omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Affordable Weapon System. The Affordable Weapon System is a US Navy program to design and produce a low cost "off the shelf" cruise missile launchable from a self-contained unit mounted in a standard shipping container.

The need for the US Army to mass-manufacture more affordable, low overhead weapons became a pressing matter during the 1970s, a decade when costs to operate and support an armed inventory grew rapidly and consequently reduced budgets for new weapons acquisitions. The US weapons inventory is the most advanced in the world, but its volume is deemed insufficient in a theoretical war against China for example (especially the long-range precision-guided weaponry). To that effect, BAE Systems had developed a kit (Advanced Precision Kill Weapon System) to convert Hydra rockets into smart, precision-guided ammo.

Specifications
 Length: (w/o booster): 3.32 m (10 ft 11 in) 
 Diameter: 34.3 cm (13.5 in)
 Weight: 394 kg (737 lb)
 Speed: 400 km/h (250 mph)
 Ceiling: 4570 m (15000 ft)
 Range: > 1560 km (840 nm)
 Propulsion: Solid rocket booster and SWB Turbines SWB-65 turbojet sustainer.
 Payload: 200 lbs.
 Guidance: GPS and in-flight datalink.

Program status
 April 2002 - International Systems LLC of San Diego, Calif. (subsidiary of Titan Corp.) awarded a $25,657,312 cost-plus-fixed-fee contract for continuing development and implementation.
 June 2005 - Titan awarded a $32.4 million contract modification to produce approximately 85 missiles for demonstration, test and evaluation. The contract also includes work for the AWS launcher design and ship integration.
 September 2005 - Titan awards contract for launch systems to BAE Systems.
 2007 - Duncan L. Hunter pushed a 30 million dollars budget in the yearly defense appropriations bill to continue the development of AWS, despite inconclusive 2006 tryouts.
 July 2008 - DOD Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation budget earmarks $15,200,000 for program.
 November 2008 - MBDA Incorporated is awarded a $4,530,231 contract for research into the best material approach and the completion of risk reduction tasks for the AWS.

References

External links
 SWB Turbines SWB-65
 Titan shoots for bargain missile - San Diego Union-Tribune

Cruise missiles of the United States
Area denial weapons
Naval weapons
Proposed weapons of the United States
Equipment of the United States Navy
Tape management system. A tape management system (TMS) is computer software that manages the usage and retention of computer backup tapes. This may be done as a stand-alone function or as part of a broader backup software package.

The role of a tape management system

A modern tape management system (TMS) is usually used in conjunction with backup applications and are generally used to manage magnetic tape media that contains backup information and other electronically stored information. Tape management systems are used by organizations to locate, track, and rotate media according to an organizations internal policies as well as government regulations.

Categories of tape management systems

Stand-alone tape management systems

Stand-alone tape management systems are predominant on mainframe platforms where tape is used as both a backup and base load storage medium.

Mainframe systems such as IBM's z/OS do provide some basic support for tape inventory control via the OS Catalog but as cataloging files is optional it is usually required that an additional software package does the following:

 Ensure that live tape volumes are not over-written.
 Keep a list of tape volumes that are eligible to be over-written (known as scratch tapes).
 Maintain an online catalog of the location of files written to tape and a list of what files reside on each tape volume.

These operations are usually achieved by using operating system "hooks" to intercept file open and close operations.

Backup applications

Robotic control systems

Off-line tape management systems

Commercially available tape management systems

Mainframe

Stand-alone tape management systems
 BrightStore CA-1 (previously known as UCC-1, until Computer Associates acquired Uccel in 1987)
 CA Dynam/TLMS (previously known as TLMS II, until Computer Associates acquired Capex Corporation in 1982)
 Valu-Lib, from Value Computing, Inc.
 IBM RMM
 BMC Control-M/Tape (previously known as Control-T, until BMC Software acquired New Dimension Software in 1999)
 ASG Zara
 Lascon Storage's GFS/AFM

Robotic control/management systems
 StorageTek HSC
 StorageTek ExLM

Distributed systems
 AES Webscan Tape Management System
TapeTrack Tape Management Framework
Vertices Tape Management System
VaultLedger Tape Management System

See also
 Tape library
 List of backup software

References

Backup software
Storage software
Design Eye Position. In the design of human-machine user interfaces (HMIs or UIs), the Design Eye Position (DEP) is the position from which the user is intended to view the workstation for an optimal view of the visual interface. The Design Eye Position represents the ideal but notional location of the operator's view, and is usually expressed as a monocular point midway between the pupils of the average user. The DEP may also allow for a standardisation of monocular and binocular "Field of View" and may be integrated into the CAD/CAM design system used to define the workstation build.

The DEP is particularly important in those operator workstations, such as the cockpit of a military fast jet, where an accurate reading of information and symbols on displays may be critical. When designing such user interfaces, the DEP is used as the reference point for the location of items (e.g., displays or controls) within the interface.

Military Aviation 

With collimated displays, such as the cockpit Head Up Display, the projected symbology is aligned very precisely with the outside world to allow for precise delivery of weapons and also for safe landing. Unless located at the Design Eye Position, the pilot cannot see the symbology as it is effectively focussed at infinity. Similarly, Head Down Displays will usually be angled precisely towards the DEP so that all symbols may be equally visible to the pilot without parallax or other display distortion errors.

Pilots who are below or above the 50% percentile point for sitting height, i.e. not of average stature, may need to adjust the seat in order to attain the DEP, even if this means compromising their optimal reach envelope. This is why, for example, rudder pedals may need to be adjustable.

See also
 Overillumination

References 

Design
Artificial Intelligence System. Artificial Intelligence System (AIS) was a volunteer computing project undertaken by Intelligence Realm, Inc. with the long-term goal of simulating the human brain in real time, complete with artificial consciousness and artificial general intelligence. They claimed to have found, in research, the "mechanisms of knowledge representation in the brain which is equivalent to finding artificial intelligence", before moving into the developmental phase.

History
The project's initial goal was recreating the largest brain simulation to date, performed by neuroscientist Eugene M. Izhikevich of The Neurosciences Institute in San Diego, California. Izhikevich simulated 1 second of activity of 100 billion neurons (the estimated number of neurons in the human brain) in 50 days using a cluster of 27 3-gigahertz processors.  He extrapolated that a real-time simulation of the brain could not be achieved before 2016.  The project aimed to disprove this prediction.

Artificial Intelligence System announced on Sep 5, 2007 that they will use the Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC) software to perform intensive calculations.

On July 12, 2008, the first phase of the project had been completed by reaching the 100 billion neuron mark. The project then continued to simulate neurons while they completed the development of other related applications.

Application description 

 the application is a brain network test system that reenacts biophysical sensory cells characterized as numerical models and use the Hodgkin–Huxley model to portray the properties of brain cells
 the rundown of models will keep developing and will ultimately arrive at many models
 the test system gets information from XML records that contain cell properties which portray behavior
 the test system will process the framework's way of behaving over the long haul
 calculation results will be saved in records

Conclusion 
Artificial Intelligence System had successfully simulated over 700 billion neurons by April 2009 and the project reported 7119 participants in January, 2010

AIS was last seen working on the post data stage before the website was no longer available after November 2010.

See also
 Artificial consciousness
 Blue Brain
 Outline of artificial intelligence

References

Free science software
 Science in society
Volunteer computing projects
Artificial neural networks
Computational neuroscience
History of artificial intelligence
Malafon. Malafon (MArine LAtécoère FONds) was a French ship-launched anti-submarine missile system. Developed in the 1950s and 1960s, the weapon was intended to take advantage of the greater detection ranges possible with towed sonar arrays. The missile entered service in 1966 and was manufactured by Groupe Latécoère

The weapon is essentially a glider-delivered version of the L4 torpedo. The launcher is a circular mount, which allows the weapon to be rotated to the correct bearing, then fired at a fixed elevation of +15°. Two solid booster rockets accelerate it to  within 4 seconds before falling away. The unpowered glider continues at an altitude of , altering course in mid-flight under radio control of the launch platform. Effective range was . As it reaches the target, the glider drops the torpedo, which splashes into the sea and commences a circular search pattern. The range of the Malafon meant that it was expected to hit the water within  of the submarine's location. The L4 torpedo had a speed of  over a range of .

The Malafon was a large weapon, with each missile weighing . As a result, it was only employed on larger vessels. It was typically used for medium- and long-range submarine targets, though it could have been used against surface ships.

The system was never used at war. It was declared obsolete in 1997. It was replaced by Westland Lynx helicopters using Mark 46 torpedoes.

Ships
The Malafon system was fitted to the following ship classes

 
 T56 (La Galissonnière)

Specifications

The missile had a  wingspan, with the main body having a  diameter. The torpedo had a  diameter and could dive to  depth.

External links

Harpoondatabase
Article

Anti-submarine missiles
Cold War weapons of France
Naval weapons of France
Guided missiles of France
Military equipment introduced in the 1960s
Gene Ball. Gene Ball is a computer science researcher and computer programmer.

Ball obtained a bachelor's degree from the University of Oklahoma, and attended graduate school at the University of Rochester, completing a master's degree and finishing his doctorate in 1982. While at Rochester, he met Rick Rashid, and together they created Alto Trek, one of the earlier networked multiplayer computer games.

In 1979, along with Rashid, Ball worked as a researcher Carnegie Mellon University. In 1983, he left academia for two years, spending 1983 and 1984 designing software at Formative Technologies. In 1985, he became an assistant professor at the University of Delaware at Newark.

From 1991 until 2001 he was a researcher at Microsoft, leading the Persona Project, which focused on developing lifelike computer characters that could conversationally interact with users.

References

Contributor biography in Emotions in Humans and Artifacts, by Robert Trappl, Paolo Petta, and Sabine Payr. .

University of Delaware faculty
Microsoft employees
University of Rochester alumni
University of Oklahoma alumni
Carnegie Mellon University faculty
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Central Railroad Co. of New Jersey v. Mills. Central R. Co. of N. J. v. Mills, 113 U.S. 249 (1885), involved a case where the Court of Claims had dismissed a petition of the claimants, regarding the rejection of two items sued for: (1) labor done and materials furnished by the claimants in constructing the coffer dams, and in performing the work necessarily connected therewith and preliminary to the masonry work for the piers and abutments, (2) loss and damages resulting to the claimants in consequence of the reduction of the dimensions of the piers and abutments made subsequently to the making of the contract.

Background

The decision of the Court of Claims in regard to item (1) was that the claimants had not shown that the written contract did not express the intent of both parties as to the coffer dams, and that even if that court were satisfied that the claimants executed the contract in mistake of their rights, there was no evidence that the defendants shared the mistake. Its decision in regard to item (2) was that it would be disposed to regard the case, on the facts, as one for equitable interposition for the purpose of further inquiry and the ascertainment of the rights of the parties in equity if it had jurisdiction, but that the statute did not authorize it to entertain those considerations, because, in the proceedings before it, it could hear and determine only claims for labor done and materials furnished by the claimants under their contract with the defendants.

Opinion of the Court

The Supreme Court held that the ruling of the Court of Claims in regard to item (1)—the coffer dams—was erroneous, and that by the actual contract between the parties the claimants were not to do any of the work covered by the claim made by them under item (1), and that the written contract must be reformed accordingly. As to item (2), this Court held, that the Court of Claims placed too limited a construction upon the special act of Congress, and that its power, under that act, extended to reforming the contract in respect to permitting the officers of the United States to materially vary the plans for the piers so as to essentially change the obligations of the parties.

The decree of the Court of Claims was reversed, and the cause was remanded, with directions to proceed in it according to law and in conformity with the opinion of this Court. This cause was remanded to the Court of Claims, with a direction to enter judgment accordingly.

See also
List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 113

References

External links
 

United States Supreme Court cases
United States Supreme Court cases of the Waite Court
1885 in United States case law
Central Railroad of New Jersey
1885 in case law
1885 in rail transport
United States railway case law
Heinkel He 74. The Heinkel He 74 was a light fighter aircraft developed in Germany in the early 1930s. It was a conventional, single-bay biplane with staggered, unequal-span wings braced with an I-type interplane strut. The pilot sat in an open cockpit, and the undercarriage was of the fixed, tailskid type.

It was designed in response to a RLM requirement for a Heimatschutzjäger - a light fighter aircraft suitable for purely defensive duties and which would have a secondary role as an advanced trainer for fighter pilots. Although it was not strictly a requirement of the specification, firms submitting designs were urged to use a monoplane layout.

During trials in 1934, the He 74 outperformed its competitors, but in the end, the RLM awarded it third place, behind the Focke-Wulf Fw 56 and Arado Ar 76, believing that since the fighters then being developed were all monoplanes, this configuration was essential for an advanced trainer as well.

Specifications

References

External links

Luftwaffe Resource Centre
He.74 (Russian)

1930s German military trainer aircraft
He 074
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1933
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Hugo Spowers. Hugo Ronald Alan Spowers  (born 1960) is a British entrepreneur-engineer who co-ordinated the development of the Morgan LIFEcar sports car project that was launched at the Geneva Motor Show in March 2008, and the Riversimple Urban Car.

Spowers is the founder of Riversimple (formerly known as OSCar), the company that co-ordinated the design of LIFECar, and is currently developing the Riversimple Urban Car, a viable hydrogen fuel cell car for urban use. Spowers is a graduate of the University of Oxford, and Cranfield University.

Whilst an undergraduate at Oxford University in the late seventies and early eighties, Spowers was an active member of the extreme sports society, the Dangerous Sports Club.

Spowers was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2022 Birthday Honours for services to technology.

Footnotes

External links
 RiverSimple Company Website + Blog

References 
-	Times Online	 
-	Authentic Business	 
-	Article for Vanity Fair	 
-	The Telegraph	 
-	Times Online

British automotive engineers
Living people
1960 births
Articles containing video clips
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Raymond Herb. Raymond George Herb (January 22, 1908 – October 1, 1996) was an American professor of nuclear physics at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He was known for building electrostatic accelerators.  His work influenced the Manhattan Project, which built the first nuclear weapons.  In 1960, the University of São Paulo awarded him an honorary doctorate. He won the Bonner Prize in 1968. He started a company called NEC that manufactures electrostatic accelerators.  He was also a member of the National Academy of Sciences.

University of Wisconsin now holds a seminar series in his memory.

Sources 
 Complete biography at National Academy of Sciences 
 University of Wisconsin–Madison Nuclear Experimental Physics Group
 University of Wisconsin–Madison R. G. Herb Seminars
 University of Wisconsin–Madison Nuclear Physics
 The Pelletron Accelerator
 Manhattan Project
 World Sci Books
 Cas.web.cern.ch
 University of Wisconsin–Madison Engineers' Day
 Barschall, Henry H. Raymond George Herb
 Electrostatic Accelerator Development at Wisconsin

References

1996 deaths
1908 births
American nuclear physicists
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Fellows of the American Physical Society
JCK. JCK may refer to:

 JCK MMA, a Chinese mixed martial arts promotion
 Java Compatibility Kit, a Technology Compatibility Kit for Java 6.0
 Julia Creek Airport (IATA airport code), Julia Creek, Queensland, Australia

See also

 CJCK-FM, call sign JCK in region C
 KJCK (disambiguation), call sign JCK in region K
 WJCK (disambiguation), call sign JCK in region W
HMS Slinger (1917). HMS Slinger was an experimental catapult ship operated by the Royal Navy during the First World War. After Royal Navy service from 1917 to 1919, she operated as a commercial cargo ship under the names SS Niki and SS Lingfield from 1920 until she sank in 1941.

Royal Navy service
Constructed as a hopper barge, HMS Slinger was purchased from her builder, Lobnitz and Company, Limited of Renfrew, Scotland, prior to completion. Intending to use her as a test bed for the shipborne launching of aircraft, the Royal Navy fitted her with a 60-foot (18.25-meter) compressed air catapult. HMS Slinger operated Fairey F.127 and Short 310 seaplanes during 1918.

Slinger was sold on 16 October 1919.

Later career

After her sale, the ship was converted into a merchant cargo ship. She entered commercial service under the Greek flag with Boyazides L, Brother & Company in 1920 as SS Niki. Niki was sold to Valsamakis & Company in 1934 and to Nomikos Petros in 1937, remaining under Greek ownership and registry throughout. On 28 July 1920, Niki arrived leaking at Liverpool and was beached at Tranmere. Cheshire. She was refloated, repaired, and returned to service.

Niki was sold to Valsamakis & Company in 1934 and to Nomikos Petros in 1937, remaining under Greek ownership and registry throughout. Later in 1937, Niki was sold to the Finchley Steamship Company and, under British registry, was renamed SS Lingfield. Lingfield continued to operate as a commercial cargo ship until 17 October 1941, when she collided with another vessel in the North Sea off the coast of Norfolk, England, and sank.

Notes

References
 Dittmar, F. J. & Colledge, J. J., "British Warships 1914-1919", (Ian Allan, London, 1972),

External links
 royalnavyresearcharchive.org.uk H.M.S. SLINGER: The First H.M.S. SLINGER

Aircraft carriers of the Royal Navy
Ships built on the River Clyde
1917 ships
World War I aircraft carriers of the United Kingdom
Experimental ships
Cargo ships of the United Kingdom
Maritime incidents in 1920
Maritime incidents in October 1941
Ships sunk in collisions
Shipwrecks in the North Sea
TCDD E 40000. TCDD E40000 is a series of electric locomotives used by the Turkish State Railways. The batch consisted of 15 units delivered in 1969. The locomotives have a power output of 2,945 kW and are capable of 130 km/h.

References

External links
 Trains of Turkey on E40000

E40000
25 kV AC locomotives
B-B locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1969
Standard gauge locomotives of Turkey
Fighter Wing: A Guided Tour of an Air Force Combat Wing. Fighter Wing: A Guided Tour of an Air Force Combat Wing (1995, ) is a nonfiction book written by Tom Clancy and John D. Gresham which explores the inner workings of the United States Air Force's 366th Fighter Wing based out of Mountain Home Air Force Base in Idaho.

With an overview of the evolution of air power such as aircraft engines, stealth, avionics, sensors, and onboard displays, it also briefly introduces the B-2 Spirit and the F-22 Raptor. The following section focuses on Operation Desert Storm and its air campaign planners and the next on the combat aircraft found on the current USAF inventory. Ordnance is tackled as well as the creation of the Air Combat Command. A tour of the 366th Wing is presented in detail including the Green Flag exercise of 1994–3. A simulated scenario of how the 366th Wing may possibly be employed in a future conflict with Vietnam is also laid out.

The final sections of the book includes the author's conclusion, a glossary and a bibliography.

Reception
Kirkus Reviews recommended the novel for people who wanted to learn more about the air force.

References

1995 non-fiction books
Non-fiction books about the United States Air Force
Books by Tom Clancy
Berkley Books books
Yamazaki Mazak Corporation. is a Japanese machine tool builder based in Oguchi, Japan. In most of the world they are referred to as Mazak.

History
The company was founded in 1919 in Nagoya by Sadakichi Yamazaki as a small company making pots and pans. During the 1920s it progressed through mat-making machinery to woodworking machinery to metalworking machine tools, especially lathes. The company was part of Japan's industrial buildup before and during World War II, then, like the rest of Japanese industry, was humbled by the war's outcome.

During the 1950s and 1960s, under the founder's sons, Yamazaki revived, and during the 1960s it established itself as an exporter to the American market. During the 1970s and 1980s it established a larger onshore presence in the US, including machine tool-building operations, and since then it has become one of the most important companies in that market and the global machine tool market.

In 1980s, the European manufacturing plant was established in Worcester, U.K., and a worldwide sales and customer support network was created. Currently, the corporation runs 10 factories worldwide - 5 in Japan, 2 in China, 1 in Singapore, 1 in the US, 1 in the UK.

Gallery

References

Bibliography

External links

Mazak Global portal to regional sites
Exclusive representative of Mazak machine tools for some provinces of Lombardy, Italy:  https://tecnomacsystems.com/prodotti-nuovo.php

Manufacturing companies of Japan
Industrial machine manufacturers
Machine tool builders
Multinational companies headquartered in Japan
Companies based in Aichi Prefecture
Japanese brands
Manufacturing companies established in 1919
Japanese companies established in 1919