omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Constellation (disambiguation). A constellation is formally any of certain areas of the celestial sphere, or popularly and traditionally a perceived pattern of stars.

Constellation or constellations may also refer to:

Aerospace 
 Constellation Airlines, a defunct Belgian charter airline
 Lockheed Constellation, a propeller-driven airliner
 Constellation program, a canceled NASA human space exploration program
 Satellite constellation, a group of satellites

Arts, entertainment, and media

Music

Albums and EPs 
 Constellation (Alabama Thunderpussy album), 2000
  Constellation (EP), an Extended Play by black metal band Arcturus, 1994
 Constellation (Jim Cuddy album), 2018
 Constellation (Sonny Stitt album), 1972
 Constellations, a 2010 album by Balmorhea
 Constellations (August Burns Red album), 2009
 Constellations (Dave Douglas album), 1995
 Constellations (Esprit D'Air album), 2017

Songs 
 "Constellations" (song), the 2009 debut single by indie rock band Darwin Deez
 "Constellations", a song by Duster from the album Stratosphere

Other uses in music 
 "Constellation" (composition), a 1948 contrafact of "I Got Rhythm" by Charlie Parker
 Constellation Records (disambiguation), the name of three different record labels
 The Constellations, an American hip hop/rock band

Science fiction
 Con†Stellation, an annual general-interest science fiction convention held in Huntsville, Alabama
 ConStellation, the 41st World Science Fiction Convention, held in Baltimore in 1983
 Constellation (TV series), a 2024 science fiction TV series
 Constellations (2005 book), a 2005 science fiction anthology
 Constellations: Stories of the Future, a 1980 science fiction anthology

Other uses in arts, entertainment, and media 
 Constellation (Fabergé egg), one of two Easter eggs made under the supervision of Peter Carl Fabergé in 1917
 Constellation (film), a 2007 film set in Huntsville, Alabama
 Constellation Theatre Company (Washington, D.C.)
 Constellations (Miró), a 1939 artwork series by Joan Miró
 Constellations (play), a 2012 play premiered at the Royal Court Theatre
 Sozvezdie (film festival), a Russian film festival that translates to "Constellation"
 "Constellations", a Series C episode of the television series QI (2005)

Business and industry 
 Constellation Brands, a major wine, beer and spirits company
 Constellation (energy company), a power generation company
 EURion constellation, an anti-counterfeiting scheme
 Sozvezdie, a Russian electronic warfare company, meaning "Constellation"

Science and technology 
 Prime constellation, a pattern of prime numbers
 Constellation diagram, a means of representing a modulation scheme in digital communications
 Sun Constellation System, a petascale computing environment from Sun Microsystems

Transport
 GTS Celebrity Constellation, a Celebrity Cruises ship
 USS Constellation, a series of U.S. Navy ships
 C/S Salamis Glory, a cruise ship, formerly named Constellation
 Volkswagen Constellation
Constellation (yacht), 12-metre class yacht

Other 
 Constellations (journal), a peer-reviewed sociology journal
 Family Constellations
MIS AG. MIS AG is a German vendor of corporate performance management software. It was founded in Darmstadt in 1988. Started as a consulting company and reseller of the Applix products, MIS AG developed their own product similar to TM/1. In 1997, MIS AG settled a legal dispute with Applix regarding intellectual property.

MIS DecisionWare is a suite of Business Intelligence software:
 MIS Alea – a MOLAP application server
 MIS onVision (reporting on the Web)
 MIS Plain (reporting in Excel, linked to MIS Alea and Microsoft Analysis Services and SAP B/W)
 MIS Common Object Store (storage of users rights and reports)
 CubeWare Import Master (ETL)
 Bissantz DeltaMiner (Data Mining)

MIS DecisionWare Applications:
 MIS Enterprise Planning
 MIS Balanced Scorecard
 MIS Subsidiary Management
 MIS Financial Consolidation
 MIS Risk Management

In October 2003, MIS AG was acquired by UK-based Systems Union Group.

In August 2006, Systems Union Group together with MIS AG was acquired by Infor.

References

External links
Infor

Software companies established in 1988
Software companies of Germany
1988 establishments in West Germany
Companies based in Hesse
Sodium bromide. Sodium bromide is an inorganic compound with the formula . It is a high-melting white, crystalline solid that resembles sodium chloride. It is a widely used source of the bromide ion and has many applications.

Synthesis, structure, reactions
NaBr crystallizes in the same cubic motif as NaCl, NaF and NaI. The anhydrous salt crystallizes above 50.7 °C. Dihydrate salt () crystallize out of water solution below 50.7 °C.

NaBr is produced by treating sodium hydroxide with hydrogen bromide.

Sodium bromide can be used as a source of the chemical element bromine. This can be accomplished by treating an aqueous solution of NaBr with chlorine gas:

Applications
Sodium bromide is the most useful inorganic bromide in industry. It is also used as a catalyst in TEMPO-mediated oxidation reactions.

Medicine

Also known as Sedoneural, sodium bromide has been used as a hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and sedative in medicine, widely used as an anticonvulsant and a sedative in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Its action is due to the bromide ion, and for this reason potassium bromide is equally effective. In 1975, bromides were removed from drugs in the U.S. such as Bromo-Seltzer due to toxicity.

Preparation of other bromine compounds
Sodium bromide is widely used for the preparation of other bromides in organic synthesis and other areas. It is a source of the bromide nucleophile to convert alkyl chlorides to more reactive alkyl bromides by the Finkelstein reaction:
NaBr + RCl → RBr + NaCl (R = alkyl)

Once a large need in photography, but now shrinking, the photosensitive salt silver bromide is prepared using NaBr.

Disinfectant
Sodium bromide is used in conjunction with chlorine as a disinfectant for hot tubs and swimming pools.

Petroleum industry
Because of its high solubility in water (943.2 g/L or 9.16 mol/L, at 25 °C) sodium bromide is used to prepare dense drilling fluids used in oil wells to compensate a possible overpressure arising in the fluid column and to counteract the associated trend to blow out. The presence of the sodium cation also causes the bentonite added to the drilling fluid to swell, while the high ionic strength induces bentonite flocculation.

Safety
NaBr has a very low toxicity with an oral  estimated at 3.5 g/kg for rats. However, this is a single-dose value. Bromide ion is a cumulative toxin with a relatively long half-life (in excess of a week in humans): see potassium bromide.

References

External links

 Information about NaBr.
 Bromide Poisoning in Angola

Sodium compounds
Bromides
GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators
Sedatives
Alkali metal bromides
Rock salt crystal structure
Benzocyclobutene. Benzocyclobutene (BCB) is a benzene ring fused to a cyclobutane ring. It has chemical formula . 

BCB is frequently used to create photosensitive polymers.  BCB-based polymer dielectrics may be spun on or applied to various substrates for use in Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) and microelectronics processing.  Applications include wafer bonding, optical interconnects, low-κ dielectrics, or even intracortical neural implants.

Reactions

Benzocyclobutene is a strained system which, upon heating to approximately 180 °C, causes the cyclobutene to undergo a conrotatory ring-opening reaction, forming  o-xylylene. Since this process destroys the aromaticity of the benzene ring, the reverse reaction is highly favored.

o-Xylylenes generated in this way have been used prolifically in cycloaddition reactions, which restore the aromaticity to the benzene ring, while forming a new annulated species.

Uses
The benzocyclobutene moiety has also appeared in a number of chemical compounds with pharmacological properties such as ivabradine and S33005.   Additionally, the benzocyclobutene analog of 2C-B has been prepared and a benzocyclobutene-derived amphetamine has been patented.

See also 
 Benzocyclobutadiene

References

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Transit Research and Attitude Control. The Transit Research and Attitude Control (TRAAC) satellite was launched by the U. S. Navy from Cape Canaveral along with Transit 4B on November 15, 1961.

Mission 
The 109 kg satellite was used to test the feasibility of using gravity-gradient stabilization in Transit navigational satellites. It provided information on the effects of radiation from nuclear explosions in space, as it was one of several satellites whose detectors provided data for the Starfish Prime test; ultimately its solar cells were damaged by the radiation and it ceased operation. It was among several satellites which were inadvertently damaged or destroyed by the Starfish Prime high-altitude nuclear test on July 9, 1962, and subsequent radiation belt. It is expected to orbit for 800 years at an altitude of about .

Poem 
The first poem to be launched into orbit about the Earth was inscribed on the instrument panel of TRAAC. Entitled Space Prober and written by Prof. Thomas G. Bergin of Yale University, it reads in part:
And now 'tis man who dares assault the sky...
And as we come to claim our promised place, aim only to repay the good you gave,
And warm with human love the chill of space.

References

Satellites orbiting Earth
Spacecraft launched in 1961
Jason (rocket). Jason was an American sounding rocket with 5 stages. The Jason was launched 22 times in 1958. The Jason could carry a payload of 125 pounds (57 kg) to an altitude of 500 mi (800 km). The launch thrust was 82,100 pounds-force (365 kN), the launch mass 7,340 lb (3330 kg), the diameter 58 centimeters (23 in) and the length 17.5 meters (57 ft).

Also known as Argo E-5, this research vehicle was made by Aerolab for the Air Force (AFSWC) for use in the Jason program, which measured the trapped radiation from the Argus nuclear tests in the latter half of 1958. It was launched from Cape Kennedy, Wallops, and Puerto Rico.  It consisted of an Honest John first stage plus a Nike stage plus another Nike stage plus a Recruit stage plus a T-55 as the fifth stage.

References

External links 

 NASA History Office

Sounding rockets of the United States
1958 in spaceflight
Michał Zalewski. Michał Zalewski (born 19 January 1981), also known by the user name lcamtuf, is a computer security expert and "white hat" hacker from Poland. He is a former Google Inc. employee (until 2018), and currently the VP of Security Engineering at Snap Inc.

He has been a prolific vulnerability researcher and a frequent Bugtraq poster since the mid-1990s, and has written a number of programs for Unix-like operating systems. In 2005, Zalewski wrote Silence on the Wire: A Field Guide to Passive Reconnaissance and Indirect Attacks, a computer security book published by No Starch Press and subsequently translated into a number of languages.  In 2011, Zalewski wrote The Tangled Web: A Guide to Securing Modern Web Applications, also published by No Starch Press.

For his continued research on browser security, he was named one of the 15 most influential people in security and among the 100 most influential people in IT.

Zalewski was one of the original creators of Argante, a virtual open source operating system. Among other projects, he also created p0f and American fuzzy lop.

Reported bugs

 
 
 
 
  This vulnerability made an appearance on The Matrix Reloaded.
 
 
 Firefox wyciwyg:// cache vulnerability

References

External links
Michał Zalewski's personal home page
Michał Zalewski's personal blog
Interview with Michał Zalewski at OnLamp 

1981 births
Living people
Computer security specialists
Google employees
Herb Sutter. Herb Sutter is a prominent C++ expert. He is also an author of several books on C++ and was a columnist for Dr. Dobb's Journal.

Education and career
Sutter was born and raised in Oakville, Ontario, and studied computer science at Canada's University of Waterloo.

From 1995 to 2001 he was chief technology officer at PeerDirect where he designed the PeerDirect database replication engine.

He joined Microsoft in 2002 as a platform evangelist for Visual C++ .NET, rising to lead software architect for C++/CLI. In recent years Sutter was lead designer for C++/CX and C++ AMP. In November 2024, after 22 years at Microsoft, Sutter left to join Citadel Securities.

Sutter has served as the chair of the ISO C++ standards committee since 2002.

In 2005, Sutter published an article titled "The Free Lunch Is Over" that claimed that microprocessor serial-processing speed was reaching a physical limit leading to two main consequences:
 Processor manufacturers would focus on products that better support multithreading (such as multi-core processors), and
 Software developers would be forced to develop massively multithreaded programs as a way to better use such processors.
The article is seen as highly influential in subsequent system design.

Bibliography
 Exceptional C++ (Addison-Wesley, 2000, )
 More Exceptional C++ (Addison-Wesley, 2002, )
 Exceptional C++ Style (Addison-Wesley, 2005, )
 C++ Coding Standards (together with Andrei Alexandrescu, Addison-Wesley, 2005, )

References

External links
 
 

Living people
Canadian computer programmers
People in information technology
Microsoft employees
C++ people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Naval Aviation Ordnance Test Station. The Naval Aviation Ordnance Test Station (NAOTS) was a United States Navy base located at , near Chincoteague, VA, that was used as a suborbital launch site. In 1955, research rockets of the Rockair type were launched from F2H-2 planes based there. An altitude of 54,864 m (180,000 ft) was reached with a 70mm (2.75-in.) folded-fin aerial rocket (FFAR) of Korean vintage. In spite of successful tests, the rockair concept never achieved the popularity of the rockoon. Apparently no important scientific rocket research was carried out with rockaires, in contrast to the hundreds of rockoons fired during the 1950s.

In 1959, NASA acquired NAOTS and parts of the station were incorporated into the Wallops Island facility, later named Wallops Flight Facility.

References

External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20041212162505/http://www.astronautix.com/sites/naots.htm

Accomack County, Virginia
United States Navy installations
Laser guidance. Laser guidance directs a robotics system to a target position by means of a laser beam. The laser guidance of a robot is accomplished by projecting a laser light, image processing and communication to improve the accuracy of guidance. The key idea is to show goal positions to the robot by laser light projection instead of communicating them numerically. This intuitive interface simplifies directing the robot while the visual feedback improves the positioning accuracy and allows for implicit localization. The guidance system may serve also as a mediator for cooperative multiple robots.
Examples of proof-of-concept experiments of directing a robot by a laser pointer are shown on video.
Laser guidance spans areas of robotics, computer vision, user interface, video games, communication and smart home technologies.

Commercial systems 

Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. may have been using this technology in robotic vacuum cleaners since 2014.  

Google Inc. applied for a patent with USPTO on using visual light or laser beam between devices to represent connections and interactions between them (Appl. No. 13/659,493, Pub. No. 2014/0363168).
However, no patent was granted to Google on this application.

Military use 

Laser guidance is used by military to guide a missile or other projectile or vehicle to a target by means of a laser beam, either beam riding guidance or semi-active laser homing (SALH). With this technique, a laser is kept pointed at the target and the laser radiation bounces off the target and is scattered in all directions (this is known as "painting the target", or "laser painting"). The missile, bomb, etc. is launched or dropped somewhere near the target. When it is close enough for some of the reflected laser energy from the target to reach it, a laser seeker detects which direction this energy is coming from and adjusts the projectile trajectory towards the source. While the projectile is in the general area and the laser is kept aimed at the target, the projectile should be guided accurately to the target. Countermeasures to laser guidance are laser detection systems, smoke screen, and anti-laser active protection systems.

See also
 Guidance system
 Laser rangefinder
 List of laser articles
 List of laser applications
 Semi-active radar homing

References 

Robot navigation
Missile guidance
Laser applications
Flameout. In aviation, a flameout (or flame-out) is the run-down of a jet engine or other turbine engine due to the extinguishment of the flame in its combustor. The loss of flame can have a variety of causes, such as fuel starvation, excessive altitude, compressor stall, foreign object damage deriving from birds, hail, or volcanic ash, severe precipitation, mechanical failure, or very low ambient temperatures.

Engine control
Early jet engines were prone to flameout following disturbances of inlet airflow, or sudden or inappropriate thrust lever movements, which resulted in incorrect air-fuel ratios in the combustion chamber. Modern engines are much more robust in this respect, and are often digitally controlled, which allows for significantly more effective control of all engine parameters to prevent flameouts and even initiate an automatic restart if a flameout occurs.

Flameouts occur most frequently at intermediate or low power settings such as in cruise and descent. To prevent a flameout when atmospheric or operational conditions are conducive to it, engine control systems usually provide a continuous ignition function. Ignitors are normally used only at engine start, until the flame in the combustion chamber becomes self-sustaining. With continuous ignition, instead, the ignitors are continually sparked every second or less, so that if a flameout occurs, combustion can immediately be restored.

Engine restart
Following a flameout, jet engines can normally be restarted in flight, provided the aircraft is flying within the portion of its flight envelope defined as the engine relight envelope. Depending on where in the relight envelope the restart is attempted (that is depending on the aircraft's airspeed and altitude), the procedure may simply rely on the airflow (windmill restart) or require the use of the starter (starter-assisted restart) in order for the compressor to achieve sufficient rotational speed for successful ignition.

For example, the Airbus A320 passenger jet has a maximum ceiling of over , but its certified engine relight envelope only extends to . Up to that altitude, a windmill restart can be attempted at airspeeds greater than ; below that speed, a starter-assisted relight is required.

Core lock can make restart impossible.

See also
Index of aviation articles

References

Aviation risks
Jet engines
Picture line-up generation equipment. For televisions the picture line-up generation equipment (PLUGE or pluge) is a greyscale test pattern used in order to adjust the black level and contrast of the picture monitor. Various PLUGE patterns can be generated, the most common consisting of three vertical bars of super-black, normal black, and near-black and two rectangles of mid-gray and white (sometimes these are measured in IRE). These three PLUGE pulses are included in the SMPTE color bars (at the bottom and near the right) used for NTSC, PAL, and SÉCAM.

External links 
 

Television technology
Concordancer. A concordancer is a computer program that automatically constructs a concordance. The output of a concordancer may serve as input to a translation memory system for computer-assisted translation, or as an early step in machine translation.

Concordancers are also used in corpus linguistics to retrieve alphabetically or otherwise sorted lists of linguistic data from the corpus in question, which the corpus linguist then analyzes.

A number of concordancers have been published,
notably 
Oxford Concordance Program (OCP), a concordancer first released in 1981 by Oxford University Computing Services, which claims to be used in over 200 organisations worldwide.

See also 
 COCOA (digital humanities)
 Cross-reference
 Ctags
 KWIC
 Language industry
 Statistically improbable phrase

References

 Concordancer
Corpus linguistics
Machine translation
Metallizing. Metallizing is the general name for the technique of coating metal on the surface of objects. Metallic coatings may be decorative, protective or functional.

Techniques for metallization started as early as mirror making. In 1835, Justus von Liebig discovered the process of coating a glass surface with metallic silver, making the glass mirror one of the earliest items being metallized. Plating other non-metallic objects grew rapidly with introduction of ABS plastic. Because a non-metallic object tends to be a poor electrical conductor, the object's surface must be made conductive before plating can be performed. The plastic part is first etched chemically by a suitable process, such as dipping in a hot chromic acid-sulfuric acid mixture. The etched surface is sensitised and activated by first dipping in tin(II) chloride solution, then palladium chloride solution. The processed surface is then coated with electroless copper or nickel before further plating. This process gives useful (about 1 to 6 kgf/cm or 10 to 60 N/cm or 5 to 35 lbf/in) adhesion force, but is much weaker than actual metal-to-metal adhesion strength.

Vacuum metallizing involves heating the coating metal to its boiling point in a vacuum chamber, then letting condensation deposit the metal on the substrate's surface. Resistance heating, electron beam, or plasma heating is used to vaporize the coating metal. Vacuum metallizing was used to deposit aluminum on the large glass mirrors of reflecting telescopes, such as with the Hale Telescope.

Thermal spray processes are often referred to as metallizing. Metals applied in such a manner provide corrosion protection to steel for decades longer than paint alone. Zinc and aluminum are the most commonly used materials for metallizing steel structures.

Cold sprayable metal technology is a metallizing process that seamlessly applies cold sprayable or putty able metal to almost any surface. The composite metal consists of two (water-based binder) or three different ingredients: metal powder, binder and hardener.

The mixture of the ingredients is cast or sprayed on the substrate at room temperature. The desired effect and the necessary final treatment define the thickness of the layer, which normally varies between 80 and 150 μm.

See also
 List of telescope parts and construction
 Thin film deposition 
 Electroplating
 Sputtering
 Chemical vapor deposition
 Electroless deposition

References

 
 

Industrial processes
Coatings