Rafael L. Bras. Rafael Luis Bras (born 1950) is a Puerto Rican civil engineer best known for his contributions in surface hydrology and hydrometeorology, including his work in soil-vegetation-atmosphere system modeling.

Bras served as the provost and executive vice president of Academic Affairs at the Georgia Institute of Technology from 2010 to 2020 with faculty appointments in the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering and the School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, and continues to be a professor at Georgia Tech.

Education
A native of Puerto Rico, graduated from Colegio San Ignacio de Loyola. Bras studied at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he received a bachelor's (1972), a master's in civil engineering (1974), and a science doctorate in water resources and hydrology (1975).

Career
On completion of his doctorate, Bras worked for a time as an assistant professor at the University of Puerto Rico school of engineering.

Bras returned to MIT in July 1976, where he served for more than 32 years as a professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering and held an appointment in the Departments of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences. He is a past chair of the MIT faculty, former head of the Civil and Environmental Engineering department, and director of the Ralph M. Parsons Laboratory at MIT.

On April 24, 2008, Bras was appointed as Dean of The Henry Samueli School of Engineering at the University of California, Irvine, effective September 1, 2008.

On July 15, 2010, Bras was named provost of the Georgia Institute of Technology.
From 2010 to 2020, Bras was a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in the Schools of Civil and Environmental Engineering and of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences 
On January 22, 2020, Bras announced plans to step down as provost and remain a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology. He officially stepped down on October 1, 2020  and continues to be a professor in the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering.

Research
As an engineering hydrologist, Bras' major areas of interest include land-atmosphere interactions and geomorphology. 
With the goal of  "coherent understanding of the global water cycle", Bras and Peter S. Eagleson at MIT led scientists to rethink the role of water as an essential component of Earth systems. Bras' books Random functions and hydrology (1985) and Hydrology : an introduction to hydrologic science (1990) are considered foundational publications in hydrologic sciences, combining traditional land hydrology with atmospheric science, ecology, geology, and geomorphology.

Bras has integrated probability and statistics into hydrology to improve forecasting and risk estimation. By examining the interactions of precipitation, runoff, and soil moisture, he has improved river-flow forecasting and flood estimation.  Remote sensing, satellite data, and information technology can now be used to support distributed hydrologic modeling and the global mapping of water in near to real time.
Bras has developed models of the structure and evolution of river basins in terms of their fractal organization and geometry. His work enables researchers to better understand erosional development on hillslopes and channels within catchments. Mass transport processes modelled include fluvial sedimentation, creep, rainsplash and landslides.

In his work in  ecohydrology, Bras tries to integrate information about the hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere. He seeks to quantify the ways in which plants affect and are affected by hydrologic and energy cycles in the environment.  With Elfatih Eltahir he examined the role of precipitation recycling on the atmospheric branch of the water cycle of the Amazon River basin, and showed that deforestation can have serious impacts on climate. Bras is considered a leading authority on soil-vegetation-atmosphere system modelling and the evolution of landscapes due to climatic disturbances including global warming.

Bras is listed as an ISI highly cited researcher  by the Institute for Scientific Information in Ecology/Environment, Engineering. He is a registered professional engineer in several states.  He has served as a professional consultant in multiple projects around the world. Beginning in 1995 Bras chaired an international panel for oversight of a system of barriers for the flood protection of Venice, Italy.

Honors and awards
 2017, Lifetime Achievement Award, Environmental & Water Resources Institute (EWRI) of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
 2015, Distinguished Member, American Society of Civil Engineers
2011, Corresponding Member, National Academy of Sciences of Mexico (Academia Nacional de Ciencias de México) 
2010, Anthony J. Drexel Exceptional Achievement Award, Drexel University
2009, National Academy of Arts and Sciences of Puerto Rico (Academia de Artes y Ciencias de Puerto Rico)
2008, James R. Killian Jr. Faculty Achievement Award, MIT
2008, Simon W. Freese Environmental Engineering Award and Lecture, ASCE "for advancing the theory and practice of hydrologic sciences, including hydrometeorology and hydroclimatology."
2007, Honorary Diplomate of Water Resources Engineering, American Academy of Water Resources Engineers
2007, Robert E. Horton Medal, AGU
2006, Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science
2004, Corresponding Member, National Academy of Engineering, Mexico
2003, Hall of Fame (HHF), Hispanic Engineer National Achievement Awards Conference (HENAAC)
2002, NASA Exceptional Public Service Medal
2001, National Academy of Engineering, "For innovation in hydrological forecasting and hydrometeorology through application of new technology, probability, and statistics, and for the advancement of civil engineering education."
2001, Giants in Science Award of the Quality Education for Minorities (QEM) Mathematics, Science and Engineering Network
2000, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Leadership Award, MIT
1998, Clarke Prize Laureate for Outstanding Achievement in Water Science and Technology, National Water Research Institute (NWRI)
1994, Member, American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
1993, Walter Huber Civil Engineering Research Prize, ASCE
1992, Fellow, American Meteorological Society
1992, Honoris Causa Laurea, Instituto di Idraulica Agraria, Universita Degli Studi di Perugia, Italy
1982, James B. Macelwane Medal, American Geophysical Union
1982, Fellow, American Geophysical Union
1982, John Simon Guggenheim Fellowship
1981, Hydrologic Sciences Award, American Geophysical Union

Selected works
  Reprinted  Dover, 1993.

See also

List of Puerto Ricans
Puerto Rican scientists and inventors

References

Living people
1950 births
Colegio San Ignacio de Loyola alumni
People from San Juan, Puerto Rico
Puerto Rican academics
University of Perugia alumni
American hydrologists
American climatologists
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
University of California, Irvine faculty
Georgia Tech faculty
MIT School of Engineering alumni
Fellows of the American Geophysical Union