omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Soran University. Soran University (SU) () is a KRG sponsored public university, founded in 2009. It is located in Soran, Iraqi Kurdistan.

Faculties
SU has five faculties: 
Faculty of Arts
Faculty of Law
Faculty of Science
Faculty of Education
Faculty of Engineering (Civil, Petroleum, Chemical) Engineering

Staff
Key staff members include:

1. President: Asst. Prof. Dr. Sherwan Sharif Qurtas

 Vice-president for Administrative and Financial affairs: Asst. Prof. Dr. Sherzad Saeed Sedeeq
 Vice-president for scientific affairs: Prof. Dr. Sirwan Zand
 Vice-president for Students' affairs : Dr. Rizgar Saed Hussein
 Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayad Nuri Faqi Dean of Faculty of Science
 Dr. Ali Yousif Azeez Dean of Faculty of Education
 Dr. Himdad Faysal Ahmad Dean of Faculty of Law
 Dr. Jamal Ismael Kakrasul Dean of Faculty of Engineering
 Prof. Dr. Samir Mustafa Dean of Scientific Research Centre

See also
 List of universities in Iraq

External links
 

Universities in Kurdistan Region (Iraq)
Erbil Governorate
Public universities
Educational institutions established in 2009
2009 establishments in Iraqi Kurdistan
Windrider (glider). The Windrider walkalong glider is a commercially available toy airplane designed to be flown by controllable slope soaring. The design was first invented, manufactured and sold by Tyler MacCready, son of Paul MacCready. The same design appeared as the Air Surfer from WowWee for a brief period before being produced by the current manufacturer, Windrider Ltd. of Hong Kong. The Windrider is a flying wing design type of fixed-wing aircraft.

See also 

 Gliding
 Orographic lift
 Slope soaring
 controllable slope soaring
 Human-powered aircraft

External links

 Video of Tyler MacCready flying his walkalong glider on Scientific American Frontiers Flying Free episode
 Video on how to fly the Wowwee Air Surfer product
 Windrider Ltd. Flying Toys
 Ballast Modifications to Reduce Stall Speed of Windrider
 PBS Scientific American Frontiers Flying Free episode with Walkalong Glider

Gliding technology
Model aircraft
ABC FlowCharter. ABC FlowCharter is a flowchart program originally from Texas-based Micrografx, Inc. The trademark for this software was filed on August 25, 1989, and registered in January 1991. It is also known as Micrografx FlowCharter
and iGrafx FlowCharter.

Version 4.0 of ABC FlowCharter was released in 1995. It integrated the ABC ToolKit software from Micrografx and included new diagramming tools and templates. The software added intelligent line routing, which automatically routed connecting lines around other shapes. This software was compatible with an IBM 386 computer with Windows 3.1, 5 Mb of RAM, a VGA monitor, and it required 21 Mb of hard disk space.

Following the acquisition of Micrografx by the Canadian company Corel in 2001, ABC FlowCharter was then maintained by the separate business unit iGrafx, formed in 2003. The software package was renamed to "iGrafx FlowCharter 2003". , the currently available version of this software package is "iGrafx FlowCharter".

References

Diagramming software
Precision Tech Fergy. The Precision Tech Fergy F-II B is a two-seat side-by-side, conventional landing gear, strut-braced, high-wing, pusher configuration ultralight aircraft that was manufactured by Ferguson Aircraft and later Precision Tech Aircraft in kit form for amateur construction. The aircraft is out of production and no longer available.

Design and development
The Fergy was developed from the Kolb Mark III and introduced to the market in 1991. Reviewer Andre Cliche describes it as a "clone", whilst Noel Bertrand et al. claim it was "inspired by the Kolb Twinstar". The aircraft differs from the Kolb design in that it has a revised cockpit pod, with centerline-hinged doors and a square-tipped rudder. The horizontal stabilizer was also raised a few inches to give better ground clearance.

The aircraft is constructed from aluminium tubing, covered with aircraft fabric. The wings fold for storage or trailering. The standard engine supplied with the kit was the  Rotax 503, with the liquid-cooled  Rotax 582 optional, although the Fergie can accept engines that range in output from .

The average construction time from the kit was reported by the manufacturer as 350 hours and 40 had been completed by 2001.

Operational history
The Fergie won the Grand Champion title at Sun 'n Fun in 1991.

Specifications (Precision Tech Fergy)

See also

References

1990s United States ultralight aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Istra Ezhik. 

The Istra Ezhik (en: Small hedgehog) is a Russian agricultural aircraft designed and developed by Istra (Istra Experimental Mechanics Depot).

Design and development
The Ezhik design begun in 1999 and first exhibited in August 2005 and flew some time after.  The Ezhik is a conventional low-wing cantilever monoplane powered by a Walter Minor M-337A engine. It first appeared with a conventional single fin but was later modified with twin rectangular fins. It has a raised and enclosed cockpit with two tandem-seats and a conventional landing gear with a tailwheel. The Ezhik has a welded steel tube fuselage with aluminium skin forward of the cockpit with the rest of the fuselage and tail fabric covered. It has a monospar wing and a chemical hopper in the fuselage feeds eight rotary atomisers fitted beneath the wings.

Specifications

References
Notes

Bibliography

Agricultural aircraft
2000s Russian civil utility aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Twin-tail aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Mass separating agent. In chemical separation processes, a mass separating agent (MSA) is a chemical species that is added to ensure that the intended separation process takes place. It is analogous to an energy separating agent, which aids separations processes via addition of energy. An MSA may be partially immiscible with one or more mixture components and frequently is the constituent of highest concentration in the added phase. Alternatively, the MSA may be miscible with a liquid feed mixture, but may selectively alter partitioning of species between liquid and vapor phases.

Disadvantages of using an MSA are a need for an additional separator to recover the MSA for recycle, a need for MSA makeup, possible MSA product contamination, and more difficult design procedures.

Processes like absorption and stripping generally utilize various MSAs.

References

Separation processes
Albatros L 76. The Albatros L 76 Aeolus was a German military reconnaissance aircraft built by Albatros Flugzeugwerke in 1927. The plane had wooden dual-spar wings with plywood skins supported by N-type struts and a fabric-covered fuselage made of welded steel tubing. The aircraft was used for testing, as well as the training of the Soviet Air Force. It was difficult to fly, and killed many people, including Emil Thuy, who crashed near Smolensk on June 11, 1930, and Paul Jeschonnek, who crashed near Berlin on June 13, 1929. As a result, it had to be improved, leading to the production of the Albatros L 77v, designed by  Ernst Heinkel Flugzeugwerke.

Operators

Soviet Air Force - Two aircraft, used for tests and trials.

Specifications

Notes

References
Michael J. H. Taylor, Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. Studio Editions, London (1989).
W.Green & G Swanborough, The Complete Book of Fighters. Salamander Books, London (1994). 

1920s German military reconnaissance aircraft
L 076
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1927
Sesquiplanes
Waterman butterfly projection. The Waterman "Butterfly" World Map is a map projection created by Steve Waterman. Waterman first published a map in this arrangement in 1996. The arrangement is an unfolding of a polyhedral globe with the shape of a truncated octahedron, evoking the butterfly map principle first developed by Bernard J.S. Cahill (1866–1944) in 1909. Cahill and Waterman maps can be shown in various profiles, typically linked at the north Pacific or north Atlantic oceans.

As Cahill was an architect, his approach tended toward forms that could be demonstrated physically, such as by his flattenable rubber-ball map. Waterman, on the other hand, derived his design from his work on close-packing of spheres. This involves connecting the sphere centers from cubic closest-packed spheres into a corresponding convex hull, as demonstrated in the accompanying graphics. These illustrate the W5 sphere cluster, W5 convex hull, and two Waterman projections from the W5 convex hull.

To project the sphere to the polyhedron, the Earth is divided into eight octants. Each meridian is drawn as three straight-line segments in its respective octant, each segment defined by its endpoints on two of four "Equal Line Delineations" defined by Waterman.  These Equal Line Delineations are the North Pole, the northernmost polyhedron edge, the longest line parallel to the equator, and the equator itself. The intersections of all meridians with any one Equal Line Delineation are equally spaced, and the intersections of all parallels with any one meridian are equally spaced. Waterman chose the W5 Waterman polyhedron and central meridian of 20°W to minimize interrupting major land masses. Popko notes the projection can be gnomonic too. The two methods yield very similar results.

Like Buckminster Fuller's 1943 Dymaxion Projection, an octahedral butterfly map can show all the continents uninterrupted if its octants are divided at a suitable meridian (in this case 20°W) and are joined, for example, at the North Atlantic, as in the 1996 version.

See also

List of map projections
Waterman polyhedron
Bernard J.S. Cahill
World map

References

External links
Real-time winds and temperature on Waterman projection
Critique of Waterman projection

Map projections
Grasshopper 3D. Grasshopper is a visual programming language and environment that runs within the Rhinoceros 3D computer-aided design (CAD) application. The program was created by David Rutten, at Robert McNeel & Associates. Programs are created by dragging components onto a canvas. The outputs of those components are then connected to the inputs of subsequent components.

Overview

Grasshopper is primarily used to build generative algorithms, such as for generative art. Many of Grasshopper's components create 3D geometry. Programs may also contain other types of algorithms including numeric, textual, audio-visual and haptic applications.

Advanced uses of Grasshopper include parametric modelling for structural engineering, architecture and fabrication, lighting performance analysis for energy efficient architecture, and building energy use.

The first version of Grasshopper, then named Explicit History, was released in September 2007. Grasshopper was made part of the standard Rhino toolset in Rhino 6.0, and continues to be.

AEC Magazine stated that Grasshopper is "Popular among students and professionals, McNeel Associate’s Rhino modelling tool is endemic in the architectural design world. The new Grasshopper environment provides an intuitive way to explore designs without having to learn to script." Research supporting this claim has come from product design and architecture.

See also
 Architectural engineering
 Comparison of computer-aided design software
 Design computing
 Parametric design
 Generative design
 Responsive computer-aided design
 Visual programming language

References

Further reading
 K Lagios, J Niemasz and C F Reinhart, "Animated Building Performance Simulation (ABPS) - Linking Rhinoceros/Grasshopper with Radiance/Daysim", Accepted for Publication in the Proceedings of SimBuild 2010, New York City, August 2010 (full article).
 J Niemasz, J Sargent, C F Reinhart, "Solar Zoning and Energy in Detached Residential Dwellings", Proceedings of SimAUD 2011, Boston, April 2011
 Arturo Tedeschi, Architettura Parametrica - Introduzione a Grasshopper, II edizione, Le Penseur, Brienza 2010,  
 Arturo Tedeschi, Parametric Architecture with Grasshopper, Le Penseur, Brienza 2011, 
 Arturo Tedeschi, AAD Algorithms-Aided Design, Parametric Strategies using Grasshopper, Le Penseur, Brienza 2014, 
 Pedro Molina-Siles, Parametric Environment. The Handbook of grasshopper. Nodes & Exercises , Universitat Politècnica de València, 2016. 
Diego Cuevas, Advanced 3D Printing with Grasshopper: Clay and FDM (2020).

External links
 

Computer-aided design
Building engineering software
Computer-aided design software
Issues in Science and Technology. Issues in Science and Technology is a policy journal published by the United States National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and Arizona State University. The journal is a forum for discussion of public policy related to science, technology, engineering, and medicine. This includes policy for science (how to nurture the health of the research enterprise) and science for policy (how to use knowledge more effectively to achieve social goals), with emphasis on the latter.

According to the journal's mission statement: "Unlike a popular magazine, in which journalists report on the work of experts, or a professional journal, in which experts communicate with colleagues, Issues is a place where researchers, government officials, business leaders, and others with a stake in public policy can share ideas with a broad audience. When it comes to the relationship between society and advances in science and technology, the perspectives of the boardroom, the statehouse, the federal agency, and the community are as important as that of the laboratory."

The journal analyzes current topics in science, technology, and medicine, and seeks to provide recommendations by luminaries in government, industry, and academia to solve them. In the book review section, authors assess recent books about science and technology.

The journal also produces a podcast, The Ongoing Transformation, which features discussions with policymakers, academics, and other expert contributors.

References

External links

The Ongoing Transformation

English-language journals
Quarterly journals
Barry Railway Class B. Barry Railway Class B were 0-6-2T steam tank locomotives of the Barry Railway in South Wales.  They were designed and built by Sharp Stewart and were virtually identical to the Class A that preceded it, with the addition of a trailing bogie.  The first three, Nos. 6, 7 and 8 were introduced in December 1888 and the remainder of the batch (Nos. 9 to 20) were delivered between January and May 1889.  No. 7 was vacuum fitted and thus was able to haul passenger services as the relief engine for No. 5, a Class A.

The main purpose of the engine was to haul mineral trains to Cadoxton from Hafod Sidings in Rhondda and from Treforest Junction as well as from Coity Junction near Bridgend and Peterstone Junction.  The second batch (Nos. 23 to 32) were delivered between December 1889 and February 1890 and differed from the first batch in having a Type 2 boiler. This led to them initially being called Class B1s.

The locomotives passed to the Great Western Railway in 1922.  Only four survived into British Railways ownership in 1948, numbers 198, 212, 213, and 231. None were preserved.

Numbering

References

B
0-6-2T locomotives
Sharp Stewart locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1888
Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain
Scrapped locomotives
Freight locomotives
Temple (weaving). A temple is an adjustable stretcher used on a loom to maintain the width and improve the edges of the woven fabric.

Function
During the process of weaving, fabrics can decrease in width (draw in) due to the interlacement of the weft material. Temples prevent this decrease by keeping fabrics at a fixed width, thus requiring more weft to enter the weave with each pass of the shuttle. Fabric produced without draw-in has a smoother selvage, weft can be packed in more evenly, and warp threads are less likely to break from excessive friction in the reed.

Use of temples
There are two main types of temples: metal and wood. Both types have a shaft, whose length can be adjusted, and sharp prongs at each end to attach to the fabric. Wooden temples tend to be lighter and have straight, fine teeth. The teeth on metal temples are angled and are wider at the base than the teeth on wooden temples. Metal temples are often recommended for rugs because the size and angle of the teeth are better for gripping the thick edges. 

To use a temple, the length is first adjusted so that it matches the total width (or spread) of warp threads in the reed. The prongs are then inserted into the fabric, on each side, at the very edges of the cloth. The temple must be moved frequently to keep it close to the fell of the fabric, where the weaving is taking place.

References

External links 

Weaving equipment
Measuring instruments
Railway stations in Milan. Milan has 24 railway stations in use today. Of these, 18 are managed by RFI, while the remaining 6 are operated by Ferrovienord. Three more stations are currently in the planning stage for the city area: Canottieri, Dergano and Zama.

History of rail transport in Milan

In the huge explosion of rail transport in the 19th century, Milan was one of the places that invested in the development of this type of transport.

In the late 1830s, Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria granted "the privilege to build a road on iron rails from Milan to Monza" to the Holzhammer company of Bolzano. The privilege authorized the construction of a railway project developed by the Milanese engineer Giulio Sarti.

The Milan–Monza railway, opened in 1840, was the first railway line in Lombardy, and the second in Italy after the Naples–Portici railway. Milan's first railway station, Porta Nuova, formed part of the new railway. It was placed outside the circle of ramparts, near the Porta Nuova city gate, from which it took its name.

In February 1846 came the second Milanese railway station, Porta Tosa-Vittoria, near the city gate of the same name, and outside the circle of ramparts. For eleven years, this station served as the terminus of the Milan–Treviglio railway, which is the Lombard section of the Milan-Venice railway. Since 1857, with the opening of the Treviglio–Bergamo–Coccaglio railway, Porta Tosa station became the western terminus of the railway linking Milan with Venice, the other capital city of the then Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia.

With the decision to extend the Monza railway further north to Como, it was necessary to widen the Porta Nuova railway station by adding extra space, along the banks of the Naviglio Martesana. The new larger station, with a sizeable three bay train hall covering the tracks and trains, entered service in 1850. Today, the station building of this now former station, which was closed in 1931, can still be recognized inside the barracks of the Guardia di Finanza, in via Melchiorre Gioia.

Chronological list of stations

See also

List of Milan suburban railway stations
History of rail transport in Italy
Rail transport in Italy
Railway stations in Italy

References

 
Mil
Milan-related lists
Christopher G. Atkeson. Christopher Granger Atkeson (born 28 May 1959) is an American roboticist and a professor at the Robotics Institute and Human-Computer Interaction Institute at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU). Atkeson is known for his work in humanoid robots, soft robotics, and machine learning, most notably on locally weighted learning.

Early life and education
Atkeson graduated summa cum laude from Harvard University in 1981 with an A.B. in biochemistry. He received his S.M. degree in applied mathematics in the same year, also from Harvard. He then attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and received his PhD in brain and cognitive science from them in 1986, advised by Emilio Bizzi.

Career
Before joining the faculty at CMU in 2000, he was an assistant, then associate professor in the department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences at MIT from 1986 to 1993. He was also an associate professor at the College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology from 1994 to 2000.

Atkeson's work in soft robotics helped influence production on the 2014 Disney film Big Hero 6, and he consulted with the film's production team on the design of Baymax.

Honors and awards
 National Science Foundation Engineering Initiation Award, 1987–1988.
 National Science Foundation Presidential Young Investigator Award, 1988–1993.
 W. M. Keck Foundation Assistant Professorship in Biomedical Engineering, 1988–1990.
 Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellow, 1989–1991.
 W. M. Keck Foundation Associate Professorship in Biomedical Engineering, 1990–1991.
 Teaching Award from the MIT Graduate Student Council, 1990.
 Edenfield Faculty Fellowship Award, 1995.
 Elected by faculty to College of Computing Dean's Advisory Committee, 1995–1996, 1996–1997.
 Finalist, Best Paper Award, ICRA 2000.

Personal life
Atkeson is married to Jessica Hodgins, Professor of Computer Science and Robotics at CMU, and former director of Disney Research, Pittsburgh.

References

External links
 Home Page
 Mathematics Genealogy Project profile

American artificial intelligence researchers
Georgia Tech faculty
Carnegie Mellon University faculty
Living people
Machine learning researchers
American roboticists
1959 births
Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science alumni
Sloan Research Fellows
Disney Research people
Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences alumni
Semseyite. Semseyite  is a rarely occurring sulfosalt mineral and is part of the class of lead antimony sulfides. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system with the chemical composition Pb9Sb8S21. The mineral forms dark gray to black aggregates.

Etymology and history
Semseyite was first described for an occurrence in the Felsöbánya mine in Baia Sprie, Romania in 1881 by József Sándor Krenner (1839–1920). The mineral was named after Hungarian mineralogist Andor von Semsey (1833–1923).

Occurrence 
Semseyite forms in hydrothermal solutions at temperatures between 300 and 350 °C. It occurs in association with bournonite, jamesonite, sphalerite, zinkenite, sorbyite, guettardite, jordanite, diaphorite, galena, pyrite, chalcopyrite, tetrahedrite, arsenopyrite and siderite.

Images

References

Lead minerals
Antimony minerals
Sulfide minerals
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 15
Vector Pascal. Vector Pascal is an open source compiler that extends the Pascal  programming language. It is designed to support efficient expression of algorithms using the SIMD model of computation. It imports into Pascal abstraction mechanisms derived from Iverson's APL programming language. In particular it extends all operators to work on vectors of data. The type system is also extended to handle pixels and dimensional analysis.

The compiler is implemented in Java.

Supported architectures 

 ARM64
 Intel 486
 Intel Xeon-Phi (auto parallelising Xeon Phi compile)
 AMD Opteron processor, the Opteron compiler supports multi-core parallelism
 Pentium 4
 Athlon
 Sony PlayStation 2 Emotion Engine  
 The Cell processor (PS3)
 Advanced Vector Extensions (Intel Sandy Bridge, AMD Bulldozer (microarchitecture))

Standards 

The syntax generally follows that of Turbo Pascal and includes all features of the ISO standard (ISO 7185-1990) except where overridden by Turbo Pascal. Features of Extended Pascal (an extended Pascal standard was created as ISO/IEC 10206) are also incorporated.

References

External links
Reference Manual in SIGPLAN Notices
Orthogonal Parallel Processing in Vector Pascal

Pascal (programming language)
Pascal programming language family
Pascal (programming language) compilers
Array programming languages