omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Melges 20. The Melges 20, originally called the Audi Melges 20, is an American trailerable sailboat that was designed by Reichel/Pugh as a one-design racer and first built in 2007.

The design was accepted as a World Sailing international class in November 2012.

Production
The design has built by McConaghy Boats in China for Melges Performance Sailboats of the United States, since 2007 and remains in production.

Design
The Melges 20 is a racing keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass. It has a fractional sloop rig with a roller furling jib. The hull has a plumb stem, a slightly reverse transom, a transom-hung rudder controlled by a tiller and a retractable lifting keel, with a lead bulb weight. It displaces .

The boat has a draft of  with the keel extended. With it retracted the boat can be operated in shallow water or transported on a boat trailer.

The boat is factory-equipped with a small outboard motor for docking and maneuvering. It  is sailed by a crew of two to four sailors with no class weight restrictions.

For sailing downwind the design may be equipped with a masthead asymmetrical spinnaker of , flown from a retractable bowsprit mounted on the starboard side of the bow.

Operational history
The boat is supported by an active class club that organizes racing events, the International Melges 20 Class Association.

In a 2008 review by two writers for Sailing World magazine, Dave Reed wrote, "the boat has superb balance, and obviously, the faster we went the better it felt. Carving up and down to catch waves was easy and the boat quickly jumped on surfs ... and frankly, had we had one less body, we could have done another tick or two better." Stuart Streuli reported, "the Melges 20 is a hoot to sail. It tracks like a train upwind, rewarding a steady hand on the tiller, and is very nimble off the wind. We hit speeds of 13 to 14 knots downwind in 15 to 20 knots of wind and very rough seas. It’s tippy, and much more like a dinghy than the 24. When the lulls hit, the boat would quickly roll to windward, both upwind and down."

Events

See also
List of sailing boat types

References

External links

Melges 20
Computer (disambiguation). A computer is a programmable machine that can perform arithmetic and logical operations.

Computer may also refer to:
 Computer (Courage the Cowardly Dog), a character in the US TV series
 Computer (magazine), published by the IEEE
 Computer (occupation)
 Analog computer
 OK Computer, a 1997 Radiohead album
 Personal computer (PC)
 The Computer, a character in the role-playing game Paranoia
 "Computers" (Don't Hug Me I'm Scared), a TV series episode
Kawasaki Army Type 92 Fighter. The Kawasaki KDA-5 was a Japanese single-seat biplane fighter designed by the German Dr. Richard Vogt for the Imperial Japanese Army.

Development
The KDA-5 was designed by Richard Vogt to meet a Japanese Army requirement for a fighter biplane. Five prototypes were built by Kawasaki Kōkūki Kōgyō K.K. and first flown in 1930. Following testing, the aircraft was ordered into production in 1932 as the Army Type 92 Model 1 Fighter. The aircraft had unequal-span sesquiplane wings and fixed tailwheel landing gear and was powered by a 470 kW (630 hp) BMW VI engine. 
After 180 aircraft were built, production continued with a structurally strengthened and more powerful Type 92 Model 2. A further 200 Model 2s were built.

Operational history
Both versions saw action with the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force in Manchukuo (Manchuria), although it proved unpopular owing to its unstable take-off and landing behaviour and being difficult to maintain, particularly in cold weather. A few were still in service in 1941 as trainers.

Variants
KDA-5
Five prototypes.
Type 92 Model 1 Fighter
Initial production variant with changed fin and rudder and fared headrest, 180 built.
Type 92 Model 2 Fighter
Improved version with structural strengthening and more powerful ( kW/750 hp) BMW VII engine, 200 built.

Operators

Imperial Japanese Army Air Force

Specifications (92-I)

References

Notes

Bibliography

 
 
 

Type 92, Kawasaki
Type 92
Biplanes
Gallagher–Hollander degradation. In the Gallagher–Hollander degradation (1946) pyruvic acid is removed from a linear aliphatic carboxylic acid yielding a new acid with two carbon atoms fewer. The original publication concerns the conversion of bile acid in a series of reactions: acid chloride (2) formation with thionyl chloride, diazoketone formation (3) with diazomethane, chloromethyl ketone formation (4) with hydrochloric acid, organic reduction of chlorine to methylketone (5), ketone halogenation to 6, elimination reaction with pyridine to enone 7 and finally oxidation with chromium trioxide to bisnorcholanic acid 8.

References 

Organic reactions
Name reactions
Degradation reactions
Koolhoven F.K.50. The Koolhoven F.K.50 was a 1930s Dutch eight-passenger light transport monoplane designed and built by Koolhoven.

Development
The F.K.50 was designed to meet a requirement from the Swiss airline Swiss Alpar for a light transport capable of operating in Switzerland. The F.K.50 was a cantilever high-wing cabin monoplane with a fixed wide track tailwheel landing gear. The fuselage was of welded steel tube construction, covered with fabric. The tailplane was of similar construction. The wings were wooden construction, covered with plywood. It was powered by two Pratt & Whitney Wasp Junior T1B engines and had a conventional single fin and rudder. The first of two aircraft first flew on the 18 September 1935 and the second flew in March 1936.

A third aircraft, designated F.K.50A, was built in 1938 with a re-designed tail unit with twin vertical tail surfaces. It had a longer nose and larger mainwheels, with a higher all-up weight.

Two bomber variants, designated F.K.50B, were proposed but never built. The first was a straight conversion of the F.K.50; the second would have been powered by  Bristol Mercury VIS radial engines. It would have been operated by a crew of four and carried a  bomb load.

Operational history
The three aircraft operated a regular service between Swiss destinations and onwards to Lyons and Marseilles and charter flights to Paris and London.

F.K.50
HB-AMI
The first to be built, the aircraft entered service in October 1935.  During World War II, the aircraft operated weekly between Berne and Croydon, United Kingdom.  The aircraft was scrapped in 1947.

HB-AMO
The second to be built, the aircraft crashed on landing 25 kilometers from Basle Airport on 10 September 1937 with the loss of three lives.

F.K.50A
HB-AMA
The sole F.K.50A, the aircraft was delivered in 1938. It also operated between Berne and Croydon during World War II. In 1947, it was sold to Liberian operator Maryland Flying Services and re-registered EL-ADV, operating with them until 6 July 1962 when it crashed near Monrovia.

Variants
F.K.50
Two built, single vertical tail. The second aircraft had larger engine nacelles than the first.
F.K.50A
One built, twin tail, longer nose, bigger mainwheels, Higher all-up weight.
F.K.50B
Proposed Bomber variant, not built.

Operators

Maryland Flying Services

Specifications (F.K.50)

References

Sources

 
 

FK.50
1930s Dutch airliners
Aircraft first flown in 1935
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft
LNER Class O6. The London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) Class O6 was a class of 2-8-0 steam locomotives of the Stanier Class 8F type.

Background 
The LMS Stanier Class 8F 2-8-0 had been chosen by the War Department to be its standard heavy freight locomotive. As a result, 60 were built by the LNER to Railway Executive Committee order between 1943 and 1945. These were considered LMS stock and numbered as such (LMS Nos 8500-59). These were loaned by the REC to the LNER. The LNER subsequently chose to build some of the design for themselves.

Construction 
Construction was divided between Darlington Works and Doncaster Works. 25 were also subcontracted to the Southern Railway's Brighton Works, which had also built 8Fs for the Railway Executive Committee.

Service 

Their time in LNER service was short. The LNER quickly took on replacements for them in the form of the WD Austerity 2-8-0, which they classified as Class O7. The on-loan LMS stock 8Fs were returned to the LMS in 1946 and 1947 and in a reversal of the arrangement, the O6s were subsequently leased to the LMS. This helped standardisation as it concentrated all of the 8Fs on LMS lines. As they were withdrawn from LNER stock and taken into LMS stock in 1946 and 1947 the LMS renumbered them into the 8705–72 series to conform with the numbering system of their other 8Fs.

The LNER and the LMS were both nationalised to form British Railways on 1 January 1948. By then, the size of Class O6 had been reduced to 1; LNER No. 3554 which was transferred to the London Midland Region in January 1948. Thus class O6 was rendered extinct by the transferral to another class, the LMS Stanier 8F class, and they subsequently retained their LMS numbers with the addition of 40000 standard to LMS types. Their subsequent history is therefore considered as LMS Stanier Class 8F.

Preservation
Subsequently, none of the former LNER Class O6 engines were preserved. However, engine 48518 (LMS 8518), one of 30 built in 1944–45 by Doncaster Works for the LMS, ended up in the Woodham Brothers scrapyard at Barry, and has survived as one of the 'Barry Ten'. This engine lost its tender during its time in the yard, and in 2008, lost its boiler to assist with the construction of new-built GWR 'County' class 4-6-0 1014 County of Glamorgan. Further parts are expected to be used to assist with the construction of new-build LMS 'Patriot' 4-6-0 45551 The Unknown Warrior, and it is believed that as a result of this, 48518 will not be restored in its own right (though it could be feasibly restored). 

It has been suggested that 48518 could be restored in conjunction with fellow 'Barry Ten' locomotive, LMS 'Black Five' 44901. This was reported by Steam Railway magazine in 2012, but at present nothing has been said of this proposal and it is unlikely that these two locos will ever be restored.

References

External links 
 The Stanier O6 (8F) 2-8-0s LNER Encyclopedia

O6
LMS Stanier Class 8F
Scrapped locomotives
2-8-0 locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1944
Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain
Freight locomotives
Landgraf H-2. The Landgraf H-2 was an American single-seat twin-rotor helicopter designed by Fred Landgraf and built by the Landgraf Helicopter Company of Los Angeles, California. Although awarded a development contract by the United States Army, it was not developed and was overtaken by more advanced designs.

Design and development
Fred Landgraf formed the Landgraf Helicopter Company in September 1943 to develop and manufacture the H-2. It had an enclosed structure for one pilot and an 85 hp (63 kW) radial engine driving two rotors, each rotor fitted to a short boom on each side of the fuselage. It had a fixed tricycle landing gear. The H-2 first flew on 2 November 1944 and the company was awarded a development contract by the United States Army. It was not developed or bought and the company ceased operations by the end of the 1940s.

Unlike conventional helicopters, the H-2 used a tension-rod drive system to drive the side-by-side rotors. Control of blade pitch was also unconventional, with the blade shells rotating freely about the spars, controlled by ailerons near the tips.

Specifications

See also

References

Bibliography

External links
 

1940s United States military utility aircraft
1940s United States helicopters
H-2
Transverse rotor helicopters
Single-engined piston helicopters
Aircraft first flown in 1944
Farman HF.20. The Farman HF.20 and its derivatives were a family of reconnaissance aircraft produced in France shortly before and during the First World War. It was a refined version of the Farman MF.11 "Shorthorn" that did away with the type's distinctive landing skids, and incorporated design features from Henri Farman's designs. It entered service with the French, Belgian and Serbian armies in 1913 (two aircraft conducted reconnaissance during the Siege of Scutari in the First Balkan War and one crashed), and with the British RFC and RNAS shortly after the outbreak of war. The type was also licence-built in the UK by Airco and Grahame-White.

The HF.20 was seriously underpowered, and a variety of engines were trialled in the hope of correcting this, none with much success. The problem was eventually solved only when an engine of twice the power of the original powerplant was fitted to the HF.27 variant, by which time the aircraft was already obsolete. Nevertheless, the performance of the HF.20 made it adequate for use on secondary fronts.

Variants

HF.20 original version with Gnome Lambda engine 
HF.21  span and increased wing area version with Gnome Lambda engine. At least one of the few built, entered service with the Fliegertruppe of Switzerland.
HF.22  span and increased wing area version with Gnome Lambda engine. 
HF.22 floatplane (aka HF.22bis or Savoia-built HF.22-H)
HF.23  span version with Gnome Lambda engine
HF.24  span aerobatic version with Gnome Lambda engine
HF.27  Canton-Unné R9 engine or  Renault engine with a revised undercarriage that included nose wheels similar to the Voisin III.

Operators

Argentine Air Force

Belgian Air Force

Royal Danish Air Force

Aéronautique Militaire
Escadrille HF 1
Escadrille HF 7
Escadrille HF 13
Escadrille HF 19
Escadrille HF 28
Escadrille HF 32

Royal Hellenic Navy

Corpo Aeronautico Militare

Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service

Royal Netherlands Air Force

Romanian Air Corps

Imperial Russian Air Service

Serbian Air Force

Soviet Air Force - Taken over from the Imperial Russian Air Force.

Swedish Air Force
Swedish Navy

Swiss Air Force

Royal Flying Corps
No. 2 Squadron RFC
No. 5 Squadron RFC
No. 6 Squadron RFC
No. 10 Squadron RFC
No. 24 Squadron RFC
No. 26 Squadron RFC
No. 30 Squadron RFC
No. 31 Squadron RFC
No. 32 Squadron RFC
No. 64 Squadron RFC
Royal Naval Air Service
 Union of South Africa
South African Aviation Corps

Specifications (HF.20)

References

Bibliography
 
 
 Thomas, Andrew. "In the Footsteps of Daedulus: Early Greek Naval Aviation". Air Enthusiast, No. 94, July–August 2001, pp. 8–9.

Further reading

 
 

HF.20
1910s French military trainer aircraft
1910s French military reconnaissance aircraft
Rotary-engined aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Sesquiplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1913
Excellence (software). Excellence was a word processor for the Amiga computer, created by Micro-Systems Software as a follow-up to their earlier Scribble! word processor.  The primary author was Steve Pagliarulo.   It was one of the first WYSIWYG word processors for the Amiga.  

After the initial release there were two major updates, the last being version 3.0, released in 1993.   This was the final software program released by Micro-Systems.

References

See also 

Amiga software
Floor control. For computer networking, floor control allows users of networked multimedia applications to utilize and share resources such as remote devices, distributed data sets, telepointers, or continuous media such as video and audio without access conflicts. Floors are temporary permissions granted dynamically to collaborating users in order to mitigate race conditions and guarantee mutually exclusive resource usage.

In floor control, a user who wishes to speak makes a request (through their user equipment unit (UE)) for the right to speak, and then waits for a response that either grants or denies the user's request. In accordance with early PoC proposals, the floor is granted only for talk burst on a first received basis, and no queuing of floor control messages is performed.

References

Teleconferencing
Fauvel AV.44. 

The Fauvel AV.44 was a design for an unorthodox light aircraft produced in France in the 1970s. The work of Charles Fauvel, it was based on his pre-war AV.10 and like it, was a tailless monoplane with a reverse-delta planform and side-by-side seating in an enclosed cabin. The AV.44 featured considerably more modern aerodynamics and accommodation for two passengers in place of the AV.10's one. Five examples were under construction in 1977.

Specifications (as designed)

References

 
 

Notes

1970s French sport aircraft
Fauvel aircraft
Tailless aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Mid-wing aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Livingstone Airfield. Livingstone Airfield (34 mile) was an airfield at what is now Livingstone, Northern Territory, Australia during World War II.

The airfield was built by the 808th Engineer Aviation Battalion, less Company A and HQ Detachment, between 16 March 1942 until 13 April 1942. The runway was . The airfield was named after Lieutenant Livingstone of 9th Fighter Squadron of the 49th Fighter Group who was killed as result of friendly fire when he was hit by Australian anti-aircraft guns during a Japanese air raid near Cox Peninsula to the west of Darwin, Northern Territory on 4 April 1942.

Units based at Livingstone Airfield
9th Fighter Squadron of 49th Fighter Group, Fifth Air Force, United States Army Air Forces
No. 14 Repair & Salvage Unit RAAF
No. 54 Squadron RAF
No. 77 Squadron RAAF (Kittyhawk)
No. 457 Squadron RAAF (Spitfire)
No. 548 Squadron RAF
102nd Coastal Artillery Battalion (AA Separate), US Army
161st Light Anti-aircraft Battery, Australian Army
 H Company, 135th US Medical Regiment, US Army
Security Guard Unit RAAF

Japanese bombing raids on Livingstone Airfield
 26 September 1942 (05:22 am)

See also
 List of airports in the Northern Territory

References
Pacific War Wrecks Database
OzatWarWebsite

External links

Lt. Col Bernard L. Robinson Reports on the NT June 1942

Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces
Former Royal Australian Air Force bases
World War II airfields in Australia
Defunct airports in the Northern Territory
Airports established in 1942
1942 establishments in Australia
Fauvel AV.50. 

The Fauvel AV.50 Lutin () (originally designated the AV.61) was a design for an unorthodox light aircraft produced in France in the 1970s. Like some other Charles Fauvel designs, it was a tailless aircraft with a reverse-delta wing. In this case, it was a single-seater intended to be powered by a converted Volkswagen engine. Only one example was known to have been under construction by 1977, in Australia.

Options for the builder included the use of a Rotax engine in place of the Volkswagen unit, and a choice of tandem, tailwheel, or tricycle undercarriage.

Specifications (as designed)

See also

References
 
 

1970s French sport aircraft
Fauvel aircraft
Tailless aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
GDE. GDE or gde may refer to:

Science and technology
 Global Design Effort, a team tasked with designing the International Linear Collider
 Global digital exemplar, an NHS project to facilitate the transfer of knowledge from digitally advanced trusts to those less advanced
 Glycogen debranching enzyme, a molecule that helps facilitate the breakdown of glycogen
 Gnome desktop environment, GNOME a desktop environment for Linux and most BSD derivatives
 Gas diffusion electrode, electrodes with a conjunction of a solid, liquid and gaseous interface
 Google Developer Expert, a certification by Google

Other uses
 Gauteng Department of Education, South Africa
 Gode Airport (IATA code GDE), Ethiopia 
 Guangdong Enterprises, a former name for Guangdong Holdings
 Gungahlin Drive Extension, a road project in Canberra, Australia
 Gude language (ISO 639-3 code)
Fauvel AV.45. The Fauvel AV.45 was an unorthodox motor glider produced in France in the 1960s and 1970s. Like other Charles Fauvel designs, it was a tailless aircraft, in this case inspired by the work that German firms had done on producing motorised versions of his AV.36 design. The prototype of the AV.45 was an extensively modified AV.36 powered by a Nelson H-59 two-stroke engine. AV.45s have been built with a number of other engines, however, including at least one aircraft powered by a small turbojet (a Microturbo Eclair). Falconar marketed the plans in the 1970s.

Variants
 AV.45 - initial version
 AV.451 - version with increased span and refined aerodynamics
 AV.48 - planned fibreglass version (not built)

Specifications (AV 45)

References

 
 

Fauvel aircraft
1960s French sailplanes
Homebuilt aircraft
Motor gliders
Tailless aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1960
Pusher aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Fauvel AV.22. The Fauvel AV.22 was an unorthodox glider produced in France in the 1950s, 60s, and 70s. Originally intended to be produced in series, it was later marketed to homebuilders. Like other Charles Fauvel designs, it was a tailless aircraft, and this particular design featured wings with a slight forward sweep.

Design and development
The original AV.22 design was unpowered, but later versions were equipped with an engine mounted in the nose for self-launching. The AV.22 was entered in a 1959 competition to select a standard glider for the French aeroclubs, but lost to the Wassmer Bijave.

The first powered version was the AV.221, which flew on 8 April 1965. In addition to the powerplant, the fuselage was also redesigned to accommodate a passenger side-by-side with the pilot. A simplified version of this aircraft was marketed for homebuilding as the AV.222, with options including a choice of airfoils, and either one or two wheel undercarriage.

Variants

AV.22Initial glider version;first flight 8 April 1956. Two prototypes and four production aircraft were built
AV.22S Production version of the AV.22 glider.
AV.221Two-seat motor glider, powered by a  Rectimo 4 AR 1200 engine.
AV.221BA proposed variant powered by a  Survol - de Coucy "Pygmée" engine.
AV.222Simplified AV.221 for homebuilding;first flight May 1992.

Specifications (AV.22S / AV.222)

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

 
 

1950s French sailplanes
Fauvel aircraft
Tailless aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Motor gliders
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Mid-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1956
NEI College of Technology. NEI College of Technology was a technical college in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, specializing in electronics, and computer and information technology. It was founded in 1930 by George W. Young (founder of WDGY radio) as a school for radio repair. In 1967 it was renamed the Northwestern Electronics Institute. At that time it was located at 3800 South Minnehaha Avenue in Minneapolis. In 1982 it moved to its location to Columbia Heights, the former Columbia Heights High School, and was renamed NEI College of Technology. NEI is an abbreviation for Northwestern Electronics Institute.

It merged with Dunwoody Institute in Minneapolis to form the Dunwoody College of Technology in June 2003, at which point it moved all operations to the Dunwoody campus. The time of the merger, NEI had 500 students and Dunwoody had 1200 full-time and 2700 part-time students. The former campus, which consisted of one building, was purchased by the city of Columbia Heights in February 2004 and demolished in November 2004.

An "NEI Center" was established initially at Dunwoody to house the former NEI programs, but the two institutions have fully merged. Dunwoody maintains alumni connections for NEI, including annual gatherings.

References 
City article with picture of the demolition
Press release from Dunwoody announcing merger - broken, no archive found

1930 establishments in Minnesota
2003 disestablishments in Minnesota
Universities and colleges established in 1930
Defunct private universities and colleges in Minnesota