omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
USS Graham. USS Graham (DD-192) was a Clemson-class destroyer in the United States Navy during World War I. She was named for Secretary of the Navy William A. Graham (1804–1875).

History
Graham was launched 22 March 1919 by the Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Company, Newport News, Virginia, sponsored by Mrs. Robert F. Smallwood, granddaughter of Secretary Graham; and commissioned at Norfolk Navy Yard, 13 March 1920. Her build cost was $1,750,000 ().

Assigned to the Atlantic Fleet, after several trial runs on East Coast, Graham was at first given the special duty, together with two other U.S. destroyers, of a moving picture boat carrying the moving picture photographers, in connection with the International Cup Race, under the auspices of the New York Yacht Club, beginning 15 July 1920 and on alternate days thereafter until 27 July when the Race was completed.

Graham then joined the Atlantic Torpedo Fleet at Newport, Rhode Island, for exercises and training along the east coast, and for Neutrality Patrol and exercises off Guantanamo Bay and in the Panama Canal Zone. In 1921, she participated in combined division, squadron and fleet maneuvers off South America, visiting Callao, Peru, and Balboa, Canal Zone, before returning to Hampton Roads. There she took part in the Presidential Fleet Review at Norfolk, Virginia, in April 1921. She also participated in the bombing tests on former German ships off the Virginia coast that summer. On 27 October, in company with the 20th Division, she escorted S.S. Paris, on which General Foch was a passenger, to New York, and convoyed that ship up Ambrose Channel, New York. Then she commenced antiaircraft practice. On 12 November 1921 she had a change of status from operative commission to reduced complement. She was en route to New York from Charleston, South Carolina, when on 16 December she collided with SS Panama off the New Jersey coast and had to return to New York.

Graham decommissioned at New York Navy Yard 31 March 1922, and was sold for scrapping, 19 September 1922.

As of 2005, no other U.S. Navy ship has been named Graham.

References

External links 
history.navy.mil: USS Graham 
navsource.org: USS Graham
hazegray.org: USS Graham

Clemson-class destroyers
Ships built in Newport News, Virginia
1919 ships
Osprey Osprey I. 

The Osprey GP2 Osprey, also known as the Air Skimmer, Sea Skimmer, or Pereira GP2 Osprey, was a single-seat flying boat designed by Eut Tileston under contract to George Pereira, a private builder. After the release of Pereira's amphibious Osprey II some years later, this aircraft became known retrospectively as the Osprey I. The original plane was designed to be water launched only. Initial test flights were performed in the Sacramento Delta. A single example was evaluated by the United States Navy as the X-28. Pereira formed Osprey Aircraft to market the plans to homebuilders, including plans for a trailer that allows the pilot to launch and recover the aircraft single-handed. These plans are still marketed by Osprey Aircraft .

The Navy became interested in the project through a Naval Air Development Center study into patrol missions in Southeast Asia. The study required that the aircraft be capable of flight under visual flight rules (VFR), be lightweight, cost less than 5,000 US dollars, and be able to be manufactured in Southeast Asia. After examining Pereira's Osprey in 1971, the Navy purchased the aircraft and commenced testing it as the X-28A in the fall of that year. Although the Osprey met most of the requirements of the program, the program itself was cancelled without any further military examples produced. The sole X-28 is now on display in the Mid-America Air Museum.

Specifications Osprey I

See also

Notes

References

 
 
 
 
 

1970s United States sport aircraft
Flying boats
Osprey I
Shoulder-wing aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1970
WS-Management. WS-Management (Web Services-Management) is a DMTF open standard defining a SOAP-based protocol for the management of servers, devices, applications and various Web services. WS-Management provides a common way for systems to access and exchange management information across the IT infrastructure.

Design 
The specification is based on DMTF open standards and Internet standards for Web services.

The specification is quite rich, supporting much more than get/set of simple variables, and in that it is closer to WBEM or Netconf than to SNMP. A mapping of the DMTF-originated Common Information Model into WS-Management was also defined.

History 
WS-Management was originally developed by a coalition of vendors.  The coalition started with AMD, Dell, Intel, Microsoft, Sun Microsystems and expanded to a total of 13 members before being subsumed by the DMTF in 2005.

The DMTF has published the standards document DSP0226 with version 1.2 of September 30, 2014.

Implementations and application support 
 Microsoft has implemented the WS-Management standard in Windows Remote Management 1.1 (WinRM), available for Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008.
 Using WS-Management (WinRM 2.0), Windows PowerShell 2.0 allows scripts and cmdlets to be invoked on a remote machine or a large set of remote machines.
 WinRM 2.0 for Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 was released on Oct 26, 2009.
 WinRM 3.0 for Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 was released on Sept 4 2012 and shipped in Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012.
 A European research project (ITEA 2 programme, a strategic pan-European programme for advanced pre-competitive R&D in Software-intensive Systems and Services), named SODA (Service Oriented Device and Delivery Architecture) developed several implementations of WS-Management in ANSI C, Java, and for OSGi. These implementations are specifically targeted to be used with an open SOAP web service protocol stack named DPWS (Devices Profile for Web Services), and were optimized to be integrated in micro-devices with only 100kB of memory. These implementations are free software, licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL), and their source code is freely available for download.
 Intel Active Management Technology, an out-of-band management suite, uses WS-Management as the out-of-band management protocol.
 OpenNMS, an open-source network management platform, includes a pure-Java WS-Management client library. This library enables WS-Management as a management protocol in OpenNMS.
 By default WinRM HTTP uses port 80 and HTTPS uses port 443.  On Windows 7 and higher the default ports are 5985 and 5986, respectively.

References

External links 
 WS-Management specifications
 Openwsman: Open-source implementation of WS-Management
 WinRM (Windows Remote Management): a Microsoft Windows implementation of WS-Management Protocol based on SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)

DMTF standards
Computer standards
Open standards
Network management
Solvolysis. In chemistry, solvolysis is a type of nucleophilic substitution (S1/S2) or  elimination where the nucleophile is a solvent molecule. Characteristic of S1 reactions, solvolysis of a chiral reactant affords the racemate. Sometimes however, the stereochemical course is complicated by intimate ion pairs, whereby the leaving anion remains close to the carbocation, effectively shielding it from an attack by the nucleophile. Particularly fast reactions can occur by neighbour group participation, with nonclassical ions as intermediates or transition states.

Examples
For certain nucleophiles, solvolysis reactions are classified. Solvolysis involving water is called hydrolysis. Related terms are alcoholysis (alcohols) and specifically methanolysis (methanol), acetolysis, ammonolysis (ammonia), and aminolysis (alkyl amines). Glycolysis is however an older term for the multistep conversion of glucose to pyruvate.

Hydrolysis

While solvolysis often refers to an organic chemistry context, hydrolysis is common throughout inorganic chemistry, where aqua complexes of metal ions react with solvent molecules due to the Lewis acidity of the metal center. For example, aqueous solutions of aluminium chloride are acidic due to the aqua-aluminium complex losing protons to water molecules, giving hydronium ions which lowers the pH.

In organic chemistry, hydrolysis reactions often give two fragments from an initial substrate. For example, the hydrolysis of amides give carboxylic acids and amines; the hydrolysis of esters give alcohols and carboxylic acids.

Alcoholysis
An example of a solvolysis reaction is the reaction of a triglyceride with a simple alcohol such as methanol or ethanol to give the methyl or ethyl esters of the fatty acid, as well as glycerol. This reaction is more commonly known as a transesterification reaction due to the exchange of the alcohol fragments.

Ammonolysis

Ammonolysis refers to solvolysis by ammonia, but can also describe nucleophilic attack by ammonia more generally.  Ammonia boils at −33 °C, and, as such, is rarely used as a solvent in its pure form.  It is, however, readily miscible with water, and is commonly used in the form of a saturated aqueous solution.  For this reason, ammonolysis may be considered as a special case of solvolysis, as the ammonia is itself dissolved in a solvent.  Despite this, the reactions are usually highly selective, due to the greater nucleophilicity of ammonia compared to water.

See also
Electrolysis
Pyrolysis
Nonclassical Ions
List of water-miscible solvents

References

Substitution reactions
SWEET16. SWEET16 is an interpreted byte-code instruction set invented by Steve Wozniak and implemented as part of the Integer BASIC ROM in the Apple II  computers.  It was created because Wozniak needed to manipulate 16-bit pointer data, and the Apple II was an 8-bit computer.

SWEET16 was not used by the core BASIC code, but was later used to implement several utilities. Notable among these was the line renumbering routine, which was included in the Programmer's Aid #1 ROM, added to later Apple II models and available for user installation on earlier examples.

SWEET16 code is executed as if it were running on a 16-bit processor with sixteen internal 16-bit little-endian registers, named  through .  Some registers have well-defined functions:

  – accumulator
  – subroutine stack pointer
  – stores the result of all comparison operations for branch testing
  – status register
  – program counter

The 16 virtual registers, 32 bytes in total, are located in the zero page of the Apple II's real, physical memory map (at –), with values stored as low byte followed by high byte.  The SWEET16 interpreter itself is located from  to  in the Integer BASIC ROM.

According to Wozniak, the SWEET16 implementation is a model of frugal coding, taking up only about 300 bytes in memory.  SWEET16 runs at about one-tenth the speed of the equivalent native 6502 code.

Operators

References

External links
 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Wozpak II — 1979 Call-A.P.P.L.E. booklet that includes "SWEET 16 Introduction" by Dick Sedgewick and a version of "SWEET 16: The 6502 Dream Machine" by Steve Wozniak with longer descriptions of each opcode
 

Apple II software
Interpreters (computing)
Register-based virtual machines
Chatter. Chatter may refer to:
 A person who chats (talks):
 OnlyFans chatter, a person employed to chat with clients by an OnlyFans model
 Project CHATTER (1947–53), a U.S. Navy truth serum project
 The sound of many people chatting, small talk:
 Chatter (signals intelligence), the volume of communication to or from suspected terrorists or spies
 Chatter (software), enterprise social networking software
 Undesirable small rapid vibrations in a mechanical system:
 Chatter (contacts) or contact bounce, a common problem with mechanical switches and relays 
 Chatter (machining), unwanted vibrations while cutting material
 Chattering teeth in response to cold
 Oscillations in sliding mode control
 Valve chatter, rapid opening and closing of a pressure relief valve

See also
 Chat (disambiguation)
Chattering classes, a politically active, socially concerned and highly educated section of the "metropolitan middle class"
Chatter mark, an indication of glacial erosion
Chatter Telephone, a classic roll along pull toy with a friendly face and eyes that move up and down when the toy is pulled.
Railway electrification in Japan. This is a list of railway electrification systems in Japan.

All lines use an overhead line power supply unless otherwise noted. , the rail system consists of the following:

  of , of which  is electrified.
  of , all electrified.
  of  Scotch gauge, all electrified.
  of  narrow gauge, all electrified.

Electrification systems used by the Japan Railways Group, Japan's formerly state-owned operators, are 1,500 V DC and 20 kV AC for conventional lines and mini-Shinkansen, and 25 kV AC for Shinkansen. Electrification at 600 V DC and 750 V DC are also seen in private lines and non-rail based transit systems. The frequency of the AC power supply is 50 Hz in Eastern Japan and 60 Hz in Western Japan.

DC electrified

200 V

440 V

600 V

1,067 mm gauge

1,435 mm gauge

Other gauges

750 V

1,500 V

1,067 mm gauge

1,435 mm gauge

other gauges

AC electrified

600 V 50 Hz

600 V 60 Hz

20 kV, 50 Hz

20 kV, 60 Hz

25 kV, 50 Hz

25 kV, 60 Hz

References 

 
Ele
Japan
F3. F3 or F03 may refer to:

Computing 
 F3, a function key on a computer keyboard
 F3 (language), the working name for JavaFX Script, a scripting language
 Fat-Free Framework, a PHP web application framework

Military 
 Douglas F-3 Havoc, a photographic reconnaissance plane
 Douglas F3D Skyknight (later F-10 Skyknight), a Douglas twin engine, mid-wing jet fighter
 F 3 Malmslätt, a former Swedish Air Force unit
 Felixstowe F.3, a 1917 British First World War flying boat
 Hannover F.3, a World War I German prototype escort fighter 
 HMS Cossack (F03), a 1937 British Royal Navy destroyer
 HMS F3, a British F class submarine
 McDonnell F3H Demon (later F-3 Demon), a United States Navy carrier-based jet fighter
 Mk F3 155mm, French self-propelled gun
 RAF Tornado F3, a British fighter
 USS F-3 (SS-22), a United States Navy submarine
 A future Japanese fighter jet (F-3 or F-X) based on the  i3 conceptual jet fighter and Mitsubishi X-2 prototype

Transportation 
 BYD F3, an automobile
 EMD F3, a North American cab-style diesel locomotive introduced in 1945
 F3 (Istanbul Metro), a funicular railway line in Istanbul, Turkey
 F3 class, project name for the mega-cruise ship Norwegian Epic
 Faso Airways IATA airline designator
 Fokker F.III, a 1921 Dutch single-engine high-winged monoplane aircraft
 Hinterhoeller F3, a yacht design by Canadian boat builder Hinterhoeller Yachts
 MV Agusta F3 series, an Italian sports motorcycle
 Spyder F3, a model of the  three-wheeled motorcycle BRP Can-Am Spyder Roadster
 Sydney Ferries' Parramatta River ferry services, known as the F3
 Pacific Motorway (Sydney–Newcastle), formerly Sydney–Newcastle Freeway and commonly known as F3
 LNER Class F3, a class of British steam locomotives

Arts 
 F3 (Fisz Emade jako Tworzywo Sztuczne album)
 F3 (manga) (F³: Frantic, Frustrated & Female), a hentai manga series
 F3 (film), a 2022 Indian Telugu-language film by Anil Ravipudi, a sequel to F2 (2019)

Other 
 F3 (classification), a wheelchair sport classification
 F3 (font format), created by Folio, Inc
 F3 (gene), a protein
 F3 isoprostane
 F3 Nation, a network of free peer-led workouts for men in the U.S.
 Form, fit and function, an engineering term relating to design processes
 Formula Three, a class of automobile racing
 Forsmark 3, a unit at Forsmark Nuclear Power Plant, Sweden
 Motorola Motofone F3, a mobile phone
 Nikon F3, an SLR camera
 Taito F3 System, a 1992 arcade system board
 A tornado intensity rating on the Fujita scale
F3, a type of formant in speech science
 F3, an EEG electrode site according to the 10-20 system
 F3 Derby, association football rivalry between Central Coast Mariners and Newcastle Jets

See also
F2 (disambiguation)
3F (disambiguation)
AMF. AMF may refer to:
 
 Action Message Format, a protocol for object remoting
 Additive Manufacturing File Format, a protocol for 3D printing
 Advanced Media Framework, AMD's video acceleration technologies including Unified Video Decoder and Video Coding Engine
 Against Malaria Foundation, a charity that raises funds for mosquito bednets
 American Machine and Foundry, a recreational equipment supplier
 AMF Bowling
 Ameriflight, an airline with ICAO code AMF
 Amsterdam Music Festival, an EDM event originating in the Netherlands
 Ammanford railway station, National Rail code
 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, a fungus symbiotic on vascular plant roots
 Arab Monetary Fund
 Asociación Mundial de Fútbol de Salón (World Futsal Association), an international futsal governing body
 Association for the Protection of Mixed Families' Rights
 Australian Military Forces, former name of the Army of Australia (1916–1980)
 Autorité des marchés financiers (France), French financial regulatory agency
 Autorité des marchés financiers (Québec), Canadian province of Quebec financial regulatory agency
 Hollywood Bowl Group, bowling centre operator formerly known as AMF Bowling UK
 Ama Airport in Ama, Papua New Guinea, IATA code AMF
 A murit Finn
DL E&C. DL E&C Co., Ltd. (), formerly the construction division of Daelim Industrial, is a construction company headquartered in Seoul, South Korea.

The fields covered by DL E&C as one of the top EPC companies in Asia to the Middle East include gas, petroleum refining, chemical and petrochemical, power and energy plants, building and housing, civil works, and industrial facilities.

History
The Daelim Group of Industries started out in 1962 from Gyeongsangam-do.

Notable projects
D&L E&C's notable construction projects include the 1915 Çanakkale Bridge, Sepung bridge, Geobukseon bridge, Cheong poong bridge and Brunei's Temburong Bridge. In 2013, Daelim was awarded Malaysia's 3A 1200MW power plant project (US$1.2 billion) and Oman's Sohar Refinery Expansion Project (US$1 billion).

See also
Chaebol

References

External links
 

Conglomerate companies established in 1939
Companies listed on the Korea Exchange
Companies in the KOSPI 200
South Korean brands
Companies based in Seoul
DL Group
1939 establishments in Korea
Companies of Korea under Japanese rule
Berlin 380-kV electric line. The Berlin 380 kV electric line is a 38.3-km double-circuit high-voltage electric three-phase power line in Berlin.  An unusual system for a municipality, it was installed by the West Berlin Bewag utility company during the division of the city. Since 1951, West Berlin had been cut off from the East Berlin and East German power networks, and maintained an independent power generation capacity that was not connected to any other power grid.  Berlin was connected to the western European power grid in 1994, following German reunification, by extending the 380 kV line.

The first section of the line, which entered service in 1977, was an interconnector that consisted of a 2.6 km overhead transmission line and an 8.1 km underground cable, which ran from Reuter power station in Spandau to Mitte substation in Tiergarten ("Mitte" means "central"; the district of Berlin-Mitte was then in East Berlin).  It was the first time plastic insulators had been used. The overhead segment and an adjacent 110-kV line are the only overhead lines in former West Berlin. The underground section used water-cooled cable in an accessible tunnel.  Both substations use totally enclosed SF6-insulated switchgear.  They are the oldest 380 kV substations with SF6 technology in Germany. 
Another speciality of the Berlin power grid is that the first pylon near Reuter power station has been built as a  concrete structure with transversal steel lattice mimicking a chimney for aesthetical reasons.

After German reunification the line was extended 7.6 km further west to Teufelsbruch substation in Spandau Forest, near Berlin's western border, in 1994.  The city was finally relinked to the western German power grid via a new  transmission line to Helmstedt, just across the former inner-German border.

At the same time, the 380 kV line was extended into former East Berlin via a  tunnel to Friedrichshain substation (1998), extended 5.2 km to Marzahn substation in 2000. From Marzahn substation a 12 km long 380 kV overhead powerline was built in 1998 to Neuenhagen substation east of Berlin in order to create a second connector to the Western European grid.  The tunnel is up to 30 m deep, and has a small inspection railway.  After the line was complete, several overhead lines in former East Berlin were dismantled. There are plans for further 380 kV lines to other parts of the high voltage grid north and west of Berlin.

Map

References

External links 

Article about the 1994 connector
Bundeskartellamt article mentioning the cable
Image of work on the  underground cable at Leipziger Straße
Article with images of work on the Marzahn extension
2000 article in German about the completion of the system
Article about the system (in German)
Europe grid map (zoom to show details)

Buildings and structures in Berlin
Electric power transmission systems in Germany
Basile Bouchon. Basile Bouchon () (or Boachon) was a textile worker in the silk center in Lyon who invented a way to control a loom with a perforated paper tape in 1725.  The son of an organ maker, Bouchon partially automated the tedious setting up process of the drawloom in which an operator lifted the warp threads using cords.

This development is considered to be the first industrial application of a semi-automated machine.

The cords of the warp were passed through the eyes of horizontal needles arranged to slide in a box. These were either raised or not depending on whether there was not or was a hole in the tape at that point. This was similar to the piano roll developed at the end of the 19th century and may have been inspired by the patterns that were traditionally drawn on squared paper.

Three years later, his assistant Jean-Baptiste Falcon expanded the number of cords that could be handled by arranging the holes in rows and using rectangular cards that were joined together in an endless loop.

Though this eliminated mistakes in the lifting of threads, it still needed an extra operator to control it and the first attempt at automation was made by Jacques Vaucanson in 1745. But it was not until 1805 that the wildly successful Jacquard mechanism was finally produced.

References

Further reading 

Poncelet, Jean-Victor, Travaux de la Commission Française.  L’Exposition Universelle de 1851, vol. 3, part 1 (Machines et outils appliqués aux arts textiles), section 2, pages 348-349 (1857).  [Poncelet's history of the Jacquard loom is the basis for most subsequent accounts.]
Usher, Abbot Payson.  A History of Mechanical Inventions. Revised edition. (Mineola, N.Y.:  Dover Publications, Inc., 1988), pages 289-291.  (Originally published in 1929 by Harvard University Press in Cambridge, Mass.)
Randell, Brian, ed. The Origins of Digital Computers: Selected Papers, 3rd ed. (N.Y., N.Y.:  Springer-Verlag, 1982), page 5.
Eymard, Paul (1863) “Historique du métier Jacquard”  Annales des Sciences physiques et naturelles*, 3rd series, vol. 7, pages 34–56; see especially page 37. (* published in Lyon, France by Barret)
Ballot, Charles.  L’introduction du machinisme dans l’industrie française.  (Lille-Paris:  F. Rieder, 1923), page 339.
Ballot, Charles.  Revue d'histoire de Lyon: Études, Documents, Bibliographie (Lyon, France:  A. Rey et Co., 1913), vol. 2, pages 6–10.
Barlow, Alfred.  The History and Principles of Weaving by Hand and by Power (London, England: Kessinger Publishing, 2007).  See Chapter 11.  (Originally published in 1876 by Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington in London.)
History of Computers

External links
Photograph of replica of Bouchon loom 

18th-century French inventors
Textile workers
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Engineers from Lyon