omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
PANS-OPS. PANS-OPS is an air traffic control acronym which stands for Procedures for Air Navigation Services – Aircraft OPerationS. PANS-OPS are rules for designing instrument approach and departure procedures. Such procedures are used to allow aircraft to land and take off when instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) impose instrument flight rules (IFR).

ICAO rules 

The Flight Safety section of International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is responsible for PANS-OPS, which outlines the principles for airspace protection and procedure design to which all ICAO signatory states must adhere. The regulatory material surrounding PANS-OPS may vary from country to country.

Handling of obstacles 
Chapter 4 of Annex 14 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation "[establishes] a series of obstacle limitation surfaces that define the limits to which objects may project into the airspace" surrounding an aerodrome. PANS-OPS defines "protection surfaces" which are imaginary surfaces in space that guarantee an aircraft a certain minimum obstacle clearance, similar to the purpose of obstacle limitation surfaces (OLS) in Annex 14. These surfaces may be used as a tool for local governments in assessing building development. Where buildings may (under certain circumstances) be permitted to penetrate the OLS, they cannot be permitted to penetrate any PANS-OPS surface, because the purpose of these surfaces is to guarantee that aircraft operating under instruments are free of obstacles on an approach or departure.

Other PANS 
 
 PANS-ATM: Procedures for Air Navigation Services – Air Traffic Management (ICAO Doc. 4444)
 PANS-TRG: Procedures for Air Navigation Services – Training (ICAO Doc. 9868)
PANS-AD (PANS-Aerodrome, ICAO Doc 9981)
PANS-OPS (Aircraft operations, ICAO Doc 8168)
PANS-ABC (Abbreviations and codes, ICAO Doc 8400)
PANS-AIM (Aeronautical information management, ICAO Doc 10066)

History of Pans-Ops software 
In 1989 the very first commercially available off the shelf instrument procedure design software (Wavionix) conforming to ICAO document 8168 Pans-Ops was programmed by Ian Whitworth. This software was first demonstrated at Bailbrook College in Bath, England in 1992 to a procedure design course. Prior to this all procedure design was done with pencil, tracing paper and a calculator. The software was programmed on a 386 IBM laptop computer and written in the "LISP" programming language.

PANS-OPS software Nowadays 

On the internet, you can find examples of modern PANS operations, as well as the software and language used to program them:

1) FPDAM from IDS AirNav (an ENAV group company), used in more than 80 organizations, among ANSP/CAA, military agencies

2) AirNavCAD (Online software). Used in Europe, Asia, America and Australia to make PANS-OPS.

3) ASAP – PHX – Used by CAAs in 13 countries and 9 ANSPs throughout the world

References

External links
 
 
 
 

Air traffic control
Avonite. Avonite Surfaces is an acrylic solid surface material brand.

External links 
 
"Slabs of Color", Popular Science, June 1989
"High-Tech Countertop: How to build a new countertop with the latest material", Popular Mechanics, April 1990
Cabinets and Countertops, Taunton Press, 2006
"A Solid History: Reviewing 40 Years Of Solid Surface", Surface Fabrication, November 2007
The professional practice of architectural detailing, Wiley, 1987

Building materials
Kitchen countertops
ISLISP. ISLISP (also capitalized as ISLisp) is a programming language in the Lisp family standardized by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) joint working group ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22/WG 16 (commonly termed simply SC22/WG16 or WG16). The primary output of this working group was an international standard, published by ISO. The standard was updated in 2007 and republished as ISO/IEC 13816:2007(E).  Although official publication was through ISO, versions of the ISLISP language specification are available that are believed to be in the public domain.

The goal of this standards effort was to define a small, core language to help bridge the gap between differing dialects of Lisp. It attempted to accomplish this goal by studying primarily Common Lisp, EuLisp, Le Lisp, and Scheme and standardizing only those features shared between them.

Design goals
ISLISP has these design goals:

 Compatible with extant Lisp dialects where feasible
 Provide basic functionality
 Object-oriented
 Design for extensibility
 Prioritize industrial needs over academic needs
 Promote efficient implementations and applications

ISLISP has separate function and variable namespaces (hence it is a Lisp-2).

ISLISP's object system, ILOS, is mostly a subset of the Common Lisp Object System (CLOS).

Major differences from Common Lisp
 There is a global lexical variable. (defglobal)
 Dynamic variable is explicit. (dynamic)
 Keywords are not self-evaluating.
 Destructuring is not supported in defmacro.

Implementations
ISLISP implementations have been made for many operating systems including: Windows, most Unix and POSIX based (Linux, macOS, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD, Solaris, HP-UX, AIX, Cygwin, QNX), Android, DOS, OS/2, Pocket PC, OpenVMS, and z/OS.

Implementations for hardware computer architectures include: x86, x86-64, IA-64, SPARC, SPARC9, PowerPC, MIPS, Alpha, PA-RISC, ARM, AArch64

Two older implementations are no longer available:
TISL, by Masato Izumi and Takayasu Ito (Tohoku University), was an interpreter and compiler.
G-LISP, by Josef Jelinek, was a Java applet.

References

External links
ISLISP 2007 draft in PDF format
ISLISP 2007 draft in HTML format
ISLISP page of Kent M Pitman
ISLISP page of OKI ISLISP developers
ISLISP on Software Preservation Group

Lisp programming language family
Lisp (programming language)
Programming languages with an ISO standard
Bankura Unnayani Institute of Engineering. The Bankura Unnayani Institute of Engineering or BUIE is a private (TEQUIP-II funded) sponsored engineering college in West Bengal, India providing under-graduate as well as post-graduate courses in engineering and technology disciplines. It was established in 1998 as the first engineering college in Bankura district.The college is affiliated with Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology and all the programmes are approved by the All India Council for Technical Education.

The campus is located at Subhankar Nagar, Puabagan, Bankura.

Academics

The institute offers seven undergraduate courses:-

B.Tech in Electronics and Communication Engineering (ECE)- 4 years [Approved intake - 120]
B.Tech in Applied Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering (AEIE)- 4 years [Approved intake - 30]
B.Tech in Electrical Engineering (EE)- 4 years [Approved intake - 60]
B.Tech in Mechanical Engineering (ME)- 4 years [Approved intake - 60]
B.Tech in Computer Science and Engineering (CSE)- 4 years [Approved intake - 60]
B.Tech in Civil Engineering (CE)- 4 years [Approved intake - 60]
B.Tech in Information Technology (IT)- 4 years [Approved intake - 30]

The following Postgraduate Degree Programs are offered:-

M.Tech. in VLSI & Microelectronics- 2 years [Approved intake - 18] 
M.Tech. in Computer Science & Engineering- 2 years [Approved intake - 18]

See also
 All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE)
 Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology

References

External links
 Official website

Colleges affiliated to West Bengal University of Technology
Engineering colleges in West Bengal
Universities and colleges in Bankura district
Universities and colleges established in 1998
1998 establishments in West Bengal
Beagle Terrier. The Beagle A.61 Terrier is a British single-engined monoplane built by Beagle Aircraft.

Development 

The Auster Aircraft Company purchased a large number of former British Army Auster aircraft during the late 1950s. These were Auster AOP.6, T.7 and T.10 aircraft which were updated and modified with de Havilland Gipsy Major 10-1-1 engines.  Initially two versions were offered for sale in the civilian market from 1960:

 Auster 6A Tugmaster – a utility and glider towing aircraft
 Auster 6B – a three-seat luxury version. When the company became part of Beagle Aircraft in 1960, the Auster 6B was renamed the Beagle A.61 Terrier 1.

In 1962 the Beagle A.61 Terrier 2 was introduced with a greater span tailplane, wheel spats and a metal propeller.

The Terrier was not an economic success for the manufacturer as it was found that more man-hours were spent on rebuilding each aircraft after its military use than were spent in building the new aircraft for the Army. It was also out-dated as, by 1961, most competing manufacturers were introducing new designs which were all-metal, with tricycle undercarriages and powered by more modern engines such as Lycoming or Continental (e.g. the Cessna 150 and the Piper Cherokee). However the Terrier has found many adherents among vintage light aircraft owner pilots. Examples of the type were purchased by owners in the United Kingdom, Eire, Germany, Netherlands, New Zealand and Sweden. 23 Terriers were registered in the UK in 2013.

Production
Terrier 1 
Eighteen Terrier 1 conversions were built. The first conversion flew 13 April 1961 from Rearsby.
Terrier 2
Forty-Five Terrier 2 conversions were completed at Rearsby. A small number of airframes were converted subsequently to this standard by other companies.
Terrier 3
One Terrier 3 powered by a 160 hp Lycoming O-320-B2B engine was essentially complete at Rearsby when Terrier production was stopped in 1966.  In 1967, an incomplete Terrier 2 was modified to this standard by British European Airways engineering apprentices and registered G-AVYK.

Specifications (Terrier 2)

See also

References

Bibliography
N.H. Ellison and R.O. MacDemitria, Auster Aircraft Production list, 1966, Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd, ISBN none

External links

Beagle Terrier – British Aircraft Directory

High-wing aircraft
1960s British civil utility aircraft
Terrier
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Glider tugs
Auster aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1961
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
MINPACK. MINPACK is a library of FORTRAN subroutines for the solving of systems of nonlinear equations, or the least-squares minimization of the residual of a set of linear or nonlinear equations.

MINPACK, along with other similar libraries such as LINPACK and EISPACK, originated from the Mathematics and Computer Science Division Software (MCS) of Argonne National Laboratory. Written by Jorge Moré, Burt Garbow, and Ken Hillstrom, MINPACK is free and designed to be highly portable, robust and reliable. The quality of its implementation of the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm is attested by Dennis and Schnabel.

Five algorithmic paths each include a core subroutine and a driver routine. The algorithms proceed either from an analytic specification of the Jacobian matrix or directly from the problem functions. The paths include facilities for systems of equations with a banded Jacobian matrix, for least-squares problems with a large amount of data, and for checking the consistency of the Jacobian matrix with the functions.

References
 J. J. Moré, B. S. Garbow, and K. E. Hillstrom, User Guide for MINPACK-1, Argonne National Laboratory Report ANL-80-74, Argonne, Ill., 1980. 
 J. J. Moré, D. C. Sorensen, K. E. Hillstrom, and B. S. Garbow, The MINPACK Project, in Sources and Development of Mathematical Software, W. J. Cowell, ed., Prentice-Hall, pages 88–111, 1984.

External links
 Netlib download site
 User Guide for MINPACK-1, Chapters 1 to 3, from J. J. Moré website
 User Guide for MINPACK-1, Chapter 4, from J. J. Moré website

Fortran libraries
Numerical software
Max Früh. Max Früh is a small German specialist construction company mostly building bridges. It was established in 1908.

One of its flagship projects was the construction of the Pierre Pflimlin bridge over the Rhine south of Strasbourg in the early 2000s together with Bilfinger Berger.

References

External links
Max Früh (official website)

Construction and civil engineering companies of Germany
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1908
German companies established in 1908
The Milwaukee Electric Railway and Light Company. The Milwaukee Electric Railway and Light Company , also referred to as the Milwaukee Interurban Lines or TMER&L, is a defunct railroad that operated in and around Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It was the largest electric railway and electric utility system in Wisconsin, and combined several of the earlier horsecar, steam dummy, and streetcar lines into one system. Its Milwaukee streetcar lines soon ran on most major streets and served most areas of the city. The interurban lines reached throughout southeastern Wisconsin. TMER&L also operated the streetcar lines in Appleton, Kenosha, and Racine, as well as its own switching operations at the Port Washington and Lakeside power plants.

The first electric streetcar in Milwaukee operated on Wells Street on April 3, 1890. The Waukesha Beach Railway was formally opened on June 25, 1895. The first interurban ran between Milwaukee and Kenosha on June 1, 1897. Other lines soon reached Watertown, Burlington, and East Troy. In 1922, TMER&L acquired the Milwaukee Northern Railway and added their Milwaukee to Sheboygan interurban line to the system.

During the Great Depression, services on streetcar and interurban lines were reduced, replaced with buses, abandoned, or sold. Abandonments ceased during World War II when gas and tires were rationed and defense workers needed transportation. After the war, riders returned to their automobiles and abandonments resumed. The last streetcar to run in Milwaukee and the entire state operated on Wells Street on March 2, 1958. Electric locomotives continued operating at the power plants until the early 1970s.

The last two remaining sections of interurban lines were to Hales Corners and Waukesha. They continued in operation until June 30, 1951 as part of the Milwaukee Rapid Transit and Speedrail Company's rapid transit service, as it had essentially lost the remainder of its postwar ridership following a collision in Greenfield, Wisconsin that killed 8 people and injured around 40, just the year before. The outer end of the East Troy branch (beyond Mukwonago) continues to operate as the East Troy Electric Railroad, a  long heritage railroad. There were plans to extend the Watertown line to Madison, the East Troy line to Delavan, and the Burlington line to Lake Geneva. However, none of these plans came to fruition.

Gallery

References 

Defunct Wisconsin railroads
Interurban railways in Wisconsin
Streetcars in Wisconsin
Transportation in Milwaukee
History of Milwaukee
Electric railways in Wisconsin
F17. F17 or F-17 may refer to:

 Formula 17, a 2004 Taiwanese film
 ECAN F17, a French wire-guided torpedo
 F 17 Kallinge, an air force base in southern Sweden 
 JF-17 Thunder, a fighter aircraft built by China and Pakistan
 Northrop YF-17, an American prototype fighter aircraft of the 1970s
 For the F17 Bandy World Championship, see Bandy World Championship G-17
 Fluorine-17 (F-17 or 17F), an isotope of fluorine

See also

 
 
 f (disambiguation)
 17 (disambiguation)
 17f (disambiguation)
System Service Processor. The System Service Processor (often abbreviated as SSP) is a SPARC-based computer that is used to control the Sun Microsystems Enterprise 10000 platform.  The term SSP is often used to describe both the computer hardware and the software that are necessary to accomplish this task.

Functionality
The System Service Processor software provided for the following functionality:

 Environmental monitoring and automated domain-shutdown in the event of an out-of-bounds condition, such as a CPU getting too hot.
 The creation and destruction of domains
 The ability to boot domains
 Domain console device
 Dynamic Reconfiguration of domains, in which CPU, memory, and/or Input-Output boards are added to or removed from a running domain.
 Assign multiple paths to Input-Output devices for increased availability
 Monitor and display platform environmental statistics, such as the temperatures, currents, and voltages present on System Boards
 Monitor and control power flow to the platform components such as System Boards and Control Boards
 Power On Self Test and similar platform diagnostics
 Logging and Notification for various platform events
 The creation and destruction of Inter Domain Networks (IDNs) which allow for TCP/IP connectivity between domains, across the platform's centerplane.
 Support for a dual power-grid option

Several utilities were provided with the SSP software packages, including  hostview, a program that provided an X Window System interface for platform maintenance, and several CLI programs.

Implementation
Normally, two System Service Processors were used per platform.  One was configured as Main and the other as Spare. Only the SSP in the role of Main could control the platform at any given time. Failover between Main and Spare was performed automatically by the SSP software.

Supported hardware platforms
The following systems were supported for use as System Service Processors:

 Sun SPARCstation 5
 Sun Ultra 5
 Sun Enterprise 250
 Sun Netra T1

See also 
 Baseboard Management Controller
 IBM System Guard, a service processor on most RS/6000 machines
 Intel Management Engine

References
 Sun Enterprise 10000 SSP 3.5 User Guide, October 2001

External links
 Sun Enterprise 10000 SSP 3.5 Collection

Sun Microsystems hardware
Sun Microsystems software
SPARC microprocessor products
Extended physiological proprioception. Extended physiological proprioception (EPP) is a concept pioneered by D.C. Simpson (1972) to describe the ability to perceive at the tip of a tool. Proprioception is the concept is that proprioceptors in the muscles and joints, couple with cutaneous receptors to identify and manage contacts between the body and the world. Extended physiological proprioception allows for this same process to apply to contacts between a tool that is being held and the world. The work was based on prostheses developed at the time in response to disabilities incurred by infants as the  result of use of the drug thalidomide by mothers from 1957 to 1962, with the tool in this case simply being the prosthesis itself.  How a person identifies with themself changes after a lower limb amputation affects body image, functioning, awareness, and future projections.

People with amputations have reported phantom limbs. This serves as evidence that the brain is hard-wired to perceive body image, making it notable that sensory input and proprioceptive feedback are not essential in its formation. Losing an anatomical part through amputation sets a person up for complex perceptual, emotional, and psychological responses. Such responses include phantom limb pain, which is the painful feeling some amputees incur after amputation in the area lost. Phantom limb pain permits a natural acceptance and use of prosthetic limbs.

See also
 The Extended Mind
 Embodied cognition
 Situated cognition

Further reading

References

Prosthetics
Entrainment (engineering). In engineering, entrainment is the entrapment of one substance by another substance. For example:

 The entrapment of liquid droplets or solid particulates in a flowing gas, as with smoke.
 The entrapment of gas bubbles or solid particulates in a flowing liquid, as with aeration.
 Given two mutually insoluble liquids, the emulsion of droplets of one liquid into the other liquid, as with margarine.
 Given two gases, the entrapment of one gas into the other gas.
 "Air entrainment" – The intentional entrapment of air bubbles into concrete.
 Entrainment defect in metallurgy, as a result of folded pockets of oxide inside the melt.

See also
 Souders–Brown equation

References

Chemical engineering
Downer EDI Works Limited. Downer EDI Works Limited (previously Public Works department, Ministry of Works and Works Infrastructure Limited and often simply Works) is a New Zealand based engineering and construction company owned by the Downer Group.

History
The former New Zealand Ministry of Works, originally set up in 1870 as the Public Works Department and later known as Works Civil Construction, was corporatized in 1996. As a result, a new entity was created and the assets and operations of the former organization were transferred to it. It procured over 30 other companies in the following years, and changed its name to Works Infrastructure in 2000. In July 2007, it became Downer EDI Works Limited.

Structure
Downer EDI Works is spread across various countries—New Zealand (around 2,700 employees), Australia, Asia and the Pacific region. Its annual turnover exceeds NZ$600 million, with a 2006 financial year surplus of NZ$16 million.

Over 75% of the business of the company falls under the various branches of New Zealand Government (including local authorities), which involves construction and maintenance of the country's roads. 300,000 tonnes of asphalt is produced by Works per year.

Awards 
The Accident Compensation Corporation awarded Works Infrastructure Limited the ACC 'ThinkSafe' Workplace Safety Award in 2005 for its workplace safety culture.

References

External links

Construction and civil engineering companies of New Zealand
New Zealand subsidiaries of foreign companies
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1996
New Zealand companies established in 1996
Switchover. Switchover is the manual switch from one system to a redundant or standby computer server, system, or network upon the failure or abnormal termination of the previously active server, system, or network, or to perform system maintenance, such as installing patches, and upgrading software or hardware.

Automatic switchover of a redundant system on an error condition, without human intervention, is called failover. Manual switchover on error would be used if automatic failover is not available, possibly because the overall system is too complex.

See also
 Safety engineering
 Data integrity
 Fault-tolerance
 High-availability cluster (HA clusters)
 Business continuity planning

References 

Engineering failures
Fault-tolerant computer systems
Hermann Steiner. Hermann Steiner (1913 - 14 November 2005) was a Swiss inventor and businessman.

In 1944, Steiner opened his carpenters shop in Liestal, Switzerland.  He invented a system in 1956 that he called the Lamello Joining System which is now known as the biscuit joiner or plate joiner.  He also produced the first portable plate joiner in the late 1960s.  In 1969, his family operation was incorporated under the name Lamello AG.

References 

20th-century Swiss inventors
20th-century woodworkers
1913 births
2005 deaths