omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
DSN. DSN may refer to:

Technology

Computing & Internet
 Data set (IBM mainframe) Name, the name of a computer file having a record organization
 Data source name, a data structure used to describe a connection to a data source
 Delivery Status Notification message, an automated electronic mail message about a delivery problem
 Distributed social network, a social network that is decentralised and distributed across multiple providers
 International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks
 .DSN (design file), industry-standard import file format of Specctra-compatible autorouters

Military and Intelligence
 Defense Switched Network, a communications network operated by the United States Department of Defense
 DSN DASH, the U.S. Navy's Drone Anti-Submarine Helicopter.
 DSN Satellite Network, a Japanese military X band satellite communications network operated by DSN Corporation
 Direktion für Staatsschutz und Nachrichtendienst (Directorate for National Security and Intelligence), an Austrian intelligence agency

Space
 Deep Space Network, a communication network

Media and Entertainment
 Direct Sports Network, a sports centered digital media company, based in Irvine, California

Others
 Dansk Sprognævn, the Danish Language Council
 Deutsche Schulen Nigeria, a school system which includes the Deutsche Schule Abuja
 IATA code for Ordos Ejin Horo Airport, China
Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, a science fiction television program
 Doctor of Science in Nursing
Revopak. The Revopak is a type of waste collection vehicle manufactured by the British company Shelvoke and Drewry.

Introduced in 1971, the Revopak was a British-built clone of the French Bennes-Ray "Superpac". It was one of the first vehicles to address the problem of compacting and destroying the high content of packaging materials now found in domestic refuse.  

By using a huge, hydraulic-powered rotating rake with large steel tines, refuse was scooped up from the loading hopper and forced through a set of stationary tines.  The rotation of the rake increases the density of the load by continuously lifting the waste, mutilating it through the stationary tines, and then dropping it and repeating the cycle until it is small enough to be forced into the main body, where it is compacted, thus reducing the space required to dump it at the landfill site. 

Two generations of the Revopak were produced - the early 1971-1973 models used hydraulic motors which drove the compaction rake by means of chains, while the later models used a simpler and more robust drive system which consisted of twin synchronised hydraulic rams to operate the compaction system.  Many variations were made of the basic design, including a multitude of different body lengths and payloads, plus SD developed bin lifters as an optional extra - a precursor to the modern wheeled bin collection systems of today.  One disadvantage of the system was heavier fuel consumption, since the compaction system has to run continuously in order to be effective.

The Revopak was in continuous production until 1990, when SD went out of business, although the French built unit is still manufactured by SEMAT.

Waste collection vehicles
Hyundai Engineering & Construction. Hyundai Engineering and Construction Co., Ltd. (HDEC; ) is a major construction company in South Korea.  The company was founded by Chung Ju-yung in 1947 as the Hyundai Civil Works Company and was a major component of the Hyundai Group. Hyundai Construction and Hyundai Engineering merged in 1999.

Hyundai Construction played a major role in the importation of Korean laborers to the Middle East to work on construction projects in the 1970s and 1980s.  In the decade following 1975, Hyundai signed their first contract in the region for construction of a shipyard for the Iranian Navy near Bandar-e Abbas.  800,000 Koreans went to work in Saudi Arabia and another 25,000 went to Iran; Hyundai was their largest employer.

Under creditors' management with Korea Exchange Bank as the largest creditor, Hyundai Group was split into several entities from 2001 to 2006. As of March 2007, HDEC is the main shareholder of Hyundai Merchant Marine, which is the de facto holding company of Hyundai Group.  Hyundai Group and Hyundai Motor Group (another spin-off from Hyundai Group) are both vying to purchase HDEC.

In 2011, Hyundai Motor Group became the new owner of Hyundai Engineering & Construction. This was determined by Korean banks' decision after the company won a bidding war against the Korean Merchant Marine.

Key landmark construction sites
 Godeok-Topyeong Bridge
Pattani-Narathiwat Highway, Thailand
Bangabandhu Bridge, Bangladesh
Kyeong-bu (Seoul-Busan) expressway
North Han river, Soyanggang Dam, multipurpose Dam
Seoul Gangnam apartment introduction in Korea during 1970
Hyundai Ulsan shipyard
Hyundai Motor Ulsan complex
Ulsan Industrial complex
Posco Giant Pohang and Gwangyang (South-west of Korean peninsula) com
Jabel Ali Industrial harbour construction
Suntec City tower project, Singapore
Ulsan Grand Bridge
Geogeum Grand Bridge
Masan Changwon Grand Bridge
Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah Causeway, Kuwait
 Lusial Expressway, Qatar
Construction of Al Bustan Street South Project -Sabah Al ahmad Corridor, Qatar
North-South Commuter Railway (Sucat-Calamba), Philippines

Notable people
The former president of South Korea, Lee Myung-bak, was a former CEO of Hyundai Engineering and Construction.

See also

 Suwon Hyundai Engineering & Construction
 Economy of South Korea
 CentGas consortium
 List of companies of South Korea

References

External links
 
 Hyundai Engineering & Construction  FB Page

Construction and civil engineering companies of South Korea
Companies based in Seoul
Companies listed on the Korea Exchange
Companies in the KOSPI 200
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1947
Hyundai Motor Group
South Korean companies established in 1947
KSA (disambiguation). KSA is the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

KSA or Ksa may also refer to: Riyadh

Arts and media 
 KSA-TV, Alaska, US
 Kirby Star Allies, a 2018 video game

Aviation 
 Kosrae International Airport (IATA airport code), Federated States of Micronesia
 Kingsford-Smith Airport or Sydney Airport, Australia

Computing 
 Key-scheduling algorithm, in cryptography
 Kogge–Stone adder

Organisations 
 Kenya Scouts Association
 Kommando Strategische Aufklärung (Strategic Reconnaissance Command), a German intelligence organization
 Korea Scout Association
 Korean Standards Association
 Kosher Supervision of America

Schools 
 Korea Science Academy, Busan, South Korea
 Ohio State University Knowlton School of Architecture, housed in Knowlton Hall

Other uses 
 Ksa (spirit), a Native American Lakota and Oglala spirit of wisdom
 King's South Africa Medal, a medal for service in the Boer War
 Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities, on US government job applications
 KSA, a kölsch-style ale by Fort Point Beer Company
Cooperative distributed problem solving. In computing cooperative distributed problem solving is a network of semi-autonomous processing nodes working together to solve a problem, typically in a multi-agent system. That is concerned with the investigation of problem subdivision, sub-problem distribution, results synthesis, optimisation of problem solver coherence and co-ordination. It is closely related to distributed constraint programming and distributed constraint optimization; see the links below.

Aspects of CDPS
 Neither global control or global data storage – no individual CDPS problem solver (agent) has sufficient information to solve the entire problem.
 Control and data are distributed
 Communication is slower than computation, therefore:
 Loose coupling between problem solvers
 Efficient protocols (not too much communication overhead)
 problems should be modular, coarse grained
 Any unique node is a potential bottleneck
 Organised behaviour is hard to guarantee since no one node has the complete picture

See also
 Multiscale decision making
 Distributed constraint optimization
 Distributed artificial intelligence
 Multi-agent planning

Some relevant books
  A chapter in an edited book.
 
  See Chapters 1 and 2; downloadable free online.
 

Applications of distributed computing
Problem solving
Interaction protocol. Within the fields of computer science and robotics, interaction protocols are possible communication scenarios between individual agents in multi-agent systems. Some protocols are described quite qualitatively (for example, many parts of the traffic code), but others have a formal model, whose implementations can be tested for conformance (for example, some cryptographic protocols).

FIPA defines markup for interaction protocol diagrams and several standard interaction protocols, including Dutch auction, English auction and reply-response.

See also
Multi-agent planning

References

 
Data interchange standards
Markup languages
ETO. ETO may refer to:

Science and technology
 Emitter turn off thyristor, a semiconductor device
 Ethylene oxide, an organic compound
 RUNX1T1, a gene
 Efforts to Outcomes, software produced by Social Solutions

Sports
 ETO-SZESE Győr FKC, a Hungarian handball club 
 Győri Audi ETO KC, a Hungarian women's handball club
 ETO Park, a multi-use stadium in Győr, Hungary
 Stadion ETO, the predecessor of ETO Park

Other
 Electro-technical officer, on a merchant ship
 Engineer to order, in supply chain management
 English Touring Opera, an opera company in the United Kingdom
 Eton language, a Bantu language
 European Theatre of Operations, the European theatre of World War II
 European Theater of Operations, United States Army, an American theater of operations in World War II
 Earth-Trisolaris Organization, an organization in the novel The Three-Body Problem

See also

 Eto, a Japanese name
Alain Glavieux. Alain Glavieux (; 4 July 1949, Paris – 25 September 2004) was a French professor in electrical engineering at École Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications de Bretagne. He was the coinventor with Claude Berrou and Punya Thitimajshima of a groundbreaking coding scheme called turbo codes.

Glavieux received the Golden Jubilee Award for Technological Innovation from the IEEE Information Theory Society together with Berrou and Thitimajshima in 1998, the IEEE Richard W. Hamming Medal together with Berrou in 2003, and the French Academy of Sciences Grand Prix France Telecom award in 2003.

He died on 25 September 2004 at the age of 55 from illness.

References

2004 deaths
French electrical engineers
Télécom Paris alumni
French information theorists
1949 births
French telecommunications engineers
Electrical engineering academics
Utility fog. Utility fog (also referred to as foglets) is a hypothetical collection of tiny nanobots that can replicate a physical structure. As such, it is a form of self-reconfiguring modular robotics.

Conception
The term was coined by John Storrs Hall in 1989. Hall thought of it as a nanotechnological replacement for car seatbelts. The robots would be microscopic, with extending arms reaching in several different directions, and could perform three-dimensional lattice reconfiguration. Grabbers at the ends of the arms would allow the robots (or foglets) to mechanically link to one another and share both information and energy, enabling them to act as a continuous substance with mechanical and optical properties that could be varied over a wide range. Each foglet would have substantial computing power, and would be able to communicate with its neighbors.

In the original application as a replacement for seatbelts, the swarm of robots would be widely spread out, and the arms loose, allowing air flow between them. In the event of a collision the arms would lock into their current position, as if the air around the passengers had abruptly frozen solid. The result would be to spread any impact over the entire surface of the passenger's body.

While the foglets would be micro-scale, construction of the foglets would require full molecular nanotechnology. Hall suggests that each bot may be in the shape of a dodecahedron with twelve arms extending outwards. Each arm would have four degrees of freedom. The foglets' bodies would be made of aluminum oxide rather than combustible diamond to avoid creating a fuel air explosive.

Hall and his correspondents soon realized that utility fog could be manufactured en masse to occupy the entire atmosphere of a planet and replace any physical instrumentality necessary to human life. By foglets exerting concerted force, an object or human could be carried from location to location. Virtual buildings could be constructed and dismantled within moments, enabling the replacement of existing cities and roads with farms and gardens. While molecular nanotech might also replace the need for biological bodies, utility fog would remain a useful peripheral with which to perform physical engineering and maintenance tasks. Thus, utility fog also came to be known as "the machine of the future".

See also
Grey goo
Molecular machines
Nanorobotics
Nanotechnology
Programmable matter
Self-reconfiguring modular robotics
Smartdust
Neural dust
Synthetic biology
The Invincible, a 1964 science fiction novel with intrigue centered on nanobotic swarms

References

External links 
 Utility Fog at Nanotech Now, many links.

Nanotechnology
Hypothetical technology
Axiomatic semantics. Axiomatic semantics is an approach based on mathematical logic for proving the correctness of computer programs. It is closely related to Hoare logic.

Axiomatic semantics define the meaning of a command in a program by describing its effect on assertions about the program state. The assertions are logical statements—predicates with variables, where the variables define the state of the program.

See also
 Algebraic semantics (computer science) — in terms of algebras
 Denotational semantics  — by translation of the program into another language
 Operational semantics — in terms of the state of the computation
 Formal semantics of programming languages — overview
 Predicate transformer semantics — describes the meaning of a program fragment as the function transforming a postcondition to the precondition needed to establish it.
 Assertion (computing)

References

 
Formal specification languages
Logic in computer science
Programming language semantics
German destroyer Rommel. The German destroyer D187 Rommel was one of three  guided-missile destroyers, a modified version of the American , built for the Bundesmarine (West German Navy) during the 1960s.

Design and description
The Charles F. Adams class was based on a stretched  hull modified to accommodate smaller RIM-24 Tartar surface-to-air missiles and all their associated equipment. The ships had an overall length of , a beam of  and a deep draft of . They displaced  at full load. Their crew consisted of 333 officers and enlisted men.

The ships were equipped with two geared General Electric steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft, using steam provided by four D-V2M water-tube boilers. The turbines were intended to produce  to reach the designed speed of . The Lütjens class had a range of  at a speed of . Unlike their half-sisters, the ships had two macks.

They were armed with two 5"/54 caliber Mark 42 gun forward, one each forward and aft of the superstructure. The ships were fitted with an eight-round ASROC launcher between the funnels. Close-range anti-submarine defense was provided by two triple sets of  Mk 32 torpedo tubes. The primary armament of the ships was the Tartar surface-to-air missile designed to defend the carrier battle group. They were fired via the single-arm Mk 13 missile launcher and the ships stowed a total of 40 missiles for the launcher.

Construction and career
Rommel was laid down on 22 August 1967 by Bath Iron Works of Bath, Maine with the hull number DDG-30. She was launched on 1 February 1969, and christened Rommel by Lucie Maria Rommel, widow of Generalfeldmarschall Erwin Rommel. The vessel was commissioned on 2 May 1970, and was added to the 1. Zerstörergeschwader (first destroyer squadron), based in Kiel. She operated for 28 years.

On 30 September 1998, Rommel was decommissioned. The operating licence for the boilers had expired and it was not considered efficient to refit her. She was towed to Wilhelmshaven to be cannibalised for spare parts to support her two sister ships,   and . These two vessels continued to serve for five more years. In 2004 the hull of Rommel was scrapped in Turkey.

Notes

Bibliography

External links

Lütjens-class destroyers
Ships built in Bath, Maine
1969 ships
Steam turbine-powered ships
Erwin Rommel
Jack Smith (Hotmail). Jack Smith is an American businessman who co-founded the first free web-based email service, Hotmail.com in 1996.

He has been the CEO of Proximex since 2007.

Career
Jack Smith worked at FirePower Systems Inc., a subsidiary of Canon Inc., where he designed integrated circuits for use in high performance PowerPC workstations, and invented and marketed the first web server accelerator card that boosted server performance significantly.

Later on at Apple Computer, he worked on several of Apple's early PowerBook computers.

He has been the founder and president of EEE.com, building custom Internet web solutions.

Smith came up with the idea for anonymous web-based email in 1995, and worked with Sabeer Bhatia, his colleague at Apple, to found the company. The company opened on July 4, 1996, with Smith as its chief technology officer.

In December 1997, Bhatia sold Hotmail to Microsoft for a reported $400 million.

Smith went on to co-found Akamba Corporation and work as its CEO.

He had also served as a Director of Engineering of Microsoft, first heading its Hotmail engineering division, and then leading a team developing next generation Internet software infrastructure.

In 2007 he was named CEO of Proximex, a physical security information management software provider.

References

Further reading 
 Bronson, Po, "HotMale: Sabeer Bhatia started his company on $300,000 and sold it two years later for $400 million. So, is he lucky, or great?", Wired, Issue 6.12, December 1998

1960s births
Living people
Businesspeople in information technology
Place of birth missing (living people)
American technology chief executives
American chief technology officers
American technology company founders
Canon (company) people
21st-century American inventors
Year of birth missing (living people)
Oroshigane. , also known as , are graters used in Japanese cooking.

 differ significantly from Western-style graters, as they produce a much finer grating. Traditionally, these graters were tin-coated copper plates with many small spikes gouged out of the metal, but no actual perforations through the metal. These graters are still considered the best and are used by professional chefs. For preparing wasabi and , graters with the surface made from shark skin were exclusively used. These have an even finer grating surface than a metal one; much closer to a sanding paper. However, nowadays non-professional cooks usually use much less expensive graters made from other metals, plastic, or ceramics. A modern variation of these graters also has perforations and may come with a matching box so that the grated material drops through the grater into the box.

There are two versions of the grater in common use with different coarseness. The coarse grater is used to grate  and similar foodstuffs, whereas the fine graters are used for grating wasabi or ginger. The fine graters are also sometimes sold as a wooden board covered with shark skin, which has many tiny teeth (dermal denticles) and give it a feel similar to sandpaper.

See also
 List of Japanese cooking utensils
 Grater
 Mandoline
 , a type of grater used to produce

References

Japanese food preparation utensils
EPZ. EPZ may refer to:

 Elektriciteits Produktiemaatschappij Zuid-Nederland, an operator of coal and nuclear power plants
 Emergency Planning Zone, a zone (amongst a number of zones) defined around a nuclear power plant or other extremely high-safety installation defined in order to facilitate evacuation and other emergency measures in case of an incident with off-site contamination
 Equipotential zone, an area of equal potential to protect workers on electrical equipment from electric shock
 Export processing zone, a specific class of special economic zone
Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute. The Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute (also (Zhukovsky) Central Institute of Aerodynamics, , TsAGI) is a Russian national research centre for aviation. It was founded in Moscow by Russian aviation pioneer Nikolai Yegorovich Zhukovsky on December 1, 1918.

History
From 1925 and up to the 1930s, TsAGI developed and hosted Tupolev's AGOS (Aviatziya, Gidroaviatziya i Opytnoye Stroitelstvo, the "Aviation, Hydroaviation, and Experimental Construction"), the first aircraft design bureau in Soviet Union, and at the time the main one. In 1930, two other major aircraft design bureaus in the country were the Ilyushin's TsKB (Tsentralnoye Konstruksionnoye Byuro means "Central Design Bureau") and an independent, short-lived Kalinin's team in Kharkiv.

In 1935 TsAGI was partly relocated to the former dacha settlement Otdykh (literally, "Relaxation") converted to the new urban-type settlement Stakhanovo. It was named after Alexey Stakhanov, a famous Soviet miner. On April 23, 1947, the settlement was granted town status and renamed to Zhukovsky. The Moscow branch of the institute is known Moscow complex of TsAGI. In 1965 in Zhukovsky a Department of Aeromechanics and Flight Engineering of MIPT was established with support of TsAGI's research and knowledge base to educate specialists for aerospace industry.

Among TsAGI's developments are the participation in the rocket Energia and the Space Shuttle Buran projects.

Heads of the institute 
 1918–1921: N. Y. Zhukovsky
 1921–1931: S. A. Chaplygin
 1932–1937: N. M. Kharlamov
 1938–1939: M. N. Shulzhenko
 1940–1941: 
 1941–1950: S. N. Shishkin
 1950–1960: A. I. Makarevsky
 1960–1967: V. M. Myasishchev
 1967–1989: 
 1989–1995: G I. Zagaynov
 1995–1998: V. Ja. Neuland
 1998–2006: V. G. Dmitriyev
 2006–2007: V. A. Kargopoltsev
 2007–2009: 
 2009–2015: B. S. Aljoshin
 2015–2018: S. L. Chernyshev
 August 2018–present: K. I. Sypalo

Notable scientists (partial list) 
See also :Category:Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute employees
 Sergey Chaplygin
 Anatoly Dorodnitsyn
 Mstislav Keldysh
 Sergei Korolev
 Sergey Khristianovich
 Yuri Ryzhov
 Leonid Shkadov
 Max Taitz
 Vladimir Vetchinkin

References

External links 
 Historical video to celebrate first 100 years of TsAGI 
TsAGI in the Buran programme
TsAGI on Google Maps

Research institutes in Russia
Research institutes in the Soviet Union
Aviation in the Soviet Union
Aerospace research institutes
Aviation research institutes
Federal State Unitary Enterprises of Russia
Companies based in Moscow Oblast