omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
NQ Dry Tropics. NQ Dry Tropics (formerly Burdekin Dry Tropics NRM) is the natural resource management body for the Burdekin Dry Tropics region. Based in Townsville, it is an independent, community based, not-for-profit organisation that has been delivering on-ground Natural Resource Management (NRM) activities since 2005 to enhance the sustainability of the region's natural resources including water, soil and biodiversity. 

The economy of the NQ Dry Tropics region is heavily reliant upon natural resources based industries, particularly agriculture. Agriculture is by far the most important employer in the rural areas of the region with well established grazing, sugarcane and horticultural industries. Other major industries include mining, energy and tourism.

History

The National Action Plan for Salinity and Water Quality (NAPSWQ) and the Natural Heritage Trust Extension (NHT2) were natural resource management programs established by the Australian Government, in partnership with State Governments, to address the declining condition of natural resources in Australia. The long term objectives of these programs was to halt and reverse the decline in the condition of the natural resource base. It also recognised that the long term success of Natural resource management activities depended on involvement of sectors of the community. 

The election of the Rudd Government saw development of the Caring for our Country program. It was a commitment of $2.25 billion in funding over the first five years commencing 1 July 2008.

Goals
Land care programs and sustainable farming.

Geography
The NQ Dry Tropics region is located in north eastern Queensland, covering an area of approximately 133,432 km² and is primarily defined by the catchment area of the Burdekin River plus the associated coastal and marine areas. The region has a population of approximately 240,000 which is mostly concentrated in the major population centres of Townsville, Ayr, Bowen and Charters Towers. Outside of these major centres the region has sparsely populated pastoral properties and mines.

Major watercourses
Major water courses in this catchment include:

 Basalt River
 Belyando River
 Bogie River
 Bohle River
 Bowen River
 Broken River

 Burdekin River
 Campaspe River
 Cape River
 Clarke River
 Don River

 Dry River
 Fanning River
 Haughton River
 Ross River
 Running River

 Sellheim River
 Star River
 Suttor River

Bioregions
There are 6 of 15 bioregions (as defined by Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia) that exist within the Burdekin Dry Tropics NRM region. These are: 
 Brigalow Belt North
 Brigalow Belt South
 Central Mackay Coast
 Desert Uplands
 Einasleigh Uplands
 Wet Tropics

Projects
 Landholders Driving Change
Land Resource Assessment for the Burdekin Dry Tropics region
 Burdekin Water Quality Improvement Plan

References

Environmental organisations based in Australia
Nature conservation in Australia
Non-profit organisations based in Queensland
Organizations established in 2002
2002 establishments in Australia
Remote error indication. Remote error indication (REI) or formerly far end block error (FEBE) is an alarm signal used in synchronous optical networking (SONET).  It indicates to the transmitting node that the receiver has detected a block error.

Overview 

REI or FEBE errors are mostly seen on DS3 circuits, however they are known to be present on other types (SONET/T1s etc.).

Each terminating device (router or otherwise) monitors the incoming signal for CP-bit path errors. If an error is detected on the incoming DS3, the terminating elements transmit a FEBE bit on the outgoing direction of the DS3. Network monitoring equipment located anywhere along the path then measures these FEBEs in each direction to gauge the quality of the circuit while in service.

If you have a DS3 running from New York to Atlanta, and there's a problem within one of the central offices in Virginia. The errors are being generated by a device in the central office, and being detected by the terminating device (a NID, M13 Mux or router). The terminating device then sends the 'FEBE' error signal outbound to alert further devices there were problems.

So, errors are generated on the incoming side of the loop, the device terminating that end picks up the errors, and transmits a 'FEBE errors' message on the outgoing side. This specific setup of error reporting is what causes the confusion between many technicians trying to perform repairs.

Technical jargon:
An error detected by extracting the 4-bit FEBE field from the path status byte (G1). The legal range for the 4-bit field is between 0000 and 1000, representing zero to eight errors. Any other value is interpreted as zero errors.

The DS-3 M-frame uses P bits to check the line parity. The M-subframe uses C bits in a format called C-bit parity, which copies the result of the P bits at the source and checks the result at the destination. An ATM interface reports detected C-bit parity errors back to the source via a far-end block error (FEBE). ( Cisco.com all rights reserved)

An indication sent to a transmitting node that a flawed block has been detected at the receiving node. (DS3) A FEBE in C-bit parity is a parity violation detected at the far-end terminal and transmitted back to the near-end terminal.

A maintenance cell indicates that an error occurred with a data block at the far end of the link. This cell then sends a message back to the near end.

References

Error detection and correction
Synchronous optical networking
Rheniite. Rheniite is a very rare rhenium sulfide mineral with the chemical formula (). It forms metallic, silver grey platey crystals in the triclinic - pinacoidal class. It has a specific gravity of 7.5.

It was discovered at the Kudriavy Volcano, Iturup Island in the Kurile Islands, Russia and approved in 2004. It is found in active hot fumaroles on the volcano.

Rheniite is one of the first minerals of the element rhenium to be found. The other known approved rhenium mineral is the sulfide mineral tarkianite. Almost all commercially mined rhenium is retrieved as a by-product of molybdenum mining as rhenium occurs in amounts up to 0.2% in the mineral molybdenite. A discredited rhenium sulfide known as zappinite does not appear to be valid.

Rheniite has also been reported in the Pagoni Rachi Mo–Cu–Te–Ag–Au deposit in northeastern Greece where it occurs with molybdenite in quartz veins associated with an epithermal system in a dacite porphyry.

References

Mineral galleries

Sulfide minerals
Rhenium minerals
Triclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 2
Minerals described in 2005
Micro Aviation NZ. Micro Aviation NZ is an aircraft manufacturing company based in Hamilton, New Zealand and later in Mandeville, New Zealand. It produces the Bantam microlight aircraft.

Company founder Max Clear started building these popular aircraft in 1980, and was based at Te Kowhai. After Max Clear's death in 2011,  the Croydon Aircraft Company took over manufacturing of the aircraft.

Aircraft manufacturers of New Zealand
Companies based in Hamilton, New Zealand
Alpha Aviation. Alpha Aviation is an aircraft manufacturing company based in Hamilton, New Zealand. It manufactures the Alpha 2000 range of light aircraft. The company was formed by a group of entrepreneurs who have purchased the rights to Apex Aircraft's Alpha R2000 aircraft, originally manufactured by Avions Robin. The aircraft is now being marketed as the 120T and 160A variants by Alpha (as well as the 160Ai, a 160A with a fuel-injected engine.)

The first aircraft manufactured (ZK-FXY) had its initial flight on 12 April 2006. The first production Alpha 160A aircraft (ZK-WKF and -WJH) entered service with Waikato Aero Club, based just across the road from Alpha at Hamilton Airport, in September/October 2006. Alpha expanded its production facilities in Hamilton, with an extension to the hangar being put in place in November 2006.

On 23 June 2009, it was announced that Alpha Aviation was sold to Hong Kong-based company, IXL Limited, which intends to restart manufacturing planes at Alpha Aviation's Hamilton Airport-based factory.

References

External links 
Alpha Aviation

Aircraft manufacturers of New Zealand
Companies based in Hamilton, New Zealand
Titanium(II) chloride. Titanium(II) chloride is the chemical compound with the formula TiCl2. The black solid has been studied only moderately, probably because of its high reactivity. Ti(II) is a strong reducing agent: it has a high affinity for oxygen and reacts irreversibly with water to produce H2. The usual preparation is the thermal disproportionation of TiCl3 at 500 °C. The reaction is driven by the loss of volatile TiCl4:
2 TiCl3 → TiCl2 + TiCl4
The method is similar to that for the conversion of VCl3 into VCl2 and VCl4.

TiCl2 crystallizes as the layered CdI2 structure. Thus, the Ti(II) centers are octahedrally coordinated to six chloride ligands.

Derivatives 
Molecular complexes are known such as TiCl2(chel)2, where chel is DMPE (CH3)2PCH2CH2P(CH3)2 and TMEDA ((CH3)2NCH2CH2N(CH3)2). Such species are prepared by reduction of related Ti(III) and Ti(IV) complexes.

Unusual electronic effects have been observed in these species: TiCl2[(CH3)2PCH2CH2P(CH3)2]2 is paramagnetic with a triplet ground state, but Ti(CH3)2[(CH3)2PCH2CH2P(CH3)2]2 is diamagnetic.

A solid-state derivative of TiCl2 is Na2TiCl4, which has been prepared by the reaction of Ti metal with TiCl3 in a NaCl flux. This species adopts a linear chain structure wherein again the Ti(II) centers are octahedral with terminal, axial halides.

References

Titanium halides
Chlorides
Titanium(II) compounds
OpenJMS. OpenJMS is one of the major providers of Java Message Service API, which implements Sun Microsystems' Java Message Service API 1.1 Specification. The current release is OpenJMS 0.7.7-beta-1.

Java Message Service is an asynchronous communication mechanism in the distributed system field. It is very helpful in the situation where the distributed components are loosely coupled. Another popular distributed communication technology is  Remote Method Invocation (RMI), which is tightly coupled and requires an application to know a remote application's methods.

One benefit of OpenJMS is that it is vendor neutral. Because the Java JMS specifications do not specify a wire protocol, each vendor's JMS implementation is distinct and not interoperable with others. Since JMS's are normally released as part of an application server provider this makes the implementation of a JMS vendor specific to that application server. OpenJMS is not dependent on any given application server and therefore can be a common interface between users of different vendors. Users of various application servers can agree to use the common OpenJMS implementation for their interoperability layers.

Further reading

See also 

 Apache ActiveMQ

External links 
 Project website on SourceForge
 Java Message Service Specification  on Sun Microsystems

Message-oriented middleware
Fracton. A fracton is a collective quantized vibration on a substrate with a fractal structure.

Fractons are the fractal analog of phonons. Phonons are the result of applying translational symmetry to the potential in a Schrödinger equation. Fractal self-similarity can be thought of as a symmetry somewhat comparable to translational symmetry. Translational symmetry is symmetry under displacement or change of position, and fractal self-similarity is symmetry under change of scale. The quantum mechanical solutions to such a problem in general lead to a continuum of states with different frequencies. In other words, a fracton band is comparable to a phonon band. The vibrational modes are restricted to part of the substrate and are thus not fully delocalized, unlike phonon vibrational modes. Instead, there is a hierarchy of vibrational modes that encompass smaller and smaller parts of the substrate.

References

Literature

External links 
 The ‘Weirdest’ Matter, Made of Partial Particles, Defies Description

Fractals
Quasiparticles
Burdekin Water Quality Improvement Plan. The Burdekin regional Coastal Catchments Initiative aims to reduce agricultural pollutants entering rivers and streams within the Burdekin catchment and Great Barrier Reef lagoon.

It is part of The Coastal Catchment Initiative which is a project which seeks to deliver significant reductions in the discharge of pollutants to agreed hotspots, where those hotspots have been identified through agreement with the relevant jurisdictions.

The NQ Dry Tropics (formerly Burdekin Dry Tropics NRM) Coastal Catchments Initiative (CCI) project intends to achieve pollutant reductions by facilitating the development and implementation of a BDT Water Quality Improvement Plan (WQIP). The CCI project is a collaborative activity amongst various Government agencies, science providers, industry and the community to integrate activities aimed at developing tools and techniques for target setting under Reef Plan and to identify and implement strategies to achieve these targets.

References

External links 
 National Coastal Catchments Initiative
 Burdekin Water Quality Improvement Plan
 NQ Dry Tropics
 The Australian Centre for Tropical Freshwater Research

Environmental organisations based in Australia
Marinens Flyvebaatfabrikk. Marinens Flyvebaatfabrikk - The Navy's Flying Boat Factory - was the Royal Norwegian Navy Air Service' aeroplane manufacturer. It was established in Horten in 1915 and produced 120 aircraft from then until it ceased to exist in 1940.

Aircraft produced

Local designs

M.F.1, a development of the Maurice Farman MF.7 floatplane, type 1914, six built.
M.F.2, a development of the Maurice Farman MF.11 floatplane, could carry two 50 kg mines/bombs, radio and machine gun.
M.F.3, further development of the MF.11, carried out the first RNoN aircraft test with torpedoes.
M.F.4, the first purpose-built trainer aircraft also developed from the Farman MF.11
M.F.5, the first Norwegian tractor aircraft
M.F.6. a trainer and the last Farman pusher built by the factory 
M.F.7, trainer
8 M.F.8, trainer
10 M.F.9, fighter
4 M.F.10, trainer 
29 M.F.11, reconnaissance
1 M.F.12, monoplane trainer

Built under license
8 Sopwith Baby
7 Douglas DT-2B/C
Hansa-Brandenburg Make, a licence-built Hansa-Brandenburg W.33
6 Make I
24 Make II
11 Make III built at Kjeller Flyfabrikk as the Kjeller F.F.8 Make III.

External links and references

History of the Royal Norwegian Air Force  
Polish page about Norwegian airplanes 

Royal Norwegian Navy Air Service
Aircraft manufacturers of Norway
Aviation in Norway. Aviation has been a part of Norwegian society since the early twentieth century.

Early attempts
In the early days of Norwegian aviation the Norwegian enthusiasts lacked an engine and were therefore unable to perform real flights. The first engine powered aircraft was ordered during the world's first air show in Reims and came to Kristiania in December 1909. It was purchased by Wilhelm Henie and was a Voisin biplane. The plane was however so damaged by a snowstorm that it would never fly.

In 1910 engineer Einar Lilloe Gran constructed the first motorised aircraft in Norway. It had a wing span of 10 meters and cost  to build. There were made several attempts to make the aircraft airborne, but without any significant results.

Norwegian aviator Tryggve Gran (1889–1980) became a skilled pilot at Louis Blériot's aviation school in Paris, and on 30 July 1914, became the first pilot in history to cross the North Sea. He took off from Cruden Bay, Scotland, and landed about 4½ hours later at Jæren, Norway, flying a Blériot XI-2 monoplane.

The first confirmed flight was by the Swedish baron Carl Cederström on 14 October 1910. A 23-minute flight over Oslo with a top speed of 52 knots. The first motorized flight was made by Hans Dons in the HNoMS Start on 1 June 1912 from Horten to Øra close to Fredrikstad. Einar Sem-Jacobsen entered the first flight in a military mission at Elverum 1 September 1912 with Ganger Rolf, one of two Farman Longhorn that initiated the Army Air Forces the same year. Ganger Rolf and Njaal were both built in France and based at Kjeller airport - Norway oldest and one of the world oldest aerodromes.

Kjeller airport and Norwegian military airpower celebrated in 2012 100 years of flying in Norway with successful airshows at Kjevik (Kristiansand), Kjeller airport, Sola (Stavanger), Bodø,  Andøya and the main impressive event in Oslo 1 September - along with several smaller events.

Organized aviation
The public agency of civil aviation in Norway is Avinor. It was organized as a directorate from 1947, but this was preceded by an office organized under the Norwegian Ministry of Defence, created in 1920.

Widerøe (Widerøe's Flyveselskap) is among the older existing aviation companies in Norway, established in 1934. It had its roots in two smaller companies that were active in the early 1930s. Pioneers during this time include Viggo Widerøe, Halvor Bjørneby, Helge Skappel, Leiv Brun, Ditlef Smith and Erik Engnæs. Both Scandinavian Airlines System and Braathens were established in 1946. Braathens no longer exists, having been merged with SAS as SAS Braathens. A newer, large company is Norwegian Air Shuttle.

Current
The main airport in Norway is Oslo Airport, Gardermoen. It replaced Oslo Airport, Fornebu, which was main airport from 1 June 1939 to 7 October 1998.

The longest domestic non-stop flight is Scandinavian Airlines' Oslo-Longyearbyen service, well over 2000 kilometres.

References

External links
Royal Norwegian Air Force history
Norwegian Aviation Museum
Braude College of Engineering. Braude Academic College of Engineering () is a college in the city of Karmiel, Israel.

History
Braude college was established in Karmiel in 1985 by ORT Israel and World ORT organizations. In 1992 an academic college, financed by the government,  started operating on the campus grounds. The college  also offers student exchange programs through partnerships with universities abroad.

References

See also
List of universities and colleges in Israel
Education in Israel

Colleges in Israel
Education in Israel
Chris DiBona. Chris DiBona ('cdibona', born October 1971) was the director of open source at Google from August 2004  until January 2023.

The open source team at Google oversees license compliance and supports the open source developer community through programs such as the Google Summer of Code and through the release of open source software projects and patches on Google Code. In his former work on Google's public sector software, he looked after Google Moderator and the polling locations API and election results.

Before joining Google, he was an editor at Slashdot and co-founded Damage Studios. DiBona has a B.S. in computer science from George Mason University and a M.S. in software engineering from Carnegie Mellon University. He also co-edited Open Sources: Voices from the Open Source Revolution and Open Sources 2.0.

He was laid off from Google in January 2023 as part of Alphabet's workforce reductions.

FLOSS Weekly
He formerly co-hosted FLOSS Weekly (a podcast that was spun off from the popular This Week in Tech) with Leo Laporte. The show premiered on April 7, 2006, and features prominent guests from the free software/open source community. He also appeared on This Week in Tech and CrankyGeeks from time to time and was in the documentary Revolution OS. On July 29, 2007, Laporte announced that due to commitment issues, DiBona was stepping down as host of FLOSS Weekly.

Science Foo Camp
DiBona runs Science Foo Camp annually with Tim O'Reilly of O'Reilly Media and Timo Hannay of Nature on the Google campus in Mountain View, California.

TechTV
DiBona was a Linux commentator on TechTV's The Screen Savers, during 2004 and parts of 2005. His stories concentrated on fun applications and consumer use of Linux.

Other activities
DiBona formerly served on the board of Our Good Works, a non-profit that looks after the volunteer matching website Allforgood.org. He serves on the board of the Linux Foundation. DiBona served on the advisory board of imeem, a San Francisco, California–based social networking firm, and advises PicPlz, a San Francisco start-up. He's a visiting scientist (formally a visiting scholar) at the MIT Sloan School of Management, and an advisor to Mixed Media Labs, app.net project.  He also advises Ingenuitas on their sight machine project. He's also an associate in Google Ventures.

References

External links

DiBona's Weblog 

1971 births
Living people
Google employees
MIT Sloan School of Management faculty
Open source advocates
My First Alphabet. My First Alphabet is an educational video game for Atari 8-bit computers. It was designed and programmed by Fernando Herrera and published by the Atari Program Exchange in 1981. My First Alphabet won the first Atari Star Award, an annual recognition of the best APX submission. It was moved to Atari Inc.'s product line. The award led to the creation of First Star Software and a string of games from Herrera.

Development

Herrera's son, Steve, was born with severe cataracts and was pronounced blind by medical specialists. Refusing to place his son in remedial classes, Herrera wrote a program to help his son learn the alphabet. After several months, his son made rapid progress, overcoming his handicap. The program later evolved into My First Alphabet.

Reception
When Atari began recognizing the top APX submissions in 1981, My First Alphabet was the first Atari Star Award winner, including a $25,000 prize. Herrera used the money to found First Star Software. Herrerra wrote First Star's initial title, Astro Chase (1982), as well as  Bristles (1983). First Star was the publisher of Boulder Dash (1984) and Spy vs. Spy (1984).

InfoWorld's Essential Guide to Atari Computers recommended the game among educational software for the Atari 8-bit.

References

External links
atariarchives.org - Description of APX software
 
Atari HQ - "Fernando Herrera" - First Star in the Atari Universe

1981 video games
Atari Program Exchange software
Atari 8-bit computer games
Atari 8-bit computer-only games
Children's educational video games
Video games developed in the United States
Single-player video games
Zhang Guangdou. Zhang Guangdou (; 1 May 1912 – 21 June 2013) was a Chinese hydraulic engineer. He was a specialist in hydraulic engineering, professor and vice president of Tsinghua University, and a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Engineering.

Biography
Zhang graduated from National Chiao Tung University (now Shanghai Jiao Tong University) in 1934, obtained his master's degree in Civil Engineering from University of California, Berkeley in 1936, and a master's degree in engineering mechanics from Harvard University in 1937.

Zhang was the chief designer of the Miyun Reservoir and Yuzixi powerplant. He was also involved in the design of many major hydraulic and hydropower projects, including Sanmenxia, Danjiangkou, Gezhouba, Ertan, Geheyan, Xiaolangdi, and the Three Gorges Dam.

Zhang received numerous awards, including the Haas International Award from UC Berkeley (1981), the National Award for Technology Advancement (2nd Prize, 1985), the Ho Leung Ho Lee Technology Advancement Award (1995), and the Technology Achievement Award from the Chinese Academy of Engineering (1996). He was elected to the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955, and the Chinese Academy of Engineering in 1994. He was also elected as a foreign member of Mexico National Academy of Engineering in 1981.

Bibliography

References

1912 births
2013 deaths
Chinese men centenarians
Chinese civil engineers
Engineers from Jiangsu
Nanyang Model High School alumni
National Chiao Tung University (Shanghai) alumni
UC Berkeley College of Engineering alumni
Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences alumni
Hydraulic engineers
Members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Members of the Chinese Academy of Engineering
People from Changshu
People from Zhangjiagang
Scientists from Suzhou
Academic staff of Tsinghua University