omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Line isolation transformer. A line isolation transformer for telephone use is a special type of impedance matching transformer that is used to couple telephone land lines to subscriber equipment to prevent dangerous common mode voltages from appearing on the line.  It has a specific 600Ω input impedance which matches the telephone equipment.

A "wet" type will maintain its characteristics while passing the DC current needed to seize the telephone line (signal off-hook to the central office). It is also made with a gapped magnetic core that is not used in normal transformers.  A "dry" isolation transformer need not carry DC current and an alternative DC path would be provided.

See also 
 Isolation transformer

References

Electric transformers
Telephony equipment
Crankshaft deep rolling. Deep rolling is a method of cold work deformation and burnishing of internal combustion engine crankshaft journal fillets to increase durability and design safety factors. Compressive residual stresses can be measured below the surface of a deep-rolled fillet. Other types of fillets on shafts or tubes can also benefit from this method. Cast iron crankshafts will experience the most improvement potentially doubling their fatigue life. Typically the crankshaft is machined with under-cut fillets as opposed to tangential radiused for ease of manufacture, although all types can be deep-rolled. Most automakers are currently utilizing this crankshaft technology including: General Motors LLC, Ford Motor Company, and Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA) The North American-based Hegenscheidt-MFD Corporation in Sterling Heights, MI, was established in 1966. Ingersoll CM Systems of Midland, Michigan with Global HQ located in Dalian, China and European based SPMS in Évry, France (established 1974), are the only major machine/tooling manufacturers of this application in Europe and North America, supplying a highly specialised product throughout the global manufacturing sectors.

See also
 Roller burnishing

External links
 Information on Deep Rolling and Other Surface Enhancement Practices from Lambda Technologies
 Deep Rolling Manufacture Process from Hanna Tools
 1st O.E.M.of Deep Rolling and Roll Straightening Machinery. Durable and Perishable Deep Rolling Tooling is manufactured at both locations, Sterling Heights, MI U.S.A and Erkelenz, Germany.

Metal forming
Deep rolling
Mariotte's bottle. Mariotte's bottle is a device that delivers a constant rate of flow from closed bottles or tanks. It is named after French physicist Edme Mariotte (1620-1684). A picture of a bottle with a gas inlet is shown in the works of Mariotte, but this construction was made to show the effect of outside pressure on mercury level inside the bottle. It further misses a siphon or an outlet for the liquid.

Invention 
The design was first reported by McCarthy (1934).
As shown in the diagram, a stoppered reservoir is supplied with an air inlet and a siphon. The pressure at the bottom of the air inlet is always the same as the pressure outside the reservoir, i.e. the atmospheric pressure.  If it were greater, air would not enter. If the entrance to the siphon is at the same depth, then it will always supply the water at atmospheric pressure and will deliver a flow under constant head height, regardless of the changing water level within the reservoir.

This apparatus has many variations in design and has been used extensively when a constant water pressure is needed, e.g. supplying water at constant head for measuring water infiltration into soil or supplying the mobile phase in chromatography.

The drawback of the design is that it is sensitive for gas inlet leakage and that during operation liquid cannot be added, since it would change the pressure control. Accurate control is nowadays provided by electronic devices.

Applications 
Constant head is important in simplifying constraint when measuring the movement of water in soil.  Several measurement techniques employ the Mariotte's bottle to provide constant head. The Guelph Permeameter measures unsaturated hydraulic conductivity in the field and uses this principle to create a constant head.  Single and double ring infiltrometers can also use the Marriotte's bottle.

Another application is a similar arrangement in some fuel tanks used in control line model airplanes, where it is called a "uniflow" tank, where the tank venting tubing goes to the end of the prismatic tank, close to the fuel pick-up tube that feeds the engine; thus, when fuel is consumed, the uniflow tank supplies approximately the same pressure, regardless of the quantity of fuel that remains in the tank for the rest of the flight, which keeps the same carburetor calibration and air-fuel ratio.

See also
Infiltrometer

References

Further reading
web.physics.ucsb.edu

External links

Fluid dynamics
Soil physics
Progress bar. A progress bar is a graphical control element used to visualize the progression of an extended computer operation, such as a download, file transfer, or installation. Sometimes, the graphic is accompanied by a textual representation of the progress in a percent format. The concept can also be regarded to include "playback bars" in media players that keep track of the current location in the duration of a media file.

A more recent development is the , which is used in situations where the extent of the task is unknown or the progress of the task cannot be determined in a way that could be expressed as a percentage. This bar uses motion or some other indicator (such as a barber's pole pattern) to show that progress is taking place, rather than using the size of the filled portion to show the total amount of progress, making it more like a throbber than a progress bar. There are also indeterminate progress indicators, which are not bar shaped.

History 

The concept of a progress bar was invented before digital computing. In 1896 Karol Adamiecki developed a chart named a harmonogram, but better known today as a Gantt chart. Adamiecki did not publish his chart until 1931, however, and then only in Polish. The chart thus now bears the name of Henry Gantt (1861–1919), who designed his chart around the years 1910–1915 and popularized it in the west.

Adopting the concept to computing, the first graphical progress bar appeared in Mitchell Model's 1979 Ph. D. thesis, Monitoring System Behavior in a Complex Computational Environment. In 1985, Brad Myers presented a paper on “percent-done progress indicators” at a conference on computer-human interactions.

Perception 

Myers' research involved asking people to run database searches, some with a progress bar and some without. Those who waited whilst watching a progress bar described an overall more positive experience. Myers concluded that the use of a progress bar reduced anxiety and was more efficient.

Typically, progress bars use a linear function, such that the advancement of a progress bar is directly proportional to the amount of work that has been completed. However, varying disk, memory, processor, bandwidth and other factors complicate this estimate. Consequently, progress bars often exhibit non-linear behaviors, such as acceleration, deceleration, and pauses. These behaviors, coupled with humans' non-linear perception of time passing, produces a variable perception of how long progress bars take to complete.
This also means that progress bars can be designed to "feel" faster.

Sometimes, to show the progress of a particularly long-taking operation such during program installation or when copying many files at once, applications resort to showing two progress bars at once, one for the operation as a whole, and the other to indicate the progress of identified sub-tasks such as the installation of a single component or the copying of an individual file.

Finally, the graphical design of progress bars has also been shown to influence humans' perception of duration.

See also 

Progress indicator

References 

Graphical control elements
Leonard Uhr. Leonard Uhr (1927 – October 5, 2000) was an American computer scientist and a pioneer in computer vision, pattern recognition, machine learning and cognitive science. He was an expert in many aspects of human neurophysiology and perception, and a central theme of his research was to design artificial intelligence systems based on his understanding of how the human brain works. He was one of the early proponents of incorporation into artificial intelligence algorithms of methods for dealing with uncertainty.

Uhr published eight books (as author and/or editor) and nearly 150 journal and conference papers. His seminal work was an article written in 1963 with Charles Vossler, "A Pattern Recognition Program That Generates, Evaluates, and Adjusts Its Own Operators", reprinted in Computers and Thought — edited by Edward Feigenbaum and J. Feldman — which showcases the work of the scientists who defined the field of artificial intelligence. He was a Ph.D. major professor for 20 students, many of whom have gone on to become in their own right important contributors to artificial intelligence.

Uhr graduated from Princeton University in 1949 with a B.A. in psychology. He received master's degrees in philosophy from the University of Brussels and Johns Hopkins University in 1951 before obtaining  his Ph.D. in psychology in 1957 from the University of Michigan. As a child, Uhr attended Oak Lane Country Day School outside Philadelphia.

Uhr was a professor of computer science and of neuroscience at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. Prior to that, he was also on the faculty of psychology at the University of Michigan.

Major works
 Vasant Honavar and Leonard Uhr. (Ed.) Artificial Intelligence and Neural Networks: Steps Toward Principled Integration. New York: Academic Press. 1994. 
 Leonard Uhr. Multi-Computer Architectures for Artificial Intelligence: Toward Fast, Robust, Parallel Systems. New York: Wiley. 1987. 
 Leonard Uhr (Ed.) Parallel Computer Vision. Boston: Academic Press. 1987. 
 Leonard Uhr. Algorithm Structured Computer Arrays and Networks: Architectures for Images, Percepts, Models, Information. Boston: Academic Press. 1984. 
 Leonard Uhr. Pattern Recognition, Learning, and Thought. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall. 1973. 
 Leonard Uhr (Ed.) Pattern Recognition. New York: Wiley. 1966. 
 Leonard Uhr and James Miller (Ed.) Drugs and Behavior. New York: Wiley. 1960. 
John C. Pollard, Leonard Uhr, Elizabeth Stern. Drugs and Phantasy Boston: Little Brown and Company. 1965

External links
 Unofficial home page
 
 Obituary in the Wisconsin State Journal

References

1927 births
2000 deaths
American computer scientists
American artificial intelligence researchers
American cognitive scientists
Princeton University alumni
Johns Hopkins University alumni
University of Wisconsin–Madison faculty
University of Michigan faculty
American academic journal editors
University of Michigan alumni
20th-century American scientists
Boldrewood Innovation Campus. Boldrewood Innovation Campus is one of the University of Southampton’s campuses, located in Bassett, Southampton. The newly built campus is a centre where business, research and education coexist in engineering sciences, maritime engineering and other maritime disciplines. The campus is also home to the university’s strategic partner Lloyd’s Register.

Facilities 
Work is still being completed on the Boldrewood campus; it will consist of four buildings with extensive research and teaching facilities.  Currently in use are advanced design studios, wind tunnels, fluids dynamics laboratories, a driving simulator, performance sports laboratory and two unmanned vehicles laboratories.  Facilities that are still in construction include a 186m towing tank and an anechoic wind chamber.

History 
Boldrewood was previously the Biomedical Sciences campus of the University of Southampton, home to the School of Biological Sciences and the non-hospital base for the School of Medicine.  In April 2006, the university announced plans to develop a 'professional campus' on the Boldrewood site, to house the marine services division of Lloyd's Register.  In October 2010, the Boldrewood Campus was fully closed for redevelopment, after the relocation of staff and students to the new Life Sciences building on the Highfield Campus.

Location 
The campus is located to the west of the main Highfield campus, on Burgess Road, Southampton.

References

External links 

 Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton

University of Southampton
University and college campuses in the United Kingdom
Areas of Southampton
Design Automation Conference. The Design Automation Conference, or DAC, is an annual event, a combination of a technical conference and a trade show, both specializing in electronic design automation (EDA).

DAC receives approximately 1100 research paper submissions annually. A technical program committee of 266 experts performs a double-blind review, selecting 263 papers for publication in the proceedings. 

The trade show features approximately 100 companies in the field of design automation such as Cadence Design Systems, Synopsys, Siemens EDA and Ansys.  

Over the past few years the conference location has been alternating among Austin and San Francisco.  The conference is usually held in June.

DAC is sponsored by two professional societies: 

 ACM-SIGDA (Association for Computing Machinery, Special Interest Group on Design Automation) and
 IEEE-CEDA (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, IEEE Council on Electronic Design Automation), 

in technical cooperation with IEEE-SSCS (IEEE Solid-State Circuits Society). 

DAC is organized by hundreds of volunteer committee members from EDA companies and academia.

Origins 
DAC is the oldest and largest conference in EDA, starting in 1964. It grew out of the SHARE ("Society to Help Avoid Redundant Effort") design automation workshop. Its originators Marie Pistilli and Pasquale (Pat) Pistilli were honored by the EDA community. Pat received the highest honor in EDA industry, the Phil Kaufman Award, for this effort, and Marie was honored by having an award established in her name, the Marie Pistilli Award.

Up until the mid-'70s, DAC had sessions on all types of design automation, including mechanical and architectural. After that, for all intents and purposes, the focus shifted to electronic design. Currently, the topics at DAC also include embedded systems, autonomous systems, Artificial Intelligence hardware, hardware security, and Intellectual Property. 

Also until the mid-'70s, DAC was strictly a technical conference. Then a few companies started to request space to show their products, and within a few years, the trade show portion of DAC became the main focus of the event. The first commercial DAC was held in June 1984. As a rough metric of the importance of the trade show portion, about 6,300 people attended DAC in 2018, whereas ICCAD, at least as strong technically but with no trade show, drew perhaps a tenth as many attendees.

Recent history 

The table below shows the edition, year, location, and the general chair of recent DAC events.

See also 
Marie Pistilli Award, an award for women in Electronic Design Automation issued at DAC
EDA Software Category
International Conference on Computer-Aided Design
Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference
Design Automation and Test in Europe
Symposia on VLSI Technology and Circuits

References

External links 
 Design Automation Conference website
 dblp: Design Automation Conference

Electronic design automation conferences
IEEE conferences
International conferences in the United States
Association for Computing Machinery conferences
Recurring events established in 1964
Annual events in the United States
Joas. Joas is an electronics company headquartered in Seoul and Namyangju Gyeonggi-do, Korea. It was established in 1982 under the name SungJin Electronics but the name was changed in 1999 to Joas Electronics and in 2014 it became Joas. The company got a licensing deal with the global fashion brand Elle (magazine) for small appliances in 2015. It manufactures many electronic beauty products.

Products
Home appliances: Diamond peeling appliance, hair iron, hair dryer, electric hair clipper, electric shaver, wireless vacuum, as well as pet appliances.

See also
Economy of South Korea
List of South Korean companies

External links
Joas Electronics Homepage

Electronics companies established in 1982
Home appliance manufacturers of South Korea
Manufacturing companies based in Seoul
South Korean brands
South Korean companies established in 1982
Razor brands
Service Data Objects. Service Data Objects is a technology that allows heterogeneous data to be accessed in a uniform way. The SDO specification was originally developed in 2004 as a joint collaboration between Oracle (BEA) and IBM and approved by the Java Community Process in JSR 235. Version 2.0 of the specification was introduced in November 2005 as a key part of the  Service Component Architecture.

Relation to other technologies
Originally, the technology was known as Web Data Objects, or WDO, and was shipped in IBM WebSphere Application Server 5.1 and IBM WebSphere Studio Application Developer 5.1.2. Other similar technologies are JDO, EMF, JAXB and ADO.NET.

Design

Service Data Objects denote the use of language-agnostic data structures that facilitate communication between structural tiers and various service-providing entities. They require the use of a tree structure with a root node and provide traversal mechanisms (breadth/depth-first) that allow client programs to navigate the elements. Objects can be static (fixed number of fields) or dynamic with a map-like structure allowing for unlimited fields. The specification defines meta-data for all fields and each object graph can also be provided with change summaries that can allow receiving programs to act more efficiently on them.

Developers
The specification is now being developed by IBM, Rogue Wave, Oracle, SAP, Siebel, Sybase, Xcalia, Software AG within the OASIS Member Section Open CSA since April 2007. Collaborative work and materials remain on the collaboration platform of Open SOA, an informal group of actors of the industry.

Implementations
The following SDO products are available:

 Rogue Wave Software HydraSDO
 Xcalia (for Java and .Net)
 Oracle (Data Service Integrator) 
 IBM (Virtual XML Garden)
 IBM (WebSphere Process Server)

There are open source implementations of SDO from:
 The Eclipse Persistence Services Project (EclipseLink)
 The Apache Tuscany project for Java and C++
 The fcl-sdo library included with FreePascal

References

External links
Specification versions and history can be found on 
 Latest materials at OASIS Open CSA
 Service Data Objects
 SDO Specifications at OpenSOA
 Introducing Service Data Objects for PHP
 Using PHP's SDO and SCA extensions

Computer networking
Java specification requests
Persistence
Service-oriented (business computing)
Zaratite. Zaratite is a bright emerald green nickel carbonate mineral with formula Ni3CO3(OH)4·4H2O. Zaratite crystallizes in the isometric crystal system as massive to mammillary encrustations and vein fillings. It has a specific gravity of 2.6 and a Mohs hardness of 3 to 3.5. It has no cleavage and is brittle to conchoidal fracture. The luster is vitreous to greasy.

It is a rare secondary mineral formed by hydration or alteration of the primary nickel and iron bearing minerals, chromite, pentlandite, pyrrhotite, and millerite, during the serpentinization of ultramafic rocks. Hellyerite, NiCO3·6H2O, is a related mineral. It was found originally in  Manolita mine, Teixedelo, Cedeira, La Coruña province,  Galicia, Spain in 1851, and named after Spanish diplomat and dramatist Antonio Gil y Zárate (1793–1861).

See also
 Nickel(II) carbonate

References

Carbonate minerals
Cubic minerals
Nickel minerals
Hydroxide minerals
Tetrahydrate minerals
Hellyerite. Hellyerite, NiCO3·6(H2O), is an hydrated nickel carbonate mineral. It is light blue to bright green in colour, has a hardness of 2.5, a vitreous luster, a white streak and crystallises in the monoclinic system. The crystal habit is as platy and mammillary encrustations on its matrix. It is a pentahydrate according to X-ray crystallography.  The solid consists of [Ni2(CO3)2(H2O)8] subunits with an extra pair of water of hydration.

Occurrence
The environment of formation, associated only with metamorphosed ultramafic rocks, is diagnostic compared with gaspeite, another nickel carbonate which is associated with supergene weathering of nickel sulfides.

Hellyerite is observed forming in shear planes in serpentinite, produced by carbonation of the serpentinite. Hellyerite forms in this environment in nickel rich serpentinites, which are metamorphosed equivalents of ultramafic cumulate rocks such as peridotite and dunite. Peridotite and dunite, when fresh, can contain up to ~4,000 ppm nickel within olivine. 

It was first identified in 1958 in the Old Lord Brassy mine, Tasmania, Australia and named after Henry Hellyer (1791–1832), Chief Surveyor of the Van Diemens Land Company. It is also reported from the Pafuri nickel deposit in Limpopo Province, South Africa.

References 

Nickel minerals
Carbonate minerals
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 15
Baldwin S-8. The BLH S8 was an  diesel–electric switcher locomotive. The Baldwin-Lima-Hamilton Corporation produced a total of 63 units (61 for United States railroads and 2 for use in Cuba) between 1951 and 1953. Of these, nine were calf units built for Oliver Iron Mining Company in Minnesota. A tenth calf had been built for them on order, but when delivery was refused, it was fitted with a cab, and converted to a regular S8.

Original owners

Preservation
Only two intact examples of the S-8 are known to survive today, one of which is owned by a railroad museum, while the other is the property of a railway historical society.

References

External links
 Baldwin S-8
 Preserved Baldwin and Lima Locomotives
 S-8 — Original Owners

B-B locomotives
S-08
Diesel–electric locomotives of the United States
Railway locomotives introduced in 1951
Locomotives with cabless variants
Standard gauge locomotives of the United States
Shunting locomotives