omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Fournier RF7. The Fournier RF7 was a single-seat motorglider designed and built in prototype form by René Fournier in France in 1970 and intended for series production by Sportavia-Pützer in Germany.

Design and development
The RF7 was a conventional motorglider design derived from Fournier's RF 4D, a low-wing cantilever monoplane with an engine mounted in tractor configuration in the nose. The sailplane-style undercarriage consisted of a retractable mainwheel, a fixed tailwheel, and small outriggers under each wing. Compared to the RF 4. the wings were shorter and the tailplane surfaces larger. The ailerons were also larger, and the RF7 was fully stressed for aerobatics.

Construction of the prototype (registered F-WPXV) began in July 1969, and the aircraft first flew on 5 March 1970. It was displayed at the Hanover Air Show the following month, where the journal Flight International praised it for the quality of its finish "[i]n spite of its prototype status." By 1971, Sportavia-Pützer abandoned its plans of series production of the type and hoped to market the RF7 in kit form instead. By 1978, all development had been abandoned and the prototype was offered for sale.

Specifications

See also

Notes

References

 
 
 
 
 

1970s French sport aircraft
Fournier aircraft
Sportavia-Pützer aircraft
Motor gliders
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1970
Nelson Dragonfly. The Bowlus/Nelson BB-1 Dragonfly is an American, two seat, strut-braced, high-wing motor glider that was developed from the Bowlus BA-100 Baby Albatross glider by Hawley Bowlus.

Design and development
The development of the Dragonfly was sponsored by the Nelson Engine Company to promote the use of their H-44  four cylinder two-stroke engine. The engine was mounted in the rear of the fuselage pod, in pusher configuration, with the wooden two bladed  propeller below the metal tail boom. The fuel tank holds , enough for self-launching, but not for cross-country powered flight.

The Dragonfly shares the Baby Albatross's molded plywood fuselage pod, aluminium tube tail boom and strut-braced double spar wooden wing, covered in aircraft fabric aft of the spar. The leading edge is a plywood D-cell. The aircraft features dual controls and a retractable tricycle landing gear with a steerable nose wheel. The engine is started by a ratchet-wire recoil start system that allows restarts in flight, as well as on the ground.

Federal Aviation Administration certification of the type was achieved on 21 April 1947, with Nelson Aircraft Corporation as the certificate holder and the type officially known as Nelson Auxiliary Power Glider BB-1. The type certificate indicates that neither the engine nor the propeller need be certified. The type certificate specifies that the Nelson H-49 engine of  may also be installed.

The Dragonfly was later replaced in production by the improved Nelson Hummingbird PG-185B.

Operational history
In operational use the Nelson powerplant proved heavy and lacking in power and, as the Sailplane Directory terms it, "the result was an under-powered sailplane". The  engine gave the Dragonfly a sea level climb rate of just 235 fpm (1.19 m/s) and a take-off run of . As a result of the performance deficiencies only seven were produced. Three Dragonflys were sold to private owners in the Seattle region after having their engines removed.

In March 2011 there were still four BB-1s registered in the US, two of which had been transferred to the National Soaring Museum.

Aircraft on display
 Canadian Museum of Flight
 National Soaring Museum

Specifications (Dragonfly)

See also

References

1940s United States sailplanes
Bowlus aircraft
Nelson aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1947
Motor gliders
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Woshan WS-6. The WS-6 () was an unsuccessful turbofan development program from the People's Republic of China.

Development started as part of the "Aviation Industry Science and Technology Development Program for 1978-1985" with the larger goal of developing an industry capable of designing and building aircraft engines. No workable engines were produced when the program was cancelled in 1986.

Experience from the WS-6 was applied to the later Shenyang WS-10.

References

Low-bypass turbofan engines
1970s turbofan engines
Silicon Border. Silicon Border Holding Company, LLC is a commercial  development site designed to produce semi-conductors for consumers in North America. The site is located in Mexicali, Baja California, along the southwestern border of the United States of America and Mexico. The site began manufacturing semiconductors between 2004-2005 with the intention of competing with the global market. Silicon Border provides Mexico with an infrastructure that enables high-tech companies anywhere in the world to relocate manufacturing operations to the country and exploit its competitive advantages such as geographical location, human capital, research, legal and tax benefits, intellectual property, international treaties, and logistics. This allows research to develop processes, design, fabrication and testing able to compete with Asian operations and costs. The infrastructure build-out, financed by ING Clarion, consists of potable water plant and distribution, fiber optic telephone and data cable, power substations, and waste treatment facilities. Silicon Border not only provides manufacturing space to companies creating "green" products, but does so in an environmentally conscious manner.

California's Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger promoted cooperation with the project and has encouraged economic partnerships with Silicon Border in his radio addresses. In 2006, the California governor created the "California/Baja Silicon Border Work Group," run by deputy secretary of the California Business, Transportation, and Housing Agency, Yolanda Benson. State officials promised to hasten the roadways needed to link up with those being built for Silicon Border in Mexico.

The area is supplied with water from the Colorado River and a major electrical sub-station supplied by three separate power plants. Infrastructure improvements associated with the proposed project include a new highway (under construction) and an additional border crossing. Silicon Border estimates that in ten years following the onset of development, the Silicon Border Science Park could generate 100,000 jobs both within Mexico and the U.S.

See also
 Silicon Valley
 Silicon Wadi

References

Mexicali
Imperial County, California
Information technology places
Dufour effect. The Dufour effect is the energy flux due to a mass concentration gradient occurring as a coupled effect of irreversible processes, named after L. Dufour.  It is the reciprocal phenomenon to the Soret effect. The concentration gradient results in a temperature change. For binary liquid mixtures, the Dufour effect is usually considered negligible, whereas in binary gas mixtures the effect can be significant.

References

Thermodynamics
Tilt test (geotechnical engineering). In geomechanics, a tilt test is a simple test to estimate the shear strength parameters of a discontinuity. Two pieces of rock containing a discontinuity are held in hand or mounted in test equipment with the discontinuity horizontal. The sample is slowly tilted until the top block moves. The angle with the horizontal at onset of movement is called the tilt-angle.

The size of the specimen is limited to 10–20 cm for hand-held tests, while machine-operated tilt test equipment may handle up to meter-sized samples. In the field, the angle can be determined most easily with an inclinometer as present in most geological or structural compasses.

Tilt-angle
The tilt-angle equals the material friction of the discontinuity wall plus the roughness i-angle (tilt-angle = φwall material + i) if no real cohesion is present (i.e. no cementing or gluing material between the two blocks), no infill material is present, the asperities do not break, and the walls of the discontinuity are completely fitting at the start of the test, while if the walls of the discontinuity are completely non-fitting, the tilt-angle equals the friction of the material of the discontinuity walls (tilt-angle = φwall material). If cementation or gluing material is present or asperities break, the tilt-angle represents a combination of the (apparent or real) cohesion and the friction along the discontinuity. If infill material is present, the tilt-angle is governed partially or completely by the infill, depending on the thickness of the infill and height of asperities.

See also
Direct shear test
Triaxial shear test

References

Further reading
 

 

Tests in geotechnical laboratories
Rocks
Tunnel construction
Pennsylvania Water and Power. Pennsylvania Water and Power was an American company. It was the first power plant in the world to combine a hydroelectric generator and a coal power generator on the same site. John Abbet Walls was president.

In 1930 it became a minority shareholder in the Safe Harbor Water and Power Corporation, incorporated in order to construct and operate the Safe Harbor Dam, together with the 2/3rd majority shareholder, the Consolidated Gas Electric Light and Power Company of Baltimore. The dam, lake and generating plant were all constructed and operational within two years. Seven generating units were installed with a total capacity of 230 MW, costing $34 million.

References

American companies established in 1920
Defunct companies based in Pennsylvania
Electric power companies of the United States
Companies with year of disestablishment missing
1920 establishments in Pennsylvania
John Abbet Walls. John Abbet Walls (September 5, 1879 – May 8, 1964) was an American engineer and businessman, notable as president of the Pennsylvania Water and Power Company.

Education
In 1899, he earned a degree in engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, located in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Career
Walls started work at the Niagara Falls Hydraulic Power and Manufacturing Company, located in Niagara Falls, New York.

He became assistant engineer of the Montreal Shawinigan Water and Power Company, located in the Canadian city of Montreal, Quebec, in 1901.

Walls was named chief engineer of the Pennsylvania Water and Power Company. As chief engineer he was involved in dam construction. He was later president of the company.

See also

 List of electrical engineers
 List of Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
 List of people from Montreal
 List of people from Niagara Falls, New York
 List of people from Pennsylvania

References

American electrical engineers
American energy industry executives
1879 births
1964 deaths
American expatriates in Canada
Businesspeople from Montreal
Businesspeople from New York (state)
Businesspeople from Pennsylvania
MIT School of Engineering alumni
People from Niagara Falls, New York
20th-century American businesspeople
20th-century American engineers
Nelson H-44. The Nelson H-44 is an American single ignition, four-cylinder, horizontally opposed, direct drive, two-stroke aircraft engine that was developed by the Nelson Engine Company for use in motorgliders.

Design and development
The H-44 was designed in the period following the Second World War and a specially designed motor glider was created by Hawley Bowlus to utilize the engine, the Bowlus/Nelson Dragonfly.

The engine was not certified. Under the CAR 5 regulations then in place in the US for gliders, a certified auxiliary power glider could be flown with a non-certified engine and propeller. The engine is instead described on the Dragonfly type certificate.

The four-cylinder engine runs on a 12:1 mixture of 80 octane gasoline and SAE 30 oil. It is equipped with a single Carter WA1 carburetor and a recoil starter.

Operational history
Employed in the Dragonfly the H-44 proved underpowered, which led to the design of the H-49 version. The engine family was not a success and few were produced.

Variants
H-44
Original design with a  bore and  stroke, producing  at 3900 rpm.
H-49
Upgraded design with E-225 cylinders giving a  bore and  stroke, producing  at 4000 rpm.

Applications
Bowlus/Nelson Dragonfly

Specifications (H-44)

See also

References

Air-cooled aircraft piston engines
Nelson aircraft engines
Two-stroke aircraft piston engines
BARREL. Balloon Array for Radiation-belt Relativistic Electron Losses (BARREL, sometimes called Balloon Array for RBSP Relativistic Electron Losses) was a NASA mission operated out of Dartmouth College that worked with the Van Allen Probes mission (formerly known as the Radiation Belt Storm Probes, or RBSP, mission). The BARREL project launched a series of high-altitude balloons during four science campaigns: January–February 2013 in Antarctica, December 2013–February 2014 in Antarctica, August 2015 in Sweden, and August 2016 in Sweden. Unlike the football-field-sized balloons typically launched at the Poles, these were each just  in diameter.

The last balloon was launched August 30, 2016. During the BARREL program, a total of 45 balloon payloads were built, and eight test flights and 55 science flights were carried out.

Scientific Objectives
BARREL helped study the Van Allen radiation belts and why they wax and wane over time. Each BARREL balloon carried instruments to measure particles ejected from the belts which make it down to Earth's atmosphere.  By comparing such data to that of the Van Allen Probes, which orbit with the belts themselves, the two missions attempted to correlate observations in the radiation belts with the number of particles ejected. This was done to help distinguish between various theories as to what causes electron loss in the belts.

Organization
The principal investigator was Robyn Millan at Dartmouth College. Co-investigator institutions were the University of Washington, U. C. Berkeley, and U. C. Santa Cruz. BARREL was part of NASA's Living With a Star program. Support for the Antarctica balloon campaigns was provided by the National Science Foundation, British Antarctic Survey, and the South African National Antarctic Programme.

References

External links 

 BARREL program  at Dartmouth College
 BARREL program at NASA.gov

Living With a Star
Balloon-borne experiments
Cosmic-ray experiments
Anomatic. Anomatic Corporation manufactures aluminum products, and is a manufacturer of large-quantity aluminum parts for cosmetic companies' packaging including Revlon, Maybelline, Estee Lauder and Mary Kay.

History
Since 1965, Anomatic has been manufacturing items ranging from consumer products such as MP3 players, cookware, and baseball bats to industrial applications such as heat sinks and aerospace/aviation components.

Product lines 
The company produces anodized aluminum packaging for the personal care, makeup, fragrance, automotive, pharmaceutical, health and beauty industries for clients as well as industrial applications.  It is headquartered in New Albany, Ohio with additional US manufacturing locations in Newark, Ohio, Blacklick, Ohio, Naugatuck, Connecticut, and an international facility in Suzhou, China.  Anomatic’s services include package design, rapid 3D prototyping, metal forming, anodizing, decorating, assembly, and metallization.

Environmental policies
The company has implemented a sustainability plan to reduce energy, waste, water and air pollution as well as recycle and reuse materials. In 2010, Anomatic announced the formation of the Sustainability and Environmental Operations Group which works to expand the company’s sustainable and green operations through Lean, Six Sigma and GMP.

References

Manufacturing companies based in Ohio
Manufacturing companies established in 1966
1966 establishments in Ohio
Journal of Experimental Nanoscience. The Journal of Experimental Nanoscience is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering original (primary) research and review articles on all aspects of nanoscience. It is published bimonthly by Taylor & Francis. The editor-in-chief is Nick Quirke (Imperial College).

Scope 
The Journal of Experimental Nanoscience covers research in the experimental sciences related to nanotechnology and nanomaterials, in research areas such as biology, physics, chemistry, chemical engineering, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, materials, pharmaceuticals, and medicine.

Abstracting and indexing 
Journal of Experimental Nanoscience is abstracted and indexed in:
 Chemical Abstracts Service
 Science Citation Index
 Web of Science
 Scopus
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 3.075.

References

External links 
 

Taylor & Francis academic journals
Academic journals established in 2006
English-language journals
Bimonthly journals
Nanotechnology journals
Virtual agent. Virtual agent may refer to:

Computing and technology
 A virtual agent, a specialized software agent that interacts with humans in a human-agent team
 Virtual assistant
 Intelligent agent, in artificial intelligence
 Dialogue system
 Pedagogical agent
 Chatbot, a software robot

Other uses
 Virtual assistant (occupation), a person offering remote service

See also 
 Virtual actor
 Virtual character (disambiguation)
 Virtual friend (disambiguation)
 Virtual human (disambiguation)
Mining rock mass rating. Within geotechnical engineering, Laubscher developed the Mining Rock Mass Rating (MRMR) system by modifying the Rock Mass Rating (RMR) system of Z. T. Bieniawski. In the MRMR system the stability and support are determined with the following equations:

RMR = IRS + RQD + spacing + condition

in which:
RMR = Laubschers Rock Mass Rating
IRS = Intact Rock Strength
RQD = Rock Quality Designation
spacing = expression for the spacing of discontinuities
condition = condition of discontinuities (parameter also dependent on groundwater presence, pressure, or quantity of groundwater inflow in the underground excavation)

MRMR = RMR * adjustment factors
in which:
adjustment factors = factors to compensate for: the method of excavation, orientation of discontinuities and excavation, induced stresses, and future weathering

The parameters to calculate the RMR value are similar to those used in the RMR system of Bieniawski. This may be confusing, as some of the parameters in the MRMR system are modified, such as the condition parameter that includes groundwater presence and pressure in the MRMR system whereas groundwater is a separate parameter in the RMR system of Bieniawski. The number of classes for the parameters and the detail of the description of the parameters are also more extensive than in the RMR system of Bieniawski.

The adjustment factors depend on future (susceptibility to) weathering, stress environment, orientation,

The combination of values of RMR and MRMR determines the so-called reinforcement potential. A rock mass with a high RMR before the adjustment factors are applied has a high reinforcement potential, and can be reinforced by, for example, rock bolts, whatever the MRMR value might be after excavation. Contrariwise, rock bolts are not a suitable reinforcement for a rock mass with a low RMR (i.e. has a low reinforcement potential).

Laubscher uses a graph for the spacing parameter. The parameter is dependent on a maximum of three discontinuity sets that determine the size and the form of the rock blocks. The condition parameter is determined by the discontinuity set with the most adverse influence on the stability.

The concept of adjustment factors for the rock mass before and after excavation is very attractive. This allows for compensation of local variations, which may be present at the location of the rock mass observed, but might not be present at the location of the proposed excavation or vice versa. In addition, this allows for quantification of the influence of excavation and excavation induced stresses, excavation methods, and the influence of past and future weathering of the rock mass.

See also 
 Core recovery parameters
 Geotechnical engineering
 Hoek-Brown failure criterion
 Rock mass classification

References

Further reading

Rock mass classification
Burnelli GX-3. The Burnelli GX-3, also known as Uppercu-Burnelli UB-SS. was an American twin-engined, mid-wing experimental aircraft which first flew in 1929. Work commenced on this aircraft during development of the Burnelli CB-16. Soon after, Daniel Guggenheim announced the Guggenheim Safe Aircraft Competition. Many manufacturers brought aircraft to this competition. The GX-3 was built in New Jersey, but did not arrive at the competition in time to participate. However, it was reported to have good short take-off and landing capabilities and was able to operate at 200 km/h. The GX-3 had wings which were able to change their shape using flaps. The front wheels were smaller than the rear ones, and the aircraft was powered by two  engines. The pilots sat in an open cockpit. The aircraft also incorporated Burnelli's lifting-body feature.

Specifications

References

Levy, Howard and Richard Riding. "Burnelli's Lifting Fuselages". Aeroplane Monthly. April 1980, S. 173f.

1920s United States experimental aircraft
Lifting bodies
GX-3
Mid-wing aircraft
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1929
Journal of Chemical Crystallography. The Journal of Chemical Crystallography is a peer-reviewed scientific journal publishing original (primary) research and review articles on crystallography and spectroscopy. It is published monthly by Springer Science+Business Media.

The editor-in-chief of Journal of Chemical Crystallography is W.T. Pennington. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 0.603.

Scope
The Journal of Chemical Crystallography covers crystal chemistry and physics and their relation to problems of molecular structure; structural studies of solids, liquids, gases, and solutions involving spectroscopic, spectrometric, X-ray, and electron and neutron diffraction; and theoretical studies.

Abstracting and indexing 
Journal of Chemical Crystallography is abstracted and indexed in the following databases:
 Chemical Abstracts Service - CASSI
 Science Citation Index - Web of Science
 Scopus
 GeoRef
 EMBiology

References

External links
 

Monthly journals
Springer Science+Business Media academic journals
Chemistry journals
English-language journals
Crystallography journals
Academic journals established in 1971
Richard W. DeWitt. Richard Willis DeWitt (June 25, 1838 – September 16, 1909) was a Union Army soldier during the American Civil War. He received the Medal of Honor for gallantry during the Siege of Vicksburg on May 22, 1863.

Union assault
On May 22, 1863, General Ulysses S. Grant ordered an assault on the Confederate heights at Vicksburg, Mississippi. The plan called for a storming party of volunteers to build a bridge across a moat and plant scaling ladders against the enemy embankment in advance of the main attack.
The volunteers knew the odds were against survival and the mission was called, in nineteenth century vernacular, a "forlorn hope". Only single men were accepted as volunteers and even then, twice as many men as needed came forward and were turned away. The assault began in the early morning following a naval bombardment.

The Union soldiers came under enemy fire immediately and were pinned down in the ditch they were to cross. Despite repeated attacks by the main Union body, the men of the forlorn hope were unable to retreat until nightfall. Of the 150 men in the storming party, nearly half were killed.  Seventy-nine of the survivors were awarded the Medal of Honor.

Medal of Honor citation
For gallantry in the charge of the volunteer storming party on 22 May 1863.

See also
List of Medal of Honor recipients
List of American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients: A–F
Battle of Vicksburg 
47th Ohio Infantry

Notes

References

External links

A Forlorn Hope
Vicksburg Medal of Honor Recipients
 Ohio Medal of Honor Recipients

1838 births
1909 deaths
Union army soldiers
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
People of Ohio in the American Civil War
American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor
Burials at Oxford Cemetery, Oxford, Ohio