omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Site manager. In the construction industry, site managers, often referred to as construction managers, site agents or building managers, are responsible for the day-to-day on site running of a construction project. Site managers are required to keep within the timescale and budget of a project, and manage any delays or problems encountered on-site during a construction project. Also involved in the role is the managing of quality control, health and safety checks and the inspection of work carried out. Many site managers will be involved before site activity takes place, and are responsible for managing communications between all parties involved in the on-site development of the project. Site managers are often required to deal with inquiries and communication with the public. Typically a site manager is employed by a construction company, contractor or civil engineering firm but they are often employed by local authorities to oversee the refurbishment of council owned properties.

Qualifications

Qualifying as a site manager in the UK can be done by several routes, with many site managers having progressed from project or contract management roles. The Chartered Institute of Building (CIOB) provides an educational and accreditation framework for structural engineers and other roles in the industry, and a specific Graduate Diploma Programme for those occupying jobs in construction but without a construction related degree.

Career and remuneration

Site managers' remuneration depends on a number of factors including sector, level of experience and the size of the project. A 2010 salary survey of the construction and built environment industry showed the average annual salary of a site manager in the UK to be £36,981. Site managers in areas of growth in the construction industry such as the Middle East earn more, with the average earning across all sector and all levels of experience at £42,424.

Read more 
Construction management

References

External links 
 BBC Student Life - Site Manager

Construction trades workers
Architecture occupations
Building engineering
Construction and extraction occupations
Polycyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate. Polycyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate (PCT) is a thermoplastic polyester formed from the polycondensation of terephthalic acid and cyclohexanedimethanol.  Its chemical structure is similar to that of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), with which it shares properties like dimensional stability and chemical resistance. PCT is also particularly resistant to high temperatures and hydrolysis. The melting point is 285 °C (545 °F). Common brand names are Thermx (Ticona), Eastar (Eastman) and SkyPURA (SK Chemicals).

Application 
Polycyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate has good dimensional stability at excess temperatures (short-term up to 256 °C (493 °F)) making this material suitable for injection molding or 3D printing of thin-walled parts. PCT is used for electronics components like plug connectors. PCT is also processed into filaments, fibers, and fabrics that are used in industry as filters. The color stability and lower density are of advantage in other applications, especially in the LED reflector application.

References

External links 
 PCT using the example of Thermx (PDF)
 Polycyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate (PCT) on MatWeb

Polyesters
Thermoplastics
Terephthalate esters
Maya Paczuski. Maya Paczuski (born April 7, 1963) is the head and founder of the Complexity Science Group at the University of Calgary. She is a well-cited physicist whose work spans self-organized criticality, avalanche dynamics, earthquake, and complex networks.  She was born in Israel in 1963, but grew up in the United States.  Maya Paczuski received a B.S. and M.S. in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science from M.I.T. in 1986 and then went on to study with Mehran Kardar, earning her Ph.D in Condensed matter physics from the same institute.

Before founding the Complexity Science Group at the University of Calgary, she held appointments at numerous institutions around the world, most notably, M.I.T., Brookhaven National Laboratory, the Niels Bohr Institute (Copenhagen, Denmark), the University of Houston, NORDITA (Copenhagen, Denmark), Imperial College London, the von Neumann Institute for Computing at Forschungszentrum Jülich, and the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, where she organized and ran the first complex systems and statistical physics program.  Paczuski was married to the late Danish theoretical physicist Per Bak, with whom she has coauthored papers.

See also
 Self-organized criticality
 Geophysics
 Complexity
 Boolean network
 Complex network
 Aftershock

Selected publications

References

External links
 Maya Paczuski's Homepage

Canadian physicists
Academic staff of the University of Calgary
Living people
Canadian women physicists
American women scientists
Israeli women scientists
Israeli women physicists
1963 births
Canadian women scientists
American women academics
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
South Australian Railways 900 class. The 900 class were a class of diesel locomotives built by Islington Railway Workshops for the South Australian Railways between 1951 and 1953.

History
The 900 class were the first mainline diesels operated by the South Australian Railways. Ten were built at Islington Railway Workshops to replace steam locomotives on the heavily graded Mount Lofty Ranges. They operated both heavy freight trains and passenger services including The Overland. After the arrival of more powerful diesel, they were concentrated on the easier-graded lines from Adelaide to Port Pirie and Peterborough.

In March 1978, all were included in the transfer of the South Australian Railways to Australian National. Withdrawals commenced in May 1979 with the last two withdrawn on 18 June 1985 after operating a cement train from Angaston to Dry Creek. Three have been preserved with the other seven scrapped.

Preserved
Three units have been preserved:
900 Lady Norrie resides at the National Railway Museum, Port Adelaide
907 resides in Tailem Bend under private ownership in derelict condition
909 resides in Tailem Bend under private ownership being standard gauge converted and soon to be restored

References

English Electric brochure TD120 https://www.flickr.com/photos/29903115@N06/6747430491

A1A-A1A locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1951
900
Broad gauge locomotives in Australia
Diesel–electric locomotives of Australia
English Electric locomotives
Streamlined diesel locomotives
Japan Electric Association. The  (JEA) is a membership organisation for the electricity sector in Japan and, although it has roots dating back to 1892, was founded in October 1921. It currently has around 4,800 corporate and individual members.

Activities
The JCA has a number of committees that set national technical guidelines (JEAGs), codes (JEACs) and standards covering areas ranging from electrical safety to the design of nuclear power stations some of which are regarded as optional 'independent standards of the private sectors' while others have official status as the 'standards of academic societies and associations'.

The JCA also acts as the main lobby group for the Japanese power companies and is active in promoting nuclear power.

Among its other work, the JCA promotes education, publishes a range of books and guides, and holds lectures, seminars and cultural events. Since 1942 the ECA has published The Denki Shimbun (The Electric Daily News), founded in 1907 as the Electrical News.

Nuclear power

Through the work of its committees, the JCA prepares and publishes a number of codes and guides for the Japanese nuclear power industry, including the Rules of Quality Assurance for Safety of Nuclear Power Plants (JEAC 4111-2003) and the Guideline for Development and Design of Computerized Human-Machine Interface in the Central Control Room (JEAG 4617-2005), intended to meet the performance requirements specified under the Electricity Utilities Industry Law As of 2007, the Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency were engaged in the process of evaluating certain standards produced by the JEA and others for technical adequacy.

There have been allegations that the JEA wields too much power in setting standards. Professor Katsuhiko Ishibashi, one of the seismologists on a Japanese government subcommittee that produced the 2006 Regulatory Guide for Reviewing Seismic Design of Nuclear Power Reactor Facilities claimed that the review process was 'unscientific' and the outcome rigged to suit the interests of the JEA, which had 11 of its committee members on the 19-member government subcommittee and that among other problems the guide was 'seriously flawed' as a consequence because it underestimated the design basis earthquake ground motion.

History

Between 1923 and January 1, 1965, the JEA was one of the bodies authorised to inspect electricity meters, a function subsequently transferred to the Japan Electric Meters Inspection Corporation (JEMIC).

The Japan Electrical Safety & Environment Technology Laboratories (JET) were founded as the Japan Electrical Testing Laboratories of Japan Electric Association in February 1963.

Past presidents
Goro Inoue
Yasuzaemon Matsunaga

See also

Electricity sector in Japan
Energy in Japan
Nuclear power in Japan

External links
 Official web site
The Denki Shimbun (The Electric Daily News)
Japan Science and Technology Agency: Journal of the Japan Electric Association

References

Electric power in Japan
Energy in Japan
Nuclear power in Japan
Trade associations based in Japan
Organizations established in 1921
Energy business associations
Engineering organizations
1921 establishments in Japan
Purushottam School of Engineering and Technology. Purushottam School of Engineering and Technology (PSET) is a private co-aid diploma engineering college affiliated to SCTE & VT, which is located in semi rural place of Mandiakudar. Its infrastructure is half shared with degree college campus of PIET. Presently, the diploma school has been shifted to the main campus of one of the block of old degree Purushottam Institute of Engineering and Technology. The old diploma school campus building is now serving as permanent location for Gayatri science college offering B.Sc courses under Sambalpur University for nearby student's of Mandiakudar.

Admission process 
The diploma engineering students are admitted through DET, Odisha which is a state gov. organized national level entrance test.

References

State Council for Technical Education & Vocational Training
All India Council for Technical Education
Engineering colleges in Odisha
Universities and colleges in Rourkela
Educational institutions established in 2008
2008 establishments in Orissa
Integrated Utility Services UK. Integrated Utility Services is a high voltage electrical contracting business owned by an electrical distribution company and is based in Yorkshire in England. It is owned by Northern Powergrid which is the distribution network operator for the North East England and Yorkshire regions.

History
The company was created after the takeover of Northern Electric by CalEnergy in 1996. The company disposed of the supply business of Northern Electric to Innogy in 2001 in exchange for the distribution business of Yorkshire Electricity.

References

External links 

 Northern Powergrid Homepage
Integrated Utility Services Homepage

Berkshire Hathaway
Companies based in Tyne and Wear
Electric power companies of the United Kingdom
Kul Ratna Tuladhar. Kul Ratna Tuladhar, CBE () (6 July 1918 – 2 March 1984) was the first chief engineer of Nepal's Public Works Department where he served since its establishment in 1951 till 1957. The highlight of his term was the construction of Tribhuvan Highway which opened in 1956. This is Nepal's first highway and links the capital Kathmandu with the Indian border to the south.

Tuladhar also played a major role in the development of engineering education in Nepal's modern history.

Early life

Tuladhar was born in Asan, Kathmandu to father Asha Ratna and mother Laxmi Maya Tuladhar. After graduating from Durbar High School in Kathmandu in 1935, he enrolled in Tri-Chandra College in Kathmandu and studied Intermediate in Science, subsequently graduating from Patna University, India in 1937. Tuladhar then pursued further studies at Calcutta University and earned a Bachelor in Engineering in 1941.

Career

Returning to Nepal, Tuladhar joined government service the same year as headmaster of the Engineering Section, Technical School under the Department of Education. In 1951, he became chief engineer of the Public Works Department where he was in charge of design, construction, maintenance and repair of government buildings, roads and bridges in Nepal. Construction of Tribhuvan Highway began in 1953 which marked the start of Nepal's drive towards modernization.

In 1954, Tuladhar became a member of the executive committee of the Nepal Council of World Affairs.

In 1955, Tuladhar went to London and studied at the Architectural Association School of Architecture from where he earned a certificate of post-graduate course in tropical architecture.

He was appointed principal of Nepal Engineering Institute in Lalitpur in 1962, subsequently becoming the first dean of the Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu in 1973. In 1977, he was appointed a member of the Public Service Commission by the king of Nepal in which capacity he served till 1983.

Tuladhar has co-authored with Ram Krishna Sharma a book on highway construction entitled Manual of Highway Design and Construction which was published in 1960.

Awards

Tuladhar was decorated with the Honorary Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1962. He was awarded the Order of Gorkha Dakshina Bahu I Class in 1969 and the Order of Tri Shakti Patta II Class in 1983 by the king of Nepal.

Legacy

In 2010, a life-sized statue of Tuladhar was erected on the premises of the Institute of Engineering at Pulchok, Lalitpur. A street in downtown Kathmandu was named Kul Ratna Marg by Kathmandu Metropolitan City.

References

1918 births
1984 deaths
Nepalese engineers
People from Kathmandu
Members of the Order of Gorkha Dakshina Bahu, First Class
Members of the Order of Tri Shakti Patta, Second Class
Honorary commanders of the Order of the British Empire
University of Calcutta alumni
20th-century engineers
Durbar High School alumni
Nepalese members of the Order of the British Empire
20th-century Nepalese nobility
1947 Korangi Creek crash. The Korangi Creek crash took place on 27 December 1947 when an Air India flight from Karachi to Bombay crashed shortly after takeoff. All 19 passengers and 4 crew members were killed. Poor visibility and malfunctioning instruments in the cockpit led the pilots to lose control. The Douglas C-48 aircraft was damaged beyond repair.

This was the first airline fatality in Pakistan after its independence in 1947. As of 2022, it is the 15th worst aircraft accident in the country.

Aircraft
The Douglas C-48 involved was built in 1941 as a civilian Douglas DC-3A-314 with construction number 4175 and registered NC30006 and operated for Pan Am. In 1942 the aircraft was converted to a C-48C with tail number 42-38336 for the USAAF. After WWII, the aircraft was declared surplus and phased out and was subsequently sold to Air India and registered VT-AUG.

Events 
The aircraft was on an international scheduled flight from Karachi to Bombay, carrying 19 passengers and 4 crew members. The pilot had called the mechanic to the cockpit just before takeoff to inspect an instrument light failure. The problem was fixed after the fuses were replaced, however, the mechanic was recalled as only one of the landing lights was operational. The captain decided to conduct this flight using only this light. He also remarked that he could smell something burning.

Ten minutes after takeoff, the aircraft was observed to be losing altitude over Korangi Creek Cantonment, and crashed with engines under power. It hit the ground at an angle of 30° whilst in a violent side slip to starboard. All 23 occupants were killed.

References

External links
 

Air India accidents and incidents
Aviation accidents and incidents in 1947
Aviation accidents and incidents in Pakistan
1947 in Pakistan
Accidents and incidents involving the Douglas DC-3
History of Sindh (1947–present)
December 1947 events in Asia
1947 disasters in Pakistan
Plasma deep drilling technology. Plasma deep drilling technology is one of several drilling technologies that may be able to replace conventional, contact-based rotary systems. These new technologies include plasma deep drilling, water jet, hydrothermal spallation and laser. Companies that embrace plasma-drilling method include GA Drilling, headquartered in Bratislava, Slovakia.

High-energy plasma

High-energy plasma is a technology that targets deep drilling applications. It addresses issues related to drilling in water environments or boreholes with varying diameters.

Physical principle of electrical plasma

An electric arc is a breakdown of a gas that produces a plasma discharge, resulting from a current flowing through normally nonconductive media such as air or another gas. An arc discharge is characterized by a lower voltage than a glow discharge, and relies on thermionic emission of electrons from the electrodes supporting the arc. The electric arc is influenced by factors such as: the gas flow, inner and outer magnetic fields, and construction elements of the chamber that confines the arc. The development of plasma torches to be used as a source of the thermal plasma demands a deep understanding of the discharge chamber processes.

Advantages

 Higher drilling energy efficiency
 Continuous drilling without replacement of mechanical parts
 Constant casing diameter
 Effective transport of disintegrated rock

See also

GA Drilling
New drilling technologies
Drilling rig
Quaise
Oil well
Research Centre for Deep Drilling

References

 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (2006) "The Future of Geothermal Energy"
 Celim Slovakia (2011) "Arc Discharge, Plasma Torch (different approaches)"
 Pierce, K.G., Livesay, B.J., Finger J.T. (1996) "Advanced Drilling System Study"

Drilling technology
Geothermal drilling
Geothermal energy
Mining engineering
Plasma technology and applications
Survivable Communications Integration System. The Survivable Communications Integration System was the replacement missile early warning communication system.  SCIS was a program replacement awarded in the 1980s.  The system was designed and delivered (late), with final introduction in the late 1990s.

In a GAO article published in 1992, E-Systems (the prime contractor) was significantly over budget and significantly delayed.

Management and development problems with the SCIS program have contributed to a 65 percent increase in program costs (from $142 million to $234 million) and a 3-year delay in completion (from 1992 to 1995). After working on SCIS for 4 years, the prime contractor was unable to deliver a system that could process sensor data fast enough to meet Air Force specifications. To help solve the problem, the Air Force is allowing the contractor to replace the computer platform, for the second time at government expense, with a faster, more powerful model.

References

External articles
Article title

Warning systems
2-Propylheptanol. 2-Propylheptanol (2PH) is a chemical compound with various industrial uses.  It is a colorless, waxy solid.

Production
2-Propylheptanol is an oxo alcohol, meaning that it is produced from the hydroformylation ("oxo synthesis") of C4 alkenes followed by hydrogenation of the resulting aldehyde.  It can also be prepared by a production route that is similar to that for 2-ethylhexanol:

Applications
Such compounds enjoy many applications, including as raw materials for plasticizers, resins, processing solvents, and precursors to detergents. Heat stabilizers manufactured for PVC compounds use similar high boiling and high molecular weight oxo-alcohols, which enhance product performance. A further application area of this C10 alcohol is for the manufacture of oleate- and palmitate-based materials used by the cosmetics industry. Due to its very limited miscibility with water, 2PH can be used as a special solvent, with potential application in life sciences.  A promising application of these alcohols would be as precursors to acrylate monomers, potentially conferring enhanced flexibility.

References

Alkanols
Engineering Institution of Macedonia. Engineering Institution of Macedonia is Macedonia's regulatory authority for registration of chartered and Incorporated engineers and technicians, holding a register of these and providing advice to students, engineers, employers and academic institutions on the standards for registration and procedures for registration. It is responsible for the accreditation of educational and training programmes, delegating this responsibility to Licensed Member institutions.

Engineer's Ring
The Engineering Institution of Macedonia awards the best graduate students with Engineers Ring. The ring is a crown of oak leaves on top of which is embedded sign of Engineering Institution of Macedonia.

Divisions

Association of architects of Macedonia
Macedonian Association of Structural Engineers
Association of thermal engineers
Society of thermal engineers
Association of Physics Engineers
Macedonian Energy Association
Society for Electronics, Telecommunications, Automatics and Informatics
Union of Geodesy Societies
Association of Civil Engineers
Union of electrical engineers
Union of engineers in Forestry and wood industry
Association of Mechanical Engineers
Union of metallurgists
Union of Miners and geologists
Association of transportation engineers
Association of Textile Engineers
Union of Agricultural Engineers
Association of chemists and technologists
Horticultural Association

References

Engineering societies
Professional associations based in North Macedonia
Great Wall Voleex C30. The Great Wall Voleex C30 is a subcompact car manufactured by the Chinese company Great Wall Motors from 2010 to 2016. It has only been produced as a four-door sedan.

Overview
In China, the Voleex C30 is available with a 1.5 L petrol engine which produces  and  of torque and mated either to a 5-speed manual or CVT. An EV version was available for the 2017 model year.

Great Wall announced that 100,000 units had been produced by March 2011, only ten months after production had started. The Voleex C30 was awarded the title of "2010 CCTV Compact Passenger Car of the Year in China".

It has been sold by the Bulgarian company Litex Motors starting from 2013. Other markets where it has been exported include Chile, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Ukraine, and South Africa.

The Bulgarian version is available in two trim levels: One and Star, both fitted with manual transmission and the 1.5-lite engine, which produces . The Voleex C30 can reach a top speed of  and can accelerate from rest to   in 11.3 seconds.

Safety
It scored five stars in a crash test performed by China-NCAP in February 2011, and the model received certification for marketing within the European Union in December 2011.

References

External links
Official website

C-NCAP superminis
Voleex C30
Cars introduced in 2010
2010s cars
Cars of China
Braunstein–Ghosh–Severini entropy. In network theory, the Braunstein–Ghosh–Severini entropy (BGS entropy) of a network is the von Neumann entropy of a density matrix given by a normalized Laplacian matrix of the network. This definition of entropy does not have a clear thermodynamical interpretation. The BGS entropy has been used in the context of quantum gravity.

Notes and references

Quantum mechanical entropy