omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Stanwood (automobile). The Stanwood was an American automobile manufactured by the Stanwood Motor Company from 1920 until 1922 in St Louis, Missouri.

History 
Fred H. Berger was the chief engineer of the Stanwood Motor Car Company. The Stanwood Six was an "assembled car" with Continental 7R six-cylinder engine.  Parts advertised as fitted included Stromberg Carburetor,  Westinghouse starting and lighting, Grant-Lees transmission, Borg & Beck clutch, Standard Parts rear axle, Bock roller bearings, Stewart-Warner vacuum feed fuel system, Gemmer steering gear,  Atwater-Kent ignition, Perfection springs and Alemite chassis lubrication system.

Offered in the first year only as a Touring car, on a 118-inch wheelbase at $2,050 (), a roadster and closed sedan were added for 1922.  Production was approximately 200 to 300 cars before closing in 1922.

References

Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States
Motor vehicle manufacturers based in Missouri
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1920
Vehicle manufacturing companies disestablished in 1922
Vintage vehicles
1920s cars
Cars introduced in 1920
Cars discontinued in 1922
Staunau. The Staunau was a German automobile manufactured from 1950 until 1951.

Karl-Heinz Staunau was an entrepreneur from Hamburg-Harburg who had enjoyed some success as a manufacturer of commercial machines for ice cream and bakery businesses during the years following the war.   By the late 1940s he had set his sights on a larger share of the Wirtschaftswunder (West German economic miracle) that was to become a feature of post-war reconstruction.   With the help of a former aircraft engineer Staunau developed in a few months a small two door four seater fastback bodied car to a point where he said it was ready for production.

The design combined a crude but modern looking body with the front-wheel drive running gear from a DKW and  an engine from Ilo, a major manufacturer of motor-bike engines.   The resulting 389 cc 2-cylinder 2-stroke powered Staunau Type K400 used a three speed manual transmission and was spectacularly underdeveloped and underpowered, but very competitively priced.   The same body was used for the more powerful Staunau Type K750 which employed a four speed manual transmission and was powered by a 748cc 2-cylinder 2-stroke motor.   Claimed power outputs for the two version were respectively 9.5 kW (13 PS) and 18 kW (25 PS) which were said to allow for top speeds of 92 km/h (57 mph) and 105 km/h (65 mph).   By the time the end came, the company had manufactured 64 of the Type K400s and 16 Type K750s.   The English writer and distinguished automobile historian David Burgess-Wise describes the Staunau automobile as "probably one of the worst small cars ever made after World War II."

In  a previous career Staunau had been an expert in advertising, and reports started to appear that the US Chrysler Corporation was keen to incorporate the Staunau cars into its range for a future European sales programme.   Many in the press were happy to disseminate these reports.  More disturbingly many people were persuaded to part with their savings in order to invest in Staunau's business.   When inevitable bankruptcy ensued, Karl-Heinz Staunau purchased a flight to South America, and so from the point of view of his German creditors, disappeared from view.

References

This entry includes information from the equivalent entry in the German Wikipedia.

 David Burgess Wise, The New Illustrated Encyclopedia of Automobiles.
 Reinhard Lintelmann: Motorroller und Kleinwagen der fünfziger Jahre, Podszun Verlag Brilon, 4. Auflage (2000), 

Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of Germany
Android. Android most commonly refers to:

Android (robot), a humanoid robot or synthetic organism designed to imitate a human
 Android (operating system), a mobile operating system primarily developed by Google
Android may also refer to:

Science and technology

 The Android mascot, the mascot of the Android operating system

Arts and entertainment

Film
 Android (film), a 1982 film directed by Aaron Lipstadt
 Android, the Russian title for the 2013 film App

Music
 The Androids, an Australian rock band
 "Android" (song), a 2012 song by TVXQ
 "Android", a song by Green Day from the album Kerplunk
 "Android", a song on The Prodigy's What Evil Lurks EP

Games
 Android (board game), published by Fantasy Flight Games

Other uses in arts and entertainment
 Amazo, DC Comics character aka The Android
 The Android (novel), by K. A. Applegate
 Android 18, Dragon Ball manga character
 Android 17, Dragon Ball manga character, brother of Android 18
 Android 15, yet another distinguished Dragon Ball: Super Android 13 movie character

See also

 
 
 Androyd, a brand name of oxymetholone 
 Gynoid
 Cyborg
 Robot
 Droid (disambiguation)
 Metalman (disambiguation)
 Robotman (disambiguation)
SDET. SDET also stands for software development engineer in test, a type of software engineer.

SDET is a benchmark used in the systems software research community for measuring the throughput of a multi-user computer operating system.

Its name stands for SPEC Software Development Environment Throughput (SDET), and is packaged along with Kenbus in the SPEC SDM91 benchmark.

A more modern benchmark that is related to SDET is the reaim package, which is itself an up-to-date implementation of the venerable AIM Multiuser Benchmark.

Sources and external links
 SDM91
 Perspectives on the SPEC SDET Benchmark

Computer performance
Evaluation of computers
Mondial Piega 1000. The Mondial Piega 1000 is an exotic, limited production Italian sport bike made by Mondial. The engine is from Honda, the same V-twin used on the VTR-1000 SP-1.

Specifications

All specifications are for the Mondial Piega, manufacturer claimed and estimated. Differences for the Evolution model are shown after a double slash, i.e. //

Engine
 Type: Liquid-cooled, four-stroke 90° V-Twin DOHC, 4 valves/cylinder
 Capacity: 999 cc
 Bore/Stroke: 
 Compression ratio: 10.8:1
 Fuel system: Electronic Fuel Injection
 Ignition: Mondial Software Control Unit

Transmission
 Primary Drive: Gear
 Final Drive: Chain
 Clutch: Wet, Multi-plate
 Gearbox: 6-speed

Cycle parts
 Frame: Tubular chromium-molybdenum-vanadium steel trellis; Öhlins steering damper
 Swingarm: Tubular chromium-molybdenum-vanadium steel trellis wrapped in carbon-fiber
 Front wheel: // Evo: Marchesini
 Rear wheel: // Evo: Marchesini
 Front tyre: 120/70 ZR 17
 Rear tyre: 180/50 ZR 17 // Evo: 180/55 ZR 17
 Front suspension: Paioli 46 mm TiN upside down forks // Evo: Öhlins 43 mm TiN upside-down forks
 Rear suspension: Öhlins
 Front brakes: Brembo dual 310 mm discs with 4-piston calipers // Evo: dual 320 mm discs with 4 piston Radial Calipers
 Rear brakes: single 200 mm disc with 2-piston calipers // Evo: single 220 mm

Dimensions
 Length: ? mm (? in): // Evo: 2000 mm (78.7 in)
 Width (w/mirrors): // Evo: 990 mm (39 in)
 Height: ? mm (in)
 Seat height: 820 mm (32.3 in)
 Wheelbase: 1398 mm (55 in) // Evo: 1420 mm (55.9 in)
 Rake: // Evo: 26°
 Trail:
 Weight (dry): 179 kg // Evo: 178 kg
 Fuel Tank capacity: 20 L (reserve 3 L) // Evo: 18 L (reserve 3.8 L)

Performance 
(measured at crankshaft)
 Maximum Power: 101.4 kW (136 bhp) @ 9,500 rpm // Evo: 104.4 kW (140 bhp) @ 9,800 rpm
 Maximum Torque: 110 Nm (81.1 ft·lbf) @ 8,500 rpm // Evo: 100 Nm (73.8 ft·lbf) @ 8,000 rpm

External links
 Mondial Moto Infosite

Piega
Sport bikes
Motorcycles introduced in 2002
Keelung River. The Keelung River () is a river in northern Taiwan.

The Keelung River originates in the mountains west-northwest of the town of Jingtong in Pingxi District, New Taipei City, flows down to a rift valley and then flows ENE to Sandiaoling. Then it flows northward to a point between Jiufen and Keelung City, and then heads back in a general WSW direction to Taipei, where it joins the Tamsui River and flows out to sea. The land around the Keelung river was rich in gold and coal, and many areas were mined.

Geology
Park along the river is Dajia Riverside Park.

Pollution 
The Keelung River is heavily polluted by both raw sewage and industrial pollution from illegal industry. The restoration of the natural river is on the agenda of the Taipei City Government and several citizen organizations.

Events
During the 1880s, the French general Jacques Duchesne fought the Keelung campaign in the river basin, defeating the Chinese.

On 4 February 2015, TransAsia Airways Flight 235, an ATR-72 operated by TransAsia Airways, crashed into the river, close to the Nanhu Bridge in Taipei, resulting in 43 fatalities and 17 injuries, including two on the ground.

River straightening 
In the second half of the 20th century, the Keelung river has undergone several manmade changes to reduce flooding and accommodate growth of the Taipei. These include straightening of the river's path near the districts of Nangang, Neihu and Shilin.

See also
 Geography of Taiwan
 Keelung Nuannuan pothole
 Shifen Waterfall

References 

Rivers of Taiwan
Landforms of New Taipei
Landforms of Keelung
Landforms of Taipei
3,5-Xylidine. 3,5-Xylidine is the organic compound with the formula C6H3(CH3)2NH2. It is one of several isomeric xylidines.  It is a colorless viscous liquid.  It is used in the production of the dye Pigment Red 149.

Production
3,5-Xylidine is produced industrially by amination of the xylenol using ammonia and alumina catalyst.

References

Anilines
2,5-Xylidine. 2,5-Xylidine is an organic compound with the formula C6H3(CH3)2NH2. It is one of several isomeric xylidines.  It is a colorless viscous liquid.  Commercially significant derivatives include Solvent Yellow 30, Solvent Red 22, Acid Red 65, and Solvent Red 26.

Production
Like many xylidines, it is prepared by nitration of the corresponding xylene followed by reduction of the nitroxylene.  Reduction can be effected with HCl/Fe, but usually is achieved by catalytic hydrogenation:
Me2C6H4  +  HNO3   →   Me2C6H3NO2  +  H2O
Me2C6H3NO2  +  3 H2   →   Me2C6H3NH2  +  3H2O

Safety
It is mutagenic and tumor-inducing.  Acute toxicity of xylidines is modest as indicated by LD50 (rats, oral) are in the range 0.1-1 g/kg.

References

Anilines
2,4-Xylidine. 2,4-Xylidine is an organic compound with the formula C6H3(CH3)2NH2. It is one of several isomeric xylidines.  It is a colorless viscous liquid.  Commercially significant derivatives include the veterinary drug cymiazole and the colorant Pigment Yellow 81.

Genotoxic and teratogenic, 2,4xylidine is an industrial pollutant. In addition, it is a degradant of the pesticide amitraz at very acidic pH values (<3).

It is prepared by nitration of m-xylene followed by hydrogenation.

References

Anilines
41xx steel. 41xx steel is a family of SAE steel grades, as specified by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE). Alloying elements include chromium and molybdenum, and as a result these materials are often informally referred to as chromoly steel (common variant stylings include chrome-moly, cro-moly, CrMo, CRMO, CR-MOLY, and similar).  They have an excellent strength to weight ratio and are considerably stronger and harder than standard 1020 steel, but are not easily welded, requiring thermal treatment both before and after welding to avoid cold cracking.

While these grades of steel do contain chromium, it is not in great enough quantities to provide the corrosion resistance found in stainless steel.

Examples of applications for 4130, 4140, and 4145 include structural tubing, bicycle frames, gas bottles for transportation of pressurized gases, firearm parts, clutch and flywheel components, and roll cages. 4150 stands out as being one of the steels accepted for use in M16 rifle and M4 carbine barrels by the United States military. These steels are also used in aircraft parts and therefore 41xx grade structural tubing is sometimes referred to as "aircraft tubing".

Properties

Other characteristics 
One of the characteristics of this class of steel is the ability to be case hardened by carburization of the surface.  The core of the material retains its bulk properties, while the outer surface is significantly hardened to reduce wear and tear.  This makes this grade of steel an excellent material for uses such as gears, piston pins, and crankshafts.

4140 Steel 
4140 Steel (Quenched and Tempered) Mechanical Properties

See also 
 4116 Krupp, not a member of this series

References 

Steels
Estel. Estel (also styled as ESTEL) was a steel company formed by the merging of Koninklijke Hoogovens IJmuiden steel plant and Hoesch's main steel plant in Dortmund. The company existed from 1972 to 1982 until de-merged.

History
In 1966 the board of Koninklijke Hoogovens voted in favour of merging their IJmuiden steelworks with the Dortmund plant of German steelmaker Hoesch; Hoesch would benefit from the IJmuiden steelwork's port, and Koninklijke Hoogovens' 43% shareholding in the Dortmund-Hörder Hüttenunion (DHHU) was converted into a 15% shareholding in Hoesch with Hoesch acquiring DHUU. The two firms made agreements on division of work between the plants – IJmuiden was to concentrate on pig iron, crude steel, and semi-manufactured products, whilst Hoesch's Dortmund plant was to produce finished steels and manufactured products. The two entities were merged in 1972, forming Estel NV, headquarter in Nijmegen.

In the mid 1970s the Steel crisis caused overcapacity in steel production throughout Europe; Estel needed to invest to improve production quality and efficiency to compensate for loss of production volume, and to cut production costs; additionally Hoesch's branch of Estel was making losses, and required support; as such it sought investment from both the German and Netherlands government; however the Dutch government was only willing to invest if the German state also supported the venture, whilst the German state wished any restructuring and investment to be done in collaboration with Krupp (also loss making) which was not acceptable to Dutch banks. As a result, in 1982 the 50:50 partnership of Estel was dissolved, with Hoesch taking 61% of its liabilities.

Notes

References

External links

Steel companies of Germany
Steel companies of the Netherlands
Manufacturing companies established in 1972
Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1982
1972 establishments in the Netherlands
1982 disestablishments in the Netherlands
Companies based in Gelderland
Organisations based in Nijmegen
List of balloon uses. This is a list of uses of balloons

tiny
balloon catheter
balloon tamponade
Graphene balloons
small (volume of a few litres)
gas balloon
Balloon Drop
cluster ballooning
Talking balloon
toy balloon
water balloon
papier-mâché
balloon modelling
decoration
solar balloon
balloon mail as part of a balloon flight competition or to spread information
balloon helicopter
balloon rocket, demonstration of rocket propulsion
ceiling balloon
decoys accompanying ICBMs in midcourse, see also countermeasure
A vessel for storing nitrous oxide prior to inhalation for use as a recreational drug
medium (volume of tens to thousands of litres)
free flying
high-altitude balloon
hopper balloon
fire balloon for the transport of bombs (in World War II, FUGO-Balloon)
transport of propaganda (in World War II and in the Cold War)
ceiling balloon
weather balloon used with a radiosonde
fixed
for carrying advertising signs
to carry a radio antenna
toy balloon
research balloon
Skyhook balloon
superpressure balloon
other
balloon tires, for vehicles that require low ground pressures
large (volume up to 12,000,000 litres) 
free flying
balloon (aircraft)
lifting people, or daring prison escapes, usually with a hot air balloon, Rozière balloon or a gas balloon
airship, a steerable balloon
hybrid airship, which combines characteristics of heavier-than-air (HTA) technology, fixed-wing aircraft or helicopter, and lighter-than-air (LTA), aerostat technology.
research balloon with instrumentation, also to carry telescopes
rockoon, a carrier for rockets.
balloon satellite for space research.
espionage balloon for military reconnaissance
hopper balloon
fixed
as manned observation post (before World War II)
barrage balloon
observation balloon for military reconnaissance
positioning atomic bombs for bomb tests in the atmosphere
 moored balloon

Balloons
Disappearing-filament pyrometer. The disappearing-filament pyrometer is an optical pyrometer, in which the temperature of a glowing incandescent object is measured by comparing it to the light of a heated filament.  Invented independently in 1901 by Ludwig Holborn and Ferdinand Kurlbaum in Germany and Everett Fleet Morse in the United States, it was the first device which could measure temperatures above 1000 °C.  Disappearing filament pyrometers have been used to measure temperatures between about 600 °C and 3000 °C.  Like other optical pyrometers they are used to measure the temperature of objects too hot for contact thermometers, such as molten metals.  Widely  used in the steel and ceramics industries as well as for research, they have been almost totally superseded by electronic spectral-band pyrometers.

The simplest design has optics like a Keplerian telescope. A thin wire (filament), placed at the focal plane of the objective lens, is heated by electric current.  When seen through the eyepiece, the wire appears silhouetted in front of the hot luminous object under investigation. The user compares the brightness of the glowing filament with the object behind, and adjusts the current through the filament until it seems to "disappear" in front of the glowing object.  At that point the filament and object are at the same temperature.  The user then reads the temperature off the filament current control dial, which is calibrated by the filament's current-vs-temperature curve. or in some instruments from a current-vs-temperature table.

The filament seems to "disappear" against the background of the object because two objects at the same temperature have the same black-body spectrum.

In other designs the current through the filament is kept constant, and the radiation allowed through from the target object is varied with calibrated attenuating wedges in the optical path, or a prism is used to place the images of the target object and a calibrated glowing surface next to each other, e.g. as a disk inside a ring.

Many disappearing-filament pyrometers use a red filter.  The combination of the filter and the human eye's response only allows through a narrow band of red wavelengths, so the luminosity comparison is made over only a narrow band of wavelengths.   This reduces errors due to the target and filament not having identical emission spectra.  For very hot objects, additional filters can be used to protect the eye from excessive light.  The resolution of the instrument depends somewhat on the operator, but with a skilled operator a resolution of 10 °C  for temperatures up to 2000 °C can be achieved.

Disappearing-filament pyrometers can be used only if the object under study emits visible light similar to a hot black body;  this means that its temperature must be high enough (around 600 °C and up) and the object must not be fully transparent or highly reflective. For good accuracy, the object should appear dark gray or black when cold.

See also
 Mirror galvanometer
 Glossmeter

References

Measuring instruments
Optical instruments
Western Electricity Coordinating Council. The Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) promotes Bulk Electric System (BES) reliability for the entire Western Interconnection system. WECC is the Regional Entity responsible for compliance monitoring and enforcement. In addition, WECC provides an environment for the development of Reliability Standards and the coordination of the operating and planning activities of its members as set forth in the WECC Bylaws.

WECC is geographically the largest and most diverse of the six Regional Entities with delegated authority from the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) and Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). The WECC Region extends from Canada to Mexico and includes the provinces of Alberta and British Columbia, the northern portion of Baja California, Mexico, and all or portions of the 14 Western states between.

Membership in WECC is open to all entities who meet the qualifications in the WECC Bylaws. WECC strives for transparency and open participation in all of its meetings and processes.

WECC has a long history of assuring reliability in the West that began when it was originally formed in 1967 by 40 power systems, then known as the Western Systems Coordinating Council (WSCC). Thirty-five years later in 2002, the WSCC became WECC when three regional transmission associations merged. WECC was designated a Regional Entity for the Western Interconnection in 2007 after NERC delegated some of the authority it had received from FERC to create, monitor and enforce reliability standards.

Today, WECC is an independent organization that works with entities across the West to further the common theme of electrical grid reliability. Through its various reliability-related activities, WECC provides critical support to the Reliability Coordinators and the resource owners/operators throughout the Western Interconnection. One of WECC's functions is coordinating high voltage intertie paths throughout the region.

External links
Home Page

Electric power transmission system operators in the United States
Electric power transmission system operators in North America
Electric power transmission system operators in Canada
Companies based in Salt Lake City
American companies established in 2002
2002 establishments in Utah
Energy companies established in 2002
Chemeq. Chemeq was a publicly listed company which was listed on the Australian Stock Exchange on 25 August 1998. Chemeq was founded by Dr Graham Melrose in 1989 after he developed a new type of antimicrobial polymer. This polymer can replace antibiotics in the control of disease in commercial animal populations. Its only commercial plant is located in the seaside town of Rockingham, Western Australia.

Chemeq was sued in the Supreme Court of Western Australia by investors claiming that the company had breached the terms of the investment contract. The court found against the company and ordered it to repay the $60 million it sought. Liquidators were called in when Chemeq's appeal against the decision was dismissed.

Its intellectual Property (patents, know how and trade secrets) has been folded into a subsidiary called Chemeq Technology Pty Ltd (CTPL). CTPL was launched on 15 March 2008 with the objective of developing commercial collaborations and to allow exploitation of the IP through exclusive licenses in a number of areas; including animal health, human health and industrial uses.

The Administrators, KordaMentha, in a report dated 5 December 2007, indicated that investigations into potential offences under section 438D of the Corporations Act 2001 had identified four (4) areas where further investigation were warranted. A supplementary report dated 12 May mentioned that a confidential report had been lodged with the Australian Securities and Investigations Commission (ASIC) under section 438D of the Act. The report is not available to creditors or shareholders and will be used by ASIC to determine whether any future action is to be taken against the Company and/or its directors.

References

Pharmaceutical companies of Australia
Manufacturing companies based in Perth, Western Australia
Pharmaceutical companies established in 1989