omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Radial piston pump. A radial piston pump is a form of hydraulic pump.  The working pistons extend in a radial direction symmetrically around the drive shaft, in contrast to the axial piston pump.

Construction

The stroke of each piston is caused by an eccentric drive shaft or an external eccentric tappet (e.g., stroke ring).

When filling the workspace of the pumping pistons from "inside" (e.g., over a hollow shaft) it is called an inside impinged (but outside braced) radial piston pump (picture 1). If the workspace is filled from "outside" it's called an outside impinged radial piston pump (but inside braced) (picture 2).

Function 

The general mode of operation will be explained at the movement of one pumping piston by means of picture 1:  The outer ring for bracing of the pumping pistons is in eccentric position to the hollow shaft in the center. This eccentricity determines the stroke of the pumping piston.

The piston starts in the inner dead center (IDC) with suction process. After a rotation angle of 180° it is finished and the workspace of the piston is filled with the moved medium. The piston is now in the outer dead center (ODC). From this point on the piston displaces the previously sucked medium in the pressure channel of the pump.

Attributes 

These kinds of piston pumps are characterized by the following advantages:
 high efficiency
 high pressure (up to  1,000 bar or 14000psi)
 low flow and pressure ripple (due to the small dead volume in the workspace of the pumping piston)
 low noise level
 very high load at lowest speed due to the hydrostatically balanced parts possible
 no axial internal forces at the drive shaft bearing
 high reliability

A disadvantage is the bigger radial dimensions in comparison to the axial piston pump, but it could be compensated with the shorter construction in axial direction.

Applications 

Due to the hydrostatically balanced parts it is possible to use the pump with various hydraulic fluids like mineral oil, biodegradable oil, HFA (oil in water), HFC (water-glycol), HFD (synthetic ester) or cutting emulsion. That implies the following main applications for a radial piston pump:

 machine tools (e.g., displace of cutting emulsion, supply for hydraulic equipment like cylinders)
 high pressure units (HPU) (e.g., for overload protection of presses)
 test rigs
 automotive sector (e.g., automatic transmission, hydraulic suspension control in upper-class cars)
 plastic- and powder injection molding
 wind energy

See also 
Axial piston pump
Hydraulics
Pump

References

Pumps
17 cm K (E). The 17 cm Kanone in Eisenbahnlafette (17 cm K (E)) was a German railroad gun used in the Second World War.

Design & History
This weapon was designed with the intent of replacing the 15 cm K (E) mounted on the same carriage, although only 6 were built before it was realized that both guns were too small to justify railroad mounts. The gun was mounted on a simple pivot mount on a ballrace on a well-base flatcar with four outriggers. In action the outriggers and their jacks would be dropped to stabilize the gun and absorb the firing recoil. In addition jacks locked the spring suspension, bore on the surface of the rails and screw clamps gripped the rails for more stability. The elderly 17 cm Schnelladekanone L/40 was used because it was available in some numbers, having been designed as the casemate gun for the  predreadnought battleships. It fired a 17 cm Sprgr L/4.7 KZ mit Hb shell weighing . This was a standard HE shell with a nose fuze beneath a ballistic cap.

They spent the war assigned to Artillerie-Batteries 717 and 718 (E) along the Channel coast.

References 
* Engelmann, Joachim and Scheibert, Horst. Deutsche Artillerie 1934-1945: Eine Dokumentation in Text, Skizzen und Bildern: Ausrüstung, Gliederung, Ausbildung, Führung, Einsatz. Limburg/Lahn, Germany: C. A. Starke, 1974
 François, Guy. Eisenbahnartillerie: Histoire de l'artillerie lourd sur voie ferrée allemande des origines à 1945. Paris: Editions Histoire et Fortifications, 2006
 Gander, Terry and Chamberlain, Peter. Weapons of the Third Reich: An Encyclopedic Survey of All Small Arms, Artillery and Special Weapons of the German Land Forces 1939-1945. New York: Doubleday, 1979 
 Hogg, Ian V. German Artillery of World War Two. 2nd corrected edition. Mechanicsville, PA: Stackpole Books, 1997 
 Kosar, Franz. Eisenbahngeschütz der Welt. Stuttgart: Motorbook, 1999 

World War II artillery of Germany
Railway guns
173 mm artillery
Military equipment introduced in the 1930s

pl:15 cm Kanone (Eisenbahn)
Belize Electricity Limited. Belize Electricity Limited (BEL) is the primary distributor of electricity in Belize, Central America.

Aggregate energy sold was approximately 588.4 gigawatt hours (GWh) in 2019, up from 554.4 GWh in 2018. The Company served a customer base of over 100,000 accounts, an increase of over 1100 accounts in 2018, with a peak power demand of approximately 105.6 megawatts (MW) during the year.

BEL’s national electricity grid connects all major municipalities (load centers), except for Caye Caulker, with approximately 1,900 miles of transmission and primary distribution lines. Caye Caulker is server by an off-grid power station.  

The grid is primarily supplied by local Independent Power Producers (IPP) utilizing hydroelectricity, biomass, petroleum and solar energy sources, and is secured and stabilized by the interconnection with Mexico. BEL also operates a gas turbine plant as a standby plant for energy security and reliability.  As of 2019, 58.6% of electrical production was renewable, making Belize the number one renewable energy producer (by percentage produced) in the Caribbean.

The Government of Belize is the largest shareholder in BEL, with direct ownership of 32.58% interest in the Company. The Social Security Board owns 31.27% interest in the Company, so that the public sector interest amounts to 63.85%. Fortis Inc. owns 33.30%, and over 1,500 small shareholders own the remaining 2.85% interest in ordinary shares.

References

External links
 Belize Electricity Limited
 Public Utilities Commission

Electric power companies of North America
Energy companies established in 1950
1950 establishments in British Honduras
Electric power in Belize
St. Xavier's College of Engineering. St. Xavier's Catholic College of Engineering is an Autonomous institution which is owned, administered and run by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kuzhithurai. Rev. Dr. M. Maria William is the current Correspondent of the college. It was established in 1998 by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kottar. It is located 5 km west of main town Nagercoil. The college is approved by the government of Tamil Nadu and is recognized by AICTE, New Delhi. The college is affiliated to Anna University, Chennai.

The college is situated in the lap of the Western Ghats at Chunkankadai in Kanyakumari District, overlooking the highway, NH 47. In June 2002, the institution was awarded the ISO 9001:2000 certificate by STQC certification services. The institution has been accredited by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) with 'A' Grade. All UG Programs of the institution, except B.Tech.(AI&DS), are accredited by National Board of Accreditation (NBA) and all courses are permanently affiliated by Anna University, Chennai. The college is recognized under 2f&12B of the UGC act, 1956.

This is the first College in Kanyakumari District to get accredited by NAAC with 'A' Grade and all UG Programmes (except B.Tech.(AI&DS)) accredited by NBA.The college has seven Research centers which are consisting of Thirty Six research supervisors of Anna University, Chennai, among the total of Sixty Four doctoral degree holders of various disciplines from this institution.

This college became an Autonomous Institution on its Silver Jubilee year( ie, 25th year) in 2022.

References

External links
 

Catholic universities and colleges in India
Private engineering colleges in Tamil Nadu
Colleges affiliated to Anna University
Universities and colleges in Kanyakumari district
Educational institutions established in 1998
1998 establishments in Tamil Nadu
Amrita College of Engineering & Technology. Amrita College of Engineering & Technology (ACET), formerly Sun College of Engineering is an engineering college located at Erachakulam, Nagercoil in Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu, India. Established in 1999 by the ACP Education Trust, it was acquired by the Mata Amritanandamayi Math and renamed in 2018. In 2024, all programs in this institute were closed progressively and the campus subsequently became part of Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University.

Campus
It is located  north-west of Main-town Nagercoil, at Erachakulam. The college campus spans over . The total built up area over  of the institution includes accommodating lecture halls, laboratories, staff rooms, libraries and workshop.

List of institutions
The campus contains an engineering college, a polytechnic college and a college of education (Co- Education). The college of engineering was approved by AICTE, New Delhi and affiliated to Anna University, Chennai offering five full-time undergraduate and two full-time postgraduate engineering programmes and management studies to students. BE/BTech admissions for Govt. quota seats are filled as per government of Tamil Nadu norms through TNEA(Tamil Nadu Engineering Admissions) counselling conducted by the Anna University and the management quota seats are filled through regulated management seat procedures done by the Consortium of Private Self Financing Arts, Science and Engineering Colleges. In every course, 65% of the seats are filled through counselling and 35% of the seats by management quota. From 2023-24, all programs of all three colleges were discontinued phased out progressively.

See also
Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham
List of institutions of higher education in Tamil Nadu

References

Private engineering colleges in Tamil Nadu
Colleges affiliated to Anna University
Universities and colleges in Kanyakumari district
Educational institutions established in 1999
1999 establishments in Tamil Nadu

Universities and colleges affiliated with the Mata Amritanandamayi Math
Wassmer WA-51 Pacific. The Wassmer WA-51 Pacific is a French four-seat cabin monoplane designed and built by Société Wassmer. Different-powered variants include the Wassmer WA-52 Europa and the Wassmer WA-54 Atlantic.  It was the world's first composite material-built aircraft.

Design and development
Having manufactured glass-fibre cowlings for Bébé, D112 and D120 Jodels, increasing number of glass-fibre parts for their Javelot, Bijave and Super-Javelot gliders, and then Super-IV aircraft, in 1966 Wassmer first flew the glass-fibre WA-50 prototype, a single-engined four-seat cabin monoplane with a retractable tricycle landing gear. Originally designed as a three-seater powered by a 115cv Potez engine, engine unavailability at the time resulted in a 150cv Lycoming O-320 being used instead and the aircraft becoming a 4-seater.  Using the same profile as the Super-IV but only 8.6m span, and compensated with large slotted flaps, the wings were formed from two moulded halves and contained two 70 litre fuel tanks.  The fuselage was also manufactured as two halves, and featured butterfly doors.

The design entered production as the WA-51 Pacific with a fixed tricycle landing gear. The low-wing cantilever monoplane was powered by a nose-mounted 150 hp (112 kW) Lycoming O-320-E2A piston engine. A variant, powered by a 160 hp (119 kW) Lycoming IO-320-B1A was called the WA-52 Europa. Further refinements produced the 180 hp (134 kW) Lycoming O-360-A1LD powered WA-54 Atlantic.

Variants
WA-50
Prototype with retractable landing gear, first flew 22 March 1966, one built, registration F-WNZZ. Fuselage is color molded with integral leading edge fuel tanks.
WA-51 Pacific
Production version first flown in 1969 with a 150hp (112kW) Lycoming O-320-E2A engine, 39 built.
WA-52 Europa
As WA-51 with a 160hp (119kW) Lycoming IO-320-B1A engine, 59 built.
WA-53
Proposed variant with a 125hp Lycoming engine, not built.
WA-54 Atlantic
WA-51 with refinements and a 180hp (134kW) Lycoming O-360-A1LD engine, 55 built.

Specifications (WA-54 Atlantic)

See also
 Windecker Eagle

References

Bibliography
Battarel, Michel (1966).  Chez Wassmer, l'avion "tout plastique" devient une réalité.  Air et Cosmos, 141 pp. 36–38

1960s French civil utility aircraft
Wassmer aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1966
Single-engined piston aircraft
Einheitsempfänger. In August 1939, Nazi Germany introduced the Einheits-Fernseh-Empfänger E1 (i.e. Unitary-TV-receiver E1), also called Volksfernseher (i.e. People's TV), a 441-line, 25 interlaced frames per second (or more correctly 50 fields per second) television system. The TV was presented to the public in the 16th International radio exhibition Berlin.

History
The project started in 1938, associating the Reichspost and several companies, including Bosch, Blaupunkt,  Loewe, Lorenz, TeKaDe and Telefunken. The objective was to produce 10,000 units, but the start of World War II caused only about 50 devices to be installed in military hospitals and various government departments. The Berlin transmitter was destroyed by Allied bombing in November 1943.

Like British televisions of the era, the Einheitsempfänger could receive only one channel with its frequency pre-tuned at the factory to reduce construction costs.

Surviving sets

Only a few surviving and functioning units are known:
 Museum for Communication Berlin (Telefunken)
 Museum for Communication Berlin (Blaupunkt, incomplete)
 Museum of Communication in Frankfurt (Telefunken, with a new speaker, otherwise completely preserved)
 Private collection of August-Peter Nehrig (Telefunken, completely preserved)
 German Museum of Technology, Berlin (reproduction without original chassis and a new speaker fabric)
 University of Mittweida (Blaupunkt, with a new speaker material, condition unknown)
 Fuerth Radio Museum (original chassis with power transformer in the exhibition)
 Fuerth Radio Museum (functional, for demonstration)

Technical data for a typical set
 Case dimensions (W×H×D): 65 cm × 37 cm × 38 cm
 Image size: 19.5 cm × 22.5 cm, 29 cm diagonal; aspect ratio 15:13 (approx 3.46:3)
 Power consumption: 185 W in television reception mode, 60 W in radio reception mode

See also
 History of television in Germany

References 

 Fernsehen und Tonfilm, (i.e. Television and Sound film, journal) October 1939

Television sets
History of telecommunications in Germany
German inventions of the Nazi period
1939 introductions
Icar Air. Icar Air is a privately owned passenger and cargo charter airline based in Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

History
The company was formed in 2000 and operated a Boeing 737. It currently leases aircraft (ACMI), and operates ad hoc charter flights. The company holds a DHL Aviation contract for Bosnia and Herzegovina and operates a scheduled freight service between Sarajevo and Ancona.

Fleet

The Icar Air fleet includes the following aircraft as of February 2023:

 1 Saab 340
 1 Let L-410 Turbolet UVP-E

The airline previously operated the following aircraft:

 1 B737-300
 1 Let L-410 Turbolet

References

Airlines of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Airlines established in 2000
Cargo airlines
2000 establishments in Bosnia and Herzegovina
International Journal of River Basin Management. International Journal of River Basin Management is a quarterly academic journal issued for the first time during the Third World Water Forum in Kyoto, March 2003. It is published in print and electronic format by Taylor & Francis, on behalf of the International Association of Hydraulic Engineering and Research, the International Association of Hydrological Sciences and the International Network of Basin Organizations.

Abstracting and indexing
 Academic Search Complete
 GeoRef
 TOC Premier
 GEOBASE (Elsevier)
 Scopus
 GeoRef

External links 
 
 Print: 
 Online: 

Environmental social science journals
Quarterly journals
Academic journals established in 2003
English-language journals
Taylor & Francis academic journals
Perimeter (disambiguation). The perimeter is the distance around a given two-dimensional object.

Perimeter  may also refer to:

 Perimeter Aviation, an airline
 Perimeter fence, the demarcation of a perimeter, when the protection of assets, personnel or buildings is required
 Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, an independent research centre in foundational theoretical physics

Places
 Interstate 285 (Georgia) ("The Perimeter"), an Interstate Highway loop encircling Atlanta, Georgia
 Perimeter Center, a major edge city in metro Atlanta, Georgia, United States
 Perimeter Mall, an upscale shopping mall in Dunwoody, Georgia

Technology
 Dead Hand (also ), a Cold War-era automatic nuclear weapons-control system used by the Soviet Union
 Perimeter (video game), a real-time strategy video game developed by Russian studio K-D Lab for Microsoft Windows
 Visual field test (also perimeter), an eye examination that can detect dysfunction in central and peripheral vision

See also
 Perimeter Highway (disambiguation)
LaserLock. LaserLock is a copy restriction system for CD-ROMs with 32-bit Windows applications introduced by MLS LaserLock International Inc. in 1995. LaserLock is supposed to check whether the original storage medium of a program is inserted. This check can be done regularly or only once during the installation of the program. If the disk is not accessible, an error window is displayed.

It uses a combination of encryption software and an optical mark on the surface of the disk. The protection code is embedded into an executable file on the disk using a proprietary tool. This file, which is responsible for searching for the physical mark on the disk, is encrypted and gets multiple layers of protection against code analysis to impede reverse engineering.
The size of the encrypted file varies from 20 MB on CD-ROMs to 40 MB on DVD-ROMs or occasionally only 5 MB.
LaserLock includes a hidden directory on the disk which contains corrupted data. When the disk is copied, the read device encounters errors due to the hidden directory.
Copying leads to unstable behavior of the copied software and often to bad sectors that make it impossible to use without the original disk.

Notes

See also 
 Official FAQ

Compact Disc and DVD copy protection
Welch OW-5M. 

The Welch OW-5M (along with the OW-6M, OW-7M and OW-8M) were a family of American two-seat light cabin monoplanes designed by Orin Welch based on his first cabin monoplane design, the ACA Falcon. Welch's goal was to design cheap and functional light aircraft. The aircraft is a strut-braced high-wing monoplane with an enclosed cabin with side-by-side seats for two. It is similar in appearance to the Aeronca C-3, save for the wing struts. It had a steerable tailwheel landing gear and a nose-mounted engine. The fuselage was constructed with fabric covered welded steel tubing with a triangular cross section. The controls were mounted overhead with an adjustable control wheel that could be positioned for either pilot. Welch developed their own low-pressure wheels and tires for suspension.

Welch aircraft were first built by Welch Aircraft Industries, then production moved to Wilkes Barre, Pennsylvania in 1940, with the first aircraft christened "The Wyoming Valley". Total production of all types was 55 aircraft, 35 of which were Continental powered OW-5M models.

Variants
OW-5M
Powered by a 40hp (30kW) Continental A-40-4 engine. Type Certificate held by the Hartmann Aircraft Corporation and sometimes described as the Hartmann OW-5M. 38 aircraft
OW-6M
Powered by a 37hp (28kW) Aeronca E-113-B engine. Type Certificate held by Stewart Aircraft Industries and sometimes described as the Stewart OW-6M. 7 aircraft
OW-6S
OW-6 with 45hp Szekely SR-30 and experimental, two-speed gear-reduction system regn. no NX14521, c/n 110.
OW-7M
Powered by a 45hp (36kW) Welch O-2 engine. 8 aircraft
OW-8M
Powered by a Franklin 4-AC-150 engine. 2 aircraft
OW-9M
Proposed variant with a Lycoming O-145, not built.
Welch ACE Falcon
A prototype fitted with an 60hp Anzani radial engine

Survivors
 An OW-8M built from an uncompleted factory OW-5M is on display at the Airpower Museum, Iowa, United States.
 A scale model of the OW is displayed in the atrium lobby of the South Bend Regional Airport (KSBN).

Specifications (OW-5M)

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

 
 FAA Type Certificate #637 for the OW5M
 FAA Type Certificate #636 for the OW6M

External links
Information on the Orin Welch Aircraft Company

1930s United States civil utility aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1931
Single-engined tractor aircraft
EMC Motorcycles. EMC Motorcycles or the Ehrlich Motor Co was a British motorcycle manufacturer. Based in Isleworth, the business was founded by Joseph Ehrlich who emigrated to the United Kingdom from Austria in the 1930s.

A specialist engine tuner, Joe Ehrlich made unique two-stroke motorcycles. EMC stopped mass production in 1952 but Ehrlich used his knowledge of German technology to re-engineer the DKW Rennsport Ladepumpe production racers, which he developed as one-off EMC racing bikes and won several events over the next 25 years. The EMC 125 cc racer was considered among the fastest of its size in the early 1960s. Ehrlich left in 1967 and the company was wound up in 1977.

History

Dr Joseph Ehrlich was a wealthy Austrian and keen motorcycle enthusiast who became the acknowledged authority on two-stroke single racing bikes.  Ehrlich moved to the UK and set up EMC after the Second World War with a factory at Isleworth. Production focused on a 350 cc split-single motorcycle based on German engineering using two cylinders and pistons with a common combustion chamber. One cylinder housed the exhaust ports and the other the transfer ports. EMC also imported Puch 125 cc split-single, four-speed engines from Austria as there was nothing to compete in the UK market at the time.  

Dr Ehrlich worked throughout his life to improve engine performance. In 1948 he built a three-cylinder motorcycle engine that was banned from racing circuits as "too powerful". EMC racing motorcycles (and cars) were used by some of the leading riders, including Mike Hailwood who rode an EMC to fifth place in the 1962 125 cc world championship and won the 1962 Saar Grand Prix. From 1981, 250 cc EMC motorcycles won 4 Junior TTs at the Isle of Man and an EMC was the first 250 cc motorcycle to break the  lap record. Ehrlich went on to develop Formula 3 racing cars and although he retired from EMC in 1967 his interest in racing motorcycles continued and he produced one-off 250 cc Rotax-engined bikes in the 1980s and his last competitive motorcycle in 1995 – when he was in his 80s.

Ehrlich's experience with early two-stroke designs led to work on the 'Environmental Engine' that had variable compression and variable capacity to improve emission and fuel consumption. Potentially the future of engine technology, Josef Ehrlich died in September 2003 aged 89 without seeing his engine designs developed commercially.

Models

See also
List of motorcycles by type of engine
List of motorcycles of the 1950s

References

External links
 EMC Image Gallery

Defunct motorcycle manufacturers of the United Kingdom
British companies established in 1946
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1946
Companies disestablished in 1977
1946 establishments in England
1977 disestablishments in England
Companies based in the London Borough of Hounslow
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of England
British companies disestablished in 1977