Spanish frigate Reina Sofía. Reina Sofía (F84) is the fourth of six Spanish-built s of the Spanish Navy. The Santa María class is based on the American  design, providing an anti-air warfare platform with anti-submarine and anti-surface warfare capabilities at a reduced cost. Reina Sofía was constructed by Bazan and was laid down on 12 October 1987 and launched on 19 July 1989. The ship was commissioned in 1990 and has seen service in the Mediterranean Sea and off Somalia.

Design and description

The Santa María class are a series of six guided missile frigates based on the American . The Oliver Hazard Perry class had been conceived as a way to reduce unit costs while maintaining an anti-air warfare (AAW) platform with anti-submarine (ASW) and anti-surface warfare capabilities. The Oliver Hazard Perry class came in two forms, the short-hulled and long-hulled, with the Santa María class being of the later with additional beam to allow for more top weight for future modifications. The class came in two batches, with the first four being of batch one and the final two of the second. The first batch of ships have a displacement of  light,  standard and  at full load. The second batch have the same light and standard displacements, with a full load displacement of . The frigates measure  long overall and  at the waterline with a beam of  and a standard draught of  and a maximum draught at the sonar dome of . The ships have a complement of 223 sailors including 13 officers.

The Santa María class is propelled by a controllable pitch propeller powered by two General Electric LM2500 gas turbines creating , giving the vessels a maximum speed of . The frigates stow  of fuel and have a range of  at  or  at . The ships have four 1,000 kW Kato-Allison 114-DOOL diesel generator sets creating a total of 4,000 kW. These can power two  retractable, rotatable auxiliary propulsion motors. The vessels have fin stabilisers fitted.

Armament and sensors
Frigates of the Santa María class are armed with a single-armed Mk 13 missile launcher serviced by a 40-round magazine that can handle 32 SM-1MR anti-air/ship missiles and 8 Harpoon anti-ship missiles. The Harpoon missiles have a range of  at Mach 0.9 carrying a  warhead. The SM-1R missiles have a range of  at Mach 2. The vessels also mount a single OTO Melara /62 calibre naval gun capable of firing 85 rounds per minute up to  with each shell carrying a  warhead. For AAW defence, the ships mount a single Meroka /120 12-barrelled close-in weapons system (CIWS) capable of firing 3,600 rounds per minute up to . For ASW, the frigates are armed with two triple-mounted Mark 32 torpedo tubes for  Mod 5 Mark 46 torpedoes.

The vessels are equipped with AN/SPS-49(V)5 2-D air search radar, RAN-12L (being replaced by RAN-30) 2-D low horizon air search radar for the Meroka CIWS, SPS-55 surface search radar and a Mk 92 fire-control radar. For ASW, the ships have SQS-56 sonar, SQR-19(V)2 towed array. For weapons fire control, they have Mk 13 weapons control, Mk 92 and SPG-60 STIR missile control, SQQ-89 ASW systems. For electronic warfare they have Nettunel Mk-3000 intercept, a SLQ-25 Nixie towed torpedo decoy, and Mk36 SROC decoy launchers.

Aircraft
As long-hulled versions of the Oliver Hazard Perry class, the Santa María-class frigates have twin hangars to accommodate up to two Sikorsky SH-60B Seahawk Light Airborne Multi-Purpose System (LAMPS) III helicopters though only one is usually embarked. The helicopter deck, located aft, is equipped with the RAST helicopter deck-handling system designed to handle LAMPS helicopters.

Construction and career 
After delays in the program caused by the construction of the aircraft carrier , construction of Reina Sofía was approved in 1985 and the ship was ordered on 19 June 1986. Laid down on 12 October 1987 by Bazan at Ferrol, Spain, the frigate was launched on 19 July 1989. The vessel was intended to be named America but was renamed Reina Sofía, after Queen Sofía of Spain. The ship was commissioned on 18 October 1990.

On the 200th anniversary of the Battle of Trafalgar in 2005 Reina Sofía participated in a procession alongside the  and  at the site of the battle.

In 2016, the ship participated in migrant rescue operations in the Mediterranean Sea. Reina Sofía also participated in training missions in the Mediterranean with the Egyptian Navy. In May 2023 Reina Sofía was deployed off the coast of East Africa in order to evacuate civilians after an escalation in violence in Sudan. The frigate evacuated 162 civilians of different nationalities from within the European Union from Sudan to Saudi Arabia.

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References 

 
 
 

Frigates of the Spanish Navy
1989 ships
Santa María-class frigates