML, covering both program specification and implementation. It extends the syntax of ML to include axioms, which do not need to be executable but can rigorously specify the behavior of a program. With this addition, the language can be used for stepwise refinement, proceeding gradually from an initial formal specification to eventually yield an executable Standard ML program. Correctness of the final executable with respect to the original specification can then be established by proving the correctness of each of the refinement steps. Extended ML is used for research into and teaching of formal methods in program development and specification, and research into automatic program verification.

Extended ML is neither related to the programming language Extensible ML (other than being similarly derived from ML), nor to the specification language Extensible Markup Language (XML).

References

 Workshop in Guildford, England; 1985.
 Extended abstract in Proceedings of the Joint Conference on Theory and Practice of Software Development, Barcelona, Spain, Springer LNCS, pp. 352, 375–389 (1989).

External links
, Don Sannella

High-level programming languages
ML programming language family
Formal specification languages
1985 software
Programming languages created in 1985
Command ship. Command ships serve as the flagships of the commander of a fleet. They provide communications, office space, and accommodations for a fleet commander and their staff, and serve to coordinate fleet activities.

An auxiliary command ship features the command and control components prevalent on landing ships (command) and also features the capability to land troops and equipment. These forces will be slightly less than those on a pure landing ship due to the nature of the ship as a command vessel and hence will also house the assault commander, the flotilla commander or someone of similar status (generally of NATO OF-7 or OF-8 rank—such as a major general or vice admiral).

Currently, the United States Navy operates two command ships,  and , both of the purpose-built . Two command ships,  and  were converted from Landing Platform Docks (LPD); these ships were decommissioned in March 2005 and December 2006 and sunk as targets in support of a fleet training exercise on 11 April 2007 and as part of live-fire exercise Valiant Shield 2012, respectively.

The Soviet Union operated several space program command ships, , , , and the Soviet communications ship SSV-33 Ural. These ships greatly extended the tracking range when the orbits of cosmonauts and uncrewed missions were not within range of Soviet land-based tracking stations. Similar U.S. vessels were classified as Missile Range Instrumentation Ships (T-AGM).

See also
Amphibious command ships

 Auxiliary command ships

Command cruisers

National Emergency Command Post Afloat

Space tracking or command ships

World War II construction battalion (Seebee) and Service Squadron command ships
 - Service Squadron mobile base command ship, ex-fleet flagship
 - Service Squadron mobile base command ship
 - Seebee command ship
 - Service Squadron mobile base command ship
USS Wright/ USS San Clemente - Service Squadron mobile base command ship

References

External links
 
 U. S. Navy Factfile Entry on Coronado

Warships
Military command and control installations