omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Xplore. Xplore may refer to:

Science and technology
 IEEE Xplore, an online database of IEEE research publications
 XploRe, a statistical software environment
 Xplore Technologies, designer, marketer and manufacturer of rugged tablet computers
 Xplore (space exploration company), a satellite manufacturer and operator
 Xplore!, a science centre in Wrexham, Wales
 Xplore, a series of PDAs by Group Sense PDA

Other uses
 Xplore Dundee, a bus operator based in Dundee, Scotland

See also
 Explorer (disambiguation)
 Exploration
Nakajima Ki-201. The  was a Japanese jet fighter aircraft-attack aircraft project designed during the final stages of World War II but which was never completed.

Development
The Nakajima Kikka had been inspired by the successful German Messerschmitt Me 262, but the similarities to that aircraft were limited to the general configuration. On the other hand, the design team led by Iwao Shibuya based the Karyū far more closely on the German aircraft, which had already proven itself quite formidable.

The Ki-201 project was ordered by the Imperial Japanese Army between October and December 1944, with the Army laying out a performance requirement of an  top speed,  practical ceiling, and  range. The design was advanced by Nakajima during 1945 and the basic drawings were completed in June.

Nakajima anticipated the completion of the first Karyū by December 1945, and the first 18 units by March 1946. Most sources agree that work on the first prototype had not yet begun by the time of the Japanese surrender.

Specifications (planned specification)

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

  (new edition 1987 by Putnam Aeronautical Books, .)
.
.

External links

 The Nakajima Ki-201 Karyu – j-aircraft.org

Ki-201, Nakajima
Messerschmitt Me 262
Ki-201
World War II jet aircraft of Japan
Ishikawajima Ne-20. The Ishikawajima Ne-20 () was Japan's first turbojet engine. It was developed during World War II in parallel with the nation's first military jet, the Nakajima Kikka.

Design and development
The decision to manufacture this engine came about because of the unsuitability of two earlier powerplants selected for the Kikka, the Tsu-11 and the Ne-12. The Ne-20 was made possible by Imperial Japanese Navy engineer Eichi Iwaya obtaining photographs and a single cut-away drawing of the German BMW 003 engine.

Only a small number of these engines, perhaps fifty, were produced before the end of the war. Two of them were used to power the Kikka on its only flight on August 7, 1945. Only a few of the engines under construction survived. It was also planned to use the engine to power a version of the Ohka kamikaze weapon, but this was not implemented before the end of the war.

Variants
Ne-20Standard production engines
Ne-20-Kai Up-rated version

Engines on display

Three Ne-20s have been preserved to the present day, one at Ishikawajima-Harima's internal company museum in Tanashi, and two at the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum in Washington, DC.

Specifications (Ne-20)

See also

References

Bibliography

External links

 Kugisho Ne-20, Naval Air Technical Arsenal, Turbojet Engine  -National Air and Space Museum

1940s turbojet engines
Ne-20
MOP. A mop is an implement for mopping floors.

MOP, mop or MoP may refer to:

Computer science
 Maintenance Operations Protocol, in computer networks
 Metaobject protocol, a technique that allows a computer programmer to extend or alter the semantics of a language
 Multiple Online Programming – see MINIMOP

Government and organizations
 Macanese pataca, the currency of Macau, by ISO 4217 code
 Ministry of Public Works (Chile)
 United Nations Messengers of Peace
 Messengers of Peace (Scouting)

Places
 Manila Ocean Park, an aquarium in the Philippines
 Mount Pleasant Municipal Airport (Michigan) (IATA: MOP), in Mount Pleasant, Michigan

Science
 mu opioid peptide (MOP) receptor, also referred to as mu Opioid receptor
 MOP Flippase, Multidrug/Oligosaccharidyl-lipid/Polysaccharide (MOP) Flippase superfamily of transport proteins
 Muriate of potash, see potassium chloride
 Mathematical Olympiad Program, held at Carnegie Mellon University to train team members for the International Mathematical Olympiad

Sports
 Major Opportunity Point, tennis terminology used to describe the point 0-30
 Most Outstanding Player, see also Most Valuable Player
 NCAA Division I basketball tournament Most Outstanding Player in the NCAA basketball tournaments
 NCAA Division I men's ice hockey tournament Most Outstanding Player in NCAA ice hockey tournaments

Other
 GBU-57A/B MOP, or Massive Ordnance Penetrator, a bomb used by the United States Air Force
 Manual of Practice, or Project Resource Manual, published by the Construction Speficiations Institute
 M.O.P., or Mash Out Posse, an American rap duo
 Mother of pearl
 Museum of Printing, a collection and library dedicated to the history and culture of printing and graphic arts
 A type of paintbrush

See also
 
 Mop & the Dropouts, a 1980s Australian band led by Mop Conlon
 MOPP (disambiguation)
 Mops (disambiguation)
UCAR. Ucar or UCAR may refer to:
 University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, a U.S. organization of atmospheric research institutions
 Unmanned Combat Armed Rotorcraft, a United States pilotless attack helicopter program, cancelled in 2005.
 Union Commerciale d'Assurances et de Réassurance, an insurance company in Burundi
 Ujar Rayon, a province in Azerbaijan
 Ucar, Azerbaijan, capital of that region
 Úcar, a municipality in the province of Navarre, Spain
 Uçar, Turkish surname
 U-Car, a type of race car built from stock parts
 Godfrey Chitalu, Legendary Zambian footballer and coach
 Gabriel Ucar Swedish football player
 A European brand name for consumer batteries formerly developed by Union Carbide.
Eaton's Corrasable Bond. Eaton's Corrasable Bond is a trademarked name for a brand of erasable typing paper. Erasable paper has a glazed or coated surface which is almost invisible, is easily removed by friction, and accepts typewriter ink fairly well. Removing the coating removes the ink on top of it, so mistakes can be easily erased once. After erasure, the paper itself is exposed, and further mistakes cannot be easily erased.

Because the coated surface does not absorb ink, documents printed on erasable paper are prone to smudging. Since the coating is intended to be easily removed by friction, the typed pages are not very durable. Under some storage conditions, the coating can cause pages to stick together. Erasable paper is not suitable for legal documents or archival records. It was available in a number of thicknesses.

Eaton's Corrasable Bond is no longer manufactured.

In the United States, Eaton's Corrasable Bond was a very familiar brand of erasable typing paper during the mid-1950s and 1960s, and "corrasable" became almost a generic name for erasable typing paper. For example, in prohibiting the use of such paper for manuscript submissions, the  Linguistic Society of America refers to "Eaton's 'Corrasable Bond' and similar brands."

Writer Peter David, who worked as an editor's assistant at the E. P. Dutton imprint Elsevier/Nelson before becoming a professional writer, once related finding a submission written on erasable bond, which made the print difficult to read. In a 1992 Comics Buyer's Guide column in which he provided aspiring writers with tips on composing submissions, he stated, "Don't write on anything other than standard-weight white bond paper. I don't care what Abe Lincoln or Jack Kerouac wrote on; you're not Lincoln or Kerouac. And for crying out loud, don't use erasable bond. That wasn't a dodge the writer used in Misery to get Annie out of the house; no real writer types on erasable bond."

In fiction
The paper is mentioned in the Stephen King novel Misery, when Annie Wilkes buys it for Paul Sheldon, thinking that since it is the most expensive paper, it has to be the best. When Paul shows Annie that Corrasable Bond is smudge-prone, and hence detested by editors, Annie thinks he is being ungrateful and, in a fit of bad temper, smashes her fist down onto a sitting Paul Sheldon's shattered knee, causing him agonizing pain.  In the film adaptation, she instead smashes his knee with the ream of paper itself.

"Divorce or Corrasable Bond" is a poem by Daniela Gioseffi.

In the tenth chapter of Sylvia Plath's The Bell Jar, Esther, the main character, mentions this paper when she sets up a place to start writing a novel. "I counted out three hundred and fifty sheets of corrasable bond from my mother's stock"...

In the first chapter of T.C. Boyle's Outside looking in, there is a Ford Fairlane that has tires "worn as smooth as the sheets of Corrasable Bond".

References

Printing and writing paper
Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project. Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) is a standard experimental protocol for global atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). It provides a community-based infrastructure in support of climate model diagnosis, validation, intercomparison, documentation and data access. Virtually the entire international climate modeling community has participated in this project since its inception in 1990.

AMIP is endorsed by the Working Group on Numerical Experimentation (WGNE) of the World Climate Research Programme, and is managed by the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison with the guidance of the WGNE AMIP Panel.

The AMIP experiment itself is simple by design; an AGCM is constrained by realistic sea surface temperature and sea ice from 1979 to near present, with a comprehensive set of fields saved for diagnostic research.

This model configuration removes the added complexity of ocean-atmosphere feedbacks in the climate system.  It is not meant to be used for climate change prediction, an endeavor that requires a coupled atmosphere-ocean model (e.g., see AMIP's sister project CMIP).

See also 
 Climate model

External links 
 https://web.archive.org/web/20170822235226/http://www-pcmdi.llnl.gov/projects/amip/index.php - AMIP home page

Numerical climate and weather models
Evolutionary Air and Space Global Laser Engagement. The Evolutionary Air and space Global Laser Engagement (EAGLE) is a missile defence plan being developed by the United States Air Force. It is a "space-based weapon".

The project is a combination of two separate missile defense efforts: the Aerospace Relay Mirror System and a new, high-altitude airship.  The project is designed as a means to destroy enemy missiles before they would have the opportunity to hit targets on American soil. It involves using either ground-based, air-based or space-based lasers deflected off a massive airship (roughly 25 times the size of the Goodyear blimp) covered in mirrors that could destroy missiles but also satellites or spacecraft in a low Earth orbit. By synergistically employing airborne, terrestrial, or space-based lasers in conjunction with space-based relay mirrors, this innovative approach substantially enhances the capabilities of both the Airborne Laser and Ground-Based Laser. The system effectively projects varying laser powers and frequencies, enabling a wide array of effects, ranging from illumination to destruction.

The first tests of the airship were scheduled to begin in 2006. Its current status as of 2011 is unknown.

References

External links
 Popular Science article on the project
 Defense Tech article on the project

Missile defense
Military lasers
Takao Doi. is a Japanese astronaut, engineer and veteran of two NASA Space Shuttle missions.

Early life and education 
Doi holds a doctorate from the University of Tokyo in aerospace engineering, and has studied and published in the fields of propulsion systems and microgravity technology. He researched at the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science and was selected by NASDA as an astronaut candidate in 1985 for the Japanese crewed space program while also conducting research in the United States at NASA's Lewis Research Center and the University of Colorado at Boulder. Doi flew as a mission specialist aboard STS-87 in 1997, during which he became the first Japanese astronaut to conduct a spacewalk.

He received a Ph.D. in 1983 from the University of Tokyo, and also a PhD in Astronomy from Rice University in 2004.

Astronaut career 
Takao Doi visited the International Space Station in March 2008 as a member of the STS-123 crew. STS-123 delivered the first module of the Japanese laboratory, Kibō, and the Canadian Dextre robot to the space station. During this mission, he became the first person to throw a boomerang in space that had been specifically designed for use in microgravity during spaceflight.

Post-astronaut career 
In September 2009, Doi retired from astronaut duty and started working as the chief of Space Applications Section of United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs.

In April 2016, he became a professor at the Unit of Synergetic Studies for Space of Kyoto University and then at the Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies in Human Survivability (GSAIS) in April 2020.

As an avid amateur astronomer, he discovered supernovae SN 2002gw and SN 2007aa.

References

External links

 
Spacefacts biography of Takao Doi

Japanese astronauts
Japanese aerospace engineers
University of Tokyo alumni
University of Colorado Boulder alumni
1954 births
Living people
Rice University alumni
Space Shuttle program astronauts
Discoverers of supernovae
Spacewalkers
Serial Storage Architecture. Serial Storage Architecture (SSA) was a serial transport protocol used to attach disk drives to server computers. It was developed by IBM employee Ian Judd in 1990 to provide data redundancy for critical applications. SSA was deployed in server RAID environments, where it was capable of providing for up to 80 MB/s of data throughput, with sustained data rates as high as 60 MB/s in non-RAID mode and 35 MB/s in RAID mode.

SSA was promoted as an open standard by the SSA Industry Association, unlike its predecessor, the first generation Serial Disk Subsystem. A number of vendors including IBM, Pathlight Technology and Vicom Systems produced products based on SSA. It was also adopted as an American National Standards Institute (ANSI) X3T10.1 standard. SSA devices are logically SCSI devices and conform to all of the SCSI command protocols.

History

SSA was invented by Ian Judd of IBM in 1990. IBM produced a number of successful products based upon this standard before it was overtaken by the more widely adopted Fibre Channel protocol.

Link characteristics
All the components in a typical SSA subsystem are connected by bi-directional cabling. Data sent from the adaptor can travel in either direction around the loop to its destination. SSA detects interruptions in the loop and automatically reconfigures the system to help maintain connection while a link is restored.

Up to 192 hot swappable hard disk drives can be supported per system. Drives can be designated for use by an array in the event of hardware failure. Up to 32 separate RAID arrays can be supported per adaptor, and arrays can be mirrored across servers to provide cost-effective protection for critical applications. Arrays are connected by thin and inexpensive copper cables situated up to 25 metres apart, allowing subsystems to be located in secure, convenient locations, far from the server itself.

The copper cables used in SSA configurations are round bundles of two or four twisted pairs, up to 25 metres long and terminated with 9-pin micro-D connectors. Impedances are 75 ohm single-ended, and 150 ohm differential. For longer-distance connections, it is possible to use fiber-optic cables up to 10 km (6 mi) in length. Signals are differential TTL. The transmission capacity is 20 megabytes per second in each direction per channel, with up to two channels per cable. The transport layer protocol is non-return-to-zero, with 8B/10B encoding (10 bits per character). Higher protocol layers were based on the SCSI-3 standard.

Products
IBM 7133 Disk expansion enclosures
IBM 2105 Versatile Storage Server (VSS)
IBM 2105 Enterprise Storage Server (ESS)
IBM 7190 SBUS SSA Adapter
Pathlight Technology Streamline PCI Host Bus Adapter, SSA Data Pump, storage area network gateway

See also
List of device bandwidths

References

Serial buses
SCSI
IBM storage devices
American National Standards Institute standards
Computer storage buses
Real-time Cmix. Real-Time Cmix (RTcmix) is one of the MUSIC-N family of computer music programming languages.  RTcmix is descended from the MIX program developed by Paul Lansky at Princeton University in 1978 to perform algorithmic composition using digital audio soundfiles on an IBM 3031 mainframe computer.  After synthesis functions were added, the program was renamed Cmix in the 1980s.  Real-time capability was added by David Topper, John Gibson, Brad Garton, and Douglas Scott in the mid-1990s.  In addition, support for TCP socket connectivity, interactive control of the scheduler were added, as well as the ability to embed the synthesis engine into fully featured applications such as Max/MSP.

Over the years Cmix/RTcmix has run on a variety of computer platforms and operating systems, including NeXT, Sun Microsystems, IRIX, Linux, and Mac OS X.  It is and has always been an open source project, differentiating it from commercial synthesizers and music software.  It is currently developed by a group of computer music researchers both academic (at Princeton University, Columbia University, and Indiana University Bloomington), and private.

RTcmix has a number of unique (or highly unusual) features when compared with other synthesis and signal processing languages.  For one, it has a built-in MINC parser, which enables the user to write C-style code within the score file, extending its capability for algorithmic composition and making it closer in some respects to later music software such as SuperCollider and Max/MSP.  It uses a single-script instruction file (the score file), and synthesis and signal processing routines (called instruments) loaded as shared libraries.  This is different from MUSIC-N languages such as Csound where the instruments exist in a second file written in a specification language that builds the routines out of simple building blocks (organized as opcodes or unit generators).  RTcmix has similar functionality to Csound and other computer music languages, however, and their shared lineage means that scripts written for one language will be extremely familiar-looking (if not immediately comprehensible) to users of the other language.

References

External links
 
 RTcmix on GitHub

Audio programming languages
Columbia University
Electronic music software
Free audio software
Free music software
MacOS multimedia software
Software synthesizers
University of Virginia
Stateless protocol. A stateless protocol is a communication protocol in which the receiver must not retain session state from previous requests. The sender transfers relevant session state to the receiver in such a way that every request can be understood in isolation, that is without reference to session state from previous requests retained by the receiver.

In contrast, a stateful protocol is a communication protocol in which the receiver may retain session state from previous requests.

In computer networks, examples of stateless protocols include the Internet Protocol (IP), which is the foundation for the Internet, and the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), which is the foundation of the World Wide Web. Examples of stateful protocols include the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the File Transfer Protocol (FTP).

Stateless protocols improve the properties of visibility, reliability, and scalability. Visibility is improved because a monitoring system does not have to look beyond a single request in order to determine its full nature. Reliability is improved because it eases the task of recovering from partial failures. Scalability is improved because not having to store session state between requests allows the server to quickly free resources and further simplifies implementation.

The disadvantage of stateless protocols is that they may decrease network performance by increasing the repetitive data sent in a series of requests, since that data cannot be left on the server and reused.

Examples 
An HTTP server can understand each request in isolation.

Contrast this with a traditional FTP server that conducts an interactive session with the user. During the session, a user is provided a means to be authenticated and set various variables (working directory, transfer mode), all stored on the server as part of the session state.

Stacking of stateless and stateful protocol layers 
There can be complex interactions between stateful and stateless protocols among different protocol layers. For example, HTTP, a stateless protocol, is layered on top of TCP, a stateful protocol, which is layered on top of IP, another stateless protocol, which is routed on a network that employs BGP, another stateful protocol, to direct the IP packets riding on the network.

This stacking of layers continues even above HTTP. As a workaround for the lack of a retained session state, HTTP servers implement various session management methods, typically utilizing a session identifier in an HTTP cookie referencing a session state stored on the server, effectively creating a stateful protocol on top of HTTP. HTTP cookies violate the REST architectural style because even without referencing a session state stored on the server, they are independent of session state (they affect previous pages of the same website in the browser history) and they have no defined semantics.

See also 
 Representational state transfer
 Soft state

References 

Servers (computing)
Network protocols