omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
ODT. The term ODT or O.D.T. can refer to several things, among them:

Computing 

 .ODT, the word processing file format of OpenDocument, an open standard for electronic documents
On-line Debugging Tool, a debugger used by certain software from Digital Equipment Corporation
Oracle Corporation's Oracle Developer Tools
Microsoft Office's Office Deployment Tool, a command-line tool used to deploy the click-to-run versions of Office

Media/Entertainment 
Otago Daily Times, New Zealand's second oldest daily newspaper
 O.D.T. (video game) (Or Die Trying), a 1998 video game created by Psygnosis for the PlayStation and PC

Other uses 
Order-disorder transition
Orally disintegrating tablet (or orally dissolving tablet), a pill that "melts" on contact with saliva
Omnidirectional treadmill, a treadmill which can convey objects in two dimensions
On-die termination, a technique to reduce bounce back of electrical signals on high speed electrical connections
Dvorak technique, also known as Objective Dvorak Technique, a technique used to estimate the strength of a tropical cyclone
Olympic Discovery Trail, a multi-use trail spanning the north end of the Olympic Peninsula in Washington
16 Divisions. The 16 Divisions of construction, as defined by the Construction Specifications Institute (CSI)'s MasterFormat, is the most widely used standard for organizing specifications and other written information for commercial and institutional building projects in the U.S. and Canada. In 2004, MasterFormat was updated and expanded to 50 Divisions. It provides a master list of divisions, and section numbers and titles within each division, to follow in organizing information about a facility's construction requirements and associated activities. Standardizing the presentation of such information improves communication among all parties involved in construction projects.

Divisions
The following are the sixteen divisions listed in the Master Format 1995 Edition.

 Division 01 — General Requirement
 Division 02 — Site Works
 Division 03 — Concrete
 Division 04 — Masonry
 Division 05 — Metals
 Division 06 — Wood and Plastics
 Division 07 — Thermal and Moisture Protection
 Division 08 — Doors and Windows
 Division 09 — Finishes
 Division 10 — Specialties
 Division 11 — Equipment
 Division 12 — Furnishings
 Division 13 — Special Construction
 Division 14 — Conveying Systems
 Division 15 — Mechanical/Plumbing
 Division 16 — Electrical
DIVISION 17 -   MASTER FORMAT RELATED SPECS, NONCONFORMING TO THE ABOVE CSI   SECTIONSAll spec divisions higher than 16 are placed  in Division 17 - Others. Also use  Division 17-Others for any spec-shaped material not easily classified (e.g.,  geotechnical, pre-bid notes, etc.)

References

External links
MasterFormat information from CSI

Construction documents
Naval Surface Warfare Center. The Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC) is part of the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) operated by the United States Navy.  NAVSEA Warfare Centers supply the technical operations, people, technology, engineering services and products needed to equip and support the Fleet and meet the warfighter's needs. The Warfare Centers are the Navy's principal Research, Development, Test and Evaluation (RDT&E) assessment activity for surface ship and submarine systems and subsystems. Additionally, the Warfare Centers provide depot maintenance and In-Service Engineering support to ensure that the systems fielded today perform consistently and reliably in the future.

NSWC Crane "is the world's third-largest naval installation by geographic area and includes all of the roughly 320-hectare Lake Greenwood."

Locations 
NAVSEA currently operates eight Surface Warfare Centers:
 NSWC Carderock, Maryland 
 NSWC Corona, California 
 NSWC Crane, Indiana 
 NSWC Dahlgren, Virginia 
 NSWC Indian Head, Maryland 
 NSWC Panama City, Florida 
 NSWC Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 
 NSWC Port Hueneme, California 

NAVSEA also operates two Undersea Warfare Centers:
 NUWC Washington 
 NUWC Newport, Rhode Island

See also
 Joint Expeditionary Forensics Facilities, which are run from the Dahlgren Division.
 Naval Air Warfare Center
 Naval Information Warfare Center Pacific

References

External links

  NSWC official website
 NSWC Corona Division

United States Navy organization
Diaphragm seal. In mechanical engineering, a diaphragm seal is a flexible substance that seals and isolates an enclosure. The flexible nature of this seal allows pressure effects to cross the barrier but not the material being contained.

Common uses for diaphragm seals are to protect pressure sensors from the fluid whose pressure is being measured.

Materials
Since diaphragm seals need to be highly flexible, elastomers are commonly used, and include a wide variety of both general purpose and speciality rubbers.  Elastomers are limited to low pressure applications and those that are chemically compatible with the various plastics and rubbers used.

Metal diaphragms of stainless steel (several grades), Carpenter 20, Hastelloy, Monel, Inconel, tantalum, titanium and several other metals are in common use where high pressure ratings and specific chemical compatibility are required.  Flanged assemblies or flush welded versions are available.

Depending on the PSI levels of the sealing application, the diaphragm may require fabric reinforcement. Typically, PSI under 5 does not require fabric reinforcement. A PSI between 5 and 10 is application dependent. Anything above 10 almost always needs fabric reinforcement.

Applications
Diaphragm seals (also known as chemical seals or gauge guards) are also used to protect a process fluid from the pressure sensor. Examples of this use are:

 Sanitary processes (food, pharmaceuticals, etc.) where allowing process fluid to accumulate in the pressure port of the sensor would compromise the purity of the fluid (such as milk getting into the pressure port of a pressure gauge and spoiling)
 Very pure process fluids, where the metal surface of the pressure sensor might contaminate the fluid (such as copper ions from brass leaching into ultra pure water.)
 Pneumatic systems where small changes in pressures must be eliminated, such as those controlling air bearings.

Seal failure

Diaphragm seals are susceptible to failure via several mechanisms, including cracking. Ozone cracking can occur in many elastomers for example used in pneumatic systems. If the gas contaminates the air supply, then many rubber diaphragms are at risk from the problem.

See also
Diaphragm (mechanics)
Polymer degradation
Ozone cracking

References

Seals (mechanical)
InteGrate. IntegRate was a software product written in C++ based on a pipe-lined high performance architecture for handling batch rating of telecommunications using call detail records (CDR), developed by the German software company Solution 42.

Description
The product was an early massively parallel application. It processed and charge thousands of events per second on commodity hardware. The software was able to run on the following operating systems: Windows, Unix/Linux, Solaris, HP-UX and AIX. It contained algorithms for ultra-fast regular expression matching using a finite-state machine as well as one of the first in-memory databases.

IntegRate platform is a conceptual structure for performing the complex task of telecommunications rating and price modeling. The "framework" contains "pipelines", each of which consists of "plug-ins", which can be freely combined. The standard plug-ins cover rating tasks (e.g. zoning, service determination) and the overall rating process can be customized by using the IntegRate script languages "iScript" and "iRule". This allows configuring plug-in modules to prepare or post-process CDR-information.

Solution42 (a name taken from Douglas Adams's "Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy" cult series), originally based in Quickborn, Germany, was purchased by Portal Software in 2000. Since the purchase of Solution42, the IntegRate architecture was integrated into the so-called "Portal Infranet " telecommunications billing platform, now called the Batch Rating Engine (BRE).

In 2006 Oracle Corporation acquired Portal Software. IntegRate became the central rating and mediation engine with Oracle's CBRM System.

In 2003 the core engineers and lead architects of former Solution42 founded ENTEREST to build the successor product "EDR Workbench" marketed for complex event processing using the marketing term big data.

References 

Telephony software
Hemicucurbituril. A hemicucurbituril is a macrocycle composed of alternating methylene bridges (-- units) and N-substituted ethylene urea units. Hemicucurbit[6]uril is a hexamer. This compound closely resembles cucurbituril cut in half along the equator and the chemistry is also similar. The ethylene urea units also alternate with the carbonyl groups assuming alternating up and down positions. For this reason this compound contrary to cucurbituril is unable to form inclusion compounds with metal ions.   

The compound is formed by reaction of ethylene urea with a 37% solution of formalin and hydrochloric acid in a sequence of Mannich reactions. The success of the reaction critically depends on the acid concentration, which is why the discovery of the compound took until 2004. A crystalline product settles out of the solution which is the inclusion compound of Hemicucurbituril with water or HCl. These guests can be driven out by application of elevated temperature and a vacuum. With tweaking of the reaction conditions the hemicucurbit[12]uril (n = 6) is also obtained.

References 
 

Ureas
Macrocycles
Gadget (disambiguation). A gadget is a small technological object such as a device or an appliance that has a particular function, but is often thought of as a novelty.

Gadget may also refer to:

Media
 Gadget: Invention, Travel, & Adventure, also known as Gadget: Past as Future, a 1993 videogame
 The Gadget (novel), a 2001 young-adult novel by Paul Zindel

Characters
 GADGET, a robot character in the Doctor Who episode The Waters of Mars
 Gadget, a fictional robot from the Suikoden series of video games
 Gadget Hackwrench, a young female mouse from the TV series Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers
 Gadgets, a series of machine-type monsters in the Yu-Gi-Oh! Trading Card Game
 Gary "Gadget" Flowers, a character in the This Is England series of films
 Inspector Gadget, the titular character of the animated series of the same name.

People
 Fad Gadget (born 1956), British avant-garde electronic musician and vocalist
 Little Nobody (also Funk Gadget), Australian musician and writer
 Next Time Gadget (born 1980), American electronic musician
 Reverend Gadget, steel fabrication artist, craftsman, prop builder, and television personality

Science
 The gadget, the code name given to the first bomb tested as part of the Trinity nuclear test

Technology
 GADGET, a free software for cosmological N-body/SPH simulations
 Gadget (computer science), a subset of a problem instance
 Gadget (machine instruction sequence), a sequence of computer instructions used in security exploit techniques
 Google Gadgets, dynamic web content that can be embedded on a web page
 Microsoft Gadgets, lightweight single-purpose applications

See also
 Gizmo (disambiguation)
 Widget (disambiguation)
Jet trainer. A jet trainer is a jet aircraft for use as a trainer, whether for basic or advanced flight training. Jet trainers are either custom designs or modifications of existing aircraft. With the introduction of military jet-powered aircraft towards the end of the World War II it became a requirement to train pilots in the handling of such aircraft.

History
The first generation of trainers in the 1940s were modified from existing designs like the Gloster Meteor and Lockheed T-33 but with these were followed by custom training aircraft like the Aero L-29 Delfín and the BAC Jet Provost.

As training developed different air forces used jet trainers for different phases of training. Although most air forces continued to use piston or later turboprop aircraft for basic training, a number of jet trainers like the Cessna T-37 Tweet appeared for the early stages of pilot training. Pilots who were picked to fly fighter or strike aircraft then went on to fly more advanced training aircraft like the Hawker Siddeley Gnat.

As the early jet-trainers became obsolete then further generations have appeared, the British using the single-engine BAE Systems Hawk while the French ordered the Dassault/Dornier Alpha Jet. In the Warsaw Pact the Aero L-39 Albatros became the standard jet trainer.

As the jet trainer developed it was also used for weapon training, which led to some trainers being modified as light strike aircraft; for example, the Cessna T-37 Tweet was developed into the Cessna A-37 Dragonfly.

Modern jet trainers are structurally strengthened in order to allow high stress maneuvers and aerobatics.

List of jet trainers
Below is a list of some current and former jet trainers

References

Aircraft by type
Trainer aircraft
Xenon tetrafluoride. Xenon tetrafluoride is a chemical compound with chemical formula . It was the first discovered binary compound of a noble gas. It is produced by the chemical reaction of xenon with fluorine:

 Xe + 2  → 

This reaction is exothermic, releasing an energy of 251 kJ/mol.

Xenon tetrafluoride is a colorless crystalline solid that sublimes at 117 °C. Its structure was determined by both NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography in 1963. The structure is square planar, as has been confirmed by neutron diffraction studies. According to VSEPR theory, in addition to four fluoride ligands, the xenon center has two lone pairs of electrons.  These lone pairs are mutually trans.

Synthesis
The original synthesis of xenon tetrafluoride occurred through direct 1:5-molar-ratio combination of the elements in a nickel (Monel) vessel at 400 °C.  The nickel does not catalyze the reaction, but rather protects the container surfaces against fluoride corrosion.  Controlling the process against impurities is difficult, as xenon difluoride (), tetrafluoride, and hexafluoride () are all in chemical equilibrium, the difluoride favored at low temperatures little fluorine and the hexafluoride favored at high temperatures and excess fluorine.  Fractional sublimation (xenon tetrafluoride is particularly involatile) or other equilibria generally allow purification of the product mixture.  

The elements combine more selectively when γ- or UV-irradiated in a nickel container or dissolved in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride with catalytic oxygen.  That reaction is believed selective because dioxygen difluoride at standard conditions is too weak an oxidant to generate xenon(VI) species.  

Alternatively, fluoroxenonium perfluorometallate salts pyrolyze to XeF4.

Reactions

Xenon tetrafluoride hydrolyzes at low temperatures to form elemental xenon, oxygen, hydrofluoric acid, and aqueous xenon trioxide:

It is used as a precursor for synthesis of all tetravalent Xe compounds. Reaction with tetramethylammonium fluoride gives tetramethylammonium pentafluoroxenate, which contains the pentagonal  anion. The  anion is also formed by reaction with cesium fluoride:

CsF +  → 

Reaction with bismuth pentafluoride () forms the  cation:
  +  → XeF3BiF6

The  cation in the salt XeF3Sb2F11 has been characterized by NMR spectroscopy.

At 400 °C,  reacts with xenon to form :
XeF4 + Xe → 2 XeF2

The reaction of xenon tetrafluoride with platinum yields platinum tetrafluoride and xenon:
XeF4 + Pt → PtF4 + Xe

Applications

Xenon tetrafluoride has few applications. It has been shown to degrade silicone rubber for analyzing trace metal impurities in the rubber.  reacts with the silicone to form simple gaseous products, leaving a residue of metal impurities.

References

External links
 WebBook page for XeF4

Fluorides
Nonmetal halides
Xenon(IV) compounds
Xenon hexafluoride. Xenon hexafluoride is a noble gas compound with the formula XeF6.  It is one of the three binary fluorides of xenon that have been studied experimentally, the other two being XeF2 and XeF4.  All known are exergonic and stable at normal temperatures.  XeF6 is the strongest fluorinating agent of the series. It is a colorless solid that readily sublimes into intensely yellow vapors.

Preparation
Xenon hexafluoride can be prepared by heating of XeF2 at about 300 °C under 6 MPa (60 atmospheres) of fluorine.  With  as catalyst, however, this reaction can proceed at 120 °C even in xenon-fluorine molar ratios as low as 1:5.

Structure
The structure of XeF6 required several years to establish in contrast to the cases of  and . In the gas phase the compound is monomeric. VSEPR theory predicts that due to the presence of six fluoride ligands and one lone pair of electrons the structure lacks perfect octahedral symmetry, and indeed electron diffraction combined with high-level calculations indicate that the compound's point group is C3v. It is a fluxional molecule. Oh is only insignificantly higher, indicating that the minimum on the energy surface is very shallow.

129Xe and 19F NMR spectroscopy indicates  that in solution the compound assumes a tetrameric structure: four equivalent xenon atoms are arranged in a tetrahedron surrounded by a fluctuating array of 24 fluorine atoms that interchange positions in a "cogwheel mechanism".

Six polymorphs of  are known. including one that contains XeF ions with bridging F ions.

Reactions

Hydrolysis

Xenon hexafluoride hydrolyzes, ultimately affording xenon trioxide:

XeF6 + H2O  →  XeOF4  +  2 HF
XeOF4 + H2O  →  XeO2F2  +  2 HF
XeO2F2  +  H2O  →  XeO3  +  2 HF
XeF6 + 3 H2O  → XeO3 + 6 HF

XeF6 is a Lewis acid, binding one and two fluoride anions:

XeF6 + F− →  XeF
XeF + F− → XeF

Octafluoroxenates

Salts of the octafluoroxenate(VI) anion (XeF) are very stable, decomposing only above 400 °C. This anion has been shown to have square antiprismatic geometry, based on single-crystal X-ray counter analysis of its nitrosonium salt, . The sodium and potassium salts are formed directly from sodium fluoride and potassium fluoride:

2 NaF +  → 
2 KF +  → 

These are thermally less stable than the caesium and rubidium salts, which are synthesized by first forming the heptafluoroxenate salts:

CsF +   →  
RbF +   →  

which are then pyrolysed at 50 °C and 20 °C, respectively, to form the yellow octafluoroxenate salts:

2  →  + 
2  →  + 

These salts are hydrolysed by water, yielding various products containing xenon and oxygen.

The two other binary fluorides of xenon do not form such stable adducts with fluoride.

With fluoride acceptors

 reacts with strong fluoride acceptors such as  and  to form the XeF cation:

 +  → XeFRuF

 +  → XeFAuF +

References

External links
 WebBook page for XeF6

Xenon(VI) compounds
Hexafluorides
Nonmetal halides
Fluorinating agents
Gases with color
CLASS. CLASS may refer to:

Organizations
 Canadian Light Aircraft Sales and Service, a Canadian aircraft manufacturer
 Class (warez), a group from 1997 to 2004
 College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, an academic college at the University of Houston, US
 Centre for Labour and Social Studies, chaired by Laura Pidcock

Science and technology
 Canadian Land Surface Scheme, for use in large scale climate models
 Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor, an experiment to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background
 Custom Local Area Signaling Services, which describes telephony terms e.g. call waiting, caller ID

Other

 Consular Lookout and Support System, a system supporting the U.S. Department of State's Bureau of Consular Affairs

See also
 Class (disambiguation)
PEC. PEC  may refer to:

Groups, organizations, companies
 Pakistan Engineering Council
 Pedernales Electric Cooperative
 President's Export Council
 Mormon Priesthood Executive Committee, now high council meeting
 Private Equity Council
 Punjab Examination Commission, Pakistan
 Puntland Electoral Commission, Somalia

Schools
 Pokhara Engineering College, a technical college in Nepal
 Pondicherry Engineering College, India
 Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh, India

Science, technology, engineering, medicine
 Packet Error Checking, a CRC-8 checksum for SMBus communication
 PEC (cable system) or Pan European Crossing, a European fibre optic network
 Perfect electric conductor
 Peripheral Event Controller, an implementation of autonomous peripheral operations in microcontrollers
 Perivascular epithelioid cell tumour (PEC tumour)
 Planetary Exploration of China, a Solar System space exploration program from China
 Posta Elettronica Certificata, a certified email protocol used in Italy

Other uses
 Plain English Campaign
 Pelican Seaplane Base, an airport in Alaska with IATA code PEC
 Proposta de Emenda à Constituição, in Brasilian law, a plan for amending the state's Constitution

See also

 
 Pec (disambiguation)
 Peck (disambiguation)
 Pek (disambiguation)
 PEK (disambiguation)
 PEQ (disambiguation)
 Peque (disambiguation)
Semi Joseph Begun. Semi Joseph Begun (December 2, 1905 in Germany – January 5, 1995), usually referred to as S. Joseph Begun, was a German-American engineer and inventor known for his contributions to magnetic recording, underwater acoustics, and telecommunications.

Life and career
Born in 1905 in Danzig, Germany (now Gdańsk, Poland), Begun earned a doctorate in electrical engineering in 1933 from the Technische Hochschule in Charlottenburg (now Technische Universität Berlin). He immigrated to the United States in 1935. In 1939, he married Ruth Begun, who was the first woman to be awarded a physics PhD from the University of Berlin… In 1943 Begun was Vice President of Research for the Brush Development Company, Cleveland, Ohio.  Brush's main business was the production of piezoelectric phonograph pickups, the least expensive and most widely used pickup of the late 1930s. Brush also produced in cooperation with Western Electric magnetic steel tape sound recorders. These used hardened steel tape as the recording medium.

Another product Brush manufactured were wire recorders.  These used stainless steel wire, with a composition similar to (or perhaps identical with) high carbon high chromium cutlery steel, which is ferromagnetic, as the recording medium.  The recording head was a split ring, with the wire running in a groove in the head, quite similar to the heads used today. High frequency AC bias was used to linearize the recording.  The ferritic stainless steel was quite strong. Diamond dies were required to draw it into wire.  Dr. Begun obtained a contract from the National Defense Research Council to perform research and development on a substitute for the stainless steel wire. The work was justified by the military use of the recorders and the shortage of facilities for producing the diamond dies.

Dr. Begun had two concepts in mind for a different recording medium. One was to find a means for coating a ductile nonmagnetic metal wire with a metallic magnetic coating.  The other was to coat a non-metallic tape with a magnetic coating.  He placed the work on wire in the Research Department of Brush Development Company, and contracted with Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio, for work on the development of a coated non-metallic tape.

References

1905 births
1995 deaths
Businesspeople from Ohio
Technische Universität Berlin alumni
Emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States
20th-century American businesspeople
20th-century American inventors