omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
List of commercial nuclear reactors. This is a list of all the commercial nuclear reactors in the world, sorted by country, with operational status. The list only includes civilian nuclear power reactors used to generate electricity for a power grid. All commercial nuclear reactors use nuclear fission. As of December 2024, there are 419 operable power reactors in the world, with a combined electrical capacity of 378.1 GW. Additionally, there are 64 reactors under construction and 87 reactors planned, with a combined capacity of 69 GW and 84 GW, respectively, while 344 more reactors are proposed. For non-power reactors, see List of nuclear research reactors. For fuel plants see List of nuclear reprocessing plants. Where not otherwise specified, all information is sourced from the Power Reactor Information System (PRIS) of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

In the following tables, the capacity (expressed in megawatt, MW) refers to the net capacity, or the maximum electricity output under reference ambient conditions, after deducting the losses within the system including the energy transformers.

Argentina

Armenia

Austria

Bangladesh

Belarus

Belgium

Brazil

Bulgaria

Canada

China

Cuba

Czech Republic

Egypt

Finland

France

Germany

Hungary

India

Iran

Italy

Japan

Kazakhstan

Lithuania

Mexico

Netherlands

North Korea

Pakistan

Philippines

Poland

Romania

Russia

Slovakia

Slovenia

South Africa

South Korea

Spain

Sweden

Switzerland

Taiwan

Turkey

Ukraine

United Arab Emirates

United Kingdom

United States

Uzbekistan

See also
Economics of nuclear power plants
Integrated Nuclear Fuel Cycle Information System
List of nuclear power stations
List of boiling water reactors
List of largest power stations
List of small modular reactor designs
List of nuclear reprocessing sites
Lists of nuclear disasters and radioactive incidents
Nuclear power by country
Nuclear power reactors in Europe

Notes

References

External links
IAEA list as of 2006
NED Database of Commercial Nuclear Power Reactors
Reactors Database by the World Nuclear Association

Lists of buildings and structures
Reactors
Load testing. Load testing is the process of putting demand on a structure or system and measuring its response.

Software load testing

Physical load testing

Many types of machinery, engines, structures, and motors are load tested. The load may be at a designated safe working load (SWL), full load, or at an aggravated level of load. The governing contract, technical specification or test method contains the details of conducting the test. The purpose of a mechanical load test is to verify that all the component parts of a structure including materials, base-fixings are fit for task and loading it is designed for.

Several types of load testing are employed 
 Static testing is when a designated constant load is applied for a specified time. 
 Dynamic testing is when a variable or moving load is applied. 
 Cyclical testing consists of repeated loading and unloading for specified cycles, durations and conditions.

The Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulation 1992 UK state that load testing is undertaken before the equipment is put into service for the first time. Performance testing applies a safe working load (SWL), or other specified load, for a designated time in a governing test method, specification, or contract. Under the Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 UK load testing after the initial test is required if a major component is replaced, if the item is moved from one location to another or as dictated by the competent person.

Car charging system

A load test can be used to evaluate the health of a car's battery. The tester consists of a large resistor that has a resistance similar to a car's starter motor and a meter to read the battery's output voltage both in the unloaded and loaded state. When the tester is used, the battery's open circuit voltage is checked first. If the open circuit voltage is below spec (12.6 volts for a fully charged battery), the battery is charged first. After reading the battery's open circuit voltage, the load is applied. When applied, it draws approximately the same current the car's starter motor would draw during cranking. Based on the specified cold cranking amperes of the battery, if the voltage under load falls below a certain point, the battery is bad. Load tests are also used on running cars to check the output of the car's alternator.

See also
Internet Application Management
Soak testing
Stress testing
Structural testing
System testing
Web testing
Web server benchmarking

References

External links
 Modeling the Real World for Load Testing Web Sites by Steven Splaine
 What is Load Testing? by Tom Huston
 4 Types of Load Testing and when each should be used by David Buch
 Performance, Load, Stress or Endurance Test? Which do you want? by Chris Jones

Software testing
Quality assurance
Load testing tools
Tests
Lyman Gilmore. Lyman Wiswell Gilmore, Jr. (June 11, 1874 – February 18, 1951) was an aviation pioneer. In Grass Valley, California, he built a steam-powered airplane and claimed that he flew it on May 15, 1902. Due to the requirement of a heavy boiler and the dependency on coal as a power source, the flights would have been unsustainable. Records and evidence relating to his claim were lost in a 1935 hangar fire.

First flight 
Gilmore, in a 1936 interview, reported a successful tethered glider flight in 1893 and a free glider flight in 1894. Gilmore further added that (although he had not reported it until 1927) he made a controlled steam-powered flight on May 15, 1902; however, all records and papers related to his aircraft were destroyed in a fire.

There are photographs from 1898 showing Gilmore's machine, but none showing it in the air. The claims of the aircraft achieving flight are unconfirmed, and given the weight evident by the grounded aircraft photos, the possibility of flight is highly unlikely.

Work 
Lyman Gilmore was in contact with other flight pioneers like Samuel Langley and, eventually, the Wright brothers.

In 1902, Gilmore was granted two patents on steam engines. He invented in other areas too: for example, a rotary snowplow. On March 15, 1907, Gilmore opened the first commercial airfield, Gilmore Airfield, in Grass Valley.  There is now a middle school named in his honor on the site of the airfield.

In 1935, Lyman's airplane hangar and the two aging monoplanes were destroyed by fire. The fire cancelled plans to exhibit the larger monoplane at the World Fair in Chicago. Gilmore began mining for gold and died a poor man in Nevada City, California. His grave can be found in Pine Grove Cemetery, about a half mile outside of town.

The Lyman Gilmore Middle School in Grass Valley has the motto, "Flying into the Future" and a mural depicting first flight. School children made a YouTube presentation about Gilmore including old video footage of Gilmore and an interview with people who knew him.

See also 
 Early flight - for other pre-Wright-brothers inventors.
 Mystery airship

References

External links 
 http://www.aerofiles.com/_ga.html
 http://www.ncngrrmuseum.org/
 http://www.flyingmachines.org/gilmore.html

1874 births
1951 deaths
People from Thurston County, Washington
Aviation inventors
Discovery and invention controversies
History of aviation
People from Nevada City, California
People from Grass Valley, California
SMAD. SMAD may refer to:
 Soviet Military Administration in Germany, government of the Soviet occupation zone of Germany from May 1945 to October 1949
 Solvated metal atom dispersion, a method of producing nanoparticles
 SMAD (protein), proteins involved in cell signaling
 I-SMAD, inhibitory SMAD proteins
 R-SMAD, receptor regulated SMAD proteins 
Smad, Syria, a village in southern Syria
Chengdu J-9. The Chengdu J-9 (Chinese: 歼-9) was an interceptor aircraft that was cancelled during development in the People's Republic of China (PRC). It was proposed in 1964 by the 601 Institute (Shenyang) as a higher-performing alternative to the Shenyang J-8. Development was disrupted by the Cultural Revolution and frequently changing requirements; in addition, development was transferred to the 611 Institute (Chengdu). The program was cancelled in 1980.

Development
By 1964, the Chengdu J-7 was inadequate to perform long-range, high-altitude interceptions. The Chinese Aeronautical Establishment held a conference on 25 October to discuss future fighters. The 601 Institute had two proposals; a twin-engined "scaled-up" J-7 which became the J-8, and a higher-performing single-engined option that became the J-9. The J-9 was technically riskier; it was not based on an existing design, and the required engine - an afterburning turbofan generating  dry and  reheat thrust - did not exist in China. Shenyang developed a delta and a double-delta concept in 1965.

Development was officially approved following a Ministry of Aerospace Industry (MAI) conference on 12-17 January 1966 with the goal of either an air superiority fighter or a pure interceptor. This was revised on April 1 with new requirements for endurance, rate of climb, and significantly increased range. A development schedule was approved on April 12. Shenyang responded first with the J-9A-IV (a tailed delta with lateral intakes) and then the J-9B-V (a tailless-delta); the former was unable to meet requirements. The Cultural Revolution paused development. Development on the J-9B-V resumed in 1968. The goal of flying a prototype by the 20th anniversary of the PRC in October 1969 could not be achieved due to major development problems. MAI shifted work back to the J-9A-IV. In addition, development was transferred to Chengdu because Shenyang was now fully occupied with the J-8. Wang Shounan became the new chief designer.

The Ministry of Defense issued new requirements on 9 June 1970 - and slightly revised in November - for even greater range, speed, and altitude. Chengdu abandoned the J-9A-IV, and reworked the J-9B-V into the J-9B-VI. The J-9B-VI was a canard-delta with lateral intakes; a single ventral intake was rejected. The intended engine, the Woshan WS-6 turbofan, encountered development problems; a reverse-engineered Khachaturov R29-300 turbojet, to be called the WS-15, was selected as a less powerful alternative.

The requirements were revised in February 1975, calling for more range and an armament of four PL-4 air-to-air missiles. In November the State Planning Commission approved funding for five prototypes, with the first flight to take place in late-1980 or early-1981. However, the program was ended in 1980.

Specifications (J-9B-VI)

See also

References

Citations

Bibliography

External links

Interview - J-9 Chief Designer Wang Nanshou (Chinese language)

1975 in China
Canard aircraft
Abandoned military aircraft projects of China
J-9
Delta-wing aircraft
J-09, Chengdu
Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear
F6. F6, F06, F 6, F.6 or F-6 may refer to:

Science and technology 
 246 (number), in hexadecimal
 Nikon F6, an SLR 35mm camera
 F06, an ICD-10 mental and behavioural disorder code
 F6, a function key on a computer keyboard
 F6, a theoretical level on the Fujita scale of tornado strength
 Force 6, a level on the Beaufort scale of windspeed
 F6, the octave name for the F (musical note) at a frequency of 1396.913 Hz.

Transport

Air 
 Caproni Vizzola F.6, an Italian prototype fighter of 1941 (F.6M) and 1943 (F.6Z)
 F-6 Mustang, a reconnaissance variant of the North American P-51 Mustang World War II fighter
 F-6 Skyray, originally Douglas F4D Skyray, a 1950s/1960s US Navy jet fighter
 FaroeJet (IATA code)
 Grumman F6F Hellcat, an American World War II fighter aircraft
 Hannover F.6, civil configuration of the Hannover CL.V, a 1918 German ground attack aircraft
 Hunter F.6, a 1954 production variant of the Hawker Hunter fighter aircraft 
 Shenyang F-6, an export version of the Chinese Shenyang J-6 jet fighter
 System F6, a DARPA program on developing fractionated spacecraft
 Västgöta Wing, or F 6, a former Swedish Air Force wing

Automotive 
 BYD F6, a Chinese-made midsize sedan
 FPV F6, an Australian-made series of cars by Ford Performance Vehicles
 Princes Motorway, or F6, a motorway between Sydney and Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
 F-6, a version of the 1948-1952 Ford F-Series pickup trucks

Other 
 Milwaukee Road class F6, a 1925 American 4-6-4 steam locomotive model
 Mosman Bay ferry services (F6), a commuter ferry route in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
 LNER Class F6, a class of British steam locomotives
This may also refer to LNER Class F5 No.789 and 790, who were incorrectly classified F6 by the LNER

Other uses
 f6 (cigarette), a German brand
 F6 (classification), a wheelchair sport classification
 F-6, Islamabad, a sector of Islamabad, Pakistan

See also
 6F (disambiguation)
Transport aircraft. Transport aircraft is a broad category of aircraft that includes:

 Airliners, aircraft, usually large and most often operated by airlines, intended for carrying multiple passengers or cargo in commercial service
 Cargo aircraft or freighters, fixed-wing aircraft designed or converted for the carriage of goods, rather than passengers, lacking in passenger amenities and generally featuring one or more large doors for loading cargo; also known as freight aircraft, freighters, airlifters, or cargo jets.
 Mail planes, airplanes used for carrying mail
 Military transport aircraft, airplanes or helicopters used to deliver troops, weapons, and military equipment, usually outside of the commercial flight routes in uncontrolled airspace, and employed historically to deliver airborne forces and tow military gliders; sometimes also called military cargo aircraft.
Balbo (aircraft formation). Balbo was a common term in the late 1930s and early 1940s to describe any large formation of aircraft. It was named after the Italian fascist flying ace Italo Balbo who led a series of large aircraft formations in record-breaking flights to promote Italian aviation in the 1930s. During the Battle of Britain the term was used for the Big Wings that were based at RAF Duxford. The term is used today in the UK for a mass fly-by at the end of an airshow.

References

Air force units and formations
Clifford Berry. Clifford Edward Berry (April 19, 1918 – October 30, 1963) helped John Vincent Atanasoff create the first digital electronic computer in 1939, the Atanasoff–Berry computer (ABC).

Biography
Clifford Berry was born April 19, 1918, in Gladbrook, Iowa, to Fred and Grace Berry. His father owned an appliance repair shop, where he was able to learn about radios. He graduated from Marengo High School in Marengo, Iowa, in 1934 as the class valedictorian at age 16. He went on to study at Iowa State College (now known as Iowa State University), eventually earning a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering in 1939 and followed by his master's degree in physics in 1941.

In 1942, he married an ISU classmate and Atanasoff's secretary, Martha Jean Reed.

By 1948, he earned his PhD in physics from Iowa State University.

He died in 1963, attributed to "possible suicide".

References

External links
1942 and 1962 photos of Berry, Ames Laboratory Archive, Iowa State
Atanasoff-Berry Computer Archive, Computer Science Dept., Iowa State
June 7, 1972 interview with Atanasoff on Berry, Smithsonian National Museum of American History
A. R. Mackintosh, “Dr. Atanasoff’s Computer”, Scientific American, August 1988 (Archived 2009-10-31)
"ABC - Atanasoff-Berry Computer", I Programmer
IEEE Computer Pioneers Biography Entry

American computer scientists
20th-century American physicists
Iowa State University alumni
ElectroData Corporation employees
1918 births
1963 deaths
Mechanism. Mechanism may refer to:

Mechanism (economics), a set of rules for a game designed to achieve a certain outcome
Mechanism design, the study of such mechanisms
Mechanism (engineering), rigid bodies connected by joints in order to accomplish a desired force and/or motion transmission
Mechanism (biology), explaining how a feature is created
Mechanism (philosophy), a theory that all natural phenomena can be explained by physical causes
Mechanism (sociology), a theory that all social phenomena can be explained by the existence of a deterministic mechanism

Arts, films, and music 
 "The Mechanism", song by Disclosure
 "Mechanism", song by Front Line Assembly from WarMech
 The Mechanism (TV series), a Netflix TV series

See also
Machine
Machine (mechanical)
Linkage (mechanical)
Mechanism of action, the means by which a drug exerts its biological effects
Defence mechanism, unconscious mechanisms aimed at reducing anxiety 
Reaction mechanism, the sequence of reactions by which overall chemical change occurs
Antikythera mechanism, an ancient Greek analog computer
Theory of operation, a description of how a device or system should work
Machine (disambiguation)
Mechanical
Mechanics (disambiguation)
IMI. IMI, Imi, may refer to:

Companies and organizations
 IMI plc, a British engineering company
 IMI Systems, an Israeli weapons manufacturer
 Independent Media Institute, founder of AlterNet
 Indian Music Industry, a trust that represents the recording industry distributors in India
 Indonesian Motor Association
 Institute of Mathematics and Informatics (Bulgarian Academy of Sciences)
 Institute of the Motor Industry, UK
 Integrated Micro-Electronics, Inc., a semiconductor maker in the Philippines
 International Hotel Management Institute Switzerland
 International Maritime Institute, India
 International Media Investments, United Arab Emirates
 International Migration Institute, at Oxford University
 International Mycological Institute, England
 Irish Management Institute
 Israel Music Institute

Other
 IMI Desert Eagle, a semi-automatic handgun
 Inclusive Mosque Initiative, UK
 Innovative Medicines Initiative, a partnership of the European Union
 Internal Market Information System, network that links public bodies in the European Economic Area
 International Migration Initiative, of the Open Society Foundation
 Italian military internees, name given by Germany to captured Italian soldiers
 "iMi", a song from the album I, I by American folk band Bon Iver

 Imi, Ethiopia
 Imi, a Babylonian king
 IMI (Morse code ..--..), abbreviation for "I say again" in morse code

See also 

 
 
 
 International Management Institute (disambiguation)
 IM 1 (disambiguation)
 IML (disambiguation)
 lMI (disambiguation)
Israel Weapon Industries. Israel Weapon Industries (IWI), formerly the Magen division of the Israel Military Industries Ltd. (IMI), is an Israeli firearms manufacturer.

It was founded in 1933. Formerly owned by the State of Israel, the Small Arms Division of IMI was privatized and renamed IWI in 2005.

IWI is one of the world's most famous and bestselling military arms manufacturers. 
The Magen division rose to international prominence in the 1950s, as the creator of the Uzi, of which over 10 million would be produced, netting billions of dollars for the company. Subsequent well known military exports have included the Jericho 941 semi-automatic pistol, Negev light machine gun, Galil assault rifle, Tavor assault rifle, and the DAN .338 sniper rifle.

IWI develops and manufactures guns used by armies and law enforcement agencies around the world.

Manufacturing

Ramat HaSharon  
For many decades, IWI and the Magen division of Israeli Military Industries before it, has manufactured its weapons in Ramat HaSharon. The factory has for many years been regarded an important component of the manufacturing sector in Ramat HaSharon. In 2017, IWI announced it is planning to construct a new factory in Kiryat Gat, to which its manufacturing will re-locate when completed in 2020. The new Kiryat Gat factory, whose construction will cost NIS 180 million, will employ 560 full-time production workers and engineers on its assembly lines.

Overseas

India
IWI owns several factories overseas, for the manufacture of weapons for local markets. In India, IWI is establishing a joint-manufacturing center with Punj Lloyd (with IWI owning 49% of the plant, and Punj Lloyd owning 51% of the plant), which will be India's first privately-owned small-arms manufacturing plant. The factory will manufacture firearms for the Indian army. IWI said in 2017, that it expects tenders with the Indian army in the region of $200–300 million.

USA
IWI also operates a manufacturing facility in Middletown, Pennsylvania USA. They locally assemble the Zion-15, Tavor and Galil rifles, TS12 15+1 round semi-automatic shotgun as well as the Jericho, Masada and Galil pistols, among others.

Products

Security training
IWI offers anti-terrorism training to Israeli citizens and contracts its services to outside countries requiring security training and anti-terror training to protect assets and high-ranking officials.
IWI collaborates with the Metropolitan College of New York (MCNY) in New York City, which offers a classroom-based MA degree in Public Administration, Emergency Management, and Homeland Security.

See also
Defense industry of Israel
Military equipment of Israel
List of modern armament manufacturers
Israel's arms supplier countries

References

External links

Firearm manufacturers of Israel
Defense companies of Israel
Israeli brands
1933 establishments in Mandatory Palestine
Moleskin. Moleskin is a heavy cotton fabric, woven and then shorn to create a short, soft pile on one side. The feel and appearance of its nap is suede-like, less plush than velour and more like felt or chamois. The word is also used for clothing made from this fabric. Clothing made from moleskin is noted for its softness and durability. Some variants of the cloth are so densely woven as to be windproof.

Its name is due to the soft brushed hand of the fabric, similar to mole fur. Though mole pelts have been used to make fur clothing, they are not referred to as "moleskin".

Moleskin is also a term for soft, dense adhesive pads stuck to the skin to prevent blisters.

Structure 
Moleskin is woven of carded cotton yarn in a dense weft-faced satin weave. The surface is napped or shorn to "produce a suede-like finish".

Uses
Moleskin fabric is commonly used to make trousers, also referred to as "moleskins", that are similar to jeans in terms of cut and construction. They similarly started as working menswear, but are now also much more widely worn.

Medical
Moleskin-like fabric with an adhesive backing is used to prevent or treat blisters, cut with a hole in the centre to provide relief to the affected skin. The thickness of the surrounding moleskin further protects the blister from additional friction.

Audiovisual productions 
Medical moleskin-like fabric with adhesive backing is also commonly used in video and/or audio productions when using a lavalier microphone. When further concealment of a lavalier microphone is needed in these types of productions, it can be worn underneath a layer or layers of the singer's clothing. This would normally cause the microphone to pick up the unwanted noises of the singer's clothing rubbing up against the body and top of the lavalier. Attaching a small strip of moleskin around the microphone body will dramatically reduce the amount of noise created by the singer's clothing and, consequently, reduces the amount of unwanted noise picked up by the lavalier microphone.

Military 
West German army uniforms from the 1960s until the early 1990s were made of "moleskin" fabric in a greyish olive-drab colour, but the German moleskin was not shorn and thus had a flat, smooth outer side. Nonetheless, it was a tough, densely woven material, strongly resistant to wind and abrasion.

Military snipers occasionally wrap the stocks of their rifles in moleskin to absorb sweat and prevent slippage.

Workwear 
Trousers made from moleskin were popular with British workers during the end of the nineteenth century due to the insulating and windproof qualities of the fabric.

Variations
Cotton sateen is a variant of moleskin. It utilises cheaper short-staple cotton to create a softer feeling fabric that is relatively fragile and wears quickly.

See also
 Cottonade

References

External links 
 

Pile fabrics