omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Asio (C++ library). Asio is a freely available, open-source, cross-platform C++ library for network programming.  It provides developers with a consistent asynchronous I/O model using a modern C++ approach.
Boost.Asio was accepted into the Boost library on 30 December 2005 after a 20-day review.  The library has been developed by Christopher M. Kohlhoff since 2003. A networking proposal based on Asio was submitted to the C++ standards committee in 2006 for possible inclusion in the second Technical Report on C++ Library Extensions (TR2).

As of 2024, Asio continues to evolve, with ongoing contributions from the community and enhancements to its functionality. The library is regularly updated to support the latest C++ standards and best practices in network programming. Developers are encouraged to explore the extensive documentation and tutorials available on the official Asio website, which cover a wide range of topics, from basic usage to advanced features.

Notes

External links 
Asio home page
Boost Asio documentation
Samples

C++ libraries
Software using the Boost license
Asio (disambiguation). Asio is a genus of owls.

Asio or ASIO may also refer to:

asio (C++ library), a programming library for asynchronous I/O
Audio Stream Input/Output, computer sound card driver protocol for low-latency digital audio
Australian Security Intelligence Organisation
"ASIO", a song by Redgum from Frontline
"ASIO" a song by Benny Cristo

See also
 AZO (disambiguation)
 ACO (disambiguation)
Phoenicochroite. Phoenicochroite, also known as melanochroite, is a lead chromate mineral with formula Pb2OCrO4.  It forms striking orange red crystals. It was first discovered in 1839 in Beryozovskoye deposit, Urals, Russia. It is named from the Greek word φοίυικος for "deep red" and χρόα for "color", in allusion to its color.

References

Lead minerals
Chromate minerals
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 12
Statistics Online Computational Resource. The Statistics Online Computational Resource (SOCR) is an online multi-institutional research and education organization. SOCR designs, validates and broadly shares a suite of online tools for statistical computing, and interactive materials for hands-on learning and teaching concepts in data science, statistical analysis and probability theory. The SOCR resources are platform agnostic based on HTML, XML and Java, and all materials, tools and services are freely available over the Internet.

The core SOCR components include interactive distribution calculators, statistical analysis modules, tools for data modeling, graphics visualization, instructional resources, learning activities and other resources.

All SOCR resources are licensed under either the GNU Lesser General Public License or CC BY; peer-reviewed, integrated internally and interoperate with independent digital libraries developed by other professional societies and scientific organizations like NSDL, Open Educational Resources, Mathematical Association of America, California Digital Library, LONI Pipeline, etc.

See also
 List of statistical packages
 Comparison of statistical packages

External links
 SOCR University of Michigan site
 SOCR UCLA site

References

Educational math software
Research institutes in the United States
Statistical software
University of Michigan
Pyrognomic. Pyrognomic materials are said to become visibly incandescent at relatively low temperatures. In practice, virtually all solid or liquid substances start to visibly incandesce around 798 K (525 °C; 977 °F), with a mildly dull red color, whether or not a chemical reaction takes place that produces light as a result of an exothermic process. This limit is called the Draper point. The incandescence does not vanish below that temperature, but it is too weak in the visible spectrum to be perceivable. Pyrognomic materials are thought to visibly incandesce at much lower temperatures than the Draper point but a material with this property has never been proven to exist. Allanite and gadolinite are examples of minerals which have been claimed to exhibit true pyrognomic properties but have since been shown to exhibit thermoluminescence. The term was originally introduced by the German chemist and mineralogist Theodor Scheerer (1813-1873) in 1840, but the phenomenon had been previously observed by William Hyde Wollaston and Jöns Jacob Berzelius. The term is still used today to describe the thermoluminescence exhibited by various metamict minerals.

References

 Weisstein Encyclopedia
 Theodor Scheerer, Erörterung der plutonischen Natur des Granits und der damit verbundenen krystallinischen Silikate (nach einer Übersetzung von Frapolli) / Discussion sur la nature plutonique du granite et des silicates qui s′y rallient (traduit de l′allemand par L. Frapolli), Bulletin de la Société géologique de France, 2e série, IV, p. 468-498, 1847

Mineralogy
Steven Pemberton. Steven Pemberton is a researcher affiliated with the Distributed and Interactive Systems group at the Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI), the national research institute for mathematics and computer science in the Netherlands.

He was one of the designers of ABC, a programming language released in 1987, and editor-in-chief of the Special Interest Group on Computer–Human Interaction (SIGCHI)'s Bulletin from 1993-1999 and the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)'s Interactions from 1998-2004.

Contributions to web standards

Pemberton was a contributing author of HyperText Markup Language (HTML) 4.0 and HTML 4.01, and chair of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) HTML Working Group. He was a contributing author of the Extensible HyperText Markup Language (XHTML) specifications 1.0 in 2000 and 1.1 in 2001, and chair of the XHTML 2 Working Group from 2006-9.

He chaired the first W3C workshop on style sheets in 1995, and was a contributing author of the Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) Level 1 specification in 1996, Level 2 in 1998, and CSS Color Module Level 3 in 2002.

Pemberton was co-chair of the W3C XForms Working Group from 2000-2007, and in 2003 co-authored the XForms 1.0 specification. In 2009 he co-authored the XForms 1.1 and XML Events specifications. He was co-chair of the W3C Forms Working Group from 2010-2012.

Awards
 2009: SIGCHI Lifetime Service Award.
 2022: SIGCHI Lifetime Practice Award.

References

External links
 Personal website

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Hans Schmeisser. Hans Schmeisser is a German weapons technical designer. The son of Louis Schmeisser, who was also a famous weapons technical designer, his notable achievement is his contribution to the construction of the German "weapon city" of Suhl.

His work, along with the work of entrepreneurs and engineers like Simson, Sauer, and Haenel, helped shape Suhl for more than a century. Its name is closely connected to the Bergmann company in the development and production of machine guns up to the time of the First World War. The Bergmann company was the place where his brother, Hugo Schmeisser, received his fundamental training as a weapons designer.

In 1919, Hugo created the "Industriewerk Auhammer Koch und Co." (Industrial Auhammer Koch and Company) in Suhl. Under given conditions in Germany after the First World War, this enterprise did not run well from the outset. Into this time the first contact falls to the company Haenel in Suhl. That was the beginning of 20 years of cooperation with highs and lows. In the summer of 1922, for the security of their patents, Hugo and Hans Schmeisser created a second company under the name of "Gebrüder Schmeisser" (Brothers Schmeisser) in Suhl. Strangely, the brothers Schmeissers' attorney of the company, Haenel, remained, although they were shareholders and actually acting partners of the enterprise.

Engineers from Thuringia
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Walking Truck. The Walking Truck  or Cybernetic Walking Machine was an experimental quadruped walking vehicle created by General Electric in 1965. It was designed by Ralph Mosher to help infantry carry equipment over rough terrain. It alternatively bore the name of "CAM", an acronym for "Cybernetic Anthropomorphous Machine". It appeared in a segment of the Walter Cronkite–hosted The 20th Century in 1968.

Operation
The stepping of the robot was controlled by a human operator through foot and hand movements coupled to hydraulic valves. The complex movements of the legs and body pose were done entirely through hydraulics. The hydraulic fluid and pressure was supplied through an off-board system. The walking truck was one of the first technological hardware design applications to incorporate force feed-back to give the operator a feel of what was happening.

As of 2019, the surviving prototype can be seen at the U.S. Army Transportation Museum in Fort Eustis, Virginia. The robot weighed  and could walk up to . It was exhausting to control and, according to program lead Ralph Mosher who was the designer and primary driver, operators could only drive the walking truck for a limited time.

Modern variants
Plustech, a Finnish subsidiary of American agricultural, construction, and forestry machinery manufacturer John Deere, developed a "Timberjack Walking Machine" or "Walking Tractor" meant to traverse forested terrain. Locomotion is provided by six articulated legs, and it is capable of moving forward, backward, sideways, and diagonally.

See also
 Hardiman, another project of Ralph Mosher's
 BigDog
 Iron Dobbin
 Walker (Star Wars), in particular the AT-AT
 Strandbeesten

References

Further reading

External links
 A photograph of the truck.
 1969 – GE Walking Truck – Ralph Mosher (American), CyberneticZoo.com
 YouTube video of the "CAM"

Robots of the United States
Military vehicles of the United States
Walking vehicles
1960s robots
Millenia Tower. Millenia Tower is a , 41-storey skyscraper at Marina Centre in Singapore next to Promenade MRT station. The building is located in Millenia Singapore, and is the centrepiece of the development, less than 20 minutes from Singapore Changi Airport.

Arts and architecture
It is designed by Pritzker Prize laureate Kevin Roche. The square footprint rests on four illuminated cylinders which in turn frames a striking glass lobby. The tower is crowned with a massive pyramidal roof which is the tallest focal point of the entire development.

At the five storey tall lobby is a spectacular mural entitled “Rising” by artist Frank Stella. Millenia Tower also houses the giant pumpkin sculpture by Yayoi Kusama, one of the world's most influential artists.

Services and amenities 
 In-house property management with security, housekeeping, technicians, etc.
 Millenia Concierge by Conrad Centennial Singapore, offers hotel concierge service to office tenants.

See also
 List of tallest buildings in Singapore

References

External links

 Millenia Tower at Pontiac Land Private Limited

Downtown Core (Singapore)
John Burgee buildings
Office buildings completed in 1996
Skyscraper office buildings in Singapore
Marina Centre
20th-century architecture in Singapore
Scwm. Scwm or Scheme Constraints Window Manager is a window manager for the X Window System. Its main features are dynamic configurability and programmability via a language based on GNU Guile and the embedded arithmetic Cassowary constraint solver.  The primary developers were Greg Badros and Maciej Stachowiak.

The constraint solver is used to constrain window behavior.  For example, one can constrain two windows to have equal height, or to force the distance between two windows to be constant.  In real time, the Cassowary constraint solver re-solves the system of equalities and inequalities and applies the new mathematical solution to the on-screen layout, animating windows to their new positions. Other features include flexible GUI-driven customization and per window decoration settings (per window 'themes').

Scwm, like many window managers, began from Fvwm, another highly configurable window manager.  Scwm development has been stagnant since 2000 when Badros completed his Ph.D. at the University of Washington; the last updates to the git repository have focused on maintaining compatibility with Guile 2.0.x.

Scwm is released under the GNU GPL

References

Notes
"Guile: An Interpreter Core for Complete Applications" by Jim Blandy, pg 87-104 of Handbook of Programming Languages, Volume IV: Functional and Logic Programming Languages, ed. Peter H. Salus. 1998 (1st edition), Macmillan Technical Publishing; 
 The research was funded in part by both a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship and the University of Washington Computer Science and Engineering Wilma Bradley fellow-ship for Greg Badros, and in part by NSF Grant No. IIS-9975990.

External links

Free X window managers
Fiat Tagliero Building. The Fiat Tagliero Building is a Futurist-style service station in Asmara, Eritrea. It was completed in 1938 and designed by the Italian engineer Giuseppe Pettazzi.

Historical background

The Fiat Tagliero is noted as one of the foremost Art Deco buildings of Italian Asmara.

Conceived as a simple petrol station owned by dr. Tagliero (the Fiat concessionary in Asmara), the building was designed by Engr. Pettazzi as a futuristic structure that resembled an aeroplane incorporating a central tower with office space, cashiers desk and shop — and supporting a pair of huge 15m cantilevered, reinforced concrete wings. 

During construction, local authorities required each wing to be supported by pillars, and original plans, found in 2001, depicted the supports. Pettazzi maintained the supports were unnecessary and reportedly settled the argument by threatening to kill the contractor if the supports were not removed. 

In the end the supports were removed and the wings held.

During WW2 the Fiat Tagliero was partially hit by British bombing, but survived without huge damage: the wings proved to be very well built and did not collapse.

The building, used until recently as a Shell service station, remains structurally sound and has not been damaged during numerous conflicts affecting the Horn of Africa during the second half of the twentieth century. Restored in 2003, the service station is "Category I" listed in Eritrea, meaning no part of the building may be altered: it is one of the most important Art Deco buildings that gave to the city of Asmara the UNESCO approval to be a World Heritage Site in July 2017.

Notes

See also
Asmara: a Modernist City of Africa (UNESCO World Heritage)
 Giuseppe Pettazzi
 Italian Eritrea
 Cinema Impero, another famous "Art Deco" building in Asmara

External links
 Video about Tagliero building

Futurist architecture
Transport infrastructure completed in 1938
Italian fascist architecture
Buildings and structures in Asmara
Shell plc buildings and structures
Historic filling stations
Modernist architecture in Eritrea
1938 establishments in Africa
Aviation art
Myrcene. Myrcene, or β-myrcene, is a monoterpene. A colorless oil, it occurs widely in essential oils.  It is produced mainly semi-synthetically from Myrcia, from which it gets its name. It is an intermediate in the production of several fragrances. An less-common isomeric form, having one of the three alkene units in a different position, is α-myrcene.

Production

Myrcene is often produced commercially by the pyrolysis (400 °C) of β-pinene, which is obtained from turpentine. It is rarely obtained directly from plants.

Plants biosynthesize myrcene via geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP), which isomerizes into linalyl pyrophosphate. An elimination reaction, releasing the pyrophosphate (OPP) and a proton, completes the conversion.

Occurrence
It could in principle be extracted from any number of plants, such as verbena or wild thyme, the leaves of which contain up to 40% by weight of myrcene. Many other plants contain myrcene, sometimes in substantial amounts. Some of these include cannabis, hops, Houttuynia, lemon grass, mango, Myrcia, West Indian bay tree, and cardamom.

Of the several terpenes extracted from Humulus lupulus (hops), the largest monoterpenes fraction is β-myrcene. One study of the chemical composition of the fragrance of Cannabis sativa found β-myrcene to compose between 29.4% and 65.8% of the steam-distilled essential oil for the set of fiber and drug strains tested. Additionally, myrcene is thought to be the predominant terpene found in modern cannabis cultivars within North America. Interestingly, photo-oxidation of myrcene has been shown to rearrange the molecule into a novel terpene known as "hashishene" which is named for its abundance in hashish.

It is found in the South African Adenandra villosa (50%). & Brazilian Schinus molle (40%) Myrcene is also found in Myrcia cuprea petitgrain (up to 48%), bay leaf, juniper berry, cannabis, and hops.

Use in fragrance and flavor industries
Myrcene is an intermediate used in the perfumery industry.  It has a pleasant odor but is rarely used directly.  It is also unstable in air, tending to polymerize.  Samples are stabilized by the addition of alkylphenols or tocopherol. It is thus more highly valued as an intermediate for the preparation of flavor and fragrance chemicals, such as menthol, citral, citronellol, citronellal, geraniol, nerol, and linalool.

Both myrcene and myrcenol undergo Diels–Alder reactions with several dienophiles, such as acrolein, to give cyclohexene derivatives that are also useful fragrances, for instance Lyral.

Myrcene also contributes a peppery and balsam aroma in beer.

As of October 2018, the U.S. FDA withdrew authorization for the use of myrcene as a synthetic flavoring substance for use in food, without regard to its continuing stance that this substance does not pose a risk to public health under the conditions of its intended use.

Health and safety 
In 2015, beta-myrcene was added to California's Prop 65 list of chemicals known to the state of California to cause cancer or reproductive harm.

See also 
 Perfume allergy

References 

Flavors
Polyenes
Perfume ingredients
Monoterpenes
Wood extracts
Vocabulary-based transformation. In metadata, a vocabulary-based transformation (VBT) is a transformation aided by the use of a semantic equivalence statements within a controlled vocabulary.

Many organizations today require communication between two or more computers.  Although many standards exist to exchange data between computers such as HTML or email, there is still much structured information that needs to be exchanged between computers that is not standardized.  The process of mapping one source of data into another is often a slow and labor-intensive process.

VBT is a possible way to avoid much of the time and cost of manual data mapping using traditional extract, transform, load technologies.

History 

The term vocabulary-based transformation was first defined by Roy Shulte of the Gartner Group around May 2003 and appeared in annual "hype-cycle" for integration.

Application 
VBT allows computer systems integrators to more automatically "look up" the definitions of data elements in a centralized data dictionary and use that definition and the equivalent mappings to transform that data element into a foreign namespace.

The Web Ontology Language (OWL) language also support three semantic equivalence statements.

Companies or products 
 IONA Technologies
 Contivo and Delta by Liaison Technologies
 enLeague Systems
 ItemField
 Unicorn Solutions
 Vitria Technology
 Zonar

See also 
 Controlled vocabulary
 Data dictionary
 Enterprise application integration
 Metadata
 Semantic equivalence
 Semantic spectrum
 XSLT

External links
 Gartner Glossary of Terms Gartner definition Vocabulary-based transformation
 Gartner Hype Cycle 2003

Data management
Mechanical impedance. Mechanical impedance is a measure of how much a structure resists motion when subjected to a harmonic force. It relates forces with velocities acting on a mechanical system. The mechanical impedance of a point on a structure is the ratio of the force applied at a point to the resulting velocity at that point.

Mechanical impedance is the inverse of mechanical admittance or mobility. The mechanical impedance is a function of the frequency  of the applied force and can vary greatly over frequency. At resonance frequencies, the mechanical impedance will be lower, meaning less force is needed to cause a structure to move at a given velocity.  A simple example of this is pushing a child on a swing.  For the greatest swing amplitude, the frequency of the pushes must be near the resonant frequency of the system.

Where,  is the force vector,  is the velocity vector,  is the impedance matrix and  is the angular frequency.

Mechanical impedance is the ratio of a potential (e.g., force) to a flow (e.g., velocity) where the arguments of the real (or imaginary) parts of both increase linearly with time. Examples of potentials are: force, sound pressure, voltage, temperature. Examples of flows are: velocity, volume velocity, current, heat flow. Impedance is the reciprocal of mobility. If the potential and flow quantities are measured at the same point then impedance is referred as driving point impedance; otherwise, transfer impedance.

Resistance - the real part of an impedance. 
Reactance - the imaginary part of an impedance.

See also 
Acoustic impedance
Frequency response
Impedance analogy
Linear response function

References 

Physical quantities
Polyfuse (PROM). A polyfuse is a one-time-programmable memory component used in semiconductor circuits for storing unique data like chip identification numbers or memory repair data, but more usually small to medium volume production of read only memory devices or microcontroller chips.  They were also used as to permit programming of Programmable Array Logic.  The use of fuses allowed the device to be programmed electrically some time after it was manufactured and sealed into its packaging.  Earlier fuses had to be blown using a laser at the time memory was manufactured.  Polyfuses were developed to replace the earlier nickel-chromium (ni-chrome) fuses.  Because ni-chrome contains nickel, the ni-chrome fuse, once blown had a tendency to grow back and render the memory unusable.

History
The first polyfuses consisted of a polysilicon line, which was programmed by applying a high (10V-15V) voltage across the device. The resultant current physically alters the device and  increases its electrical resistance. This change in resistance can be detected and registered as a logical zero. An unprogrammed polyfuse would be registered as a logical one. These early devices had severe drawbacks like a high programming voltage and unreliability of the programmed devices.

Modern polyfuses
Modern polyfuses consist of a silicided polysilicon line, which is also programmed by applying a voltage across the device. Again, the resultant current permanently alters the resistance. The silicide layer covering the polysilicon line reduces its resistance (before programming), allowing the use of much lower programming voltages (1.8V–3.3V). Polyfuses have been shown to reliably store programmed data and can be programmed at high speed. Programming speeds of 100ns have been reported.

See also 
 Programmable read-only memory

References

Resistive components
Non-volatile memory
Computer memory