omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Bits. Bits or BITS may refer to:

Technology 

 Plural of bit, computer memory unit.
Drill bits, cutting tools used to create cylindrical holes
Background Intelligent Transfer Service, a file transfer service
Built-in tests

Institutions 

 BITS Pilani (Birla Institute of Technology and Science), a technical university in Pilani, India
 Business and Information Technology School, a former business school in Iserlohn (Germany), now merged into University of Europe for Applied Sciences
  or Bucharest Yiddish Studio Theater, a theater in Bucharest
 Plural of Bilateral investment treaty (BITs)

Art 

Bits (album), the fourth and final album by American indie rock band Oxford Collapse
Bits, a 2012 play by the Catalan mime comedy group Tricicle
Bits (TV series), a British television entertainment program, on air 1999–2001
Boyz in the Sink, a fictional boy band.

See also

 Bit (disambiguation)
SS1. SS1 may refer to:

Transportation
 SS 1, a British car of the 1930s and predecessor to the Jaguar
 China Railways SS1, an electric locomotive model used in China
 Moore SS-1, a glider
 Reliant Scimitar SS1, a sports car made by Reliant during the 1980s
 Strada statale 1 Via Aurelia, a major road in Italy

Military and space
 USS Holland (SS-1), the first submarine of the U.S. Navy
 SpaceShipOne, a spaceplane that completed the first privately funded crewed space flight
 Pindad SS1, an Indonesian assault rifle
 SS-1 Scud, the NATO reporting name for a series of Soviet missiles

Other uses
 SS1 (classification), a Les Autres sport classification
 Sky Sports 1, a British satellite sports channel
 Space Ship One (album), an album by Paul Gilbert
 "SS1", a simple and quick way to refer to the seventh season of Fall Guys.
Traction. Traction may refer to:

Engineering 
Forces:
 Traction (mechanics), adhesive friction or force
 Traction vector, in mechanics, the force per unit area on a surface, including normal and shear components
 Traction motor, an electric motor used for propulsion of a vehicle, for example a car or a locomotive
 Railway electric traction, the use of electric motors to propel rail cars
 Traction engine, a self-propelled steam engine

Other uses 
 Traction (agency), San Francisco-based interactive advertising agency
 Traction (orthopedics), a set of mechanisms for straightening broken bones or relieving pressure on the skeletal system
 Traction (organization), a non-profit activism organization in North Carolina
 Traction (album), by New Zealand band Supergroove
 Traction TeamPage, a commercial blog/wiki software platform
 Traction (The Batman), 2nd episode of The Batman
 Traction (geology), a process which transports bed load through a channel

See also
Tracktion
Persian powder. The term Persian powder can also refer to a type of dry snow in the Zagros Mountains.

Persian powder is an insecticide powder with natural pyrethrin as the active agent. It is also known as Persian pellitory, insect powder and internationally as pyrethrum.

Biological pest control
Persian powder is a green pesticide that has been used for centuries for the biological pest extermination of household insects, garden pests, and agricultural pests. It may first have been exported from Persia to Ancient Rome. 

Pyrethrin and pyrethroids are used indoors, in gardens and the horticulture industry, and in agriculture. 

It is produced from the powdered flowers of certain species of pyrethrum, plants in the genera Chrysanthemum and Tanacetum. In more recent times it has had formulations with brand names such as Zacherlin.

Synthetic forms

Pyrethroids are synthetic insecticides based on natural pyrethrum (pyrethrins), such as permethrin. 

A common formulation of pyrethrin is in preparations containing the synthetic chemical piperonyl butoxide: this has the effect of enhancing the toxicity to insects and speeding the effects when compared with pyrethrins used alone. These formulations are known as synergized pyrethrins.

See also 

In the novel Anna Karenina, the character Kitty used Persian  powder to sanitize beds in an unclean hotel.

 List of pest-repelling plants
Organic gardening
Organic farming

References 

Pyrethroids
Plant toxin insecticides
Biopesticides
+P
Powders

de:Pyrethrum   
eo:Piretro
io:Piretro
it:Piretro
pl:Pyretryna
pt:Piretro (inseticida)
Fast-roping. Fast-roping is a technique for descending a thick rope, allowing troops to deploy from a helicopter in places where the aircraft cannot touch down. 

The person holds onto the rope with gloved hands (with or without using their feet) and slides down it. Several people can slide down the same rope simultaneously, provided that there is a gap of about  between them, so that each one has time to get out of the way when they reach the ground.

Fast roping is quicker than abseiling (rappelling), although more dangerous, particularly if the person is carrying a heavy load, because the rope is not attached to them with a descender. The technique is particularly useful for naval infantry, who can use it to board ships at sea.

History 
The technique was first developed by the UK with British rope manufacturer Marlow Ropes, and first used in combat during the Falklands War. The original rope was made of thick nylon that could be used in a manner akin to a fireman's pole. The special ropes used today are braided (plaited), producing a pattern on the outer circumference that is not smooth and so is easier to grip. Originally, each person would hold the rope for the next person, but this has been phased out.

Equipment and techniques

Rope 
The rope must be thick, typically 40 mm (1.57 in) diameter, to prevent it from being wildly jerked about from the rotor blast of the helicopter. Some types have a weighted core, the ballast helping to combat the blast effect.

Glove techniques
Fast-ropers use heat-resistant gloves to protect their hands from the heat of friction while descending. Such gloves are generally not dextrous enough to be useful after the descent has been completed, though specialized gloves have been developed for this purpose. More often, a glove-inside-glove technique is used, with tactical gloves worn inside heavy leather metalworking gloves.  After descending the rope, the wearer removes the outer gloves to regain dexterity.

Use of feet

In the U.S. Marine Corps, fast-ropers are trained to control the speed of descent by using their legs and feet in addition to their hands (instructors claim that some Marines have let go of their rope because their gloves became too hot, causing injury). Deployment of around 25 fast-ropers onto a ship can take about 30 seconds.

The British military advises against use of the feet as this can make the descent for following personnel more dangerous: boot polish or the leather of the boot can make the rope extremely slippery.

See also
 Special Patrol Insertion/Extraction

References

Assault tactics
Bell X-14. The Bell X-14 (Bell Type 68) is an experimental VTOL aircraft flown in the United States in the 1950s. The main objective of the project was to demonstrate vectored thrust horizontal and vertical takeoff, hover, transition to forward flight, and vertical landing.

Design and development

Bell constructed the X-14 as an open-cockpit, all-metal (duralumin) monoplane for the USAF. It was powered by two Armstrong Siddeley Viper turbojet engines equipped with thrust deflectors sited at the aircraft's centre of gravity. The engines are fixed in position; transition from vertical to horizontal flight is achieved with a system of movable vanes that control the direction of engine thrust. Top speed was  with a service ceiling of . The X-14 was designed using existing parts from two Beechcraft aircraft: wings, ailerons, and landing gear of a Beech Bonanza and the tailcone and empennage of a Beech T-34 Mentor.

Operational history
The X-14 first flew on 19 February 1957 as a vertical takeoff, hover, then vertical landing. The first transition from hover to horizontal flight occurred on 24 May 1958. In 1959, its Viper engines were replaced with General Electric J85 engines. That year the aircraft was delivered to the NASA Ames Research Center as the X-14A. During the development of the P.1127, Hawker test pilots Bill Bedford and Hugh Merewether visited NASA Ames to fly the X-14 and acquaint themselves with jet V/STOL aircraft handling prior to the first flights of the prototype P.1127. It served as a test aircraft with NASA until 1981.

The X-14 project provided a great deal of data on VTOL (Vertical Take-Off and Landing) type aircraft and flight control systems.

In 1971, the X-14A was fitted with new engines (General Electric J85-GE-19) and redesignated the X-14B. An onboard computer and digital fly-by-wire control system were also installed to enable emulation of landing characteristics of other VTOL aircraft.

The aircraft was obtained by NASA and repurposed as a Moon-landing simulator. Neil Armstrong flew the aircraft on numerous occasions, running out of fuel more than once.

The X-14B was used in this test role until it was damaged in a landing accident on 29 May 1981 and never repaired. At the time, there were plans to develop an X-14C with an enclosed cockpit. There were also plans for an X-14T trainer. None of these further versions got beyond the planning stage.

During all of its years of service, the X-14 was flown by numerous  pilots with no serious incidents or injuries.

Aircraft serial numbers
Although there was only one airframe, it changed serial numbers with every major upgrade.
X-14 - USAF 56-4022
X-14A - NASA 234 (N234NA)
X-14B - NASA 704 (N704NA)

Surviving aircraft

The X-14B was rescued from the scrap yard in 1991 and is undergoing renovation as part of the Ropkey Armor and Aviation Museum.

Specifications (X-14B)

See also

References

Further reading

External links 
 
 

X-014
X-14, Bell
V/STOL aircraft by thrust vectoring
Twinjets
NASA aircraft
Mid-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1957
Aircraft with fixed tricycle landing gear
DFE. DFE or DfE may refer to:

Organizations
 Department for the Economy, Northern Ireland
 Department for Education, UK
 DePatie–Freleng Enterprises, a defunct American animation studio

Science
 Dilated fundus examination of the eye
 Distribution of fitness effects
 Dietary folate equivalent, bioavailability of folate

Technology
 Design-focused evaluation of educational quality
 Design for the Environment of a product or service
 DFE Ascender, an ultralight aircraft

Other
 Dragon Fli Empire, a Canadian hip hop group 
 Dunfermline Town railway station, Scotland, National Rail station code
 The Duke of Edinburgh's Award, commonly referred to as 'DofE'
3Xtrim Aircraft Factory. The 3Xtrim Aircraft Factory, or Zakłady Lotnicze 3Xtrim Sp.z o.o.in Polish, was an aircraft manufacturer located in the city of Bielsko-Biała, in southern Poland.

The company was established by former SZD sailplane engineer Adam Kurbiel in 1996 under the name Wytwórnia i Naprawa Konstrukcji Lekkich - A. Kurbiel. The company hired many of the out-of-work aerospace workers who had been employed at the sailplane manufacturer. The company name was changed to Zakłady Lotnicze 3Xtrim Sp.z o.o. in November 1999. The company seems to have gone out of business in 2014.

3Xtrim concentrated on the design and production of the 3X55 and 3X47 ultralight aircraft, which first flew in prototype form in 1996.

The company name 3Xtrim was intended to be a double entendre, referring to the aircraft designs being "triple trimmed" (or more exactly "triple-tested") during the design, prototype and production stages and also that the aircraft are designed for "extreme conditions". In English the company name is pronounced "Three-Extreme".

References

Company website accessed 23 Sep 2006
North American Distributor website accessed 23 Sep 2006

External links
 Former location of official website

Aircraft manufacturers of Poland
Science and technology in Poland
Polish brands
Double Negative (artwork). Double Negative is a piece of land art located in the Moapa Valley on Mormon Mesa (or Virgin River Mesa) near Overton, Nevada. Double Negative was created in 1969 by artist Michael Heizer, and consists of a trench dug into the earth.

Description

The work consists of a long trench in the earth, 30 feet (9 m) wide,  deep, and 1500 feet (457 m) long, created by the displacement of 244,000 tons of rock, mostly rhyolite and sandstone. Two trenches straddle either side of a natural canyon (into which the excavated material was dumped). The "negative" in the title thus refers in part to both the natural and man-made negative space that constitutes the work. The work essentially consists of what is not there, what has been displaced.

Double Negative can be reached by following Mormon Mesa Road north-eastward from Overton to the top of the mesa, continuing across it for 2.7 miles, turning left at the opposite edge onto a smaller path that extends along the rim of the mesa, and then following the path north for 1.3 miles.

History
In 1969 the art dealer Virginia Dwan funded the purchase of the 60-acre site for Double Negative and, in turn, the artist transferred the property deeds to Dwan. In 1971 Heizer prevented the Dwan Gallery from selling the work. Dwan then donated Double Negative to the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles (MoCA) in 1984, with Heizer’s blessing, to coincide with “In Context: Michael Heizer, Geometric Extraction”. Among the terms of the agreement with the museum is the fact that, according to the artist's wishes, MoCA will undertake no conservation of the piece as Heizer indicated that nature should eventually reclaim the land through weather and erosion. Since then, Heizer has expressed a contrasting wish to restore the piece, perhaps in opposition to Robert Smithson's support for the principle of entropy.

For the solo exhibition "In Context: Michael Heizer, Geometric Extraction", MoCA was able to include a photographic panorama of Heizer’s work. For the large-scale, historical survey of land art “Ends of the Earth” at MoCA in 2012, Heizer did not want any representation of Double Negative to be included in the exhibition. A good aerial photograph appears in the catalogue, but Heizer reportedly worried that documentation in a museum gallery would misrepresent a sculpture that he felt could be known only through physical experience.

In 2021, plans for a solar development project near Double Negative were rejected due to resident protests against the project's effect on the artwork. The work is currently owned by MoCA and is accessible by four-wheel drive vehicle or motorcycle.

References

External links
 
 A Las Vegas Sun story and panorama about the work
 Double Negative on Youtube
 double negative: a webpage about michael heizer (includes description and driving directions)

Land art
1970 sculptures
Outdoor sculptures in Nevada
Buildings and structures in Clark County, Nevada
Amphibian Airplanes of Canada. Amphibian Airplanes of Canada (AAC) is a developer and marketer of light amphibious aircraft based in Squamish, British Columbia.

AAC was established by Hans Schaer in Squamish, British Columbia in 1998 to develop a light amphibious aircraft to be marketed for homebuilding.

Aircraft 
 AAC SeaStar
 AAC Seastar Sealoon

References

External links 

Aircraft manufacturers of Canada
Traffic grooming. Traffic grooming is the process of grouping many small telecommunications flows into larger units, which can be processed as single entities.  For example, in a network using both time-division multiplexing (TDM) and wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM), two flows which are destined for a common node can be placed on the same wavelength, allowing them to be dropped by a single optical add-drop multiplexer. Often the objective of grooming is minimizing the cost of the network. The cost of line terminating equipment (LTE) (also called add/drop multiplexers or ADMs) is the most dominant component in an optical WDM network's cost. Thus grooming typically involves minimizing the usage of ADMs.

This is similar to the use of virtual channels and virtual paths in ATM networks.

Effective grooming requires consideration of the topology of the network and the different routes in use. This is especially useful when dealing with mesh networks.

Grooming Algorithms

The traffic grooming problem has proven to be computationally intractable in the general case. Hence heuristic solutions are typically used.

Electrical-Layer Grooming 
Grooms electrical signals at a granularity of ODUk(k =1, 2(e), 3, 4, or flex).

 Services are transmitted to tributary boards and groomed to line boards through the cross-connect board, encapsulated and mapped to OTU signals on the line boards, and then transmitted to the WDM side.
 Through electrical-layer grooming, services of different granularity are groomed and encapsulated into one wavelength and output to  the WDM side. This enables multiple services to share the bandwidth, greatly improving bandwidth utilization.

Optical-Layer Grooming 
Grooms optical signals at a granularity of wavelength (λ) by flexibly selecting transmission paths.
 After receiving OTU optical signals, the ROADM board creates optical cross-connection paths internally and outputs the signals to specified egresses. Each egress corresponds to a specific path
 Operation personnel can remotely control the transmission paths of optical signals by creating and adjusting cross-connection paths on the NMS
 Optical-layer grooming used together with the ASON technology can implement automatic fault detection and line adjustment to ensure normal transmission of services.

References
Teletraffic

Optical-Layer and Electrical-Layer Grooming
AAC SeaStar. The AAC SeaStar is an amphibious biplane that was produced in kitplane form. The aircraft is built largely of composite materials and features wings that may be easily removed for transport, and a ballistic recovery system in the form of a parachute that can be deployed from the engine nacelle.

AAC also marketed a Super Pétrel model in 2011.

This aircraft should not be confused with another composite-built small flying boat with the same name, the SeaStar Aircraft SeaStar.

Specifications (SeaStar)

See also

References

SeaStar
2000s Canadian civil utility aircraft
Amphibious aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Biplanes
Homebuilt aircraft
Flying boats
Tristar and Red Sector Incorporated. Tristar and Red Sector Incorporated (TRSI) is a demogroup which formed in 1990. It came about from the longest-running cooperation in scene history. RSI existed from 1985, before being joined by the "T" later on. Evolving from the Commodore 64 to the Amiga and later to PC and various game console platforms - like the PlayStation, Xbox, Nintendo - and set-ups like Arduino, Android or Blu-ray, TRSI released a number of digital productions, dedicated to experimenting in phreaking or network alteration. Its members were spread around the world and still contribute to computer scene art and code after more than 27 years of history.

History

1985 to 1987
Red Sector Incorporated (RSI) was founded with a focus on the Commodore 64 as a group for cracks, fixes, trainers, packs, intros and demos. The founders were three suppliers from Canada: Bill Best, Greg and Kangol Kid. After the initial formation in the spring of 1985, The Skeleton and Baudsurfer set up RSI's first domain, "The Pirates Ship" BBS the following summer, which eventually became the "Dawn of Eternity" BBS.

At the end of the year, Irata and Mister Zeropage were asked to join the group and set up a European section in Germany, with Irata being the group's main trader, followed by additional importers in the United States. Slogans at the time included "No risk, no fun - Red Sector Number One" and "Red Sector - The Leading Force". The Light Circle was a basis for several future European members of RSI, a coalition of Radwar Enterprises, Cracking Force Berlin and Flash Cracking Formation.

Red Sector Incorporated first released on the Amiga 1000 in 1986. During the summer, RSI decided to concentrate on the Amiga and formed an Amiga division.

In the beginning of 1987, Red Sector's Commodore 64 section became dormant, to bundle forces on the Amiga. At this time, RSI's first Amiga demo was coded by HQC and released to the Scene. It was followed by the second, "Twilight with Music" by Karsten Obarski. At the end of the year, a short-term cooperation was formed with Ghenna of Defjam, marking the first group cooperation on the Amiga.

References

Bibliography
Tamas Polgar. 2005. Freax - The brief history of the computer Demoscene. CSW Verlag. Pages 107, 140, 155.
Tamas Polgar. 2006. Freax - The Art album. CSW Verlag. Pages 125, 153, 154, 157.
Denis Moschitto and Evrim Sen. 2007. Hackerland - Logfile of the Scene. Social Media Verlag. Glossar.

External links
 RSI official website
 TRSI official website
 TRSI on Pouet Net
 TRSI on CSDb
 TRSI on Scenery Amiga
 TRSI PC cracktros on Defacto2
 TRSI PC file and information repository on Defacto2
 TRSI selected old school files on Scene. Org
 TRSI Recordz Discography
 Amiga Music Preservation All TRSI Amiga Musicians on AMP
 Red Sector Incorporated Megademo
 ROM4.LHA Article by Mop. R.O.M. diskmag, Issue 4 (requires an Amiga or Amiga emulator, such as UAE)
 TRSI History 1998

Demogroups
Warez groups
Computing and society
Adaro Chirta. The Adaro 1.E.7 Chirta was a Spanish military trainer aircraft built shortly before the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War.

Design and development
Designed in 1934 in response to a Spanish Air Force requirement as part of its modernisation programme, the Chirta was a conventional sesquiplane, constructed of wood and metal and seating the student and instructor in tandem open cockpits.  Slightly tapered wings had ailerons only on the upper wings; unusually, these covered the full span.  Fuel was carried in an upper wing tank. There was a cut-out in the trailing edge of the upper wing for better upward visibility from the rear seat; the front seat was under the wing.  A triangular fin carried a slightly rounded, unbalanced rudder.  The tailskid undercarriage had faired wheels on V-form main legs. The Chirta was intended to undertake fighter training and to be fully aerobatic.

Though the exact date of the first flight of the Chirta is not known, by early July 1935 it was flying and sufficiently developed to have taken part in competitive trials for the trainer contract. It was evaluated against the Gil-Pazó GP-1 and Hispano E-34 but was ranked third, so no production contract was awarded. No further examples were built, though the prototype survived undamaged until at least November 1936, when Francoist forces captured Cuatro Vientos, where the trials had taken place.

Specifications

References

1930s Spanish military trainer aircraft
Sesquiplanes