omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Aliettite. Aliettite is a complex phyllosilicate mineral of the smectite group with a formula of (Ca0.2Mg6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4·4H2O) or .

It is a soft, colorless to pale yellow or green earthy mineral which crystallizes in the monoclinic system as minute tabular to platy crystals.

It was first described in 1968 for an occurrence in Monte Chiaro, Albareto, Parma Province, Emilia-Romagna, Italy and named for the Italian mineralogist Andrea Alietti (born 1923).

It occurs in serpentinized ophiolites and their residual soil. It also occurs in altered dolomite. Associated minerals include talc, chlorite, serpentine and calcite. In addition to the type locality in Italy it has been reported from Kinshasa, Katanga; the Chelyabinsk Oblast of the southern Urals and the Turii alkaline Massif of the Kola Peninsula in Russia; the Zirabulak Mountains of Uzbekistan; and the Goldstrike Mine of Eureka County, Nevada, US.

References 

Smectite group
Hexagonal minerals
MSSP. MSSP may refer to: 
 Managed Security Service Provider, who provides security services for companies
 Microsoft Smooth Streaming Protocol, a computer networking protocol designed to support adaptive media streaming
 Mobile Service Switching Point, see Service Switching Point
 Medicare Shared Savings Program, established by section 3022 of the Affordable Care Act
 Master Synchronous Serial Port, a module of a PIC microcontroller that is used for communication with other peripherals
 Missionary Society of St Paul (Malta)
Akatoreite. Akatoreite ((Mn2+, Fe2+)9Al2[(OH)3|HSi4O13]) is a mineral found in New Zealand.

References

External links 

Mindat.org - Akatoreite
Webmineral.com - Akatoreite
Handbook of Mineralogy - Akatoreite

Sorosilicates
Triclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 2
Fouzi Ayoub Sabri. Fouzi Ayoub Sabri () is a Saudi Arabian businessman, engineer and car designer who founded, owns and sits as current CEO of Al-Araba Company for vehicle customizing and vehicle armouring. He is the creator of the first Saudi car, Al Araba 1.

References

External links
www.Al-Araba.com

Saudi Arabian automobile designers
People from Jeddah
Saudi Arabian businesspeople
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
GE U30CG. The GE U30CG was a passenger-hauling diesel-electric locomotive built by GE Transportation Systems.  It was a passenger variant of GE's U30C design purchased by the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway.  ATSF had purchased ten U28CG locomotives in 1966, and while these locomotives were satisfactory operationally, the railroad felt that their utilitarian appearance was unsuitable for its passenger trains.  Desiring smooth-sided passenger power, the railroad ordered the first cowl units from both GE and GM-EMD.  GE produced the U30CG to meet this requirement.  It was mechanically identical to a U30C except that the bodywork was replaced with a full-width long hood with fluted stainless-steel panels, and a full-width rounded nose and slanted cab front were fitted.

GE's original design had the rounded nose flush with the pilot front, but the Santa Fe rejected this, and the locomotives were fitted with a front walkway.  The locomotives were painted in the Santa Fe's famous Warbonnet colors, in exactly the same style as the railroad's F units — unlike the modified scheme used on the U28CGs.  The six production locomotives were delivered to the ATSF (road numbers 400-405) in November 1967, a month before EMD's competing FP45s.

The locomotives' initial primary assignment was to the Grand Canyon Limited between Chicago and Los Angeles, but they were also seen on the Super Chief as well as secondary trains such as the Texas Chief and the San Diegan.  All this came to an end on February 9, 1969 when a U30CG derailed hauling the Grand Canyon Limited on Edelstein Hill near Chillicothe, Illinois.  The U30CG design was suspected, and both classes of GE passenger locomotives were placed on freight assignments, and never were reinstated to passenger service.

Shortly, the U30CGs were renumbered to #8000–8005 and over time were repainted into blue and yellow (either the old freight scheme or Warbonnet), had their steam generators removed, the openings covered, and the shared fuel/water underbody tanks converted to fuel only for greater range. They were used mainly in Colorado freight service and other secondary assignments until September 22, 1980, when they were traded in to GE for new GE B36-7 locomotives.

See also
 GE P30CH - Another passenger variant of the U30C.
 EMD FP45 - A passenger variant of the EMD SDP45, also ordered by the ATSF

References

External links
 Photos of U30CG locomotives

C-C locomotives
U30CG
Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway locomotives
Passenger locomotives
Diesel–electric locomotives of the United States
Railway locomotives introduced in 1967
Scrapped locomotives
Standard gauge locomotives of the United States
Sol-air temperature. Sol-air temperature (Tsol-air) is a variable used to calculate cooling load of a building and determine the total heat gain through exterior surfaces. It is an improvement over:

 

Where:

  = rate of heat transfer [W]
  = heat transfer surface area [m2]
  = heat transfer coefficient for radiation (long wave) and convection [W/m2K]
  = outdoor surroundings' temperature [°C]
  = outside surface temperature [°C]

The above equation only takes into account the temperature differences and ignores two important parameters, being 1) solar radiative flux; and 2) infrared exchanges from the sky. The concept of Tsol-air was thus introduced to enable these parameters to be included within an improved calculation. The following formula results:

Where:

  = solar radiation absorptivity (surface solar absorptance or the inverse of the solar reflectance of a material) [-]
  = global solar irradiance (i.e. total solar radiation incident on the surface) [W/m2] 
  = extra infrared radiation due to difference between the external air temperature and the apparent sky temperature. This can be written as  [W/m2]

The product  just found can now be used to calculate the amount of heat transfer per unit area, as below:

An equivalent, and more useful equation for the net heat loss across the whole construction is:

Where:
  = construction U-value, according to ISO 6946 [W/m2K].
  = indoor temperature [°C]
  = difference between outside dry-bulb air temperature and sky mean radiant temperature [°C]
  = Form factor between the element and the sky [-] 
  = 1 for an unshaded horizontal roof
  = 0,5 for an unshaded vertical wall
  = external radiative heat transfer coefficient [W/m2K]

By expanding the above equation through substituting  the following heat loss equation is derived:

The above equation is used for opaque facades in, and renders intermediate calculation of  unnecessary. The main advantage of this latter approach is that it avoids the need for a different outdoor temperature node for each facade. Thus, the solution scheme is kept simple, and the solar and sky radiation terms from all facades can be aggregated and distributed to internal temperature nodes as gains/losses.

References 

Fundamentals volume of the ASHRAE Handbook, ASHRAE, Inc., Atlanta, GA, USA, 2005
Heating and Cooling of Buildings, 2nd ed., Kreider, Curtiss, Rabl, McGraw-Hill, New York, USA, 2002

See also
HVAC
ASHRAE
Active solar
Passive solar
ISO 13790

Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
Building engineering
Link Access Procedure for Frame Relay. In wide area network computing, Link Access Procedure for Frame Relay (or LAPF) is part of the network's communications protocol which ensures that frames are error free and executed in the right sequence. 

LAPF is formally defined in the International Telecommunication Union standard Q.922.  It was derived from IBM's Synchronous Data Link Control protocol, which is the layer 2 protocol for IBM's Systems Network Architecture developed around 1975.  ITU used SDLC as a basis to develop LAPF for the Frame Relay environment, along with other equivalents:  LAPB for the X.25 protocol stack, LAPM for the V.42 protocol, and LAPD for the ISDN protocol stack.  

In Frame Relay Local Management Interface (LMI) messages are carried in a variant of LAPF frames.

LAPF corresponds to the OSI model Data Link layer.

External links
Cisco Frame Relay documentation

Link access protocols
Link protocols
Frame Relay
Parallel Peripheral Interface. The Parallel Peripheral Interface (PPI) is a peripheral found on the Blackfin embedded processor.  The PPI is a half-duplex, bi-directional port that is designed to connect directly to LCDs, CMOS sensors, CCDs, video encoders (video DACs), video decoders (video ADCs) or any generic high speed, parallel device.

The width of the PPI is programmable and can be set between 8 and 16 bits in 1-bit increments.  The latest Blackfin family (BF54x) also features an 18/24-bit PPI for direct connection to RGB LCD panels.

The PPI can run from 0 MHz up to 66 MHz.

The PPI has a dedicated clock pin, three multiplexed frame sync pins, and between 16 and 24 data pins.

References

http://blackfin.uclinux.org/doku.php?id=ppi

Computer peripherals
Pfostenschlitzmauer. A Pfostenschlitzmauer (German for "post-slot wall") is the name for defensive walls protecting Bronze Age and Iron Age hill forts and oppida in Central Europe, especially in Bavaria and the Czech Republic. They are characterized by vertical wooden posts set into the front stone facing. The rampart is constructed from a timber lattice filled with earth or rubble. The transverse cross-beams may also protrude through the stone facing, as with the murus gallicus used in Gaul and western Germany. It is sometimes referred to in English as a timber-framed wall.

The construction method is also known as "Kelheim-style", named after the extensive ramparts at the oppidum of Kelheim.

At the oppidum of Manching, an earlier murus gallicus rampart was rebuilt in Pfostenschlitzmauer style.

Gallery

See also 
 Murus Dacicus
 Murus Gallicus
 Urnfield culture
 Hallstatt culture

References 

 The Ancient Celts, Barry Cunliffe (1997) 
 Celtic Fortifications, Ian Ralston (2006) 
 Manching: Die Keltenstadt, Susanne Sievers (2003), 

Fortification (architectural elements)
Hill forts
Oppida
Iron Age Europe
German words and phrases
Global Powder Metallurgy Property Database. The Global Powder Metallurgy Database (GPMD) is an online searchable database that has been developed as the result of a joint project between leading regional powder metallurgy (PM) trade associations, the EPMA and its sister organisations in Japan (JPMA) and North America (MPIF).

This database was created in response to a worldwide recognition that the absence of a readily accessible source of design data was acting as a significant impediment to the wider application of PM products. 
 
Primarily aimed at designers and engineers in the industries using PM products, it is designed to provide verified physical, mechanical and fatigue data for a range of commercially available PM materials.
This culminated in the initial launch of the database at the PM World Congress in Vienna in October 2004. The content of the database, at this launch, was restricted to data on low alloy ferrous and stainless steel PM structural part grades and bronze and iron-based PM bearing grades.

However, enhancement and extension of content and searching capability has been an ongoing process ever since. In January 2007, the content was expanded with the addition of data on non-ferrous PM structural part grades, followed, in March 2007, by the introduction of a new section covering data on Metal Injection Moulding (MIM) materials.

The latest extension to capability involves making full SN Fatigue Curve "pages" (comprising SN curves and details of individual test points) accessible to searchers. The initial content comprises over 130 SN Curve pages, covering a range of Fe-Cu-C grades and based on published information that has been analysed and collated by the group led by Professor Paul Beiss at the Technical University of Aachen. The collated SN curves cover a range of material processing conditions and density levels and a range of fatigue testing conditions (fatigue loading mode, mean stress level and notch factor).

In assembling the GPMD content, a broad range of mechanical, fatigue and physical property data has been collected from the associations’ memberships and rigorously evaluated by regional accreditation committees. However, the database's primary targets are designers and material specifiers in end-user industries who may have no prior knowledge of PM. Therefore, the bulk of the search structure has been designed to take such a searcher to the point where they can decide that they ought to contact a PM parts manufacturer to discuss a potential application in more detail.

External links 
Global Powder Metallurgy Property Database

Metallurgy
Chemical databases
Powders
Lansdown Centre for Electronic Arts. The Lansdown Centre for Electronic Arts was a research centre at Middlesex University in North London, England. It played a significant role in the early development of computer graphics and continued to innovate in interactive media, sonic arts and moving image. It also provided postgraduate and undergraduate teaching.

History

The Centre for Electronic Arts was renamed the Lansdown Centre for Electronic Arts after the death of the computer graphics pioneer John Lansdown, its head from 1993 until 1997. Its roots lay in the work of John Vince to develop computer graphics at the university (then a polytechnic). From the 1970s, Vince and others developed two suites of computer graphics subroutines in the FORTRAN programming language, initially to create line drawings of 2D and 3D objects and, later, full-colour images with smooth Gouraud and Phong shading. This work fed into short courses attended by media personnel.

In 1985, Middlesex was awarded the status of National Centre for Computer Aided Art and Design, under Paul Brown. The UK's first MSc course in Computer Graphics was developed there. One graduate, Keith Waters, went on to a PhD in 1988, awarded for his development of a muscle-based model for facial animation.

The 2008 book White Heat Cold Logic records the pioneering role of Middlesex Polytechnic in British computer art, as does the CACHe project.

See also
 Event One (1969)

References

External links
Archived website of the Lansdown Centre for Electronic Arts website

Educational institutions with year of establishment missing
Art schools in London
Middlesex University
Computer art
Computer graphics organizations
Multiprotocol Encapsulation over ATM. Multiprotocol Encapsulation over ATM is specified in RFC 2684.  It defines two mechanisms for identifying the protocol carried in ATM Adaptation Layer 5 (AAL5) frames. It replaces RFC 1483, a standard data link access protocol supported by DSL modems.

RFC 2684 describes two encapsulation mechanisms for network traffic: Virtual Circuit Multiplexing and LLC Encapsulation. Either mechanism carries either routed or bridged protocol data units, and DSL modems often include a setting for RFC 1483 bridging. This is distinct from other "bridge modes" commonly found in combined DSL modems and routers, which turn off the router portion of the DSL modem.

In VC Multiplexing (VC-MUX), the hosts agree on the high-level protocol for a given circuit.  It has the advantage of not requiring additional information in a packet, which minimises the overhead.  For example, if the hosts agree to transfer IP, a sender can pass each datagram directly to AAL5 to transfer; nothing needs to be sent besides the datagram and the AAL5 trailer. The chief disadvantage of such a scheme lies in duplication of virtual circuits: a host must create a separate virtual circuit for each high-level protocol if more than one protocol is used.  Because most carriers charge for each virtual circuit, customers try to avoid using multiple circuits because it adds unnecessary cost.  

In LLC Encapsulation the hosts use a single virtual circuit for multiple protocols.  This has the advantage of allowing all traffic over the same circuit, but the disadvantage of requiring each packet to contain octets that identify the protocol type, which adds overhead.  The scheme also has the disadvantage that packets from all protocols travel with the same delay and priority.

RFC 2684 specifies that hosts can choose between the two methods of using AAL5.  Both the sender and receiver must agree on how the circuit will be used, and the agreement may involve manual configuration.  Furthermore, the standards suggest that when hosts choose to include type information in the packet, they should use a standard IEEE 802.2 Logical Link Control (LLC) header, followed by a Subnetwork Access Protocol (SNAP) header if necessary.

The AAL5 trailer does not include a type field.  Thus, an AAL5 frame is not self-identifying.  This means that either the two hosts at the ends of a virtual circuit must agree a priori that the circuit will be used for one specific protocol (e.g., the circuit will only be used to send IP datagrams), or the two hosts at the ends of a virtual circuit must agree a priori that some octets of the data area will be reserved for use as a type field to distinguish packets containing one protocol's data from packets containing another protocol's data.

See also 
 Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
 Point-to-Point Protocol over ATM (PPPoA)
 Broadband Remote Access Server

External links
 ATM Forum
 Understanding IPoEoATM and RFC 1483 bridging
 Cisco Systems

Internet Standards
Groizer X. is an anime series aired from 1976 to 1977. There were 36 episodes. It is also referred to as Gloyzer X and Gloizer X.

Story
The Gaira aliens, hidden in the Arctic, plan to conquer Earth. Captured and forced to work for the aliens, Dr. Yan creates the ultimate weapon, a transformable aerial robot called Groizer X. Groizer X was 100 meters tall and weighed 1200 tons. Entrusted to his daughter Rita, Groizer X escapes the clutches of the Gaira and lands in Japan, where pilot Joe Kaisaka meets a wounded Rita. Taking up the controls of Groizer X, Jo and Rita fight against the Gaira invasion.

Concept
The anime was created by Go Nagai and Gosaku Ota as a side project during the time they were busy with the various Mazinger series. Groizer X nevertheless managed to be converted into a TV series.  The robot transforms into a jet, while the show included intense battle sequences and aerial combat, it remained a secondary super robot series.

Characters

Merchandise
The original Groizer X toyline are one of the very few Super Robot toys produced by Nakajima Manufacturing Company instead of the industry dominant Popy.

Yamato then did a GN-U Groizer X figure released in 2007. A manga version of the figure was produced, only painted in green.

Outside Japan 

While not being a great success in Japan, Groizer X had a considerable impact in Brazil, where it was aired under the name O Pirata do Espaço ("The Space Pirate") in 1984/1986 at the Manchete Network. Only two 70's mecha anime were shown in the country up until that point, and Groizer X was the only one to air in its entirety (Voltes V, the other one, only aired for five episodes). In Latin America, the anime was aired under the name El Justiciero. In Italy it was one of the few robotic anime to be aired on Silvio Berlusconi's Canale 5, in 1981, where it failed to garner much following and was never replayed.

References in other series

In the 2009 anime Mazinger Edition Z: The Impact!, Count Brocken deploys an updated Groizer, "Groizer X-10" to attack Mazinger Z and the Mazinger Corps. Later on, Groizer's X-9, X-11 and X-12 are also shown, used by the Count to sink the Submarine Fortress Saluud.

References

External links

Groizer X  at The World of Go Nagai webpage
Groizer X, LP 

1976 anime television series debuts
Adventure anime and manga
Asahi Sonorama manga
Go Nagai
Knack Productions
Super robot anime and manga
Shōnen manga
TV Tokyo original programming
Transforming mecha
Zotino Tall Tower Observation Facility. The Zotino Tall Tower Observation Facility (ZOTTO) is a climatic research station in the Siberian taiga in the proximity of Zotino, Russia, established and operated by the Max Planck Society and the Sukachev Institute of Forest, it serves as a long-term observing platform to be operated for at least 30 years.

Far from human influences, researchers aim to determine how the concentration of greenhouse gases, aerosols, and the rising temperatures of the terrestrial atmosphere affect each other mutually.

The heart of the station is a  tower on which precision instruments measure the concentration of carbon dioxide, methane and other greenhouse gases. The measurement data are processed directly in the station at the foot of the tower and then transferred to the Institute of Forest, in Krasnoyarsk, Russia, as well as to the Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry in Jena, Germany.

The station has been operational since September 2006. It extended the project Terrestrial Carbon Observing System and was funded by the 5th framework programme of the European Union, uniting 8 European and 4 Russian partners. A main conclusion of the project is that Siberian forests constitute a substantially smaller carbon sink than so far assumed.

See also
 Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO), a similar tower in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest

References

External links 
 
 Tower of Siberia: can this 302 metre skyscraper save our planet?
 

Towers completed in 2006
Observation towers
Towers in Russia
Environmental research
Tanglewood (1987 video game). Tanglewood is a puzzle/adventure computer game published by Microdeal for the Dragon 32 and TRS-80 Color Computer in early 1987. It was released for the Atari ST and Amiga in 1988.

Gameplay

The 8-bit and 16-bit versions of the game have a different setting and characters but the same basic premise. In the 8-bit versions, Tanglewood is a peaceful glade under threat from a property developer and wizard named Sharck. The player controls five different animal characters who have ten days to defeat Sharck before the bulldozers move in.

In the 16-bit version, the premise is that Tanglewood contains valuable minerals that have only been discovered after the protagonist's uncle Arthur acquired mining rights from an unscrupulous company. The company now want to mine Tanglewood themselves and are suing Arthur for the rights back. The player has 10 days until the court case and must find the documents to win the case. Instead of controlling animals, the player controls five remote controlled vehicles.

Development
The game had originally been planned to be based on the children's TV series Willo the Wisp but this was dropped. It was designed and programmed by Ian Murray-Watson with graphics by Pete Lyon. Pete Lyon also produced the graphics for other MicroDeal games including Goldrunner (1987) and  Airball (1987).

Tanglewood was first released by Microdeal in 1987 in a joint release for the Dragon 32 and TRS-80 Color Computer. It was released on the 16-bit Amiga and Atari ST in 1988 and was also published by Microdeal in the US.

Reception
Reviews were favourable with Dragon User giving a full score of 5/5 with the reviewer stating Tanglewood is "very hard" but "an excellent game". A review of the Atari ST version in ST-Log also emphasised the difficulty of the game but gave particular praise to the graphics and sound effects.

References

1987 video games
Amiga games
Atari ST games
Dragon 32 games
Microdeal games
Single-player video games
TRS-80 Color Computer games
Video games developed in the United Kingdom