omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Stump grinder. A stump grinder is a machine designed to remove tree stumps by using a rotating cutting disc that chips away the wood. The machine typically features a cutter wheel with fixed carbide teeth. The cutter wheel's movements are controlled by hydraulic cylinders, which allow it to move laterally and vertically to grind through the stump.

Stump grinding is commonly performed by professional arborists or landscapers. However, stump grinders can also be rented from equipment hire companies for personal use. Given the machine’s power and potential hazards, proper operation is crucial to ensure both efficiency and safety.

Professionals hired to perform stump grinding often coordinate with utility companies to identify and mark underground utilities that may be affected during the grinding process. Depending on the size and number of stumps, the task can be completed relatively quickly by experienced operators.

Vertical stump grinder
A stump grinder or stump cutter is a power tool or equipment attachment that removes tree stumps by means of a rotating cutting disc that chips away the wood.

Machines are available in various models and versions, to cover a power range from 70 to 300 Hp.

There are also types of stump grinders that are applied to tractors, excavators, skid steers and other earth moving and construction equipment. These machines can completely remove the roots of the trees or recover the central part of the roots. 

Vertical stump grinders are usually used in forests, for plant biomass, for the forestry sector, and for the maintenance of green areas, etc. They can destroy an entire root of  in diameter to more than one meter deep in 30 seconds. Studies have shown that the normal stump grinder (with disc and teeth) can eliminate most of the first  of stumps. Vertical stump grinder can completely destroy tree stumps of up to  in diameter permanently.

They are made up of a sturdy gear box from which a transmission shaft emerges to which the cutting edges are connected.
Vertical grinders can remove the stump to a depth in the subsoil greater than one meter, while with normal horizontal grinders the stump is mostly shortened in the subsoil by 20 or 25 centimeters.

References

Logging
Grinding machines
Forestry equipment
Polygonal masonry. Polygonal masonry is a technique of stone wall construction.  True polygonal masonry is a technique wherein the visible surfaces of the stones are dressed with straight sides or joints, giving the block the appearance of a polygon.

This technique is found throughout the world and sometimes corresponds to the less technical category of Cyclopean masonry.

Places

Albania
Lezhe
Chaonia
And others

Crimea
Chufut-Kale
Mangup
Vorontsov Palace

Easter Island

Ahu Vinapu

Ecuador
Ingapirca

Finland

Bomarsund Fortress
Suomenlinna

Georgia
Anakopia Fortress
Ateni Sioni Church
Bagrati Cathedral
Gudarekhi
Gelati Monastery

Greece

Delphi
Keramikos
Nekromanteion

Hungary
Komárom
Fort Monostor

India
Vellore Fort
Great Wall of India
Murud Janjira

Indonesia
Nias
Toraja

Iran
Si-o-se-pol

Italy

In Italy, polygonal masonry is particularly indicative of the region of Latium, but it occurs also in Etruria, Lucania, Samnium, and Umbria; scholars including Giuseppe Lugli have carried out studies of the technique.  Some notable sites that have fortification walls built in this technique include Norba, Signia, Alatri, Boiano, Circeo, Cosa, Alba Fucens, Palestrina, and Terracina. The Porta Rosa of the ancient city of Velia employs a variant of the technique known as Lesbian masonry.

Santa Severa
Rialto Bridge

Japan

Akō Castle
Fushimi Castle
Goryōkaku
Nakagusuku Castle
Nijō Castle
Odawara Castle
Oka Castle
Osaka Castle
Shibata Castle
Shuri Castle
Uwajima Castle

Latvia

Daugavpils

Malta
Corradino Lines
Ħaġar Qim
Megalithic Temples of Malta

Mexico
Teotihuacan

Montenegro

Fort Gorazda
Fort Trašte
Lovćen

Morocco
Lixus

Peru

Chinchero
Chullpa Towers
Coricancha
Inti Watana, Ayacucho

Ollantaytambo
Raqch'i
Saksaywaman
Tambomachay
Tarawasi
Usnu
Vilcabamba
Vilcashuamán
Wanuku Pampa
Twelve-angled_stone

Philippines
Fort Pilar
Fort San Pedro

Portugal
Quinta da Regaleira

Romania

Curtea de Argeș Cathedral
Iulia Hasdeu Castle
Orăștioara de Sus
Sarmisegetusa

Russia

Fort Alexander
Königsberg Castle

Spain
Castell d'Olèrdola
Les Ferreres Aqueduct

Sudan
Meroë

Sweden
Älvsborg fortress
Vaberget Fortress

Syria 

Arwad
Hosn Suleiman Baitokaike
Bara
Barad
Barjaka
Basufan
 Bauda

Benastur Monastery
Church of Saint Simeon Stylites
Churches of Sheikh Suleiman village
Cyrrhus
Dana
Deir Qeita
Jarada
Kharab Shams Basilica
Mount Simeon
Mushabbak Basilica
Refade
Serjilla

Qalb Loze
Qatura

Thailand
Phi Mai
Phanom Rung

Turkey

Enderun School
Efes
Hagia Sophia
Hattusa
Lyrbe
Selimiye Barracks

United Arab Emirates
Hili Archaeological Park

United Kingdom
Gloucester Cathedral
Maes Howe
Stanton Moor

United States

The Alamo
Harsimus Stem Embankment
Hearst Castle
Yale

References

 P. Gros. 1996. L'architecture romaine: du début du IIIe siècle av. J.-C. à la fin du Haut-Empire. 2 v. Paris: Picard.

 
Masonry
ABB Motors and Mechanical. As the US Motors and Generators Business Unit of ABB, ABB Motors and Mechanical Inc. markets, designs, manufactures, and provides service for industrial electric motors, generators and mechanical power transmission products. This business was formerly known as Baldor Electric Company until its company name was merged into ABB on March 1, 2018.

The US business unit, headquartered in Fort Smith, Arkansas, oversees 15 manufacturing locations in 8 states.

The company sells Baldor-Reliance and ABB branded industrial electric motors.  Products are available in both IEC and NEMA configurations and range from fractional to 100,000 horsepower.

The company also sells the Dodge brand of mechanical power transmission products, including mounted bearings, enclosed gearing, couplings, sheaves, and bushings.

History 

Baldor Electric was founded in 1920 by Edwin Ballman and Emil Doerr. The name of the company was derived using part of each of their names. In 1967 the Company's headquarters were moved from St. Louis, Missouri to Fort Smith, Arkansas.

In 2007, Baldor Electric acquired the Dodge and Reliance Electric brands from Rockwell Automation for $1.8 billion. This more than doubled the size of the company, taking it from $800 million in annual revenue to $1.8 billion.

In 2011, Baldor was acquired by ABB Ltd of Switzerland in an all-cash deal of US$4.2 billion ($1.1 billion debt included).  The company continued to operate as Baldor Electric Company A Member of the ABB Group.

On March 1, 2018, Baldor Electric Company's name was dissolved into the ABB brand, becoming ABB across all of its locations.

Products

Industrial electric motors 
 ABB and Baldor-Reliance brands
 DC
 AC Induction
 Grinders / Buffers
 DC Servo
 AC Servo
 Variable speed
 Industry specific solutions

Dodge bearings 
 Mounted bearings
 Tapered roller bearings
 Spherical roller bearings
 Sleeve bearings
 Sleeveoil hydrodynamic bearings
 Take up frames

Dodge gear reducers 
 Shaft mount helical
 Helical screw conveyor
 Right angle worm
 Helical inline
 Planetary
 Energy efficient gear motor / reducer

Dodge power transmission components 
 Couplings
 Clutches
 Brakes
 Bushings
 Hubs
 Sheaves
 Pulleys

References

External links 
 Baldor Electric Website
 US ABB Website

Manufacturing companies of the United States
Manufacturing companies established in 1920
Manufacturing companies based in Arkansas
1920 establishments in Missouri
American companies established in 1920

it:Personaggi del Ciclo dell'Eredità#Baldor
pl:Lista Rohirrimów#Baldor
Cyclododecatriene. Cyclododecatrienes are cyclic trienes with the formula C12H18. Four isomers are known for 1,5,9-cyclododecatriene.  The trans,trans,cis-isomer is a precursor in the production of nylon-12.

Production
The trans,trans,cis-isomer is obtained by cyclotrimerization of butadiene catalyzed by a mixture of titanium tetrachloride and an organoaluminium co-catalyst.  Production capacity in 1995 was 8000 tons.

As aforementioned, titanium catalysts predominantly produce the important cis,trans,trans- isomer. The all-trans isomer is, however, the product from nickel- and chromium-catalyzed trimerization reactions. The yield of cyclododecatriene through these methods is often greater than 80%. The principal side products are the dimers and oligomers of butadiene.

Properties
All of the isomers of 1,5,9-cyclododecatriene are colorless, possess typical terpene-like odors, and have low melting points. The all-trans isomer melts at 34 °C while the other three isomers melt below room temperature. All of the isomers behave like typical olefins. The all-trans and cis,trans,trans isomers in particular tend to form complexes with transition metals. They also undergo transannular reactions and isomerization.

Application
Cyclododecatriene is the raw material for the production of dodecanedioic acid (4) through hydrogenation to cyclododecane (2) followed by air oxidation in the presence of boric acid at elevated temperatures to a mixture of the alcohol (3a) and the ketone (3b). In the final step this mixture oxidized further by nitric acid: 

The alcohol (3a) and the ketone (3b) can be purified from the alcohol/ketone mixture under different reaction conditions.  Pure cyclododecanol (3a) can be produced from the hydrogenation of the mixture in the presence of a copper-chromium catalyst at 30 MPa and 160 ˚C. Pure cyclododecanone (3b) can be produced through the dehydrogenation of the mixture over copper or copper-chromium catalysts on an active support at a temperature range of 230–245 ˚C and atmospheric pressure. Pure cyclododecanone can then be converted into cyclododecanone oxime, which yields laurolactam after Beckmann rearrangement. Laurolactam is the precursor to several plastics, such as polyamide 12, which is also known as nylon 12.

2012  Evonik fire 
In March 2012, a fire at the Marl Chemical Park operated by Evonik Industries in Marl, Germany, stopped production for an expected duration of several months. The plant produced a substantial proportion of the world's production of CDT, particularly that needed to produce laurolactam, a precursor to the polyamide PA12. This in turn led to concerns for global production of finished goods, particularly in the automotive industry.  Other biobased polyamides, not dependent on laurolactam or CDT, have been put forward as alternative materials.

References

Cycloalkenes
Twelve-membered rings
Test bench. A test bench or testing workbench is an environment used to verify the correctness or soundness of a design or model.

The term has its roots in the testing of electronic devices, where an engineer would sit at a lab bench with tools for measurement and manipulation, such as oscilloscopes, multimeters, soldering irons, wire cutters, and so on, and manually verify the correctness of the device under test (DUT).

In the context of software or firmware or hardware engineering, a test bench is an environment in which the product under development is tested with the aid of software and hardware tools. The software may need to be modified slightly in some cases to work with the test bench but careful coding can ensure that the changes can be undone easily and without introducing bugs.

The term "test bench" is used in digital design with a hardware description language to describe the test code, which instantiates the DUT and runs the test.

An additional meaning for "test bench" is an isolated, controlled environment, very similar to the production environment but neither hidden nor visible to the general public, customers etc. Therefore making changes is safe, because final users are not involved.

See also 
 Sandbox (computer security)
 Test harness

References

Electronic test equipment
Bench
Les Earnest. Lester Donald Earnest (December 17, 1930 – August 27, 2024) was an American computer scientist.

Life and career 
After receiving his B.S. in electrical engineering from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) in 1953, he began his career as a computer programmer in 1954 during a stint as a U.S. Navy Aviation Electronics Officer & Digital Computer Project Officer at the Naval Air Development Center (NADC) in Johnsville, Pennsylvania. In 1956, he joined the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)'s Lincoln Laboratory to help design the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) air defense system.

In 1959, the focus of his career shifted to innovations within the field of word processing. During this time, he was responsible for developing the "first pen-based computer system that reliably recognized cursive writing" and the first spell checker. From 1959 to 1965, he was a subdepartment head at the MITRE Corporation in Bedford, Massachusetts and Arlington, Virginia. While at MITRE, he received an M.S. in electrical engineering from MIT in 1960.

In 1965, Earnest became a lecturer in computer science at Stanford University and the chief administrative officer of the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (SAIL). Under founding director John McCarthy, he became involved with the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPAnet) startup committee. This association would lead him to the one innovation he has received the most acclaim for: the invention of the Finger protocol () in the early 1970s. In the late 1960s, Earnest continued to diversify the types of technologies he involved himself with. He made significant contributions in the fields of robotics through the creation of systems that coupled computer vision with prosthetic and vehicular applications.

Following SAIL's merger with the University's computer science department in 1980, Earnest left Stanford to serve as the founding president and director of Imagen Corp. in Santa Clara, California. He returned to Stanford's computer science department in 1985 as a lecturer and associate department chair before retiring as senior research computer scientist emeritus in 1988.

Accomplishments in computing aside, Earnest was also a long-time bicycle enthusiast. He has served as director and/or officer in several prominent cycling associations including the U.S. Cycling Federation, the U.S. Bicycling Hall of Fame, and the Federation of Independent Associations for Cycling.

Earnest died on August 27, 2024, at the age of 93.

References

External links 
 Les Earnest's Homepage at Stanford
 What Not To Write On Your Security Clearance Form
 RFC 742 - Name/Finger protocol
 Cold War Radar System a Trillion Dollar Fraud – Lester Ernest on RAI (1/4)

1930 births
2024 deaths
American computer scientists
Stanford University staff
California Institute of Technology alumni
People from San Diego
Khaled S. Al-Sultan. Khaled S. Al-Sultan (born 1 January 1963 in Al Qasim, Saudi Arabia) was the fourth  rector of King Fahd University for Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM) a public university in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia and the first to have graduated from the institution to hold this position.  Al-Sultan is married and has two children.

Education
 Ph.D. in Industrial and Operations Engineering (Operation Research), The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, U.S.A., 1990.
 M.S. in Mathematics (Applied Mathematics), The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, U.S.A., 1990. 
 M.S. in Systems Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, January 1987. 
 B.S. (with Highest Honor) in Systems Engineering, KFUPM, January 1985

References

External links
 Khaled S. Al-Sultan on King Fahd University for Petroleum and Minerals 

1963 births
Living people
University of Michigan College of Engineering alumni
Academic staff of King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals alumni
Heads of universities and colleges in Saudi Arabia
Toyo Engineering Corporation. is a Japanese engineering, procurement and construction company serving mainly the hydrocarbons (oil and natural gas) and petrochemical sectors worldwide.

It was established in 1961. Its various business include R&D collaboration, design, engineering, equipment procurement, construction, test operations and technical guidance in such areas as general chemicals, petrochemicals, oil refinement, natural gas, electric power, nuclear power, advanced production systems, distribution, medical facilities, biotechnology, environment at each manufacturing plant, procurement, development and sales of systems engineering and other software.

Most of its revenue comes from outside Japan; it has a particular presence in China, India, Indonesia, Iran and Russia. In the fiscal year ending March 31, 2008, it had sales of 215 billion yen, a net income of 4.45 billion yen, and about a thousand employees.

The Toyo Group, or Global Toyo, consists of Toyo together with 27 subsidiaries and 11 affiliates, with a total of 5500 employees; the central portion comprises about 3300 employees.

History 

 May 1961 (Showa 36): Toyo Engineering was established through the separation and independence of the engineering division of Toyo High-Pressure Industry (now Mitsui Chemicals). The company was founded with investments from Taisei Corporation, Mitsui & Co., Ltd., and Toyo High-Pressure Industry.
 1962 (Showa 37): Entered into a business collaboration with the American company, Lumus.
 1965 (Showa 40): Received its first order for an ethylene plant.
 November 1980 (Showa 55): Listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE) Second Section.
 September 1982 (Showa 57): Upgraded to the First Section of the Tokyo Stock Exchange.
 1987 (Showa 62): Established Technofrontier Corporation, which later became Tech Project Services Corporation.
 April 1999 (Heisei 11): The system integration business was spun off to form Toyo Business Engineering Corporation.
 May 2006 (Heisei 18): Mitsui & Co., Ltd. became the largest shareholder through a third-party allotment of shares.
 July 2012 (Heisei 24): On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of its founding in the previous year, the company refreshed its symbol mark.

References

Engineering companies of Japan
Mitsui
1961 establishments in Japan
Companies listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange
Companies based in Chiba Prefecture
Construction and civil engineering companies based in Tokyo
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1961
Japanese companies established in 1961
Granite Construction. Granite Construction Inc. is a civil construction company and aggregate producer, a member of the S&P 600 Index based and founded in Watsonville, California, and is the parent corporation of Granite Construction Company.  The company is both a heavy civil construction contractor and construction aggregate manufacturer, owning or leasing quarries in several Western states for extracting mostly sands, gravel, and crushed stone products.  The company was under investigation from the SEC from 2019 to 2021 for misrepresenting revenue, and as a result paid fines to settle disputes with shareholders, and avoided delisting from the NYSE.

Incorporated in 1922 and publicly traded since 1990, Granite Construction Company is composed of a construction materials division, and three construction operating divisions (California Group, Mountain Group and Central Group).  Under each group are numerous regional offices, quarries, asphalt and concrete plants.  Granite's California Group comprises five regions, based on geographically limited areas within the state.  Granite's Central Group comprises six regions, representing states and specific markets outside of California: Arizona, Texas, Florida, Illinois, and Federal Division based in Colorado. Granite's Mountain Group comprises five regions, representing states and specific markets in Alaska, Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Nevada, Utah and the Water/Mineral Division.

Granite Construction works in both public and private sector transportation infrastructure projects that include: roads and highways, bridges, dams, water reservoirs, railroads, seaports, and airports. The materials division produces construction materials such as sand, gravel, ready-mix and asphalt concrete.

As of 2022, Granite was ranked 28th on ENR's Top 400 Contractors (by overall revenue), dropping from 25th in 2021.

References

External links
 Official Granite Construction website
 Company information – NYSE.

Construction and civil engineering companies of the United States
Companies based in Santa Cruz County, California
Watsonville, California
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1922
1922 establishments in California
Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange
Buildbot. Buildbot is a software development continuous integration tool which automates the compile or test cycle required to validate changes to the project code base. It began as a light-weight alternative to the Mozilla project's Tinderbox, and is now used by Python, WebKit, LLVM, Blender, ReactOS, and many other projects.

Implementation 
Buildbot is written in Python on top of the Twisted libraries.

SCM support 
, in version 2.10.1, Buildbot supports SCM integration with CVS, Subversion, Darcs, Mercurial, Bazaar, Git, Monotone, Repo/Gerrit, Perforce, and BitKeeper.

See also 

 Build automation
 Comparison of continuous integration software

References

External links
 

Compiling tools
Continuous integration
Free software programmed in Python
Build automation
Jog dial. A jog dial, jog wheel, shuttle dial, or shuttle wheel is a type of knob, ring, wheel, or dial which allows the user to shuttle or jog through audio or video media.  It is commonly found on models of CD players which are made for disc jockeys, and on professional video equipment such as video tape recorders.  More recently, they are found on handheld PDAs, and as the scroll wheel on computer mice.  "Jog" refers to going at a very slow speed, whereas "shuttle" refers to a very fast speed.

There are two basic types of wheels.  One type has no stops and can be spun the entire way around, because it is a rotary incremental encoder.  This type depends on tracking the actual motion of the dial: the faster it spins forward or back, the faster it fast-forwards or rewinds.  Once the dial stops moving, the media continues playing or remains paused at that point.   Another type has stops on either side, and often has three or so speeds which depend on how far it is turned.  Once the wheel is released, it springs back to the middle position and the media pauses or begins playing again.

If the device is set or designed to pause after the wheel is used, the audio is often stuttered, repeating a small section over and over again.  This is usually done on DJ CD players, for the purpose of beatmatching, and is equivalent to an earlier turntablist DJ moving a phonograph record back and forth slightly to find the physical location of a starting beat within the groove.  On the video, the pause is a freeze frame of the current video frame.

Sony Corporation holds a patent for a 5-way version of the jog dial. A 5-way jog dial allows up and down scrolling, right and left deflections, and a press-to-click action. Such jog dial was a feature of the Sony CLIÉ PDA series and Sony Ericsson P800, P900 and P910 smartphones. A 5-way jog dial has not been used by Sony or its subsidiaries since 2006.

See also
iPod click wheel
Dial box

References

External links

Audio engineering
Television technology
Computing input devices
Input/output
Utopian (automobile). The Utopian was an English automobile created in 1914. Built by the Utopian Motor Works of Leicester, the car was powered by a two-cylinder water-cooled engine mounted under its seat. There was a side tiller to assist in steering. Only one car is believed to have been made, for a local clergyman; the company did, however, manufacture bicycles with some success.

External links
 Utopian at 3wheelers

Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of England
Defunct cycle manufacturers of the United Kingdom
Cars of England
Manufacturing companies based in Leicester
Cars introduced in 1914