omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
V9. V9 or V09 may refer to:

Transportation
 Fokker V.9, an experimental aircraft part of a series which led up to the low-production D.VI fighter
 USS V-9 or USS Cuttlefish (SS-171), a Cachalot-class submarine
 Hughes XV-9, a 1960s American experimental helicopter
 V9 Overstreet, a road in Milton Keynes, England
 BAL Bashkirian Airlines (IATA code)
 V9 Overstreet, a network of predominantly national speed limit, fully landscaped routes that form the top layer of the street hierarchy for both private and public transport in Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire
 V9 2937 Bashkirian Airlines Flight 2937, a Tupolev Tu-154 passenger jet, and DHL Flight 611, a Boeing 757 cargo jet, collided in mid-air over Überlingen, a southern German town on Lake Constance
 Škoda-Kauba V9 Czechoslovakian aircraft

Science and technology
 Vivo V9, a smartphone by Vivo
 ATC code V09 (diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals), a subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System
 RAZR V9, a cell phone by Motorola
 SPARC V9, a 64-bit SPARC architecture
 V9 Unix or Version 9 Unix, a version of the Research Unix operating system developed and used internally at the Bell Labs
 Huawei Honor V9, a smartphone made by Huawei under their Honor sub-brand
 TARGET V9, a CAD computer program for EDA and PCB design, developed by Ing.-Büro Friedrich in Germany

Other uses
 V9, a grade in climbing
 V9, a grade in bouldering
 9V (disambiguation)
AFH. AFH or afh may refer to:
 
 Adaptive frequency-hopping spread spectrum, a radio technology
 Adult foster home, residence for elderly or physically disabled adults
 Afrihili language (ISO 639-3 code: afh)
 Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma, a human tumour
 Architecture for Humanity, a charitable organization
 Action for Happiness, a charity in the United Kingdom
 Acceletated Back Hopping, heavy equipment off bunny hop, which gives the ability to accelerate by jumping backwards on the Source game engine
LTR Standard. Within radio technology, LTR (Logic Trunked Radio) Standard systems have no dedicated control channel.  All control data is sent as subaudible data along with voice transmissions.  Each system site can have any number of radio channels from 1 through a maximum of 20. Each channel is made up of one channel controller connected to one radio repeater operating on one frequency.  One controller is assigned as the master or system controller and all the other controllers report to it via a trunking data buss. This connection allows all the repeaters at a site to operate as one LTR system.

Each channel in the system is assigned a unique number (01 through 20) and these need not be sequentially assigned.  Each subscriber radio must be programmed with all channels in the system in proper logical channel order (the same requirement as EDACS systems).  

LTR Standard Talkgroups are written in the format A-HH-GGG.

 "A" is the area code and is either 0 or 1.  The area code is the same for all Talkgroups in a given system site and is arbitrarily chosen by the system operator; the most common use is to simply distinguish between Talkgroups on multiple systems with geographical overlap.
 "HH" is the home repeater number and has twenty possible values, 01 through 20, always noted as two digits.  Talkgroups usually use their home repeater by default, unless the repeater is already in use by other Talkgroups.  If the home repeater is in use, the system controller will assign another free repeater at random.  If no repeater is free (all are in use), then the radio will receive a busy signal.
 "GGG" is the group number and has 254 possible binary values, 001 through 254, always noted as three digits.  Only values 001-250 are valid LTR IDs, the rest are used internally. For example 253 is used by some controllers while the channel is sending it's FCC required Morse code ID. This flags the channel as unavailable during that time.

References

Logic Trunked Radio
Endmember. An endmember (also end-member or end member) in mineralogy is a mineral that is at the extreme end of a mineral series in terms of purity of its chemical composition. Minerals often can be described as solid solutions with varying compositions of some chemical elements, rather than as substances with an exact chemical formula. There may be two or more endmembers in a  group or series of minerals. 

For example, forsterite  () and fayalite () are the two end-members of the olivine solid-solution series, varying in  and  in their chemical composition. So, the chemical formula of olivine can be better expressed as  or .

As another example, the tectosilicate feldspar can be described as a solid solution of the endmembers K-feldspar (), albite () and anorthite (). A specific feldspar can have varying quantities of potassium (K), sodium (Na) and calcium (Ca).

See also
 Larvikite

References

Mineralogy
Biomedical Engineering Society. BMES (the Biomedical Engineering Society) is the professional society for students, faculty, researchers and industry working in the broad area of biomedical engineering. BMES is the leading biomedical engineering society in the United States and was founded on February 1, 1968 "to promote the increase of biomedical engineering knowledge and its utilization."  There are 7,000 members in 2018.

Since 1972, the society has published an academic journal, the Annals of Biomedical Engineering (online archive).

History 
The BMES was first established in Illinois on February 1, 1968 as a non-profit organization that aims to serve the biomedical engineering students, academics, researchers, and professionals. Upon establishing the organization it first had 171 founding members and 89 charter members. 

The BMES held its first meeting on April 17, 1968 with cooperation of the American Societies for Experimental Biology at the Ritz-Carlton Hotel in Atlantic City, NJ.

References

External links
Engineering Society

Biomedical engineering
Biomedical Engineering Society
Bots. Bots may refer to:

 The plural form of Bot (disambiguation)

Places
 British Overseas Territories, or BOTs, territories under the jurisdiction and sovereignty of the United Kingdom

Arts, entertainment, and media
 Bots!!, a 2006 massively multiplayer online game distributed by Acclaim Games
 Bots (band), a Dutch-language folk rock group
 The Bots, American indie rock band

See also
 Big Brother's Bit on the Side (BBBOTS), a daily news/magazine show discussing the television program Big Brother
 Bott (disambiguation)
 Robot (disambiguation)
Steel fixer. A steel fixer (UK, ironworker or "rod buster" in the United States) is a tradesman who positions and secures steel reinforcing bars, also known as rebar, and steel mesh used in reinforced concrete on construction projects.

The work involves following engineering drawings that detail the type of bar and the spacing used and setting out the work. The reinforcing bars are tied together with wire, which is cut using nips, or electric rebar tiers. Steel fixers are also responsible for attaching "spacers" and "chairs" that determine the amount of concrete cover.

See also
 Apprenticeship
 Construction worker
 Vocational training

References

External links
Steel fixer job guide
U.S. Department of Labor Occupational Safety & Health Administration

Construction trades workers
Project Juno. Project Juno was a privately funded campaign which selected Helen Sharman to be the first Briton in space.

As the United Kingdom did not, at that time, have a human spaceflight programme (until the UK joined the human spaceflight elements of ESA's exploration programme in December 2012, which led to Tim Peake's ESA mission in 2015), a private consortium was formed to raise money to pay the Soviet Union for a seat on a Soyuz mission to the Mir space station. The Soviet Union had recently flown Toyohiro Akiyama, a Japanese journalist, under a similar arrangement.

Selection

A call for applicants was publicized in the UK (one ad read "Astronaut wanted. No experience necessary"), leading to 13,000 applications. Juno selected four candidates to train in the Soviet Union: 
 Gordon Brooks (Royal Navy physician, then 33)
 Major Timothy Mace (Army Air Corps, 33)
 Clive Smith (Kingston University lecturer, 27)
 Helen Sharman (food technologist, 26)

Eventually Mace and Sharman were selected to continue full-time training at Star City. After learning Russian and familiarising themselves with the science programme, Smith and Brooks were employed to teach the other two how to perform the experiments and then to conduct them in a life sized mock up of Mir for live media during the mission.

Funding
The cost of the flight was to be funded by various innovative schemes, including sponsoring by private British companies and a lottery system. Corporate sponsors included British Aerospace, Memorex, and Interflora, and television rights were sold to ITV.

The flight cost £7 million.

Ultimately the Juno consortium failed to raise the entire sum, and the Soviet Union considered cancelling the mission. However Mikhail Gorbachev directed the mission to proceed at Soviet cost. The ambitious microgravity experiments originally planned were dropped when time ran out for sending required equipment on an automated 'Progress' flight. Helen did perform experiments designed by British schools that could be done with existing equipment aboard Mir along with a British microbiology screening investigation taken over by the Russians.

Flight and after
Sharman was launched aboard Soyuz TM-12 on 18 May 1991, and returned aboard Soyuz TM-11 on 26 May 1991.

Both Sharman and Mace were candidates but not selected in the 1992 and 1998 European Space Agency selection rounds for its astronaut corps. Brooks was also put forward for the European Astronaut Corps in 1982, but dropped out when employed on AI systems elsewhere. Mace did not fly in space, but married the daughter of cosmonaut Vitali Zholobov. He  was later the helicopter pilot for President of South Africa Nelson Mandela. He died in September 2014 from cancer.

See also
British National Space Centre
British space programme
British astronauts

References

External links 
 BBC article
Spacefacts bio of Timothy Mace
Article about Gordon Brooks and Juno
JUNO Amateur Radio Contacts with Schools

Human spaceflight programs
Science and technology in the United Kingdom
Russia–United Kingdom relations
Soviet Union–United Kingdom relations
Soyuz program
Space programme of the United Kingdom
Concrete finisher. A concrete finisher is a skilled tradesperson who works with concrete by placing, finishing, protecting and repairing concrete in engineering and construction projects. Concrete finishers are often responsible for setting the concrete forms, ensuring they have the correct depth and pitch.

Concrete finishers place the concrete either directly from the concrete wagon chute, concrete pump, concrete skip or wheelbarrow. They spread the concrete using shovels and rakes, sometimes using a straightedge back and forth across the top of the forms to screed or level the freshly placed concrete. After levelling the concrete, they smooth the surface using either a hand trowel, a long handed bull float or by using powered floats. After the concrete has been leveled and floated, concrete finishers press an edger between the forms and the concrete to chamfer the edges so that they are less likely to chip. 

Broom and stamp finishes are a couple of different finished products for outdoor concrete after the trowel-finish is complete. The broom finish is used to prevent slipping on the concrete, and the stamp finish is used for looks.

See also
 Concrete
 Construction
 Operative Plasterers' and Cement Masons' International Association
 American Concrete Institute

References

Construction trades workers
Agrinar. Agrinar SA is an Argentine agricultural machinery manufacturing company based in the city of Granadero Baigorria in Santa Fe Province, Argentina. The company focuses on agricultural vehicles, producing mainly tractors but also combine harvesters and backhoe loaders.

It was founded in 2002, utilizing a former Massey Ferguson factory and designs. A lawsuit from AGCO, Massey Ferguson's parent company, brought about design changes.

Products

Tractors 

 T-85 2WD / 4WD 
 T-100
 T-100 Super Alto 
 T-110 
 T-120 2WD / 4WD 
 T-150 
 T-170 
 T-180 
 TA 215

Combine harvesters 
Commercialised under the Marani Agrimar name:
 AXIAL 3000 12s 
 3000 
 2121 M 10S 
 2140 HEE 12S Evolución 5

Heavy machinery 
 CR-90 
 MC 55 / 65 / 80

References

External links 
 

Argentine brands
Materfer
Privately held companies of Argentina
Companies of Argentina
TIFRAC. TIFRAC (Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Automatic Calculator) was the first computer developed in India, at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research in Mumbai. Initially a TIFR Pilot Machine was developed in the 1950s (operational in 1956). Based on the IAS machine design, the development of the final machine was started in 1955 and was formally commissioned (and named TIFRAC, by Jawaharlal Nehru) in 1960. The full machine was in use until 1965.

TIFRAC included 2,700 vacuum tubes, 1,700 germanium diodes and 12,500 resistors. It had 2,048 40-bit words of ferrite core memory. This machine was an early adopter of ferrite core memory.

The main assembly of TIFRAC, which had vacuum tubes was housed in a massive steel rack measuring 18 feet x 2.5 feet x 8 feet. It was fabricated from modules of 4 feet x 2.5 feet x 8 feet. Each module had steel doors on either side for accessing the circuits.

A cathode ray tube display system was developed to serve as an auxiliary output to the computer for analogue and digital display of both graphs and alpha-numeric symbols.

A manual console served as the input/output control unit of the computer. The software of TIFRAC were written in a series of commands of 0s and 1s (machine code).

A  British-built HEC 2M computer, happened to be the first digital computer in India, which was imported and installed in Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, during 1955.  Prior to that, this institute had developed a small analog computer in 1953, which is technically the first computer in India.

See also
List of vacuum tube computers

References 
 
 
 

Specific

Vacuum tube computers
Information technology in India
History of Mumbai
Desymmetrization. Desymmetrization is a chemical reaction that converts prochiral substrates into chiral products. Desymmetrisations are so pervasive that they are rarely described as such except when they proceed enantioselectively. The enantioselective reactions require chiral catalysts or chiral reagents.  According to IUPAC, desymmetrization involves the "... the conversion of a prochiral molecular entity into a chiral one."

Examples
Typical substrates are epoxides, diols, dienes, and cyclic carboxylic acid anhydrides.

One example is the conversion of cis-3,5-diacetoxycyclopentene to monoacetate. This particular conversion utilizes the enzyme cholinesterase.

In another example, a symmetrical cyclic imide is subjected to asymmetric deprotonation resulting in a chiral product with high enantioselectivity.

Partial hydrogenation]] converts benzil (PhC(O)C(O)Ph) into chiral hydrobenzoin.  The process can be implemented enantioselectively using transfer hydrogenation.
 (Ph = 
The precursor benzil has C2v symmetry, and the product is C2 symmetric.

Citric acid is also a symmetric molecule that can be desymmetrized by partial methylation.

The alcoholysis of cyclic anhydrides can be conducted enantiosymmetrically using chiral amine catalysts.

A related example is the hydrolysis of prochiral diesters catalyzed by chiral phosphoric acids.

Formal symmetry considerations
Desymmetrizations involve the loss of an improper axis of rotation (mirror plane, center of inversion, rotation-reflection axis). In other words, desymmetrisations convert prochiral precursors into chiral products.

References

Stereochemistry
Donald F. Ferguson. Donald Ferguson (born 1960) is a Technical Fellow and Chief SW Architect at Ansys, Inc. Before joining Ansys, Ferguson was a Professor of Professional Practice in Computer Science at Columbia University. Before joining Columbia in 2018, he was vice president and CTO for software at Dell. Previously he was CTO, Distinguished Engineer and Executive VP at CA, Inc., formerly known as Computer Associates.

Education 
Ferguson graduated with a BA from Columbia University in 1982, a MS in 1984, and a PhD in computer science in 1989. His thesis studied the application of economic models to the management of system resources in distributed systems.

Career

IBM
From 1985 to 2007, Ferguson worked for IBM, being appointed IBM Fellow in 2001, and chief architect for IBM's Software Group (SWG). He provided overall technical leadership for IBM WebSphere, Tivoli Software, IBM DB2, Rational Software and Lotus Software products. He also chaired the SWG Architecture Board (SWG AB). The SWG AB focused on product integration, cross-product initiatives and emerging technology. Some of the public focus areas were web services, patterns, web 2.0 and business-driven development. Ferguson guided IBM's strategy and architecture for SOA and web services, and co-authored many of the initial web-service specifications.

Previously, he had been the chief architect for WebSphere and the WebSphere products, which provide support for dynamic web applications. Prior to transferring to IBM SWG, Ferguson was a research staff member at the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center.

Microsoft
From 2007 to 2008, he worked at Microsoft as a technical fellow in platforms and strategy in the office of the CTO.

CA
Ferguson joined CA in March 2008.

Dell
Ferguson joined Dell in June 2012 as VP and CTO for Dell Software.

Awards
Ferguson received the 2013 Columbia School of Engineering and applied Science Alumni Association Egleston Medal for Distinguished Engineering Achievement.

Ansys
Ferguson focuses on product integration, additional of new capabilities and strategic initiatives.

Books
 Web Services Platform Architecture: SOAP, WSDL, WS-Policy, WS-Addressing, WS-BPEL, WS-Reliable Messaging, and More, Prentice Hall PTR, , March 22, 2005

References

External links
 WWISA
 Birth of a Platform
 The Architecture Journal
 BPM 2006 Keynotes
 Trends in Enterprise Application Architecture 2006
 2nd International Conference on Service Oriented Computing

1960 births
Living people
IBM employees
IBM Fellows
Columbia School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
Columbia College (New York) alumni
Statisticians' and engineers' cross-reference of statistical terms. The following terms are used by electrical engineers in statistical signal processing studies instead of typical statistician's terms.

In other engineering fields, particularly mechanical engineering, uncertainty analysis examines systematic and random components of variations in measurements associated with physical experiments.

Notes

References 
 S.M. Kay, Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing, .
 H. Coleman and W. G. Steele, Experimentation and uncertainty analysis for engineers, .

Detection theory
Statistical hypothesis testing
Distillation Design. Distillation Design is a book which provides complete coverage of the design of industrial distillation columns for the petroleum refining, chemical and petrochemical plants, natural gas processing, pharmaceutical, food and alcohol distilling industries. It has been a classical chemical engineering textbook since it was first published in February 1992.

The subjects covered in the book include:

Vapor–liquid equilibrium(VLE): Vapor–liquid K values, relative volatilities, ideal and non-ideal systems, phase diagrams, calculating bubble points and dew points
Key fractional distillation concepts: theoretical stages, x-y diagrams, multicomponent distillation, column composition and temperature profiles
Process design and optimization: minimum reflux and minimum stages, optimum reflux, short-cut methods, feed entry location
Rigorous calculation methods: Bubble point method, sum rates method, numerical methods (Newton–Raphson technique), inside out method, relaxation method, other methods
Batch distillation: Simple distillation, constant reflux, varying reflux, time and boilup requirements
Tray design and tray efficiency: tray types, tray capacities, tray hydraulic parameters, tray sizing and determination of column diameter, point and tray efficiencies, tray efficiency prediction and scaleup
Packing design and packing efficiency: packing types, packing hydraulics and capacities, determination of packing efficiency by transfer unit method and by HETP method, packed column sizing

See also

External links
McGraw Hill website page

Distillation
Engineering textbooks
Science books
Technology books
Defcon Robot Contest. The Defcon Robot Contest was a robotics competition which was held at the annual DEF CON computer security conference in Las Vegas.

History

Defcon 12 (2004)
The first competition was held at Defcon 11 in 2003. The objective was to transport ping pong balls from one corner of an arena to the other. Only Irvine Underground entered a team and they were able to successfully complete the task.

Defcon 13 (2005)
The task this year was to first follow a line around a maze, scooping up ping pong balls along the way, then fire them at cans on a wall at one end of the arena. Two teams entered this year, with the team from Florida winning.

Defcon 14: (2006)
Since the previous contests proved to be too expensive, the Defcon 14 rules were changed to make it easier for the smaller teams to compete. The requirement for battery power was dropped, but the requirement to be fully autonomous was enforced. The goal was to shoot down 1, 2, and 3 inch white targets from 10 feet away. 6 teams entered and all teams were able to shoot down many targets. Team Octopi, a team of four computer science and computer engineering students from The University of Utah won the contest. They shot down 28 targets in 37 seconds.

Defcon 15: (2007)
This year's task was very similar to Defcon 14, with only minor changes. The main change was that targets were no longer infrared (so no special IR camera was required). Also, to make it more exciting, the format was changed from timed match to head-to-head match (double elimination). The winners were Team Octopi again, shooting 24 targets in 16.6 seconds.

Team Octopi's bot has shown significantly better results than other teams (second place was 35.6 seconds, almost twice as slow), so to encourage more people to compete they have promised not to participate in  next year's competition.

Defcon 16: (2008)
This year's rules were exactly the same as previous years. First place was taken by Team Yozhik, shooting 24 targets in 15.7 seconds. This was the first time that team participated in DefconBots competition. Before that, the team took first place in RoboGames 2008 competition in San Francisco.

The contest's organizer, Kallahar, has stated that next year's competition will be in a different format. One reason for that was the high complexity of building a shooting robot—winning teams used expensive parts like industrial AC servo motors, commercial AC/micro-stepping controllers and high precision Harmonic drive gearboxes. While the teams did not pay the full price for them (because of eBay or corporate donations), other teams would have to spend large amounts of money to replicate the winning designs.

Prizes
Each year the prizes change, but the real prize is the respect earned. The prizes do not even come close to covering the cost of building the bot.

Since Defcon 14, the prize includes Black Badge, which gives lifetime unlimited entry to all future Defcons.

External links
Official Contest Page
Winners of the Defcon 13 robot contest
Winners of the Defcon 14 robot contest
Winners of the Defcon 15 robot contest
Winners of the Defcon 16 robot contest

Robotics competitions
Recurring events established in 2003