omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Cox-Klemin XS. The Cox-Klemin XS was a 1920s American experimental scout biplane, the first aircraft to be both launched and recovered from a submarine.

Development
Based on a design by the US Bureau of Aeronautics for a simple single-seat scout seaplane that could be disassembled and assembled quickly. Instead of building the aircraft itself the Bureau of Aeronautics contracted the Cox-Klemin Aircraft Corporation to build six aircraft designated XS-1. The aircraft were powered by a 60 hp Lawrance L-4 radial engine. One aircraft was re-engined in 1923 with a Kinner engine and re-designated XS-2.

Operational history
As part of a series of studies conducted by the United States Navy after World War I into the possibility of submarine borne observation and scouting aircraft, the submarine S-1 became the experimental platform for this project late in 1923.  The XS-1, XS-2 and the Martin MS-1 were used for the trials mounted in a cylindrical pod behind the conning tower. After surfacing the aircraft could be rolled out and assembled, it was then launched ballasting the sub until the deck was awash.  The first full cycle of surfacing, assembly, launching, retrieving, disassembly, and submergence took place on 28 July 1926, on the Thames River at New London using the XS-2.

After further trials during 1926 all the experimental aircraft were scrapped.

Variants
XS-1
Lawrance L-4 powered scout biplane, six built
XS-2
One XS-1 modified with a Kinner B-5 engine.
Martin MS-1
Six XS-1 standard aircraft built by Martin.

Operators

 United States Navy

Specifications (XS-2)

See also

References

Bibliography

External links

 Aeroweb

X01S
1920s United States military reconnaissance aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Floatplanes
Submarine-borne aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1922
European Skytime. European Skytime Ltd. was a privately owned company based in the United Kingdom specialising in executive jets and the supply of private chartered aircraft to high-net-worth individuals and organisations.

Launched on the first day of the new millennium they were the first company in Europe to offer 25 hours of guaranteed access to a fleet of private jets without having to enter the complicated world of fractional or full aircraft ownership.

In 2006, they partnered with The Carbon Neutral Company to fully offset the emissions generated by their Cheltenham-based head office as well as the additional service of offering their clients the chance to offset the emissions from their own private flying through European Skytime. Skytime were the first company in the world to offer this combination of services.

At the 2007 EBACE and Paris Air Shows, Skytime announced the purchase of a fleet of brand new Bombardier Learjets to be based in London and service clients across Europe.  In July 2008 Skytime took delivery of their first Learjet 40XR which will be operated by Manhattan Jet Charter and will be based at Farnborough Airport in Hampshire, UK.

Europe.

The company went into administration in 2012.

References

Defunct charter airlines of the United Kingdom
George M. Galambos. George Galambos  (born in Budapest) is a computer engineer. He is an IBM Fellow (2003), an IBM Distinguished Engineer and a member of the IBM Academy of Technology.

He graduated the Budapest Technical University (Budapest University of Technology and Economics) in 1972, with a Ph.D. in chemical engineering. Prior to which, he studied chemical engineering at the Leningrad Technology Institute (Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology).

He holds the office of CTO, Global Services (IGS) IBM Canada. Galambos was a designer on the team that built the Interac network connecting bank machines. Galambos advises companies on advanced systems design and strategic IT plans. His current interest includes system design patterns, with a focus on integration.

Galambos holds a patent for 'System and method for transforming an enterprise using a component business model' (Patent #20070174109, Class: 705010000 (USPTO)), A system and method are described for using a Component Business Model (CBM) to transform a business. A CBM map is used to identify components that collaborate to provide a specified capability, and a repository supporting the CBM map is filtered to provide a view of the identified components that highlights how they collaborate. The view is used to identify component features contributing to the specified capability. The specified capability is then enhanced by a transformation strategy that includes re-engineering particular components, identifying a pattern characterizing the collaboration between components and adding a component to perform the collaborative pattern, or adding another feature to the collaboration and adding component to perform the additional feature. The CBM repository provides exemplar best practices that can be adapted for use in a re-engineered component.

Publications
 Patterns for e-business: A Strategy for Reuse, co-authored with Jonathan Adams, Srinivas Koushik, Guru Vasudeva, IBM Press, , Published: 2001, new edition 2008
 "Services Ecosystem, Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Conference on Services Computing - Volume 01", IEEE Computer Society, Washington, Page: 20, , Published: 2005
 "IBM Systems Journal  Volume 44, Number 4, 2005, Impact of service orientation at the business level", IBM Press, ISSN 0018-8670, Published:2005

References

External links
 Interac architect sounds off on SOA

IBM Fellows
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology alumni
Arch-gravity dam. An arch-gravity dam or arched dam is a dam with the characteristics of both an arch dam and a gravity dam. It is a dam that curves upstream in a narrowing curve that directs most of the water pressure against the canyon rock walls, providing the force to compress the dam. It combines the strengths of two common dam forms and is considered a compromise between the two. They are made of conventional concrete, roller-compacted concrete (RCC), or masonry. A typical example of the conventional concrete dam is the Hoover Dam. Changuinola Dam is an example of the RCC arch-gravity dam. A gravity dam requires a large volume of internal fill. An arch-gravity dam can be thinner than the pure gravity dam and requires less internal fill.

Overview

 
Arch-gravity dams are dams that resist the thrust of water by their weight using the force of gravity and the arch action.
 
An arch-gravity dam incorporates the arch's curved design which is effective in supporting the water in narrow, rocky locations where the gorge's sides are of hard rock and the water is forced into a narrow channel. Therefore, the span needed for the dam is also relatively narrow, and the dam's curved design effectively holds the water back while using less construction material compared to a pure arch dam or gravity dam.
These dams are more reliable than arch dams. Typically, arch-gravity dams are built in canyon-like terrain, with the surrounding cliffs serving as supporting walls.
An arch-shaped bank-fill dam reduces the overall mass of the structure and the cost of construction compared to purely gravity dams. Arch dams and arch-gravity dams are most commonly used in hydraulic structures of more than 100 m in height.

See also
Masonry dam
Embankment dam

Footnotes

Further reading
 
 
 

 01
Dams by type
Arches and vaults
Concrete buildings and structures
Masonry dams
Direct mode. In computing, direct or immediate mode in an interactive programming system is the immediate execution of commands, statements, or expressions. In many interactive systems, most of these can both be included in programs or executed directly in a read–eval–print loop (REPL).

Most interactive systems also offer the possibility of defining programs in the REPL, either with explicit declarations, such as Python's def, or by labelling them with line numbers. Programs can then be run by calling a named or numbered procedure or by running a main program.

Many programming systems, from Lisp and JOSS to Python and Perl have interactive REPLs which also allow defining programs. Most integrated development environments offer a direct mode where, during debugging and while the program execution is suspended, commands can be executed directly in the current scope and the result is displayed.

Example 

Non-direct mode in Basic
Direct mode in Basic

References 

User interfaces
Computing terminology
Helen O'Loy. "Helen O'Loy" is a science fiction short story by American writer Lester del Rey (1915–1993), originally published in 1938 in Astounding Science Fiction.

It was subsequently published many times in various collections or anthologies. The latest publication was in 2021, in the anthology We, Robots.

Plot summary

Two young men, a mechanic, Dave, and a medical student, Phil, collaborate on modifying a household robot, originally meant only to cook and clean. They are more successful than they intended; despite the robot's household programming, it develops emotions. The robot, named "Helen O'Loy" (a play on Helen of Troy and "alloy"), falls in love with Dave. Dave initially avoids her and rejects her advances, but after some time he marries her and they live together on his farm.

Over the years Phil assists her in artificially aging her features to match the changes that occur in her human husband. When Dave inevitably dies, she sends a letter to Phil saying that she intends to drink a powerful acid which will destroy her internal metallic structure and will appear to be suicide by poisoning. She asks that Phil bury her remains with her husband. She begs him not to let anyone discover their secret. In the final line it is revealed that Phil, who has been narrating the story, had secretly been in love with her the whole time.

Reception
"Helen O'Loy" was among the stories selected in 1970 by the Science Fiction Writers of America as one of the best science fiction short stories published before the creation of the Nebula Awards. As such, it was published in The Science Fiction Hall of Fame Volume One, 1929–1964.

It was also a nominee for the 1939 Retro Hugo award for best short story.

The story is compiled in an anthology of science fiction stories, Assignment in Tomorrow (1954, reprinted 1972), edited by Frederik Pohl, as well as in many other anthologies.

References

External links
 
 "Helen O'Loy" at the Internet Archive

1938 short stories
Oloy, Helen
Short stories by Lester del Rey
Fiction about suicide
Works originally published in Analog Science Fiction and Fact
Philips :YES. The Philips :YES was a home computer/personal computer released by Philips Austria, in 1985. It was not fully IBM PC compatible, a reason given for its commercial failure. The system was only sold in limited quantities.

Technical specifications
 Microprocessor: Intel 80186 @ 8 MHz
 ROM: 192 KiB
 RAM: 128 to 640 KiB
 Keyboard: mechanical, with 93 keys
 Operating system: DOS Plus (in 64 KiB ROM), MS-DOS, Concurrent DOS
 Storage: two 3½-inch drives, 720 KiB each. One or two optional external 3½-inch or 5¼-inch drives.
 Video modes:
 A0: Text, 40 columns × 25 rows, 8 colours
 A1: Text, 80 columns × 25 rows, 8 colours
 A2: Text, 80 columns × 25 rows, 2 colours + intensity
 G0: 160 × 252 pixels, 16 colours 
 G1: 640 × 252 pixels, 2 colours + intensity
 G2: 320 × 252 pixels, 16 colours 
 G3: 640 × 252 pixels, 4 colours

The built-in graphics hardware (based on the Hitachi HD46505SP video controller) supported composite video output. An additional video module allowed output to TTL monochrome monitors, colour monitors or SCART televisions.

Video RAM was shared with system RAM. Before using graphics modes, memory had to be allocated for them with the GRAPHICS or GRCHAR commands.

An expansion card (the Professional Expansion Board) provided:
 Extra RAM.
 A SASI/SCSI hard-drive interface.
 A mouse interface.
 A battery-backed real-time clock.

An additional expansion card was available in limited quantity (probably only sold in the Netherlands directly to Philips employees) to make it 100% IBM PC compatible. This card was made of two separate cards, one for the actual compatibility, which ended in an 8 bit ISA slot, where an Hercules Graphics Card monochrome video card was plugged in. This also meant that using this card, would require to plug the monitor into the new video card, bypassing the onboard graphical card. This expansion card made it possible to run all DOS programs (including popular games at that time).

Operating system versions
Known operating systems adapted for the Philips :YES include:

 DOS Plus 1.? in ROM (with BDOS 4.1). The BDOS in ROM does not implement the S_OSVER call, which would have returned the version number to display.
 DOS Plus 1.1 on disk (with BDOS 4.1)
 DOS Plus 1.2 on disk (with BDOS 4.1)
 DOS Plus 2.1 on disk (with BDOS 5.0)

 Concurrent DOS

 MS-DOS 2.??
 MS-DOS 3.10

See also
Rodime (manufacturer of internal hard disk)
MSX-DOS

References

Personal computers
YES
Computer-related introductions in 1985
Elliotts of Newbury Eon. The Elliotts of Newbury EoN or Elliotts EoN A.P.4 was a 1940s British four-seat touring monoplane aircraft built by Elliotts of Newbury.

Development
Elliotts of Newbury were experienced wartime glider manufacturers but at the end of World War II decided to venture into the design and production of powered aircraft. The result was the EoN A.P.4 (more commonly called the Newbury Eon, a wooden four-seat monoplane with a fixed tricycle landing gear. The design had been carried out by Aviation and Engineering Products Ltd of Feltham, Middlesex. The prototype Eon 1 registered G-AKBC powered by a  Blackburn Cirrus Minor engine first flew at Welford, Berkshire, on 8 August 1947. The aircraft, which had been designed for a more powerful engine, proved to be underpowered with the Cirrus Minor and unable to carry four people. It received a Certificate of Airworthiness in September 1947. After initial testing was completed, the prototype was modified to reflect the planned production version. The main changes were a new engine, a de Havilland Gipsy Major of 145 hp (108 kW), and a lengthened nose-wheel leg. The modified aircraft was redesignated the Eon 2.

With a surplus of ex-military trainers and liaison aircraft flooding the post-war British civil aircraft market, and a shortage of modern engines, the company decided not enter production, with the part-built second prototype remaining incomplete. Elliots continued as a glider manufacturer. The sole completed Eon aircraft was used as a glider-tug to demonstrate the company's gliders. The aircraft met its end at Lympne airfield, Kent, on 14 April 1950, when, with a glider attached the pilot started the aircraft by swinging the propeller with the aircraft's wheels not secured by chocks. The engine started, and the craft moved forward; the pilotless aircraft and the glider were damaged as the aircraft passed through a boundary hedge. The glider pilot had also abandoned his cockpit when he realised what was happening.

Variants
Eon 1
Prototype with a 100 hp (75 kW) Blackburn Cirrus Minor piston engine.
Eon 2
Prototype re-engined with a 145 hp (108kW) de Havilland Gipsy Major engine.

Specifications (Eon 2)

References

Notes

Bibliography
 
  

 The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982–1985), 1985, Orbis Publishing

1940s British sport aircraft
Newbury EoN
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Glider tugs
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1947
Elias EM. 

The Elias EM was a 1920s American general-purpose and marine expeditionary biplane built by Elias.

Development
The company designed the Elias EM-1 to meet a United States Marine Corps requirement for a multirole marine expeditionary aircraft. It was required to operate on either floats or wheels. The EM-1 was a tandem two-seat unequal-span biplane powered by a 300 hp (224 kW) Wright-Hispano H engine. The prototype was modified with equal-span wings and delivered to the Marine Corps in 1922. Six production aircraft were built (designated EM-2) having equal-span wings, being powered by 400 hp (298 kW) Liberty 12 inline engines.   

One production aircraft was delivered to the United States Marine Corps and five to the United States Navy. One of the Navy aircraft was modified as an observation aircraft and redesignated EO-1.

Variants
EM-1
Prototype with a 300hp (224kW) Wright-Hispano H engine, one built.
EM-2
Production aircraft with a 400hp (298kW) Liberty 12 inline engine, six built including one later converted to an EO-1.
EO-1
One EM-2 aircraft converted as an observation aircraft.

Operators

United States Marine Corps
United States Navy

Specifications (EM-2)

See also

References

 John Andrade, U.S.Military Aircraft Designations and Serials since 1909, Midland Counties Publications, 1979,  (Page 171)
 The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982-1985), 1985, Orbis Publishing

Floatplanes
1920s United States attack aircraft
EM
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Funk F-23. The Funk F-23 was an agricultural aircraft produced in the United States during the 1960s. It was designed by Donald Funk using the fuselage frame of military surplus Fairchild PT-23 trainers as a starting point. The resulting aircraft was a low-wing cantilever monoplane with fixed, tailwheel undercarriage and all-metal construction. The main structural changes were in the wing, which had all-new outer panels. The space occupied by the forward cockpit of the PT-23 was used to accommodate a 200 U.S. gallon (757 litre) hopper for chemicals. Production continued until 1970, when manufacturing rights to the design were purchased by Cosmic Aircraft. The new owner, however, produced no further examples of the type.

Variants
 F-23 - prototype (1 built)
 F-23A - production version with Continental W670-M engine (11 built)
 F-23B - production version with Jacobs R-755 engine (3 built)

Specifications (F-23A)

References

 
 
 

1960s United States agricultural aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1962
Single-engined tractor aircraft
CANT 6. The CANT 6 was a flying boat designed for Italian military service in 1925. It was a large biplane of conventional design with three engines mounted in nacelles within the interplane gap. Only a single example was produced in its original military configuration, followed by two further aircraft redesigned as 11-seat passenger aircraft. One of these was retained by CANT, but the other entered airline service with Società Italiana Servizi Aerei.

Variants
 CANT 6 : Three-engine bomber aircraft. One built.
 CANT 6ter : 11-seat passenger transport aircraft. Two built.

Operators

 Società Italiana Servizi Aerei (S.I.S.A.)

Specifications (6ter)

See also

References

 
 aerei-italiani.net

cant 06
1920s Italian patrol aircraft
Flying boats
Trimotors
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1925
CANT 7. The CANT 7 was a flying boat and training aircraft that was produced in Italy in the 1920s. It was a conventional biplane design with single-bay, unstaggered wings of equal span, with the single engine mounted below the upper wing. The aircraft was designed to prepare pilots for flying boat airliners, and most of the examples produced were purchased by Società Italiana Servizi Aerei for this purpose.

Operators

 Società Italiana Servizi Aerei (S.I.S.A.)

Specifications

See also

References

 
 aerei-italiani.net

cant 07
1920s Italian civil trainer aircraft
Flying boats
Biplanes
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1924
Standard Tool & Manufacturing. Standard Tool & Manufacturing was a Swedish-American Tool and main supplier of electronics to the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) based in Kearny, New Jersey, United States.

Another company called Standard Tool & Mfg was founded in 1994.

History
The company was founded in 1910 by Swedish emigrant Johannes Strandberg. In the early history of Standard Tools the company consisted of a small machine shop that made metal parts, machine tools and metalworking equipment. In 1926 Mr Bernard "Bearny" J. Keating took over as chairman and the company expanded. On March 13, 1945, Standard Tool and Manufacturing company received the Army-Navy E, Award of Excellence for Achievement in Production. In 1955 Standard Tools was cited by the RCA for "many outstanding contributions to R.C.A. and the electronics industry over the past twenty-five years". Mr Keating was named the outstanding Roman Catholic layman of the year by St. John's University, Brooklyn and received its St. Vincent de Paul Medal.

Notes

Kearny, New Jersey
Companies based in Hudson County, New Jersey
CANT 10. The CANT 10 was a flying boat airliner produced in Italy in the 1920s. It was a conventional biplane design with single-bay, unstaggered wings of equal span, having seating for four passengers within the hull, while the pilot sat in an open cockpit. The engine was mounted in pusher configuration in the interplane gap.

Operational history
CANT 10 flying boats were used by Società Italiana Servizi Aerei for over a decade, linking destinations in the Adriatic Sea.Two CANT 10ters were used by a company called TAXI AEREI in Buenos Aires, operating flights from the River Plate. One of them was lost in an accident and the other one was bought by the Paraguayan government for the Naval Aviation in 1929; it was used as a transport during the Chaco War and was withdrawn from use in 1933.

Variants
 CANT 10 :
 CANT 10ter :

Operators
 
 Società Italiana Servizi Aerei (S.I.S.A.)
 
 TAXI AEREI
 
 Paraguayan Naval Aviation

Specifications

See also

References

 
 aerei-italiani.net
 Sapienza Fracchia, Antonio Luis: "La Contribución Italiana en la Aviación Paraguaya". Author's edition. Asunción, 2007. 300pp.

CANT 10
1920s Italian airliners
Flying boats
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1925