omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Geometric networks. A geometric network is an object commonly used in geographic information systems to model a series of interconnected features. A geometric network is similar to a graph in mathematics and computer science, and can be described and analyzed using theories and concepts similar to graph theory. Geometric networks are often used to model road networks and public utility networks (such as electric, gas, and water utilities). Geometric networks are called in recent years very often spatial networks.

Composition of a Geometric Network

A geometric network is composed of edges that are connected. Connectivity rules for the network specify which edges are connected and at what points they are connected, commonly referred to as junction or intersection points. These edges can have weights or flow direction assigned to them, which dictate certain properties of these edges that affect analysis results
. In the case of certain types of networks, source points (points where flow originates) and sink points (points where flow terminates) may also exist. In the case of utility networks, a source point may correlate with an electric substation or a water pumping station, and a sink point may correlate with a service connection at a residential household.

Functions

Networks define the interconnectedness of features. Through analyzing this connectivity, paths from one point to another on the network can be traced and calculated. Through optimization algorithms and utilizing network weights and flow, these paths can also be optimized to show specialized paths, such as the shortest path between two points on the network, as is commonly done in the calculation of driving directions. Networks can also be used to perform spatial analysis to determine points or edges that are encompassed in a certain area or within a certain distance of a specified point. This has applications in hydrology and urban planning, among other fields.

Applications

 Routing: for calculating driving directions, paths from one point of interest to another, locating nearby points of interest
 Urban Planning: for site suitability studies, and traffic and congestion studies.
 Electric Utility Industry: for modeling an electrical grid in GIS, tracing from a generation source
 Other Public Utilities: for modeling water distribution flow and natural gas distribution

See also
 Graphs
 Graph theory
 Geographic Information Systems

References

Geographic information systems
List of research groups at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. The following is a list of research labs and centers located at the University of Massachusetts Amherst:
 Antennas and Propagation Laboratory (Electrical and Computer Engineering)
 Apiary Laboratory (Entomology, Microbiology)
 Architecture and Real Time Laboratory (Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering)
 Autonomous Learning Laboratory (Computer Science)
 Center for Advanced Sensor and Communication Antennas (CASCA) (Electrical and Computer Engineering)
 Center for Applied Mathematics and Mathematical Computation (Mathematics)
 Center for Economic Development
 Center for Education Policy
 Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (Mechanical and Industrial Engineering)
 Center for Geometry, Analysis, Numerics, and Graphics (Mathematics)
 Center for Intelligent Information Retrieval (Computer Science)
 Center for Public Policy and Administration
 Center for e-design
 Complex Systems Modeling and Control Laboratory (Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering)
 Emerging Electronics Laboratory (Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering)
 Engineering Research Center for Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere (Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering)
 Feedback Control Systems Lab (Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering)
 Information Systems Laboratory (Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering)
 Knowledge Discovery Laboratory (Computer Science)
 Labor Relations and Research Center
 Laboratory For Perceptual Robotics (Computer Science)
 Laboratory for Millimeter Wavelength Devices and Applications (Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering)
 Massachusetts Center for Renewable Energy Science and Technology
 Microwave Remote Sensing Laboratory (MIRSL)(Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering)
 Multimedia Networks Laboratory (Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering)
 Multimedia Networks and Internet Laboratory (Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering)
 Nanoscale Computing Fabrics Lab (Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering)
 National Center for Digital Governance
 Network Systems Laboratory (Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering)
 Political Economy Research Institute
 Reconfigurable Computing Laboratory (Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering)
 Scientific Reasoning Research Institute
 Soil Mechanics Laboratories (located at Marston Hall and ELAB-II)
 Terahertz Laboratory (Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering)
 The Environmental Institute
 VLSI CAD Laboratory (Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering)
 VLSI Circuits and Systems Laboratory (Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering)
 Virtual Center for Supernetworks
 Wind Energy Center (formerly the Renewable Energy Research Laboratory) (Mechanical and Industrial Engineering)
 Wireless Systems Laboratory (Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering)
 Yield and Reliability of VLSI Circuits (Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering)

University of Massachusetts Amherst
Massachusetts Amherst g
Ingres paper. Ingres paper is a type of drawing paper. It is a laid finish paper of light to medium weight, and it is not as strong or as durable as Bristol paper. Laid finish refers to the imprint of regular screen pattern of a papermaker's mould. Ingres is not necessarily a handmade paper, but is produced to replicate the properties of laid paper. Ingres is often used for charcoal and pastel drawing. It is also used as an endpaper in books.

The development of Ingres paper for drawing is ascribed to the French Neoclassical artist Dominique Ingres (1780-1867), although modern Ingres papers can differ from those actually used by Ingres. Ingres paper's pattern is a laid mesh. The laid effect creates a toothy grain of close lines on one side and a mottled surface on the reverse. The toothiness allows the paper to take charcoal easily and evenly. Ingres paper is favored in book arts for its antique appearance and pH neutrality.

Prominent manufactures include Canson, Hahnemühle (sometimes called "German Ingres"), and Fabriano. Ingres paper has a high rag content (around 65%) and is gelatin sized. It is available in a variety of colors.

References

Paper
Pastel
Europium(II) sulfide. Europium(II) sulfide is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula EuS. It is a black, air-stable powder.  Europium possesses an oxidation state of +II in europium sulfide, whereas the lanthanides exhibit a typical oxidation state of +III. Its Curie temperature (Tc) is 16.6 K. Below this temperature EuS behaves like a ferromagnetic compound, and above it exhibits simple paramagnetic properties.  EuS is stable up to 500 °C in air, when it begins to show signs of oxidation. In an inert environment it decomposes at 1470 °C.

Structure
EuS crystallizes in face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal lattice with the rock salt structure.  Both europium and sulfur have octahedral coordination geometry with a coordination number of six. The Eu-S bond lengths are 2.41 Å.

Preparation
In the preparation of EuS, powdered europium(III) oxide (Eu2O3) is treated with hydrogen sulfide (H2S) at 1150 °C. The crude EuS product is purified by heating at 900 °C under vacuum to remove excess sulfur.

Eu2O3  +  3 H2S  →   2 EuS  +  3 H2O  +  S

EuS has additionally been synthesized from europium dichloride (EuCl2), however, such products tend to be contaminated by chloride.

Research
In the past few decades, a new interest has been exhibited in the synthesis of EuS, as well as its oxygen analog EuO, because of their potential as laser window materials, insulating ferromagnets, ferromagnetic semiconductors, and magnetoresistant, optomagnetic, and luminescent materials.  EuS was used in an experiment providing evidence of Majorana fermions relevant to quantum computing and the production of qubits.

References

Europium(II) compounds
Monosulfides
Rock salt crystal structure
Bennett & Barkell Motorcycles. Bennett & Barkell or B & B motorcycles were manufactured in Australia from about 1910 to at least 1932 by Bennett & Barkell Ltd. of 234 Pitt Street, later 124-132 Castlereagh Street, and then the corner of Meagher and Chippen Streets, Sydney.

As was the case with most early Australian motorcycle companies, their machines were manufactured primarily from British parts. The B&B machines used JAP engines and Chater-Lea frames. They included 2.5 hp., 3.5 hp. 4 hp. (500cc), 6 hp. (770cc) and 8 hp. (1000cc) machines. Two piece tubular frame with engine as a stressed member. Used Druid forks and had large diameter (26 inch) wheels. Notable for a unique suspension system coupling the seat to the footboards (from ~1916).

In 1911 they asserted that the machine was built for Australian conditions with a key differentiating feature that they were "lighter in  weight than the usual type of heavy-duty machine, but much heavier than the usual light-weight 90 or 100 lb. motor cycle". They further asserted that "the frame is scientifically constructed, too, and though lighter in weight than many higher-powered machines, will stand a greater road strain". This machine had a JAP engine of just 2.5 hp however "owing to the light construction of the frame it accomplishes as much as, if not more, than the cycles which are encumbered with a superfluous amount of metal".

From ~1916, B&B offered, as an option on the larger models, a patented suspension mechanism involving a sprung seat pillar; the "B. & B. Spring Frame Attachment".

In 1917, advertising promoted the combination of Australian Workmanship and English Material, together with success in the NSW Motor Cycle Club's Reliability Trial on 9 June 1917.

References

External links
B & B Motorcycles

Defunct manufacturing companies of Australia
Motorcycle manufacturers of Australia
Motorcycles introduced in the 1910s
Australian companies established in 1910
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1910
Michael Lovell. Michael R. Lovell (March 20, 1967 – June 9, 2024) was an American engineer and academic administrator, last serving as President of Marquette University. Lovell held the office from 2014 until his death in 2024. Lovell was the first President of Marquette University who was a layman and not a Catholic clergyman.

Education
Lovell received his Bachelor of Science, Master of Science, and Ph.D in mechanical engineering from University of Pittsburgh.

Career
Lovell was the 8th chancellor for the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, having been named to that position by the UW System Board of Regents in April 2011. Lovell came to the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee as its engineering school dean in 2008 and served as its interim chancellor after the departure of its former chancellor Carlos E. Santiago in 2010. He had previously been the Professor and Associate Dean for Research of the Swanson School of Engineering at the University of Pittsburgh.

Lovell published more than 100 articles in engineering journals, wrote a dozen book chapters, and co-authored a book, Tribology for Scientists and Engineers. As a researcher, Lovell was a lead or co-lead investigator for nearly $30 million in externally funded research grants from foundations, businesses and government agencies including the National Science Foundation, the Department of Energy, the Department of Defense and the Department of Education. His research led to several technological breakthroughs, and he held seven patents and 14 provisional patents. In 2013, Lovell was formally inducted into the National Academy of Inventors. 

On July 6, 2014, it was announced that Lovell was named as President of Marquette University. Unlike previous Marquette University presidents, who were Catholic clergymen, Lovell was a lay president; the university itself is governed by the Catholic church's Society of Jesus. Lovell would be inaugurated on September 19, 2014.

Death
On June 9, 2024, Lovell died of sarcoma while on a pilgrimage in Rome, Italy. He was 57.

Awards
 NSF CAREER Award, Design Manufacturing and Industrial Innovation, 1997
 Outstanding International Publication on Bearings, FAG – Germany, 1997
 SME Outstanding Young Manufacturing Engineer Award, 1999
 ASME Burt L. Newkirk Award in Tribology, 2005
 Olympus Emerging Academic Innovator Award, 2006
 Fellow, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008
 W. K. Whiteford Endowed Faculty Fellowship, 2000 – 2008
 State of Wisconsin Distinguished Professor, 2010–present
 Fellow of National Academy of Inventors, 2013

References

External links
 Profile at Marquette University
 Profile at UW-Milwaukee

1967 births
2024 deaths
Presidents of Marquette University
Chancellors of the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
Swanson School of Engineering alumni
University of Pittsburgh faculty
Fellows of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Tribologists
American mechanical engineers
20th-century American engineers
21st-century American engineers
Fellows of the National Academy of Inventors
American university and college faculty deans
Deaths from sarcoma
Deaths from cancer in Lazio
Katarzyna Chałasińska-Macukow. Katarzyna Chałasińska-Macukow (born 20 March 1946 in Łódź, Poland) is a Polish physicist and professor at the University of Warsaw. In 2005 and again in 2008 elected for the post of the rector of the University of Warsaw.

Fellow and from 2008 Chairman of the Science Board in Collegium Invisibile.

Life and education 
She is a daughter of Józef Chałasiński, Polish sociologist and a sister of Grzegorz Chałasiński, Polish chemist. Alumni of the IX Klementyna Hoffmanowa High School in Warsaw. In 1970, after finishing Master Studies on Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, she worked for 4 years in Institute of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology. She returned to University of Warsaw where she was hired in Institute of Experimental Physics (up to 1980) and earned her PhD in 1979. Since 1980 she has been involved in Institute of Geophysics. She received tenure in physical sciences in 1988. In 1992 she became an associate professor and full professor in 1997. By the decision of President of Poland she received professor scientific degree on 20 November 1997. She also worked as an associate professor on Université Laval, Québec, Canada in 1982-1983.

Apart from scientific and didactic activity, she is also involved in cultural growth of academia being a patron of Hybrids Theatre UW and Academic Theater UW.

She was awarded Officer's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta in 2011.

Senior positions and memberships 
She held a series of senior positions at the University of Warsaw. She was associate dean (1995-1996) and was elected a dean at Faculty of Physics (1996-2002). In 2002 she was designated a vice-rector of finances and cadre politics. In 2005 she was elected for the pose of the rector of University of Warsaw. In 2008 she was elected for a second four-year cadency.

She is also a member of Polish Physical Society. She held the positions of vice-president in 2001-2003 and president in 2014-2017.

She is associative member of Warsaw Scientific Society and also fellow in Collegium Invisibile and chairman (from 2008) of the Science Board.

Scientific interest 
Currently she is working in the Department of Information Optics at Institute of Geophysics, University of Warsaw. Her scientific interests cover holography, optical and hybrid information processing, correlation methods, image recognition and classification, photonics applications in information technology.

References

20th-century Polish physicists
Rectors of universities in Poland
Living people
1946 births
Fellows of Collegium Invisibile
Academic staff of the University of Warsaw
Rectors of University of Warsaw
Academic staff of Université Laval
Bristol Standard Asynchronous Protocol. Bristol Standard Asynchronous/Synchronous Protocol (BSAP) is an industrial automation protocol developed by Bristol Babcock and managed by Emerson. It is a master-slave protocol suited to both synchronous high speed local networks and asynchronous low speed wide area networks. BSAP offers high message security for communication over telephone lines and radio networks by using effective error checking method (16 bit CRC-CCITT) and constantly exchanging the communication statistics. The polling scheme used by BSAP makes sure that each node in the network has an equal priority for requests and responses. BSAP also provides a mechanism of global addressing of all nodes connected for special messages like time synchronization apart from the normal individual addressing schemes. BSAP supports remote database access methods for reading and writing the memory in groups. It also supports multiple messaging schemes in which each node can transfer the node to other networks transparently and can transmit the responses in similar manner.

Protocol layers
The protocol supports different layers including application, transport, network, link and physical with 1745 asynchronous character oriented messages, 2111 transparent messages and 2629 conversational mode messages. The physical layer support includes the following options.
 RS-232
 RS-485
 Leased phone line
 Satellite
 Ethernet
 Cellular

See also

Computer network
Computer science
Computing

External links
 BSAP basic details
 BSAP Programmers Reference

Industrial computing
Serial buses
Industrial automation
Clarefield Park. Clarefield Park is a small park and Site of Local Importance for Nature Conservation in Brent Cross in the London Borough of Barnet.

It was developed on former wasteland, and has mown grassland, a children's playground and sports facilities.

There is access from Claremont Way.

In October 2010, Barnet Council gave planning consent for the Brent Cross Cricklewood Planning Application which includes closure of the park and development of the area, but as of August 2019, the park is still open.

See also
 Barnet parks and open spaces
 Nature reserves in Barnet

References

Further reading

Nature reserves in the London Borough of Barnet
Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Barnet
Coccinelle (software). Coccinelle (Italian for ladybugs) is an open-source for matching and transforming the source code of programs written in the C programming language.

Utility
Coccinelle was initially used to aid the evolution of the Linux kernel, providing support for changes to library application programming interfaces (APIs) such as renaming a function, adding a function argument whose value is somehow context-dependent, and reorganizing a data structure.

It can also be used to find defective programming patterns in code (i.e., pieces of code that are erroneous with high probability such as possible NULL pointer dereference) without transforming them. Therefore coccinelles role is close to that of static analysis tools. Examples of such use are provided by the applications of the herodotos tool, which keeps track of warnings generated by coccinelle.

Support for Coccinelle is provided by IRILL.  Funding for the development has been provided by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), the Danish Research Council for Technology and Production Sciences, and INRIA.

The source code of Coccinelle is licensed under the terms of version 2 of the GNU General Public License (GPL).

Semantic Patch Language
The source code to be matched or replaced is specified using a "semantic patch" syntax based on the patch syntax. The Semantic Patch Language (SmPL') pattern resembles a unified diff with C-like declarations.

Example 
@@
expression lock, flags;
expression urb;
@@

 spin_lock_irqsave(lock, flags);
 <...
- usb_submit_urb(urb)
+ usb_submit_urb(urb, GFP_ATOMIC)
 ...>
 spin_unlock_irqrestore(lock, flags);

@@
expression urb;
@@

- usb_submit_urb(urb)
+ usb_submit_urb(urb, GFP_KERNEL)

References

External links 
 
 Official latest stable download
 Articles describing the use of Coccinelle
 Coccinellery: Semantic Patch Gallery

Code refactoring
Static program analysis tools
Software using the GNU General Public License
X-Sat. X-Sat is a microsatellite developed and built by the Nanyang Technological University (NTU) in collaboration with Defence Science Organisation (DSO) Singapore. The satellite was launched by ISRO's PSLV-C16 on 20 April 2011 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre FLP in Sriharikota, India. The satellite was launched along with Indian ResourceSat-2 and Indo-Russian YouthSat.

Project Objectives 

 Create an affordable microsatellite bus that can conduct remote sensing operations in situations close to real-time.
 To increase the nation's capacity (resources and infrastructure) for satellite engineering
 To encourage academic interest in this field's R&D

References

External links

NSSDC ID: 2011-015C
Homepage
A few photographs of the development process
Academic paper discussing the design of the X-Sat PPU
The X-Sat PPU: designed to be the first Beowulf cluster in space

Mini satellites of India
Spacecraft launched in 2011
2011 in India
Satellites of Singapore
2011 in Singapore
PieP. Process Image Exchange Protocol (PieP) is a very simple Fieldbus protocol used for process automation. It is an application layer protocol developed over TCP/IP. PieP uses method of transferring process images between I/O Devices and the PLC which makes the protocol simple to use. This protocol works just ensuring that the mirror of the input image in the PLC gets updated from the generated input image from I/O Device and the output image in the I/O device is always maintained as same as the mirror image in the PLC.

See also

Computer network
Computer science

External links
 PieP Open Source
 PieP Blog

Industrial Ethernet
DFS Seeadler. The DFS Seeadler (Sea Eagle) was a German flying boat sailplane designed by Hans Jacobs of the Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Segelflug (DFS).  It was version of the 1935 DFS Rhönadler, with a new fuselage and strongly gulled wings to keep them clear from spray.  The aircraft was first flown in the summer of 1935, test piloted by Hanna Reitsch, and towed by a Dornier Do 12.

Specifications

References

1930s German sailplanes
Seeadler
Glider aircraft
Gull-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1936