omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Berry Aviation. Berry Aviation, Inc is an American charter airline with its headquarters based in San Marcos, Texas. It operates charters for the US Department of Defense in multiple locations worldwide and Part 135 On-Demand Cargo across North America and the Caribbean. It was founded in 1983.

Fleet 
The Berry Aviation fleet includes the following aircraft (as of December 2021):

The airline fleet previously included the following aircraft:
 3 further Dornier 328-100
 4 UH-72 Lakota Helicopters

2017 Niger terrorist incident 

On October 4, 2017, four U.S. Army personnel and five Nigerien soldiers were killed and two more injured after being ambushed while assisting local forces in Southwest Niger. It was later reported that private contractors working for Berry Aviation "conducted casualty evacuation and transport for U.S. and partner forces". Berry Aviation was described as having a "sole source bridge contract" in Niamey for duties including casualty evacuation.

2017 hurricane relief and pet evacuation flights 

Starting on August 28, 2017, Berry Aviation conducted over fifty flights for Wings of Rescue and the Humane Society of the United States, carrying over 100 tons of emergency supplies into the Hurricane Harvey, Irma and Maria zones and then flying over 4,500 pets, who otherwise would have died, to safety at no-kill animal shelters throughout the mainland United States.

Accidents and Incidents

References

External links 
Berry Aviation

Charter airlines of the United States
Airlines established in 1983
Airlines based in Texas
1983 establishments in Texas
Harvard Mark III. The Harvard Mark III, also known as ADEC (for Aiken Dahlgren Electronic Calculator) was an early computer that was partially electronic and partially electromechanical.  It was built at Harvard University under the supervision of Howard Aiken for use at Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division.

Technical overview
The Mark III processed numbers of 16 decimal digits (plus sign), each digit encoded with four bits, though using a form of encoding that is different to conventional binary-coded decimal today. Numbers were read and processed serially, meaning one decimal digit at a time, but the four bits for the digit were read in parallel. The instruction length, however, was 38 bits, read in parallel.

It used 5,000 vacuum tubes and 1,500 crystal diodes. It weighed 10 tons. It used magnetic drum memory of 4,350 words. Its addition time was 4,400 microseconds and the multiplication time was 13,200 microseconds (times include memory access time). Aiken boasted that the Mark III was the fastest electronic computer in the world.

The Mark III used nine magnetic drums (one of the first computers to do so). One drum could contain 4,000 instructions and has an access time of 4,400 microseconds; thus it was a stored-program computer. The arithmetic unit could access two other drums – one contained 150 words of constants and the other contained 200 words of variables. Both of these drums also had an access time of 4,400 microseconds. This separation of data and instructions is now sometimes referred to as the Harvard architecture although that term was not coined until the 1970s (in the context of microcontrollers). There were six other drums that held a total of 4,000 words of data, but the arithmetic unit couldn't access these drums directly. Data had to be transferred between these drums and the drum the arithmetic unit could access via registers implemented by electromechanical relays. This was a bottleneck in the computer and made the access time to data on these drums long – 80,000 microseconds. This was partially compensated for by the fact that twenty words could be transferred on each access.

The Mark III was finished in September 1949 and delivered to the U.S. Naval Proving Ground at the U.S. Navy base at Dahlgren, Virginia in March 1950. Rebuilding the computer in its new location took the remainder of the year. It became operational in 1951, and was being operated 24 hours a day, 6 days a week by October.

See also
 Harvard Mark I
 Harvard Mark II
 Harvard Mark IV
 Howard Aiken
 List of vacuum-tube computers

References

Further reading
A History of Computing Technology, Michael R. Williams, 1997, IEEE Computer Society Press,

External links
BRL report, 1955 - see ADEC

1950s computers
Computer-related introductions in 1951
Electro-mechanical computers
One-of-a-kind computers
Vacuum tube computers
Harvard University
History of the United States Navy
MakeIndex. MakeIndex is a computer program which provides a sorted index from unsorted raw data.  MakeIndex can process raw data output by various programs, however, it is generally used with LaTeX and troff.

MakeIndex was written around the year 1986 by Pehong Chen in the C programming language and is free software. Six pages of documentation titled "MakeIndex: An Index Processor for LaTeX" by Leslie Lamport are available on the web and dated "17 February 1987."

See also 
xindy

References 

 Wikibooks: LaTeX/Indexing
 Pehong Chen and Michael A. Harrison: Index preparation and processing (distributed with MakeIndex)
 Leslie Lamport: MakeIndex: an index processor for LaTeX
 Frank Mittelbach et al., The LaTeX Companion, Addison-Wesley Professional, 2nd edition, 2004, 

Free software programmed in C
Free TeX software
Troff
Index (publishing)
Linarite. Linarite is a somewhat rare, crystalline mineral that is known among mineral collectors for its unusually intense, pure blue color. It is formed by the oxidation of galena and chalcopyrite and other copper sulfides. It is a combined copper lead sulfate hydroxide with formula  PbCuSO4(OH)2. 
Linarite occurs as monoclinic prismatic to tabular crystals and irregular masses. It is easily confused with azurite, but does not react with dilute hydrochloric acid as azurite does. It has a Mohs hardness of 2.5 and a specific gravity of 5.3 – 5.5.

Linarite was first identified in 1822. It is named after the Linares Plateau, Spain. It occurs in association with brochantite, anglesite, caledonite, leadhillite, cerussite, malachite and hemimorphite.

Gallery

References

Mineral galleries

Lead minerals
Copper(II) minerals
Sulfate minerals
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 11
Minerals described in 1822
Potassium fluoride. Potassium fluoride is the chemical compound with the formula KF.  After hydrogen fluoride, KF is the primary source of the fluoride ion for applications in manufacturing and in chemistry.  It is an alkali halide salt and occurs naturally as the rare mineral carobbiite.  Solutions of KF will etch glass due to the formation of soluble fluorosilicates, although HF is more effective.

Preparation
Potassium fluoride is prepared by reacting potassium carbonate with hydrofluoric acid. Evaporation of the solution forms crystals of potassium bifluoride. The bifluoride on heating yields potassium fluoride:

Platinum or heat resistant plastic containers are often used for these operations.

Potassium chloride converts to KF upon treatment with hydrogen fluoride.  In this way, potassium fluoride is recyclable.

Crystalline properties
KF crystallizes in the cubic NaCl crystal structure. The lattice parameter at room temperature is 0.266 nm.

Applications in organic chemistry
In organic chemistry, KF can be used for the conversion of chlorocarbons into fluorocarbons, via the Finkelstein (alkyl halides)  and Halex reactions (aryl chlorides).  Such reactions usually employ polar solvents such as dimethyl formamide, ethylene glycol, and dimethyl sulfoxide. More efficient fluorination of aliphatic halides can be achieved with a combination of crown ether and bulky diols in acetonitrile solvent.

Potassium fluoride on alumina (KF/Al2O3) is a base used in organic synthesis. It was originally introduced in 1979 by Ando et al. for inducing alkylation reactions.

Safety considerations
Like other sources of the fluoride ion, F−, KF is poisonous, although lethal doses approach gram levels for humans. It is harmful by inhalation and ingestion. It is highly corrosive, and skin contact may cause severe burns.

References

Potassium compounds
Alkali metal fluorides
Rock salt crystal structure
RWD 10. The RWD-10 was a Polish aerobatics sports plane, single-seat parasol wing monoplane, used from 1933 to 1939 and constructed by the RWD team.

Development
The aircraft was designed as a single-seater aerobatic sports plane that could also be used as a trainer for fighter pilots. Its chief designer was Jerzy Drzewiecki of the RWD design team at the DWL (Doświadczalne Warsztaty Lotnicze) aircraft factory. Its silhouette was similar to the RWD-8. The first prototype (registration SP-ALC), was flown in July 1933 by Drzewiecki. Its stability was not satisfactory, but after modifications, including lengthening of the fuselage, it turned out to be a successful design, completing state trials in 1935. In a mock dogfight with the PZL P.11c fighter, the RWD-10 kept on the P.11's tail. The first public aerobatics show of the RWD-10 took place during the Gordon Bennett Cup in ballooning on September 14–15, 1935 in Warsaw.

In 1936, the LOPP paramilitary organization ordered 20 aircraft, the purchase funded by a public collection for aviation development. They were built in 1937 and then distributed among the Polish regional aero clubs - the largest number going to the Warsaw Aero Club. In 1938, another two were built. In total, approximately 22 serial RWD-10s were produced.

Three aircraft crashed before the war, the rest were probably destroyed during the Invasion of Poland in 1939.

Description
Mixed construction single-engine single-seat braced high-wing (parasol wing) monoplane, conventional in layout. Fuselage of a steel frame, covered with canvas on a wooden frame, in aluminum in engine section. Straight double-trapezoid two-part wing, of wooden construction, covered with canvas and plywood in front, two-spar. The wing was supported by a central pyramid and twin struts. Wooden construction cantilever empennage, covered with plywood (stabilizers) and canvas (rudder and elevators). A pilot in an open cockpit, had a windshield.  Conventional fixed landing gear, with a rear skid. Four-cylinder air-cooled inverted straight engine PZInż. Junior (licence built Walter Junior) with 82 kW (110 hp) nominal power and 90 kW (120 hp) take-off power. Two-blade wooden propeller Szomański, of a fixed pitch. Fuel tank in the fuselage: 54 L (fuel consumption 25 L/h).

Specifications (RWD-10)

See also

References

Further reading

External links

Photos and drawings at Ugolok Neba site

1930s Polish sport aircraft
RWD-10
Aerobatic aircraft
Parasol-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1933
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
Fatty Knees. The Fatty Knees fibreglass sailing dinghies were designed by Lyle Hess (1912–2002).  Produced in 7' (2.1m), 8' (2.4m) and 9' (2.7m) long models. The 8' model has a 4' (1.2m) beam.  Primarily designed as a yacht tender with good rowing and towing characteristics, the boat can be sailed, with enough width in the beam to provide stability. 

The hull has a lapstrake appearance.  The thwarts and dagger-board trunk are fiberglass inserts glassed into the hull and are watertight. It is cat rigged with a Bermuda mainsail. A transom notch allows sculling. Equipped with oarlocks for rowing.  A small outboard motor can be mounted to port. Sailing gear is designed to be stored inside the hull. About 2000 dinghies have been produced.

References

External links

Dinghies
Sailboat types built in the United States
Sailboat type designs by Lyle Hess
Donaudampfschiffahrtsgesellschaft. The Erste  (, literally (First-Danube-Steamboat-Shipping Company) or DDSG was a shipping company founded in 1829 by the Austrian government for transporting passengers and cargo on the Danube.

History
The company built its first steamship building factory the so-called "Óbuda Shipyard" on the Hajógyári Island in Kingdom of Hungary in 1835, which was the first industrial scale steamship building company in the Habsburg Empire.

In 1880, the DDSG was the world's largest river shipping company with more than 200 steamboat ships and about 1000 cargo tugs.

During Nazi rule, the DDSG was involved in transporting Austrian Jews after Kristallnacht, when the Jews were pressured to emigrate elsewhere. Beginning in 1938, the DDSG transported Jews who were on so-called "B-immigration transports". The DDSG was also involved in taking large amounts of money and property from Jews in order to transport them. The SS worked with the DDSG in making the exit permits for Jews easier to obtain, since, at this point, the Nazis apparently just wanted them to leave the country. Although the Gestapo had leverage over the DDSG, the DDSG was a group that operated on its own will, in order to profit from forced Jewish emigration.

In 1991, the company was split into a passenger transportation enterprise and a cargo transport company. The company was sold to a private owner in 1993. Today, the DDSG exists in the form of the two private companies DDSG-Blue Danube Schiffahrt GmbH (passenger transport) and the DDSG-Cargo GmbH.

Ever since the German spelling reform of 1996, "Schifffahrt" is written with three "f"s; as the name belongs to a company that existed before the spelling reform, the old form of the name is used when referring to the company.

The name of the company is well known in German-speaking countries as a starter to humorously construct even longer compound words.  is such a word, which potentially might even have been used, but probably never actually was. It means a "DDSG captain's hat". Another common example is Donaudampfschiffahrtselektrizitätenhauptbetriebswerkbauunterbeamtengesellschaft which means "Association for Subordinate Officials of the Main Maintenance Building of the DDSG".

References

External links
 DDSG-Cargo GmbH
 DDSG-Blue Danube Schifffahrt GmbH
 

Shipping companies of Austria
Danube
The Holocaust in Austria
1829 establishments in the Austrian Empire
Companies established in 1829
River cruise companies
Companies based in Vienna
Entry-sequenced data set. An entry-sequenced data set (ESDS) is a type of data set used by IBM's VSAM computer data storage system.  Records are accessed based on their sequential order, that is, the order in which they were written to the file; which means that accessing a particular record involves searching all the records sequentially until it is located, or by using a relative physical address (Relative byte address, RBA), i.e. the number of bytes from the beginning of the file to start reading.

Keys may be used to access records in an ESDS by defining an alternate index.

See also
Key Sequenced Data Set
Linear Data Set
Relative Record Data Set
Random access

References

Computer file systems
Lamellar structure. In materials science, lamellar structures or microstructures are composed of fine, alternating layers of different materials in the form of lamellae. They are often observed in cases where a phase transition front moves quickly, leaving behind two solid products, as in rapid cooling of eutectic (such as solder) or eutectoid (such as pearlite) systems.

Such conditions force phases of different composition to form but allow little time for diffusion to produce those phases' equilibrium compositions. Fine lamellae solve this problem by shortening the diffusion distance between phases, but their high surface energy makes them unstable and prone to break up when annealing allows diffusion to progress.  A deeper eutectic or more rapid cooling will result in finer lamellae; as the size of an individual lamellum approaches zero, the system will instead retain its high-temperature structure.  Two common cases of this include cooling a liquid to form an amorphous solid, and cooling eutectoid austenite to form martensite.

In biology, normal adult bones possess a lamellar structure which may be disrupted by some diseases.

References

Membrane biology
Physical chemistry
Electric Sheep (disambiguation). Electric Sheep may mean the following:

 Electric Sheep, a distributed computing project for generating, downloading, and playing fractal movies while the screen saver is running
 Electric Sheep Comix, an electronic comic book anthology Web page created by Berkeley-based artist Patrick Farley
 Electric Sheep, album by The Phenomenauts

See also 
 Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?, a 1968 science fiction novel by Philip K. Dick, and basis for the 1982 film Blade Runner.
Throbber. A throbber, also known as a loading icon, is an animated graphical control element used to show that a computer program is performing an action in the background (such as downloading content, conducting intensive calculations or communicating with an external device). In contrast to a progress bar, a throbber does not indicate how much of the action has been completed.

History
An early use of a throbber occurred in the NCSA Mosaic web browser of the early 1990s, which featured an NCSA logo that animated while Mosaic downloaded a web page. As the user could still interact with the program, the pointer remained normal (and not a busy symbol, such as an hourglass); therefore, the throbber provided a visual indication that the program was performing an action.

The Netscape web browser also featured a throbber. In version 1.0 of Netscape, this took the form of a big blue "N" (Netscape's logo at the time). The animation depicted the "N" expanding and contracting hence the name "throbber".

The IBM WebExplorer offered a webpage the opportunity to change the look and the animation of the throbber by using proprietary HTML code.

The Arena web browser has a command-line option to change the throbber with a local file.

Spinning wheel 

Throbbers also appear in client side applications (such as Ajax web apps) where an application within the web browser would wait for some operation to complete. Most of these throbbers appear as a "spinning wheel", which typically consist of 8, 10, or 12 part-radial lines or discs arranged in a circle, as if on a clock face, highlighted in turn as if a wave is moving clockwise around the circle.

In text user interfaces and command lines, the spinning wheel is commonly replaced by a fixed-width character which is cycled through discrete states, such as "|", "/", "-" and "\", which act as the frames of a looping animation-like effect.  Unlike graphical activity indicators, this style of throbber is commonly paired with a progress display like a bar, since the lower effective resolution of character-based progress bars can benefit from a separate indication of activity.  Often, the spinner is displayed at or near the position of the typing cursor, then called a "spinning cursor" or "rotating cursor". This style of throbber dates from versions of UNIX appearing in the latter 1970s, and DR-DOS utilities in the 1980s, since it requires at least a character-cell addressable display—i.e. one which can be updated quickly to make precise changes to already displayed text—but given that is otherwise simple to program.

See also 
 Spinning pinwheel
 Windows wait cursor

References 

Graphical control elements
Technology neologisms
Azal Avia Cargo. Azal Avia Cargo is a cargo airline based in Baku, Azerbaijan and a subsidiary of Azerbaijan Airlines. It operates scheduled and charter cargo services within Azerbaijan and to other CIS countries. Its main base is Heydar Aliev International Airport in Baku.

History 
The airline was established in 1996 and is wholly owned by Azerbaijan Airlines.

Fleet

Current fleet
The Azal Avia Cargo fleet included the following aircraft (at March 2007):

2 Antonov An-12
1 Antonov An-26B
1 Ilyushin Il-76TD

Previously operated
1 Antonov An-32

See also
List of Azerbaijani companies
Baku Cargo Terminal

References 

Airlines of Azerbaijan
Airlines established in 1996
Aviastar-TU. Aviastar-TU Airlines () is a Russian cargo charter airline which operates principally out of Ramenskoye Airport in Moscow, Russia. Its headquarters is located in Zhukovsky, Moscow Oblast.

History
The airline began operating domestic and international charter flights in 2000. Aviastar-TU, as an aircraft operator, has a historical affiliation with Aviastar-SP, an aircraft builder.

After the incident of Flight 1906, the Federal Air Transport Agency imposed a ban on passenger transport due to the airline's lack of a spare aircraft. In November 2011, after a number of deficiencies were identified by European inspectors, the European Aviation Safety Agency also imposed an additional ban on flights to EU countries, which was lifted at the end of December 2011.

On 8 April 2022, the US Department of Commerce restricted flights on aircraft manufactured in the US for Aeroflot, Aviastar, Azur Air, Belavia, Rossiya and Utair. It seems the US wants to reclaim ownership of the intellectual property. On 16 June, the US broadened its restrictions on the six airlines after violations of the sanctions regime were detected. The effect of the restrictions is to ground the US-manufactured part of its fleet.

Fleet

Current fleet
The Aviastar-TU fleet consists of the following aircraft (as of December 2022):

Former fleet
Aviastar-TU fleet formerly operated the following aircraft:

Accidents and incidents
On 22 March 2010, Aviastar-TU Flight 1906, a Tupolev Tu-204-100 (RA-64011) crashed on approach to Moscow Domodedovo International Airport. Only eight crew members were on board, and all of them survived. Immediately upon the accident, the Russian aviation supervisory authority suspended Aviastar-TU from carrying passengers, pending an examination of the airline's flight operations. In September 2010, the Russian aviation supervisory authority, МАК, released its final report into the accident. The cause of the accident was attributed to pilot error, with a number of factors contributing to the accident including inadequate crew training and lack of cockpit resource management, failure of autoflight systems and regulatory violations by Aviastar-TU.
On 24 August 2016, a Tupolev Tu-204-100C (RA-64021) operating Flight 9625, suffered a hard landing  at Alykel Airport. Information from the investigation shows that the aircraft bounced on touchdown, the spoilers then automatically extended, after which the aircraft landed hard with an acceleration of +3,05G. The aircraft taxied to the parking position, where examination revealed that the rear spar of the wing sustained. All 4 crew members on board were safely evacuated.
On 8 January 2022, a Tupolev Tu-204-100C (RA-64032), operating Flight 6534 for Cainiao, was written off after a fire started during pushback from its gate at Hangzhou Xiaoshan International Airport and burnt through the fuselage, causing the rear of the aircraft to collapse. All 8 crew members on board were safely evacuated.

See also
List of airlines of Russia

References

External links

 Official website 

Airlines established in 2000
Companies based in Moscow
Cargo airlines of Russia
2000 establishments in Russia