omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Saudi Falcons. The Saudi Falcons ( Aṣ-Ṣuqūr as-Suʿūdīyah) are a BAE Hawk-equipped Royal Saudi Air Force aerobatic team.

History 

On June 6, 1998, at King Abdulaziz Air Base (Dhahran), No. 88 Squadron was created by Gen. Abdulaziz Henaidy, the Royal Saudi Air Force's chief of staff, who is backed by Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz (Minister of Defense and Aviation). The squadron is known as the "Saudi Falcons Aerobatic Team." Flying BAE Hawk Mk.65 and 65A jet trainers, it is the Royal Saudi Air Force's (RSAF) official demonstration team.

The Falcons debuted in January 1999 at Riyadh, the Saudi kingdom's capital, as part of Saudi Arabia's 100th anniversary celebrations. Six smoke-capable BAE Hawk Mk.65A and three Mk.65s-all modified by BAE Systems are assigned to the team and now wear the team's striking green and white demonstration colors. In February 2000, the Falcons first appeared outside their homeland - in Bahrain, flying out of Dhahran. Soon afterward, the team and the various RSAF Hawk squadrons moved to King Faisal Air Base (Tabuk) in northwestern Saudi Arabia.

The team draws comparison with the RAF Red Arrows due to the similar aircraft. There are tangible links as ex-Red Arrows personnel have been involved in training the team.

From June 2002, the team toured the kingdom for four months and performed at civil and military shows. The team performed its first ever display in Europe at the Air Power 2011 in Zeltweg.

In July 2011, they displayed in the UK for the first time. The display was cancelled on the first day of the Royal International Air Tattoo at RAF Fairford due to bad weather, but they flew a rolling display the following day.

In June 2014, they displayed in the Kavala AirSea Show which was held in Kavala, Greece.

On 6 September 2015, they displayed in front of 450,000 spectators at the airshow dedicated to the 55th anniversary of the Frecce Tricolori display team at Rivolto Air Base, Italy.

In January 2018, they displayed in the Kuwait Air Show, Kuwait.

In July 2023, they displayed at RAF Waddington Families Evening (England) and Royal International Air Tattoo at RAF Fairford.

In February 2024, the team were presented with their first Hawk Mk. 165 aircraft, celebrating the team’s 25th anniversary.

See also 

 List of military installations in Saudi Arabia

References

External links 

Royal Saudi Air Force aircraft squadrons
Aerobatic teams
Alewife (multiprocessor). Alewife was a cache coherent multiprocessor developed in the early 1990s by a group led by Anant Agarwal at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It was based on a network of up to 512 processing nodes, each of which used the Sparcle computer architecture, which was formed by modifying a Sun Microsystems SPARC CPU to include the APRIL techniques for fast context switches.  

The Alewife project was one of two predecessors cited by the creators of the popular Beowulf cluster multiprocessor.

References

External links
MIT Alewife Project

Parallel computing
Cluster computing
SPARC microprocessor architecture
M621 cannon. The M621 is a 20 mm automatic cannon of French design, developed by Nexter as on-board armament for armored vehicles, aircraft, helicopters and small coastal vessels of the French Navy.

Variants

THL 20 
Turreted cannon for helicopters.

POD NC 621 
Cannon pod for helicopters and light aircraft.

ARX 20 
Remotely controlled weapon station with M621 and a 7.62×51mm machinegun.

SH20 
Door mounted cannon for helicopters.

CP 20 
Pintle-mounted cannon for vehicles and boats.

15A 
Cannon for naval ships.

NARWHAL 
As remote-controlled naval gun on the Nexter Narwhal 20A.

See also 
GIAT 30
20 mm modèle F2 gun
M197 electric cannon

References

20x102mm
Aircraft guns
Autocannon
Naval anti-aircraft guns
Artillery of France
KNDS France
International Turbine Engine Company. The International Turbine Engine Company LLC (ITEC, formerly the International Turbine Engine Corporation), is a joint venture between Honeywell Aerospace (formerly Garrett AiResearch, and later AlliedSignal), and the Aerospace Industrial Development Corporation (AIDC). The company produces the F124/F125 turbofan engine series, which is used in the Aermacchi M-346, Aero L-159 Alca, AIDC F-CK-1 Ching-kuo, and AIDC T-5 Brave Eagle. In 2017 the F124 and F125 Engines reached 1,000,000 operating hours.

Products 
 Honeywell F124 - standard
 Honeywell F125 - with afterburner

See also 
 Defense industry of Taiwan

References

External links 
 Honeywell Tests First Production Configuration F124-GA-200
 Honeywell F124 Product Page

Honeywell
Aerospace Industrial Development Corporation
Defence companies of Taiwan
Atari STacy. The STacy is a portable computer version of the Atari ST.

The computer was originally designed to operate on 12 standard C cell flashlight batteries for portability. When Atari realized how quickly the machine would use up a set of batteries (especially when rechargeable batteries of the time supplied insufficient power compared to the intended alkalines), they simply glued the lid of the battery compartment shut.

The STacy has features similar to the Macintosh Portable, a version of Apple's Macintosh computer which contained a built in keyboard and monitor.

With built-in MIDI, the STacy enjoyed success for running music-sequencer software and as a controller of musical instruments among both amateurs and well-known musicians.

History
The Stacy was a global project, design work was carried out in the Sunnyvale HQ, Cambridge UK, final PCB layouts were produced by Atari in Japan, which is where the first units were manufactured, with final manufacturing occurring in Taiwan.

The distinctive sculptured charcoal-gray case was designed by Ira Velinsky, Atari's chief Industrial Designer.

Models
There are four STacy models:
 Stacy : 1 MB RAM, 1× 3.5" internal floppy (Model code: LST-1141)
 Stacy 2: 2 MB RAM, 1× 3.5" internal floppy, 20 MB HD (Model code: LST-2144)
 Stacy 2: 2 MB RAM, 2× 3.5" internal floppy (Model code: LST-2124)
 Stacy 4: 4 MB RAM, 1× 3.5" internal floppy, 40 MB HD (Model code: LST-4144)

Specifications
 Atari TOS 1.04 (Rainbow TOS)
 Blitter
 Character set: Atari ST character set (based on code page 437)
 Real-time clock lithium battery
 Hard disk: ACSI-SCSI 20-40 MB
 Floppy disk
 ACSI, ACSI internal (same as in Mega STE)
 Trackball

Ports
 Parallel: 1 port
 Serial: 1 port
 FDD: 1 port
 MIDI: 2 ports

Optional
 Modem

In pop culture
The STacy appears in the 1991 films Nothing but Trouble and Delusion.

Gallery

References

External links

Atari History Museum
Atari Stacy computer
A Stacy user page Overview, screen captures, photos.
STacy Owners Manual - Addendum(1990)
 

Computer-related introductions in 1989
Atari ST
Portable computers
AAUSat-2. AAUSAT-II (Aalborg University CubeSat no 2), is the second student-built CubeSat built and operated by students from Aalborg University in Denmark. It was launched 28 April 2008 05:53:51 UTC from Satish Dhawan Space Centre in India on a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) launch vehicle. AAUSAT-II carries a gamma radiation sensor.

Educational objective 
The primary purpose of construction of satellites at the University of Aalborg is to give the students engineering capabilities beyond what is normally achieved within a masters program.

History 
Student satellite activities at Aalborg University (AAU) started in 2003 as a result of AAU's involvement in the first pure Danish research satellite, Ørsted, which was successfully launched in 1999. AAUSAT-II's predecessor was AAU CubeSat which was constructed in the period 2001-2003 and was launched 30 June 2003. The project started in the summer 2003. The construction of AAUSAT-II began in 2005.

Operations 
After the launch on 28 April 2008, AAUSat-2 beacon was received at Cal Poly University in California but two-way amateur radio communications could not be achieved as it turned out that AAUSat-2 was transmitting at a lower level than anticipated. After upgrades to the ground station were completed, fully functional two-way communication were achieved and continued with normal operations until May 2009 after a year of successful operation.

The ground station has remained in operation and beacons are received on a regular basis and AAUSat-2 is still considered operational - although heavy tumbling is observed (December 2009). Beacons are still received on regular basis in March 2011. In addition, AAUSat-2 does receive and acknowledge commands from ground and log files has been requested and received. Due to the very high tumbling (more than 2.5 Hz) it has not been possible to decode log files.

Below is a snapshot of the radio communication. On left side is a beacon, next a request for log is issued and AAUSat-2 reply with a transmission of the logfile. Notice the high tumbling rate.

In March 2012, the AAUSAT-II mission was officially retired by the project — but the CubeSat is still up and running. As of 2022, the satellite continues to function.

Mission definition 
AAUSAT-II consists of several sub-systems:

 ADCS: Attitude Determination and Control System
 CDH: Command and Datahandling System
 COM: Communication System
 EPS: Electrical Power System
 GND: Ground Station
 MCC: Mission Control Center
 MECH: Mechanical System
 OBC: On-board Computer System
 P/L: Payload System

Technical Facts:

Amateur radio information 
 Callsign: OZ2CUB
 Up/downlink: 437.425 MHz AFSK & FSK
 Bit rate: 1200-9600 bit/s (1200 as standard mode)
 AX.25 FM CW TLM

See also 

 List of CubeSats

References

External links 
 Official historic homepage
 Launch campaign homepage

Student satellites
Aalborg University
Spacecraft launched in 2008
CubeSats
S-TADIL J. S-TADIL J, or Satellite TADIL J, is a real-time Beyond Line-of-Sight (BLOS) Tactical Digital Information Link (TADIL) supporting the exchange of the same J Series message set that is implemented on Link-16 via the Joint Tactical Information Distribution System (JTIDS). S-TADIL J provides for robust continuous connectivity between Navy ships that are beyond JTIDS line-of-sight (LOS) transmission range. S-TADIL J is designed to  support and significantly improve long-range TADIL connectivity between widely dispersed fleet operational forces. With the deployment of S-TADIL J, operational units will  have three possible data link paths that can be used to support multi-ship data link-coordinated operations. S-TADIL J supports the same levels of surveillance and weapon coordination data exchange provided by Link-11 and Link-16. The TADIL J message standard is implemented on S-TADIL J to provide for the same level of information content as Link-16.

Change of terminology 
In the US, the term Tactical Digital Information Link (TADIL) is obsolete (per DISA guidance) and is now more commonly known as Tactical Data Link (TDL).

See also 
Tactical Data Links (TDLs)
Standard Interface for Multiple Platform Evaluation (SIMPLE), allows (Beyond Line of Sight) transmission of M-Series and J-Series messages over IP-based protocols.
 Joint Range Extension Applications Protocol (JREAP), allows transmission of M-Series and J-Series messages over long-distance networks.

External links 
 Federation of American Scientists article: Tactical Digital Information Links (TADIL)

Military radio systems
Military equipment of NATO
Military communications
SNCF Class BB 8500. The SNCF Class BB 8500 class are part of a series of electric locomotives built by Alsthom for SNCF. They are the direct current version of the 25 kV alternating current SNCF BB 17000 and dual system SNCF BB 25500.

The locomotives are fitted with monomotor bogies with two different gear ratios. This allows them to increase their tractive effort in exchange for a reduction in their top speed. This makes them suitable for both freight and passenger trains. They acquired the nickname Danseuses (dancers) due to their tendency to sway from side to side at speed, which led to them being blacked at a number of depots.

They were built in three distinct batches, leading to detail differences. They remain in use as mixed traffic locomotives, mostly with TER and but with some remaining for special duties. Thirty locomotives, dedicated to empty stock moves, have been reclassified as BB 88500. Likewise in 2001, 20 of the class were rebuilt for freight banking workings on the Maurienne line. They were classified as BB 8700 for this period.

Names
Five members of the class were named.

Preservation
A single locomotive, BB 8616, is preserved at Mohon.

References

Alstom locomotives
B-B locomotives
08500
Standard gauge electric locomotives of France
1500 V DC locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1964
Fairchild 45. The Fairchild Model 45 was a 1930s American five-seat cabin monoplane aircraft designed and built by Fairchild.

Development
During 1934 the Fairchild company designed a business or executive aircraft with five seats, designated the Model 45. It first flew on 31 May 1935. The Model 45 was a low-wing cantilever monoplane with a conventional cantilever tail unit and a retractable tailwheel landing gear. The aircraft was powered by a 225 hp (168 kW) Jacobs L-4 radial engine and had a luxury five-seat interior as standard. Flight testing showed that the aircraft performed well, although it was described as sedate.

The company predicted that the Model 45 would have only limited market appeal in that form, therefore only the prototype was built.

Fairchild then upgraded the prototype with a larger engine, the Wright R-760 radial, for evaluation.  In this configuration it was designated the Model 45-A.  This configuration was placed in production, with about 16 units being completed.

Operational history

One aircraft was bought as an executive transport by the United States Navy as the JK-1. After the United States entered the Second World War, two aircraft were impressed into service with the United States Army Air Forces as the UC-88.

In 1997, Greg Herrick requested drawings of a Fairchild 45 tail section for an ongoing restoration project. The request was refused, citing the design was a trade secret. This led to a FOIA request, and lawsuit that was debated in the United States Supreme Court. The effort led to the "Herrick amendment" added to the FAA Air Transportation Modernization and Safety Improvement Act of 2012. The amendment released the ATC type certificate information for 1,257 aircraft first certified in 1927 through the beginning of World War II in 1939.

Variants
45
One prototype powered by a 225 hp (168 kW) Jacobs L-4 radial engine.
45-A
Production aircraft powered by a 320 hp (239 kW) Wright R-760 radial engine, 16 built.
JK-1
One 45-A for the United States Navy.
UC-88
Two 45-As impressed into service with the United States Army Air Forces.

Operators
USA
United States Army Air Forces
United States Navy

Specifications (45-A)

See also

References

Citations

Bibliography
The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982-1985), 1985, Orbis Publishing

External links

Flight, 17 October 1935 

1930s United States civil utility aircraft
1930s United States military transport aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
45
Aircraft first flown in 1935
Aircraft with retractable conventional landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
SISNE plus. SISNE plus is a DOS 3.3 compatible clone created by Itautec and Scopus Tecnologia in Brazil prior to the end of the Market Reserve in 1991, which, at that time, forbade the importation of electronic equipment and software for general use. 
The system was sold with PC/XT compatible Itautec IS 30 computers and with Itautec IS 386 computers.
With the widespread use of MS-DOS after the importations were allowed, the SISNE plus operating system was discontinued.

Before SISNE plus, Scopus developed and offered SISNE. Version 1.6 was compatible to DOS 1.1 and had the same user interface as CP/M-80.

Releases

Commands
The following list of commands are supported by SISNE plus 3.30 R05.

 AJUDA
 APPEND
 ASSIGN
 ATTRIB
 BACKUP
 BEEP
 BRASCII
 BREAK
 BUFIM
 CALL
 CD
 CHDIR
 CHKDSK
 CLS
 COM
 COMENT
 COMMAND
 COMP
 CONV
 COP
 COPIA
 COPY
 CTTY
 DAT
 DATA
 DATE
 DEL
 DIR
 DIRET
 DISKCOMP
 DISKCOPY
 ECHO
 ECO
 EDITOR
 ERASE
 EXIT
 FASTOPEN
 FBACKIM
 FBACKUP
 FDISK
 FFORMAT
 FIND
 FOR
 FORMAT
 FRESTIM
 FRESTORE
 GOTO
 GRAFTABL
 GRAPHICS
 GRAVA
 HOR
 HORA
 ICC
 IF
 IMP86
 JOIN
 LABEL
 LAND
 LISTA
 MD
 MENU
 MKDIR
 MODE
 MORE
 MOS
 MOSTRA
 PATH
 PAU
 PAUSA
 PAUSE
 PREAJUDA
 PRINT
 PROMPT
 RD
 RECOVER
 REM
 REN
 RENAME
 RENOMAIA
 REPLACE
 RESTORE
 RMDIR
 RX86
 SET
 SHARE
 SHIFT
 SORT
 SUBST
 SUP
 SUPRIME
 SYS
 TECLAS
 TIME
 TREE
 TRUNC
 TX86
 TYPE
 VER
 VERIFY
 VOL
 XCOPY

See also
 Comparison of DOS operating systems
 Timeline of DOS operating systems
 List of DOS commands
 SOX (operating system)

References

Further reading

External links
  

DOS variants
Disk operating systems
1988 software
Information technology in Brazil
IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. The IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the IEEE Photonics Society. It covers research on quantum electronics. The editor-in-chief is José Capmany (Universitat Politècnica de València). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 4.544.

See also 
 IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics

References

External links 
 

Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics
Quantum mechanics journals
Optics journals
Electronics journals
Bimonthly journals
English-language journals
Academic journals established in 1995
Fractal in soil mechanics. A fractal is an irregular geometric object with an infinite nesting of structure at all scales. It is mainly applicable in soil chromatography and soil micromorphology (Anderson, 1997). Internal structure, pore size distribution and pore geometry can be identified by using fractal dimension at nano scale. As soil is heterogeneous the pore spaces are made up of macropores, micropores and mesopores. When soil is studied in nanoscale it the macropore are composed of micro and meso pore and further they are composed of organo-mineral complex.

The fractal approach to soil mechanics is a new line of thought. It was first raised in "Fractal Character Of Grain-Size Distribution Of Expansion Soils" by Yongfu Xu and Songyu Liu, published in 1999, by Fractals. There are several problems in soil mechanics which can be dealt by applying a fractal approach. One of these problems is the determination of soil-water-characteristic curve (also called (water retention curve) and/or capillary pressure curve). It is a time-consuming process considering usual laboratory experiments. Many scientists have been involved in making mathematical models of soil-water-characteristic curve (SWCC) in which constants are related to the fractal dimension of pore size distribution or particle size distribution of the soil. After the great mathematician Benoît Mandelbrot—father of fractal mathematics—showed the world fractals, Scientists of Agronomy, Agricultural engineering and Earth Scientists have developed more fractal-based models. 
All of these models have been used to extract hydraulic properties of soils and the potential capabilities of fractal mathematics to investigate mechanical properties of soils. Therefore, it is really important to use such physically based models to promote our understanding of the mechanics of the soils. It can be of great help for researchers in the area of unsaturated soil mechanics. Mechanical parameters can also be driven from such models and of course it needs further works and researches.
Fractal calculus is a framework that includes functions with fractal support.

References
 Anderson, A.N., McBratney, A.B. and Crawford, J.W., 1997. Applications of fractals to soil studies. In Advances in Agronomy (Vol. 63, pp. 1-76). Academic Press.

Soil mechanics
Fractals
Gregory Minor. Gregory Charles Minor (died 1999) was one of three American middle-management engineers (known as the GE Three) who resigned from the General Electric nuclear reactor division in 1976 to protest against the use of nuclear power in the United States. A native of Fresno, California, Minor received a BS degree in electrical engineering from the University of California in 1960. He gained an MS degree at Stanford University in 1966. He began working for G.E. in 1960 and died of leukemia in 1999.

All three of the engineers were members of the Creative Initiative Foundation, a California group that "seeks to strengthen human relations" and "change the world for the better". The engineers' resignations were coordinated by another CIF member, who helped them orchestrate the announcement for maximum effect.

Gregory Minor said that he had developed "a deep conviction that nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons now present a serious danger to the future of all life on this planet".

See also
GE Three
List of nuclear whistleblowers
Nuclear accidents in the United States
Nuclear safety in the United States
Richard Levernier

References

People associated with nuclear power
American anti–nuclear power activists
American whistleblowers
American electrical engineers
Year of birth missing
1999 deaths
Deaths from leukemia
Allowable Strength Design. Allowable Strength Design and Allowable Stress Design (ASD) are terms used by the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) in the 14th Edition of the Manual of Steel Construction.

Allowable Stress Design philosophy was left unsupported by AISC after the 9th edition of the manual which remained an acceptable reference design standard in evolving building codes (e.g. International Building Code by the International Code Council). This presented problems since new research, engineering concepts and design philosophy were ignored in the minimum requirements and references in the aging 9th edition. As a result, structures that were code compliant based on design using the Allowable Stress Design methods may not have been code compliant if reviewed with the Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) requirements - particularly where the LRFD procedures explicitly defined additional analysis which was not explicitly defined in the Allowable Stress Design procedures.

AISC's Allowable Strength Design applies a quasi-safety factor approach to evaluating allowable strength. Ultimate strength of an element or member is determined in the same manner regardless of the load combination method considered (e.g. ASD or LRFD). Design load combination effects are determined in a manner appropriate to the intended form of the analysis results. ASD load combinations are compared to the ultimate strength reduced by a factor (omega) which provides a mathematical form similar to Allowable Stress Design resolved with a safety factor.

This AISC Allowable Strength Design does not attempt to relate capacity to elastic stress levels. Therefore, it is inappropriate to refer to the procedure or philosophy as either Allowable Stress or Permissible Stress Design.

See also
 Permissible stress design
 Building code

References

Construction
Engineering concepts
Structural steel