omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Reactive devaluation. Reactive devaluation is a cognitive bias that occurs when a proposal is devalued if it appears to originate from an antagonist. The bias was proposed by Lee Ross and Constance Stillinger (1988).

Reactive devaluation could be caused by loss aversion or attitude polarization, or naïve realism.

Studies
In an initial experiment, Stillinger and co-authors asked pedestrians in the US whether they would support a drastic bilateral nuclear arms reduction program. If they were told the proposal came from President Ronald Reagan, 90 percent said it would be favorable or even-handed to the United States; if they were told the proposal came from a group of unspecified policy analysts, 80 percent thought it was favorable or even; but, if respondents were told it came from Mikhail Gorbachev only 44 percent thought it was favorable or neutral to the United States.

In another experiment, a contemporaneous controversy at Stanford University led to the university divesting of South African assets because of the apartheid regime. Students at Stanford were asked to evaluate the University's divestment plan before it was announced publicly and after such. Proposals including the actual eventual proposal were valued more highly when they were hypothetical.

In another study, experimenters showed Israeli participants a peace proposal which had been actually proposed by Israel. If participants were told the proposal came from a Palestinian source, they rated it lower than if they were told (correctly) the identical proposal came from the Israeli government. If participants identified as "hawkish" were told it came from a "dovish" Israeli government, they believed it was relatively bad for their people and good for the other side, but not if participants identified as "doves".

See also
Genetic fallacy
Bulverism
In-group favoritism

References

Cognitive biases
Elgea-Urkilla eolic park. Elgea-Urkilla eolic park is a wind farm in Spain which was authorized to be built on 23 August 1999 by the union of Iberdrola Ente Vasco and Sociedad de Eolicas de Euskadi, S.A. Its construction took 6 months and it is situated between Alava and Gipuzkoa, powering villages such as Barrundia, San Millan, Eskoriatza and Aretxabaleta. The park also reaches the limits of the Aizkorri-Aratz Natural Park. It fills , with 40 towers, twenty-seven of which are in Alava. The park's construction created a wide protest because of the site's impact.

Amount of energy

The Elgea-Urkilla eolic park will generate 66 million kW, sufficient for 100,000 people. The 40 aerogenerators of 600 kW will generate electricity at a 690 V tension, elevated to 20 kV because of the transformer 0.69/20 kV inside the central tower of each generator. The mills are interconnected creating three half tensioned groups from which underground connections connect the generator and the transformer´s substation. The substation, which is situated at  from the 40th generator, elevates the tension to 220 kV. Finally the energy is sent to the Vitoria-Itxaso line, property of Iberdrola, and providing power to Alava and some villages of Gipuzkoa. This park will reduce the carbon dioxide emissions by 60,000 tonnes along with 240,000 tonnes of sulphur dioxide.

Environmental and natural impact
The Elgea-Urkilla eolic park project was presented at the Spanish Viceconsejería de Medio Ambiente in order to examine the environmental impact. The eolic park passed this examination, but the government added environmental conditions, including a requirement to build the substation on the valley floor. This change cost 224.999.588 PTA.

Naturalists or groups against this project
Eugenio Ruiz Urrestarazu
The Gipuzkoa Federation of Mountain and Climbing Sports
Euskal Herritarrok

Characteristics
The underground electric connections are made of nine copper conductors with a diameter of . Two have a DHZ1 12/20 kV isolation buried directly at a depth of .

References

External links

 The World Wind Energy Association WWEA

Parks in Spain
Geography of the Basque Country (autonomous community)
Wind farms in Spain
Chaudhary Devi Lal Memorial Government Engineering College. The Ch. Devi Lal State Institute Of Engineering & Technology (abbreviated CDLSIET) is a public government engineering institution located in Sirsa, Haryana. It is among the four engineering college run by the Government of Haryana, the other being  State Institute of Engineering & Technology, Nilokheri (Karnal), Rao Bijender Singh State Institute of Engineering & Technology, Rewari and Ch. Ranbir Singh State Institute of Engineering & Technology, Jhajjar.

See also
 List of universities in India
 Universities and colleges in India
 Education in India
 List of institutions of higher education in Haryana

References

External links
 Official Website
 cdlmgec@fb
 cdlmgecStudents@fb
 cdlmgec@youth4work

Engineering colleges in Haryana
Educational institutions established in 2003
2003 establishments in Haryana
Government universities and colleges in India
Sirsa district
Bentley EXP 9 F. The Bentley EXP 9 F is a concept car produced by Bentley and first shown to the public at the 2012 Geneva Motor Show,  and is the concept SUV for the Bentayga.

A luxury SUV capable of seating four adults, the concept was designed by Dirk van Braeckel and developed by Bentley Crewe's based design department. The concept is powered by a re-engineered version of the existing 6.0-litre petrol W12 engine, but in production could also be available with a V8 diesel engine or a V6-based plug-in hybrid powertrain. It is based on the Volkswagen Group PL71 platform, the same platform used in the other Volkswagen Group large SUVs including the Audi Q7, Porsche Cayenne and Volkswagen Touareg.

In July 2013, Bentley announced the production of an SUV Model for 2016, based on the next-generation Volkswagen Group large SUV platform. Called Bentayga, Bentley's first production SUV will become the company's fourth model alongside the Continental GT, Flying Spur, and the Mulsanne.

Gallery

References

External links

Luxury sport utility vehicles
EXP 9 F
AISoy1. AISoy1, developed by the Spanish company AISoy Robotics, is a pet-robot considered to be one of the first emotional-learning robots for the consumer market. Its software platform  allows it to interpret stimuli from its sensors network, in order to gain information from its environment and take decisions based on logical and emotional criteria. Unlike other previously developed robots, AISoy1 has not a single collection of programmed answers, but its behavior is dynamic and results unpredictable. The dialogue system and the advanced recognition system allow it to interact with humans as well as robots.

Features 
The robot is based on the Linux operating system with a Texas Instruments OMAP 3503 (ARM Cortex A8) processor at 600 MHz. It has a 1 GB NAND FLASH memory, 256 MB MOBILE DDR SDRAM, and a microSD card slot to increase its memory.

AISoy1 has various sensors, including temperature, 3D orientation, environmental brightness, touch and force sensors. It is equipped with a radio communication module as well as an integrated 1Mpx camera, allowing it to visually recognize users.

Human Interaction 

The AISoy1 robots develop a unique personality based on their past experiences with the user. As they develop a relationship with their user, they improve their speech ability and feeling capacities. They are able to display up to 14 different emotional states.

AISoy1 can be commanded to perform different activities through voice commands, such as engaging in games, playing music, or saving information. Users wanting to extend the functionality of AISoy1 can do so through the platform DIA, which allows quick creation of programs through a graphical tool. More advanced users can integrate hardware and develop complex programs through the SDK from AISoy.

References

External links 
 Official Website of AISoy Robotics (Spanish and English).

Social robots
Robotic animals
2010 robots
Robots of Spain
John Karidis. John Karidis (Born, Pittsburgh PA, April 14, 1958 - Died, New York, March 5, 2012) was a Greek-American mechanical engineer, inventor, and an Emeritus Distinguished Engineer at the IBM T.J. Watson Research Center. He graduated with BS, MS & PhD, (1976-1983) in Mechanical Engineering from Penn State University.

John Karidis was an inventor with 83 U.S. patents granted to date. His list of patents  include various inventions on computer user interfaces, thermal solutions, printing devices, orthopedic devices, and computer memory systems.

John Karidis was best known for designing the butterfly keyboard of the IBM ThinkPad 701. The unusual patented design had two jigsaw puzzle like interlocking pieces which were tucked in the laptop when the display lid was closed. Then, the keyboard would fold out horizontally to make a wider keyboard when the display lid was opened. The "Butterfly" laptop attracted much attention and became an instant classic when it was first introduced in 1995.  It is being displayed in the permanent collection of the Museum of Modern Art in Manhattan (MoMA), New York. It has also been used by James Bond in the film GoldenEye.

IBM did not continue the Butterfly keyboard after the ThinkPad 701 model. John Karidis told in a 2001 interview that "The butterfly keyboard was no longer necessary, because people moved to larger displays. Where the butterfly approach makes sense is where you want the largest keyboard possible in combination with an 8-inch or 10-inch display." However, 17 years after its introduction to market, there are still calls for bringing the Butterfly keyboard back to netbooks which suffer from small keyboards.

Another of John Karidis inventions was one of the world's fastest robotic probing systems, called the "Hummingbird minipositioner". This robot can probe and test 40-100 contacts per second on very fine geometry multi-chip modules. The design is used as an exemplar of engineering and robotic discipline in courses at Johns Hopkins University, the University of Michigan, and McGill University.

Another of John Karidis inventions was the "Start-Gap Wear Leveling" method and the highly cited paper which was awarded the 2021 NVMW Persistent Impact Prize in recognition of its contribution to wear-leveling techniques for persistent memories: "an elegant, efficient, and easily-implemented solution to the wear-leveling problem and has become the de-facto standard wear-leveling technique in low-latency non-volatile memory research."

Penn State University has established the Dr. John P. Karidis Department Head's Award for Research Achievement in Mechanical Engineering. The award recognizes mechanical engineering students who have made important contributions in advancing research in his or her selected areas of study.

References

1958 births
2012 deaths
21st-century American inventors
IBM employees
The Tree of Spirits. The Tree of Spirits () is a 2005 Burkinabé film.

Synopsis
In the desert savannah, Kodou and Tano meet Ayoka, the caretaker of a century old tree that a contractor wants to cut down. Kodou, guided by Ayoka, seeks his ancestors to ask for their help. Tano stays at the tree to protect it. But the ancestors can only advise him, the children must find the solution themselves. They discover that the gigantic baobab is a door between two worlds. The spirit of the rain, trapped by the spirit of the drought, can't come back to Earth. Without the sacred baobab, the road to Earth will remain closed forever and nature's balance will be shattered.

References

2005 films
Burkinabé drama films
Burkinabé short films
Sense (programming). Sense is an educational programming environment created by The Open University (OU) in the United Kingdom. It uses a drag-and-drop programming environment designed to teach students the fundamentals of computer programming, using different shape and colour "blocks" selected from a palette of available commands, meaning that the student needs no prior experience of programming nor need to learn a syntax. It is based on the Scratch programming language developed by the MIT Media Lab, and uses .sb files like Scratch but the two pieces of software cannot use each other's files.

The Sense programming environment is designed to work in conjunction with the SenseBoard, a specialised piece of hardware which connects to a user's computer via a USB connection. The SenseBoard has different input types such as sensors for infrared, light, sound (microphone), and temperature (thermometer), and outputs such as a motor and light emitting diodes (LEDs).

Sense and the SenseBoard are primarily used as part of the OU's My Digital Life (TU100) module, but is also used to a lesser degree on other modules. Sense was trialed in London schools in late 2012.

References

External links

Visual programming languages
Educational programming languages
Pedagogic integrated development environments
2008 software
Smalltalk programming language family
Open University
Musselburgh and District Electric Light and Traction Company. Musselburgh and District Electric Light and Traction Company operated a passenger tramway service in Musselburgh between 1904 and 1928.

History

The National Electric Construction Company built a 3-mile tramway in Musselburgh from the terminus of the Edinburgh cable-hauled tramway at Joppa, to Levenhall. This opened for service on 12 December 1904. In August 1905 the NEC set up the Musselburgh and District Electric Light and Traction Company to operate the line, and the system was expanded with an extension to Tranent Road in Cockenzie opening on 5 August 1909, and on 31 December 1909 to Port Seton bringing the total single line route to 6.55 miles.

Due to narrow streets, the line was mostly single track, with passing loops at various places.

Construction of the Port Seton Golf Club course was largely funded by the company, as their terminus was midway along the proposed course. It opened in 1912, utilising 100 acres of land leased from Francis Charteris, 10th Earl of Wemyss. The club sponsored the Port Seton Professional Tournament in June 1914 to promote the course.

Closure

The line closed on 25 February 1928. Edinburgh Corporation Tramways assumed responsibility for through services as far as Levenhall. The remaining section was replaced by motor buses.

Remnants
Near Morrison's Haven, a section of one double-track loop about 58m in length and laid in setts survives, and was uncovered at some point for educational purposes. It is thought other sections still survive beneath the tarmacced roads.

References

Tram transport in Scotland
Edinburgh Trams
Transport in Edinburgh
History of Edinburgh
1904 establishments in Scotland
1928 disestablishments in Scotland
British companies disestablished in 1928
British companies established in 1904
Franca IDL. Franca Interface Definition Language (Franca IDL) is a formally defined, text-based interface description language. It is part of the Franca framework, which is a framework for definition and transformation of software interfaces. Franca applies model transformation techniques to interoperate with various interface description languages (e.g., D-Bus Introspection language, Apache Thrift IDL, Fibex Services). 

Franca is a powerful framework for definition and transformation of software interfaces. It is used for integrating software components from different suppliers, which are built based on various runtime frameworks, platforms and IPC mechanisms. The core of it is Franca IDL(Interface Definition Language), which is a textual language for specification of APIs.

History
The initial version of Franca was developed by the GENIVI Alliance, now called COVESA (Connected Vehicle Systems Alliance), in 2011 being a common interface description language used for the standardization
of an In-Vehicle Infotainment (IVI) platform. The first public version of Franca was released in March 2012 under the Eclipse Public License, version 1.0.
In 2013, Franca has been proposed as an official Eclipse foundation project.
Franca is mainly developed by the German company Itemis.

Features
Franca IDL provides a range of features for the specification of software interfaces:
 declaration of interface elements: attributes, methods, broadcasts
 major/minor versioning scheme
 specification of the dynamic behaviour of interfaces based on finite-state machines (Protocol State Machines, short: PSM)
 storage of meta-information (e.g., author, description, links) using structured comments
 user-defined data types (i.e., array, enumeration, structure, union, map, type alias)
 inheritance for interfaces, enumerations and structures

Architecture
In addition to the text-based IDL for the specification of interfaces, Franca provides an HTML documentation generator.

Franca is implemented based on the Eclipse (software) tool platform. For the definition of the actual Franca IDL, the Xtext framework is used. For the user of Franca, this offers a list of benefits for the activity of reviewing and specifying software interfaces.

See also
 Model transformation
 Automatic programming
 Eclipse (software)
 Eclipse Modeling Framework
 Xtext

References

External links
  (at Eclipse Labs)

Resources
 

Specification languages
Data modeling languages
Inter-process communication
Component-based software engineering
Eclipse (software)
Object models
Remote procedure call
Object-oriented programming
Algerian Institute of Standardization. The Algerian Institute of Standardization () (AIOS-IANOR), was erected in a public industrial and commercial fields (EPIC) by Executive Decree No. 98-69 of February 21, 1998, as part of restructuring INAPI (Algerian Institute of Standardization and Industrial Property).

See also 
 ASCII
 Fortran
 ANSI C
 ANSI ASC X9
 ANSI ASC X12
 ANSI escape code
 ANSI-SPARC Architecture
 National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
 Institute of Nuclear Materials Management (INMM)
 Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology (IEST)
 Accredited Crane Operator Certification
 Open standards

External links 
 official Web site

Organizations established in 1998
Standards organisations in Algeria
ISO member bodies
1998 establishments in Algeria
Rock Island Clean Line. The Rock Island Clean Line was a proposed 500-mile high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission line. The stated purpose of the line was to transport electrical power from wind energy dense states in the Midwestern United States (Iowa, Nebraska, South Dakota and Minnesota) to the energy markets in the Chicago, Illinois, and cities further east.  The planned line would run from the Sanborn, Iowa area to near Morris, Illinois. The developer, Clean Line Energy Partners, originally targeted an operational date of 2017.

The region where the line would start has large potential for wind generation, but currently already can produce all the electricity it can use or transport out of the region on existing transmission lines. The line would have the capacity to transport up to 3500 megawatts of power out of the region. An economic study for the line estimates that it could transmit the power of eight 500 MW wind farms in the Siouxland area.

The Federal Electricity Regulatory Commission approved the line in May 2012. In November 2014, the Illinois Commerce Commission approved it. , the Iowa Utilities Board has not yet approved it.

Opposition to the Rock Island Clean Line was organized by Block RICL, which claims that the line will carry mostly non-wind energy (i.e., coal) and will use an unreasonably large amount of land.

As of 2022, the status of the project is that it is completely dead. Clean Line withdrew its application to the Iowa Utilities Board in 2017, and Clean Line lost a decision of the Illinowas Supreme Court which held that Clean Line did not meet the ownership requirements to be a public utility in Illinois. Thus, the entire project has been killed by the two states. Clean Line is out of business and has let go all of its employees.

See also
Wind power in Illinois
Wind power in Iowa

References

External links
 Rock Island Clean Line Website

High-voltage direct current
Transmission lines
ACE Amandla Charter High School. ACE Amandla Charter High School (formerly known as ACE Technical Charter High School), is a public four-year charter high school located in the Chicago Lawn neighborhood in Chicago, Illinois, United States. Opened for the 2004–2005 school year, the school is operated by Amandla Charter Schools. The name ACE stands for Architecture, Construction, and Engineering.

History and Student Body
ACE Amandla Charter High School was founded in 2004  by a group of construction industry professionals and entrepreneurs. This collection of pioneers desired to introduce Chicago youth to careers in Architecture, Construction, and Engineering. ACE Amandla Board of Directors is composed of education professionals, entrepreneurs, and construction industry professionals. ACE Tech serves approximately 500 students from Chicago's South Loop, Washington Park, Back of the Yards, Gage Park, Englewood and surrounding south side neighborhoods. While many students are interested in these industries, ACE Amandla caters to students with a wide variety of interests and aspirations.

ACE Amandla first location was 5410 South State Street in the Washington Park neighborhood on the south side. During that time, the school was operated by the Chicago Public Schools district. ACE Amandla was housed in the former Mary Terrell Elementary School building, a Chicago public school which closed after the 2001–02 school year. In 2018, ACE Amandla (Then called ACE Tech) merged with Amandla Charter Schools, creating ACE Amandla Charter High School and relocating to its present location.

Academics  
Amandla Charter School is rated a 2 out of 10 by GreatSchools.org, a national school quality information site. GreatSchools’ Summary Rating is based on four of the school’s themed ratings: the Test Score Rating, Student or Academic Progress Rating, College Readiness Rating, and Equity Rating and flags for discipline and attendance disparities at a school.

Admissions/Internships
ACE Amandla is a lottery based school. 150 incoming freshmen students are accepted each year. There is no standard test or any placement exams required. 
ACE Amandla provides a full continuum of Special Education services, and does not discriminate against students with disabilities.  All completed student  applications are given a number and are chosen through a blind lottery.

Athletics
Under the operations of Chicago Public Schools, ACE Amandla competed in the Chicago Public League (CPL), and was a member of the Illinois High School Association (IHSA) as Ace Tech. ACE Amandla teams were stylized as the Bobcats. ACE Amandla endeavored to provide its students with as many opportunities for athletic competition as possible. ACE Amandla Athletic Program had a wide array of sporting opportunities considering the school's size of 500 students.

Currently ACE Tech offers:

Boys' Baseball
Girls' and Boys' Basketball
Cheerleading & Dance
Girls' & Boys' Cross-Country
Girls' & Boys' Soccer
Softball
Girls' & Boys' Track
Girls' Volleyball

References

Educational institutions established in 2004
Public high schools in Chicago
2004 establishments in Illinois