omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Brooke Benjamin. Thomas Brooke Benjamin, FRS (15 April 1929 – 16 August 1995) was an English mathematical physicist and mathematician, best known for his work in mathematical analysis and fluid mechanics, especially in applications of nonlinear differential equations.

Education and career
Benjamin was educated at Wallasey Grammar School on the Wirral, the University of Liverpool (BEng. 1950) and Yale University (MEng. 1952), before being awarded his doctorate at King's College, Cambridge in 1955. He was a fellow of King's from 1955 to 1964.

From 1979 until his death in 1995 he was Sedleian Professor of Natural Philosophy at the Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, and a fellow of The Queen's College, Oxford.

Contributions
The Benjamin–Ono equation describes one-dimensional internal waves in deep water. It was introduced by Benjamin in 1967, and later studied also by Hiroaki Ono.
Another equation named after Benjamin, the Benjamin–Bona–Mahony equation, models long surface gravity waves of small amplitude. Benjamin studied it with Jerry L. Bona and J. J. Mahony in a 1972 paper.

References

External links

Alumni of King's College, Cambridge
English mathematicians
Fellows of the Royal Society
British fluid dynamicists
Members of the French Academy of Sciences
1929 births
1995 deaths
20th-century French mathematicians
Sedleian Professors of Natural Philosophy
Fellows of the Queen's College, Oxford
Yale University alumni
PZL S-1. The PZL S-1 was a Polish trainer and liaison aircraft of 1945, which remained a prototype. It was the second aircraft built in Poland after World War II.

Design and development
The aircraft was designed by engineer Eugeniusz Stankiewicz, being a teacher in the Aviation School in Zamość. Works started in late 1944, soon after the liberation of eastern Poland, when central and western parts were still occupied by the Germans. The design of a trainer and liaison plane was approved by the Polish military Aviation Command, and Stankiewicz completed documentation in an aircraft factory PZL-Mielec in Mielec (the factory was destroyed by the Germans and at that time existed as repair works only).

There, a prototype was built, utilizing parts of the Soviet Polikarpov Po-2, like an engine with a propeller, wheels and seats, also a construction of a fuselage was similar to the Po-2. The plane, named S-1 (for Stankiewicz), was very simple. It was flown on 15 November 1945, by the Soviet pilot Piotr Kondratyenko. It was the second Polish-designed plane, that flew after the war (the  first was LWD Szpak). Further aircraft were not produced.

The prototype crashed on 14 May 1946 in Warsaw in a bad weather, however its pilot, who was Stankiewicz himself, survived.

Description
Wooden construction braced high-wing (parasol wing) monoplane, conventional in layout. Fuselage built of a frame, plywood and canvas covered. Rectangular wing with rounded tips, two-spar. Crew of two, sitting in tandem, in open cockpits with windshields. Fixed conventional landing gear, with a rear skid. Radial engine M-11D in front, with a Townend ring, two-blade wooden propeller (2.4 m diameter). Fuel tanks 126 L.

Operators

Polish Air Force

Specifications

See also

References

Further reading

External links

Silhouette

1940s Polish military trainer aircraft
1940s Polish military utility aircraft
PZL aircraft
VW Electronics Research Laboratory. The Volkswagen Electronics Research Laboratory (VWERL) is a division of the Volkswagen Group of America, Inc., with its headquarters in Silicon Valley (Belmont, California).

The VWERL's slogan Technology to the People! indicates its mission: to leverage Silicon Valley resources for the advancement of the Volkswagen Groups' products through technical knowledge and electronics expertise.

The VWERL has recently received media attention surrounding its joint victory with Stanford University in the DARPA Grand Challenge, a prize competition for driverless cars.

History
The Volkswagen Electronics Research Laboratory was founded in August 1998, and VWERL began operations in October 1998, with three employees.  As of December 2002, the lab had outgrown its Sunnyvale, California office and moved to Palo Alto.  In 2011 it moved again to Belmont. This current location provides a spacious office, workshop and prototyping areas for about 60 workers.  It supports VWERL employees at Volkswagen Group of America's offices in Auburn Hills, Michigan, and the new headquarters at Herndon, Virginia.

Affiliation
The VWERL supports all brands within the Volkswagen Group.  This includes Volkswagen Passenger Cars, Škoda, Bentley, and Bugatti as well as Audi, SEAT, and Lamborghini.  In addition to working with research and development teams in Germany, the VWERL also supports the development of U.S.-specific features for the Volkswagen Group of America.

Research "teams" at VWERL
The VWERL comprises four teams:
Driver Information and Assistance (DIA) - Instrumentation, visualization systems
Human Machine Interface (HMI) - Interface concepts for driver assistance, infotainment systems
Connected Vehicle (CV) - wireless infotainment, collaborative intelligence, distributed computing
Test Concepts and Validations (TCV) - Testing procedures, specifications compliance

Headquarters
The VWERL's headquarters are located at 500 Clipper Drive, Belmont CA.

See also

List of German cars
Volkswagen Group
Volkswagen Group of America

References

External links
VWERL.com-  VW Electronics Research Laboratory official website
VolkswagenGroupAmerica.com - Volkswagen Group of America, Inc. corporate website
Stanford Racing Team

Companies established in 1998
Volkswagen Group
Electronics Research Laboratory
Technology companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area
Bratu 220. The Bratu-220 was a Franco-Romanian prototype three-engined airliner of the 1930s, built in France.

Development and usage

The aircraft was designed in 1929 by a Romanian engineer Romulus Bratu, who worked in France. Quite unusual was its arrangement, with one engine in a fuselage front, and the other two in a common nacelle over a wing, in a push-pull configuration. A model was tested in a laboratory of St. Cyr Aeronautical Institute. Parts of the plane were made in a factory at Athis-Mons, and assembled in the CIDNA workshops at Le Bourget airport.

The prototype was flown on 26 November 1932 and after tests, received a French airworthiness certificate. The plane had high useful load 4500 kg and could fly on two engines. In March 1933 it was shown to the French Minister of Air Pierre Cot.

Description 
High-wing cantilever monoplane of wooden construction, with closed cab, three engines, and a fixed landing gear. Sparless wing, with slightly swept leading edge, straight rear edge and rounded tips, was basing on a geodetical structure of crossing ribs. Crew sat in a cab before the wing. Next and below in the fuselage, under the wing, there was a cabin for 10 passengers, with rectangular windows and access doors in front and at the rear. The landing-gear was of the conventional-type, with a tailwheel.

A single Gnome-Rhône Jupiter 420 hp radial engine was mounted in the nose of the fuselage, while two Gnome-Rhône Titan 230 hp radial engines were in a common nacelle on struts above the fuselage and wing, one of them was tractor, the other one pusher (push-pull configuration). All engines drove two-blade propellers and had no covers.

Specifications

See also

References

Bibliography

External links

Photos and drawings at Ugolok Neba site

Aircraft manufactured in France
1930s French airliners
Three-engined push-pull aircraft
High-wing aircraft
CIDNA aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1932
Three-engined piston aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Insituform. Insituform Technologies, Inc. is a worldwide provider of trenchless technologies for gravity and pressure pipelines. Insituform is a subsidiary of Aegion Corporation.

History
Insituform's inception was prompted by the invention of cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) by Eric Wood of the United Kingdom in the early 1970s. Its name comes from the Latin phrase "in situ form," which means to "form in place." The first CIPP tube was installed in the UK in 1971 and is still in service today. A CIPP system consists of a flexible felt or fiber-reinforced tube impregnated with resin. The tube is inserted into an existing pipeline by either inversion or via a pull-in method. It is then cured with steam or hot water, providing a new jointless pipe within a pipe.

In 2007, Insituform announced that it would exit the tunneling business and seek a buyer for Affolder, Inc.

Insituform acquired two new companies in first quarter of 2009. The Bayou Companies acquisition closed on February 23, 2009. Acquisition of Corrpro Companies, Inc. closed on March 31, 2009.

In 2011, Aegion Corporation was created to serve as the parent company for Insituform, Bayou and Corrpro, along with other acquisitions.

References

External links
 Official site
 Information on U.S. Patent no. 4009063
 Related information on CIPP patents
 Company information

Construction and civil engineering companies of the United States
Macchi M.B.308. The Macchi MB.308, later Aermacchi MB-308, is a light aircraft produced in Italy in the late 1940s.

Development

It was a conventional high-wing cantilever monoplane with fixed tricycle undercarriage. Construction throughout was of wood. The pilot and a single passenger or instructor sat side by side, and later examples had a third seat behind them.

The MB.308 was ordered in quantity by the Italian Air Force, which leased them out to Italy's aeroclubs. A modified version with a higher-powered engine was put into production in Argentina, under licence to sailplane manufacturer German Bianco.

Operators

Argentine National Gendarmerie

Egyptian Air Force

Italian Air Force (Aeronautica Militare Italiana) - received 81 aircraft in 1948 and were retired in 1954

Lebanese Air Force

Variants

MB.308
Two-seat version with an  or  Continental engine.  137 built.
MB.308 Idro
Seaplane version
MB.308G
Three-seat version with a  Continental C90 engine.
MB.308-100
MB.308G built by German Bianco in Argentina with a  Continental O-200-A engine.  Approximately 46 built.

Specifications (MB.308 - C85 engine)

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography 

 
 
 
 

M.B.308
1940s Italian civil utility aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1947
Aircraft with fixed tricycle landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
SMB Adventure. SMB Adventure is an inshore Survey Motor Boat of the Royal New Zealand Navy and part of the Navy's Deployable Hydrographic Unit. She is not a commissioned ship, and was usually transported on and operated as a tender from . Adventure is capable of independent operations and short coastal passages.

SMB Adventure was built in Kumeu, North Auckland, in 1998. A catamaran hull was chosen to give a wide working area aft and allow the multibeam echo sounder to be retracted between the hulls.

Adventure is fitted with an echo sounder and data can be integrated with the multi-beam system fitted to Resolution.

References

Survey ships of the Royal New Zealand Navy
1998 ships
Individual catamarans
Robotis Bioloid. The Robotis Bioloid (stylized as ROBOTIS BIOLOID) is a hobbyist and educational robot kit produced by the South Korean robot manufacturer Robotis. The Bioloid platform consists of components and small, modular servomechanisms called the AX-12A Dynamixels, which can be used in a daisy-chained fashion to construct robots of various configurations, such as wheeled, legged, or humanoid robots. The Robot is programmed with RoboPlus, C (programming language) based software. The Bioloid system is thus comparable to the Lego Mindstorms, and VEX Robotics VEXplorer kits.

Kit types
There are multiple variations of the Bioloid kit:
 Robotis Bioloid Beginner – includes parts and designs for 14 robot types; discontinued
 Robotis Bioloid Comprehensive – includes parts and designs for 26 robot types; discontinued
 Robotis Bioloid Expert – designed for education or research use; discontinued
 Robotis Bioloid Premium – upgraded and latest version of Bioloid Comprehensive Kit builds 29 different configurations
 Robotis Bioloid GP – intended for robot competitions
 Robotis Darwin-Mini Humanoid Robot – 3d printed shell allows infinite customization options
 Robotis Bioloid STEM Standard – includes parts and designs for 7 robot types
 Robotis Bioloid STEM Expansion – includes parts and designs for 9 robot types; requires purchase of STEM Standard

TurtleBot 3 and other platforms
Turtlebot 3, announced in 2016 and developed in collaboration with Robotis and the Open Source Robotics Foundation, is the smallest and cheapest of the TurtleBots.

Other Robotis platforms include: Robotis OP 2, Robotis Manipulator, and ThorMang3.

TB3 plug-ins for Gazebo
Robotis has TurtleBot3 plug-ins for the Gazebo robotics simulator that allow simulating a TB3 Burger, Waffle, or Waffle Pi.

Applications
The platform is currently in use by the U.S. Naval Academy in their mechanical engineering courses, and is also popular in the RoboCup international robotics competition  and FIRA competition.

See also
TurtleBot
DARwIn-OP now known as Robotis OP2

References

Robot kits
Bipedal humanoid robots
Robotics at ROBOTIS
2000s robots
Universal Robotics. Universal Logic, Inc., formerly Universal Robotics, Inc., is an artificial intelligence software engineering and robotics integration company headquartered in Nashville, Tennessee. 

The Company was founded in 2008 by brothers, David and Alan Peters.  In 2015, the company received its first million-dollar contract.

Leadership

Universal Robotics is led by David Peters, CEO, Nick Buchta, President, and Goutham Mallapragada, CTO.

References

Companies established in 2001
Robotics companies of the United States
Software companies based in Tennessee
Software companies of the United States
Kalsar College of Engineering. The Kalsar College Of Engineering is a private tertiary education institution near Chennai, India, affiliated to Anna University. It was founded in 1998 in Sriperumpudur, Tamil Nadu and is approved by the All India Council for Technical Education and the Government of Tamil Nadu.

External links
 Kalsar College Of Engineering official site

Engineering colleges in Tamil Nadu
Colleges affiliated to Anna University
Universities and colleges in Kanchipuram district
Educational institutions established in 1998
1998 establishments in Tamil Nadu
Fleetwings. Fleetwings, later Kaiser-Fleetwings, was an American aircraft company of the 1930s and 1940s.

History
Fleetwings started in 1926 (under a different name) as a business based on a patented mechanical timing device, which proved particularly suited to controlling automated welding equipment. After developing the additional capacity to offer welding services, it pursued research and technology specifically related to the welding of stainless steel. In 1929, the company reorganized as Fleetwings, Inc., in Garden City, New York, to develop stainless-steel aircraft structures. 

The company progressed to manufacturing components for other aircraft manufacturers, including ribs and control surfaces for the Ireland "Privateer" amphibian, and ribs, flaps and tail surfaces for Grover Loening Aircraft Company, and moved to a larger location in a hangar on lower Roosevelt Field, Long Island. In 1934, it purchased the former Keystone Aircraft facility on the Delaware River in Bristol, Pennsylvania, and moved its operations there. The corporate structure of Fleetwings, Inc., was dominated by the de Ganahl family. In the mid-1930s, its board of directors included Carl de Ganahl, Charles F. de Ganahl, Chloe de Ganahl, Joe de Ganahl and Frank de Ganahl. During the company's history, Carl, Cecil and Frank de Ganahl each served as President at various times.

The company became Kaiser-Fleetwings in when it was purchased in March, 1943, by Henry J. Kaiser's Kaiser Industries. Kaiser-Fleetwings' entered its XBTK-1 in a United States Navy attack aircraft competition, with five aircraft being flown. The contract went to the Douglas AD-1 Skyraider and the Martin AM Mauler.

By 1951, it was being suggested that aviation operations at the company had ceased. The Kaiser-Fleetwings Co. still existed as late as 1960, when it manufactured the launch canister for the Echo 1 balloon satellite at its Bristol factory.  The plant was closed in 1962 and demolished, to make way for housing development.

Aircraft

See also
 Budd Company
 Columbia Aircraft Corporation

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links

 XBQ-1 and XBQ-2

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the United States
American companies established in 1929
Glasflügel 206. The Glasflügel 206 Hornet is a Standard Class sailplane produced in Germany between 1975 and 1979. Of conventional sailplane design with a T-tail, it replaced the Standard Libelle, featuring composite construction throughout. Differences from the earlier aircraft included a redesigned canopy, retractable monowheel landing gear, and provision for 100 kg (220 lbs) of water ballast.

An improved version, the Hornet C was produced in 1979, incorporating a new one-piece canopy originally designed for the Mosquito and an increase in water ballast capacity to 170 kg (375 lb). The wing was also revised, making extensive use of carbon fibre structures to save weight.

Specifications (206)

See also

References

External links

 Glasflugel H-206 “Hornet” Retrieved 8 July 2020

1970s German sailplanes
Glasflügel aircraft
T-tail aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1974
Q-machine. A Q-machine is a device that is used in experimental plasma physics. 
The name Q-machine stems from the original intention of creating a 
quiescent plasma that is free from the fluctuations that are 
present in plasmas created in electric discharges. The Q-machine 
was first described in a publication by Rynn and D'Angelo.

The Q-machine plasma is created at a plate that has been heated 
to about 2000 K and hence is called the hot plate. Electrons are 
emitted by the hot plate through thermionic emission, and ions 
are created through contact ionization of atoms of alkali metals 
that have low ionization potentials. The hot plate is made of a 
metal that has a large work function and can withstand high 
temperatures, e.g. tungsten or rhenium. The alkali metal is 
boiled in an oven that is designed to direct a beam of alkaline 
metal vapor onto the hot plate. A high value of the hot plate 
work function and a low ionization potential of the metal makes 
for a low potential barrier for an electron in the alkaline metal 
to overcome, thus making the ionization process more efficient. 
Sometimes barium is used instead of an alkaline metal due to its 
excellent spectroscopic properties. The fractional ionization of a Q-machine plasma can approach unity, which can be orders of magnitude greater than that predicted by the Saha ionization equation.

The temperature of the Q-machine plasma is close to the temperature 
of the hot plate, and the ion and electron temperatures are similar. 
Although this temperature (about 2000 K) is high compared to room 
temperature, it is much lower than electron temperatures that are 
usually found in discharge plasma. 
The low temperature makes it possible to create a plasma column that 
is several ion gyro radii across. Since the alkaline metals are 
solids at room temperature they will stick to the walls of the 
machine on impact, and therefore the neutral pressure can be kept 
so low that for all practical purposes the plasma is fully ionised.

Plasma research that has been performed using Q-machines 
includes current driven ion cyclotron waves, 
Kelvin-Helmholtz waves, and electron phase space 
holes.

Today, Q-machines can be found at West Virginia University and at 
the University of Iowa in the USA, at Tohoku University in Sendai 
in Japan, and at the University of Innsbruck in Austria.

References 

Plasma technology and applications
Oklahoma Natural Gas Company Building. The Oklahoma Natural Gas Company Building is a historic building in Tulsa, Oklahoma, at 624 South Boston Ave. It was one of the first local Art Deco buildings built in the new Art Deco style, along with the Public Service of Oklahoma Building. This choice by the relatively conservative utility companies made the style acceptable in the city, with many Art Deco buildings built subsequently in Tulsa. The building was designed by Frank V. Kirshner and Arthur M. Atkinson. It was built of reinforced concrete, and clad in buff brick, except for the lower two stories, which are clad in limestone. The verticalness of the building is emphasized by piers rising the entire height of the facade with windows placed between the piers.

This building was spared from demolition in 1982, when ONEOK (the successor to ONG) abandoned its plan to replace the structure with a new high-rise headquarters building. Instead, ONEOK took over a high-rise then under construction by Citgo at Fifth Street and Boulder Avenue. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 10, 1984, for architectural significance and as a representative of the tremendous growth Tulsa experienced during the 1920s. It  is included in the Oil Capital Historic District as a contributing structure.

References

External links
Building's Web Site:
 
Tulsa Preservation Commission

Skyscraper office buildings in Tulsa, Oklahoma
Commercial buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Oklahoma
Art Deco architecture in Oklahoma
Oneok
Historic district contributing properties in Oklahoma
National Register of Historic Places in Tulsa, Oklahoma
Boustrophedon cell decomposition. The boustrophedon cell decomposition (BCD) is a method used in artificial intelligence and robotics for configuration space solutions.  Like other cellular decomposition methods, this method transforms the configuration space into cell regions that can be used for path planning.

A strength of the boustrophedon cell decomposition is that it allows for more diverse, non-polygonal obstacles within a configuration space. The representation still depicts polygonal obstacles, but the representations are complex enough that they are very effective when describing things like rounded surfaces, jagged edges, etc.

It is a goal of the method to optimize a path that can be chosen by an intelligent system. While a BCD can represent the existence of objects in a physical space, it does very little to nothing in terms of recognizing the objects. This would be done using another method, one which most likely requires additional sensory data in order to be used.

References

Robot control
Computer vision