omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Carletonite. Carletonite is a rare silicate mineral with formula KNa4Ca4(CO3)4Si8O18(F,OH)·(H2O).

It is a phyllosilicate and a member of the apophyllite group. Its tetragonal crystals are a translucent blue, white, colorless or pink with a vitreous to dull lustre. It has a density of 2.45 and a hardness of 4–4.5.

It was discovered by G.Y Chao and named for the school he attended, Carleton University of Ottawa. It was first described in 1969 for an occurrence at Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec. The type locality at Mont Saint–Hilaire is the only reported occurrence. 

It occurs in hornfels and siliceous marble xenoliths within and adjacent to a nepheline syenite intrusion. It occurs in association with quartz, narsarsukite, calcite, fluorite, ancylite, molybdenite, leucosphenite, lorenzenite, galena, albite, pectolite, apophyllite, leifite, microcline and arfvedsonite.

References 

Phyllosilicates
Carbonate minerals
Tetragonal minerals
Minerals in space group 127
Wallops Flight Facility Visitor Center. The Wallops Flight Facility Visitor Center is located in Building J-17, Wallops Island, Virginia, United States along Route 175. It contains exhibits highlighting past missions conducted at NASA's Wallops Flight Facility. The visitor center also provides information about current activities at Wallops Flight Facility, such as the sounding rocket, balloon and aircraft program. The outside grounds has a rocket garden consisting of rockets and aircraft used for space and aeronautical research, including a full-scale four-stage reentry vehicle used to study the Earth's atmosphere. In addition, the visitor center has educational programs on Earth and space science. It is also a viewing area for rocket launches.

History
The visitor center was established in 1982. It is named Robert L. Krieger Education Complex after the long term head of Wallops Flight Facility.

Exhibits
Some exhibits include:
Moon rock from Apollo 17
Scale models of rockets, satellites, research equipment and aircraft
Science On a Sphere
Hands-on interactive demonstrations and educational videos
Observation deck for watching launches from Wallops Flight Facility
Model rocket launches
Earth As Art

Image gallery

See also
List of NASA Visitor Centers

Notes

External links
NASA Visitor Center (official website)

Aerospace museums in Virginia
Museums in Accomack County, Virginia
NASA visitor centers
Science museums in Virginia
Museums established in 1982
1982 establishments in Virginia
Daihatsu-class landing craft. The  was a type of landing craft used by the Imperial Japanese Army from 1937 to 1945, in the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II. It was designated the "Type A" landing craft by the United States.

History
 was a landing craft of the Imperial Japanese Army, originally developed in 1924, further refined later on and also adopted to the Imperial Japanese Navy service.

Boats were first used in combat on 29 February 1932, during the Shanghai incident landing IJA's 11th Division behind enemy lines blocking enemy from receiving supplies and reinforcements that led to a withdrawal of the Chinese 19th Route Army. This operation was studied carefully by USMC Victor Krulak, with photographs of the boats provided to Andrew Higgins who copied the design into LCVP.

Landing craft were built till the end of World War 2, with one of the last reported combat uses being a supply delivery on the Kaladan River. It took place on 10 May 1944, as a part of the U-Go offensive, where boats were camouflaged with bushes and armed with Type 92 heavy machine guns. An estimated 6000 boats were built for both the Imperial Japanese Army and Navy.

It had a bow ramp that was lowered to disembark cargo upon riding up onto a beach. After reviewing photos of a Daihatsu landing craft, this was adopted by American landing craft designer Andrew Higgins in developing the Landing Craft, Personnel (Large) (LCP(L)) into the Landing Craft, Personnel (Ramped) (LCP(R)) and later the Landing Craft, Vehicle and Personnel (LCVP). However, the Daihatsu landing craft was more seaworthy than an LCVP due to its hull design. It was constructed of a metal hull and powered by a diesel engine.

The landing craft could be modified to carry weapons of up to 37 mm (1.46 inch) caliber as armament and could be uparmoured against 40 mm fire. The 17 meter Toku Daihatsu-class landing craft was a lengthened version that was capable of carrying a medium-sized tank or two eight ton tanks.

Gallery

References

Bibliography
Jentschura, Hansgeorg; Jung, Dieter; and Mickel, Peter. Translated by Brown, J.D. 1977. Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869–1945. Naval Institute Press. .
Morison, Samuel Eliot. 1950. History of United States Naval Operations in World War II, Volume VI: Breaking the Bismarck Barrier, 22 July 1942 – 1 May 1942. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company.
Parillo, Mark P. 1993. The Japanese Merchant Marine in World War II. Naval Institute Press. 

Landing craft
Ships of the Imperial Japanese Army
Amphibious warfare vessels of Japan
Japanese inventions
Embossing (manufacturing). Sheet metal embossing is a metalworking process for producing raised or sunken designs or relief in sheet metal. In contrast to coining (which uses unmatched dies), embossing uses matched male and female dies to achieve the pattern, either by stamping, or by passing a sheet or strip of metal between patterned rollers. It is often combined with foil stamping to create a shiny, 3D effect.

Process

The metal sheet embossing operation is commonly accomplished with a combination of heat and pressure on the sheet metal, depending on what type of embossing is required.  Theoretically, with any of these procedures, the metal thickness is changed in its composition.

Metal sheet is drawn through the male and female roller dies, producing a pattern or design on the metal sheet. Depending on the roller dies used, different patterns can be produced on the metal sheet.  The pressure and a combination of heat actually "irons" while raising the level of the image higher than the substrate to make it smooth.  The term "impressing" refers to an image lowered into the surface of a material, in distinction to an image raised out of the surface of a material.

In most of the pressure embossing operation machines, the upper roll blocks are stationary, while the bottom roll blocks are movable. The pressure with which the bottom roll is raised is referred to as the tonnage capacity.

Embossing machines are generally sized to give  of strip clearance on each side of an engraved embossing roll. Many embossing machines are custom-manufactured, so there are no industry-standard widths. It is not uncommon to find embossing machines in operation producing patterns less than  wide all the way up to machines producing patterns  wide or more.

Characteristics

The metal embossing manufacturing process has these characteristics:

 The ability to form ductile metals.
 Use in medium to high production runs.
 The ability to maintain the same metal thickness before and after embossing.
 The ability to produce unlimited patterns, depending on the roll dies.
 The ability to reproduce the product with no variation.

Commonly used materials 

The following materials are suitable for embossing:

 Aluminium (all alloys)
 Aluminium (T1/T2)
 Brass
 Cold rolled steel
 Copper
 Galvanized steel
 High strength, low alloy, steel
 Hot rolled steel
 Steel (all alloys)
 Zinc

See also 

 Diamond plate
 Repoussé and chasing
 Paper embossing

References

External links
 
 The Art and Science of the Sheet Metal Embossing Process ()
 Embossing metals ()

Metal forming
Macrograph. A macrograph or photomacrograph is an image taken at a scale that is visible to the naked eye, as opposed to a micrographic image, taken with a microscope. It is sometimes defined more precisely as an image at a scale of less than ten times magnification.

Materials science
This term is often applied to a three-dimensional image taken of a material using a low-power stereomicroscope. These images are used in materials science, particularly in the study of stress fractures in metals. This method can also be used to assay the fine structure of steel, in a standardized test called the Baumann method that creates a sulfur print showing the amount and distribution of sulfur inclusions through the metal structure.

References

Laboratory techniques
Materials science
Reed Mill, Kingston. Reed Mill is a tower mill in Kingston, Kent, England that was built in the early nineteenth century and worked until 1915, after which the mill was derelict. In 2010–11 the mill was converted and extended to form residential accommodation.

History

Reed mill was built in the early nineteenth century. It was marked on the 1858–72 Ordnance Survey map. The mill was working until 28 March 1915 when it was tailwinded and the cap and sails were blown off. The fantail was inoperative at the time as a new gear was being cast for it. As it would have cost in excess of £300 to repair the mill was abandoned. Before conversion, the mill was an empty tower, all machinery having been removed.  In 2010-11 the mill was converted and extended to form residential accommodation by RJ Gibbs and Sons LTD. A new-build barn and glass conservatory were built adjoining the mill. The conversion was covered in the first programme of the second series of Channel 4's The Restoration Man programme.

Description

Reed Mill is a four-storey tower mill, formerly with a Kentish-style cap carrying four patent sails. It was winded by a fantail. There was no stage. The mill drove three pairs of millstones.

Millers
Daniel Gouger 1825 - circa 1865
F J Fagg - 1915

References for above:-

See also
 http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/Isle-of-Thanet/2005-09/1126447767

References

External links
Windmill World page on the mill.

Industrial buildings completed in the 19th century
Windmills in Kent
Grinding mills in the United Kingdom
Tower mills in the United Kingdom
Residential buildings completed in 2011
AutoFetch. AutoFetch is a technique for automating the normally manual process of specifying prefetching hints for object–relational mapping queries.

Ali Ibrahim and William Cook at the University of Texas at Austin developed the idea of "AutoFetch" including an implementation for Hibernate and followed later by an implementation in Ebean.

Benefits

Improving the modularity of application code 
AutoFetch uses the program state (typically the call stack) to classify queries. This means that AutoFetch can tune the same query in different ways depending on HOW it was called. 

For example, a Data Access API such as findCustomer(int customerId) can be tuned differently depending on the callers of the method.

Reducing the development and maintenance burden from Developers 
Because AutoFetch automatically gathers the profiling information developers do not need to manually try and gather this information and apply performance optimizations to the code.

AutoFetch can monitor the object graph usage so that if the usage changes, the tuning of the query can change to suit. This reduces the code maintenance issues for developers and maintains optimal performance as usage changes over time.

Working Principle 
AutoFetch collects object graph usage when queries are executed. It collects the 'profile' information which is later used to automatically tune the query on subsequent executions. The ORM query is tuned by determining and automatically adding the correct prefetch directives for each query.

This has shown to improve the performance of the application by reducing "lazy loading". For ORMs that support partial objects, AutoFetch is able to also tune the query by including the properties that the application uses rather than all properties.

See also 
 Object–relational mapping
 Hibernate
 Ebean

References

External links 
 https://web.archive.org/web/20080418084615/http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~aibrahim/autofetch/
 http://sourceforge.net/projects/autofetch/

Object–relational mapping
Heinkel HD 17. The Heinkel HD 17 was a military reconnaissance aircraft produced in Germany in the late 1920s.

Design

The Heinkel HD 17 was a conventional single-bay biplane with strongly staggered wings of unequal span braced with N-type interplane struts. The pilot and observer sat in tandem, open cockpits, and the main units of the fixed, tailskid undercarriage were linked by a cross-axle.

Operational history
The Heinkel HD 17 first flew in 1924. In 1926, it was evaluated by the Reichswehr to equip the secret aviation training school at Lipetsk, and was selected in favour of the competing Albatros L 65. Seven aircraft were purchased and used briefly for training until replaced by more modern designs.

Two Heinkel HD 17s were evaluated in 1924 by the US Army Air Service, being modified by Cox-Klemin to use a Napier Lion and Liberty 12 respectively. Designated by Cox-Klemin as CO-1 and CO-2 respectively (Project numbers P-377 and P-379 were allocated respectively), these planes had no provisions for military equipment during evaluation tests, but were rejected by the USAAS and returned to Cox-Klemin.

Specifications (CO-1)

References

1920s German military reconnaissance aircraft
HD 17
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1924
13th Engineer Regiment (Australia). 13th Engineer Regiment (13ER) is a Army Reserve unit of the Royal Australian Engineers of the Australian Army. The regiment provides the combat engineering capability of the Western Australia based reserve 13th Brigade. The regiment often supports the Royal Western Australia Regiment.

History
The regiment was formed on 1 July 2022 from the 13th Field Squadron. 13th Field Squadron tracing its origins to the 7th Field Company formed in 1907. In 1909 it was renamed the 4th Field Company and changed again to the 6th Field Company in 1910, and finally the 13th Field Company on 1 July 1912. The unit's first major operation was constructing a suspension bridge over the Helena River at Guildford in Western Australia. The Company was not deployed during the First World War, although 100 of its personnel were attached to the First Australian Imperial Force and served at Gallipoli with the 2nd Field Company and in Palestine and France with the 6th Field Company.

In the Second World War the Company served in Darwin in March 1943 before being deployed to New Britain in October 1944, where its major assignment was the construction of a 10,000 ton jetty. It was disbanded after the war in 1946 until it was reraised as the 13th Field Squadron, Citizens Military Force (the precursor to the Army Reserve). It adopted the mascot of a 'little red devil' in the early 1960s, and was made part of the 13th Brigade on 1 February 1988.

Structure
The regiment consists of:
Regimental headquarters
13th Field Squadron
22nd Engineer Squadron

The 13th Field Squadron consists of two combat engineer troops, a training troop and a support troop.

References

Engineer regiments of Australia
Military units and formations of Australia in World War II
Military units and formations established in 2022
Military Units in Western Australia
College of Engineering, Kallooppara. The College of Engineering, Kallooppara (CEKPR, CEK), is an engineering college located in Kallooppara in the Pathanamthitta District of  Kerala. It was established by the Institute of Human Resources Development in 1999. The college is affiliated to the APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University and approved by All India Council for Technical Education.

Hostel
There is a college hostel for girls near to the college, and a hostel for men.

Courses
Undergraduate Courses

The college offers undergraduate B.Tech programs and a postgraduate M.Tech program.
B.Tech in Computer Science and Engineering (CSE)
B.Tech in Computer Science and Engineering - Cyber Security
B.Tech in Electronics and Communication Engineering
B.Tech in Electrical and Electronics Engineering

In addition to B.Tech, the college also offers the following D.Voc (Diploma in Vocation) and B. Voc programs
D.Voc in Electronic Manufacturing Services
D.Voc in Software Development
B.Voc in Cyber Security

Postgraduate Courses
M.Tech in Cyber Forensics and Information Security

Location
CEKPR is situated in the hills of Pathanamthitta district Kallooppara. The Thiruvalla railway station and bus station are 8 km from the college.

Gallery

References

External links
Official website
Cochin University of Science And Technology website
The Institute of Human Resource Development Kerala website

Engineering colleges in Kerala
All India Council for Technical Education
Institute of Human Resources Development
Universities and colleges in Pathanamthitta district
Advanced Power Technologies. Advanced Power Technologies, Inc. (APTI) was an American defense contractor which was acquired by BAE Systems Inc. in March 2003. It was renamed BAE Systems Advanced Technologies.

Aerospace Daily said APTI's "core competencies include radio frequency and optical engineering, communications, networking and signal and data exploitation. It also works on microwave engineering, antenna design and development, optical sensors, plasma and shock physics, advanced ordnance systems, non-destructive testing, signal and image processing and digital control systems."

History
The company was founded by Atlantic Richfield Company (ARCO) as ARCO Advanced Technologies in the late 1980s in Monaca, Pennsylvania. In 1992, the company was involved in the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Project (HAARP) after this project was approved by the U.S. Congress in 1992. A year later, the U.S. Air Force announced that APTI would become the prime contractor of the program. It was acquired by E-Systems in June 1994 and renamed Advanced Power Technologies.

In 1995 E-Systems was itself acquired by Raytheon. In January 1998 APTI was de-merged in a management buy-out to become a private company.

References

BAE Systems subsidiaries and divisions
Defunct semiconductor companies of the United States
Brian Warboys. Brian Warboys (born 30 April 1942), was a British Professor of Software Engineering at the University of Manchester from 1985 until he retired in September 2007. He was subsequently appointed as Professor Emeritus and continues to undertake research. Before joining the university he had worked for ICL, then the UK's largest computer manufacturer. During the 1970s he had been the chief designer of ICL's VME operating system. He is also the author of several non-fiction books.

ICL VME

Warboys worked for ICL from 1963 to 1985. During the 1970s, he was Chief Designer of VME.
VME/B was an advanced operating system and was logical and straightforward to use. Amongst IT professionals it was deemed superior to IBM equivalents.

University of Manchester
As Professor of Software Engineering, Warboys researches the development of techniques which enable the dynamic evolution (the ability to change s/w whilst it is executing) of the  design of very large systems.  He was the founder and principal of the Informatics Process Group (IPG) in the School of Computer Science. IPG was established in 1991 to advance the application of Process Modelling in the context of the organization. Between 1997 and 2002 he led the EPSRC funded Compliant Systems Architecture (CSA) projects.
Within Europe he has headed the Manchester operating system team on the ESPRIT-funded EDS project, and the IPG's involvement in the ESPRIT Basic Research Activity PROMOTER on software process modelling and technology.
In 2001 he led the IPG's involvement in the Framework IV Basic Research Action PIE, process instance evolution, and later the Archware project. in which he was also joint technical coordinator.

Recognition
He was appointed the first ICL Fellow in 1984.

References

1942 births
Living people
ICL Fellows
People associated with the Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester
International Computers Limited people
2-Ethylanthraquinone. 2-Ethylanthraquinone is an organic compound that is a derivative of anthraquinone. This pale yellow solid is used in the industrial production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).

Production
2-Ethylanthraquinone is prepared from the reaction of phthalic anhydride and ethylbenzene: 
C6H4(CO)2O  +  C6H5Et  →   C6H4(CO)2C6H3Et  +  H2O. 
Both phthalic anhydride and ethylbenzene are readily available, being otherwise used in the large-scale production of plastics.

Uses
Hydrogen peroxide is produced industrially by the anthraquinone process which involves using 2-alkyl-9,10-anthraquinones for hydrogenation. Many derivatives of anthraquinone are used but 2-ethylanthraquinone is common because of its high selectivity. The hydrogenation of the unsubstituted ring can reach 90% selectivity by using 2-ethylanthraquinone. Hydrogenation follows the Riedl-Pfleiderer, or autoxidation, process:

The hydrogenation of 2-ethylanthraquinone is catalyzed by palladium. Hydrogenation produces both 2-ethylanthrahydroquinone and tetrahydroanthraquinone. The tetrahydro derivative of 2-alkylanthraquinone is easily hydrogenated but is more difficult to oxidize.  The formation of the tetrahydro derivative can be suppressed through the selection of catalysts, solvents, and reaction conditions. Some suggested solvent mixtures are polyalkylated benzenes and alkyl phosphates or tetraalkyl ureas, trimethylbenzenes and alkylcyclohexanol esters, and methylnaphthalene and nonyl alcohols.

References

Anthraquinones
Heinkel HD 21. The Heinkel HD 21 was a trainer built in Germany during the 1920s. It was a conventional single-bay biplane with staggered wings braced with N-type interplane struts. The main units of the fixed, tailskid undercarriage were linked by a cross-axle, and the aircraft had three open cockpits in tandem, although one of these was typically faired over. The HD 29 of 1925 was essentially similar, but was purely a two-seater.

One HD 21 (registered SE-ACY) was flown as an air ambulance by Carl Gustaf von Rosen for the Red Cross during the Italian invasion of Abyssinia in 1935. Others were flown by the Reichswehr at the clandestine aviation training facility in Lipetsk.

Specifications

References
 
 

1920s German civil trainer aircraft
HD 21
Aircraft first flown in 1924
Dairy machinery. Dairy machinery encompasses and describes a wide range of machine types that are involved in the production and processing of dairy related products such as yogurt, ice cream, processed cheese, desserts and is a slightly different genre to pure milking machinery.

Machine types
Dairy processing machine types include Homogenizer, Separator (milk), Batch mixers, Continuous freezers, Aseptic, UHT & ESL Filling & Process machinery, Butter & Cheese Processing & Packing, CIP and Washing, Non Aseptic Filling Machines, Ageing Vats, Batch Freezers, Batch Pasteurisers, Ice Cream Filling Machines, Ice Cream Fruit Feeders, Ice Cream Ripple machines, Mixers, Emulsifiers, Cutters, Pasteurisers, Separators, Bactofuge and Clarifier packing machines.

Companies
There are a number of manufacturers that specialise in dairy machinery including Alfa Laval, APV plc, Benhil, GEA, Technogel, Tetra Pak, Cattabriga, Promag, ROKK, Carpigiani, Gram, Seital SPX, Stephan and Mark.

History
Nancy Johnson invented the ice cream maker in 1843. It was operated with a hand crank and revolutionised ice cream production. Jacob Fussell ice cream from Baltimore established the first factory for industrially produced ice cream on 15 June 1851 in Seven Valleys, Pennsylvania. Carl von Linde discovered a refrigeration cycle and invented the first industrial-scale air separation and gas liquefaction processes which is the basis of today's industrial and continuous freezers which allow mass production of ice cream, possibly the largest sector in dairy machinery production.

References 

Dairy industry