omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Tiksi Airport. Tiksi Aerodrome  is located 1 km (0.6 mi) northeast of Tiksi, Russia, and was built in the 1950s as a staging base for Soviet Long Range Aviation bombers to reach the United States (as a so-called 'bounce' aerodrome). It is used regularly by Tupolev Tu-95 aircraft in military exercises, including one in 1999, in which bombers practice travelling to the Canadian arctic. Two other nearby airfields known as Tiksi North and Tiksi West have been abandoned for decades, and are probably unusable, according to satellite imagery.

The only scheduled service to Tiksi is by an Antonov An-24 turboprop airplane.

The base is home to the Aviation Command, 200th Guards Heavy Bomber Aviation Regiment with the Mil Mi-8 (NATO: Hip) of the 326th Heavy Bomber Aviation Division.

2012 closure

The airport was closed without notice on October 1, 2012 by its owner, the Defense Ministry, due to the runway being unsafe and needing repair work. The closure was not coordinated with local or state government. Though the city was connected by winter roads, the loss of air service impaired the delivery of medicine, food and other essential goods, and in February 2013 boilers in the city went out of service for an extended period. The issue rose to the highest levels of Russian government. Prime Minister Dmitri Medvedev said in April 2013 "the Ministry of Defence committed a real mistake to jeopardize the existence of an entire village. This is an outrage.". Negotiations between the Defence Ministry and Yakutia government led to an agreement to Antonov An-24 service starting in June 2013. 
Reconstruction of the runway in several phases was scheduled for 2013, with completion by about 2015 or 2016; the current (fall 2023) state of affairs is not clear.

In July 2014, ITAR TASS reported Roman Filimonov (Head of the Defence Ministry's Construction department), announcing that Russia would be building six military towns in their Arctic region. “These will be closed zones with comfortable living and service conditions,” he said, adding “We’re restoring the infrastructure of the Tiksi airport. We hope that the construction will be completed next year.”

Airlines and destinations

Accidents & incidents
 On 19 December 2016, an Il-18 of the Russian Aerospace Forces crashed on approach to the aerodrome. There were no fatalities among the 39 occupants, but several were carried to hospital injured.

See also 
 List of airports in Russia
 List of military airbases in Russia

References

External links

 Airport Tiksi Aviateka.Handbook

Airports built in the Soviet Union
Airports in the Arctic
Airports in the Sakha Republic
Russian Air Force bases
Soviet Long Range Aviation Arctic staging bases
Fiberglass molding. Fiberglass molding is a process in which fiberglass reinforced resin plastics are formed into useful shapes.

The process usually involves first making a mold and then using the mold to make the fiberglass component.

Mold making

The fiberglass mold process begins with an object known as the plug or buck. This is an exact representation of the object to be made.  The plug can be made from a variety of materials, usually certain types of foam.  

After the plug has been formed, it is sprayed with a mold release agent. The release agent will allow the mold to be separated from the plug once it is finished. The mold release agent is a special wax, and/or PVA (Polyvinyl alcohol). Polyvinyl alcohol, however, is said to have negative effects on the final mold's surface finish. 

Once the plug has its release agent applied, gelcoat is applied with a roller, brush or specially-designed spray gun. The gelcoat is pigmented resin, and gives the mold surface a harder, more durable finish.

Once the release agent and gelcoat are applied, layers of fiberglass and resin are laid-up onto the surface. The fiberglass used will typically be identical to that which will be used in the final product. 

In the laying-up process, a layer of fiberglass mat is applied, and resin is applied over it. A special roller is then used to remove air bubbles. Air bubbles, if left in the curing resin, would significantly reduce the strength of the finished mold. The fiberglass spray lay-up process is also used to produce molds, and can provide good filling of corners and cavities where a glass mat or weave may prove to be too stiff.

Once the final layers of fiberglass are applied to the mold, the resin is allowed to set up and cure. Wedges are then driven between the plug and the mold in order to separate the two. 

Advanced techniques such as resin transfer molding are also used.

Making a component
The component-making process involves building up a component on the fiberglass mold. The mold is a negative image of the component to be made, so the fiberglass will be applied inside the mold, rather than around it.

As in the mold-making process, release agent is first applied to the mold. Colored gelcoat is then applied. Layers of fiberglass are then applied, using the same procedure as before. Once completed and cured, the component is separated from the mold using wedges, compressed air or both.

See also
 Fibre-reinforced plastic
 Glass-reinforced plastic
 Other types of mold processing

References 

Molding processes
Glass applications
Cytec Industries. Cytec Industries Incorporated, based in Woodland Park, New Jersey was a speciality chemicals and materials technology company with pro-forma sales in 2004, including the Surface Specialties acquisition, of approximately $3.0 billion. Cytec is a result of its spin-off from American Cyanamid Company.  It makes resins, plastics, and composite materials, especially for the aerospace industry and other users of specialty materials. It was listed in NYSE with stock symbol "CYT".

Cytec currently has about 3,600 employees in Europe, North and South America, Asia and Australia.

In December 2013, Cytec Industries has entered into a tactical partnership with Mubadala Development Company.

In July 2015, Solvay announced its intent to acquire Cytec for a purchase price of US$5.5 billion. In November 2015, Cytec Industries has obtain a shareholder's stake in Penso Holdings. In December 2015, Solvay successfully completed its acquisition of Cytec. Financing consists of the issuance of around €4.7 billion senior and hybrid bonds and the ongoing €1.5 billion right issue.

References

External links
 
 

Companies formerly listed on the New York Stock Exchange
Chemical companies of the United States
Companies based in Passaic County, New Jersey
Woodland Park, New Jersey
Companies based in Stamford, Connecticut
2015 mergers and acquisitions
American subsidiaries of foreign companies
Corporate spin-offs
John Vlissides. John Matthew Vlissides (August 2, 1961 – November 24, 2005) was a software engineer known mainly as one of the four authors (referred to as the Gang of Four) of the book Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software. Vlissides referred to himself as "#4 of the Gang of Four and wouldn't have it any other way".

Education and career
Vlissides studied electrical engineering at University of Virginia and Stanford University. Since 1986 he worked as software engineer, consultant, research assistant and scholar at Stanford University. From 1991 he stayed at IBM T.J. Watson Research Center in Hawthorne, New York as research staff member. He was author of several books, of many magazine articles and conference papers and was awarded with several patents. His work concentrated on object oriented technology, design patterns and software modeling.

Death
John Vlissides died on Thanksgiving 2005 (November 24, 2005) following a struggle with complications from a brain tumor. He was 44 years old.

Posthumous
Ward Cunningham and Grady Booch (on his blog entry of Nov 27, relaying a call from John Vlissides's widow, Dru Ann) have called for stories to remember him by. Since then, there has been a steady inflow of contributions located at the WikiWikiWeb page for Vlissides.

In recognition of the contributions to computer science that John Vlissides made during his lifetime, ACM SIGPLAN has established the John Vlissides Award. The award is presented annually to a doctoral student participating in the OOPSLA Doctoral Symposium showing significant promise in applied software research.

References

External links
 
 
  (PDF file)
 Obituary in Washington Post
 The wiki of John Vlissides

Engineers from New York (state)
American technology writers
IBM employees
Stanford University alumni
University of Virginia School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
Deaths from brain tumor
1961 births
2005 deaths
Place of birth missing
American writers of Greek descent
People from Hawthorne, New York
IBM Research computer scientists
20th-century American engineers
Dahl–Nygaard Prize
Glaser-Dirks DG-100. The Glaser-Dirks DG-100 is the first sailplane manufactured by Glaser-Dirks. It is a standard class glider designed by Wilhelm Dirks in 1974 and developed from the Akaflieg Darmstadt D-38.

Development
The first model had an all-flying tailplane, with anti-balance tabs along the entire trailing edges, and a two-piece canopy (movable and fixed parts), built of GFRP (glass-fibre reinforced plastic)/foam sandwich materials and resin impregnated rovings for high strength parts. Successive developments included the DG-100G, DG-101 and DG-101G.  Most models are available with water ballast bags in the wings.

The DG-101 and DG-101G had improvements such as a single-piece front-hinged canopy, improved crash resistant cockpit and a conventional tailplane (with fixed horizontal stabilizer and articulated elevator). There was also a club version of this sailplane with fixed landing gear. All models featured top-surface-only air brakes.

Some later models were also manufactured by the Elan company in Slovenia and can be identified by the word "ELAN" on the fuselage and rudder. The serial number of these gliders is prefixed with "E".

Although these gliders were designed in the 1970s, they are still popular in the Club class and remain competitive in Sports class contests (which are handicapped).

The wing's control surface hookups are non-automatic and utilize L'Hotellier fittings, which must be secured by a secondary means such as a safety pin, safety wire, Uerling Sleeve or Wedekind Sleeve (See this web page
for more details on this subject).

The Glaser-Dirks Company declared bankruptcy, after which the newly organized company DG Flugzeugbau GmbH assumed responsibility for servicing the gliders.

Variants
Akaflieg Darmstadt D-38
The prototype designed and built at Darmstadt University of Technology.
DG-100
The initial production version developed by Wilhelm Dirks.
DG-100G
Later production with a conventional tailplane and elevator in place of the all-flying tailplane.
DG-100 Club / Club DG
An unballasted, fixed gear version with a gross weight of 385 kg / 849 lb..
DG-101
The DG-101 introduced a one-piece full length canopy that opened forwards, but retaining the all-flying tail.
DG-101G
Ultimate production version with the one-piece canopy and the conventional tailplane with elevator.

Specifications (DG-100)

See also

References

Citations

Bibliography
Taylor, John W. R. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1982–83. London: Jane's Yearbooks, 1982.

External links

Akaflieg Darmstadt website
DG-Flugzeugbau DG-100 Technical Notes
Johnson R, An Flight Test Evaluation of the DG-101G, Soaring, May 1985
Sailplane Directory

1970s German sailplanes
DG Flugzeugbau aircraft
T-tail aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1974
Robert Garriott. Robert K. Garriott (born December 7, 1956) is an American video game industry figure and entrepreneur.  He co-founded Origin Systems and Destination Games with his brother, Richard Garriott, and was the CEO of NCsoft-North America from 2001 until 2008.  He is the second-eldest son of NASA astronaut Owen K. Garriott.

Garriott graduated from the MIT Sloan School of Management in 1983 with a Master of Science in Management and also earned degrees in Electrical Engineering from Rice University, and a master's degree in Engineering Economic Systems from Stanford University.

In 1983 he co-founded computer game developer Origin Systems with his younger brother Richard "Lord British" Garriott.  He was a vice president and later an executive vice president at Electronic Arts (EA) after the company acquired Origin in 1992.  Garriott left EA in 1995 and co-founded Destination Games in 2000. Destination was bought by NCsoft in 2001 and he became president and CEO of NCsoft-North America.

References

American video game businesspeople
American technology company founders
1956 births
Living people
Origin Systems people
MIT Sloan School of Management alumni
Rice University alumni
Stanford University alumni
20th-century American businesspeople
21st-century American businesspeople
Headwall. In physical geography and geology, the headwall of a glacial cirque is its highest cliff. The term has been more broadly used to describe similar geomorphic features of non-glacial origin consisting of a concave depression with convergent slopes typically of 65 percent or greater forming the upper end of a drainage valley.

In civil engineering, a headwall is a small retaining wall placed at the inlet or outlet of a stormwater pipe or culvert.

In medicine, a headwall is the wall at the head end of a hospital bedspace. The bed abuts this headwall perpendicularly, which is furnished with equipment such as regulators for supplemental oxygen, regulators for suction, suction canisters, connections for the call bell system, lighting, electrical outlets, and often a vital signs monitor.

References

Glaciology
ILIOS. ILIOS is an acronym of InterLink Internet Operating System. It is an attempt to create a router-only operating system; one specifically oriented towards computer networking purposes, especially routing. It supports IPv4 routing and is a good educational OS, though it is single tasking and does everything via interrupts.

It is released under the BSD License. The author of this research OS is Rink Springer, who is also responsible for porting FreeBSD to the Xbox.

External links 
ILIOS - Trac Rink Springer's website

Free software operating systems
Software using the BSD license
SERN. In rocketry, a SERN, which stands for single expansion ramp nozzle, is a type of physical linear expansion nozzle where the gas pressure transfers work only on one side.  Traditional nozzles are axially symmetric, and therefore surround the expanding gas.  Linear nozzles are not axially symmetric, but consist of a 2D configuration of two expansion ramps.  A SERN could also be seen as a single sided aerospike engine.

Many designs for space planes with scramjet engines make use of SERNs because of the weight reduction at large expansion ratios, or the additional lift at under-expansion.  The X-43, a test vehicle in NASA's Hyper-X programme, is a flying example.

One of the practical problems with the use of SERNs is the fact that they produce a pitching moment depending on the throttling of the engine, thereby requiring more control authority of the elevators, more complex control systems, etc.

References 

Nozzles
Rocket engines
M32R. The M32R is a 32-bit RISC instruction set architecture (ISA) developed by Mitsubishi Electric for embedded microprocessors and microcontrollers. The ISA is now owned by Renesas Electronics Corporation, and the company designs and fabricates M32R implementations. M32R processors are used in embedded systems such as Engine Control Units, digital cameras and PDAs. The ISA was supported by Linux and the GNU Compiler Collection but was dropped in Linux kernel version 4.16. GCC removed support for this architecture in the GCC 12.1 release.

References

External links
 M32R homepage
 Linux/M32R homepage
 Interface (CQ Publishing Co., Ltd.)

Computer-related introductions in 1997
Instruction set architectures
Renesas microcontrollers
Chaoite. Chaoite, or white carbon, is a mineral described as an allotrope of carbon whose existence is disputed. It was discovered in shock-fused graphite gneiss from the Ries crater in Bavaria. It has been described as slightly harder than graphite, with a reflection colour of grey to white. From its electron diffraction pattern, the mineral has been considered to have a carbyne structure, the linear acetylenic carbon allotrope of carbon. A later report has called this identification, and the very existence of carbyne phases, into question, arguing that the new reflections in the diffraction pattern are due to clay impurities.

Synthetic material
It has been claimed that an identical form can be prepared from graphite by sublimation at 2700-3000 K or by irradiating it with a laser in high vacuum. This substance has been termed ceraphite.

A review cautions that "in spite of these seemingly definitive reports … several other groups have tried unsuccessfully to reproduce these experiments. Independent confirmatory work is obviously needed … and at the present time white graphite appears to be the carbon analog of polywater".

Occurrence and discovery 
Chaoite was first described from Möttingen, Ries Crater, Nördlingen, Bavaria, Germany and approved by the IMA in 1969.  The mineral was named for USGS petrologist Edward C. T. Chao (1919-2008). At the type locality in Bavaria chaoite occurs in graphite bearing gneiss that has undergone shock metamorphism. It has also been reported from meteorites including the Goalpara meteorite in Assam, the Dyalpur meteorite in Uttar Pradesh in India and the Popigai impact structure in the Anabarskii massif of Eastern Siberia. Minerals associated with chaoite include: graphite, zircon, rutile, pseudobrookite, magnetite, nickeliferous pyrrhotite and baddeleyite.

See also
 Glossary of meteoritics

References

Further reading
Frans J. M. Rietmeijer and Alessandra Rotundi, Chapter 16. Natural Carbynes, Including Chaoite, on Earth, in Meteorites, Comets, Circumstellar and Interstellar Dust, in Polyynes: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications, Edited by Franco Cataldo, CRC Press 2005, Pages 339–370, Print  eBook  Contents link

Allotropes of carbon
Native element minerals
Meteorite minerals
Hexagonal minerals
Minerals in space group 191
Syntegra. Syntegra is a bogie developed by Siemens incorporating an axle mounted gearless electric drive in an inboard bogie.

The design was unveiled at Innotrans in 2006, and began service trials in 2008 on the Munich U-Bahn.

History and design
The motor design is a hermetically sealed simple co-axial gearless synchronous motor (a permanent magnet, three phase drive, passively cooled design); the motors can also be used for electrical dynamic braking, and also as an active electric brake. The wheelset bearings are mounted inboard and support both motor, axles and wheel. A traction link from motor to the vehicle frame transmits tractive forces.

The bogie frame has a single central cross member which supports via pivots two longitudinal beams (in a 'weighing scale' arrangement) connected to the wheelset via the primary suspension. The cross member supports the vehicle body via the secondary suspension of two outboard air springs.

In mid-2006 prototype motors rated , with claimed 96% efficiency, were fitted to an ex-Munich U-Bahn vehicle for testing at the Wegberg-Wildenrath test circuit. In 2008 a train fitted with two Syntegra bogies began in-service tests on the Munich U-Bahn.

A  prototype was displayed at Innotrans (2009), the prototype bogie weight was , with a  wheelbase and a maximum axleload of .

References

Literature

External links
 

Siemens products
Gearless electric drive
Bogie
XCircuit. XCircuit is a schematic capture program for drawing publication-quality VLSI electrical circuit schematic diagrams and related figures. It's part of the Open Circuit Design tools. It's primarily intended for ULSI/VLSI IC design and not for PCB design, the latter though is still possible. XCircuit regards circuits as inherently hierarchical and can save circuits both in PostScript (.ps) and Ngspice (.cir) netlists (hierarchical or flattened) file formats for further processing (e.g. for Layout vs. Schematic check). The program compiles PostScript files from special template-labels specified by user.

XCircuit allows components to be saved in and retrieved from editable libraries. XCircuit does not separate artistic expression from circuit drawing; it maintains flexibility in style without compromising the power of schematic capture.

It supports both Unix/X11 and Windows platforms. XCircuit doesn't support imports of any other file formats besides PostScript and SPICE.

History
XCircuit was written and is maintained by Tim Edwards, currently with Efabless Corp., formerly with the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Maryland. XCircuit was initially written in the summer of 1993 as a drawing program to render circuit diagrams for an undergraduate electrical engineering course in the Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering Part-time programs. Since then it has expanded to encompass schematic capture and is used by people all over the world for both presentations and as an EDA (Electronic Design Automation) tool.

PCB layout 
XCircuit doesn't provide PCB layout editing, instead this task can be accomplished by using gEDA PCB program that can use net-lists and other files from XCircuit.

File formats 

 .ps (PostScript), .cir (ngspice) - Import/Export
 .lps - Library in PostScript format (technology files)
 .jpg/.png - Import
 .txt
 EDIF - Import only
 .svg - Export only

See also

 Comparison of EDA software
 List of free electronics circuit simulators

References

External links
 

Free electronic design automation software
Free diagramming software
Electronic design automation software for Linux
Software that uses Tk (software)
American National Standards Institute Nanotechnology Panel. The American National Standards Institute–Nanotechnology Standards Panel (ANSI-NSP) enables stakeholders in nanotechnology to work together to coordinate the development of voluntary standards. Such standards include terminology and materials properties and measurement procedures to facilitate commercialization of applications and uses of nanotechnology. ANSI established the panel in August 2004, and membership is open to all parties interested in nanotechnology standards.

Objectives
Objectives of the ANSI-NSP include:

Providing a forum to define needs, determine work plans and establish priorities for updating standards or creating new standards.
Soliciting participation from sectors that have not traditionally participated in the voluntary standards system.
Facilitating the development and adoption of standards in the area of nanotechnology in general and nomenclature/terminology specifically.
Making available the results of the panel's work.

References

External links
 

Nanotechnology institutions
See Me (song). "See Me" is a single by Melanie Blatt written for the Robots movie. It peaked at #78 in the UK charts. The single was not released on the Robots soundtrack (making it a non-album single from Blatt), but used during the end credits of the film.

Music video
The video of the single includes footage from Robots that intercut to scenes of Melanie, on a black background, dressed in different outfits, including a white suit with the left side of herself covered in silver diamonds, representing a cyborg. She can also be seen singing in a ball chair or on a bed as scenes from the movie play within the surfaces.

Track listing

Song information

Charts

References

External links
 Official Melanie Blatt site
 Melanie Blatt - Love Sweet Love fan site

2005 singles
Melanie Blatt songs
2005 songs
Songs written by Stuart Zender
Industrial rock songs
Songs written by Melanie Blatt