The methods of creating the advanced nanomaterials and nanotechnolo- gies of functional multicomponent coatings Avinit (mono- and multilayer, nano- structured, gradient) to improve the performance of materials, components and parts are considered. The vacuum-plasma nanotechnologies Avinit were developed based on the use of gas-phase and plasma-chemical processes of atomic-ionic surface modifi- cation and the formation of nanolayer coatings in the environment of non-steady low-temperature plasma. Considerable attention is paid to the equipment for application of function- al multilayer composite coatings: an experimental-technological vacuum-plas- ma automated cluster Avinit, which allows to implement complex methods of coating, combined in one technological cycle. The information about the struc- ture and service characteristics of Avinit coatings has a large place. The results of metallographic, metallophysical, tribological investigations of properties of the created coatings and linking of their characteristics with pa- rameters of sedimentation process are described. The possibilities of parameters processes regulation for the purpose of reception of functional materials with the set physicochemical, mechanical complex and other properties are considered. The investigation of creating of multilayer protective surface coatings Аvinit based on Ti-TiN for turbine blades by vacuum-arc method was carried out. The influence of different methods and modes of vacuum-plasma treatment of coated surface of substrates to the adhesion value of nanolayer protective Ti- TiN coatings is studied. On the basis of carried out investigations the technology of coating the steam turbines blades for protection against flow-accelerated cor- rosions is developed. The issues of development and industrial implementation of the latest technologies for applying wear-resistant antifriction coatings Avinit with the use of nanotechnology to increase the life of various critical elements of steam and nuclear turbines are covered in detail. The book is aimed at specialists working in the field of ion-plasma surface modification of materials and functional coatings application. Keywords Vacuum plasma multilayer protective coatings Avinit, titanium, titanium nitride, turbine blades, development of nanotechnologies Avinit. vContents List of Tables .................................................................................................... vii List of Figures .................................................................................................. viii Preface ................................................................................................................ xi Circle of readers and Scope of Application .................................................. xii 1 Introducion ...................................................................................................... 1 2 Experimental equipment. Avinit vacuum plasma cluster ......................... 5 2.1 Avinit C unit (vacuum-arc coating methods) .................................. 8 2.2 Avinit V unit (gas phase deposition methods (CVD and PECVD)) [16] .................................................................... 8 2.3 Avinit M unit for coating by magnetron sputtering ........................ 9 2.4 Avinit E unit (ionic treatment (cleaning) of the surface before coating) .............................................................................................. 10 2.5 Avinit N unit (ion-plasma surface modification) [17] ................... 12 2.6 Power supplies of the Avinit installation ........................................ 12 2.7 Measurement of plasma source parameters of the Avinit cluster ................................................................................................ 14 3 Experimental studies of Avinit coating processes ................................... 16 3.1 The study of the structure and tribological properties of Avinit coatings .............................................................................................. 16 3.1.1 Method of coating ................................................................. 16 3.1.2 Methods of studying the properties of experimental samples ................................................................................... 17 3.1.3 Methods of research of friction and wear characteristics .. 18 3.2 Properties of functional multilayer Avinit coatings ...................... 18 3.2.1 Avinit С 100 coatings (based on titanium nitrides) ............ 19 3.2.2 Avinit C 200 coating (based on molybdenum nitrides) ......25 3.2.3 Avinit C 700 coating (based on chromium nitrides) ........... 29 3.2.4 Avinit C 300 coating (based on Ti-Al-N) ............................. 29 3.3 Research of friction and wear characteristics of coatings ............ 38 3.4 Plasma chemical heat treatment Avinit N ...................................... 41 3.4.1 Plasma precision nitriding Avinit N ..................................... 44 3.4.2 Contact fatigue strength ....................................................... 56 3.4.3 Development of duplex technologies Avinit ....................... 58 Vacuum-plasma multilayer protective coatings for turbine bladesvi4 Development of industrial research technologies for Avinit coatings .. 65 4.1 The choice of coatings to improve the reliability of thermal equipment of turbines ...................................................................... 65 4.2 Coatings to increase the service life of steam distribution and steam control mechanisms of turbines ........................................... 65 4.3 Avinit duplex technologies .............................................................. 69 4.4 Vacuum-plasma multilayer protective coatings for turbines blades .............................................................................................. 71 5 Implementation of Avinit technologies into serial production .............. 80