omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Scicos. Scicos is a graphical dynamical system modeler and simulator. The software’s purpose is to create block diagrams to model and simulate the dynamics of hybrid dynamical systems (both continuous and discrete time) and compile these models into executable code.  Applications include signal processing, systems control, queuing systems, and the study of physical and biological systems.

Scilab includes a toolbox called Xcos which is based on Scicos.

Scicos is developed in and distributed with the scientific software package ScicosLab. Scicos 4.4.1 has been released in April 2011.

Features
The software is intended to allow users to graphically model and compile dynamical systems. Blocks can be programmed using C, Fortran or Scilab, however, the output from the Code Generator is C.

See also
 OpenModelica
 JModelica.org
 Modelica - a modeling and simulation language.
 20-sim

External links 

 Download

References 

Simulation programming languages
Fluid Dynamics Prize (APS). The Fluid Dynamics Prize is a prize that has been awarded annually by the American Physical Society (APS) since 1979. The recipient is chosen for "outstanding achievement in fluid dynamics research". The prize is currently valued at . In 2004, the Otto Laporte Award—another APS award on fluid dynamics—was merged into the Fluid Dynamics Prize.

Recipients
The Fluid Dynamics Prize has been awarded to:

 2022: Elisabeth Charlaix
 2021: 
 2020: Katepalli Sreenivasan
 2019: Alexander Smits
 2018: Keith Moffatt
 2017: Detlef Lohse
 2016: Howard A. Stone
 2015: Morteza Gharib
 2014: Geneviève Comte-Bellot
 2013: Elaine Surick Oran
 2012: John F. Brady
 2011: Tony Maxworthy
 2010: E. John Hinch
 2009: Stephen B. Pope
 2008: Julio M. Ottino
 2007: 
 2006: Thomas S. Lundgren
 2005: Ronald J. Adrian
 2004: 
 2003: 
 2002: Gary Leal
 2001: Howard Brenner
 2000: 
 1999: Daniel D. Joseph
 1998: Fazle Hussain
 1997: Louis Norberg Howard
 1996: Parviz Moin
 1995: Harry L Swinney
 1994: Stephen H. Davis
 1993: Theodore Yao-tsu Wu
 1992: William R. Sears
 1991: Andreas Acrivos
 1990: John L. Lumley
 1989: 
 1988: 
 1987: Anatol Roshko
 1986: Robert T. Jones
 1985: Chia-Shun Yih
 1984: George Carrier
 1983: Stanley Corrsin
 1982: Howard W. Emmons
 1981: 
 1980: Hans Wolfgang Liepmann
 1979: Chia Chiao Lin

See also
 List of physics awards

References

External links
 Fluid Dynamics Prize, American Physical Society

Fluid dynamics
Awards established in 1979
Awards of the American Physical Society
Frank Isakson Prize. The Frank Isakson Prize for Optical Effects in Solids is a prize that has been awarded every second year by the American Physical Society since 1980. The recipient is chosen for "outstanding optical research that leads to breakthroughs in the condensed matter sciences.". The prize is named after Frank Isakson, and as of 2007 it is valued at $5,000.

Recipients 
Source:  American Physical Society
 2022: Manfred Fiebig
 2020: Robert W. Boyd and Vladimir M. Shalaev
 2018: Andrea Cavalleri and Keith A. Nelson
 2016: David Burnham Tanner and Dirk van der Marel
 2014: Naomi Halas, Peter Nordlander, and Tony Heinz
 2012: Dmitri Basov
 2010: Duncan G. Steel
 2008: Joseph Orenstein and Zeev Valentine Vardeny
 2006: Roberto Merlin
 2004: James Wolfe
 2002: James W. Allen and Thomas Timusk
 2000: Paul Linford Richards
 1998: Yuen-Ron Shen
 1996: David E. Aspnes
 1994: Anant K. Ramdas
 1992: Paul A. Fleury
 1990: Miles V. Klein
 1988: Albert J. Sievers
 1986: Elias Burstein
 1984: Manuel Cardona
 1982: Jan Tauc
 1980: David L. Dexter

See also
 List of physics awards

External links 
 Frank Isakson Prize for Optical Effects in Solids, American Physical Society

Awards of the American Physical Society
Condensed matter physics awards
Short-term conflict alert. Short-term conflict alert (STCA) is an automated warning system for air traffic controllers (ATCO). It is a ground-based safety net intended to assist the controller in preventing collision between aircraft by generating, in a timely manner, an alert of a potential or actual infringement of separation minima.

Description 

ICAO Doc 4444 requires that radar systems should provide for the display of safety-related alerts including the presentation of actual and predicted conflict. It is worth mentioning that ICAO Doc 4444 does neither provide definitions of the term STCA nor conflict alert. Instead the term STCA is ambiguously used in ATC community to identify such alerts as well as for data processing systems providing the alert function.

As an implementation STCA is part of the predictive safety net functions. It uses surveillance information derived from radars, ADS-B or multilateration as well as environmental data and optional flight plan information in order to predict the movement of aircraft. This process is usually working unnoticeably to the air traffic controller unless a (potential) separation infringement is identified. In this case STCA will generate an alarm to inform the air traffic controller about the hazardous situation identifying the conflicting aircraft. Due to the uncertainty of trajectory prediction the look ahead time of STCA system is typically limited to approx. 2 minutes. Extending the look ahead time is not beneficial as more and more nuisance alerts will be generated.

Related systems 

In addition to STCA, other ground-based safety net functions are typically implemented to support the ATCO. These in include
 Minimum safe altitude warning (MSAW); and
 Area proximity warning (APW), sometimes also called danger area infringement warning (DAIW).

The equivalent system on board an aircraft is TCAS. This system alerts pilots to possible conflicts, and suggests remedial actions, in the form of a climb or descent. Unlike TCAS, STCA does not normally suggest remedial action. If action is required, the controller will normally give a turn command to the aircraft, eliminating the possibility that his command will contradict that given by TCAS.

Other concepts of air safety are:
 making a flight plan and
 using airways.

See also
 Eurocat (Air Traffic Management System)

References

External links 
 SKYbrary article on STCA

Aviation safety
Air traffic control
Warning systems
STS Leeuwin II. STS Leeuwin II is a tall ship based in Fremantle, Western Australia, used for sail training for youths. The vessel was launched on 2 August 1986.

Design and construction
The Leeuwin II is a three-masted barquentine, named after the Dutch galleon  which mapped the south-west coast of Australia in 1622. It was built to a design by local naval architect Len Randell by Australian Shipbuilding Industries Pty Ltd (now BAE Systems Australia) and launched on 2 August 1986. It is operated by Leeuwin Ocean Adventure Foundation, a non-profit organisation that runs youth training voyages along the West Australian coast. The ship's overall length is  and its beam . The hull is welded steel with a teak deck. The main mast is  tall and, when fully rigged, the ship carries over  of sails. A full crew consists of 55 people, consisting of 5 permanent crew, up to 10 volunteers (including four watch leaders, a bosun's mate, cook's mate and purser), and 40 participants. The watch leaders take control of the four watch groups and lead the trainees through activities and ship duties on voyages of three days and more.

Service history
It has been utilised in special sailings in journeys on the Australian coastline. In 2012, the ship had a major refit at a cost of around $3.5 million.

Collision

On 30 August 2024, the  container ship Maersk Shekou collided with the Leeuwin II while entering the harbour of Fremantle, Australia. The collision brought down the ship's masts and injured two people on watch aboard Leeuwin II.

The Leeuwin IIs hull remained intact and watertight, and repair work is ongoing. The Maersk Shekou, for some 40 minutes out of control, also struck the Maritime Museum lightly. She suffered a gash on her starboard aft where she struck the Leeuwin II.

The ship was cleared of debris and sailed again for a short shakedown on 24 October 2024, albeit bereft of her mast and rigging.

See also

References

External links
 Sail Leeuwin The Leeuwin Ocean Adventure Foundation homepage
 

Individual sailing vessels
Fremantle
Three-masted ships
Barquentines
Tall ships of Australia
Ships of Western Australia
1986 ships
Sail training ships
Maritime incidents in 2024
CALS Raster file format. The CALS Raster file format is a standard for the interchange of graphics data. It was developed by the United States Department of Defense (DoD) as part of the Continuous Acquisition and Life-cycle Support (CALS) initiative. It defines a standard storing raster (bit-mapped) image data, either uncompressed or compressed using CCITT Group 4 compression.

References
 MIL-R-28002 Requirement for Raster Graphics Representation in Binary Format
 MIL-PRF-28002

External links
CALS Raster File Format Summary

Graphics file formats
Technical communication
Nickel sulfide inclusion. A nickel sulfide inclusion, also abbreviated to NiS, occurs during the process of manufacturing float glass (normal window glass).

Occurrence
In a batch of glass, contaminants that contain nickel might be present (e.g. stainless steel.) 
These can combine with sulfur to form nickel sulfide inclusions. Furnaces produce hundreds of tons of glass every day, so it is difficult to eliminate all contaminants. This causes a problem later in the manufacturing process.

While total elimination is difficult, specific controlled processes can significantly reduce the formation of NiS in the float glass.  These are actions taken by US flat glass manufacturers supplying to the automotive industry in the early 1990s:
all green sand (silica, transported by railroads from Wyoming USA) shipments were processed through multiple screens (to filter out any nickel bearing materials, either mineral or stainless steel tools, nuts, bolts, washers) since stainless steel cannot be detected by magnets.
all other bulk materials including recycled glass were inspected similarly to the point above.
every maintenance procedure and all training was very focused on the need for every worker to prevent contamination of the float furnace or the float glass tank with NiS.
use of any nickel containing tool or material anywhere in the Ford Glass float facility was closely controlled to prevent contamination.
any float glass suspected to have NiS (it could only be found with a Scanning Electron Microscope) was destroyed and landfilled as it could not be re-introduced to glass used for any purpose.

The process of tempering float glass can cause a NiS to change from its normal state (known as a low-temperature structure) to a different high-temperature, crystalline structure. When the glass is cooled quickly (as part of the process) the NiS particle is unable to change back to its original form. 
Over a certain period of time NiS will slowly convert to the original low temperature structure. This means the NiS increases in size, and the mechanical stresses caused by this cause the tempered pane to shatter, for no apparent reason (hence spontaneous glass breakage).

References

Glass engineering and science
Glass chemistry
Multiprotocol Encapsulation. Multiprotocol Encapsulation, or MPE for short, is a Data link layer protocol defined
by DVB which has been published as part of ETSI EN 301 192. It
provides means to carry packet oriented protocols (like for instance
IP) on top of MPEG transport stream (TS).

Another encapsulation method is Unidirectional Lightweight Encapsulation (ULE) which was developed and standardized within the IETF as RFC 4326.

Protocol Outline 
MPE uses MPEG-2 Private Table sections to carry the user
datagrams. The section header is used to convey:

 the frame's destination MAC address
 optional ISO/IEC 8802-2 Logical Link Control (LLC) and ISO/IEC 8802-1 Sub-Network Attachment Point (SNAP) information
 a payload scrambling indication
 a MAC address scrambling indication

MAC addresses from 1 to 6 bytes length may be used. The format of
MPEG-2 DSM-CC sections happens to be compatible with DVB MPE.

MPE-based IP Service Offerings

Service Architecture
A complete IP service offering over MPEG-2 TS can be established by
organizing MPE streams into one or more IP Platforms carried on a
broadcast network by means of the IP/MAC Notification Table
mechanism which is also defined in ETSI EN 301 192.

Commercial Offerings

Both major European satellite operators (SES and
Eutelsat) are offering commercial IP services using MPE (such as ASTRA2Connect) to both businesses and consumers.

External links
 DVB Project Homepage
 ETSI Homepage
ASTRA2Connect website

See also
 IP over DVB
ASTRA2Connect

Interactive television
MPEG
Logical link control
Broadcast engineering
Link protocols
Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone. Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP; also known as ) is a chemical inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation. It is a nitrile, hydrazone and protonophore. In general, CCCP causes the gradual destruction of living cells and death of the organism, although mild doses inducing partial decoupling have been shown to increase median and maximum lifespan in C. elegans models, suggesting a degree of hormesis. CCCP causes an uncoupling of the proton gradient that is established during the normal activity of electron carriers in the electron transport chain. The chemical acts essentially as an ionophore and reduces the ability of ATP synthase to function optimally. It is routinely used as an experimental uncoupling agent in cell and molecular biology, particularly in the study of mitophagy, where it was integral in discovering the role of the Parkinson's disease-associated ubiquitin ligase Parkin. Outside of its effects on mitochondria, CCCP may also disrupt lysosomal degradation during autophagy.

See also 
Carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP)

References

Nitriles
Hydrazones
3-Chlorophenyl compounds
Ionophores
Uncouplers
ARIA (disambiguation). ARIA is the Australian Recording Industry Association, an Australian music industry trade group.

ARIA may also refer to:

Science and technology
 ARIA (cipher), a block cipher algorithm developed in South Korea
 WAI-ARIA (Web Accessibility Initiative – Accessible Rich Internet Applications), a technical specification for web page accessibility
 Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma, an initiative for publishing guidelines on treatment of allergic rhinitis; see Bilastine
 Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities, a side effect of some amyloid-targeting drugs
 Advanced Range Instrumentation Aircraft, formerly Apollo / Range Instrumentation Aircraft

Other uses
 Advanced Research and Invention Agency, a research funding agency of the UK government
 Audio and Radio Industry Awards, annual awards for excellence in UK radio and audio presenting and production.
 Australian Reward Investment Alliance, a superannuation trustee for Australian Government employees

See also
 
 Aria (disambiguation)
Muy Interesante. Muy Interesante ('Very Interesting') is a monthly popular science magazine which deals with fun facts and current events, such as the development of nanotechnology, physics, biology, astronomy, genetics, neurosciences, new investigations and inventions, and world affairs.

History and profile
Muy Interesante was first published in May 1981. The owner and publisher of the magazine is Grupo G+J España Ediciones, S.L., a subsidiary of the German media company Bertelsmann. The magazine is published monthly. The headquarters of the magazine is in Madrid.

The magazine is also published in Mexico (Editorial Televisa); Argentina (Editorial Televisa, 1986); Colombia (Editorial Cinco); and as Super Interessante in Brazil (Editora Abril, 1987), Portugal (Edimpresa Editora, 1998) and Chile (Editorial Lord Cochrane, 1987).

Circulation
The circulation of Muy Interesante was 284,284 copies in 1993, making it the tenth best-selling magazine in Spain. In 1997 the magazine sold 282,155 copies. The average circulation of the monthly was 267,442 in 2003 and 259,545 copies in 2004. It was the sixth best-selling Spanish magazine in 2005 with a circulation of 258,297 copies.

Muy Interesante sold 208,880 copies in 2009.

See also
 List of magazines in Spain

References

External links

1981 establishments in Spain
Magazines established in 1981
Magazines published in Madrid
Monthly magazines published in Spain
Spanish-language magazines
Science and technology magazines published in Spain
Gruner + Jahr
Static relay. In electrical systems, a static relay is a type of relay, an electrically operated switch, that has no moving parts. Static relays are contrasted with electromechanical relays, which use moving parts to create a switching action. Both types of relay control electrical circuits through a switch that is open or closed depending upon an electrical input.

Static relays have been designed to perform similar functions with the use of electronic circuit control as an electromechanical relay performs with the use of moving parts or elements. For example, in an induction type electromechanical relay, the time delay for the switching action can be adjusted by adjusting the distance traveled by the disc, whereas in a static relay the delay can be set by adjusting the value of the resistance in an R-C time delay circuit.

Static relays may be based on analog solid state circuits, digital logic circuits, or microprocessor-based designs. Some authors use the term "static relay" to refer only to solid state relays.

Structure

A static relay consists of:
 An input circuit that measures the value of desired property
 A comparator circuit that compares the measured value to a preset threshold
 An optional time delay circuit that controls the timing of the switch action after the input has reached the threshold
 A power supply for the static relay circuits

For example, an overcurrent protective relay may have an AC to DC power supply for the input circuit, a level detector circuit and an RC time delay circuit. While early comparators used discrete transistor circuits, modern designs use operational amplifiers.

References

Solid state switches
Mattupetty Dam. Mattupetty Dam (Madupetty Dam), near Munnar in Idukki District,  is a  storage concrete gravity dam built  in  the mountains of Kerala, India to conserve water for hydroelectricity. It has been a vital source of power and huge revenue for Idukki District. The large amount of perennially available water allows wild animals and birds to flourish.
Construction of the dam was led by E.U. Philipose, Superintending Engineer, Kerala State Electricity Board.  The height of the dam is   and the length is . Taluks through which the release flows are Udumpanchola, Devikulam, Kothamangalam, Muvattupuzha, Kunnathunadu, Aluva, Kodungalloor and Paravur.

Specifications
Latitude : 10⁰ 06′ 23 ” N
Longitude: 77⁰ 07′ 26” E
Panchayath : Madupetty
Village : KDH Village
District : Idukki
River Basin : Muthirapuzha
River : Muthirapuzha
Release from Dam to river : Muthirapuzha
Type of Dam : Free-Fall Gravity
Construction : Rebar-Reinforced Concrete
 Classification : HH ( High Height)
 Full Reservoir Level ( FRL): EL 1599.59 m
 Full Reservoir Level ( FRL) : EL 1599.59 m
 Storage at FRL : 55.23 Mm3
 Height from deepest foundation : 83.35 m
 Length : 237.74 m
Spillway : Ogee type- 3 Nos. Radial gates, each of size 6.70 x 4.95 m 

Munnar is located near the confluence of the mountain streams of Muthirappuzha River, Chanduvarai River and Kundale River.

The reservoir is also known to be one of the visiting grounds of elephants in the region.

Gallery

See also

 List of dams and reservoirs in India
 Pallivasal Hydro Electric Project

References

External links

 , Kerela State Electricity Board Ltd.

Hydroelectric power stations in Kerala
Dams in Idukki district
Dams completed in 1953
1953 establishments in India
20th-century architecture in India
Uri Bin Nun. Uri Bin Nun is an Israeli inventor. He was CEO of the Israel Electric Corporation.

Business career
Uri Bin Nun succeeded Jacob Razon as CEO of the Israel Electric Corporation on March 20, 2006. He resigned in 2007 following months of disagreements with the government and the company's board of directors over the planned reform of the electricity company.

Bin Nun has applied for five patents, including one for a regenerator matrix and one for a refrigeration device with an improved DC motor.

References

External links

Israeli inventors
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Israeli Jews
Energy in Israel
Israeli businesspeople
AGO C.I. The AGO C.I was a First World War German pusher reconnaissance biplane that used a pod-and-boom configuration.

Development
The crew and pusher engine shared a central nacelle, and the twin booms carried the tail and the four-wheeled landing gear. The observer sat at the nose and was armed with a machine-gun.
 
A single example was fitted with floats for coastal patrol duties for the Imperial German Navy (designation C.I-W).

Operators 
 
 Luftstreitkrafte
 Kaiserliche Marine

Specifications

See also

References

Citations

Bibliography
 
 
 

C.I
AGO C.01
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1915
AGO C.II. The AGO C.II was a German reconnaissance biplane of World War I. It was essentially a slightly redesigned version of the manufacturer's C.I design with a more powerful engine and 3-bay wings.

Two examples were equipped with floats (designation C.II-W) and operated by the Imperial German Navy for coastal patrol.

Operators

Luftstreitkräfte
Kaiserliche Marine

Specifications (AGO C.II (3-bay wings))

See also

Notes

Bibliography

External links

 Das Virtuelle Luftfahrtmuseum

C.II
AGO C.02
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1915

de:AGO C.I-III
Mercedes D.IV. The Mercedes D.IV was an eight-cylinder, liquid-cooled inline aircraft engine built by Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft (DMG) and used on a small number of German aircraft during World War I.

Design and development
The design was based around the pistons of the ubiquitous D.III 6-cylinder design and developed 162 kW (217 hp), making it a Class IV motor under the IdFlieg classification system then in use in Imperial Germany. It also employed reduction gearing. When the reliability of the engine proved disappointing, it was supplanted in production by the unrelated six-cylinder Mercedes D.IVa. Specifically, the long crankshaft used in extending the original straight-six design to a straight-eight proved susceptible to breakage.

Applications

 AEG C.V
 AEG G.III
 AEG R.I
 AGO C.II
 AGO C.VIII
 Albatros C.V
 DFW R.I
 Gotha G.II
 LVG C.IV

Specifications

See also

References
 Kroschel, Gunter and Helmust Stützer. (1977) Die deutschen Militarflugzeuge 1910-1918 Wilhelmshaven: Lohse-Eissing Mittler.

Further reading

External links

 wwiaviation.com

Mercedes aircraft engines
1910s aircraft piston engines