omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
CTP. CTP may refer to:

Science and technology
 Cyclohexylthiophthalimide, used in the production of rubber
 Cytidine triphosphate, a pyrimidine nucleotide
 Child-Turcotte-Pugh score of chronic liver disease.

Computing
 Community Technology Preview of software
 Computer to plate, in lithographic printing
 SNIA Conformance Testing Program (SNIA-CTP), in storage networking
 Collection Tree Protocol for wireless sensor networks
 Canadian traveller problem, a shortest path problem

Organizations
 Cambridge Technology Partners, US consulting company 1991-2001
 Concern Tractor Plants, a Russian machine building company
 MIT Center for Theoretical Physics
 Confederación de Trabajadores del Perú, a trade union center in Peru
 Republican Turkish Party (Cumhuriyetçi Türk Partisi), Northern Cyprus
 Tashkent Aircraft Production Corporation, Uzbekistan, ICAO airline designator; see Airline codes-T

People
 Cristian Tudor Popescu (born 1956), Romanian journalist and writer

Transportation
 Certified Transportation Professional, US credential overseen by National Private Truck Council
 Chisholm Trail Parkway, Dallas-Fort Worth area, US
 Compania de Transport Public Cluj-Napoca, public transit operator in Cluj-Napoca, Romania
 Compania de Transport Public (CTP) Iași, public transit operator in Iași, Romania

Other uses
Certified Treasury Professional, certification of the Association for Financial Professionals
 Convergence Technologies Professional
 Comprehensive Testing Program (CTP 1-5) by Educational Records Bureau
 Compulsory Third Party insurance, Australian vehicle insurance
 Caxton and CTP Publishers and Printers Limited of South Africa
 Chinese Text Project, a digital library project
Logic error. In computer programming, a logic error  is a bug in a program that causes it to operate incorrectly, but not to terminate abnormally (or crash). A logic error produces unintended or undesired output or other behaviour, although it may not immediately be recognized as such.

Logic errors occur in both compiled and interpreted languages. Unlike a program with a syntax error, a program with a logic error is a valid program in the language, though it does not behave as intended. Often the only clue to the existence of logic errors is the production of wrong solutions, though static analysis may sometimes spot them.

Debugging logic errors

One of the ways to find this type of error is to put out the program's variables to a file or on the screen in order to determine the error's location in code. Although this will not work in all cases, for example when calling the wrong subroutine, it is the easiest way to find the problem if the program uses the incorrect results of a bad mathematical calculation.

Examples

This example function in C to calculate the average of two numbers contains a logic error. It is missing parentheses in the calculation, so it compiles and runs but does not give the expected answer due to operator precedence (division is evaluated before addition).
float average(float a, float b)
{
    return a + b / 2;  // should be (a + b) / 2
}

See also

Syntax error
Off-by-one error

Computer errors
Programming language theory

bg:Логическа грешка
de:Logischer Fehler
Roundabout (play). A roundabout (British English), merry-go-round (American English), or carousel (Australian English), is a piece of playground equipment, a flat disk, frequently about  in diameter, with bars on it that act as both hand-holds and something to lean against while riding. The disk can be made to spin by pushing or pulling on its handles, either by running around the outside, or by pulling and re-grabbing as it spins, from a stationary stance.  If the disk is mounted at a tilt to the ground, after an initial push, the disk can be speeded up without further pushing or touching the ground.  The trick is to have the rider(s) lean into the center of the disk while ascending and leaning out from the center when descending.  It is the physics of angular momentum and also works for swings.  Often found in school playgrounds and public parks, they offer riders (typically children) a dizzying ride when either others spin the wheel, or by spinning it themselves by running around it, and then jumping on. People may take turns between riding and spinning. One type of roundabout which differs significantly in terms of how the rotary motion is provided is a Swedish device called the HAGS Pedal Roundabout, which resembles four small exercise bikes attached to a tubular steel ring, which travel on a circular steel rail on the ground. The ring is attached to a vertical pole in the center by four spokes. There is a driving wheel hidden under the casing of each of the "exercise bikes" (the casings prevent toes being run over) and the roundabout is turned by the pedaling action of the riders.

The names roundabout, merry-go-round, and carousel are also used, in varying dialects, to refer to a distinct fair or amusement park ride.

Innovation
An inventor, Ronnie Stuiver, devised a pump powered by a turning children's roundabout, which premiered at an agricultural show in KwaZulu-Natal in 1989. This device is known as the Roundabout PlayPump. There are about 600 PlayPumps in South Africa, intended to provide clean drinking water to about one million impoverished people.

Several issues have been raised about the effectiveness of using such a pump as a power source given how consistent the need for water is, thereby turning children into a source of manual labor. Additionally, it has been noted that the problem for water infrastructure is often not the ability to pump ground water that pools close to the surface, but the limited availability of groundwater itself. UNICEF has released a comprehensive report on the current status of the PlayPump project.

Benefits
Roundabout play provides several benefits to children. This equipment can help children with autism increase vestibular stimulation, can increase development of kinaesthetic awareness and can help children develop strength, coordination, and balance. These types of movements can also be therapeutic to growing children.

See also
 Empower playgrounds – energy generation
 Commercial Playground Equipment
 Merry-go-round of death – internet challenge that involves using a motorcycle to spin a roundabout

References

Playground equipment
Cable. Cable may refer to:

Mechanical
 Nautical cable, an assembly of three or more ropes woven against the weave of the ropes, rendering it virtually waterproof
 Wire rope, a type of rope that consists of several strands of metal wire laid into a helix
 Arresting cable, part of a system used to rapidly decelerate an aircraft as it lands
 Bowden cable, a mechanical cable for transmitting forces
 Rope generally, especially a thick, heavy ("cable laid") variety

Transmission
 Electrical cable, an assembly of one or more wires which may be insulated, used for transmission of electrical power or signals
 Coaxial cable, an electrical cable comprising an inner conductor surrounded by a flexible, tubular insulating layer, coated or surrounded by a tubular conducting shield
 Power cable, a cable used to transmit electrical power
 Submarine communications cable, a cable laid on the sea bed to carry telecommunication signals between land-based stations
 Fiber-optic cable, a cable containing one or more optical fibers
 Networking cable, used to connect network devices
 Telecommunications cable, used for telecommunications in general

Communication by cable
 Cable television, a system of providing television programs to consumers via electrical cables
 Cablegram, a telegram sent over a submarine telegraph cable
 Diplomatic cable, a confidential text message exchanged between a diplomatic mission and the foreign ministry of its parent country

Places
 Cable Street, London, UK
 Cable, Illinois, an unincorporated community in Mercer County, Illinois
 Cable, Ohio, an unincorporated community in Champaign County, Ohio
 Cable, Minnesota, an unincorporated community in Sherburne County, Minnesota
 Cable, Wisconsin, a town in Bayfield County, Wisconsin
 Cable (CDP), Wisconsin, an unincorporated community within Cable, Wisconsin
 Cable Building (New York City)

Music
 Cable (British band), a British alternative rock band
 Cable (American band), an American metalcore band
 The Cables, a Jamaican rocksteady/reggae group

Other uses
 Cable (surname), a surname (including a list of people with the name)
 Cable (foreign exchange), the British pound/US dollar currency pair rate
 Cable knitting, a style of knitting in which textures of crossing layers are achieved by permuting stitches
 Cable length, a unit of distance related to the nautical mile
 Cable (character), a superhero in Marvel Comics
 TheCable, a Nigerian online newspaper
 Cable (comic book), several comics series featuring the Marvel character
 USS Cable (ARS-19), a US Navy rescue and salvage ship
 USS Frank Cable (AS-40), a US Navy submarine tender
 Cable knot, in mathematics (knot theory)

See also

 Cabal (disambiguation)
 Cabell
 :Category:Wire and cable manufacturers
Ball bearing motor. A ball bearing motor or ball-race motor consists simply of a small ball- bearing assembly with provision for passing current radially between inner and outer tracks to produce circular motion.

Explanation

A ball bearing motor is an unusual electric motor that consists of two ball-bearing-type bearings, with the inner races mounted on a common conductive shaft, and the outer races connected to a high current, low voltage power supply. An alternative construction fits the outer races inside a metal tube, while the inner races are mounted on a shaft with a non-conductive section (e.g. two sleeves on an insulating rod). This method has the advantage that the tube will act as a flywheel. The motor rarely starts without assistance, having effectively zero static torque, but once rotation begins the motor will accelerate until it reaches a steady speed, the direction of rotation is determined by the initial spin. Although ball bearing motors can reach reasonably high speeds they are very inefficient. Producing significant torque typically requires so much power that the bearings are heated to several hundred degrees.

Theory
There are multiple explanations of the effect, see the large bibliography in McDonald's work.

In 1965 Electronics and Power magazine published a letter by RH Barker asking for an explanation of how this type of motor worked. At the time various explanations had been offered. S. Marinov suggests that the device produces motion from electricity without magnetism being involved, operating purely by the resistance heating causing an asymmetric thermal expansion of the balls in the bearings as they rotate. The same explanation is given by Watson, Patel and Sedcole for rotating cylinders (instead of balls). However, H. Gruenberg has given a thorough theoretical explanation based on pure electromagnetism (and neglecting the thermal effects completely). 
Also, P. Hatzikonstantinou and P. G. Moyssides claim to have found an excellent agreement between the results from the electromagnetic theory and the experiments measuring the total power and efficiency of the motor.

See also
 Homopolar generator
 Homopolar motor
 Faraday paradox

References

External links
 
 The Ball-Bearing electric motor
 motor torque calculation

Electric motors
Rolling-element bearings
UMS. UMS may refer to:

Medicine 
 Ulnar–mammary syndrome, a skin condition characterized by underdevelopment of the apocrine and mammary glands

Science, technology and business 
 Underwriting management system, for automated insurance underwriting
 Unified messaging (system, server, or service), integration of different electronic messaging technologies into a single interface accessible from a variety of different devices
 Universal Media Server, a DLNA interoperable and Universal Plug and Play application software that seamlessly makes digital media available over a network
 Universal measurement system used for gross tonnage in shipping
 USB mass storage device class, a set of protocols for making a USB device accessible to a host computing device and enable file transfers
 User-mode scheduling, see preemption (computing)

Companies and sports 
 Universal Media Studios, an American television production company
 Universal Mobile Systems, an Uzbek–Russian telecommunications company
 UMS 1905 or Union Makes Strength, an Indonesian football club

Countries 
 Unfederated Malay States, former British protected states in the Malay Peninsula
 United Mexican States, the official name of Mexico

Education 
 Uniform Mark Scheme, way of standardising the marking of papers across different examination boards
 Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta (Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta) in Indonesia
 Universiti Malaysia Sabah in Malaysia
 University of Maine System, a U.S. state university system consisting of eight universities
 University of Mississippi in the U.S.
Elektro. Elektro is a robot built by J.M. Barnett, Jack Weeks Sr., Harold Gorsuch, and other engineers at the Westinghouse Electric Corporations Mansfield, Ohio, facility between 1937 and 1938.

Physical specifications
Seven feet tall (2.1 m), weighing , humanoid in appearance, he could walk by voice command, speak about 700 words (using a 78-rpm record player), smoke cigarettes, blow up balloons, and move his head and arms. Elektro's body consisted of a steel gear, cam and motor skeleton covered by an aluminum skin. His photoelectric "eyes" could distinguish red and green light.

Exhibit history
Elektro was on exhibit at the 1939 New York World's Fair and was joined at that fair in 1940, with "Sparko", a robot dog that could bark, sit, and beg to humans.

Several minutes of color sound footage of Elektro in action can be seen at 33:55 in the movie, The Middleton Family at the New York World's Fair, a fully-produced hour-long movie made by Westinghouse, which showcased the Westinghouse pavilion.

Elektro toured North America in 1950 in promotional appearances for Westinghouse, and was displayed at Pacific Ocean Park in Ocean Park, Santa Monica, California, "which was in operation from 1958 to 1967, as part of the House of Tomorrow exhibit.

Elektro appeared as "Thinko", in Sex Kittens Go to College (1960).

Property dispute
Sparko's fate is unknown.

All original pieces of Elektro were eventually located and restored. Today, he is on display at The Mansfield Memorial Museum in Mansfield, Ohio.

In the 1960s, his head was given to Harold Gorsuch, a retiring Westinghouse engineer.

In 2013, a replica was exhibited at The Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, Michigan.

Elektro is currently the subject of a property dispute by Weeks' family, Schaut's heirs and the Mansfield Memorial Museum.

References

External links
http://themansfieldmuseum.org/elektro/

Mansfield Memorial Museum
YouTube Video footage of Elektro at the 1939 World's Fair
The Middleton Family at the New York World's Fair (1939) Shows entire Elektro demo starting at 34 minutes into movie.
Elektro visuals Tales of Future Past
Elektro on IMDb

Historical robots
Mansfield, Ohio
1939 New York World's Fair
Humanoid robots
1937 robots
Robots of the United States
Cajun Dart. Cajun Dart is the designation of an American sounding rocket.  The Cajun Dart was used 87 times between 1964 and 1970. The Cajun rocket motor was developed from Deacon.

Staged on top of a Nike rocket, it was part of the Nike-Cajun sounding rocket; it was also used as part of the Terasca three-stage rocket.

Specs 
Takeoff thrust: 36 kN
Maximum flight height: 74 km
Takeoff weight: 100 kg
Diameter: 0.17 m
Length: 4.10 m

References

https://web.archive.org/web/20100102071657/http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/cajun.htm

Sounding rockets of the United States
CTM. CTM is an initialism that may stand for:

Companies and organizations
 Compagnie de Transports au Maroc, a Moroccan public bus transport company
 Companhia de Telecomunicações de Macau, a Macau telecommunications company
 Confederation of Mexican Workers, a confederation of labor unions

Technology
 Cell Transmission Model, a traffic prediction algorithm
 Chemical transport model, a simulation of atmospheric chemistry and pollution
 Close to Metal, a low-level programming interface
 Concepts, Techniques, and Models of Computer Programming, a 2004 textbook
 Corner transfer matrix, a method in statistical mechanics
 Critical thermal maximum, the temperature above which an organism cannot survive
 Current Transformation Matrix, the transformation matrix currently applying in a graphics pipeline
 Certified Technology Manager, an accreditation by ATMAE - Association of Technology, Management and Applied Engineering.

Transport
 Chatham railway station (Kent), Kent; National Rail station code
 Cheltenham railway station, Melbourne
 Chetumal International Airport, Mexico; IATA code
 Kattankulathur railway station, Chengalpattu, India; Indian Railways station code

Other
 Canadian Tire money, a retail loyalty program
 Chaland de transport de matériel, a French landing craft class
 Chicken tikka masala, a curry dish
 Community Trade Mark, now European Union trade mark, a designation for goods or services
 Computational theory of mind, the view that the human mind is best conceived as a computational system
 Corporate travel management, a generic term for corporate travel agencies
 Cretaceous Thermal Maximum, a period of rapid warming in the Cretaceous period
 CTM Festival, an annual music and visual arts event in Berlin, Germany

See also
Universal synchronous and asynchronous receiver-transmitter. A universal synchronous and asynchronous receiver-transmitter (USART, programmable communications interface or PCI) is a type of a serial interface device that can be programmed to communicate asynchronously or synchronously. See universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter (UART) for a discussion of the asynchronous capabilities of these devices.

Purpose and history 
The USART's synchronous capabilities were primarily intended to support synchronous protocols like IBM's synchronous transmit-receive (STR), binary synchronous communications (BSC), synchronous data link control (SDLC), and the ISO-standard high-level data link control (HDLC) synchronous link-layer protocols, which were used with synchronous voice-frequency modems. These protocols were designed to make the best use of bandwidth when modems were analog devices. In those times, the fastest asynchronous voice-band modem could achieve at most speeds of 300bit/s using frequency-shift keying (FSK) modulation, while synchronous modems could run at speeds up to 9600bit/s using phase-shift keying (PSK). Synchronous transmission used only slightly over 80% of the bandwidth of the now more-familiar asynchronous transmission, since start and stop bits were unnecessary. Those modems are obsolete, having been replaced by modems which convert asynchronous data to synchronous forms, but similar synchronous telecommunications protocols survive in numerous block-oriented technologies such as the widely used IEEE 802.2 (Ethernet) link-level protocol. USARTs are still sometimes integrated with MCUs. USARTs are still used in routers that connect to external CSU/DSU devices, and they often use either Cisco's proprietary HDLC implementation or the IETF standard point-to-point protocol (PPP) in HDLC-like framing as defined in RFC1662.

Operation 
The operation of a USART is intimately related to the various protocols; refer to those pages for details. This section only provides a few general notes.

 USARTs in synchronous mode transmits data in frames. In synchronous operation, characters must be provided on time until a frame is complete; if the controlling processor does not do so, this is an "underrun error," and transmission of the frame is aborted.
 USARTs operating as synchronous devices used either character-oriented or bit-oriented mode. In character (STR and BSC) modes, the device relied on particular characters to define frame boundaries; in bit (HDLC and SDLC) modes earlier devices relied on physical-layer signals, while later devices took over the physical-layer recognition of bit patterns.
 A synchronous line is never silent; when the modem is transmitting, data is flowing. When the physical layer indicates that the modem is active, a USART will send a steady stream of padding, either characters or bits as appropriate to the device and protocol.

Devices

References 



Data transmission
Semantic Research. Semantic AI (formerly Semantic Research, Inc.) is a privately held software company headquartered in San Diego, California with offices in the National Capitol Region.  Semantic AI is a Delaware C-corporation that offers patented, graph-based knowledge discovery, analysis and visualization software technology. Its original product is a link analysis software application called Semantica Pro, and it introduced a web-based analytical environment called the Cortex Enterprise Intelligence Platform, or Cortex EIP.

History 
The SEMANTICA platform was originally conceived as a method to help biology students learn and retain knowledge about complex organic structures. Joe Faletti, Kathleen Fisher, and several colleagues in the University of California system created SemNet, a computer program used to draw a network of "concepts" connected to each other by "relations". In the late 1960s, Ross Quillian and Allan Collins used the concept of semantic networks as a way of talking about the organization of human semantic memory, or memory for inter-related word concepts. Using SemNet, students could employ simple components to build complex networks.

See also
 Concept mapping
 Information visualization
 Intelligence analysis
 Knowledge representation
 Semantic network

References

Software companies based in California
Companies based in San Diego
Companies established in 2001
Business software companies
Big data companies
Software companies of the United States