omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Poclain. Poclain is a French agricultural machinery company. It was founded by the engineer Georges Bataille (not to be confused with the writer Georges Bataille) in France in 1927, then developed by his sons Pierre and Claude Bataille, with help from Jacques and Bernard Bataille. It was originally called Ateliers de Poclain and operated out of Le Plessis-Belleville.
 

Poclain produced excavators, and was a leader on the French and world market thanks to a revolutionary hydraulic motor. The Batailles were forced to sell the company to Case in 1974, an American company, which then took over completely in 1987, leaving them (the Batailles) only the hydraulics division, which is still trading today.

Poclain makes radial piston hydraulic motors, which are mostly used in industrial and off highway vehicles.

History
The company started in the excavator business in 1948 in France, when they built a loader unit on a Dodge 4x4 chassis, followed by a hydraulic excavator, the TU, in 1951. This was built on a two-wheeled trailer and powered from the towing tractor. Over 1000 were sold before a new design was introduced in 1956, the TO. By 1961 they had sold over 400 units, and moved into the German market, the TY and TYA being introduced that year. The German firm O&K also introduced the RH5, their first hydraulic machine, in 1961.

The TY45, a revolutionary design, was also introduced in 1961. This machine featured a full 360 deg rotating excavator on a three-wheeled tricycle undercarriage. Over the next 21 years of production 30,000 were built.

Company president Pierre Bataille led an early diversification with a move into mobile cranes with the creation of PPM in 1965, and later into hydraulic components. Diversification also led to international marketing agreements; with Poclain machines were being manufactured in Argentina, Czechoslovakia, India, Japan, and Korea. At this time, manufacturing subsidiaries were also set up in Brazil and Mexico.

In 1975 an agreement between Poclain and Volvo initiated production in France and Germany while Volvo would distribute Poclain products in Scandinavia and Austria.

In the 1970s they expanded rapidly, taking over various supplier companies to gain control of supply, but a recession obliged them to sell 40% to Case of America in 1977 who were looking to expand their construction equipment division (CE). Case assumed responsibility for distribution of Poclain products in the USA and Canada. In 1980 production of Poclain machines began in America. By 1987 Case had 98.7% control, leaving the family with the hydraulics company.

References

External links 

 

Construction equipment manufacturers of France
French brands
CNH Industrial
French companies established in 1927
RoboBOARD/FX. RoboBOARD/FX was the third generation Bulletin Board System hosting package released by Hamilton TeleGraphics Inc of Canada, programmed by owner Seth Hamilton in 1993.  It was the follow-up to ROBO-BOARD Pro and ROBO-BOARD Plus which first utilized groundbreaking Remote Imaging Protocol developed by TeleGrafix Communications, which was also known as RIPscrip.

At a time where most BBS software was entirely text-based, with some using color ANSI art for welcome screens, and their menu prompts as color text,  RoboBOARD started a revolution. It was the first fully graphical BBS system with iconic navigation, punchy bitmaps, and vector fonts, all at a time when ultra-fast high-speed modems were barely clocking 2400 bit/s.

RoboBOARD/FX improved upon that advancement, by creating a terminal program/hosting package that provided a familiar looking graphical user interface for DOS, complete with dragging windows, clicking buttons, scrollbars, pop up dialogue boxes and templates. In this GUI environment RoboBOARD/FX supported graphics modes of up to 1024 x 768 in 16/256 SVGA color.  One of the biggest improvements RoboBOARD/FX brought into the BBS world was it built-in photographic capabilities, which allowed a BBS to display images to its users in real-time, without requiring a pre-download.  

These innovations allowed small, independent BBS operators to offer a service that looked very much like the large commercial online services, such as America Online and CompuServe.  Unfortunately this came at about the same time when the World Wide Web exploded onto the scene, and many BBS systems shut down as their operators started Internet Service Providers (ISPs) instead.  NCSA Mosaic released also in 1993 gave users color and graphics by displaying HTML, which was open-source, unlike the commercial only RoboBOARD/FX.

External links 

Bulletin board system software
DOS software
Astus 16.1. The Astus 16.1 is a 16 ft (5.1m) trimaran dinghy aimed at family day sailing. Its design has been optimised for simplicity of use: the traditional centreboard on the main hull has been replaced by foils built in each float (see picture).

Construction
The Astus 16.1 is built in glass reinforced polyester (GRP) covered with white gelcoat. The cockpit floor has a honeycomb core, offering rigidity and durability.
The floats are mounted on telescopic tubes and can be extended or folded on shore or on the water, making it possible to use narrow split ways or monohull marina berths.

Cockpit:
The cockpit of the Astus 16.1 is large enough to accommodate 5 adults. The cockpit floor is flat and free from centreboard well or any other gear.

Spars:
The Astus 16.1 is equipped with a rotating mast without spreaders. The main sail is loose-footed (no boom).

Sails:
The Astus 16.1 is equipped with a dacron furling jib and dacron mainsail as standard. The mainsail is fully battened and has one reef as standard, and a second reef can be specified as a factory option. The jib comes quite low on deck and can obscure forward visibility. A clear PVC window in the jib is available as a factory option. A furling gennaker is available as an option.

Trailer:
The trailer offered as an option with the Astus 16.1 has a split beam and tilting rollers and is fitted with a winch to facilitate launching and recovering.

Sailing categories
The Astus 16.1 falls into the following sailing categories:

Dayboat
Dayboats are boats of small to medium size aimed at short sailing trips in inland or coastal waters. They are sometimes equipped with a cabin of moderate size, making sleeping possible for weekend trips. The cabin of the Astus 16.1 is too small to accommodate a berth but provides useful storage for personal belongings and sailing gear.

Trailer sailer
Trailer Sailers are boats small and light enough to be towed by ordinary cars. Their width (beam) is constrained by road regulations. In Europe, to be towable on the road the width of the boat and trailer must not exceed 2.55m. The maximum weight is determined by the towing capacity of the towing vehicle and by the type of driving license.
Folding trimarans are particularly well suited as trailer sailers because their narrow width with folded floats makes them towable on the road whilst their wide beam with floats extended makes them stable and safe on the water. Furthermore, the absence of ballast makes them considerably lighter than a keelboat of similar size (240 kg for the Astus 16.1 compared to 800 kg for a 16 ft keelboat). Heavier boats require a stronger and heavier road trailer, making the towing weight even greater.

Suitability for trekking

Pros
Small cabin offers storage and protection for small children
Light weight
Vast cockpit and trampolines

Cons
No cockpit locker

Specifications

See also
List of multihulls
Astus 14.1
Astus 20.1
Multihull
Trimaran

External links
Astus Trimarans
Images Gallery of Astus Trimarans from Nouvelle Generation Voile

Trimarans
Sliding door operator. A sliding door operator (or sliding door opener or automatic sliding door operator) is a device that operates a sliding door for pedestrian use. It opens the door automatically, waits, then closes it.

Uses 
Sliding door operators are typically used on the outside doors of large retail businesses. (smaller retail businesses prefer swing door operators.) They are also used in elevators (lifts).

Triggering 
A door operator may be triggered in various ways:
 Approach Sensor (such as a radar sensor) - the door opens when a user approaches it.
 Pushbutton - the door opens when a user presses a button.
 Access control - the door opens when an access control system determines the user is authorized to go through.
 Automatically (in the case of elevators).
A trigger from any of the above requests that the door be opened (or reopened if it was closing).

Safety sensors 
Sensors can be used to detect obstacles in the path of closing doors. The simplest sensor consists of a light beam aimed across the opening: when the beam is broken by an obstacle, the operator prevents the door from closing. Infrared and radar safety sensors are also commonly used.

Other sensors such as resistance-sensing motors can be used to reverse the closing action of the door after an obstacle is encountered.

Technology
The operator is placed in the space above the sliding door. 

An electric motor, geared down to get a lower speed and a higher torque, drives a pulley at one end of a belt. The door is clamped to the belt. To open the door, the motor turns the pulley, which in turn turns the belt, which in turn drags the door. To close the door, the reverse occurs.

Historically, elevator doors were opened using simple harmonic motion by a set of mechanical linkages; the motor, geared down, would rotate linked arms, which in turn would drive the door.

Types
There are several types of sliding doors, these are:

 Standard sliding door (single wing or double wings)
 Telescopic sliding door (two wings or four wings) 
 Circular sliding door (segment circular, semi-circular or full circular)
 Sliding folding door (two wings or four wings)
 Hermetic sliding door (single wing or double wings)
 Clean room sliding door (single wing or double wings)

External links 
Overview of ANSI standards 
PIR Sensor based Automatic Door Opener Project
Electromechanical engineering
Door automation
Kılıç-class fast attack craft. The Kılıç class is one of the fast attack craft / missile boat classes of the Turkish Navy. It is defined as a corvette by Lürssen Werft, the German designer of the vessel.

The ship has a specially developed superstructure & mast for low radar cross-section. It is suitable for operating in the open seas and under bad weather conditions, with the ability to cruise at speeds of up to  in Sea State 5.

The first batch of three ships are designated Kılıç I, and the second batch of six ships are designated Kılıç II. 

P-330 Kılıç was built in Germany, and the other ships of the class were built in Turkey.

See also
 List of Turkish Navy ships

References

External links
 Official Turkish Navy site
 Turkish Navy Kılıç class patrol craft

Missile boat classes
Missile boats of the Turkish Navy
Corvettes of the Turkish Navy
Astus 20.1. The Astus 20.1, built by Astusboats, is a 20 ft (6.1m) trimaran dinghy aimed at family day sailing, though its cabin offers basic cruising capability. Its multihull design offers speed and stability.

Construction
The Astus 20.1 is built in glass reinforced polyester (GRP) covered with white gelcoat. The cockpit floor has a honeycomb core, offering rigidity and durability.
The floats are mounted on telescopic tubes and can be extended or folded on shore or on the water, making it possible to use narrow split ways or monohull marina berths.

Cockpit:
The cockpit of the Astus 20.1 is large enough to accommodate 7 adults. The cockpit floor is flat and free from centreboard well or any other gear. The cockpit coamings offer good protection for children.

Spars:
The Astus 20.1 mast has one pair of spreaders. The main sail attaches to a boom.

Sails:
The Astus 20.1 is equipped with a dacron furling jib and dacron mainsail as standard. The mainsail is fully battened and has one reef as standard, and a second reef can be specified as a factory option. A Pentex jib and mainsail can be specified for enhanced performance.
A furling gennaker and an asymmetrical spinnaker are available as options.

Trailer:
The trailer offered as an option with the Astus 20.1 has a split beam and tilting rollers and is fitted with a winch to facilitate launching and recovering.
Trailer Sailers are boats small and light enough to be towed by ordinary cars. Their width (beam) is constrained by road regulations. In Europe, to be towable on the road the width of the boat and trailer must not exceed 2.55m. The maximum weight is determined by the towing capacity of the towing vehicle and by the type of driving license.
Folding trimarans are particularly well suited as trailer sailers because their narrow width with folded floats makes them towable on the road whilst their wide beam with floats extended makes them stable and safe on the water. Furthermore, the absence of ballast makes them considerably lighter than a keelboat of similar size (375 kg for the Astus 20.1 compared to 1000 kg for a 20 ft keelboat). Heavier boats require a stronger and heavier road trailer, making the towing weight even greater.

Suitability for trekking

Pros
Small cabin with good headroom
Ample storage capacity in cabin and cockpit
Possibility for portable chemical toilet
Vast cockpit with coamings offers good protection

Cons
Narrow double berth

Specifications

See also
List of multihulls
Astusboats
Astus 14.1
Astus 16.1
Multihull
Trimaran

External links
Astus Trimarans
Images Gallery of Astus Trimarans from Nouvelle Generation Voile

Trimarans
BKL. BKL may mean:

 Cleveland Burke Lakefront Airport, Ohio, United States
 Big Kernel Lock, a Linux kernel mechanism
 Berik, by ISO 639-3 language code - see ISO 639:b
 BKL singularity, or Belinsky–Khalatnikov–Lifshitz singularity, a Universe evolution model
 Bickley railway station, by station code
 Bolshaya Koltsevaya line, a line of Moscow Metro
 British Kabaddi League, a sports league

See also
Optare Visionaire. The Optare Visionaire (introduced in 2006 as the East Lancs Visionaire, and branded the Darwen Visionaire between 2007 and 2008) is an open top double-decker bus body built by Optare. It is in terms of engineering an open top Olympus (itself a double-decker variant of the Esteem) in all but name. The Optare Visionaire was also built for tri-axle double-decker bus chassis.

History

The first orders were made in November 2006 by Arriva's The Original Tour for a £1.6 million order for ten, built on Volvo's B9TL Euro IV chassis. These all entered service and were the only order for the East Lancs Visionaire.

Acquisition by Darwen 
After East Lancs went into administration in 2007, the business was bought by the Darwen Group, and the East Lancs Visionaire was renamed the Darwen Visionaire. During this time, an order was received for a number of Visionaires.

An open top single-decker bus, the Panaire, was also offered at the time and none were built.

Reverse takeover by Optare 
Since the order for the Darwen Visionaires, Darwen Group performed a reverse takeover with Optare. Ten Optare Visionaires entered service on Big Bus Tours London tour. These were ordered in the Darwen period, but have been built under the new Optare name.  Therefore, no Visionaires were built under the Darwen name, despite orders being taken. Wilts & Dorset received 9 Visionaires for use on the Purbeck Breezer services linking Swanage with Wareham, Poole and Bournemouth. Today this operates under morebus.

See also
List of buses

References

Visionaire
Vehicles introduced in 2006
Open-top buses
Low-floor buses
Double-decker buses
Tri-axle buses
Merchant Ship Fighter Unit. The Merchant Ship Fighter Unit (MSFU) was a Royal Air Force operational aircraft unit based at RAF Speke, in south Liverpool, now Liverpool John Lennon Airport during World War II.  The role of the MSFU was to provide pilots, crews, support personnel and aircraft to operate from 35 merchant ships outfitted with a catapult on the bow, referred to as Catapult Aircraft Merchant ships (CAM ships), a stop-gap initiative to provide air support to convoys out of reach of land in the early part of the war when aircraft carriers were scarce. The aircraft operated by the MSFU were converted Mk1 Hawker Hurricanes that were near the end of their useful lives and were often Battle of Britain veterans. The alterations included catapult fixing points and the addition of a naval radio. The MSFU was formed at Speke on 5 May 1941 and provided detachments to the CAM ships, each vessel being equipped with one Sea Hurricane plus an RAF pilot and support crew.

The single catapult consisted of an eighty-five-foot rail, along which a trolley carrying a Hurricane (later Hurricats were used for this) would be propelled by a battery of three-inch rockets over a distance of sixty feet.  Using thirty-degree wing flaps, a pilot could make a successful takeoff while losing minimal height.

Most notable was the inability of the CAM ship to recover the aircraft, and as a result launches out of reach of land were one way flights that required the pilot to bail out or ditch in the sea when the aircraft's fuel was exhausted. While every effort was made to pick up the pilot, operational factors such as the convoy being under U-boat attack could mean that a ship may not be detached to pick up the pilot. On the convoys to Russia the low sea temperatures meant that the pilot had a low potential survival rate unless picked up very soon after landing in the sea.

Eventually CAM ships were replaced beginning in 1943 with the introduction into service of escort carriers.

CAM fighters were credited with seven kills and their presence was rumoured to discourage the Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor aircraft from pressing home attacks on convoys.

See also
Merchant aircraft carrier

References

Breuer, W. B. (2000) Secret Weapons of World War II.  Castle Books, New Jersey.  pp. 86–87.

Military history of Liverpool
Royal Air Force units
Hans Camenzind. Hans R. Camenzind (; 1 January 1934 – 8 August 2012) was an electronics engineer known for designing the 555 timer IC in 1971 under contract to Signetics. He was the inventor on 20 US patents. Camenzind also wrote three books and numerous technical articles, and lectured at the University of Santa Clara.

Background and education 

Camenzind was born and raised in Zürich, Switzerland, where he went to college. In 1960 he moved to the United States, first receiving an MSEE from Northeastern University and then an MBA from the University of Santa Clara. Camenzind taught circuit design in the morning, then attended classes at the same university at night working towards a Master's degree in Business Administration.

Career 
In 1962, Camenzind joined the Laboratory for Physical Science at P.R. Mallory in Burlington, Massachusetts.  After six years of research, Camenzind moved to California in 1968 to join Signetics, but two years later he felt Signetics "lost its way" and resigned to write a book.  He told them he didn't want to come back, and wanted to work as a consultant and independent designer, he proposed the 555 design in 1971.  He then started Interdesign, a semiconductor design company, which he headed for seven years before selling out to Ferranti. Following the sale of Interdesign, Camenzind became an independent analog IC design consultant.

During his career Camenzind designed the first integrated class D amplifier, introduced the IC phase-locked loop, invented the semicustom IC, and created the legendary 555 timer. By 2006, he had designed 140 standard and custom ICs, such as:
 Signetics LM555
 Signetics LM565
 Signetics LM566
 Signetics LM567
 Zetex Semiconductors ZSCT1555

Books 
Camenzind wrote three books and numerous technical articles. His last book, Much Ado About Almost Nothing, published in February 2007, is a general audience book about the history of electronics. Other books include, Designing Analog Chips and, under the pen name John Penter, he also wrote, Circumstantial Evidence, a book about religion.

References

External links
Designing Analog Chips official website
Wikipedia Page on analog Chips

interview by Transistor Gijutsu magazine (Japanese subtitled)

2012 deaths
Analog electronics engineers
Computer hardware engineers
Swiss electrical engineers
People from Zurich
Swiss emigrants to the United States
Swiss science writers
1934 births
20th-century Swiss inventors
Lünen Power Station. Lünen Power Station was a coal-fired power station in Germany. It was located in Lünen, in the district Unna. It had an output capacity of 500 megawatts. The first power station in Lünen was commissioned in 1938. The power station produced traction current since 1984 also. The power station also produced long-distance heating since late 2003. Annual coal consumption amounted to 960,000 tons. The operator of the power station was Evonik Industries. The power station's chimney was  high.

It was decommissioned in 2018 and, in 2019, the dismantlement process started. In 2021, the cooling tower, the chimney, the boiler house were demolished.

References 

Buildings and structures in Unna (district)
Coal-fired power stations in Germany
Spektrum RC. Spektrum is a brand of radio control systems designed for use with hobby radio-controlled cars and aircraft. Spektrum is a division of Horizon Hobby.

The R/C hobby in the United States, Japan, and Europe typically used to employ FM radio control in HF and VHF bands such as 27 MHz, 35 MHz, 49 MHz, and 72 MHz. Most manufacturers of radio gear (all non-toy manufacturers) now use the 2.4 GHz band for their transmitters and receivers. Spektrum systems are distinguished in that they use direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) technology on the 2.4 GHz ISM band. Spektrum refers to their technology as "Digital Spectrum Modulation."  Each transmitter has a globally unique identifier (GUID), to which receivers can be bound, ensuring that no transmitter will interfere with other nearby Spektrum DSMx systems. The Spektrum system is also one of the manufacturers which offers "Model Match" in which the receiver in a particular model can be bound to one and only one transmitter model definition. This prevents a user from flying their RC helicopter while the transmitter is still programmed for their RC airplane.

Spektrum is the original application of 2.4 GHz spread spectrum radio systems to radio control models. It was originally developed by Paul Beard.

Spektrum broke the run of twelve consecutive Readers' Choice Award by Radio Control Car Action for Best Transmitter achieved by one of its rivals, Airtronics with the DX4R in 2008 and has maintained its consecutive run since.
Bind-N-Fly is a model that is ready to fly or drive once bound to an existing compatible transmitter. Spektrum was instrumental in bringing this term and concept into mainstream RC model vocabulary.

References

External links
 

Radio-controlled transmitter
Triacetonamine. Triacetonamine is an organic compound with the formula OC(CH2CMe2)2NH (where Me = CH3).  It is a colorless or white solid that melts near room temperature.  The compound is an intermediate in the preparation of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, a sterically hindered base and precursor to the reagent called TEMPO.  Triacetonamine is formed by the poly-aldol condensation of acetone in the presence of ammonia and calcium chloride:
3 (CH3)2CO  +  NH3  →   OC(CH2CMe2)2NH  +  2 H2O

Reductive amination of triacetonamine gives 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine.

It is primarily used as a stabilizer for plastics, typically via its conversion to number of hindered amine light stabilizers, but also finds use as a chemical feedstock. It is used to prepare the hindered amine 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, CH2[CH2C(CH3)2]2NH, as well as the radical oxidizer 4-Hydroxy-TEMPO.

References

Piperidines
Cyclic ketones