omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
MailSlot. A Mailslot is a one-way interprocess communication mechanism, available on the Microsoft Windows operating system, that allows communication between processes both locally and over a network. The use of Mailslots is generally simpler than named pipes or sockets when a relatively small number of relatively short messages are expected to be transmitted, such as for example infrequent state-change messages, or as part of a peer-discovery protocol. The Mailslot mechanism allows for short message broadcasts ("datagrams") to all listening computers across a given network domain.

Features
Mailslots function as a server-client interface. A server can create a Mailslot, and a client can write to it by name. Only the server can read the mailslot, as such mailslots represent a one-way communication mechanism. A server-client interface could consist of two processes communicating locally or across a network. Mailslots operate over the RPC protocol and work across all computers in the same network domain. Mailslots offer no confirmation that a message has been received. Mailslots are generally a good choice when one client process must broadcast a message to multiple server processes.

Uses
The most widely known use of the Mailslot IPC mechanism is the Windows Messenger service that is part of the Windows NT-line of products, including Windows XP. The Messenger Service, not to be confused with the MSN Messenger internet chat service, is essentially a Mailslot server that waits for a message to arrive. When a message arrives it is displayed in a popup onscreen. The NET SEND command is therefore a type of Mailslot client, because it writes to specified mailslots on a network.

A number of programs also use Mailslots to communicate. Generally these are amateur chat clients and other such programs. Commercial programs usually prefer pipes or sockets.

Mailslots are implemented as files in a mailslot file system (MSFS). Examples of Mailslots include:

 MAILSLOT\Messngr - Microsoft NET SEND Protocol
 MAILSLOT\Browse - Microsoft Browser Protocol
 MAILSLOT\Alerter
 MAILSLOT\53cb31a0\UnimodemNotifyTSP
 MAILSLOT\HydraLsServer - Microsoft Terminal Services Licensing
 MAILSLOT\CheyenneDS - CA BrightStor Discovery Service

External links
 Mailslots (MSDN Documentation)
 Using Mailslots for Interprocess Communication
 Using a Mailslot to read/write data over a network
 The beginning of the end of Remote Mailslots

Inter-process communication
Godwin Plots. The Godwin Plots are one of the world's longest running science experiments. They can be found at Wicken Fen nature reserve, Cambridgeshire, England.

Five experimental areas of vegetation were established in the 1927 by Prof. Sir Harry Godwin. The first plot is never cut. The second is cut every four years, the next every three years and so on. Godwin completed his experiment in 1940, and the plots were left uncut, but the same plots were restored in 1954, and have been managed in accordance with Godwin's original methodology since that time.

The cutting is undertaken in November/December every year. This management has, over many years, produced different vegetation patterns. Godwin used the experiment to demonstrate that management alone can change plant communities - an idea which is almost universally accepted today, but was quite radical in the early 20th century. Because of this work, the Plots, or Wicken Fen generally, are sometimes referred to as 'The birthplace of modern ecology'.

See also 
 Long-term experiment

References

External links
Wicken Fen nature trail showing the location of the plots

Ecological experiments
FORMAC. 
FORMAC, the FORmula MAnipulation Compiler, was the first computer algebra system to have significant use. It was developed by Jean E. Sammet and her team, as an extension of FORTRAN IV. The compiler was implemented as a preprocessor taking the FORMAC program and converting it to a FORTRAN IV program which was in turn compiled without further user intervention. 

Initial development started in 1962 and was complete by April 1964. In November it was released to IBM customers.

FORMAC supported computation, manipulation, and use of symbolic expressions. In addition it supported rational arithmetic.

See also 
 ALTRAN

References

Bibliography

External links

Computer algebra systems
Fortran programming language family
Procedural programming languages
Programming languages created in 1962
Programming languages created by women
The Art of Deception. The Art of Deception is a book by Kevin Mitnick that covers the art of social engineering. Part of the book is composed of real stories and examples of how social engineering can be combined with hacking.

All, or nearly all, of the examples, are fictional but quite plausible. They expose the ease with which a skilled social engineer can subvert many rules most people take for granted. A few examples:

 A person gets out of a speeding ticket by fooling the police into revealing a time when the arresting officer will be out of town and then requesting a court date coinciding with that time.
 A person gains access to a company's internal computer system, guarded by a password that changes daily, by waiting for a snowstorm and then calling the network center posing as a snowed-in employee who wants to work from home, tricking the operator into revealing today's password and access through duplicity.
 A person gains much proprietary information about a start-up company by waiting until the CEO is out of town and then showing up at the company headquarters pretending to be a close friend and business associate of the CEO.
 A person gains access to a restricted area by approaching the door carrying a large box of books and relying on other people's propensity to hold the door open for others in that situation.
This book also, after giving an example, will tell what tricked/conned the victims of the scam and how to prevent it in real life or business.

The book ends with Mitnick's strategy and business plans to prevent most if not all of the scams in the book.

See also 
 The Art of Intrusion

References 

Computer security books
2002 non-fiction books
Books about computer hacking
Allophane. Allophane is an amorphous to poorly crystalline hydrous aluminium silicate clay mineraloid. Its chemical formula is Al2O3·(SiO2)1.3-2·(2.5-3)H2O. Since it has short-range atomic order, it is a mineraloid, rather than a mineral, and can be identified by its distinctive infrared spectrum and its X-ray diffraction pattern. It was first described in 1816 in Gräfenthal, Thuringia, Germany. Allophane is a weathering or hydrothermal alteration product of volcanic glass and feldspars and sometimes has a composition similar to kaolinite but generally has a molar ratio of Al:Si = 2. It typically forms under mildly acidic to neutral pH (5–7).  Its structure has been debated, but it is similar to clay minerals and is composed of curved alumina octahedral and silica tetrahedral layers.  Transmission electron micrographs show that it is generally made up of aggregates of hollow spherules ~3–5 nm in diameter.  Allophane can alter to form halloysite under resilicating aqueous conditions and can alter to form gibbsite under desilicating conditions.  A copper-containing variety cupro-allophane has been reported.

It forms waxy botryoidal to crusty masses with color varying from white through green, blue, yellow, to brown. It has a Mohs hardness of 3 and a specific gravity of 1.0.

It was named from the Greek allos – "other" and phanos – "to appear", as it gave a deceptive reaction in the blowpipe flame in old mineralogical testing.

References

Webmineral data
Mindat
Handbook of Mineralogy
Wada, K. (1989), Allophane and Imogolite in Minerals in Soil Environments, Soil Science Society of America, no.1, pp. 1051–1087.
Parfitt, R.L. (1990), Allophane in New Zealand.  A Review.  Australian Journal of Soil Research 28, pp. 343–360.

Aluminium minerals
Phyllosilicates
Volcanic soils
Single Integrated Air Picture. The SIAP (Single Integrated Air Picture) is the "Air" component of the Common Tactical Picture.  It will allow U.S. military service personnel and allies to share a single graphical representation of the battlespace.  This will be accomplished using data generated by multiple land, surface and air sensors and broadcast via a sophisticated logistical information distribution system.  Once designed, the SIAP will help users make better, more informed decisions by linking military forces and their tactical situations.

Single Integrated Air Picture (SIAP) is the product of fused, common, continuous, unambiguous tracks of all airborne objects in the surveillance area. Each object within the SIAP has one, and only one, track number and set of associated characteristics. The SIAP is developed from near-real-time and real-time data, and is scalable and filterable to support situation awareness, battle management, and target engagements.

Surveillance
JML. JML  may refer to:

 Java Modeling Language, a specification language for Java programs
 Journal of Memory and Language, abbreviated JML
 "Joiner, mover, leaver", a collection of business processes managing access to an organisation's systems within an identity lifecycle
 JML (John Mills Limited), a UK consumer brand
 JML Direct TV, a series of British television shopping channels owned by John Mills Limited
 South African Jewish Maritime League

See also

 
 
 
 JMI (disambiguation)
Community Z Tools. The Community Z Tools (CZT) initiative is based around a SourceForge project to build a set of tools for the Z notation, a formal method useful in software engineering. Tools include support for editing, typechecking and animating Z specifications. There is some support for extensions such as Object-Z and TCOZ. The tools are built using the Java programming language.

CZT was proposed by Andrew Martin of Oxford University in 2001.

References

External links
 CZT SourceForge website
 CZT initiative information by Andrew Martin
 Softpedia information
 CZT: A Framework for Z Tools by Petra Malik and Mark Utting (PDF)

2001 establishments in England
2001 software
Z notation
Research projects
Free software programmed in Java (programming language)
Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford
Utah GLX. Utah GLX was a project aimed at creating a fully free and open-source basic hardware-accelerated 3D renderer using the OpenGL rendering API on Linux kernel-based operating systems. Utah GLX predates Direct Rendering Infrastructure, which is what is used as of 2014.

John Carmack worked on Utah GLX.

History

References

External links
 Utah-GLX Homepage
 Historical view at OpenGL and Direct3D

Free 3D graphics software
Free software programmed in C
Graphics libraries
Graphics-related software for Linux
Linux APIs
Air sports. The term "air sports" covers a range of aerial activities, including air racing, aerobatics, aeromodelling, hang gliding, human-powered aircraft, parachuting, paragliding, soaring, and skydiving.

Recognized and regulated air sports 

Many air sports are regulated internationally by the Switzerland-based Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) and nationally by aero clubs such as the National Aeronautics Association (NAA) and the Royal Aero Club (RAeC). The FAI has separate commissions for each air sport. For example, the commission for ballooning is the Commission Internationale de l'Aérostation (CIA).

Sports within the categories of air sports and their respective commissions are as follows:

Motorized 
 Aerobatics (CIVA)
 Aeromodelling (CIAM)
 Air racing (GAC)
 Drone racing (CIAM)
 Flyboarding
 Powered hang gliding (CIMA)
 Powered paragliding (CIMA)
 Rally flying (GAC)
 Rotorcraft (CIG)
 Ultralight aviation (CIMA)

Wind/Gliding 
 Ballooning (CIA)
 Cluster ballooning
 Hopper ballooning
 Canopy piloting (ISC)
 Gliding (IGC)
 Hang gliding (CIVL)
 Human-powered flying (CIACA)
 Kiteboarding/kitesurfing
 Kiting
Kite fighting
 Paragliding (CIVL)

Gravity 
 BASE jumping
 Cliff jumping
 Bodyflight
 Bungee jumping
 High diving
 Parachuting/skydiving (ISC)
 Banzai skydiving
 Skysurfing
 Trapeze
 Wingsuit flying (ISC)

Other activities 
Other aerial activities not governed by the FAI rules:
 Rocket Racing League (an attempt to create a new air sport)

Competitions 
 Reno Air Races
 FAI World Grand Prix
 World Air Games

See also 
 Lawn chair Larry
 Airsport, a Czech aircraft manufacturer

Notes

References

External links 

  (FAI)
  (NAA)

 
General aviation
Sports by type
John Lingenfelter. John Earl Lingenfelter (October 6, 1945 in East Freedom, Pennsylvania – December 25, 2003 in Decatur, Indiana) was an NHRA driver, engineer and tuner.

Over his career, Lingenfelter won 13 career national event events in Competition Eliminator and was the first driver in the class to break the six-second quarter-mile barrier. He finished second in the Pro Stock Truck standings in 1998, which was the first year of competition for the now defunct class. His Cavalier had an E.T. of 7.08 seconds.  In October 1988, Lingenfelter also drove the Callaway Sledgehammer to attain the closed-course speed record for a street driven car at 254.76 mph; a record that stood for 25 years.

He was the founder of Lingenfelter Performance Engineering (LPE for short) in Decatur, Indiana. LPE is a shop specializing in the modification of GM vehicles such as the F-Bodies (Camaro, Firebird), B Bodies (Impala SS, Caprice, Roadmaster, Fleetwood), Corvette, CTS-V, GTO, Silverado, Suburban, Tahoe, Escalade, Denali, SSR, Hummer H2, and Sierra. The shop also worked with tuning packages for the Dodge Viper and Plymouth Prowler.

In the press, his tuned vehicles were reported to have as much civility as the stock vehicles upon which they were based in everyday driving. However, these vehicles were brutally fast. Motor Trend tested a Tahoe tuned by Lingenfelter and achieved a 5.1 second 0-60 time as well as a 0.95g lateral acceleration figure. These numbers match the performance figures of the C4 Corvette and GMC Syclones/Typhoons of that era. This Tahoe had its 350in3 V8 bored and stroked to 396in3, making 500 hp and still retaining its 4WD drivetrain. Motor Trend also tested a Lingenfelter built Impala SS that had the same performance numbers as the last generation M5 (0-60 4.7 sec) due to its bored and stroked LT-1 (Displacement rose to 383in3 and horsepower rose to 440). Another vehicle built by Lingenfelter was also featured in the June 1996 issue of Car and Driver when they built a special C4 Corvette with a 427in3 engine that attained a top speed of 212 mph. Currently, the most powerful vehicle they have in their stable is a 2006 twin-turbo Corvette Z06 with 1,109 rear wheel horsepower worth $288,540. Lingenfelter built the engine for "Big Red", a 1969 Camaro that has achieved speeds in excess of 200 mph.

He was critically injured during an NHRA Summit Sports Compact drag racing event at Pomona, California on October 27, 2002. He died Thursday December 25, 2003 at Adams County Memorial Hospital in Decatur, Indiana at age 58.

See also
John Lingenfelter Memorial Trophy

References

External links
 Lingenfelter Performance Engineering

Dragster drivers
1945 births
2003 deaths
Michael J. C. Gordon. Michael John Caldwell Gordon  (28 February 1948 – 22 August 2017) was a British computer scientist.

Life
Mike Gordon was born in Ripon, Yorkshire, England. He attended Dartington Hall School and Bedales School. In 1966, he was accepted to study engineering at Gonville and Caius College, University of Cambridge, but transferred to mathematics. During his studies, in 1969 he worked at the National Physical Laboratory in London during the summer, gaining his first exposure to computers.

Gordon studied for his PhD degree at University of Edinburgh, supervised by Rod Burstall, finishing in 1973 with a thesis entitled Evaluation and Denotation of Pure LISP Programs. He was invited to Stanford University in California by John McCarthy, the inventor of LISP, to work in his Artificial Intelligence Laboratory there. Gordon worked at the Cambridge University Computer Laboratory from 1981, initially as a lecturer, promoted to Reader in 1988 and Professor in 1996.

He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1994, and in 2008 a two-day research meeting on Tools and Techniques for Verification of System Infrastructure was held there in honour of his 60th birthday.

Mike Gordon was married to Avra Cohn, a PhD student of Robin Milner at the University of Edinburgh, and they undertook research together.

He died in Cambridge after a brief illness and is survived by his wife and two sons.

Work
Gordon led the development of the HOL theorem prover. The HOL system is an environment for interactive theorem proving in a higher-order logic. Its most outstanding feature is its high degree of programmability through the meta-language ML. The system has a wide variety of uses, from formalising pure mathematics to verification of industrial hardware.

There has been a series of international conferences on the HOL system, TPHOLs. The first three were informal users' meetings with no published proceedings. The tradition now is for an annual conference in a continent different from the location of the previous meeting. From 1996, the scope broadened to cover all theorem proving in higher-order logics.

References

External links
 Mike Gordon home page

1948 births
2017 deaths
People from Ripon
People educated at Bedales School
Alumni of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
English computer scientists
Formal methods people
Members of the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory
Fellows of the Royal Society
Scientists of the National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom)
Wiebe Bijker. Wiebe E. Bijker (born 19 March 1951, Delft) is a Dutch professor Emeritus, former chair of the Department of Social Science and Technology at Maastricht University in the Netherlands.

Early life 
Bijker's father was an engineer involved in implementing the Delta Plan after a disastrous dike breach in the Netherlands in 1953 when young Bijker was two years old and later became deputy director of the Delft Hydraulics Laboratory. Presumably, the unique fact of parts of the Netherlands being below sea level, the well-known concerns in innovation surrounding this condition for centuries, and his father's involvement all contributed to the younger Bijker's interest in technology studies.

Education 
After finishing Gymnasium in Emmeloord (1969), the younger Bijker received his BSc degree in philosophy from the University of Amsterdam (1974), his engineer's degree in physical engineering from the Delft University of Technology (1976), and his PhD degree from the University of Twente in 1990.

Career 
Bijker was an assistant and associate professor of philosophy from 1987 at the Maastricht University before becoming full professor of technology and society in 1994. Bijker's fields of research include social and historical studies of science, technology and society; theories of technology development; methodology of science, technology and society studies; democratisation of technological culture; science and technology policies; ICT, multimedia and the social-cultural dimensions of the information society; gender and technology; and meta studies of architecture, planning, and civil engineering. With Trevor Pinch he is considered as one of the main adherents of the Social Construction of Technology-approach, (SCOT) their 1984 article "The Social Construction of Facts and Artefacts: or How the Sociology of Science and the Sociology of Technology might Benefit Each Other" is cited as the first substantive work to elaborate on the SCOT perspective. Central to the SCOT theoretical framework is the idea of 'interpretive flexibility', that is that the products of scientific and technological endeavours are not fixed on a given trajectory determined by a physical nature, but rather interact with the social environments in which they are produced. To illustrate their theorectical argument Pinch and Bijker, in their 1984 article, use the development of the bicycle and the substantive shaping of this through the influences of various user groups, manufacturers and interested others.

On 12 May 2017 Wiebe Bijker became emeritus professor.

Selected publications

Books

Journal articles

See also 
 Science and technology studies
 Sociology of scientific knowledge
 Sociotechnology

References

External links 
 Personal website at University of Maastricht

1951 births
Delft University of Technology alumni
Dutch engineers
20th-century Dutch historians
Dutch sociologists
Historians of technology
Living people
Academic staff of Maastricht University
People from Delft
Philosophers of technology
Sociologists of science
Leonardo da Vinci Medal recipients
Beyond Einstein program. The Beyond Einstein program is a NASA project designed to explore the limits of General theory of Relativity of Albert Einstein. The project includes two space observatories, and several observational cosmology probes. The program culminates with the Einstein Vision probes, after completion of the Great Observatories program.

Constellation-X Observatory (Con-X) and the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) have been promoted by NASA as the Einstein Great Observatories, to differentiate them from the current generation. However, they are not a part of the Great Observatories program.

Program missions

Einstein Great Observatories 
 Constellation-X (Con-X) (cancelled - Merged with International X-ray Observatory (IXO)): the next-generation X-ray space observatory 
 Laser Interferometer Space Antenna LISA (LISA Pathfinder in 2015): a gravitational wave space observatory. The NASA component of this mission was terminated in 2011; within the European Space Agency's Cosmic Vision program, an evolved LISA has been chosen to proceed with a tentative launch date in 2034.

Einstein Probes 
 Inflation Probe: designed to examine the cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization; a follow-up to Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) and Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP)
 Black-Hole Finder Probe (BHFP): a complement to Constellation-X Observatory (HTXS)
 Dark Energy Probe: the Joint Dark Energy Mission (JDEM) was studied extensively in three different implementations:
 Supernova/Acceleration Probe (SNAP) - no longer under study. Superseded by the Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope (Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope)
 Dark Energy Space Telescope (Destiny) - no longer under study. Superseded by the Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope (Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope)
 Advanced Dark Energy Physics Telescope (ADEPT) - no longer under study. Superseded by the Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope (Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope)

The science of the Dark Energy Probe was folded into the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope (WFIRST) mission upon recommendation by a National Research Council committee in 2010.

Einstein Vision missions 
 Big Bang Observer, a follow-up mission to LISA and Inflation Probe, also a gravitational-wave observatory 
 Black-Hole Imager (MAXIM): an X-ray observation of infalling gas at the event horizon of a black hole; a follow-up to HTXS and BHFP

See also 

 Great Observatories program

References

External links 
 

NASA programs