omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Royal Staff Corps. The Royal Staff Corps was a corps of the British Army responsible for military engineering which was founded in  and disbanded in . At the time, the Royal Engineers and Corps of Royal Sappers and Miners were administered as part of the Board of Ordnance. Relations between the Ordnance and the Commander-in-Chief of the Forces, Prince Frederick, Duke of York, were poor and a major motivation for the Corps' creation was to provide a source of engineering expertise under his direct control. It was generally responsible for short-term military engineering works, with the Royal Engineers and Corps of Royal Sappers and Miners remaining responsible for permanent works, but the boundaries between the functions of the corps were blurred. The Royal Staff Corps answered to the Quartermaster-General instead of to the Board of Ordnance. On its disbandment, most of its personnel transferred to the Royal Engineers and the Corps of Royal Sappers and Miners.

References 

British administrative corps
Royal Engineers
Bhoj Reddy Engineering College for Women. Bhoj Reddy Engineering College for Women, established in 1997, is an engineering college for women located in Hyderabad, India.

Administration 
Bhoj Reddy is run by the voluntary group Sangam Laxmibai Vidyapeet with the aim of promoting female education.

See also 
Education in India
Literacy in India
List of institutions of higher education in Telangana

References

External links

Engineering colleges in Hyderabad, India
All India Council for Technical Education
Women's engineering colleges in India
Women's universities and colleges in Telangana
Universities and colleges established in 1997
1997 establishments in Andhra Pradesh
Ogden hyperelastic model. The Ogden material model is a hyperelastic material model used to describe the non-linear stress–strain behaviour of complex materials such as rubbers, polymers, and biological tissue.  The model was developed by Raymond Ogden in 1972. The Ogden model, like other hyperelastic material models, assumes that the material behaviour can be described by means of a strain energy density function, from which the stress–strain relationships can be derived.

Ogden material model 

In the Ogden material model, the strain energy density is expressed in terms of the principal stretches ,  as:

where ,  and  are material constants. Under the assumption of incompressibility one can rewrite as

In general the shear modulus results from

With  and by fitting the material parameters, the material behaviour of rubbers can be described very accurately. For particular values of material constants the Ogden model will reduce to either the Neo-Hookean solid (, ) or the Mooney-Rivlin material (, , , with the constraint condition ).

Using the Ogden material model, the three principal values of the Cauchy stresses can now be computed as

.

Uniaxial tension 

We now consider an incompressible material under uniaxial tension, with the stretch ratio given as , where  is the stretched length and  is the original unstretched length. The pressure  is determined from incompressibility and boundary condition , yielding:

.

Equi-biaxial tension 

Considering an incompressible material under eqi-biaxial tension, with . The pressure  is determined from incompressibility, and boundary condition , gives:

.

Other hyperelastic models 

For rubber and biological materials, more sophisticated models are necessary. Such materials may exhibit a non-linear stress–strain behaviour at modest strains, or are elastic up to huge strains. These complex non-linear stress–strain behaviours need to be accommodated by specifically tailored strain-energy density functions.

The simplest of these hyperelastic models, is the Neo-Hookean solid.

where  is the shear modulus, which can be determined by experiments. From experiments it is known that for rubbery materials under moderate straining up to 30–70%, the Neo-Hookean model usually fits the material behaviour with sufficient accuracy. To model rubber at high strains, the one-parametric Neo-Hookean model is replaced by more general models, such as the Mooney-Rivlin solid where the strain energy  is a linear combination of two invariants

The Mooney-Rivlin material was originally also developed for rubber, but is today often applied to model (incompressible) biological tissue. For modeling rubbery and biological materials at even higher strains, the more sophisticated Ogden material model has been developed.

References 

 F. Cirak: Lecture Notes for 5R14: Non-linear solid mechanics, University of Cambridge.
 R.W. Ogden: Non-Linear Elastic Deformations, 

Continuum mechanics
Solid mechanics
VI Technology. VI Technology was a privately owned company based in Austin, Texas, that provided enterprise test solutions and services. These solutions ranged from benchtop test systems to enterprise-wide test solutions.   VI Technology's main product, Arendar, was used by engineering teams in design, characterization, validation, and manufacturing.  Working together with key partners, Microsoft and National Instruments, VI Technology had worked with companies from the semiconductor, communications, high-tech electronics, defense, biomedical, and automotive industries. VI Technology original corporate headquarters was located in Austin, Texas, with branch locations in Dallas, Texas, and Mountain View, California.

VI Technology was bought by Aeroflex in 2009.

History
VI Technology was founded in Austin, Texas, in 1991 by an electrical engineer and a computer scientist from the University of Texas. Founded to develop software instrument drivers for measurement instruments, the company expanded to develop automated test systems and enterprise test data management solutions for industry.

Enterprise Test
Enterprise test is a concept that combines automated test systems and information technology to solve company-wide test problems. This concept extends the main goal of traditional test instrumentation and software which solve the problems related to individual test stations.

The idea of enterprise test encompasses multiple aspects such as enterprise test software, enterprise software platforms, engineering and business intelligence consulting services, data management, collaboration, workflow, reporting capabilities, and asset management all focused on solving the enterprise-wide testing needs.

Arendar
Arendar is Enterprise test software which enables users to make reports and share test data throughout the organization through drag-and-drop report creation and Web-based accessibility. The enterprise test solution consists of a server module built on Microsoft SQL Server database with extensions for SQL Server Reporting Services and interfaces to standard automated test software including National Instruments LabVIEW, TestStand, LabWindows/CVI, and Microsoft Visual Studio .NET. Arendar uses a Web dashboard that enables users to display test results over the Web in advanced reports which automatically update with the latest data acquired from all test systems. Authorized users can access test results from anywhere on the network using a Microsoft Internet Explorer or Mozilla Firefox Web browser. Arendar was a Test and Measurement World Award Winner for Best in Test in 2004 and an Honorable Mention for Best in Test in 2006.

External links
 Aeroflex

References

Defunct companies based in Texas
Companies based in Austin, Texas
Schreyerite. Schreyerite (V2Ti3O9), is a vanadium, titanium oxide mineral found in the Lasamba Hill, Kwale district in Coast Province, Kenya. It is polymorphous with kyzylkumite. 

The mineral occurs as exsolution lamellae and particles in rutile, coexisting with kyanite, sillimanite, and tourmaline in a highly metamorphosed gneiss. It was named after German mineralogist and petrologist Werner Schreyer, for his research on mineralogy of rock-forming minerals and petrology of metamorphic rocks both in nature and by experiment.

Introduction
Investigation of deposits of green vanadium-bearing kornerupine, revealed the presence of a new vanadium mineral through observations in reflected light. Schreyerite was first discovered in the Kwale district, Kenya. Polymorphous with kyzylkumite, it occurs in highly twinned unmixed grains in vanadium-bearing rutile that occurs as idiomorphic crystals in kornerupine-bearing quartz-biotite-sillimanite gneiss. It also occurs in a pyrite deposit at Sartra, Sweden, in a Pb-Zn ore deposit at Rampura Agucha, India, and recently in metamorphic rocks of the Ol’khon complex on the western shore of Lake Baikal, Russia. Instead of the usual intergrowths with rutile, single crystals of schreyerite were found, associated with titanite.

Optical and physical properties
Schreyerite is a reddish-brown, opaque mineral with metallic luster. Its reflectivity is slightly lower than rutile, and as a result, it is mostly gray. Pleochroism is weak: yellowish brown to reddish brown. When immersed in oil, the contrasts between rutile and schreyerite become clearer, and the color becomes more intense.

With crossed polarizers, moderate anisotropism becomes evident, so that the very fine lamellar twinning becomes distinct. It has hardness of 7 and calculated specific gravity of 4.46.

References

Medenbach, O. and K. Schmetzer (1978) Schreyerite, V2Ti3O9, a new mineral. American Mineralogist, Volume 63, pages I182-l186, 1978
Bernhardt, H.-J., K. Schmetzer, and O. Medenbach (1983) Berdesinskiite, V2TiO5, a new mineral from Kenya and additional data for schreyerite, V2Ti3O9.
Grey, L E. and A. F. Reid (1972) Shear structure compounds (Cr,Fe)2Tin-2O2n-1, derived from the a-PbO2 structural type. J. Solid State. 4, 186–194
Dobelin N, Reznitsky L Z, Sklyarov E V, Armbruster T, Medenbach OAmerican (2006) Schreyerite, V2Ti3O9: New occurrence and crystal structure. American Mineralogist, (91) 196–202

Oxide minerals
Vanadium minerals
Titanium minerals
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 15
Polymorphism (materials science)
Fazia. FAZIA stands for the Four Pi A and Z Identification Array.

This is a project which aims at building a new 4pi particle detector for charged particles. It will operate in the domain of heavy-ion induced reactions around the Fermi energy. It groups together more than 10 institutions worldwide in Nuclear Physics. It is planned to work in 2013-2014, coincidentally to the advent of new high intensity particle accelerators for radioactive nuclear beams. A large effort on research and development is currently made, especially on digital electronics and pulse shape analysis, in order to improve the detection capabilities of such particle detectors in different domains, such as charge and mass identification, lower energy thresholds, as well as improved energetic and angular resolutions.

References
 G. Poggi (INFN Firenze, Italy), Isospin effects : toward a new generation array, Proceedings to the XVth GANIL Colloque, Giens, June 2006
 O. Lopez (LPC Caen, France), FAZIA for EURISOL: Physics cases, EURISOL Town Meeting, Task 10 (Physics and Instrumentation), CERN, November 2006
 L. Bardelli(INFN Firenze, Italy), FAZIA for EURISOL : Instrumentation, EURISOL Town Meeting, Task 10 (Physics and Instrumentation), CERN, November 2006
 G. Verde (GANIL, France), presentation for the SPIRAL2 meeting, GANIL, October 2006

External links
 FAZIA collaboration official website

Physics organizations
Nuclear physics
CARMAM Aiglon. 

The CARMAM 15-36 Aiglon ("Eaglet") was a French sailplane produced in the 1970s. It was designed as a private venture by the technical directors of CARMAM, intending it to be a simple and easy-to-fly basic glider for aeroclub use. It was a conventional sailplane design of fibreglass construction throughout, with a low tail.

A variant was also marketed for homebuilding as the 15-34 Kit-Club. Pottier revised the original design to simplify it somewhat, and replaced much of the fibreglass structure with a plywood fuselage and fabric-covered wing and tail. These structural changes resulted in a weight penalty of around 30 kg (66 lb), but performance remained very similar.

Variants
15-36Abasic production version
15-36AR15-36A with provision for 55 kg (121 lb) of water ballast
15-3415-36A redesigned for homebuilding

Specifications (15-36A)

References

See also

1970s French sailplanes
Glider aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1974
CARMAM 15-38. 

The CARMAM 15-38 was a French sailplane built in the late 1970s. It utilised the wing design of the CARMAM Aiglon but had an all-new fuselage. Like the Aiglon, this was of fibreglass construction throughout. The 15-38 was easily distinguished from its predecessor by a more streamlined nose and a T-tail.

Specifications

References

See also

1970s French sailplanes
Glider aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1979
T-tail aircraft
Panethite. Panethite, chemical formula , is a rare phosphate mineral that was only found in one meteorite on Earth. It was originally found in the Dayton meteorite in Ohio. It is classified as H-M symbol (2/m) with space group of P21/n. It is amber in color. It was named in the honor of Friedrich Adolf Paneth (1887–1958), a German chemist who made many contributions toward the discovery of the origin of the universe, and especially studies of meteorites.

Structure
Using X-ray diffraction, the unit cell and the space group parameters were determined. The strongest lines of the X-ray were 5.10(6), 3.236(5), 3.007(10), 2.749, 2.710(7) (American Mineralogist, 509). But the error of the cell lengths were relatively high due to twinning and some disorder in the grains examined. Panethite has a monoclinic crystal system with a0=10.18 ±0.01Å, b0=14.90 ±0.02Å, c0=25.87 ±0.03Å and β =91.1˚, and its space group P21/n. Within the error that accompanied the microprobe analysis, the X-ray density was found to be 2.99g/ml.

Properties
Both brianite and panethite were clear and transparent with no crystal faces; and neither present any discernible cleavage. Panethite is a biaxial negative, pale amber in its color and the estimated 2V was approximated to be 51˚. The refractive indices are α=1.567, β=1.576, γ = 1.579 all ±0.001 (Fuchs, 1967). Even though panethite lacks the lamellar structure that brianite shows, panethite shows simple twinning. The higher refractive indices along with the lamellae structure of brianite help us to distinguish these two minerals apart under the microscope. The specific gravity of panethite was between 2.90 and 3.0. Both minerals were insoluble in water. Panethite and brianite are the minerals known to have the greatest amount of sodium content in meteorites (Fuchs, 1967).

Panethite was named after the then director of the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany, Friedrich Adolf Paneth (1887-1958).

See also
 Glossary of meteoritics

References

Fuchs, Louis H.(1967) On the occurrence of Brianite and Panethite, two new phosphate minerals from the Dayton meteorite. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 31, 1711-1719.
Fuchs, Louis H. (1968) Panethite. American Mineralogist, 53, 509

Phosphate minerals
Meteorite minerals
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 14
CARMAM. 
Société CARMAM (Coopérative d'Approvisionnement et de Réparation de Matériel Aéronautique de Moulins) was a French sailplane manufacturer established at Moulins in the early 1970s. The firm originally manufactured the Aeromere M-100S and M-200 Foehn under licence, but eventually produced its own designs, the Aiglon and 15-38, as well as producing components for German manufacturer Glasflügel.

References
 

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of France
Scott Sports. Scott Sports SA (formerly Scott USA) is a producer of bicycles, winter equipment, motorsports gear and sportswear. The company's main office is in Givisiez, Switzerland, with branches in Europe, the United States, South Africa and India.

History

In 1958, engineer and skier Ed Scott from Sun Valley, Idaho, invented a ski pole made of aluminium instead of bamboo or steel that proved popular. The company produced sporting goods in many fields. In 1970, Scott sold their first protection goggles for motocross riders.

Scott expanded to Europe in 1978, settling their headquarters in Fribourg, Switzerland.

In 1990, Scott introduced the clip-on, aerodynamic bicycle handlebar. The handlebar was used by American Greg LeMond in his 1989 Tour de France win, when he beat Frenchman Laurent Fignon by over a minute in the 24.5 km final time trial. Previous to this event it was widely used in triathlon and Race Across America.

In 1991, Scott produced their first suspension fork named "Unishock" and a year later, their first full-suspension mountain bicycle was shown to the public.

Its 2001 Team Issue road bike frame was the lightest frame available at the time at 895 grams.

In 2005 the name 'Scott USA' was changed to 'Scott Sports', representing a shift in emphasis to the European market.

In 2011, Scott launched its E-Bike line E-Sub and E-Sportster, replaced in 2012 with E-Venture line models.

in 2012, Scott buys Syncros, a maker of bicycle components.

In 2015, the Korean Youngone Corporation took a 50.1% stake in the company, with the previous Swiss owner Beat Zaugg retaining 49.9%.

Sponsorship

In 2002, stage 10 of the Tour de France was won by Patrice Halgand riding for the Jean Delatour team, which was at that time was supported by Scott. Scott supplied the teams Mitchelton-Scott (male) and Mitchelton Scott (female) with equipment through 2020, after which the teams were renamed Team BikeExchange and began riding Bianchi bicycles.

In 2014, Scott Sports partnered with the US Military Endurance Sports organization to be a sponsor and provide Scott equipment to the US Domestic Elite Road Team and Elite Triathlon Team.

In 2017, Scott Sports was sponsoring teams and individuals in various sports. Its bike division was sponsoring 12 racing and mountain biking teams. Its wintersport division sponsored 35 people, its running division 10 and motorsports division 40 athletes.

In 2022, Jonas Deichmann cycled across United States of America, from New York to Los Angeles on a Scott Addict Gravel HMX. The trip was a world record attempt and a fundraiser for World Bicycle Relief.

References

External links

 

Cycle manufacturers of Switzerland
Scott
Mountain bike manufacturers
Manufacturing companies established in 1958
Companies based in the canton of Fribourg
Swiss brands
1958 establishments in Switzerland
William Millard (businessman). William "Bill" Millard (born 1932) is the founder of IMS Associates, makers of the IMSAI series of computers and the electronics retailer ComputerLand. He has also been called one of the world's most elusive tax exiles.

William H. Millard worked for IBM and, later, as the head of data processing for the city and county of San Francisco. In 1969, together with his wife, Millard started a software publisher company called Systems Dynamics, which went bankrupt in 1972.

In 1973, Millard founded IMS Associates, which is most famous for IMSAI 8080 microcomputer first shipped in late 1975. By 1977, IMSAI's product line included printers, terminals, floppy diskettes and software. To finance rapidly growing operations, IMSAI pledged 20% of its stock as convertible note in exchange for $250,000 from investment firm Marriner & Co.

In 1976, in partnership with John Martin-Musumeci, IMS launched a successful computer reseller franchise ComputerLand. In 1982, ComputerLand's sales reached over $400 million and by 1984 the venture reached over $1 billion in revenue.

ComputerLand during the 1980s grew to 800 stores, and Millard's portion was valued at $1 billion or more (equivalent to over $ billion in ). Legal troubles from the failure of IMS, centered largely on a convertible note from the Marriner partnership that was later sold to a group of investors, led to a lawsuit in which Millard lost a substantial portion of his stake in ComputerLand. In 1987, he sold ComputerLand to E.M. Warburg, Pincus & Co. for about $200 million.

Millard and his family moved to Saipan where he removed himself from the public view. In September 2011, after 20 years, he was found living in the Cayman Islands. In 2013, Millard and his wife, Patricia, obtained bankruptcy protection in the Cayman Islands from the government of the Northern Mariana Islands for owing $118 million in unpaid taxes and interest.

References

External links

American computer businesspeople
1932 births
Living people
Firewalls and Internet Security. Firewalls and Internet Security: Repelling the Wily Hacker is a 1994 book by William R. Cheswick and Steven M. Bellovin that helped define the concept of a network firewall.
Describing in detail one of the first major firewall deployments at AT&T, the book influenced the formation of the perimeter security model, which became the dominant network security architecture in the mid-1990s.

In 2003, a second edition was published, adding Aviel D. Rubin to its authors.

References

External links
Web page for the second edition
Firewalls and Internet Security at Google Books

Internet security
Computer security books
1994 non-fiction books
Books about the Internet
Works about security and surveillance
Works about computer hacking
State Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Systems. State Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Systems or GosNIIAS for short () is a Russian aerospace research centre. Founded by the decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR on 26 February 1946 from a number of laboratories of the Flight Research Institute for operations research and aviation weapons systems development. The new institute was named NII-2. In March 1994 the institute was re-named with its current name (GosNIIAS).

Initially, the institute was located in the buildings of the former Sergievo-Elizabethan Asylum.

In GosNIIAS, there are six basic departments leading students and graduate students from three universities:
 Department FUPM MIPT “Avionics. Control and Information Systems. Organized in 1969, head. the department - academician E. A. Fedosov.
 Department MAI “System design of air complexes”. Organized in 1969, head. the department - doctor of technical sciences V. A. Stefanov.
 Department MAI "External design and efficiency of aviation complexes". Organized in 1973, head. Department - Doctor of Technical Sciences A. M. Zherebin.
 Department MAI "Systems of automatic and intelligent control." Organized in 1942, head. Department - Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences S. Y. Zheltov.
 Department MIREA "Aviation and space information processing and control systems". Organized in 2002, head. Department - Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences G. G. Sebryakov.
 Department MIREA "Avionics". Organized in 1988, head. Department - Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences E. A. Fedosov.

Bibliography 
 List of GosNIIAS publications in the Scientific electronic library  elibrary.ru

Notes

References

1946 establishments in Russia
Defence companies of the Soviet Union
Companies based in Moscow
Metal companies of the Soviet Union
Buran program
Research institutes in Russia
Research institutes in the Soviet Union
Aviation in the Soviet Union
Aerospace research institutes
Aviation research institutes
Aerospace engineering organizations
Research and development organizations
Federal State Unitary Enterprises of Russia