omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
The Byte Works. The Byte Works, founded and run by Mike Westerfield, was a key player in the history of developer tools for Apple II computers. Its first product, the ORCA/M assembler (Object Relocatable Code Assembler for Microcomputers, and also MACRO spelled backwards), developed jointly by Westerfield and Phil Montoya, was a powerful assembly language development environment, complete with a Unix-style shell, which ran on 8-bit Apple II computers.

However, The Byte Works came into its own when Apple Computer was developing the Apple IIgs computer. In need of developer tools, they contacted The Byte Works and came to an agreement by which The Byte Works would develop the official developer tool suite for the Apple IIgs -- the Apple Programmer's Workshop (APW). This tool suite eventually would include an assembler as well as a C compiler.

The Byte Works was also able to distribute its own developer tool suite, based on the same code as APW. The ORCA/M assembler came first, followed by ORCA/Pascal, ORCA/C, and several other languages, including ORCA/Modula-2 and ORCA/Integer BASIC.

The Byte Works did produce software other than developer tools, although tools were their mainstay. The Quick Click Calc spreadsheet was an excellent spreadsheet for the Apple IIgs, although it arrived on the scene too late to have any major impact on the market.

An easy-to-use and very powerful BASIC interpreter called GSoft BASIC was also eventually released in the mid-1990s. With the ability to communicate with the Apple IIgs Toolbox, it could be used to produce powerful software with a minimum of effort.

The Byte Works ceased development of Apple II software in 2000 and licensed its entire product line to Syndicomm, which continues to publish its extensive library to this day. In 2015, this license was extended to Juiced.GS.

References

External links
Opus )(: The Software - Juiced.GS, is The Byte Works collection of every Apple II program ever released under the Byte Works label  that's 35 commercial applications and 16 unreleased applications!..

Defunct software companies of the United States
Software companies disestablished in 2000
NS Class 1600. The NS Class 1600 is a type of B′B′ electric locomotive built by Alstom between 1980 and 1983 based on the SNCF Class BB 7200, and in use by the Dutch Railways since 1981. They were styled by the French industrial designer Paul Arzens.

The Class 1600 was ordered in 1978, after several types of locomotives were tested in the 1970s. One of those was the SNCF BB 7200, on which the 1600 is based. The 58 locomotives were delivered between 1981 and 1983. As a result of their delivery, the old Class 1000 and Class 1500 units were taken out of service.

Thanks to the electronic power control, these locomotives were not only the most economical but also the most powerful locomotives that Dutch Railways had.

NS/Railion Class 1600
In 1999 the freight division of NS, NS Cargo, was sold to Deutsche Bahn became part of Railion as Railion Nederland. The locomotives that became the property of Railion kept their old number (1601–1637). No. 1637 was repainted red as an advertisement for the Dutch brewery Heineken and was repainted in NS Yellow in 2004.

Currently, Railion Nederland is looking to replace the Class 1600 locomotives with new multi-current locomotives type BR 189 from Germany. In early 2008 these started running into the Netherlands from Germany.

NS Class 1800
The locomotives that went to NS-Reizigers (1638–1658) had their numbers raised by 200, thus keeping their number but now in the 1800 series. In later years 10 more of the 1600 locomotives were sold to NS-Reizigers and subsequently renumbered to the 1800 series. The 1800 series was now 1823, 1824 and 1826 to 1858. Retaining the last 2 digits of their number. No. 1838 was involved in a heavy but non-fatal train crash at Amsterdam Central Station in 2005 and due to the extensive damage later scrapped.

Names 

All the 1600s and 1800s carry names & crests of Dutch towns and cities.

 a = These engines have been sold to Husa Transportation - Railway Services Nederland BV.
 l = These engines have been sold to Locon Benelux.
 h = This engine is on hire to the Bentheimer Eisenbahn AG.
 sp = Engine sold for spare parts to Shunter (maintenance company).
 t = These engines have been taken out of service and are not expected to return in service in the near future.
 † = These engines have been scrapped, due to an accident or because they were taken out of service.
 m = This engine is now part of the Railway Collection from the Railway Museum in Utrecht.

See also
Class 1700, similar to the 1600/1800 class. Some of the Class 1700 have automatic couplers (so they can quickly couple the NS DD-AR double-decker trains they are used for), which is missing on the 1600/1800 (which have never been used for these trains). The Class 1700 is a modernised version, is heavier than the 1600/1800, and has different (i.e. more modern) systems for braking and "Automatische Trein Beinvloeding ATB" (Automatic Train Control).

References

External links 

 Class 1600 Railfaneurope.net
 NS Reizigers Somda 

B′B′ locomotives
Alstom locomotives
1600
1500 V DC locomotives
Electric locomotives of the Netherlands
Standard gauge locomotives of the Netherlands
Railway locomotives introduced in 1981
Australian Defence Air Traffic System. Australian Defence Air Traffic System (ADATS) is the hardware and software system used by the Royal Australian Air Force for Air Traffic Control services.  It is a computer based system, which serves as an aid to Air Traffic Controllers.  It does not control aircraft, but gives the user a display of information about an aircraft's position and associated information.  It also handles communications and other information exchanges.

It is one of two systems in Australia, the other being The Australian Advanced Air Traffic System (TAAATS), which is used by Airservices Australia (civilians)

References

See also
Australian Air Traffic Control
The Australian Advanced Air Traffic System
Royal Australian Air Force

Military equipment of the Royal Australian Air Force
Air traffic control in Australia
Military air traffic control
Bonding jumper. A bonding jumper is a reliable conductor to ensure the required electrical conductivity between metal raceways required to be electrically connected.

Bonding
"Bonding" is a method by which all electrically conductive materials and metallic surfaces of equipment and structures, not normally intended to be energized, are effectively connected with a low impedance path to avoid any appreciable potential difference between any separate points. Bonding ensures that all surfaces accessible to a person are at the same potential, reducing the hazard of an electric shock. A bonded system is not necessarily connected to earth, for example, in an aircraft. 

The common way to effectively bond different metallic surfaces of enclosures, electrical equipment, pipes, tubes or structures together is with a copper conductor, rated lugs and appropriate bolts, fasteners or screws. Other bonding means between different metallic parts and pieces might employ brackets, clamps, exothermic bonds or welds to make effective connections.

Effectively bonded equipment can also safely conduct phase-to-ground fault currents, induced currents, surge currents, lightning currents or transient currents during abnormal conditions. Bonding jumpers must be sized to safely handle the anticipated fault current.

Applications
Rules for bonding jumper installation are given in electrical code regulations.  Typically, these require a jumper at any place where the continuity of a bonding system might be interrupted, for example, where metallic conduits join an enclosure through fittings that do not assure good electrical contact.   Some codes require a bonding jumper to be pulled into non-metallic conduit or in electrical metallic tubing that may be exposed to corrosion or mechanical damage. 

In North American electrical codes, an important bonding jumper is found in main electrical panels, where the system neutral conductor is connected to earth ground.  This must be done at only one point in each separately derived system to prevent flow of objectionable current in the earth. 

Bonding jumpers may be installed wherever metal parts are free to move on a hinge or bearing.  This is done for electrical safety grounding, static electricity protection, and may also be useful for control of electromagnetic interference.  For example, a control panel door may have a bonding jumper across the hinges so that the metal door is effectively connected to ground, since the hinges may not provide a reliable contact. 

Temporary bonding jumpers are used in the handling of flammable liquids and gases, so that static charge on a vehicle or portable tank does not ignite escaping gas.

References

Electricity
Back-to-back user agent. A back-to-back user agent (B2BUA) is a logical network element in Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) applications. SIP is a signaling protocol for managing multimedia Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) telephone calls. A back-to-back user agent operates between both end points of a communications session and divides the communication channel into two call legs, and mediates all SIP signaling between the endpoints of the session, from establishment to termination. As all control messages for each call flow through the B2BUA, a service provider may implement value-added features available during the call.

In the originating call leg, the B2BUA acts as a user agent server (UAS) and processes the request as a user agent client (UAC) to the destination end, handling the signaling between end points back-to-back. A B2BUA maintains complete state for the calls it handles. Each side of a B2BUA operates as a standard SIP user agent network element as specified in .

In addition to call management, a B2BUA may provide billing services, internetworking for protocol conversions, and hiding of network-internal topology and information.

B2BUAs are often implemented in media gateways to bridge the media streams, in addition to the signaling path, for full control over the session.

A signaling gateway, part of a session border controller, is an example of a B2BUA.

Call flow diagram
                        B2BUA           
   Alice                Server                 Bob
     |                    | |                    |
     |      INVITE     F1 | |                    |
     |------------------->| |                    |
     |    100 Trying   F2 | |                    |
     |<-------------------| |       INVITE    F3 |
     |                    | |------------------->|
     |                    | |    100 Trying   F4 |
     |                    | |<-------------------|
     |                    | |    180 Ringing  F5 |
     |   180 Ringing   F6 | |<-------------------|
     |<-------------------| |                    |
     |                    | |       200 OK    F7 |
     |      200 OK     F8 | |<-------------------|
     |<-------------------| |         ACK     F9 |
     |         ACK    F10 | |------------------->|
     |------------------->| |                    |
     |      RTP Media     | |      RTP Media     |
     |<==================>| |<==================>|
     |        BYE     F11 | |                    |
     |------------------->| |        BYE     F12 |
     |      200 OK    F13 | |------------------->|
     |<-------------------| |       200 OK   F14 |
     |                    | |<-------------------|
     |                    | |                    |

See also
Real-time Transport Protocol

References

Voice over IP
Telephony

cs:IMS
fr:IP Multimedia Subsystem
ru:B2BUA
Frostwork. In geology, frostwork is a type of speleothem (cave formation) with acicular ("needle-like") growths almost always composed of aragonite (a polymorph of calcite) or calcite replaced aragonite. It is a variety of anthodite. Frostwork can also be made of opal or gypsum. In some caves frostwork may grow on top of cave popcorn or boxwork.

In architecture frost-work or frostwork refers to a style of rustication carved with a vertically-oriented pattern evoking hanging pond-weed or algae, or icicles. It is mainly found in garden architecture, where water is to flow over or near the surface.  Other decorative arts may use the term for other decorative patterns imitating frost or ice.

Formation
The origin of frostwork is somewhat controversial. Formation of cave frostwork has been attributed to moist, circulating air which, containing dissolved calcium carbonate, drifted against rock surfaces and coated them with the delicate crystals.  Frostwork has also been attributed to water seepage from cave passageways in which there are relatively high evaporation rates.

Occurrence
Notable frostwork deposits are found in a number of caves in the Black Hills region of South Dakota, US, most notable in Wind Cave National Park and Jewel Cave National Monument and Timpanogos Cave in Utah. Perhaps the most extensive displays known are found in Lechuguilla Cave, New Mexico, US.

Gallery

References

External links
Wind Cave National Park: Speleothems
The Virtual Cave's page on aragonite and frostwork

Speleothems
Boxwork. In geology, boxwork is defined as a honeycomb-like structure that can form in some fractured or jointed sedimentary rocks. If the fractures in the host rock are mineralized, they can become more resistant to weathering than the surrounding rock, and subsequent erosion can produce boxwork structures.  In mining geology, boxwork is a set of (typically) quartz-lined cavities, retaining the shape of the dissolved ore minerals, in gossans.  In classical geology or mineralogy these mineral casts would not be called boxwork, but would instead be called pseudomorphs, or epimorphs. In cave geology, boxwork is an uncommon type of mineral structure, or speleogen (similar to a speleothem, but formed by erosion rather than accretion), occasionally found in caves and erosive environments.

Caves
According to KellerLynn, "Boxwork is a speleogen, forming when bedrock between preexisting calcite veins were preferentially weathered away as the cave developed."

Boxwork is commonly composed of thin blades of the mineral calcite that project from cave walls or ceilings that intersect one another at various angles, forming a box-like or honeycomb pattern.  The boxwork fins once filled cracks in the rock before the host cave formed.  As the walls of the cave began to dissolve away, the more resistant vein and crack fillings did not, or at least dissolved at a slower rate than the surrounding rock, leaving the calcite fins projecting from the cave surfaces.  

Some of the most extensive boxwork deposits in the world are found in Wind Cave, Wind Cave National Park in South Dakota, United States.  These boxwork deposits consist of calcite, along with manganese and dolomite that precipitated in fractured host limestone.  The limestone preferentially dissolved, leaving a crystalline calcite boxwork behind.  Other outstanding examples occur in Cody Caves, Cody Caves Provincial Park in British Columbia, Canada.  Boxwork can also be seen at Jewel Cave National Monument (near Wind Cave), and at Inner Space Cavern near Georgetown, Texas, United States.

Gallery

References

External links

Wind Cave National Park: Origin of Boxwork
The Virtual Cave's page on boxwork

Speleothems
Economic geology
Wing Enterprises. Wing Enterprises is an American company headquartered in Springville, Utah company, the largest American manufacturer of ladders as of 2005. The company produces the Little Giant Ladder System, a convertible aluminium ladder system. The founder of Wing Enterprises, Harold Ray "Hal" Wing, came across a prototype of the ladder in Germany in the 1970s. He licensed the ladder from the inventor, patented the design in the United States and began manufacturing the ladder in his home and selling it at trade shows.

Features
The ladder itself is capable of being converted into several heights and configurations from a single ladder.  Configurations include a straight or extension ladder, an A-frame ladder, a staircase ladder (an uneven A-frame for use on stairs), a 90° ladder, and both sides of a scaffolding trestle achieved through a triple locking hinge.  Each of the ladder positions has three heights in one ladder.  The ladder can achieve as many as 24 position/height permutations.  The ladder folds to a smaller size for storage. The ladder also has "tip-n-glide" wheels to facilitate movement and positioning.

The Ladder features flared legs for increased stability.  Locking, telescoping side rails allow the various height configurations.  Trapezoidal rungs create a stable standing surface. They are attached using "double zig-zag" welds.

Models

Little Giants

Type I
Industrial heavy duty 250 lbs rated
Available in Model 17 and Model 22

Type IA
Industrial extra heavy duty 300 lbs rated
Available in Model 13, Model 17, Model 22 and Model 26

Type IAA
Industrial special duty 375 lbs rated
Available in Model 13, Model 17 and Model 22

Ultra Step
Industrial extra heavy duty 300 lbs rated
Available in both aluminium and fibreglass versions
Adjustable from 5 to 8 feet as a single sided stepladder
Can be used in the parallel (or 90 degree) position against a wall

Industrial Little Giants

SkyScraper
Industrial extra heavy duty 300 lbs rated
Available in Model 15 (adjustable 8 to 15 feet), Model 17 (adjustable 9 to 17 feet), and Model 21 (adjustable 11 to 21 feet)

Little Giant Fibreglass
Industrial extra heavy duty 300 lbs rated
Made from a special high-quality non-conductive resin
Available in Model 17 and Model 22

Little Jumbo

Safety Step
Available in two-step, three-step and four-step models
Made from rugged, corrosion-resistant aluminium alloy
Collapse to 5-inch storage depth

References

"Tube time"

External links
Little Giant Ladders Official Site
Little Giant Ladder Authorized Retailer Site
Little Giant Ladder Video Review
Little Giant Ladder UK Official Site

Safety equipment
Manufacturing companies based in Utah
1970s establishments in Utah
Companies based in Utah County, Utah
8A. 8A, VIII-A or 8a may refer to :
 Aisle 8A, the 64th episode of the animated situation comedy King of the Hill
 Bone morphogenetic protein 8A in biochemistry
 Cyg OB2 -8A, a blue star
 Greek National Road 8A
 GCR Class 8A, a class of British 0-8-0 steam locomotive
 Isotta Fraschini Tipo 8A, a successor to the Tipo 8 model car
 Kintetsu 8A series, a Japanese electric multiple unit train type
 Massachusetts Route 8A
 Nevada State Route 8A
 Secondary State Highway 8A (Washington)
 Stalag VIII-A, a German prisoners of war camp
and also :
 Atlas Blue IATA airline designator
 8(a) Business Development Program a loan program administered by the U.S. Small Business Administration

See also
A8 (disambiguation)
8B. 8B or VIII-B may refer to :
 AV-8B Harrier II, an aircraft
 Stalag VIII-B, a notorious German Army prisoner of war camp near Lamsdorf
 Caribbean Star Airlines IATA airline designator
 8b/10b encoding or 6b/8b encoding, in telecommunications, eight bit words
 Bone morphogenetic protein 8b
 Van Biesbroeck 8b, a brown dwarf star
 WASP-8b, an extrasolar planet discovered in 2008
 GCR Class 8B, a class of 25 two-cylinder steam locomotives
 WNT8B, a protein that in humans is encoded by the WNT8B gene
 Boeing XF8B, a single-engine aircraft developed by Boeing
 PDE8B, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PDE8B gene
 HAT-P-8b, an extrasolar planet
 Isotta Fraschini Tipo 8B, an Italian luxury car made between 1931 and 1934
 Boron-8 (8B), an isotope of boron

See also
B8 (disambiguation)
8D. 8D or 8-D may refer to:

 Eight-dimensional space
 "Grinning with glasses", an emoticon in which the "8" represents open eyes and the "D" an open mouth, see List of emoticons
 Eight disciplines problem solving

Transport 
 8D Technologies, a Canadian company that develops bicycle-sharing systems
 GCR Class 8D, a class of British 4-4-2 steam locomotive
 Secondary State Highway 8D (Washington), former name of Washington State Route 141
 Typ 8D, first-generation Audi A4

IATA airline codes 
 Astair
 Expo Aviation
 Servant Air

See also 

 D8 (disambiguation)
8E. 8E or VIII-E may refer to :

 8E, the character mapping for the letter "É" in Mac OS Roman
 Bering Air (IATA code: 8E), an American airline headquartered in Nome, Alaska
 GCR Classes 8D and 8E, two pairs of three-cylinder compound steam locomotives
 Oflag VIII-E Johannisbrunn, a World War II German prisoner-of-war camp
 Stalag VIII-E, a German World War II prisoner-of-war camp
 Washington State Route 142 (previously Secondary State Highway 8E), a state highway in southern Washington
 Washington State Route 221 (previously Primary State Highway 8E), a 25.95-mile-long state highway

See also 
 E8 (disambiguation)
8F. 8F or VIII-F may refer to:

 Ford 8F transmission, a family of automatic transmissions introduced in 2019
 LMS Stanier Class 8F, a 1935 British 2-8-0 heavy freight steam locomotive
 A classification of steam locomotives by British Railways, denoting a locomotive rated for large freight duties
 Oflag VIII-F, a German prisoner of war camp
 Stalag VIII-F, a German prisoner of war camp
 Fischer Air IATA airline designator

See also
F8 (disambiguation)
8U. 8U  or 8-U may refer to:

8U, IATA code for Afriqiyah Airways
One of the possible sizes of a rack unit
F8U, a model of  Vought F-8 Crusader
RG-8U, a type of coaxial cable
HP 8U, Roman-8 character set by Hewlett-Packard

See also
U8 (disambiguation)
Bosenova. A bosenova or bose supernova is a very small, supernova-like explosion, which can be induced in a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) by changing the external magnetic field, so that the "self-scattering" interaction transitions from repulsive to attractive due to the Feshbach resonance, causing the BEC to "collapse and bounce" or "rebound."

Although the total energy of the explosion is very small, the "collapse and bounce" scenario qualitatively resembles a condensed matter version of a core-collapse supernova, hence the term bosenova. The nomenclature is not a play of words on the Brazilian music style bossa nova, but a play of words with bose-einstein and supernova.

Experiment 
In the particular experiment when a bosenova was first detected, transitioning the self-interaction from repulsive to attractive caused the BEC to implode and shrink to a size smaller than the optical detector's minimum resolution limit, and then suddenly "explode." In this explosion, about half of the atoms in the condensate superficially seemed to have "disappeared" from the experiment altogether, i.e., they were not detected in either the cold particle remnants nor in the expanding gas cloud produced.

Under current BEC theory, which only very crudely accounts for the interactions between the particles composing the BEC, the bosenova phenomenon remains unexplained, because the energy available to the individual atoms of the condensate near absolute zero appears to be insufficient to cause the observed implosion. However, subsequent mean-field theories have been proposed to explain bosenovas as a collective phenomenon.

The bosenova behaviour of a BEC may provide insights into the behavior of a neutron star, as well as into the possible properties of still-hypothetical boson stars and into the quantum theory of "collective phenomena" in general.

References

Further reading
 
 

Bose–Einstein condensates
7F. 7F or 7-F can refer to:

 IATA code for First Air
 Vought YA-7F attack aircraft 
 VE-7F, a model of Vought VE-7
 TRANSYT-7F traffic simulation and signal timing optimization program
 S&DJR 7F  2-8-0, or Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway (S&DJR) 7F 2-8-0
 AL-7F, a model of Lyulka AL-7
 AIM-7F, a model of AIM-7 Sparrow
 7F, the hexadecimal value for DEL in binary to ASCII conversion.
 7F, the production code for the 1987 Doctor Who serial Delta and the Bannermen

See also
F7 (disambiguation)
6H. 6H or 6-H can refer to:

IATA code for Israir Airlines
Curtiss JN-6H
JN-6H Jenny; see Curtiss JN-4
Isuzu 6H Engine
6H-SiC, one of the Polymorphs of silicon carbide
Hydrogen-6 (6H), an isotope of hydrogen
6H, the production code for the 1983 Doctor Who serial Enlightenment

See also
H6 (disambiguation)