omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Rug Rage. Rug Rage was the 1993 game of the FIRST Robotics Competition. In it, teams competed individually to score as many balls as possible in their goal.

Game overview

Field

Rug Rage was played on a , rectangular, carpeted field. The edge of the field was lined with PVC pipe. There were four scoring areas, two on each long side of the field set  from the ends. The four robots started in the corners of the field and scored in the goal in the same corner. The goals had horizontal cross bars at their entrances creating an  opening. This allowed the small balls to roll in easily but kept out the  balls.

Gameplay
Four robots played individually in each 2-minute match. In the center of the field were five, , red balls worth 5 points and twenty, , water-filled, blue balls worth 1 point. The goal was to ferry balls into a team's respective goal and earn the most points. As the large balls couldn't fit under the goals' cross bar, they had to be lifted over. In the event of a tie, the team with the most large balls scored in its goal won.

Robots
Robots had to fit within a  cube and weigh no more than . Unlike the previous year, robots were powered by an on-board battery and not an umbilical. Robots were controlled by an on-board Motorola micro controller. Commands were sent by the drivers through an 8 position joystick and a Termiflex keypad controller.

Awards
The following awards were presented at the competition:
Chairman's Award
Most Creative Design
Best Offensive Round
Outstanding Defense
Best Play of the Day
Best Team Spirit Display
Best Sportsmanship
Number One Seed

References

External links

1993 in robotics
FIRST Robotics Competition games
Baudline. The baudline time-frequency browser is a signal analysis tool designed for scientific visualization. It runs on several Unix-like operating systems under the X Window System. Baudline is useful for real-time spectral monitoring, collected signals analysis, generating test signals, making distortion measurements, and playing back audio files.


Applications
 Acoustic cryptanalysis
 Audio codec lossy compression analysis 
 Audio signal processing
 Bioacoustics research
 Data acquisition (DAQ)
 Gravitational Wave analysis
 Infrasound monitoring
 Musical acoustics
 Radar
 Seismic data processing
 SETI
 Signal analysis
 Software Defined Radio
 Spectral analysis
 Very low frequency (VLF) reception
 WWV frequency measurement

Features
 Spectrogram, Spectrum, Waveform, and Histogram displays
 Fourier, Correlation, and Raster transforms
 SNR, THD, SINAD, ENOB, SFDR distortion measurements
 Channel equalization
 Function generator
 Digital down converter
 Audio playing with real-time DSP effects like speed control, pitch scaling, frequency shifting, matrix surround panning, filtering, and digital gain boost
 Audio recording of multiple channels
 JACK Audio Connection Kit sound server support
 Import AIFF, AU, WAV, FLAC, MP3, Ogg Vorbis, AVI, MOV, and other file formats

License
The old baudline version comes with no warranty and is free to download. The binaries may be used for any purpose, though no form of redistribution is permitted. The new baudline version is available via a subscription model and site license.

See also
 Linux audio software
 List of information graphics software
 List of numerical analysis software
 Digital signal processing

References

External links
 
 User discussion group at Google Groups
 SigBlips DSP Engineering

Time–frequency analysis
Linux media players
Acoustics software
Numerical software
Unix software
Audio software with JACK support
Science software for Linux
Science software for macOS
Audio software for Linux
Disco Corporation. is a Japanese precision tools maker, especially for the semiconductor production industry.

The company makes dicing saws and laser saws to cut semiconductor silicon wafers and other materials; grinders to process silicon and compound semiconductor wafers to ultra-thin levels; polishing machines to remove the grinding damage layer from the wafer back-side and to increase chip strength.

History
The company was founded as Daiichi-Seitosho in May 1937, as an industrial abrasive wheel manufacturer.

After World War II Japan faced a construction boom which also helped DISCO to boost its sales. The company's grinder discs were in high demand from utility companies, which needed them to manufacture watt-meters.

In December 1968 the company developed and released an ultra-thin resinoid cutting wheel, Microncut. The wheel contained diamond powder and as a result it was capable of making sharp, precision cuts as demanded in the semiconductor manufacturing process. There were no cutting machines available in the market on which ultra-thin precision wheels could be mounted and run, DISCO decided to develop its own machine in 1975. The cutting machine, DAD-2h, received instant recognition from semiconductor companies, including Texas Instruments.

The company adopted the name of DISCO Corporation in May 1977, was listed with the Japan Securities Dealers' Association in October 1989, and entered the First Section of the Tokyo Stock Exchange in December 1999.

References

External links

Disco Corporation global website 
European Website 

Manufacturing companies of Japan
Equipment semiconductor companies
Companies based in Tokyo
Manufacturing companies established in 1937
Companies listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange
Japanese brands
Japanese companies established in 1937
Harlan Anderson. Harlan Anderson (October 15, 1929 - January 30, 2019) was an American engineer and entrepreneur, best known as the co-founder of Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), which later became the second largest computer company in the world. Other notable entities that Anderson has been associated with include Lincoln Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he was a member of the technical staff. He served as Director of Technology for Time, Inc., where he spearheaded their evaluation of the future of the printed word during the explosion of television, long before the Internet existed.

Anderson participated in early stage financing for over 20 small technology companies. He was a trustee of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) for 16 years. He was a member of the Board of Advisors of the College of Engineering at the University of Illinois, and a trustee of the Boston Symphony Orchestra.

Anderson was the author of the autobiography entitled, Learn, Earn & Return:  My Life as a Computer Pioneer.

Education 
Anderson earned both a B.S. and M.S. in Physics from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign in the early 1950s, where he became interested in computers. He took programming courses for the ILLIAC I computer, which was under construction at this time. The courses were taught by the computer pioneer, David Wheeler of the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory. He received a B.S. degree in Engineering Physics and a Masters in Physics in 1951 and 1952 respectively.

Digital Equipment Corporation
In 1957, Anderson and Ken Olsen, his boss at Lincoln Laboratory, decided to start their own firm. They approached American Research and Development Corporation, an early venture capital firm, which had been founded by Georges Doriot, and founded Digital Equipment Corporation after receiving $70,000 for a 70% share. They rented space in what had been a woolen mill building in Maynard, Massachusetts. Anderson was employee #2. He departed DEC in 1966 after a dispute with Olsen about the management structure of the company.

References

External links
 The Demise of Digital Equipment Corporation: What made the difference at DEC?
 The Mouse That Roared: PDP-1 Celebration Event panel, 15 May 2006.
 "Remembering DEC: Memoir from Co-Founder Harlan Anderson Due Out in November" Boston Globe, October 22, 2009
 "A Personal Take on the Rise and Fall of Digital" Boston Globe, October 26, 2009

1929 births
2019 deaths
Digital Equipment Corporation people
21st-century American engineers
Grainger College of Engineering alumni
MIT Lincoln Laboratory people
Junction box. An electrical junction box (also known as a "jbox") is an enclosure housing electrical connections. Junction boxes protect the electrical connections from the weather, as well as protecting people from accidental electric shocks.

Functions of the junction box
A small metal, plastic or fiberglass junction box may form part of an electrical conduit or thermoplastic-sheathed cable (TPS) wiring system in a building. If designed for surface mounting, it is used mostly in ceilings, concrete or concealed behind an access panel—particularly in domestic or commercial buildings. An appropriate type (such as that shown in the gallery) may be buried in the plaster of a wall (although full concealment is no longer allowed by modern codes and standards) or cast into concrete—with only the cover visible.

It sometimes includes built-in terminals for the joining of wires.

A similar, usually wall mounted, container used mainly to accommodate switches, sockets and the associated connecting wiring is called a pattress.

The term junction box may also be used for a larger item, such as a piece of street furniture. In the UK, such items are often called a cabinet. See Enclosure (electrical).

Junction boxes form an integral part of a circuit protection system where circuit integrity has to be provided, as for emergency lighting or emergency power lines, or the wiring between a nuclear reactor and a control room. In such an installation, the fireproofing around the incoming or outgoing cables must also be extended to cover the junction box to prevent short circuits inside the box during an accidental fire.

Solar panel

A PV junction box is attached to the back of the solar panel and it is its output interface.

See also
 Pattress
 Cable tray
 Centrex
 Circuit integrity
 Distribution board
 Electric power distribution
 Electrical wiring
 Grounding
 Insulation
 IP Code
 Solar micro-inverter
 Passive fire protection

References 

Back Junction Boxes

External links

 NEMA: National Electrical Manufacturers Association
 IBEW: International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers
 NECA: National Electrical Contractors Association

Cables
Electrical wiring
Len Kawell. Len Kawell is an engineer and entrepreneur who once worked at Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), where he was one of the designers of the VAX/VMS operating system. He also played a key role in the development of the MicroVAX computer, VAX Notes, and VMC Mail. Like DEC co-founders Harlan Anderson and Ken Olsen, Kawell graduated from the University of Illinois with a degree in computer science.

Kawell was co-founder and president of Glassbook, Inc., that was eventually acquired by Adobe. The company developed PDF-based e-book reading software. He was also one of the co-founders of Iris Associates, where he co-designed Lotus Notes, the first commercial groupware product. He would later go on to become the founder of Pepper Computer, where he served as chief executive officer. The company was based in Lexington, Massachusetts, and was the developer of the Pepper Pad internet appliance/game console.

External links
Mini bio at Pepper Computer
DCS alum Kawell's Pepper Pad puts Internet media into consumers' hands

University of Illinois alumni
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
List of academic institutions formerly affiliated to the University of Calcutta. The following is a list of academic institutions formerly affiliated to the University of Calcutta, in Kolkata, India:

Acharya Brojendra Nath Seal College
Armenian College
Barasat Government College
Bareilly College
Bengal Engineering College
Bengal Veterinary College
Bidhannagar College
Brajalal College
Calcutta National Medical College
Carmichael College, Rangpur
Chittagong College
Comilla Victoria College
Cotton College, Guwahati
Dhaka College
Govt. Azizul Haque College
Government College, Lahore
Hislop College, Nagpur
Holkar Science College, Indore
Thomason College of Civil Engineering
Indian Statistical Institute, Calcutta
Kumudini College, Tangail
Medical College Calcutta
Midnapore College
Mohammadan Anglo Oriental College
Mohindra College, Patiala
Morris College, Nagpur
Murari Chand College, Sylhet
Nawab Jassa Singh Ahluwalia Government College, Kapurthala (1857-1882) 
Nil Ratan Sarkar Medical College and Hospital
Presidency College, Kolkata
R. G. Kar Medical College and Hospital
Rajshahi College
Ravenshaw College, Cuttack
Royal College Colombo
St. Stephen's College, Delhi
Suri Vidyasagar College
Tripura Engineering College
Rangoon College

References 

 
formerly affiliated
Bongaigaon Refinery. Bongaigaon Refinery is an oil refinery and petrochemical complex located in the town of Bongaigaon in the administrative district of Chirang in Assam, India.

Sources

External links
www.swaminomics.org

Energy in Assam
Oil refineries in India
Companies based in Assam
Indian Oil Corporation buildings and structures
1972 establishments in Assam
Indian companies established in 1972
Ordtech Military Industries. Ordtech Military Industries (OMI) is a defense and aerospace company specializing in the design, development, and production of advanced military equipment and aerospace systems. It was established in the 1980s in Greece, with production facilities in Tripoli and Kilkis (as Ordtech Hellas) and in other countries worldwide. 

Ordtech Military Industries produces, designs, upgrades and supports a wide range of weapons systems, munitions, aircraft armaments, missile systems, and other technologies. Its products and services include guided munitions, composite propellants, aerial bombs, unmanned military aircraft, launchers and unguided rockets, countermeasures, ordnance and weapons systems for aerial, land, and naval forces.

See also 

 List of defense contractors
 Aerospace industry
 Military technology

External links
 

Defence companies of Greece
Guided missiles of Greece
Aerial bombs
Greek brands
Companies based in Kilkis
Tert-Butyloxycarbonyl protecting group. The tert-butyloxycarbonyl protecting group or tert-butoxycarbonyl protecting group (BOC group) is an acid-labile protecting group used in organic synthesis.

The BOC group can be added to amines under aqueous conditions using di-tert-butyl dicarbonate in the presence of a base such as sodium hydroxide:

Protection of amines can also be accomplished in acetonitrile solution using 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) as the base.

Removal of the BOC group in amino acids can be accomplished with strong acids such as trifluoroacetic acid in dichloromethane, or with HCl in methanol. A complication may be the tendency of the t-butyl cation intermediate to alkylate other nucleophiles; scavengers such as anisole or thioanisole may be used.
Selective cleavage of the N-Boc group in the presence of other protecting groups is possible when using AlCl3.

Sequential treatment with trimethylsilyl iodide then methanol can also be used for Boc deprotection, especially where other deprotection methods are too harsh for the substrate. The mechanism involves silylation of the carbonyl oxygen and elimination of tert-butyl iodide (), methanolysis of the silyl ester to the carbamic acid () and finally decarboxylation to the amine ().

Amine protection  

The tert-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc) group is used as a protecting group for amines in organic synthesis.

Common amine protection methods 
Simple rapid stirring of a mixture of the amine and di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (Boc2O) suspended in water at ambient temperature, an example of an on-water reaction.
Heating a mixture of the amine to be protected and di-tert-butyl dicarbonate in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at 40 °C
Add the amine to sodium hydroxide and di-tert-butyl dicarbonate in water and THF at 0 °C then warm to ambient temperature.
Heating a mixture of the amine to be protected and di-tert-butyl dicarbonate in a biphasic mixture of chloroform and aqueous sodium bicarbonate at reflux for 90 minutes.
Add the amine to di-tert-butyl dicarbonate, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), and acetonitrile (MeCN) at ambient temperature

BOC-protected amines are prepared using the reagent di-tert-butyl-iminodicarboxylate.  Upon deprotonation, this reagent affords a doubly BOC-protected source of NH, which can be N-alkylated.  The approach is complementary to the Gabriel synthesis of amines.

Common amine deprotection methods 
 Mix the protected carbamate to be deprotected with 3 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) in ethyl acetate for 30 min at ambient temperature
 Heat the carbamate in a mixture of aqueous hydrochloric acid and toluene at 65 °C
 Dissolving desired protected compound in a 50/50 mix of dichloromethane and trifluoroacetic acid

References

Protecting groups
Tert-butyl compounds
St. Julian's railway bridge. The St. Julian's railway bridge is a crossing of the River Usk close to the city of Newport, South Wales. and currently carries the Welsh Marches Line across the river in a north—south direction. Due to the meanderings of the river, all the other crossings are east—west.

The bridge was opened to traffic during 1874 by the Pontypool, Caerleon and Newport Railway. Consisting of four brick-built arches and four wrought iron lattice truss spans with wrought iron cross girders and plate floors, the structure carries a pair of railway lines across the river. In the 1960s, the bridge underwent a strengthening and refurbishment programme; during the early 2010s, the viaduct was again subject to structural repairs and remedial works.

History
The origins of the St. Julian's railway bridge are closely associated with that of the Pontypool, Caerleon and Newport Railway, for whom the structure was built for. Its construction was necessary for the line to traverse the River Usk. The bridge was originally completed during 1874.

The viaduct has been subject to remedial works several times throughout its lifespan. During the 1960s, a major strengthening scheme was conducted under the auspices of nationalised railway operator British Rail. By the early 2010s, detailed surveys of the bridge had determined that the aging structure was once again in need of strengthening, thus national rail infrastructure owner Network Rail appointed Balfour Beatty as the prime contractor for planning and overseeing these works. During a six-month period across 2014, the bridge was subject to significant repairs to its steelwork and masonry, including the installation of additional bracing to strengthen the main deck; a major aim of these works was to increase the bridge's capacity wherever reasonable to do so. Throughout the project, efforts were made to minimise any impact on the passage of river traffic.

References

External links
 
 St Julian's Railway Bridge of Newport (Wales) via visitoruk.com
 St. Julian's railway bridge via latitude.to

Bridges in Newport, Wales
Railway bridges in Wales
Evgeni Gross. Evgenii Fedorovich Gross (1897 – 1972) was a Soviet physicist working in optics and spectroscopy of condensed matter.

He graduated from Leningrad University in 1924. He became a correspondent member of the USSR Academy of Sciences in 1946.

His two key achievements are the experimental observation of the fine structure of Rayleigh scattering line due to Brillouin-Mandelstam light scattering on acoustic waves in condensed matter (1930) and the experimental discovery of the exciton (in semiconductor crystals of cuprous oxide) through evidence of its hydrogen-like optical spectrum.

References

1897 births
1972 deaths
Soviet physicists
Saint Petersburg State University alumni
Kerala Engineering Architecture Medical. Kerala Engineering Architecture Medical (KEAM) is an entrance examination series for admissions to various professional degree courses in the state of Kerala, India. It is conducted by the Office of the Commissioner of Entrance Exams run by the Government of Kerala.

See also 
 List of institutions of higher education in Kerala
 List of Engineering Colleges in Kerala

References

External links 
Official Website of the Commissioner for Entrance Examinations, Kerala
Official Website of the Commissioner for Entrance Examinations, Kerala; Alternative Website

Universities and colleges in Kerala
Standardised tests in India
Organisations based in Thiruvananthapuram
Engineering entrance examinations in India
Educational institutions in India with year of establishment missing
Database machine. A database machines or back end processor is a computer or special hardware that stores and retrieves data from a database. It is specially designed for database access and is tightly coupled to the main (front-end) computer(s) by a high-speed channel, whereas a database server is a general-purpose computer that holds a database and it's loosely coupled via a local area network to its clients.

Database machines can retrieve large amount of data using hundreds to thousands of microprocessors with database software. The front end processor asks the back end (typically sending a query expressed in a query language) the data and further processes it. The back end processor on the other hand analyzes and stores the data from the front end processor. Back end processors result in higher performance, increasing host main memory, increasing database recovery and security, and decreasing cost to manufacture.

History 
Britton-Lee (IDM), Tandem (Non-Stop System), and Teradata (DBC) all offered early commercial specialized database machines. A more recent example was Oracle Exadata.

Criticism and suggested remedy

According to Julie McCann,

See also
 Content Addressable File Store (CAFS)

References

Further reading
 Berra, P. Bruce. “Data base machines.” SIGIR Forum 12, 3 (Winter 1977), 4–23. https://doi.org/10.1145/1095317.1095318
 Banerjee, Jayanta. “Data structuring and indexing for data base machines.” In Proceedings of the fifth workshop on Computer architecture for non-numeric processing (CAW '80). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 11–16. https://doi.org/10.1145/800083.802687
 Song, Siang Wun. “A Survey and Taxonomy of Database Machines.” IEEE Database Eng. Bull. 4 (1981): 3-13.
 Hoffer, Jeffrey A.; Alexander, Mary B. “The diffusion of database machines.” SIGMIS Database 23, 2 (Spring 1992): 13–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/141342.141352

Classes of computers
Databases