omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Kuraray. is a Japanese manufacturer of chemicals, fibers and other materials. Their main manufacturing facilities are located in Kurashiki, Okayama.  The company's Tokyo administrative offices are located in Otemachi, Chiyoda  in the Ote Center Building and its Osaka offices are located in the Umeda Hankyu Building). , Kuraray was the sole worldwide producer of Vectran liquid crystal polymer (LCP) fibre.

The company is listed in the first section of Tokyo Stock Exchange and is a member of the Nikkei 225 stock market index.

Kuraray is a member of the Mizuho keiretsu.

History 
In April 2015, Kuraray acquired the Australian manufacturer of biobased barrier films Plantic Technologies. In September 2017, Kuraray acquired Calgon Carbon for $1.1 billion, an activated carbon maker based in Pittsburgh. In February 2021, Kuraray signed the global framework of the United Nations Global Compact.

Product Offerings
Various products are described below:

Clarino
 EVAL
 Felibendy (nonwoven fabric of Sophista composite fiber, see below)
 Genestar
 MOWIOL
 MOWIFLEX
 MOWITAL / PIOLOFORM
 KURARAY POVAL
 Septon
 Sophista (fiber: polyester core, ethylene vinyl alcohol-coated)
Vectran
 Butacite® / TROSIFOL brand polyvinyl butyral

Gallery

Incidents 
In May 2018, an explosion occurred in Kuraray's Pasadena plant in the US, injuring 21 workers. The plant is the world's largest ethylene vinyl alcohol plant. Kuraray agreed to pay a total of $92 million in settlement to the affected employees. In September 2019, a plasticizer leaked from Kuraray's plant in Fayetteville to the Cape Fear River, forcing the Brunswick County to stop drawing water from the river.

References

External links

 Official global website 
 Kuraray America, Inc. 
 Kuraray Europe GmbH

 
Chemical companies based in Tokyo
Textile companies of Japan
Companies listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange
Companies in the Nikkei 225
Japanese companies established in 1926
Chemical companies established in 1926
Companies based in Osaka Prefecture
DPM. DPM may refer to:

Science and technology
 Damp-proof membrane, a membrane material applied to prevent moisture transmission
 Defects per million opportunities in manufacturing
 Diesel particulate matter, an occupational hazard due to diesel exhaust
 Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether, chemical compound
 Discrete particle method, any of a family of numerical methods
 Disintegrations per minute, a measure of the activity of the source of radioactivity
 Disappearing Positive Methodology, state-sponsored subversion of drug testing processes in Russian doping programme

Computing
 Data position measurement
 Digital Postmarks

 System Center Data Protection Manager, by Microsoft

Business

 Direct part marking, a barcode methodology used in many industries
 Diversified Project Management

Profession
 Deputy Prime Minister
 Diploma in Psychological Medicine
 Doctor of Podiatric Medicine
 Doctor of Project Management
 Doctor of Plant Medicine
 Doctor of Pastoral Music, in Doctor of Musical Arts

Other uses
 DPM. a variant of the Soviet Degtyaryov machine gun
 Detroit People Mover, an automated people mover system 
 Democratic Party of Macedonians (Demokratska partija Makedonaca), a political party in Serbia
 Disappearing Positive Methodology, in the McLaren Report
 Direct part marking, permanently marking parts with product information
 Disruptive Pattern Material, a camouflage pattern used by the British Armed Forces and others
 German Tank Museum, (German: )
Daniel Patrick Moynihan, American politician

See also
 DPMS (disambiguation)
 Deutscher Pfadfinderbund Mosaik (DPBM)

ca:DPM
RoboNexus. RoboNexus was a robotics event in the United States held from 2004 to 2005. Over 10,000 attended RoboNexus in 2004.

RoboNexus showcased advances in robotics for both industry representatives and the general public.  Notable exhibitors included the company iRobot, creators of Roomba, and NASA.

Robotics Trends also produces an annual RoboBusiness conference.

Events 
 2005 - San Jose Convention Center, San Jose, California

External links 
 

Robotics events
Robotics in the United States
Type 21. Type 21 can refer to:

 Type 21 frigate, or Amazon-class frigate, a late-20th-century escort vessel of the Royal Navy.
 Type 021-class missile boat, a Chinese missile-firing naval vessel first produced in about 1975, and still in production.
 Type XXI submarine, a German technologically advanced submarine produced in 1945.
 Type 21 Radar, a radar of the Imperial Japanese Navy

See also
 Class 21 (disambiguation)
Tombstone mentality. In aviation air safety, a tombstone mentality informally is a pervasive attitude of ignoring design defects until people have died because of them.  

Strictly speaking, tombstone mentality decisions are examples where there is no incentive for an economic actor to be a 'first mover' and promote safety.  Sometimes this is a result of market pressures (nobody wants to pay for extra safety, despite their talk), or, it may be a result of legal disincentives such as product liability lawsuits (if a design change is made that is not government approved and somebody is injured, even if the design change was not the reason for the injury, the company may be liable).

See also
Postcautionary principle
Precautionary principle

References

Aviation safety
SASL (programming language). SASL (St Andrews Static Language, alternatively  St Andrews Standard Language) is a purely functional programming language developed by David Turner at the University of St Andrews in 1972, based on the applicative subset of ISWIM.  In 1976 Turner redesigned and reimplemented it as a non-strict (lazy) language.  In this form it was the foundation of Turner's later languages Kent Recursive Calculator (KRC) and Miranda, but SASL appears to be untyped whereas Miranda has polymorphic types.

Burroughs Corporation used SASL to write a compiler and operating system.

Notes

References

External links 
 The SASL Language Manual

Academic programming languages
Functional languages
History of computing in the United Kingdom
Programming languages created in 1972
Smoke Squadron. The Aerial Demonstration Squadron (, EDA), popularly known as Smoke Squadron (Portuguese: Esquadrilha da Fumaça) is the Brazilian Air Force's air demonstration squadron. It is headquartered at the Brazilian Air Force Academy in Pirassununga, São Paulo.

History 
Its first display was on 14 May 1952 over Copacabana beach, using the North American T-6 Texan. The team used the T-6 from its formation until 1968, when it switched to the French Aérospatiale (Fouga) CM.170-2 Super Magister jet, called T-24 in FAB service. However, this model proved unsuitable to Brazilian conditions and, in 1972, the squadron reverted to the T-6, which was used until 1977.

The EDA was disbanded in 1977, but reformed on 8 December 1983 using Neiva T-25 Universal piston-powered aircraft, soon to be replaced by the then-new Embraer EMB-312 Tucano turboprop trainer. At the time the EDA's aircraft were painted a bright red scheme, which has since been superseded by the current gloss blue.

Objectives
The stated objective of the Smoke Squadron are:
 To bring together civilian and military aeronautical communities
 To contribute towards a better integration between the Air Force and the other Armed Forces
 To represent the Brazilian Air Force in Brazil and abroad
 To encourage youngsters to take up civilian and military aeronautical careers
 To show the quality of the Brazilian aerospace industry
 To show the capabilities of the Brazilian Air Force crews.

Aircraft
The aircraft used by the EDA have been, in chronological order:
 North American T-6 Texan for 1225 displays;
 Aérospatiale (Fouga) CM.170-2 Super Magister for 46 displays;
 Neiva T-25 Universal for 55 displays;
 Embraer EMB-312 Tucano with more than 2000 displays as of 2010;
 Embraer EMB-314 Super Tucano, being the two first ones delivered on September 30, 2012. In the subsequent two years, Super Tucanos have replaced the Tucano in the Smoke Squadron

References

External links
  
  
 Video showing the Esquadrilha da Fumaça in action

Brazilian Air Force
Aerobatic teams
Disposable Soft Synth Interface. Disposable Soft Synth Interface (DSSI) is a virtual instrument (software synthesizer) plugin architecture for use by music sequencer applications. It was designed for applications running under Linux, although there is nothing specific to Linux in the interface itself. It is distributed under the terms of a combination of LGPL-2.1-or-later and some BSD licenses, all of which are free software licences.

Features 
DSSI is sometimes described as Linux Audio Developer's Simple Plugin API (LADSPA) for instruments. LADSPA is an audio effects plugin architecture for filters, reverbs and other sound processing software tools, whereas DSSI was designed specifically for instrument plugins that generate sound from note events. DSSI extends LADSPA by adding note event delivery, but it also adds predefined program selections and a method for plugins to provide their own user interfaces, both of which may also be used by effects plugins.
This is partly because DSSI was intended to be a lightweight addition to LADSPA that would require little extra effort from authors of LADSPA hosts and plugins to support, and partly to avoid distracting too much developer effort from the Generalized Music Plug-in Interface (GMPI) plug-in initiative (which has since stalled). Perhaps as a partial consequence of this early offhand approach to publicity, the number of DSSI plugins available remains small. A successor which reunites the two standards LADSPA and DSSI is LV2.

DSSI hosts on Linux can also host some Virtual Studio Technology (VST) instruments (VSTi) for Microsoft Windows using the dssi-vst wrapper plug-in, which in turn makes use of the Wine compatibility layer. The major programs supporting DSSI are Qtractor, Renoise and Rosegarden.

See also 

 Free audio software

External links 
 DSSI – API for audio processing plugins
 Disposable Soft Synth Interface (DSSI) plugins
 The project's README file – which includes licence information at the endv
 

Application programming interfaces
Music software plugin architectures
Free audio software
Software derived from or incorporating Wine
Frederick Karl Gampper Jr.. Frederick Karl Gampper Jr. (28 August 1893 - 3 March 1961) was a dirigible pilot with license #53 issued by the Aero Club of America, and a licensed free balloon pilot. His mentors included Ralph H. Upson and Herman Kraft.

Biography
Frederick Karl Gampper worked for Goodyear from around 1913 to 1921, primarily in their lighter-than-air division. He was supervisor of dirigible operations, liaison to the Navy, pilot and instructor in Key West and Akron at Goodyear's Wingfoot Lake facility from 1917 to 1921. Gampper was chief pilot of the Wingfoot Air Express, an early Goodyear blimp that was to make history in Chicago on Monday, July 21, 1919, when the worst dirigible disaster in United States history occurred on that date. Because the blimp was overweight on this occasion, Gampper had to allow a  thinner pilot to make the flight. The highly flammable hydrogen in the blimp ignited over downtown Chicago causing the airship to crash through the skylight of the  Illinois Trust and Savings Building. The accident killed one crew member, two passengers, and ten bank employees.  In the aftermath of the crash, Chicago changed rules for flights over the city as well as closing the Grant Park Airstrip and creating Chicago Air Park.

Gampper left Goodyear in 1921 to assume the role of chief pilot of the Commercial Airship Syndicate, Ltd., one of the first commercial airlines in the United States. They ran mail and passengers between Kansas City, Missouri and Oklahoma City. The Syndicate's offices were located at the Gumbel Building in Kansas City, and their small Goodyear Pony Blimp was hangared at a location along the river. The company closed after their hangar and blimp were destroyed during a windstorm.

Gampper's greatest contribution to lighter-than-air flight was as a teacher to many of the men who would go on to design, command, and fly America's great dirigibles: the USS Shenandoah (ZR-1), USS Los Angeles (ZR-3), USS Macon (ZRS-5), and USS Akron (ZRS-4).

Much of his collection is with the Smithsonian Air And Space Museum, Washington, D.C. on loan from his grandson, James Michael Gampper.  It consists of blueprints, manuals, newspaper articles, brochures and photographs of airships and balloons during the early part of the 20th century. The airships included are the US Army airship Roma, the Wingfoot Express, and the Pony Blimp at Commercial Air Syndicate.

References

1893 births
1961 deaths
Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company people
Supply shock. A supply shock is an event that suddenly increases or decreases the supply of a commodity or service, or of commodities and services in general. This sudden change affects the equilibrium price of the good or service or the economy's general price level.

In the short run, an economy-wide negative supply shock will shift the aggregate supply curve leftward, decreasing the output and increasing the price level. For example, the imposition of an embargo on trade in oil would cause an adverse supply shock, since oil is a key factor of production for a wide variety of goods. A supply shock can cause stagflation due to a combination of rising prices and falling output. The 1973 Oil Crisis is often used as the exemplar case of a supply shock, when OPEC restrictions on production and sale of petroleum resulted in fuel shortages throughout the developed world. 

In the short run, an economy-wide positive supply shock will shift the aggregate supply curve rightward, increasing output and decreasing the price level. A positive supply shock could be an advance in technology (a technology shock) which makes production more efficient, thus increasing output.

Technical analysis 

The slope of a demand curve determines how much the price level and output respond to the shock, with more inelastic demand (and hence a steeper demand curve) causing there to be a larger effect on the price level and a smaller effect on quantity.

See also 
 Shock (economics)
 Commodity price shock
 Demand shock
 Technology shock
 Macroeconomics
 Stagflation
 Supply and demand

References

Bibliography 
 Czech, Brian, Supply Shock: Economic Growth at the Crossroads and the Steady State Solution, (Gabriola Island, Canada, 2013)

Business cycle
Supply-side economics
Class 03. Class 03 may refer to:

British Rail Class 03, a class of post-war, British diesel-mechanical shunter,
DRG Class 03, a class of inter-war, German standard steam locomotive (Einheitslokomotive) for express train duties on lighter main lines.
DRG Class 03.10, a streamlined, 3-cylinder development of the above DRG Class 03 built at the outset of World War II.

See also
Class 3 (disambiguation)
Powellite. Powellite is a calcium molybdate mineral with formula CaMoO4. Powellite crystallizes with tetragonal – dipyramidal crystal structure as transparent adamantine blue, greenish-brown, yellow-to-grey typically anhedral forms. It exhibits distinct cleavage, and has a brittle-to-conchoidal fracture. It has a Mohs hardness of 3.5 to 4 and a specific gravity of 4.25. It forms a solid solution series with scheelite (calcium tungstate, CaWO4). It has refractive index values of nω=1.974 and nε=1.984.

Powellite was first described by William Harlow Melville in 1891 for an occurrence in the Peacock Mine, Adams County, Idaho, and named for American explorer and geologist, John Wesley Powell (1834–1902).

It occurs in hydrothermal ore deposits of molybdenum within the near-surface oxidized zones. It also appears as a rare mineral phase in pegmatite, tactite and basalt. Minerals found in association with powellite include molybdenite, ferrimolybdite, stilbite, laumontite and apophyllite.

References

 Palache, C., H. Berman, and C. Frondel (1951) Dana’s System of Mineralogy, (7th edition), v. II, pp. 1079–1081.

External links

Calcium minerals
Molybdate minerals
Tetragonal minerals
Minerals in space group 88
Luminescent minerals
OBA. Oba or OBA may refer to:

Science, technology, business, management

 Office Business Applications, software which uses applications within the Microsoft Office system
 On base average, a baseball statistic
 Online Behavioral Advertising, a range of technologies and techniques used by online website publishers and advertisers
 Optical Brightening Agent, a type of dye used in fabric and paper
 Output-based aid, a type of aid to support the delivery of public services in developing countries
 Out-of-band agreement, in communications
 Oxygen Breathing Apparatus, an oxygen supply system used by the US Navy for firefighting

Organisations and institutions
Oklahoma Bible Academy, a Christian secondary institution in Enid, Oklahoma, U.S.
Oklahoma Bankers Association, a trade association in Oklahoma, U.S.
Oklahoma Bar Association, the state bar (legal association) of Oklahoma, U.S.
One Bermuda Alliance, a Bermuda political party
Only Boys Aloud, Welsh male voice choir
Ontario Bar Association
Openbare Bibliotheek Amsterdam, the public library of Amsterdam
Ormiston Bolingbroke Academy, a school in Runcorn, England

People 

 Oba (ruler), a Yoruba title for Kings and Royals. 
 Ōba, a Japanese surname
 Oba Chandler (19462011), an American murderer executed in 2011

Places 
 Oba, Ontario a remote hamlet in Ontario, Canada
 Oba Island, in Vanuatu
 Oba-Igbomina, a town in Nigeria
 Oba, Anambra, a town in Anambra State, Nigeria
 Oba River, a river in Nigeria
 Orange Beach, Alabama
 Oba, Indonesia - that part of the administered area of the town of Tidore lying on Halmahera Island
 Oba Market, Historical market at Ring Road in Edo State, Nigeria

Other 

 Oba: The Last Samurai, a 2011 Japanese film
 Oba (orisha), a spirit who is prominent in various Traditional African religions and Afro-American religions

See also 

 Ago-Oba, an electoral ward in the city of Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
 Obba (disambiguation)
Methyl acetate. Methyl acetate, also known as MeOAc, acetic acid methyl ester or methyl ethanoate, is a carboxylate ester with the formula CH3COOCH3. It is a flammable liquid with a characteristically pleasant smell reminiscent of some glues and nail polish removers.   Methyl acetate is occasionally used as a solvent, being weakly polar and lipophilic, but its close relative ethyl acetate is a more common solvent being less toxic and less soluble in water.   Methyl acetate has a solubility of 25% in water at room temperature.  At elevated temperature its solubility in water is much higher.  Methyl acetate is not stable in the presence of strong aqueous bases or aqueous acids. Methyl acetate is not regulated as a volatile organic compound in the USA.

Preparation and reactions
Methyl acetate is produced industrially via the carbonylation of methanol as a byproduct of the production of acetic acid. Methyl acetate also arises by esterification of acetic acid with methanol in the presence of strong acids such as sulfuric acid; this production process is famous because of Eastman Kodak's intensified process using a reactive distillation.

Reactions
In the presence of strong bases such as sodium hydroxide or strong acids such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid it is hydrolyzed back into methanol and acetic acid, especially at elevated temperature.  The conversion of methyl acetate back into its components, by an acid, is a first-order reaction with respect to the ester. The reaction of methyl acetate and a base, for example sodium hydroxide, is a second-order reaction with respect to both reactants.

Methyl acetate is a Lewis base that forms 1:1 adducts  with a variety of Lewis acids. It is classified as a hard base and is a base in the ECW model with EB =1.63 and CB = 0.95.

Applications
A major use of methyl acetate is as a volatile low toxicity solvent in glues, paints, and nail polish removers.

Acetic anhydride is produced by carbonylation of methyl acetate in a process that was inspired by the Monsanto acetic acid synthesis.

See also
 Ethyl acetate

References

Methyl esters
Ester solvents
Acetate esters
Sweet-smelling chemicals
Electrostriction. In electromagnetism, electrostriction is a property of all electrical non-conductor or dielectrics. Electrostriction causes these materials to change their shape under the application of an electric field. It is the dual property to magnetostriction.

Explanation 
Electrostriction is a property of all dielectric materials, and is caused by displacement of ions in the crystal lattice upon being exposed to an external electric field. The cause of electrostrictive is linked to anharmonic effects. Positive ions will be displaced in the direction of the field, while negative ions will be displaced in the opposite direction. This displacement will accumulate throughout the bulk material and result in an overall strain (elongation) in the direction of the field. The thickness will be reduced in the orthogonal directions characterized by Poisson's ratio. All insulating materials consisting of more than one type of atom will be ionic to some extent due to the difference of electronegativity of the atoms, and therefore exhibit electrostriction.

The resulting strain (ratio of deformation to the original dimension) is proportional to the square of the polarization. Reversal of the electric field does not reverse the direction of the deformation.

More formally, the electrostriction coefficient is a rank four tensor (), relating the rank two strain tensor () and the electric polarization density vector (i.e. rank one tensor; )

The electrostrictive tensor satisfies

The related piezoelectric effect occurs only in a particular class of dielectrics.  Electrostriction applies to all crystal symmetries, while the piezoelectric effect only applies to the 20 piezoelectric point groups.  Piezoelectricity is a result of electrostrictive in ferroelectric materials. Electrostriction is a quadratic effect, unlike piezoelectricity, which is a linear effect.

Materials 
Although all dielectrics exhibit some electrostriction, certain engineered ceramics, known as relaxor ferroelectrics, have extraordinarily high electrostrictive constants. The most commonly used are
 lead magnesium niobate (PMN)
 lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate (PMN-PT)
 lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT)

Magnitude of effect 

Electrostriction can produce a strain on the order of 0.1% for some materials. This occurs at a field strength of 2 million volts per meter (2 MV/m) for the material PMN-15. Electrostriction exists in all materials, but is generally negligible.

Applications 

 Sonar projectors for submarines and surface vessels
 Actuators for small displacements 
 Sensors, provided a bias electric field or pre-stress is present.

See also 
 Magnetostriction
 Photoelasticity
 Piezomagnetism
 Piezoelectricity
 Relaxor ferroelectric

References

Further reading
 "Electrostriction." Encyclopædia Britannica.
 Mini dictionary of physics (1988) Oxford University Press
 "Electronic Materials" by Prof. Dr. Helmut Föll

Materials science
Electric and magnetic fields in matter