omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Steel Bank Common Lisp. Steel Bank Common Lisp (SBCL) is a free Common Lisp implementation that features a high-performance native compiler, Unicode support and threading. It is open source software, with a permissive license. In addition to the compiler and runtime system for ANSI Common Lisp, it provides an interactive environment including a debugger, a statistical profiler, a code coverage tool, and many other extensions.

The name "Steel Bank Common Lisp" is a reference to Carnegie Mellon University Common Lisp from which SBCL forked: Andrew Carnegie made his fortune in the steel industry and Andrew Mellon was a successful banker.

History
SBCL descends from CMUCL (created at Carnegie Mellon University), which is itself descended from Spice Lisp, including early implementations for the Mach operating system on the IBM RT PC, and the Three Rivers Computing Corporation PERQ computer, in the 1980s.

William Newman originally announced SBCL as a variant of CMUCL in December 1999. The main point of divergence at the time was a clean bootstrapping procedure: CMUCL requires an already compiled executable binary of itself to compile the CMUCL source code, whereas SBCL supported bootstrapping from theoretically any ANSI-compliant Common Lisp implementation.

SBCL became a SourceForge project in September 2000. The original rationale for the fork was to continue the  initial work done by Newman without destabilizing CMUCL which was at the time already a mature and much-used implementation. The forking was amicable, and there have since then been significant flows of code and other cross-pollination between the two projects.

Since then SBCL has attracted several developers, been ported to multiple hardware architectures and operating systems, and undergone many changes and enhancements: while it has dropped support for several CMUCL extensions that it considers beyond the scope of the project (such as the Motif interface) it has also developed many new ones, including native threading and Unicode support.

Version 1.0 was released in November 2006, and active development continues.

William Newman stepped down as project administrator for SBCL in April 2008. Several other developers have taken over interim management of releases for the time being.

For the tenth anniversary of SBCL, a Workshop was organized.

Version 2.0.0 was released on 29 December 2019 for the 20th anniversary of SBCL, with no major breaking changes.

References

Works cited

Further reading

External links

 SBCL homepage
 Planet SBCL - The Common Lisp Wiki

Common Lisp (programming language) software
Common Lisp implementations
Free and open source compilers
Public-domain software with source code
Software forks
AGM-137 TSSAM. The Northrop AGM-137 TSSAM (Tri-Service Standoff Attack Missile) was a standoff cruise missile developed for the three branches of the United States Armed Forces, hence "tri-service". Missile development began in 1986 but revelation of cost-overruns in 1991 prompted the Army to pull out of the project and an investigation of the procurement process by the General Accounting Office (GAO, now referred to as the Government Accountability Office). The TSSAM program was eventually cancelled in December 1994 pursuant to a GAO recommendation and the loss of support of the United States Army after going as far as several test launches.

Development

The United States Air Force began developing the Tri-Service Standoff Attack Missile (TSSAM) in 1986; the intent was to produce a family of stealthy missiles for the U.S. Air Force, Navy and United States Army which would be capable of long range, autonomous guidance, automatic target recognition, and sufficient accuracy and warhead power to be capable of destroying well-protected structures either on land or at sea.

All versions of the missile would use inertial navigation aided by Global Positioning System (GPS). The Navy and one Air Force version were to use an imaging infrared homing terminal sensor to recognize the target and terminal homing, and would be fitted with a unitary warhead. A second version Army missile would be launched by two booster rockets and carry the Combined Effects Bomblet (CEB) submunition against land targets.

It was planned to carry the missile on the B-52H, F-16C/D, B-1, B-2, A-6E, and F/A-18C/D; the Army version was to be launched from the MLRS (Multiple Launch Rocket System) vehicle.

In 1991 the previously black budget figures for TSSAM were revealed, showing a roughly 6 billion dollar cost overrun over the original contract price. This prompted a GAO investigation into the procurement process which resulted in the recommendation that the project be cancelled.

The project suffered from budgetary problems, some related to the distribution of the budget between the three services. This resulted in funding shortfalls and delays. The missiles also suffered from technical development issues, pushing the unit cost from the original 1986 figure of $728,000 per missile to $2,062,000 in 1994. The project which was intended to be used by all three services (hence, Tri-service), lost Army support in 1993 and was canceled as a result. Technology developed for the TSSAM was used in the JASSM program.

See also
 List of missiles

References

External links 
 Northrop AGM/MGM-137 TSSAM - Designation Systems

AGM-137
Abandoned military rocket and missile projects of the United States
Alan V. Oppenheim. Alan Victor Oppenheim (born 1937) is a professor of engineering at MIT's Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. He is also a principal investigator in MIT's Research Laboratory of Electronics (RLE), at the Digital Signal Processing Group.

His research interests are in the general area of signal processing and its applications.  He is co-author of the widely used textbooks Discrete-Time Signal Processing and Signals and Systems.  He is also the editor of several advanced books on signal processing.

Education 
Oppenheim received his B.S. and M.S. degrees simultaneously in 1961 and his D.Sc. degree in 1964, all in electrical engineering, from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.  His dissertation Superposition in a Class of Nonlinear Systems was written under the direction of Amar Bose. He is also the recipient of an honorary doctorate from Tel Aviv University (1995).  In 1964, Oppenheim joined the faculty at MIT, where he is currently Ford Professor of Engineering and a MacVicar Faculty Fellow.  Since 1967 he has been affiliated with MIT Lincoln Laboratory and since 1977 with the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.

Affiliations and awards 
Oppenheim was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering for innovative research, writing of pioneering textbooks, and inspired teaching in the field of digital signal processing. He is a fellow of the IEEE, a member of Sigma Xi and ΗΚΝ.  He has been a Guggenheim Fellow and a Sackler Fellow.

He has also received a number of awards for outstanding research and teaching, including the IEEE Centennial Medal (1984), the IEEE Education Medal (1988), the IEEE Third Millennium Medal (2000), the IEEE Jack S. Kilby Signal Processing Medal (2007), the Society Award, the Technical Achievement Award and the Senior Award of the IEEE Society on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing.  He has also received a number of awards at MIT for excellence in teaching.

Publications 
Oppenheim is author or co-author of many books, including:

References

External links 
 Page at MIT. Contains bio and news.
 Alan Oppenheim Playlist Appearance on WMBR's Dinnertime Sampler  radio show March 10, 2004
 
 Digital Signal Processing lecture MIT Courseware

1937 births
Educators from New York City
American electrical engineers
Living people
MIT School of Engineering alumni
MIT School of Engineering faculty
Fellows of the IEEE
IEEE Centennial Medal laureates
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
MIT Lincoln Laboratory people
Engineers from New York City
American textbook writers
EWF. EWF may refer to:

 Earth, Wind & Fire, an American funk band
 Education World Forum, an international education seminar
 Empire Wrestling Federation, an American wrestling promotion
 Engineers Without Frontiers
 Enhanced Write Filter, a component of some of Microsoft's embedded operating systems
 Ethiopian World Federation
 European Weightlifting Federation
 European Federation for Welding, Joining and Cutting, a trade organization
 Every Woman Foundation
 Expert Witness Compression Format, an open file format to store disk images
Drivetrain (disambiguation). Drivetrain may refer to:
 Drivetrain, the group of components in a motor vehicle that deliver power to the driving wheels. This excludes the engine or motor that generates the power.
 Bicycle drivetrain systems, used to transmit power on bicycles or other human-powered vehicles from the rider to the drive wheels
 Drivetrain Systems International, an Australian drivetrain constructor
 Drivetrain (album), a 2004 album by 38 Special
Fairfax Assembly & Stamping. Fairfax Assembly & Stamping is a General Motors automobile factory at 3201 Fairfax Trafficway, Kansas City, Kansas in the United States. , the  plant employs over 2,100 hourly and salaried employees.  Employees are represented by United Auto Workers Local 31.

History

Fairfax 
The original Fairfax assembly plant was located next to Fairfax Airport which was the former location of the North American Bomber Production Plant where the B-25 Mitchell was manufactured during World War II.  After the war, GM purchased the building and converted it to an automobile assembly plant, and was under the management of GM's newly created Buick-Oldsmobile-Pontiac Assembly Division created in 1945. In 1952, alongside car production, the plant produced F-84F jet-powered fighters.

Fairfax II

The original Fairfax plant ceased production in May 1987, and production was moved to Fairfax II.  Fairfax II was developed on the former Fairfax airport in a $1 billion project. The new plant began production with the 1988 model Pontiac Grand Prix.  In 2003, production of the Chevrolet Malibu was added.  On August 23, 2005, the Fairfax facility built its 10 millionth car.

Production of the second generation Buick LaCrosse began at the plant in 2009 and continued through 2016.  In January 2013, GM announced $600 million in upgrades to the plant including a new  paint shop and a new stamping press.  The renovations were aimed at reducing water consumption and chemical waste, and were not expected to interfere with production.  In 2019, the all-new Cadillac XT4 was added.

In January 2025, production of the Cadillac XT4 concluded as a result of GM's decision to discontinue the model. The plant is expected to undergo retooling to manufacture the second generation Chevrolet Bolt.

Products

Upcoming
 Chevrolet Bolt (2025-)(to commence)

Past vehicles
 1988–2003 Pontiac Grand Prix
 1996–1997 Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme
 1998–2002 Oldsmobile Intrigue
 2004–2008 Chevrolet Malibu/Malibu Classic
 2007–2010 Saturn Aura
 2008–2012 Chevrolet Malibu
 2010–2016 Buick Lacrosse/Allure
 2013–2015 Chevrolet Malibu/Malibu Limited
 2004–2025 Chevrolet Malibu
 2019–2025 Cadillac XT4

References

External links
 

General Motors factories
Motor vehicle assembly plants in Kansas
Buildings and structures in Kansas City, Kansas
Industrial buildings completed in 1987
1987 establishments in Kansas
1980s architecture in the United States
Portable classroom. A portable classroom (also known as a demountable or relocatable classroom), is a type of portable building installed at a school to temporarily and quickly provide additional classroom space where there is a shortage of capacity. They are designed so they may be removed once the capacity situation abates, whether by a permanent addition to the school, another school being opened in the area, or a reduction in student population. Such buildings would be installed much like a mobile home, with utilities often being attached to a main building to provide light and heat for the room.  Portable classrooms may also be used if permanent classrooms are uninhabitable, such as after a fire or during a major refurbishment.

Sometimes, the portable classrooms are meant to be long-lasting and are built as a "portapack", which combines a series of portables and connects them with a hallway.

Portable classrooms are colloquially known as bungalows, slum classes, t-shacks, trailers, terrapins, huts, t-buildings, portables, mobiles, or relocatables.  In the UK, those built in 1945–1950 were known as HORSA huts after the name of the Government's post-war building programme, "Hutting Operation for the Raising of the School-leaving Age". Others in the UK are often known as 'Pratten huts' after the Pratten company that supplied many of them after World War II.

See also
 Modular building
 Modular design
 OpenStructures

References

Portable buildings and shelters
Educational environment
School terminology
Classrooms
Maturity (geology). In petroleum geology, the maturity of a rock is a measure of its state in terms of hydrocarbon generation. Maturity is established using a combination of geochemical and basin modelling techniques.

Rocks with high total organic carbon, (termed source rocks), will alter under increasing temperature such that the organic molecules slowly mature into hydrocarbons (see diagenesis). Source rocks are therefore broadly categorised as immature (no hydrocarbon generation), sub-mature (limited hydrocarbon generation), mature (extensive hydrocarbon generation) and overmature (most hydrocarbons have been generated).

The maturity of a source rock can also be used as an indicator of its hydrocarbon potential. That is, if a rock is sub-mature, then it has a much higher potential to generate further hydrocarbons than one that is overmature.

See also
 Van Krevelen diagram

References

 van Krevelen, D.W. (1950). "Graphical-statistical method for the study of structure and reaction processes of coal", Fuel, 29, 269–84.
 van Krevelen, D.W. and Schuyer, J. (1957) Coal science. Elsevier publishing company.
 The chemistry and technology of petroleum

External links
 Maturity (Maturation) Publications

Geochemistry
Petroleum geology
European Conference on Artificial Intelligence. The biennial European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI) is the leading conference in the field of Artificial Intelligence in Europe, and is commonly listed together with IJCAI and AAAI as one of the three major general AI conferences worldwide. The conference series has been held without interruption since 1974, originally under the name AISB.

The conferences are held under the auspices of the European Coordinating Committee for Artificial Intelligence (ECCAI) and organized by one of the member societies. The journal AI Communications, sponsored by the same society, regularly publishes special issues in which conference attendees report on the conference.

Publication of a paper in ECAI is considered by some journals to be archival: the paper should be considered equivalent to a journal publication and that the contents of ECAI papers cannot be reformulated as separate journal submissions unless a significant amount of new material is added.

List of ECAI conferences
 ECAI-1992 took place in Vienna, Austria.
 ECAI-1996 took place in Budapest, Hungary.
 ECAI-1998 tool place in Brighton, United Kingdom.
 ECAI-2000 took place in Berlin, Germany.
 ECAI-2004 took place in Valencia, Spain.
 ECAI-2006 took place in Riva del Garda, Italy.
 ECAI-2008 took place in Patras, Greece.
 ECAI-2010 took place in Lisbon, Portugal.
 ECAI-2012 took place in Montpellier, France.
 ECAI-2014 took place in Prague, Czech Republic.
 ECAI-2016 took place in The Hague, Netherlands.
 ECAI-2018 took place in Stockholm, Sweden.
 ECAI-2020 took place in Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
 ECAI-2022 took place in Vienna, Austria.
 ECAI-2023 took place in Kraków, Poland.
 ECAI-2024 took place in Santiago de Compostela, Spain.

References

External links

Artificial intelligence conferences
Information technology organizations based in Europe
James Watt's Mad Machine. James Watt's Mad Machine is a set of sculptural railings and gates at Winson Green Metro station, Winson Green, Birmingham, England, designed by Tim Tolkien, supported by Eric Klein Velderman, Paula Woof and pupils at James Watt Infants and Junior Schools, with whose site it forms a boundary. It was created in 1998.

It is inspired by the inventions of James Watt, who lived and worked nearby.

External links
Transport Authority description and pictures

History of Birmingham, West Midlands
Outdoor sculptures in Birmingham, West Midlands
Transport in Birmingham, West Midlands
Virtual instrumentation. Virtual instrumentation is the use of customizable software and modular measurement hardware to create user-defined measurement systems.

Overview
Traditional hardware instrumentation systems are made up of fixed hardware components, such as digital multimeters and oscilloscopes that are completely specific to their stimulus, analysis, or measurement function.  Because of their hard-coded function, these systems are more limited in their versatility than virtual instrumentation systems.  The primary difference between hardware instrumentation and virtual instrumentation is that software is used to replace a large amount of hardware. The software enables complex and expensive hardware to be replaced by already purchased computer hardware; e. g. analog-to-digital converter can act as a hardware complement of a virtual oscilloscope, a potentiostat enables frequency response acquisition and analysis in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy with virtual instrumentation.

The concept of a synthetic instrument is a subset of the virtual instrumentation concept. A synthetic instrument is a kind of virtual instrumentation that is purely software defined. A synthetic instrument performs a specific synthesis, analysis, or measurement function on completely generic, measurement agnostic hardware. Virtual instrumentation can still have measurement-specific hardware, and tend to emphasize modular hardware approaches that facilitate this specificity. Hardware supporting synthetic instrumentation is by definition not specific to the measurement, nor is it necessarily (or usually) modular.

Leveraging commercially available technologies, such as the PC and the analog-to-digital converter, virtual instrumentation has grown significantly since its inception in the late 1970s. Additionally, software packages like National Instruments' LabVIEW and other graphical programming languages helped grow adoption by making it easier for non-programmers to develop systems.

The newly updated technology called "hard virtual instrumentation" is developed by some companies. It is said that with this technology the execution of the software is done by the hardware itself which can help in fast real time processing.

See also
 Measuring instrument

Electronic engineering
Measurement
Measuring instruments
José Mauro Volkmer de Castilho. José Mauro Volkmer de Castilho (1946–1998) was a Brazilian scientist, teacher and researcher.

Background
Castilho began his academic life at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul where he studied engineering. After graduation, in 1971, he went to Rio de Janeiro where he obtained his master's degree in 1973 and Phd in 1982 both on PUC Rio University.  
José Mauro died of cancer in 1998, he was married and father of three children.

Scientific activity
As one of the database and artificial intelligence research pioneers in Brazil, Professor Castilho helped to form a full generation of professionals and researchers in these areas.

In his honor, since 1998, Brazilian Computer Society sponsors the Jose Mauro de Castilho Award which is given to the best paper as selected by the program committee.

External links
 DBLP Bibliography Server
 acm Portal
 Computer Science Bibliographies
 History of the Computer Sciences Institute - UFRGS 
 José Mauro Castilho Auditorium
 Brazilian Scientific and Technological Development Committee - Researchers

1946 births
1998 deaths
Brazilian computer scientists
Artificial intelligence researchers
Brazilian science writers
People from Rio Grande do Sul
Brazilian people of German descent
Deaths from cancer in Brazil
Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul alumni
Stephen Kent (chemist). Stephen B. H. Kent (born December 12, 1945, in Wellington, New Zealand) is a professor at the University of Chicago. While professor at the Scripps Research Institute in the early 1990s he pioneered modern ligation methods for the total chemical synthesis of proteins.  He was the inventor of native chemical ligation together with his student Philip Dawson. His laboratory experimentally demonstrated the principle that chemical synthesis of a protein's polypeptide chain using mirror-image amino acids after folding results in a mirror-image protein molecule which, if an enzyme, will catalyze a chemical reaction with mirror-image stereospecificity. At the University of Chicago Kent and his junior colleagues pioneered the elucidation of protein structures by quasi-racemic & racemic crystallography.

Biography 
Kent received his chemistry Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley in 1975, his M.Sc. from Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand in 1970, and his B.Sc. degree in 1968 from Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.

Following his post-doctoral work in the laboratory of Robert Bruce Merrifield at the Rockefeller University, Dr. Kent continued research there as an assistant professor through 1981. He has also held faculty positions at the California Institute of Technology, Bond University in Australia, and the Scripps Research Institute in California. Currently  Kent is professor in the department of biochemistry and molecular biology and professor of chemistry at the University of Chicago. From 2003-2009 he served as director of the Institute for Biophysical Dynamics. In addition to his academic achievements, in the 1990s he was the founder of two San Francisco Bay Area companies: Ciphergen Biosytems and Gryphon Sciences.

Kent has received international recognition for his research achievements. In 1994 he received the Ralph F. Hirschmann Award in Peptide Chemistry from the American Chemical Society, the inaugural Kaiser Award from the Protein Society in 2002, the du Vigneaud Award from the American Peptide Society (2004), the 2009 Merrifield award from the American Peptide Society, the Rudinger Medal from the European Peptide Society (2010), the Akabori Medal from the Japanese Peptide Society (2010), the Alfred Bader Award in Bioorganic Chemistry (2011) from the American Chemical Society, the Leach Medal from the Lorne Protein Conference (2013), the Prelog Medal for stereochemistry from the ETH Zurich (2017), and the inaugural Ernesto Scoffone Award from the Italian Peptide Society (2018). Dr. Kent is an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of New Zealand. He was elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2000, and Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry in 2008.

In May 2016 the Journal of Peptide Science, edited by Luis Moroder, published a Festschrift in celebration of his 70th birthday.

References

Further reading

External links
Festschrift

21st-century American chemists
1945 births
Living people
Pulsed columns. Pulsed columns are a type of liquid-liquid extraction equipment; examples of this class of extraction equipment is used at the BNFL plant THORP.

Special use in nuclear industries for fuel reprocessing, where spent fuel from reactors is subjected to solvent extraction. A pulsation is created using air by a pulse leg. The feed is aqueous solution containing radioactive solutes, and the solvent used is TBP (Tri-Butyl Phosphate) in suitable hydrocarbon. To create turbulence for dispersion of one phase in other, a mechanical agitator is used in conventional equipments. But, because of radioactivity, and frequent maintenance required for mechanical agitators, pulsing is used in extraction columns.

References

Chemical equipment