omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Common control physical channel. CCPCH stands for Common Control Physical CHannel in UMTS and some other CDMA communications systems. It is a broadcast radio channel by which a mobile phone or user equipment can decode and determine important system parameters before establishing a dedicated communications link.

In a FDD UMTS system, there are two CCPCH- Primary and Secondary. Exactly one Primary-CCPCH, which has a data rate of 27 kbit/s and is always broadcast using Channelisation Code Cch,256,1. This channel can be detected by mobiles due to its fixed channelisation code, slot format and TTI, as well as being time aligned to the Synchronisation Channel which replaces the first 2 bits of P-CCPCH in every slot. The Broadcast Control Channel (BCH) transport channel is mapped onto the P-CCPCH, allowing mobiles to decode important system parameters prior to establishing a dedicated connection. One or more Secondary-CCPCHs are also provided to broadcast paging blocks and FACH messages.

The P-CCPCH in a TDD-mode UMTS system also carries pilot bits in (in contrast to FDD-mode, which provides a distinct pilot channel named CPICH). The pilot bits on the CCPCH can be used for measurements of the signal quality (e.g. RSCP, Ec/Io, etc.) and for synchronisation and timing reference when decoding other channels from the same transmitter.

References and further reading

 A definition for CCPCH in UMTS can be found in 3GPP 25.211 Physical channels and mapping of transport channels onto physical channels (FDD) and 25.221 Physical channels and mapping of transport channels onto physical channels (TDD) (These are not easy to read documents as they are intended for an audience with substantial and detailed knowledge of the subject. Like many other standards and specifications, these texts merely define what has been agreed to be a common standard without actually explaining the used terms and categories—they expects the reader to be familiar with the terminology and the technology in general and in specifics too. Apart from the above, these documents are perhaps the most definite source of information on channels, CCPCH included, in UMTS.)
 A definition for Ec/Io applicable to CCPCH can be found in 3GPP 25.133 Requirements for support of radio resource management (FDD) and 25.123 Requirements for support of radio resource management (TDD)
 Some information on CCPCH is given in 3GPP 25.104 Base Station (BS) radio transmission and reception (FDD) and 25.105 Base Station (BS) radio transmission and reception (TDD)

See also
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System

References

UMTS
Applied Instruments. Applied Instruments, Inc. is a manufacturer of RF test and measurement equipment for the telecommunications industry. The company is headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana. It was founded in 1986.

Applied Instruments, Inc. began operations in 1986 to meet the requirements of cable television operators who needed specific equipment to ensure the integrity of their new or existing systems.

Products include:
 Satellite Signal Level Meters
 Broadband Noise Generators
 Multi-Carrier RF Signal Generators
 RF Signal Monitors and Switch Controllers
 Return Band Alignment System
 Noise Power Ratio Test Sets
 Calibrators

References

External links
 Applied Instruments official website

Industry Associations
 SCTE - Society of Cable Telecommunications Engineers
 SBCA - Satellite Broadcasting and Communications Association
 NTCA - National Telecommunications Cooperative Association

Electronics companies of the United States
Manufacturing companies based in Indianapolis
Manufacturing companies established in 1986
Electronic test equipment manufacturers
Telecommunications companies of the United States
American companies established in 1986
Tungsten nitride. Tungsten nitride (W2N, WN, WN2) is an inorganic compound, a nitride of tungsten. It is a hard, solid, brown-colored ceramic material that is electrically conductive and decomposes in water.

It is used in microelectronics as a contact material, for conductive layers, and barrier layers between silicon and other metals, e.g. tungsten or copper. It is less commonly used than titanium nitride or tungsten films.

Tungsten nitride forms together with tungsten dioxide, tungsten trioxide, and tungsten pentoxide when an incandescent light bulb breaks while the filament is heated. 

Tungsten silicide is another material with similar use.

References 

Tungsten compounds
Nitrides
Ceramic materials
Push–pull connector. The push–pull connector is a type of cable interconnect that provides a strong locking mechanism that is only released by squeezing the connector body, thus preventing accidental disconnects. The connector is cylindrical, enabling a wide range of body styles and configurations such as low or high voltage multipin, coaxial, triaxial, fluid and gas.
It was invented by Swiss manufacturer LEMO. Other manufacturing companies include Fischer Connectors and Switchcraft.

Electrical signal connectors
RF connectors
Electrical connectors
Beitbridge Bulawayo Railway. The Beitbridge Bulawayo Railway (BBR) is a privately owned railway company that provides a rail link in Zimbabwe between Beitbridge at the South African border and Zimbabwe's second city Bulawayo.

The  BBR is a build-operate-transfer project that has shortened the distance between Bulawayo in Zimbabwe and South Africa to . Prior to its inauguration, rail service between South Africa and Bulawayo used a route through Botswana that is about  longer. The shorter line has been used primarily for freight transportation. The principal contractor was Concor.

New Limpopo Projects Investments Limited (NLPI), a Mauritius registered company, specialises in private sector investments using the build-operate-transfer (BOT) concept.

The BBR is one of the three connected NLPI railway operations in Zimbabwe and Zambia that form a rail link between South Africa and the Democratic Republic of Congo.

The BBR  was inaugurated on 15 July 1999. After 30 years of service the BBR will be handed over to the National Railways of Zimbabwe at no cost.  It has had a profound negative impact on the profitability of Botswana Railways that saw its Zimbabwe-related freight volume drop by 90,000 to 10,000 tons.

See also
 South African Class 34-200
 South African Class 34-600
 South African Class 34-800
 South African Class 35-000
 South African Class 35-400

References

Railway companies of Zimbabwe
3 ft 6 in gauge railways in Zimbabwe
Beitbridge
Bulawayo
Build–operate–transfer
Zimbabwean companies established in 1999
Massimo Marchiori. Massimo Marchiori (Padua, 1970) is an Italian mathematician and computer scientist.

Biography
In July, 2004, he was awarded the TR35 prize by Technology Review (the best 35 researchers in the world under the age of 35).

He is Professor in Computer Science at the University of Padua, and Research Scientist at MIT’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) in the World Wide Web Consortium.

He was the creator of HyperSearch, a search engine where the results were based not only on single page ranks, but on the relationship between single pages and the rest of the Web. Afterwards, Google co-founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin cited HyperSearch when they introduced PageRank.

He has been chief editor of the world standard for privacy on the Web (P3P), and co-author of the companion APPEL specification.

Initiator of the Query Languages effort at W3C (see for instance QL'98), he started the XML-Query  project, deemed to develop the corresponding world standard for querying XML (XQuery), finally providing the due integration between the Web and the database world.

He co-developed the first version of the Web Ontology Language (OWL) standard.

In April 2010 he became the Chief Technology Officer of Atomium Culture.

He was the creator of the social search engine Volunia, launched in February 2012. On 8 June 2012 Marchiori announced, with an open letter, that he had been excluded from the CTO position in the company "because someone else wants to do it instead of me. This person wants to decide everything, without me. And so, he put himself into my shoes, commanding me to step aside".

He created Negapedia, the negative version of Wikipedia.

References

External links

Technology Review award
The HyperSearch paper
 

Living people
1970 births
Chief technology officers
Italian computer scientists
University of Padua alumni
Academic staff of the University of Padua
Boeing Persistent Munition Technology Demonstrator. The Persistent Munition Technology Demonstrator or PMTD is an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) developed and produced by the Advanced Weapons and Missile Systems division of Boeing as a test bed in order to further develop and flight test various UAV technologies. It has also been referred to as the Dominator. The PMTD weighs , has a  wingspan and is powered by a single piston engine driving a pusher propeller. It was first flown in April, 2006, at Vandalia Municipal Airport, Vandalia, Illinois.

Designed for either air or ground launch and high loiter times, the PMTD has the ability to operate completely autonomously. During its maiden flight, the UAV autonomously flew to 14 programmed locations, changed altitude four times, and met all programmed speeds. The initial set of flight tests focused solely on validation of the autonomous flight mode, while future tests will include sensor integration, weapon guidance systems, munitions dispensing systems and in-flight refueling.

EDO Corporation funded the development of the aircraft's composite airframe, while Boeing funded all the flight tests.

Just-in-Time Strike Augmentation (JITSA) is a United States Air Force program proposal for network-centric operations to command the battlefield from the air using the C-17 Globemaster III to launch large numbers of PMTD into the battlespace.

See also
 Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle
 Joint Direct Attack Munition

References

External links
 

Persistent Munition Technology Demonstrator
2000s United States experimental aircraft
Unmanned military aircraft of the United States
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Canard aircraft
Edo aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft with fixed tricycle landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
Polly (robot). Polly was a robot created at the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory by Ian Horswill for his PhD and published in 1993 as a technical report.

Polly was the first mobile robot to move at animal-like speeds (1m per second) using computer vision for its navigation. It was an example of behavior-based robotics. Horswill's PhD supervisors were Rodney Brooks and Lynn Andrea Stein. For a few years Polly gave tours of the AI laboratory's seventh floor, using canned speech to point out landmarks such as Anita Flynn's office. When someone approached Polly, it would introduce itself and offer a tour, asking them to answer by waving their foot.

The "Polly algorithm" is a way to navigate in a cluttered space using very low resolution vision to find uncluttered areas to move forward into, assuming that the pixels at the bottom of the frame (the closest to the robot) show an example of an uncluttered area. Since this could be done 60 times a second, the algorithm only needed to discriminate three categories: telling the robot at each instant to go straight, towards the right or towards the left.

Polly was built from minimalist machinery and runs on a hardware platform that could be duplicated for less than $10,000. The machine was intended to show that very simple visual machinery can be used to solve real tasks in unmodified environments.

References

Rolling robots
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
1993 robots
Robots of the United States
AIMACO. AIMACO is an acronym for AIr MAterial COmpiler. It began around 1959 as the definition of a high level programming language influenced by the FLOW-MATIC language, developed by UNIVAC, and the COMTRAN (COMmercial TRANslator) programming language, developed by IBM. AIMACO, along with FLOW-MATIC and COMTRAN, were precursors to the COBOL programming language and influenced its development.

A committee chaired by a representative of AMC (the Air Material Command, predecessor to the Air Force Materiel Command) and composed of industry representatives from IBM and United States Steel, as well as members of AMC Programming Services, developed the draft AIMACO language definition. Even though the word "compiler" was part of its name, no compiler was ever written for it; although at least two were specified or designed. 

The original intention of AMC was that all programming for AMC systems worldwide would be written in AIMACO and compiled on a UNIVAC in AMC headquarters at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio. This would be for software whether it was intended to operate on UNIVAC or IBM computers. An alternative compiler was designed by AMC Programming Services persons to compile systems on IBM computers for operation on IBM computers.

References

Computer languages
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base
Kyma (sound design language). Kyma is a visual programming language for sound design used by musicians, researchers, and sound designers. In Kyma, a user programs a multiprocessor digital signal processor (DSP) by graphically connecting modules on the display of a Macintosh or Windows computer.

Background
Kyma has characteristics of both object-oriented and functional programming languages. The basic unit in Kyma is the Sound object, not the note of traditional music notation. A Sound is defined as:

 A Sound atom
 A unary transform T(s) where s is a Sound
 An n-ary transform T(s1, s2,.., sn), where s1,s2,..sn are Sounds

A Sound atom is a source of audio (like a microphone input or a noise generator), a unary transform modifies its argument (for example, a low-pass filter might take a running average of its input), and an n-ary transform combines two or more Sounds (a Mixer, for example, is defined as the sum of its inputs).

History
The first version of Kyma, which computed digital audio samples on a Macintosh 512K was written in the Smalltalk programming language in 1986 by Carla Scaletti in Champaign, Illinois. In May 1987, Scaletti had partitioned Kyma into graphics and sound generation engines and ported the sound generation code to a digital signal processor called the Platypus designed by Lippold Haken and Kurt J. Hebel of the CERL Sound Group.

In 1987, Scaletti presented a paper on Kyma and demonstrated live digital sound generation on the Platypus at the International Computer Music Conference where it was identified by electronic synthesis pioneer Bob Moog as a technology to watch in his conference report for Keyboard Magazine:

One new language that acknowledges no distinction between sound synthesis and composition is Kyma, a music composition language for the Macintosh that views all elements in a piece of music, from the structure of a single sound to the structure of the entire composition, as objects to be composed.

When the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign eliminated the funding for the PLATO laboratory in 1989, Scaletti and Hebel formed Symbolic Sound Corporation to continue developing Kyma and digital audio signal processing hardware.

Selected filmography
 Wall-E
 War of the Worlds (2005)
 Finding Nemo
 Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones
 Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith
 Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World

Selected discography
 Zooma (1999) by John Paul Jones
 Movement in Still Life (1999) by BT
 The Thunderthief (2001) by John Paul Jones
 Emotional Technology (2003) by BT
 On An Island (2006) by David Gilmour
 Today (2006) by Junkie XL
 Unidentified Sound Object (2006) by U.S.O. Project
 Recombinant Art 01
 Black Swan (2009) by Cristian Vogel
 ISAM (2011) by Amon Tobin
The Creation of the Universe by Metal Machine Trio (played by Sarth Calhoun)
GRUIS (2016) by Roland Emile Kuit
Bella's Lullaby Critical Mass Remix (2008) composed by Carter Burwell, prod. by Jason Bentley & Tobias Enhus

References

External links
 , Symbolic Sound Corporation

Audio programming languages
Acoustics software
Software synthesizers
Visual programming languages
Charles Oatley. Sir Charles William Oatley (14 February 1904 – 11 March 1996) was Professor of Electrical Engineering, University of Cambridge, 1960–1971, and developer of one of the first commercial scanning electron microscopes. He was also a founder member of the Royal Academy of Engineering.

Biography
He was born in Frome on Valentine's Day, 14 February 1904.  A plaque has been placed on the house at the junction of Badcox Parade and Catherine Hill.

He was educated at Bedford Modern School and St. John's College, Cambridge. He lectured at King's College London for 12 years, until the war. He was a director of the English Electric Valve Company from 1966 to 1985. In 1969, he was elected to the Royal Society.

Oatley also received an Honorary Doctorate from Heriot-Watt University in 1974. In that same year, he was knighted.

He received an Honorary Degree (Doctor of Science) from the University of Bath in 1977.
He retired from the English Electric Valve Company in 1985.

He was awarded the Howard N. Potts Medal in 1989. He died on 11 March 1996.

Graduate students
Oatley and the graduate students he supervised made substantial contributions, particularly to the development of the scanning electron microscope (SEM).

His students included:

Thomas Everhart, former President of Caltech
Alec Broers, former Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge and former president of the Royal Academy of Engineering.
Haroon Ahmed, former Master of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge and Professor of Microelectronics

References

External links 
Charles Oatley: Pioneer of Scanning Electron Microscopy
The Papers of Sir Charles Oatley held at Churchill Archives Centre accessed 2 July 2008

1904 births
1996 deaths
People educated at Bedford Modern School
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
Academics of King's College London
British physicists
British electronics engineers
Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge
Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Fellows of the Royal Society
Knights Bachelor
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Royal Medal winners
People from Frome
Howard N. Potts Medal recipients
Engineering professors at the University of Cambridge
Motorola Type I. Motorola Type I Is the original type of Motorola's Trunked radio system;  it is  based on Fleets and Subfleets. Each system had a certain number of Fleets assigned, and then each Fleet had a certain number of Subfleets and radio IDs. The distribution of Fleets and Subfleets on a Type I system is determined by the system Fleetmap. Motorola Type I systems are not scalable because they limit the amount of IDs any fleet or subfleet can support. Each Type I ID appears as a three or four digit number, followed by a hyphen, followed by a one or two digit number (example 200-14).

The term "Privacy Plus" refers to a Type I system. Privacy Plus systems are normally older public safety systems and SMRs.

Trunked radio systems
Motorola Type IIi Hybrid. A Motorola Type IIi Hybrid system is a type of Trunked radio system that mixes "blocks" of Type I Fleets/Subfleets with Type II talkgroups. In some cases, all radios support Type II, but in some cases, Type I radios might be used exclusively in subfleets while the Type IIs are used exclusively in talkgroups.

The most common reason that an agency sets up a Type IIi Hybrid system is because they have newer Type II radios that they want to interoperate with older Type I radios, without having to create new Type II talkgroups.

Trunked radio systems
MetaEdit+. MetaEdit+ is an environment for creating and using Domain-Specific Modeling languages.

Research History 
The research behind the genesis of MetaEdit+ was carried out at the University of Jyväskylä, as part of the MetaPHOR project. A metamodeling and modeling tool, MetaEdit, had been created by the earlier SYTI project in the late 1980s and early 1990s, in co-operation with a company, MetaCase.

Both MetaEdit and MetaEdit+ were described in a large number of publications from the MetaPHOR research group (including,).

Tool History 
MetaEdit allowed graphical metamodeling using Object-Property-Role-Relationship (OPRR) data model, definition of the DSM language notation with a graphical symbol editor, and the definition of code generators using a Domain-Specific Language. These three elements together formed a metamodel file, which configured MetaEdit to support that modeling language. 

 MetaEdit 1.0 was released as shareware in 1993.
 MetaEdit 1.1 was released as commercial software in 1993.
 MetaEdit 1.2 was released in 1995.

The original MetaEdit was limited to supporting one modeling language at a time, one user at a time, and one representational paradigm - graphical diagrams. MetaEdit+ was designed to extend this to multiple integrated modeling languages, multiple simultaneous users, and multiple representational paradigms - diagrams, matrices and tables.

 MetaEdit+ 2.0, the first version of MetaEdit+, was released by MetaCase in 1995 for Windows.
 MetaEdit+ 2.5 was released in 1996, adding full multi-user facilities and support for Solaris and HP-UX.
 MetaEdit+ 3.0 was released in 1999, with support for Linux and significant new functionality added in three Service Releases over the next few years.
 MetaEdit+ 4.0 was released in 2004, with new Diagram and Symbol Editors, support for ports, and interoperability via SOAP and XML. Two Service Releases adding new functionality and support for Mac OS X.
 MetaEdit+ 4.5 was released in 2006, adding graphical metamodeling and improving the metamodel, symbol and generator definition facilities and Diagram Editor. 
 MetaEdit+ 4.5 SR1a was released in 2009, adding support for newer platforms.
 MetaEdit+ 5.0 was released in December 2012, with Eclipse and Visual Studio integration, dynamic symbols, enhanced graphics, and graphical viewing of changes.
 MetaEdit+ 5.1 was released in November 2014, adding a hierarchical property sheet, movable dynamic ports, and new property types.
 MetaEdit+ 5.5 was released in February 2017, adding versioning and integration with Version Control Systems like Git and SVN. SR1 added project-level access rights. Cloud RSL added remote shared licenses.

Work flow 
There are two main versions of MetaEdit+:
 MetaEdit+ Workbench, including tools for designing and using modeling languages.
 MetaEdit+ Modeler, including tools for using modeling languages.
Normally, MetaEdit+ Workbench is used by a few key developers to design a domain-specific modeling language for their project. Then, this modeling language is used to develop final products using MetaEdit+ Modeler.

References

External links 
 MetaCase, makers of MetaEdit+

Programming tools