omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Carl Chang (computer scientist). Carl Kochao Chang () is Professor of Computer Science, Professor of Human Computer Interaction and Director of Software Engineering Laboratory in the Department of Computer Science at Iowa State University, where he served as its department chair from 2002 to 2013. He received a PhD in computer science from Northwestern University.

Career
He worked for GTE Automatic Electric and Bell Laboratories before joining the University of Illinois at Chicago in 1984, where he directed the International Center for Software Engineering. He served as Professor and Director for the Institute for Mobile, Pervasive, and Agile Computing Technologies (IMPACT) at Auburn University from 2001 to 2002, before moving to Iowa State University in July 2002 to take the department chair position. Chang was the 2004 IEEE Computer Society president. Previously he served as the Editor-in-Chief for IEEE Software (1991–1994) and Editor-in-Chief for IEEE Computer (2007–2010). He spearheaded the Computing Curricula 2001 (CC2001) project jointly sponsored by the IEEE Computer Society, the ACM, and the National Science Foundation. He is a Life Fellow of IEEE, a Fellow of AAAS, and a Life Fellow and an officer of the European Academy of Sciences. Chang retired from Iowa State University in 2022.

Awards and recognition
He received the 2000 IEEE Third Millennium Medal, the 2006 Bulgaria Academy of Sciences Marin Drinov Medal, and the 2012 IEEE Computer Society Richard E. Merwin Medal. As a three times winner of IBM Faculty Award, Chang's research interests include software engineering, human computer interaction and digital health. He is the founder of Situation Analytics based on his Situ theoretical framework. He is the recipient of the 2014 Overseas Outstanding Contribution Award from China Computer Federation (CCF 中国计算机学会) as well as the 2014 Distinguished Alumnus by the National Central University in Taiwan (中央大學－台灣)。

References

External links 
Professor Carl K. Chang's official web site
Professor Carl K. Chang's personal web site

American computer scientists
American people of Taiwanese descent
Auburn University faculty
Fellows of the IEEE
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Iowa State University faculty
University of Illinois Chicago faculty
Living people
Northwestern University alumni
Engineers from Iowa
National Central University alumni
1952 births
Wisconsin Integrally Synchronized Computer. The Wisconsin Integrally Synchronized Computer (WISC) was an early digital computer designed and built at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. Operational in 1954, it was the first digital computer in the state.

Pioneering computer designer Gene Amdahl drafted the WISC's design as his PhD thesis. The computer was built over the period 1951-1954. It had 1,024 50-bit words (equivalent to about 6 KB) of drum memory, with an operation time of 1/15 second and throughput of 60 operations per second, which was achieved by an early form of instruction pipeline. It was capable of both fixed and floating point operation.
It weighed about .

The WISC is part of the permanent collection of the Computer History Museum.

References

External links
Oral history interview with Gene M. Amdahl. Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Amdahl starts by describing his early life and education, recalling his experiences teaching in the Advanced Specialized Training Program during and after World War II. Amdahl discusses his graduate work at the University of Wisconsin and his direction of the design and construction of the Wisconsin Integrally Synchronized Computer. Describes his role in the design of several computers for IBM including the STRETCH, IBM 701, 701A, and IBM 704. He discusses his work with Nathaniel Rochester and IBM's management of the design process for computers. He also mentions his work with Ramo-Wooldridge, Aeronutronic, and Computer Sciences Corporation.
 Contains Gene Amdahl's PhD thesis and WISC User's Manual

Photos:

Early computers
One-of-a-kind computers
FlashCP. FlashCP was a copy prevention technology for the storage of electronic materials (e.g. e-books). Originally developed under the trademark "BookLocker", SanDisk acquired the technology in 2005 with the purchase of Israeli-based privately held company "MDRM".

FlashCP is primarily used on USB flash drives to provide students with storage capabilities of copyrighted material, while preventing sharing of such material. This is done through the use of Windows software that must be installed to use the FlashCP capability of the drive. The software interfaces with proprietary software in the flash drive. SanDisk manufactured a flash drive using the FlashCP technology, the 256MB Cruzer "Freedom Drive".

References

Digital rights management systems
Motor Development International. Motor Development International SA (MDI) is a Luxembourg-French based company designing products in both mobility and energy storage using a compressed air engine.

Development history
Established by Guy Nègre, the Luxembourg company MDI, with its administrative and production departments based in Carros in southeastern France, has developed an environmentally friendly car engine that uses compressed air to push the pistons of the engine and move the car.

Company history 
2009-2011: According to MDI, were some fabrication and distribution licenses signed with companies in various countries including France, Germany, Spain, Portugal, Italy, New Zealand, Israel and South Africa. Zero Pollution Motors would like to make MDI vehicles in the United States. MDI Andina S.A wanted to sell the car in Colombia, Peru, Ecuador and Panama. The last one was CATECAR S.A in Switzerland which was about to start the first assembly line in the Bernese Jura, but the project is on hold (as so many others before) due to legal problems with MDI. Catecar purchased rights to produce and market MDI vehicles in Switzerland but MDI failed to produce the required technology. Catecar has now abandoned compressed air and has built prototype EVs.

MDI had also reached an agreement with Tata Motors, which was to produce and sell OneCAT cars in India. Tata Motors announced in May 2012 that they had assessed the design passing phase 1, the "proof of the technical concept" towards full production for the Indian market. Tata has moved onto phase 2, "completing detailed development of the compressed air engine into specific vehicle and stationary applications".

2012: After five years of testing and validation of the concept, MDI-designed engines were said to have been successfully integrated into Tata vehicles, and the air-powered "MiniCat" was promised to be on sale in India before the end of 2012. This was disputed in 2016 by MDI's CEO, Cyril Nègre, who said, "We never said that there will be any MiniCats in India. The deal we have is that Tata Motors has bought the exclusive licence of our Indian technology. But they’re going to produce their own car, not MDI cars — their own cars using our engines.”

2016:  Guy Nègre passes away on June 24, 2016. MDI was one of eight finalists in the competition for a grant from the United Nations' Powering The Future We Want program, but ultimately lost to SINTEF.

2017: In February 2017 Dr. Tim Leverton, president and head at Advanced and Product Engineering at Tata revealed that it had completed the first phase of its project and the second stage was started a few years earlier.  Tata was at a point of "starting industrialisation" with the first vehicles to be available by 2020.  Other reports indicate Tata is also looking at reviving plans for a compressed air version of the Tata Nano, which had previously been under consideration as part of their collaboration with MDI.

See also 
Compressed air car
Air engine
Fireless locomotive

References

External links 
 

Engineering companies of Luxembourg
Privately held companies of France
Car manufacturers of France
Emil Wohlwill. Wolf Emil Wohlwill (24 November 1835 in Seesen – 2 February 1912 in Hamburg) was a German-Jewish engineer of electrochemistry. He invented the Wohlwill process in 1874.

Literary works 
 Galilei und sein Kampf für die copernikanische Lehre, the 1st volume, 1909
 the 2nd volume, 1926

See also 
 Wohlwill process
 Wohlwill-Andrade syndrome

References
Gold Avenue Encyclopedia

1835 births
1912 deaths
People from Seesen
People from the Duchy of Brunswick
19th-century German Jews
Engineers from Lower Saxony
Boeing Monomail. The Boeing Model 200 Monomail was an American mail plane of the early 1930s.

Design and development

The aircraft marked a departure from the traditional biplane configuration for a transport aircraft, instead featuring a single, low set, all metal cantilever wing. Retractable landing gear and a streamlined fuselage added to the aerodynamic efficiency of the aircraft. A single example was constructed for evaluation by both Boeing and the US Army (under the designation Y1C-18) but no mass production ensued, and the aircraft eventually joined Boeing's fleet on the San Francisco-Chicago air mail route from July 1931.

A second version was developed as the Model 221, with a fuselage stretched by 8 inches (20 cm) that sacrificed some of its cargo capacity to carry six passengers in an enclosed cabin; the single pilot, however, sat in an open cockpit. This version first flew on 18 August 1930. Both the Model 200 and the Model 221 were eventually modified for transcontinental service as the Model 221A, with slight fuselage stretches to give both a cabin for eight passengers. These aircraft were flown on United Air Lines' Cheyenne-Chicago route.

The advanced design of the Monomail was hampered by the lack of suitable engine and propeller technology. By the time variable-pitch propellers and more powerful engines were available, the design had been surpassed by multi-engined aircraft, including Boeing's own 247. However, many advancements of the Monomail were incorporated into the designs of the most advanced bomber and fighter aircraft of the early 1930s, the Boeing B-9 and the Model 248 (later developed into the P-26 Peashooter of the USAAC), respectively.

Variants
Model 200
mailplane (1 built)
Model 221
mailplane with capacity for 6 passengers (1 built)
Model 221A
Model 200 and 221 converted as 8-passenger airliners
Model 231
Planned lengthened version of Model 221, not built.

Operators

Boeing Air Transport
United Air Lines

Specifications (Model 221)

See also

References
Boeing History - Boeing Monomail Transport Retrieved June 17, 2006.

External links

 Boeing: Historical Snapshot: Monomail Transport
 Fiddlergreen.net: Monomail
 Colorado Wreck Chasing: Glendo Crash Site

1930s United States airliners
Monomail
1930s United States mailplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1930
Aircraft with retractable conventional landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
Microsoft Institute for High Performance Computing. The Microsoft Institute for High Performance Computing was created in November 2005 at the University of Southampton. The only one of its kind in the UK. It is one of nine such institutes worldwide.

History
The creation of the institute was announced by Bill Gates during the International Supercomputing Conference in 2005, and the institute itself is currently led by Professor Simon J. Cox while Dr. Kenji Takeda, co-director, left the University of Southampton to join Microsoft. 

In 2006 Microsoft was working on a proof-of-concept implementation of a bespoke engineering workflow software for BAE Systems. The large British aerospace company wanted to run its SOLAR software on the Microsoft Cluster Server. The teams at the University of Southampton, BAE Systems and Microsoft managed to build a demonstrator in just 3 weeks. This comprised an SQL Server back-end and a Net 2.0 Web Service.

Research
The institute has conducted research in:
 Computational fluid dynamics
 Computational electromagnetics
 Electrical grid technologies
 Conference XP
 SQL
 WinFS
 Windows Communication Foundation
 Microsoft Cluster Server

Reception
Microsoft Visual Studio's Product Manager Dennis Crain referring to the MIHPC in Southampton said:

List of MIHPCs worldwide
 University of Southampton
 TACC - University of Texas Austin
 University of Utah
 University of Stuttgart
 Shanghai Jiao Tong University
 Nizhny Novgorod University
 University of Tennessee
 Tokyo Institute of technology
 Shanghai Supercomputer Center

Notes

External links
 Blog

Institute for High Performance Computing
University of Southampton
Ramped powered lighter. The ramped powered lighter (RPL) was a type of landing craft formerly operated by the Royal Corps of Transport of the British Army, from the 1960s until the 1990s. Performing similar tasks to the ramped cargo lighter of the Second World War, it had a vehicle deck that was  wide and  long, and a load capacity of 30.5 tonnes (30.0 long tons). From the early 1980s onwards it was replaced with the larger ramped craft logistic (RCL). The last RPL was in service in Belize until the main British Armed Forces presence was withdrawn from there in 1994.

References
"Defence Standard 00-3/Issue 3- Design Guidance For The Transportability Of Equipment", 27 May 1985, UK Ministry of Defence

Ship types
Landing craft
Wöhler. Wöhler  may refer to:
 People
 August Wöhler (1819–1914), German engineer
 Cordula Wöhler (1845–1916), German writer and hymnwriter
 Friedrich Wöhler (1800–1882), German chemist
 Otto Wöhler (1894 in Burgwedel – 1987 in Burgwedel), German general
 Jürgen (Otto) Wöhler (born 1950 in Oberlahnstein), German lawyer and manager

 Other
 Wöhler (crater), a crater on Earth's moon
 Wöhler curves used in mechanical fatigue analysis
 Wöhler process, a chemical process used in the production of aluminum
 Wöhler synthesis, the chemical reaction in which ammonium cyanate is converted into urea

See also 
 Wohlers

German-language surnames
Ramped craft logistic. The ramped craft logistic (RCL) is a type of landing craft operated by 17 Port and Maritime Regiment RLC of the Royal Logistic Corps of the British Army. From the early 1980s onwards it was deployed to replace the RPL (ramped powered lighter). One of their first roles was to provide logistical support during the setting up of the garrison in the Falkland Islands immediately after the Falklands War - this role was conducted by the two first of class, Arromanches and Antwerp, later stationed at the military port at Marchwood, near Southampton, RCLs were originally procured for UK, Cyprus and Hong Kong. The two  based at the British base at Akrotiri, Cyprus, Andalsnes and Akyab were operated as 417 Troop of 17 Port and Maritime Regiment RLC. They were sold in 2014

Ferguson Transport and Shipping bought four members of the class and fitted them with Epsilon hydraulic cranes for commercial work, principally around the west coast of Scotland.

Fleet list
There were 9 ramped craft logistic brought into service:

References

Bibliography

"Defence Standard 00-3/Issue 3- Design Guidance For The Transportability Of Equipment", 27 May 1985, UK Ministry of Defence
British Army website RCL page  
Gallery of army landing craft: http://www.rfanostalgia.org/gallery3/index.php/RFA-AMPHIBIOUS/Army/Army-Landing-Craft

Ship types
Landing craft
British Army equipment
Royal Logistic Corps
Chemical & Engineering News. Chemical & Engineering News (C&EN) is a weekly news magazine published by the American Chemical Society (ACS), providing professional and technical news and analysis in the fields of chemistry and chemical engineering. It includes information on recent news and research in these fields, career and employment information, business and industry news, government and policy news, funding in these fields, and special reports. The magazine is available to all members of the American Chemical Society. The ACS also publishes C&EN Global Enterprise (), an online resource that republishes articles from C&EN for easier online access to content.

History
The magazine was established in 1923, and has been on the internet since 1998.

The editor-in-chief is Nick Ishmael Perkins.

Abstracting and indexing
The magazine is abstracted and indexed in Chemical Abstracts Service, Science Citation Index, and Scopus.

References

External links

American Chemical Society academic journals
Chemical engineering journals
Engineering magazines
Magazines established in 1923
Magazines published in Washington, D.C.
Professional and trade magazines
Science and technology magazines published in the United States
Weekly magazines published in the United States
House R 128. House R 128 is a modernist single-family house in Stuttgart, Germany, designed by architect Werner Sobek and engineered by Werner Sobek AG in 1999/2000.
The house features a modular and recyclable design, is completely glazed and has no interior dividing walls.
It is computerized and meets its own energy requirements completely.

Overview 
The name of the house is derived from its location at Römerstrasse 128, which is a small and steep piece of land at the edge of the vale of Stuttgart. When the house was built, it was paid a great amount of attention in the architectural world. The building is shaped like a cube, has four levels and is wrapped by a glass shield. All components can be segregated for recycling. There are no walls or closed rooms (apart from the bathrooms) and only few pieces of furniture. The transparency is supposed to create the impression that one lives outdoors exposed to nature. Owing to its passive solar architecture with triple-glazed walls, the house needs no energy for heating and is a zero-emissions, zero-carbon, sustainable house.
Seasonal temperature shifts are balanced by a seasonal thermal energy store.
Electricity is generated by solar cells. 
Every item in the house is computer-controlled.

References

Further reading 

 
 
 .
 

Buildings and structures in Stuttgart
Houses in Germany
Low-energy building
Joseph Hornblower. Joseph Hornblower (1696? – 1762) was an English engineer, a pioneer of steam power.

Biography
Joseph Hornblower was born in 1696 in Staffordshire, England.

In 1725 he was engaged to install a Newcomen engine at Wheal Rose, near Truro. He settled in Salem, Cornwall in 1748.

Jonathan Hornblower and Josiah Hornblower were his sons by his first wife Rebecca Haywood whom he married in Netherton, Worcestershire in 1716. He died in Bristol, having had 7 sons and a daughter altogether by his two wives .

References

External links
Joseph Hornblower

1690s births
1762 deaths
British steam engine engineers
Engineers from Worcestershire
Supercorridor. A supercorridor is a proposed new type of transportation infrastructure in the United States. 

A supercorridor would use swaths of land up to 1,200 feet (370 m) wide to carry parallel links of freeways, rails, and utility lines. The freeway portions would be divided into two separate elements: truck lanes and lanes for passenger vehicles.  Similarly, the rail lines in the corridor would be divided among freight, commuter, and high-speed rail. Services expected to be carried in the utility corridor include water, electricity, natural gas and petroleum, plus fiber optic lines and other telecommunications services.

Supercorridors bypass traditional national borders, instead using inland ports known as "smartports". Border guards and customs officers would check the cargo at these inland ports.

Proposals 
No such supercorridors exist. The US State of Texas proposed the Trans-Texas Corridor in 2001 and eventually killed the project in 2011 before any of the project had been constructed. The Texas Department of Transportation concluded that it was more economical to route the transportation and utility corridors separately. The State of Washington studied a supercorridor commonly called Interstate 605 in 2003, but took no action.

The North American SuperCorridor Coalition advocates for the construction of several such corridors through the United States, Canada, and Mexico.

Criticism
Critics of supercorridors complain that existing transportation infrastructure is not being invested in and maintained. Other critics are concerned about the environmental damage which might occur by creating a supercorridor. Still others are concerned about issues of national and state sovereignty, and the possible increased danger of terrorism, in the rapid transfer of individuals, goods and materials across borders. The study of Interstate 605 found that the corridor would be expensive and more than half of its length would not be economically feasible. Acquisition of large swaths of land for such corridors has created questions about property rights and the use of eminent domain.

References

Further reading
Craig Howie US divided by superhighway plan The Scotsman June 16, 2006

External links

Proposed transportation infrastructure in the United States
Chelsea filter. In gemmology, a Chelsea filter is a dichromatic optical filter used for identifying coloured stones.

History
The "chelsea" filter was originally devised by Anderson and Payne in 1934 of the Gem testing Laboratory of the London Chamber of Commerce & Industry. The filter was devised with the collaboration of gemmology students of the Chelsea College of Science and Technology where Basil Anderson was an instructor for the Gemmological Association of Great Britain. Since this filter allows transmission of both deep-red wavelengths around 690 nanometres and yellow-green wavelengths, around 570 nanometres, that matched emerald's emission and absorption characteristics, this filter was initially recommended to assist the discrimination between natural emerald and its simulants such as green glass, tourmaline, peridot, etc. This discrimination is possible because chromium (containing iron) and vanadium-free emeralds emit a red fluorescence when illuminated by white light that also has a content of ultraviolet wavelengths.

Synthetic emeralds were commercially introduced around 1940. These produce the same pink-red response as some emeralds through the Chelsea filter. However, although this filter is unable to predictably discriminate between natural and synthetic emerald, it has been subsequently found capable of distinguishing aquamarine, blue topaz, and their blue synthetic spinel simulants, because unlike natural gemstones, blue cobalt-containing synthetic spinels emit a red fluorescence under white light.

Chelsea Colour Filter is a UK Trademark held by The Gemmological Association of Great Britain (UK Trademark Registration No. 1473951).

Use
Hold the filter an inch or two from the eye. Light the stone with a strong incandescent light bulb or torch, not LED. The stone may appear to change colour. The filter must be held near to the eye but there is no need to hold the filter close to the stone, even items in showcases can be examined providing they are lit by strong lights.

Chelsea Filters were also used to help separate aquamarine and natural zircon from synthetic flame-fusion spinel (used extensively in "birthstone" jewelry), as both of the former absorb the red portion of the spectrum and the synthetic spinel did not.

See also
 Infrared filter
 Optical filter

References

External links
 Chelsea Filter - Gemstone Buzz uses, procedure & precautions.
 Instructions for Chelsea Filter
 MineralLab & other type of filters

Gemology
Optical filters
High-performance technical computing. High-performance technical computing (HPTC) is the application of high performance computing (HPC) to technical, as opposed to business or scientific, problems (although the lines between the various disciplines are necessarily vague). HPTC often refers to the application of HPC to engineering problems and includes computational fluid dynamics, simulation, modeling, and seismic tomography (particularly in the petrochemical industry).

See also 
 Supercomputer

External links 
Top 500 supercomputers

Parallel computing