omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Movement Report System. The Movement Report System (MOVREP) is a system established to collect and make available to certain commands vital information on the status, location, and movement of flag commands, commissioned fleet units, and ships under the operational control of the United States Navy and U.S. Coast Guard. Such reports help in identifying ships that are lost or missing. The Movement Report System was started for commissioned fleet units and ships under operational control of the Navy.  First done by hand, the information is now entered electronically into an electronic data processing system. 
MOVREP Data is used:
 To provide accurate positional data on friendly forces to operational commanders.
 To monitor the safe and timely arrival of ships.
 To provide information to other systems for personnel and logistics distribution.
 To provide accurate locations in the event of emergencies, such as search and rescue (SAR) and evacuation efforts.
 To support requirements for planned force levels.
 To provide Chief of Naval Operations with historical data for analysis.

MAREP
MAREP (MAriner REPort) is a voluntary ship reporting system, for movement reporting in the Strait of Dover in English Channel.

See also
USS Indianapolis (CA-35), which was sunk. Its failure to arrive was reported incorrectly, leading to the sailors spending four days in the water before being spotted by a patrol plane.  To avoid repeating this problem, the Navy created the MOVREP system.
 navigation device
Defense   Receiver
Navigation
 navigation
Marine radar
Structure of the United States Navy

References

 

United States Navy
MIT/GNU Scheme. MIT/GNU Scheme is a programming language, a dialect and implementation of the language Scheme, which is a dialect of Lisp. It can produce native binary files for the x86 (IA-32, x86-64) processor architecture. It supports the R7RS-small standard. It is free and open-source software released under v2 or later of the GNU General Public License (GPL). It was first released by Guy Lewis Steele Jr. and Gerald Jay Sussman at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1986, as free software even before the Free Software Foundation, GNU, and the GPL existed. It is now part of the GNU Project.

It features a rich runtime software library, a powerful source code level debugger, a native code compiler and a built-in Emacs-like editor named Edwin.

The books Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs and Structure and Interpretation of Classical Mechanics include software that can be run on MIT/GNU Scheme.

Edwin
Edwin is a built-in Emacs-like editor that comes with MIT/GNU Scheme. Edwin normally displays the *scheme* data buffer, the mode line, and the mini-buffer when it starts. As in Emacs, the mode line gives information like the name of the buffer above it and whether that buffer is read-only, modified, or unmodified.

Latin phrases 
When the user exits the interpreter, an exit message is printed. Possible messages include the following.

Quote from developer on Savannah (Gnu's forum site):"Originally, there was just one Latin message: moriturus te saluto: "I who am about to die salute you."  It was added by Guillermo Rozas in reference to the phrase morituri te saltamus, "we who are about to die salute you," shouted to the Roman emperor by gladiators before they began to fight in an arena (Wikipedia).  The idea is that the Scheme process, singular, salutes the user before dying.  Much later, there was debate over the correctness of the conversion from third person to first person: bug report.  We changed the verb ending, but I'm still not sure whether that was necessary."

References

External links
 
 MIT/GNU Scheme page at MIT's AI Lab

Scheme (programming language) compilers
Scheme (programming language) interpreters
Scheme (programming language) implementations
GNU Project Lisp programming language implementations
John Webster (engineer). John James Webster (9 June 1845 – 1914) was an English civil engineer who specialised in designing bridges.

He was born in Warrington, Lancashire and educated at Owens College, Manchester. He trained with Bellhouse & Co of Manchester, where he became chief draughtsman.

In 1871 he moved to Ashbury Carriage & Iron Co, where he designed several bridges in India, which led to his appointment as Chief of the Bridge Department of Messrs Thos. Brassey & Co., for whom he was responsible for the construction of the Liverpool landing-stage. In 1876 he worked for a short time as assistant engineer to the Aberdeen Harbour Works before joining the Hull Dock Company as assistant engineer.

In 1881 he set up in business as a consultant, firstly in Liverpool and then in London. Some of his more notable structures included:
 the reconstruction of the Conway Suspension Bridge
 Portsmouth bascule bridge
 Littlehampton swing bridge
 Widnes-Runcorn Transporter Bridge
 Shepherd's Bush Stadium for the Olympic Games of 1908
 Big Wheel at Earl's Court
 piers at Dover, Bangor, Minehead, Llandudno, Penmaenmawr, Menai Bridge, and Egremont

He was a member of the Institution of Civil Engineers and was awarded their Telford Gold Medal. His last work was Warrington Bridge at Bridgefoot which was one of the earliest examples of a reinforced concrete bridge.

He died at 81 Mount Nod Road, in Streatham on 30 October 1914 and was buried at West Norwood Cemetery.

References and notes
Notes

Citations

1845 births
1914 deaths
People from Warrington
English engineers
Burials at West Norwood Cemetery
Physicomimetics. Physicomimetics is physics-based swarm (computational) intelligence. The word is derived from physike (φυσική, Greek for "the science of physics") and mimesis (μίμησις, Greek for "imitation").

Overview
In response to growing concerns that single monolithic robotic vehicles are expensive, brittle, and vulnerable, there has been a trend towards the development of distributed networks of small, inexpensive vehicles. The capability of these networks to dynamically monitor and sense environmental conditions while maintaining cost-effectiveness, robustness, and flexibility, is considered to be among their greatest assets.

Dynamic sensor networks are critically needed for various tasks such as search and rescue, surveillance, perimeter defense, locating and mapping of chemical and biological hazards, virtual space telescopes, automated assembly of micro-electromechanical systems, and medical surgery (e.g., with nanobots).

The core technology used to achieve these goals is a novel approach referred to as "artificial physics" or "physicomimetics". With physicomimetics, robotic agents perceive and react to artificial physics forces. By synthesizing the appropriate virtual forces, various important task-driven behaviors can be effectively achieved, such as lattice-shaped distributed antennas, perimeter defense, and dynamic surveillance. Furthermore, the systems self-organize, can self-repair, and are fault-tolerant. Recently the paradigm has been adapted to function optimization.

The motivation for this approach is that any system designed using the laws of physics is amenable to the full gamut of empirical, analytical, and theoretical analysis tools used by physicists. This approach was first introduced by Professors William Spear and Diana Spears  at the Naval Research Laboratory and the University of Wyoming. The first paper on this approach was published by them in 1999 at the IEEE International Conference on Information, Intelligence, and Systems. and the title was "Using Artificial Physics to Control Agents".

See also
 Swarm robotics

References

External links
 University of Wyoming Distributed Robotics Laboratory

Multi-robot systems
List of POSIX commands. This is a list of POSIX (Portable Operating System Interface) commands as specified by IEEE Std 1003.1-2024, which is part of the Single UNIX Specification (SUS). These commands can be found on Unix operating systems and most Unix-like operating systems.

This is not a comprehensive list of all utilities that existed in the various historic Unix and Unix-like systems, as it excludes utilities that were not mandated by the aforementioned standard.

List

See also
 List of GNU Core Utilities commands
 GNOME Core Applications
 List of GNU packages
 List of KDE applications
 List of Unix daemons
 List of web browsers for Unix and Unix-like operating systems
 Unix philosophy

External links

 IEEE Std 1003.1,2004 specifications
 IEEE Std 1003.1,2008 specifications
 IEEE Std 1003.1,2024 specifications
 Rosetta Stone For *Nix – configurable list of equivalent programs for *nix systems.
 The Unix Acronym List: Unix Commands – explains the names of many Unix commands.

Unix programs
System administration
Pathfinder-class survey ship. The Pathfinder-class survey ships are owned by the United States Navy and operated by Military Sealift Command for the Naval Oceanographic Office ("NAVOCEANO").  They have mostly civilian crews, including scientists from NAVOCEANO.

The Pathfinder-class survey ships have three multipurpose cranes and five winches plus a variety of oceanographic equipment including multi-beam echo-sounders, towed sonars and expendable sensors. These ships are capable of carrying  hydrographic survey launches (HSLs) for data collection in coastal regions with depths between  and in deep water to . A small diesel engine is used for propulsion at towing speeds of up to . HSLs carry SIMRAD high-frequency active hull-mounted and side scan sonars. USNS Marie Tharp, the most recent addition to the survey ship fleet, is equipped with an  moon pool for deploying and retrieving a variety of mission systems, including autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV).

The original contract for the Pathfinder-class of surveying ships was awarded in January 1991 for two ships with an option for a third, which was taken up May 29, 1992. A fourth ship was ordered in October 1994 with an option for two more. A fifth ship was ordered January 15, 1997. Construction began on the sixth ship in the class in 1999. By early 2002, six ships had been delivered and were performing active missions for MSC. The contract for a seventh ship, USNS Maury, was awarded in December 2009. In August 2014, USNS Sumner, was deactivated, and USNS Maury was delivered on February 16, 2016, restoring the survey fleet to six ships. On November 19, 2018, the Navy awarded a contract for advanced work for an eighth Pathfinder-class ship.

Ships
There are eight ships in the Pathfinder-class:

 
  (struck in 2014, scheduled for disposal)
 
 
 
 
  (formerly Maury, renamed 8 March 2023)

References

 
Auxiliary ship classes of the United States Navy
Auxiliary research ship classes
Bob Grubba. Robert "Bob" Grubba was the director of engineering for Lionel Trains in the late 1990s.

He started Broadway Limited Imports in 2001 with partners Tony Wenzel of Oriental Limited and Bob Zimet of QS Industries, maker of QSI sound systems.  Broadway Limited Imports was the first company to offer sound and remote control equipped HO trains, and won the Model Railroader Magazine 2002 and 2003 Product of the Year and HO Model of the Year awards.  Mr. Zimet and Mr. Wenzel sold their shares to Mr. Grubba in 2004 and the company was moved to Ormond Beach, Florida.

In 2004, Grubba founded Precision Craft Models, Inc. which was the first company to install sound systems and remote control in the smaller N scale model trains.

Robert Grubba holds the following US patents:

External links
Broadway Limited Imports, LLC
"New York Times Technology Article" Steam Meets Silicon In New Toy Trains
"Amid recession woes, model train company expanding" at newsjournalonline.com
"Interview with Ken Silvestri and Bob Grubba" in Model Railroad News Magazine
"Classic Toy Trains" Lionel FasTrack article

Rail transport modellers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
USNS Bruce C. Heezen. USNS Bruce C. Heezen (T-AGS 64) is a Pathfinder-class oceanographic survey ship. It is the fifth ship in the class.

Naming
She is named after Bruce C. Heezen, who was the leader of the team from Columbia University that discovered the Mid-Atlantic Ridge during the 1950s. The ship was the first Navy vessel to be named by civilians.  Nine students from Oaklawn Elementary School in Cranston, RI named the ship after winning a contest sponsored by the Navy.  Amanda Baillargeon, James Coogan, Meagan Durigan, Stephen Fish, Patricia Gumbley, John Lucier, Sara Piccirilli, Dana Scott, and Rebecca Webber were led by their teacher Marilyn Remick.

References

External links

 USNS Heezen official web site

Pathfinder-class survey ships
Ships built in Pascagoula, Mississippi
1999 ships
Spalart–Allmaras turbulence model. In physics, the Spalart–Allmaras model is a one-equation model that solves a modelled transport equation for the kinematic eddy turbulent viscosity. The Spalart–Allmaras model was designed specifically for aerospace applications involving wall-bounded flows and has been shown to give good results for boundary layers subjected to adverse pressure gradients. It is also gaining popularity in turbomachinery applications.

In its original form, the model is effectively a low-Reynolds number model, requiring the viscosity-affected region of the boundary layer to be properly resolved ( y+ ~1 meshes). 
The Spalart–Allmaras model was developed for aerodynamic flows. It is not calibrated for general industrial flows, and does produce relatively larger errors for some free shear flows, especially plane and round jet flows. In addition, it cannot be relied on to predict the decay of homogeneous, isotropic turbulence.

It solves a transport equation for a viscosity-like variable . This may be referred to as the Spalart–Allmaras variable.

Original model 
The turbulent eddy viscosity is given by

The rotation tensor is given by

where d is the distance from the closest surface and  is the norm of the difference between the velocity at the trip (usually zero) and that at the field point we are considering.

The constants are

Modifications to original model 
According to Spalart it is safer to use the following values for the last two constants:

Other models related to the S-A model:

DES (1999) 

DDES (2006)

Model for compressible flows 
There are several approaches to adapting the model for compressible flows. 

In all cases, the turbulent dynamic viscosity is computed from

where  is the local density. 

The first approach applies the original equation for .

In the second approach, the convective terms in the equation for  are modified to

where the right hand side (RHS) is the same as in the original model.

The third approach involves inserting the density inside some of the derivatives on the LHS and RHS. 

The second and third approaches are not recommended by the original authors, but they are found in several solvers.

Boundary conditions 
Walls: 

Freestream:

Ideally , but some solvers can have problems with a zero value, in which case  can be used.

This is if the trip term is used to "start up" the model.  A convenient option is to set  in the freestream.  The model then provides "Fully Turbulent" behavior, i.e., it becomes turbulent in any region that contains shear.

Outlet: convective outlet.

References 

 Spalart, Philippe R. and Allmaras, Steven R., 1992, "A One-Equation Turbulence Model for Aerodynamic Flows" AIAA Paper 92-0439

External links 

 This article was based on the Spalart-Allmaras model article in CFD-Wiki
 What Are the Spalart-Allmaras Turbulence Models? from kxcad.net
 The Spalart-Allmaras Turbulence Model at NASA's Langley Research Center Turbulence Modelling Resource site

Turbulence models
Essex Region Conservation Authority. The Essex Region Conservation Authority (ERCA) is a public-sector agency with delegated provincial authority to address risks of natural hazards, relating to flooding and erosion. 

ERCA was established in 1973 to manage the natural resources of the Essex Region in partnership with its member municipalities and the Province of Ontario. The organization's nine member municipalities include the City of Windsor, and the Township of Pelee Island.

ERCA maintains the following 19 parks and recreation areas:

 Andrew Murray O'Neill Memorial Woods (woods and trail along former Leamington-Comber rail line)
 Amherstburg-Essex Greenway
 Hillman Marsh Conservation Area
 Holiday Beach Conservation Area
 John R. Park Homestead Conservation Area
 Chrysler Canada Greenway
 Stone Road Alvar (Pelee, Ontario)
 Cedar Creek Conservation Area
 Cedar Beach Conservation Area
 Kopegaron Woods Conservation Area
 Devonwood Conservation Area
 Maidstone Conservation Area
 McAuliffe Woods Conservation Area
 Ruscom Shores Conservation Area
 Tremblay Beach Conservation Area
 Big Creek Conservation Area
 White Sands Conservation Area
 Crystal Bay Conservation Area
 River Canard Canard Valley Conservation Area
 Kingsville Train Station
 Cypher Systems Group Greenway

See also 
 Conservation authority

External links 
 Essex Region Conservation Authority

Conservation authorities in Ontario
Essex County, Ontario
Organizations based in Windsor, Ontario
SR-71 (disambiguation). The SR-71 is a reconnaissance aircraft built by Lockheed.

SR-71 may also refer to:

 SR-71 (band), an American alternative rock band
 State Route 71, in the United States; See List of highways numbered 71
 Alabama State Route 71
 Arizona State Route 71
 California State Route 71
 Colorado State Highway 71
 Connecticut Route 71
 Delaware Route 71
 Florida State Road 71
 Georgia State Route 71
 Idaho State Highway 71
 Illinois Route 71
 Indiana State Road 71
 K-71 (Kansas highway); see List of Kansas numbered highways
 Maryland Route 71 (former)
 Massachusetts Route 71
 M-71 (Michigan highway)
 Missouri Route 71 (1922) (former)
 Nebraska Highway 71
 Nevada State Route 71 (former)
 New Jersey Route 71
 New York State Route 71
 North Carolina Highway 71
 Oklahoma State Highway 71
 Pennsylvania Route 71 (former)
 South Carolina Highway 71
 South Dakota Highway 71
 Tennessee State Route 71
 Texas State Highway 71
 Utah State Route 71
 Virginia State Route 71
 West Virginia Route 71
 Wisconsin Highway 71
 Wyoming Highway 71
Village Homes. Village Homes is a planned community in Davis, Yolo County, California. It is designed to be ecologically sustainable by harnessing the energies and natural resources that exist in the landscape, especially stormwater and solar energy.

History
The principal designer of Village Homes was architect Mike Corbett who began planning in the 1960s, with construction continuing from south to north from the 1970s through the 1980s. Village Homes was completed in 1982, and has attracted international attention from its inception as an early model of an environmentally friendly housing development, including a visit from then-French President François Mitterrand.

Sustainability

The 225 homes and 20 apartment units that now are the Village Homes community use solar panels for heating, and they are oriented around common areas at the rear of the buildings, rather than around the street at the front. All streets are oriented east–west, with all lots positioned north–south. This feature has become standard practice in Davis and elsewhere since it enables homes with passive solar designs to make full use of the sun's energy throughout the year. The development also uses natural drainage, called bioswales, to collect water to irrigate the common areas and support the cultivation of edible foods, such as nut and fruit trees and vegetables for consumption by residents, without incurring the cost of using treated municipal water.

References

External links
 http://www.villagehomesdavis.org/
 Village Homes information on the Davis Wiki.
 http://www.context.org/ICLIB/IC35/Browning.htm
 https://web.archive.org/web/20070609124520/http://arch.ced.berkeley.edu/vitalsigns/workup/siegel_house/vh_bkgd.html
 https://web.archive.org/web/20131110035906/http://www.earthfuture.com/community/villagehomes.asp

Documentary videos about Village Homes
 Global Gardener: Urban Permaculture feat. Bill Mollison (1991)
 GeoffLawton.com: Food Forest Suburb (2015)

Davis, California
Sustainable communities
Stormwater management
Renewable energy
Permaculture
USNS Mary Sears. USNS Mary Sears (T-AGS 65) is a  oceanographic survey ship. It is the sixth ship of its class.  Mary Sears is named after Commander Mary Sears of the United States Naval Reserve, who was instrumental in the development of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and is regarded as one of the initial oceanographers in the United States Navy.

The ship has sonar, underwater metal detection and satellite imagery capabilities.

In mid January 2007, Mary Sears deployed to Sulawesi, Indonesia to aid in the search for the missing Adam Air Flight 574. On 24 January 2007, it was reported by the U.S. Embassy in Jakarta that Mary Sears reported detecting pinger signals, at a depth of  on the same frequency as those of the lost aircraft's cockpit voice recorder, located in the area where the aircraft is believed to have gone down. Mary Sears had also detected "heavy debris scattered over a wide area".

References

External links
 
 Biography of Mary Sears at Naval History and Heritage Command

Pathfinder-class survey ships
Ships built in Pascagoula, Mississippi
2000 ships
Ford Transcontinental. The Ford Transcontinental is a heavy goods vehicle tractor and rigid unit that was manufactured between 1975 and 1984 by Ford Europe in the Netherlands and Britain. A total of 8735 units were produced, 8231 in Amsterdam and another 504 at the Foden VAP in Sandbach, Cheshire UK.

Assembled almost entirely from bought in OEM component parts (e.g., the KB 2400 cab shell from the Berliet GR/TR, engines from Cummins, transmission from Eaton) it was introduced to fill a perceived gap in the market in anticipation of the relaxation of weight restrictions on HGVs, and as such had a very strong chassis and heavy duty suspension. The Berliet KB 2400 cab was also used by Renault for their R-series.

Recognizable by its high cab, it was an extremely advanced vehicle for its time offering a high standard of driver comfort and a high power output for its time, courtesy of the well proven 14 litre Cummins engine with typical outputs of 290-350 HP. The engines were originally of the Cummins NTC generation, but were gradually updated to the new "big-cam" (NTE) generation - a process completed by 1979. Also, the Ford Transcontinental is noted for having oil and water meters on the dashboard, another example of the unit being ahead of its time.

Sales did not live up to expectations, mainly because the tractor unit with its heavy duty construction was too heavy for the 32 ton weight limit in the  UK at the time, although it was a popular vehicle with drivers, particularly those who were engaged on long distance continental work. The model was updated continuously, with much work carried out to lighten the heavy chassis.

Today the Transcontinental is a particularly rare vehicle, much in favour with collectors of vintage commercials, although a few do remain in revenue earning service throughout Europe.

See also
 Ford Cargo

References

External links
 Dedicated website about Ford Transcontinental

Transcontinental
Ford trucks
Vehicles introduced in 1975
Cab over vehicles