omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Molex. Molex LLC is a manufacturer of electronic, electrical, and fiber optic connectivity systems. Molex produces over 100,000 products for a variety of industries, including data communications, medical, industrial, automotive and consumer electronics. They are notable for pioneering their Molex connector, which has seen universal adoption in personal computing. The company is considered the second largest electronic connector company in the world.

History
Molex was established in 1938 by Frederick Krehbiel. The company began by making flowerpots out of an industrial byproduct plastic called Molex. Krehbiel developed this material by combining asbestos tailings, coal tar pitch, and limestone. Aside from flower pots, Molex also sold salt shakers before it expanded into electrical connectors and sensors. Later they made connectors for General Electric and other appliance manufacturers out of the same plastic. Molex acquired Woodhead Industries in 2006; the largest acquisition in the former's history at the time.

On February 14, 2005, Molex announced its results for the six months ended December 31, 2004, that reflect certain adjustments to its results of operations for the first fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2004. In March 2005, a class action lawsuit against Molex Inc. and certain of its officers and directors for artificially inflating the market price through materially false and misleading statements was announced. In 2007, a settlement of $10.5 million fund plus interest was reached.

In 2009, Hermann Simon mentioned this company as an example of a "Hidden Champion". During this period, Molex already operated 59 manufacturing plants all over the world, posting a sustained 12% annual growth rate. Following another expansion strategy, the company started producing complex, three-dimensional electronic components for medical applications in 2011.

In September 2013, Koch Industries purchased Molex for $7.2 billion. Koch indicated Molex will retain its company name and headquarters in Lisle, Illinois, and be run as a subsidiary.

In November 2016, Molex acquired the Wisconsin-based Phillips-Medisize. As a private equity investment firm, Phillips-Medisize specializes in plastic injection molding and the manufacture of medical instruments. Phillips-Medisize incorporates a wide variety of products and services, including drug delivery, mobile and portable medical devices, and primary pharmaceutical packaging and diagnostic products. Employing 5,400 people around that time in 21 locations worldwide, Phillips-Medisize operates as an indirect subsidiary of Molex.

Further acquisitions in pharmaceuticals included Vectura, a British maker of inhalation drug delivery devices, effective January 2025.

References

External links

 

Companies based in DuPage County, Illinois
American companies established in 1938
Companies formerly listed on the Nasdaq
Electronics companies of the United States
Koch Industries
Lisle, Illinois
Manufacturing companies based in Illinois
2013 mergers and acquisitions
1938 establishments in Illinois
Electronics companies established in 1938
American corporate subsidiaries
German garden. A German garden is a type of architecture of gardens, originating in Germany, influenced by the English garden concept. With staffages and embellishments (e.g. a grotto) and weeping trees, a sense of emotional aesthetics should be developed.  Typical of this kind of park design is clear structure and domestic animals, a necessary component of the garden, as seen in former times in the Luisium Palace near Dessau in Germany or still existing the historistic park of Villa Haas (Hesse) from 1892. 
Livestock in the park serve to enhance the idyll (nature experience). The park area therefore had to be redesigned to protect the plants (walls, hedges, watercourses, fences).

The term "Ornamental Farm", which is still used today in manors with small park areas, forms a flowing border to this. 
Here, too, beauty always serves the useful. 
An own German garden style, as demanded by the leading German garden theorist Hirschfeld and his pupils, is never concretized in the literature compared to the French or English style. Therefore, in addition to the usual references to ancient mythology, the German style is limited to the decoration of statues, memorial stones, etc. of national importance.

If the English landscape garden mostly is the expression of a liberal bourgeoisie, the German garden is more oriented towards the model of the nobility and later incorporates elements of German Romanticism and other styles.

Often the style concept is confused with the "new German gardening". Here, more emphasis is placed on easy-care, location-loyal shrubs and colour aesthetics.

Literature

 Theory of Garden Art C. C. L. Hirschfeld. Edited and translated by Linda B. Parshall 
 Klaus F. Müller: Park und Villa Haas - Historismus Kunst und Lebensstil (Park and Villa Haas - Historism, art und lifestyle). Verlag Edition Winterwork, 2012, . E-Book , 2013.

See also
 List of garden types

References

 

Types of garden
Landscape architecture
Types of garden by country of origin
Imi Tami Institute for Research and Development. Imi Tami is a private company and the largest industrial chemistry R&D centre in Israel. IMI TAMI is a member of the Israel Chemicals manufacturing concern. IMI TAMI has created a campus with research, analytical and testing laboratories, GMP compliant facilities, a mini-pilot and pilot plants for process development and small-scale production.

External links
 Imi Tami Institute for Research and Development Ltd

Chemical companies of Israel
Research and development organizations
Wet grinder. A wet grinder can refer either to a tool for abrasive cutting of hard materials or to a food preparation appliance used especially in Indian cuisine for grinding food grains to produce a paste or batter. A wet grinder for abrasive cutting uses fluid for lubrication or cooling; for food preparation, a wet grinder combines water to grain as it is ground to produce a batter.

The tabletop wet grinder is derived from the melanger, which was developed by the chocolate industry in the early 19th century.

Abrasive cutting wet grinders 
Some angle grinders, most tile saws, and some grinders for sharpening blades used in woodworking are wet grinders.  The fluid helps with lubrication of the cutting process and with cooling to avoid cracking or damaging the cutting tool or the workpiece.

Food preparation wet grinders 

Wet grinding is rare in western cuisine but common in Indian cuisine. Wet grinders are used to make pastes from grains and lentils and is used extensively in South Indian cuisine for preparation of popular dishes such as dosa, idly, vada, appam and paniyaram. It consists of a granite stones which rotate inside a metal drum with the help of an electric motor and the food grains get crushed between the stone and drum. Wet grinders have two advantages over electric mixers or blenders. First, the stone grinder generates less heat than a mixer; heat affects the flavor of the food. Second, the stones remain sharp for a greater time than do metal blades.

Types of wet grinders 
Originally stones manually operated, modern wet grinders are available for both home usage and larger-scale commercial production. A wet grinder consists of granite stones rotating inside a metal drum with the help of an electric motor. Food grains are crushed between stones in the drum. Modern wet grinders may use grinding stones that are circular or conical. Wet grinders have some advantages over electric mixers or blenders. A stone grinder generates less heat than a mixer, and heat can affect the flavor of the food. Unlike mixers, which cut food into smaller pieces, a wet grinder crushes the food, resulting in different consistency.

Geographical indication
In 2005, the Government of Tamil Nadu applied for Geographical Indication for Coimbatore wet grinder. Wet grinders are largely manufactured in Coimbatore because granite is easily available in this region. Beginning in March 2006, the label "Coimbatore Wet Grinder" is a registered geographical indication for Tamil Nadu.

References 

Food preparation appliances
Cooking appliances
Xen (disambiguation). Xen is a hypervisor allowing multiple computer operating systems to execute on the same computer hardware concurrently.

Xen may also refer to:
 Xen, a programming language, now part of Cω
 Xen (Half-Life), a fictional location of the computer game Half-Life
 Xen (album), by Arca, 2014

People
 Xen C. Scott (1882–1924), American sports coach
 Xen Balaskas (1910–1994), South African cricketer

See also
 Xen Cuts, a compilation album from the record label Ninja Tune
 Xenharmonic music, music using a tuning system other than standard 12-tone equal temperament
 Zen (disambiguation)
Interactive Multimedia Association. The Interactive Multimedia Association (IMA) was an industry association which developed a set of audio algorithms. The most important is the ADPCM algorithm which is in use by Apple and Microsoft.

The Interactive Multimedia Association ceased operations around 1998. An archived copy of the document IMA Recommended Practices for Enhancing Digital Audio Compatibility in Multimedia Systems (version 3.0), which describes the IMA ADPCM algorithm, is available.

External links
RFC 3551, page 13 - IMA ADPCM (DVI4)

References

Standards organizations in the United States
Antonio Ruberti. Antonio Ruberti (24 January 1927 – 4 September 2000) was an Italian politician and engineer. He was a member of the Italian Government and a European Commissioner as well as a professor of engineering at La Sapienza University.

Biography
Antonio Ruberti was born in Aversa in the province of Caserta, Campania.

He trained as an engineer and taught control engineering and systems theory as the first head of the Department of Science and Engineering of La Sapienza university in Rome, a university of which he was later Rector.

In 1987, he joined the Italian government as Minister for the Coordination of Scientific and Technological Research. He held this position for five years. In 1992 Ruberti was elected to the Chamber of Deputies among the ranks of the Italian Socialist Party, where he sat until 1993, when he was appointed by the Italian government to the European Commission chaired by Delors with the portfolio covering science, research, technological development and education. Ruberti was only a commissioner until 1995 but during this short mandate, he launched a series of new initiatives including the Socrates and Leonardo da Vinci programmes, the European Week of Scientific Culture, and the European Science and Technology Forum. After leaving the commission, Ruberti was once more elected to the Chamber of Deputies, where he chaired the Committee for European Union Policies.

He died in Rome in 2000.

References
EU obituary

20th-century Italian engineers
20th-century Italian politicians
1927 births
2000 deaths
People from Aversa
Engineers from Rome
Italian European commissioners
Control theorists
Academic staff of the Sapienza University of Rome
Italian Socialist Party politicians
Democrats of the Left politicians
Knowledge engineer. A knowledge engineer is a professional engaged in the science of building advanced logic into computer systems in order to try to simulate human decision-making and high-level cognitive tasks. A knowledge engineer supplies some or all of the "knowledge" that is eventually built into the technology.

Overview
Often, knowledge engineers are intermediaries employed to translate highly technical information which they elicit from domain experts into the actual computer program or data system .

Knowledge engineers interpret and organize information on how to make systems decisions .

The term "knowledge engineer" first appeared in the 1980s in the first wave of commercialization of AI – the purpose of the job is to work with a client who wants an expert system created for them or their business.

Validation and verification 
Knowledge engineers are involved with validation and verification.

Validation is the process of ensuring that something is correct or conforms to a certain standard. A knowledge engineer is required to carry out data collection and data entry, but they must use validation in order to ensure that the data they collect, and then enter into their systems, fall within the accepted boundaries of the application collecting the data.

It is important that a knowledge engineer incorporates validation procedures into their systems within the program code. After the knowledge-based system is constructed, it can be maintained by the domain expert .

References 

  — composed in conjunction with the AIPS-2002 Workshop on Knowledge Engineering Tools and Techniques for AI Planning
 
 

Knowledge engineering
AN/SPN-46(V)1. The AN/SPN-46(V)1 is a Precision Approach and Landing System, manufactured in the United States, by Textron Systems, which is used on aircraft carriers of the United States Navy. The radar uses two dual-band radar antennas, which also function as transmitters, to guide planes or helicopters to the ship.

History
The system was first tested in 1984, by the Patuxent River division of the Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division, in Maryland. In 1985 an AN/SPN-46(V)1 system was placed on the aircraft carrier . In 1986 and 1987 OPEVALs were held for the radar system. In 1987 the Navy approved the system for "full automatic control from aircraft acquisition at ten nautical miles to touchdown on the deck". Over a period of time between 1987 and 1991, five systems were delivered to the Navy. While the sixth was still being built, its builders, Bell Aircraft, a subsidiary of Textron Systems, were merged with Textron Defense Systems, another subsidiary of Textron Systems. Soon after that another seven radar systems were made, five of which went to replace AN/SPN-42A radar systems, and two of which went to newly commissioned aircraft carriers. The V1 system was phased out of production in 1998, but is planned to remain in service until 2025.

Specifications
The AN/SPN-46(V)1 uses six AN/AYK-14 computers for processing, is employs a MK 16 Mod 12 shipboard stabilization unit. Its dual antennas are both  long.

See also

List of radars
List of military electronics of the United States

References

External links 
FAS site

Naval radars
Military radars of the United States
Military equipment introduced in the 1980s
Military electronics of the United States
Seletar Expressway. The Seletar Expressway (Abbreviation: SLE) is a highway in Singapore that traverses the northern end of the island and joins the Central Expressway (CTE) and the Tampines Expressway (TPE) in Seletar to the Bukit Timah Expressway (BKE) in Kranji.

History
In the 1980s, the SLE was proposed to link BKE in Kranji to the CTE in Yio Chu Kang. In 1983, it was announced that SLE would only be built after work on the northern expansion of CTE from Toa Payoh to Yio Chu Kang was completed. 

The SLE was constructed as a six-lane dual carriageway, remaining as such to this day. The first phase of the construction of SLE consisted of a stretch between Yio Chu Kang and Upper Thomson Road, which included a direct connection with the CTE at Yio Chu Kang Flyover, and was opened on 24 March 1990. By July 1996, the TPE was extended to connect with the SLE at Seletar Flyover. 

In the mid-1990s, the SLE was extended from Upper Thomson Road to the BKE. It replaced various roads — Lorong Handalan, Lorong Lentor, Lorong Selangin and Lorong Hablor. The Upper Thomson Road - BKE extension was opened in two parts: from BKE to Woodlands Avenue 2 on 5 November 1995, and from Woodlands Avenue 2 to Upper Thomson Road on 22 February 1998. Construction of the second phase began in 1992. The interchange of SLE and BKE was completed in 1994. The third stage of construction, completing in July 1996 from Woodlands Avenue 2 to Lorong Gambas. The final phase involved the construction from Lorong Gambas to Upper Thomson Road, and involved clearing out Lorong Gambas, Jalan Ulu Sembawang, and some dirt tracks. The last section of this expressway which opened was the last completed expressway project in Singapore until the opening of a section of the Kallang–Paya Lebar Expressway on 28 October 2007.

List of interchanges and exits

References

External links

Expressways in Singapore
Ang Mo Kio
Mandai
Seletar
Woodlands, Singapore
Yishun
Transport in North-East Region, Singapore
Moore School of Electrical Engineering. The Moore School of Electrical Engineering at the University of Pennsylvania came into existence as a result of an endowment from Alfred Fitler Moore on June 4, 1923.  It was granted to Penn's School of Electrical Engineering, located in the Towne Building.  The first dean of the Moore School was Harold Pender.

The Moore School is particularly famed as the birthplace of the computer industry:

 It was here that the first general-purpose Turing complete digital electronic computer, the ENIAC, was built between 1943 and 1946.
 Preliminary design work on the ENIAC's successor machine the EDVAC resulted in the stored program concept used in all computers today, the logical design having been promulgated in John von Neumann's First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC, a set of notes synthesized from meetings he attended at the Moore School.
 The first computer course was given at the Moore School in Summer 1946, leading to an explosion in computer development all over the world.
 Moore School faculty John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert founded the first computer company, which produced the UNIVAC computer.

The Moore School has been integrated into Penn's School of Engineering and Applied Science.  It no longer exists as a separate entity; however, the three-story structure itself still stands and is known on campus as the Moore School Building.  Originally constructed in 1921 as a two-story building by Erskin & Morris, it was renovated in 1926 by Paul Philippe Cret and a third story was added in 1940 by Alfred Bendiner.

Notes

External links
 A complete history for all of Penn Engineering, including the Moore School.

University of Pennsylvania campus
Universities and colleges established in 1923
Electrical engineering departments
1923 establishments in Pennsylvania
List of communication satellite companies. This is a list of all companies currently operating at least one commercial communication satellite or currently has one on order.

Global Top 20

The World Teleport Association publishes lists of companies based on revenues from all customized communications sources and includes operators of teleports and satellite fleets. In order from largest to smallest, the Global Top 20 of 2021 were:

  
SES (Luxembourg) 
Intelsat S.A. (Luxembourg)
EchoStar Satellite Services (USA)
Hughes Network Systems (USA)
Eutelsat (France)
Arqiva (UK) 
Telesat (Canada)
Speedcast (USA) 
Telespazio S.p.A. (Italy) 
Encompass Digital Media (USA) 
Singtel Satellite (Singapore)
Hispasat (Spain)
Globecast (France) 
Liquid Intelligent Technologies (South Africa) 
Russian Satellite Communications Company (Russia)
Telstra (Australia) 
MEASAT Global (Malaysia)
Thaicom (Thailand)
du (UAE) 
Gazprom Space Systems (Russia)

List

Notes

References

 
Satellite broadcasting
Outer space lists
Satellite
Acenaphthoquinone. Acenaphthoquinone is a quinone derived from acenaphthene. It is a water-insoluble yellow solid. It is a precursor to some agrichemicals and dyes.

Preparation
The compound is prepared in the laboratory by oxidation of acenaphthene with potassium dichromate. Commercially, oxidation is effected with peroxide.  Over-oxidation gives naphthalenedicarboxylic anhydride.

References

External links
 National Pollutant Inventory - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Fact Sheet
 PAHs - including structural diagrams
 Entry at ChemicalLand21.com

Quinones
Polycyclic aromatic compounds
Enones
Chlorous acid. Chlorous acid is an inorganic compound with the formula HClO2. It is a weak acid. Chlorine has oxidation state +3 in this acid.  The pure substance is unstable, disproportionating to hypochlorous acid (Cl oxidation state +1) and chloric acid (Cl oxidation state +5):
 2 HClO2   →   HClO  + HClO3

Although the acid is difficult to obtain in pure substance, the conjugate base, chlorite, derived from this acid is stable. One example of a salt of this anion is the well-known sodium chlorite.  This and related salts are sometimes used in the production of chlorine dioxide.



Preparation
HClO2 can be prepared through reaction of barium or lead chlorite and dilute sulfuric acid:
Ba(ClO2)2 + H2SO4 → BaSO4 + 2 HClO2
Pb(ClO2)2 + H2SO4 → PbSO4 + 2 HClO2

Stability
Chlorous acid is a powerful oxidizing agent, although its tendency to undergo disproportionation counteracts its oxidizing potential.

Chlorine is the only halogen to form an isolable acid of formula HXO2. Fluorine is resistant to oxidation, having a -1 oxidation state even in hypofluorous acid, and is thus unable to form any higher oxoacids; despite the name, fluorite minerals are chemically fluoride compounds. Neither bromous acid nor iodous acid has ever been isolated.  A few salts of bromous acid, bromites, are known, but no iodites.

References

Chlorites
Halogen oxoacids
Oxidizing acids
James R. French. James R. French is a prominent U.S. aerospace engineer. While working for different NASA contractors during the 1960s, he helped design, develop and test the rocket engines for the Apollo/Saturn launch vehicles and the Apollo Lunar Module that enabled humans to walk on the Moon. He then joined NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) where he worked on the Mariner, Viking, and Voyager missions.

French is a long-time advocate of a mission architecture for a Mars probe, known as Mars Sample Return with In-Situ Propellant Production, that would manufacture propellant from resources at the target planet to power a return trip, to dramatically reduce the size of the outbound vessel and the cost of the mission. He also published an article in the Journal of the British Interplanetary Society in 1989, recommending in-situ propellant production for a crewed Mars mission, though he recommended that the technique would not be feasible until a Mars base was already well-established, due to the risks of relying on fueling a spacecraft with in-situ produced propellant. Robert Zubrin credits this paper as a forerunner of the Mars Direct mission architecture, in which French's concern is resolved by devoting a separate spacecraft to the return trip, so that it can be verified as fueled and ready to launch from Mars before the crew launches from Earth.

French now works as a private space systems engineering consultant, and is a Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA). He has co-authored the book Space Vehicle Design () with Michael Griffin, who was the chief of NASA until January 20, 2009.

French is currently a director and engineering chief for the Golden Spike Company, which is planning commercial missions to the moon.

References

American aerospace engineers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
XDS. XDS could refer to:

 Cross Enterprise Document Sharing, a system for sharing clinical documents between healthcare institutions
 Direct Save Protocol, a feature of the X Window System graphical user interface for Unix-like computer operating systems
 Envoy discovery services, see 
 Extended Data Services, a US standard for TV metadata transmission
 External Development Summit, an event for the video game industry
 Ottawa station, train station in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada with IATA code XDS used by Air France–KLM's connecting bus service
 Springfield Armory XD-S, a pistol sold in the United States designed for concealed carry
 X-ray diffuse scattering, a materials analysis technique
 X-Digital Systems satellite subcarrier audio format
 Xerox Data Systems, the name for Scientific Data Systems after it was purchased by Xerox Corporation