omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
AN/FPS-4 radar. The AN/FPS-4 Radar was a Height-Finder Radar used by the United States Air Force Air Defense Command.

MIT's Radiation Laboratory developed and produced the first version of this radar near the end of World War II. Zenith produced the A-model sets in the post-war period. The vertically mounted antenna was three feet wide and ten feet long. Two operators were needed to run the set. The initial model operated at a frequency of 9000 to 9160 MHz and had a maximum reliable range for bombers of 60 miles at 10,000 feet.

In accordance with the Joint Electronics Type Designation System, the radar's "AN/FPS-4" designation represents the 4th design of an Army-Navy fixed radar(pulsed) electronic device for searching.

An updated version designated the AN/FPS-4 was produced by the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) beginning in 1948. Some 450 copies of this and the trailer-mounted AN/MPS-8 version were built between 1948 and 1955.

Technical Specs: (Radio Research catalog)
X BAND HEIGHT FINDER Radar type: AN/TPS-10D. Freq band: 9230 to 9404 mc. Pwr output and range: 250KW, 60/120 mi. Indicator: RHI. Magnetron type: 6002/QK221. Rep rate: .5 & 2 microsec 539 pps. Pwr input: 115 V 400 cy AC. Mfr: RCA.

RHI 12" CRT Range 0-60,000 ft. 200 miles. Input: 115 V 400 cy AC. Mfr: RCA type AN/TPS-10D Radar

See also

List of radars
List of military electronics of the United States

References

Ground radars
Radars of the United States Air Force
Military radars of the United States
AN MPS-4
Military equipment introduced from 1945 to 1949
Military electronics of the United States
William McLellan (Scottish electrical engineer). Colonel William McLellan CBE (1874–1934) was a Scottish electrical engineer.  Born in Palnackie, McLellan joined Charles Merz in 1902 to form the Merz & McLellan consulting engineering partnership. In the 1920s, then Colonel McLellan, he designed the Galloway Hydro-Electric Power Scheme.

References
Power from the Water, Galloway Hydro website
Charles Merz- Lessons from Boston
Tongland Power Station Turns 75

1874 births
1934 deaths
People from Dumfries and Galloway
Scottish electrical engineers
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
20th-century Scottish engineers
British Army officers
Gottlob Espenlaub. Gottlob Espenlaub (25 October 1900 – 9 January 1972), nicknamed Espe, was an inventor who specialized in early types of aircraft, specifically gliders and rocket propulsion systems designed for them. He invented a number of different aircraft, focusing  on tailless designs. Espenlaub co-founded the practice of aerotowing.

Aeronautic career

Espenlaub was born in Balzholz, since 1938 part of Beuren. As a young man Espenlaub served as a joiner to aircraft builders. He helped Alexander Lippisch to build a style of glider in 1921 according to Lippisch's designs. The glider was subsequently dubbed the Lippisch-Espenlaub E-2 glider, due to Espenlaub's participation in its creation. Espenlaub began building his own rocket propelled gliders in 1928, conducting his first rocket test on October 22, 1929. His rocket glider for this test was dubbed the RAK-3 and it featured missiles attached to the wings. During the flight, these missiles caught the tail on fire, forcing an early landing. Due to this, many of Espenlaub's later designs would feature tailless gliders.

After conducting further tests, he improved his design and then did another test with his glider in Düsseldorf, Germany in 1930, achieving a speed of 90 kilometers per hour. He had already been known as a "renowned German sailplane pilot" before, because of his various designs and his piloting abilities. Therefore, he was asked to test fly numerous new kinds of aircraft, such as the A2 airplane in 1929 built by Alexander Soldenhoff.

Espenlaub also served as a theorist and implementor in terms of aircraft design and the future abilities of aircraft. He and Gerhard Fieseler conducted a number of demonstrations in 1927 at Kassel on the idea of aerotowing and its feasibility in the air. It was the first time this idea was shown, and it became widely used after Espenlaub's and Fieseler's demonstrations.

Automotive designs

Both before and after the war, Espenlaub produced innovative streamliner automotive designs, but none were commercially successful.

References

1900 births
1972 deaths
German people of World War II
German aerospace engineers
People from Esslingen (district)
Engineers from Baden-Württemberg
Living Earth Simulator Project. The Living Earth simulator is a proposed massive computer simulation system intended to simulate the interactions of all aspects of life, human economic activity, climate, and other physical processes on the planet Earth as part of the FuturICT project, in response to the European FP7 "Future and Emerging Technologies Flagship" initiative.

The Future and Emerging Technologies 'flagship' competition offered a 10-years, ~€1 billion funding to the winning teams; the competition attracted over 300 international teams.

The FuturICT project was not selected and thus the Living Earth Simulator was never developed. The two winners, announced as of March 2013, were Graphene and Human Brain.

References

External links
 FuturICT website (archived)
 
 
 Can we really model society? scientists think we can

Numerical climate and weather models
Science and technology in Europe

Scientific simulation software
DTL (disambiguation). DTL is diode–transistor logic, a class of digital circuits.

DTL may also refer to:

 Downtown MRT line, a Singapore mass transit line
 Down-The-Line, a variation of the shooting sport trap shooting
 DTL (gene), a gene in the human genome
 Django Template Language, the default template system for the Django web framework
 Drawn to Life, a video game for the Nintendo DS
 Dutch Type Library, a Dutch typeface design company
 Delhi Transco Limited, an Indian electrical power distribution company

See also
 Datagram Transport Layer Security
NRW (disambiguation). NRW usually refers to North Rhine-Westphalia (), one of the sixteen states of Germany.

NRW may also refer to:

Organisations
 Natural Resources Wales, a Welsh regulatory body
 NLEX Road Warriors, a Philippine basketball team

 NRW Holdings, an Australian construction and mining contractor

Other uses
 National Reconciliation Week, celebrations of Australia's indigenous history and culture
 Nicolson–Ross–Weir method, a method for measuring material properties for microwaves
 Non-revenue water, leakage of water supply 
 Norwich railway station, England (by GB station code)
 .nrw, a Nikon RAW file format

See also
 NRW Forum
 NRW Invest 
 NRW Trophy 
 Kunstsammlung NRW
 Kunststiftung NRW
Stits SA-7 Sky-Coupe. The Stits SA-7 Skycoupe is a two-seat, side-by-side seating, high wing homebuilt aircraft designed by Ray Stits.

Design
Ray Stits designed 14 different homebuilt aircraft kits that were some of the first available to the general public built in quantity. Stits is also known to the general public as the maker of the Stits Junior, Stits SA-2A Sky Baby, and Stits Baby Bird, each of which was once the world's smallest aircraft. Engineer Harold Dale assisted in the certification process after completing his Dale Weejet 800.

The Skycoupe was provided as a kit with a pre-fabricated steel tube fuselage. The surfaces are fabric covered. The aircraft was designed to accommodate engines ranging from .

Variants
SA-7A
SA-7B
Powered by a Continental C85
SA-7C
SA-7D 
Updated with a squared off swept tail configuration.
SA-9A
 A type certificated version.

Specifications Stits SA-7B Sky-Coupe

See also

References

Single-engined tractor aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
1950s United States sport aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1957
High-wing aircraft
SA-7
Aircraft with fixed tricycle landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
Alvin Orlando Lombard. Alvin Orlando Lombard (1856-1937) was the American inventor of the track-wheeled vehicle. First patented in 1901, the Lombard Steam Log Hauler revolutionized the movement of harvested logs through the woods and set the stage for every snowmobile, tank and bulldozer ever built.

Youth
Alvin Lombard was born in Springfield, Maine in 1856.  He demonstrated mechanical aptitude as a boy building small machines including a model wood-splitter powered by a water wheel.  He demonstrated the model by cutting cucumber slices.

Career
At the age of 8, Alvin began working in the family sawmill in Lincoln, Maine.  He later obtained patents for some of his mechanical innovations at the sawmill, and opened a blacksmith shop in Waterville, Maine with his brother, Samuel Lombard.  Samuel oversaw manufacturing of sawmill and logging equipment Alvin had designed.

In their shop in Waterville, the Lombard brothers produced the huge steam-powered locomotives that slid on skis and were powered by huge tracks in the rear, enabling them to travel throughout the Maine woods free from the steel tracks that limited other railroad vehicles. In time, Lombard produced smaller, diesel powered loghaulers as well as trucks, snowplows and other commercial vehicles.

Lombard also obtained patents for a pulpwood debarker, a device for automatically cutting pulpwood into shorter lengths for grinding, a pulpwood crusher, a device for removing knots from sulfite process pulp, and a governor to control the speed of water turbines.

Legacy 
Antarctic Mount Lombard was named in recognition of the Lombard Log Hauler as the first application of knowledge of snow mechanics to trafficability.  His Waterville home is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

References

External links 
Maine Bureau of Parks and Lands Web Page Maine Bureau of Parks and Lands

1856 births
1937 deaths
People from Penobscot County, Maine
People from Waterville, Maine
20th-century American inventors
Tracked vehicles
Benton Street Bridge. Benton Street Bridge was a historically important bridge designed by Edward L. Ashton. It crossed the Iowa River in Iowa City. In 1989 it was demolished and replaced with a modern highway bridge. A historical marker nearby describes the old bridge.

Ned Ashton was a professor of civil engineering at the University of Iowa from 1943 to 1957 and has been called "the most distinguished bridge engineer in the history of Iowa." He designed several bridges over the Mississippi River, and was a pioneer in the design of welded plate girder bridges.

See also
List of bridges documented by the Historic American Engineering Record in Iowa

References

External links

Buildings and structures in Iowa City, Iowa
Historic American Engineering Record in Iowa
Road bridges in Iowa
Bridges completed in 1949
1949 establishments in Iowa
1989 disestablishments in Iowa
Demolished buildings and structures in Iowa
Iowa River
Transportation buildings and structures in Johnson County, Iowa
IAR K14. The IAR K14 was a Romanian 14-cylinder radial aircraft engine.  The IAR K14 was a licensed derivative of the French Gnome-Rhône 14K Mistral Major  produced in Romania.

Variants
IAR K14-I 40
IAR K14-I C32 693 kW (930 hp) engine. 44 for IAR P.24E
IAR K14-II C32 649 kW (870 hp) engine. 50 built  for IAR 37, 1 built for IAR 80 prototype
IAR K14-II D32
IAR K14-III C36690 kW (930 hp) engine. 20 built for IAR 80, 95 built for IAR 37
IAR K14-IV C32 716 kW (960 hp) engine. 30 built for IAR 80, 160 built for IAR 39, 2 built for IAR 47 prototypes
IAR K14-IV C32 1000A 764 kW (1025 hp) engine. 430 built for IAR 80, IAR 81

Applications
Industria Aeronautică Română IAR P.24E
Industria Aeronautică Română IAR 37
Industria Aeronautică Română IAR 39
Industria Aeronautică Română IAR 47
Industria Aeronautică Română IAR 80
Industria Aeronautică Română IAR 81
Savoia-Marchetti SM 79B Romanian type

Specifications

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

 Gunston, Bill. World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines. Cambridge, England. Patrick Stephens Limited, 1989. 

1930s aircraft piston engines
Aircraft air-cooled radial piston engines
IAR 47. The IAR 47 was a 1942 prototype aircraft built by Industria Aeronautică Română.

Development
In 1941, it became apparent that the then current Romanian reconnaissance type, the IAR 39, was no longer an effective design. Therefore, IAR designed a replacement type, the IAR-47. Effectively a hybrid of the IAR 39 and IAR 80, it used their IAR 14K IV C32 engine.
The IAR 47 prototype was flown for the first time in 1942 to meet a requirement for a tactical bombing and reconnaissance aircraft.

The aircraft was similar to the IAR 39, except for the fact that it was a low-wing monoplane and had a smaller cockpit (for 2 instead of 3).
Its fuselage, based on the IAR 39, was of mixed construction. Compared to the IAR 39, the observers fuselage side windows were deleted, and the crew reduced to two, pilot and observer/rear gunner, armed with a 7.92mm Rheinmetall MG.
Like the IAR 80, the IAR 47 was a low-winged monoplane, and used a re-enforced version of that type's undercarriage. Two 7.92mm Rheinmetall MGs were mounted, and six 110 lb (50 kg) bombs could be carried in a bomb bay between the crew's positions.
Reconnaissance was its primary mission, however, and the bomb bay was normally filled with a fuel tank, increasing its normal fuel load of 127 Imp gal (580 L) to 209 Imp gal (950 L).
The mission fit was three cameras, one vertical and two 45° oblique, in the fuselage underside.
The unarmed prototype was flight tested in autumn 1942, and exhibited good handling characteristics. However, in the light of the improved Soviet fighters now in service, its low powered engine, and light armament, it was considered obsolescent, and anyway, all of IAR's production capacity was required for Bf 109 production.
Therefore, development of the IAR 47 was stopped in January 1943, one  prototype being destroyed in a USAAF air raid in 1944.

Variants
There were (at least) two I.A.R. 47 prototypes. 
The first one (with partially glazed side and bottom fuselage) appears in the  colour photos, while the other one( YR-IGR), which resembles more the I.A.R. 80 fitted with long span wings, did not have side and bottom fuselage windows and  appears in the  1952 photos

Operators
 Kingdom of Romania
Royal Romanian Air Force

Romanian Air Force

Specifications (IAR 47)

See also

Notes

References
 The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982-1985), 1985, Orbis Publishing, Page 2192
 Axworthy, Max. "On Three Fronts: Romania's Aircraft Industry During World War Two". Air Enthusiast,   No.56, Winter 1994. Stamford, Lincs, UK:Key Publishing. ISSN 0143-5450. pp. 8–27.
 Morosanu, Teodor Liviu. "Romanian Reconnaissance". Air International, April 1994, Vol 46 No 4. Stamford, Lincs, UK:Key Publishing. ISSN 0306-5634. pp. 207–211.

1940s Romanian military reconnaissance aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
World War II Romanian reconnaissance aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1942
47
Aircraft with retractable conventional landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
Eletrobras Cepel. Eletrobras Cepel, or Center for Energy Research (Cepel), is a State Funded electrical energy research institution located in Rio de Janeiro South America. It was founded in 1974 by Eletrobras and its subsidiaries: Chesf, Eletronorte, Eletrosul and Furnas.

Cepel has 30 laboratories, 20 of them are located in the headquarters in Rio de Janeiro city. The other ten labs are located in Nova Iguaçu (another city of Rio de Janeiro state), where works on high voltage, high current, etc. are developed.

Cepel is organized in five departments:

References 

Eletrobras
Electric power in Brazil
Research institutes in Brazil
Companies based in Rio de Janeiro (city)
Energy companies established in 1974
1974 establishments in Brazil
Butyric anhydride. Butyric anhydride or butanoic anhydride is the chemical compound with the formula (CH3CH2CH2CO)2O.  The molecule can be described as a condensation of two molecules of butyric acid with elimination of one water molecule (hence its name).

Butyric anhydride is a clear colorless liquid that smells strongly of butyric acid, which is formed by its reaction to moisture in the air.

Safety
Butyric anhydride is a combustible, corrosive liquid.  It is considered water sensitive.

References

Carboxylic anhydrides
Foul-smelling chemicals
Applied Signal Technology. Applied Signal Technology (; also known as AST) is a provider of advanced intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) products, systems, and services, established in 1984 in Sunnyvale, California. Its 2009 revenue was $202.6 million with a profit of $22.9 million. Its current President and CEO is William B. Van Vleet III. AST serves the defense, intelligence, homeland security, and select commercial markets.

Its products are used to scan and filter cell phone, ship-to-shore, microwave, and military transmissions and evaluate them for relevant information.

In December 2010, AST agreed to be acquired by military contractor Raytheon for $490 million.

References

External links
Applied Signal Technology - Official website

Companies based in Sunnyvale, California
Kuntz Electroplating. Kuntz Electroplating Incorporated is a family owned surface finishing company specializing in Chrome plating.  It is North America's largest polishing and plating company for original equipment manufacturers of steel, aluminum and zinc components for the automotive, motorcycle, appliance and specialty equipment industries.

The company is one of the oldest and largest companies in Waterloo Region.

Kuntz was a division of Magna International for 12 years (1978-1990).

History 
The Kuntz Brewery was sued in 1929 for bootlegging to the United States for $200,000. The Brewery had to be sold and the leftover money was passed down to Oscar Kuntz where, 18 years later, he started building a new company for plating metal.

The company is now owned by the sons of Oscar, Bobby Kuntz and Paul Kuntz.

Expansion

Original Purchase 
In 1947 Oscar Kuntz purchased a building owned by Carr Brothers on Princess Street in Waterloo. At that time named Metal Finishers.

1950-1959 
 1951, company moved to the larger Nyberg Street location. 6,000 square feet 50 employees.
 1956, expansion to .

1960-1969 
 1965, moved to current location on Wilson Ave. .
 1968, anniversary added  the "old Hoist Line" and a new Polishing building, 100 employees.

1970-1979 
 1973, new maintenance division, chemical lab, quality control center, automotive lines and shipping department, 150 employees and .
 1978, joined Magna International added .

1980-1989 
 1985, added  for waste treatment plant.
 1988, expanded to 425 employees for 40th anniversary.
 1989, acquired "Formulated Coatings of Brampton." added 90 employees and a  facility.

1990-1999 
 1990, separated from Magna International to pursue own interests.
 1993-1996, large growth allowed the acquisition of 300 new employees for a total of 675.
 1997, wheel plating expanded (now the largest sector) hired 150 new employees.
 1999, adopted environmentally friendly practices, built steam generator giving 50% of total power.

2000-2009 
 2000, expanded plating line, adopted a new robotics program to raise production and added a new water treatment facility.
 2001, The company reached its peak with 1,200 employees and a  complex.
 2004, partnered with Harley-Davidson bring total production up to 3,000,000 parts per year.
 2008, company downsizes to endure global recession. It was one of the few manufacturers to survive in Waterloo Region.

2010-Present 
 2010, recalled a portion of the laid off workers bringing total back to 850 employees.

Major Clients 
 General Motors
 Ford
 Harley-Davidson
 Toyota
 BMW
 Audi
 Honda
 Jaguar Cars
 Bentley
 Volvo
 Mercedes-Benz
 Freightliner Trucks

Export Countries 
 United States
 France
 Germany
 Italy
 Tuvalu

External links
History
Profile

Companies based in Kitchener, Ontario
History of manufacturing in Ontario
International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. The International Union for Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (IUTAM) is an affiliation of about 500 mechanicians in about 50 countries, and involving about 20 associated organizations, including the International Council for Science (ICSU).  The proceedings of symposia organized by IUTAM are published as Procedia IUTAM.

The IUTAM was organized in 1946 at the sixth International Congress of Applied Mechanics in Paris. The ICAM first met in 1924 at Delft, Netherlands, under the guidance of Jan Burgers, with 214 participants from 21 countries.
The Delft congress was the first in a series of International Congresses of Applied Mechanics. The second was held in 1926 in Zurich. Afterwards these congresses were convened in four-year intervals: 1930 in Stockholm, 1934 in Cambridge, England, 1938 in Cambridge, USA.  After the Second World War the tradition of these conferences was resumed under the umbrella of an official organization, the International Union for Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (IUTAM).
The spirit of international cooperation was initiated by Theodore and Josephine de Karman, natives of Hungary that worked in Germany before going to Caltech. In fact, the "zeroth" International Congress of Mechanics was organized for 1922 to discuss hydrodynamics and aerodynamics:
I managed to get together with Dr. Tullio Levi-Civita, a distinguished mathematician from the University of Rome, and we decided to call the first international conference on mechanics. We issued invitations to the French, British and Americans to meet with their former enemies, the Germans, Austrians and Hungarians, in Innsbruck, Austria. My sister and I paid the secretarial expenses out of our own pocket.
Revival of internationalism after Hitler was described as follows:
[In 1946] we revived the International Congress of Applied Mechanics, which I had helped to create after World War I and which served as a forum for my scientific contest with Prandtl. In 1938, when the members voted to suspend further meetings, we also voted that if world conditions ever changed for the better, we would hold the next meeting in Paris. So eight years and a world war later we kept our word. The meeting was a great success in bringing together representatives of all nations. It was here that we formalized the congress into the International Union for Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (IUTAM).

IUTAM awards the Batchelor Prize for outstanding research in fluid dynamics every four years at the ICTAM conference. Named in honour of George Batchelor, the Australian applied mathematician and fluid dynamicist, the prize has a value of $25,000.

References

 Fons Alkemade (2010) Some of IUTAM's History from IUTAM.

External links
 

Members of the International Council for Science
Scientific organizations established in 1922
International scientific organizations
Mechanical engineering organizations
Members of the International Science Council