omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Dirk Meyer. Derrick R. "Dirk" Meyer (born November 24, 1961) is a former chief executive officer of Advanced Micro Devices, serving in the position from July 18, 2008 to January 10, 2011.

Education 

He received a bachelor's degree in computer engineering from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and a master's degree in business administration from Boston University Graduate School of Management.

Career 

He was a co-architect of the Alpha 21064 and Alpha 21264 microprocessors during his employment at DEC and also worked at Intel in its microprocessor design group.

Meyer joined AMD in 1996, where he personally led the team that designed and developed the Athlon processor.

Dirk Meyer was formerly president and chief executive officer of AMD. At one time, he was the chief operating officer. In this role, he shared leadership and management of AMD with former Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of AMD Hector Ruiz. Prior to this role, Meyer served as president and chief operating officer of AMD’s Microprocessor Solutions Sector where he had overall responsibility for AMD’s microprocessor business, including product development, manufacturing, operations and product marketing.

On July 18, 2008, Dirk Meyer replaced Hector Ruiz as the CEO of AMD. Meyer focused the company onto the PC and data center server market. AMD announced 2010 that more than ever notebooks are hitting the market in 2010. Meyer justifies the focus by stating that an increasing mobile and consumer electronics market does not shrink the traditional market. He wanted to address these markets later, when AMD is prepared to dedicate sufficient resources to address them well. This strategy led to Bulldozer architecture for the traditional PC market and Bobcat addressing the netbook and tablet market nearly exclusively dominated by Intel, both hitting the market in 2011 and 2012.

In the beginning of 2011, Meyer was removed as CEO after discussions with the AMD Board. His departure is widely believed to have been due to conflicting views about the future strategic direction for the company. Meyer was replaced by Rory Read later in the year.

On October 10, 2012, Meyer joined the Board of Directors for startup company Ocoos.

References

External links 
 AMD, Dirk Meyer, and the eternal corporate battle, January 3, 2008

1961 births
Living people
Boston University School of Management alumni
Grainger College of Engineering alumni
AMD people
Digital Equipment Corporation people
Intel people
Computer hardware engineers
American electrical engineers
American technology chief executives
American chief operating officers
Maurice Wilkes Award winners
George Klein (inventor). George Johann Klein,  (August 15, 1904 – November 4, 1992) was a Canadian inventor who is often called the most productive inventor in Canada in the 20th century. Although he struggled as a high school student, he eventually graduated from the University of Toronto in Mechanical Engineering. His inventions include key contributions to the first electric wheelchairs for quadriplegics, a novel microsurgical suturing device, the ZEEP nuclear reactor which was the precursor to the CANDU reactor, the international system for classifying ground-cover snow, aircraft skis, the Weasel all-terrain vehicle, the STEM antenna for the space program, and the Canadarm.

Klein worked for forty years as a mechanical engineer at the National Research Council of Canada laboratories in Ottawa (1929–1969).

In 1968, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada. In 1995, he was inducted to the Canadian Science and Engineering Hall of Fame.

References 
Notes

Bibliography

 Bourgeois-Doyle, Richard I. George J. Klein: The Great Inventor. Ottawa: NRC Research Press, 2004. .

External links 
 George J. Klein at Canadian Science and Technology Museum Hall of Fame
 Canadian Science and Technology Museum Virtual Program at Canadian Science and Technology Museum 
 Article at thecanadianencyclopedia.ca
 George J. Klein at CDC
 NRC Archives Photos -     George Klein Wheel Chair 
 

1904 births
1992 deaths
20th-century Canadian inventors
People from Hamilton, Ontario
Canadian Members of the Order of the British Empire
Officers of the Order of Canada
Canadian people of German descent
Manhattan Project people
Textron Marine & Land Systems. Textron Marine & Land Systems, formerly  Cadillac Gage, is an American military contractor that manufactures armored vehicles, turrets, advanced marine craft, surface effects ships, and other weapon systems. It is owned by Textron, and was formed in the merger between Cadillac Gage and Textron Marine in 1994.

Products
Today, as Textron Marine & Land Systems it produces:

M1117 armored security vehicle – for the U.S. Army
Textron Tactical Armoured Patrol Vehicle – for the Canadian Army
Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC) – for the U.S. Navy
Ship-to-Shore Connector
47-foot Motor Lifeboat (MLB) – for the U.S. Coast Guard
NAIAD Rigid Hull Inflatable Boat
Cadillac Gage turret systems 
Tiger Light Protected Vehicle

The main office for Textron Marine & Land Systems is located in Slidell, Louisiana.

History
Cadillac Gage, located in Warren, Michigan manufactured many Vietnam War-era military vehicles and artillery pieces:

 Stoner 63 modular weapon system 1963-1971
 Cadillac Gage V-100 Commando Armored Personnel Carrier
 V-100
 V-150
 V-200
 LAV-300 light armored vehicle
 LAV-600 light armored vehicle
 Commando Scout
 Cadillac Gage Ranger/Peacekeeper Armored Personnel Carrier - based on Dodge Ram/Dodge D Series chassis
 Stingray light tank
 Stingray 2

On March 31, 2015, Textron signed a contract with US Navy worth $84 million to build two new Landing Craft Air Cushion vehicles, LCACs 102 and 103. The craft are part of the Ship to Shore Connector (SSC) program, developed to replace the existing fleet of LCACs.

Notes and references

Manufacturing companies based in Louisiana
Firearm manufacturers of the United States
Military vehicle manufacturers
Companies based in New Orleans
Defense companies of the United States
Slidell, Louisiana
Textron
Adipoyl chloride. Adipoyl chloride (or adipoyl dichloride) is the organic compound with the formula (CH2CH2C(O)Cl)2. It is a clear brown liquid. It reacts with water to give adipic acid.

It is prepared by treatment of adipic acid with thionyl chloride.
Adipoyl chloride reacts with hexamethylenediamine to form nylon 6,6.

See also
 Adipamide
 Adiponitrile

References

External links 
 MSDS Safety data 

Acyl chlorides
Monomers
Deville–Pechiney process. The Deville–Pechiney process, also known as the Le Châtelier process, was the first industrial process used to produce alumina from bauxite.

The Frenchman Henri Sainte-Claire Deville invented the process in 1859, in collaboration with Louis Le Châtelier. In 1860, Deville sold his aluminium interests to Henri Merle, a founder of Compagnie d'Alais et de la Camargue, later known as Pechiney. It is based on the extraction of alumina with sodium carbonate.

The first stage is the calcination of the bauxite at 1200 °C with sodium carbonate and coke. The alumina is converted in sodium aluminate.  Iron oxide remains unchanged and silica forms a polysilicate.  

In the second stage sodium hydroxide solution is added, which dissolves the sodium aluminate, leaving the impurities as a solid residue.  The amount of sodium hydroxide solution needed depends upon the amount of silica present in the raw material. The solution is filtered off; carbon dioxide is bubbled through the solution, causing aluminium hydroxide to precipitate, leaving a solution of sodium carbonate.  The latter can be recovered and reused in the first stage.

The aluminium hydroxide is calcined to produce alumina.

The process was used in France at Salindres  until 1923 and in Germany and Great Britain until the outbreak of the Second World War.

While it has largely been replaced by the Bayer process, an updated version is still in use for processing high-silica bauxite.

Further reading

See also
Bayer process
History of aluminium
Orbite process

References

Translated from the French Wikipedia article "Extraction de l'alumine".

Industrial processes
Aluminium industry

fr:Extraction de l'alumine
Lattice truss bridge. A lattice truss bridge is a form of truss bridge that uses many small, closely spaced diagonal elements forming a lattice. The design was patented in 1820 by architect Ithiel Town.

Originally a means of erecting a substantial bridge from mere planks employing lower–skilled labor, rather than heavy timbers and more expensive carpenters and equipment, the lattice truss has also been constructed using many relatively light iron or steel members. The individual elements are more easily handled by the construction workers, but the bridge also requires substantial support during construction. A simple lattice truss will transform the applied loads into a thrust, as the bridge will tend to change length under load. This is resisted by pinning the lattice members to the top and bottom chords, which are more substantial than the lattice members, but which may also be fabricated from relatively small elements rather than large beams.

Belfast truss

The Belfast truss is a cross between Town's lattice truss and the bowstring truss. It was developed in Ireland as a wide-span shallow rise roof truss for industrial structures. McTear & Co of Belfast, Ireland began fabricating these trusses in wood starting around 1866. By 1899, spans of  had been achieved, and in the 20th century, shipyards and airplane hangars demanded ever greater clear spans.

Wood lattice truss bridges

Bartonsville Covered Bridge
Brown Covered Bridge
Burt Henry Covered Bridge
Cornish-Windsor Covered Bridge
Euharlee Covered Bridge
Green River Covered Bridge
Kingsley Covered Bridge
Newton Falls Covered Bridge, Newton Falls, Ohio
Poole's Mill Covered Bridge
Root Road Covered Bridge
Waterford Covered Bridge
Watson Mill Covered Bridge
Windsor Mills Covered Bridge
Worrall Covered Bridge
Frankenfield Covered Bridge
Uhlerstown Covered Bridge, Pennsylvania
Van Tran Flat Bridge
Zehnder's Holz Brucke

Iron or steel lattice truss bridges

Howard Carroll built the first completely wrought-iron lattice truss bridge.  This was built for the New York Central Railroad in 1859.
Bennerley Viaduct
Bridge in Brown Township
Dowery Dell Viaduct, also known as Hunnington or Frankley Viaduct
Kew Railway Bridge
Norwottuck Rail Trail Bridge
Willow Creek Bridge (1913), in Pierce County, Nebraska
Upper Slate Run Bridge (1890), a 'quintangular' lattice truss in Lycoming County, Pennsylvania

See also

Lattice girder
Brown truss

References

External links
Picture and description of Town's lattice truss 
Watson Mill Bridge, Georgia, US

Truss bridges by type
LOOM (ontology). Loom is a knowledge representation language developed by researchers in the artificial intelligence research group at the University of Southern California's Information Sciences Institute. The leader of the Loom project and primary architect for Loom was Robert MacGregor. The research was primarily sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA).

Loom is a frame-based language in the tradition of KL-ONE. As with KL-ONE, Loom has a formal semantics that maps declarations in Loom to statements in set theory and first-order logic. This formal semantics enables a type of theorem prover engine called a classifier. The classifier can analyze Loom models (known as ontologies) and deduce various things about the model. For example, the classifier can discover new classes or change the subclass/superclass relations in the model. The classifier can also detect inconsistencies in the model declaration. This is a very powerful and fairly unusual capability in that it is capable of doing analysis at the ontology level, the level of declarations rather than at the implementation level as most inference engines do.

The Loom project's goal is the development and fielding of advanced tools for knowledge representation and reasoning in artificial intelligence. Specifically to enable code to be generated from provably valid domain models.

Loom is a language and environment for constructing intelligent applications. At its heart is a knowledge representation and reasoning system that combines a Frame-based language with an automatic classifier engine. Declarative knowledge in Loom consists of definitions, rules, facts, and default rules. A deductive engine called a classifier utilizes forward chaining, semantic unification, and object-oriented truth maintenance technologies in order to compile the declarative knowledge into a network designed to efficiently support on-line deductive query processing.

The Loom system implements a logic-based pattern matcher that drives a production rule facility and a pattern-directed method dispatching facility that supports the definition of object-oriented methods. The high degree of integration between Loom's declarative and procedural components permits programmers to utilize logic programming, production rule, and object-oriented programming paradigms in a single application. Loom can also be used as a deductive layer that overlays an ordinary CLOS (Common Lisp Object System) network. In this mode, users can obtain many of the benefits of using Loom without impacting the function or performance of their CLOS-based applications.

Loom has recently been succeeded by PowerLoom.

References

External links
Loom
PowerLoom Knowledge Representation & Reasoning System

Knowledge representation languages
Declarative programming languages
Common Lisp (programming language) software
Ontology (information science)
Steric factor. The steric factor, usually denoted ρ, is a quantity used in collision theory.

Also called the probability factor, the steric factor is defined as the ratio between the  experimental  value of the rate constant and the one predicted by collision theory. It can also be defined as the ratio between the pre-exponential factor and the collision frequency, and it is most often less than unity.  Physically, the steric factor can be interpreted as the ratio of the cross section for reactive collisions to the total collision cross section.

Usually, the more complex the reactant molecules, the lower the steric factors. Nevertheless, some reactions exhibit steric factors greater than unity: the harpoon reactions, which involve atoms that exchange electrons, producing ions. The deviation from unity can have different causes: the molecules are not spherical, so different geometries are possible; not all the kinetic energy is delivered into the right spot; the presence of a solvent (when applied to solutions); and so on.

When collision theory is applied to reactions in solution, the solvent cage has an effect on the reactant molecules, as several collisions can take place in a single encounter, which leads to predicted preexponential factors being too large. ρ values greater than unity can be attributed to favorable entropic contributions.

Usually there is no simple way to accurately estimate steric factors without performing trajectory or scattering calculations. It is also more commonly known as the frequency factor.

Notes

Chemical kinetics
Physical chemistry
Dancing tree. In computer science, a dancing tree is a tree data structure similar to B+ trees. It was invented by Hans Reiser, for use by the Reiser4 file system.  As opposed to self-balancing binary search trees that attempt to keep their nodes balanced at all times, dancing trees only balance their nodes when flushing data to a disk (either because of memory constraints or because a transaction has completed).

The idea behind this is to speed up file system operations by delaying optimization of the tree and only writing to disk when necessary, as writing to disk is thousands of times slower than writing to memory.  Also, because this optimization is done less often than with other tree data structures, the optimization can be more extensive.

In some sense, this can be considered to be a self-balancing binary search tree that is optimized for storage on a slow medium, in that the on-disc form will always be balanced but will get no mid-transaction writes; doing so eases the difficulty of adding and removing nodes during a transaction.  Instead, these slow rebalancing operations are performed at the same time as the much slower write to the storage medium.

However, a negative side effect of this behavior manifests in cases of unexpected shutdown, incomplete data writes, and other occurrences that may prevent the final balanced transaction from completing. In general, dancing trees pose greater difficulty than conventional trees for data recovery from incomplete transactions, though this can be addressed by more thoroughly accounting for transacted data.

References

External links 
Software Engineering Based Reiser4 Design Principles
Description of the Reiser4 internal tree

Computer file systems
B-tree
EMD SW1504. The EMD SW1504 is a  diesel-electric switcher locomotive built by General Motors' Electro-Motive Division. The type was sold only to Mexico's national railroad, Ferrocarriles Nacionales de México; 60 examples were built between May and August 1973. With the breakup of NdeM, the locomotives have been passed to the variety of successor railroad operators in Mexico; some have been sold to leasing companies in the USA.

See also 
List of GM-EMD locomotives

References 
 Laundry, Mark. The Yard Limit: EMD SW1504. Retrieved on March 23, 2005.
 
 Trainweb.org. The Unofficial EMD Homepage. Retrieved on March 23, 2005.
 McCall, S.A. EMD Switcher Dimensional Data. Retrieved on March 23, 2005.

External links 

EMD SW1504 photos at rrpicturearchives.net

B-B locomotives
SW1504
Diesel–electric locomotives of the United States
Diesel–electric locomotives of Mexico
Standard gauge locomotives of the United States
Standard gauge locomotives of Mexico
Shunting locomotives
OpenFX (software). OpenFX is an open-source, free modeling and animation studio, distributed under the GNU General Public License, created by Dr. Stuart Ferguson. He made the decision to release the source code to the public in the middle of 1999 and released a stable version a year and a half later. The product, formerly named SoftF/X, was renamed to OpenFX.

The OpenFX featureset includes a full renderer and raytracing engine, NURBS support, kinematics-based animation, morphing, and an extensive plugin API. Plugin capabilities include image post processor effects such as lens flare, fog and depth of field. Animation effects such as explosions, waves and dissolves add to the flexibility of the program. Version 2.0 also features support for modern graphics cards with hardware GPU acceleration.

OpenFX supports the Win32 platform, including Windows 2000, XP, Vista, 7 and 8. It can run under Unix-based platforms by using the Wine compatibility layer.

Release history

 Plug-in 
 Video software, such as GenArts Sapphire or REVison Effects which adds a wider variety of effects to a host application.

External links

 
 Queen's University of Belfast, 3D Graphics and Animation

Free animation software
Free 3D graphics software
Windows-only free software
Free software programmed in C
Software using the GNU General Public License
Technical, Administrative and Supervisory Section. The Technical, Administrative and Supervisory Section (TASS) was a British trade union.

History
The union was founded in 1913 by 200 draughtsmen, as the Association of Engineering and Shipbuilding Draughtsmen (AESD).  It expanded rapidly, and had more than 14,000 member by the end of the decade.  Although it declined during the Great Depression, it retained most of its members by offering unemployment benefit, and by 1939 established a new high of 23,000 members, this rising to 44,000 by the end of World War II and over 75,000 by 1968.  From 1960, it accepted technicians in ancillary roles, changing its name to the Draughtsmen's and Allied Technicians' Association (DATA).

In 1970, DATA amalgamated with the Amalgamated Union of Engineering and Foundry Workers (AUEFW) and Constructional Engineering Union (CEU) to form the Amalgamated Union of Engineering Workers (AUEW).  The former members of DATA formed the Technical and Supervisory Section of the new union.  At the 1973 Representative Council Conference it was agreed to rename it the Technical, Administrative and Supervisory Section (TASS).

In 1985, after considerable problems within the AUEW, TASS broke away to become an independent union.

TASS absorbed the National Union of Gold, Silver and Allied Trades (NUGSAT) in 1981, the National Union of Sheet Metal Workers, Coppersmiths, Heating and Domestic Engineers in 1983, the Association of Patternmakers and Allied Craftsmen in 1984, the Tobacco Workers' Union in 1986, and the National Society of Metal Mechanics in 1987.

In 1988, it merged with the Association of Scientific, Technical and Managerial Staffs (ASTMS) to become the Manufacturing Science and Finance Union (MSF). MSF in turn merged with the AEEU to form Amicus in 2002. This resulted in TASS and the former AUEW (by then part of the AEEU) being re-united within one union.

Election results
The union sponsored Labour Party candidates in each Parliamentary election from 1950 onwards.

Leadership

General Secretaries
1913: L. Blair
1918: Peter Doig
1945: James Young
1952: George Doughty
1974: Ken Gill

Assistant General Secretaries
1919: David Manteklow
1920: David Manteklow and James Young
1929: Post vacant
1946: John Holland
1956: J. Dickinson

Deputy General Secretaries
1968: Ken Gill
1973: John Forrester
1979: Eric Winterbottom
1983: Barbara Switzer

References

External links
Catalogue of the TASS archives, held at the Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick.
Catalogue of the DATA archives, held at the Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick.

 
1913 establishments in the United Kingdom
1988 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Amalgamated Engineering Union
Defunct trade unions of the United Kingdom
Trade unions established in 1913
Trade unions disestablished in 1988
Trade unions based in London
Pinwheel (cryptography). In cryptography, a pinwheel was a device for producing a short pseudorandom sequence of bits (determined by the machine's initial settings), as a component in a cipher machine. A pinwheel consisted of a rotating wheel with a certain number of positions on its periphery. Each position had a "pin", "cam" or "lug" which could be either "set" or "unset". As the wheel rotated, each of these pins would in turn affect other parts of the machine, producing a series of "on" or "off" pulses which would repeat after one full rotation of the wheel. If the machine contained more than one wheel, usually their periods would be relatively prime to maximize the combined period. Pinwheels might be turned through a purely mechanical action (as in the M-209) or electromechanically (as in the Lorenz SZ 40/42).

Development
The Swedish engineer Boris Caesar Wilhelm Hagelin is credited with having invented the first pinwheel device in 1925. He developed the machine while employed by Emanuel Nobel to oversee the Nobel interests in Aktiebolaget Cryptograph. He was the nephew of the founder of the Nobel Prize. The device was later introduced in France and Hagelin was awarded the French order of merit, Legion d'Honneur, for his work. One of the earliest cipher machines that Hagaelin developed was the C-38 and was later improved into the more portable Hagelin m-209. The M-209 is composed of a set of pinwheels and a rotating cage.

Other cipher machines which used pinwheels include the C-52, the CD-57 and the Siemens and Halske T52.

Pinwheels can be viewed as a predecessor to the electronic linear-feedback shift register (LFSR), used in later cryptosystems.

See also
 Rotor machine

References

Encryption devices
Cryptographic hardware