omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Pentalobular screw thread. A pentalobular screw thread is a form of self-forming thread used for screws. Self-forming screws are used in ductile materials, such as aluminium and plastics.

Self-tapping screws are widely used for driving into sheet metal or plastics and forming their own thread. They may be either self-drilling, forming their own hole through unbroken material, or fitted into a pre-pierced hole. Self-drilling screws have some ability to cut a thread, as for a tap. Others work not by cutting, but rather by roll-forming the thread, pushing excess material out of the way by plastic deformation. This is one reason why ductile host materials, rather than brittle, are needed.

To form a close-fitting thread that will not be loose afterwards, roll-forming requires a lobed tool rather than a constant diameter cylindrical tool. This is particularly the case when the tool and the fastener are the same, such as for a screw. A lobed or polygonal form allows residual compressive stresses from the forming parts of the thread to be relieved in the undercut clearance between the lobes.

This lobular thread has other advantages too. It allows the screw to be turned with lower torque, which also increases the 'strip-to-drive ratio' between the torques needed to drive the screw in or to damagingly strip the threads out. The proportions of the lobular thread can also change over the length of the screw, so that the tip of the screw can use greater lobulation to form the thread more aggressively and also provide a centring effect.

In conjunction with a thread profile with sharp arrises, a three-lobed thread of this form is the basis of the well-known Taptite screws.

The optimum number of lobes is five. Their number should be prime, to avoid the usual harmonic effects between lobes. As is already widely recognised with tapered reamers, five has better stability than three in imperfectly circular holes. More lobes than this, such as seven, would reduce the spacing for clearance between the lobes. A patent has been applied for about a thread with such an optimised pentalobular form.

Such thread forms are not a new innovation. A patent for machinery to roll-form the threads of the screws was granted in 1975.

References 

Screws
Threaded fasteners
Threading (manufacturing)
NCL Eclipse. NCL Eclipse is a plugin for Eclipse IDE to assist in the development of Nested Context Language (NCL) applications. NCL is the standard declarative language for ISDB-Tb (International System for Digital Broadcast Terrestrial Brazilian) and also is ITU-T standard for IPTV systems. NCL Eclipse was first developed by Laws Lab, and it is currently jointly maintained by Laws and TeleMidia Labs.

NCL Eclipse is free software, available at the Brazilian Public Software Portal under GNU GPLv2 license.

As an Eclipse IDE plug-in, NCL Eclipse can be integrated with other plug-ins: for instance, those supporting other ISDB-Tb and ITU-T standard languages (such as Lua and Java).

Version History

NCL Eclipse 1.0 
The first stable version of NCL Eclipse was named "NCL Eclipse 1.0". This version has included support for syntax highlighting, folding (which allows the author to hide parts of source code according to their needs), wizards to create documents, auto-formatting, document, marking error validation, contextual content suggestion, and an outline view (which shows the document content as a tree). To provide the marking error validation, all NCL Eclipse versions use the NCL Validator (validation framework of NCL documents).

NCL Eclipse 1.4 
NCL Eclipse 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3 mainly provided bug fixes found in NCL Eclipse 1.0. NCL Eclipse 1.4 brought program visualization, media previews, and hypertext navigation. Additionally, a new plug-in aimed to integrate NCL Eclipse with NCL Club was included in the same package. The internationalization support for English, Spanish, and Portuguese was also included in this version.

NCL Eclipse 1.5 
The latest stable and current version is "NCL Eclipse 1.5". This version contains some improvements in the source code. As a new feature, this version came with support for semi-automatic error correction and the option to run the NCL document, provided by a virtual machine running the Ginga-NCL emulator.

References

External links
 
 Laws Labs
 TeleMídia Lab

Technical communication
Meitetsu 1600 series. The  was an electric multiple unit (EMU) type operated by the private railway operator Nagoya Railroad (Meitetsu) on limited express services in Japan from May 1999 until June 2008. Two cars from each set were subsequently modified to create the 1700 series EMUs in conjunction with new 2300 series cars.

Formations
The fleet consisted of four three-car sets formed as follows.

Cars 2 and 3 were each fitted with a single-arm pantograph.

Interior
Passenger accommodation consisted of unidirectional seating arranged 2+2 abreast. Car 2 included a toilet and wheelchair space.

History
The trains were introduced on 10 May 1999.

References

Electric multiple units of Japan
1600 series
Train-related introductions in 1999
Tilting trains
Nippon Sharyo multiple units
1500 V DC multiple units of Japan
Meitetsu 7000 series. The  was a commuter electric multiple unit (EMU) train type formerly operated by the private railway operator Nagoya Railroad (Meitetsu) in Japan from 1961 until December 2009. The 7000 series included the 7100 series, 7500 series, and 7700 series.

Preserved examples
Cars 7027, 7092 and 7028 are preserved at Chukyo Racecourse.
Cars 7001 and 7002 are preserved at Maigi inspection center.

References

External links

 Arigatō Panorama Car 

Electric multiple units of Japan
7000 series
Train-related introductions in 1961

Nippon Sharyo multiple units
1500 V DC multiple units of Japan
Meitetsu DeKi 400. The  was a Bo-Bo wheel arrangement electric locomotive type operated by private railway operator Nagoya Railroad (Meitetsu) in Japan.

Operations
Originally used to haul freight trains on the eastern end of the Meitetsu Nagoya Main Line and Meitetsu Mikawa Line, they were later used primarily on track maintenance trains and rolling stock transfer duties.

History
The two locomotives were built in 1930 and 1931 for the Aichi Electric Railroad, numbered DeKi 400 and DeKi 401. The locomotive bodies were built by Nippon Sharyo of Japan, and the electrical equipment was built by the American company Westinghouse Electric Company. When the Aichi Electric Railroad was absorbed into Meitetsu, the two locomotives retained their original DeKi 400 classification, but locomotive number DeKi 400 was renumbered DeKi 402.

Originally painted in black, the locomotives were repainted into "Meitetsu Blue" when they underwent life extension refurbishment in 1993. The locomotives were originally fitted with two large Westinghouse pantographs, but these were subsequently replaced by single PT42-F lozenge-type pantographs.

Withdrawal
The DeKi 400 locomotives were withdrawn during fiscal 2015, replaced by new Class EL120 locomotives, and cut up in June 2016.

References

1067 mm gauge locomotives of Japan
Electric locomotives of Japan
DeKi 400
1500 V DC locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1930
Bo-Bo locomotives
Nippon Sharyo locomotives
Meitetsu DeKi 300. The  is a Bo-Bo wheel arrangement electric locomotive type operated by private railway operator Nagoya Railroad (Meitetsu) in Japan. The locomotives were used primarily on track maintenance trains, but following their withdrawal in 2014, only one locomotive, DeKi 303, remains in use, limited to depot shunting duties at Meitetsu's Maigi Maintenance Depot.

History
The locomotives were built between 1926 and 1929 for the Mikawa Railroad, and classified Class Ki 10. Locomotives Ki 10 and Ki 11 were built by Nippon Sharyo, and locomotives Ki 12 to Ki 14 were built by Mitsubishi Shipbuilding (now part of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. A sixth locomotive, Ki 15, was added to the fleet with the purchase of former Ichibata Electric Railway DeKi 1, built in 1923 by Mitsubishi. The locomotives were reclassified DeKi 300 following the merger of Mikawa Railroad into Nagoya Railroad (Meitetsu) in 1941.

Originally painted in black, the locomotives were repainted into "Meitetsu Blue" when they underwent life extension refurbishment in 1993.

Withdrawals
DeKi 304 was scrapped following fire damage in 1964. DeKi 301 was scrapped following damage sustained in a level crossing accident in 1966. DeKi 302 was withdrawn in 1984, after becoming surplus to requirements due to the reduction in freight operations.

The last three locomotives in service, DeKi 303, 305, and 306, were withdrawn from main line service in March 2014. While DeKi 305 and 306 were cut up, DeKi 303 remains in use as an internal shunting locomotive at Meitetsu's Maigi Maintenance Depot.

Preserved examples
DeKi 302 was preserved in a park in the city of Toyota, following its withdrawal in 1984, but it was cut up in 2003.

References

1067 mm gauge locomotives of Japan
Electric locomotives of Japan
DeKi 300
1500 V DC locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1923
Bo-Bo locomotives
Nippon Sharyo locomotives
RK 215. The RK 215 is a line of diesel engines built by MAN (previously Ruston). The RK 215 series  is a large four-stroke diesel engine that has an 11-liter displacement per cylinder.

RK215 diesel engines have also been manufactured in Iran by DESA diesel,

Applications

Twelve- and sixteen-cylinder versions have been used in main line diesel electric locomotives, including  Alstom's LDE 3200 locomotive for Syria and M9 for Sri Lanka (12-cylinder), and the AD43C for Iran as well as the KTM Class 29 for Malaysia (16-cylinder).

Like most MAN engines, the RK 215 is also sold for stationary and marine use. It is available in I-6 V-8, V-12 and V-16
RK215 engine during the introduction as AD43 locomotive application started in Iranian railway has received many modifications.

References 

Diesel locomotive engines
Franz Josef Och. Franz Josef Och (2 November 1971) is a German computer scientist. He is best known for being the chief architect of Google Translate. He has worked as a Director at Facebook. Prior
to this, he was Head of Data Science at Grail, (an Illumina company), Chief Data Scientist at Human Longevity Inc., and earlier worked for Google as a Distinguished Research Scientist and head of machine translation based at Google's Mountain View, California, headquarters south of San Francisco.

Life and work 

He studied computer science at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Germany, where he graduated with a Dipl.Ing. degree in 1998. In 2002, he received his PhD in Computer Science from RWTH Aachen University, Germany. The same year he moved to the United States.

From 2002 to 2004 he worked as a Research Scientist at the Information Sciences Institute at the University of Southern California (USC). His research activities are in statistical machine translation, natural language processing and machine learning where he has co-authored more than 50 scientific papers. He has written several open-source software packages related to statistical natural language processing and was the chief architect of the world-known Google Translate.

In addition to German, he speaks English and some Italian.

References

External links 
Google and Facebook roll out Farsi language tools, The Guardian, June 19, 2009
Franz Josef Och, Google's translation uber-scientist, talks about Google Translate, David Sarno, Los Angeles Times, March 11, 2010
Can Google break the computer language barrier?, Tim Adams, The Observer, December 19, 2010

1971 births
Living people
People from Forchheim (district)
Google employees
German computer scientists
RWTH Aachen University alumni
University of Erlangen-Nuremberg alumni
Natural language processing researchers
Journal of the Operational Research Society. The Journal of the Operational Research Society is a monthly peer-reviewed academic journal covering operations research. It is an official journal of the Operational Research Society and publishes full length case-oriented papers, full length theoretical papers, technical notes, discussions (viewpoints) and book reviews. It was established in 1950 as the Operational Research Quarterly (from 1953 to 1969 under the title OR). It was published four times a year until 1978 when it became a monthly publication and the name was changed to Journal of the Operational Research Society. In 2024, the journal celebrated its 75th anniversary.

Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
Current Contents/Engineering, Computing & Technology
Current Contents/Social & Behavioural Sciences
Ei Compendex
Inspec
Science Citation Index Expanded
Social Sciences Citation Index
Scopus
Zentralblatt MATH
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2023 impact factor of 2.7.

References

External links

Academic journals established in 1950
Monthly journals
Business and management journals
English-language journals
1950 establishments in the United Kingdom
Operational Research Society academic journals
Peter Dunnill. Peter Dunnill, OBE, FREng (20 May 1938 – 10 August 2009), was a British pioneer in biochemical engineering and professor at the University College London (UCL), University of London.

Life

Dunnill was born in Harrow, London on 20 May 1938. He studied at the College of North West London. Dunnill self-learned French and German, and obtained his BSc in chemistry from the University College London.

Dunnill continued his study and research at the Royal Institution (RI) where he obtained his PhD in protein crystallography under Nobel Prize laureate Lawrence Bragg. He worked at the Sir John Cass College (now the London Guildhall University).

Dunnill spent his entire academic career at UCL, first as a lecturer in physical methods at the Department of Biology of UCL, and the position of Professor of Biochemical Engineering before his death. He was lecturer (1969), reader (1979), and professor (1984) in biochemical engineering at UCL. Dunnill was a founder of the Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering at UCL.

Recognitions

Dunnill was elected to the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) in 1994.
Dunnill was made a Fellow of UCL in 1981. He was also a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry (elected in 1979), Fellow of the Institution of Chemical Engineers (elected in 1981), and Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering. Dunnill was awarded the Donald medal by the Institution of Chemical Engineers in 1995, and was appointed OBE for his services to biochemical engineering in 1999.

Extra information
 The Lancet: Peter Dunnill
Obituaries from major media:
 The Times Online: Professor Peter Dunnill: biochemical engineer
 The Guardian: Peter Dunnill obituary
 The Times Higher Education: Obituary: Peter Dunnill, 1938-2009

References

1938 births
2009 deaths
People from Harrow, London
British chemical engineers
British chemists
Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Alumni of University College London
Academics of University College London
Academics of the University of London
I.S.T. XL-15 Tagak. The I.S.T. XL-15 Tagak (Swan in English) was a single-engine, twin-boom, high-wing monoplane designed after the I.S.T. XL-14 Maya and built in the Philippines in the mid-1950s.  The result of a collaboration between a Government research institute and the Philippine Air Force, it was designed as a utility, liaison or ambulance aircraft and as a test bed for the use of local materials in aviation.

Design and development

In the early 1950s, Philippines Institute of Science and Technology (I.S.T., previously known as the Bureau of Science) designed at least three different aircraft prototypes, both to investigate the scope for local aircraft design and production and to examine the use of indigenous materials in their construction.  One such material of interest was Wobex (Woven bamboo experimental), a reinforced woven bamboo.

The XL-15 Tagak was the second of these prototypes, developed in collaboration with the Philippine Air Force.  It was a single-engine, high-wing monoplane with a twin-boom layout and tricycle undercarriage to enable easy access to the fuselage pod via rear doors.  The inner wing sections, fitted with slotted flaps on the trailing edges had constant chord but further out the wings tapered, with slotted ailerons.  There was a single lift strut on each side between wing and lower fuselage, with an airfoil profile to add to the lift from the wings.

The fuselage of the Tagak was a wood and plywood framed semi-monocoque skinned with Wobex and ply. Its cabin, behind the 185 hp Lycoming flat six engine, was 3.26 m (10 ft 6 in) long to the rear of the pod.  There were two front seats under the wing leading edge, two more behind and room for one or two (stacked) stretcher cases. The cabin had two windows on each side and the rear part of the pod, which projected behind the wing trailing edge, was also extensively glazed.  The two tail booms, of all ply construction, were integral with the wing centre section.  The fins, with long chord underside fillets, were integral with the booms.  The tailplane was rectangular and extended beyond the fins, carrying a horn balanced elevator.  The fixed surfaces were of wood and ply construction, with Wobex covering; control surfaces were fabric covered.

Flight testing of the Tagak began in October 1954.  By 1956 some small modifications had been made: rudder area was increased and a shimmy-damper added to the nosewheel leg.  Only one was built.

Specifications

See also

References

XL-15
Twin-boom aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1954
1950s Philippine civil utility aircraft
Twin-tail aircraft
Aircraft with fixed tricycle landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
Jaguar Land Rover Gaydon Centre. The Jaguar Land Rover Gaydon Centre, which is situated north-west of the village of Gaydon, Warwickshire, England, is one of the principal engineering centres of Jaguar Land Rover and the location of the headquarters of Land Rover.  The site houses a design, research and development centre and extensive test track facilities and is used for the design and development of Jaguar and Land Rover vehicles.  The site, along with the smaller Aston Martin facility adjacent, occupies the land that was once the RAF V bomber base of RAF Gaydon.  The British Motor Museum is also located on the same site.

History
By the middle of the 1970s, the government had closed RAF Gaydon. In the late 1970s British Leyland purchased the site to convert it into a vehicle development facility, and proving ground and it became the headquarters of BL Technology (BLT). In 1980 BLT awarded a  contract for the construction of a wind tunnel there.

The ownership of the site passed, along with what was by then called the Rover Group, to British Aerospace in 1988, and subsequently in 1994 to BMW.

In 2000, the site was included in the sale by BMW of the Land Rover business to Ford.  Ford, which at that time also owned Jaguar Cars and Aston Martin, established the new Aston Martin headquarters and design, development and production facilities on the site, and started to use the Land Rover facilities for some Jaguar work. When Ford sold Aston Martin into private ownership in 2007, the Aston Martin facilities on the site were included in the deal, the remainder of the site continuing to be occupied by their, by then, integrated Jaguar Land Rover development operations.
Jaguar Land Rover is now owned by Tata Motors.

The car park has 166 chargers for electric vehicles, at 7 kW AC each.

See also
 Whitley plant

References

Buildings and structures in Warwickshire
Economy of Warwickshire
Jaguar Land Rover
Motor vehicle assembly plants in the United Kingdom
Stratford-on-Avon District
Kondo insulator. In solid-state physics, Kondo insulators (also referred as Kondo semiconductors and heavy fermion semiconductors) are understood as materials with strongly correlated electrons, that open up a narrow band gap (in the order of 10 meV) at low temperatures with the chemical potential lying in the gap, whereas in heavy fermion materials the chemical potential is located in the conduction band. 

The band gap opens up at low temperatures due to hybridization of localized electrons (mostly f-electrons) with conduction electrons, a correlation effect known as the Kondo effect. As a consequence, a transition from metallic behavior to insulating behavior is seen in resistivity measurements. The band gap could be either direct or indirect. Most studied Kondo insulators are FeSi, Ce3Bi4Pt3, SmB6, YbB12, and CeNiSn, although  there are over a dozen known Kondo insulators.

Historical overview
In 1969, Menth et al. found no magnetic ordering in SmB6 down to 0.35 K and a change from metallic to insulating behavior in the resistivity measurement with decreasing temperature. They interpreted this phenomenon as a change of the electronic configuration of Sm.

In 1992, Gabriel Aeppli and Zachary Fisk found a descriptive way to explain the physical properties of Ce3Bi4Pt3 and CeNiSn. They called the materials Kondo insulators, showing Kondo lattice behavior near room temperature, but becoming semiconducting with very small energy gaps (a few Kelvin to a few tens of Kelvin) when decreasing the temperature.

Transport properties
At high temperatures the localized f-electrons form independent local magnetic moments. According to the Kondo effect, the dc-resistivity of Kondo insulators shows a logarithmic temperature-dependence. At low temperatures, the local magnetic moments are screened by the sea of conduction electrons, forming a so-called Kondo resonance. The interaction of the conduction band with the f-orbitals results in a hybridization and an energy gap . If the chemical potential lies in the hybridization gap, an insulating behavior can be seen in the dc-resistivity at low temperatures.

In recent times, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy experiments provided direct imaging of band-structure, hybridization and flat band topology in Kondo insulators and related compounds.

References

 
 

Correlated electrons
Condensed matter physics
Sprint Applied Research & Advanced Technology Labs. Sprint Applied Research & Advanced Technology Labs (Sprint ATL/Sprint Labs) is Sprint Nextel research facility located in Burlingame, CA.

See also
 Sprint Nextel
 Nextel Communications
 WiMAX
 Clearwire
 Open Handset Alliance

References

External links
Sprint ATL Website

Companies based in Burlingame, California
Sprint Corporation
Research organizations in the United States
Gripfid. The gripfid is an invention of knotting expert Stuart Grainger.  It is a small knotter's fid with an added "grip", a hollow shaft that ends near the point with a vee that acts as a jamming cleat. 
   

For ply-split braiding the point  separates plies, and another cord is tucked into the hollow shaft of the gripfid and pulled back through the split cord. Although a latchhook may be used instead of a gripfid, the latter is much preferred.

References

Knots
Textile arts
Braids