omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Theodore Ts'o. Theodore Yue Tak Ts'o (; born 1968) is an American software engineer mainly known for his contributions to the Linux kernel, in particular his contributions to file systems.  He is the secondary developer and maintainer of e2fsprogs, the userspace utilities for the ext2, ext3, and ext4 filesystems, and is a maintainer for the ext4 file system.

Biography 
Ts'o graduated from MIT with a degree in computer science in 1990, after which he worked in MIT's Information Systems (IS) department until 1999. During this time he was project leader of the Kerberos  team.

In 1994, Ts'o created the /dev/random Linux device node and the corresponding kernel driver, which was Linux's (and Unix's) first kernel interface that provided high-quality cryptographic random numbers to user programs.  /dev/random works without access to a hardware random number generator, allowing user programs to depend upon its existence.  Separate daemons such as rngd take random numbers from such hardware and make them accessible via /dev/random. Since its creation, interface /dev/random is used in Linux, FreeBSD, macOS, and Solaris systems.

After MIT IS, Ts'o went to work for VA Linux Systems for two years. In late 2001 he joined IBM, where he worked on improvements in the Linux kernel's performance and scalability. After working on a real-time kernel at IBM, Ts'o joined the Linux Foundation in late 2007 for a two-year fellowship. He initially served as Chief Platform Strategist, before becoming Chief Technology Officer in 2008. Ts'o also served as Treasurer for USENIX until 2008, and has chaired the annual Linux Kernel Developers Summit.

In 2010 Ts'o moved to Google, saying he would be working on "kernel, file system, and storage stuff".

Ts'o is a Debian Developer, maintaining several packages, mostly filesystem-related ones, including e2fsprogs since March 2003.  He was a member of the Security Area Directorate for the Internet Engineering Task Force, and was one of the chairs for the IPsec working group.  He was one of the founding board members for the Free Standards Group.

In July 2023, Ts'o joined RESF's Board of Directors, which encompasses the Rocky Linux project.

Awards 
Ts'o was awarded the Free Software Foundation's 2006 Award for the Advancement of Free Software.

References

Further reading 
 
 
 
 

1968 births
American chief technology officers
American people of Chinese descent
American computer programmers
Free software programmers
Geeknet
Google employees
Linux kernel programmers
Linux people
Living people
MIT School of Engineering alumni
Open source people
People in information technology
VEF I-16. The VEF I-16 was a prototype Latvian fighter aircraft designed by Kārlis Irbītis and produced by VEF in 1939. Development was halted by the Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940 and the subsequent purge of VEF personnel.

Description 
The I-16 was of conventional monoplane layout with a Walter Sagitta supercharged air-cooled V12 engine of Czechoslovak origin, a two-bladed propeller and a low-set wing with rounded wingtips. The prototype had fixed undercarriage with aerodynamic fairings, but production models were to have retractable landing gear. The cockpit seat and controls were designed as one unit - they could be assembled totally separately from the rest of the aircraft and then installed as a unit with only six bolts.

While the prototype was unarmed, there were provisions for two machine guns in the fuselage, along with the ability to carry one additional gun under each wing.

Operational history
In the spring of 1940 Latvian Air Force pilots made the first test flights of the VEF I-16 prototype. After the occupation of Latvia in June 1940, the Soviet authorities ordered that all VEF aircraft be removed from Spilve Airport and, a few weeks later, all parts fabrication and assembly work was ordered suspended pending further instructions from Moscow. In March 1941, the I-16's designer Kārlis Irbītis received orders to prepare one example each of the VEF I-12, VEF I-15a and I-15b, I-16, VEF I-17 (two variants) and VEF I-18 to be shipped to Moscow for evaluation. The I-16 still had engine problems and needed further testing, so was left behind and stayed in Riga. Following the German invasion of the Soviet Union, the I-16 managed to make several test flights from an aerodrome in Kalnciems but soon the single example was captured by German forces and tested by the Luftwaffe. The VEF I-16 was used as training aircraft at an aviation school in Torun until 1942.

Specifications (I-16)

References

External links

VEF IRBITIS I-16  at LatvianAviation.com 
I-16 at airwar.ru
VEF I-16; The Latvian Lightweight, by Ed Nash's Military Matters, on youtube.com

1930s Latvian fighter aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1940
VEF aircraft
Aircraft with retractable conventional landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
Testbed. A testbed (also spelled test bed) is a platform for conducting rigorous, transparent, and replicable testing of scientific theories, computing tools, and new technologies.

The term is used across many disciplines to describe experimental research and new product development platforms and environments.  They may vary from hands-on prototype development in manufacturing industries such as automobiles (known as "mules"), aircraft engines or systems and to intellectual property refinement in such fields as computer software development shielded from the hazards of testing live.

Software development

In software development, testbedding is a method of testing a particular module (function, class, or library) in an isolated fashion. It may be used as a proof of concept or when a new module is tested apart from the program or system it will later be added to. A skeleton framework is implemented around the module so that the module behaves as if already part of the larger program.

A typical testbed could include software, hardware, and networking components. In software development, the specified hardware and software environment can be set up as a testbed for the application under test. In this context, a testbed is also known as the test environment made of: 
 Testing hardware equipment (test bench, optical table, custom testing rig, dummy equipment as simulates an actual product or its counterpart, external environment means, like showers, heaters, fans, vacuum chamber, anechoic chamber).
 Computing equipment (processing units, data centers, in-line FPGA, environment simulation equipment).
 Testing software (DAQ / oscilloscopes, visualisation and testing software, environment software to feed dummy equipment with data).

Testbeds are also pages on the Internet where the public are given the opportunity to test CSS or HTML they have created and want to preview the results, for example:
 The Arena web browser was created by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and CERN for testing HTML3, Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), Portable Network Graphics (PNG) and the libwww.
 The Line Mode browser got a new function to interact with the libwww library as a sample and test application.
 The libwww was also created to test network communication protocols which are under development or to experiment with new protocols.

Aircraft development

In aircraft development there are also examples of testbed use like in development of new aircraft engines when these are fitted to a testbed aircraft for flight testing. Such usage of testbeds was originally pioneered by Rolls Royce in their development of jet engines.

See also
 Iron bird (aviation)

References

External links
 PlanetLab Europe, the European portion of the publicly available PlanetLab testbed
 CMU's eRulemaking Testbed
 US National Science Foundation GENI - Global Environment for Network Innovations Initiative
 Helsinki Testbed (meteorology)
 Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere (CASA) IP1 test bed

Hardware testing
Software testing
Aeronautical Development Agency. The Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA) under Department of Defence Research and Development (DR&D) of India's Ministry of Defence was established at Bangalore, in 1984 to oversee the development of the nation's Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) programme. It has developed Tejas and is developing Tejas Mk 2, TEDBF and AMCA.

Facilities 
ASMS
System Design and Evaluation Facility
Computing Center
Iron Bird
LCA Hangar
Lightning Test Facility
Virtual Reality
Wind Tunnel Testing Facility

Software development 
ADA has established advanced state of the art computing centre with several powerful equipments and software.  ADA has developed specialised software in the fields of computer-aided design (CAD), computer-aided engineering (CAE), computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), avionics, systems, independent validation and verification, flight simulation. The spin-off benefits of the research and development is realised with help of commercial partnership with leading multi-national companies such as Boeing, Airbus, IBM, Dassault Systèmes, Parametric Technology Corporation (PTC). The following are some of the software developed for the LCA-Tejas development programme.

 Autolay
 CADTRANS
 FINESSE
 FINEGRAF
 GITA
 PRANA
 GNRETING

References

External links
 

1984 establishments in Karnataka
Aviation in India
Defence agencies of India
Government agencies established in 1984
Ministry of Defence (India)
Defence industry of India
Aviation organisations based in India
Roger Adam. The Établissements aéronautiques Roger Adam (Roger Adam Aeronautical Establishments) was a company that produced light aircraft in kit in France between 1948 and 1955 intended for amateur construction. The company was found by French engineer Roger Adam who was also the designer. One of their aircraft, the Adam RA-14 Loisirs became a real success. Around forty were built in France and the designs were sold in 1957 to the Canadian Maranda Aircraft Company which distributed them in North America where around thirty RA14BM1s were built.

Aircraft Designs Produced
Adam RA-14 Loisirs
Adam RA-15 Major
Adam RA-17

References

External links
aviafrance.com

Homebuilt aircraft
Aviation in France
Aircraft manufacturers of France
ADC Aircraft. The Aircraft Disposal Company (ADC), or Airdisco, was a British firm established in March 1920 to take advantage of the large number of World War I-surplus military aircraft on the market. The company changed name in 1925 to ADC Aircraft Limited.

History
In 1920 the British government, through the Disposal and Liquidation Commission of the Ministry of Munitions, sold the entire stock of surplus aircraft, aero-engines and related equipment held in the United Kingdom to the Imperial and Foreign Corporation Limited. The sale included more than 10,000 aircraft and 35,000 aero-engines, for the sum of £1,000,000 plus a 50% share of any profits.  The Imperial and Foreign Corporation formed the Aircraft Disposal Company to sell the equipment and to take over the management of the storage organisation and the large aircraft depots throughout the country. The Handley Page Company were appointed sole managing and selling agents for ADC although problems with the financial arrangement soon put Handley Page at risk and the agreement was made in March 1921 between Handley Page Limited, Frederick Handley Page and ADC to stop ADC liquidating the Handley Page Company.

The former military aircraft were converted to various civil roles before being sold on while others were sold to military buyers. By 1925, it had sold 2,000 airframes and 3,000 engines, generating profits of over £2,500,000, of which half was returned to the British Treasury.

The company had several sites across Britain including  of Regent's Park in London known as Marylebone Green. Three of the National Aircraft Factories became part of the Aircraft Disposal Company including Aintree in Liverpool, Waddon in Croydon, and at Stockport near Manchester.

The company became known as "Airdisco" from its telegraphic address, "Airdisco, London".

In 1926 eight A.D.C.1 fighters (developed from the Martinsyde Buzzard) were delivered to Latvia.

The company had offices at Regent House, 89 Kingsway London WC2. 

The company name was changed to ADC Aircraft Limited in 1925 and was finally wound up in 1930.

Aircraft
Airdisco Phi-Phi
A.D.C.1 (Martinsyde Buzzard)

Aircraft engines
The company produced a small range of aircraft engines under the direction of Frank Halford, the 'Cirrus' line continued to be manufactured by Cirrus Aero Engines Ltd and their successors.
ADC Airdisco
ADC Cirrus
ADC Nimbus
ADC Airsix

See also

References

Citations

Bibliography

Barnes, C.H. Handley Page Aircraft since 1907. London: Putnam, 1976. .
Gunston, Bill. World Encyclopedia of Aircraft Manufacturers. Stroud, UK:Sutton Publishing, 2nd Edition, 2005. .
 Lumsden, Alec. British Piston Engines and their Aircraft. Marlborough, Wiltshire: Airlife Publishing, 2003. .

Business services companies established in 1920
Defunct aircraft engine manufacturers of the United Kingdom
1920 establishments in England
British companies disestablished in 1930
1930 disestablishments in England
British companies established in 1920
Defuzzification. Defuzzification is the process of producing a quantifiable result in crisp logic, given fuzzy sets and corresponding membership degrees. It is the process that maps a fuzzy set to a crisp set. It is typically needed in fuzzy control systems. These systems will have a number of rules that transform a number of variables into a fuzzy result, that is, the result is described in terms of membership in fuzzy sets. For example, rules designed to decide how much pressure to apply might result in "Decrease Pressure (15%), Maintain Pressure (34%), Increase Pressure (72%)". Defuzzification is interpreting the membership degrees of the fuzzy sets into a specific decision or real value.

The simplest but least useful defuzzification method is to choose the set with the highest membership, in this case, "Increase Pressure" since it has a 72% membership, and ignore the others, and convert this 72% to some number. The problem with this approach is that it loses information. The rules that called for decreasing or maintaining pressure might as well have not been there in this case.

A common and useful defuzzification technique is center of gravity. First, the results of the rules must be added together in some way. The most typical fuzzy set membership function has the graph of a triangle. Now, if this triangle were to be cut in a straight horizontal line somewhere between the top and the bottom, and the top portion were to be removed, the remaining portion forms a trapezoid. The first step of defuzzification typically "chops off" parts of the graphs to form trapezoids (or other shapes if the initial shapes were not triangles). For example, if the output has "Decrease Pressure (15%)", then this triangle will be cut 15% the way up from the bottom. In the most common technique, all of these trapezoids are then superimposed one upon another, forming a single geometric shape. Then, the centroid of this shape, called the fuzzy centroid, is calculated. The x coordinate of the centroid is the defuzzified value.

Methods
There are many different methods of defuzzification available, including the following:

 AI (adaptive integration)
 BADD (basic defuzzification distributions)
 BOA (bisector of area)
 CDD (constraint decision defuzzification)
 COA (center of area)
 COG (center of gravity)
 ECOA (extended center of area)
 EQM (extended quality method)
 FCD (fuzzy clustering defuzzification)
 FM (fuzzy mean)
 FOM (first of maximum)
 GLSD (generalized level set defuzzification)
 ICOG (indexed center of gravity)
 IV (influence value)
 LOM (last of maximum)
 MeOM (mean of maxima)
 MOM (middle of maximum)
 QM (quality method)
 RCOM (random choice of maximum)
 SLIDE (semi-linear defuzzification)
 WFM (weighted fuzzy mean)
The maxima methods are good candidates for fuzzy reasoning systems. The distribution methods and the area methods exhibit the property of continuity that makes them suitable for fuzzy controllers.

Notes

See also 
 Fuzzy logic
 Fuzzy set
 Fuzzy control

Fuzzy logic
Advanced Aircraft. Advanced Aircraft Corporation is an aircraft manufacturer based in Carlsbad, California.

History
AAC bought out Riley Aircraft in 1983.

Products
The firm has specialised in converting piston-engined Cessna aircraft to turbine-engined configuration with Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A turboprops.

References 
 

Aircraft manufacturers of the United States
Companies based in Carlsbad, California
Privately held companies based in California
1983 establishments in California
American companies established in 1983
Advanced Aviation. Advanced Aviation was a manufacturer of ultralight aircraft in kit form based in Orlando, Florida. It marketed designs by HighCraft AeroMarine under licence.

Aircraft types

Advanced Aviation Husky
(1970s) single-engine single-seat weight shift ultralight aircraft. High-wing pusher configuration
Advanced Aviation Coyote
(1970s) single-engine single-seat weight shift ultralight aircraft. High-wing pusher configuration
Advanced Aviation Buccaneer
(1980s) single-engine two-seat ultralight amphibious aircraft. High-wing pusher configuration
Advanced Aviation Carrera
(1990s) single-engine two-seat ultralight aircraft. High-wing pusher configuration
Advanced Aviation Cobra
(1980s) single-engine single-seat ultralight aircraft. High-wing pusher configuration
Advanced Aviation Explorer
(1990s) single-engine two-seat ultralight aircraft. High-wing pusher configuration
Advanced Aviation King Cobra
(1990s) single-engine two-seat ultralight aircraft. High-wing pusher configuration
Advanced Aviation Zephyr
(1990s) single-engine two-seat ultralight aircraft. High-wing pusher configuration

References 

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the United States
Companies based in Orlando, Florida
Aereon. Aereon was an aircraft manufacturer specializing in hybrid airships. It was founded in Princeton, New Jersey in 1959.

Aircraft
AEREON III
AEREON 26
AEREON Dynairship
Aereon WASP

External links
 Company website
 The Atlantic update

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the United States
Companies based in Princeton, New Jersey
Airships of the United States
Manufacturing companies established in 1959
1959 establishments in New Jersey
Mercury Corporation. Mercury Corporation was originally an aircraft manufacturer established in Hammondsport, New York, United States in 1920. It built aircraft using the name Mercury Aircraft.

Mercury started as an aircraft supply house selling surplus parts for Curtiss JN-4 aircraft flown after World War I. Once the supply of parts ran out, the company manufactured various aircraft components including radios and dirigible gondolas.

In 1927, the company renamed itself Mercury Aircraft. It was led by Joseph F. Meade, Sr. and Harvey Mummert. In 1928, Mercury came out with the two place all-metal aircraft, the T-2 Mercury Chic for $3500.

With a close relationship to Curtiss aircraft's home. Mercury built a replica of the 1908 AEA June Bug in 1976, flying it in airshows across the country.

Mercury Corporation now operates in multiple locations around the world manufacturing custom and mass-production components.

Aircraft

References

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the United States
Companies based in New York (state)
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1920
1920 establishments in New York (state)
Buildings and structures in Steuben County, New York
Hammondsport, New York
VSIP. The Visual Studio Industry Partner (VSIP) Program (formerly Visual Studio Integration Program) allows third-party developers and software vendors to develop tools, components and languages for use in the Microsoft Visual Studio .NET IDE. The program offers partnership benefits including co-marketing opportunities, and Visual Studio licensing options as well as extended access to Microsoft technical and premier support.

The VSIP SDK (software development kit) facilitates development of integrated tools and includes development software and documentation that can be used within the Visual Studio .NET IDE directly. Extensions to the IDE, also known as "Add-ins", can be as simple as adding a custom server control to the toolbox, or as complex as adding support for a new CLR-compliant language.

Visual Studio Express is limited and does not support third-party extensions.

External links
 Visual Studio Industry Partner home page
 Microsoft Developer Network (MSDN)
 Visual Studio Extensibility Center
 Microsoft Office 2021 Professional

Microsoft Visual Studio extensions
Park College of Engineering and Technology. Park College of Engineering and Technology is a college of engineering situated in Kaniyur,  from the Coimbatore International Airport, in Tamil Nadu, India. It is affiliated to Anna University, Chennai, which is the top 5th university of India and approved by All India Council for Technical Education. The college has been accorded ISO 9002 Certificate.

History 
The Park College of Engineering and Technology (PCET) was started in 1997 and is situated on the National Highway NH 47 in Kaniyur, 28 km east from the industrial city of Coimbatore in Tamil Nadu. It is located on 30 acres of land surrounded by green fields and coconut groves on its three sides, and industry on the other.

The college is affiliated to Anna University, Chennai, and is approved by AICTE, Delhi and NBA (National Board of Accreditation). PCET is a NAAC A+ accredited engineering college and also an ISO Certified Institution. The Director of Technical Education of the Government of Tamil Nadu is the supervisory authority over the college. The college is a co-educational self-financed private institution. Ms.Anusha Ravi is the CEO of the Park Group of Institutions

The college is located not far from the industrial city of Coimbatore.

Academics 
Undergraduate courses 

 B.E. Aeronautical Engineering         
 B.E. Mechanical Engineering
 B.E. Electrical and Electronics Engineering
 B.E. Computer Science and Engineering
 B.Tech. Information Technology
 B.E. Electronics and Communication Engineering
 B.Tech Artificial Intelligence & Data Science
 B.E CSE Cyber Security
 B.E Bio Medical Engineering
 B.Tech Textile Technology
 B.E Mechanical Engineering

P.G courses 

 MCA - Master of Computer Applications
 M.E - Aeronautical Engineering
 M.E - Engineering Design
 MBA - Master of Business Administration

External links 
 Park College website

Engineering colleges in Coimbatore
All India Council for Technical Education
EOT. Eot or EOT may refer to:

Science 
 Equation of time
 Extraordinary optical transmission

Technology 
 Electric overhead traveling crane
 Embedded OpenType, a font file format
 End-of-tape, a marker indicating the end of a magnetic tape
 End of Term Web Archive, project to preserve U.S. federal government websites during administration change
 End-of-Transmission character, a transmission control character
 Equivalent oxide thickness, of a semiconductor
 Eyes of Things, a computer vision project

Transport 
 End-of-train device
 Engine order telegraph, a ship or submarine's speed control
 Massachusetts Executive Office of Transportation

Other uses 
 Employee ownership trust
 Eot (island), in Micronesia
 Eotile language
 Greek National Tourism Organization ()
Wainwright (occupation). A wainwright or cartwright is a trades person skilled in the making and repairing of wagons and carts. The word wainwright is the combination of the archaic words "wain" (a large wagon for farm use) and "wright" (a worker or maker), originating from the Old English wægnwyrhta. A master wainwright employs several craftsmen, including wheelwrights, blacksmiths and painters.

A carriagemaker specializes in making carriages.

See also 
 Carriagemaker
 Carter (name)
 Coachbuilder

References

 
Obsolete occupations
History of road transport