omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Perley A. Thomas. Perley Albert Thomas (1874–1958) was a Canadian-born American industrialist and entrepreneur. He was trained as a millsmith (specifically in woodworking), and moved to Cleveland, Ohio, where he was employed by a streetcar manufacturer.

Thomas was born on a farm outside of Chatham, Ontario, grew up in the area and in 1901 he moved to the US settling in Detroit.

He attended night courses at Case Institute of Technology, and learned technical drawing, design skills, and structural engineering. As the streetcar manufacturers transitioned from wooden to steel construction, his expertise allowed him to accept a better offer with Southern Car Company in High Point, North Carolina, where he became chief engineer, and he and his wife moved south in 1910. Thomas became chief engineer, draftsman and designer for the company, using both his mechanical skills and his experience as a skilled woodworker. After he was laid off there when the company folded in 1916, he was persuaded to undertake a contract to renovate streetcars for the Southern Public Utilities Company of Charlotte, North Carolina, using Southern's former facilities and many of its employees. The following year, he organized Perley A. Thomas Car Works, which became famous for its streetcars.

Perley A. Thomas streetcars were renowned for their expert craftsmanship and solid construction, and operated in many large North American cities, including Detroit, Michigan, New York City, Miami, Florida and San Juan, Puerto Rico. A famous Tennessee Williams play and later film of the same name was set in New Orleans, Louisiana, where Perley A. Thomas streetcars were operated on the route labeled "Desire" around the period of 1947 in which the story was set; hence the name: A Streetcar Named Desire. Late in the 20th century, local employees carefully restored the cars, which operate on a heritage streetcar system.

As he had noted and taken advantage of the transition from wooden to steel streetcars, he also recognized the transition from streetcars to buses which North America was undergoing in the 1930s. Thomas guided his company through a transition to bus manufacturing in 1936.

The Perley A. Thomas Car Works was later reorganized as Thomas Built Buses, Inc., and became one of the three principal builders of large school buses in the United States by the end of the 20th century. It is still based in High Point, and is part of the Freightliner Group of Daimler AG, a worldwide automotive manufacturer.

Perley A. Thomas was inducted into the North Carolina Transportation Hall of Fame in 2004. He was inducted into the North American Railway Hall of Fame, St Thomas, Ontario, in 2010.

References

External links 
Photos of a streetcar ("Arch Roof") designed by the Perley Thomas Car Company, built in 1922-24.  
Thomas Built Buses Company History 

1874 births
1958 deaths
American manufacturing businesspeople
People in bus transport
American automotive pioneers
Canadian emigrants to the United States
Thomas Built Buses
RAF Air Support Command. Air Support Command of the Royal Air Force was formed on 1 August 1967 by the redesignation of Transport Command. Its change of name reflected the change of emphasis of the Command from solely transporting materials and manpower around the world to providing general support to RAF operations around the world.

The result of this broader role meant that Air Support Command, unlike its predecessor Transport Command, possessed strike aircraft such as Hawker Hunters. With the contraction of the RAF, it only lasted a short time as a command, and it was absorbed into Strike Command on 1 September 1972 forming No. 38 Group and No. 46 Group within Strike Command. The former was designated as a tactical support and the latter as a strategic support group.

Order of Battle: April 1972 - HQ at Upavon
 RAF Andover
 No. 21 Squadron RAF - Devon, Pembroke
 RAF Benson
 Queen's Flight - Andover, Chipmunk, Heron & Whirlwind
 RAF Brize Norton
 No. 10 Squadron RAF - VC10
 No. 53 Squadron RAF - Belfast
 No. 99 Squadron RAF - Britannia
 No. 511 Squadron RAF - Britannia
 No. 241 Operational Conversion Unit RAF - Belfast, Britannia & VC10
 RAF Coningsby
 No. 228 Operational Conversion Unit RAF - Phantom
 RAF Lyneham
 No. 216 Squadron RAF - Comet
 RAF Northolt
 No. 32 Squadron RAF - Andover, Dominie, Basset & Whirlwind
 RAF Odiham
 No. 240 Operational Conversion Unit RAF - Puma & Wessex
 RAF Thorney Island
 No. 242 Operational Conversion Unit RAF - Andover & Hercules
 RAF Wittering
 No. 233 Operational Conversion Unit RAF - Harrier

Commanders in Chief
Commanders-in-Chief included:
1 August 1967 - Air Marshal Sir Thomas Prickett 
1 July 1968 - Air Marshal Sir Lewis Hodges 
1 October 1970 - Air Marshal Sir Harry Burton

See also

 List of Royal Air Force commands

References

|-
 
 

Air Support Command
Transport units and formations of the Royal Air Force
Military units and formations established in 1967
Rajput-class destroyer. The Rajput-class guided-missile destroyers built for the Indian Navy are modified versions of Soviet s. They are also known as Kashin-II class. The ships were built in the former Soviet Union after considerable Indian design modifications to the Kashin design. These included the replacement of the helicopter pad in the original design with a flight elevator, as well as major changes to the electronics and combat systems. Five units were built for export to India in the 1980s. All units are currently attached to the Eastern Naval Command.

Service history
The Rajput class inherited their anti-aircraft and anti-submarine warfare roles for aircraft carrier task-force defense against submarines, low-flying aircraft, and cruise missiles from the Kashin class.
They were the first ships in the Indian Navy to deploy the BrahMos supersonic cruise missile systems. The systems were deployed during a mid-life refit of the ships. The missile system has four missiles in inclined bow mounted launchers replacing two SS-N-2D Styx AShM launchers in  and eight cell VLS system replacing aft S-125M (NATO: SA-N-1) SAM launcher in  and . Ranvijay was deployed with an updated vertical launcher for the BrahMos missile. As of 2008, the Indian Navy is planning to upgrade the propulsion of the Rajput-class ships with indigenous Kaveri Marine Gas Turbine (KMGT) engine developed by Gas Turbine Research Establishment of DRDO. The engine is currently in testing phase.

During TROPEX-21 exercise of the Indian Navy, the decommissioned Ranjit was sunk by a torpedo.

 was decommissioned from the service on 21 May 2021.

Armaments

Ships of the class

See also
 List of active Indian Navy ships
 List of destroyers of India
 List of naval ship classes in service

References

External links
Rajput class destroyer - Bharat-Rakshak.com
Rajput class destroyer @ GlobalSecurity.org
  All Kashin-II Class Destroyers - Complete Ship List

Destroyer classes
 
India–Soviet Union relations
Destroyers of the Soviet Union
Destroyers of India
Project Liberty. Project Liberty may refer to:

Technology
 Liberty Alliance Project, a broad-based industry standards consortium developing suites of specifications defining federated identity management and web services communication protocols
 Project Liberty, a non-profit initiative to create a new internet infrastructure
 Project LIBERTY, a cellulosic ethanol endeavor  by Jeff Broin

Military
 Project Liberty Ship, a non-profit organization found in 1978 to save a Liberty Ship, the SS John W. Brown as a memorial for men and women of Liberty Ships during World War II
 Project Liberty, a USAF plan to rapidly create and field the MC-12W aircraft for Intelligence, Surveillance & Reconnaissance

Comics
 The Liberty Project, a team of former supervillains into superheroes of Eclipse Comics

Politics
 Free State Project, a libertarian political migration movement
PL-4. PL-4 or POS-PHY Level 4 was the name of the interface that the interface SPI-4.2 is based on. It was proposed by PMC-Sierra to the Optical Internetworking Forum. The name means Packet Over SONET Physical layer level 4. PL-4 was developed by PMC-Sierra in conjunction with the Saturn Development Group.

Context
There are two broad categories of chip-to-chip interfaces. The first, exemplified by PCI-Express and HyperTransport, supports reads and writes of memory addresses. The second broad category carries user packets over 1 or more channels and is exemplified by the IEEE 802.3 family of Media Independent Interfaces and the Optical Internetworking Forum family of System Packet Interfaces. Of these last two, the family of System Packet Interfaces is optimized to carry user packets from many channels. The family of System Packet Interfaces is the most important packet-oriented, chip-to-chip interface family used between devices in the Packet over SONET and Optical Transport Network, which are the principal protocols used to carry the internet between cities.

Applications
PL-4 was designed to be used in systems that support OC-192 SONET interfaces and is sometimes used in 10 Gigabit Ethernet based systems. A typical application of PL-4 (SPI-4.2) is to connect a framer device to a network processor. It has been widely adopted by the high speed networking marketplace.

Technical details
The interface consists of (per direction):
 sixteen LVDS pairs for the data path
 one LVDS pair for control
 one LVDS pair for clock at half of the data rate
 two FIFO status lines running at 1/8 of the data rate
 one status clock

The clocking is Source-synchronous and operates around 700 MHz. Implementations of SPI-4.2 (PL-4) have been produced which allow somewhat higher clock rates. This is important when overhead bytes are added to incoming packets.

Trivia
The name is an acronym of an acronym of an acronym as the P in PL stands for POS-PHY and the S in POS-PHY stands for SONET (Synchronous Optical Network).

History
PL-4 is a descendant of PL-3 which itself is a descendant of the ATM Forum UTOPIA family of standards. The UTOPIA standards were developed by the SATURN Development Group for use in ATM systems.

See also
 PL-3

External links
 OIF Interoperability Agreements

Network protocols
Medavia. Mediterranean Aviation Company Limited, doing business as Medavia, is an Aviation Service Provider with its head office and base of operations at Safi Aviation Park, Carmelo Caruana Road, Safi, Malta. Current services include Part 145 Maintenance and Repair, Aircraft Charter Brokerage, Aircraft Operations, Ground Handling, CAMO, as well as Part 21J Design Engineering.

History 

The airline is a Maltese-registered company founded in 1978. It started operations in September 1979. The organisation is an internationally accredited enterprise that offers a range of aviation services namely flight operations charters with its own fleet, aircraft maintenance services and business charter brokerage. Medavia had around 170 employees as of 2007.

In late December 2012, two Medavia officials were detained in Libya in the wake of the Libyan civil war over allegations that they supported the Gaddafi regime. The allegations conflicted with other claims that they had actively supported anti-Gaddafi rebels instead, and many Libyan expats in Malta protested the detentions. The officials were ultimately released without charges in the first week of 2013. Medavia flights served as evacuation channels for Maltese nationals and injured people in the weeks following the commencement of the battle. Medavia was the only airline with flights from Libya direct to Europe, after plans for Libyan airline Ghadames Air Transport to begin Libya-Malta routes fell through. In 2014, a Medavia aircraft was damaged by unrest in Tripoli, which coalesced in the Battle of Tripoli Airport.
In February 2021, Medavia was rebranded Mel Air

Destinations 
Medavia currently offers flights to Libya, flying regularly to airports such as Mitiga and Misrata. It offers regular and ad hoc charters and long-term leases as well as ACMI operations, including CRJ-1000 operations for Binter Canarias. It previously operated regular services to destinations in Italy, Croatia and Greece besides its regular flights to Libya.

Fleet 
The Medavia fleet consists of the following aircraft (as of June 2022):

The Medavia fleet previously also included the following aircraft (as of March 2008):
 1 further Bombardier Dash 8 311 Series.
 3 CASA C-212 Aviocar

References

External links 
 Medavia Fleet
 

Airlines of Malta
Airlines established in 1978
1978 establishments in Malta
Abrizio. Abrizio was a fabless semiconductor company which made switching fabric chip sets (integrated circuits for computer network  switches).  Their chip set, the TT1, was used by several large system development companies as the core switch fabric in their high value communication systems.

Founding
Abrizio was founded in 1997, by Professor Nick McKeown as a spinout of the Tiny-tera project at Stanford University. It received US$6M of funding from Benchmark Capital and Sequoia Capital.

Product and technology
The product name TT1 referred to "Tiny Tera" meaning a small, highly integrated semiconductor implementation of a terabit/s capacity switching fabric. The Stanford program demonstrated a scalable packet switch that had a terabit-per-second performance in CMOS.  Abrizio was the first to introduce a more optimized Input-Buffered Output Queued Switch Fabrics, which addressed the memory efficiency issue of similar technologies. Its technology made better use of memory, making the TT1 a less expensive product. Abrizio's key technology was a sophisticated implementation of a Wavefront arbiter which allowed the switch to make complex arbitration decisions very quickly.

Senior leadership
In 1998, Anders Swahn, who had been executive vice president of sales and marketing at Allied-Telesyn Inc., joined Abrizio as chief executive. Abrizio's corporate colors were purple and yellow. The CEO of Abrizio was Anders Swahn.  The CTO was  McKeown who was taking a leave from his professorship at Stanford. Zubair Hussein was the V.P. of Engineering.

Acquisition
Abrizio was acquired on August 24, 1999, by PMC-Sierra for 4,352,000 shares of PMC-Sierra stock, worth at that time $400M.  After the acquisition, the former Abrizio development team completed the TTx switch chip set.   In the wake of the bursting of the telecom bubble, PMC-Sierra laid off most of the former Abrizio team in 2001.

References

External links
 Sequoia Capital

Companies established in 1997
Defunct networking companies
Fabless semiconductor companies
Defunct semiconductor companies of the United States
Defunct computer companies of the United States
Defunct computer hardware companies
LifeClipper. lifeClipper is an augmented reality outdoor art project created by the Basel-based artist Jan Torpus in 2004, utilising an immersive wearable head-mounted display (HMD) system built from off-the-shelf components. It was presented by the new media art organization plug.in in the historic St. Alban quarter in Basel, Switzerland. The individual parts are: Portable computer, head mounted display, video camera, microphone, GPS sensor, compass and pressure sensors. When moving around, the system uses GPS co-ordinates to trigger images and sounds for the user, so that they may look at an area of interest and have impressions of the past for example brought up in their display. Many users have described the experience like living in a movie.

The project evolved into lifeClipper2 (Basel, 2006–2008), an interdisciplinary design research project chaired by the Institute for Research in Art and Design of the University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland. It explored the potential of augmented reality for project visualization, urban planning and tourism.

lifeClipper3 (Basel, 2009-2011) is based on technology and findings of the precedent lifeClipper projects and includes a breath biofeedback sensors for interaction. The last one of the lifeClipper series is a game-like piece of new media art which is implemented in St. Johanns Park in Basel, Switzerland. It invites visitors to walk around the park to experience alternative realities. Shifts between everyday life conventions and a fantastic parallel universe with different physical and cultural rules create interference and question the visitor's perception of reality.

References

External links
LifeClipper website
LifeClipper2 website
LifeClipper3 website

Multimodal interaction
Virtual reality works
GNU Data Language. The GNU Data Language (GDL) is a free alternative to IDL (Interactive Data Language), achieving full compatibility with IDL 7 and partial compatibility with IDL 8. Together with its library routines, GDL is developed to serve as a tool for data analysis and visualization in such disciplines as astronomy, geosciences, and medical imaging.
GDL is licensed under the GPL. Other open-source numerical data analysis tools similar to GDL include Julia, Jupyter Notebook, GNU Octave, NCAR Command Language (NCL), Perl Data Language (PDL), R, Scilab, SciPy, and Yorick.

GDL as a language is dynamically-typed, vectorized, and has object-oriented programming capabilities. GDL library routines handle numerical calculations (e.g. FFT), data visualisation, signal/image processing, interaction with host OS, and data input/output. GDL supports several data formats, such as NetCDF, HDF (v4 & v5), GRIB, PNG, TIFF, and DICOM. Graphical output is handled by X11, PostScript, SVG, or z-buffer terminals, the last one allowing output graphics (plots) to be saved in raster graphics formats. GDL features integrated debugging facilities, such as breakpoints. GDL has a Python bridge (Python code can be called from GDL; GDL can be compiled as a Python module). GDL uses Eigen (C++ library) numerical library (similar to Intel MKL) to offer high computing performance on multi-core processors.

Packaged versions of GDL are available for several Linux and BSD flavours as well as macOS. The source code compiles on Microsoft Windows and other UNIX systems, including Solaris.

GDL is not an official GNU package.

See also

 Interpreter (computing)
 IDL (programming language)

References

External links
 
 Running the GNU Data Language on coLinux
 
 Linux packages: ArchLinux, Debian, Fedora, Gentoo, Ubuntu,
 BSD/OSX ports: Fink, FreeBSD, Macports

Free science software
Free software programmed in C++
Data language
Numerical programming languages
Software that uses wxWidgets
Osterizer. Osterizer is a brand which has been used by Oster Manufacturing for its line of blenders since 1946.

History
It has been claimed to be the first mainstream brand of blender, though technically the Waring blender brand was introduced in 1937.

In 1946, Oster acquired the Stevens Electric Company,  which had received a patent on the liquifying blender in 1922. Oster itself was bought by Sunbeam Corporation in 1960.

The blender
Osterizer blenders tended towards heavy construction and motors. While this raised cost, many early-model Osterizers still function today, and are more powerful than a majority of contemporary consumer blenders.

Sources
 J. Hebey, Domestic Aesthetic: Household Art 1920–1970, 5 Continents Publishing, 2003. .
 M. Young, World Almanac Book of Records, World Almanac, 2006. .
 B. Huxford, Garage Sale & Flea Market Annual, Collector Books, 2004. .

Notes

External links
 Oster Official Site
 Schwua

Home appliance brands
Products introduced in 1946
Wallsend Slipway & Engineering Company. Wallsend Slipway & Engineering Company Ltd was formerly an independent company, located on the River Tyne at Point Pleasant, near Wallsend, Tyne & Wear, around a mile downstream from the Swan Hunter shipyard, with which it later merged.

History

The Company was formed by Charles Mitchell, a shipbuilder, in November 1871 as The Wallsend Slipway Co. with the objective of repairing the shipping vessels of various shipowners with whom he had recently established a business relationship.

One of the first ships repaired was the Earl Percy berthed in 1873.

In 1874 Willam Boyd was appointed managing director and it was Boyd who introduced marine engine building to the firm - this becoming over the next decade its most important activity - which brought the words 'Engineering' into the full title of the firm which then became ' The Wallsend Slipway and Engineering Co Ltd'. In 1903 Swan Hunter took a controlling interest in the Company.

The company manufactured Parsons turbines under license for ships including the famous  and numerous British warships.

In 1977 the business was nationalised and became part of British Shipbuilders. The site then passed to AMEC which operated it as part of an offshore facility known as the Hadrian Yard: it was responsible for pre-fabricated construction of the Gateshead Millennium Bridge completed in 2001 and also conducted fitting out of the Bonga FPSO in 2003.

Amec mothballed the yard in 2004. It was announced in April 2008 that the site was to be sold and then in November 2008 the site was acquired by Shepherd Offshore.

In March 2009, SLP, a Suffolk-based engineering business, announced that it would lease part of the yard from Shepherd Offshore to build offshore gas production platforms for the North Sea.

References

Further reading

External links

Defunct shipbuilding companies of the United Kingdom
Defunct engineering companies of England
Marine engine manufacturers
Defunct companies based in Tyne and Wear
Wallsend
Manufacturing companies established in 1871
Manufacturing companies disestablished in 2005
1871 establishments in England
2005 disestablishments in England
British companies established in 1871
Engine manufacturers of the United Kingdom
Leopold Rutowicz. Leopold Józef Rutowicz (born 18 October 1932 in Kraków)
is a Polish politician and
Member of the European Parliament (MEP)
for the MP & SW
with the Self-Defense,
and is therefore a Non-Inscrit in the European Parliament.

Rutowicz sits on its Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection, and is
a substitute for the Committee on Employment and Social Affairs and a member of the
Delegation for relations with Australia and New Zealand.

Education
 1956: Master of Engineering, University of Mining and Metallurgy (AGH)
 1981: doctor of commodities science at the academy of Economics in Kraków

Career
 1955-1968: Assistant and lecturer at AGH
 1957-1959: Senior technologist at the Fabryka Wyrobów Blaszanych (Tin Products Factory)
 1957-1963: chief mechanic at the Kraków Enterprise for General Construction
 1959-1990: Member of the Administration and Chairman of the Voivodeship Club for Technical Improvement and Innovation (Klub Racjonalizacji i Wynalazczości)
 1963-1967: head of the Ośrodek Prototypów Zakładu Badań i Doświadczeń Budownictwa (Prototype Centre of the Institute for Building Research and Testing)
 1967-1990: Deputy director and director of the Regional Office of Weights and Measures
 1967-1993: Member of the Administration and Chairman of the Association of Polish Engineers and Technicians, Kraków branch
 1990-1995: director of the Assay Office of Kraków

Decorations
 1977: Gold Cross of Merit
 1984: Knight's Cross - 'Polonia Restituta'

See also
 2004 European Parliament election in Poland

External links
 

1932 births
Living people
Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland MEPs
MEPs for Poland 2004–2009