omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Perl DBI. In computing, the Perl DBI (Perl Database Interface) offers a standardized way for programmers using the Perl programming language to embed database communication within their programs. The latest DBI module for Perl from CPAN can run on a range of operating systems.

History 

In September 1992, Buzz Moschetti, creator of interperl, observed that several bespoke compiled extensions of perl (at the time, perl version 4 or more commonly perl4) featuring connectivity to popular SQL-based databases had emerged, namely Interbase, Informix, Oracle, and Sybase.  He
engaged the authors of these bespoke versions  with the idea of creating a common interface layer to the databases separate from the specifics of the underlying implementations.  Tim Bunce took the lead and began specifying what would become the DBI module in 1994 upon the release of perl5 which eliminated the need for bespoke compilation in favor of dynamic, invocation time loading of libraries (modules).  the Perl community maintains DBI as a CPAN module in accordance with the open-source model. DBD (DataBase Driver) modules serve as plug-ins to DBI, allowing programmers to use near-database-independent SQL code in their applications. Programmers can also use the DBI and DBD modules indirectly using one of the object-relational mappers available for Perl, such as DBIx::Class, for more database-independent code with no need to write SQL.

Features 

The DBI and DBD Perl packages allow Perl programmers to access many database environments in a standard way. The system implements each supported database environment as a DBD driver, in much the same way that hardware devices from multiple vendors can operate with different CPU platforms. Prospective DBD users can download DBD implementations from the Internet. DBD implementations exist for proprietary products such as IBM Db2, Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle and for free-software databases such as SQLite, PostgreSQL, Firebird and MySQL.

Similar projects 

PHP 5 has a similar interface called PHP Data Objects (PDO). Java's Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) is also similar.

References

External links 

 
 DBI module documentation on MetaCPAN
 DBD drivers on MetaCPAN

Perl modules
Attack vector. In computer security, an attack vector is a specific path, method, or scenario that can be exploited to break into an IT system, thus compromising its security. The term was derived from the corresponding notion of vector in biology. An attack vector may be exploited manually, automatically, or through a combination of manual and automatic activity.

Often, this is a multi-step process. For instance, malicious code (code that the user did not consent to being run and that performs actions the user would not consent to) often operates by being added to a harmless seeming document made available to an end user. When the unsuspecting end user opens the document, the malicious code in question (known as the payload) is executed and performs the abusive tasks it was programmed to execute, which may include things such as spreading itself further, opening up unauthorized access to the IT system, stealing or encrypting the user's documents, etc.

In order to limit the chance of discovery once installed, the code in question is often obfuscated by layers of seemingly harmless code.

Some common attack vectors:
 exploiting buffer overflows; this is how the Blaster worm was able to propagate.
 exploiting webpages and email supporting the loading and subsequent execution of JavaScript or other types of scripts without properly limiting their powers.
 exploiting networking protocol flaws to perform unauthorized actions at the other end of a network connection.
 phishing: sending deceptive messages to end users to entice them to reveal confidential information, such as passwords.

See also

References

Computer viruses
Computer worms
Deposition (chemistry). In chemistry, deposition occurs when molecules settle out of a solution. Deposition can be defined as the process of direct transition of a substance from its gaseous form, on cooling, into a solid state without passing through the intermediate liquid state.

Deposition can be viewed as a reverse process to dissolution or particle re-entrainment.

See also
 Atomic layer deposition
 Chemical vapor deposition
 Deposition (physics)
 Fouling
 Physical vapor deposition
 Thin-film deposition
 Fused filament fabrication
 Precipitation (chemistry)

References 

Chemical processes
Physical chemistry
Trichlorosilane. Trichlorosilane (TCS) is an inorganic compound with the formula HCl3Si.  It is a colourless, volatile liquid.  Purified trichlorosilane is the principal precursor to ultrapure silicon in the semiconductor industry.  In water, it rapidly decomposes to produce a siloxane polymer while giving off hydrochloric acid.  Because of its reactivity and wide availability, it is frequently used in the synthesis of silicon-containing organic compounds.

Production 
Trichlorosilane is produced by treating powdered metallurgical grade silicon with blowing hydrogen chloride at 300 °C.  Hydrogen is also produced, as described in the chemical equation:
Si + 3 HCl → HCl3Si + H2

Yields of 80-90% can be achieved. The main byproducts are silicon tetrachloride (chemical formula SiCl4), hexachlorodisilane (Si2Cl6) and dichlorosilane (H2SiCl2), from which trichlorosilane can be separated by distillation.

It is also produced from silicon tetrachloride:
Si + 3 SiCl4 + 2 H2 → 4 HCl3Si

Uses 
Trichlorosilane is the basic ingredient used in the production of purified polysilicon.
HCl3Si → Si + HCl + Cl2

It can be used in the Siemens process, which is a type of chemical vapor deposition process.

Ingredient in hydrosilylation
Via hydrosilylation, trichlorosilane is a precursor to other useful organosilicon compounds:
RCH=CH2 + HSiCl3 → RCH2CH2SiCl3
Some useful products of this or similar reactions include octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS), perfluoroctyltrichlorosilane (PFOTCS), and perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane (FDTS). These reagents used in surface science and nanotechnology to form self-assembled monolayers. Such layers containing fluorine decrease surface energy and reduce sticking. This effect is usually exploited as coating for MEMS and microfabricated stamps for a nanoimprint lithography (NIL) and in injection molding tools.

Organic synthesis
Trichlorosilane is a reagent in the conversion of benzoic acids to toluene derivatives. In the first step of a two-pot reaction, the carboxylic acid is first converted to the trichlosilylbenzyl compound.  In the second step, the benzylic silyl derivative is converted to the toluene derivative with base.

Safety 
Trichlorosilane is highly reactive, and may respond violently (and even explosively) to many compounds. This also includes water, potentially producing silicon dioxide, chlorine, hydrogen, hydrogen chloride (and its aqueous form hydrochloric acid), and heat. Trichlorosilane can cause hazardous chemical reactions with moisture and humidity alone, and should be handled and stored under inert gas. Spills of trichlorosilane may be neutralized using a 1-1 ratio of sodium hydroxide, or a 2-1 ratio of sodium bicarbonate to trichlorosilane. Fires can be extinguished using alcohol-resistant aqueous film-forming foam (AR-AFFF).

References

External links
 Semiconductors: Silicon: Substrate Manufacture: Polycrystalline silicon Production

Chlorosilanes
F22 (disambiguation). F22 and F-22 usually refer to:

 Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor, an American stealth fighter aircraft
 F-22 (series), a series of computer games by Novalogic
 F-22 Raptor (video game), a 1998 video game
 F-22: Air Dominance Fighter, a 1997 video game by Digital Image Design
 F-22 Interceptor, a 1991 video game by Electronic Arts for the Sega Mega Drive/Genesis
 F-22 Total Air War, a 1998 computer game from Infogrames for Windows 95

F22, F-22, F 22 or F.XXII may also refer to:

 F-22 (psychedelic), a drug
 Farrier F-22, a production trimaran sailboat designed in New Zealand by Ian Farrier of Farrier Marine
 Fokker F.XXII, a 1935 Dutch four-engined 22-passenger airliner
 General Avia F 22, a 1998 Italian two-seat monoplane
 F-22P Zulfiquar-class frigate of the Pakistan Navy
 76 mm divisional gun M1936 (F-22), a Soviet 76.2 mm divisional gun of the World War II era
 , a 1938 British Royal Navy J-class destroyer
 BMW 2 Series (F22)
 PRR F22, a Pennsylvania Railroad locomotive classification
 F 22 Kongo, a Swedish Air Force squadron participating in the United nations peace-keeping operations in Congo 1961–1964
 22, an F-number measure of photographic lens' aperture size
 F22, the ICD-10 code for persistent delusional disorders
 Fluorine-22 (F-22 or 22F), an isotope of fluorine
 Perry Municipal Airport (Oklahoma)
Riblet Tramway Company. The Riblet Tramway Company of Spokane, Washington, which operated from 1908 to 2003, was once the largest ski chairlift manufacturer in the world.

History
The company was founded by Byron Christian Riblet, who was born in Osage, Iowa, in 1865 and earned a degree in Civil Engineering. Arriving in Spokane in 1885, his first work was laying out railway and streetcar lines. He also built dams and irrigation projects.

In 1896, Riblet was contracted to erect an ore tramway designed by the Finlayson company at the Noble Five silver mine in Sandon, British Columbia, to assist in moving ore down Reco Mountain to the mill at Cody. Apparently Riblet thought he was coming to build a streetcar line. Even so, Riblet decided he could improve the mining tram performance. Over time, Riblet raised more aerial tramways in the booming mining district, building 30 in the next decade. Riblet returned to Spokane in 1908, after working in the Kootenays, to found the Riblet Tramway Company. The company, which specialized in mining tramways, built them in Alaska, Canada, the western United States, and South America.

Riblet built its first chairlift in 1938 at Mount Hood, Oregon. Byron Riblet died in 1952, but the company boomed with the postwar rise of ski resorts. Skiing gained in popularity, and soon ski lifts became the major part of the Riblet Tramway Company's business. They built more than 400 lifts, particularly in Washington, Oregon, and California, and as far away as Australia, New Zealand and Chile; one secondhand American lift has also been relocated to Pakistan. They have the most double chair lifts operating in the U.S.

1974 World's Fair
During Expo '74 Riblet built both the skyride a Gondola tramway over Spokane Falls and the A&W SkyFloat a chairlift that went over the fairgrounds.

After the World's Fair, the chairlift was dismantled and went to Schweitzer Mountain. The Gondola became one of the attractions at Riverfront Park and was replaced by a new Gondola system in 2005.

Decline
The company only built fixed-grip lifts, whose chair grip is woven into the haul rope rather than clamped onto it. But other technologies eventually proved more popular. In early 2003, the firm announced that it was no longer viable and would go out of business.

Installations 
Riblet chairlifts can be found in many places still in service, though the majority have been removed. The following tables contain those documented by liftblog.com as of September 5, 2021. More Riblet chairlifts may be in existence, though some listed below may have already been removed. At least 265 existing Riblet chairlifts still exist and 268 are no longer installed.

See also 
 Detachable chairlift:  the technological successor to the fixed-grip chairlift
 Magic Mile, Riblet's first chairlift

References

Sources

External links 
Company website

Aerial lift manufacturers
Defunct companies based in Spokane, Washington
Defunct manufacturing companies based in Washington (state)
American companies established in 1908
American companies disestablished in 2003
Manufacturing companies established in 1908
Manufacturing companies disestablished in 2003
Downstream (networking). In a telecommunications network or computer network, downstream refers to data sent from a network service provider to a customer.

One process sending data primarily in the downstream direction is downloading. However, the overall download speed depends on the downstream speed of the user, the upstream speed of the server, and the network between them.

In the client–server model, downstream can refer to the direction from the server to the client.

References

Data transmission
Orientation (geometry)

nl:Downstream
HP Multi-Programming Executive. MPE (Multi-Programming Executive) is a discontinued business-oriented mainframe computer real-time operating system developed by Hewlett-Packard for their HP 3000 computers.  While the HP 3000s were initially mini-mainframes, the final high-end systems supported 12 CPUs and over 2000 simultaneous users.

Description 
It runs on the HP 3000 family of computers, which originally used HP custom 16-bit stack architecture CISC CPUs and were later migrated to PA-RISC where the operating system was called MPE XL.

In 1983, the original version of MPE was written in a language called SPL (System Programming Language). MPE XL was written primarily in Pascal, with some assembly language and some of the old SPL code.

In 1992, the OS name was changed to MPE/iX to indicate Unix interoperability with the addition of POSIX compatibility. The discontinuance of the product line was announced in late 2001, with support from HP terminating at the end of 2010. A number of 3rd party companies still support both the hardware and software.

In 2002 HP released the last version  MPE/iX 7.5.

Commands 
Among others, MPE/iX supports the following list of common commands and programs.

 =SHUTDOWN
 BASIC
 CHDIR
 COPY
 DEBUG
 ECHO
 ELSE
 EXIT
 FORTRAN
 HELP
 IF
 PASCAL
 PRINT
 RENAME
 SH
 WHILE

References

External links 
 Allegro Consultants, Inc. Free HP 3000 Software, MPE Software Support
 Beechglen Development Inc.  MPE Software Support
 HP MPE/iX homepage
 HP MPE/iX Command reference
 openMPE  Advocates of continued MPE and IMAGE source code access beyond 2010

Discontinued operating systems
Multi-Programming Executive
Proprietary operating systems
1974 software
BSP. BSP may refer to:

Business
 Bell System Practices, technical documentation series published internally by the AT&T Bell System
 Billing and Settlement Plan, an accounting system for airlines
 Business service provider, a category of company providing business processes as services
 Business system planning, a method of analysing, defining and designing the information architecture of organisations

Science and technology
 Bone sialoprotein, a component of mineralized tissues
 British Standard Pipe, an international standard set of screw thread sizes used in pipes and pipe fittings outside the US
 Bromsulphthalein, a dye used in liver function tests

Computing
 Binary space partitioning, a method for recursively subdividing a space
 Bit-slice processor, a cascadable processor architecture
 BSP (file format), used in games such as the Quake series and games that use the Source game engine
 Blog service provider, a company offering blog services
 Board support package, software needed to operate motherboards
 Boot-strap-processor, used to start a computer
 Broadband service provider, a company offering Internet access
 Bug squashing party, a collaborative event held to eliminate software bugs
 Bulk synchronous parallel, an abstract computer model for designing parallel algorithms
 Business system planning, a business methodology developed by IBM
 Byte Stream Protocol, part of the Xerox PARC Universal Packet network protocol suite

Organisations
 Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, the Central Bank of the Philippines
 Bank South Pacific, the largest bank in Papua New Guinea
 Beta Sigma Phi, a non-academic sorority
 Bhilai Steel Plant, in India
 Boy Scouts of the Philippines, scouting organization in the Philippines
 British School of Paris, a private school in Croissy-sur-Seine, France
 British Society for Phenomenology
 Brunei Shell Petroleum, a joint venture between the Government of Brunei and Shell

Politics
 Bahujan Samaj Party (disambiguation)
 Bulgarian Socialist Party

Places
 Bayside State Prison, New Jersey, US
 Baxter State Park, a wilderness park in Maine, US
 Brondesbury Park railway station (station code), London, England

Other uses
 Bachelor of Pharmacy, an undergraduate academic degree in pharmacy
 Bachelor of Science in Paramedicine, a four-year academic degree in the science and principles of paramedicine
 British Sea Power, a band
 Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, or biosafety protocol

See also
 .bsp (disambiguation)
 JBSP (disambiguation)
Drone. Drone or The Drones may refer to:

Science and technology

Vehicle
 Drone, a type of unmanned vehicle, a class of robot
 Unmanned aerial vehicle or aerial drone
 Unmanned combat aerial vehicle
 Unmanned ground vehicle or ground drone
 Unmanned surface vehicle or drone boat, drone ship, drone, vessel, surface drone, robot ship, robot boat
 Unmanned underwater vehicle or underwater drone, drone sub, robot sub
 Remotely operated underwater vehicle

Biology
 Drone (bee), a male bee
 Drone, fertile male ant

Arts and entertainment

Film
 Drones (2010 film), an American office comedy
 Drones (2013 film), an American war thriller directed by Rick Rosenthal
 Drone (2014 film), a Norwegian documentary film
 Drone (2017 film), a Canadian thriller film

Television
 "Drones" (Beavis and Butt-Head), 2011 episode
 "Drone" (Star Trek: Voyager), 1998 episode

Music
 Drone (sound), a continuous note or chord
 Drones World Tour, 2015, by Muse; supporting the eponymous 2015 album
 Drone metal, a musical style
 Drone music, a musical style

Instruments
 Drone (bagpipes)
 Drone box
 Drone zither
 Bladder fiddle or drone

Artists
 The Drones (Australian band)
 The Drones (English band)

Albums
 The Drones (EP), a 2001 EP by the Australian band Drones
 Drones (Muse album) (2015)
 Drones (Robert Rich album) (1983)

Songs
 "Drone", 2018, by Alice in Chains from Rainier Fog
 "Drone", 2015, by Chastity Belt from Time to Go Home
 "Drones", 2004, by Fear Factory from Archetype
 "Drones", 2020, by Grandson from I Love You, I'm Trying
 "Drones", 2015, by Muse, the title track from the eponymous album Drones
 "Drones", 2015, by Oh Hiroshima from In Silence We Yearn
 "Drones", 2006, by Rise Against from The Sufferer & the Witness

Fictional characters
 Drone, a member of the Drones Club in P. G. Wodehouse's novels
 Drones, intelligent machines in the utopian society The Culture of Iain M. Banks
 Drone, a humanoid assimilated by the Borg in Star Trek
 Drones, service robots in Silent Running (1972)
 Drones or yanme'e, fictional species in the Covenant in Halo

People
 Drone (wrestler) (Hombre Bala Jr., born 1991), ringname of a Mexican professional luchador
 Kyron Drones (born 2003), American football player
 Luke Drone (born 1984), U.S. American football player

Places
 Drone, Georgia, an unincorporated community in the US
 Dronne, also spelled Drône, a river in south-western France
 Pointe de Drône, a mountain in the Pennine Alps, Italy-Switzerland
 River Drone, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England, UK

Other uses
 Video game bot

See also

 Didgeridoo, sometimes called a dronepipe
 
 
 Droners
 Droned (disambiguation)
 Dronne (disambiguation)
 Robot (disambiguation)
Brucite. Brucite is the mineral form of magnesium hydroxide, with the chemical formula Mg(OH)2. It is a common alteration product of periclase in marble; a low-temperature hydrothermal vein mineral in metamorphosed limestones and chlorite schists; and formed during serpentinization of dunites. Brucite is often found in association with serpentine, calcite, aragonite, dolomite, magnesite, hydromagnesite, artinite, talc and chrysotile.

It adopts a layered CdI2-like structure with hydrogen-bonds between the layers.

Discovery
Brucite was first described in 1824 by François Sulpice Beudant and named for the discoverer, American mineralogist, Archibald Bruce (1777–1818). A fibrous variety of brucite is called nemalite. It occurs in fibers or laths, usually elongated along [1010], but sometimes [1120] crystalline directions.

Occurrence
A notable location in the US is Wood's Chrome Mine, Cedar Hill Quarry, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. Yellow, white and blue brucite with a botryoidal habit was discovered in Qila Saifullah District of Province Baluchistan, Pakistan. In a later discovery, brucite also occurred in the Bela Ophiolite of Wadh, Khuzdar District, Province Baluchistan, Pakistan. Brucite has also occurred from South Africa, Italy, Russia, Canada, and other localities as well, but the most notable discoveries are the US, Russian and Pakistani examples.

Industrial applications
Synthetic brucite is mainly consumed as a precursor to magnesia (MgO), a useful refractory and thermal insulator.  It finds some use as a flame retardant because it thermally decomposes to release water in a similar way to aluminium hydroxide () and mixtures of huntite () and hydromagnesite (). It also constitutes a significant source of magnesium for industry. Although generally deemed safe, brucite can be contaminated with naturally occurring asbestos fibers.

Magnesium attack of cement and concrete 
When cement or concrete are exposed to Mg2+, the neoformation of brucite, an expansive material, may induce mechanical stress in the hardened cement paste or may clog the porous network creating a  and delaying the alteration/transformation of the C-S-H phase (the "glue" phase in the hardened cement paste) into M-S-H phase (a non-cohesive mineral phase). The exact magnitude of impact that brucite has on cement paste is still debatable. Prolonged contact between sea water or brines and concrete may induce durability issues for regularly immersed concrete components or structures.

The use of dolomite as aggregate in concrete can also cause magnesium attack and should be avoided.

Gallery

See also
 List of minerals
 List of minerals named after people
 Portlandite, 
 Cookeite,

References

Further reading
 
 
 
 

Magnesium minerals
Hydroxide minerals
Cement
Concrete
Trigonal minerals
Minerals in space group 164
Luminescent minerals
Minerals described in 1824
Integrated receiver/decoder. An integrated receiver/decoder (IRD) is an electronic device used to pick up a radio-frequency signal and convert digital information transmitted in it.

Consumer IRDs

Consumer IRDs, commonly called set-top boxes, are used by end users and are much cheaper compared to professional IRDs. To curb content piracy, they also lack many features and interfaces found in professional IRDs such as outputting uncompressed SDI video or ASI transport stream dumps. They are also designed to be more aesthetically pleasing.

Professional IRDs
Commonly found in radio, television, Cable and satellite broadcasting facilities, the IRD is generally used for the reception of contribution feeds that are intended for re-broadcasting. The IRD is the interface between a receiving satellite dish or Telco networks and a broadcasting facility video/audio infrastructure. 

Professional IRDs have various features that consumer IRDs lack such as:

 SDI outputs.
 ASI inputs / outputs.
 TSoIP inputs.
 AES/EBU Audio decoding.
 VBI reinsertion.
 WSS data and pass through.
 Transport stream demultiplexing.
 Genlock input.
 Frame synchronization of digital video output to analogue input.
 Closed captions and VITS/ITS/VITC Insertion.
 Video test pattern generator.
 Remote management over LAN/WAN.
 GPI interface - For sending external alarm triggers.
 Rack mountable.

Uses
 direct broadcast satellite (DBS) television applications like DirecTV, Astra or DishTV
 fixed service satellite (FSS) applications like VideoCipher, DigiCipher, or PowerVu
 digital audio radio satellite (DARS) applications like XM Satellite Radio and Sirius Satellite Radio
 digital audio broadcasting (DAB) applications like Eureka 147 and IBOC
 digital video broadcasting (DVB) applications like DVB-T and ATSC

See also

 ATSC tuner

Broadcast engineering
Set-top box
Television technology
Television terminology