omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
City of Norwich Aviation Museum. The City of Norwich Aviation Museum is a volunteer-run museum and charitable trust dedicated to the preservation of the aviation history of the county of Norfolk, England.  The museum is located on the northern edge of Norwich International Airport and is reached by road through the village of Horsham St Faith.

History
In 2016, a number of aircraft had to be moved to make room for the Northern Distributor Road. Although part of the museum property was given up for the road, the footprint of the museum grew slightly due to a land swap.

The museum welcomed EI-RJN, a 21-year old Avro RJ85, formerly operated by CityJet, as an exhibit in October 2020. The jet had to be lifted over the Northern Distributor Road by crane.

The museum acquired the collections of the Fenland and West Norfolk Aviation Museum in 2022 when the latter closed. At the same time, it began building a new  expansion called Fenland Hall to house the collection.

Collection

Aircraft on display

 Avro RJ85 ‘’EI-RJN / E2351’’ 
 Avro Vulcan B.2 XM612
 Blackburn Buccaneer S.1 XN967 – cockpit section only
 Cessna 401 G-OVNE
 Dassault Mystère IVA 121
 English Electric Canberra B.15 WH984 – cockpit section only
 English Electric Lightning F.53 53-686/53-700
 Evans VP-2 G-BTAZ
 Fokker F27-200 Friendship G-BCDN
 Fokker F27-600P Friendship G-BHMY
 Gloster Meteor F.8 WK654
 Gloster Meteor NF.11 WM267 – cockpit section only
 Handley Page Dart Herald G-ASKK
 Hawker Siddeley Harrier T.4N XW268 – restoration in progress
 Hawker Hunter F.6A XG172 – painted as Royal Air Force XG168
 Hawker Hunter Mk.51 E-409 – painted as Royal Air Force XE683
 Hawker Siddeley Nimrod MRA.2 XV255
 Lockheed T-33 51-6718
 McDonnell Douglas Phantom FGR.2 XV426 – cockpit section only
 SOCATA Rallye MS.880B Rallye G-ASAT
 SEPECAT Jaguar GR.1 XX109
 Supermarine Scimitar – CIM cockpit
 Westland Whirlwind HAR.10 XP355
 Piper PA-23-250 Aztec G-AYMO

Indoor displays

 100 Group Royal Air Force
 The Royal Air Force in Norfolk 
 USAAF Eighth Army Air Force
 The USAAF 2d Air Division
 The USAAF 458th Bombardment Group
 RAF Horsham St Faith
 RAF Marham 
 RAF Coltishall
 RAF Sculthorpe
 RAF Swanton Morley
 No. 68 Squadron RAF
 Norwich Int'l Airport

Engines on display

 Rolls-Royce Avon partially sectioned
 Allison Model 250-C20B partially sectioned
 Allison J33
 Rolls-Royce Derwent RB.37 Mk.8
 Rolls-Royce Gnome H1000
 Rolls-Royce Dart RDa.7
 Rolls-Royce RB.183 Tay 620-15
 Rolls-Royce Nene manufactured by Hispano-Suiza 106/104C
 Rolls-Royce Merlin
 Rolls-Royce Turbomeca Adour RB.172/T.260 Mk.8
 Rolls-Royce Pegasus
 Turbo-Union RB199 Mk.103
 Bristol Hercules
 Armstrong Siddeley Cheetah
 Alvis Leonides

See also
List of Norfolk airfields

References

External links

Museum website

Aerospace museums in England
Military aviation museums in England
Museums in Norwich
RMI-IIOP. RMI-IIOP (read as "RMI over IIOP") denotes the Java Remote Method Invocation (RMI) interface over the Internet Inter-Orb Protocol (IIOP), which delivers Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) distributed computing capabilities to the Java platform. It was initially based on two specifications: the Java Language Mapping to OMG IDL, and CORBA/IIOP 2.3.1.

With features inherited from CORBA, software components that work together can be written in multiple computer languages and run on multiple computers. In other words, it supports multiple platforms and can make remote procedure calls to execute, subroutines on another computer as defined by RMI.

History 
The Java RMI-IIOP specification was created to simplify the development of CORBA applications, while preserving all major benefits. It was developed by Sun Microsystems and IBM, combining features of Java RMI technology with features of CORBA technology.

Specification 

RMI-IIOP uses generated code for remote objects and does not require supplementary classes for non-trivial data, unlike CORBA. This results in less complexity and a smaller footprint.  Both CORBA and RMI-IIOP utilize the General Inter-ORB Protocol communication standard. 

RMI-IIOP is largely based on the Object by Value concept that serves as a container or direct replacement for CORBA structures, unions, sequences, arrays and strings. No separate IDL is necessary. Instead, the data structure definitions are discovered automatically via reflection mechanisms.  However, it is possible to generate the IDL definitions for the involved RMI-IIOP data structures and use these definitions to exercise finer control between RMI-IIOP and CORBA communicating partners.

Recent versions of RMI-IIOP derive their servants from the standard Servant class. Hence, it is possible to connect them to a CORBA ORB manually, involving one or more of Portable Object Adapters, Portable Interceptors, CORBA naming services, along with other standard CORBA features.

References

External links 
ORACLE Java SE Documentation — RMI-IIOP

Common Object Request Broker Architecture
Java platform
TERPROM. TERPROM (terrain profile matching) is a military navigation Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) employed on aircraft and missiles, which uses stored digital elevation data combined with navigation system and radar altimeter inputs to compute the location of an aircraft or missile above the surface of the Earth. It is also used as a warning system to prevent aircraft from flying too close to the ground. The acronym TERPROM has become a trademark in its own right.

TERPROM was initially conceived in 1977 within the Bristol-based Guided Weapons New Projects Office of British Aerospace as a private venture project. The private venture status continued until the mid-1980s. British Aerospace later received a MoD funded contract to advise the Government on the development options and applications of tactical cruise missiles. 

TERPROM utilises Terrain Referenced Navigation to provide aircraft with a Predictive Ground Collision Avoidance System (PGCAS) as well as Obstruction Warning and Cueing (OWC)

TERPROM is produced by Atlantic Inertial Systems, Plymouth, UK, formerly a subsidiary of BAE Systems, acquired in December 2009 by Goodrich Corporation, itself bought by United Technologies Corporation in 2012 branded as Collins Aerospace. As of 2020, the company merged with Raytheon to become Raytheon Technologies (RTX).

TERPROM has been fitted, and used operationally, on the following platforms:
 F-16, Mirage 2000, Harrier, SEPECAT Jaguar, Panavia Tornado, A-10, Eurofighter Typhoon, BAE Hawk, C-130 and C-17 aircraft
 Storm Shadow cruise missile, although Storm Shadow uses a different form of Terrain Profile Matching navigation and terrain avoidance system, developed by MBDA from the flight-proven TERPROM design and development by British Aerospace at Bristol.

Customised versions are available for fixed wing fast jet, fixed wing transport, rotary wing and missile platforms.

References

External links 
 Official Website

Missile guidance
Military electronics of the United Kingdom
Military equipment introduced in the 1980s
Media Lab Europe's social robots. Joe Robot and Anthropos were social robots at Media Lab Europe. They were developed to aid in research on anthropomorphism and to explore the illusion of life and intelligence during the development of a meaningful social interaction between artificial systems and people. As artificial systems enter our social space, we will inherently project/impose our interpretation on their actions similar to the techniques we employ in rationalising, for example, a pet's behaviour. This propensity to anthropomorphise should not be seen as a hindrance to social system development, but rather a useful mechanism that requires judicious examination and employment in social system research. A fundamental balance between function and form for human-robot interaction is necessary.

References
Duffy, B.R., "Anthropomorphism and The Social Robot", Special Issue on Socially Interactive Robots, Robotics and Autonomous Systems 42 (3-4), 31 March 2003, pp170–190

External links
The Anthropos Project

Prototype robots
Social robots
Electronic hardware. Electronic hardware consists of interconnected electronic components which perform analog or logic operations on received and locally stored information to produce as output or store resulting new information or to provide control for output actuator mechanisms.

Electronic hardware can range from individual chips/circuits to distributed information processing systems. Well designed electronic hardware is composed of hierarchies of functional modules which inter-communicate via precisely defined interfaces.

Hardware logic is primarily a differentiation of the data processing circuitry from other more generalized circuitry. For example nearly all computers include a power supply which consists of circuitry not involved in data processing but rather powering the data processing circuits. Similarly, a computer may output information to a computer monitor or audio amplifier which is also not involved in the computational processes.

See also
 Digital electronics

References

Electronic engineering
Cutaway (industrial). A cutaway, in the industrial sense, refers to the display of a manufactured product, (an engine, a pump, a regulator, etc. . .) where a portion of the exterior housing has been removed to reveal the internal components, (pistons, bearings, seals, etc. . .) and their relationship to the functionality of the product.

Cutaways are typically used in product training, trade show environments, museum displays and for many additional applications. Cutaways are produced using a variety of methods by the manufacturer, by a cutaway service company, as mentioned above, or by an experienced machine shop.

While 3D modeling and CAD (computer-aided drafting) programs continue to improve and bring more features and benefits, the cutaway will continue to show the product as it appears in the real world, using actual parts and components to show relationships and functionality.

See also 
 Cutaway drawing

References

Industrial design
Glass Packaging Institute. The Glass Packaging Institute (GPI) is the North American trade association for the glass container industry, headquartered in Arlington, Virginia. Through GPI, glass container manufacturers advocate job preservation and industry standards, and promote sound energy, environmental, and recycling policies.

Organization
The GPI membership consists of 5 glass container manufacturing member companies, and 27 supplier member companies, who provide raw materials, recycled glass, equipment, decorating, and other services to the glass companies. The country's 41 glass container plants in 20 states comprise a $5.5 billion industry. U.S. glass container manufacturers operate 102 glass furnaces, collectively producing 30 billion glass food, beverage, cosmetic, spirits, wine, and beer containers annually. The U.S. glass container industry directly employs approximately 16,500 nationwide, and its supplier and customer companies support hundreds of thousands of additional jobs. 

GPI's board of trustees is the core decision-making body in the organization. It is made up of representatives from each of the glass container manufacturing member companies, as well as two representatives from the associate member companies (supplier member companies). The Trustees meet quarterly for budget, agenda and future planning purposes.

GPI hosts two meetings each year: a spring membership meeting in Washington, D.C., and an annual meeting in the fall.

Scott DeFife serves as the trade association's president.

The board is supported with a series of committees, including Marketing and Communications, Government Affairs & Regulatory Affairs, Environment, Labor & HR, Design and Specifications Committee and Management Committee.

Container finish standards
GPI publishes a voluntary set of standards for glass container finishes and their closures to improve compatibility and interchangeability between manufacturers. This includes vials, wine bottles, canning jars, beer bottles, and jugs. They are specified by the nominal outside diameter in millimeters followed by the glass finish number. For example, an 8-425 finish is approximately 8 mm neck outside diameter with a 425 finish corresponding to a threaded neck typically found on small vials.

References

External links
 Institute website

Trade associations based in the United States
Glass industry
Packaging trade associations
Glass code. A glass code is a method of classifying glasses for optical use, such as the manufacture of lenses and prisms. There are many different types of glass with different compositions and optical properties, and a glass code is used to distinguish between them.

There are several different glass classification schemes in use, most based on the catalogue systems used by glass manufacturers such as Pilkington and Schott Glass. These tend to be based on the material composition, for example BK7 is the Schott Glass classification of a common borosilicate crown glass.

Technical definition 
The international glass code is based on U.S. military standard MIL-G-174, and is a six-digit number specifying the glass according to its refractive index  at the Fraunhofer d- (or D3-) line, 589.3 nm, and its Abbe number  also taken at that line. The resulting glass code is the value of  rounded to three digits, followed by  rounded to three digits, with all decimal points ignored. For example, BK7 has  and  giving a six-digit glass code of 517642.

Consequently, a linear approximation for the refractive index dispersion close that wavelength is given by:

where  is the wavelength in nanometers.

The following table shows some example glasses and their glass code. Note that the glass properties can vary slightly between different manufacturer types.

References

Optical materials
Glass engineering and science
BORSCHT. BORSCHT is an acronym for the set of functions performed by a subscriber line interface circuit (SLIC) in the line card of a telecommunication system providing plain old telephone service. The letters represent the following functions:
battery feed (B), overvoltage protection (O), ringing (R), signaling (S), coding (C), hybrid (H), and test (T).

An earlier or alternate version of the acronym is BORSHT, lacking the letter C for the coding function.

Functions
Battery feed The central office provides a DC voltage level of nominally 48 V between the tip and ring conductors for talk and signaling current. The available DC current may range from 15 mA to 80 mA.
Over-voltage protection Aerial lines may be struck by lightning or falling power lines, consequently arrestors such as gas tubes and carbon blocks are used in the central office to reduce the voltage. However the line card must typically be able to withstand 1000 volt spikes.
Ringing The ringing voltage is typically 86 V (RMS) at a frequency of 20 Hz, 2 seconds ON, 4 seconds OFF. Some selective frequency systems used frequencies as low as 16 Hz and as high as 66 Hz for station selection.
SignalingSignaling is often referred to as supervision. The circuit detects the on-hook and off-hook conditions by monitoring the loop current. In rotary dial systems, it decodes dial pulses. It includes decoding of dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) dialing, hook flash, and other signals.
Coding Coding includes μ-Law coding in North America and A-Law coding in Europe. This includes the A/D and D/A conversion, companding and framing for time-division multiplexing.
HybridThe hybrid function involves two-wire to four-wire circuit conversions. This was originally performed by a hybrid transformer (induction coil) but has largely been superseded by DSP devices.
Test External tests allow the local loop and handset to be directly connected to test equipment in the central office. Loop-in tests could measure the input return loss (IRL). Loop-around tests measure the hybrid and codec performance.

See also
Loop start
Codec
Hybrid coil
Line card
Private branch exchange (PBX)

References

Telephony
Telephone exchanges
Ontology language. In computer science and artificial intelligence, ontology languages are formal languages used to construct ontologies. They allow the encoding of knowledge about specific domains and often include reasoning rules that support the processing of that knowledge. Ontology languages are usually declarative languages, are almost always generalizations of frame languages, and are commonly based on either first-order logic or on description logic.

Classification of ontology languages

Classification by syntax

Traditional syntax ontology languages

 Common Logic - and its dialects
 CycL
 DOGMA (Developing Ontology-Grounded Methods and Applications)
 F-Logic (Frame Logic)
 FO-dot (First-order logic extended with types, arithmetic, aggregates and inductive definitions)
 KIF (Knowledge Interchange Format)
 Ontolingua based on KIF
 KL-ONE
 KM programming language
 LOOM (ontology)
 OCML (Operational Conceptual Modelling Language)
 OKBC (Open Knowledge Base Connectivity)
 PLIB (Parts LIBrary)
 RACER

Markup ontology languages
These languages use a markup scheme to encode knowledge, most commonly with XML.

 DAML+OIL
 Ontology Inference Layer (OIL)
 Web Ontology Language (OWL)
 Resource Description Framework (RDF)
 RDF Schema (RDFS)
 SHOE

Controlled natural languages 
 Attempto Controlled English

Open vocabulary natural languages 
 Executable English

Classification by structure (logic type)

Frame-based
Three languages are completely or partially frame-based languages.

 F-Logic
 OKBC
 KM

Description logic-based
Description logic provides an extension of frame languages, without going so far as to take the leap to first-order logic and support for arbitrary predicates.

 KL-ONE
 RACER
 OWL.

Gellish is an example of a combined ontology language and ontology that is description logic based. It distinguishes between the semantic differences among others of:
 relation types for relations between concepts (classes)
 relation types for relations between individuals
 relation types for relations between individuals and classes
It also contains constructs to express queries and communicative intent.

First-order logic-based
Several ontology languages support expressions in first-order logic and allow general predicates.

 Common Logic
 CycL
 FO-dot (First-order logic extended with types, arithmetic, aggregates and inductive definitions)
 KIF

See also
 Domain theory
 Formal concept analysis
 Galois connection
 Lattice (order)
 Modeling language
 OntoUML

Notes

References
 Oscar Corcho, Asuncion Gomez-Perez, A Roadmap to Ontology Specification Languages (2000)
 Introduction to Description Logics – DL course by Enrico Franconi, Faculty of Computer Science, Free University of Bolzano, Italy

 
Modeling languages
Capacitively coupled plasma. A capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) is one of the most common types of industrial plasma sources. It essentially consists of two metal electrodes separated by a small distance, placed in a reactor. The gas pressure in the reactor can be lower than atmosphere or it can be atmospheric.

Description
A typical CCP system is driven by a single radio-frequency (RF) power supply, typically at 13.56 MHz. One of two electrodes is connected to the power supply, and the other one is grounded. As this configuration is similar in principle to a capacitor in an electric circuit, the plasma formed in this configuration is called a capacitively coupled plasma. 

When an electric field is generated between electrodes, atoms are ionized and release electrons.  The electrons in the gas are accelerated by the RF field and can ionize the gas directly or indirectly by collisions, producing secondary electrons. When the electric field is strong enough, it can lead to what is known as electron avalanche.  After avalanche breakdown, the gas becomes electrically conductive due to abundant free electrons. Often it accompanies light emission from excited atoms or molecules in the gas. When visible light is produced, plasma generation can be indirectly observed even with bare eyes.

A variation on capacitively coupled plasma involves isolating one of the electrodes, usually with a capacitor.  The capacitor acts like a short circuit to the high frequency RF field, but like an open circuit to direct current (DC) field.  Electrons impinge on the electrode in the sheath, and the electrode quickly acquires a negative charge (or self-bias) because the capacitor does not allow it to discharge to ground.  This sets up a secondary, DC field across the plasma in addition to the alternating current (AC) field.  Massive ions are unable to react to the quickly changing AC field, but the strong, persistent DC field accelerates them toward the self-biased electrode.  These energetic ions are exploited in many microfabrication processes (see reactive-ion etching (RIE)) by placing a substrate on the isolated (self-biased) electrode.

Capacitively coupled plasmas have wide applications in the semiconductor processing industry for thin film deposition (see sputtering, plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD)) and etching.

See also
Inductively coupled plasma
Multipactor effect
Plasma etching

References

Plasma types
Electronics manufacturing
Robosapien v2. The Robosapien V2 is the second generation of Mark Tilden's Robosapien robot. It is nearly twice the size of the original robot, standing around  tall. Instead of the original caveman grunts, the V2 can speak a large list of pre-recorded phrases. It has infrared and basic color recognition sensors, grip sensors in its hands, touch or contact activated hand and foot sensors, and sonic sensors. For movement, the V2 has an articulated waist, shoulders, and hands giving him a variety of body animations.

Overview 
The Robosapien V2 model was designed by Mark Tilden and is an autonomous robot. The Robosapien V2 comes packaged with a remote, a bowling ball with three pins, and the robot. It is an "evolved" form of Robosapien V1.

Additional features 
The V2 comes with a repertoire of sayings and animations which can be activated from the remote control. Features from the original Robosapien such as burp and fart are included, along with a parody of the Lost In Space robot's "Danger, Will Robinson!" and many other one-liners.

Much of the V2's internal behavior can be deduced by the blinking patterns of his blue eye pads, which change as the V2 changes modes.

Variants

Colors
In addition to the white/black color scheme, there are additional colored variants of Robosapien V2 which include bronze, red, blue and black.

Mini Robosapien V2
A smaller version of the toy titled "Mini Robosapien V2" has also been produced. As with the standard Mini Robosapien it does not have a remote control or different modes of behavior, and isn't an autonomous robot. The product runs on two AAA-size batteries and can only move forward in one direction. The product also has red eyes instead of the standard blue.

See also
WowWee
Humanoid robot
Roboraptor
Roboreptile
WowWee Alive Chimpanzee
Robotics

References

External links 
RoboCommunity - The official WowWee Robotics user community (run by Capable Networks LLC)
The Evolution of Robosapien V2 (in pictures)
Robosapien V2 - V2 News & Tips
Robosapien V2 Review - Blog for Robosapien V2 fans
Robosapien V2 Hacks  - An examination of the Robosapien V2's internal circuitry
Welcoming our new robot overlords - Ars Technica review
Marcus @ Evosapien - Various Robobosapien V2 hacks
 web site RoboDance for control Robots Wow Wee

2000s toys
Entertainment robots
Bipedal humanoid robots
WowWee
2000s robots

fr:Robosapien V2