omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Novak Electronics. Novak Electronics, Inc. of Irvine, California was a manufacturer of radio control electronics.

Founded by radio control enthusiast and electronics engineer Bob Novak, Novak Electronics originally manufactured servos. Novak Electronics was primarily known for its line of electronic speed controls for electric land vehicles and boats.

The companies' product line expanded to include:

 Battery chargers 
 Synthesized receivers
 Transmitter modules
 Power supplies
 Brushless motor systems
 Brushless-specific batteries and dischargers

Novak Electronics had a 35,000 square foot (or 3252 square meter) robotic manufacturing facility with a team of engineers and RC racers. This facility made it one of the few American electronics manufacturers to design, build, and test its products onsite. 

In January 2014, the company changed its name to Novak R/C. At the same time, Bob Novak split ownership of company between his daughters Linda Novak Logan and Laura Novak-Roesgen, and the company's engineering director, Adnan Khan. Novak R/C later announced a partnership with Hobbico and Great Planes.

Its "Team Novak" racing division has won 20 IFMAR World Champion titles.

Novak R/C was the last American manufacturer to produce radio-controlled products in the United States.

On June 13, 2016, the company announced it was closing after 38 years.

References

Radio-controlled cars
Defunct electronics companies of the United States
Manufacturing companies based in Greater Los Angeles
Companies based in Irvine, California
2016 establishments in California
2016 establishments in the United States
Manufacturing companies established in 2016
Electronics companies established in 2016
American companies established in 2016
Engineer Research and Development Center. The Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) is a US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) research and laboratory organization.

The main facility is located in Vicksburg, Mississippi, on the site of an antecedent organization, the Waterways Experiment Station.   It also has facilities in Hanover, New Hampshire, Champaign, Illinois, and Fort Belvoir, Virginia.

History
In October 1999, the Corps of Engineers established a system of laboratories, called the Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC). The ERDC was a consolidation of seven, pre-existing laboratories: the Coastal and Hydraulics, Environmental, Geotechnical and Structures, and Information Technology Laboratories in Vicksburg, Mississippi; the Construction Engineering Research Laboratory in Champaign, Illinois; the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory in Hanover, New Hampshire; and the Topographic Engineering Center in Fort Belvoir, Virginia.

ERDC won the Army Research Laboratory of the Year award five times in its first eight years.

The Topographic Engineering Center became the Army Geospatial Center (AGC) and started reporting directly to the Corps of Engineers as of 2009. As of 2014, ERDC still maintained a Geospatial Research Laboratory (GRL) collocated in Alexandria with AGC.

List of laboratories
 Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory, Vicksburg, Mississippi
 Environmental Laboratory, Vicksburg, Mississippi
 Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory, Vicksburg, Mississippi
 Information Technology Laboratory, Vicksburg, Mississippi
 Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, New Hampshire
 Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, Champaign, Illinois
 Geospatial Research Laboratory, co-located with the Army Geospatial Center at Fort Belvoir, Virginia

References

External links
 ERDC Homepage
 ERDC library, with digitized copies of ERDC publications
 Discover ERDC USACE and DoD employees only
 US Army Corps of Engineers webpage
 ERDC DoD Supercomputing Resource Center (DSRC)
 

Mississippi River
United States Army Corps of Engineers
Organizations based in Mississippi
Vicksburg, Mississippi
Webwork. Webwork can refer to:

 WeBWorK, a web-based homework system by the University of Rochester
 Webwork (Indian web site), a website portal accused of being a ponzi scheme
 WebWorks, a platform for BlackBerry
 A webwork plot, a type of literary form defined and practiced by Harry Stephen Keeler
 WebWork, the previous name of Apache Struts 2, an open-source web application framework

See also 
 Web worker
Vauquelinite. Vauquelinite is a complex mineral with the formula CuPb2(CrO4)(PO4)(OH) making it a combined chromate and phosphate of copper and lead. It forms a series with the arsenate mineral fornacite. 

It was first described in 1818 in the Beryozovskoye deposit, Urals, Russia, and named for Louis Vauquelin (1763–1829), a French chemist. It occurs in oxidized hydrothermal ore deposits and is associated with crocoite, pyromorphite, mimetite, cerussite, beudantite and duftite at the type locality in Russia.

References

Copper(II) minerals
Lead minerals
Chromate minerals
Phosphate minerals
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 14
System requirements specification. A System Requirements Specification (SysRS) (abbreviated SysRS to be distinct from a software requirements specification (SRS)) is a structured collection of information that embodies the requirements of a system.

A business analyst (BA), sometimes titled system analyst, is responsible for analyzing the business needs of their clients and stakeholders to help identify business problems and propose solutions. Within the systems development life cycle domain, the BA typically performs a liaison function between the business side of an enterprise and the information technology department or external service providers.

See also
Business analysis
Business process reengineering
Business requirements
Concept of operations
Data modeling
Information technology
Process modeling
Requirement
Requirements analysis
Software requirements specification
Systems analysis
Use case

References

External links
 IEEE Guide for Developing System Requirements Specifications (IEEE Std 1233, 1999 Edition)
 IEEE Guide for Developing System Requirements Specifications (IEEE Std 1233, 1998 Edition)
 DAU description System/Subsystem Specification, Data Item Description (SSS-DID)
 System Requirements Specification for STEWARDS example SRS at USDA

Software engineering
Systems analysis
Systems engineering

ru:Техническое задание
Perfect Developer. Perfect Developer (PD) is a tool for developing computer programs in a rigorous manner. It is used to develop applications in areas including IT systems and airborne critical systems. The principle is to develop a formal specification and refine the specification to code. Even though the tool is founded on formal methods, the suppliers claim that advanced mathematical knowledge is not a prerequisite.

PD supports the Verified Design by Contract paradigm, which is an extension of Design by contract. In Verified Design by Contract, the contracts are verified by static analysis and automated theorem proving, so that it is certain that they will not fail at runtime.

The Perfect specification language used has an object-oriented style, producing code in programming languages including Java, C# and C++. It has been developed by the UK company Escher Technologies Ltd. They note on their website that their claim is not that the language itself is perfect, but that it can be used to produce code which perfectly implements a precise specification.

See also
 JML
 Safety Integrity Level

External links
Perfect Developer
Escher Technologies
Defence Standards

Formal methods tools
Formal specification languages
Nord-1. Nord-1 was Norsk Data's first minicomputer and the first commercially available computer made in Norway.

It was a 16-bit system, developed in 1967 from the Simulation for Automatic Machinery. The first Nord-1 (serial number 2) installed was at the heart of a complete ship system aboard a Japanese-built cargo liner, the Taimyr. The system included bridge control, power management, load condition monitoring, and the first ever computer-controlled, radar-sensed anti-collision system (Automatic Radar Plotting Aid). Taimyr's Nord-1 turned out reliable for the time, with more than a year between failures.

It was probably the first minicomputer to feature floating-point arithmetic equipment as standard, and had an unusually rich complement of hardware registers for its time. It also featured relative addressing, and a fully automatic context switched interrupt system. It was also the first minicomputer to offer virtual memory, offered as an option by 1969. It was succeeded by the Nord-10.

Remaining machines
The Nord-1 has been unusually well-preserved. Approximately 60 machines seem to have been produced, and at the very least ten machines have been preserved, including serial numbers 2, 4, and 5. This may be because the company Norsk Data was already a very large and very rapidly growing corporation by the time many of these machines were decommissioned.

References

Norsk Data minicomputers
1967 establishments in Norway
16-bit computers
John Rushby. John Rushby (born 1949) is a British computer scientist now based in the United States and working for SRI International. He previously taught and did research for Manchester University and later Newcastle University.

Early life and education
John Rushby was born and brought up in London, where he attended Dartford Grammar School. He studied at Newcastle University in the United Kingdom, gaining his computer science BSc there in 1971 and his PhD in 1977.

Career
From 1974 to 1975, he was a lecturer in the Computer Science Department at Manchester University. From 1979 to 1982, he was a research associate in the Department of Computing Science at the Newcastle University.

Rushby joined SRI International in Menlo Park, California in 1983. Currently he is Program Director for Formal Methods and Dependable Systems in the Computer Science Laboratory at SRI. He developed the Prototype Verification System, which is a theorem prover.

Awards and memberships
Rushby was the recipient of the 2011 Harlan D. Mills Award from the IEEE Computer Society.

References

External links
Official homepage
Personal homepage

Living people
British computer scientists
American computer scientists
Formal methods people
Alumni of Newcastle University
British expatriates in the United States
SRI International people
People educated at Dartford Grammar School
1949 births
Proximity effect. Proximity effect may refer to:
Proximity effect (atomic physics)
Proximity effect (audio), an increase in bass or low frequency response when a sound source is close to a microphone
Proximity Effect (comics), a comic book series written by Scott Tucker and Aron Coleite
Proximity effect (electromagnetism), magnetically induced current distortions resulting in increased effective resistance of a conductor
Proximity effect (electron beam lithography), a phenomenon in electron beam lithography (EBL)
Proximity effect (superconductivity), a term used in the field of superconductivity
 The Proximity Effect (Nada Surf album), 1998
 The Proximity Effect (Laki Mera album), 2011

See also  
 Pressure sensitive (disambiguation)
Butterfly diagram. In the context of fast Fourier transform algorithms, a butterfly is a portion of the computation that combines the results of smaller discrete Fourier transforms (DFTs) into a larger DFT, or vice versa (breaking a larger DFT up into subtransforms).  The name "butterfly" comes from the shape of the data-flow diagram in the radix-2 case, as described below. The earliest occurrence in print of the term is thought to be in a 1969 MIT technical report. The same structure can also be found in the Viterbi algorithm, used for finding the most likely sequence of hidden states.

Most commonly, the term "butterfly" appears in the context of the Cooley–Tukey FFT algorithm, which recursively breaks down a DFT of composite size n = rm into r smaller transforms of size m where r is the "radix" of the transform.  These smaller DFTs are then combined via size-r butterflies, which themselves are DFTs of size r (performed m times on corresponding outputs of the sub-transforms) pre-multiplied by roots of unity (known as twiddle factors).  (This is the "decimation in time" case; one can also perform the steps in reverse, known as "decimation in frequency", where the butterflies come first and are post-multiplied by twiddle factors.  See also the Cooley–Tukey FFT article.)

Radix-2 butterfly diagram
In the case of the radix-2 Cooley–Tukey algorithm, the butterfly is simply a DFT of size-2 that takes two inputs (x0, x1) (corresponding outputs of the two sub-transforms) and gives two outputs (y0, y1) by the formula (not including twiddle factors):

If one draws the data-flow diagram for this pair of operations, the (x0, x1) to (y0, y1) lines cross and resemble the wings of a butterfly, hence the name (see also the illustration at right).

More specifically, a radix-2 decimation-in-time FFT algorithm on n = 2 p inputs with respect to a primitive n-th root of unity  relies on O(n log2 n) butterflies of the form:

where k is an integer depending on the part of the transform being computed. Whereas the corresponding inverse transform can mathematically be performed by replacing ω with ω−1 (and possibly multiplying by an overall scale factor, depending on the normalization convention), one may also directly invert the butterflies:

corresponding to a decimation-in-frequency FFT algorithm.

Other uses
The butterfly can also be used to improve the randomness of large arrays of partially random numbers, by bringing every 32 or 64 bit word into causal contact with every other word through a desired hashing algorithm, so that a change in any one bit has the possibility of changing all the bits in the large array.

See also 
 Mathematical diagram
 Zassenhaus lemma
 Signal-flow graph

References

External links
 explanation of the FFT and butterfly diagrams.
 butterfly diagrams of various FFT implementations (Radix-2, Radix-4, Split-Radix).

FFT algorithms
Diagrams
Shoreham Aircraft Museum. The Shoreham Aircraft Museum is located in the village of Shoreham near Sevenoaks in Kent, England, on the south-east edge of Greater London. It was founded by volunteers in 1978 and is dedicated to the airmen who fought in the skies over southern England during the Second World War.

The museum houses aviation relics excavated by the Shoreham Aircraft Preservation Society over 30 years. These relics come from crashed RAF and Luftwaffe aircraft and are displayed alongside personal accounts of those involved. A particular focus is the Battle of Britain period.

Many aircraft types are represented in the collection, including recovered engine examples from the following:
 Supermarine Spitfire
 Hawker Hurricane
 Bf 109
 Dornier Do 17
 Fw 190
 Junkers Ju 88

The museum has collections of flying helmets, uniforms, insignia and Home Front memorabilia, along with photos and other items which have been donated by ex-pilots and private individuals. The museum also holds a collection of original paintings and prints by the aviation artist Geoff Nutkins. Other examples of his work can be seen at the RAF College in Cranwell, the Royal Air Force Museum at Hendon and the RAF Club in Piccadilly, London.

There is also a tearoom and garden serving cream teas and homemade cakes. The museum is open from 10am to 5pm on Saturdays, Sundays and Bank Holiday Mondays from Easter until the end of October each year. The tearoom and garden only is also open on Saturdays and is free to enter.
 
All current and ex-military service personnel can enter the museum free of charge.

References

External links 
 Shoreham Aircraft Museum official website

Aerospace museums in England
Military aviation museums in England
Museums in Sevenoaks District
Buildings and structures in Sevenoaks District
Museums established in 1978
World War II museums in the United Kingdom
1978 establishments in England
Loehle Aircraft. Loehle Aircraft Corporation (pronounced "Low-lee") was an aircraft manufacturer located in Wartrace, Tennessee, that produced aircraft kits and a complete line of paints for all types of aircraft, including metal, composite and fabric covered. It manufactured aircraft kits for 40 years, with aircraft being built and flown in 26 countries.

History
This company manufactured aircraft kits from 1977 to 2017. In 1981 Mike Lohle won the Experimental Aircraft Association Oshkosh  Ultralight Grand Champion Award and also the award for Outstanding Craftsmanship for his Easy Riser ultralight. 

Sandra Loehle, VP of Operations and wife of founder Michael Loehle, died of cancer in 2017. The company seems to have ceased operations at that time.

Aircraft

References

External links
 Last archived copy of official Web site - 1 July 2017
Loehle Aircraft Corporation on City of Tullahoma, State of Tennessee website, archived 30 June 2013 

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the United States
Upfield, Victoria. Upfield is a small residential and industrial locality 17 km away from the central business district in the northern suburbs of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia situated in the suburb of Campbellfield. It is in the local government area of the City of Hume. Some say the name is descriptive of the area's open country. It may also be a reference to Arthur Upfield, the author, who praised the area.

In 1956 the Ford motor car factory was begun on land between the Hume Highway and the railway line from Coburg to Somerton (now Roxburgh Park). The State Government constructed a railway station (Upfield), and the line was electrified in 1959. South of the Ford factory housing was built and a high school opened in 1968. The Campbellfield Primary School was nearby, but another primary school (Upfield) was opened in 1970 and superseded the Campbellfield site in 1992.

A small shopping centre and post office are near the station. Immediately west of Upfield is the larger residential area of Dallas as well as Coolaroo.

Transport 
Upfield station, terminus of all services run by Metro Trains Melbourne on the Upfield line provides the main public transport link into the suburb, with trains to the city every 20 minutes at most times, and every 30 minutes in the evening until midnight.

531 Upfield – North Coburg via Fawkner RS, Gowrie RS (Monday to Friday). Operated by Broadmeadows Bus Service.
532 Craigieburn – Broadmeadows via Upfield RS, Broadmeadows SC (every day). Operated by Broadmeadows Bus Service.
540 Upfield – Broadmeadows (every day). Operated by Dysons.

External links
Australian Places – Upfield

Suburbs of Melbourne
IEN. IEN or ien or variation, may refer to:

People
Marci Ien (born 1969), Canadian politician
Ien Ang (born 1954), Australian professor
Ien Chi (born 1991), Korean-American filmmaker
Ien Dales (1931–1994), Dutch politician
Ien van den Heuvel (1927–2010), Dutch politician
Ien Lucas (born 1955), Dutch artist

Organizations
Indigenous Environmental Network
Irish Environmental Network

Publications
Internet Experiment Note
Industrial Engineering News group of magazines
Industrial Engineering News Europe
Industrial Engineering News Italia

Other uses
Interrupt ENable flip-flop

See also

 Iens, Friesland, Netherlands
 
 Ian (disambiguation)
 Ion (disambiguation)
Internet Experiment Note. An Internet Experiment Note (IEN) is a sequentially numbered document in a series of technical publications issued by the participants of the early development work groups that created the precursors of the modern Internet.

After DARPA began the Internet program in earnest in 1977, the project members were in need of communication and documentation of their work in order to realize the concepts laid out by Bob Kahn and Vint Cerf some years before. The Request for Comments (RFC) series was considered the province of the ARPANET project and the Network Working Group (NWG) which defined the network protocols used on it.  Thus, the members of the Internet project decided on publishing their own series of documents, Internet Experiment Notes, which were modeled after the RFCs.

Jon Postel became the editor of the new series, in addition to his existing role of administering the long-standing RFC series. Between March, 1977, and September, 1982, 206 IENs were published. After that, with the plan to terminate support of the Network Control Protocol (NCP) on the ARPANET and switch to TCP/IP, the production of IENs was discontinued, and all further publication was conducted within the existing RFC system.

See also 

 International Network Working Group

External links
 IEN scan archive at the University of Minnesota
 IEN index at rfc-editor.org

History of the Internet
Internet Standards
API-TC. API TC is a certification for two-stroke oils, awarded by the American Petroleum Institute. It is given after the product passes through stringent tests that determine the level of detergent performance, dispersion, and anti-oxidation. It is the only remaining, not revoked classification of the API Two-Cycle motor oil specifications (TA, TB, TC, TD). Being a very old standard itself, most currently produced 2T lubricants meet its specifications, even the lowest quality ones; current high-quality oils exceed them (often labeled "API TC+" although not based on actual measurements).

The more current JASO M345 or the international ISO two-cycle oil specifications are much better indicators of oil quality, with requirements based on modern two-stroke engines and environmental policies. API-TC has been removed from the API website.

A higher grade, TD, was considered similar to the National Marine Manufacturers association (NMMA) "TC-W" (water-cooled outboard engine) grade. The NMMA has now replaced this specification with the higher TC-W3 standard.

References

Lubricants
Bryan Cantrill. Bryan M. Cantrill (born 1973) is an American software engineer who worked at Sun Microsystems and later at Oracle Corporation following its acquisition of Sun. He left Oracle on July 25, 2010, to become the Vice President of Engineering at Joyent, transitioning to Chief Technology Officer at Joyent in April 2014, until his departure on July 31 of 2019. He is now the CTO of Oxide Computer company.

Career 
Cantrill was born in Vermont, later moving to Colorado, where he attained the rank of Eagle Scout. He studied computer science at Brown University, spending two summers at QNX Software Systems doing kernel development. Upon completing his B.Sc. in 1996, he immediately joined Sun Microsystems to work with Jeff Bonwick in the Solaris Performance Group.

In 2005 Bryan Cantrill was named one of the 35 Top Young Innovators by Technology Review, MIT's magazine. Cantrill was included in the TR35 list for his development of DTrace, a function of the OS Solaris 10 that provides a non-invasive means for real-time tracing and diagnosis of software. Sun technologies and technologists, including DTrace and Cantrill, also received an InfoWorld Innovators Award that year. In 2006, "The DTrace trouble-shooting software from Sun was chosen as the Gold winner in The Wall Street Journals 2006 Technology Innovation Awards contest." In 2008, Cantrill, Mike Shapiro and Adam Leventhal were recognized with the USENIX Software Tools User Group (STUG) award for "the provision of a significant enabling technology."

Together with Shapiro and Leventhal, Cantrill founded Fishworks, a stealth project within Sun Microsystems which produced the Sun Storage 7000 Unified Storage Systems.

He left Oracle on July 25, 2010, to become the Vice President of Engineering at Joyent. He announced his transition to being Chief Technology Officer at Joyent in April 2014, and held that position until announcing his departure as of July 31 of 2019. He is now the CTO of Oxide Computer company.

He was a member of the ACM Queue Editorial Board.

Articles

References

External links 
 
 

Living people
Open source people
American computer scientists
American computer programmers
Solaris people
Brown University alumni
1974 births
Sun Microsystems people
American chief technology officers
American software engineers