omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Phidget. A phidget is a physical representation or implementation of a GUI widget.  For example, an on-screen dial widget could be implemented physically as a knob.

Phidgets are a system of low-cost electronic components and sensors that are controlled by a personal computer. Using the Universal Serial Bus (USB) as the basis for all phidgets, the complexity is managed behind an Application Programming Interface (API). Applications can be developed in Mac OS X, Linux, Windows CE and Windows operating systems.

Their usage is primarily focused to allow exploration of alternative physical computer interaction systems, but have most notably been adopted by robotic enthusiasts as they greatly simplify PC-Robot interaction. Phidgets are an attempt to build physical analogue to software widgets, allowing the construction of complex physical systems out of simpler components. Phidgets are designed and produced by Phidgets Inc.

Phidget 
A phidget (physical widget) is attached to a host computer via USB. There are various phidgets available, each having a counterpart class in the phidget API. As each phidget is attached to the host computer, it is made available to control in the API, where its state can be accessed and set. 

Phidgets arose out of a research project in 2001 directed by Saul Greenberg at the Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary.

Phidget API 
Phidgets can be programmed using a variety of software and programming languages, ranging from Java to Microsoft Excel.

Examples of programming languages are:

Adobe Director, AutoIt, C#, C/C++, Cocoa, Delphi, Flash AS3, Flex AS3, Java, LabVIEW, MATLAB, Max/MSP, Microsoft Robotics Studio 1.5, Python Module (version: 2.1.6.20100317), REALBasic, Visual Basic .NET, Visual Basic 6.0, Visual Basic for Applications, Visual Basic Script, Visual C/C++/Borland and FlowStone.

The phidget API is what allows systems to access the phidget devices in a high level manner. The API allows the management of devices as they are attached, to subscribe to events and to access the state of the phidgets. The core API is originally written in C and has been extended to work in numerous languages including .NET and Java.

Examples of Phidgets

 Servo – Allows control of up to 4 servo motors. Each servo can be addressed individually where it can have its position read and set.
 PhidgetAccelerometer – The accelerometer senses acceleration in 2 and 3 dimensions.
 TextLCD – A 20 character * 2 line LCD display, acting as an alternative display mechanism in a phidget project.
 InterfaceKit – Allows input/output interface to analog and digital sensors and switches.

References 

Robotics projects
User interfaces
EMD F9. The EMD F9 is a  Diesel-electric locomotive produced between February 1953 and May 1960 by the Electro-Motive Division of General Motors (EMD) and General Motors Diesel (GMD). It succeeded the F7 model in GM-EMD's F-unit sequence. Final assembly was at GM-EMD's La Grange, Illinois plant. The F9 was also built in Canada by General Motors Diesel at their London, Ontario plant.  A total of 101 cab-equipped lead A units and 156 cabless booster B units were built. The F9 was the fifth model in GM-EMD's highly successful "F" series of cab unit diesel locomotives.

By the time cab units such as the F9 were built, railroads were turning to the road switcher-style of locomotive, as they had much better visibility from the cab without the need to lean out the window. The F9 was succeeded in most part by the EMD GP9.

Engine and powertrain 
The F9 used a 16-cylinder 567C series Diesel engine developing  at 800 rpm. The 567 was designed specifically for locomotive applications, being a 45 degree V-type two-stroke design, with  displacement per cylinder, for a total of . A D.C. generator powered four D37 traction motors, two on each Blomberg B truck. EMD has built all of its major components since 1939.

Identification 
An F9 can be distinguished reliably from a late F7 only by the addition of an extra filter grille ahead of the front porthole on the side panels on A units. Internally, the use of an 567C prime mover increased power to  from the F7's .

Original buyers

Locomotives built by EMD at La Grange, Illinois

Locomotives built by GMD at London, Ontario

See also 

EMD FP9
EMD FL9
List of GM-EMD locomotives
List of GMD Locomotives

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links 
 
 EMD F9 and F9B locomotives data sheet

B-B locomotives
F09
F09
Diesel–electric locomotives of the United States
Railway locomotives introduced in 1953
Locomotives with cabless variants
Standard gauge locomotives of Canada
Passenger locomotives
Standard gauge locomotives of the United States
Standard gauge locomotives of Mexico
Diesel–electric locomotives of Canada
Diesel–electric locomotives of Mexico
Streamlined diesel locomotives
Hatchettite. Hatchettite (also mountain tallow, mineral tallow, mineral adipocire, or adipocerite) is a mineral hydrocarbon.  It has been claimed to be the same as evenkite.

Characteristics
Hatchettite occurs in the coal measures of Belgium and elsewhere, occupying in some cases the interior of hollow concretions of iron-ore, but more generally the cavities of fossil shells or crevices in the rocks.
It is of yellow colour, and translucent, but darkens and becomes opaque on exposure. It has no odour, is greasy to the touch, and has a slightly glistening lustre. Its hardness is that of soft wax. The melting point is 46 to 47 °C, and the composition is C 85.55 %, H 14.45 %.

See also
 Ozocerite

References

 
 

Minerals
South Devon Railway. South Devon Railway may refer to:

 South Devon Railway Company - the company that built the railway from Exeter to Plymouth 
 South Devon Railway (heritage railway) - the heritage railway from Totnes to Buckfastleigh
 South Devon Railway Engineering - rolling stock engineering company based at Buckfastleigh

Other heritage railways in South Devon include:
 Paignton and Dartmouth Steam Railway

Other early railways in South Devon include:
 Buckfastleigh, Totnes and South Devon Railway
 Dartmouth and Torbay Railway
 Launceston and South Devon Railway
 Lee Moor Tramway
 Moretonhampstead and South Devon Railway
 Plymouth and Dartmoor Railway
 Plymouth, Devonport and South Western Junction Railway
 South Devon and Tavistock Railway
 Torbay and Brixham Railway
Suez Canal overhead powerline crossing. The Suez Canal overhead powerline crossing is a major electrical power line built across the Suez Canal in 1998, located near Suez, Egypt. It is designed for two 500 kV circuits.

Because the required clearance over the Suez Canal is , the overhead line has two  high pylons (one on either side of the crossing) in spite of its small span width of .  The pylons each have four crossarms: three for the conductors and one for catching the conductors in case of an insulator string failure.

Significant developments in the region
The crossing was part of a major drive to develop the areas surrounding the Suez Canal, including other projects such as the Ahmed Hamdi Tunnel under the Suez Canal (completed in 1981), the El Ferdan Railway Bridge, and the Suez Canal Bridge (completed in 2001).

It was constructed by a consortium between STFA Enerkom and Siemens.

See also

Electric power transmission
List of towers

References

Energy infrastructure completed in 1998
Electric power infrastructure in Egypt
Buildings and structures in Egypt
Powerline river crossings
Overead Line Crossing, Suez Canal
GLS. GLS may refer to:

Science and technology
 GBAS landing system, an aircraft landing system
 GLS light bulb, a type of light bulb used for general lighting service
 Generalized least squares, in statistics
 Global location sensor
 Glutaminase, a gene and enzyme
 Gray leaf spot, a fungal plant disease
 Guided local search, a search algorithm

Organisations
 General Logistics Systems, a Dutch logistics company
 Genesis Lease (NYSE: GLS), a former Bermudan aircraft leasing company
 Government Legal Service, former name of a UK Government group
 University of Chicago Graduate Library School
 Glasgow Literary Society, Scotland
 Global Linguist Solutions, an American translation company
 GLS Bank, a German ethical bank
 GLS University, in Ahmedabad, India

Events
 Games, Learning & Society Conference
 Georgetown Leadership Seminar
 Global Leaders' Summit

Places
 Glaisdale railway station (Station code), in England
 Gloucestershire, England
 Scholes International Airport at Galveston (IATA and FAA LID codes), Texas, US

Other uses
 Guy L. Steele Jr. (born 1954), American computer scientist
 Mercedes-Benz GLS, an automobile
EMR. EMR may refer to:

Companies
 Emerson Electric, an American company with NYSE symbol EMR
 European Metal Recycling, a scrap metal recycling company
 East Midlands Railway, a British train operating company
 EMR Regional railway route
 EMR Telemetry, an American technology company
 Eastern Maine Railway, an American short line railroad.

Science and technology
 Electromagnetic radiation, a self-propagating wave in space
 Electron magnetic resonance, several forms of imaging methods
 Electro Magnetic Resonance, a Wacom technology
 Extraordinary magnetoresistance, a geometrical magnetoresistance effect

Medicine
 EGF module-containing mucin-like hormone receptor
 Electronic medical record, a medical record in digital format
 Emergency medical responder, a level of medical training below that of an emergency medical technician
 Endoscopic mucosal resection, a medical therapy with endoscopy

Other uses
 Amazon Elastic MapReduce, an Amazon EC2 service based on Hadoop
 Edmonton Metropolitan Region, a metropolitan area in Alberta, Canada
 EMR camouflage, Russian digital military camouflage pattern
 Excalibur: Morgana's Revenge, a 1997 computer game
 M39 Enhanced Marksman Rifle, an American sniper rifle
Nathaniel B. Palmer (icebreaker). Nathaniel B. Palmer is an icebreaking research vessel (RVIB) owned by Offshore Service Vessels LLC, operated by Edison Chouest Offshore, Inc. and chartered by the United States National Science Foundation. Nathaniel B. Palmer is tasked with extended scientific missions in the Antarctic. Nathaniel B. Palmer was purpose-built for and delivered to the NSF by Edison Chouest Offshore's North American Shipbuilding facility in 1992. Nathaniel B. Palmer is able to support up to two helicopters, accommodates up to 45 science and technical personnel, has a crew of 22 and is capable of missions lasting up to 65 days. The vessel is named after merchant mariner and ship builder Nathaniel Brown Palmer, credited by some historians as the first American to see Antarctica.

In February 2020, researchers aboard the vessel with the international Thwaites Glacier Offshore Research (THOR) project discovered Sif Island, located in Pine Island Bay of the Amundsen Sea, in Antarctica.

Gallery

References

External links
R/V Nathaniel B. Palmers current position
United States Antarctic Program Vessel Science and Operations
USAP Research Vessels news in The Antarctic Sun
Lockheed Martin Antarctic Support Contract

Icebreakers of the United States
Research vessels of the National Science Foundation
1992 ships
United States Antarctic Program
AIDC. AIDC may refer to:

Aerospace
Aerospace Industrial Development Corporation, Taiwanese aerospace company
AIDC AT-3, military trainer aircraft manufactured 1984–1990
AIDC F-CK-1 Ching-kuo, fighter aircraft introduced in 1994
AIDC PL-1B, two-seat trainer aircraft introduced in 1962
AIDC T-CH-1, trainer aircraft introduced in 1973
AIDC UH-1H, utility helicopter manufactured 1956–1987
AIDC XC-2, civil transport aircraft introduced in 1978

Industrial development
Arkansas Industrial Development Commission, first run by Winthrop Rockefeller in 1955
Australian Industry Development Corporation (1970-2010), and its subsidiary AIDC Ltd, Australian government statutory body

Other
Australian International Documentary Conference, a conference for the promotion of documentary, factual and unscripted screen content
AIDC Awards, awards given for documentary films and TV programs
Automatic identification and data capture, methods of identifying objects, collecting data about them, and entering them directly into computer systems, without human involvement
Firewall. Firewall may refer to:
 Firewall (computing), a technological barrier designed to prevent unauthorized or unwanted communications between computer networks or hosts
 Firewall (construction), a barrier inside a building, designed to limit the spread of fire, heat and structural collapse
 Firewall (engine), the part of a vehicle that separates the engine compartment from the rest of the vehicle
 Firewall (physics), a hypothetical phenomenon where a freely falling observer spontaneously burns up at the horizon of a black hole
 Firewall (politics), also known as cordon sanitaire: the refusal of one or more political parties to cooperate with certain other political parties.
 For example, see Firewall against the far-right in Germany

Arts, entertainment, and media

Music 

 Firewall, an alias of British musician Lange (born 1974)
 "Firewall", a song by Steve Vai from the 2005 album Real Illusions: Reflections
 "Firewall", a song by Kompany from the 2019 extended play Metropolis

Literature
 Firewall (Andy McNab novel), a Nick Stone adventure
 Firewall (Mankell novel), a 1998 novel by Henning Mankell, featuring Kurt Walland

Film and television 

 Firewall (film), a 2006 thriller film written by Joe Forte, starring Harrison Ford
 "Firewall" (Person of Interest), an episode of the American television drama series Person of Interest
 "Firewall", an episode from the Canadian animated series ReBoot

Characters 

 Firewall, a fictional character in the G.I. Joe universe

See also
 Alberta Agenda, also known as the Alberta Firewall, a political proposal for the Canadian province
 firewalld, a firewall management tool for Linux operating systems
 Great Firewall, China's internet censorship firewall
 Chinese wall, a zone of non-communication between distinct sections of a business, in order to prevent conflicts of interest
 Personal firewall, a very popular form of firewall designed to protect personal computers
 Reredos, a short wall behind a fire in a traditional hearth
 Wall of Fire (disambiguation)
S-8 (rocket). The S-8 is a rocket weapon developed by the Soviet Air Force for use by military aircraft. It remains in service with the Russian Aerospace Forces and various export customers.

Developed in the 1970s, the S-8 is an 80 mm (3.1 in) rocket used by fighter bombers and helicopters. The system entered service in 1984 and is produced in a variety of subtypes with different warheads, including HEAT anti-armor, high-explosive fragmentation, smoke, and incendiary, as well as the specialized S-8BM runway-destroying munition and the S-8DM fuel-air explosive variants. Each rocket is between 1.5 meters (4 ft 11 in) and 1.7 meters (5 ft 7 in) long and weighs between 11.3 kg (25 lb) and 15.2 kg (33.5 lb), depending on warhead and fuse. Range is 2 to 4 kilometers (1.3 to 2.6 mi).

The S-8 is generally carried in the B series of rocket pods, carrying either seven or 20 rockets.

In 2018, the Russian Aerospace Forces took delivery and completed state tests of several batches of the S-8OFP Broneboishchik, successor to the S-8. While both rockets are unguided, the S-8OFP has greater range, a heavier warhead, and a digital fuse. The rocket is intended for armament of Su-25 type aircraft and Mi-8 helicopters, depending on the settings of the fuse, is able to penetrate obstacles facing the set targets, it can also explode in front of the obstacle and behind the obstacle. The S-8OFP entered service and put into serial production in May 2023.

An armored self-propelled 80-tube MLRS vehicle using S-8 rockets has been developed by Belarusian industry. Relatively short range of the rocket (3 – 5 km cross-ground) compared to Grad rockets is compensated for by lower cost and greater beaten area from a high number of rockets. Serbia has developed the helicopter pod L80-07. The S-8 has been used in ground-to-ground mode against Ukrainian positions at Pavlopil by pro-Russian forces during the war in Donbas on 4 May and 20 June 2020. Two unexploded rockets were defused by the Ukrainian army in the later incident.

Rocket specifications

S-8OFP was already deployed in mid-late 2018 and have been seen at operational launch with Mi-35M helicopter.

See also
 S-5 rocket
 S-13 rocket
 Ugroza, a proposed upgrade of "dumb" rockets to salvo-fired laser-guided precision missiles
 Hydra_70

References

 Soviet/Russian Aircraft Weapons Since World War Two, Yefim Gordon, 
 Mil Mi-24 Hind Attack Helicopter, Yefim Gordon and Dimitri Komissarov, 
 Jane's Air Launched Weapons Issue 36, Duncan Lennox, 
 VTTV-99 S-8 rocket specs
 Army-2018: Zaslon Center presents new 80mm MLRS based on 4x4 UAZ pickup

Air-to-ground rockets of the Soviet Union
Military equipment introduced in the 1970s
GeoQuest Systems. GeoQuest Systems was a company offering geology software, systems integration, and information-management services and software to the oil and gas industry from 1984& to 2001).

History 
The company was founded in 1984. Through its Seismograph Service Corporation subsidiary, Raytheon Company invested in and subsequently purchased GeoQuest Systems in about 1989.  In 1992 Schlumberger acquired the company.

In 1993, Schlumberger merged its data services group, Finder Graphics, with GeoQuest Systems to establish the GeoQuest product line, based in Houston, Texas. In November 1995 GeoQuest acquired the ECLIPSE reservoir simulation software product line from Intera. In July 1999, GeoQuest acquired Merak Projects, a reserves, economics and field-optimization software company. In 2001, the company was integrated into Schlumberger Information Solutions (SIS).

References

Geotechnical engineering companies
Engineering companies of the United States
American companies established in 1984
American companies disestablished in 2001
George Smith Duncan. George Smith Duncan (11 July 1852 – 4 September 1930) was a tramway and mining engineer best known for his work on cable trams, and for his work in the gold mining industry.

Duncan was born on 11 July 1852 in the city of Dunedin New Zealand, the third son of George and Elspet Duncan, recent Scottish immigrants. He was educated at Clifton College near Bristol in England, and at both the University of Edinburgh in Scotland and the University of Otago in New Zealand. He was subsequently appointed engineer for the District of Otago.

On 1 September 1876, with John Reid and James W. Duncan, the partnership, 'Reid and Duncans', Surveyors, Civil Engineers, Land Agents, and Share and Money Brokers was formed, with offices at Moray Place, Dunedin.

Between 1879 and 1883, Duncan was responsible for the development of the Dunedin cable tramway system. He was then appointed consulting engineer (and subsequently engineer) for the development of the Melbourne cable tramway system in Australia, a post he held until 1892, being largely responsible for the development of over 44 miles of cable tram route.

Shortly after leaving his post in Melbourne, Duncan travelled to both America and Europe. Whilst in London he was elected a Member of the Institution of Civil Engineers for his efforts on the Melbourne cable tramway system. However what he saw on his travels lead him to question the future of cable tramways, and on his return to Australia he advised Brisbane against adopting such a system in favour of electric traction.

From 1894, Duncan became involved in the gold mining industry of Victoria, introducing the cyanide process for extracting gold from ore and mine tailings, and founding the firm of Duncan, Noyes & Co. He later became involved in experiments to extract gold from seawater, and achieved this in 1912 from the waters of Port Phillip. He continued to experiment until shortly before his death, but failed in his aim of making the process economically viable.

He died at "Sunnyside", Black Rock, Victoria, Australia on 4 September 1930.

References

External links
 Web page on George Smith Duncan (from the website of the Friends of Hawthorn Tram Depot)

Sources 

 Web page http://www.hawthorntramdepot.org.au/papers/duncan.htm, as retrieved 12:00 GMT, 28 September 2011.

People educated at Clifton College
1852 births
1930 deaths
Engineers from Dunedin
New Zealand people of Scottish descent
Engineers from Melbourne
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
University of Otago alumni
19th-century New Zealand engineers
20th-century New Zealand engineers
Idiothetic. Idiothetic literally means "self-proposition" (Greek derivation), and is used in navigation models (e.g., of a rat in a maze) to describe the use of self-motion cues, rather than allothetic, or external, cues such as landmarks, to determine position and movement. The word is sometimes also spelled "ideothetic" (e.g., Chen et al, 1994 ). Idiothetic cues include vestibular, optic flow and proprioception. Idiothetic cues are important for the type of navigation known as path integration in which subjects navigate purely using such self-motion cues. This is achieved by an animal through the signals generated by angular and linear accelerations in the course of its exploration. This information generates and updates a vector towards the starting point and an accurate path for return. The spider Cupiennius salei has been known to posses this idiothetic orientation, demonstrating its higher cognitive abilities.

The term idiothetic is also used in robotics and in personality psychology. Idiothetic psychology of personality suggests that personality description follows idiographic principles, while personality development centres around nomothetic principles. Idiothetic-based psychological theories include James Lamiell's Critical Personalism model, George Kelly's Role Repertory Test, and the narrative approaches that focus on the impact of life stories.

See also
 Dead reckoning
 Navigation research
 Neuroscience
 Robotic mapping

References

Psychological adjustment