omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Stella (software). Stella is a computer program available in three versions (Great Stella, Small Stella and Stella4D). It was created by Robert Webb of Australia.  The programs contain a large library of polyhedra which can be manipulated and altered in various ways.

Polyhedra
Polyhedra in Great Stella's library include the Platonic solids, the Archimedean solids, the Kepler-Poinsot solids, the Johnson solids, some Johnson Solid near-misses, numerous compounds including the uniform polyhedra, and other polyhedra.  Operations which can be performed on these polyhedra include stellation, faceting, augmentation, dualization (also called "reciprocation"), creating convex hulls, and others.

All versions of the program enable users to print nets for polyhedra.  These nets may then be assembled into actual three-dimensional polyhedral models of great beauty and complexity.

Stella4D  
In 2007, a Stella4D version was added, allowing the generation and display of four-dimensional polytopes (polychora), including a library of all convex uniform polychora, and all currently known nonconvex star polychora, as well as the uniform duals. They can be selected from a library or generated from user created polyhedral vertex figure files.

Features
Stella provides a configurable workspace comprising several panels. Once a model has been selected from the range available, different views of it may be displayed in each panel. These views can also include  measurements, symmetries and unfolded nets.

A variety of operations may be performed on any polyhedron. In 3D these include: stellation, faceting, augmentation, excavation, drilling and dualising.

Other features include spring network relaxation, generation of the convex hull, and generation of cupolaic blends and related figures.

Release history 

 v1.0 – 20 August 2001 – First release of Stella
 v1.1 – 14 January 2002
 v2.0 – 12 September 2002
 v2.8.7 – 16 November 2004
 v3.0 – 12 June 2005
 v3.5.1 – 10 May 2006
 v4.0 – 13 March 2007 – (Including new "Stella4D")
 v4.4 – 11 January 2008
 v5.0 – 30 September 2012
 v5.4 – 10 May 2014

References 

 (Note: journal was back-dated.  Paper actually written 2003)

Further reading
 (Note: journal was back-dated.  Paper actually written 2004)

External links 

Polyhedra
4-polytopes
3D graphics software
Kelvin's circulation theorem. In fluid mechanics, Kelvin's circulation theorem states:In a barotropic, ideal fluid with conservative body forces, the circulation around a closed curve (which encloses the same fluid elements) moving with the fluid remains constant with time.

The theorem is named after William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin who published it in 1869.

Stated mathematically:

where  is the circulation around a material moving contour  as a function of time . The differential operator  is a substantial (material) derivative moving with the fluid particles. Stated more simply, this theorem says that if one observes a closed contour at one instant, and follows the contour over time (by following the motion of all of its fluid elements), the circulation over the two locations of this contour remains constant.

This theorem does not hold in cases with viscous stresses, nonconservative body forces (for example the Coriolis force) or non-barotropic pressure-density relations.

Mathematical proof

The circulation  around a closed material contour  is defined by:

where u is the velocity vector, and ds is an element along the closed contour.

The governing equation for an inviscid fluid with a conservative body force is

where D/Dt is the convective derivative, ρ is the fluid density, p is the pressure and Φ is the potential for the body force. These are the Euler equations with a body force.

The condition of barotropicity implies that the density is a function only of the pressure, i.e. .

Taking the convective derivative of circulation gives

For the first term, we substitute from the governing equation, and then apply Stokes' theorem, thus:

The final equality arises since  owing to barotropicity. We have also made use of the fact that the curl of any gradient is necessarily 0, or  for any function .

For the second term, we note that evolution of the material line element is given by

Hence

The last equality is obtained by applying gradient theorem.

Since both terms are zero, we obtain the result

Poincaré–Bjerknes circulation theorem 
A similar principle which conserves a quantity can be obtained for the rotating frame also, known as the Poincaré–Bjerknes theorem, named after Henri Poincaré and Vilhelm Bjerknes, who derived the invariant in 1893 and 1898. The theorem can be applied to a rotating frame which is rotating at a constant angular velocity given by the vector , for the modified circulation

Here  is the position of the area of fluid. From Stokes' theorem, this is:

The vorticity of a velocity field in fluid dynamics is defined by:

Then:

See also
Bernoulli's principle
Euler equations (fluid dynamics)
Helmholtz's theorems
Thermomagnetic convection

Notes

Equations of fluid dynamics
Fluid dynamics
Equations
Circulation theorem
Advanced Helicopter Training. Advanced Helicopter Training is the last phase of flight school for United States Navy and Marine Corps helicopter pilots.  Training is accomplished at NAS Whiting Field in Milton, Florida.  All training is done with Bell TH-57 Sea Rangers helicopters.  Advanced training is approximately six months long, and is divided into ten phases:
 Ground school: aircraft systems, local course rules, emergency procedures
 Familiarization: hovering, basic helicopter maneuvers
 Tactics: confined-area landings, external load operations, high-speed landings
 Trans-fams: familiarization in the instrument capable - TH-57C model
 Basic instruments (BIs): common instrument scans
 Radio instruments (RIs): instrument approaches, basic instrument navigation
 Visual/instrument navigation: cross-country navigation
 Low-level navigation: visual navigation below 500 feet AGL
 Formation: section formation maneuvers
 Night familiarization/Night vision goggles (NVGs)

Three squadrons perform advanced helicopter training: HT-8 Eightballers, HT-18 Vigilant Eagles and HT-28 Hellions.  Training is also done for the United States Coast Guard and for the navies and marines of several allied countries, including Italy, Spain, and Germany.

References

United States naval aviation
United States Coast Guard Aviation
Computer Music Journal. Computer Music Journal is a peer-reviewed academic journal that covers a wide range of topics related to digital audio signal processing and electroacoustic music. It is published on-line and in hard copy by MIT Press. The journal is accompanied by an annual CD/DVD that collects audio and video work by various electronic artists. Computer Music Journal was established in 1977. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2016 impact factor of 0.405.

See also
The CAMEO Dictionary of Creative Audio Terms

References

External links
 
Journal page at publisher's website

Music journals
Academic journals established in 1977
MIT Press academic journals
Quarterly journals
English-language journals
Vanillylmandelic acid. Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) is a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of artificial vanilla flavorings and is an end-stage metabolite of the catecholamines (epinephrine, and norepinephrine). It is produced via intermediary metabolites.

Chemical synthesis
VMA synthesis is the first step of a two-step process practiced by Rhodia since the 1970s to synthesize artificial vanilla. Specifically the reaction entails the condensation of guaiacol and glyoxylic acid in an ice cold, aqueous solution with sodium hydroxide.

Biological elimination
VMA is found in the urine, along with other catecholamine metabolites, including homovanillic acid (HVA), metanephrine, and normetanephrine.  In timed urine tests the quantity excreted (usually per 24 hours) is assessed along with creatinine clearance, and the quantity of cortisols, catecholamines, and metanephrines excreted is also measured.

Clinical significance 
Urinary VMA is elevated in patients with tumors that secrete catecholamines.

These urinalysis tests are used to diagnose an adrenal gland tumor called pheochromocytoma, a tumor of catecholamine-secreting chromaffin cells. These tests may also be used to diagnose neuroblastomas, and to monitor treatment of these conditions.

Norepinephrine is metabolised into normetanephrine and VMA.  Norepinephrine is one of the hormones produced by the adrenal glands, which are found on top of the kidneys. These hormones are released into the blood during times of physical or emotional stress, which are factors that may skew the results of the test.

References 

Neurochemistry
Alpha hydroxy acids
O-methylated natural phenols
Phenolic human metabolites
Acetic acids
Vanilloids
Asansol Engineering College. The Asansol Engineering College (AEC) is a private engineering college in Asansol, West Bengal, India. It offers different undergraduate and postgraduate courses in Engineering and Technology and other allied fields. It was established in 1998 by The Academy of Engineers as a joint venture between the JIS Group and the Techno India Group.

About College
The college is affiliated with Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal and all the relevant programs are approved by the All India Council for Technical Education and National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) Accreditation and National Board of Accreditation(CSE, ECE, ME) .

The college has a grant from the World Bank under Technical Education Quality Improvement Programme (TEQIP).

The campus is located along Vivekananda Sarani at Kanyapur, Asansol.

Academics
The institute offers ten undergraduate courses:-
 B.Tech. in Electronics and Communication Engineering (ECE)- 4 years [Approved intake - 120]
 B.Tech. in Electrical Engineering (EE)- 4 years [Approved intake - 60]
 B.Tech. in Mechanical Engineering (ME)- 4 years [Approved intake - 60]
 B.Tech. in Computer Science and Engineering (CSE)- 4 years [Approved intake - 240]
 B.Tech. in Civil Engineering (CE)- 4 years [Approved intake - 30]
 B.Tech. in Information Technology (IT)- 4 years [Approved intake - 180]
 B.Tech. in Computer Science and Business Systems (CSBS)- 4 years [Approved intake - 60]
 B.Tech. in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (AIML)- 4 years [Approved intake - 60]
 B.Tech. in CSE (Internet of Things & Cyber Security Including BlockChain Technology) (CSE (IOT & CSIBCT))- 4 years [Approved intake - 60]
 BCA- 4 years [Approved intake - 120]
 BBA- 4 years [Approved intake - 120]
 BBA (Insurance & Risk Management)- 4 years [Approved intake - 60]
 BHM (Bachelor of Hospital Management)- 4 years [Approved intake - 60]
 B.Sc. in Data Science- 4 years [Approved intake - 60]

The institute also offers three post-graduate courses:-
 M.Tech. in Electrical Engineering (EE)- 2 years [Approved intake - 13]
 M.Tech. in Electronics and Communication Engineering (ECE)- 2 years [Approved intake - 13]
 Master of Computer Applications (MCA) - 2 years [Approved intake - 60]
Proposed New Courses
1.Electronics and Computer Science

2.Computer Science and Technology

Scholarship

1. NSP 2.0

2. SVMCM( Govt of W.B.)

3. WBFS

4. E-Kalyan

5. Aikyashree(Govt Of W.B.)

6. OASIS

7. JIS Scholarship

8. College Scholarship( For Core Branches)

See also

References

External links 
 Asansol Engineering College website

Engineering colleges in West Bengal
Universities and colleges in Paschim Bardhaman district
Education in Asansol
Colleges affiliated to West Bengal University of Technology
Educational institutions established in 1998
1998 establishments in West Bengal
CMOS (disambiguation). CMOS is a complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor, a class of integrated circuits.

CMOS may also refer to:

Technology
 Nonvolatile BIOS memory, in a personal computer, historically known as CMOS with a CMOS battery
 CMOS sensor, an active pixel sensor in a digital camera
 Credence Systems (former NASDAQ symbol CMOS), a former semiconductor equipment manufacturer

Other uses
 Canadian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society, a Canadian society dedicated to atmospheric and oceanic sciences
 The Chicago Manual of Style
 CMOs, or occasionally, CMOSContract manufacturing organizations, company with customizable outsourced manufacturing capabilities

See also
 CMO (disambiguation)
Plug board. Plug board may refer to:

 Plugboard, a component of certain encryption machines, unit record equipment and some early computers
 Telephone switchboard, another name for a manual exchange
 Power strip a device that plugs into a power socket to increase the number of power sockets available for other devices

See also
 Patch panel, a number of circuits, usually of the same or similar type, which appear on jacks for monitoring, interconnecting, and testing circuits in a convenient, flexible manner
 Plug (disambiguation)
 Perforated hardboard, tempered hardboard which is pre-drilled with evenly spaced holes. The holes are used to accept pegs or hooks to support various items, such as tools in a workshop
André Kudelski. André Kudelski (born 26 May 1960 in Lausanne) is a Swiss engineer of Polish descent, who is the Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of the Kudelski Group.

André Kudelski obtained a degree in physical engineering from the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (Switzerland) in 1984. He then held the position of R&D Engineer at Kudelski SA and in Silicon Valley, before becoming Pay TV Product Manager and then Director of Nagravision, Kudelski SA's pay TV division. In 1991, André Kudelski succeeded his father Stefan Kudelski to the post of President and Chief Executive Officer of Kudelski SA. He has been a member of Kudelski SA's Board of Directors since 1987. He is also Chairman of the Board's Strategy Committee.

André Kudelski sat on the Board of the Edipresse Group, of Nestlé, of Swiss International Air Lines and of Dassault Systèmes (France), among others. In addition, he is a member of the Advisory Board of Credit Suisse Group and of the management committee of economiesuisse. He is a member of the Steering Committee of the Bilderberg Group.

In 1995, the World Economic Forum nominated André Kudelski as a "Global Leader for Tomorrow". He received an Emmy award in New York City from the National Academy of Arts and Sciences for his company's achievements in the area of Pay-TV conditional access and scrambling systems in 1996.

In 2002, André Kudelski was on the Forbes List of the World's Richest People, being a billionaire at the time.

References 

Swiss engineers
Swiss businesspeople
Swiss people of Polish descent
1960 births
Living people
École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne alumni
Members of the Steering Committee of the Bilderberg Group
Norm (artificial intelligence). Norms can be considered from different perspectives in artificial intelligence to create computers and computer software that are capable of intelligent behaviour.

In artificial intelligence and law, legal norms are considered in computational tools to automatically reason upon them. In multi-agent systems (MAS), a branch of artificial intelligence (AI), a norm is a guide for the common conduct of agents, thereby easing their decision-making, coordination and organization.

Since most problems concerning regulation of the interaction of autonomous agents are linked to issues traditionally addressed by legal studies, and since law is the most pervasive and developed normative system, efforts to account for norms in artificial intelligence and law and in normative multi-agent systems often overlap.

Artificial intelligence and law

With the arrival of computer applications into the legal domain, and especially artificial intelligence applied to it, logic has been used as the major tool to formalize legal
reasoning and has been developed in many directions, ranging from deontic logics to formal systems of argumentation.

The knowledge base of legal reasoning systems usually includes legal norms (such as governmental regulations and contracts), and as a consequence, legal rules are the focus of knowledge representation and reasoning approaches to automatize and solve complex legal tasks. Legal norms are typically represented into a logic-based formalism, such a deontic logic.

Artificial intelligence and law applications using an explicit representation of norms range from checking the compliance of business processes and the automatic execution of smart contracts  to legal expert systems advising people on legal matters.

Multi-agent systems

Norms in multi-agent systems may appear with different degrees of explicitness ranging from fully unambiguous written prescriptions to implicit unwritten norms  or tacit emerging patterns. Computer scientists’ studies mirror this polarity. Explicit norms are typically investigated in formal logics (e.g. deontic logics and argumentation) to represent and reason upon them, leading eventually to architecture for cognitive agents, while implicit norms are accounted as patterns emerging from repeated interactions amongst agents (typically reinforced learning agents). Explicit and implicit norms can be used together to coordinate agents.

Explicit norms are typically represented as a deontic statement that aims at regulating the life of software agents and the interactions among them. It can be an obligation, a permission or a prohibition, and is often represented with some dialect or extension of Deontic logic. At the opposite, implicit norms are social norms that are not written, and they usually emerge from the repetitive interactions of agents.

References

Multi-agent systems
Computer law
Deontic logic
Allyl bromide. Allyl bromide (3-bromopropene) is an organic halide. It is an alkylating agent used in synthesis of polymers, pharmaceuticals, perfumes and other organic compounds. Allyl bromide is a colorless liquid, although commercial samples appear yellow or brown. It is an irritant and a potentially dangerous alkylating agent. Allyl bromide is more reactive but more expensive than allyl chloride, and these considerations guide its use.

Preparation

Hydrohalogenation 
Allyl bromide is produced commercially from allyl alcohol and hydrobromic acid:
CH2=CHCH2OH + HBr → CH2=CHCH2Br + H2O
It can also be prepared by the halogen-exchange reaction between allyl chloride and hydrobromic acid or by the allylic bromination of propene.

Reactions and uses 
Allyl bromide is an electrophilic alkylating agent. It reacts with nucleophiles, such as amines, carbanions, alkoxides, etc., to introduce the allyl group:
CH2=CHCH2Br + Nu− → CH2=CHCH2Nu + Br− (Nu− is a nucleophile)
It is used in the synthesis of compounds containing the allyl functionality, such as the pharmaceuticals methohexital, secobarbital and thiamylal.

Allyl bromide reacts with magnesium metal in dry ether to form allylmagnesium bromide, a Grignard reagent:
CH2=CHCH2Br + Mg → CH2=CHCH2MgBr

References

External links 
 Entry at chemicalland21.com

Bromoalkenes
Allyl compounds
Roy Healy. Roy Healy (1915-1968) was an American Rocket scientist. He supervised the installation of rocket launchers on fighter planes in Burma during World War II. He was the vice president of the American Rocket Society. Healy Crater on the moon is named after him. Healy produced many pieces of academic literature relating to rocket science, as well as contributed information on rockets and jet propulsion that were valuable to the United States Military.

Early life 
Healy began experimenting with rockets when he was 12 years old. He studied at Casey Jones Technical School.

Career 
In 1938 he worked for Brewster Aviation Company and American Airlines. In 1943 he was hired by the Air Material Command at Wright Field to work on rockets. Working at Wright Field led to him being sent to military bases near Burma to work on installing rockets in planes and guide people on how to use them. 

From 1946-1953, Healy worked at the M.W. Kellogg Co. of Jersey City, N.J.. Healy's work with Kellogg consisted of working on Rocket Boosters, rocket test equipment, and the design of engines and boosters. In 1953, Healy began work at North American Aviation, working on the rocket engine for the Redstone Missile. In 1955, Healy worked as a senior research engineer at the newly formed North American Rocketdyne division.

Achievements 
Healy guided the North American Jupiter engine program. He contributed to many World War II rocket installations. In 1946, he was named vice president of the American Rocket Society. The American Rocket Society was a group committed to the research and development of jets and rockets. A 23.9 kilometer crater on the moon was named after Healy, now titled Healy Crater. He was a key contributor to research on rockets and jet propulsion throughout his life. Healy's research and insight provided valuable information on rockets and jet propulsion that could be used for military purposes.

Notable Publications 
As a rocket scientist, Roy Healy wrote articles and had them published in various publications. Many of them pertained to rocket power and use during World War II.

 "Thrust of Powder Rocket Charges: Commercial Types Tested", published in 1941. Healy is describing data and research on different types of rockets.

 "The Nazi Rocket Threat: Giant Projectiles Awaiting Invasion", published in 1944. Healy writes to warn of the threat posed by Nazi rockets. He is arguing that the story posed about the Nazi's having rockets prepared and ready to launch is true, and any skepticism should be eliminated.

 "Nazi Rocket Weapons: Jet Power Widely Used by Germany" published in 1943. The article is about different types of jet power and rockets used by Nazi Germany during World War II.

 "The Black Powder Rocket Charge: Its Military Uses" published in 1942. Healy discusses types of rockets used during the first world war, and then progresses to discuss more modern types of rockets for the time period.

References

20th-century American engineers
1915 births
1968 deaths
Rocket scientists
Members of the American Rocket Society
Carl Munters. Carl Georg Munters (22 March 1897 – 1989) was a Swedish inventor, most known for inventing together with Baltzar von Platen the gas absorption refrigerator now sold by Electrolux. He also invented and patented a method of making foamed plastic, which was later rediscovered by Dow Chemical Company and used to make Styrofoam.

Personal life
He was born in Dala-Järna, Kopparbergs län, Sweden, the son of engineer Anders Johan Munters and Hilma Bernhardina Helling. He graduated from KTH in 1922. Munters married Anna Eugenia Geralf in 1925 and Marianne Warkander in 1951.

Refrigerators
Together with Baltzar von Platen and John Tandberg, Munters invented the gas absorption refrigerator for domestic use. His intention was to create an easy-to-use refrigerator without any moving parts. The technique removed thermal energy, which was driven by a heat source such as propane, electricity, or kerosene. The team rented a room and worked into the night. They slept in the mornings and missed classes at the Royal Institute of Technology where they were students. It took them about a year to create a first prototype that worked with self-circulation. The prototype still had one moving part, a ball valve, and was big and clumsy. Eventually the design was improved and their cooling solution was a world sensation. Albert Einstein once mentioned how astonished he was by their ingenious solution.

Manufacturing of the refrigerator commenced in 1923 by the company AB Arctic. In 1925, development was finished, and the company was bought by Electrolux.

Other inventions
After inventing extruded polystyrene foam plastic in early 1930s and selling his US patent to Dow in 1940s, he started his own company in 1955 and developed, among other things, new insulation materials, air conditioners and dehumidification devices. At his death, Munters had over a thousand patents.

Patents

References

Further reading

External links

1897 births
1989 deaths
20th-century Swedish inventors
KTH Royal Institute of Technology alumni
20th-century Swedish engineers