omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Millennium Bridge (Dublin). The Millennium Bridge () is a pedestrian bridge spanning the River Liffey in Dublin, Ireland, joining Eustace Street in Temple Bar to the north quays.

The bridge was installed in December 1999 to commemorate the approaching new millennium in 2000. It was prefabricated in Carlow, 80 km from Dublin, as a portal frame structure made up of a slender steel truss and resting on reinforced concrete haunches.

The bridge was designed by Howley Harrington Architects, with Price & Myers as consulting engineers. The concrete base and steel structure for the bridge were provided by two firms from Carlow: Formwork 2000+ and Thompson Engineering respectively.

The Millennium Bridge is a neighbour to the much older pedestrian Ha'penny Bridge to the east, and Grattan Bridge to the west. Bloom Lane is to the north.

References

Bridges in Dublin (city)
Buildings and structures celebrating the third millennium
Pedestrian bridges in the Republic of Ireland
Bridges completed in 1999
1999 establishments in Ireland
Johann Helfrich von Müller. Johann Helfrich von Müller (January 16, 1746 in Kleve – 1830) was an engineer in the Hessian army who conceived the difference engine in 1786 (first written reference to the basic principles of a difference machine is dated to 1784), an idea that later evolved into modern computers. In 1784, he was responsible for an improved adding machine based on principles of Leibniz's stepped reckoner.

Müller was demonstrably the first who came up with the idea of calculating mathematical tables automatically by a machine. To achieve this, he planned building a printing differential engine. However, this plan was not realized.

References
Biography of Johann Helfrich Müller, with information on his calculating machines
d'Ocagne, Maurice (1905). Le Calcul Simplifié Par Les Procedes Mecaniques Et Graphiques. Google Book Search. Retrieved on April 23, 2008.
Dr Stefano Zottino ANALYTICAL ENGINE L'IDEA INNOVATIVA DI CHARLES BABBAGE, Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia, Italy.
Krause, Christine: Das Positive von Differenzen Die Rechenmaschinen von Müller, Babbage, Scheutz, Wiberg, ...  

Engineers from Hesse
1746 births
1830 deaths
People from Kleve
18th-century German engineers
Vicat softening point. Vicat softening temperature or Vicat hardness is the determination of the softening point for materials that have no definite melting point, such as plastics. It is taken as the temperature at which the specimen is penetrated to a depth of  by a flat-ended needle with a  circular or square cross-section. For the Vicat A test, a load of  is used. For the Vicat B test, the load is . It is named after the French engineer Louis Vicat.

Standards to determine Vicat softening point include ASTM D 1525 and ISO 306, which are largely equivalent.

The vicat softening temperature can be used to compare the heat-characteristics of different materials.

Four different methods may be used for testing.

ISO 10350 Note

ISO 10350 Vicat values are tested using the B50 method.

Similar Standards: ASTM D1525

References

Cement
Polymer chemistry
Auxiliary feedwater. Auxiliary feedwater is a backup water supply system found in pressurized water reactor nuclear power plants (PWRs). This system, sometimes known as emergency feedwater, can be used to cool the reactor, if normal feedwater to the steam generators fails to work. It works by pumping water to the steam generators from reserve tanks or a larger body of water (e.g. lake, river, or ocean) to remove decay heat from the reactor by dumping non-radioactive steam to atmosphere or using this steam to drive turbine driven auxiliary feedwater pump(s). The auxiliary feedwater system in PWRs are often equipped with motor driven aux feedwater pumps, and, as an additional measure, turbine driven aux feedwater pump that is driven not by electricity but by steam generated by decay heat removal from the normal secondary side steam circuit of the plant. The typical steam turbine used in the aux feedwater systems are the “solid wheel” or “water wheel” Terry Steam Turbines manufactured by the Curtiss-Wright Corporation in Summerville, SC.

In contrast to emergency core cooling systems for loss-of-coolant accidents, the auxiliary feedwater system does not inject directly into the reactor core. Instead, it cools in an indirect manner by cooling the primary circuit with the reactor via the steam generators.

References

Nuclear power
Logical address. In computing, a logical address is the address at which an item (memory cell, storage element, network host) appears to reside from the perspective of an executing application program. 

A logical address may be different from the physical address due to the operation of an address translator or mapping function. Such mapping functions may be, in the case of a computer memory architecture, a memory management unit (MMU) between the CPU and the memory bus.

There may be more than one level of mapping. For example, on multiprocessor configurations of the IBM S/360, S/370 and successors, IBM distinguishes among
Virtual address seen by the program
Real address,  the result of translating a virtual address
Absolute address, the result of mapping a real address using a low-storage prefix assigned to each CPU.

Computer memory
The physical address of computer memory banks may be mapped to different logical addresses for various purposes.

In a system supporting virtual memory, there may actually not be any physical memory mapped to a logical address until an access is attempted.  The access triggers special functions of the operating system which reprogram the MMU to map the address to some physical memory, perhaps writing the old contents of that memory to disk and reading back from disk what the memory should contain at the new logical address.  In this case, the logical address may be referred to as a virtual address.

Notes

References

See also
Memory segment
Flat memory model
Memory address

Virtual memory
Tom West. Joseph Thomas West III (November 22, 1939 – May 19, 2011) was an American technologist.  West is notable for being the key figure in the Pulitzer Prize winning non-fiction book The Soul of a New Machine.

West began his career in computer design at RCA, after seven years at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, a job he'd gotten right out of college. He started working for Data General in 1974. He became the head of Data General's Eclipse group and then became the lead on the Eagle project, building a machine officially named the Eclipse MV/8000. After the publication of Soul of a New Machine, West was sent to Japan by Data General where he helped design DG-1, the first full-screen laptop. His last project in 1996, a thin Web server, was intended to be an internet-ready machine. West retired as Chief Technologist in 1998.

Personal life
West was married to Elizabeth (Cohon) West in 1965; they divorced in 1994. The couple had two daughters, Katherine West and librarian Jessamyn West. West married Cindy Woodward (his former assistant at Data General) in 2001; the couple divorced in 2011. West died at the age of 71 in his Westport, Massachusetts home of an apparent heart attack.  His nephew, Christopher Schwarz, is a former editor of Popular Woodworking magazine, author of The Anarchist's Toolchest, and co-founder of Lost Art Press; West's death prompted Schwarz to "leave the magazine and do my own thing".

References

Further reading
  Twenty-year retrospective of The Soul of a New Machine, with "where are they now?" segments on the people involved and on Data General.
  1996 interview with West.
  A decade after the events described in The Soul of a New Machine, West, still at Data General, appears in this MV/9500 corporate announcement video (from 6:00 to 14:30).

Data General
Computer hardware engineers
1939 births
2011 deaths
Amherst College alumni
CyberGraphX. CyberGraphX (pronounced "cybergraphics"), is the standard ReTargetable Graphics API available for the Amiga and compatible systems. It was developed by Thomas Sontowski and Frank Mariak and later adopted by Phase5 for use with their graphics cards. Many other graphics card manufacturers who offered hardware for Amiga and compatible systems used it as well.

Versions 
The latest version is CyberGraphX V5 used in MorphOS. Its features include:

 AltiVec accelerated
 Display Data Channel (DDC) and gamma correction support
 Hardware accelerated operations for alpha blending, tinting, gradients, stretching
 PowerPC native, with support for AmigaOS drivers

The original CyberGraphX software for AmigaOS is no longer actively maintained. CyberGraphX V4 was the last release for that platform so far. AROS implements CyberGraphX V4 compatible API. Alternative RTG APIs are Picasso 96 and Enhanced Graphics System, the first is used in AmigaOS4 and implements the CyberGraphX V4 API with some V5 extensions.

Dual monitor support 
 AGP-Radeon + PCI-Radeon: fail
 AGP-Radeon + PCI-Voodoo: ok (Apple Open Firmware only)
 AGP-Voodoo + PCI-Voodoo: unknown
 AGP-Voodoo + PCI-Radeon: ok

Up to 2560×1600 running on Dual-link DVI, for example a Radeon 9650 with 256 MB

Drivers and libraries 

 cgxsystem.library
 cgxbootpic.library
 cgxdither.library
 cgxvideo.library
 (cybpci.library)
 ddc.library
 cgx3drave.library
 cgxmpeg.library

References 

 MorphOS 2.0 release notes

External links 

 
 Selection of CyberGraphX drivers at the Unofficial phase5 Support Page

AmigaOS
Amiga
Amiga APIs
Graphics libraries
MorphOS
Winnington. Winnington is a ward and northwestern suburb of the town of Northwich, in the Cheshire West and Chester borough of Cheshire, England.

Industry
Winnington is the home to Brunner Mond UK chemical works, where soda ash is created. Polythene, the material used in many  plastic items (e.g. plastic bags), was first made at the chemical works by Reginald O. Gibson and Eric W. Fawcett in 1933, during an experiment that 'went wrong'. Most residents in Winnington were employed by ICI (Imperial Chemical Industries); however, many people now work in the town centre, with Brunner Mond still employing hundreds of people. Most of the houses built closer to the ICI plant were built by the company to house their workers.

Winnington also has a combined heat and power station, providing electricity for Brunner Mond.

The Anderton Boat Lift, which lifts boats from the River Weaver navigation to the canal, is nearby.

The future
Winnington Village is a new development consisting of a range of family homes. Developers including Barratt Developments, Taylor Wimpey, Morris and Wilson Homes (Wilson Bowden) are looking to build a new community environment with the potential for a school and leisure facilities.

Climate

Sport
Winnington is home to Winnington Park Rugby Football Club that fields both a rugby union and rugby league team.

Also in Winnington is the Jubilee field (so named when it was given to the people of Northwich by Brunner Mond on their 50th anniversary in 1923), the playing fields are home to Winnington Avenue Football Club, with age groups in the Mid Cheshire Youth league from 8 years old to open age.

History 
Winnington was formerly a township in the parish of Great Budworth, in 1866 Winnington became a separate civil parish, on 1 April 1936 the parish was abolished and merged with Northwich, Weaverham cum Milton and Hartford. In 1931 the parish had a population of 1268.

See also
 Winnington Hall
 Battle of Winnington Bridge (19 August 1659)

References

External links

Former civil parishes in Cheshire
Areas of Northwich
Chicago Assembly Plant. Chicago Assembly Plant (sometimes referred to as Torrence Avenue Assembly) is Ford Motor Company's oldest continuously operated automobile manufacturing plant.  It is located at E. 130th Street and Torrence Avenue in the Hegewisch neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois, US. , Chicago Assembly Plant manufactures the sixth-generation Ford Explorer, the second-generation Lincoln Aviator, and the Police Interceptor Utility.

History
Production started on March 3, 1924, as an alternative site to the River Rouge Plant for Model T production. It switched to Model A production in 1928, and built M8 Greyhound and M20 Armored Utility Car armored cars during World War II. It was the site of pickup truck production for 40 years before that operation stopped in 1964. In 1985, it was selected as the site of production for the Ford Taurus and Mercury Sable midsize sedans.

Ford spent US$400,000,000 in 2004 to modernize the plant. It switched to production of D3-platform vehicles for 2005, and to CD6-platform vehicles for 2020. Nine automotive suppliers have built factories nearby at the Ford Chicago Manufacturing Campus developed by CenterPoint Properties. Ford's Chicago plant is a center for flexible just-in-time production.  the Ford Web site stated that it employed about 5,800 workers, mostly paid per hour.

 there were concerns that Ford's phasing out of internal combustion-engined vehicles in favour of electric vehicles could throw into question the future of the Torrence Avenue complex.

Products made (model years)
As of 2023, the following vehicles are produced at Chicago Assembly Plant:

Ford Explorer (since 2011)
Police Interceptor Utility
Lincoln Aviator (since 2020)

Past (model years)
Lincoln MKS (2009–2016)
Ford Taurus X (2008–2009)
Mercury Montego (2005–2007)
Ford Freestyle (2005–2007)
Ford Five Hundred (2005–2007)
Ford Taurus (1986–2019)
Mercury Sable (1986–2009)
Mercury Marquis (1983–1986)
Ford LTD (1983–1986)
Mercury Cougar (1981–1982)
Ford Granada (1981–1982)
Ford Thunderbird (1977–1981)
Ford Torino (1976)
Ford Elite (1974-1976)
Mercury Marquis (1969–1976)
Ford Galaxie (1969–1976)
Ford Country Sedan (1952-1974)
Ford Country Squire (1950-1991)
Ford Deluxe (1941-1948)
Ford Custom (1949-1951)
Ford Crestline (1951-1954)
Ford Fairlane (1955-1961)
Ford F-100 (1953–1964)
Ford Model A (1927–1931)
Ford Model T (1924–1928)

See also
 List of Ford factories

References

External links

Map: 

Ford factories
Motor vehicle assembly plants in Illinois
Buildings and structures in Chicago
Strainmeter. A strainmeter is an instrument used by geophysicists to measure the deformation of the Earth. Linear strainmeters measure the changes in the distance between two points, using either a solid piece of material (over a short distance) or a laser interferometer (over a long distance, up to several hundred meters).

The type using a solid length standard was invented by Benioff in 1932, using an iron pipe; later instruments used rods made of fused quartz. Modern instruments of this type can make measurements of length changes over very small distances, and are commonly placed in boreholes to measure small changes in the diameter of the borehole. Another type of borehole instrument detects changes in a volume filled with fluid (such as silicone oil). The most common type is the dilatometer invented by Sacks and Evertson in the USA (patent 3,635,076); a design that uses specially shaped volumes to measure the strain tensor has been developed by Sakata in Japan.

All these types of strainmeters can measure deformation over frequencies from a few Hz to periods of days, months, and years. This allows them to measure signals at lower frequencies than can be detected with seismometers. Most strainmeter records show signals from the earth tides, and seismic waves from earthquakes. At longer periods, they can also record the gradual accumulation of stress (physics) caused by plate tectonics, the release of this stress in earthquakes, and rapid changes of stress following earthquakes.

The most extensive network of strainmeters is installed in Japan; it includes mostly quartz-bar instruments in tunnels and borehole strainmeters, with a few laser instruments. Starting in 2003 there has been a major effort (the Plate Boundary Observatory) to install many more strainmeters along the Pacific/North-America plate boundary in the United States. The aim is to install about 100 borehole strainmeters, primarily in Washington, Oregon and California, and five laser strainmeters, all in California.

See also
Deformation monitoring
Deformation (physics)
Extensometer
Infinitesimal strain theory

References

External links
 Piñon Flat Observatory, CA: laser strainmeters
 GTSM Technologies, AUS: borehole strainmeters
 Plate Boundary Observatory 
 US Geological Survey, see under Fault Monitoring 

Geophysics
Seismology instruments
Length, distance, or range measuring devices
Pure. Pure may refer to:

Computing
 Pure function
 PureSystems, a family of computer systems introduced by IBM in 2012
 Pure Software, a company founded in 1991 by Reed Hastings to support the Purify tool
 Pure-FTPd, FTP server software
 Pure (programming language), functional programming language based on term rewriting
 Pure Storage, a company that makes datacenter storage solutions

Companies and products
 Pure (app), dating app
 Pure (restaurant chain), a British fast food chain
 Pure Insurance, Privilege Underwriters Reciprocal Exchange
 Pure Trading, a Canadian electronic communication network operated by CNQ
 Pure Digital, a UK consumer electronics company specialising in DAB radios
 Pure Oil, a U.S. chain of gas stations
 Propulsion Universelle et Récuperation d'Énergie (PURE), a motorsport engineering company
 Pure FM (Portsmouth), a university radio station based in Portsmouth, UK
 Pure (Belgian radio station), a former Belgian radio station

Literature 
 Pure (magazine), a magazine created by Peter Sotos
 Pure (Miller novel), a 2011 novel by Andrew Miller
 Pure (Baggott novel), a 2012 novel by Julianna Baggott
 PURE, 2016 play about chocolate manufacture, commissioned by Mikron Theatre Company

Video games 
 Pure (video game), an off-road racing video game for Microsoft Windows, Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3

Establishments 
 Pure Nightclub, a nightclub in Las Vegas, Nevada

Music 
 Pure (Canadian band), a Canadian rock band till 2000

Albums
 Pure (3 Colours Red album), 1997
 Pure (Godflesh album), 1992
 Pure (Gary Numan album), 2000
 Pure (Hayley Westenra album), 2003
 Pure (In the Woods... album), 2016
 Pure (No Angels album), 2003
 Pure (The Lightning Seeds album), 1996
 Pure (Maksim Mrvica album), 2007
 Pure II, Maksim Mrvica, 2008
 Pure (The Primitives album), 1989
 Pure (The Jesus Lizard album), 1989
 Pure (Lara Fabian album), 1997
 Pure (Pendragon album), 2008
 Pure (Boney James album), 2004
 Pure (Chris Potter album), 1994

Songs
 "Pure" (song), by The Lightning Seeds, 1989
 "Pure", a song and single by 3 Colours Red from Pure, 1997
 "Pure", a song by Cigarettes After Sex from Cry, 2019
 "Pure", a song by Dream
 "Pure", a song by Endless Shame
 "Pure", a song by Orgy from their 2005 album Punk Statik Paranoia
 "Pure", a song by Paris Angels B-side to "Perfume (Loved Up)", 1991

Film and television 
 Pure (2002 film), a 2002 British film
 Pure (2005 film), a 2005 Canadian film
 Pure (2010 film), a 2010 Swedish film
 Pure (Canadian TV series), a 2017 Canadian TV series
 Pure (British TV series), a 2019 UK TV series
 "Pure" (Law & Order: Special Victims Unit), an episode of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit
 "Pure" (Into the Dark), an episode of the first season of Into the Dark

Places
 Pure, Ardennes

See also 
 Cleanliness
 Impurity (disambiguation)
 Pure land
 PureGym, a chain of health clubs in the United Kingdom
 Puritans
 Purity (disambiguation)
 Unclean (disambiguation)
Bill Moog. William Moog (August 15, 1915–1997) is known for inventing the electrohydraulic servo valve in 1951. He founded Moog Inc., which makes actuators for aircraft.

He was born in New Jersey. His cousin was Robert Moog, one of the leading pioneers of the modern synthesizer.

Moog was married and had three daughters.

References 

1915 births
1997 deaths
Hydraulics
20th-century American engineers
20th-century American inventors
North American XA2J Super Savage. The North American Aviation XA2J "Super Savage" was a prototype carrier-based attack aircraft built in the early 1950s. It was developed by North American Aviation (NAA) from the smaller AJ Savage.

Design and development

The XA2J was intended to be a turboprop-powered derivative of the AJ Savage, with the design as initially proposed in December 1947 a simple modification of the Savage, with extensive use of components of the earlier aircraft. The design gradually evolved, however, to improve performance and increase compatibility with operations from aircraft carriers, as it was recognized that the AJ Savage was deficient in performance and was a less-than-satisfactory carrier aircraft.

The A2J was essentially an enlarged AJ Savage with the two reciprocating engines replaced with two Allison T40 turboprop engines and removal of the tail-mounted turbojet. Like the AJ, it was a high-winged monoplane with unswept wings. The wings were fitted with leading edge slats and large trailing edge flaps, and folded outside of the engine nacelles to ease storage aboard ship. It had a crew of three: pilot, co-pilot/bombardier, and gunner who sat in a pressurised cabin in the nose of the aircraft. Up to  of bombs could be carried in a large enclosed bomb-bay in the center fuselage, while the planned defensive armament was a remotely controlled tail turret with two 20 mm cannon.

Construction of two prototypes started 1 October 1948, but due to delays developing the engines, the first flight was not until 4 January 1952. The competing Douglas XA3D, the prototypes of which were ordered the year after construction had begun on the XA2J prototypes, first flew in October 1952. The A3D had far superior performance, which doomed the XA2J.

The root cause for the failure of the XA2J was the protracted development and poor reliability of the Allison T40 engines. The T40 engine was an ambitious engine design with two power sections, (the T38 was developed from the T40 to assist in its development, by using a single power section with extension shaft and gearbox), driving two large contra-rotating propellers through a combining gearbox. Both the engines and the gearbox proved to be unreliable. The T40 engine was also used in the developmental of other aircraft. After a number of engine-related mishaps, the XA2J project was abandoned and the second prototype was never flown.

Operators

United States Navy

Specifications (XA2J-1)

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links

"Navy Gets Turboprop Bomber." Popular Science, April 1952, p. 141.

A2J
North American A2J
Aircraft with contra-rotating propellers
High-wing aircraft
Carrier-based aircraft
Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United States
Aircraft first flown in 1952
Twin-turboprop tractor aircraft
Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear