omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Owj Tazarve. (Ya Hossein) Tazarve (, "Pheasant") is an Iranian-made jet training aircraft, first revealed during Iran airshow 2002, in Kish.

Iran began a programme to develop a jet trainer in the early 1990s, known as the Ya-Hossein project, first flying a proof of concept aircraft, the Dorna (Lark) in 1995, a second, much modified aircraft, the Tondar (Thunder) flying in 1998, with a third aircraft, the Tazarve introducing further revisions. This third prototype was publicly unveiled at the Iran Kish Air Show in October–November 2002.

The Tazarve is a small aircraft of all composite (carbon fibre and glass-reinforced plastic construction, with a mid-mounted straight wing). It is powered by a single General Electric J85 jet engine, procured from existing Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force stocks.  An order for five development examples and 25 production aircraft was placed by the Iranian air Force. At least the pre-production aircraft appear to have been built by 2008. After a deadly incident during a military parade in 2007 including the three prototoypes, the entire Ya-Hossein project was canceled and the remaining two aircraft retired and stored at Mehrabad International Airport. The aircraft seem to be stripped down of all valuable parts and only demonstrated again as ground exhibits in 2015.

Specifications

See also

References

Further reading

 

2000s Iranian military trainer aircraft
Twinjets
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined jet aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1995
Fajr F.3. Fajr F.3 () is an Iranian full composite four-seat training/touring aircraft built by Fajr Aviation & Composites Industry. First flown in 1995, production commenced in 2001 after the aircraft was certified to JAR-23 standard. It has been speculated that it is a copy/modification of the Cirrus SR-20.

Design and development
The aircraft features a cantilever low-wing, a single-seat, a four-seat cabin accessed by gull-winged doors, tricycle landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration.

The aircraft is made from composite material. Its  span wing mounts flaps. The standard engine used is the  Lycoming AEIO-540-L185 four-stroke powerplant.

Specifications (Fajr F.3)

See also

References

Jackson, Paul. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 2003–2004. Coulsdon, UK: Jane's Information Group, 2003. .
 Exhibitors – IRAN AIR SHOW 2008
 Full Composite Aircraft FAJR-3, Manufacturer exporting direct from IRAN

External links

1990s Iranian civil utility aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
F03
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1995
Aircraft with fixed tricycle landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
1,3-Propanediol. 1,3-Propanediol is the organic compound with the formula . This 3-carbon diol is a colorless viscous liquid that is miscible with water.

Products
It is mainly used as a building block in the production of polymers such as polytrimethylene terephthalate.

1,3-Propanediol can be formulated into a variety of industrial products including composites, adhesives, laminates, coatings, moldings, aliphatic polyesters, and copolyesters. It is also a common solvent. It is used as an antifreeze and as a component in wood paint.

Production
1,3-Propanediol is mainly produced by the hydration of acrolein. An alternative route involves the hydroformylation of ethylene oxide to form 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde. The aldehyde is subsequently hydrogenated to give 1,3-propanediol. Biotechnological routes are also known.

Two other routes involve bioprocessing by certain micro-organisms:
 Conversion from glucose effected by a genetically modified strain of E. coli by DuPont Tate & Lyle BioProducts (See: bioseparation of 1,3-propanediol). An estimated 120,000 tons were produced in 2007". According to DuPont, the Bio-PDO process uses 40% less energy than conventional processes, Because of DuPont and Tate & Lyle's success in developing a renewable Bio-PDO process, the American Chemical Society awarded the Bio-PDO research teams the "2007 Heroes of Chemistry" award. 
 Conversion from glycerol (a by-product of biodiesel production) using Clostridium diolis bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae.

Safety
1,3-Propanediol does not appear to pose a significant hazard via inhalation of either the vapor or a vapor/aerosol mixture.

See also
 Butylene glycol
 Ethylene glycol
 Polylactic acid
 Propylene glycol

References

External links
 Manufacturer's brochure describing uses of 1,3-propanediol

Alcohol solvents
Alkanediols
Lunchbox locker. A lunchbox locker, also known as a pocket locker, is a form of automatic locking differential that is installed by replacing some components of the differential carrier with the components provided by the lunchbox locker. The cost of the lunchbox locker is reduced because it reuses the existing carrier in the differential. It is easier to install because by reusing the carrier, there is no need to replace the shims and bearings, or to re-measure the preload on the ring and pinion. Often, the lunchbox locker can be installed without removing the carrier from the differential, depending on whether the carrier pin can slide past the ring gear.

References

External links
  - Review of the Powertrax
  - Review of E-Z Locker & other links

Automotive transmission technologies
John Lethbridge. John Lethbridge (1675–1759) invented the first underwater diving machine in 1715. He lived in the county of Devon in South West England and reportedly had 17 children. He is the subject of the Fisherman's Friends song "John in the Barrel".

John Lethbridge was a wool merchant based in Newton Abbot who invented a diving machine in 1715 that was used to salvage valuables from wrecks. This machine was an airtight oak barrel that allowed “the diver” to submerge long enough to retrieve underwater material. In Lethbridge’s words:

It is made of wainscot perfectly round, about 6 feet in length, about 2 feet and a half diameter at the head, and about 18 inches diameter at the foot, and contains about 30 gallons; it is hooped with iron hoops without and within to guard against pressure. There are two holes for the arms, and a glass about 4 inches diameter, and an inch and a quarter thick to look through, which is fixed in the bottom part, so as to be in a direct line with the eye, two airholes upon the upper part, into one of which air is conveyed by a pair of bellows, both which are stopt with plugs immediately before going down to the bottom. At the foot part there’s a hole to let out water. Sometimes there’s a large rope fixed to the back or upper part, by which it’s let down, and there’s a little line called the signal line, by which the people above are directed what to do, and under is fix’d a piece of timber as a guard for the glass. I go in with my feet foremost, and when my arms are got through the holes, then the head is put on, which is fastened with screws. It requires 500 weight to sink it, and take but 15 pound weight from it and it will buoy upon the surface of the water. I lie straight upon my breast all the time I am in the engine, which hath many times been more than 6 hours, being frequently refreshed upon the surface by a pair of bellows. I can move it about 12 foot square at the bottom, where I have stayed many times 34 minutes. I have been 10 fathoms deep many a hundred times, and have been 12 fathom, but with great difficulty

After testing this machine in his garden pond (specially built for the purpose) Lethbridge dived on a number of wrecks: four English men-of-war, one East Indiaman (both English and Dutch), two Spanish galleons and a number of galleys. He became very wealthy as a result of his salvages. One of his better-known recoveries was on the Dutch Slot ter Hooge, which had sunk off Madeira with over three tons of silver on board.

Lethbridge is buried in Wolborough church, Newton Abbot.

In 2006, a revamped survey vessel was christened after John Lethbridge.

References

Further reading
 Cowan, Zélide (1978). "John Lethbridge, Diver" in History Today, Volume 28, Issue 12, December 1978.

1675 births
1759 deaths
People from Newton Abbot
English inventors
Underwater diving engineers
F-22 Total Air War. F-22 Total Air War, also known as Total Air War or by its acronym TAW, is a combat flight simulation video game developed by Digital Image Design and published by Infogrames United Kingdom in 1998. It simulates the F-22 Raptor fighter aircraft. It's a sequel to F-22: Air Dominance Fighter.

Gameplay
The notable features in the game include the ability for the player to dynamically alter their flight campaigns and the realistic physics engine. The storyline in the game revolves around a war campaign over the Red Sea between two ambiguous fighting forces which both feature modern air-combat sorties that are launched against each other in an all out total aerial war. Because the campaign missions are dynamically selected by a computer algorithm built into the game based on the player's performance in battle and random events in the game, no two air missions the player plays should ever be the same.

Reception
The Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences nominated Total Air War for "PC Simulation Game of the Year" at the 2nd Annual Interactive Achievement Awards, although the game lost to Need for Speed III: Hot Pursuit. Total Air War was a finalist for Computer Gaming Worlds 1998 "Best Simulation" award, which ultimately went to European Air War.

The Philadelphia Inquirer said "If you want ultra-realistic air combat and don't mind investing the time, Falcon 4.0 is your game. Strategic thinkers will prefer Total Air War's emphasis on the big picture".

References

External links

Gamespot.com summary and review of TAW

1998 video games
Combat flight simulators
Digital Image Design games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Video game sequels
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Windows games
Windows-only games
Water slide decal. Water slide decals (or water transfer decals) are decals which rely on dextrose residue from the decal paper to bond the decal to a surface. A water-based adhesive layer can be added to the decal to create a stronger bond or may be placed between layers of lacquer to create a durable decal transfer. The paper also has a layer of glucose film added prior to the dextrose layer which gives it adhesive properties; the dextrose layer gives the decal the ability to slide off the paper and onto the substrate (lubricity).

Water slide decals are thinner than many other decorative techniques (such as vinyl stickers) and as they are printed, they can be produced to a very high level of detail. As such, they are popular in craft areas such as scale modeling, as well as for labeling DIY electronics devices, such as guitar pedals.

Previously, water slide decals were professionally printed and only available in supplied designs, but with the advent of printable decal paper for colour inkjet and laser printers, custom decals can now be produced by the hobbyist or small business.

References

Scale modeling
Adhesives
University College of Engineering, Osmania University. The University College of Engineering, Osmania University (UCE) is an autonomous engineering college located in Hyderabad, India. The college offers undergraduate B.E. and postgraduate M.E. courses.

History
Established in 1929 the University College of Engineering is the oldest and the biggest in Telangana. Established in 1929, eleven years after the formation of Osmania University, it was the sixth engineering college to be established in the whole of British India.

The college moved to its present permanent building in 1947.  Today it is the biggest among the campus colleges of Osmania University.

The college was conferred autonomous status in 1994.

Departments
The college has the following departments:
 Artificial intelligence and Machine Learning
 Biomedical Engineering
 Civil Engineering
 Computer Science and Engineering
 Electrical Engineering
 Electronics and Communication Engineering
 Mechanical Engineering
 Mining Engineering
 Chemistry
 Physics
 English
 Mathematics

Ranking 

Among government engineering colleges in India, UCE was ranked 24 by Outlook India in 2021. It is ranked in the band 100-150 among engineering colleges by the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) in 2023.

References

External links
 Official website

Engineering colleges in Hyderabad, India
Engineering colleges in Telangana
Colleges affiliated to Osmania University
Education in the princely states of India
1929 establishments in India
Universities and colleges established in 1929
IBM 101. The IBM 101 Electronic Statistical Machine, introduced in 1952, combines in one unit the functions of sorting, counting, accumulating, balancing, editing, and printing of summaries of facts recorded in IBM cards.

The 101 could sort cards based on multiple columns. For example, if a card had multiple 3-column test scores, the 101 could be wired to sort into pocket 0 those cards with no scores over 090, into pocket 1 those with one score over 090, and so on; logic limited only by the number of relays available.

A. Ross Eckler suggests the development of the 101, with functions similar to earlier multicolumn sorters and unit counters developed by the Census Bureau, "was apparently a direct result of the transfer to IBM of Lawrence Wilson, who had served as chief of the Census Bureau's Machine Tabulation Division".

Functions
The following operations may be performed at the rate of 450 cards per minute:
 Sort IBM cards into numeric or alphabetic sequence
 Arrange cards into a desired pattern
 Check cards for consistency of coded information
 Check the accuracy of sorting
 Search cards for specific facts or combinations of facts
 Count cards for as many as 60 different classifications
 Print reports in final form on one or two printers
 Print group identification
 Print a check symbol on each line of a report to indicate that totals printed on that line cross-check
 Summary punch totals when one or two summary punches are connected to the 101.

The operation of the 101 is directed by the use of a removable control panel.

Related Equipment
IBM Devices often used in conjunction with an IBM 101 included:

Capabilities table

IBM 524
The IBM 524 is a Duplicating Summary Punch, and two of them can be attached to an IBM 101.

Other units
 IBM 514 (Reproducing Punch)
 IBM 519 Document-Originating Machine
 IBM 521 Punch Unit
 IBM 523 Gang Summary Punch
 IBM 526 Printing Summary Punch
 IBM 528 Accumulating Reproducer
 IBM 529 Punch Unit
 IBM 541 Card Read Punch
 IBM 542 Card Read Punch
 IBM 549 Ticket Converter

Gangpunch
The term gangpunch refers to duplicating the content of a punched card onto one or more of those that follow - to copy information from a master card into the following detail cards.

References

External links
 

101
Merle Randall. Merle Randall (January 29, 1888 – March 17, 1950) was an American physical chemist famous for his work with Gilbert N. Lewis, over a period of 25 years, in measuring reaction heat of chemical compounds and determining their corresponding free energy. Together, their 1923 textbook "Thermodynamics and the Free Energy of Chemical Substances" became a classic work in the field of chemical thermodynamics.

In 1932, Merle Randall authored two scientific papers with Mikkel Frandsen: "The Standard Electrode Potential of Iron and the Activity Coefficient of Ferrous Chloride," and "Determination of the Free Energy of Ferrous Hydroxide from Measurements of Electromotive Force."

Education
Randall completed his Ph.D. at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1912 with a dissertation on "Studies in Free Energy".

Related
Based on work by J. Willard Gibbs, it was known that chemical reactions proceeded to an equilibrium determined by the free energy of the substances taking part. Using this theory, Gilbert Lewis spent 25 years determining free energies of various substances. In 1923, he and Randall published the results of this study and formalizing chemical thermodynamics.

According to the Belgian thermodynamicist Ilya Prigogine, their influential 1923 textbook led to the replacement of the term "affinity" by the term "free energy" in much of the English-speaking world.

See also
Ionic strength

References

Further reading
 
 

Thermodynamicists
American physical chemists
1888 births
1950 deaths
20th-century American chemists
Vierendeel bridge. A Vierendeel bridge is a bridge employing a Vierendeel truss, named after Arthur Vierendeel, a Belgian engineer 
who proposed this new bridge girder-type without diagonals in 1896.

Such trusses are made up of rectangular rather than triangular frames, as are common in bridges using pin–joints. Because of the lack of diagonal members, Vierendeel trusses employ moment joints to resist substantial bending forces.

Owing to a lesser economy of materials and the difficulty of design before the advent of computers, this truss is rarely used in bridges outside Belgium. The form is more commonly employed in building structures where large shear walls or diagonal elements would interfere with the building's aesthetics or functionality.

The first such bridge was built in steel at Avelgem, Belgium in 1902, following development of the truss form and a method to calculate its strength in 1896 by Arthur Vierendeel. There are many more examples in Belgium, including some built in concrete, mostly designed by Vierendeel's many students from his long career as professor in civil engineering.

The city of Glendale, California has three Vierendeel truss bridges: the Geneva Street, Kenilworth Avenue, and Glenoaks Boulevard bridges, all two-lane bridges spanning 95 feet. They were built in 1937 as part of the Verdugo Flood Control Project, the first project of the United States Army Corps of Engineers after passage of the Flood Control Act of 1936.

The double-deck cable-stayed Kap Shui Mun Bridge in Hong Kong uses a Vierendeel truss. Opened in 1997, the lower deck carries both rail and traffic, with the lack of diagonal members in the cross section allowing vehicles to drive through the openings provided by the Vierendeel design.

References

Truss bridges in Belgium
Truss bridges by type
FARGO (programming language). FARGO (fourteen-o-one automatic report generation operation) was the predecessor to the RPG programming language.  FARGO was more of a utility program than a programming language, whereas RPG had a program generation process that produced an executable object.

A transitional tool 
The idea behind FARGO was to facilitate ease of transition for IBM 407 Accounting Machine  technicians to the new IBM 1400 series of computers.  The 1400 series had two  assemblers; Symbolic Programming System (SPS) and Autocoder (a more advanced assembler which required more memory than SPS).  These represented a significant paradigm shift and learning curve for the technicians who were accustomed to wiring a control panel to direct input, output, control and counter operations (add, subtract). Multiplication and division operations were possible but their practicality was limited.

Tabulator machine operations were directed by impulses emitted in a machine cycle; hence, FARGO emulated the notion of a cycle. FARGO coordinated the concept of coding sheets that closely approximated the principles of wiring control panels of tabulating machines. Early FARGO training material showed the wiring control of panels vs. coding sheet relationships.

Programs did not require compilation 
Another important feature of FARGO programs is that they did not require compilation.  Instead, specification cards were placed into the FARGO program deck at appropriate locations and then simply run with the data cards at the end of the program deck.  FARGO was designed for IBM 1401 card systems with at least 4000 positions of Core storage.

Backward compatibility 
IBM historically placed emphasis on backward compatibility, and FARGO and 1400 Autocoder continued to be used in some IBM System/360 shops by running in "Emulation" mode. COBOL, FORTRAN and RPG languages did not require emulation because System/360 versions were provided.

External links 
 

Procedural programming languages
IBM software
Programming languages created in the 1960s
Grimm's hydride displacement law. Grimm's Hydride Displacement Law is an early hypothesis, formulated in 1925, to describe bioisosterism, the ability of certain chemical groups to function as or mimic other chemical groups.

“Atoms anywhere up to four places in the periodic system before an inert gas change their properties by uniting with one to four hydrogen atoms, in such a manner that the resulting combinations behave like pseudoatoms, which are similar to elements in the groups one to four places respectively, to their right.”

According to Grimm, each vertical column (of Table below) would represent a group of isosteres.

References

  Grimm, H. G. Structure and Size of the Non-metallic Hydrides Z. Electrochem. 1925, 31, 474–480.
  Grimm, H. G. On the Systematic Arrangement of Chemical Compounds from the Perspective of Research on Atomic Composition; and on Some Challenges in Experimental Chemistry. Naturwissenschaften 1929, 17, 557–564.
  Patani, G. A.; LaVoie, E. J. Bioisosterism: A Rational Approach in Drug Design. Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 3147–3176. ( )

Medicinal chemistry
Hydrides
Lennart Johnsson. Lennart Johnsson (born 1944) is a Swedish computer scientist and engineer.

Johnsson started his career at ABB in Sweden and moved on to UCLA, Caltech, Yale University, Harvard University, the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH in Sweden), and Thinking Machines Corporation. He is currently based at the University of Houston, where he holds the Hugh and Lillie Roy Cranz Cullen Distinguished Chair of Computer Science, Mathematics, and Electrical and Computer Engineering as a lecturer at a summer school at the KTH PDC Center for High Performance Computing.

References

Johnsson, Lennart
American computer scientists
Scientific computing researchers
University of California, Los Angeles faculty
Yale University faculty
Harvard University faculty
University of Houston faculty
Johnsson, Lennart
Johnsson, Lennart
Game Theater XP. The Game Theater XP (aka GTXP) is a sound card which was developed and manufactured by Hercules. It was first available in the United States in 2001. As of July 2006, it is no longer available on their website. Over the years the GTXP has picked up somewhat of a cult following from computer audiophiles all over the world

See also 
 Sound card
 Sensaura (owned by Creative Technology)
 Creative Technology
 Hercules Computer Technology

References

External links
 
 
 

Sound cards