omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Combined diesel and diesel. Combined diesel and diesel (CODAD) is a propulsion system for ships using two diesel engines to power a single propeller shaft.

System

A gearbox and clutches enable either of the engines or both of them together to drive the shaft.  Two advantages over simply using a single, larger diesel engine of the same total power output are that (1) diesel engines have somewhat better specific fuel consumption at 75% to 85% max output than they do at only 50% output, and (2) there is a weight and size advantage to using two higher-speed engines compared to a single lower-speed engine, even with the slightly larger gearbox system.

CODAD vessels 

Passenger and Car Ferry Ships
 M/F Povl Anker

Containerships
 MV ACX Crystal

Coast Guard Offshore General-Purpose Cutters
 Iwami-class patrol vessel
 Shiretoko-class patrol vessel
 Tanjung Datu-class patrol vessel

Coast Guard Offshore Security Patrol Cutters
 Mizuho-class patrol vessel
 Ojika-class patrol vessel

Coast Guard Multi-mission Cutters
 Kunigami-class patrol vessel
 Teresa Magbanua-class patrol vessel

Coast Guard Interceptor Cutters
 Aso-class patrol vessel
 Hateruma-class patrol vessel
 Hida-class patrol vessel
 Anping-class cutter
 Tsurugi-class patrol vessel

Coast Guard Security Cutters
 Heritage-class cutter
 Mizuho (PLH-41)
 Shikishima-class patrol vessel

Patrol Corvettes / Navy OPVs
 Guaicamacuto-class patrol boat
 Kedah-class offshore patrol vessel

Corvettes
 Bung Karno-class corvette
 Bung Tomo-class corvette
 Diponegoro-class corvette
 Doha-class corvette
 Jacinto-class corvette
 Kasturi-class corvette
 Laksamana-class corvette
 Parchim-class corvette
 Steregushchiy-class corvette
 Tuo Chiang-class corvette
 Type 056 corvette

Frigates
 Formidable-class frigate
 Frégates de taille intermédiaire
 Jose Rizal-class frigate
 La Fayette-class frigate
 Lekiu-class frigate
 Maharaja Lela-class frigate
 Miguel Malvar-class frigate
 RN Type-31 Inspiration-class
 Tamandaré-class frigate
 Type 054A frigate

LSDs (landing ships, dock)
 Whidbey Island-class dock landing ship

LPDs (landing platforms, dock)
 Endurance-class landing platform dock
 Galicia-class landing platform dock
 Makassar-class landing platform dock
 Tarlac-class landing platform dock

Amphibious Flat-topped Ships
 Dokdo-class amphibious assault ship
 Ōsumi-class dock landing ship

FACs (fast attack-craft)
 Clurit-class fast attack craft
 Cyclone-class coastal patrol ship
 Sampari-class fast attack craft

Cruise Ships
 MV Piano Land (formerly MV Oriana)

References

Marine propulsion
Marine diesel engines
Canadian Society for Civil Engineering. The Canadian Society for Civil Engineering (CSCE) () was founded in 1887 as the Canadian Society of Civil Engineers, renamed in 1918 as the Engineering Institute of Canada (EIC), and re-established in June 1972 as a member society of the EIC under the slightly different but current name. It promotes advances in the field of civil engineering including geotechnical engineering, structural engineering, hydrotechnical engineering, environmental engineering, transportation engineering and surveying and geomatics engineering. Members who are professional civil engineers are usually categorized and may use the post nominals as associates (AMCSCE), members (MCSCE) or fellows (FCSCE). The grade of "Fellow" is achieved through election by one's peers within the CSCE. 

There are also student chapters of the Canadian Society for Civil Engineering at many universities throughout the country including the University of Toronto, University of Waterloo, McGill University and the University of British Columbia.

In the year 2019, the CSCE named its best paper award in construction after Osama Moselhi. Moselhi Best Paper Award is offered every two years in the construction specialty conference.

References

External links 
 

Professional associations based in Canada
Civil engineering professional associations
Glasflügel 303. The Glasflügel 303 Mosquito is a composite 15 metre Class single-seat sailplane manufactured by Glasflügel between 1976 and 1980.

Design and development
Designed for the 15 metre racing class, the Mosquito married the Standard Class Hornet fuselage with a flapped wing employing the then widely-used FX 67-K-170 airfoil developed at the University of Stuttgart by Professor Franz Wortmann. The Mosquito had a new design of one-piece canopy rather than the two-piece canopy used on the Hornet.

This profile and its sister profile FX 67-K-150 are among the most prolific in the history of gliding, as they were employed also in the Nimbus-2, Mini-Nimbus, DG-200 and DG-400, PIK-20, Kestrel, Mosquito, Vega, Jantar and LAK-12 among other types.

The 303 wing featured innovative interconnected trailing edge dive brakes-variable camber flaps. The glider had automatic connection for all controls: ailerons, elevator, air brakes and water ballast.
The Mosquito also uses a pneumatic tail wheel rather than a skid. It was available with a tow release in both the nose and near the centre of gravity; in-flight adjustable rudder pedals and seat back. A lever bar to aid in assembly was also employed. A larger than common retractable main wheel with drum brake is also a nice feature, however the brake lever located in the seat pan behind the joy stick is slightly inconvenient. This main wheel brake lever was deleted in favor of rudder pedal heel brake actuation in the B model.

The maiden flight of the Mosquito took place in 1976. It is by all accounts a nice-handling, comfortable and pleasing aircraft, but a little less performing than the contemporaneous Rolladen-Schneider LS3 and ASW 20. Therefore, the Mosquito (and the Schempp-Hirth Mini-Nimbus that shares the same wing) did not do well in top-level competition, neither did it find the large commercial success of the Libelle. The Mosquito was superseded in 1980 by the Glasflügel 304.

Aircraft on display
US Southwest Soaring Museum

Specifications

See also

References

Citations

Bibliography
Thomas F, Fundamentals of Sailplane Design, College Park Press, 1999
Simons M, Segelflugzeuge 1965-2000, Eqip, 2004
Glasflugel Mosquito serial number 70 flight manual

External links

Johnson R, A Flight Test Evaluation of the Mosquito, Soaring, August 1979

1970s German sailplanes
Glasflügel aircraft
T-tail aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1976
Wetted area. In fluid dynamics, the wetted area is the surface area that interacts with the working fluid or gas.

 In maritime use, the wetted area is the area of the watercraft's hull which is immersed in water. This has a direct relationship on the overall hydrodynamic drag of the ship or submarine.
 In aeronautics, the wetted area is the area which is in contact with the external airflow. This has a direct relationship on the overall aerodynamic drag of the aircraft. See also: Wetted aspect ratio.
 In motorsport, such as Formula One, the term wetted surfaces is used to refer to the bodywork, wings and the radiator, which are in direct contact with the airflow, similarly to the term's use in aeronautics.

References 

Intake Aerodynamics (October 1999) by Seddon and Goldsmith, Blackwell Science and the AIAA Educational Series; 2nd edition

Naval architecture
Aerodynamics
Waterline length. A vessel's length at the waterline (abbreviated to L.W.L) is the length of a ship or boat at the level where it sits in the water (the waterline). The LWL will be shorter than the length of the boat overall (length overall or LOA) as most boats have bows and stern protrusions that make the LOA greater than the LWL. As a ship becomes more loaded, it will sit lower in the water and its ambient waterline length may change; but the registered L.W.L is measured from a default load condition.

Measurement 
This measure is significant in determining several of a vessel's properties, such as how much water it displaces, where the bow and stern waves occur, hull speed, amount of bottom-paint needed, etc. Traditionally, a stripe called the "boot top" is painted around the hull just above the waterline.

In sailing boats, longer waterline length will usually enable a greater maximum speed, because it allows greater sail area, without increasing beam or draft. Greater beam and draft produces a larger wetted surface, thereby causing higher hull drag. In particular, any "displacement" or non-planing boat requires much greater power to accelerate beyond its hull speed, which is determined by the length of the waterline, and can be calculated using the formula: Vmax (in knots) = square root of LWL (in feet) x 1.34. The hull speed is the speed at which the wavelength of the bow wave stretches out to the length of the waterline, thus dropping the boat into a hollow between the two waves. While small boats like canoes can overcome this effect fairly easily, heavier sailboats cannot.

Usage history 

Since waterline length provides a practical limit for the speed of a typical sailboat, traditional rules for racing sailboats often classed boats using waterline length as a principal measure. To get around this rule, designers in the early 20th century began building racing sailboats with long overhangs fore and aft. This resulted in a nominally shorter waterline, but when the boats were sailed they heeled over, pulling the sides of the overhangs into the water as well and creating a much longer effective waterline, and thereby achieving much greater speed. The first recorded use of a line (documented by New Jersey marine museum) is by the small and rather unknown naval fleet of Thomas Jefferson.

See also
Length between perpendiculars

Notes

References
 
 

Nautical terminology
Shipbuilding
Ship measurements
The Journal of Physical Chemistry B. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers research on several fields of material chemistry (macromolecules, soft matter, and surfactants) as well as statistical mechanics, thermodynamics, and biophysical chemistry.  It has been published weekly since 1997 by the American Chemical Society. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal had an impact factor of 3.5 for 2023.

Due to the growing amount of research in the fields it covers, the journal was split into two at the beginning of 2007, with The Journal of Physical Chemistry C specializing in nanostructures, the structures and properties of surfaces and interfaces, electronics, and related topics.

List of editors-in-chief 
The following persons have been editor-in-chief:
 1997–2005 Mostafa El-Sayed
 2005–2019 George C. Schatz
 2020–Present Joan-Emma Shea

See also 
 The Journal of Physical Chemistry A
 The Journal of Physical Chemistry C
 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters

External links

References 

American Chemical Society academic journals
Weekly journals
English-language journals
Academic journals established in 1997
Physical chemistry journals
Evolver (software). Evolver is a software package that allows users to solve a wide variety of optimization problems using a genetic algorithm. Launched in 1989, it was the first commercially available genetic algorithm package for personal computers, and is part of the permanent collection at the Computer History Museum. The program was originally created by Matthew Jensen at Axcelis, Inc., and updated by Ayanna Howard. Evolver was acquired by Palisade Corporation, who continues to upgrade and sell the software to this day.

External links 
 Evolver official page
 Axcelis, Inc. New York Times Article

Evolutionary algorithms software
Aurel Persu. Aurel Persu (26 December 1890 – 5 May 1977) was a Romanian engineer and pioneer car designer, the first to place the wheels inside the body of the car as part of his attempt to reach the perfect aerodynamic shape for automobiles. He came to the conclusion that the perfectly aerodynamic automobile must have the shape of a falling water drop, taking it one step further toward that shape than the car Austrian Edmund Rumpler had presented in Berlin in 1921.

Patented aerodynamic design
Persu, a specialist in airplanes aerodynamics and dynamics, implemented his idea in 1922–1923 in Berlin, building an automobile with an incredibly low drag coefficient of 0.28 (same as a modern Porsche Carrera) or even 0.22 (still rare among modern production cars), depending on the source. This drag coefficient was far better that the 0.8–1.0 common with automobiles used at that time. This allowed for the fuel consumption to decrease. It was the first car to have the wheels inside its aerodynamic line, which we take for granted today. This was Persu's main innovation compared to the 1921 Rumpler Tropfenwagen ("drop car") of Austrian engineer Edmund Rumpler. Persu's design received German patent number 402683 in 1924 and US patent 1648505 in 1927.

Technical museum
The original automobile ran for . Aurel Persu donated it fully functional in 1961 to the Dimitrie Leonida Technical Museum in Bucharest where it has since been on display.

Derivative car designs
The original design work of Aurel Persu inspired future iconic American car designs:
 Aptera
 Dymaxion car, designed by Buckminster Fuller

See also
Streamliner: Automobiles – for overview of early aerodynamic automobiles

Other early "teardrop" cars, chronologically
Rumpler Tropfenwagen (1921), first aerodynamic "teardrop" car to be designed and serially produced (about 100 units built)
Stout Scarab (1932–35, 1946), US
Dymaxion car (1933), US
Schlörwagen (1939), German prototype, never produced

Notes and references

External links
Streamline Power Vehicle United States Patent US1648505

20th-century Romanian engineers
20th-century Romanian inventors
1977 deaths
1890 births
Frank Emerson. Frank Collins Emerson (May 26, 1882February 18, 1931) was an American engineer and politician from Wyoming. He was the 15th Governor of Wyoming from January 3, 1927, until his death.

Biography
Frank C. Emerson was born in Saginaw, Michigan on May 26, 1882. He graduated from the University of Michigan in 1904 with a Bachelor of Science degree in Civil Engineering.

After graduating from college, Emerson relocated to Cora, Wyoming, where he became chief engineer of the Wyoming Land and Irrigation Company. He later worked for other corporations, including the Big Horn Canal Association, Lower Hanover Canal Association, Wyoming Sugar Company, and Worland Drainage District. 

From 1919 to 1926, Emerson served as Wyoming State Engineer. In this post, Emerson was one of the main proponents of the Colorado River Compact.

In 1923, Governor William B. Ross removed Emerson from the state engineer's post. Emerson sued, and after a 10-month court fight he was reinstated. 

Ross died in late 1924 and was succeeded first by Frank Lucas, then by Ross's widow Nellie Tayloe Ross, who won the 1924 special election to complete her husband's term and became the first woman governor in the United States.

In 1926, Emerson won the Republican nomination for governor and he defeated Nellie Ross in the general election. He was reelected in 1930, and served from January 1927 until his death from pneumonia in Cheyenne, Wyoming on February 18, 1931. He was buried at Lakeview Cemetery in Cheyenne.

Emerson was married to Zennia Jean Reynders. They were the parents of three children.

References

External links
 Frank C. Emerson papers at the American Heritage Center
 Frank C. Emerson at Wyoming Archives

1882 births
1931 deaths
20th-century American engineers
Republican Party governors of Wyoming
Politicians from Saginaw, Michigan
University of Michigan College of Engineering alumni
20th-century Wyoming politicians
Pi Tau Sigma. Pi Tau Sigma () is an international honor society in the field of mechanical engineering, with most chapters established in the United States. It honors mechanical engineering students who have exemplified the "principles of scholarship, character and service..." in the mechanical engineering profession.

History 
Pi Tau Sigma came into being on March 16, 1915, at the University of Illinois. A similar organization was formed November 15, 1915, at the University of Wisconsin. The two schools then met to join their societies, doing so in Chicago on March 12, 1916. To date, 167 chapters have been inducted into the organization throughout the United States, with 157 still active.

Membership 
Both undergraduate and graduate students are eligible to join Pi Tau Sigma based on academic achievement. Juniors in the top 25% of their class and seniors in the top 35% of their class, based on grades, are invited to join.  Membership fees are due at initiation, and membership lasts a lifetime.

Pi Tau Sigma members are chosen on a basis of sound engineering ability, scholarship, personality, and probable future success in their chosen field of mechanical engineering. There are three grades of membership: Honorary, Graduate, and Active. Honorary members are technical graduates actively engaged in engineering work, or members of mechanical engineering faculties. Graduate membership is conferred upon persons who would have been eligible had Pi Tau Sigma been established earlier in schools not having chapters, or upon those continuing graduate study. Active members are selected from the junior and senior mechanical engineering classes at their respective schools whose mechanical engineering curriculum must be accredited by the A.B.E.T.

Insignia 
The colors of the society are murrey and azure. The flower is the white rose.

References 

Association of College Honor Societies
Honor societies
Engineering honor societies
Student organizations established in 1915
1915 establishments in Illinois
Frank Crossman. Frank Crossman is an engineer and a member of the National Research Council, where he served on the National Materials Advisory Board. Crossman spent over thirty years working at Lockheed Martin. He is also active in the Mars Society, and is the co-editor with Robert Zubrin of two books of essays and articles related to exploring Mars.

He holds a Ph.D. in Materials Science and Engineering from Stanford University, and lives in Palo Alto, California.

Books co-edited by Frank Crossman
 On to Mars: Colonizing a New World (2002), co-edited with Robert Zubrin, contains articles corresponding to talks presented at the annual conventions of the Mars Society in Boulder, Colorado in 1999, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada in 2000, and at Stanford University, Palo Alto, California in 2001. 
 On to Mars 2: Exploring and Settling a New World (2005), co-edited with Robert Zubrin, contains over 130 articles corresponding to talks presented at the annual conventions of the Mars Society in Boulder in 2002, in Eugene, Oregon in 2003, and in Chicago, Illinois in 2004.

References 

21st-century American engineers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
DRDA. Distributed Relational Database Architecture (DRDA) is a database interoperability standard from The Open Group.

DRDA describes the architecture for distributed relational databases. It defines the rules for accessing the distributed data, but it does not provide the actual application programming interfaces (APIs) to perform the access. It was first used in DB2 2.3.

DRDA was designed by a work group within IBM in the period 1988 to 1994. The messages, protocols, and structural components of DRDA are defined by the Distributed Data Management Architecture.

Components
 Application Requester (AR). The AR accepts SQL requests from an application and sends them to the appropriate application servers for processing. Using this function, application programs can access remote data.
 Application Server (AS). The AS receives requests from application requesters and processes them. The AS acts upon the portions that can be processed and forwards the remainder to database servers for subsequent processing. The AR and the AS communicate through a protocol called the Application Support Protocol which handles data representation conversion.
 Database Server (DS). The DS receives requests from AS or other DS servers. The DS supports distributed requests and will forward parts of the request to collaborating DS in order to fulfill the request. The AS and the DS among themselves communicate through a protocol called the Database Support Protocol.

Databases supporting DRDA
 Apache Derby (Java RDBMS)
 IBM Db2
 Informix Dynamic Server v11.10
 Oracle Database Gateway for DRDA -  enables Oracle database to act as a DRDA client, accessing remote non-Oracle databases (primarily DB2)
 Oracle Database Provider for DRDA - enables Oracle database to act as a DRDA server, providing Oracle database access to remote clients  (e.g. IBM i systems using DB2/400 DRDA client library)

External links
 The OpenGroup - DRDA Protocol description 

Open Group standards
SQL data access
Application layer protocols
Database access protocols
Terzaghi Dam. Terzaghi Dam is the key diversion dam in BC Hydro's Bridge River Power Project. It forms the project's largest reservoir, Carpenter Lake west of Lillooet. Originally known as the Mission Dam, it was renamed Terzaghi Dam in 1965 to honor Karl von Terzaghi, the civil engineer who founded the science of soil mechanics. It is located about 30 km up the Bridge River from its confluence with the Fraser.

It stands at the head of the Big Canyon of the Bridge River, completely blocking the river, which is diverted through two tunnels through Mission Mountain to a pair of powerhouses on Seton Lake. The difference in elevation between Carpenter Lake, the reservoir formed by Terzaghi Dam, and the two powerhouses on Seton Lake is c. 410 m, which in combination with the flow of the entire Bridge River generates 480 megawatts in electrical power.

Completed in the 1950s, it was the expansion of a concept first launched in the 1920s by the Bridge River Power Development Co. but abandoned due to rising costs and collapsed investments as a result of the Great Depression. It was later resumed by BC Electric during the post-war boom after World War II and a first diversion and powerhouse completed in 1948 (180MW), the second in 1960 (300MW).

Projects organizing timed releases of water through Terzaghi Dam to enable fish-spawning ecology in the nearly-dry Bridge River below the dam are underway.

See also
Minto City, British Columbia
Shalalth, British Columbia

References

External links
BC Hydro Bridge River Project
BC Hydro Bridge River Recreation Sites
Bridge River-Lillooet Archive Terzaghi Dam Page (vintage photos)

Dams in British Columbia
Bridge River Country
BC Hydro
Publicly owned dams in Canada