omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Indian Geotechnical Society. The Indian Geotechnical Society (IGS) aims at promoting co-operation amongst engineers and scientists for the advancement and dissemination of knowledge in the fields of Soil Mechanics, Foundation Engineering, Soil Dynamics, Engineering Geology, Rock Mechanics, Snow and Ice Mechanics and allied fields and their practical applications. It provides a common forum for academics, research workers, designers, construction engineers, equipment manufacturers and others interested in geotechnical activity.

Awards

Awards numbering over twenty have been instituted by the IGS for outstanding technical papers published through the Society. Besides, Prof. G. A. Leonards of Purdue University has instituted an award for the best Ph. D. thesis in Geotechnical Engineering.

The IGS - Kueckelmann award is presented once in two years to an eminent geotechnical engineer who has made significant contribution to the profession in India. So far 16 eminent Geotechnical Engineers have thus been honoured.

To encourage Chapter oriented activities, an Award designated IGS-Ferroco Terzaghi Oration is being instituted for outstanding contribution to Geotechnial Engineering. The Award carries an amount of Rs. One Lakh plus expenses.

 Major IGS Awards (Biennial)
IGS-Ferroco Terzaghi Oration by an Outstanding National/International Geotechnical Engineer. Prize Rs.1 Lakh & expenses. Organised through IGS Chapters.
IGS-Kueckelmann Award of Rs. 35,000 for Outstanding cumulative contribution in Geotechnical Engineering.
IGS-AIMIL Shri H.C. Verma Memorial cash Award of Rs.25,000/- on Innovative Instrumentation.
IGS-Prof. Dinesh Mohan Prize for Excellence in Geotechnical Practices.
IGS-Prof. Leonards’ Prize for the Best Doctoral Dissertation in Geotechnical Engineering.
 Some of the IGS Best Paper Awards (Biennial)
IGS-AIMIL Prize for the best paper published in the Indian Geotechnical Journal.
IGS-HEICO Prize for the best paper on Rock Mechanics published in Indian Geotechnical Journal.
IGS-AIMIL Prize for the best paper on Instrumentation.
IGS-AFCONS Prize for the best paper on Case Histories.
IGS-Shri B. N. Gupta, Madras Prize for the best paper on Shallow Foundations.
IGS-Smt Indra Joshi Prize for the best paper in National / International Conferences / Symposia.
IGS-ONGC Prize for the best paper on Special Studies in the Area of Marine Geotechnical Engineering.
IGS-Dr. Shamsher Prakash Prize for the best paper on Soil Dynamics.
 IGS-Prof. Dinesh Mohan Prize for the best paper on Pile Foundation.
IGS-Dr B. B. Rai - Shri S. N. Gupta Prize for the best paper on Earth and Earth-Retaining Structures.

Local Chapters

To promote closer interaction amongst geotechnical engineers spread all over the country, local chapters of the Society were introduced in 1968 and at present Thirty local chapters are functional.

References

Indian engineering organisations
Meitetsu 6000 series. The  is a commuter electric multiple unit type operated by Nagoya Railroad (Meitetsu) in Japan since 1976. In the narrow sense of the word, the 6000 series is the type produced from 1976, but in the broad sense, it includes later series, namely the 6500 series, and the 6800 series.

6000 series 
The 6000 series began service in 1976.

In 1977, the series won the Blue Ribbon Award for outstanding design by the Japan Railfan Club.

By 1984, 140 cars had been manufactured.

6500 series 
By 1984, it had become apparent that the 6000 series needed to be expanded. However, at this time, a design change was considered. At this time, regenerative braking via field choppers had started to become commonplace as a proven technology. 

The first sets appeared in 1984. 

The sixth batch of the series featured a complete remodel of the cab exterior.

6800 series 
The 6800 series began appearing in 1987 as an upgraded 2-car version of the 6000 series.

Sets constructed from 1989 onwards featured updated bodywork.

By 1991, 39 2-car trains had been constructed.

References

External links
 
 
 

Electric multiple units of Japan
6000 series
Train-related introductions in 1976
Nippon Sharyo multiple units
1500 V DC multiple units of Japan
Your Shape: Fitness Evolved. Your Shape: Fitness Evolved is a fitness game developed and published by Ubisoft. The game was released in November 2010 as a launch title for Kinect, a motion tracking sensor accessory for the Xbox 360. It was later ported to Japan for release on December 9, 2010. It is a sequel to  Your Shape, making it the second game in the franchise.

Gameplay
The game uses "player projection" technology to capture the player's shape and form, dynamically incorporate them into the in-game environment, and tailor routines for the player. The game also features more emphasis on the use of resistance training, along with exercise programs developed in partnership with the magazines Men's Health and Women's Health. The game allows the player to track the calories loss, while following personal goals to work for.

Downloadable content
The game also features new routines and programs as downloadable content; Ubisoft initially released two programs as DLC in December 2010, The Toned Body Program and Cardio Boxing Platinum, and promised a total of 12 packs would be released for the game. with the third pack coming in January 2011. The game also features integration with Ubisoft's Uplay platform, allowing users to track, share their progress, and send challenges to other players online.

Reception

The game received above-average reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic.

IGN considered that while it was not a "perfect" game (considering it was only an initial title for Kinect, and due to accuracy issues), it was still one of the best health games for Kinect, praising the level of feedback and motivation the game provides for players to perform the exercises correctly, and its futuristic Minority Report-styled graphical look and environments (which set it apart from the more "cartoonish" look of other Kinect games).

Sequels
A sequel was released in 2011, Your Shape: Fitness Evolved 2012, along with another sequel announced at E3 2012, Your Shape: Fitness Evolved 2013, for the Wii U.

References

External links

2010 video games
Fitness games
Kinect games
Ubisoft games
Video game sequels
Video games developed in Canada
Xbox 360 games
Xbox 360-only games
Bousso's holographic bound. The Bousso bound captures a fundamental relation between quantum information and the geometry of space and time. It appears to be an imprint of a unified theory that combines quantum mechanics with Einstein's general relativity. The study of black hole thermodynamics and the information paradox led to the idea of the holographic principle: the entropy of matter and radiation in a spatial region cannot exceed the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy of the boundary of the region, which is proportional to the boundary area. However, this "spacelike" entropy bound fails in cosmology; for example, it does not hold true in our universe.

Raphael Bousso showed that the spacelike entropy bound is violated more broadly in many dynamical settings. For example, the entropy of a collapsing star, once inside a black hole, will eventually exceed its surface area. Due to relativistic length contraction, even ordinary thermodynamic systems can be enclosed in an arbitrarily small area.

To preserve the holographic principle, Bousso proposed a different law, which does not follow from black hole physics: the covariant entropy bound or Bousso bound. Its central geometric object is a lightsheet, defined as a region traced out by non-expanding light-rays emitted orthogonally from an arbitrary surface B. For example, if B is a sphere at a moment of time in Minkowski space, then there are two lightsheets, generated by the past or future directed light-rays emitted towards the interior of the sphere at that time. If B is a sphere surrounding a large region in an expanding universe (an anti-trapped sphere), then there are again two light-sheets that can be considered. Both are directed towards the past, to the interior or the exterior. If B is a trapped surface, such as the surface of a star in its final stages of gravitational collapse, then the lightsheets are directed to the future.

The Bousso bound evades all known counterexamples to the spacelike bound. It was proven to hold when the entropy is approximately a local current, under weak assumptions. In weakly gravitating settings, the Bousso bound implies the Bekenstein bound and admits a formulation that can be proven to hold in any relativistic quantum field theory. The lightsheet construction can be inverted to construct holographic screens for arbitrary spacetimes.

A more recent proposal, the quantum focusing conjecture, implies the original Bousso bound and so can be viewed as a stronger version of it. In the limit where gravity is negligible, the quantum focusing conjecture predicts the quantum null energy condition, which relates the local energy density to a derivative of the entropy. This relation was later proven to hold in any relativistic quantum field theory, such as the Standard Model.

References 

Quantum gravity
Quantum mechanics
Black holes
Christian Karsten Hansen. Christian Karsten Hansen (born 18 August 1966) is a Danish biotechnology entrepreneur, investor and inventor, with work in new drugs, molecular biology and biochemistry.

Personal background 
Originally from Copenhagen (Denmark), he spent his childhood in Antwerp, Belgium and Caracas, Venezuela before completing high school at Sorø Academy in 1984. Following graduation as MSc chemical engineering from the Technical University of Denmark in 1989, PhD work in molecular biology and biochemistry was conducted at the Pasteur Institute, France and the University of Salamanca, Spain. He also completed an MBA from the Edinburgh Business School, Scotland.

Professional background 
Hansen held positions as senior scientist and director of intellectual property management at Novo Nordisk 1992–1999, and was a member of Enzyme Research Management. He co-founded one of the early Danish biotechnology companies, Profound Pharma, in 1999, with Jan Møller Mikkelsen, and remained co-CEO thereof until its acquisition by Maxygen in 2000.
In 2001, he co-founded the investment firm Nordic Biotech Advisors, subsequently renamed NB Capital. Also in 2001, he founded C Hansen Invest.

Since 2001, Hansen has co-founded and/or been a board member of numerous privately held and listed biotechnology companies including Osteologix, Nuevolution, Curalogic, Forward Pharma, Rose Pharma, Poalis, Aditech Pharma, Veloxis Pharmaceuticals, H Pharmaceuticals, Isar Pharma, and ParaTech.

Patents 
Hansen has filed numerous patent applications in the fields of genetics of bacteria, cellulases and other enzymes, osteoporosis, and protein engineering and uses of biopharmaceuticals. He is named as inventor of issued European patents 510091, 1250154, 1425304, 1534305, 1622629, 1622630, 1732575, 1745791 2266584 and 2266585, and US patents 5,843,720, 5,916,796, 6,066,473, 6,555,660, 6,646,110, 6,831,158, 7,230,081, 7,232,562, 7,504,237, 7,550,565, 7,550,566, 7,595,342, 7,696,153 and 8,541,471.

Various compounds from these companies and patents are in mid and late stages of clinical development.

References 

Living people
1966 births
Biotechnologists
Businesspeople from Copenhagen
Danish company founders
University of Salamanca alumni
20th-century Danish inventors
21st-century Danish inventors
People educated at Sorø Academy
Arion (software). Arion is a physically based, unbiased render engine developed by RandomControl.

Versions
Arion standalone is a general purpose rendering tool with a visual UI. There are also versions that integrate into 3ds Max and Rhinoceros.

See also
 POV-Ray - A historical raytracer.
 Octane Render - A commercial unbiased GPU-accelerated renderer.
 Sunflow - An open source unbiased renderer.

References

External links
 

Rendering systems
IES College of Engineering. IES College of Engineering (IESCE) is an engineering college situated in Chittilappilly, in Thrissur district, Kerala, India. The college is run by Ideal Education Society. The college is affiliated to APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University and the University of Calicut. It started functioning in August 2003.

Departments
The college has six engineering departments and two allied departments.

 Engineering departments
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
 Department of Civil Engineering
 Department of Computer Science and Engineering
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

 Allied departments
 Department of Humanities
 Department of Placement and Training

References

External links
 

Engineering colleges in Thrissur district
All India Council for Technical Education
Colleges affiliated with the University of Calicut
Chlorine azide. Chlorine azide  () is an inorganic compound that was discovered in 1908 by Friedrich Raschig. 
Concentrated  is notoriously unstable and may spontaneously detonate at any temperature.

Preparation and handling
Chlorine azide is prepared by passing chlorine gas over silver azide, or by an addition of acetic acid to a solution of sodium hypochlorite and sodium azide.

Explosive characteristics
Chlorine azide is extremely sensitive. It may explode, sometimes even without apparent provocation; it is thus too sensitive to be used commercially unless first diluted in solution. Chlorine azide reacts explosively with 1,3-butadiene, ethane, ethene, methane, propane, phosphorus, silver azide, and sodium. On contact with acid, chlorine azide decomposes, evolving toxic and corrosive hydrogen chloride gas.

Regulatory information
Its shipment is subject to strict reporting requirements and regulations by the US Department of Transportation.

References

External links

Azido compounds
Explosive chemicals
Explosive gases
Substances discovered in the 1900s
Chlorine compounds
Pseudohalogens
Flying K Sky Raider. The Flying K Sky Raider is a family of American, high wing, strut-braced, single engine, conventional landing gear ultralight aircraft that was designed by Ken Schrader and produced by Flying K Enterprises and later Sky Raider LLC of Caldwell, Idaho for amateur construction.

Design and development
First flown in 1996, the original Sky Raider is a single seater designed as an FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles compliant aircraft with an empty weight within that category's  empty weight limit, when equipped with a light enough engine. The Sky Raider can also be built in the US homebuilt and light-sport aircraft categories and in the United Kingdom as a BCAR Section S microlight. The design was developed from the Avid Flyer and the Denney Kitfox and the designer formerly worked for both those companies.

The aircraft has a 4130 steel tube frame fuselage and a wing constructed from aluminium tubing, all covered in doped fabric. The wings are equipped with slotted-style flaps and fold for transport or storage without a requirement to disconnect the  flaps and ailerons. The landing gear is bungee suspended. The Sky Raider has a fully enclosed cockpit design, allowing flying in cooler weather. The Sky Raider is available as a kit, including quick-build options, including a pre-welded fuselage and quick-build wings. The power range is  and original standard engine specified was the  Rotax 277 with the  Rotax 447 as an optional, although the additional weight would probably put the aircraft in the US homebuilt category.

The Sky Raider can be equipped with floats and skis.

Variants
Sky Raider
Original single seat high wing US FAR Part 103 ultralight powered by a  Rotax 277 or homebuilt powered by  Rotax 447 engine. Production completed
Sky Raider II
 Stretched version with two seats in tandem, a gross weight of , an acceptable power range of . Engines used include the two-stroke  Rotax 503 and the four-stroke   HKS 700E engine. Described as an "intimate tandem two seater" due to the small rear seat space. Production completed.
Super Sky Raider
 Two seats in tandem, a gross weight of , an acceptable power range of . Engines used include the   Jabiru 2200 engine. In production, with fifty completed and flying by 2011.
Frontier
 Two seats in tandem, a gross weight of  and floats as an option. Engines used include the  Lycoming O-290 engine and the  Jabiru 2200. Floats are optional. In production, with two completed and flying by 2011, the construction time is estimated at 300–400 hours.

Specifications (Sky Raider)

See also

References

External links

1990s United States ultralight aircraft
Light-sport aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1996
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
Espenlaub (automobile). The Espenlaub line of automobiles was a series of innovative and unusual vehicles created by Gottlob Espenlaub, a German inventor, between 1928 and 1953.  Although Espenlaub was mainly known for his work on gliders and rocket propulsion, he also worked as a pioneer of aerodynamics and lightweight construction.  The early experimental cars were unusual and unique.  Plans to launch a range of elegant, sporty coupés in the early 1950s fell through for economic reasons, and only a few pre-production vehicles were available for testing.

References

Car manufacturers of Germany
German brands
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1928
German companies established in 1928
Maillon. A maillon, maillon rapide or quick link is a metal link, similar to a carabiner. Maillons have a threaded sleeve  which tightens over a thread, as opposed to a hinged gate like a carabiner, making them stronger, but more difficult to use. Like carabiners, maillons are available in a range of shapes and thicknesses (i.e., strengths), and often offer greater versatility over carabiners as their different shapes and lack of hinged gates allow them to be used in multi-directional load situations.

The word maillon comes from the French language, meaning "link".

Usage 
Maillons are used primarily in climbing and caving. In caving, they are used to make secure and vital connections such as those required when using single rope technique, or for attaching ropes to anchor points. In climbing, they are used to construct leave-in-place abseil anchors. Maillons can also be used for fastening harnesses with a dual attachment point.

Variations 
 The length of the gate opening, and of the maillon itself, can be varied. Suppliers typically have a short and long (symmetrical) oval in their range, as well as other shapes.
 "D" maillon: the central component of a caving harness or single rope technique kit on which all items of equipment are attached. So called because it is shaped like the letter D.
 "Delta" maillon: a variation of the D maillon, the delta maillon is triangular in shape, rather than semi-circular.

References 

Climbing equipment
Caving equipment
Self-leveling concrete. Self-leveling concrete has polymer-modified cement that has high flow characteristics and, in contrast to traditional concrete, does not require the addition of excessive amounts of water for placement. Self-leveling concrete is typically used to create a flat and smooth surface with a compressive strength similar to or higher than that of traditional concrete prior to installing interior floor coverings. Self-leveling concrete has increased in popularity as the degree of flatness and smoothness required for floor covering products has increased, with vinyl goods becoming thinner and floor tiles becoming larger, for example.

Self-consolidating (or self-compacting) concrete (SCC) is a separate type of highly mobile (fluid) concrete formulation, which is based on superplasticizers, and is therefore also somewhat self-leveling.

History
Self-leveling concrete was invented in 1952 by Axel Karlsson from Sweden. The first product was a combination of wood glue, fine sand and cement with additives. It was called flytspackel, which directly translates to "floating putty".

The term self-leveling can be traced back to a patent applied by the company Lafarge in 1997. The term is used to differentiate it from traditional concrete, which is typically stiffer and requires more labor to get into place and finish with a trowel.

Application

In the category of self-leveling concrete there are two main groups of materials: underlayments and toppings. An underlayment is installed over an existing subfloor to smooth it out and correct any surface irregularities prior to the installation of all types of floor coverings, including sheet vinyl, vinyl composition tile (VCT), wood, ceramic tile and carpet. A topping performs a similar function but acts as the actual finished floor without the need for a floor covering. Some typical applications for concrete toppings include warehouse floors, light industrial applications, retail stores and institutional facilities. Concrete toppings can also receive color, stains, saw cuts or mechanical polishing to produce a decorative concrete finished wear surface.

When self-leveling concrete is poured, it has a viscosity similar to that of pancake batter. A gauge rake is used to move it into place without spreading it too thin. The finishing is then done by lightly breaking the surface tension of the product using a tool called a smoother. The polymers in the self-leveling mix keep the viscosity of the product such that it remains uniform in composition from top to bottom without the sand aggregates sinking to the bottom of the installed layer. The typical installation thickness of these products is about  to ensure there is enough mass present for the material to flow, although some self-leveling products now exist that can be installed at an average thickness of only .

See also
 Self-consolidating concrete (also known as self-compacting concrete and abbreviated to SCC)

References

Concrete
List of presidents of the Institution of Electrical Engineers. This is a list of presidents of the Institution of Electrical Engineers from its formation in 1871 until 2005, the date of amalgamation with the Institution of Incorporated Engineers to form the Institution of Engineering and Technology. Prior to 1889 the Institution was known as the Society of Telegraph Engineers and Electricians.

List of presidents
Source: IET Archives

1871–1899

1900–1999

2000–2005
2000	Professor John Edwin Midwinter FREng FRS
2001	Professor Brian Mellitt FREng DIC
2002	Professor Michael John Howard Sterling FREng
2003	Sir David Brown FREng CEng BSc DMS
2004	Professor John O'Reilly FREng
2005	Sir John Chisholm FREng CEng (last president)

For presidents from 2005–present, see Presidents of the Institution of Engineering and Technology

References

 
Electrical
Lists of presidents of organizations
Presidents of learned societies
Lists of engineers