omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Harding Frew. Alison Eavis Harding Frew  (1883-1952), known professionally as "Harding Frew", was an Australian civil engineer primarily concerned with engineering projects in Queensland, his home state.

Early life
Alison Eavis Harding Frew was born in 1883 in Roma, Queensland, the son of Robert Dickson Alison Frew (a civil engineer) and his wife Elizabeth Constance (née Harding). He was educated at Brisbane Grammar School and University of Sydney.

He married his cousin Beatrice Doris Harding in St John's Anglican Cathedral in Brisbane on Wednesday 13 September 1911.

Engineering career
Harding Frew began his career in the Queensland Railways Department in 1908. In 1911, he established a private practice where he focussed on municipal projects such as:
 wharves
 bridges
 electricity supplies
 water and sewerage services
He consulted to over 100 local government authorities in Queensland in addition to work in New South Wales and Victoria.

Projects

Harding Frew built over 80 bridges throughout Queensland, including:
William Jolly Bridge, Brisbane
Julibee Bridge, Innisfail
Granville Bridge, Maryborough
Caboolture Bridge
Hornibrook Bridge
Redcliffe Jetty
Innisfail City Plan

Outside of Queensland, he was involved in the construction of:
Pyrmount Power House, Sydney
Armidale Electricity System

He was responsible for water supply projects in:
 Atherton
 Emerald
 Mitchell
 Mackay

William Jolly Bridge

This is his most notable project. Erected as a series of bow-string sections it was either the fourth or sixth crossing of the river in Brisbane. Built of concrete sprayed  steel, (gunite), a Swiss system, and completed in 1932, it was renamed from the Grey Street Bridge to the William Jolly Bridge, in 1955, after an erstwhile Lord Mayor of Brisbane.

Later life
Harding Frew died at his home in Adamson Street, Eagle Junction on 4 July 1952; he was 69 years old.

References

External links 

Information on his life
The William Jolly Bridge
Innisfail City Plan

Australian civil engineers
1883 births
1952 deaths
People from Roma, Queensland
People educated at Brisbane Grammar School
Renewable polyethylene. Biopolyethylene (also known as renewable polyethylene) is polyethylene made out of ethanol, which becomes ethylene after a dehydration process. It can be made from various feedstocks including sugar cane, sugar beet, and wheat grain.

The final product is indistinguishable from conventional polyethylene (except by radiocarbon dating), and thus is recyclable in the same chain established for conventional PE.

The first plant
In 2007 an ethanol-based manufacturing plant, totally integrated from sugarcane to polyethylene, was announced by the Dow Chemical Company, in conjunction with Crystalsev, a large sugar and ethanol producer in Brazil. The plant was projected to produce 350 000 metric tonnes per year of renewable LLDPE (linear low-density polyethylene), would begin construction in 2008, and was slated to start production in 2011.

Benefits 
One of the main environmental benefits of Green PE is the sequestration of roughly 2.15 tonnes of  per tonne of Green Polyethylene produced, which comes from the  absorbed by the sugar cane while growing, minus the  emitted through the production process. Renewable polyethylene is non-biodegradable and can be recycled in the same waste streams as traditional polyethylenes (HDPE, LDPE, LLDPE) as it is chemically identical.

Disadvantages
Producing feedstock for biobased plastics relies upon intensive agriculture, potentially contributing to deforestation in order to clear land for agricultural use. Large-scale production of feedstock also requires inputs such as fossil fuels, fertilizers, and pesticides.

Production
Braskem is the world leader in the production of biopolymer, with the Green Polyethylene "I'm green™", a thermoplastic resin produced from ethylene made from sugarcane ethanol, a 100% renewable raw material which helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The production started in 2010 and is located in Triunfo, South of Brazil.

Today the Braskem industrial unit has an annual production capacity of 200 000 tonne of Green Polyethylene. Green PE has the same properties, performance, and application versatility as fossil-based polyethylene, which makes it a drop-in replacement in the plastic production chain. For these same reasons, it is also recyclable in the same recycling chain used by traditional polyethylene.
Because it is part of the portfolio of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) products, Green PE rapidly became an option for applications in rigid and flexible packaging, closures, bags, and other products. In January 2014, the family of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was added to the product portfolio, effectively covering additional applications in packaging and films.

References

Plastics
Lyapunov redesign. In nonlinear control, the technique of Lyapunov redesign refers to the design where a stabilizing state feedback controller can be constructed with knowledge of the Lyapunov function . Consider the system

where  is the state vector and  is the vector of inputs. The functions , , and  are defined for , where  is a domain that contains the origin. A nominal model for this system can be written as

and the control law

stabilizes the system. The design of  is called Lyapunov redesign.

Further reading 
 

Nonlinear control
Georgia Institute of Technology Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Machines. The Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Machines (IRIM@GT) is an interdisciplinary research unit at the Georgia Institute of Technology. The center was launched May, 2006, and consists of researchers from the School of Interactive Computing in the College of Computing, College of Engineering, and Georgia Tech Research Institute. IRIM@GT currently offers a Ph.D. program in robotics, the first truly multi-disciplinary program in the country after the one of Carnegie Mellon University.

Mission
"IRIM@Georgia Tech serves as the flagship for Georgia Tech's robotics efforts, coordinating the university's capabilities in this field under one roof." - Henrik Christensen, former director, distinguished professor and KUKA Chair of Robotics

The center activities has 3 focal points:
 Engineering research on core technologies and methods at a level that is recognized as world leading.
 An integrated Ph.D. program for education of a new generation of researchers that will take up positions at the best institutions and in the most influential companies worldwide. They will be recognized as the leading systems integrators for intelligent robot systems.
 Transfer of technology to real world applications that illustrate the value of new generations of robot systems.

History
IRIM@GT was launched May, 2006

Organization

Institutes
 Institute for Personal Robots in Education

Laboratories

 Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering. 
 Agricultural Technology Research Program, Georgia Tech Research Institute. 
 Biomedical Imaging Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering. 
 The BORG Lab, College of Computing. 
 Computational Perception Lab, College of Computing. 
 Contextual Computing Group, College of Computing. 
 Construction Resource Center, College of Architecture.
 Embedded and Autonomous Systems Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering. 
 Georgia Robotics and Intelligent Systems Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering. 
 Human Automation Systems Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering. 
 Intelligent Machines Dynamics Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering. 
 Laboratory for Neuroengineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering. 
 The Mobile Robot Lab, College of Computing. 
 Robotic Mechanisms Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering. 
 The Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Research Facility (UAV Lab), School of Aerospace Engineering. 
 Virtual Factory Laboratory, School of Industrial and Systems Engineering. 
 Human Vision Simulation Laboratory, Georgia Tech Research Institute.
 Socially Intelligent Machines Laboratory, College of Computing

References

External links
Georgia Institute of Technology Center for Robotics and Intelligent Machines

Center for Robotics and Intelligent Machines
Robotics organizations
Robotics in the United States
Project cargo. Project cargo is a term used to broadly describe the national or international transportation of large, heavy, high value or critical (to the project they are intended for) pieces of equipment. Also commonly referred to as Heavy lift.

Description 
This includes shipments made of various components which need disassembly for shipment and reassembly after delivery. 

Project cargo is also a term used in the international insurance industry to describe DSU (Delay in Start Up) Marine Insurance, a specialized form of Marine cargo insurance.

References 

Freight transport
Fujitsu's Application. Fujitsu's Application [1997] EWCA Civ 1174 is a 6 March 1997 judgment by the Court of Appeal of England and Wales. The judges' decision was to confirm the refusal of a patent by the United Kingdom Patent Office and by Mr Justice Laddie in the High Court. Lord Justice Aldous heard the appeal before the Court of Appeal.

Facts
Fujitsu's claimed invention was a new tool for modelling crystal structures on a computer. A scientist wishing to investigate what would result if he made a new material consisting of a combination of two existing compounds would enter data representing those compounds and how they should be joined into the computer. The computer then automatically generated and displayed the new structure using the data supplied. Previously, the same effect could only have been achieved by assembling plastic models by hand - a time-consuming task.

Discussion
 UK courts should look to the decisions of the European Patent Office for guidance in interpreting the exclusions.
 A "technical contribution" is needed to make a potentially excluded thing patentable, proclaiming that this was a concept at the heart of patent law and referring to the European Patent Office's decision in T 208/84, VICOM.
 There is a difficulty inherent in determining what is and is not "technical", such that each case should be decided on its own facts.
 The substance of an invention should be used to assess whether or not a thing is patentable, not the form in which it is claimed. Thus a non-patentable method cannot be patented under the guise of an apparatus.

Judgment
The claimed invention was certainly a useful tool. However, as claimed, the invention was nothing more than a conventional computer which automatically displayed a crystal structure shown pictorially in a form that would in the past have been produced as a model. The only advance expressed in the claims was the computer program which enabled the combined structure to be portrayed more quickly. The new tool therefore provided nothing that went beyond the normal advantages that are obtained by the use of a computer program. Thus, there was no technical contribution and the application was rejected as being a computer program as such.

See also 
List of judgments of the UK Courts relating to excluded subject matter
Software patents under United Kingdom patent law
Software patents under the European Patent Convention

References

External links
Software Patents After Fujitsu. New Directions or (another) Missed Opportunity?
 Is the extension of the patent system to include software related inventions desirable? 
 A STEP FORWARD: EXCLUDING 'TECHNICAL' FROM THE TEST FOR PATENTABLE SUBJECT MATTER
 Inherent Patentability as related to computer software written after High Court judgment but before Court of Appeal had issued their judgment
 Sviluppo Web ed eCommerce
 Digital Marketing ed eCommerce 

Software patent case law
United Kingdom patent case law
Court of Appeal (England and Wales) cases
1997 in United Kingdom case law
1997 in British law
Fujitsu
Fitzpatrick Building. The Fitzpatrick Building in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States, is an 1890 Queen Anne style commercial building featuring corner turret and pressed-metal relief. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

The Fitzpatrick building was built and designed in 1890 by developer Thomas Fitzpatrick. Known more recently as the Viking Apartments, the building housed low income tenants until being sold in the Spring of 2019 to CCI Properties, who will undertake full restoration of the building into a mixture of affordable and market-rate housing in early 2020. Other upgrades will include a sprinkler system, new electrical systems and restoration of the building's original conical turret.

References

1890s architecture in the United States
National Register of Historic Places in Saint Paul, Minnesota
Commercial buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Minnesota
Queen Anne architecture in Minnesota
Speech interface guideline. Speech interface guideline is a guideline with the aim for guiding decisions and criteria regarding designing interfaces operated by human voice. Speech interface system has many advantages such as consistent service and saving cost. However, for users, listening is a difficult task. It can become impossible when too many options are provided at once. This may mean that a user cannot intuitively reach a decision. To avoid this problem, limit options and a few clear choices the developer should consider such difficulties are usually provided. The guideline suggests the solution which is able to satisfy the users (customers). The goal of the guideline is to make an automated transaction at least as attractive and efficient as interacting with an attendant.

Examples of common design guideline 
The following guideline is given by the Lucent Technologies (now Alcatel-Lucent USA) CONVERSANT System Version 6.0 Application Design Guidelines
 Know Your Callers
 Use Simple and Natural Dialogue
 Minimize Demands on the Caller’s Memory
 Be Consistent
 Provide Feedback
 Provide Easy Exits
 Offer Shortcuts
 Allow Time for Caller Responses
 When Caller Errors Occur

See also
Human-computer interaction
Human interface guidelines
Speech processing
Speech recognition
Speech technology

References

External links
 Speech Interface Guidelines Alexander I. Rudnicky, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University
 School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University 
 Voice User Interface Design VUI

Speech processing
Granville Gee Bee Sportster. The Gee Bee Sportster was a family of sports aircraft built in the United States in the early 1930s by the Granville Brothers. They were low-wing strut- and wire-braced monoplanes of conventional, if short-coupled, design, with open cockpits and fixed, tailskid undercarriage.

History
The prototype of the small series, designated Model X was built to compete in the 1930 All-American Flying Derby sponsored by the Cirrus Engine Company. The Model X, piloted by Lowell Bayles placed second in the race from Detroit to San Francisco and back, averaging 116.4 mph (186.7 km/h) over the 5,541 mile (8,887 km) distance. Bayles used his share of the $7,000 prize money to purchase the aircraft. The same year, two generally similar aircraft were built, one Model B and one Model C. These differed from the Model X by having landing gear that incorporated shock absorbers, as opposed to the Model X's rigid landing gear that relied on its tires for shock absorption; but while the Model B had a similar Cirrus engine to the Model X, the Model C was fitted with a Menasco B-4.

The Models X, A, and B were granted only restricted registrations by the Department of Commerce, meaning that they could be flown under very specific conditions and only in specific places. In order to obtain unrestricted certification, Granville Brothers produced a revised version called the Model D, the most significant difference being a redesigned and larger tail fin. A similar fin was later fitted to the Model C, enabling it to also gain an unrestricted registration. The sole example of the Model D built was flown in competition at the Cleveland air races of 1931, where Bob Hall won the Williams Trophy with it, and Mary Haizlip placed second in two of the women's events.

The definitive member of the Sportster family was the Model E, which was fitted with a Warner Scarab radial engine in place of the inline engines used on the previous models. Four of these aircraft were built, and it was in one of them that Zantford Granville was killed in February 1934, attempting to land after an engine failure while avoiding people working on the runway below.

Variants
 Model X - ACE Ensign engine, rigid main undercarriage (one built)
 Model B - ACE Ensign engine, shock absorbers (one built)
 Model C - Menasco B-4 engine (one built)
 Model D - Menasco C-4 engine, larger fin (one built)
 Model E - Warner Scarab engine (four built)
 Model F - Model X re-engined with a Fairchild 6-390 (one converted)

Specifications (Model E)

References

 
 Holcomb's Aerodrome
 aerofiles.com
  The Golden Age of Aviation
 ALLSTAR 

1930s United States sport aircraft
Granville Brothers aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1930
EMD GM10B. The GM10B was a solitary electric testbed locomotive with a power output of  which was intended for use on high-speed freight services on the Northeast Corridor. Built by American locomotive builder Electro-Motive Division (EMD) at its La Grange, Illinois, plant in collaboration with ASEA of Sweden.  It entered service with Penn Central in August 1976 and featured a B-B-B wheel arrangement, a first for the North American  market, while having a high proportion of Swedish built components and design features created by ASEA.

History
At the time of its conception in 1976, high oil prices had a number of large US railroads contemplating electrification of their most heavily used lines while at the same time the only major US railroad with freight-hauling electrification, the Penn Central, had a fleet of aging locomotives which were in need of replacement.

As a result, EMD, in conjunction with ASEA, developed the GM10B to provide motive power for high-speed freight trains while at the same time developing the similar GM6C for slow drag freight services. However, after the introduction of the  locomotives circumstances changed as the oil prices declined, which wiped out the interest freight railroads had in electrification, all while diesel locomotive power and adhesion were improved.

Meanwhile, the bankruptcy of Penn Central led to the division of the railroad's physical plant between Amtrak, which inherited much of the electrified region, and Conrail.  Increased access charges on the part of Amtrak led to Conrail ceasing electric operations in 1982, dismantling the electrification on its lines and avoiding Amtrak-owned rails. Due to this the two locomotives became surplus to operational requirements and were returned to EMD, remaining in the yard at the LaGrange plant until both were scrapped in the mid-1980s.

See also
 EMD GM6C - similar American electric locomotive using a C-C wheel arrangement also by EMD
 GMD GF6C - similar electric locomotive by EMD's Canadian subsidiary

References

GM10B
Bo-Bo-Bo locomotives
11 kV AC locomotives
25 kV AC locomotives
50 kV AC locomotives
Experimental locomotives
Electric locomotives of the United States
Standard gauge locomotives of the United States
Railway locomotives introduced in 1976
Freight locomotives
Rutherford + Chekene. Rutherford + Chekene is a structural and geotechnical engineering firm in California specializing in new design and retrofit of structures for clients in sectors that include healthcare, higher education, corporate, research and development, art and education, and technology.

Rutherford + Chekene began implementing 3-D modeling to produce building information models (BIM) in 2005. R+C has developed more than $3 billion in construction using BIM created with Revit, Tekla and other software.

History 
Rutherford + Chekene was founded in San Francisco in 1960 by two structural engineers, John Rutherford and Constantine Chekene. John served as the company’s first president, and in 1975, Constantine Chekene succeeded John as President.

Notable projects
Bakar Precision Cancer Medicine Building, San Francisco
Structural engineer of record for the new Jan Shrem and Maria Manetti Shrem Museum of Art at UC Davis
Seismic consulting for bridging documents and structural and geotechnical peer review of the San Francisco International Airport Air Traffic Control Tower
UCSF Smith Cardiovascular Research Building at Mission Bay
UC Merced Science and Engineering Building 2, Merced
New Exploratorium, San Francisco
UC Berkeley Boalt Hall Law Library, Berkeley
UC Davis Gallagher Hall and Conference Center for the UC Davis Graduate School of Management, Davis
Designing for Wind Loads on Solar Arrays, California
De Young Museum, San Francisco
Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey
Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing
Renovation and expansion of the UC Santa Cruz McHenry Library, Santa Cruz
Genentech Hall, QB3, and hospital at the UCSF Mission Bay campus
Pixar Animation Studios, Emeryville
California Strong Motion Instrumentation Program (CSMIP) Study
Geotechnical engineer of record for the California Academy of Sciences in Golden Gate Park
Seismic consulting after the 2011 Christchurch earthquake, New Zealand

References

King, John. "Davis: Design chosen for Shrem art museum", San Francisco Chronicle, May 2013.
Young, Eric. "Rehab/renovation: The Exploratorium at Pier 15," San Francisco Business Times, March 2013.
Rauber, Chris. "Finalist / best health: Mills-Peninsula Medical Center," San Francisco Business Times, March 2012.
Gonchar, Joann. "One Project, but Many Seismic Solutions", Architectural Record. 
Talarico, Wendy. "Seismic Systems that Stand Up to Nature", Architectural Record, February 2000.

Engineering companies of the United States
Business services companies of the United States
Companies based in San Francisco
Design companies established in 1960
1960 establishments in California
Harkness Hornet. The Harkness Hornet was a four-cylinder inline, water-cooled aircraft engine produced in Australia in the 1920s. It used a cylinder bank from a Hispano-Suiza 8 attached to a crankcase of local design.

With a bore of  and a stroke of , power was  at 2,000 rpm.

References

External links
 Powerhouse Museum

1920s aircraft piston engines