omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Western Design Center. The Western Design Center (WDC), located in Mesa, Arizona, is a company which develops intellectual property for, and licenses manufacture of, MOS Technology 65xx based microprocessors, microcontrollers (µCs), and related support devices. WDC was founded in 1978 by a former MOS Technology employee and co-holder of the MOS Technology 6502 patent, Bill Mensch. Prior to leaving MOS Technology in 1977 Bill was the microprocessor design manager at MOS Technology.

Beyond discrete devices, WDC offers device designs in the form of semiconductor intellectual property cores (IP cores) to use inside other chips such as application-specific integrated circuit (ASICs), and provides ASIC and embedded systems consulting services revolving around their processor designs. WDC also produces C compilers, assembler/linker packages, simulators, development–evaluation printed circuit boards, and in-circuit emulators for their processors.

Hardware products
The first product developed by WDC was the WDC 65C02, a CMOS version of the NMOS based MOS Technology 6502 microprocessor. The 65C02 reduced the power consumption, improved noise immunity and added some new instructions. The 65C02 was subsequently adopted for use in the Apple IIc computer and, later, in an enhanced version of the Apple IIe.

Mensch's next design, which was to become an important product at WDC, was a 65C02-compatible 16-bit microprocessor, the 65C816, later designated W65C816S. The 65C816's design came about following consultation with Apple and was adopted by them for use in the Apple IIGS computer. The 65C816 was later chosen as the core of the Ricoh 5A22 processor that powered the Super Nintendo Entertainment System.

Devices

Personal computer
The Mensch Computer is a W65C265 and W65C22-based hobbyist experimental personal computer named after company founder Bill Mensch.

References

External links

Semiconductor companies of the United States
Companies based in Mesa, Arizona
Computer companies established in 1978
Electronics companies established in 1978
1978 establishments in Arizona
Key distribution center. In cryptography, a key distribution center (KDC) is part of a cryptosystem intended to reduce the risks inherent in exchanging keys. KDCs often operate in systems within which some users may have permission to use certain services at some times and not at others.

Security overview
For instance, an administrator may have established a policy that only certain users may back up to tape. Many operating systems can control access to the tape facility via a "system service". If that system service further restricts the tape drive to operate only on behalf of users who can submit a service-granting ticket when they wish to use it, there remains only the task of distributing such tickets to the appropriately permitted users. If the ticket consists of (or includes) a key, one can then term the mechanism which distributes it a KDC. Usually, in such situations, the KDC itself also operates as a system service.

Operation
A typical operation with a KDC involves a request from a user to use some service. The KDC will use cryptographic techniques, mostly using symmetric encryption, to authenticate requesting users as themselves. It will also check whether an individual user has the right to access the service requested. If the authenticated user meets all prescribed conditions, the KDC can issue a ticket permitting access.  

In most (but not all) cases the KDC shares a key with each of all the other parties.
The KDC produces a ticket based on a server key.
The client receives the ticket and submits it to the appropriate server.
The server can verify the submitted ticket and grant access to user submitting it.

Examples
Security systems using KDCs include Kerberos. (Actually, Kerberos partitions KDC functionality between two different agents: the AS (Authentication Server) and the TGS (Ticket Granting Service).)

References

External links
 Kerberos Authentication Protocol 
 Microsoft: Kerberos Key Distribution Center - TechNet
 Microsoft: Key Distribution Center - MSDN

Key management
Computer network security
Slipmat. A slipmat is a circular piece of slippery cloth or synthetic materials disk jockeys place on the turntable platter instead of the traditional rubber mat.

Unlike the rubber mat which is made to hold the record firmly in sync with the rotating platter, slipmats are designed to slip on the platter, allowing the DJ to manipulate a record on a turntable while the platter continues to rotate underneath.  This is useful for holding a record still for slip-cueing, making minute adjustments during beatmatching and mixing and pulling the record back and forth for scratching. They are also very commonly used simply as decoration for when a record isn't on the turntable.

The slipmat was invented by hip-hop pioneer Grandmaster Flash to improve its sound and move the vinyl counterclockwise without causing too much drag and too much friction. In a Washington Post interview, he recalls “My mother was a seamstress so I knew different types of materials,” he continues. Having settled on felt, Flash encountered another issue. “The problem with felt is that it draped, it was limp,” he recalls. “So I ran home and got a copy of my album and I bought just enough felt to cut out two round circles the same size as a 33’ LP and—when my mother wasn't looking—I turned the iron all the way up high and I used my mother's spray starch. I sprayed it until this limp piece of felt became—I called it a wafer, like what you get in church at Easter. Today it's called a slipmat.”

References

External links
"Grandmaster Flash Talks "The Theory" Of Being A HipHop DJ & The Beginnings Of Hip-Hop!!" - (Interview on Hot 97. Slipmat discussion begins at 15:09)

DJ equipment
LINPACK. LINPACK is a software library for performing numerical linear algebra on digital computers.
It was written in Fortran by Jack Dongarra, Jim Bunch, Cleve Moler, and Gilbert Stewart, and was intended for use on supercomputers in the 1970s and early 1980s.  It has been largely superseded by LAPACK, which runs more efficiently on modern architectures.

LINPACK makes use of the BLAS (Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms) libraries for performing basic vector and matrix operations.

The LINPACK benchmarks appeared initially as part of the LINPACK user's manual. The parallel LINPACK benchmark implementation called HPL (High Performance Linpack) is used to benchmark and rank supercomputers for the TOP500 list.

World's most powerful computer by year

References

Benchmarks (computing)
Fortran libraries
Numerical linear algebra
Numerical software
List of aircraft and armaments of the Army Air Corps (United Kingdom). This is a list of aircraft and armaments of the Army Air Corps (British Army).

Aircraft

From its founding in 1942;

Retired 

 Airspeed Horsa
 Auster AOP.6
 General Aircraft Hamilcar
 General Aircraft Hotspur
 Taylorcraft Auster
 Waco Hadrian
 Waco YKC and ZGC-7 – Two civil aircraft purchased by the British Army in Egypt and used by the Long Range Desert Group.

Since its separation from the Royal Air Force in 1957;

Helicopters

Active 

 Boeing AH-64E Apache
 AgustaWestland AW159 Wildcat
 Eurocopter AS365 Dauphin – Used by Joint Special Forces Aviation Wing in support of UKSF

Retired 

 Westland Gazelle
 Agusta A109
 Bristol Sycamore
 Eurocopter Squirrel
 Saunders-Roe Skeeter – First helicopter used by Army Air Corps
 Sud Aviation Alouette II
 Westland Lynx
 Westland Scout
 Westland Sioux
 Bell 212 – Used by 25 Flight AAC at British Army Training Unit Kenya
 Airbus H135 – was to replace the Gazelle in the surveillance role. However, the MoD decided that they were no longer required for their procured purpose.
 AgustaWestland Apache AH1

Fixed wing

Active 

 Grob Tutor T1 (at 674 Squadron, DEFTS and Army Flying Grading)

Retired 

 Auster AOP.9
 Britten-Norman Islander/Defender
 de Havilland Canada Beaver
 de Havilland Canada Chipmunk
 Slingsby Firefly T-67M260 (at 674 Squadron, DEFTS) 
 Slingsby Firefly 160 (at Army Flying Grading)

Weapons and munitions

Missiles

Active 

 AGM-114 Hellfire – Air-to-surface, laser-guided anti-tank missile. Carried by the Boeing AH-64E Apache
 AGM-179 Joint Air-to-Ground Missile (JAGM) – Carried by the Boeing AH-64E Apache

Retired 

 BGM-71 TOW – Air-to-surface, anti-tank guided missile. Carried by the Westland Lynx.
 AS.11 – MCLS wire-guided air-to-surface anti-tank missile. Carried by the Westland Scout

Unguided rockets

Active 

 70-mm (2.75-inch) Hydra 70 air-to-surface rockets

Retired 

 68-mm (2.7-inch) SNEB air-to-surface rockets 
 70-mm (2.75-inch) CRV7 air-to-surface rockets

Cannons

 30-mm M230 Chain Gun

Machine guns

 7.62-mm FN MAG general purpose machine gun
 12.7-mm (0.50-inch) M2 Browning heavy machine gun

See also
List of aircraft of the Royal Air Force
List of aircraft of the Fleet Air Arm

Notes and references

External links
Army Air Corps at official British Army website

Army Air Corps (United Kingdom)
Army Air Corps aircraft
United Kingdom British Army Air Corps, List of aircraft of the
List of aircraft of the Royal Australian Navy. This is a list of aircraft of the Royal Australian Navy, including past and present aircraft operated by the Navy of Australia].

Present

Historic

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

K

M

N

S

V

W

Civilian aircraft operating under contract

Drones/RAV

Present

Historic

List of guided missiles of the Royal Australian Navy

Current

Historic

Notes

See also
List of aircraft of the Royal Australian Air Force
List of Australian Army aircraft

Australian Navy
Military equipment of the Royal Australian Navy
 
Royal Australian Navy lists
JSyn. JSyn ("Java Synthesis") is a free API for developing interactive sound applications in Java.  Developed by Phil Burk and others, it is available on GitHub.  JSyn has a flexible, unit generator-based synthesis and DSP architecture that allows developers to create synthesizers, audio playback routines, and effects processing algorithms within a Java framework that allows for easy integration with other Java routines (e.g. graphics, user interface, etc.).

Although fundamentally a synthesis language (imitative of if not directly inspired by Csound and other MUSIC-N languages), JSyn has a number of powerful extensions and ancillary libraries, including JMSL (a Java update to the HMSL music specification language) and JScore (a staff notation editor and library), which adds a significantly higher level of musical informatics to the package than would normally be supplied with a set of synthesis routines.  Wire, a graphical editor for JSyn routines, also allows developers to create DSP chains using a simple GUI that gives the API some of the ease of use of programs such as Max/MSP.

JSyn is licensed under the free Apache License V2.

External links
JSyn Home Page
JSyn source on GitHub
JMSL Home Page

Audio programming languages
Audio libraries
Java platform
Hierarchical Music Specification Language. The Hierarchical Music Specification Language (HMSL) is a music programming language written in the 1980s by Larry Polansky, Phil Burk, and David Rosenboom at Mills College. Written on top of Forth, it allowed for the creation of real-time interactive music performance systems, algorithmic composition software, and any other kind of program that requires a high degree of musical informatics.  It was distributed by Frog Peak Music, and runs with a very light memory footprint (~1 megabyte) on Macintosh and Amiga systems.

Unlike CSound and other languages for audio synthesis, HMSL is primarily a language for making music.  As such, it interfaces with sound-making devices through built-in MIDI classes.  However, it has a high degree of built-in understanding of music  performance practice, tuning systems, and score reading.  Its main interface for the manipulation of musical parameters is through the metaphor of shapes, which can be created, altered, and combined to create a musical texture, either by themselves or in response to real-time or scheduled events in a score.

HMSL has been widely used by composers working in algorithmic composition for over twenty years.  In addition to the authors (who are also composers), HMSL has been used in pieces by Nick Didkovsky, The Hub, James Tenney, Tom Erbe, and Pauline Oliveros.

A Java port of HMSL was developed by Nick Didkovsky under the name JMSL, and is designed to interface to the JSyn API.

HMSL is licensed under the free Apache License V2.

References

External links
HMSL Home Page
HMSL source on GitHub

Audio programming languages
Synthesis Toolkit. The Synthesis Toolkit (STK) is an open source API for real time audio synthesis with an emphasis on classes to facilitate the development of physical modelling synthesizers.  It is written in C++ and is written and maintained by Perry Cook at Princeton University and Gary Scavone at McGill University.  It contains both low-level synthesis and signal processing classes (oscillators, filters, etc.) and higher-level instrument classes which contain examples of most of the currently available physical modelling algorithms in use today. STK is free software, but a number of its classes, particularly some physical modelling algorithms, are covered by patents held by Stanford University and Yamaha.

The STK is used widely in creating software synthesis applications.  Versions of the STK instrument classes have been integrated into ChucK, Csound, Real-Time Cmix, Max/MSP (as part of PeRColate), SuperCollider and FAUST. It has been ported to SymbianOS and iOS as well.

References

External links 
 STK Home Page at CCRMA
 STK in AS3 - ActionScript port of The Synthesis ToolKit in C++
 The STK repository on GitHub
 Tutorial on using the STK on iOS

Audio programming languages
Unit generator. Unit generators (or ugens) are the basic formal units in many MUSIC-N-style computer music programming languages. They are sometimes called opcodes (particularly in Csound), though this expression is not considered accurate in that these are not written directly as machine-level instructions. 

Unit generators form the building blocks for designing synthesis and signal processing algorithms in software.
The unit generator theory of sound synthesis was first developed and implemented by Max Mathews and his colleagues at Bell Labs in the 1950s.

Examples 
A simple unit generator called OSC could generate a sinusoidal waveform of a specific frequency (given as an input or argument to the function or class that represents the unit generator). ENV could be a unit generator that delineates a breakpoint function. Thus ENV could be used to drive the amplitude envelope of the oscillator OSC through the equation OSC*ENV. Unit generators often use predefined arrays of values for their functions (which are filled with waveforms or other shapes by calling a specific generator function).

In the SuperCollider language, the .ar method in the SinOsc class inherits methods from an overarching unit generator class (UGen) that generates a sine wave.  The example below makes a sine wave at frequency 440, phase 0, and amplitude 0.5.
<nowiki>SinOsc.ar(440, 0, 0.5);</nowiki>

See also
Tuning generator

References

Acoustics software
Audio programming languages
Hydroplane. Hydroplaning and hydroplane may refer to:

 Aquaplaning or hydroplaning, a loss of steering or braking due to water on the road
 Hydroplane (boat), a fast motor boat used in racing
 Hydroplane racing, a sport involving racing hydroplanes on lakes and rivers
 Floatplane, a type of seaplane, with one or more slender pontoons
 Flying boat, a fixed-winged seaplane with a hull, allowing it to land on water
 Gallaudet Hydroplane, an early aircraft employing the use of wing-warping for roll control
 Hydrofoil, a boat with wing-like foils mounted on struts below the hull
 Planing (boat), a method by which the hull of a boat skims over the surface of the water
 Seaplane, a powered fixed-wing aircraft capable of taking off and landing on water
 Diving plane, a submarine control surface used to help control depth
 Hydroblading, a figure skating move sometimes referred to as hydroplaning

See also 
 Terraplane (disambiguation)
Strategic information system. A strategic information system (SIS) is a computer system used by organizations to analyse market and competitor information, helping them plan and make their business more successful. It shapes the corporate strategy of an organization by providing a connection between the organization's demands and the latest information technology. This connection helps the organization adapt to the continuous changes in the corporate environment; thereby gaining a competitive advantage

Importance of strategic information systems 
SIS supports in decision making by providing useful information to executives and managers. It integrates data from various internal and external sources to give a comprehensive understanding of an organization's performance and market trends

It can give a business competitive advantage by offering insightful data, also helps in identifying opportunities and risks giving business advantage over its competitors

It aids in achieving company's long-term goals and objectives

Types of Strategic information systems 

 Cost leadership strategy: Helps company reach the lowest costs in the industry through business process engineering, reducing costs from suppliers, and reducing costs to customers 
 Differentiation strategy: Provides products or services unique and offering more value to customers compared to competitors 
 Focus strategy: Helps companies focus on specific products or services within the organisation.
 innovation strategy: Provides products or services with latest innovations
 Alliance strategy: Creates cooperative relationships that benefit both suppliers and other companies, even with competitors
 Growth strategy: Helps companies develop and diversify their market
 Quality strategy: Helps improve the quality of product and services

References

Information systems
Chatterton's compound. Chatterton’s compound is an adhesive waterproof insulating compound that was used in early submarine telegraph cables. It was patented in 1859 by John Chatterton and Willoughby Smith.

Its constitution is as follows: 
3 parts gutta-percha
1 part rosin
1 part Stockholm tar

Chatterton's Compound was also used to stick insulating paper to armatures, for example those on Synchronome clocks, which were the most accurate clocks made in the early part of the 20th century.  If the paper appeared to be in bad condition it could be removed by warming up the armature near a flame and replacing it.

Chatterton's Compound was used in the manufacture of pneumatic pipe organs to seal lead tubing into wooden blocks for the pneumatic action, or, particularly in the UK, to affix reed weights to the reed tongues.  It is still used in historical restoration jobs for this purpose but has been replaced with modern materials on more recent builds.

Chatterton's Compound was much used by submarine cable technicians for various purposes around oversea telegraph offices prior to the 1960s; it could be used as an adhesive or in jointing gutta-percha-insulated submarine telegraph cables.  It was available in round black sticks of about 3/4 inch diameter which responded to heat from a spirit lamp.  It was known to telegraph technicians as 'chats'.

In France, the normal black PVC electrical insulating tape is often referred to as chatterton.

References

Materials
Dorkbot. Dorkbot is a group of affiliated organizations worldwide that sponsor grassroots meetings of artists, engineers, designers, scientists, inventors, and anyone else working under the very broad umbrella of electronic art. The dorkbot motto is "people doing strange things with electricity".

Started by Douglas Repetto at the Columbia University Computer Music Center in 2000, dorkbot spread around the world, with over 100 chapters either planning or actively holding meetings as of 2010. In 2012, a series of viruses with the same name appeared and it caused many of the chapters to disband.

The purpose of dorkbot meetings is to nurture a local electronic arts community and to encourage emerging, and established, artists to present new works for informal peer review.  While many of the dorkbot groups hold their meetings at universities and students are encouraged to attend, dorkbot meetings are not restricted in any way to the academic community.  Dorkbot groups encourage the free exchange of ideas on the electronic arts, and regular attendees of one dorkbot will often visit another when they are travelling, serving as informal ambassadors between groups.

See also
 ArtBots
 Café Scientifique
 Hackspace
 Maker Faire
 Nerd Nite

References

External links
 Dorkbot Main Page
 Footage of NYC Dorkbot events
 "Questions about self-organisation: Dorkbot" interview with Repetto for Pixelache 2008 Helsinki festival
 "Technical Knock-Outs" by Ben Davis, Artnet Magazine
 Dorkbot PDX

Art festivals
Organizations established in 2000
New media art festivals
Festival organizations
New media art
Digital art
Hacker culture
Digital media organizations
Political art
Politics and technology
University of Michigan Executive System. The University of Michigan Executive System, or UMES, a batch operating system developed at the University of Michigan in 1958, was widely used at many universities. Based on the General Motors Executive System for the IBM 701, UMES was revised to work on the mainframe computers in use at the University of Michigan during this time (IBM 704, 709, and 7090) and to work better for the small student jobs that were expected to be the primary work load at the university.

UMES was in use at the University of Michigan until 1967, when MTS was phased in to take advantage of the newer virtual memory time-sharing technology that became available on the IBM System/360 Model 67.

Programming languages available 
 FORTRAN
 MAD (programming language)

See also 
 Timeline of operating systems
 History of IBM mainframe operating systems
 FORTRAN Monitor System
 Bell Operating System (BESYS) or Bell Monitor (BELLMON)
 SHARE Operating System (SOS)
 IBM 7090/94 IBSYS
 Compatible Time-Sharing System (CTSS)
 Michigan Terminal System (MTS)
 Hardware: IBM 701, IBM 704, IBM 709, IBM 7090

External links 
 University of Michigan Executive System for the IBM 7090 Computer, volumes 1 (General, Utilities, Internal Organization), 2 (Translators), and 3 (Subroutine Libraries), Computing Center, University of Michigan, September 1965, 1050 pp.
 
 The IBM 7094 and CTSS, Tom Van Vleck
 University of Michigan Executive System (UMES) subseries, Computing Center publications, 1965–1999, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
 "A Markovian model of the University of Michigan Executive System", James D. Foey, Communications of the ACM, 1967, No.6

Discontinued operating systems
University of Michigan
1958 software
IBM mainframe operating systems