omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Mitsubishi Fuso Aero Bus. The Mitsubishi Fuso Aero Bus (kana:三菱ふそう・エアロバス) is a series of heavy-duty intercity coaches produced by the Japanese manufacturer Mitsubishi Fuso.
The range was primarily unavailable with left-hand drive. However, Turkish bus maker Temsa used produce a left hand drive variant models, called Mitsubishi Maraton and Prenses (facelift) and later Safir (next generation Aero Queen), while Hyundai Motor Company produced another left hand drive variant called the Hyundai Aero. Its principal Japanese competitors are Isuzu Gala, Nissan Diesel Space Arrow and Hino S'elega.

Fuso tourist buses (predecessors of Aero Bus) 
MAR820 (1962)
B806､B905/906/907 (1967)
MS512/513 (1976, 1977)
K-MS613/615 (1980)

Aero Bus/Aero Queen

Aero Bus/Super Aero (MS) 
P-MS713/715/725 (1982)
U-MS716/726/729 (1984)

Aero Queen W (MU) 
Chassies based on the Aero King double-decker, 8DC9T engine equipped ("T"=turbocharged, maximum output: 380PS).
P-MU525TA (1985)
U-MU525TA (1990)

Aero Queen M/MV (MS) 
8DC11 Engine equipped.
P-MS729S (1988)
U-MS729S (1990)
P-MS725(1986)

New Aero Bus/New Aero Queen 
U-MS821/826/815 (1992)
8M20 Engine equipped, and wheelbase reduced to 6.15 meter.
Jake brake equipped (named "Powertard", except low-end model) (Turkish variant models Prenses and Safir feature an electrical resistive retarder instead)
KC-MS822/829/815 (1995)
8M21 Engine equipped.
Front bumper design changed (Aero Bus and Queen-I).
KL-MS86/85 (2000)
All model equipped wedge air-brake and driver's airbag.
HID headlight equipped.
PJ-MS86 (2005)
Engine changed to 6M70 (turbocharged), and wheelbase reduced to 6.0 meter.
Queen-III deleted from line-up.
Tail light design changed (minor).
Added extra brake light

Aero Ace/Aero Queen 
These models are equipped Urea selective catalytic reduction system. (AdBlue needed)
BKG-MS96JP (2007)
6M70 Engine equipped
LKG-MS96VP (2010)
6R10 Engine equipped (Developed by MFTBC and Daimler), Wheelbases extended 95mm
QRG-/QTG-MS96VP (2012)
6R10 Engine equipped
Brake override system and side view cameras equipped
2TG-MS06GP (2018)
6S10 Engine equipped
"ShiftPlot"
Active Attention Assist, Active Brake Assist 3, and Proximity Control Assist equipped

Model lineup 
Aero Ace 12m (Hi-decker)
Aero Queen 12m (Super hi-decker)

Logistical lineup 
Hi-decker
Aero Queen I:12m
Aero Queen II:12m
Aero Queen III:12m
Super hi-decker
Aero Bus MS EX:12m
Aero Bus MS SA:12m
Aero Bus MS SX:12m
Aero Bus MS SD:12m
Aero Bus MS EX:11m
Aero Bus MS SX:11m
Aero Bus MS SD:11m
Aero Bus MM EX:9m
Aero Bus MM SD:9m

See also 

Mitsubishi Fuso Truck & Bus Corporation
Mitsubishi Fuso Aero King - Double-decker coach
 List of buses

External links 

Mitsubishi Fuso Aero Queen/Aero Ace(Japanese)

Aero Bus
Bus chassis
Buses of Japan
Coaches (bus)
Single-deck buses
Full-size buses
Vehicles introduced in 1982
6AQ5. The 6AQ5 (Mullard–Philips tube designation EL90) is a miniature 7-pin (B7G) audio power output pentode vacuum tube with ratings virtually identical to the 6V6 at 250 V. It was commonly used as an output audio amplifier in tube TVs and radios. It was also used in transmitter circuits. There are versions of this tube with extended ratings for industrial application which are designated as 6AQ5A (with controlled heater warm-up characteristic), and 6AQ5W/6005 or 6005W (shock and vibration resistant).

A push–pull pair is capable of producing at least 10W audio output power in class AB1.

Also, in some cases it was used as vertical deflection output tube during the 1950s, being also rated for this purpose. For this application, 6AQ5-A was preferred. It was used for 70- and 90-degree picture tubes, but also in some early colour sets in the frame output. 

Other close or equivalent tube types are: 6HG5, 6HR5, 6669, 6BM5, N727, CV1862 and the Tesla 6L31. The 6CM6, like the Russian 6P1P (6П1П), while electrically equivalent (up to 250 V anode voltage), have a 9 pin (B9A) base. Another similar, but not identical, amplifier pentode with a miniature 9-Pin base (B9A), used in consumer electronics was the 6M5.

See also
List of vacuum tubes

References

External links
Several tube data sheets
 Tube Data Sheet Locator

Vacuum tubes
Guitar amplification tubes
U46. U46, U 46 or U-46 may refer to:

 Elgin Area School District U46, in Elgin, Illinois
 , various vessels
 , a sloop of the Royal Indian Navy
 Small nucleolar RNA SNORD46
 Snub icosidodecadodecahedron
 Uppland Runic Inscription 46
 U46, a line of the Dortmund Stadtbahn
Lateral motion device. A lateral motion device is a mechanism used in some railroad locomotives which permits the axles to move sideways relative to the frame. The device allows easier cornering.

Purpose

Before the introduction of the lateral motion device, the coupled driving wheels on steam locomotives (often simply called "drivers") were held in a straight line by the locomotive's frame. The flanges of the drivers were spaced a bit closer than the rail gauge, and they could still fit between the rails when tracking through a mild curve. At some degree of curvature, though, the flanges on the center driver would begin to bind in the curve. The closer the front and rear drivers were, the smaller the radius of curve that the locomotive could negotiate. One solution was to make the center driver(s) "blind," i.e. without flanges on the tires. The other solution was to allow at least one of the axles (often the front driver) to move laterally relative to the frame, and such designs incorporated various devices to permit this motion.

Variations

Typically the bearing boxes were designed to allow the axle to slide some either way, and the wheel cranks and the coupling rods were modified to accommodate this extra range of motion. Spring centering might also be provided to keep the wheels on such axles from hunting side to side.

One example was the  Italian State Railways class 640 2-6-0. The frontmost axle did not carry a conventional pony truck. Instead, this axle along with the front-driven axle together carried a bogie. This driving axle had a lateral play of about , and spherical bearings were used on the cranks and coupling rods to this axle (the engine used inside cylinders driving the middle set of drivers). The first two axles worked together to guide the locomotive, similar to a conventional leading bogie. The Dovregubben class 2-8-4 on the Norwegian State Railways also used this Zara bogie.

The Southern Pacific class 5000 4-10-2 employed a conventional leading bogie but used lateral motion devices on the leading driven axle to reduce the rigid wheelbase. Their GS-4 class 4-8-4 also did and employed springs to control the lateral motion, thereby assisting the bogie in easing the engine into curves. On the Hungarian State Railways class 424 4-8-0s, the rear axle was given  of lateral motion "to ease the running on sharp curves."

The experimental AA20 4-14-4 was the only locomotive ever to have seven coupled driving axles. It used lateral motion devices on the first and seventh axles as well as blind drivers on the third, fourth and fifth axles but these measures were not enough to allow it to negotiate curves without damaging the track, derailing, or both.

See also
 Adams axle
 Articulated locomotives
 Beugniot lever
 Cleminson's patent
 Luttermöller axle
 Minimum railway curve radius

References

Locomotive parts
Train axles
Tecplot. Tecplot is a family of visualization & analysis software tools developed by American company Tecplot, Inc., which is headquartered in Bellevue, Washington. The firm was formerly operated as Amtec Engineering. In 2016, the firm was acquired by Vela Software, an operating group of Constellation Software, Inc. (TSX:CSU).

Tecplot 360
Tecplot 360 is a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and numerical simulation software package used in post-processing simulation results. Tecplot 360 is also used in chemistry applications to visualize molecule structure by post-processing charge density data.

Common tasks associated with post-processing analysis of flow solver (e.g. Fluent, OpenFOAM) data include calculating grid quantities (e.g. aspect ratios, skewness, orthogonality and stretch factors), normalizing data; Deriving flow field functions like pressure coefficient or vorticity magnitude, verifying solution convergence, estimating the order of accuracy of solutions, interactively exploring data through cut planes (a slice through a region), iso-surfaces (3-D maps of concentrations), particle paths (dropping an object in the "fluid" and watching where it goes).

Tecplot 360 may be used to visualize output from programming languages such as Fortran. Tecplot's native data format is PLT or SZPLT. Many other formats are also supported, including:

CFD Formats: 
VTK, CGNS, FLOW-3D (Flow Science, Inc.), ANSYS CFX, ANSYS FLUENT .cas and .dat format and polyhedra, OpenFOAM, PLOT3D (Flow Science, Inc.), Tecplot and polyhedra, Ensight Gold, HDF5 (Hierarchical Data Format), CONVERGE CFD (Convergent Science), and Barracuda Virtual Reactor (CPFD Software).

Data Formats: 
HDF, Microsoft Excel (Windows only), comma- or space-delimited ASCII.

FEA Formats: 
Abaqus, ANSYS, FIDAP Neutral, LSTC/DYNA LS-DYNA, NASTRAN MSC Software, Patran MSC Software, PTC Mechanica, SDRC/IDEAS universal and 3D Systems STL.

ParaView supports Tecplot format through a VisIt importer.

Tecplot RS
Tecplot RS is a tool tailored towards visualizing the results of 
reservoir simulations, which model the flow of fluids through porous media, as in oil and gas fields, and aquifers.

Tecplot Focus
Tecplot Focus is plotting software designed for measured field data, performance plotting of test data, mathematical analysis, and general engineering plotting.

Tecplot Chorus
Tecplot Chorus is a data management, design optimization, and aero database development framework used for comparing collections of CFD simulations.

References

External links 
 Official Site
 User Community
 File format definition

Graphics software
Computational fluid dynamics
Plotting software
Software that uses VTK
TOROS artillery rocket system. TOROS artillery rocket system (; , lit. "Gunner") is a Turkish rocket artillery multiple rocket launcher system that has been developed in both 230 and 260 mm calibre. The system was developed by TÜBİTAK-SAGE, and is used by the Turkish Army. The larger calibre rockets have a maximum range of  deliver a  high-explosive fragmentation warhead containing 30,000 steel balls. It is developed by the Turkish Defense Industry.

Description
This system is in general copy of Military Technical Institute Belgrade M-87 Orkan with some minor modification in rocket design, different fuel for rocket and tubes. It is developed through reverse engineering and plans obtained for Orkan M-87 including launcher M-87 and rocket 262mm used in that process all obtained from BNT Bratstvo Novi Travnik from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Sage is also known for reverse engineering of M270 Multiple Launch Rocket System 227mm rocket under designation SAGE 227 a program started because the United States' reluctancy to share technology with Turkey. 230mm rocket is continuation of SAGE 227 rocket program and 260mm rocket is based on 262mm Orkan M-87 rockets.

The 230 mm calibre system consists of six TOROS-230 unguided medium range rockets in a disposable launcher pod. The 260 mm calibre system consists of four TOROS-260 rockets in a disposable launcher pod. The launcher vehicle is designed to accept two TOROS-230 or TOROS-260 launcher pods.

Both rockets use an HTPB/AP solid propellent, and are stabilised in flight by four wrap-around fins. Sabots are fitted to the front of the rocket which fall away shortly after launch. Both rockets use a fin detent system to reduce wind dispersion, and are reported as having a dispersion of between one and two percent of their range. A variety of warheads have been proposed for the system including the basic blast fragmentation warhead, an electronic warfare warhead and a bunker busting warhead.

The launcher pods and advanced fire control system enable fast supply, loading, unloading, positioning and orientation operations. The unloading and reloading operations for two launch pods can be completed in less than twelve minutes. The system can be moved into position, oriented to target, and fired, all without the crew leaving the armoured cab. The launcher has a crew of three, but can be operated by a single person if needed.

Dispersion is reduced by helical rails which provide high roll rate during launch.

The system consists of four vehicles:
 Launcher vehicle 6×6
 Logistics vehicle 6×6
 Maintenance vehicle 6×6
 Fire Command-Control vehicle 4×4

Specifications

See also
M-87 Orkan - Yugoslavian multiple rocket launcher system.

References

 Jane's Armour and Artillery 2005-2006

External links
 TUBITAK-SAGE

Self-propelled rocket launchers
Self-propelled artillery of Turkey
230 mm artillery
260 mm artillery
Multiple rocket launchers
Colossal Typewriter. Colossal Typewriter by John McCarthy and Roland Silver was one of the earliest computer text editors. The program ran on the PDP-1 at Bolt, Beranek and Newman (BBN) by December 1960.

About this time, both authors were associated with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, but it is unclear whether the editor ran on the TX-0 on loan to MIT from Lincoln Laboratory or on the PDP-1 donated to MIT in 1961 by Digital Equipment Corporation. A "Colossal Typewriter Program" is in the BBN Program Library, and, under the same name, in the DECUS Program Library as BBN- 6 (CT).

See also
 Expensive Typewriter
 TECO
 RUNOFF
 TJ-2

Notes

1960 software
Text editors
History of software
Motiva Oy. Motiva Oy is a Finnish state company, which promotes the efficient and sustainable use of energy and materials. Its customers include both the public and private sectors. The Motiva Group also includes Motiva Services Ltd which provides companies and corporations with energy efficiency consultancy services and manages the Nordic swan and EU Ecolabel in Finland.

Motiva's operations started in 1993 as a service center for energy conservation. In the 1998 a new task was added: the promotion of renewable energy. Motiva was reformed into a state-owned joint stock company in November 2000.

Motiva Oy and Motiva Services Ltd had a combined staff of approximately 60 in May 2017 and net sales of approximately EUR 8.16 million in 2015.

In 2023, Motiva Oy and Motiva Services Oy employed 68 people, with a turnover of 7.6 million euros. The full group, including Ympäristömerkintä Suomi Oy, had 89 employees and a turnover of 10.1 million euros.

References 

Government-owned companies of Finland
Energy consultancies
T. D. Judah. T. D. Judah was the name of a 4-2-2 steam locomotive owned by the Central Pacific Railroad. It was named in honor of the railroad's first chief engineer, Theodore Dehone Judah, who had championed and surveyed a passable route over the Sierra Nevada for the Transcontinental Railroad.

History and career 
Like its sister engine, C. P. Huntington, T. D. Judah was originally built by the Cooke Locomotive Works in 1863 for a railroad that was unable to pay for it. Later, the two were seen in the Cooke shops by Collis Huntington and purchased for use on the Central Pacific Railroad (CP), becoming the road's third and fourth locomotives respectively.
Two other, larger engines, Gov. Stanford (number 1, built by Norris Locomotive Works) and Pacific (number 2, built by Mason Machine Works) had been purchased earlier.

Originally built as a 4-2-4T Forney type, T. D. Judah was a locomotive and tender on one frame. In 1872 the engine was rebuilt as a 4-2-2 with separate tender and may have been given other mechanical upgrades like its sister engine.  The rebuild reduced the locomotive's overall weight to , with  on the drivers.

T. D. Judah was sold to the Wellington Colliery Company on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, where it found service as Wellington Colliery Railway's Queen Anne. It was subsequently scrapped in 1912.

In popular culture
In the 1991 film The Little Engine that Could, Tillie and Jebediah are based on this engine but are portrayed as 4-2-2 tank engines.

References
 
 
 

Southern Pacific Railroad locomotives
4-2-4T locomotives
Cooke locomotives
4-2-2 locomotives
Steam locomotives of the United States
Railway locomotives introduced in 1863
Scrapped locomotives
Standard gauge locomotives of the United States
First transcontinental railroad
Project Moby Dick. Project 119L was a Cold War reconnaissance operation by the U.S. Air Force in which large espionage balloons floated cameras over the Soviet Union.

Operations
 
The spy balloons would photograph sensitive Soviet sites and either hang in the air or land in the Sea of Japan until either a crew flying the C-119 Flying Boxcar or a naval vessel retrieved them.  The project caused a row between the U.S. and Soviet forces when the Soviets discovered the remnants of a U.S. spy camera in February 1956. Other reconnaissance balloon projects from the era included Project Skyhook, Project Mogul, Project Grandson, and Project Genetrix. 

The previously conducted "Project Moby Dick" used much smaller balloons launched from what was called a "Covered Wagon".  Their payloads were then tracked across the continental United States to map and study high altitude wind trajectories.

Project Flying Cloud, Weapons System 124A, was a derived concept to use balloons to deliver weapons of mass destruction.

See also
 456th Troop Carrier Wing

References

 Fairchild C-119 "Boxcar"

Cold War espionage
Soviet Union–United States relations
Balloons (aeronautics)
Aerial reconnaissance
Military equipment introduced in the 1950s
Incentive Software. Incentive Software Ltd. was a British video game developer and publisher founded by Ian Andrew in 1983. Programmers included Sean Ellis, Stephen Northcott and Ian's brother Chris Andrew.

Later games were based on the company's Freescape rendering engine. Developed in-house, Freescape is considered to be one of the first proprietary 3D engines to be used in video games, although the engine was not used commercially outside of Incentive's own titles. The project was originally thought to be so ambitious that according to Ian Andrew, the company struggled to recruit programmers for the project, with many believing that it could not be achieved.

According to Paul Gregory (graphics artist for Major Developments, Incentive's in-house design team), Freescape was developed by Chris Andrew starting in September 1986 on an Amstrad CPC, as it was the most suitable development system with 128K memory and had adequate power to run 3D environments. Due to the engine's success, it was later ported to all the dominant systems of the era: ZX Spectrum, IBM PC, Commodore 64, Amiga, and Atari ST. Freescape development ended in 1992 with the release 3D Construction Kit II.

The company was renamed Dimension International as it moved into the VR field in 1995 with its next-generation Superscape VRT engine, then later changed name again to Superscape.

List of titles

The following games were published and/or developed by Incentive Software:

References

External links
 Incentive Software  at MobyGames
 Adventureland - Incentive Software Ltd

Companies based in Reading, Berkshire
Video game companies established in 1983
Defunct companies of England
Video game development companies
Video game publishers
Defunct video game companies of the United Kingdom
Expensive Tape Recorder. Expensive Tape Recorder is a digital audio program written by David Gross while a student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Gross developed the idea with Alan Kotok, a fellow member of the Tech Model Railroad Club. The recorder and playback system ran in the late 1950s or early 1960s on MIT's TX-0 computer on loan from Lincoln Laboratory.

The name
Gross referred to this project by this name casually in the context of Expensive Typewriter and other programs that took their names in the spirit of "Colossal Typewriter". It is unclear if the typewriters were named for the 3 million USD development cost of the TX-0. Or they could have been named for the retail price of the DEC PDP-1, a descendant of the TX-0, installed next door at MIT in 1961. The PDP-1 was one of the least expensive computers money could buy, about 120,000 in 1962 USD. The program has been referred to as a hack, perhaps in the historical sense or in the MIT hack sense. Or the term may have been applied to it in the sense of Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution, a book by Steven Levy.

The project
Gross recalled and very briefly described the project in a 1984 Computer Museum meeting. A person associated with the Tixo Web site spoke with Gross and Kotok, and posted the only other description known.

Influence
According to Kotok, the project was "digital recording more than 20 years ahead of its time." In 1984, when Jack Dennis asked if they could recognize Beethoven, Computer Museum meeting minutes record the authors as saying, "It wasn't bad, considering." Digital audio pioneer Thomas Stockham worked with Dennis and like Kotok helped develop a contemporary debugger. Whether he was first influenced by Expensive Tape Recorder or more by the work of Kenneth N. Stevens is unknown.

See also
 PDP-1
 Digital recording
 Expensive Typewriter
 Expensive Desk Calculator
 Expensive Planetarium
 Harmony Compiler

Notes

References

Digital audio
History of software
Neutron depth profiling. Neutron depth profiling (NDP) is a near-surface analysis technique that is commonly used to obtain profiles of concentration as a function of depth for certain technologically important light elements in nearly any substrate. The technique was first proposed by Ziegler et al. to determine the concentration profiles of boron impurities in silicon substrates, and later improved by Biersack and coworkers to much of its existing capabilities.

Neutron depth profiling

In NDP, a thermal or cold neutron beam passes through a material and interacts with isotopes that emit monoenergetic charged particles upon neutron absorption; either a proton or an alpha, and a recoil nucleus. Since the charged particles are equally likely to be emitted in any direction, reaction kinematics are straightforward. Because low-energy neutrons are used, there is no significant momentum transfer from the neutron beam to the substrate, and the analysis is practically non-destructive. As charged particles move towards the surface, they are rapidly slowed down, primarily by interacting with the electrons of the substrate. The amount of energy loss is directly related to the thickness penetrated by the particle. The depth of the reaction site can be found by stopping power correlations.

Profiling

Conventionally, the residual energies of charged particles and recoil nuclei have been measured by a silicon charged-particle detector; most commonly either a surface barrier detector (SBD) or a passivated implanted planar silicon (PIPS) detector. In this configuration, the semiconductor detector is placed opposite to the surface of the sample being analyzed, and an energy spectrum of charged particles emitted by the neutron-induced reaction is acquired.

See also
Neutron activation

References

D. Fink, J.P. Biersack and H. Liebl, in Ion Implantation: Equipment and Techniques, (1983), H. Ryssel and H. Glawischnig, eds., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 318–326.

External links
NIST Center for Neutron Research: Cold Neutron Depth Profiling

 Neutron Physics Laboratory: Neutron Depth Profiling

 Neutron Depth Profiling "Chambers"
Neutron-related techniques