omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Donn Landee. Donn Landee is an American record producer and recording engineer. Much of his work as an engineer has been done with producer Ted Templeman at Sunset Sound Recorders in Hollywood, California. The pair worked with a wide variety of artists for Warner Bros. Records during the 1970s and 1980s, including Van Halen, and the Doobie Brothers.

In the late 1960s Landee began working on recording sessions at TTG Studios on La Brea Avenue in Hollywood. The studio was owned by engineer Ami Hadani. The upstairs studio featured a custom vacuum tube console. Landee recorded "Sky Pilot" in this room for Eric Burdon and the Animals and created the 'phasing' effect used in the song. Landee then worked at Sunwest Studios as an engineer in 1968 and became the manager. He then moved to Warner Bros. Records' Amigo Studios working under Lee Herschberg; he gained a large number of music industry contacts. API studio recording desks designed by renowned audio engineer Bill Putnam and utilizing solid state microphone preamplifiers and mix systems were installed at Amigo Studios, Sunset Sound, and at United Western Recorders in Hollywood in the early '70s. 

In 1983, Landee helped Eddie Van Halen build his home studio, 5150 Studios, using a mixing desk he retrieved from United Western that was nearly identical to the one the band had been recording with at Sunset during the previous five years. He also worked with Eddie on some instrumental scores for The Seduction of Gina and The Wild Life.

References

External links

American record producers
American audio engineers
Living people
American film score composers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Energy filtered transmission electron microscopy. Energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) is a technique used in transmission electron microscopy, in which only electrons of particular kinetic energies are used to form the image or diffraction pattern. The technique can be used to aid chemical analysis of the sample in conjunction with complementary techniques such as electron crystallography.

Principle

If a very thin sample is illuminated with a beam of high-energy electrons, then a majority of the electrons will pass unhindered through the sample but some will interact with the sample, being scattered elastically or inelastically (phonon scattering, plasmon scattering or inner shell ionisation). Inelastic scattering results in both a loss of energy and a change in momentum, which in the case of inner shell ionisation is characteristic of the element in the sample.

If the electron beam emerging from the sample is passed through a magnetic prism, then the flight path of the electrons will vary depending on their energy. This technique is used to form spectra in electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), but it is also possible to place an adjustable slit to allow only electrons with a certain range of energies through, and reform an image using these electrons on a detector.

The energy slit can be adjusted so as to only allow electrons which have not lost energy to pass through to form the image. This prevents inelastic scattering from contributing to the image, and hence produces an enhanced contrast image.

Adjusting the slit to only allow electrons which have lost a specific amount of energy can be used to obtain elementally sensitive images. As the ionisation signal is often significantly smaller than the background signal, it is normally necessary to obtain more than one image at varying energies to remove the background effect. The simplest method is known as the jump ratio technique, where an image recorded using electrons at the energy of the maximum of the absorption peak caused by a particular inner shell ionisation is divided by an image recorded just before the ionisation energy. It is often necessary to cross-correlate the images to compensate for relative drift of the sample between the two images.

Improved elemental maps can be obtained by taking a series of images, allowing quantitative analysis and improved accuracy of mapping where more than one element is involved. By taking a series of images, it is also possible to extract the EELS profile from particular features.

See also
 Transmission electron microscopy

References

Further reading
 
 
 F. Hofer, P. Warbichler and W. Grogger, Imaging of nanometer-sized precipitates in solids by electron spectroscopic imaging, Ultramicroscopy, Volume 59, Issues 1-4, July 1995, Pages 15-31.

External links

 EFTEM imaging modes Carl Zeiss
 A Database of EELS fine structure fingerprints at Cornell

Electron microscopy techniques
Microscopy
Edward A. Murphy Jr.. Edward Aloysius Murphy Jr. (January 11, 1918 – July 17, 1990) was an American aerospace engineer who worked on safety-critical systems. He is best known for his namesake "Murphy's law", which is said to be "Anything that can go wrong will go wrong".

History 
Born in the Panama Canal Zone in 1918, Murphy was the eldest of five children. After attending high school in New Jersey, he went to the United States Military Academy at West Point, graduating in 1940. The same year he accepted a commission with the United States Army, and had pilot training with the United States Army Air Corps in 1941. During World War II he served in the Pacific Theater, India, China and Burma (now known as Myanmar), achieving the rank of major.

After the end of hostilities, in 1947 Murphy attended the United States Air Force Institute of Technology, becoming R&D Officer at the Wright Air Development Center of Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. It was while here that he became involved with the high-speed rocket sled experiments (USAF project MX981, 1949) which resulted in his invention of Murphy's law. (The actual principle was guidance to his engineers, to design components that could not be used mistakenly:  "If a part can be installed in more than one position, it will be incorrectly installed in the field".) Murphy himself was reportedly unhappy with the common interpretation of his principle as a fatalistic resignation to fate and mischance. Murphy regarded the law as representing a major principle of defensive design, in which one should always assume worst-case scenarios. Murphy was said by his son to have regarded the many jocular versions of the law as "ridiculous, trivial and erroneous". 

In 1952, having resigned from the United States Air Force, Murphy performed a series of rocket acceleration tests at Holloman Air Force Base, then returned to California to pursue a career in aircraft cockpit design for a series of private contractors. He worked on crew escape systems for some of the most famous experimental aircraft of the 20th century, including the F-4 Phantom II, the XB-70 Valkyrie, the SR-71 Blackbird, the B-1 Lancer, and the X-15 rocket plane.

In popular culture
In 1982 the band Chéri reached number 1 on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart with the song Murphy's Law, whose lyrics explain that the law is governing the life of an ex-partner.

In the Disney Channel animated series Milo Murphy's Law, the protagonist Milo Murphy is said to be a descendant of Edward A. Murphy. As a consequence of this he is frequently imperiled, in keeping with Murphy's law.

The daughter of Matthew McConaughey’s character in Interstellar is named Murphy, after Murphy’s law.

References

1918 births
1990 deaths
20th-century American engineers
Air Force Institute of Technology alumni
American aerospace engineers
Aviators from the Panama Canal Zone
Ig Nobel laureates
United States Military Academy alumni
United States Army personnel of World War II
Zonians
Marcus Storch. Marcus Storch (born 28 July 1942 in Stockholm) is a Swedish industrialist. He received an engineering degree from the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm.

Storch spent many years working for AGA AB, and was president and CEO of the company 1981–1996. He was the chairman of the Nobel Foundation 2005–2013, and is a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Storch has been critical of the degree to which Swedish companies (including AGA) have been taken over by foreign owners, and what he regards as an insufficient regeneration of companies within the country.

Storch is a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences and the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

Storch's father Hillel Storch was the chairman of the Swedish branch of the World Jewish Congress.

References

External links
Biography at the website of AGA.
Board of Directors of the Nobel Foundation

Swedish businesspeople
Swedish engineers
Swedish Jews
KTH Royal Institute of Technology alumni
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences
1942 births
Living people
Rod Smith (R/C modeling pioneer). Rod Smith (born 1926) was a pioneer in radio-controlled model aviation. He began in the 1950s, building his own radio systems and flying them in Frank Zaic Thermic 100 or similar tow-line gliders. He was the father of Mark Smith who designed the “Windfree” Radio Controlled Sailplane, one of the most successful R/C kits in the history of the hobby.

References

1926 births
Possibly living people
ISEE. The acronym ISEE can refer to:
ISEE (company), Integration Software Electronics Engineering
Independent School Entrance Examination
International Sun/Earth Explorer, one of a series of spacecraft, ISEE-1, ISEE-2 and ISEE-3, the last later called the International Cometary Explorer
International Society for Ecological Economics
International Society for Environmental Epidemiology
International Society for Environmental Ethics
International Society for Explosive Engineers
Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques,  the national statistics bureau of France
Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies, the statistics bureau of New Caledonia
Mark Smith (R/C modeling pioneer). Mark Smith (born ) was a pioneer in radio-controlled (R/C) model aviation. The son of Rod Smith, an early inventor of R/C equipment, Mark began building hand-launch gliders in the 6th or 7th grade. In his teens he followed his father's footsteps into R/C gliders. He later went on to designing R/C gliders like his 100-inch-wingspan Windfree along with the 72-inch-wingspan Wanderer which were the best-sellers for decades. In the early 1970s he built radio-controlled seagulls for the 1972 movie Jonathan Livingston Seagull.

In 1973, he set a new long-distance flying world record. His radio-controlled glider stayed in the air for thirteen hours, travelling for a total of 286 miles in 2286 laps around two pylons set 100m apart.

Smith was from Escondido, California.

References

1950 births
Living people
Engineers from California
People from Escondido, California
Zobel-class fast attack craft. The Type 142 Zobel class was a German class of torpedo bearing fast attack craft (torpedo boats). They were in service with the Bundesmarine during the Cold War to protect the Baltic sea coast. The class was designed by Lürssen.

The Zobel class was replaced by the Type 143A Gepard class, they were the last fast attack craft with only torpedoes as main armament, all later classes have anti-ship missiles.

The  of the Turkish Navy is an advanced version of the Zobel class; vessels of this class are armed with Penguin anti-ship missiles and mines in addition to torpedoes.

List of ships

In service with the Bundesmarine, the vessels belonged to the 7. Schnellbootgeschwader (7th Fast attack craft squadron) based in Kiel at the Baltic Sea.

References

External links
 Schnellboot Typ 142 Zobel-Klasse @ schnellboot.net (in German)
 Type 142 Zobel Class @ Warships On The Web

Torpedo boat classes
Torpedo boats of the German Navy
Torpedo boats of Germany
Torpedo boats of the Turkish Navy
Lürssen
Aleksandr Stoletov. Alexander Grigorievich Stoletov (; 10 August 1839 – 27 May 1896) was a Russian physicist, founder of electrical engineering, and professor in Moscow University. He was the brother of general Nikolai Stoletov.

Biography

Alexander Stoletov defended his doctoral dissertation in 1872 and became professor at Moscow University a year later.

After defending his dissertation he became a renowned scientist worldwide. He attended the opening ceremony of the physical laboratory in Cambridge in 1874, and represented Russia at the first World Congress of Electricity in Paris in 1881, where he presented his work on links between electrostatic and electromagnetic values.

Contribution to science

His major contributions include pioneer work in the field of ferromagnetism and discovery of the laws and principles of the outer photoelectric effect.

Achievements of Alexander Stoletov include:

Magnetism (1871–1872)
 Stoletov was the first to show that with the increase of the magnetic field the magnetic susceptibility of iron grows, but then begins to decrease.
 Built the curve of the magnetic permeability of ferromagnetics, known as the Stoletov curve.
 Developed two new methods for measuring magnetic properties of various materials.

Photoelectric effect (1888–1891)
 Studied the outer photoelectric effect, discovered by Hertz in 1887. Published the results in  six works.
 Developed quantitative methods for the study of the photoelectric effect.
 Discovered the direct proportionality between the intensity of light and the corresponding photo induced current (Stoletov's law)
 Discovered the Stoletov constant which defines the ratio between the intensity of the electric current and the gas pressure under the maximum current.
 Built the first solar cell based on the outer photoelectric effect and estimated the response time of the photoelectric current.
 Discovered the decrease of the solar cell's sensitivity with time (fatigue of solar cells).

Other
 Calculated the proportion between electrodynamic and electrostatic units, producing a value very close to the speed of light.

See also 
 List of Russian inventors
Stoletov Moon crater was named after Alexander Stoletov.

Publications
Important published works of Alexander Stoletov include:
 On the Kohlrausch's measurement of the mercury unit of electric resistance;
 Sur une méthode pour déterminer le rapport des unités électromagnétiques et électrostatiques;
 On the electricity of juxtaposition;
 On the critical state of bodies (4 articles);
 Actino-electric research;
 Ether and electricity;
 Essay on the development of our knowledge of gases;
 Introduction into acoustics and optics.

References

External links 
Alexander Stoletov at the Russia InfoCentre

1839 births
1896 deaths
People from Vladimir, Russia
Physicists from the Russian Empire
Inventors from the Russian Empire
Electrical engineers from the Russian Empire
Imperial Moscow University alumni
Academic staff of Moscow State University
Omnidirectional treadmill. An omnidirectional treadmill (ODT) is a mechanical device, similar to a typical treadmill, that allows a person to perform locomotive motion in any direction, allowing for 360 degrees of movement. The ability to move in any direction is how these treadmills differ from their basic counterparts (that permit only unidirectional locomotion).

Omnidirectional treadmills are employed in immersive virtual environment implementations to allow unencumbered movement within the virtual space.

Advantages to pairing an ODT with an immersive virtual environment include:
 Natural navigational movement of the system user within the enclosure while still providing contextual cueing which simulate physical traversal through the virtual terrain
 Reverting immersive navigation tasks from hand-based (mouse, joystick) to mentally hard-wired whole body (leg) based
 Enhancing immersion by providing a whole-body experience that begins at the soles of the feet and ends at the top of the head
 Facilitating whole-body haptic interaction

Future directions and discussion
Natural navigation employing the ODT has two fundamental, parallel paths. One path seeks to create wholly immersive, obstruction free environments as in virtual reality, while the other seeks a lower cost, more restricted device. The immersive vision is that of a large active surface upon which the user is able to walk freely and unfettered. The second approach employs a harness for tracking, and optionally provides whole-body force feedback.

Both approaches have their advantages and disadvantages. Without a harness, the ODT user is able to accelerate away from center of the surface. The system must recognize this using a variety of sensing means, and gently accelerate the user back towards the center. Keeping the forces that return the user to center below the human sensing threshold is the main challenge with these systems. The larger the active surface, the easier it is to control using this means.

Additional routes are available, for example employing the mechanisms of two standard treadmills, one for the X and one for the Y axis. In such a setup, the mechanism for one axis would lay within the other, the belts typically being replaced with something akin to a wire ladder, and studs being used on footwear.

With a harness, the user is kept on center mechanically, and the surface area can be made much smaller. But actions such as rolling are not possible. On the plus side, a harness can provide body forces such as inertia or slope display. In addition, the harness may provide lifting force to simulate free-body flight. And the well-defined user space makes interaction with outside haptic devices feasible.

Omnidirectional treadmills have the potential to also be used in film, such as in conjunction with a green screen. This type of application would allow limitless movement by the actors.

See also
 List of emerging technologies
 Redirected walking
 Simulated reality
 VirtuSphere, a similar solution to VR locomotion

References

Multimodal interaction
Parom. The Parom (ferry in Russian) is a space tug that has been proposed by RKK Energia.  The purpose of this vehicle is to replace most of the Progress' active components. Progress spacecraft have flown re-supply missions since 1978. Nikolai Bryukhanov, RKK Energia's deputy general designer, said in May 2005 that the Federal Space Agency had received a design for a new space system. According to him, the system's operation principle is completely different from that used by Progress. A launch vehicle first places a Parom reusable inter-orbit "tug" into a 200 km orbit. As this spacecraft will not carry any consignments, other rockets will orbit payload containers that will be docked by Parom. The tug will then deliver them to the ISS or another orbiter.

"Any Russian or foreign launch vehicle can orbit such containers," Bryukhanov said. The size of the container and its shape depend on payload characteristics. "This can be an airtight instrument module or a fuel tanker," the deputy general designer continued. "Moreover, depressurized platform featuring large scientific equipment and auxiliary systems, i.e., solar batteries that cannot be stored inside the airtight module".

In layout, the Parom will be built around a pressurized transfer passage with docking ports at each end: each of these two docking ports can be used to dock with the cargo container, the Kliper, the space station or any other spacecraft. It will have its own engines, along with propellant transfer lines to feed fuel from the cargo container into its own tanks or into the space station's  or another spacecraft's tank. It will also have engines scaled to handle cargo modules weighing up to 30 tonnes (around 60,000 pounds), twice the mass of the largest station sections carried into orbit aboard Space Shuttles and Proton rockets.

See also
Kliper Proposed spacecraft to use the Parom

References

External links
Russian Space Web
Flight International Article, Lighter Kliper could make toward trip to ISS
MSN Article on Kliper

Space program of Russia
Hypothetical spacecraft
Space tugs
George F. Carrier. George Francis Carrier (May 4, 1918 – March 8, 2002) was an engineer and physicist, and the T. Jefferson Coolidge Professor of Applied Mathematics Emeritus of Harvard University. He was particularly noted for his ability to intuitively model a physical system and then deduce an analytical solution. He worked especially in the modeling of fluid mechanics, combustion, and tsunamis.

Born in Millinocket, Maine, he received a master's in engineering degree in 1939 and a Ph.D. in 1944 from Cornell University with a dissertation in applied mechanics entitled Investigations in the Field of Aeolotropic Elasticity and the Bending of the Sectorial-Plate under the supervision of J. Norman Goodier. He was co-author of a number of mathematical textbooks and over 100 journal papers.

Carrier was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1953, the United States National Academy of Sciences in 1967, and the American Philosophical Society in 1976. In 1990, he received the National Medal of Science, the United States' highest scientific award, presented by President Bush, for his contributions to the natural sciences.

He died from esophageal cancer on March 8, 2002.

Carrier's Rule
Carrier is known for "Carrier's Rule", a humorous explanation of why divergent asymptotic series often yield good approximations if the first few terms are taken even when the expansion parameter is of order one, while in the case of a convergent series many terms are needed to get a good approximation: “Divergent series converge faster than convergent series because they don't have to converge.”

References

Notes

Other

Sources
The Harvard Gazette Online

External links
Obituary at www.news.harvard.edu

National Medal of Science laureates
20th-century American physicists
20th-century American mathematicians
Cornell University College of Engineering alumni
American fluid dynamicists
Harvard University faculty
1918 births
2002 deaths
People from Millinocket, Maine
Deaths from esophageal cancer in the United States
Deaths from cancer in Massachusetts
Brown University faculty
Members of the American Philosophical Society