omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology. Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology (XUAT) is one of China's eight historic institutions specializing in civil engineering and architecture. It was once a key university directly overseen by the former Ministry of Metallurgical Industry. Located in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, its roots can be traced back to Beiyang University, founded in 1895. During the nationwide restructuring of China's higher education system in 1956, XUAT was formed through the merger of the Northeast Institute of Technology, Northwest Institute of Technology, Qingdao Institute of Technology, and the civil engineering, construction, and environmental departments of the South Jiangsu Polytechnic Institute. The university was renamed Xi'an Metallurgical Institute in 1959 and later Xi'an Metallurgical and Architectural Institute in 1963. It adopted its current name, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, in March 1994.

History 
The history of Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology (XUAT) dates back to the founding of the Beiyang Western Academy () in Tianjin in 1895. In 1956, during a nationwide restructuring of higher education institutions, XUAT was established through the merger of the former Northeast Institute of Technology (NIT), Northwest Institute of Technology (NWIT), Qingdao Institute of Technology (QIT), and the Civil, Architecture, and Municipal departments of the South Jiangsu Polytechnic Institute (SUPI). This merger brought together the core disciplines of civil engineering, architecture, and environmental studies, marking a significant milestone in the history of higher education in China. The institution was renamed Xi'an Metallurgical College in 1959 and later Xi'an Metallurgical and Architectural College in 1963. On March 8, 1994, it was officially renamed Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology () with the approval of the State Education Commission. In 1998, the university's administration was transferred to the People's Government of Shaanxi Province.

Rankings

Comprehensive ranking 

 Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU): 801-900 globally

Ranking by Subject 

 QS World University Rankings: Global 151-200 Rankings in Architecture and Built Environment in 2023
 US News&World Report: Ranked 66th globally for civil engineering, 92nd globally for environmental engineering, and 178th globally for chemical engineering

Gallery

References

External links
 

 
Universities and colleges in Xi'an
Universities and colleges established in 1895
1895 establishments in China
LINA (software). LINA was a piece of open-source software that enabled users to run applications compiled for Linux under Windows and Mac OS X with a native look and feel. Version 1.00 beta1 was released in October 2009 and was available at the Open Lina web site. However, that domain is now up for sale.

Release
The latest binary version, still a beta, was released on October 15, 2009.
As the tool was open sourced under the terms of the GNU General Public License v2, its source code had been made available since July 19, 2007.

See also

Compatibility layer

References

External links
openlina.com at archive.org
Youtube channel

Free software programmed in C
Free software programmed in C++
Free software programmed in Python
Free system software
Compatibility layers
Graphic Era. Graphic Era University (formerly known as Graphic Era Institute of Technology) is an Indian private graphic university located in Clement Town, Dehradun, Uttarakhand. It was founded by Dr. Kamal Ghanshala in 1993.

In 2008, the then-institute was accorded the status of deemed university. In 2022, the university was accredited by the NAAC with Grade A+. The NIRF (National Institutional Ranking Framework) ranked it 79th overall in India in 2024 and 52nd in engineering category.

Grafest is a yearly college fest held at Graphic Era Deemed University.

See also
Graphic Era Hill University

References

Universities in Uttarakhand
Engineering colleges in Uttarakhand
Education in Dehradun district
Educational institutions established in 1993
1993 establishments in Uttar Pradesh
Britton–Robinson buffer. The Britton–Robinson buffer (BRB or  PEM) is a "universal" pH buffer used for the pH range from 2 to 12. It has been used historically as an alternative to the McIlvaine buffer, which has a smaller pH range of effectiveness (from 2 to 8).

Universal buffers consist of mixtures of acids of diminishing strength (increasing pKa), so that the change in pH is approximately proportional to the amount of alkali added. It consists of a mixture of 0.04 M boric acid, 0.04 M phosphoric acid and 0.04 M acetic acid that has been titrated to the desired pH with 0.2 M sodium hydroxide. Britton and Robinson also proposed a second formulation that gave an essentially linear pH response to added alkali from pH 2.5 to pH 9.2 (and buffers to pH 12). This mixture consists of 0.0286 M citric acid, 0.0286 M monopotassium phosphate, 0.0286 M boric acid, 0.0286 M veronal and 0.0286 M hydrochloric acid titrated with 0.2 M sodium hydroxide.

The buffer was invented in 1931 by the English chemist Hubert Thomas Stanley "Kevin" Britton (1892–1960) and the New Zealand chemist Robert Anthony Robinson (1904–1979).

See also
 Buffer solution
 Good's buffers

References

Acid–base chemistry
Buffer solutions
Chemical tests
Air Taxi Association. The Air Taxi Association, LLC (ATXA) was founded in June 2007 by Joseph Leader as a membership, payment company with the goal of encouraging the adoption of the next-generation air taxi model based on the company's operating interface system booking flights on small jets, commonly referred to as very light jet.

American founding members

BusinessJetSeats
Earthjet
ImagineAir
Jumpjet
Linear Air
POGO Jets Inc.
SATSair
Virgin Charter

European founding members
AccelJet
Air-Cannes
AirCab
Blink
byJets
ETIRC
GlobeAir
Jet Ready
JetBird
London Executive Aviation
NexusJets
Taxijet
Wondair

See also 
 Air taxi

References

External links 
Air Taxi Association (ATXA)

Airline trade associations
Aviation organizations based in the United States
Dibromofluoromethane. Dibromofluoromethane is a mixed halomethane. It is soluble in alcohol, acetone, benzene and chloroform. It is prepared from dibromomethane and antimony(III) fluoride.

Applications
It can be used to prepare bromofluoromethane by reductive debromination with organotin hydride as tributyltin hydride.

Regulations
Its ozone depletion potential (ODP) is 1.0 and it is included in list of Class I Ozone-Depleting Substances.

References

Halomethanes
Organobromides
Organofluorides
Ozone-depleting chemical substances
Dibromofluoromethane (data page). This page provides supplementary chemical data on dibromofluoromethane.

Material Safety Data Sheet  

The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommend that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS) for this chemical from a reliable source  such as SIRI, and follow its directions.

Structure and properties

Thermodynamic properties

Spectral data

References 

Chemical data pages
Chemical data pages cleanup
Asim. Asim or ASIM may refer to:
                        
Andromeda Spaceways Inflight Magazine, a fantasy and science fiction magazine 
Aseem, a male given name of Indian origin, often spelled Asim
Asem, a male given name of Arabic origin, sometimes spelled Asim
Asynchronous induction motor, a type of electric AC motor
Atmosphere-Space Interactions Monitor, a project led by the European Space Agency

See also

 
 Azim (disambiguation)
 Asem (disambiguation)
WS-Trust. WS-Trust is a WS-* specification and OASIS standard that provides extensions to WS-Security, specifically dealing with the issuing, renewing, and validating of security tokens, as well as with ways to establish, assess the presence of, and broker trust relationships between participants in a secure message exchange.

The WS-Trust specification was authored by representatives of a number of companies, and was approved by OASIS as a standard in March 2007.

Using the extensions defined in WS-Trust, applications can engage in secure communication designed to work within the Web services framework.

Overview 
WS-Trust defines a number of new elements, concepts and artifacts in support of that goal, including:
 the concept of a Security Token Service (STS) - a web service that issues security tokens as defined in the WS-Security specification.   
 the formats of the messages used to request security tokens and the responses to those messages. 
 mechanisms for key exchange

WS-Trust is then implemented within Web services libraries, provided by vendors or by open source collaborative efforts.  Web services frameworks that implement the WS-Trust protocols for token request include: Microsoft's Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) and Windows Identity Foundation (WIF - as of .NET 4.5, WIF is integrated into .NET Core), Sun's WSIT framework, Apache's Rampart (part of axis2), and others.  In addition, vendors or other groups may deliver products that act as a Security Token Service, or STS.  Microsoft's Access Control Services is one such service, available online today.  PingIdentity Corporation also markets an STS. Microsoft's ADFS also provides implementation of an STS.

Authors
The companies involved in defining WS-Trust were:

 Actional Corporation, BEA Systems, Inc.
 Computer Associates International, Inc.
 International Business Machines Corporation
 Layer 7 Technologies
 Microsoft Corporation
 Oblix Inc.
 OpenNetwork Technologies Inc.
 Ping Identity Corporation
 Reactivity Inc.
 RSA Security Inc.
 VeriSign Inc

References

External links
WS-Trust specification document, v1.4
WS-Trust specification document, v1.3
OASIS' Web Services Secure Exchange (WS-SX) Technical Committee
IBM's page on Web Services Trust Language

See also

WS-Security
WS-* Web Service Specifications 
Web Services
OASIS (organization)
Security Tokens
Security Token Service (STS)
Identity management

Web service specifications
Security technology
Computer access control
Federated identity
Identity management
Identity management systems
MADEI. MADEI has been assembling Japanese commercial vehicles in Myanmar for decades.

Recently, it was commissioned by the government to manufacture jeeps.
Manufactured at six industrial zones under government supervision, the models are Super Mandala Jeep from Mandalay Industrial Zone, Myay Latt Jeep from Myingyan Industrial Zone, Htila Jeep from Meikhtila Industrial zone, Chindwin Star Jeep from Monywa Industrial Zone, Shan Star Jeep from Ayethaya Industrial Zone in Taunggyi and PKU Jeep from Pakokku Industrial Zone. Body is made locally, while the mechanical parts are imported from Japan.
Production rate was approximately 100 annually.

References
Information at Autoindex

Motor vehicle manufacturers of Myanmar
SIA Ltd. SIA Ltd was a UK Limited company specialising in Geographic Information System (GIS) software and services. The company offices were based in London, England.

SIA products included Datamap, a PC-based mapping system with added features for transport and distribution managers.

History
The company was bought by Hometrack in July 2007. It was based near the Eccleston Square Hotel, off the A3213.

Products
 dataMAP GIS
 dataMAP GIS Web Browser
 dataMAP Mobile
 dataMAP Routing System
 SMART
 SMART Online
 dataMAPX and SMARTX SDKs

Partners
 Ordnance Survey
 Plantech
 National Housing Federation
 IBS OPENSystems
 Encanvas
 Bartholomew Maps
 Arete
 Anite

Competitors
 GGP Systems Ltd
 ESRI
 MapInfo

References

External links
 SIA Ltd's home page

Companies based in the City of Westminster
British companies disestablished in 2007
GIS companies
Ultra low expansion glass. Ultra low expansion glass (ULE) is a registered trademark of Corning Incorporated. ULE has a very low coefficient of thermal expansion  and contains as components silica and less than 10% titanium dioxide. Such high resistance to thermal expansion makes it very resistant to high temperature thermal shock. ULE has been made by Corning since the 1960s, but is still very important to current applications.

Applications

There are many applications for ULE, but by far the most common is for mirrors and lenses for telescopes in both space and terrestrial settings. One of the most well known examples of the use of ULE is in the Hubble Space Telescope's mirror. Another good example of its application is in the Gemini telescope's mirror bank. This type of material is needed for this application because the mirrors on telescopes, especially very large, high-precision units, cannot bend or lose their shape even slightly. If this were to happen, the telescope would be out of focus. Some other examples and uses of ULE are:
  
 Ultra-low expansion substrates for mirrors and other optics
 Length standards
 Lightweight honeycomb mirror mounts
 Astronomical telescopes
 Precision measurement technology
 Laser cavities

Another newer use for this material that is showing promise is in the semiconductor industry, this again because of the purity and extreme low expansion of ULE glass.

Structure

The structure of ULE is completely amorphous; because of this it is a glass, not a ceramic. The amorphous structure of the material comes from there being no crystal phases within the structure, so there is no long range order.

Processing

The way that ULE is made is very different from the standard way that glass is made. Instead of mixing powdered materials together into a batch, melting that batch and pouring out sheets of glass, ULE, being such a high temperature glass, has to be made in a flame hydrolysis process. In this process high purity precursors are injected into the flames, which causes them to react and form TiO2 and SiO2. The TiO2 and SiO2 then fall down and are deposited onto the growing glass.

Properties

Thermal

Ultra low expansion glass has an coefficient of thermal expansion of about 10−8/K at 5–35 °C. It has a thermal conductivity of 1.31 W/(m·°C), thermal diffusion of 0.0079 cm2/s, a mean specific heat of 767 J/(kg·°C), a strain point of 890 °C [1634 °F], and an estimated softening point of 1490 °C [2714 °F], an annealing point of 1000 °C [1832 °F].

Mechanical

Ultra low expansion glass has an ultimate tensile strength of , a Poisson’s ratio 0.17, a density of  (), a specific stiffness of  (), a shear modulus of  (), a bulk modulus of  (), and an elastic modulus of  ().

Optical

ULE has a Stress Optical Coefficient of 4.15 (nm/cm)/(kg/cm3) [0.292(nm/cm) psi], and an Abbe number of  53.1.

Other

ULE has a high resistance to weathering because of its hardness, and is also unaffected by nearly all chemical agents. ULE also shows no changes when quickly cooled from 350 °C.

References

Glass compositions
Low thermal expansion materials
Frank Zhigang Wang. Frank Zhigang Wang is a Chinese computer scientist and Professor of Future Computing at the University of Kent, England.  He was previously Head of the School of Computing at the University of Kent.

Wang received his PhD in the UK in 1999. He was previously the Chair Professor and the Director of the Centre for Grid Computing, Cambridge-Cranfield High Performance Computing Facility (CCHPCF). In 1994, he invented spin-tunneling random access memory with Tohoku University, Japan. In 2003, Wang proposed a new concept of Grid-oriented Storage architecture. In 2004, Wang and his colleagues launched the UK-first Masters Program in Grid Computing. In 2005, he was elected as the Chairman of UK & Republic of Ireland Chapter of the IEEE Computer Society. In 2007, he was elected as a Fellow of the British Computer Society.

External links
Official website of Frank Zhigang Wang

References

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Fellows of the British Computer Society
Chinese computer scientists
Academics of the University of Kent
Coupling, Energetics and Dynamics of Atmospheric Regions. Coupling, Energetics and Dynamics of Atmospheric Regions ("CEDAR") is a US NSF  funded program targeting understanding of middle and upper atmospheric dynamics. CEDAR is of relevance to space weather, space physics, and global change.

CEDAR involves researchers from institutions within and without the United States, although the funding is almost exclusively directed to US projects. Researchers are funded for observational, theoretical, and simulation work. There is a significant focus on student activities and CEDAR has been tremendously effective at involving a large number of graduate students in front-line research.

CEDAR programs produce a significant amount of data which is accessible via the "CEDAR Data Base", a number of Virtual Observatories (VOs), and the web pages of principal investigators (PIs).

CEDAR has produced important scientific results in a number of inter-related research fields.

References

Atmosphere
Blanchard Brd.1. 

The Blanchard Brd.1 was a French reconnaissance flying boat, to the 1923 STAé HB.3 specification, used by the French navy in the 1920s. It was a large biplane with two engines mounted in the gap between the wings, each engine driving a pusher propeller.  In 1924, one Brd.1 was used to set several world altitude records for seaplanes.

Operators

French Navy

Units using this aircraft
Aéronautique Maritime
 Escadrille 5R1

Specifications

See also

References

Further reading
 

Blanchard aircraft
1920s French military reconnaissance aircraft
Flying boats
Twin-engined pusher aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1922
Société des Avions Blanchard. 
Société des Avions Blanchard, also known as Société Constructions Aéronautiques Blanchard was a French aircraft manufacturer of the 1920s, most remembered for their large reconnaissance flying boat for the French Navy, the Brd.1. The firm also built a seaplane to contest the Schneider Cup, the BB.2 but withdrew it before the race.

Aircraft
Blanchard BB-1
Blanchard BB.2
Blanchard Brd.1

References
 

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of France
Blériot III. The Blériot III was an early French aeroplane built by pioneer aviators Louis Blériot and Gabriel Voisin. It was later modified and renamed the Blériot IV, but both versions failed to fly.

Design and development
The Blériot III was radically different from what was to become the orthodox design for aircraft, having two large elliptical closed wing cells in tandem connected by booms.  A single transversely mounted 24 hp (18 kW) Antoinette engine mounted on the lower front wing drove two tractor propellers using flexible drive shafts incorporating reduction gearing to reduce the 1,800 rpm of the engine to 600 rpm.  The transmission arrangement accounted for 100 kg of the aircraft's 400 kg weight.  The undercarriage consisted of a pair of long floats under the front wing cell and a third below the aft wing cell.  Blériot and Voisin attempted to fly it from the Lac d'Engheim in May 1906, but the machine would not become airborne.

In October they made major changes to the design, adding a rudder to the aft cell, replacing the forward wings with a more conventional biplane arrangement, adding a second engine, and changing the propellers from tractors to pushers.  At this point, it was renamed the Blériot IV.  Attempts to fly the aircraft as a floatplane were made on 12 and 18 October at Lac d'Engheim. Even with these modifications, the aircraft still refused to leave the ground.  They then removed the floats and added a wheeled undercarriage.  On 12 November 1906 further attempts at flight were made at the Parc de Bagatelle, but the aircraft hit an obstacle during a ground run and was damaged beyond repair. To underline this failure, Voisin and Blériot were then to witness Santos-Dumont's successful flight in the 14-bis, made at Bagatelle the same day. After this failure the partnership between Voisin and  Blériot was dissolved, both men preferring to concentrate on their own design ideas.  Voisin set up  Appareils d'Aviation Les Frères Voisin with his brother, and  Blériot went on to build further experimental aircraft in collaboration with various other people.

Specifications (IV)

References

Bibliography
 Elliot, Brian A. Bleriot: Herald of an Age. Stroud: Tempus, 2000 
 Hallion, Richard P. 'Taking Flight. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. 
 Taylor, M.J.H. Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation London: Studio Editions, 1989, p. 161
 Devaux, Jean and Michel Marani. "Les Douze Premiers Aéroplanes de Louis Blériot". Pegase'' No 54, May 1989.

External links

 Nova: A Daring Flight
 earlyaviators.com

1900s French experimental aircraft
3
Twin-engined pusher aircraft
Annular-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1906
Unflown aircraft
Fort Bunker Hill. Fort Bunker Hill was one of seven temporary earthwork forts part of the Civil War Defenses of Washington, D.C., during the Civil War built in the Northeast quadrant of the city at the beginning of the Civil War by the Union Army to protect the city from the Confederate Army. From west to east, the forts were: Fort Slocum, Fort Totten, Fort Slemmer, Fort Bunker Hill, Fort Saratoga, Fort Thayer and Fort Lincoln. Unlike other forts, today very little remains of the structure.

Civil War
The fort was built in the fall of 1861 by soldiers from the 11th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry on land owned by Henry Quinn and was named after the Battle of Bunker Hill of 1775 in Charlestown, Boston, Massachusetts. It was located between Fort Slemmer and Fort Saratoga and was intended to assist in the defense of the northeast approaches to Washington between Fort Totten and Fort Lincoln.

Company F of the 11th Vermont Infantry Regiment was assigned to Fort Bunker Hill to assist in the defense of the city until November 17, 1862. 
Thirteen guns were mounted in the rectangular-shaped fort, which operated until the conclusion of hostilities in 1865.

The following armament was assigned to Fort Bunker Hill:
 Eight 32-pounder James rifle (barbette)
 One 8-inch siege howitzer
 One Coehorn mortar
 One 10-inch siege mortar M. 1841
 One 4-inch ordnance
 Two 30-pounder Parrotts

The following troops garrisoned at Fort Bunker Hill:
 11th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry
 Company B, Main Coast Guards
 Detachment 2d Company, New Hampshire Heavy Artillery
 150th Ohio National Guard
 Battery G, 3rd United States Artillery

A supporting field battery stood a few yards to the North.

Post Civil War
The site of the fort is bounded by 14th, Otis, 13th, and Perry Streets NE in Brookland, DC. Today, little remains of the fort, and the site is maintained by the National Park Service.

A marker by the National Park Service commemorates the Fort:
Fort Bunker Hill

One of the Civil War Defenses of Washington erected in the fall of 1861, Fort Bunker Hill occupied an important position between Fort Totten and Fort Lincoln in the defense of the National Capital. Thirteen guns and mortars were mounted in the fort. 

United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service

A nearby road was named Bunker Hill Road after the fort, but it was later renamed Michigan Avenue.

See also

 Civil War Defenses of Washington
 Washington, D.C., in the American Civil War
 Fort Slocum
 Fort Totten
 Fort Slemmer
 Fort Saratoga
 Fort Thayer
 Fort Lincoln
 Battle of Fort Stevens

References

External links 
National Park Service Fort Bunker Hill Page

Bunker Hill, Fort
Bunker Hill, Fort
Bunker Hill
Bunker
American Civil War on the National Register of Historic Places
Parks in Washington, D.C.
Demolished buildings and structures in Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C., in the American Civil War
Military installations established in 1861
Military installations closed in 1865
1861 establishments in Washington, D.C.
1865 disestablishments in Washington, D.C.
Brookland (Washington, D.C.)