omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
International Conference on Logic Programming. The International Conference on Logic Programming (ICLP) is the premier academic conference on the topic of logic programming, one of the main programming paradigms. It is organized annually by the Association for Logic Programming (ALP). The conference consists of peer-reviewed papers with the post-proceedings published in the international journal Theory and Practice of Logic Programming (TPLP), published by Cambridge University Press. The acceptance rate for TPLP papers is about 20%. Technical Communications are published as Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science.

The first ICLP was held in September 1982 in Marseille, France; the complete list is available on the ALP website. Every 4 years, ICLP is held in conjunction with several other logic conferences, in the Federated Logic Conferences (FLoC) series.

ICLP ranks as A (top 14.55%) in the CORE conference ranking.

References

External links 

Computer science conferences
Logic conferences
Programming languages conferences
Department of Computing, Imperial College London
List of ships of the United States Air Force. Starting in 1957 the US Air Force began operating a small fleet of Missile Range Instrumentation Ships to support missile test ranges. They were designated "ORV" for Ocean Range Vessel. They used the ship name prefix "USAF" (e.g.: USAF Coastal Crusader (ORV-16)). Other ships would use the prefix "USAFS", for "United States Air Force Ship".

The initial twelve Atlantic Missile Range ships were modified World War II cargo vessels. Six were FS-type ships and six were C1-M-AV-1 vessels. All were equipped with telemetry systems. Two of the C1-M-AV-1 types, Coastal Sentry and Rose Knot, were equipped with command/control transmitters.

The smaller FS types were retired by 1960. On 1 July 1964 the USAF tracking ships were transferred to the custody of the Military Sea Transportation Service (MSTS) for operation. (In 1970, the MSTS changed its name to Military Sealift Command (MSC).) The ships were redesignated from USAFS to USNS, along with the hull code "AGM", eg: USAFS Sword Knot (E-45-1852) became USNS Rose Knot (T-AGM-14). MSTS had administrative control of the ships and operational control when the ships were in port. The US Air Force Eastern Test Range had operational control when the ships were at sea. The larger C1-M-AV-1 type ships were redesignated by the Navy as AGM. The original larger ORV were out of service on the Eastern Test Range by 1969.

The US Air Force still operates a small fleet of drone recovery vessels nicknamed the "Tyndall Navy". These ships recover pieces of wreckage from drones and aerial targets from the waters of the Gulf of Mexico. The largest of these vessels are three 120-foot ships operated by the 82nd Aerial Targets Squadron, which is based at Tyndall AFB, Florida.

US Air Force ship list

Active

 Thule AB 
 Rising Star tugboat (active as of Aug 2020)
 Tyndall AFB
 82nd ATRS drone recovery watercraft (x3 120ft recovery vessels, x2 smaller boats)

Inactive
 US Army Freight and Supply (FS) Type (all retired)
 None of the FS type were formally named but were given phonetic call signs and numbers one being E-42-1836.
 USAF Echo
 USAF Foxtrot
 USAF Golf
 USAF Hotel
 USAF India
 USAF Kilo
 C1-M-AV1 Type 
 USAFS Sword Knot (E-45-1852) (scrapped)
 USAFS Rose Knot (E-45-1850) (disposed)
 USAFS Coastal Sentry (E-45-1849) (disposed)
 USAFS Coastal Crusader (E-45-1851, later ORV-16) (disposed)
 USAFS Timber Hitch (E-45-1848, later ORV-17) (disposed)
 USAFS Sampan Hitch (E-45-1861, later ORV-18) (scrapped)
 VC2-S-AP3 Type
 USAF Twin Falls Victory (scrapped)
 C4-S-A1 Type
 USAFS General Hoyt S. Vandenberg (sunk as artificial reef)
 USAFS General H. H. Arnold (struck)
 EC2-S-C1 Type
 USAFS American Mariner (sunk as target)

See also

 Eastern Test Range
 Pan American Airways Guided Missile Range Division
 Missile Test Project
 RAF Marine Branch

External links

 Navsource photos the ships (except FS types)

References

 

Research vessels of the United States
Ships
Air Force
SZD-9 Bocian. The SZD-9 Bocian (Polish: "Stork") is a multi-purpose two-seat sailplane that was designed and built in Poland at Szybowcowy Zakład Doświadczalny (Glider Experimental Works) in Bielsko-Biała, beginning in 1952. It was designed  to be capable of fulfilling the needs of every area from training to competition flying.

History
Main designer was Marian Wasilewski, with Roman Zatwarnicki and Justyn Sandauer. The prototype SZD-9 flew for the first time on 10 March 1952, piloted by Adam Zientek. After flight testing was completed, suggested changes were incorporated into the design and production began, as SZD-9bis Bocian-1A (or simply "Bocian A"). The first production unit flew for the first time on 13 March 1953, and 11 units were built.

Apart from use in Poland, the type was exported to 27 countries, including Austria, Australia, Belgium, China, France, Greece, India, Norway, former East Germany and West Germany, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Venezuela, United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union. Polish pilots set many international records flying SZD-9s.

Variants
SZD-9 Bocian – two prototypes
SZD-9bis Bocian-1A – the first variant, 11 built
SZD-9bis Bocian-1B – improved variant (e.g. bigger tailfin), 11 built
SZD-9bis Bocian-1C – improved variant of 1954 (wings swept at lesser angle, modified control surfaces and rear skid), 40 built
SZD-9bis Bocian-Z  – modified competition variant for 1956 World Gliding Competition, 3 built (2 rebuilt of Bocian C)
SZD-9bis Bocian-1D – improved variant of 1958 (bigger wheel and minor modifications), 186 built
SZD-9bis Bocian-1E – modified trainer variant of 1967 (straight wing tips, two-part canopy instead of three-part, landing gear with shock absorbers), 366 built
SZD-33 Bocian 3 – intended to replace SZD-9's and SZD-10's but discontinued in favour of the SZD-9bis Bocian-1E.

Specifications (SZD-9bis)

See also

References

Further reading

SZD-09
SZD-09
Aircraft first flown in 1952
Shoulder-wing aircraft
Forward-swept-wing aircraft
Maximum density. The maximum density of a substance is the highest attainable density of the substance under given conditions.

Attaining maximum density
Almost all known substances undergo thermal expansion in response to heating, meaning that a given mass of substance contracts to a low volume at low temperatures, when little thermal energy is present.  Substances, especially fluids in which intermolecular forces are weak, also undergo compression upon the application of pressure.  Nearly all substances therefore reach a density maximum at very low temperatures and very high pressures, characteristic properties of the solid state of matter.

Water

An especially notable irregular maximum density is that of water, which reaches a density peak at . This has important ramifications in Earth's ecosystem.

References

See also

 List of elements by density
 Density
 Specific Gravity
 Specific weight
 Charge density
 Buoyancy
 Hydrometer

Mass density
Condensed matter physics
Physical chemistry
Physical quantities
Sony Vaio SZ series. The SZ is a discontinued series of notebook computers from Sony introduced in mid-2006 to replace the S series.  They fall into the ultraportable notebook class, with a 13.3" 16:10 ratio 1280x800 screen, and a weight from 1.69kg for the top model, which featured carbon fiber casing. The first models came with an Intel Core Duo Processor; in later models, this was replaced with an Intel Core 2 Duo.

All models came with a hybrid graphics system, which features an integrated GMA 950 graphics and an Nvidia GeForce Go 7400 (later replaced with GeForce 8400M) graphics and were the first to be able to switch between the two with a reboot of the system.

The chip-sets of SZ series have two basic modifications. There are different BIOS and chipset drivers available. The Napa chip-set line is installed in makes SZ1 to SZ4 and Santa Rosa is installed in SZ5 and up. 

Most other hardware parts are gradually upgraded with increasing series number. Typically, the original drivers for advanced series are backward compatible with previous variants. Those drivers contain code for earlier hardware variants and can be installed instead of older driver packages. It is particularly useful since earlier series were not designed for Vista or Windows 7 OS. Sony download pages for earlier SZ series don't have drivers for these systems. All SZ series are capable to run Windows 7 OS if proper RAM and BIOS upgrades are performed. 

SZ peripheral hardware contained: Bluetooth, WiFi, Landline modem, WLAN modem, Ethernet, Built-in web camera, memory card reader, fingerprint reader, audio, TPM module, Sony programmable IO module, ALPS touchpad.

The SZ series was superseded by the Z series (high-end, 13.1" screen) and SR series (lower cost, 13.3" screen) in 2008.

External links
SZ Series – Product Tour
How to Install Sony VAIO SZ Drivers and Utilities on a Clean Windows XP

Sz
Computer-related introductions in 2006
Cubic metre per second. Cubic metre per second or cubic meter per second in American English (symbol m3s−1 or  m3/s) is the unit of volumetric flow rate in the International System of Units (SI). It corresponds to the exchange or movement of the volume of a cube with sides of  in length (a cubic meter, originally a stere) each second. It is popularly used for water flow, especially in rivers and streams, and fractions for HVAC values measuring air flow.

The term cumec is sometimes used as an acronym for full unit name, with the plural form cumecs also common in speech. It is commonly used between workers in the measurement of water flow through natural streams and civil works, but rarely used in writing.  

Data in units of m3s−1 are used along the y-axis or vertical axis of a flow hydrograph, which describes the time variation of discharge of a river (the mean velocity multiplied by cross-sectional area).  A moderately sized river discharges in the order of 100 m3s−1.

Conversions

References

See also
 Standard litre per minute
 Conversion of units
 Volumetric flow rate
 Volumetric flux
 Cusec, shorthand for cubic feet per second

Units of flow
SI derived units
Sodium hypophosphite. Sodium hypophosphite (NaPO2H2, also known as sodium phosphinate) is the sodium salt of hypophosphorous acid and is often encountered as the monohydrate, NaPO2H2·H2O. It is a solid at room temperature, appearing as odorless white crystals. It is soluble in water, and easily absorbs moisture from the air.

Sodium hypophosphite should be kept in a cool, dry place, isolated from oxidizing materials. It decomposes into phosphine which is irritating to the respiratory tract and disodium phosphate.

2 NaH2PO2 → PH3 + Na2HPO4

Uses 

Like other hypophosphites, sodium hypophosphite can reduce metal ions back into base metal. This forms the basis for electroless nickel plating (Ni-P), which is its main industrial application. With this method, a durable nickel-phosphorus film can coat objects with irregular surfaces, such as in avionics, aviation and the petroleum field.

Sodium hypophosphite is capable of reducing nickel ions in solution to metallic nickel on metal substrates as well as on plastic substrates. The latter requires that the substrate is activated with fine particles of palladium. The resulting nickel deposit contains up to 15% phosphorus.

It has been investigated as a food additive.

DEA List I status
The United States Drug Enforcement Administration designated sodium hypophosphite as a List I chemical under 21 CFR 1310.02 effective November 17, 2001, specifically mentioning the compound together with several other salts of hypophosphorous acid.

References

Sodium compounds
Phosphinates
Inorganic phosphorus compounds
Reducing agents
Harbin Y-11. The Harbin Y-11 (NATO reporting name Chan) is a high wing twin-engine piston utility and  geological survey aircraft built by Harbin Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation (HAMC).

Development

A requirement for a twin-engined light utility transport was issued by the Chinese government in November 1974. The Y-11 was proposed in April 1974, and the design was begun in January 1975. Design of the Y-11, under Xiong Wenjie, was completed at Harbin in June 1975 and prototype construction started immediately. The static test article completed its test cycle on 19 December 1975 and the first flight of the prototype followed soon after on 30 December 1975. Production started on 3 April 1977 with at least fifty aircraft known to have been built before production stopped in favour of the Harbin Y-12.

Variants
 Y-11 : Twin-engined STOL utility transport aircraft, designed for agriculture and geological survey.
 Y-11B : (I) is Fitted with advanced avionics and powered by 350 hp Teledyne -Continental TSIO-550-B air-cooled flat six piston engines. Type (II) was canceled. Later, the only flyable one was used for geological survey.
 Y-11 agricultural aircraft : Fitted with a hopper or tank in the cabin on the centre of gravity, dispensing chemicals through a dust spreader, spraybars or atomisers on the wing trailing edges.
 Y-11 Geological Survey aircraft : At least one aircraft fitted with a large toroidal sensor on the port wing-tip and a cigar shaped sensor on the starboard wing-tip.
 Y-11T : The initial designation of the Prototype Harbin Y-12, a redesigned plane fitted with Pratt & Whitney PT6A-11 turboprop engines driving three-bladed Hartzell HC-B3TN-3B propellers.

Operators

China Flying-Dragon Special Aviation Corp.

Former Operators

CAAC Airlines operated 41 Harbin Y-11 from 1976 to 1988.

Incidents And Accidents
 On June 19, 1999, a Harbin Y-11 operated by Xinjiang General Aviation crash-landed after it struck power cables during a crop spraying mission.

Specifications

References
Notes

External links 

 Specs & Photo at Flugzeuginfo.net

Y-011
1970s Chinese civil utility aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1975
STOL aircraft
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft with fixed tricycle landing gear
Shrink-fitting. Shrink-fitting is a technique in which an interference fit is achieved by a relative size change after assembly. This is usually achieved by heating or cooling one component before assembly and allowing it to return to the ambient temperature after assembly, employing the phenomenon of thermal expansion to make a joint. For example, the thermal expansion of a piece of a metallic drainpipe allows a builder to fit the cooler piece to it. As the adjoined pieces reach the same temperature, the joint becomes strained and stronger.

Other examples are the fitting of a wrought iron tyre around the rim of a wooden cart wheel by a wheelwright, or of a steel tyre to the wheel of a railway engine or rolling stock. In both cases the tyre will be heated and expands to slightly greater than the wheel's diameter, and is fitted around it. After cooling, the tyre contracts, binding tightly in place. The bombard Mons Meg was assembled from longitudinal staves of iron held in place by shrink-fitted iron hoops.

A common method used in industry is the use of induction shrink fitting which refers to the use of induction heating technology to pre-heat metal components between 150˚C and 300˚C thereby causing them to expand and allow for the insertion or removal of another component. Other methods of shrink-fitting include compression shrink fitting, which uses a cryogen such as liquid nitrogen to cool the insert, and shape memory coupling, which is achieved by means of a phase transition.

References

External links
Overview of interference fits

Industrial processes
Materials science
Reactive magnesia. Reactive magnesia is also variously known as caustic calcined magnesia, caustic magnesia or CCM. The temperature of firing has a greater influence on reactivity than grind size as excess energy goes into lattice energy.

Crystalline magnesium oxide, or periclase, has a calculated lattice energy of 3795 kJ mol-1 which must be overcome for it to go into solution or for reaction to occur.

Reactive magnesia is essentially amorphous magnesia with low lattice energy and is made at low temperatures and finely ground.

CCM is manufactured worldwide. China supplies low-cost, low-purity (~90% MgO) CCM. Turkey (KUMAS) and Australia (Causmag) supply high-purity (~95% MgO) CCM. Low-purity CCM is used in industrial applications such as waste water treatment. High-purity CCM is used in pharmaceuticals, cattle feed supplement, fertilizer, adhesive, Tyre, Magnetic Material etc.

References

The Properties of Reactive Magnesia - Portland Cement - Pozzolan Blends, A John W Harrison, B.Sc. B.Ec. FCPA.

Magnesium compounds
Composition H-6. 
Composition H-6 is a melt-cast military aluminized high explosive. H-6 was developed in the United States.

The chemical composition of H-6 is specified as follows: 
 45.1 ± 0.3% RDX ;
 29.2 ± 3.0% TNT;
 21.0 ± 3.0% powdered aluminium;
 4.7 ± 1.0% paraffin wax as a phlegmatizing agent;
 0.47 ± 0.1% calcium chloride as a desiccant to prevent moisture from reacting with Al.

Comp H-6 is used in a number of military applications, specifically as an explosive main fill, in munitions including aerial bombs such as the general purpose Mark 80 bombs in use with the USMC and US Navy (while USAF Mark 80s use a tritonal main fill); and underwater munitions (e.g. naval mines, depth charges and torpedoes) where it has generally replaced torpex, being less shock-sensitive and having more stable storage characteristics. It is approximately 1.35 times more powerful than pure TNT.

Properties
 Density: 1.73—1.74 g/cm3
 Velocity of detonation: 7,367 m/s

Manufacture 
Australia is one of the largest manufacturers of Composition H-6, originally being made at St Marys Munitions Filling Factory MFF New South Wales, for the main fill of Mark 82 and 84 general purpose bombs. Manufacturing has since moved to the Mulwala Propellant Facility, NSW.

See also
Torpex
Tritonal
Minol
Amatol
Composition C

References 

Explosives
Trinitrotoluene
S-V. The S-V (pronounced "S-five") was the third stage of the Saturn I rocket. It was built by Convair. It was designed to use two RL-10A-1 engines fueled by liquid hydrogen (LH2) and liquid oxygen (LOX) in tanks utilizing a common bulkhead to separate the propellants.

History 
Convair Astronautics was awarded a contract to deliver the S-V stage for the Saturn I. The stage was intended to boost lift capacity for U.S. military launches in the 1960s.  The S-V would ultimately fly as the third stage on early launches of the Saturn I. Convair delivered two S-V stages in February 1961 with one being flown on SA-1 attached to an also inert S-IV, the second was used for dynamic testing of the complete Saturn I before being later flown. In May 1961 NASA eliminated the requirement for all Saturn I launches to be flown with S-V's by flying in a two-stage only version. Despite this, the stage would fly four times in total. With the introduction of the Saturn IB and the needs of the military fulfilled on other launches, all further launches would be on either the Saturn IB or Saturn V, neither of which used the S-V. A version of this stage was also used on the Atlas-LV3C as the Centaur, modern derivatives of which are still flown today, making it the only Saturn rocket stage still currently operating.

Flight history 
Ultimately, the S-V would go on to fly four times between 1961 and 1964. Each of which were flown on suborbital test flights of the Saturn I. Because of the suborbital nature of these flights, each S-V was filled with water to act as ballast, making the stage inert. The water was released in space twice for Project Highwater. Modern derivatives of the stage are still in use today on the Atlas V and the Vulcan Centaur.

References 



Rocket stages
NASA space launch vehicles
Mk 7 mine. The Mk 7 mine was a circular British anti-tank blast mine. It replaced the World War 2-era Mk 5 mine, and has in turn been replaced by the L9 bar mine.

The Mk 7 can be laid either by hand or from a mechanical mine layer. The mine is conventional in design. It has a steel casing with a central, main fuze well, below which is a tetryl booster charge, both surrounded by the main explosive filling of TNT. The mine can be fitted with a variety of fuzes, including a double-impulse fuze (which gives it some resistance to explosive demining methods) or the L93A1 tilt-rod fuze, which gives it a full width attack capability.

The mine has a secondary fuze well for an anti-lifting device and a mechanical anti-handling device was also produced for the mine, although this is reported to have never been used. The mine is currently being phased out of service with the British army. The mine is found in Afghanistan, Angola, Cyprus, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Lebanon, Libya, Namibia, Oman, Somalia, and Zambia.

The two most modern variants of the mine, the Mk 7/4 (standard) and the Mk 7/7 (waterproof), were taken out of service by the UK by March 2003, after which disposal of existing stockpiles commenced.

A Soviet-era mine was responsible for the deaths of 10 Afghan girls, aged between nine and thirteen years, in December 2012.  Two Mk7 mines were found nearby and presumed to be of the same type as the mine that exploded.

Specifications
 Diameter: 
 Height: 
 Weight: 
 Explosive content:  kg of TNT
 Operating pressure:

Variants
 Mk 7/4 (standard)
 Mk 7/7 (waterproof)

References

Anti-tank mines of the United Kingdom
Cold War weapons of the United Kingdom
Gwyddion (software). Gwyddion is a multiplatform modular free software for visualization and analysis of data from scanning probe microscopy (SPM) techniques (like AFM, MFM, STM, SNOM/NSOM). The project is led by its main developers David Nečas (Yeti) and Petr Klapetek who work together with several various developers across the world. The software is made available as free software under the terms of the GNU General Public License.
The name “Gwyddion” is that of a prominent god of Welsh Mythology, see Gwydion

It is created for the analysis of height fields and other 2D (image) data. While it is primarily intended for data originating from scanning probe microscopy techniques (like AFM, MFM, STM, SNOM/NSOM), it may also be used for the analysis of profilometry data, for instance.
Data is calculated and stored in the native file format (.gwy) in double precision.

Gwyddion supports many different file types and performs many image-based functions. Among others it can open and save the following graphics file formats:
 Windows bitmap (.bmp)
 Joint Photographic Experts Group (.jpeg, .jpg, or .jpe)
 Portable Network Graphics (.png)
 TARGA (.tga)
 Tagged image file format (.tiff, .tif)
 Portable aNy Map (.pnm)

Technical features 
Quote from homepage of Gwyddion: 'Gwyddion uses a fairly general physical unit system, there are no principal limitations on the types of physical quantities data (and lateral dimensions) can represent. Units of slopes, areas, volumes, and other derived quantities are correctly calculated. SI unit system is used whenever possible.

Tools and other dialogs remember their parameters, not only between tool invocations during one session, but also between sessions. Gwyddion native file format (.gwy) supports saving all data specific settings: false color palette, masks, presentations, selections, associated 3D view parameters, graphs associated with that data and their settings, etc.'

Gwyddion is mainly developed on Linux platform using GNU set of compilers and utilities. Its graphical user interface is based on the popular interface toolkit GTK+.

Availability and versions 
It is available for Linux platforms and has been ported to other unix flavors that has support the GNU Autotools or its equivalent. The Windows version is slightly incomplete due to limitations of the platform, but supports nearly all major features. The Mac OS version can be built using Xcode, and some pre-built binaries are available.

Apple Darwin, or OpenDarwin is the only major platform Gwyddion has not been thoroughly tested on. Gwyddion program could also be ported to other branches of the BSD operating system.

References

External links 

 
 

GNOME Applications
Free science software
Science software that uses GTK
Science software for Linux