omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
PCF. PCF may refer to:

Computing
 PC Format, a monthly magazine
 Percentage-closer filtering, a shadow mapping technique in computer graphics

 Pivotal Cloud Foundry, a version of the open source Cloud Foundry  software supported by Pivotal Software
 Point coordination function, a media access control technique used in wireless LANs
 Pair correlation function, a statistical tool to measure spatial correlation
 Polymer-clad fiber, a type of optical fiber
 Programming Computable Functions, a functional programming language

File formats
 Physical Constraints File, a file format for the specification of FPGA
 Portable Compiled Format, a file format for distributing bitmap fonts
 Portable Content Format, a file format for DVB-based interactive television
 Profile Configuration File, a configuration file used to set up VPN connections
 Page configuration Format (Guidewire)

Technology
 Photonic-crystal fiber
 Pounds per cubic foot, a non-SI unit for density
 Pivotal Cloud Foundry
 Product carbon footprint method

Other
 Pan-Canadian Framework on Clean Growth and Climate Change
PAP Community Foundation, Singapore charity
 Parti Communiste Français, the French Communist party 
 Participatory Culture Foundation, U.S. charity to encourage individual political participation
 A US Navy hull classification symbol: Patrol craft fast (PCF) (Swift boats)
 PathCheck Foundation, COVID-19 Exposure Notification App
 PCF theory, in mathematics
 President's Choice Financial, Canadian financial service company
 Prevent Cancer Foundation, U.S. charity
 Princeton Christian Fellowship, campus ministry
 Prostate Cancer Foundation, U.S. charity
 People Can Fly, a video game developer
 Port Canaveral, Florida, United States
Saab Monster. The Saab Monster was an experimental car made by Saab in 1959. This project was part of Saab's work in motorsport and the need to derive more power from their two-stroke powerplant.

Design
The project consisted of a 'Toreador Red' Saab 93 with all excess weight removed, including the bonnet, which was replaced by a plastic one. The engineers then installed two transversely-mounted  two-stroke, three cylinder engines, in a 'split in-line' configuration, driving the front wheels through a modified clutch and gearbox assembly. The drivetrain also used two distributors and an enlarged radiator.

This arrangement gave the car about  and a top speed of  (achieved at Såtenäs airfield). 
The low weight and the 'drop' or aerofoil shape of the body gave the rear end a tendency to become airborne when approaching the top speed. The amount of torque, coupled with front-wheel drive, also gave rise to severe understeer. It was the combination of immense power and poor handling that gave rise to the name 'Monster'.

History
Started in 1959, this project was a part of Saab's work in motorsport and the need to derive more power from their then-standard two-stroke powerplant.
During the project there was a speed record attempt but this was not recognised on account of discrepancies in scrutineering and recording. 
In the end, the project was terminated because it proved impractical.

The restored Saab Monster is now on display in the Saab museum in Trollhättan.

In the early 1970s Saab and Sportpromotion built a similar vehicle powered by two V4 engines giving .

External links 
History

Monster
Front-wheel-drive vehicles
Heinrich Hertel. Heinrich Hertel (13 November 1901 in Düsseldorf – 5 December 1982)  was a German aeronautical engineer.

After graduating as an engineer from Technische Hochschule München (now Technical University Munich), he joined the Junkers company in 1926.  In 1932, he was recruited by Ernst Heinkel and two years later was made the Technical Director of the Heinkel company — within which Siegfried and Walter Günter were already well-established as top engineers — where he oversaw many projects including the Heinkel He 100 and He 111.

In May 1939 he returned to the board of directors at Junkers where he was closely connected with the development of the Junkers Ju 288 and Ju 248.
In February 1945, he also worked on a project of the Dornier Do 635, one of the twin boom fighter aircraft developed from Dornier Do 335 but the project was cancelled in 1945.

After World War II, Hertel worked in France before returning to Germany in 1950 to teach aeronautics in Berlin.  From 1959 until his retirement in 1977 he worked as a technical consultant for Focke-Wulf in Bremen.

References

1901 births
1982 deaths
Aircraft designers
German aerospace engineers
Technical University of Munich alumni
Academic staff of Technische Universität Berlin
Engineering educators
Officers Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Scientists from Düsseldorf
Engineers from North Rhine-Westphalia
Physics Analysis Workstation. The Physics Analysis Workstation (PAW) is an interactive, scriptable computer software tool for data analysis and graphical presentation in high-energy physics.

The development of this software tool started at CERN in 1986, it was optimized for the processing of very large amounts of data. It was based on and intended for inter-operation with components of CERNLIB, an extensive collection of Fortran libraries.

PAW had been a standard tool in high energy physics for decades, yet was essentially unmaintained. Despite continuing popularity as of 2008, it has been losing ground to the C++-based ROOT package. Conversion tutorials exist. In 2014, development and support were stopped.

Sample script

PAW uses its own scripting language. Here is sample code (with its actual output), which can be used to plot data gathered in files.

* read data
vector/read X,Y input_file.dat

* eps plot

fort/file 55 gg_ggg_dsig_dphid_179181.eps
meta 55 -113

opt linx   | linear scale
opt logy   | logarithmic scale

* here goes plot

set plci 1       | line color
set lwid 2       | line width
set dmod 1       | line type (solid, dotted, etc.)
graph 32 X Y AL   | 32 stands for input data lines in input file

* plot title and comments

set txci 1
atitle '[f] (deg)' 'd[s]/d[f]! (mb)'

set txci 1
text 180.0 2e1 '[f]=179...181 deg' 0.12

close 55

References

External links 
 PAW (at CERN)
 The PAW History Seen by the CERN Computer News Letters
 CERNLIB (at CERN)
 ROOT (at CERN)

Free science software
Free software programmed in Fortran
Physics software
CERN software
Blue Shift (short story). "Blue Shift" is a novelette that appears in Stephen Baxter's collection of linked stories anthology novel Vacuum Diagrams. "Blue Shift" was originally published in Writers of the Future volume 5 in 1989.

Plot summary
Set in A.D. 5406, the story begins on an Earth that has been occupied by the Qax, an amorphous lifeform that profits from information and technology trade, for four centuries.  Jim Bolder, a space pilot on the run from creditors, accepts an assignment from the Qax through a human intermediary to determine just what the Xeelee are constructing at the center of the local supercluster.  Bolder is provided with a Xeelee nightfighter that can travel faster than light. 

As Bolder in the nightfighter approaches the Great Attractor, he discovers the Xeelee are constructing a massive ring from its matter, which they intend to use to flee the universe itself. The gravity from the ring pulled galaxies from all over the universe, and their light is blue-shifted, hence the title. But the Qax will not allow this information to be released, intending to keep it—and a possible defense against the Xeelee—for their own profit.  Bolder dodges the Qax and launches a "starbreaker" that will gradually cause the Qax homeworld's sun to go nova, requiring them to divert their resources from the occupation of Earth, liberating the planet.

References 

1989 short stories
Short stories by Stephen Baxter
Common Public License. In computing, the Common Public License (CPL) is a free software / open-source software license published by IBM. The Free Software Foundation and Open Source Initiative have approved the license terms of the CPL.

Definition
The CPL has the stated aims of supporting and encouraging collaborative open-source development while still retaining the ability to use the CPL'd content with software licensed under other licenses, including many proprietary licenses. The Eclipse Public License (EPL) consists of a slightly modified version of the CPL.

The CPL has some terms that resemble those of the GNU General Public License (GPL), but some key differences exist. A similarity relates to distribution of a modified computer program: under either license (CPL or GPL), one must make the source code of a modified program available to others.

CPL, like the GNU Lesser General Public License, allows non-CPL-licensed software to link to a library under CPL without requiring the linked source code to be made available to the licensee.

CPL lacks compatibility with both versions of the GPL because it has a "choice of law" section in section 7, which restricts legal disputes to a certain court.  Another source of incompatibility is the differing copyleft requirements.

To reduce the number of open source licenses, IBM and Eclipse Foundation agreed upon using solely the Eclipse Public License in the future. Open Source Initiative therefore lists the Common Public License as deprecated and superseded by EPL.

Projects using the Common Public License
 Microsoft has released its Windows Installer XML (WiX) developer tool, Windows Template Library (WTL) and the FlexWiki engine under the CPL as SourceForge projects.
 Some projects of the COIN-OR Foundation use the CPL.

See also

 Software license
 Software using the Common Public License (category)

References

External links
 Open Source Initiative The CPL License
 The CPL License from IBM
 The COIN-OR web page

IBM
Free and open-source software licenses
Copyleft software licenses

de:Eclipse Public License
X-Plane (simulator). X-Plane is a flight simulation software initially launched by Laminar Research in 1995. Commercial desktop versions are sold for macOS, Windows, and Linux. In addition, Laminar Research also distributes FAA-certified versions for professional use. A mobile version has been available for Android, iOS, and webOS since 2009 as well.

Flight model

X-Plane implements an aerodynamic model called blade element theory.

Network flight
X-Plane can connect to other X-Plane instances via UDP or TCP for multiplayer flight simulation, networked multi-monitor X-Plane configurations or to plugins, such as Pilot Edge, which themselves communicate with other X-Plane instances.

Commercial and professional use
The professional use version allows FAA certified flight training hours to be logged.

See also
 FlightGear Flight Simulator
 Microsoft Flight Simulator (Flight Simulator 2024)
 Lockheed Martin Prepar3D
 Digital Combat Simulator
 GeoFS
 FlightSimCon

References

External links

 
 X-Plane at MobyGames

1995 video games
Android (operating system) games
Flight simulation video games
General flight simulators
IOS games
Linux games
Classic Mac OS games
MacOS games
Video games developed in the United States
Windows games
Laminar Research games
DRI. DRI or D.R.I. may stand for:

Business
 DRI, the NYSE stock symbol for Darden Restaurants, Inc.
 Digital Research Inc, first large software company in the business for microcomputers
 Data Resources Inc., a former distributor of economic data, now part of IHS Global Insight
 Diamond Resorts International Inc. a vacation ownership company

Computing
 Declarative referential integrity, in databases
 Direct Rendering Infrastructure, a software interface

Government
 United States District Court for the District of Rhode Island
 Directorate of Revenue Intelligence, Intelligence Agency of India

Healthcare and bioscience
 Dietary Reference Intake, dietary recommendation
 Doncaster Royal Infirmary, South Yorkshire, UK
 Dopamine reuptake inhibitor, class of drugs
 Former Dundee Royal Infirmary, Scotland, UK

Other organisations
 Desert Research Institute, environmental research
Direct Relief, health NGO
Directly Responsible Individual, Project specific title in Apple Computer's Corporate ecosystem.

Other
 Direct reduced iron, used in steel production
 D.R.I. (band), Dirty Rotten Imbeciles, an American crossover thrash band
Uccel. UCCEL Corp, previously called University Computing Company ("UCC"), was a data processing service bureau on the campus of Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas. It was founded by the Wyly brothers (Sam and Charles, Jr.) in 1963. The name change in the mid-1980s was brought about by Gregory Liemandt, placed as CEO by the majority stockholder, a Swiss citizen named Walter Haefner through Careal Holding AG of Zürich. By 1972, the company operated a middle-sized datacenter in Troy, Michigan, and a huge facility in Arlington, Texas, based on top-of-the-line IBM/360 (and later IBM/370) processors.

Uccel's "big-ticket item" claim to fame was software called UCC-1/TMS (Tape Management System), an IBM mainframe product for managing the tape library in an OS/MVS operating system environment.  In 1980, they developed their second "big hitter" and most profitable product, UCC-7 (job scheduler).  The UCC-1, UCC-7, UCC-11 (batch job rerun/restart add-on) suite led the market for tape management and job scheduling.

In 1986, UCCEL Corporation purchased Cambridge Systems Group, Inc., which marketed for SKK, Inc. and their market-leading ACF2 mainframe security product.  In June 1987, Uccel was unexpectedly bought out by its archrival, Computer Associates, which aggressively sold directly competing products CA-Dynam/TLMS (tape management), CA-Scheduler and batch job scheduling products originally from Capex Corporation (flagship products "Optimizer" and "TLMS")  and Value Software, plus CA-Top Secret (security / mainframe discretionary access control).

References

https://web.archive.org/web/20070927231947/http://www.horatioalger.com/members/member_info.cfm?memberid=wyl70
http://www.samandcharleswyly.com/sam-wyly-business-industry-texas.htm
http://www.umich.edu/~msjrnl/backmsj/011397/wyly.html

Southern Methodist University
Service companies of the United States
CA Technologies
Software companies based in Texas
Software companies established in 1963
Saab EV-1. The Saab EV-1, or Saab 900 Turbo EV-1, was developed by Saab in 1985 as a fully functional and roadworthy future concept car, EV-1 stands for ´Experimental Vehicle One´.

It was a wedge shaped 2 + 2 sports coupé body style based on the Saab 900 Turbo 16v. The body was steel and the roof all glass. The design was made by Björn Envall, and the metal work was done by Leif Mellberg included features such as a solar powered interior cooling fan, with 66 solar cells mounted in the glass roof. 

This device cooled the car when parked in sunlight. The front and rear bumpers (fenders) were designed to absorb impacts and revert to their original shape. They were made of Aramid fibre (Twaron or Kevlar) reinforced composites. The side doors featured carbon-fibre side impact protection. 

Most of the parts were from the Saab 900 Turbo 16 and modified, but the seats came from a Chevrolet Corvette. The engine was tuned to give 285 hp (213 kW). The top speed was  and 0 to  acceleration took 6.9 seconds. 

The speedometer lights only illuminate the area around the current speed; a modified version of this feature has been incorporated as standard on later production Saab models. The windshield is wrap around and very deep and steeply inclined for the era, while the A-pillar has a much more vertical angle, providing excellent driver visibility.

The EV-1 can be seen in the background of Back to the Future Part II.

External links
EV-1 in "The Saab Museum"
EV-1 in "Back to the future II".
EV-1 in "Road & Track article 1985".
EV-1 mellbergscustom.com''".

EV-1
Front-wheel-drive vehicles
Odra (computer). Odra was a line of computers manufactured in Wrocław, Poland. The name comes from the Odra river that flows through the city of Wrocław.

Overview
The production started in 1959–1960. Models 1001, 1002, 1003, 1013, 1103, 1204 were of original Polish construction. Models 1304 and 1305 were functional counterparts of ICL 1905 and 1906 due to software agreement. The last model was 1325 based on two models by ICL.

The computers were built at the Elwro manufacturing plant, which was closed in 1993. 

Odra 1002 was capable of only 100–400 operations per second.

In 1962, Witold Podgórski, an employee of Elwro, created computer game Marienbad on a prototype of Odra 1003; it was an adaptation of a variant of Nim, as depicted in the film Last Year at Marienbad. The computer could play a perfect game and was guaranteed to win. The game was never distributed outside of the Elwro company, but its versions appeared elsewhere. It was probably the first Polish computer game in history.

The operating system used by the Odra 1204 is called SODA. It was designed to work on a small computer without magnetic storage and
can run simultaneous loading and execution of programs.

An Odra 1204 computer was used by a team in Leningrad developing an ALGOL 68 compiler in 1976.  The Odra 1204 ran the syntax analysis, code generation ran on an IBM System/360.

Up until 30 April 2010 there was still one Odra 1305 working at the railway station in Wrocław Brochów. The system was shut down at 22:00 CEST and replaced with a contemporary computer system.

The Museum of the History of Computers and Information Technology (Muzeum Historii Komputerów i Informatyki) in Katowice, Poland started a project to recommission an Odra 1305 in 2017.

Literature

See also

History of computing in Poland
History of computer hardware in Eastern Bloc countries

References

Early computers 
Science and technology in Poland
Flying bomb. A flying bomb is a manned or unmanned aerial vehicle or aircraft carrying a large explosive warhead, a precursor to contemporary cruise missiles. In contrast to a bomber aircraft, which is intended to release bombs and then return to its base for re-use, a flying bomb crashes into its target and is therefore destroyed in its attack.

The term flying bomb is most frequently associated with two specific Second World War weapons, the German V-1 and the Japanese Ohka. The former was unpiloted, as the first known cruise missile ever deployed in combat; the latter carried a pilot on a kamikaze mission.

Historic exemplars
The Sphere of March 13, 1915 published an article on "The Possibilities of an Aerial Torpedo Controlled by Wireless", suggested by a "correspondent to the Sphere" and declared feasible by an "aviation expert".

The first attempt to build a flying bomb (alternatively called an "aerial torpedo" in the Navy) was undertaken by Elmer Sperry for the US Navy in 1916, called the Hewitt-Sperry Automatic Airplane, and was based on a Curtiss N-9 seaplane. This led to a mission-specific Curtiss design, the Curtiss-Sperry Flying Bomb, which was almost completely unsuccessful. The US Army also tried to develop a flying bomb in World War I, the Kettering Bug, but the war ended before the program could mature. The functioning but unsuccessful German Mistel flying bomb was essentially an enormous shaped charge mounted on a repurposed twin-engined medium bomber's airframe (most often a Junkers Ju 88) in place of the cockpit, that was guided by a fighter sitting on top. The fighter first took a course towards the target, then released the Mistel which would continue to its target. The best known example of a flying bomb is the German V-1, many of which targeted London in 1944 during World War II.

Types
Flying bombs may be powered or unpowered, piloted or unpiloted, although unpowered flying bombs such as the United States Navy Bat and German Hagelkorn ("Hailstone") and Fritz X designed during World War II are usually referred to as glide bombs. Flying bombs are analogous to modern cruise missiles such as the jet-powered Tomahawk and rocket-powered Exocet, in that they are equipped with wings to provide lift over a long distance and generally have engines that operate up until impact. This is significantly different from  ballistic missiles, which are launched on a ballistic trajectory and do not rely on lift to reach their targets.

See also
 Aerial torpedo
 Fieseler Fi 103R Reichenberg, the "R IV" version of which was intended to be a piloted flying bomb
 Loitering munition

External links
 V1 Flying Bomb
 Curtiss/Sperry "Flying Bomb"
 Developing the Flying Bomb

Missile types
Cruise missiles
Guided bombs
Attack aircraft
Disk swapping. Disk swapping refers to the practice of inserting and removing, or swapping, floppy disks in a floppy disk drive-based computer system. In the early days of personal computers, before hard drives became commonplace, most fully outfitted computer systems had two floppy drives (addressed as A: and B: on MS-DOS, and also on CP/Mother systems had different conventions). Disk drives were expensive, however, and having two was seen as a luxury by many computer users who had to make do with a single drive.

The purpose of two floppy drives was so that the disk containing the application program could remain in the drive while the data disk containing the user's files could be accessed in the second drive. Without a second drive, in order to use a function of the program not loaded into memory, the user would have to first remove the data disk, then insert the program disk. When the user then wanted to save their file, the reverse operation would have to be performed. On some less-than-user-friendly systems, this could result in data loss when, for example, files were accidentally saved onto the program disk.

Disk swapping was an infamous feature of early Macintosh 128K systems, which were extremely RAM-starved.

References

Floppy disk computer storage