omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Thiagarajar College of Engineering. Thiagarajar College of Engineering (TCE) is a Government-aided institution located in Thiruparankundram, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India. It is affiliated to Anna University, Madurai.

History
Thiagarajar College of Engineering is one of several educational institutions founded by the late philanthropist and industrialist Karumuttu Thiagarajan Chettiar. TCE was established in 1957 under the University of Madras. The courses offered in TCE are approved by the All India Council for Technical Education, New Delhi. TCE was granted autonomy in the year 1987.

Location

The institution and hostels are located near Thirupparankundram on the outskirts of Madurai, 8 kilometres south-west of the city of Madurai.

The campus is located 10 km from the Madurai Airport, 8 km from the Madurai Railway station and 2 km from Thirupparankundram railway station and is well connected by buses with all parts of state.

Academic programs

TCE offers 9 undergraduate, 9 postgraduate programs and research programs (MS and PhD) in all Engineering and Science streams.

Ranking

TCE was ranked 101-150 among engineering colleges in India by the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) in 2024.

Notable alumni

 Padma Bhushan A. Sivathanu Pillai, Honorary Distinguished Professor at ISRO
 Padma Shri Nagarajan Vedachalam, Scientist
 Padma Shri Vasudevan Gnana Gandhi, Scientist
 Karthik Subbaraj, Kollywood director
 Padma Bhushan Nambi Narayanan, Scientist. The Indian film Rocketry: The Nambi Effect was based on his life.

References

External links
 

All India Council for Technical Education
Engineering colleges in Tamil Nadu
Engineering colleges in Madurai
Colleges affiliated to Anna University
Colleges in Madurai
Universities and colleges in Madurai
Science and technology in Madurai
Universities and colleges established in 1957
1957 establishments in Madras State
Academic institutions formerly affiliated with the University of Madras
Peugeot 907. The Peugeot 907 was a concept car built by Peugeot. Unveiled at the 2004 Paris Motor Show, the car was created by styling chief Gérard Welter and designer Jean Christophe Bolle Reddat to celebrate the closure of the firm’s 40-year-old design centre at La Garenne and the opening of the new centre at Vélizy. 

It was one of three concepts cars unveiled by Peugeot at the show, alongside the Quark and 1007 RC. Fleet News described this concept as “Peugeot’s answer to Ferrari’s Maranello” prior to the car's reveal. The car was never designed to go into production, but was intended to be a prototype featuring the new design techniques by Peugeot. 

The engine is mounted just behind the front wheels, and side exhausts exit behind each of the front wheels. Unlike many concepts, the 907 can be driven like any production car. Under the bonnet, two 3.0-litre V6 engines are combined to form a 500BHP V12. 

The monocoque body is made of carbon fiber and the car uses a double-wishbone suspension all round, while the sequential-shift transmission distributes power to the rear wheels. The arcing windscreen continues upwards to form the roof, while the bonnet has a see-through perspex insert that reveals the engine’s 12 intake trumpets.

Specifications

 Engine: 6.0-litre, PSA V12 (based on the ES9 from the Peugeot 607)
 Transmission: six-speed transaxle rear-mounted automated manual
 Drivetrain: front mid-engine, rear-wheel drive
 Estimated top speed: 360 km/h (222 mph)
 0–60: 3.7 seconds (estimated)

References

907
ESCON. ESCON (Enterprise Systems Connection) is a data connection created by IBM, and is commonly used to connect their mainframe computers to peripheral devices such as disk storage, tape drives and IBM 3270 display controllers.  ESCON is an optical fiber, half-duplex, serial interface.  It originally operated at a rate of 10MB/s, which was later increased to 17MB/s.  The current maximum distance is 43 kilometers.

IBM introduced ESCON in September 1990 as part of its System/390 announcement.  It replaced the older, slower (4.5MB/s), copper-based, parallel, IBM System/360 Bus and Tag channels technology of 1960-1990 era mainframes.  Optical fiber is smaller in diameter and weight, and hence could save installation costs.  Space and labor could also be reduced when fewer physical links were required - due to ESCON's switching features.  ESCON is being supplanted by the substantially faster FICON, which runs over Fibre Channel.

ESCON allows the establishment and reconfiguration of channel connections dynamically, without having to take equipment off-line and manually move the cables.  ESCON supports channel connections using serial transmission over a pair of fibers.  The ESCON Director supports dynamic switching (which could be achieved prior to ESCON, but not with IBM-only products).  It also allows the distance between units to be extended up to 60 km over a dedicated fiber. "Permanent virtual circuits" are supported through the switch.

ESCON switching has advantages over a collection of point-to-point links.  A peripheral previously capable of accessing a single mainframe can now be connected simultaneously to up to eight mainframes, providing peripheral sharing.

The ESCON interface specifications were adopted in 1996 by ANSI X3T1 committee as the SBCON standard, which is now managed by X3T11.

See also
 Direct access storage device (DASD)
 Most important DASD (disk arrays) with ESCON interfaces:
 EMC Symmetrix, DMX and VMAX families.
 Hewlett Packard Enterprise XP Storage family.
 Hitachi Data Systems Lightning
 IBM Enterprise Storage Server (Shark)
 IBM Storage DS8000
 Sun StorageTek SVA

References

Computer storage devices
Fiber-optic connectors
Mainframe computers
IBM System/360 mainframe line
Inverse parser. An inverse parser, as its name suggests, is a parser that works in reverse. Rather than the user typing into the computer, the computer presents a list of words fitting the context, and excludes words that would be unreasonable. This ensures the user knows all of their options. The concept and an implementation were originally developed and patented by Texas Instruments. A few years later, it was independently developed by Chris Crawford, a game designer, for his game, Trust & Betrayal: The Legacy of Siboot, but the implementation was different enough not to infringe on the patent.

See also
 Parser generator

External links
 How to Build an Inverse Parser, an essay by Chris Crawford originally published in the Journal of Computer Game Design

Parsing
Polygone. The Multinational Aircrew Electronic Warfare Tactics Facility Polygone, known more briefly as Polygone, is an electronic warfare tactics range located on the border between Germany and France. It is a tri-national facility operated by France, Germany, and the United States.

Purpose 
The range, also referred to as the Multi-national Aircrew Electronic Warfare Tactics Facility (MAEWTF), is jointly operated by personnel from the United States, German, and French air forces.

Training areas 

The particular sites of the range are coordinated by CCC systems provided by Computer Application Services (www.casltd.co.uk) - SPICCCS at RAF Spadeadam & EPICCCS at Polygone.  These systems additionally provide debrief products for aircrew.

Training sites are in:
 Bann Alpha (Germany)
 Bann Bravo; with the Polygone Coordination Center (PCC), responsible for the co-ordination oft the missions 
 Pirmasens-Grünbühl (Germany)
 Zweibrücken-Oberauerbach (Germany)
 Grostenquin (France) 
 Chenevières (France) 
 Épinal (France)

Civil-military ATM co-ordination 
In order to provide civil / military air traffic management co-ordination the EUROCONTROL software tools ADMAR and ADMAR 2000 have been used. These products were replaced by CIMACT in 2005.

References 

Military installations of France
Military installations of the United States
Training establishments of the German Air Force
School of Engineering of Juiz de Fora. The School of Engineering of Juiz de Fora () was an engineering college in the city of Juiz de Fora, Brazil. It is now the engineering faculty of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF). The former president of Brazil Itamar Franco was an alumnus.

It was set up in 1914 in the city of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais state, Brazil, and taught a five-year course of Civil and Eletrotechnic Engineering. In 1960, the school joined the Medicine, Pharmacy and Law schools of that city to found the UFJF.

Nowadays, the Faculty of Engineering provides courses in civil, production, electrical (divided into telecommunication, energy, power, electronic, robotic and automation systems), mechanical, computer, sanitary and environmental engineering, and architecture.

External links
UFJF web site

Engineering universities and colleges in Brazil
Universities and colleges established in 1914
1914 establishments in Brazil
Maritime emergency. A maritime emergency refers to any critical situation at sea where a vessel or its crew faces immediate distress, such as mechanical failure, fire, severe weather, medical emergencies, or collisions. These emergencies can trigger rescue operations involving specialized maritime safety measures and coordination between various maritime organizations.

Modern maritime emergency response include rapid alert systems like the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System GMDSS, which enables vessels to send distress signals and receive assistance. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue (SAR) Convention set the framework for coordinated rescue operations, ensuring that distress situations are managed efficiently and that vessels provide assistance to those in need.

See also
 Coast guard
 Emergency Position-Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB)
 Flare gun
 Global Maritime Distress Safety System
 Lifeboat
 Mayday

References

Rescue
Water transport
Kovar. Kovar (trademark of CRS Holdings, inc., Delaware) is a nickel–cobalt ferrous alloy compositionally identical to Fernico 1, designed to have substantially the same thermal expansion characteristics as borosilicate glass (~5 × 10−6 /K between 30 and 200 °C, to ~10 × 10−6 /K at 800 °C) to allow a tight mechanical joint between the two materials over a range of temperatures. It finds application in glass-to-metal seals in scientific apparatus, and conductors entering glass envelopes of electronic parts such as vacuum tubes (valves), X-ray and microwave tubes and some lightbulbs.  

Kovar was invented to meet the need for a reliable glass-to-metal seal, which is required in electronic devices such as light bulbs, vacuum tubes, cathode-ray tubes, and in vacuum systems in chemistry and other scientific research.  Most metals cannot seal to glass because their coefficient of thermal expansion is not the same as glass; as the joint cools after fabrication the stresses due to the different expansion rates of the glass and metal cause the joint to crack. 

Kovar not only has thermal expansion similar to glass, but its nonlinear thermal expansion curve can often be made to match a glass, thus allowing the joint to tolerate a wide temperature range.   Chemically, it bonds to glass via the intermediate oxide layer of nickel(II) oxide and cobalt(II) oxide. The proportion of iron oxide is low due to its reduction with cobalt. The bond strength is highly dependent on the oxide layer thickness and character.[4][6] The presence of cobalt makes the oxide layer easier to melt and dissolve in the molten glass. A grey, grey-blue or grey-brown color indicates a good seal. A metallic color indicates lack of oxide, while black color indicates overly oxidized metal, in both cases leading to a weak joint.[2] 

The name Kovar is often used as a general term for Fe–Ni alloys with these particular thermal expansion properties. The related particular Fe–Ni alloy Invar exhibits minimum thermal expansion.

Typical composition 
Given in percentages of weight.

Properties

References

External links
Kovar specification page

Ferrous alloys
Nickel alloys
Closed ecological system. Closed ecological systems or contained ecological systems (CES) are ecosystems that do not rely on matter exchange with any part outside the system.

The term is most often used to describe small, man-made ecosystems. Such systems can potentially serve as a life-support system or space habitats.

In a closed ecological system, any waste products produced by one species must be used by at least one other species. If the purpose is to maintain a life form, such as a mouse or a human, waste products such as carbon dioxide, feces and urine must eventually be converted into oxygen, food, and water.

A closed ecological system must contain at least one autotrophic organism. While both chemotrophic and phototrophic organisms are plausible, almost all closed ecological systems to date are based on an autotroph such as green algae.

Examples 

A closed ecological system for an entire planet is called an ecosphere.

Man-made closed ecological systems which were created to sustain human life include Biosphere 2, MELiSSA, and the BIOS-1, BIOS-2, and BIOS-3 projects.

Bottle gardens and aquarium ecospheres are partially or fully enclosed glass containers that are self-sustaining closed ecosystems that can be made or purchased. They can include tiny shrimp, algae, gravel, decorative shells, and Gorgonia.

In fiction

Closed ecological systems are commonly featured in fiction and particularly in science fiction. These include domed cities, space stations and habitats on foreign planets or asteroids, cylindrical habitats (e.g. O'Neill cylinders), Dyson Spheres and so on.

See also

References

Ecological processes
Systems ecology
Ecosystems
Artificial ecosystems
Open and Free Technology Community. The Open and Free Technology Community (OFTC) is an IRC network that provides collaboration services to members of the free software community in any part of the world. OFTC is an associated project of Software in the Public Interest, a non-profit organization which was founded to help organizations develop and distribute open hardware and software. As of October 2019, OFTC has 31 volunteer staff members, and 16 sponsors.

History 
OFTC was founded at the end of 2001 by a group of experienced members of the open source and free software communities aiming to provide these communities with better communication, development, and support infrastructure. OFTC is ruled by a written constitution and the staff elect the officers among each other using a voting mechanism. OFTC became a member project of Software in the Public Interest (SPI) in July 2002, and SPI became the legal owner of the project's domain names.

The ability for all users to connect using Transport Layer Security was added in April 2016 with the use of SSL certificates from the Let's Encrypt certificate authority.

In 2016, OFTC was bridged to the Matrix instant messaging network.

Projects 
OFTC currently develops three projects for its purposes: "oftc-hybrid" (a fork of the Hybrid IRC daemon), "oftc-ircservices" (the IRC services suite), and "oftc-geodns" (a GeoIP DNS responder to handle user distribution across the servers). OFTC uses GitHub repositories to host its codebase and issue tracker. Prospective users of the software can find tarball releases at https://www.oftc.net/releases/, named according to semantic versioning. Developers contributing to the code base should read and be familiar with Subversion.

References

Further reading

External links 
 
 
 

IRC networks
Free software culture and documents
Tor onion services
USS George Bancroft. USS George Bancroft (SSBN-643), a  (or "640-class") fleet ballistic missile submarine, was the fourth ship of the United States Navy to be named in honor of George Bancroft (1800-1891), United States Secretary of the Navy (1845–1846) and the founder of the United States Naval Academy.

Construction and commissioning

The contract to build George Bancroft was awarded to the Electric Boat Division of General Dynamics Corporation in Groton, Connecticut, on 1 November 1962 and her keel was laid down there on 24 August 1963.  She was launched on 20 March 1965, sponsored by Mrs. Jean B. Langdon, great, great-granddaughter of Secretary Bancroft, and Mrs. Anita C. Irvine, his great, great, great-granddaughter, and commissioned on 22 January 1966, with  Captain Joseph Williams in command of the Blue Crew and Commander Walter M. Douglass in command of the Gold Crew.

Service history
George Bancroft was assigned to Submarine Squadron 14 of Submarine Flotilla 6 with New London, Connecticut, as her home port. Her first deployment began with her departure from New London on her first deterrent patrol on 26 July 1966, manned by the Blue Crew. Soon after she successfully completed the patrol with her arrival at Holy Loch, Scotland, the Gold Crew relieved the Blue Crew. A few weeks later, George Bancroft got underway for her second deterrent patrol, manned by the Gold Crew, which ended toward the close of the year. Early in 1967, George Bancroft began her third deterrent patrol, manned by the Blue Crew.

History needed for 1967-1993.

Decommissioning and disposal

George Bancroft was decommissioned on 21 September 1993 and stricken from the Naval Vessel Register the same day. Her scrapping via the Nuclear-Powered Ship and Submarine Recycling Program at Bremerton, Washington, was completed on 30 March 1998.

Commemoration
George Bancrofts sail is on display at Naval Submarine Base Kings Bay, Georgia.

Notes

References

External links
Map: 

Ships built in Groton, Connecticut
Benjamin Franklin-class submarines
Cold War submarines of the United States
Nuclear submarines of the United States Navy
1965 ships
Softlanding Linux System. Softlanding Linux System (SLS) was one of the first Linux distributions. The first release was by Peter MacDonald in August 1992. Their slogan at the time was "Gentle Touchdowns for DOS Bailouts".

SLS was the first release to offer a comprehensive Linux distribution containing more than the Linux kernel, GNU, and other basic utilities, including an implementation of the X Window System.

History
SLS was the most popular Linux distribution at the time, but it was considered to be rather buggy by its users. It was soon superseded by Slackware (which started as a cleanup of SLS by Patrick Volkerding) and Yggdrasil Linux/GNU/X, among others.

Similarly, Ian Murdock's frustration with SLS led him to create the Debian project.

References

External links
SLS at Princeton University
SLS version 1.02 at GitHub
SLS version 1.03 at ibiblio
https://archiveos.org/sls/

Discontinued Linux distributions
1992 software
Linux distributions
Darby Steam-Digger. The Darby Steam-Digger, a light traction engine, was invented circa 1879 by farmer Thomas Darby and built at Lodge Farm Pleshey, near Chelmsford in Essex, England. Robert Hasler, seen driving the Digger, helped to build this first prototype. In 1900 the company moved to a 6 acre site known as Stileman's Works in Wickford, Essex. In mid-1906 the works and its contents were auctioned under the order of the executors of the late T. Dowsett (who was the first mayor of Southend, and an extremely wealthy man). This sale included 6 traction engines and 21 Darby Land Diggers.

First Version 

In effect the machine was an early tractor designed mainly for ploughing, and could accomplish  an hour (1 m2/s) to a maximum depth of 14 inches (360 mm). This first digger was constructed on pedestrian principles and had six "feet" and really did walk over the fields. Unfortunately it jumped too much to be really successful. The digger was later modified to have wheels in place of the legs. This machine pre-dated the Ivel tractor built by Dan Albone of Biggleswade in 1902 which he started designing in 1896. The Ivel tractor is generally considered to be the first British tractor with an internal combustion engine.

Robert Hasler was born in Pleshey in 1856; he worked as an engineer for Thomas Darby for 26 years, then became the village blacksmith (following his father) until he retired in 1925. At the age of 19 he was badly kicked by a horse, and this necessitated one of his legs being amputated.

Second version 

The second version was known as the Darby Broadside Digger which was a larger machine which had eight legs and wheels and a double boiler having a smoke-box and chimney at each end.

Third version 

The third version was more like a conventional traction engine with the Digger attached behind - it had spades that actually dug into the ground and turned the soil over.

This was built by Coopers of King's Lynn. One is thought to survive but it is hidden away.
The factory is still known as " The Digger."

See also 
http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/T._C._Darby

References

External links 
 Reading University MERL project Photo in the MERL Library data base

Steam road vehicles
Tractors
RWD 6. The RWD 6 was a Polish sports plane of 1932, constructed by the RWD team. It was a winner of the Challenge 1932 international tourist aircraft contest.

Development
The aircraft was designed specially for the purpose of competing in the international tourist aircraft contest Challenge, which RWD attended in 1930, without major success. It was constructed by the RWD team of Stanislaw Rogalski, Stanislaw Wigura and Jerzy Drzewiecki in the workshops of Students' Mechanical Club of Warsaw University of Technology (their designs were named RWD after their initial letters). The new plane differed from previous RWD designs, having a cab with two seats next to each other, folding wings and good wing mechanization (slats and flaps).

Only three aircraft were built, the first one was flown on June 3, 1932, by its designer Jerzy Drzewiecki. The aircraft were given civilian registrations SP-AHL, SP-AHM and SP-AHN. During trials, SP-AHM crashed and Drzewiecki was hurt. After some modification of the tail, the two remaining RWD 6s were sent to the Challenge contest.

Challenge 1932, held between August 11–28, 1932, was eventually won by Franciszek Żwirko (pilot) and Stanisław Wigura (mechanic) in their RWD 6 SP-AHN, with a start number O6. The other RWD 6, flown by Tadeusz Karpiński, took ninth place out of 43 competitors (SP-AHL, nr. O4). During contest, the RWD 6 was given the highest scores for technical evaluation of all participating aircraft.

On September 11, 1932, the RWD 6 SP-AHN with Franciszek Żwirko and Stanisław Wigura aboard, crashed during a storm while flying to an air meeting in Czechoslovakia. Both died. The cause was found to be weak wing mountings, that caused wing warping at higher speeds. The last remaining RWD 6 (SP-AHL) was modified after this accident, receiving a strengthened wing with V-shaped struts and the new designation RWD 6bis. The RWD 6bis was completed and flown in September 1933. In 1935 it was broken up, and its fuselage was used to create the RWD 13 touring plane prototype. A direct development of the RWD 6 as a sport plane was a four-seater RWD 9, a winner of the Challenge 1934.

Description
Two-seater sports and touring strutted high-wing monoplane of a mixed construction. A metal frame fuselage covered with canvas, with the engine clad in  aluminium sheets. Rectangular single-spar wing of wooden construction, canvas and plywood covered. Wings folded rearwards, and were equipped with automatic slats and flaps. Closed cabin with two seats side-by-side, with dual controls. The cabin had a pair of doors. 7-cylinder Armstrong Siddeley Genet Major radial engine of 104 kW (140 hp) (119 kW, 160 hp start power). Two-blade metal propeller. Conventional landing gear, with a rear skid. Fuel tanks in wings (140 L, 34 US gal). Take-off: 111 m (to altitude 8 m), landing: 106 m (from altitude 8 m – best results from the Challenge contest).

Specifications

See also

References

Further reading

RWD 06
RWD 06
Single-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1932