omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Guang Gong. Guang Gong (born 1956) studied applied math  whose research topics include lightweight cryptography and algebraic coding theory for wireless communication. Educated in Sichuan China, she works at the University of Waterloo in Canada as a professor in the department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and University Research Chair.

Education
After a 2-year program at Xichang Normal Vocational School, Gong was given a master's degree in applied mathematics in 1985 at the Northwest Institute of Telecommunication Engineering, now Xidian University. She completed her PhD in 1990 at the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China.

She was a postdoctoral researcher with the Fondazione Ugo Bordoni in Italy. From 1996 to 1998 she was affiliated working with Solomon W. Golomb. She moved to the University of Waterloo as an adjunct and later associate professor, and has been full professor there since 2004. She was given a University Research Chair in 2018.

Books
Gong's books include:
Signal Design for Good Correlation: For Wireless Communication, Cryptography and Radar (with Solomon W. Golomb, Cambridge University Press, 2005)
Communication System Security (with Lidong Chen, CRC Press, 2012)
The Wisdom Of Solomon: The Genius And Legacy Of Solomon Golomb (edited with Beatrice Golomb and Alfred W. Hales, World Scientific, 2023)

Recognition
Gong was elected as an IEEE Fellow in 2014, "for contributions to sequences and cryptography applied to communications and security".

References

External links
Communications Security Lab

1956 births
Living people
Chinese electrical engineers
Chinese women engineers
Canadian electrical engineers
Canadian women engineers
Women electrical engineers
Coding theorists
Cryptographers
Xidian University alumni
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China alumni
Academic staff of the University of Waterloo
Fellows of the IEEE
Seth A. Hutchinson. Seth A. Hutchinson is an American electrical and computer engineer. He is the Executive Director of the Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Machines at the Georgia Institute of Technology, where he is also Professor and KUKA Chair for Robotics in the School of Interactive Computing. His research in robotics spans the areas of planning, sensing, and control. He has published widely on these topics, and is coauthor of the books "Robot Modeling and Control," published by Wiley, 
Principles of Robot Motion - Theory, Algorithms, and Implementations, with Howie Choset, Kevin M. Lynch, George Kantor, Wolfram Burgard, Lydia E. Kavraki and Sebastian Thrun.

Hutchinson has served as president of the IEEE Robotics and Automation Society (RAS), member of the RAS Administrative Committee, the Editor-in-Chief for the "IEEE Transactions on Robotics" and as the founding Editor-in-Chief of the RAS Conference Editorial Board. He is a Fellow of the IEEE.

Hutchinson is an Emeritus Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, where he was Professor of ECE until 2018.
He received his Ph.D. from Purdue University.

References

External links
 Home page
 Photo of Seth Hutchinson

American roboticists
Georgia Tech faculty
Control theorists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Needlegun scaler. A needlegun scaler, needle scaler, or needle-gun is a tool used to remove rust, mill scale, and old paint from metal surfaces. The tool is used in metalwork applications as diverse as home repair, automotive repair, and shipboard preservation.

Mechanism
A needle gun has a set of very fine chisels known as needles. The tool forces these needles against a work surface at variable speeds up to around 5,000 times per minute. Different models offer choices of number of needles, operating speed, and power levels. Many models use compressed air, although electrical needle-guns do exist.

In a pneumatic unit, compressed air forces a piston forwards and backwards. This movement causes the needles to move back and forth against the work surface.

Benefits
The needle gun has advantages over other scaling tools. Its main advantage is that the needles automatically adjust themselves to contours, making the tool a good choice for cleaning irregular surfaces. A needle gun can clean an area to bare metal in seconds, and compares well to other scaling tools in terms of accuracy and precision.

It is recommended that before needlegunning, a surface should be prepared by removing oil, grease, dirt, chemicals and water-soluble contaminants. This can be done with solvents or with a combination of detergent and fresh water.
Then, the needle gun is used to remove rust, loose scale, and paint, leaving bare metal. It is used most effectively by holding it at a 45° angle to the work surface. It is recommended that an area no larger than  be cleared at once. Two to three passes over an area is generally sufficient to clean it. Then the process is repeated until the desired area is completed.

Prior to painting, it is desirable to "feather" or taper any edges between metal and old paint. It is also important to check the surface for any oil deposited during chipping, and if necessary, to clean the area with solvents. Since bare metal surfaces will flash rust soon after exposure to the atmosphere, paint should be applied as soon as possible after chipping.  If flash rusting occurs prior to coating, further chipping, cleaning, and sanding may be necessary.

Personal protective equipment (PPE)
Because the power tool is noisy and can produce flying chips of debris as well as fine dust, PPE to protect vision, hearing, and breathing are recommended by safety regulators and tool manufacturers.

See also
 Corrosion
 Wire brush
 Abrasive blasting

References

General references
 
 —CHAP 7 LINK NO LONGER WORKS

External links
Battleship Texas Restoration Manual
Dust Mite Removal With Certified Tools

Metalworking hand tools
Cleaning tools
Railpower RP20CD. The RP20CD is a diesel-electric road switcher locomotive built by Railpower Technologies.  It is a "genset" locomotive, having three engine-generator sets.

The engines are computer controlled, with the computer stopping and starting engines on a rotating basis, as required to produce the horsepower needed at any given moment.

It has six-wheel (three-axle) trucks, rather than the usual four-wheel (two-axle) trucks commonly found on smaller, lighter, switcher locomotives. RP20CDs are rebuilt from older locomotives and can be upgraded to  by adding a fourth generator.

References 

C-C locomotives
Diesel–electric locomotives of the United States
Railpower locomotives
EPA Tier 2-compliant locomotives of the United States
Rebuilt locomotives
Standard gauge locomotives of the United States
Railway locomotives introduced in 2008
Shunting locomotives
Theodor Koch. Theodor Koch (13 May 1905 – 21 October 1976) was a German engineer, investor and weapons manufacturer, born in Zuffenhausen, Germany. As a young man, Koch apprenticed as a precision mechanic. After completing his apprenticeship he attended an engineering school in Esslingen. In 1924 he started work for Mauser in an arms factory in Oberndorf as an engineer and stayed with them until 1945, when the French Army destroyed the factory since it was responsible for manufactoring several thousand firearms to the German Army. During World War II Koch also signed up to become a Fördermitglied (financier) of the SS. He was described as a "non-engaged National Socialist" by historian Stefanie van de Kerkhof, as his political role in the party was minimal and he primarily supported the nazis through financial means. After the fall of Germany to the Allied Forces at the end of World War II the Mauser factory was dismantled. Koch, Edmund Heckler and Alex Seidel saved what they could and used it to found Heckler & Koch.

References

German company founders
20th-century German businesspeople
1905 births
1976 deaths
 
Businesspeople from Stuttgart
Egoless programming. Egoless programming is a style of computer programming in which personal factors are minimized so that quality may be improved.  The cooperative methods suggested are similar to those used by other collective ventures such as Wikipedia.

History
The concept was first propounded by Gerald M. Weinberg in his 1971 book, The Psychology of Computer Programming.

Peer reviews of code
To ensure quality, reviews of code by other programmers are made.  The concept of egoless programming emphasises that such reviews should be made in a friendly, collegial way in which personal feelings are put aside.  Structured walkthroughs are one way of making such a formal review.

Strengths
 Works best for complex tasks.
 Open communication channels allow information to flow freely to team members
 Greater conformity that helps in consistent documentation
 Team members have greater job satisfaction.

Weaknesses
 Projects take longer to complete.
 Projects experience a higher failure rate due to the decentralized nature of and volume of communication between members of the team.
 Risky shift phenomenon Programmers attempt riskier solutions to solve a software problem.
 Simple tasks are made more difficult by open communication channels.

Rival concepts
Egoless programming explicitly minimizes constraints of hierarchy and status so as to enable the free exchange of ideas and improvements.  It may be contrasted with the chief programmer team concept which emphasises specialisation and leadership in teams so that they work in a more disciplined way.

See also
 List of software development philosophies
Software review
Egolessness

References

External links
The Ten Commandments of Egoless Programming

Software development process
Maule M-5. The Maule M-5 is an American four-seat cabin monoplane designed and built by the Maule Aircraft Company.

Design and development
The M-5 was a development of the earlier Maule M-4 with improved STOL performance. It has a 30% increase in flap area and enlarged tail surfaces.

Two prototype M-5s flew in 1971, one powered by a 210-hp (157 kW) engine, the other with a 220-hp (164 kW) engine.

The M-5 is a steel-tube and fabric high-wing braced-monoplane with a cantilever tailplane with a single fin and rudder. It has a fixed-tailwheel landing gear and an enclosed cabin with two rows of side-by-side seating for a pilot and three passengers. The aircraft entered production in 1974 and was named the Strata Rocket and the Lunar Rocket. A generally similar M-6 Super Rocket was also developed with a  wingspan and more fuel capacity, smaller ailerons and larger flaps.

Variants
M-5-180C
Initial production variant with a  Lycoming O-360-C1F engine, more than 94 built.
M-5-200
One aircraft modified with a  engine.
M-5-210C Strata Rocket
180C with a  Continental IO-360-D engine in a revised cowling, 206 built.
M-5-210TC Lunar Rocket
210C fitted with a turbocharged  Lycoming TO-360 engine, 10 built.
M-5-220C Lunar Rocket
210C fitted with a  Franklin 6A-350-C1 engine, 57 built.
M-5-235C Lunar Rocket
210C fitted with a  Lycoming O-540-J1A5D engine, more than 379 built.
M-6-235C Super Rocket
235C with a  wingspan and more fuel capacity, smaller ailerons and larger flaps, 136 built.

Specifications (M-5-235C Lunar Rocket)

References

 

1970s United States sport aircraft
M-05
Single-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1971
STOL aircraft
Single-engined piston aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Captain Meriwether Lewis. The dredge Captain Meriwether Lewis is a U.S. National Historic Landmark. The dredge is one of the few surviving examples of its type built to control flooding and improve navigation along the nation's rivers.

History
Built by the Marietta Manufacturing Company in Point Pleasant, West Virginia, Captain Meriwether Lewis was launched on December 12, 1931 while only half-complete by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The Corps completed construction the following year.

This side-wheel steam paddle dredge was operated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to help channel the Missouri River and to maintain it as a navigable waterway.

This massive vessel, at a length of 268' 11-1/2", housed a standard operating crew of 52, with quarters available for 58 men. Captain Meriwether Lewis could dig to a depth of 20 feet at an average speed of 150–200 feet per hour, all powered by the 25-foot steam-propelled paddle wheels. With all three steam engines running, the dredge burned up to 6,000 gallons of oil in a day.

The Babcock & Wilcox marine boilers could produce up to 40,000 pounds of steam or more per hour when dredging. The triple expansion engine that drives the pump turbine is rated at 1,300 hp.  The dredge was pulled forward by the two deck gypsies and not propelled by the paddlewheels when dredging.

In 1976, Captain Meriwether Lewis was given to the Nebraska State Historical Society and moved to Brownville one year later. It was dry-berthed along the Missouri River where it remains today.

Captain Meriwether Lewis was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1989. Today, Captain Meriwether Lewis houses the Museum of Missouri River History, where exhibits from Native American history to exploration and westward expansion can be seen. Visitors can also learn about the vessel and its role in improving navigation on the Missouri River.

Museum of Missouri River History
The Nebraska State Historical Society took possession of the ship in 1976 and moved it to Brownville, Nebraska the next year.  The ship is dry-berthed along the Missouri River.  Visitors can tour the ship, which includes the Museum of Missouri River History, opened in 1981.   The museum's exhibits are located in several rooms of the boiler deck.  Exhibits include Native American history, area exploration, westward expansion, the ship and navigation on the river.

See also
List of U.S. National Historic Landmark ships, shipwrecks, and shipyards

Citations

References

External links
Official site

Ships on the National Register of Historic Places in Nebraska
National Historic Landmarks in Nebraska
Maritime museums in Nebraska
Museum ships in Nebraska
Dredgers
Museums in Nemaha County, Nebraska
National Register of Historic Places in Nemaha County, Nebraska
1932 ships
Landwasserschlepper. Landwasserschlepper (LWS) was an unarmed amphibious tractor produced in Germany during World War II.

Origins and development
Ordered by the Heereswaffenamt in 1935 for use by German Army engineers, the Landwasserschlepper (or LWS) was intended as a lightweight river tug with some capacity to operate on land.

Intended to aid river crossing and bridging operations, it was designed by Rheinmetall- of Düsseldorf. The hull was similar to that of a motor launch, resembling a tracked boat with twin rear-mounted tunnelled propellers and twin rudders. On land, it rode on steel-shod tracks with four bogies per side.

By the autumn of 1940 three prototypes had been completed and were assigned to Tank Detachment 100 as part of Operation Sea Lion. It was intended to use them for pulling ashore unpowered assault barges during the invasion and for towing vehicles across the beaches. They would also have been used to carry supplies directly ashore during the six hours of falling tide when the barges were grounded. This involved towing a Kässbohrer amphibious trailer (capable of transporting 10-20 tons of freight) behind the LWS.

The Landwasserschlepper was demonstrated to General Franz Halder on 2 August 1940 by the Reinhardt Trials Staff on the island of Sylt and, though he was critical of its high silhouette on land, he recognized the overall usefulness of the design. It was proposed to build enough LWSs that each invasion barge could be assigned one or two of them, but difficulties in mass-producing the vehicle prevented implementation of that plan.

Operational history
Due to protracted development, the Landwasserschlepper did not enter regular service until 1942 and, though it proved useful in both Eastern Front and North Africa campaign, it was produced in only small numbers. In 1944 a completely new design was introduced, the LWS II. This vehicle was based on a Panzer IV tank chassis and featured a small raised armored driver's cabin and a flat rear deck with four fold-down intake and exhaust stacks.

Landwasserschlepper remained operational until the end of the war in May 1945.

See also
Beach armoured recovery vehicle

Notes

References

External links
Land-Wasser-Schlepper
Achtung Panzer Vehicles of the Wehrmacht

Amphibious military vehicles
Soft-skinned vehicles
Landing craft
World War II military vehicles of Germany
Amphibious vehicles of World War II
Military vehicles introduced from 1940 to 1944
International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. The International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) is an international scientific association that focuses on the study of terrestrial and planetary magnetism and space physics.

IAGA is one of the eight associations of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics. It is a non-governmental body funded through the subscriptions paid to IUGG by its member countries. IAGA have been responsible for developing and maintaining the International Geomagnetic Reference Field, a reference for the magnetic field of the Earth that was adopted in 1968 and is updated every five years. The most recent version is IGRF-12.

History 
IAGA has a long history and can trace its origins to the Commission for Terrestrial Magnetism and Atmospheric Electricity, part of the World Meteorological Organization originated from the International Meteorological Organization (IMO), which was founded in 1873. At the First IUGG General Assembly (Rome, 1922), the Section de Magnétisme et Electricité Terrestres became one of the constituent sections of the Union. At the IV IUGG General Assembly (Stockholm, 1930), it became the International Association of Terrestrial Magnetism and Electricity. It took its present name at the X IUGG General Assembly (Rome, 1954).

Commissions 
IAGA is subdivided into the following divisions and commissions, each with working groups on subjects of interest:

 Division I: Internal Magnetic Fields
 Division II: Aeronomic Phenomena
 Division III: Magnetospheric Phenomena
 Division IV: Solar Wind and Interplanetary Field
 Division V: Geomagnetic Observatories, Surveys and Analyses
 Division VI: Electromagnetic Induction in the Earth and Planetary Bodies
 Interdivisional Commission on Developing Countries
 Interdivisional Commission on History
 Interdivisional Commission on Education and Outreach
 Interdivisional Commission on Space Weather

See also 
 Intermagnet
 List of geoscience organizations

References

Further reading

External links 
 

Geophysics societies
International scientific organizations
1873 establishments in Europe
Rivulet Mill Complex. The Rivulet Mill Complex is an historic group of mill buildings located at 60 Rivulet Street, in Uxbridge, Massachusetts, United States. It was originally built by Chandler Taft. Richard Sayles purchased the mill in 1864 and, after repairs, began the manufacture of shoddy, a yarn made from woolen scraps and used clothing. (Richard Sayles was a graduate of the Uxbridge Academy and his family was prominent in Pawtucket, Rhode Island.)  In 1872 the original mill burned and was totally destroyed. Sayles and Zadok Taft rebuilt on site and continued the business under (later) the name of Sayles, Taft & Co. Later still, after Taft retired, the name became the Richard Sayles Mill. The mill was sold out of the Sayles family in 1910.  It was operated by the Uxbridge Worsted Company until the mid-1950s.

In October 1983 the complex was added to the National Register of Historic Places.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Uxbridge, Massachusetts

References

Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts
Buildings and structures in Uxbridge, Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places in Uxbridge, Massachusetts
Graphics Turing test. In computer graphics the graphics Turing test is a variant of the Turing test, the twist being that a human judge viewing and interacting with an artificially generated world should be unable to reliably distinguish it from reality.

The original formulation of the test is:

"The subject views and interacts with a real or computer generated scene. The test is passed if the subject can not determine reality from simulated reality better than a random guess. (a) The subject operates a remotely controlled (or simulated) robotic arm and views a computer screen. (b) The subject enters a door to a controlled vehicle or motion simulator with computer screens for windows. An eye patch can be worn on one eye, as stereo vision is difficult to simulate."

The "graphics Turing scale" of computer power is then defined as the computing power necessary to achieve success in the test. It was estimated in, as 1036.8 TFlops peak and 518.4 TFlops sustained. Actual rendering tests with a Blue Gene supercomputer showed that current supercomputers are not up to the task scale yet.

A restricted form of the graphic Turing test has been investigated, where test subjects look into a box, and try to tell whether the contents are real or virtual objects. For the very simple case of scenes with a cardboard pyramid or a styrofoam sphere, subjects were not able to reliably tell reality and graphics apart.

See also
Virtual reality
CAPTCHA

References

Virtual reality
Turing tests
École nationale supérieure d'ingénieurs de Caen. The École nationale supérieure d'ingénieurs de Caen & Centre de Recherche (ENSICAEN), which translates as National Graduate School of Engineering & Research Center, is one of the French grandes écoles, whose main purpose is to form chemical, electronical, and Computer science engineers  (with a level "bac+5"). It is located on the city of Caen, Normandy.

Graduate specializations 

The school delivers five engineering degrees accredited by the French Commission des titres d'ingénieur:

 electronics and applied physics
 computer science
 chemical engineering
 industrial engineering
 mechanical and materials engineering

In general, the obtained degrees are internationally recognized as equivalent to masters of science, for instance in the United States.

References

External links 

 Official website

Caen
Universities and colleges in Caen
Educational institutions established in 1976
1976 establishments in France
Volgograd State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. The Volgograd State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering is one of the major Universities in Volgograd (formerly Stalingrad). It was founded in December 1951 and gained university status on December 29, 2003. Previous names were:
 Stalingrad Institute of Engineers of Municipal Economy
 Volgograd Institute of Engineers of Municipal Economy
 Volgograd Civil Engineering Institute
 Volgograd State Academy of Architecture and Civil Engineering
 Volgograd State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering

References

External links 
 http://vgasu.ru/

Universities in Volga Region
Universities in Volgograd Oblast
Autonomous robot architecture. The Autonomous Robot Architecture (AuRA) is a hybrid deliberative/reactive robot architecture developed by American roboticist and roboethicist Ronald C. Arkin at the Georgia Institute of Technology. It was developed in mid-1980s. AuRA is one of the first Hybrid Robotic Architecture developed. Hybrid Robotic Architecture forms form combination of reactive and deliberative approaches and gets best from both the approaches.

See also 
 Three-layer architecture
 Servo, subsumption, and symbolic architecture
 Distributed architecture for mobile navigation (DAMN)
 ATLANTIS architecture

References

https://web.archive.org/web/20120325145948/http://math.haifa.ac.il/robotics/Projects/AuRA_Ina.pdf
Robot architectures