omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Aero Ae 02. The Aero Ae 02 was the first fighter aircraft to be designed and built in Oshowitz. The Aero aircraft first flew in 1920.

Design and development
Designed by Husnik and Vlasak, it was of conventional biplane configuration. The orthodox two spar upper wing was straight, without dihedral and constructed in one piece, was supported above the fuselage on two sets of outward sloping N struts and an inverted V cabane. The lower wing was in two sections attached to stub 'winglets' on the fuselage. Top and bottom planes were separated by one built up strut of [ formation with the main upright of the strut between the rear spars of the wings and the 'feet' pointing forward and attached to the front strut. Balanced ailerons were fitted to the top wing only operated by a rod and tubular hinge mechanism, rather than the more usual cables. A lifting cantilevered tailplane was fitted with divided and balanced elevators and the triangular tail fin carried a balanced rudder. The fuselage was designed to be built in Duralumin, but the prototype used welded steel tube. It was of approximately rectangular section with slightly convex panels all round and was internally wire braced. An auxiliary petrol tank of aerofoil section was mounted between the wheels and could be jettisoned by means of a quick release mechanism. The aircraft's performance was adequate for a fighter of its day, but the Czechoslovak Air Force was not interested in purchasing it.

Flown by Josef Novak, the Ae 02 went on to win the Silver Cup at the Czech Aeroclub's annual flying meet of 1921 for best overall performance. Development continued as the Ae 04.

Specifications (Ae 02)

See also

References

Ae02
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
1920s Czechoslovak fighter aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1920
Aero Ae 03. The Aero Ae 03 was a prototype Czechoslovakian military reconnaissance aircraft designed in 1921. It was an ambitious monoplane design, and was completely original to Aero, unlike the firm's licence-built designs from World War I. It was to be equipped with an early turbocharger.

As work progressed, it became clear that the finished product would not meet the Czech Air Force specifications required, as it would be too heavy. Redesign was judged to be impractical, and so construction was halted before the aircraft ever flew.

Specifications (Ae 03)

References 

Ae03
Single-engined tractor aircraft
1920s Czechoslovak military reconnaissance aircraft
Aero Ae 04. The Aero Ae 04 was a Czechoslovakian biplane fighter aircraft of 1921. A development of the Ae 02, it was no more successful than its predecessor in attracting purchase orders, and it flew only in prototype form. Undaunted by the lack of interest, development continued as the A.18.

Specifications (Ae 04)

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography
 Green, William and Gordon Swanborough.The Complete Book of Fighters. New York, Smithmark, 1994. .

Ae04
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
1920s Czechoslovak fighter aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1921
Hansa-Brandenburg B.I. The Hansa-Brandenburg B.I was an unarmed military trainer and reconnaissance biplane of World War I, flown by the Austro-Hungarian Air Service. Early models were known internally to the Hansa-Brandenburg firm as the type D, while later models with a more powerful engine were designated FD. This aircraft was one of the earliest designs of Ernst Heinkel, who was working for Hansa-Brandenburg at the time. It was an entirely conventional two-bay biplane with staggered wings of unequal span. The pilot and observer sat in tandem in a long open cockpit.

The aircraft was produced under license by Aero, both during the war and afterwards (when it became known as the Aero Ae 01), and also by Letov, as the Š10. Experience gained with this design would provide Aero with the basis for a number of derivative civil and military designs throughout the 1920s.

The design formed the basis for the C.I and C.II armed reconnaissance types.

Variants
both variants shared the military designation B.I
 D - initial version with Benz Bz.II engine
 FD - later version with Benz Bz.III engine

Operators

Austro-Hungarian Imperial and Royal Aviation Troops
Austro-Hungarian Navy

Polish Air Force (postwar, 15 aircraft)

Czechoslovak Air Force (postwar)

Royal Hungarian Air Force

Yugoslav Royal Air Force (postwar)
Letalski center Maribor (postwar)

Survivors
Only a single Hansa-Brandenburg B.I  has survived World War One, it is located in the Budapest Aviation Museum in Hungary.

Specifications (FD)

See also

References

External links

 Hansa Brandenburg B.I Details Photos at the Budapest Museum of Aviation

1910s German military reconnaissance aircraft
B.I
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1914
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Aero Ae 50. The Aero Ae 50 was a prototype propeller-driven military reconnaissance aircraft built in Czechoslovakia.

Design and development

In November 1947, the Czechoslovak Ministry of Defence issued requirements for two light aircraft for service in support of the Czechoslovak Army, a smaller two seat aircraft, to be powered by the  Walter Minor 4-III engine and a larger aircraft to be powered by the  Walter Minor 6-III engine. The smaller aircraft was intended for artillery spotting, observation and liaison duties. The aircraft was required to provide a good view for the observer and to be able to operate out of small austere airstrips. It needed to have folding wings and be able to be towed behind, or carried on the back of a 2.5te truck. It was also required to be towed by other aircraft, to extend the aircraft's range.

At least eight projects were submitted to meet the requirement for a lighter aircraft, with Aero's design, the Ae 50, considered the best of the proposals. The Ae 50 was a high-wing monoplane of all metal construction, of pod and boom arrangement, with a fuselage that terminated abruptly immediately aft of the crew cabin, leaving the tailplane to be mounted on a single boom attached to the wing. It had a fixed, tail-wheel type undercarriage, with the tailwheel mounted at the rear of the fuselage. The wings were fitted with flaps and leading-edge slots. 

Construction of a prototype began in mid-1948, and it was first flown on 14 April 1949. Initial testing identified a number of problems, including problems with the aircraft's undercarriage, poor directional control during take-off, and crucially, that the aircraft was significantly overweight. The aircraft underwent numerous changes to fix the aircraft's problems, including a larger rudder and modified wing slots and while these resolved many of the aircraft's problems, the aircraft remained overweight. It was handed over to the Czechoslovak Ministry of Defence for testing against the specification in October 1949, but on 13 June 1950, the Czechoslovak government decided to abandon development of observation aircraft, in order to concentrate the aircraft industry on license-production of Soviet combat aircraft. Flight testing continued slowly after this decision and was not completed until January 1953. After testing was complete, it was retained without being flown further for two years before being scrapped.

Specifications (Ae 50)

See also

Notes

References 

 
 

1940s Czechoslovak military reconnaissance aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Aero Vodochody aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1949
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
Dynamic knowledge repository. The dynamic knowledge repository (DKR) is a concept developed by Douglas C. Engelbart as a primary strategic focus for allowing humans to address complex problems. He has proposed that a DKR will enable us to develop a collective IQ greater than any individual's IQ. References and discussion of Engelbart's DKR concept are available at the Doug Engelbart Institute.

Definition
A knowledge repository is a computerized system that systematically captures, organizes and categorizes an organization's knowledge. The repository can be searched and data can be quickly retrieved.

The effective knowledge repositories include factual, conceptual, procedural and meta-cognitive techniques. The key features of knowledge repositories include communication forums.

A knowledge repository can take many forms to "contain" the knowledge it holds. A customer database is a knowledge repository of customer information and insights – or electronic explicit knowledge. A Library is a knowledge repository of books – physical explicit knowledge. A community of experts is a knowledge repository of tacit knowledge or experience. The nature of the repository only changes to contain/manage the type of knowledge it holds. A repository (as opposed to an archive) is designed to get knowledge out. It should therefore have some rules of structure, classification, taxonomy, record management, etc., to facilitate user engagement.

References

Further reading

External links
 Doug Engelbart Institute

Knowledge representation
Data management
Drowning detection system. Drowning detection systems are systems designed to improve safety by reducing drowning deaths  and injuries in public and private pools, waterparks, thermal baths, spa facilities, beaches, or other natural bodies of water smart beach.

Classification
Pool monitoring systems fall into two broad categories: Active or Passive.

Active systems 
Active systems are often using a wearable on the swimmer, such as a wristband, that monitors the behaviour and position of the swimmer. If the swimmer is detected to be under water för a certain period, an alarm is triggered and through acoustic underwater communication from the wristband to receivers installed in the pool the alarm is transferred to on-site lifeguards that immediately can identify which pool and to start rescue. The advantage of such systems is that each person is guarded and that the same wristband can be used for access to facilities and lockers. The system is mainly used in public swimming pools where lifeguards are present.

Passive systems 
Passive systems provide lifeguards with views of swimmer activity and behaviour below the water surface, which aids the 10:20 scan for identifying potential incidents. They offer a way of compensating for surface glare and blind spots in the swimming pool, thereby making the lifeguard's job easier.
Active systems are designed to automatically monitor the pool and alert lifeguards to potential incidents.

Passive system underwater cameras let lifeguards inspect multiple underwater views simultaneously from a single location. Cameras can cover areas which may otherwise be obstructed. Below water cameras can be paired with above water cameras to provide face-to-body matching if there is an incident where a swimmer needs to be identified, in cases of sexual assault for example.

References

Swimming pool equipment
Cameras by type
Safety equipment
Java Heterogeneous Distributed Computing. Java Heterogeneous Distributed Computing refers to a programmable Java distributed system which was developed at the National University of Ireland in Maynooth. It allows researchers to access the spare clock cycles of a large number of semi-idle desktop PCs.  It also allows for multiple problems to be processed in parallel with sophisticated scheduling mechanisms controlling the system.  It has been successful when used for tackling problems in the areas of Bioinformatics, Biomedical engineering and cryptography.

It is an open source project licensed under the GPL.

See also
List of volunteer computing projects
Distributed computing
Java

External links
Heterogeneous Java Distributed Computing

Distributed computing projects
Software using the GNU General Public License
Capstone Software. Capstone Software was a subsidiary of IntraCorp, a Miami-based computer and video game company. Founded in 1984, Capstone created first-person games such as Corridor 7: Alien Invasion, Operation Body Count, William Shatner's TekWar and Witchaven, and is also known for releasing games based on movie/TV licenses. Capstone's first-person games used the Wolfenstein 3D engine, and later, the Build engine.

IntraCorp went bankrupt in 1996 and shut down all its operations, including Capstone Software. Capstone's last game, Corridor 8: Galactic Wars, never left the prototype stage and was never released. Capstone became VRTech, providing first-person buildouts of new construction condominiums using the Build engine. It eventually closed down.

Games
The following is a list of games developed and/or published by Capstone Software as well its parent company Intracorp.

Intracorp

Capstone Software

Published

Distributed
 Eternam
 Pinball Arcade
 Superman: The Man of Steel
 Trolls

Cancelled

References

External links
Capstone Software at KBW's Corridor 7 Homepage

Video game publishers
Video game companies established in 1984
Video game companies disestablished in 1996
Video game development companies
Defunct video game companies of the United States
Companies based in Miami
Defunct companies based in Florida
Conical measure. A conical measure is a type of laboratory glassware which consists of a conical cup with a notch on the top to allow for the easy pouring of liquids, and graduated markings on the side to allow easy and accurate measurement of volumes of liquid.

They may be made of plastic, glass, or borosilicate glass. The use of the conical measure usually dictates its construction material. Plastic conical measures, commonly referred to as measuring cups are used by patients to measure liquid medicaments for oral administration. Glass and borosilicate conical measures are commonly used when compounding by the pharmacy profession.

Conical measures are the most commonly used item of glassware used in the preparation of extemporaneous medicaments. They are not as precise as graduated cylinders for measuring liquids, but make up for this in terms of easy pouring and ability to mix solutions within the measure itself.

History
During his experiments, Abū al-Rayhān al-Bīrūnī (973–1048) invented the conical measure, in order to find the ratio between the weight of a substance in air and the weight of water displaced, and to accurately measure the specific weights of the gemstones and their corresponding metals, which are very close to modern measurements.

References

Volumetric instruments
Laboratory glassware
Boost. Boost, boosted or boosting may refer to:

Science, technology  and mathematics
 Boost, positive manifold pressure in turbocharged engines
 Boost (C++ libraries), a set of free peer-reviewed portable C++ libraries
 Boost (material), a material branded and used by Adidas in the midsoles of shoes.
 Boost, a loose term for turbo or supercharger
 Boost converter, an electrical circuit variation of a DC to DC converter, which increases (boosts) the voltage
 Boosted fission weapon,  a type of nuclear bomb that uses a small amount of fusion fuel to increase the rate, and thus yield, of a fission reaction
 Boosting (behavioral science), an intervention to improve people's agency and abilities
 Boosting (machine learning), a supervised learning algorithm
 Intel Turbo Boost, a technology that enables a processor to run above its base operating frequency
 Jump start (vehicle), to start a vehicle 
 Lorentz boost, a type of Lorentz transformation

Arts, entertainment, and media

Fictional characters
 Boost (Cars), a character from the Pixar franchise Cars
 Boost (comics), a character from Marvel Comics

Films
 Boost (film), a 2017 Canadian film directed by Darren Curtis
 The Boost, a 1988 drama film directed by Harold Becker

Video games 

 Boosting (video games), a cheating method in which skilled players are hired to raise one's rank

Brands and enterprises
 Boost (chocolate bar), a chocolate bar produced by Cadbury
 Boost (drink), nutritional drinks brand made by Nestlé
 Boost Energy, the Pay As You Go brand of OVO Energy
 Boost!, American non-carbonated cola brand
 Boost Drinks, British drinks company
 Boost ETP, British independent boutique Exchange Traded Products provider
 Boost Juice, a company in Australia
 Boost Mobile (disambiguation), a brand of mobile phone services in Australia and the United States
 Boosted (company), a defunct American manufacturer of electric skateboards
 Lego Boost, a robotics Lego theme

Other uses
 Boost, a slang term meaning steal or shoplift
 Boosting (doping), a form of doping used by athletes with a spinal cord injury
 Boosterism, promoting certain places with the goal of increasing public perception

See also
 Booster (disambiguation)
RAM press. A RAM press (or ram press) is a machine, invented in the USA in the mid-1940s, that is used to press clay into moulded shapes, such as plates and bowls. In operation a slice of de-aired clay body is placed in between two shaped porous moulds, and vertical movement of the moulds presses the body into the required shape.

History
The RAM process was devised around 1945 by the ceramics engineers Andrew Reif Blackburn and Richard E. Steele. The first RAM Press was made by Harold Dawson in Columbus, Ohio.
Blackburn and Steele sold their company to the Wallace Murray Corp. RAM Products Inc. of Columbus, Ohio was set up in 1979 and now manufactures the RAM press, as do other companies. In 1986, RAM Products introduced the 15-ton cub press for use by studio potters.

Principle of operation

In operation a slice of de-aired clay body is placed in between two shaped porous moulds or dies, and vertical movement of the moulds presses the body into the required shape. Pressing causes some water to be forced out of the clay body into the porous die, which stiffens the clay body allowing it to retain its shape. The dies used for RAM pressing are porous and have embedded air channels which allow pressurized air to be forced through the permeable die material to separate the pressed ceramic ware from the die. After pressing, air is forced through the bottom die as the press is opened.  This causes the part to be released from the bottom die while adhering to the top die.  Once the die is fully open, air is forced through the top die which releases the part onto a tray or into the operator’s hands.   Dies are typically made from high strength gypsum cement, but may also be made from porous ceramic.

Other uses

The phrase ram press (in lower case) commonly means the same thing; it is simply used for machines that press items by a mechanical ram, such as with a plunger, piston, force pump, or hydraulic ram.

References

External links
Ram Press Manufacturer Site

Pottery
American inventions
VNS. VNS is an initialism for:

Telecommunications
Victim Notification System, an automated system that notifies a victim that the perpetrator of a crime that affected them has been released
Virtual Network Switching, a technique in telecommunications used to reduce or eliminate the number of data segments used in a command
Virtual Network System, a network that connects all virtual machines and devices regardless of location
Visual Navigation System
Voice Network Switching

Science
Vagus nerve stimulation, a medical treatment used for certain types of epilepsy
Vicarious nucleophilic substitution, a special type of nucleophilic aromatic substitution
Visiting Nurse Service, an in-home medical care service

Other
Valley New School, a charter school in Appleton, Wisconsin, USA
Varanasi, a city in northern India
The IATA code of Lal Bahadur Shastri Airport, Varanasi, India
Variable Neighborhood Search
Viet Nam News, English-language newspaper in Vietnam
Viqarunnisa Noon School, an all-girls higher secondary school in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Visual Nature Studio, a Microsoft Windows program used to create photorealistic images
Government of National Salvation (Vlada narodnog spasa), the colloquial name for the collaborationist puppet government in Serbia between 1941-1944
Vlach National Party (Vlaška narodna stranka), a political party in Serbia
VNS Matrix, Australian artist collective
Voter News Service, a defunct American exit poll consortium
Supercritical flow. A supercritical flow is a flow whose velocity is larger than the wave velocity.  The analogous condition in gas dynamics is supersonic speed.

According to the website Civil Engineering Terms, supercritical flow is defined as follows:  
The flow at which depth of the channel is less than critical depth, velocity of flow is greater than critical velocity and slope of the channel is also greater than the critical slope is known as supercritical flow.

Information travels at the wave velocity.  This is the velocity at which waves travel outwards from a pebble thrown into a lake.  The flow velocity is the velocity at which a leaf in the flow travels.  If a pebble is thrown into a supercritical flow then the ripples will all move down stream whereas in a subcritical flow some would travel up stream and some would travel down stream.  It is only in supercritical flows that hydraulic jumps (bores) can occur.  In fluid dynamics, the change from one behaviour to the other is often described by a dimensionless quantity, where the transition occurs whenever this number becomes less or more than one. One of these numbers is the Froude number:

 
where
 U = velocity of the flow
 g = acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s² or 32.2 ft/s²)
 h = depth of flow relative to the channel bottom

If , we call the flow subcritical; if , we call the flow supercritical.  If , it is critical.

See also
Supercritical fluid
Supercritical vs. subcritical flow
Supersonic
Hypersonic
Sonic black hole

References

The Hydraulics of Open Channel Flow: An Introduction. Physical Modelling of Hydraulics Chanson, Hubert (1999)

Fluid dynamics