omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Mastercam. Mastercam is a suite of computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) and CAD/CAM software applications developed by CNC Software, LLC. Founded in Massachusetts in 1983, CNC Software are headquartered in Tolland, Connecticut.

Mastercam is CNC Software's main product. It started as a 2D CAM system with CAD tools that let machinists design virtual parts on a computer screen and also guided computer numerical controlled (CNC) machine tools in the manufacture of parts. Mastercam has been ranked by CIMdata Inc. as the most widely used CAM package in the world since 1994.

History

Early Versions

Early versions of Mastercam were released for MS-DOS and the  Apple IIe starting in the mid 1980s. 
Throughout the 1980s, Mastercam underwent significant development and improvements. It quickly gained popularity for its user-friendly interface and the robustness of its toolpaths, making it a preferred choice in manufacturing industries. As the software evolved, it added more features, such as 3D milling and lathe turning, to accommodate a wider range of manufacturing needs and complexities.

In its early days, Mastercam combined ease of use with powerful programming capabilities, allowing users to design parts and control CNC machines to manufacture parts precisely. The first version of Mastercam was released in 1983 and was one of the first to introduce CAD/CAM software designed for both machinists and engineers, enabling the transition from drawing board designs to digital CNC programming.

Modernization

In the 1990s, Mastercam significantly expanded its capabilities, introducing 3D design and machining functionalities along with high-speed machining options to cater to the increasing demand for precision in manufacturing. The software saw enhancements in its user interface and began integration with solid modeling, streamlining the design-to-manufacturing process.
 Mastercam's global reach and adoption grew during this period, supported by a network of resellers and educational partnerships, which helped prepare the next generation of machinists and engineers. This era marked a transformative phase for Mastercam, solidifying its position as a leading CAD/CAM software through technological advancements and a focus on meeting the evolving needs of the manufacturing industry.

Versions 
Mastercam has been released for different machine types and at times sold as stand alone components such as CAM or CAD individually.

Summary

References

External links
 CNC Software/Mastercam

 CNC Software/Mastercam Official Distributor

Companies based in Tolland County, Connecticut
Software companies based in Connecticut
Computer-aided manufacturing software
Technology companies of the United States
Tolland, Connecticut
Numerical control
1983 establishments in Massachusetts
Software companies of the United States
Sybase. Sybase, Inc. was an enterprise software and services company. The company produced software relating to relational databases, with facilities located in California and Massachusetts. Sybase was acquired by SAP in 2010; SAP ceased using the Sybase name in 2014.

History
1984: Robert Epstein, Mark Hoffman, Jane Doughty, and Tom Haggin founded Sybase (initially trading as Systemware) in Epstein's home in Berkeley, California. Their first commercial location was half of an office suite at 2107 Dwight Way in Berkeley. They set out to create a relational database management system (RDBMS) that will organize information and make it available to computers within a network.
March 1986: Systemware enters into talks with Microsoft to license Data Server, a database product built to run on UNIX computers.  Those talks lead to a product called Ashton-Tate/Microsoft SQL Server 1.0, shipping in May 1989.
May 1991: Systemware changes its name to Sybase.
January 1998: Sybase announces that it has found inconsistencies in profits reported from its Japanese division and will be restating company financial results for the last three quarters of 1997. Sybase determines that the inconsistencies are due to five executives in Sybase's Japanese subsidiary found to have used side letters to artificially inflate the profits from their operations. Following a class-action lawsuit, the five executives involved are fired.
November 1998: John S. Chen is appointed Chairman, CEO, and President.
2007: Sybase crosses the $1billion revenue mark.
March 2009: Sybase and SAP partner to deliver the SAP Business Suite software to iPhone, Windows Mobile, BlackBerry, and other devices.
May 2009: Sybase begins packaging MicroStrategy business intelligence software with its Sybase IQ server.
September 2009: Sybase and Verizon partner to manage mobility services for enterprises worldwide through Verizon's Managed Mobility Solutions, which uses Sybase's enterprise device management platform.
May 2010: SAP and Sybase, Inc. announce that SAP America, Inc. has signed a definitive merger agreement to acquire Sybase, Inc. for all outstanding shares of Sybase common stock, representing an enterprise value of approximately $5.8billion.
July 2010: SAP announces it has completed the acquisition of Sybase, Inc., the latter now a wholly owned subsidiary of SAP America.
October 2012: All of Sybase's employees are incorporated into SAP's workforce. On October30, 2012, SAP announces that Sybase, Inc. President and CEO John S. Chen will be leaving Sybase effective the very next day (October31, 2012) after leading Sybase for 15years.

See also
 Adaptive Server Enterprise

References

 
SAP SE acquisitions
Companies based in Alameda County, California
Software companies established in 1984
1984 establishments in California
Defunct software companies of the United States
Dublin, California
Defunct companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area
Software companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area
Data companies
2010 mergers and acquisitions
American subsidiaries of foreign companies
Cheddite. Cheddite is a class of explosive materials invented in 1897 by E. A. G. Street of the firm of Berges, Corbin et Cie and originally manufactured in the town of Chedde in Haute-Savoie, France, in the early twentieth century.

Closely related to Sprengel explosives, cheddites consisted of a high proportion of inorganic chlorates mixed with nitroaromatics (e.g. nitrobenzene or dinitrotoluene) plus a little paraffin or castor oil as a moderant for the chlorate. Several different types were made, and they were principally used in quarrying. Due to availability of ingredients and easy production process it was also the most common explosive material manufactured by the Polish Underground State in occupied Poland during World War II; it was used for production of the R wz. 42 and Filipinka hand grenades. 

Since the 1970s, Cheddite is the commercial name for primers CX series (CX 50, CX 1000 and CX 2000) for shotgun cartridges.

See also
 Sprengel explosive
 Boxer Primer

References

Explosives
Corkscrew (disambiguation). A corkscrew is a tool for drawing stopping corks from bottles.

Corkscrew may also refer to:

Fictional entities
 Corkscrew (comics), a mutant in Marvel Comics' X-Statix
 Corkscrew, a robot on Robot Wars

Roller coasters 
Corkscrew (roller coaster element), a type of roller coaster inversion
Corkscrew (Alton Towers), a defunct roller coaster at Alton Towers in the United Kingdom
Corkscrew (Cedar Point), at Cedar Point in Sandusky, Ohio, United States
Corkscrew (Michigan's Adventure), at Michigan's Adventure in Muskegon, Michigan, United States
Corkscrew (Playland), at Playland in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Corkscrew (Silverwood), at Silverwood, Athol, Idaho, United States
Corkscrew (Valleyfair), at Valleyfair in Shakopee, Minnesota, United States
Canobie Corkscrew, at Canobie Lake Park in Salem, New Hampshire, United States
Sea Viper (roller coaster), formerly known as Corkscrew at Sea World, Australia

Sports
 Corkscrew, a professional wrestling aerial technique
Korketrekkeren ("The Corkscrew"), a former Olympic bobsled track in Oslo, Norway
 "The Corkscrew", a turn on WeatherTech Raceway Laguna Seca, a racetrack near Monterey, California

Other uses
 Corkscrew (program), SSH over HTTPS
 Corkscrew esophagus, an appearance of Diffuse esophageal spasm
 Corkscrew landing, in aviation
 Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary, a tree and bird sanctuary in Florida
 Genlisea, the corkscrew plant
 Graveyard spiral or spin (aerodynamics) is called a  in colloquial aviation
 Operation Corkscrew, Allied invasion of Sicily in World War II

See also 
Bottle opener, a device that enables the removal of metal bottle caps from bottles
Helix, a twisted shape like a spring, screw, or spiral staircase
Tube curls, a ringlet hairstyle resembling a corkscrew
Water slide, a type of slide designed for warm-weather or indoor recreational use at water parks
AN/USQ-17. The AN/USQ-17 or Naval Tactical Data System (NTDS) computer referred to in Sperry Rand documents as the Univac M-460, was Seymour Cray's last design for UNIVAC. UNIVAC later released a commercial version, the UNIVAC 490. That system was later upgraded to a multiprocessor configuration as the 494.

Overview
The machine was the size and shape of a refrigerator, about four feet high (roughly 1.20 meters), with a hinged lid for access. Shortly after completing the prototype design, Cray left to join Control Data Corporation. When the Navy awarded Sperry Rand a US$50 million contract to build the AN/USQ-17, Univac engineers redesigned the entire machine from scratch using silicon transistors. They retained the instruction set, so that programs developed for the original machine would still run on the new one.

As part of the redesign it was decided to improve access, and the second version was designed to stand upright, like an old fashioned double-door refrigerator, about six feet tall (roughly 1.80 m). This new design was designated the AN/USQ-20.

Instructions were represented as 30-bit words, in the following format:
   f   6 bits   function code 
   j   3 bits   jump condition designator 
   k   3 bits   partial word designator 
   b   3 bits   which index register to use 
   y  15 bits   operand address in memory

Numbers were represented as 30-bit words, this allowed for five 6-bit alphanumeric characters per word.

The main memory was 32,768 = 32K words of core memory.

The available processor registers were:
One 30-bit accumulator (A).
One 30-bit Q register (combined with A to give a total of 60 bits for the result of multiplication or the dividend in division).
Seven 15-bit index registers (B1–B7).

The instruction format defined for the AN/USQ-17 marked the beginning of an instruction set which would be carried on, with many changes along the way, into later UNIVAC computers including the UNIVAC 1100/2200 series, which is still in use .

First delivery of NTDS and related U.S. Navy computers
 AN/USQ17, 30 bit, March 1958
CP-642 AKA AN/USQ-20, 30 bit, 1960
AN/UYK-8,   30 bit, 1967
AN/UYK-7,   32 bit, 1971
AN/UYK-43,  32 bit, 1984
AN/UYK-20,  16 bit, 1973
AN/AYK-14,  16 bit, 1980
AN/UYK-44,  16 bit, 1984

See also

List of military electronics of the United States
List of UNIVAC products
History of computing hardware

References

External links
“M-460 Computer Characteristics” – PDF ... 32pp (1956)
The Univac M-460 Computer – Paper by J. E. Thornton, M. Macaulay, and D. H. Toth, Remington Rand Univac Division of Sperry Rand (on-line version from Ed Thelen's Antique Computer Home Page)

UNIVAC hardware
Transistorized computers
Military computers
Military electronics of the United States
Type. Type may refer to:

Science and technology

Computing
 Typing, producing text via a keyboard, typewriter, etc.
 Data type, collection of values used for computations.
 File type
 TYPE (DOS command), a command to display contents of a file.
 Type (Unix), a command in POSIX shells that gives information about commands.
 Type safety, the extent to which a programming language discourages or prevents type errors.
 Type system, defines a programming language's response to data types.

Mathematics
 Type (model theory)
 Type theory, basis for the study of type systems
 Arity or type, the number of operands a function takes
 Type, any proposition or set in the intuitionistic type theory
 Type, of an entire function
 Exponential type

Biology
 Type (biology), which fixes a scientific name to a taxon
 Dog type, categorization by use or function of domestic dogs

Lettering

 Type is a design concept for lettering used in typography which helped bring about modern textual printing in the publishing industry
 Type can refer to a font style, e.g., "italic type"
 Movable type, in letterpress printing
 Sort (typesetting), in letterpress printing
 Typesetting, the composition of text by means of arranging types
 Typeface, the overall design of lettering used in a collection of related fonts
 Type design, the art and process of designing typefaces
 Type foundry, a company that designs or distributes typefaces
 Typewriter, a mechanical or electromechanical machine for writing characters similar to those produced by a printer's movable type

Sociology
 Ideal type
 Normal type
 Typification

Other uses
 Type (acting), a way of characterizing an actor by the sort of role they are well-suited for or fit into easily, or by their performance style
 Type, also antitype, in Typology, in Christian theology and biblical exegesis
 "Type" (song), a 1990 song by the band Living Colour
 Type (designation), a model numbering system used for vehicles or military equipment
 A layer in the nomenclature of aircraft, as in type certificate and type rating
 Architectural type, classification of architecture by functional types (houses, institutions), morphological types or historical types Architectural style subcategories
 U.S. Navy type commands, senior commands for the specific "type" of weapon system (i.e., naval aviation, submarine warfare, surface warships) employed
 Type of Constans, a 648 edict issued by Byzantine Emperor Constans II
 Type-token distinction, in logic, linguistics, and computer programming

See also
 Typology (disambiguation), the study of types
 Categorization
 Kind (disambiguation)
Web container. A web container (also known as a servlet container;
and compare "webcontainer") is the component of a web server that interacts with Jakarta Servlets. A web container is responsible for managing the lifecycle of servlets, mapping a URL to a particular servlet and ensuring that the URL requester has the correct access-rights. A web container handles requests to servlets, Jakarta Server Pages (JSP) files, and other types of files that include server-side code. The Web container creates servlet instances, loads and unloads servlets, creates and manages request and response objects, and performs other servlet-management tasks. A web container implements the web component contract of the Jakarta EE architecture. This architecture specifies a runtime environment for additional web components, including security, concurrency, lifecycle management, transaction, deployment, and other services.

List of Servlet containers
The following is a list of notable applications which implement the Jakarta Servlet specification from Eclipse Foundation, divided depending on whether they are directly sold or not.

Open source Web containers
 Apache Tomcat (formerly Jakarta Tomcat) is an open source web container available under the Apache Software License.
  Apache Tomcat 6 and above are operable as general application container (prior versions were web containers only)
 Apache Geronimo is a full Java EE 6 implementation by Apache Software Foundation.
 Enhydra, from Lutris Technologies.
 GlassFish from Eclipse Foundation (an application server, but includes a web container).
 Jetty, from the Eclipse Foundation. Also supports SPDY and WebSocket protocols.
 Virgo from Eclipse Foundation provides modular, OSGi based web containers implemented using embedded Tomcat and Jetty. Virgo is available under the Eclipse Public License.
 WildFly (formerly JBoss Application Server) is a full Java EE implementation by Red Hat, division JBoss.

Commercial Web containers
 iPlanet Web Server, from Oracle.
 JBoss Enterprise Application Platform from Red Hat, division JBoss is subscription-based/open-source Jakarta EE-based application server.
 WebLogic Application Server, from Oracle Corporation (formerly developed by BEA Systems).
 Orion Application Server, from IronFlare.
 Resin Pro, from Caucho Technology.
 IBM WebSphere Application Server.
 SAP NetWeaver.

References

Computer networking
Java platform
Software architecture
Web applications
Web development
Academy Award for Technical Achievement. The Technical Achievement Award is one of three Scientific and Technical Awards given from time to time by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. (The other two awards are the Scientific and Engineering Award and the Academy Award of Merit.) The Technical Achievement Award is an honorary award that is given annually to those whose particular technical accomplishments have contributed to the progress of the motion picture industry. The award is a certificate, which describes the achievement and lists the names of those being honored for the particular contribution. These awards are usually given at a dinner ceremony held weeks prior to the Academy Awards broadcast and a brief excerpt is shown in the Oscars telecast.

Winners
See :Category:Academy Award for Technical Achievement winners.
The tables below show the honorees as listed in the Academy Awards database.

1930–1950

1951–1970

1971–1990

1991–1999

2000–2009

References

Technical Achievement
American science and technology awards
Thin-film memory. Thin-film memory is a high-speed alternative to magnetic-core memory developed by Sperry Rand in a government-funded research project.

Instead of threading individual ferrite cores on wires, thin-film memory consisted of 4-micrometer thick dots of permalloy, an iron–nickel alloy, deposited on small glass plates by vacuum evaporation techniques and a mask. The drive and sense lines were then added using printed circuit wiring over the alloy dots. This provided very fast access times in the range of 670 nanoseconds, but was very expensive to produce.

In 1962, the UNIVAC 1107, intended for the civilian marketplace, used thin-film memory only for its 128-word general register stack. Military computers, where cost was less of a concern, used larger amounts of thin-film memory. Thin film was also used in a number of high-speed computer projects, including the high-end of the IBM System/360 line, but general advances in core tended to keep pace.

External links
 
 
 
 
 

Computer memory
Non-volatile memory
Thin films
AN/UYK-8. The AN/UYK-8 was a UNIVAC computer.

Development
In April 1967, UNIVAC received a contract from the US Navy for design, development, testing and delivery of the AN/UYK-8 microelectronics computer for use with the AN/TYA-20.

The AN/UYK-8 was built to replace the CP-808 (Marine Corps air cooled AN/USQ-20 variant) in the Beach Relay Link-11 communication system, the AN/TYQ-3 in a AN/TYA-20

Technical 
It used the same 30-bit words and instruction set as the AN/USQ-17 and AN/USQ-20 Naval Tactical Data System (NTDS) computers, built with "first generation integrated circuits". This made it about one quarter of the volume of the AN/USQ-20. It had two processors instead of just one.

Instructions were represented as 30-bit words, in the following format:
   f  6 bits   function code 
   j  3 bits   jump condition designator 
   k  3 bits   partial word designator 
   b  3 bits   which seven index register to use (B0=non used) 
   s  2 bits   which S (5bits) register to use S0,S1,S2,S3(P(17-13))
   y  13 bits  operand address in memory
   memory address = Bb + Ss + y = 18 bit (262,144 words)

Numbers were represented as full 30-bit words. This also allowed for five 6-bit alphanumeric characters per word.

The main memory was increased to 262,144 words (256K words) of magnetic core memory.

The available processor registers were:
 one 30-bit arithmetic (A) register.
 a contiguous 30-bit Q register (total of 60 bits for the result of multiplication or the dividend in division).
 seven 30-bit index (B) registers.

See also

 List of military electronics of the United States
 List of UNIVAC products
 History of computing hardware
 Joint Electronics Type Designation System

References

UNIVAC hardware
Military computers
Military electronics of the United States
Matteucci effect. Matteucci effect is one of the magnetomechanical effects, which is thermodynamically inverse to Wiedemann effect. This effect was described by Carlo Matteucci in 1858. It is observable in amorphous wires with helical domain structure, which can be obtained by twisting the wire, or annealing under twist. The effect is most distinct in the so-called 'dwarven alloys' (called so because of the historical cobalt element etymology), with cobalt as main substituent.

See also 
 Magnetostriction
 Magnetocrystalline anisotropy

References

Magnetism
Magnetic ordering
Styrofoam. Styrofoam is a genericized trademarked brand of closed-cell extruded polystyrene foam (XPS), manufactured to provide continuous building insulation board used in walls, roofs, and foundations as thermal insulation and as a water barrier. This material is light blue in color and is owned and manufactured by DuPont. DuPont also has produced a line of green and white foam shapes for use in crafts and floral arrangements.

The term styrofoam is often used in the United States as a colloquial term to refer to expanded (not extruded) polystyrene foam (EPS). Outside the United States, EPS is most commonly referred to as simply "polystyrene" with the term "styrofoam" being used in its capacity to describe all forms of extruded polystyrene, not just the Dupont brand itself. Polystyrene (EPS) is often used in food containers, coffee cups, and as cushioning material in packaging. Styrofoam is, however, a far less dense material than EPS and is more commonly suited to tasks such as thermal insulation.

Additionally, it is moderately soluble in many organic solvents, cyanoacrylate, and the propellants and solvents of spray paint.

History 
In the 1940s, researchers, originally at Dow's Chemical Physics Lab, led by Ray McIntire, found a way to make foamed polystyrene. They rediscovered a method first used by Swedish inventor Carl Georg Munters, and obtained an exclusive license to Munters's patent in the United States. Dow found ways to adapt Munters's method to make large quantities of extruded polystyrene as a closed cell foam that resists moisture. The patent on this adaptation was filed in 1947.

Uses 

Styrofoam has a variety of uses. Styrofoam is composed of 98% air, making it lightweight and buoyant.

DuPont produces Styrofoam building materials, including varieties of building insulation sheathing and pipe insulation. The claimed R-value of Styrofoam insulation is approximately 5 °F⋅ft2⋅h/BTU for 1 inch thick sheet.

Styrofoam can be used under roads and other structures to prevent soil disturbances due to freezing and thawing.

DuPont also produces Styrofoam blocks and other shapes for use by florists and in craft products. DuPont insulation Styrofoam has a distinctive blue color; Styrofoam for craft applications is available in white and green.

Environmental issues 
The EPA and International Agency for Research on Cancer reported limited evidence that styrene is carcinogenic for humans and experimental animals, meaning that there is a positive association between exposure and cancer and that causality is credible, but that other explanations cannot be confidently excluded.

See also the expansive list of environmental issues of polystyrene, among which it being non-biodegradable.

See also 
 List of generic and genericized trademarks
 National Inventors Hall of Fame
 Resin identification code
 Structural insulated panel

References 

Dow Chemical Company
Foams
Plastic brands
Brand name materials
Brands that became generic
Building insulation materials
Organic polymers
Swedish inventions
1941 in technology
Products introduced in 1941
American inventions