omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Aero Adventure Aventura. The Aero Adventure Aventura is a family of ultralight amphibians marketed as a kit aircraft by Aero Adventure of DeLand, Florida. The aircraft was designed by Bob Bailey in 1995.

The aircraft are high-wing flying boats of pusher configuration available in both single and two-seat models. Its design heritage stretches back to the Advanced Aeromarine Buccaneer amphibian ultralights.

Design
Introduced in 1995, the single-seat Aventura has repositionable main landing gear, down for runways and up for landing on water. The steerable tail wheel is retractable in concert with the repositioning of the main gear. There is no water rudder. The wing is an aluminium frame covered with pre-sewn Dacron envelopes. The hull is constructed from fibreglass and the wingtip floats are polyethylene. The remainder of the structure is anodized aluminium tubing, bolted together. Controls are conventional three-axis, with full span ailerons and no flaps. The company claims that the fast-build kit can be constructed in 90 hours.

The two-seat Aventura II was introduced in 1996 and is similar to the single seater, but with a wider cabin and hull for two occupants in side-by-side configuration. The two-seater also features flaps to reduce landing speeds. The company claims 130 hours to build the two-seater from the kit.

Variants
Aventura UL
Single seater optimised for the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicle category, with an empty weight of . Engines include the original  Rotax 277 in early models and the  Rotax 447 currently. 90 had been completed and flown by the end of 2011.
Aventura HP
Single seater intended to be registered as an amateur-built aircraft. Standard engines are the  Rotax 503  Rotax 582. 42 had been completed and flown by the end of 2011.
Aventura Sport
Two-seater marketed as the simplest and lightest model in the line-up. Standard engine is the  Rotax 582. 215 had been completed and flown by the end of 2011.
Aventura II
Two-seater with some options included as standard features. Standard engine is the  four-stroke Rotax 912ULS.
Aventura XLR
Limited edition two-seater with many extras as standard features, including a new style engine cowling, custom graphics package, redesigned instrument panel including GPS, vertical speed indicator and a mode-C transponder, electric landing gear retraction, gear indicator lights, differential hydraulic brakes, carpeting and a headliner. The standard engine is the  four-stroke Rotax 912ULS.
Aventura AVZ
Model with top-of-the-line equipment as standard.

Specifications (Aventura HP)

See also

References

External links

High-wing aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Amphibious aircraft
1990s United States ultralight aircraft
Aventura
Flying boats
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Aero Adventure Pegasus. The Aero Adventure Pegasus is a small civil utility aircraft  under development in the United States for sale as a kitplane. Of conventional monoplane configuration and composite construction, the Pegasus will seat its pilot and passenger in tandem and be available with a choice of two different wings, a longer wing for extended range, and a shorter wing for increased maneuverability.

Specifications (as designed, long wing)

See also

References

Homebuilt aircraft
2000s United States civil utility aircraft
Pegasus
UXB. UXB may refer to:

 Unexploded bomb, an explosive weapon that did not explode when it was employed and still poses a risk of detonation
 Uxbridge tube station, England, London Underground station code
 Danger UXB, a 1979 British ITV television series about a squad of Royal Engineers with the duty of defusing unexploded ordnance
 "UXB", a song by Raven from their 1982 album Wiped Out
Władysław Natanson. Władysław Natanson (1864–1937) was a Polish physicist.

Life
He came from a Jewish family of bankers, being the grandson of Samuel Natanson (1795–1879), the son of Ludwik Natanson (1821–1896), a physician, and Natalia Epstein. His brother was the industrialist Edward Natanson (1861–1940), father of physicist Ludwik Karol Natanson (1905–1992).

Natanson was head of Theoretical Physics at Kraków University from 1899 to 1935.

He published a series of papers on thermodynamically irreversible processes, gaining him recognition in the rapidly growing field. He was the first to consider the distinguishability of energy quanta in the statistical analysis of elementary processes, a precursor of the concept of quantum indistinguishability.  He discovered a quantum statistics, rediscovered 11 years later by Satyendra Nath Bose and generalized by Albert Einstein though his derivation was not in terms of einstein's light quanta aka photons – the Bose–Einstein statistics.

See also
List of Poles (physicicsts)

Notes

Members of the Lwów Scientific Society
1864 births
1937 deaths
Academic staff of Jagiellonian University
Rectors of the Jagiellonian University
19th-century Polish physicists
20th-century Polish physicists
Physicists from Austria-Hungary
Walter Golaski. Walter Michael Golaski (12 August 1913 – 22 September 1996) was an American Mechanical-Bio-Medical Engineer best known for developing Dense Knit Dacron Vascular Prostheses, which were the first practical artificial blood vessel replacements. Golaski died near Philadelphia in 1996 at the age of 83.

Early life and education
Golaski was born in Torrington, Connecticut in 1913 to Paul (né Golaszewski) and Helena (née Kulesza). His parents emigrated to the United States in 1906 from "Golasie", a village in Poland. He had 5 siblings: Stephina, Tessie, Edmond, Edward, and Julius. At 16, during the Great Depression, he took a job as a needle mechanic at the Torrington Company, a knitting needle manufacturer, where he soon developed new ideas for the automatic needle manufacturing industry. In 1939, Torrington transferred him to Philadelphia and promoted him to manager, and he enrolled in Drexel University's Mechanical Engineering evening school. He graduated in 1946; Drexel later honored him with many alumni awards.

Inventions
In 1940, Golaski developed a process for rebuilding hosiery machines to enable the knitting industry to make the switch from silk to nylon. In 1945 he opened the Bearing Products Company and with the profits later in 1956 bought and reorganized the Overbrook Knitting Corporation in order to convert existing machinery to produce full fashioned knitted sweaters. He was granted 10 American, 1 British and 2 Canadian patents.

Golaski is best known for the product he developed next, the densely knit Dacron arteries, which he sold through his company Golaski Laboratories. Until this invention, the available replacement blood vessels were stiff, woven, and not sufficiently porous. The Golaski graft offered patients longer life expectancy than any other on the market.

Golaski's business flourished after his invention. He served as Chairman of the Kosciuszko Foundation, in "which [he] encouraged the exchange of students and scholars between the United States and Poland."  He helped show Poland in a positive light to America in that "Americans of all ethnic backgrounds were encouraged to participate in the Foundation's programs and experience Polish culture directly."

Personal life
In 1942, Golaski married Helene Dolores Ambrose, (1915-1968). They had a daughter, Michelle Starr Helen. In her memory, he donated a painting, Young Lady at the Fireplace (Wladyslaw Czachorski, 1882) to the Kosciusko Foundation. He later married Alexandra Budna Golaski with whom he had three children, Alexandra, Johnpaul, and Edmund. His son, Johnpaul is a freelance sound mixer for the film industry.

Legacy 
On May 17th, 2014, a historical marker was erected on Lancaster Walk in honor of Golaski, commemorating his achievement in medical engineering,

References

1913 births
1996 deaths
20th-century American engineers
Drexel University alumni
People from Torrington, Connecticut
Engineers from Connecticut
Inventors from Connecticut
Oaklisp. Oaklisp is a message based portable object-oriented Scheme developed by Kevin J. Lang and Barak A. Pearlmutter while Computer Science PhD students at Carnegie Mellon University.  Oaklisp uses a superset of Scheme syntax.  It is based on generic operations rather than functions, and features anonymous classes, multiple inheritance, a strong error system, setters and locators for operations, and a facility for dynamic binding.

Version 1.2 includes an interface, bytecode compiler, run-time system and documentation.

References

External links
Oaklisp homepage

Scheme (programming language) implementations
Object-oriented programming languages
OBJ (programming language). OBJ is a programming language family introduced by Joseph Goguen in 1976, and further worked on by Jose Meseguer.

Overview
It is a family of declarative "ultra high-level" languages. It features abstract types, generic modules, subsorts (subtypes with multiple inheritance), pattern-matching modulo equations, E-strategies (user control over laziness), module expressions (for combining modules), theories and views (for describing module interfaces) for the massively parallel RRM (rewrite rule machine).
 
Members of the OBJ family of languages include CafeOBJ, Eqlog, FOOPS, Kumo, Maude, OBJ2, and OBJ3.

OBJ2

OBJ2 is a programming language with Clear-like parametrised modules and a functional system based on equations.

OBJ3
OBJ3 is a version of OBJ based on order-sorted rewriting. OBJ3 is agent-oriented and runs on Kyoto Common Lisp AKCL.

See also
 Automated theorem proving
 Comparison of programming languages
 Formal methods

References

 J. A. Goguen, Higher-Order Functions Considered Unnecessary for Higher-Order Programming. In Research Topics in Functional Programming (June 1990). pp. 309–351.
"Principles of OBJ2", K. Futatsugi et al., 12th POPL, ACM 1985, pp. 52–66.

External links
The OBJ archive
The OBJ family
Information and OBJ3 manual, PostScript format

Academic programming languages
Functional languages
Logic in computer science
Formal specification languages
Theorem proving software systems
Term-rewriting programming languages
Object Lisp. Object Lisp was a computer programming language, a dialect of the Lisp language. It was an object-oriented extension for the Lisp dialect Lisp Machine Lisp, designed by Lisp Machines, Inc. Object Lisp was also an early example of prototype-based programming.

It was seen as a competitor to other object-oriented extensions to Lisp at around the same time such as Flavors, in use by Symbolics, Common Objects developed by Hewlett-Packard, and CommonLoops, in use by Xerox.

Object Lisp was also used in early versions of Macintosh Common Lisp. There, the user interface toolkit was written using Object Lisp.

References

14 December 1985 net.lang.lisp USENET post about the Common Lisp meeting in Boston, 9-11 December 1985, which discusses Object Lisp
"ObjectLISP User Manual", G. Drescher, LMI 1985

Object-oriented programming languages
Lisp programming language family
Integrated Project Support Environment. The Integrated Project Support Environment (IPSE) is a set of management and technical tools to support software development, usually integrated in a coherent framework, equivalent to a Software Engineering Environment.

Influential IPSE research was done in the IPSE2.5 project, part of the Alvey programme.  The name IPSE2.5 is due directly to the identification in the Alvey programme of three generations of IPSEs.  The IPSE2.5 project lay somewhere between the second generation (characterised by the use of databases to support the core) and the third generation (characterised by the use of expert systems techniques).  IPSE2.5 is credited with defining early versions of the Role and Interaction concepts later used in human interaction management.

External links 
 "The IPSE 2.5 Project : Process Modelling as the basis for a Support Environment", Brian Warboys, Published in Proceedings of the First International Conference on System Development Environments and Factories SDEF1, May 1989, Berlin, Pitman 1990.

Integrated development environments
Object-Oriented Fortran. Object-Oriented Fortran was an object-oriented extension of Fortran produced by Absoft Corporation as part of their series of Fortran compilers. In Object-Oriented Fortran, data items could be grouped into objects, which can be instantiated and executed in parallel. It was available for Sun, Iris, iPSC, and nCUBE, but is no longer supported.

Object-oriented features are now fully integrated into standard Fortran, since Fortran 2003.

References

Fortran programming language family
Le Lisp. Le Lisp (also Le_Lisp and Le-Lisp) is a programming language, a dialect of the language Lisp.

Programming language
It was developed at the French Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation (INRIA), to be an implementation language for a very large scale integration (VLSI) workstation being designed under the direction of Jean Vuillemin. Le Lisp also had to run on various incompatible platforms (mostly running Unix operating systems) that were used by the project. The main goals for the language were to be a powerful post-Maclisp version of Lisp that would be portable, compatible, extensible, and efficient.

Jérôme Chailloux led the Le Lisp team, working with Emmanuel St. James, Matthieu Devin, and Jean-Marie Hullot in 1980. The dialect is historically noteworthy as one of the first Lisp implementations to be available on both the Apple II and the IBM PC.

On 2020-01-08, INRIA agreed to migrate the source code to the 2-clause BSD License which allowed few native ports from ILOG and Eligis to adopt this license model.

References

External links
 , Eligis, for x86 processors
 Le Lisp at Computer History Museum's Software Preservation Group
 Le-Lisp Open Source repository on GitHub

Lisp programming language family
Lisp (programming language)
QUIKTRAN. QUIKTRAN is a Fortran-like, interactive computer programming language with debugging facilities.  

More than a Fortran-based programming language, QUIKTRAN was IBM's first entry in on-line Time Sharing in the 1960s.  It ran on an IBM 7040/7044, using an IBM 7740 as a dial up communications processor. In 1967 an IBM data center supported over 400 commercial customers in a time-sharing environment; users could dial up and log into the Quiktran system.  They could store their own Fortran programs in private libraries for later execution, or execute numerous IBM-supplied programs for applications including linear programming, communication network design, and business programs.  The system on the receiving end allowed teletype or typewriter keyboards using data phones or acoustic modems to connect. It could support approximately 50 simultaneous users, The hardware used was an IBM 1301 40-platter disk for storage, and an IBM 7320 Magnetic Drum for program swapping.  The QUIKTRAN system was superseded by Call/360.  Quiktran and Call/360 were supported by Service Bureau Corp., a wholly owned subsidiary of IBM.  SBC was later sold to Minneapolis-based company (Control Data Corporation).
Source:  Burt McGregor

References
Sammet 1969, p.226.

External links
 History of Programming Languages: QUIKTRAN

Fortran programming language family
Procedural programming languages
Programming languages created in 1964
QUIKSCRIPT. QUIKSCRIPT is a simulation language derived from SIMSCRIPT, based on 20-GATE. It is a programming language for the 1960s Bendix G-20 computer

References 

 "Quikscript - A Simscript-like Language for the G-20", F.M. Tonge et al., Communications of the ACM 8(6):350–354 (June 1965).

Simulation programming languages
SIMSCRIPT. SIMSCRIPT is a free-form, English-like general-purpose simulation language conceived by Harry Markowitz and Bernard Hausner at the RAND Corporation in 1962. It was implemented as a Fortran preprocessor on the IBM 7090 and was designed for large discrete event simulations. It influenced Simula.

Though earlier versions were released into the public domain, SIMSCRIPT was commercialized by Markowitz's company, California Analysis Center, Inc. (CACI), which produced proprietary versions SIMSCRIPT I.5 and SIMSCRIPT II.5.

SIMSCRIPT II.5
SIMSCRIPT II.5 was the last pre-PC incarnation of SIMSCRIPT, one of the oldest computer simulation languages.  Although military contractor CACI released it in 1971, it still enjoys wide use in large-scale military and air-traffic control simulations.

SIMSCRIPT II.5 is a powerful, free-form, English-like, general-purpose simulation programming language. It supports the application of software engineering principles, such as structured programming and modularity, which impart orderliness and manageability to simulation models.

SIMSCRIPT III
SIMSCRIPT III Release 4.0 was available by 2009, and by then it ran on Windows 7, SUN OS and Linux and has object-oriented features.

By 1997, SIMSCRIPT III already had a GUI interface to its compiler. The latest version is Release 5; earlier versions already supported 64-bit processing.

PL/I implementation
A PL/I implementation was developed during 1968–1969, based on the public domain version released by RAND corporation.

See also
 QUIKSCRIPT
 GPSS

References

External links
 CACI SIMSCRIPT page
 History of Programming Languages: SIMSCRIPT
 Oral history interview with Harry M. Markowitz, Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota - Markowitz discusses his development of portfolio theory, sparse matrices, and his work at the RAND Corporation and elsewhere on simulation software development (including computer language SIMSCRIPT), modeling, and operations research.

Fortran
Simulation programming languages
PROMAL. PROMAL (PROgrammer's Microapplication Language) is a structured programming language from Systems Management Associates for MS-DOS, Commodore 64, and Apple II. PROMAL features simple syntax, no line numbers, long variable names, functions and procedures with argument passing, real number type, arrays, strings, pointer, and a built-in I/O library. Like ABC and Python, indentation is part of the language syntax.

The language uses a single-pass compiler to generate byte code that is interpreted when the program is run. The compiler can compile to/from disk and memory. The software package for C64 includes a full-screen editor and command shell.

Reception
Ahoy! called PROMAL for the Commodore 64 "one of the best" structured languages. It concluded "As an introduction to structured programming languages and as an alternative to BASIC, PROMAL is well worth the time needed to learn it and the $49.95 to purchase it".

Example code
From the PROMAL program disk:

  PROGRAM SIEVE
    ; Sieve of Eratosthenes Benchmark
    ; test (BYTE magazine)
    ; 10 iterations, 1800 element array.
  INCLUDE LIBRARY
  CON SIZE=1800
  WORD I
  WORD J
  WORD PRIME
  WORD K
  WORD COUNT
  BYTE FLAGS[SIZE]
  
  BEGIN
  OUTPUT "10 ITERATIONS"
  FOR J= 1 TO 10
    COUNT=0
    FILL FLAGS, SIZE, TRUE
    FOR I= 0 TO SIZE
      IF FLAGS[I]
        PRIME=I+I+3
        K=I+PRIME
        WHILE K <= SIZE
          FLAGS[K]=FALSE
          K=K+PRIME
        COUNT=COUNT+1
  OUTPUT "#C#I PRIMES", COUNT
  END

References

Computer Language, Mar 1986, pp. 128–134

External links 
PROMAL for the Commodore 64
PROMAL - Trademark Details

C programming language family
C*. C* (or C-star) is a data-parallel superset of ANSI C with synchronous semantics.

History
It was developed in 1987 as an alternative language to *Lisp and CM-Fortran for the Connection Machine CM-2 and above. The language C* adds to C a "domain" data type and a selection statement for parallel execution in domains.

For the CM-2 models the C* compiler translated the code into serial C, calling PARIS (Parallel Instruction Set) functions, and passed the resulting code to the front end computer's native compiler. The resulting executables were executed on the front end computer with PARIS calls being executed on the Connection Machine.

On the CM-5 and CM-5E parallel C* Code was executed in a SIMD style fashion on processing elements, whereas serial code was executed on the PM (Partition Manager) Node, with the PM acting as a "front end" if directly compared to a CM-2.
The latest version of C* as of 27 August 1993 is 6.x.
An unimplemented language dubbed "Parallel C" (not to be confused with Unified Parallel C) influenced the design of C*. Dataparallel-C was based on C*.

References

General
 C*: An Extended C Language for Data Parallel Programming, John R. Rose and Guy L. Steele, Jr., in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Supercomputing, vol. II, L. P. Kartashev et al. eds, May 1987, pp 2–16.
 C* User Guide, Thinking Machines Corporation, 1991
 C* Programming Manual, Thinking Machines Corporation, 1993.
 The Art of Parallel Programming (2nd Ed.), B. P. Lester, 1st World Publishing, 2006.  (A downloadable version of the "C* Compiler and Parallel Computer Simulation System" is available at the publisher's Web site.)
 C*, Guy L. Steele, Jr., in Encyclopedia of Parallel Computing, D. Padua, ed., Springer, 2011, pp 207–212.

Concurrent programming languages
CAD/CAM. CAD/CAM refers to the integration of computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM). Both of these require powerful computers. CAD software helps designers and draftsmen; CAM "reduces manpower costs" in the manufacturing process.

Overview
Both CAD and CAM are computer-intensive. Although, in 1981, Computervision was #1 and IBM was #2, IBM had a major advantage: its systems could accommodate "eight to 20" users at a time, whereas most competitors only had enough power to accommodate "four to six." CAD/CAM was described by The New York Times as a "computerized design and manufacturing process" that made its debut "when Computervision pioneered it in the 1970's."

Other 1980s major players in CAD/CAM included General Electric and Parametric Technology Corporation; the latter subsequently acquired Computervision, which had been acquired by Prime Computer.

CAD/CAM originated in the 1960s; an IBM 360/44 was used to build via CNC the wings of an airplane.

Computer-aided design (CAD)

One goal of CAD is to allow quicker iterations in the design process; another is to enable smoothly transitioning to the CAM stage. Although manually created drawings historically facilitated "a designer's goal of displaying an idea," it did not result in a machine-readable result that could be modified
and subsequently be used to directly build a prototype. It can also be used to "ensure that all the separate parts of a product will fit together as intended."

CAD, when linked with simulation, can also enable bypassing building a less than satisfactory test version, resulting in having "dispensed with the costly, time-consuming task of building a prototype."<ref

Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)

In Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), using computerized specifications, a computer directs machines such as lathes and milling machines to perform work that otherwise would be controlled by a lathe or milling machine operator. This process, which is called Numerical Control (NC OR CNC), is what came to  be known as 20th century Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), and it originated in the 1960s. Early 21st century CAM introduced use of 3D printers.

CAM, although it requires initial expenditures for equipment, covers this outlay with reduced labor cost and speedy transition from
CAD to finished product, especially when the result is both timely and "ensuring one-time machining success rate."

See also
 Computer-aided technologies
 CAD/CAM dentistry
 CAD/CAM in the footwear industry

References

Computer-aided design
Computer-aided manufacturing
Computer-aided engineering