omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Bodyflight. Bodyflight, or body flight, is the term in the skydiving, which means staying or moving of a body or system of bodies in the air flow. It is one of the most dynamically developing sports in the world. In the windtunnel sport parachuting and skydiving, bodyflight is performed by applying air flow on certain parts of a body, to control the body any muscular forces can be used.

As a tool for learning to control the body flight, there is a vertical wind tunnel, which makes it possible to fly in the air, simulating free fall due to the created air flow (on average, about 190 km/h).
 
Bodyflight includes various flight poses, movements and flight transits, when combined, flight elements (tricks) are formed. Also this include turns, rolls, lateral movement, fall rate control, and other acrobatics in the air. The skill of bodyflight makes it possible for skydivers to fly closer to each other while they are falling, to allow them to link together in formation skydiving, then fly apart to a safe distance before opening parachutes.  
 
The flight pose is the body position controlled by the muscular effort in the air flow. There are many different poses, including "mantis", "bumblebee", and  "dragon". Flight movement is the movement or rotation of a body in the air flow in a certain direction. Flight transit is a transition from one flight pose to another (changing the areas of the body, affected by the air flow).

Bodyflight is accomplished via increasing/decreasing the drag of your body, using arms and legs as rudders for bodyflight motion control, as well as other techniques similar to that of an airplane. Professional athletes who fly through the air for long distances, such as ski jumping, have also used certain bodyflight techniques to increase jumping distance by manipulating their bodies to be more airfoil-like.  Frequent visitors to a vertical wind tunnel are often called 'tunnel rats', much like frequent visitors to ski slopes are called 'ski bums'. Some body flying enthusiasts develop their tunnel-flying skills not for sky diving training, but in order to be able to give professional performances.

Flight poses

References

External links 

 Indoor Skydiving Is Real, Painful, And Definitely Sports — Vice
 La France dominante au Championnat du monde de chute libre — Le Courrier Laval
Parachuting
Wind machine. The wind machine (also called an aeoliphone or aelophon) is a friction idiophone used to produce the sound of wind for orchestral compositions and musical theater productions.

Construction 

The wind machine is constructed of a large cylinder made up of several wooden slats which measures approximately  in diameter. The cylinder body of the instrument rests upon a stand and is typically covered with silk, canvas, or other material which is in a fixed position. A crank handle, used by the player to rotate the cylinder and create the sound, is attached to the cylinder.

Another method of construction implements an electric fan, which is fitted with lengths of cane, rather than blades. However, this method is less popular because it does not provide the player with the ability to control the speed of rotation.

Technique 

The wind machine is played by rotating the crank handle, which is attached to the cylinder, to create friction between the wooden slats and the material covering that touches the cylinder but does not rotate as the crank handle is turned. This friction between the wood and the material covering creates the sound of rushing wind. The volume and pitch of the sound is controlled by the rate at which the crank is turned. The faster the handle is turned, the higher the resulting pitch and the louder the sound. The slower the handle is turned, the lower the pitch and the softer the volume. The sound of the wind machine can also be controlled by the tightness of the fabric covering the cylinder.

Classical works that use the instrument 

Jean-Philippe Rameau: Les Boréades
Giacomo Puccini: La Fanciulla del West
Gioachino Rossini: The Barber of Seville
Richard Wagner: Der fliegende Holländer
Richard Strauss: Don Quixote, Eine Alpensinfonie (An Alpine Symphony), Josephslegende (1914), Die ägyptische Helena, and Die Frau ohne Schatten
Edward Elgar: The Starlight Express
Maurice Ravel: Daphnis et Chloé, L'enfant et les sortilèges, Maurius Constant's orchestration of Gaspard de la nuit, iii. Scarbo
Gottfried Huppertz: "Chronicles of the Gray House"
Olivier Messiaen: Des canyons aux étoiles…, Saint François d'Assise and Éclairs sur l'au-delà…
Arnold Schoenberg: Die Jakobsleiter
Benjamin Britten: Noye's Fludde
Gyorgy Ligeti: Le Grand Macabre
Ralph Vaughan Williams: Sinfonia antartica
Ferde Grofé: Grand Canyon Suite
Jerry Goldsmith: The Blue Max
Fazıl Say: Symphony No 3 Universe
Michael Tippett: Symphony No. 4

References

External links 
 Demonstration of a Wind Machine by Dame Evelyn Glennie

Friction idiophones
Sound effects
Special effects
Pierre Robin (designer). Pierre Robin (14 August 1927 – 5 August 2020) was a French aeroplane designer. He was best known for founding the aircraft company Avions Robin with designer Jean Délémontez.

Avions Pierre Robin
Avions Pierre Robin was founded in 1957 as Centre Est Aéronautique at Dijon. In 1969 the company name was changed to Avions Pierre Robin. The company manufactured a series of light airplanes, based on the designs created by Délémontez, of Jodel renown (Société Avions Jodel). The first airplane completed by Avions Pierre Robin was flown in 1967, designated DR.253 Regent.

In October 2004 Alpha Aviation Ltd (Hamilton New Zealand) purchased the jigs, tooling and intellectual rights to the Robin R2000 series. These two-place all-metal training aircraft were produced from 2005 until January 2008, when the parent company of Alpha liquidated the company assets.

Avions Pierre Robin became known as Apex after the R2000 sale. It continued to produce all its other types consisting primarily of the DR400 series.

References

French businesspeople
French aerospace engineers
1927 births
2020 deaths
Navigation system. A navigation system is a computing system that aids in navigation. Navigation systems may be entirely on board the vehicle or vessel that the system is controlling (for example, on the ship's bridge) or located elsewhere, making use of radio or other signal transmission to control the vehicle or vessel. In some cases, a combination of these methods is used.

Navigation systems may be capable of one or more of:

 containing maps, which may be displayed in human-readable format via text or in a graphical format
 determining a vehicle or vessel's location via sensors, maps, or information from external sources
 providing suggested directions to a human in charge of a vehicle or vessel via text or speech
 providing directions directly to an autonomous vehicle such as a robotic probe or guided missile
 providing information on nearby vehicles or vessels, or other hazards or obstacles
 providing information on traffic conditions and suggesting alternative directions
 simultaneous localization and mapping
 acoustic positioning for underwater navigation

The first in-car navigation system available to consumers in 1985 was called Etak Navigation. The company, Etak, was led by engineer Stan Honey and incubated by Nolan Bushnell's Catalyst Technologies in Silicon Valley. Etak held a number of patents and produced digitized maps for the navigation system. The maps were streamed to the navigation system from special tape cassettes. The early digitized maps turned out to be more valuable than the navigation system.  The car icon used in Etak Navigation display was a vector-based graphic based on Atari, Inc.'s Asteroids spaceship.

Types of navigation systems
 Automotive navigation system
 Marine navigation systems using sonar
 Satellite navigation system
 Global Positioning System, a group of satellites and computers that can provide information on any person, vessel, or vehicle's location via a GPS receiver
 GPS navigation device, a device that can receive GPS signals for the purpose of determining the device's location and possibly to suggest or give directions
 GLONASS, satellite navigation system run by Russia
 Galileo global navigation satellite system
 IRNSS, regional satellite system run by India.
 Surgical navigation system, a system that determines the position of surgical instruments in relation to patient images such as CT or MRI scans.
 Inertial guidance system, a system which continuously determines the position, orientation, and velocity (direction and speed of movement) of a moving object without the need for external reference
 Robotic mapping, the methods and equipment by which an autonomous robot is able to construct (or use) a map or floor plan and to localize itself within it
 XNAV for deep space navigation

See also

 Positioning system
 Guidance, navigation and control
 Guidance system

References

Navigation
Navigational equipment
Wideband materials. Wideband material refers to material that can convey Microwave signals (light/sound) over a variety of wavelengths. These materials possess exemplary attenuation and dielectric constants, and are excellent dielectrics for semiconductor gates. Examples of such material include gallium nitride (GaN) and silicon carbide (SiC).

SiC has been used extensively in the creation of lasers for several years. However, it performs poorly (providing limited brightness) because it has an indirect band gap. GaN has a wide band gap (~3.4 eV), which usually results in high energies for structures which possess electrons in the conduction band.

References

External links
UCSB.edu – Wideband Gap Semiconductors

Materials science
Mr. Robot (video game). Mr. Robot is a 3D video game by British studio Moonpod, published as shareware, which attempts to combine the genres of role-playing video game and platform game.

The platform adventure part of the game takes place on board a spaceship called The Eidolon which is destined for a remote colony planet when things start to go wrong. The player takes the part of Asimov, a "lowly service droid", who must attempt to save the humans stored in cryosleep. The RPG element takes place inside a virtual computer world in which the player can hack computer terminals to combat defense computer programs via a turn-based battle system.

Reception 

The game won the 9.6/10 Editor's choice gold award at VG Core and scored 87% in PC Format magazine, and also won the award for 'best ending' in the PC Format 2007 game awards. It scored 82% in PC Gamer UK magazine.

References

External links 
 
 

2007 video games
Role-playing video games
Platformers
Windows games
Windows-only games
Indie games
Science fiction video games
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Video games about robots
Mercury selenide. Mercury selenide (HgSe; sometimes mercury(II) selenide) is a chemical compound of mercury and selenium. It is a grey-black crystalline solid semi-metal with a sphalerite structure. The lattice constant is 0.608 nm.  

HgSe occurs naturally as the mineral Tiemannite, and is a component of the "intimate mixture" of HgSe and Se known as HgSe2.  

Along with other II-VI compounds, colloidal nanocrystals of HgSe can be formed.

Applications
 Selenium is used in filters in some steel plants to remove mercury from exhaust gases. The solid product formed is HgSe.
 HgSe can be used as an ohmic contact to wide-gap II-VI semiconductors such as zinc selenide or zinc oxide.

Toxicity
Toxic hydrogen selenide fumes can be evolved on exposure to acids. HgSe is non-toxic as long as it is not ingested due to its insolubility. 

HgSe is forms large insoluble clusters with proteins during digestion, and a very precise co-administration of selenium during mercury ingestion has shown to reduce the resulting intoxication.  The effect is too finicky for any practical use, but selenium's ability to complex mercury has been proposed to explain why relatively high mercury levels do not intoxicate deep-sea fish.

See also
 Mercury sulfide
 Mercury telluride
 Cadmium selenide
 Zinc selenide

References

 
 
 .
 
 SNV (1991) Guidelines on measures and methods for heavy metal emissions control. Solna, The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency – Naturvårdsverket.

External links
 https://web.archive.org/web/20051019034837/http://ctdp.ensmp.fr/species/Tiemannite.html

Mercury(II) compounds
Selenides
Zincblende crystal structure
Methacrylate. Methacrylates are derivatives of methacrylic acid.  These derivatives are mainly used to make poly(methyl methacrylate) and related polymers.

Monomers
 Methyl methacrylate
 Ethyl methacrylate
 Butyl methacrylate
 Hydroxyethyl methacrylate
 Glycidyl methacrylate

Carboxylate anions
Monomers
Methacrylate esters
Dennis Jubilant. The Dennis Jubilant was a front engined double decker bus chassis manufactured by Dennis between 1977 and 1981. It was specifically designed for contemporary operating environment (hilly roads and "one-man-operation" with a farebox) in Hong Kong.

The chassis design featured a set-back front axle, which enabled the front door to be located in front of the front axle, and a strengthened chassis frame. It could be fitted with Gardner 6LXB engine and Voith DIWA 851 automatic gearbox.

The orders

Kowloon Motor Bus (KMB) received four Dennis Jubilant prototypes for evaluation, they were fitted with KMB's own bodywork (utilising parts from British Aluminium Company) and entered service in 1977/78. After the trial of the prototypes, KMB introduced 209 Jubilants with Alexander KB bodywork between 1979 and 1981, and 150 Jubilants with Duple Metsec bodywork between 1981 and 1982.

China Motor Bus (CMB) in Hong Kong ordered 30 Dennis Jubilants with Alexander CB bodywork, they entered service in 1980.

One Jubilant chassis was delivered to Cape Town, South Africa and was fitted with bodywork supplied by Bus Bodies (South Africa) Limited.

Air-conditioned Jubilant
Kowloon Motor Bus also received one air-conditioned Jubilant coach with Alexander KB bodywork and put it into service in 1980. The air-conditioner was driven by a separate engine mounted at the rear.  However, the air conditioning proved unreliable and was removed in 1983. The coach was downgraded to a bus few years later.

Withdrawal
China Motor Bus wrote off one of its Dennis Jubilants after a fire in 1993. The other 29 buses were transferred to New World First Bus on 1 September 1998 after the franchise of CMB was terminated, they were replaced by new buses by September 1999.

Kowloon Motor Bus also had two of its Jubilants prematurely withdrawn, and in 1994 started to withdraw the rest. During the process of withdrawal, some of the Jubilants took over the role of the Leyland Victory Mark 2 (the competitor of Dennis Jubilant) in the fleet. The last was withdrawn in January 2000.

See also
Leyland Victory Mark 2, bus manufactured by Leyland with similar design

References

External links

Jubilant
Double-decker buses
Vehicles introduced in 1977
Flying Tiger Line Flight 282. Flying Tiger Line Flight 282 refers to the crash of a Lockheed Super Constellation aircraft, N6915C, shortly after takeoff from San Francisco International Airport in the early morning hours of Thursday, December 24, 1964.

Description
On Wednesday, December 23, 1964, Flying Tiger Line Flight 282 arrived at San Francisco International Airport from Japan. Filled with a cargo of electronic equipment, bolts of fabric, women's scarves, bandannas, purses, and costume jewelry for the Christmas holiday, the craft was refueled and then departed just after midnight with a crew of three,  of cargo,  of mail, and 5,000 gallons of high-octane aviation fuel. There crewmen aboard were: pilot Jabez A. Richards, 49, of Bayhead, New Jersey; Daniel W. Hennessy, 33, of Hillsborough, California, as co-pilot, and Paul M. Entz, 37, of North Hollywood, California, as flight engineer. The weather was heavy fog and rain. A large cold front was moving onshore; it had already caused the loss of a Coast Guard helicopter.

Going northwest from San Francisco Bay, Flight 282 was to head out over the ocean to circle and gain altitude, then travel east toward its destination of JFK International Airport in New York City. Shortly after takeoff, however, the plane veered to the left of its planned course. The pilot subsequently asked the tower for permission to change his radio setting from takeoff to departure frequency. Seconds later, the plane vanished from the tower's radar scope.

The "Super Connie" crashed near the top of Sweeney Ridge in San Bruno, very close to the site of a Coast Guard radio station. All three crew members aboard were killed. No one on the ground was killed or injured.

The Civil Aeronautics Board determined that the probable cause of the accident was that the pilot, for undetermined reasons, deviated from departure course into an area of rising terrain, where downdraft activity and turbulence affected the ability of the craft to climb.

References

External links
CAB Aircraft Accident Report, SA-382 File No. 1-0064 – PDF 
Transcription of the CAB Aircraft Accident Report, released June 8, 1966
Check-Six.com - The Crash of Flying Tiger Line Flight 282 - including period and recent photographs of the crash site

Aviation accidents and incidents in the United States in 1964
Airliner accidents and incidents caused by weather
Airliner accidents and incidents caused by pilot error
1964 in California
San Francisco International Airport
Accidents and incidents involving the Lockheed Constellation
Airliner accidents and incidents in California
0282
History of San Mateo County, California
December 1964 in the United States
MP-PET. Madhya Pradesh-Pre Engineering Test was a state level examination organised by the Vyapam Board for admission to Engineering Colleges in Madhya Pradesh, India. After 2007 over 1 million students participated in the exam each year  It was conducted by Vyapam, the Professional Examination Board of Madhya Pradesh. Vyapam had been conducting the MP-PET since 1981. PET was based on syllabus of subjects Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics of grade 11 and 12.

The examination is replaced by Joint Entrance Examination in 2014.

Format
MP PET format of exam paper was objective type questions with single correct choice. Till, 2011 PET exam was conducted in 2 sets containing 100 questions each, first set of Mathematics and other of Physics and Chemistry. Each set was of 2 hours duration. But, in 2012 and 2013, PET was conducted in 1 set only of 3 hours duration and containing 100 questions of Mathematics and 50-50 questions from Physics and Chemistry. The marking scheme was +1 for correct answers and 0  for the incorrect answer. Earlier the marking used to be out of 900 points (300 each for Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics), and it included negative marking. 3 points for the correct answer and -1 for the wrong answer.

MP-PET 2015 Eligibility
 
1. Students should pass in 10+2 scheme of MP Board of Secondary Education or equivalent with Physics, Chemistry, Maths and English securing 55% marks in aggregate.
2. Compartmental candidates are not considered.
3. Candidates who have appeared in the final year exam are also eligible.
4. Age of Candidates must be not more than 21 years on October 1 of the year of admission.
 
MP-PET 2015 Exam Pattern
 
It consists of objective type multiple choice questions (MCQs) in Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry (300 marks each).
[The first part of MP-PET exam will have questions based on the subjects Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry. The second part will be optional and it can be any one of the following subjects such as Physics & Chemistry, Physics & Biotechnology and Physics & Biology. Totally 100 questions will be asked and each part carries 50 questions.]
Medium of the exam is English.
There is no negative marking in this test.

References
MPPET 2015

Engineering colleges in Madhya Pradesh
Engineering entrance examinations in India
1981 establishments in Madhya Pradesh
Simulated fluorescence process algorithm. The Simulated Fluorescence Process (SFP) is a computing algorithm used for scientific visualization of 3D data from, for example, fluorescence microscopes. By modeling a physical light/matter interaction process, an image can be computed which shows the data as it would have appeared in reality when viewed under these conditions.

Principle

The algorithm considers a virtual light source producing excitation light that illuminates the object. This casts shadows either on parts of the object itself or on other objects below it. The interaction between the excitation light and the object provokes the emission light, which also interacts with the object before it finally reaches the eye of the viewer.

See also 

 Computer graphics lighting
 Rendering (computer graphics)

References

External links
 Freeware SFP renderer

Computational science
Computer graphics algorithms
Visualization (graphics)
Microscopes
Microscopy
Fluorescence
Kendal Power Station. Kendal Power Station is a coal-fired power station in Mpumalanga, South Africa. It is sited in a coal-mining area; one of its sources is AEMFC's coal mine at Vlakfontein, near Ogies.

History

Design
Kendal was built between 1982 and 1993. The first unit went online in 1988. On completion in 1993 it became the world's largest indirect dry-cooled power station. The total station water consumption of a dry-cooled system does not exceed 0,2lkWh, compared with the 2,5lkWh consumed by wet-cooled systems.  Evaporation losses in wet-cooled systems account for approximately 80% of the water requirements of a conventional wet-cooled power station.

Kendal is fired with coal mined in the Bombardie Cologne coalfield.  Twin overland conveyors transport the coal from the mine through the stock-year into the coalbunkers.

For each unit there is one cooling water system, including the cooling tower with its tuber bundle heat exchangers, three circulating pumps (units 4 to 6) two circulating pumps), one hot and one cold duct and a condenser.  The circulating water cools the condensate in the condenser.

The boilers are of the controlled circulation sub-critical design with coal-fired radiant furnaces and reheating.  Kendal's turbines are of the tandem compound reaction type. The two chimneys are 275 m, high structure, each having three internal brick flues, and their foundations rest on weathered bush-veld granite. With a height of 165 m and a base diameter of 165 m each, the cooling towers are the largest in the world.  Each shell required 16 800 m³ of concrete and 1 170 tons of reinforced steel to construct.

Kendal is currently the 22nd largest coal-fired power station in the world and largest power station of any kind in Africa.

Power generation
Power generation is done by six 686 MW units for a total installed capacity of 4,116 MW.  Design efficiency at rated turbine MCR: 35.30%

Environmental problems
In 2009, Kendal was the 10th most polluting power plant in the world.

Following a period of non-compliance of all six generation units at Kendal in 2018 and 2019, the Department of Environment, Forestry and fishery issued a Compliance Notice to Eskom on 10 December 2019, compelling operation of two units to cease, and ordered corrective measures to be undertaken in compliance with the Kendal's Atmospheric Emissions License (AEL). On 27 November 2020, Eskom was served with a summons for supplying misleading information to an Air Quality Officer. This followed an internal investigation and report prepared by Eskom Audit and Forensic (A&F) into air quality compliance and reporting, initiated by Eskom CEO Andre de Ruyter on 17 May 2020 following investigations and articles by EE Business Intelligence on these matters.

See also 

 Eskom
 Fossil-fuel power plant
 List of power stations in South Africa

References

External links
 Kendal Power Station on the Eskom-Website

Energy infrastructure completed in 1993
Coal-fired power stations in South Africa
Buildings and structures in Mpumalanga
Economy of Mpumalanga
20th-century architecture in South Africa