omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Driller (oil). The Driller is a team leader in charge during the process of well drilling. The term is commonly used in the context of an oil well drilling rig. Driller comes after the Toolpusher in the Rig crew hierarchy. Toolpusher takes the operation orders from the Company-man. Toolpusher then supervises these order to the driller and the rest of the drilling crew and gets the job done. While Toolpusher, driller and the drilling crew generally belong to the Drilling contractor company, Company-man is the employee of the operator company.

The driller is in charge of the crew, and running the rig itself. Most of the time, his or her job is simply to monitor the rig's activity, while the automatic driller runs the breaks and drills the hole. The driller is responsible for interpreting the signals the well gives regarding gas and fluids with high pressure. In an emergency he is also responsible for taking the correct counter measures to stop an uncontrolled well control situation from emerging. The driller will watch for gas levels coming out of the hole, how much drilling mud is going in, and other information. While tripping, the driller will run the floor and work the rig.

While Company-man takes all the decision on the rig (after consulting the supervisors in the office), but at times of emergency the driller will be the one in charge of real time decisions. According to and, the hierarchy on an oil platform corresponds to the timescale of which the sections operate. The automatic drilling equipment work on the timescale of seconds and both reports to and gets its orders from the driller, who operates on a timescale of several seconds to hours. The person will report and gets his or her orders from those planning the current drilling operation, on a timescale of days and weeks.  The chain extends to those who are in charge of managing the whole oil field, on a timescale of decades.

See also
 International Drillers (Canada)

References

Petroleum production
Oilfield terminology
Resource extraction occupations
High Alpha Research Vehicle. The High Alpha Research Vehicle is a modified American McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet used by NASA in a three-phase program investigating controlled flight at high alpha (angle of attack) using thrust vectoring, modifications to the flight controls, and with actuated forebody strakes. The program lasted from April 1987 to September 1996.

NASA reported that in one phase of the project, Armstrong Flight Research Center "research pilots William H. "Bill" Dana and Ed Schneider completed the envelope expansion flights in February 1992. Demonstrated capabilities included stable flight at approximately 70 degrees angle of attack (previous maximum was 55 degrees) and rolling at high rates at 65 degrees angle of attack. Controlled rolling would have been nearly impossible above 35 degrees without vectoring." Performance figures were not listed for other phases.

The aircraft is now on display at the Virginia Air and Space Center in Hampton, Virginia.

See also
 List of experimental aircraft
 List of military aircraft of the United States
 Boeing X-53 Active Aeroelastic Wing

References

Further reading

 
 

1980s United States experimental aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1987
McDonnell Douglas aircraft
Mid-wing aircraft
NASA aircraft
Twinjets
Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear
Jansen AG. Jansen AG is a family-owned company that develops, manufactures and distributes steel profile systems for windows, doors and facades as well as plastic products for the construction industry. It was founded by Josef Jansen in 1923, starting with 6 employees.

The company started producing steel pipes in 1930. In 1955, plastic tubes were added to the range of products. Today, the plastic product portfolio includes systems for geothermal energy, building technology and piping systems. In 1997, a first new production site outside Switzerland was established in Dingelstädt, Germany. In 2021, Jansen AG decided to focus on steel products for windows, doors and facades, spinning-off its supplies for the automotive industry to Mubea.     
 
As the exclusive licensee of Schüco in Switzerland and Liechtenstein, Jansen also offers architects and processors solutions made of aluminium. 

In 2023, Jansen AG acquired Rino Weder AG, a company located in Oberriet SG as well. Through this acquisition, powder coating technology was added to its capabilities. 

Jansen AG was able to celebrate its 100-years anniversary in 2023.    

Since its beginning, the Jansen Group is 100% family-owned and employs 2024 around 600 people internationally.

Awards 
 2019: European Geothermal Innovation Award
 2013: Preis der Rheinthaler Wirtschaft

References

External links

 Jansen AG
  

Manufacturing companies of Switzerland
Aluminium companies of Switzerland
Companies based in the canton of St. Gallen
Swiss companies established in 1923
Manufacturing companies established in 1923
G-class frigate. The G class (Turkish: Gabya sınıfı fırkateyn(ler)) is one of the frigate classes of the Turkish Navy. They are extensively modernized versions of ex- guided-missile frigates of the US Navy, mainly designed for air defense with a weapons configuration that is optimized for general warfare.

Modernization
The G-class frigates have undergone a major modernization program which included the retrofitting of a Turkish digital combat management system named GENESIS (Gemi Entegre Savaş İdare Sistemi). The system was designed and implemented jointly by the Turkish Navy and HAVELSAN, a Turkish electronic hardware systems and software company. The first GENESIS upgraded ship was delivered in 2007, and the last delivery is scheduled for 2011.

The GENESIS advanced combat management system includes the following characteristics and abilities:
 A modern and reliable system
 High performance
 Open architecture
 Capacity of tracking more than 1,000 tactical targets
 Modern digital sensor data fusion
 Automatic threat evaluation
 Weapon engagement opportunities
 Link-16/22 system integration

The modernization program also includes:
 The addition of an 8-cell Mk-41 VLS for Evolved Sea Sparrow, including the upgrade of the Mk-92 fire control system by Lockheed Martin
 The retrofitting of a new advanced SMART-S Mk2 3D air search radar to replace AN/SPS-49 
 The addition of a new long range sonar

The Mk-41 vertical launching system (VLS) has been fitted in front of the Mk.13 launcher, similar to their installation on the s of the Royal Australian Navy, which are Australian-built derivatives of the Oliver Hazard Perry-class frigates. TCG Gediz became the first ship in the class to receive the Mk 41 VLS installation.

The "short hull" ex-Perry class frigates that are currently being operated by the Turkish Navy were modified with the ASIST landing platform system at the Istanbul Naval Shipyard, so that they can accommodate the S-70B Seahawk helicopter.

Ships
 TCG Gaziantep (F 490) ex-
  ex-
  ex-
 TCG Gelibolu (F 493) ex-
 TCG Gökçeada (F 494) ex-
 TCG Gediz (F 495) ex-
 TCG Gökova (F 496) ex-
  ex-

In addition, the ex- was sold to the Turkish Navy as a parts hulk.

See also
List of major surface ships of the Turkish Navy

References

External links

Official Turkish Navy Website 
Turkish Navy
Turkishnavy.net: First Turkish Perry with the Mk-41 VLS

 
Frigate classes
Rubylith. Rubylith is a brand of masking film, invented and trademarked by the Ulano Corporation. Today the brand has become genericized to the point that it has become synonymous with all coloured masking films.

Rubylith consists of two films sandwiched together. The bottom layer is a clear polyester backing sheet; the top layer is a translucent, red-(ruby-)coloured sheet. The top layer can be cut and peeled away from the bottom layer.  The top layer's colour is light-safe for orthochromatic films (which are sensitive to blue and green light but insensitive to red light).

Rubylith is used in many areas of graphic design, typically to produce masks for various printing techniques. For example it is often used to mask off areas of a design when using a photoresist to produce printing plates for offset lithography or gravure. It is also frequently used during screen-printing.

Ulano also produced a yellow-(amber-)coloured masking film called Amberlith that was light-safe only for blue-sensitive emulsions. They discontinued production in late 2007.

Typeface production 

Letraset, and other typeface foundries that used photographic reproduction, used Rubylith cut by hand with knives to produce primary art that was then photographically reduced to make the final dry-transfer typeface products. The process is described by Freda Sack in an interview with Unit Editions..

VLSI production 

Rubylith was used in the early days of semiconductors and integrated circuits manufacturing as stencils to make photomasks (reticles). The physical layouts of the first generations of Intel microprocessors were first hand drawn on graph paper. A technician would then use a coordinatograph to precisely cut the rubylith (laminated onto a transparent plastic such as mylar) and a knife (X-Acto) to peel the appropriate sections away while it was resting on the light table.  The finished Rubylith mechanical masters were then photo reduced (onto a photographic film) up to 100 times and then step and repeated on to glass plates for production use. Usually, several such masks were made that were then used layer by layer.

Shortly after the 8008, Intel started using Calma's computer-aided design system that ran on a Data General minicomputer; the output masters may have stayed Rubylith for a time, but other output options became available. Bell Telephone Laboratories, for example, had a high-resolution photoplotter. The integrated circuit industry left Rubylith behind for technologies that were more efficient.

Certain digital image editing programs that have masking features may use a red overlay to designate masked areas, mimicking the use of actual Rubylith film.

Manufacturing 

Intel
 For about ten years since 1968 engineers at Intel used manually drawn rubylith schematics to produce its first line of products: SRAM, DRAM, and EPROM memory; notable chips produced by using rubylith include:
 Intel 3101, first Intel product, a SRAM device
 Intel 4004
Intel 8008 (née 1201)
Intel 8080
Intel 8085
Intel 8086
Zilog
Z80
MOS Technology
MOS 6502 (layout by Bill Mensch)

Notes

See also 

 Now the Chips Are Down

References

External links

Graphic design
Patrick Experton. Patrick Experton was a test pilot who worked for the French aerospace company Dassault Aviation from 1978 until his retirement in 2002.

Biography 

A graduate of the French Air Force Academy Class of 1962, Patrick Experton was first assigned to the EC Roussillon flying Mirage IIIE aircraft, then to the EC Alsace in Dijon, also flying Mirage III. He was then transferred to the CEV (Centre D'essais en Vol) in Istres, and subsequently to the USAF Test Pilot School at Edwards AFB, California in the mid-1970s, becoming the first French pilot to fly the F-15A Eagle. At the time, the Giscard d'Estaing administration was considering an order for two wings of F-15s; the order however never materialized and instead lead to the development of the Mirage 4000.  He then returned to France to Istres AB with the CEV where he conducted spin trials for the newly acquired Mirage F-1C. He then commanded the EC 3/30 Lorraine squadron from 1976 to 1978 operating out of Reims AB, also one of the first unit equipped with the aircraft.
Dassault Aviation hired him as a test pilot in 1978, and he assumed the lead role in the development of the Alpha Jet trainer aircraft, variants of the Mirage F-1 such as the CR reconnaissance version, as well as the Mirage 50 (first flight May 1979).
He was the lead test pilot for the Mirage IIING from 1982 to 1984 (first flight December 1982). The aircraft was an attempt by Dassault to maintain its market share with existing Mirage III customers. The project however never gained sufficient traction to clinch any significant domestic or foreign air force orders.

From the mid-1980s onwards, he became closely involved with the development of the newly acquired Mirage 2000 FBW aircraft. His most significant contribution to the program was his critical lead role in the design of the Mirage 2000-5 variant. The 2000-5 is a significantly improved version of the 2000C/RDI aircraft, with superior engine performance, weapon and sensor systems.
In the mid-1990s, he switched to the business aircraft side of Dassault Aviation, leading several test programs such as the Dassault Falcon 900 and Falcon 900EX, and working on the development of the Falcon Jets next generation avionics systems. Throughout his career, and into retirement, Patrick Experton has maintained strong ties with the US flight testing community and with the Society of Experimental Test Pilots (SETP) in particular.

References 

French test pilots
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Special Metals Corporation. Special Metals Corporation (SMC) is an American supplier of special refractory alloys and is headquartered in New Hartford, New York, United States. The company has operations in Perth, Western Australia; Albury, New South Wales;Huntington, West Virginia; Dunkirk, New York; Burnaugh, Kentucky; Elkhart, Indiana and Hereford, England.
 
SMC's trademarks include Inconel, Incoloy, Monel, Nimonic, and Udimet.

History
"In 1952, a predecessor of Special Metals pioneered the melting technology that led to the practical development of the superalloys that are the critical materials used in the 'hot' section of modern jet engines."

At year end of 1996, SMC had "45 million pounds of vacuum induction melting capacity", 590 employees, was incorporated in Delaware and was managed by Don Muzyka.

SMC acquired Inco Alloys International from Inco in 1998 at the same time as it sold US$125 million of preferred stock to Titanium Metals Corporation.

In 2006, Special Metals was acquired by Precision Castparts Corp. of Portland, Oregon, US.

SMC is now ultimately owned by Berkshire Hathaway as a result of the latter company's acquisition of Precision Castparts in January 2016.<ref name="news">

References

External links

Precision Metal Stamping
Special Metals Wiggin Official UK website

Nickel
Nickel alloys
Berkshire Hathaway
American corporate subsidiaries
Metal companies of the United States
Manufacturing companies based in West Virginia
Manufacturing companies based in New York (state)
2006 mergers and acquisitions
ReaxFF. ReaxFF (for “reactive force field”) is a bond order-based force field developed by Adri van Duin, William A. Goddard, III, and co-workers at the California Institute of Technology.  One of its applications is molecular dynamics simulations. Whereas traditional force fields are unable to model chemical reactions because
of the requirement of breaking and forming bonds (a force field's functional form depends on having all bonds defined
explicitly), ReaxFF eschews explicit bonds in favor of bond orders, which allows for continuous bond formation/breaking. ReaxFF aims to be as general as possible and has been parameterized and tested for hydrocarbon reactions, alkoxysilane gelation, transition-metal-catalyzed nanotube formation, and many advanced material applications such as Li ion batteries, TiO2, polymers, and high-energy materials.

To be able to deal with bond breaking and formation whilst having only 1 single atom type for each element, ReaxFF is a fairly complex force field with many parameters. Therefore an extensive training set is necessary covering the relevant chemical phase space, including bond and angle stretches, activation and reaction energies, equation of state, surface energies, and much more. Usually, but not necessarily, the training data is generated with electronic structure methods. In practice, often DFT calculations are used as a pragmatic approach, especially since more accurate functionals are available.
For the parameterization of such a complex force field, global optimization techniques offer the best chance to get a parameter set that most closely describes the training data.

References

External links
Adri van Duin's Website
 ReaxFF in LAMMPS
ReaxFF in the Amsterdam Modeling Suite
ReaxFF in PuReMD (Purdue Reactive MD) suite

Force fields (chemistry)
Screenless video. Screenless video is any system for transmitting visual information from a video source without the use of a screen. Screenless computing systems can be divided into three groups: Visual Image, Retinal Direct, and Synaptic Interface.

Visual image 

Visual Image screenless display includes any  image that the eye can perceive. The most common example of Visual Image screenless display is a hologram. In these cases, light is reflected off some intermediate object (hologram, LCD panel, or cockpit window) before it reaches the retina. In the case of LCD panels the light is refracted from the back of the panel, but is nonetheless a reflected source. Google has proposed a similar system to replace the screens of tablet computers and smartphones.

Retinal display 

Virtual retinal display systems are a class of screenless displays in which images are projected directly onto the retina. They are distinguished from visual image systems because light is not reflected from some intermediate object onto the retina, it is instead projected directly onto the retina. Retinal Direct systems, once marketed, hold out the promise of extreme privacy when computing work is done in public places because most snooping relies on viewing the same light as the person who is legitimately viewing the screen, and retinal direct systems send light only into the pupils of their intended viewer.

Synaptic interface 

Synaptic Interface screenless video does not use light at all. Visual information completely bypasses the eye and is transmitted directly to the brain. While such systems have only been implemented in humans in rudimentary form - for example, displaying single Braille characters to blind people – success has been achieved in sampling usable video signals from the biological eyes of a living horseshoe crab through their optic nerves, and in sending video signals from electronic cameras into the creatures' brains using the same method.

See also
 Volumetric display
 Fog display
 Augmented reality

References 

Display technology
Virtual reality
User interfaces
Computer graphics
Computer output devices
Karl Rabe. Karl Rabe (29 October 1895 – 28 October 1968) was an automobile designer and was the Chief Designer at Porsche.  He helped Ferdinand Porsche to develop the Porsche's transmissions. He was born in Pottendorf, Austria.

References

1895 births
1968 deaths
Austrian automobile designers
Austrian automotive engineers
Porsche people
People from Baden District, Austria
List of aircraft engines used by the Imperial Japanese Army Air Service. This is a list of aircraft engines used by the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force.

Foreign aircraft engines 
Engines acquired before the conflict, provided from Axis allies, or captured during the war.

 ADC Cirrus Hermes IV (130 hp)
 Allison V-1710-39 (1,150 hp)
 Argus As 10C (240 hp)
 Argus As 109-014 (300 kg thrust)
 Armstrong Siddeley Jaguar IVC (400 hp)
 BMW VI (750 hp)
 BMW IX (500-800 hp)
 BMW 132E (660 hp)
 BMW 132K (900 hp)
 BMW 801D-2 (1,700 hp)
 BMW 801E (1,900 hp)
 BMW 109-003E-1 (800 kg thrust)
 BMW 109-003E-2 (800 kg thrust)
 Bramo 323R-2 Fafnir (1,200 hp)
 Bristol Jupiter VI (390 hp)
 Bristol Jupiter VII (500 hp)
 Bristol Mercury VIS2 (640 hp)
 Daimler-Benz DB 600G (960 hp)
 Daimler-Benz DB601 Modified Water Cooled Engine (1,550 hp)
 Daimler-Benz DB 601Aa (1,175 hp)
 Daimler Benz DB 601F (1,350 hp)
 Fiat A.80 R.C.41 (1,000 hp)
 Hirth HM 504A-2 (105 hp)
 Hirth HM 508H (240 hp)
 Hispano-Suiza 12Xcrs (690 hp)
 Junkers Jumo 205C-4 (660 hp)
 Junkers Jumo 210C (600 hp)
 Junkers Jumo 210Ca (640 hp)
 Junkers Jumo 210G (700 hp)
 Junkers Jumo 210Ea (680 hp)
 Junkers L5 (280 hp)
 Klimov M-103 (960 hp)
 Klimov M-105PF (1,210 hp)
 Lorraine-Dietrich 12Eb (450 hp)
 Lorraine 12Hfrs Petrel (780 hp)
 Lorraine 12Hgrs Petrel (780 hp)
 Menasco L-365-1 (125 hp)
 Pratt & Whitney R-1690-C (600 hp)
 Pratt & Whitney R-1830-92 (1,200 hp)
 Pratt & Whitney R-2800-10 of (2,000 hp)
 Rolls-Royce Kestrel V (608 hp)
 Shvetsov M-25V (750 hp)
 Shvetsov M-62 (1,000 hp)
 Shvetsov M-62R (1,000 hp)
 Wright SGR-1820-F52 (760 hp)
 Wright R-1820-102 (900 hp)
 Wright R-1820-G2 Cyclone (850 hp)
 Wright R-1820-G3B (900 hp)
 Wright R-1820 Cyclone 9 (1,200 hp)
 Wright R-1820-40 (1,200 hp)
 Wright R-1820-44 (1,000 hp)
 Wright SGR-1820-F52 (760 hp)
 Wright R-3350-23 Cyclone 18 (2,000 hp)

Japanese aero-engine designations

See also 
 Japanese aircraft engine identification systems
 List of aircraft engines

References

Japan
Aircraft engines
Extrusion detection. Extrusion detection or outbound intrusion detection is a branch of intrusion detection aimed at developing mechanisms to identify successful and unsuccessful attempts to use the resources of a computer system to compromise other systems. Extrusion detection techniques focus primarily on the analysis of system activity and outbound traffic in order to detect malicious users, malware or network traffic that may pose a threat to the security of neighboring systems.

While intrusion detection is mostly concerned about the identification of incoming attacks (intrusion attempts), extrusion detection systems try to prevent attacks from being launched in the first place. They implement monitoring controls at leaf nodes of the network—rather than concentrating them at choke points, e.g., routers—in order to distribute the inspection workload and to take advantage of the visibility a system has of its own state. The ultimate goal of extrusion detection is to identify attack attempts launched from an already compromised system in order to prevent them from reaching their target, hereby containing the impact of the threat.

External links 
 "Stopping Spam by Extrusion Detection"
 "Outbound Intrusion Detection"

Data security
Arylide yellow. Arylide yellow, also known as Hansa yellow and monoazo yellow, is a family of organic compounds used as pigments. They are primarily used as industrial colorants including plastics, building paints and inks. They are also used in artistic oil paints, acrylics and watercolors. These pigments are usually semi-transparent and range from orange-yellow to yellow-greens.  Related organic pigments are the diarylide pigments. Overall, these pigments have partially displaced the toxic cadmium yellow in the marketplace. Painters such as Alexander Calder and Jackson Pollock are known to have employed arylide yellow in their artworks.

Production
The compound is obtained by azo coupling of aniline and acetoacetanilide or their derivatives. The class of compounds was discovered in Germany in 1909.  The initially formed diazo compound tautomerizes to give a ketohydrazone, which features extended pi-conjugation.

Examples
Members of this class include:
Pigment Yellow 6 (CAS# 2512-29-0), derived from 2-nitrotoluene (diazonium precursor) and aniline (acetoacetanilide precursor) to produce medium yellows.
Pigment Yellow 3, derived from 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline (diazonium precursor) and 2-chloroaniline (acetoacetanilide precursor) to produce greenish-yellows.
Pigment Yellow 61 a lake pigment
Pigment Yellow 74, derived from 2-methoxy-4-nitroaniline (diazonium precursor) and 2-methoxyaniline (acetoacetanilide precursor) to produce greenish-yellows.
Pigment Yellow 97, which contains the phenylaminosulfonyl substituent, which confers particularly high fastness.

Artists Pigments 
Several monoazo yellows are used as artists' pigments, frequently marketed under the names 'Hansa' or Arylide. These include:
 PY1
 PY2
 PY3 Hansa Yellow Light or Lemon Yellow
 PY4
 PY5
 PY6
 PY10
 PY60
 PY65 Hansa Yellow Deep or Indian Yellow
 PY74 Hansa Yellow Medium or Primary Yellow
 PY82
 PY97 Hansa Yellow Medium or Hansa Yellow Deep

See also
List of colors

References

Microstructural Characteristics of Paint Pigments
A Deep Technical Insight On Arylide Yellow Organic Pigments
Arylide Yellow GY - Pigment Yellow 74 Industries Details

 
Shades of yellow