omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Swedish Aerosport Mosquito. The Swedish Aerosport Mosquito is a Swedish powered hang glider harness designed and produced by Swedish Aerosport and introduced in 1995.

Design and development
The Mosquito was the power package that started renewed interest in the powered self-launching hang glider concept when it was introduced in 1995. The power package can be mated with a large number of modern hang glider wings. Ready to fly the complete aircraft features a cable-braced hang glider-style high-wing, weight-shift control set up, single-place accommodation, foot-launching and landing and a single engine in pusher configuration.

The aircraft uses a standard hang glider wing, made from bolted-together aluminum tubing, with its wing covered in Dacron sailcloth. The wing is supported by a single tube-type kingpost and uses an "A" frame control bar. The engine is a lightweight, two-stroke, single cylinder Radne Raket 120 of  that produces power though a 3.5:1 belt reduction drive, with an extension shaft. Folding legs carry a large percentage of the unit's weights and protect the propeller during ground operations. The Mosquito is purchased as a complete harness assembly.

The original Mosquito design was updated in 2001 as the Mosquito NRG, which remained in production until 2022. The NRG incorporates a flat back plate, front opening, propeller brake, integrated controls and electric starting.

Wings that are approved for the Mosquito include the A-I-R Atos rigid wing the Icaro Piuma and the Aeros Discus M.

Specifications (Mosquito)

Image gallery

References

External links

1990s Swedish ultralight aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Powered hang gliders
Pipe drift. Pipe drift is a measure of the roundness or eccentricity of the inside wall of a pipe.  "API drift" refers to primary specifications set forth in API Specification 5CT (ISO 11960), "Specification for Casing and Tubing".  "Alternate drift" refers to alternate drift specifications listed in API 5CT.  "Special drift" refers to industry drift specifications other than those found in API 5CT.

Drifting means measuring a pipe's inner roundness.  Drifting is typically performed by passing a cylindrical mandrel through the length of the pipe to detect occlusions.  It occurs both at the pipe mill and in the field.  Drifting is performed to ensure that tools, pumps, smaller pipe, and other items can be passed through the pipe.

Pigging
Piping
Oilfield terminology
Oil industry standards
A-I-R Atos. The A-I-R Atos is a German high-wing, single-place, rigid wing hang glider designed by Felix Ruehle and produced by A-I-R GmbH of Halblech.

Design and development
The Atos was originally designed as a competition rigid wing hang glider in 1998, with production commencing the following year. Since then the design has undergone almost continuous refinement and a succession of model numbers. It remained in production in 2012.

The aircraft structure is made from carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer. The wing uses minimal cable bracing and incorporates both flaps and spoilers for roll control. The aspect ratio for most models is in the range of 11:1 or 12:1. Achieved glide ratios run as high as 20:1. Later models incorporate a horizontal tailplane for improved stability.

The Atos gliders are designed for folding for ground transportation. The largest model, the Atos VX, for example, can be folded into 5.80 x 0.48 x 0.20m (19.0 x 1.57 x 0.66 feet) in 18 minutes and weighs .

Later model Atos are compatible with the Swedish Aerosport Mosquito power pack.

The wing was also later developed into an ultralight trike, the Ultralight Design Atos Trike. It can also be fitted to the Veleria Dedalo Strike-T trike.

Operational history
The Atos series have been flown in the rigid wing class in World Hang Gliding Championships since 1999 and have won titles on many occasions.

Variants
Atos C 135
Model c. 2003 with a wingspan of , wing area of  and aspect ratio of 11.3:1. DHV certification.
Atos C 160
Model c. 2003 with a wingspan of , wing area of  and aspect ratio of 12.1:1. DHV certification.
Atos C Classique 135
Model c. 2003 with a wingspan of , wing area of  and aspect ratio of 11.3:1. DHV certification.
Atos C Classique 160
Model c. 2003 with a wingspan of , wing area of  and aspect ratio of 12.1:1. DHV certification.
Atos C+ 135
Model c. 2003 with a wingspan of , wing area of  and aspect ratio of 11.3:1. DHV certification.
Atos C+ 160
Model c. 2003 with a wingspan of , wing area of  and aspect ratio of 12.1:1. DHV certification.
Atos VS
Model c. 2012 with a wingspan of , wing area of , aspect ratio of 11.8:1 and glide ratio of 19:1. DHV certification.
Atos V
Model c. 2012 with a wingspan of , wing area of , aspect ratio of 12.1:1 and glide ratio of 19:1. DHV certification.
Atos VQ
Model c. 2012 with a wingspan of , wing area of  and aspect ratio of 13.5:1. DHV certification.
Atos VR/VR10
Model c. 2012 with a wingspan of , wing area of  and aspect ratio of 13.3:1. DHV certification.
Atos VX
Model c. 2012 with a wingspan of , wing area of , aspect ratio of 12.6:1 and glide ratio of 20:1. The VX is certified under DHV for two-place operations.

Specifications (Atos VX)

References

External links

Hang gliders
Henry R. Linden. Henry R. Linden (February 21, 1922 – September 13, 2009) was an American chemist with a focus on energy research, president of the Institute of Gas Technology, founding president of the Gas Research Institute, and president of the Illinois Institute of Technology.
Linden was elected to the National Academy of Engineering "for contributions to methods of fuel conversion and energy utilization".
He was also a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and a fellow of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers.
The Chicago Sun-Times called Linden "world-renowned authority in energy research".
The Illinois Institute of Technology called him "an icon at Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT) and global authority in energy research".

References 

1922 births
2009 deaths
20th-century American chemists
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Presidents of Illinois Institute of Technology
Fellows of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers
20th-century American academics
USS Samar (ARG-11). USS Samar (ARG-11) was a Luzon class internal combustion engine repair ship that saw service in the United States Navy during the final days of World War II, and in the post-war period. Named for the Samar Island in the Philippines, it was the second U.S. Naval vessel to bear the name.

Construction and final days of World War II
Samar was laid down on 21 September 1944 by Bethlehem-Fairfield, Sparrow's Point, MD, under a Maritime Commission contract (MC hull 2683); launched on 19 October 1944, sponsored by Mrs. Elsie M. Alexander, delivered to the Navy on 31 October 1944, converted to an internal combustion engine repair ship (ARG) by the Bethlehem Steel Co., Key Highway Plant, Baltimore, MD and commissioned on 5 June 1945.

Following shakedown, Samar sailed for the Panama Canal Zone, arriving at Coco Solo on 28 July. She transited the canal on the 29th and, while en route to Hawaii, received word of the Surrender of Japan. At Pearl Harbor on 16 August, the crew serviced ship for four days while awaiting orders. Underway 21 August, the repair ship sailed to Okinawa via Eniwetok and Saipan, arriving in Hagushi Bay on 22 September. Reporting for duty to Commander Service Division 101 and Task Unit (TU) 70.2.3, she proceeded to China six days later, stood up the Yangtze River on the 28th and moored to buoys in the Hwangpu River off Shanghai on 1 October. Within hours of her arrival, she had six small craft alongside for engine repairs. Samar remained at Shanghai for five months, racing against time as demobilization of sailors stripped her crew of trained repair technicians. At one point, 26 ships and boats were simultaneously assigned to Samar for repairs.

Fate
Assigned to Task Unit 70.2.2 (the North China Service Unit), Samar continued the grinding work of repair services on the China station until 5 May, when the repair ship got underway to return to the United States. Arriving at San Pedro on 27 May Samar later shifted to San Diego and decommissioned there on 24 July 1947. Berthed with the Pacific Reserve Fleet, she remained there until struck from the Navy list and officially transferred to the Maritime Administration's National Defense Reserve Fleet at Suisun Bay, CA, on 1 September 1962.  Samar remained laid up in the Suisun Bay Reserve Fleet until her sale and delivery to Zidell Explorations Corporation for scrapping on 25 January 1974.

References

 

Ships built in Baltimore
1944 ships
World War II auxiliary ships of the United States
Luzon-class repair ships
A. Louis London. Alexander Louis London (August 31, 1913 – March 19, 2008) was an American mechanical engineer and professor of mechanical engineering at Stanford University.

London was elected to the National Academy of Engineering "for contributions to the theory and applications of compact heat exchangers, especially in the gas turbine field".
The National Academy of Engineering called London "one of the world's best known experts in heat transfer equipment design, performance and analysis."
The Stanford University called him "engineering expert on heat transfer".
London received the R. Tom Sawyer Award by the Gas Turbine Division of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, The James Harry Potter Gold Medal, and the Max Jakob Memorial Award.

References 

American mechanical engineers
Stanford University School of Engineering faculty
1913 births
2008 deaths
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
20th-century American engineers
Fred E. Luborsky. Dr. Fred E. Luborsky (1923–2010) was an American physical chemist noted for his contributions to the field of permanent magnetism and amorphous metals.

Luborsky held 21 patents.
Luborsky was a fellow in the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,
a fellow of the American Institute of Chemists and a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
He was also president of the IEEE's Magnetic Society.
He was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1985.
Luborsky received Centennial Medal of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
The Chicago Tribune called Luborsky "an internationally known authority on permanent magnets and amorphous metals".

Life and career 
 1947: Bachelor in chemistry, University of Pennsylvania
 1951: doctorate, physical chemistry, the Illinois Institute of Technology

References 

1923 births
2010 deaths
American physical chemists
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Fellows of the IEEE
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
IEEE Centennial Medal laureates
Brian H. Rowe. Brian H. Rowe (1931 – February 22, 2007) was a British-born American engineer, chief executive officer of General Electric Aviation, a member of the National Academy of Engineering, a fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society and a fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
Rowe was also noted for his contributions to the development of the world’s most powerful engine, which is used on Boeing 777.
The National Academy of Engineering said Rowe was "a man who helped define aviation in the 20th century".
General Electric called him "a towering figure in GE Aviation history and a world-renowned jet engine pioneer".

References 

1931 births
2007 deaths
American aerospace engineers
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Fellows of the Royal Aeronautical Society
Fellows of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
20th-century American engineers
List of flexible-winged aircraft. This is a list of all flexible-winged aircraft, or aircraft which do not use rigid lifting surfaces (all of them hang gliders except the Antonov).

 Swedish Aerosport Mosquito
 Flylight Doodle Bug
 Pegasus Booster
 Antonov T-2M Maverick
 A-I-R Atos
 A-I-R Atos C 135
 A-I-R Atos C 160
 A-I-R Atos C Classique 135
 A-I-R Atos C Classique 160
 A-I-R Atos C+ 135
 A-I-R Atos C+ 160
 A-I-R Atos VS
 A-I-R Atos V
 A-I-R Atos V
 A-I-R Atos VQ
 A-I-R Atos VR/VR10
 A-I-R Atos VX

Finsterwalder

(Finsterwalder GmbH, Munich, Germany)
Finsterwalder Airfex
Finsterwalder Bergfex
Finsterwalder Funfex
Finsterwalder Jetfex
Finsterwalder Lightfex
Finsterwalder Minifex
Finsterwalder Perfex
Finsterwalder Skyfex
Finsterwalder Speedfex
Finsterwalder Superfex
Finsterwalder Topfex
Finsterwalder Windfex

Flexible-winged
Volume solid. Volume solid is the volume of paint after it has dried.

Paint
This is different than the weight solid. Paint may contain solvent, resin, pigments, and additives. Many paints do not contain any solvent. After applying the paint, the solid portion will be left on the substrate. Volume solid is the term that indicates the solid proportion of the paint on a volume basis. For example, if the paint is applied in a wet film at a 100 μm thickness and the volume solid of paint is 50%, then the dry film thickness (DFT) will be 50 μm as 50% of the wet paint has evaporated. Suppose the volume solid is 100%, and the wet film thickness is also 100 μm. Then after complete drying of the paint, the DFT will be 100 μm because no solvent will be evaporated.

This is an important concept when using paint industrially to calculate the cost of painting. It can be said that it is the real volume of paint.

Here is the formula by which one can calculate the volume solid of paint,

(Total sum by volume of each solid ingredient in paint x 100%)/ Total sum by volume of each ingredient in paint.

A simple method that anyone can do to determine volume solids empirically is to apply paint to a steel surface with an application knife and measure the wet film thickness. Then cure the paint and measure the dry film thickness. The percentage of dry to wet represents the percentage of volume solids.

In earlier days, the volume solid was measured by a disc method but now a sophisticated instrument is also available which takes only a drop of paint to check the volume solid.

Understanding volume solids allows knowing the true cost of different coatings and how much paint is used to perform its function. Generally, more expensive paints have a higher volume of solids and provide better coverage.

References 

Painting
Materials science
Murrum Silli Dam. The  Murrum Silli Dam or Babu Chhotelal Shrivastav Dam, also spelled Madam Silli and Mordem Silli, is an earth-fill embankment dam on the Sillari River, a tributary of the Mahanadi in central eastern India. It was built under the supervision of British Raj governor Madam Silli for whom it was originally named. It is located in Dhamtari District of Chhattisgarh. Built between 1914 and 1923, it is the first dam in Asia to have siphon spillways. Madamsilli is about 95 km from Raipur. It is one of the most prominent architectural marvels in Chhattisgarh. Its primary purpose is irrigation.

On 3 June 1929 R.S. Rajendranath Sur (government civil engineer, Central province) was awarded by George V the title of "Rai Saheb" for his exemplary works on Murrum Silli Dam.

References

Dams in Chhattisgarh
Earth-filled dams
Dhamtari district
Dams completed in 1923
1923 establishments in India
20th-century architecture in India
Joseph Kincaid. Joseph Kincaid MICE (12 November 1834 in Dublin – 20 August 1907 in London) was an engineer responsible for the construction of a significant number of tramways in Great Britain.

Background
Kincaid's father was an early pioneer of railways, as a promoter of the Dublin and Kingstown Railway, and the Midland Great Western Railway. On account of delicate health, Joseph’s early tuition was private, but he entered Trinity College, Dublin, in 1852, graduating in Arts in 1857, and subsequently obtaining a Master's degree.

Career

On leaving college he obtained practical experience as assistant engineer on the Kingstown harbour works; in the construction of the harbour at Mullaghmore, County Sligo, as Engineer-in-charge.

From 1860 to 1863, he served under Sir John Fowler, 1st Baronet and Charles Blacker Vignoles, and was engaged at home and in Spain on the construction of the Tudela and Bilbao Railway and other undertakings. He also carried out the lighting of Bilbao and Logroño with oil-gas.

His name is identified with the introduction and development of tramways in Great Britain and Ireland; his first was a horse-tramway from Dublin to Black Rock. These early tramways were constructed with a shallow rail spiked to longitudinal wood sleepers, but Kincaid recognized the defects of this and introduced a metallic system, which became known by his name, consisting of channel  shaped rails fixed on cast-iron chairs embedded in concrete. This system was used for a number of years until displaced by the girder type of tramway rail.

Kincaid was amongst the first to introduce mechanical propulsion on tramways; steam-locomotives, cable-traction, and then electric traction. He was responsible for the first cable-tramway constructed in England, the Highgate Hill Cable Tramway.

In 1892 he associated with himself as partners, Mr. J. E. Waller and Edward Manville, and subsequently Philip Dawson joined the firm, which practised as Kincaid, Waller, Manville and Dawson. 
 
He was elected an Associate of The Institution of Civil Engineers on 5 April 1870 and was transferred to the class of Members on 25 March 1879.

References

Engineers from Dublin (city)
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
1834 births
1907 deaths
Railway civil engineers
Pescarolo 03. The Pescarolo 03 is a sports prototype racing car built and designed by French team Pescarolo Team. It is designed to meet the LMP1 regulations of 2012, and act as a successor to the Pescarolo 01, with the design including a Mandatory Shark-Fin, along with air extractor holes located in the wheel arches. The car was built around the carbon tub of the abandoned Aston Martin AMR-One LMP1 design, which had competed in the 2011 24 Hours of Le Mans. The car made its debut at the 2012 24 Hours of Le Mans.

Development 
It was announced on ahead of the 2012 FIA World Endurance Championship, that Henri Pescarolo had acquired 2 new Aston Martin AMR-One chassis, with the intent of using the car's carbon fibre tub as the basis of his new design, the Pescarolo 03. The car would replace the aging Pescarolo 01 chassis which was nearly 5 years old. It was later announced that the car would be a joint collaboration between Luxury Racing and Pescarolo Team. The car had been set to debut at the 2012 6 Hours of Spa-Francorchamps, but was delayed due to financial problems, with the planned alliance between Pescarolo Team and Luxury Racing falling apart, leading to sports car collector Roald Goethe supporting the project financially. When the car made its debut at the 2012 24 Hours of Le Mans, the car was shown to have a number of similarities with the AMR-One, with a largely similar engine installation, while a number of control electronics were carried over, such as the steering wheel and the driver control panel.

References List 

Le Mans Prototypes
Aeros Combat. The Aeros Combat is a family of Ukrainian high-wing, single-place, hang gliders, designed and produced by Aeros of Kyiv and introduced in 2000.

Design and development
The Combat series was conceived as a single-place competition hang glider and as such has gone through successive updates to keep it competitive.

Typical of the line, the Combat 2 13 model is made from aluminium tubing, with the wing covered in Dacron sailcloth. Its  span wing is cable braced, but without a kingpost and upper rigging. The nose angle is 131° and the aspect ratio is 7.95:1.

The wing is also used on the Aeros ANT nanotrike, as well as the Flylight Libelle and Flylight Motorfloater, British ultralight trikes, in its Combat T configuration.

Operational history
In 2005 Oleg Bodnarchuk was the Hang Gliding World Champion, flying a Combat L.

Variants
Combat
Initial model introduced in 2000.
Combat 2 13
Improved model introduced in 2001, with wing span of , area of  and aspect ratio of 7.95:1, with a pilot hook-in weight range of .
Combat 2 14
Model with wing span of , area of  and aspect ratio of 8.05:1, with a pilot hook-in weight range of . German DHV 3 certified.
Combat 2 15
Model with wing span of , area of  and aspect ratio of 7.85:1, with a pilot hook-in weight range of .
Combat L
Improved model introduced in 2003, with lower weight and higher performance.
Combat L 2006
Improved model introduced in 2006, with higher performance.
Combat L 12
Improved model introduced in 2006 for lighter pilots, with higher performance.
Combat L 07 12
Improved model introduced in 2007 with an oval crossbeam, stiffer sprogs and sail design, smaller wing area.
Combat L 07 13
Improved model introduced in 2007 with an oval crossbeam, stiffer sprogs and sail design, mid wing area.
Combat L 07 14
Improved model introduced in 2007 with an oval crossbeam, stiffer sprogs and sail design, larger wing area.
Combat 09 13
Re-designed glider with new sail shape, batten profiles, stiffer leading edge and a stiffer and lighter keel. Wing area of 
Combat 09 13.2
Re-designed glider with new sail shape, batten profiles, stiffer leading edge and a stiffer and lighter keel. Wing area of 
Combat 09 13.5 GT
Version of the Combat 09 with greater aspect ratio of 8.5:1. Wing span of  and wing area of  and a horizontal tailplane mounted to the keel.

Specifications (Combat 2 15)

References

External links

Hang gliders
Combat
Aeros Discus. The Aeros Discus is a family of Ukrainian high-wing, single-place, hang gliders, designed and produced by Aeros of Kyiv and introduced in 2002.

Design and development
The Discus series was conceived as a single-place intermediate hang glider for recreational cross country flying.

Aeros explains the design role:

Typical of the line, the Discus 148 model is made from aluminium tubing, with the wing covered in Dacron sailcloth. Its  span wing is cable braced with a kingpost. The nose angle is 128° and the aspect ratio is 7.3:1.

The wing is also used on the Aeros ANT and the British Flylight Dragonfly, Flylight Motorfloater and Flylight E-Dragon ultralight trikes in its Discus T configuration.

Variants
Discus
Original model introduced as an intermediate glider in 2002.
Discus 148
Version sold circa 2003.
Discus A
Version sold in 2012, with  length when packed for ground transportation.
Discus B
Version sold in 2012, with  length when packed for ground transportation.
Discus C
Introduced in 2006, this model offers higher performance. It features a Matrix (Bainbridge) sail and Wills Wing Litestream down tubes, Wills Wing basebar with streamlined fittings and a Wills Wing Slipstream kingpost.
Discus M
Version with modified keel for use with Swedish Aerosport Mosquito and other power packages.
Discus 15T
Version of the basic Discus wing, reinforced and with a modified control bar, for use on small ultralight trikes.

Specifications (Discus 148)

References

External links

Hang gliders
Discus