omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Institute for Information Industry. The Institute for Information Industry (III); , abbreviated ) was established in 1979 as a Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) to support the communication sector in Taiwan under the supervision of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. It has international partnerships with InBIA, IEEE and Cisco Networking Academy.

Organization 
III is supervised by a Board of Directors and led by the President/CEO. The organization is composed of 3 functional groups: R&D Institutes, Service Units and Operational Supports.

Core Competences

Research and Development 
Network and Multimedia
ITeS
Digital Education
Green ICT

Industry Services 
Industry Think Tank
Science and Technology Law
Industry Incubation

Intellectual Property 
Technology Transfer
Patents

Locations

Headquarters 
III’s headquarters occupies the 8th to 11th floors of the Science and Technology Building.

Branch Offices 
5F, 7F, 8F, 14F, No. 133, Sec. 4 Minsheng East Road, Taipei City 105, Taiwan, R.O.C.
8F, No.151, Sec. 3, Xinyi Road, Taipei City 106, Taiwan, R.O.C.
19F, 22F, No. 216, Sec. 2, Dunhua South Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, R.O.C.
3F-3, No. 2, Fuxing 4th Road, Kaohsiung City, 80661 Taiwan, R.O.C. (Kaohsiung Software Technology Park)
No.2, Wenxian Rd., Nantou City, Nantou County 540, Taiwan (R.O.C.)

Leadership 
Chairman
 2009–2012: Chintay Shih
 2012–2016: Jin-Fu Chang
 2016.5-2016.8: Ta-Sheng Lo (Acting chairman)
 2016.8-2017.9: Yau-Hwang Kuo
 2017.10-present: Dr. Chih-Kung Lee
President
 2010–2012: Chih-Kung Lee
 2012–2016: Ruey-Beei Wu
 2016.5-2016.8: Jonq-Min Liu (Acting president)
 2016.8-2017.10: Jonq-Min Liu
 2017.11-2018.10: Hsiao-Pin Yu (Yuster)
 2018.10-2019.1: Po Jen Hsiao (Acting president)
 2019.1-present: CH Cho

References

External links 

 

1979 establishments in Taiwan
Organizations established in 1979
Research institutes in Taiwan
Non-profit organizations based in Taiwan
Multidisciplinary research institutes
Gambling companies
Contrôle de vitesse par balises. (Speed control by beacons), abbreviated to KVB  is a train protection system used in France and in London St. Pancras International station. It checks and controls the speed of moving trains.

KVB consists of:
The on-board installation, known as  (aboard), which comprises:
An on-board computer (UEVAL) containing a processor, a communication unit and recording equipment
A visual interface for the use of the driver, which
permits data entry regarding the train's speed, length and category.
displays information about the state of the system. It does not replicate trackside signals for the driver (for example, the speed limits are not indicated). This is because the KVB is a train protection system, not a cab-signalling system.
An antenna, placed under the locomotive, to receive information sent by the ground installations.
The ground-based or  (ground) installations, made up of:
Beacons or balises - digital or analogue transponders placed between the two track rails.  These can be fixed beacons (sending a single set of information, e.g. placed at a point where there is a change of speed limit) or switchable beacons (sending a variety of messages, so that one signal can send different sets of information as required).
A coder used as an interface between the existing signal and the switchable beacons.

The on-board computer generates two speed-thresholds based on the received signals from the balises.  If the train is over the speed limit, passing the first speed-threshold, an audible alarm sounds and the control panel indicates to the driver to adjust the train speed without delay. If the second speed threshold is passed, the KVB automatically engages emergency brakes on the train.

The system is an adaptation of a similar system that was used in Sweden, which uses an Intel 8085 microprocessor. The first generation French KVB also used this technology.

The next revisions evolved towards a Motorola 68020 processor and the software was re-written using the B-Method.

The decision to implement this technology was made at the beginning of the 1990s following accidents such as the Flaujac crash in 1985 and the 1991 Melun rail crash.

Every locomotive unit on the French national railway network, except those that operate connected to other locomotives, must be equipped with this system.  More than 5,000 engines, including foreign locomotives that travel within France, are equipped.  The TGV is equipped with this system for all of its routes over conventional rail lines.

A European system for train control, called ETCS, will replace this and many other diverse systems in the various member states of the European Union.
KVB is comparable to ETCS Level 1 Limited Supervision because it offers a beacon-based speed control without any indication for the driver.

Notes

References

External links
  Page about the KVB and the Crocodile
 (PDF) Lines in France equipped with KVB, 2009
  Avis du conseil général des ponts et chaussées, 2008
  Bilan LOTI du KVB, 2008

France
Railway signalling in the United Kingdom
Train protection systems
Hartley TS16. The Hartley TS16 (Trailer Sailer 16 foot) is an Australian trailerable sailing boat that was designed in 1956 by New Zealander Richard Hartley as a day sailer and which later became a one design racer.

The design was based on a traditional New Zealand mullet fishing boat and was the first trailer sailer sailboat design built. Hartley later designed the TS18 and TS21.

Production
Most boats completed have been built by amateur builders using hand tools in residential garages and constructed of wood. Construction time is estimated at 400 hours. Later, some were commercially manufactured of fibreglass over a foam core. The boat was actually designed to fit into a garage. Construction plans are supplied by Hartley Boat Plans of Australia. About 1,800 boats have been completed.

Design
The Hartley TS16 is a recreational centreboard or bilge keel trailable yacht, built predominantly of wood, or of fibreglass over a foam core, with wood trim. It has a fractional sloop rig, originally with wooden spars and later with aluminum. The hull has a slightly raked stem, a near-vertical transom, a transom-hung rudder controlled by a tiller and a centreboard. It displaces .

The boat has a draft of  with the centreboard extended and  with it retracted, allowing beaching or ground transportation on a trailer.

Operational history
A 2001 review in Australian Sailing described the design: "the boat that started the trailer-sailer  movement, the Hartley 16 designed by New Zealander Richard Hartley in the early 1950s, still has good  support and a very active class association in Australia. Hartley designed the boat for ease of construction in plywood with only hand tools by the  home  handyman. Although  boats have been built professionally in fibreglass foam/sandwich, the most  common way of getting on the water in a new boat is to build it in timber from the official plans..."

See also
List of sailing boat types

References

External links

1950s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Sailing yachts of Australia
Trailer sailers
Sailboat type designs by Richard Hartley
Warren truss. In structural engineering, a Warren truss or equilateral truss is a type of truss employing a weight-saving design based upon equilateral triangles. It is named after the British engineer James Warren, who patented it in 1848.

Origins 
It was patented in 1848 by its designers James Warren and Willoughby Theobald Monzani.

Truss 
The Warren truss consists of longitudinal members joined only by angled cross-members, forming alternately inverted equilateral triangle-shaped spaces along its length. This gives a pure truss: each individual strut, beam, or tie is only subject to tension or compression forces, there are no bending or torsional forces on them.

Loads on the diagonals alternate between compression and tension (approaching the centre), with no vertical elements, while elements near the centre must support both tension and compression in response to live loads. This configuration combines strength with economy of materials and can therefore be relatively light. The girders being of equal length, it is ideal for use in prefabricated modular bridges.

It is an improvement over the Neville truss in which the elements form isosceles triangles.

A variant of the Warren truss has additional vertical members within the triangles. These are used when the lengths of the upper horizontal members would otherwise become so long as to present a risk of buckling These verticals do not carry a large proportion of the truss loads; they act mostly to stabilise the horizontal members against breaking down.

Bridges

Architecture 

The Warren truss is a prominent structural feature in hundreds of hastily constructed aircraft hangars in WW2. In the early parts of the war, the British and Canadian government formed an agreement known as the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan which used newly constructed airbases in Canada to train aircrew needed to sustain emerging air forces. Hundreds of airfields, aprons, taxiways and ground installations were constructed all across Canada. Two characteristic features were a triangle runway layout and hangars built from virgin British Columbia timbers with Warren truss configuration roofs. Many still remain in service.

Aircraft 

Warren truss construction has also been used in airframe design and construction, for substantial numbers of aircraft designs.

An early use was for the interplane wing struts on some biplanes. The Italian World War I Ansaldo SVA series of fast reconnaissance biplanes were among the fastest aircraft of their era, while the Handley Page H.P.42 was a successful airliner of the late 1920s and the Fiat CR.42 Falco Falco fighter remained in service until World War II.

The Warren truss is also sometimes used for fuselage frames, such as in the Piper J-3 Cub and Hawker Hurricane.

Notes

Explanatory notes

Citations 

Trusses
Mechanical stoker. A mechanical stoker is a mechanical system that feeds solid fuel like coal, coke or anthracite into the furnace of a steam boiler. They are common on steam locomotives after 1900 and are also used on ships and power stations. Known now as a spreader stoker they remain in use today especially in furnaces fueled by wood pellets or refuse.

There are three types: the over feed, the under feed and the cross feed. The over feed delivers coal on to the top of the coals already in the furnace in the manner of a human working a shovel. The under feeder pushes fresh coal into the bottom of the furnace and then advances it upwards so that it mixes with the burning coal above.

The mechanical means used are, depending on design, combinations of the screw feed, the conveyor belt, the bucket chain, the paddle and the ram. Steam jets  from the boiler or a mechanical catapult may also be used to throw coal into the far reaches of the furnace.

Use in steam locomotives 
The confined working conditions of a locomotive cab meant that the earliest development of the stoker took place in this application. Designers sought  to maximize power output in the locomotive by feeding coal at a rate faster than the fireman could shovel.

In locomotives the stoker was usually powered by a small steam engine located in the tender which drew its steam from the main boiler.

In early designs the coal would still be shovelled by the fireman into a hopper which would feed into a crusher and then a screw or bucket elevator would lift the pulverised coal to a position where it could be mechanically scattered across the burning coals of the furnace by a spreader. The spreader could be jets of steam, mechanical arms, or a fast rotating plate.

Later designs also mechanised the retrieval of the coal from the tender using steam ram powered pushers and/or a helical screw.

Some notable types
The earliest practical design is from 1905 and  was known as the Crawford after D. F. Crawford, Superintendent of Lines West at the Pennsylvania Railroad. This used a system of paddles to push coal forward and it was fed into the firebox at grate level.
The Street type, consisted of a coal crusher, hand-fed by the fireman, that was fitted to the front left hand side of the tender footplate and driven by a small steam engine mounted behind the hand brake column. The crushed coal then fell by gravity into a chute which led to a receiving bin that was fitted below the back buffer beam of the locomotive, from where it was picked up by a bucket elevator travelling in large tubes. The full buckets were carried up in the left hand side tube mounted on the back of the firebox, discharged into a central receiver and then travelled down the right hand side tube.
The Duplex type was manufactured by the Locomotive Stoker Company, Pittsburgh, PA. It used a screw feed to bring coal forward from the tender, and then two vertical screw feeds to raise it into the left and right hand sides of the firebox.

References

Steam locomotive technologies
Locomotive parts
Train-related introductions in 1905
Isotta Fraschini Tipo 8. The Isotta Fraschini Tipo 8 is an Italian luxury car made by Italian manufacturer Isotta Fraschini between 1919 and 1924.

History
The Isotta Fraschini Tipo 8 is an automobile introduced in 1919 by Isotta Fraschini, a company which underwent a complete change after World War I. Until that time building a wide variety of models, the company adopted a single-series policy. Like many high end vehicles of the day, the car came from Isotta Fraschini as a chassis only. Bodies were typically from Italy's top-tier coachbuilders, Carrozzeria Castagna and Cesare Sala, but other European and American coachbuilding firms lent their hands to the task of supplying bodies. It was the first serial produced car in the world to be equipped with a straight-8 engine. With this car the company gained great name and success as a luxury car manufacturer. The main rival of the car was Rolls-Royce. The Tipo 8 was offered only with bare chassis and engine for the coachbuilders.

Drivetrain
The Tipo 8's 5.9-liter overhead valve, overhead cam, was the first inline 8 engine offered in a production car. Initially producing  and soon raised to . There was no exterior intake manifold, instead the twin carburetors attached directly to the block. Transmissions were three-speed manual. The car had top speed of around  to .

Legacy
The Tipo 8 and its revolutionary straight-8 engine were the basis for its successors, the Tipo 8A and Tipo 8B.

See also
Turin Auto Show

Notes 

Tipo 8
Cars introduced in 1919
1920s cars
Western Tool Works (automobile company). Western Tool Works was an American brass era automobile manufacturer in Galesburg, Illinois. The company made Gale automobiles from 1904 to 1910. Early Gale runabouts were notable for having bodywork hinged at the rear of the car that could be lifted to ease access to the engine, essentially making the entire body the hood.

In 1905 Western produced the Gale Model A runabout for sale at . This was less expensive than the high-volume Oldsmobile Runabout at $650, the 2-seat Ford Model C "Doctor's Car" at $850, or the Holsman high wheeler, but more expensive than the Black at $375, and the Success at $250.

The Model A came standard with a  water-cooled engine mounted beneath the tilting body, chain drive,  elliptic springs,  spoke wheels with tube tires, and repair kit.

The same year, Western offered the $650 Gale Model B. Its water-cooled engine, springs, wheels, and tires had the same dimensions as those of the Model A, and it also had chain drive and a repair kit. It offered available leather buggy top, clincher tires, horn, and brass headlights.

In 1907, Western offered the  Gale Model K-7 phaeton at $1,250. The K-7 was a five-seat touring car with a two-cylinder  engine, a wheelbase of , and  wheels.

Notes

References
 
 
 
 

Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States
Motor vehicle manufacturers based in Illinois
1900s cars
History of Illinois
Defunct manufacturing companies based in Illinois
Prestik. Prestik is a rubber-like temporary adhesive that is marketed in South Africa, and manufactured by Bostik. It is water resistant, and can be used in temperatures from -30°C to 100°C. It can be used to secure things in place, such as pieces of paper on walls or fridge doors. It is similar to Blu Tack.

External links
Bostik Prestik data sheet
Manufacturer's Website

Adhesives
MOCNESS. The MOCNESS (acronym for Multiple Opening/Closing Net and Environmental Sensing System) is a towed net system for plankton and particles in the ocean. Consisting of 5-20 nets of variable mesh sizes, it is useful for collecting samples at multiple depths and sizes.

Design and usage 

The system is towed behind a research vessel with a speed of up to  and consists of five to twenty nets with a mesh size from 64 μm to 3 mm and an area of 0.25 to 20 m2 (although the last one is a 2x10 m systems) which are opened and closed computer controlled at desired depth. The net enables biologists to catch zooplankton and nekton in various depth horizons typically anywhere in the upper 6000 m of the oceans. All MOCNESS systems are capable of sampling to 6000 meters depth (10,000 psi). The system includes SeaBird probes to measure salinity and temperature at sampling depths, as well as optional dissolved oxygen, PAR (photosynthetically available light), transmissometry and fluorescence sensors.

Example cruises and discoveries 

In 2008, a MOCNESS system was used on the PFS Polarstern to collect zooplankton samples from  deep, with CTD physiochemical measurements transmitted to the on-board laboratory to confirm net depth and water properties.

A MOCNESS was used to investigate sinking plastic particles at the Great Pacific Garbage Patch in 2018. By closing nets of variable mesh sizes at different depths, microplastic debris was found negatively buoyant at depth and therefore sinking from the surface.

References

Planktology
London Parachute School. The London Parachute School is a BPA affiliated parachuting centre and skydiving drop zone at Chiltern Park Aerodrome  at Ipsden, near Wallingford, Oxfordshire

The drop zone operates a Turbine Cessna 208B Grand Caravan. The centre provides student training in the Ram Air Progression System, Accelerated Freefall (AFF) and tandem skydiving.

References

External links 
 London Parachute School

Parachuting in the United Kingdom
HAL Pushpak. The Hindustan HUL-26 Pushpak ("Flower") was a 1950s Indian two-seat cabin monoplane designed and built by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, based on the Aeronca Chief.

Construction and operation
The Pushpak was a high-wing braced monoplane with a fixed tailwheel landing gear. The fuselage was built from metal tubing, the wing aluminum ribs on a wooden spar, all covered in fabric. The Pushpak first flew on 28 September 1958 and was powered by a 90 hp (67 kW) Continental flat-four engine.

Around 160 aircraft were produced for Indian flying clubs for use as basic trainers. Two examples were gifted to Malaysia and were later sold to private pilot owners in the United Kingdom. These examples remained in active operation in 2013.

Operators

Former

Specifications (HUL-26)

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

 

Pushpak
1950s Indian civil utility aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1958
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
HAL HT-2. The HAL HT-2 is an Indian two-seat primary trainer designed and built by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL). The HT-2 was the first company design to enter production in 1953 for the Indian Air Force and Navy, where it replaced the de Havilland Tiger Moth. The HT-2 is a low-wing cantilever monoplane with a fixed tailwheel landing gear. Powered by a 155 hp (116 kW) Cirrus Major III piston engine, the aircraft has enclosed tandem cockpits with dual controls. Apart from military use, the aircraft was also used by Indian flying schools.

Operators

Military operators

 Ghana Air Force (retired)
12 HAL HT-2s were delivered and used between 1959 and 1974.

 Indian Air Force (retired)
 Indian Navy (retired)

Civilian operators

 Indian Flying schools

Specifications (HT-2)

See also
 List of Indian aircraft

References

 The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982–1985), 1985, Orbis Publishing, Page 2172

External links

 HT-2 - India's First Powered Aircraft 

1950s Indian military trainer aircraft
HT-2
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1951
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
Hiro G2H. The Hiro G2H (or Hiro Navy Type 95 Twin-engined Land-based Attacker) was a 1930s Japanese bomber or reconnaissance monoplane designed and built by the Hiro Naval Arsenal for the Imperial Japanese Navy.

Design and development
The Hiro G2H1 was one of the first long-range land-based bomber/reconnaissance aircraft designed and built for the Imperial Japanese Navy. The prototype appeared in 1933 but suffered from structural weakness. The aircraft was a low-wing, cantilever monoplane powered by two 1,180 hp (880 kW) Type 94 piston engines. The aircraft struggled with the unreliability of the engines, and only eight aircraft were built. The development of the aircraft was costly in both manpower and finance, and the aircraft did not live up to expectations. However, the aircraft did give the Navy experience in the operation of long-range, land-based aircraft, which was to prove invaluable in the later Pacific War.

Operational history
One aircraft was lost in an accident, but the rest operated against the Chinese mainland during the Second Sino-Japanese War. In 1937, five aircraft were destroyed in a fire at their base on Cheju Island.

Operator

Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service

Specifications (G2H1)

References

Notes

Bibliography

 Mikesh, Robert C. and Shorzoe Abe. Japanese Aircraft, 1910-1941. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1990. .
 

G2H
G2H
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1933
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Hirtenberg HS.9. The Hirtenberg HS.9 was an Austrian two-seat touring or training aircraft of the early 1930s.

Design and development
A derivative of the Hopfner HS-5/28 via the Hopfner HS-8/29, the HS.9 was a parasol wing monoplane with a fixed tailskid landing gear and room for two occupants in tandem open cockpits, and first flew as the Hopfner HS-9/32 in 1932, powered by a de Havilland Gipsy I engine. Production versions had Siemens Sh 14 engines with NACA cowlings. A single example of a refined version with an uncowled Siemens engine was flown in 1935 as the Hopfner HS-9/35, shortly before the Hopfner company went bankrupt.

When Hopfner's assets were purchased by Otto Eberhardt Patronenfabrik, production continued of both de Havilland- and Siemens-powered aircraft under the Hirtenberg brand.

Variants
 HS-9/32 - Original version by Hopfner
 HS-9/35 - developed version of HS-9/32
 HS.9 - Production aircraft with a Siemens Sh 14a piston engine.
 HS.9A - Production aircraft with a de Havilland Gipsy Major piston engine.
 HS.16 - military trainer version of HS.9

Operators

Austrian Air Force (1927-1938)

Specifications (HS.9A)

References

Further reading

 

Hopfner aircraft
1930s Austrian civil utility aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1932
Parasol-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft