omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
George Haden. George Haden (1788–1856) was a British engineer, inventor and holder of several patents relating to woollen milling and warm-air heating. He is most known for the design of heating systems for Wilton House, the Houses of Parliament, the British Museum Reading Room and in 1826, at the request of King George IV, Windsor Castle.

Early life

Haden was born into a family of engineers; his father (also named George) was associated with the Birmingham Soho Foundry of Matthew Boulton and James Watt. Haden and his brothers, John and James, followed him into this industry. Having completed his apprenticeship in 1809, Haden was first sent to Scotland and the north of England to supervise the installation of steam engines. In 1814 he was sent to the south-west of England to install machinery for the new industry of woollen-milling and his first assignment was for J&T Clark at their mill in Trowbridge, Wiltshire. He was a success and was soon joined by his wife, Anne Nelson, whom he married in 1816, and brother James.

Career

At some point, which is not documented, Haden moved from dealing with steam engines to devising and installing warm-air heating systems. The first mention of this interest appears in a letter he wrote in 1816, the year he started his company, G & J Haden, with his brother James. He began to manufacture stoves and cooking ovens in Trowbridge around 1819. For Jeffry Wyattville's refurbishment of Windsor Castle, King George IV engaged Haden in 1826 to design and install the new heating system. By 1830, Haden had gained a reputation for this and his London installations, and his order book of the time shows work for the Earl of Pembroke at Wilton House. The heating system installed at Erddig House in North Wales remains in place on the lower ground floor. 

In 1834 Haden joined the Institution of Civil Engineers, his membership certificate being signed by the Chairman Thomas Telford, and was a member until his death. He was granted several patents relating to the woollen industry, and in 1842, one in relation to his heating systems.

Legacy
By the start of the 20th century, Haden's company had become one of the largest heating and ventilating companies in England. In 1980, Haden Young Building Services Ltd became part of the Balfour Beatty Group.

References

External links
 Haden - the Victorian Family and Firm in Trowbridge at hevac-heritage.org
 Dinton House Nr Wilton Wiltshire at hevac-heritage.org

English engineers
19th-century British inventors
1788 births
1856 deaths
People from Trowbridge
Time-hopping. Time-hopping (TH) is a communications signal technique which can be used to achieve anti-jamming (AJ) or low probability of intercept (LPI). It can also refer to pulse-position modulation, which in its simplest form employs 2k discrete pulses (referring to the unique positions of the pulse within the transmission window) to transmit k bit(s) per pulse.

Details
To achieve LPI, the transmission time is changed randomly by varying the period and duty cycle of the pulse (carrier) using a pseudo-random sequence. The transmitted signal will then have intermittent start and stop times. Although often used to form hybrid spread-spectrum (SS) systems, TH is strictly speaking a non-SS technique. Spreading of the spectrum is caused by other factors associated with TH, such as using pulses with low duty cycle having a wide frequency response. An example of hybrid SS is TH-FHSS or hybrid TDMA (time division multiple access).

See also 
Spread spectrum
Frequency-hopping spread spectrum
Direct-sequence spread spectrum
Ultra-wideband

References

External links 
 "Time hopping and frequency hopping in ultrawideband systems"

Channel access methods
Wireless locating
Teledyne Ryan Scarab. The Teledyne Ryan Model 324 Scarab is a jet-powered reconnaissance UAV developed in the United States in the 1980s for sale to Egypt. The Scarab is a medium-range reconnaissance asset, similar in operational concept to the old Ryan FireFly UAVs, but implemented with improved technology. It was designed to Egyptian Air Force requirements, and was first flown in 1988. 56 were delivered and the type remains in service. It is a neat UAV with low-midbody-mounted swept wings, a twin-fin tail, and a rear-mounted Teledyne CAE 373-8C turbojet engine with the intake on the rear spine of the UAV. Launch is by RATO booster, and recovery by parachute. The aircraft's guidance is pre-programmed, but a radio-control backup system is provided.

Specifications

References
This article contains material that originally came from the web article Unmanned Aerial Vehicles by Greg Goebel, which exists in the Public Domain.

1980s United States military reconnaissance aircraft
Unmanned aerial vehicles of the United States
Scarab
Oregon Bridge Delivery Partners. Oregon Bridge Delivery Partners (OBDP), a joint venture of HDR Engineering and Fluor Enterprises, is an engineering and project management company in the U.S. state of Oregon.  The company is under contract to the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) and its Highway Division to manage projects in the Oregon Transportation Investment Act III State Bridge Delivery Program, under which hundreds of bridges in Oregon will be repaired or replaced.

References

Oregon Department of Transportation – Oregon Transportation Investment Act – Oregon Bridge Delivery Partners

External links
Oregon Bridge Delivery Partners (official website)

Companies based in Salem, Oregon
Outsourcing in the United States
Engineering companies of the United States
Kamov Ka-37. The Kamov Ka-37 is an unmanned helicopter designed for aerial photography, television and radio broadcasting, delivery of medicines, food, mail, and emergency aid in disasters or hard and dangerous environments, and later several military roles. The aircraft uses coaxial rotors and a 45 kW engine. The operator may be located in a vehicle with monitors and flight controls, or with a simple hand-held radio controller.

Specifications

Engine power: 45 kW, (60 hp)
Max. take-off weight: 250 kg, (551 lb)
Economic cruising speed: 110 km/h, (68 mph) 
Hover ceiling: 2,500m, (1,553 ft) 
Range: 530 km, (329 mi)
Endurance: 45min
Payload: 50 kg, (110 lb)

References
 Bill Gunston "The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft", 2000
 Jane's Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Targets

External links

 www.janes.com
 www.fsdome.com

1990s Soviet and Russian civil utility aircraft
Kamov aircraft
1990s Soviet and Russian helicopters
Coaxial rotor helicopters
Unmanned aerial vehicles of Russia
Twin-tail aircraft
Aircraft with skid landing gear
Kamov Ka-40. The Kamov Ka-40 is reported to be a new anti-submarine helicopter based on the Ka-27 and has been under development since 1990.

Design and development
The design was based on and fit to replace the Ka-27 with a pointed streamlined nose. Reportedly powered by two 1,838 kW (2,465 shp) Klimov TVA-3000 turboshaft engines, driving a coaxial rotor system. The civil variant could carry a 7,000 kg (15,432 lb) underslung load, while the military naval variant can include an array of ASW weapons and electronics. Armament is expected to include APR-3 water-jet-propelled torpedoes and KAB-250PL guided depth charges.

Although the Ka-40 was proposed for several civil and military roles, development was suspended in 1998.

Specifications
(projected specs)
Capacity:  payload 
Engine: 2 x 1,838 kW (2,465shp) Klimov TVA-3000 turboshafts 
Normal Take-off weight: 12,500 kg (27,557 lb)
Max. take-off weight: 14,500 kg (31,967 lb)

References

 Jane's All the World's Aircraft

External links

 KAMOV Ka-40 (Russian Federation), AIRCRAFT - ROTARY-WING - MILITARY　page on janes.com
 helis.com

1990s Russian anti-submarine aircraft
Kamov aircraft
Anti-submarine helicopters
Coaxial rotor helicopters
Abandoned military aircraft projects of Russia
1990s Soviet and Russian helicopters
Twin-tail aircraft
Aircraft with fixed quad landing gear
Soviet ship Akademik Sergey Korolyov. The Akademik Sergey Korolyov () was a space control-monitoring ship or Vigilship (Veladora)  constructed in 1970 to support the Soviet space program. Named after Sergey Korolyov, the ship also conducted upper atmosphere and outer space research.

The Akademik Sergey Korolyov was a part of a fleet of communications ships. These ships greatly extended the tracking range when the orbits of cosmonauts and unmanned missions were not within range of Soviet land-based tracking stations. The ship mainly operated in the Atlantic Ocean monitoring spacecraft trajectory and telemetry data as well as guaranteeing a communications link with the cosmonauts.

The ship had about 1200 accommodations, including 79 laboratories, in which 188 scientific workers performed their duties.

In 1975, the ship was a part of the Soviet-American Apollo–Soyuz joint test program.

The ship was also utilized in a joint US and Soviet research project studying links between the ocean and various atmospheric gasses.

The ship was sold for scrapping and renamed OROL, arriving at Alang on 18 August 1996.

See also 
 , another Soviet satellite tracking ship
 , another Soviet satellite tracking ship
 List of ships of Russia by project number

References

External links 
 A. Karpenko, ABM and Space Defense, Nevsky Bastion, No. 4, 1999, pp. 2–47, Federation of American Scientists (Online)

Auxiliary ships of the Soviet Navy
Maritime vessels related to spaceflight
Ships of the Soviet space program
Ships built at the Black Sea Shipyard
Sergei Korolev
1970 ships
Ships built in the Soviet Union
Peter Wells (medical physicist). Peter Neil Temple Wells (19 May 1936 in Bristol, England – 22 April 2017) was a British medical physicist who played a major role in the application of ultrasound technology in medicine.

Education
Wells was educated at Birmingham College of Advanced Technology and the University of Bristol where he was awarded his PhD in 1966.

Career and research
Wells has made a number of notable contributions to the application of engineering and physics in medicine. He is the originator and developer of instruments for ultrasonic surgery and ultrasonic power measurement, as well as the two-dimensional, articulated-arm ultrasonic general purpose scanner and the water-immersion ultrasonic breast scanner.

He demonstrated ultrasonic-pulsed Doppler range gating, and was the discoverer of the ultrasonic Doppler signal characteristic of malignant tumour neovascularisation. He investigated ultrasonic bioeffects and formulated ultrasonic safety guidelines and conditions for prudent use of ultrasonic diagnosis.

Wells has led multidisciplinary studies of ultrasonic diagnosis and made major contributions to the advancement of light transmission, electrical impedance and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, as well as to interventional telepresence. He also proposed a novel philosophy of medical imaging. In the early part of the 21st century, he was developing ultrasonic Doppler and phase-insensitive tomography.

Honours and awards
1983 Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering
2003 Fellow of the Royal Society
2006 Duddell Medal and Prize
2009 Appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2009 New Year Honours. 
Founding Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales
2013 Royal Medal from the Royal Society
2014 Sir Frank Whittle Medal

References

External links 
 

1936 births
2017 deaths
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Fellows of the Royal Society
Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Fellows of the Learned Society of Wales
Fellows of the Academy of Medical Sciences (United Kingdom)
History of medical ultrasonography
Medical doctors from Bristol
Medical physicists
Royal Medal winners
AirLaunch. AirLaunch was an aerospace design and development company headquartered in Kirkland, Washington. They had hoped to  provide launch services for launching payloads into orbits around the Earth. This was to be realized through a method called air launch where a rocket is carried to high altitude by an aircraft and then released for launch. The rocket engine is then ignited to launch the rocket (with its payload) into a low Earth orbit (LEO).

The principal advantage of a rocket being launched by a high flying airplane is that it need not fly through the low, dense atmosphere, the drag of which requires a considerable amount of extra work and thus mass of propellant.  Another advantage is to precisely launch a payload into any orbital inclination at any time, and from a much wider variety of geographic launch locations.

Falcon Small Launch Vehicle
On June 14, 2006, the firm, in a DARPA sponsored test, dropped a  dummy payload from the back of a C-17, a record-setting drop for the aircraft type. Airlaunch subsequently carried out upper stage propulsion development for the QuickReach orbital launch vehicle.  The QuickReach vehicle is part of the Air Force and DARPA Falcon Small Launch Vehicle Program.

Conclusion of Falcon SLV program 
According to a DARPA document dated Oct 2008, the QuickReach phase 2C test firings were completed, and DARPA has concluded its SLV program.
AirLaunch subsequently ceased operations in November 2008.

References

External links 

Private spaceflight companies
Space access
Aerospace companies of the United States
Defunct companies based in Washington (state)
Defunct spaceflight companies
KLN College of Information Technology. KLN College of Information Technology is the co-educational engineering college in Madurai, started in 2001 by the Sourashtra Community which is a linguistic minority in Tamil Nadu. The college is sponsored by a committee of industrialists and academics, led by Thiru. K.L.N. Krishnan. The college is approved by the All India Council for Technical Education, New Delhi, and is affiliated to Anna University, Chennai.

Location and infrastructure
KLN College of Information Technology is situated on the eastern outskirts of Madurai,  on the Madurai - Nedungulam Road, Near Pottapalayam. The college is adjacent to the KLN College of Engineering. The campus has a multi-storied library with video facilities, air-conditioned computer laboratories, computer systems, multimedia, and scanners. There are laboratories, an engineering drawing hall, staff and students room, and a canteen.

Placement
The placement department provides job placement services, in-industry training of previous year students, and the final year projects for all the Engineering UG and PG courses under Government organizations and corporate bodies. Personality Development programs are available for the students.

Other Group Colleges
 KLN College of Engineering and Technology.
 KLN Polytechnic College.
 KLN B.Ed. College.

External links
 KLN College of Information Technology

Engineering colleges in Tamil Nadu
Colleges in Madurai
Science and technology in Madurai
Colleges affiliated to Anna University
Educational institutions established in 2001
2001 establishments in Tamil Nadu
Type 61 25 mm AAA gun. The Type 61 25 mm AAA gun is an anti-aircraft gun produced and used by China. It is manually operated by a single crew with an optical sight. The development began in 1961 and the batch production began in 1966.  There were both land based and naval variants produced.

Users
Ship classes using the Type 61:

Beihai class gunboat
Type 010 minesweepers
Type 021-class missile boat
Type 024 missile boat
Type 037 corvette
Type 062 class gunboat
Type 648 repair ship
Type 067 landing craft utility
Type 072 landing ship
Type 074 landing ship
Type 074 landing ship medium
Type 073 landing ship medium
Type 079 landing ship medium

See also
M1940 (72-K) - The Type 61's Soviet predecessor.

References

External links
TYPE 61 (DUAL-25MM) SHIPBOARD ANTI-AIRCRAFT ARTILLERY

Naval anti-aircraft guns
Anti-aircraft guns of China
Autocannon
25 mm artillery
Naval weaponry of the People's Republic of China
Naval guns of China
Republika Power Plant. Republika Power Plant () is a power plant situated near the city of Pernik, western Bulgaria. It has an installed capacity of 180 MW. There is a €6,500,000 reconstruction plan undergoing for the fifth generator. The plant suffered damage during the 2012 Pernik earthquake, with one of its cooling towers partially collapsing, leading to a reduced capacity. The tower was later demolished, as evidenced by Google Maps satellite images.

See also

 Energy in Bulgaria

References

External links
Republika TPP is undergoing reconstruction

Coal-fired power stations in Bulgaria
Buildings and structures in Pernik Province
Pernik
Brownleeite. Brownleeite is a silicide mineral with chemical formula MnSi. It was discovered by researchers of the Johnson Space Center in Houston while analyzing the Pi Puppid particle shower of the comet 26P/Grigg-Skjellerup. The only other known natural manganese silicide is mavlyanovite, Mn5Si3.

Overview 
The particles were collected from the stratosphere over south-western US in April 2003 using an ER-2 high-altitude research aircraft of NASA. The team of researchers from US, Germany and Japan was led by NASA scientist Keiko Nakamura-Messenger.

To determine the mineral's origin and examine other dust materials, a new transmission electron microscope was installed in 2005 at Johnson Space Center.

The mineral name was approved by the International Mineralogical Association (IMA Number 2008-011).  The NASA scientists named the mineral after Donald E. Brownlee, professor of astronomy at the University of Washington, Seattle, because of his pioneering research on interplanetary dust particles.

See also 
 Comet dust

References

External links 
 

Manganese(IV) minerals
Native element minerals
Cubic minerals
Minerals in space group 198
Minerals described in 2010
PKP class EU20. The EU20 is an electric locomotive type formerly operated by the Polish State Railways (PKP) in Poland.

History
In production for a mere three years (1955–1958), the series was built at the Lokomotivbau Elektrotechnische Werke works — commonly shortened to LEW — in Hennigsdorf, East Germany. During this time, 34 units were produced with the intention for use as a mixed-traffic locomotive – hence its EU designation – though the reality is that the EU20 saw more use as a freight locomotive than a passenger one. EU20s were the first electric locomotives to be used on the route between Warsaw and Silesia.

The class gained notoriety for its frequent breakdowns due to overheating of resistors, and the lack of additional cooling facilities found in other locomotives.

Technical data
Mechanically, the EU20 was identical to the earlier EU04 (also built by LEW), sharing the same traction engines, rectifiers, and gas compressors.

Operational history
During the series' 26-year service, most units were assigned to the Piotrków Trybunalski depot. EU20s were withdrawn over a 6-year period, beginning in 1976, with the last locomotive being withdrawn in 1981.

Preservation
EU20-24 has been preserved as an exhibit at the Warsaw Railway Museum, and is the only surviving example from the series.

References

External links

Lokomotywa elektryczna EU20-24 - stacjamuzeum.pl 

Railway locomotives introduced in 1955
Co′Co′ locomotives
Polish State Railways electric locomotives
Standard gauge locomotives of Poland
LEW locomotives
Co′Co′ electric locomotives of Europe
Wim Richter. Paul Wilhelm Richter (23 May 1946 – 18 February 2019) was a South African chemist and principal researcher involved in bioceramic research activities. He is most widely known for his development of the bioceramic hydroxyapatite orbital implant.

Richter completed his BSc degree studies in Chemistry at the University of Pretoria in 1967, followed by an MSc in chemistry in 1969. His PhD was obtained through the University of South Africa in 1971.

Richter worked as a research scientist at the CSIR in Pretoria, South Africa since 1970. His areas of involvement included solid-state chemistry (structure - property - processing - performance relationship), x-ray diffraction, high pressure phase studies, thermal analysis, magnetic materials, crystal growth, ferroelectricity, injection moulding, rapid prototyping and ceramic processing.

In December 2019 a public memorial garden was created for Dr Richter in Mowbray, Cape Town.

Major works
Richter's career in research and development in the field of ceramics, and more recently on Bioceramics for medical applications, culminated in the successful development and commercialism of the Eyeborn orbital implant. Eyeborn is a hydroxyapatite orbital implant used to replace the eyeball of a patient who has lost an eye. A prosthetic eye cap is fitted on the front of the Eyeborn implant, restoring the patient's appearance and improving his quality of life.

The key innovation for the implant is the ease with which it integrates with the eye socket tissue, giving the artificial eye natural movement. This product was launched and introduced to the eye specialist community during the annual international conference of the Ophthalmological Society of Southern Africa at Sun City in February 2004 and is being sold commercially in SA and abroad and has been recognized by international awards.

Notable publications
 Aug-1999, "Macroporous hydroxyapatite bioceramics by solid freeform fabrication: towards custom implants" Richter, PW; Thomas, ME; Van Deventer, T
 Aug-1999, Novel combination of reverse engineering and vapid prototyping in medicine  Schenker, R; De Beer, DJ; Du Preez, WB; Thomas, ME; Richter, PW
 Aug-1999, Macroporous synthetic hydroxyapatite bioceramics for bone substitute applications  Thomas, ME; Richter, PW; Van Deventer, T; Crooks, J; Ripamonti, U
 Jul-2006, Eyeborn – restored quality of life for the visually impaired  Du Preez, WB; Richter, PW; Hope, D; Kotze, CP
 Nov-2006, Product development lessons from the Eyeborn experience   Du Preez, WB; Richter, PW; Hope, D

References

University of Pretoria alumni
University of South Africa alumni
South African scientists
1946 births
2019 deaths
Zero Gravity Research Facility. The Zero Gravity Research Facility at the NASA Glenn Research Center, in Cleveland, Ohio, is a unique facility designed to perform tests in a reduced gravity environment. It has successfully supported research for United States crewed spacecraft programs and numerous uncrewed projects. The facility uses vertical drop tests in a vacuum chamber to investigate the behavior of systems, components, liquids, gases, and combustion in microgravity.

The facility consists of a concrete-lined shaft,  in diameter, that extends  below ground level. A steel vacuum chamber,  in diameter and  high, is contained within the concrete shaft. The pressure in this vacuum chamber is reduced to 13.3 pascals (1.3 atm) before use.  Test equipment is typically mounted in a cylindrical container, and has a maximum weight of .  Equipment dropped in the chamber experiences microgravity for about 5.15 seconds before landing in a deceleration cart filled with expanded styrofoam beads; it typically experiences 32g during deceleration, but may range up to 65g.

The service building at the top of the shaft contains a shop area, control room, and a clean room. Assembly, servicing, and balancing of the experiment vehicle are accomplished in the shop area. Tests are conducted from the control room, which contains controls for the "pump down" of the vacuum chamber, the experiment vehicle pre-drop checkout, release and the data retrieval system.

History
The Zero Gravity Research Facility was built in 1966 as part of NASA's Centaur upper-stage rocket development program.  In order to ensure proper firing and functioning of upper-stage rockets, NASA needed to understand the behavior of fluids (importantly, the liquid gases fueling the rockets), in the reduced gravity where they would fire.  The facility was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1985 for its role in the early space program.

References

External links

Zero Gravity Research Facility

Buildings and structures in Cleveland
Glenn Research Center
Buildings and structures completed in 1966
National Historic Landmarks in Ohio
National Register of Historic Places in Cleveland, Ohio
Weightlessness