omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Web content development. Web content development is the process of researching, writing, gathering, organizing, and editing information for publication on websites. Website content may consist of prose, graphics, pictures, recordings, movies, or other digital assets that could be distributed by a hypertext transfer protocol server, and viewed by a web browser.

Web developers and content developers
When the World Wide Web began, web developers either developed online content themselves, or modified existing documents and coded them into hypertext markup language (HTML). In time, the field of website development came to encompass many technologies, so it became difficult for website developers to maintain so many different skills.  

Content developers are specialized website developers who have content generation skills such as  graphic design, multimedia development, professional writing, and documentation. They can integrate content into new or existing websites without using information technology skills such as script language programming and database programming. 

Content developers or technical content developers can also be technical writers who produce technical documentation that helps people understand and use a product or service. This documentation includes online help, manuals, white papers, design specifications, developer guides, deployment guides, release notes, etc.

Search engine optimization
Content developers may also be search engine optimization specialists, or internet marketing professionals. High quality, unique content is what search engines are looking for. Content development specialists, therefore, have a very important role to play in the search engine optimization process. One issue currently plaguing the world of web content development is keyword-stuffed content which are prepared solely for the purpose of manipulating search engine rankings. The effect is that content is written to appeal to search engine (algorithms) rather than human readers. Search engine optimization specialists commonly submit content to article directories to build their website's authority on any given topic.  Most article directories allow visitors to republish submitted content with the agreement that all links are maintained.  This has become a method of search engine optimization for many websites today. If written according to SEO copywriting rules, the submitted content will bring benefits to the publisher (free SEO-friendly content for a webpage) as well as to the author (a hyperlink pointing to his/her website, placed on an SEO-friendly webpage).

New content types
Web content is no longer restricted to text. Search engines now index audio/visual media, including video, images, PDFs, and other elements of a web page. Website owners sometimes use content protection networks to scan for plagiarized content.

See also
 Web content
 Web content lifecycle
 Content marketing
 Search engine optimization
 Content designer
 Content management
 Content adaptation
 Professional writing
 Technical writer
 Web content management system

References

Web development
Web content
Exoelectron emission. In atomic physics, exoelectron emission (EE) is a weak electron emission, appearing only from pretreated (irradiated, deformed etc.) objects. The pretreatment ("excitation") turns the objects into an unequilibrial state. EE accompanies the relaxation of these unequilibria. The relaxation can be stimulated e.g. by slight heating or longwave illumination, not causing emission from untreated samples. Accordingly, thermo- and  photostimulated EE (TSEE, PSEE) are distinguished. Thus, EE is an electron emission analogue of such optical phenomena as phosphorescence, thermo- and photostimulated luminescence.

References

Atomic, molecular, and optical physics
Drove chisel. A drove chisel is a tool used by stonemasons for smoothing off roughly finished stones. When first cut from the quarry, stones are frequently have large grooves, droves, left from the splitting process. The droving chisel is used for the next stage, making the surface of the stone flat enough to use. The drove chisel is used for softer rocks such as limestone and marble, while harder rock such as granite requires a point-toothed chisel.

Notes

Masonry
Chisels
DCE Distributed File System. The DCE Distributed File System (DCE/DFS) is the remote file access protocol used with the Distributed Computing Environment. It was a variant of Andrew File System (AFS), based on the AFS Version 3.0 protocol that was developed commercially by Transarc Corporation. AFS Version 3.0 was in turn based on the AFS Version 2.0 protocol (also used by the Coda disconnected file system) originally developed at Carnegie Mellon University.

DCE/DFS consisted of multiple cooperative components that provided a network file system with strong file system semantics, attempting to mimic the behavior of POSIX local file systems while taking advantage of performance optimizations when possible.  A DCE/DFS client system utilized a locally managed cache that would contain copies (or regions) of the original file.  The client system would coordinate with a server system where the original copy of the file was stored to ensure that multiple clients accessing the same file would re-fetch a cached copy of the file data when the original file had changed.

The advantage of this approach is that it provided very good performance even over slow network connections because most of the file access was actually done to the local cached regions of the file. If the server failed, the client could continue making changes to the file locally, storing it back to the server when it became available again.

DCE/DFS also divorced the concept of logical units of management (Filesets) from the underlying volume on which the fileset was stored.  In doing this it allowed administrative control of the location for the fileset in a manner that was transparent to the end user.  To support this and other advanced DCE/DFS features, a local journaling file system (DCE/LFS also known as Episode) was developed to provide the full range of support options.

IBM has not maintained it since 2005: https://web.archive.org/web/20071009171709/http://www-306.ibm.com/software/stormgmt/dfs/

IBM was working on a replacement for DCE/DFS called ADFS (Advanced Distributed File System).  One major goal of this project was to decouple DFS from the complexities of DCE's cell directory services (CDS) and security services (secd).  Another key feature would have been the elimination of enctype limitations associated with DCE/RPC.  No public mention of this effort has been made since 2005, leading many to believe the project has been killed.

The DCE Distributed File System (DFS) was adopted by the Open Software Foundation in 1989 as part of their Distributed Computing Environment.

Staff in several locations simultaneously edited the 1996 Olympics website;
DFS was used to synchronize their changes and update Web mirror sites around the world.

See also
 Andrew File System
 Distributed Computing Environment

References

External links
 DCE Official Web Site (archived).
 Some DCE Papers Available On-Line.
 IBM DFS home

Distributed file systems
Network file systems
Internet Protocol based network software
Turnover number. In chemistry, the term "turnover number" has two distinct meanings.

In enzymology, the turnover number () is defined as the limiting number of chemical conversions of substrate molecules per second that a single active site will execute for a given enzyme concentration  for enzymes with two or more active sites. For enzymes with a single active site,  is referred to as the catalytic constant. It can be calculated from the limiting reaction rate  and catalyst site concentration  as follows:

 (See Michaelis–Menten kinetics).

In other chemical fields, such as organometallic catalysis, turnover number (TON) has a different meaning: the number of moles of substrate that a mole of catalyst can convert before becoming inactivated: 

 

An ideal catalyst would have an infinite turnover number in this sense, because it would never be consumed. The term turnover frequency (TOF) is used to refer to the turnover per unit time, equivalent to the meaning of turnover number in enzymology.  

For most relevant industrial applications, the turnover frequency is in the range of  for enzymes). The enzyme catalase has the largest turnover frequency, with values up to 4 s−1 having been reported.

Turnover number of diffusion-limited enzymes

Acetylcholinesterase is a serine hydrolase with a reported catalytic constant greater than 104 s−1. This implies that this enzyme reacts with acetylcholine at close to the diffusion-limited rate.

Carbonic anhydrase is one of the fastest enzymes, and its rate is typically limited by the diffusion rate of its substrates. Typical catalytic constants for the different forms of this enzyme range between 104 s−1 and 106 s−1.

See also

 Catalysis

References

Enzyme kinetics
Units of catalytic activity
MOS Technology 6532. The 6532 RAM-I/O-Timer (RIOT) was an integrated circuit made by MOS Technology, as well as second sources such as Rockwell. It incorporates 128 bytes of static RAM, two bidirectional 8-bit digital input/output ports, and a Programmable interval timer. This high degree of integration made it popular in the late 1970s and early 1980s, as it could take the place of several different integrated circuits (ICs). 

It is used in the Atari 2600 video game console. The chip was also deployed in Gottlieb pinball machines, such as Haunted House and Black Hole, the Atari 810 and 1050 disk drives, as well as Commodore's 8050, 8250 & 8250LP PET disk drives. The Atari 850 Interface, which gives the Atari 400 and 800 computers an RS-232 interface, uses two 6532 chips.

6532 ICs were available in 1 MHz and 2 MHz versions. The form factor was a JEDEC-standard, 40-pin DIP (ceramic or plastic).

External links
6532 Datasheet (MOS) (GIF format, zipped)
6532 Datasheet (Rockwell) (PDF format)

MOS Technology integrated circuits
SpyToy. SpyToy (EyeToy: Operation Spy in North America) is a 2005 video game developed by London Studio and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation 2. It utilizes the EyeToy camera peripheral to detect player movement.

Gameplay 
The main objective of the game is to guard a room from an intruder. Unique features include new face recognition technology, new video messaging, and interactive missions. If an intruder is caught, the next time the player returns to the room they can watch the recorded video of who came in. The concept for EyeToy: Operation Spy was derived from a game within EyeToy: Play 2, which also had a similar minigame.

Reception

The game received "mixed" reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic.

References

External links
 

2005 video games
EyeToy games
London Studio games
PlayStation 2 games
PlayStation 2-only games
Single-player video games
Sony Interactive Entertainment games
Spy video games
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Hugo Koch. Hugo Alexander Koch (9 March 1870, Delft – 3 March 1928, Düsseldorf) was a Dutch inventor who conceived of and patented an idea for machine encryption, the rotor machine, although he was not the first to do so. He is sometimes erroneously credited as the originator of the Enigma machine; this has been shown instead to be the work of German engineer Arthur Scherbius.

Koch filed for his rotor machine patent on 7 October 1919, and was granted Netherlands patent 10,700 (equivalent to ), held by Naamloze Vennootschap Ingenieursbureau Securitas in Amsterdam. No machine was built from his patents, and, in 1927, he assigned the rights to Arthur Scherbius, the inventor of the Enigma machine. Scherbius had developed the idea of rotor machine encryption independently from Koch, and had filed for his own patent in 1918. Bauer (1999) writes that Scherbius bought Koch's patents "obviously not because he did not own patents before; presumably he wanted to protect his patents".

See also
 Edward Hebern
 Arvid Damm

References
 Friedrich L Bauer, "An error in the history of rotor encryption devices", Cryptologia 23(3),  July 1999, page 206. 
 David Kahn, The Codebreakers, 1967.

1870 births
1928 deaths
20th-century Dutch inventors
Dutch cryptographers
People from Delft
Thermotropic crystal. A liquid crystal phase is thermotropic if its order parameter is determined by temperature.  At high temperatures, liquid crystals become an isotropic liquid and at low temperatures, they tend to glassify.  In a thermotropic crystal, those phase transitions occur only at temperature extremes; the phase is insensitive to concentration.

Most thermotropic liquid crystals are composed of rod-like molecules, and admit nematic, smectic, or cholesterolic phases.

See also
 Thermochromism
Thermotropic liquid crystals

References

External links
 What are Liquid Crystals?

Liquid crystals
Physical Society. A Physical Society is a  professional organization or learned society of physicists, and may refer to:

American Physical Society
Austrian Physical Society
Belgian Physical Society
Brazilian Physical Society
Chinese Physical Society
Danish Physical Society
Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft (German Physical Society)
Estonian Physical Society
European Physical Society
French Physical Society
Indian Physical Society
Italian Physical Society
Korean Physical Society
Nepal Physical Society
Netherlands' Physical Society
Polish Physical Society
Spanish Royal Physical Society
Swiss Physical Society
Physical Society of Edinburgh
Physical Society of Iran
Physical Society of Japan
Physical Society of London (now Institute of Physics)

See also
Medical Society (disambiguation)
Bar association
List of mathematical societies
Trimethylolpropane triacrylate. Trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) is a trifunctional acrylate ester monomer derived from trimethylolpropane, used in the manufacture of plastics, adhesives, acrylic glue, anaerobic sealants, and ink. It is useful for its low volatility and fast cure response. It has the properties of weather, chemical and  water resistance, as well as good abrasion resistance. End products include alkyd coatings, compact discs, hardwood floors, concrete and cementitious applications, Dental composites, photolithography, letterpress, screen printing, elastomers, automobile headlamps, acrylics and plastic components for the medical industry.

Other uses
As the molecule has acrylic functionality, it is capable of doing the Michael reaction with an amine. This allows its use in epoxy chemistry where its use speeds up the cure time considerably

See also
Pentaerythritol tetraacrylate
1,6-Hexanediol diacrylate

References

TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE TRIACRYLATE at chemicalland21.com
Trimethylolpropane Triacrylate at OSHA
Trimethylolpropane triacrylate CAS Number: 15625-89-5 at ntp.niehs.nih.gov

Acrylate esters
Monomers
Emilio Herrera Linares. Emilio Herrera Linares (13 February 1879, in Granada, Spain – 13 September 1967, in Geneve, Switzerland) was a Spanish military engineer and physicist.

Biography
He was born in Granada, 1879 and became interested in the military from a young age. His father served in the military as well as attended science fairs and conventions, this would lead to his interest in military science. He graduated from the Academy of Military Engineering of Guadalajara in 1902; he subsequently researched aeronautics, including a brief period at the University of Santander. He is best known for his work in cosmology and pioneering studies for high-altitude flight, spaceflight, computing, and for designing the pressurised stratonautical space suit that was to be used in a planned stratospheric balloon flight in 1936 and that is considered one of the antecedents of the space suit.

During the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939), he remained loyal to the Second Spanish Republic. In 1937, he was made a general. He was a minister in several Spanish Republican government in exile and Prime Minister of the Republic in exile between 1960 and 1962. He was father of the poet José Herrera Petere.

Works

In Fiction
In 2020 he was played by actor Vicente Romero in the Spanish series El ministerio del tiempo.

External links
 Escafandra Estratonautica
  Foundation Emilio Herrera
  Biography of Emilio Herrera 
  Los cien granadinos del siglo XX 
 NASA's Dressing for Altitude, U.S. Aviation Pressure Suits-Wiley Post to Space Shuttle, pages 39-40

References

1879 births
1967 deaths
People from Granada
Spanish aviation pioneers
Spanish military engineers
Spanish engineers
Spanish scientists
Spanish inventors
Spanish generals
Spanish republicans
Spanish military personnel of the Spanish Civil War (Republican faction)
Government ministers of Spain
Exiles of the Spanish Civil War in Switzerland
Recipients of the Order of Isabella the Catholic
Commanders of the Order of Isabella the Catholic
Dave McLellan. Dave McLellan (born in Munising, Michigan) was an automotive engineer for General Motors, most notably the chief engineer for the Corvette from 1975 until his retirement in 1992.

McLellan joined General Motors in 1959 after graduation from Wayne State University.

He was preceded as Corvette chief engineer by Zora Arkus-Duntov, who he worked briefly with prior to Zora's retirement. He is responsible for creating the C4 Corvette.

He was followed by Dave Hill, who oversaw completion of the 1997 C5 Corvette design that McLellan started.

Dave McLellan had two sons and was married to Glenda McLellan. One son followed in Dave's footsteps becoming an engineer and receiving an education at the Georgia institute of technology.

Dave has also written a well known book about Corvettes.

External links
 Corvette Museum tribute
 Corvette Action Center bio
 Corvette Chief Podcast and Blog
 Personal Bio

People from Munising, Michigan
American automotive engineers
Wayne State University alumni
General Motors executives
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Dave Hill (automotive engineer). David C. Hill (born  January 15, 1943) is a former automotive engineer for General Motors. He is best known as the Chief Engineer for the 5th (C5) and 6th (C6) generations of the Chevrolet Corvette.

He graduated from Michigan Tech and from the University of Michigan (M.A., Mechanical Engineering 1970), and began his career at GM in engine engineering for Cadillac in 1965, and moved into engineering management assignments for Cadillac in the mid-1970s, rising to the position of Engineering Program Manager in early 1992. He officially became the third Chief Engineer for the Corvette on November 18, 1992. He retired on January 1, 2006, and was succeeded as Corvette Chief Engineer by Tadge Juechter.

References 
 http://www.corvetteactioncenter.com/history/hill.html

American automotive engineers
1943 births
Living people
General Motors executives
Michigan Technological University alumni
20th-century American businesspeople
University of Michigan College of Engineering alumni
Flash photolysis. Flash photolysis is a pump-probe laboratory technique, in which a sample is first excited by a strong pulse of light from a pulsed laser of nanosecond, picosecond, or femtosecond pulse width or by another short-pulse light source such as a flash lamp. This first strong pulse is called the pump pulse and starts a chemical reaction or leads to an increased population for energy levels other than the ground state within a sample of atoms or molecules. Typically the absorption of light by the sample is recorded within short time intervals (by a so-called test or probe pulses) to monitor relaxation or reaction processes initiated by the pump pulse.

Flash photolysis was developed shortly after World War II as an outgrowth of attempts by military scientists to build cameras fast enough to photograph missiles in flight. The technique was developed in 1949 by Manfred Eigen, Ronald George Wreyford Norrish and George Porter, who won the 1967 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for this invention. Over the next 40 years the technique became more powerful and sophisticated due to developments in optics and lasers. Interest in this method grew considerably as its practical applications expanded from chemistry to areas such as biology, materials science, and environmental sciences. Today, flash photolysis facilities are extensively used by researchers to study light-induced processes in organic molecules, polymers, nanoparticles, semiconductors, photosynthesis in plants, signaling, and light-induced conformational changes in biological systems.

See also
 Attophysics (1 attosecond = 10−18 s)
 Femtochemistry
 Femtotechnology
 Ultrafast laser spectroscopy
 Ultrashort pulse

References

Photochemistry
Chemical kinetics
Time-resolved spectroscopy
Focke-Wulf Fw 57. The Focke-Wulf Fw 57 was a prototype German heavy fighter and fighter-bomber. Prototypes were built in 1936 but never entered production.

Design and development
In 1934, the Reich Air Ministry (RLM) declared a requirement for a Kampfzerstörer (battle destroyer), a tactical multi-role fighter/bomber concept, and a possible predecessor to the late-1930s German Schnellbomber concept. Focke-Wulf submitted the Fw 57, Messerschmitt submitted the Bf 110 and Henschel submitted the Hs 124.  The Fw 57 was larger than its two competitors; it was heavier and did not handle as well as them.

The Fw 57 was a twin-engine all-metal monoplane of conventional configuration, with a single fin and rearwards-retracting maingear members comprising its tailwheel undercarriage, into the engine nacelles. The pilot and navigator sat in tandem under a long canopy, the aft end of which had a gunner's turret.

Three Fw 57 prototypes (V1-V3) were completed during 1936. The aircraft was severely overweight and handled poorly. The original Kampfzerstörer concept, which specified a multi-role aircraft with turret-mounted armament had been abandoned by autumn 1936 in favor of the simpler Zerstörer represented by the Bf 110, which omitted gun turrets and bombing capability to allow greater performance. All further research into the Fw 57 was abandoned shortly thereafter.

Specifications (Fw 57 V1)

References

Green, William. Warplanes of the Third Reich. New York:Doubleday, 1972. .
Green, William and Gordon Swanborough. The Complete Book of Fighters. New York, Smithmark, 1994. .
Herwig, D and H. Rode.Luftwaffe Secret Projects - Ground Attack & Special Purpose Aircraft. 
 
Wagner, Ray and Heinz Nowarra. German Combat Planes: A Comprehensive Survey and History of the Development of German Military Aircraft from 1914 to 1945. New York: Doubleday, 1971.

External links

Picture and specifications of Fw 57

Abandoned military aircraft projects of Germany
Fw 057
Focke-Wulf Fw 057
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1936
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft