omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Nilore. Nilore () is a townsite-city in the Islamabad Capital Territory of Pakistan, located and established in the district limit of Islamabad. The city is located around 25 kilometers south-east of Islamabad, and controlled under the Islamabad Police to ensure the law and justice in the city.

The Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology (PINSTECH), covering around 400 acres, and the Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences (PIEAS) are located in Nilore, where key nuclear research takes place.

History 
Nilore was established in 1967 as a research site for nuclear technology. It became a secret city and became one of the major research site for the integrated nuclear development to develop the atom bomb in the 1970s. It was closed to the public in the 1970s by the Ministry of Defence, and starting in 1972, the Pakistan Army Corps of Engineers acquired the entire city and immediately removed the local residents as they were paid heavy compensation.

By 1973, the city communities had been removed, and fences and checkpoints had been established. Its relatively low population made acquisition affordable for the Ministry of Defence and the city was re-constructed by the Corps of Engineers. Facilities and institutes were expanded and new houses, homes, and facilities were built for the scientists and engineers who began their government research under extreme secrecy.

Since then, Nilore's given nicknames include "Northern atomic city", "secret valley" and the "city behind the fence". Nilore hosted an apex scientific research in the 1960s led under Abdus Salam, and the scientific research and development still plays a crucial role in the city's economy and culture in general.

Since the 1990s, the city has been opened for the public and classified facilities were immediately closed by the government and re-located at unknown locations.

Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences 
PIEAS is one of the finest institution in Pakistan. It was ranked amongst the Top 400 in the QS World University Rankings 2023. It has been producing engineers for Pakistan for many decades. Students who are interested in studying in a beautiful and lovely location than PIEAS is amongst the best option. PIEAS is a better and an affordable option. It also provides various scholarship programs.

References

Hill stations in Pakistan
Geography of Islamabad
Nuclear weapons programme of Pakistan
Former closed cities
Andrew Mishkin. Andrew Mishkin (born c. 1958, in Los Angeles) is a senior systems engineer at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, where he coordinated the development of various robotic vehicles and their subsystems for more than 15 years. He was on the Sojourner rover team at its formation, eventually becoming an uplink sequence planner as Sojourner explored Mars. In 1997, he received the NASA Exceptional Achievement Medal and was also selected as one of "The 35 People Who Made the Year" in the December issue of Vanity Fair magazine. He then was a Mission Operations System Development Manager on Mars Exploration Rover mission.

Mishkin grew up in West Los Angeles, graduated from University High School (Los Angeles, California), and then obtained a BS degree in Systems Engineering (man/machine systems) and an MS in Engineering (problem solving and decision making) from UCLA. He is a member of Sigma Xi, Tau Beta Pi and Phi Beta Kappa.

His wife, Sharon Laubach, was also an engineer on the Sojourner and MER missions, the former while a Caltech graduate student.

References

External links
 AN AUTOMATED ROVER COMMAND GENERATION PROTOTYPE FOR THE MARS 2003 MARIE CURIE ROVER, 2003, NASA Technical Reports Server
 A Tool for Autonomous Ground-based Rover Planning, 2001, NASA Technical Reports Server
 From prime to extended mission : evolution of the Mars Exploration Rover tactical uplink process, 2006, NASA 
Technical Reports Server
Application of state analysis and goal-based operations to a MER mission scenario, 2006, NASA Technical Reports Server
Implementing distributed operations: a comparison of two Deep Space Missions, 2006, NASA Technical Reports Server
Mars Exploration Rover (MER) surface mission tactical uplink concepts, processes, and tools, 2002, NASA Technical Reports Server
Autonomously generating operations sequences for a Mars Rover using AI-based planning, 2001, NASA Technical Reports Server
Making tracks on Mars : mission operations for deep space, 2006, NASA Technical Reports Server
Application of state analysis and goal-based operations to a MER mission scenario, 2006, NASA Technical Reports Server

1958 births
American aerospace engineers
American technology writers
Living people
NASA people
Engineers from Los Angeles
University High School (Los Angeles) alumni
Systems engineers
UCLA Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
AlphaBasic. AlphaBASIC is a computer programming language created by Alpha Microsystems in 1976. The language was written by Alpha Microsystems employees Paul Edelstein, Dick Wilcox and Bob Courier.

Features
AlphaBASIC shares much in common with other BASIC languages. It does offer some fairly unusual features such as multi-user orientation, ability to control memory layout of variables (MAP statement), calling of external assembly language subroutines (XCALL statement). The language is designed for developers of vertical market software packages. The compiler and runtime system are written in Motorola 68000 assembly language, and thus are only able to run on Alpha Microsystems hardware. The compiler emits interpreter code.

References

External links
AlphaBASIC User's Manual
Softworks Basic is a compatible superset of the AlphaBasic Language
Softworks Basic is an AlphaBASIC compatible language for Windows, Linux, Unix
Softworks Basic to VB.Net Translator translates AlphaBASIC and Softworks Basic into Microsoft VB.Net 2005

BASIC interpreters
Assembly language software
Cape Creek Bridge. Cape Creek Bridge is an arch bridge that spans Cape Creek in Lane County, Oregon, United States. The bridge carries U.S. Route 101. Opened in 1932, it was designed by noted bridge engineer Conde McCullough and built of reinforced concrete by John K. Holt. The total length of the bridge is , with a main span of . The bridge resembles a Roman aqueduct, with a single parabolic arch that spans half its length. It was listed as Cape Creek Bridge No. 01113 on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005, as part of the C. B. McCullough Major Oregon Coast Highway Bridges MPS (Multiple Property Submission).

Corrosion protection
The Cape Creek Bridge has been impressed-current cathodically protected (ICCP) from corrosion since 1991. Rebar in concrete is highly susceptible to corrosion by chloride ions from seawater and de-icing salts. Contractors to the Oregon Department of Transportation have plasma-sprayed  of  zinc onto the exposed concrete to provide a sacrificial anode that corrodes in lieu of the steel rebar.

See also

Heceta Head
List of bridges documented by the Historic American Engineering Record in Oregon
List of bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Oregon
List of bridges on U.S. Route 101 in Oregon

References

External links

Open-spandrel deck arch bridges in the United States
Oregon Coast
Road bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Oregon
Bridges completed in 1932
U.S. Route 101
National Register of Historic Places in Lane County, Oregon
Bridges in Lane County, Oregon
Concrete bridges in Oregon
Historic American Engineering Record in Oregon
Bridges by Conde McCullough
Bridges of the United States Numbered Highway System
1932 establishments in Oregon
ICAP/4. ICAP/4 is a family of commercial SPICE analog circuit simulation software developed and sold by Intusoft for use on personal computers. It is Intusoft's fourth generation analog and mixed signal circuit simulation package and is used in electronic design automation.

All of the ICAP/4 products incorporate the Intusoft IsSpice4 simulation engine, which is based on Berkeley SPICE 3 analog simulation with the Georgia Tech XSPICE event simulator model. The original IsSpice simulator was created in 1985, however the current version offers many distinct advantages over its Berkeley SPICE predecessor.

References

External links
Detailed description of ICAP/4 and its features 
Summary of all products within the ICAP/4 family

Electronic design automation software
Electronic circuit simulators
Koiter Medal. The Warner T. Koiter Medal was established in 1996 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. It is awarded in recognition of distinguished work in the field of solid mechanics. 

The award was funded by the Technical University of Delft in the honor of Warner T. Koiter, who was a professor at the university from 1949 till 1979. Koiter's most influential work dealt with the non-linear stability of structures.

The recipient is given an honorarium and a bronze medal.

Nomination procedure
The Koiter Medal Committee consists of the five recent Koiter Medalists, the five members of the executive committee of the ASME International Applied Mechanics Division (AMD), and the five recent past chairs of the AMD.  Upon receiving recommendations from the international community of applied mechanics, the Committee nominates a single medalist every year.  This nomination is subsequently approved by the ASME Committee on Honors.

Koiter Medal recipients
 2024 – H. Jerry Qi
 2023 – Yiu-Wing Mai
 2022 – Vikram Deshpande
 2021 – Gerhard A. Holzapfel, Graz University of Technology, Austria
 2020 – Anthony Waas, University of Michigan
 2019 – K. T. Ramesh, Johns Hopkins University
 2018 – M. Taher A. Saif, University of Illinois
 2017 – Wei Yang, Zhejiang University
 2016 – Pedro Ponte Castañeda, University of Pennsylvania
 2015 – Kaushik Bhattacharya, California Institute of Technology
 2014 – G. Ravichandran, California Institute of Technology
 2013 – Norman A. Fleck, Cambridge University
 2012 – Erik van der Giessen, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
 2011 – James G. Simmonds
 2010 – Nicolas Triantafyllidis
 2009 – Stelios Kyriakides
 2008 – Richard. D. James, University of Minnesota
 2007 – Chin-Teh Sun
 2006 – Pierre Suquet
 2005 – Raymond W. Ogden
 2004 – Zenon Mróz, Polish Academy of Sciences
 2003 – David R. J. Owen
 2002 – James K. Knowles, California Institute of Technology
 2001 – Wolfgang G. Knauss, California Institute of Technology
 2000 – Giulio Maier
 1999 – Charles R. Steele
 1998 – Viggo Tvergaard
 1997 – Warner T. Koiter

References
Information for nomination
Koiter Medal page at the ASME website

See also

 List of mechanical engineering awards
Applied Mechanics Division
American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Applied mechanics
Mechanician

Mechanical engineering awards
Velocity SE. The Velocity Model 173 SE (Standard Elite) is an entry-level canard pusher aircraft from Velocity Aircraft.
The four seat, rear engine aircraft may be powered by a  Lycoming IO-320 or a  Lycoming IO-360 engine.

Variants
Velocity SE-FG
Fixed landing gear version, 88 completed and flown by December 2011.
Velocity SE-RG
Retractable landing gear version, 180 completed and flown by December 2011.
 Rocket Racer 
 The  Mark-I X-Racer, a rocketplane design for the Rocket Racing League built on a Velocity SE airframe. It was built by XCOR Aerospace with an XCOR XR-4K14  thrust rocket engine fuelled by LOX and kerosene.  This rocket-powered aircraft flew several demonstration flights at the 2008 EAA AirVenture Oshkosh air show.

Specifications (SE-RG IO-360)

See also 
 Velocity XL
 Raptor Aircraft Raptor
 Rutan Long-EZ
 Rutan VariEze
 Rutan Defiant
 Berkut aircraft
 Cozy MK IV

References

External links 

 Velocity aircraft

1990s United States civil utility aircraft
Canard aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Mid-wing aircraft
Velocity XL. The Velocity XL (XL: Extra Large) is an American amateur-built aircraft, produced by Velocity, Inc. It is an enlarged version of their Velocity SE canard pusher design.

Design and development

The Velocity XL is  longer and has a  greater span than the SE. The standard XL has a cruising range of  and a 75% power cruising speed of  air speed.

The XL is available in both fixed gear (FG) and retractable gear (RG) form and can accommodate either three or four passengers plus a pilot.  The five seat versions, the XL-5 and the TXL-RG-5, have a rear bench seat for three rather than the alternative separate pair of seats.

Engines available as kits from the manufacturer for all models are the Lycoming IO-360 of , Lycoming IO-540 of , Continental IO-550 of  and the Franklin 6A350C1 of . Builders may use these manufacturer kits or design their own engine installations using a variety of other engines of similar power output.

Variants

Velocity XL-FG
Fixed landing gear version with a gross weight of . Forty had been completed and flown by December 2011.
Velocity XL-FG-5
Fixed landing gear version with a gross weight of . Twenty-one had been completed and flown by December 2011.
Velocity XL-RG
Retractable landing gear version, with a gross weight of . 150 had been completed and flown by December 2011.
Velocity TXL-RG-5
Retractable landing gear version, with  gross weight of . Eighteen had been completed and flown by December 2011.
Velocity V-Twin
Twin engine prototype, three built, powered by two Superior IO-320-A engines.

Rocket Racers

The now-defunct Rocket Racing League utilized a highly modified Velocity XL FG airframe and an Armadillo Aerospace 2,500 pound thrust liquid oxygen (LOX) and ethanol rocket engine in both its Mark-II X-Racer and Mark-III X-Racer demonstration vehicles.  The Mark-II utilized a standard fixed-gear Velocity XL airframe, modified for rocket propulsion. The Mark-III airframe was more extensively customized during manufacture, explicitly for rocket racing, with a canopy top, center seat and control stick and other enhancements, in addition to the rocket propulsion added to the Mark-II.

Specifications (XL-RG)

See also
Velocity SE
Freedom Aviation Phoenix
Rutan Long-EZ
Rutan VariEze
Rutan Defiant
Berkut aircraft
Cozy MK IV
Raptor Aircraft Raptor

References

External links

Building Ferrell Velocity N44VF

1990s United States civil utility aircraft
Canard aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Mid-wing aircraft
Association of European Science and Technology Transfer Professionals. The Association of European Science and Technology Transfer Professionals (ASTP: A World of Knowledge Transfer, formerly known as ASTP-Proton) is the European members association for knowledge and technology transfer professionals. 

Located in Leiden in the Netherlands, ASTP is the premier, pan-European association for professionals involved in knowledge transfer among universities and industry. By promoting and professionalising knowledge transfer practice, the association aims to enhance the impact of public research on society and the economy.

Members 
Central to the European knowledge transfer ecosystem, ASTP over 900 members from 45+ countries (May 2019).

History 
Created in 1999, through the initiative of a multinational group of technology transfer professionals, ASTP is a non-profit organisation based in Leiden, Netherlands.

Activities 
Through training courses and annual conferences, the group aims to professionalise and promote technology and knowledge transfer among universities, public research organisations, and industry.

External links
ASTP website
ASTP website

Higher education organisations based in Europe
Technology transfer
Avar (animation variable). An avar or animation variable (or hinge) is a variable controlling the position of part of an animated object, such as a character. The character "Woody" in the Disney•Pixar film Toy Story (1995) uses 712 avars (212 on his face alone). Successive sets of avars control all movement of the character from frame to frame. In development, they are used to define the junctions of a stick model. Later, they are incorporated into a full wire frame model or a model built of polygons. Finally, surfaces are added, requiring a lengthy process of rendering to produce the final scene.

There are several ways of generating the avar values. Motion capture uses a real person acting out the part, tracked by a video camera. Toy Story uses no motion capture, manual control by a skilled animator can produce effects not easily carried out by a human actor.

See also 
 Animation
 Animation database
 Computer generated imagery
 Computer animation
 Pixar

External links 
 Pixar and Disney's Toy Story

References 

Computer animation
College of Aeronautical Engineering. The College of Aeronautical Engineering (CAE) is an institution for education of Aeronautical Engineering in Pakistan  located at the National University of Sciences and Technology, Risalpur (Campus), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It is a constituent college of National University of Sciences and Technology, Pakistan (NUST).

History
The college was set up  in 1965 at  Korangi Creek, Karachi. In 1986, the college moved to its current location at Risalpur. It was previously attached with Karachi University and has been a part of NUST since 1994.

Academics
The college offers undergraduate programs in Aerospace and Avionics Engineering. It got ISO-9001 certification in 1999. The college has five academic departments – Aerospace Engineering, Avionics Engineering, Industrial Engineering, Humanities and Science and Professional Continuing Education.

References

External links
College of Aeronautical Engineering (CAE,NUST)/
National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST)

National University of Sciences & Technology
Engineering universities and colleges in Pakistan
Universities and colleges in Nowshera District
Universities and colleges established in 1965
1965 establishments in Pakistan
DUAL (cognitive architecture). DUAL is a general cognitive architecture integrating the connectionist and symbolic approaches at the micro level. DUAL is based on decentralized representation and emergent computation. It was inspired by the Society of Mind idea proposed by Marvin Minsky, but departs from the initial proposal in many ways. Computations in DUAL emerge from the interaction of many micro-agents, each of which is a hybrid symbolic/connectionist device. The agents exchange messages and activation via links that can be learned and modified, they form coalitions which collectively represent concepts, episodes, and facts. 

Several models have been developed on the basis of DUAL. These include: AMBR (a model of analogy-making and memory), JUDGEMAP (a model of judgment), PEAN (a model of perception), etc.

DUAL is developed by a team at the New Bulgarian University led by Boicho Kokinov. The second version was co-authored by Alexander Petrov. The third version is co-authored by Georgi Petkov and Ivan Vankov.

External links

Cognitive architecture
Emergence
Gerhard M. Sessler. Gerhard M. Sessler (born 15 February 1931 in Rosenfeld, Baden-Württemberg, Germany) is a German inventor and scientist. He is Professor emeritus at the Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology of the Technische Universität Darmstadt.

Together with James E. West, he invented the foil electret microphone at Bell Laboratories in 1962. Together with Dietmar Hohm, he invented the MEMS microphone, also known as the silicon microphone in 1983.

Life 

From 1950 to 1959, Sessler studied physics at Universities of Freiburg, Munich, and Göttingen. He received his diploma in 1957 and his Ph.D. from the University of Göttingen in 1959. After working in the United States at Bell Labs until 1975, he returned to the academia in Germany. From 1975 to 2000, he worked as a professor of electrical engineering at the Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology of the Technische Universität Darmstadt where he invented the silicon microphone. In 1999, Sessler was named Professor emeritus at the same university.

He holds over 100 international patents, among them 18 US-patents. The first one, US 3,118,022, with James E. West, was issued on 14 January 1964.

Sessler is the author/editor of several books on electrets and acoustics. In 2014, together with Ning Xiang, he co-edited a memorial book on Manfred R. Schroeder published by Springer. Furthermore, he is well known for his over 300 scientific papers in prestigious international magazines and journals.

Gerhard Sessler was married to Renate Sessler (now deceased) and has three children: Cornelia, Christine and Gunther.

Publications

Awards 
 Fellow of the Acoustical Society of America, 1964
Fellow of the IEEE, 1976
Fellow of the American Physical Society, 1991
George R. Stibitz Trophy of AT&T, 1993
 Helmholtz-medal of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Akustik, 1993
 Silver Helmholtz-Rayleigh-medal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1997
 Induction into the National Inventors Hall of Fame, 1999
 Technology Award of the Eduard Rhein Foundation, 2007
honorary doctorate from the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 2010
 Benjamin Franklin Medal in Electrical Engineering of The Franklin Institute, with James E. West, 2010
IEEE/RSE James Clerk Maxwell Medal, 2012
 Gold Medal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2015

References

External links
 
Inventor Hall of Fame Profile

1931 births
Living people
20th-century German inventors
Fellows of the IEEE
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Fellows of the Acoustical Society of America
ASA Gold Medal recipients
Academic staff of Technische Universität Darmstadt
Benjamin Franklin Medal (Franklin Institute) laureates
Takashi Hasegawa. Takashi Hasegawa is an electrical engineer and programmer, who works at the Optoelectronic System Laboratory of Hitachi Cable, Ltd.

Hasegawa graduated with a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Nagoya University. As a student, he created MLVWM, or Macintosh-Like Virtual Window Manager and released the code to the public back in 1998.

He was one of five developers who created the 10 Gigabit Ethernet Media Converter, in support of 10GEA's effort to standardize 10 Gigabit Ethernet.

External links
August 2003 Hitachi Cable Review article on 10 Gigabit Ethernet Media Converter
December 2000 LinuxPlanet MLVWM Review

Japanese electrical engineers
Living people
Nagoya University alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)