omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Saab MFI13. The Saab MFI 13 was a February 1965 prototype for the Saab 97 automobile, later known as Sonett II. It was built at the Malmö Flygindustri as they had some experience with plastic manufacturing. The body of the prototype was made of steel though. A second prototype was designed by Sixten Sason and delivered a month later by ASJ (Aktiebolaget Svenska Järnvägsverkstäderna - the Swedish Railroad Works) in Arlöv. 

Both cars were brought to Trollhättan for examination and the MFI car was determined to be the most suitable for further development. Both cars had the two stroke Saab Sport engine of 60 hp (45 kW) and were capable of 160 km/h. By spring 1966 the project 97 had advanced enough so that 24 cars could be built in Arlöv, in the south of Sweden. When series production started by the end of the year, many details had been altered: brakes, ventilation system, grille and parking lights. Prototypes were shown at both the Salon International de l'Auto (Geneva) and New York International Auto Show. In Geneva a car was available for test driving.

Both cars are now on display in the Saab Museum in Trollhättan.

See also

 Saab Catherina

External links 
 MFI13 at Saabmuseum.com
 Björn Svallner tells the story behind MFI-13

Sources
 The SAAB Way, by Gunnar A. Sjögren.

MFI 13
Front-wheel-drive vehicles
Polybutylene terephthalate. Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) is a thermoplastic engineering polymer that is used as an insulator in the electrical and electronics industries.  It is a thermoplastic (semi-)crystalline polymer, and a type of polyester. PBT resists solvents, shrinks very little during forming, is mechanically strong, is heat-resistant up to  (or  with glass-fibre reinforcement), and can be treated with flame retardants to make it noncombustible. It was developed by Britain's Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI).

PBT is closely related to other thermoplastic polyesters. Compared to PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PBT has slightly lower strength and rigidity, slightly better impact resistance, and a slightly lower glass transition temperature. PBT and PET are sensitive to hot water above  (140 °F). PBT and PET need UV protection if used outdoors, and most grades of these polyesters are flammable, although additives can be used to improve both UV and flammability properties.

PBT is produced by the polymerization of 1,4-butanediol and terephthalic acid.

Applications
Polybutylene terephthalate is used for housings in electrical engineering, but also in automotive construction as plug connectors and in households for example in showerheads or irons. It is also found processed into toothbrush fibers and false eyelashes and is used in the keycaps of some high-end computer keyboards because the texture is highly resistant to wear and the plastic is less vulnerable to ultraviolet degradation and discoloration than the conventional ABS alternative.

PBT can also be made into yarn.  This has a natural stretch similar to Lycra and can be incorporated into sportswear.  Due to its chlorine resistance it is commonly found in swimwear. Further, recent studies have shown that PBT has superior UV properties to PET based fabrics such as T400.

PBT, especially glass fibre grades, can be effectively fire-retarded with halogen-free products. Phosphorus-based flame retardant systems are used in these fire-safe polymers and are based on aluminium diethyl phosphinate and synergists. They are designed to meet UL 94 flammability tests as well as Glow Wire Ignition Tests (GWIT),  Glow Wire Flammability Test (GWFI) and Comparative Tracking Index (CTI). Main applications are in the electrical and electronics (E&E) industry.

Producers
 Novaduran (Mitsubishi Chemical Group)
 Celanex (Celanese)
 Crastin (Celanese)
 Anjacom (almaak international GmbH)
 Arnite (DSM)
 Duranex PBT (Polyplastics)
 Dylox (Hoffmann + Voss GmbH)
 Kebater (BARLOG plastics GmbH)
 Later (LATI)
 Pocan (Lanxess)
 Precite (AKRO)
 Rialox (RIA-Polymers GmbH)
 Schuladur (A. Schulman)
 Ultradur (BASF)
 Valox (Sabic Innovative Plastics)
 Vestodur (Evonik Industries AG)
 Badadur PBT (Bada AG)
 Bergadur (PolyOne Th. Bergmann GmbH)
 Longlite (Chang Chun Plastics Co Ltd)
 Ensinger

References

Polyesters
Plastics
Thermoplastics
Terephthalate esters
Nessus (software). Nessus is a proprietary vulnerability scanner developed by Tenable, Inc.

History

In 1998 Renaud Deraison created The Nessus Project as a free remote security scanner. On October 5 2005, with the release of Nessus 3, the project changed from the GNU General Public License to a proprietary license.

The Nessus 2 engine and some of the plugins are still using the GNU General Public License, leading to forks based on Nessus like OpenVAS and Greenbone Sustainable Resilience.

See also
Metasploit Project
OpenVAS
Security Administrator Tool for Analyzing Networks (SATAN)
SAINT (software)
Snort (software)
Wireshark

References

External links
 
 Nessus 2.2.11 files and source code
 Nessus source code up to 2.2.9

Pentesting software toolkits
Network analyzers
Linux security software
Formerly open-source or free software
Software using the GNU General Public License
Poly(p-phenylene). Poly(p-phenylene) (PPP) is made of repeating p-phenylene units, which act as the precursor to a conducting polymer of the rigid-rod polymer family. The synthesis of PPP has proven challenging, but has been accomplished through excess polycondensation with the Suzuki coupling method.

Early efforts typically produced black, insoluble powders that were difficult to characterize. For example, a 1962 paper reports "The solid glowed red-hot in a Bunsen flame, with no evidence of flame formation, and disappeared only slowly." (J. Polym. Sci. (1960), 47, 45) Initially, the chemical and thermal stability of the material drove interest in its synthesis. It was used in rocket nozzles and some fabrics requiring high thermal stability.

Oxidation or the use of dopants is used to convert the non-conductive form to a semiconductor.

References

External links
 Rigid-rod polymer host

Polymer chemistry
Phenylene compounds
Polydiacetylenes. Polydiacetylenes (PDAs) are a family of conducting polymers closely related to polyacetylene. They are created by the 1,4 topochemical polymerization of diacetylenes. They have multiple applications from the development of organic films to immobilization of other molecules.

History
The first polydiacetylene to be discovered was Poly(1,6-bishydroxy hexa-2,4-diacetylene) by Gerhard Wegner in 1969. This was achieved by exposing crystals of 1,6-bishydroxy hexa-2,4-diyne to UV light. Polymerization was assumed to occur because of the spatial arrangement of diynes in the crystal, but this was not confirmed until 1972 when Raymond H. Baughman coined the term "topochemical polymerization" to describe polymerization due to spatial arrangement and put forth the spatial requirements needed for a polymerization of this sort.

Synthesis

Synthesis of polydiacetylenes occurs through topochemical polymerization of 1,3-diynes. Typically, this must occur in the solid state, because many diynes undergo both 1,2 and 1,4 polymerization in solution – such is the case with diiodobutadiyne, and other diynes with electron withdrawing substituents. The ideal arrangement of diynes in the solid state is a repeat distance of 5Å, a 45° tilt angle, and a 3.5Å distance between C1 of one monomer and C4 of the adjacent diyne monomer.

Usually, polymerization is accompanied by a color change, due to the presence of an extended π-system. In addition, many PDAs exhibit thermochromism caused by twisting of the polymer backbone, changing the amount of conjugation in the system. Depending upon the structure of the monomer, the resulting PDA can have interesting properties such as formation of a vesicle or tube structure.

The chromatic transition from blue to red phase of PDA is caused by the electronic structure of PDAs' backbone which is featured by the alternative carbon double bond and carbon triple bond. Upon exposure to the external stimuli such as thermal, chemical and mechanical stimulus, the conjugation effect will endow the chromatic properties to this type material. As far as the pure or "intrinsic" PDAs are concerned, the blue to red phase transition is irreversible, however if the head groups of the PDAs' side chain are strengthened by other structure, for example chelation with metal oxide nanoparticles, it could provide resilience of the backbone to conduct the reversible color change. Several recent researches which assisted by DFT simulation have shown that the chromatic properties could be modified by adjusting the side chain structures of PDA. With the development thin film fabrication technology such as inkjet printing, PDAs could be coated on different substrate materials as multifunctional sensor, for example Kapton films, aluminum foil or even conventional paper.

Zhu et al. have recently published an article about the synthesis of polydiacetylene using copper catalyst. This is first report on synthesis of polydiacetylenes in the solution phase.

References

External links 
 Polydiacetylenes from University of Wisconsin – Madison

Organic polymers
Alkynes
Conductive polymers
Hotwire. Hotwire or hot wire may refer to:

Technology
 Hot-wiring, a method of starting a car with no key
 Hot-wire foam cutter, a tool used to cut foam and polystyrene
 Hot wire (electricity), a wire conductor with non-zero potential in electric power distribution
 Hot-wire anemometer, an electrical device for measuring the speed of airflow

Music
 Hotwire (band)
 Hot Wire (Trapeze album), 1974
 Hot Wire (Kix album), 1991
Hot Wires, a 1987 album by Roy Buchanan

Other
 Hotwire.com, an Internet-based travel agency
 HotWired, an internet magazine
Hotwire (comics), a Radical Comics series by Warren Ellis and Steve Pugh
Ferodo. Ferodo is a British brake company based in Chapel-en-le-Frith in High Peak, Derbyshire.

History

It was founded in 1897 by Herbert Frood (1864–1931), with manufacturing starting in Gorton in 1901 and moving to Chapel-en-le-Frith in 1902. Ferodo was the first company to use asbestos for brake linings and developed the first modern brake friction materials.

Ferodo UK became part of Turner & Newall in 1926.  It had a factory at Chapel-en-le-Frith and in 1964 opened another at Caernarfon.

In 1998 Turner & Newall was acquired by the huge automotive group Federal-Mogul. It is now part of Federal-Mogul Aftermarket UK Limited. In 2012 £13m was invested in new floors, insulation, low energy heating and new process machines.

Visits
On 21 November 1958, Philip, Duke of Edinburgh opened the £750,000 research centre, later visiting Chesterfield College of Technology.

Asbestos trust
Federal-Mogul got into financial difficulties and filed for Chapter 11 protection as a result of asbestosis claims. In the United Kingdom the business went into administration in October 2001, leaving a pension fund deficit estimated at £400 million.

The T&N Subfund of the Federal-Mogul Asbestos Trust was organized to pay all valid Asbestos Trust claims for which the T&N Entities have legal responsibility. The Trust was created December 27, 2007 as a result of the confirmation of The Federal-Mogul Chapter 11 Joint Plan of Reorganization.

For claimants whose principal exposure to asbestos was in the United Kingdom or one of several other non-US countries, a UK Asbestos Trust was established to provide for the payment of asbestos claims in addition to the US-focused Asbestos Trust described above. This includes posthumous payments to families of Ferodo factory workers.

Advertising
Ferodo is famous in Britain for advertising by having the Ferodo brand name painted on railway bridges over main roads.

References

External links
 
 Peakland Heritage - a brief history of Henry Frood and Ferodo
 Geograph photo of Chapel factory entrance
 Geograph photo of former Caernarfon factory closed in 2004

Auto parts suppliers of the United Kingdom
Brakes
Manufacturing companies established in 1897
Companies based in Derbyshire
1897 establishments in England
JPE. JPE may refer to:

 The Journal of Political Economy, a leading economics journal published by the University of Chicago
 The Journal of Political Ecology, a leading interdisciplinary journal published by the University of Arizona
 The Journal of Photonics for Energy
 .jpe (file extension) for JPEG images
 JPE (assembly language) instruction for jump if parity even, see x86 instruction listings
 Joint Planning Environment of the U.S. Joint Planning and Development Office
 Jonathan Palmer Evolution, a car produced by Caterham Cars
 Juan Ponce Enrile, Filipino politician
 Japanese Pidgin English

See also

 JPEG (disambiguation)
 JPG (disambiguation)
Chaos Communication Congress. The Chaos Communication Congress is an annual hacker conference organized by the Chaos Computer Club. The congress features a variety of lectures and workshops on technical and political issues related to security, cryptography, privacy and online freedom of speech. It has taken place regularly at the end of the year since 1984, with the current date and duration (27–30 December) established in 2005. It is considered one of the largest events of its kind, alongside DEF CON in Las Vegas.

History
The congress is held in Germany. It started in 1984 in Hamburg, moved to Berlin in 1998, and back to Hamburg in 2012, having exceeded the capacity of the Berlin venue with more than  attendees. Since then, it attracts an increasing number of people: around  attendees in 2012, over  in 2015, and more than  in 2017. From 2017 to 2019 it has taken place at the Trade Fair Grounds in Leipzig, since the Hamburg venue (CCH) was closed for renovation in 2017 and the existing space was not enough for the growing congress. The congress moved back to Hamburg in 2023, after the renovation of CCH was finished.

A large range of speakers are featured. The event is organized by volunteers called Chaos Angels. The non-members entry fee for four days was €100 in 2016, and was raised to €120 in 2018 to include a public transport ticket for the Leipzig area.

An important part of the congress are the assemblies, semi-open spaces with clusters of tables and internet connections for groups and individuals to collaborate and socialize in projects, workshops and hands-on talks. These assembly spaces, introduced at the 2012 meeting, combine the hack center project space and distributed group spaces of former years.

From 1997 to 2004 the congress also hosted the annual German Lockpicking Championships. 2005 was the first year the Congress lasted four days instead of three and lacked the German Lockpicking Championships.

2020 was the first year where the Congress did not take place at a physical location due to the COVID-19 pandemic, giving way to the first Remote Chaos Experience (rC3).

The Chaos Computer Club announced to return to the now newly renovated Congress Center Hamburg for the 37th edition of the Chaos Communication Congress. The announcement confirms the usual date of 27-30 December, notably omitting the year it will be held. On 18 October 2022, they confirmed that the congress will indeed not be held in 2022. On 6 October 2023, the CCC announced that 37C3 will take place again on the usual dates in 2023.

Congresses from 1984 to today

Gallery

See also 
 Chaos Communication Camp
 SIGINT
 DEF CON

Notes

References

External links

 Overview of Chaos Communication Congresses
 Blog for the Chaos Communication Congress (and other events)

Cryptography
Freedom of speech
Free-software events
Hacker conventions
Privacy
Recurring events established in 1984
Security
1984 establishments in West Germany
Culture in Berlin
20th century in Hamburg
21st century in Hamburg
Information technology in Germany
Soft. Soft may refer to:

 Softness, or hardness, a property of physical materials

Arts and entertainment
 Soft!, a 1988 novel by Rupert Thomson
 Soft (band), an American music group
 Soft (album), by Dan Bodan, 2014
 Softs (album), by Soft Machine, 1976
 "Soft", a song by Kings of Leon on the 2004 album Aha Shake Heartbreak
 "Soft"/"Rock", a 2001 single by Lemon Jelly

Other uses
 Sorgenti di Firenze Trekking (SOFT), a system of walking trails in Italy
 Soft matter, a subfield of condensed matter
 Magnetically soft, material with low coercivity
 soft water, which has low mineral content 
 Soft skills, a person's people, social, and other skills
 Soft commodities, or softs
A flaccid penis, the opposite of "hard"

See also
 
 
 Softener (disambiguation)
VCE. VCE may refer to:

Education
 Victorian Certificate of Education, a senior secondary school qualification in Victoria, Australia
 Vocational Certificate of Education, a further education qualification in the United Kingdom
 Vaagdevi College of Engineering, a college in Telangana, India

Technology
 Virtual Computing Environment, a former division of EMC Corporation originally created in collaboration with Cisco Systems
 Video Coding Engine, a video data processing hardware component
 Variable cycle engine, an aircraft thrust engine type

Other uses
 Venice Marco Polo Airport, Italy, by IATA airport code
 Videocapsule endoscopy
 Virtual customer environment, a web-based forum
SMA. SMA or S.M.A. may refer to:

Places
 American Samoa, ITU letter code
 Santa Maria Airport (Azores) (IATA code)
San Miguel de Allende, Mexico

People
 Sergeant Major of the Army, U.S.
 Sima (Chinese surname),  or Sma
 Joshua Falk, known as SM"A

Finance
 Separately managed account, types of investment account
 Special memorandum account, used regarding US Regulation T

Organisations
 Scouts Musulmans Algériens, the Algerian Muslim Scouts
 Sharjah Museums Authority
 SMA Engines, a diesel aircraft engine manufacturer
 SMA Solar Technology
 Society of African Missions, a Catholic missionary organization
 Society of Makeup Artists, post-nominal letters

Education
 Saint Mary's Academy, Dominica
 Sekolah Menengah Atas, Indonesian for "senior secondary school"
 San Marcos Baptist Academy, Texas, US
 Sarasota Military Academy, Florida, US
 Science and Mathematics Academy, a program at Aberdeen High School, Maryland, US
 Former Staunton Military Academy, Charles Town, Virginia, US

Science, engineering and technology
 Shape-memory alloy, that returns to its shape when heated
 Signal magnitude area, a statistical measure of magnitude
 Stone mastic asphalt, a type of road surface
 Styrene maleic anhydride, a synthetic polymer
 Submillimeter Array, radio telescopes in Mauna Kea, Hawaii, US

Computing and electronics
 SMA* (Simplified Memory-bounded Algorithm), a shortest path algorithm
 SMA connector (SubMiniature version A), a coaxial RF connector
 SMA 905 or F-SMA I, SMA 906 or F-SMA II, an optical fiber connector
 SMA or DO-214AC, a variant of the DO-214 diode package
 Surface-mount assembly, in electronics

Medicine and biology
 Standard methods agar or plate count agar
 SMA, several medical abbreviations
 SMA 12, SMA 20 and SMAC, previous names of Comprehensive metabolic panel blood tests
 α-SMA or  ACTA2, an actin protein
 Spinal muscular atrophy, a severe neuromuscular disorder
 Spinal muscular atrophies, a heterogeneous group of rare disorders
 Superior mesenteric artery
 Supplementary motor area, of the primate brain

Mathematics
 Simple moving average, in statistics

Music
 Seoul Music Awards
 "Sma", a 1999 song from the Point No. 1 album by  band Chevelle

Other uses
 Simulated milk adapted, an infant formula
SMA, Nestlé brand of baby milk
 Southern Sami language (ISO 639-2 language code)

See also
SMB connector. SMB (SubMiniature version B) connectors are coaxial RF connectors developed in the 1960s. SMB connectors are smaller than SMA connectors.

They feature a snap-on coupling and are available in either 50 Ω or 75 Ω impedance. They offer excellent electrical performance from DC to 4 GHz.

An SMB jack has a male center pin, while an SMB plug has a female basket.

Connectors are available for two SMB cable sizes: 
 Cable 2.6/50+75 S (3 mm outer / 1.7 mm inner diameter) and 
 Cable 2/50 S (2.2 mm outer / 1 mm inner diameter)

SSMB-Nano
The SSMB-Nano connector is a small version of the standard SMB connector with a 'snap-on' coupling.
 Impedance: 50 Ohm
 Operating frequency: DC–12.4 GHz

See also
 SMA connector, SMC connector
 BNC connector, TNC connector, N connector

References

Sources
 MIL-C-39012
 MIL-STD-348
 MIL-STD-202

External links

Image of SMB and Mini SMB 75 Ω plugs

RF connectors
SC-40. SC-40 may refer to:

 ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 40, a standardization subcommittee of the ISO/IEC JTC 1 on IT Service Management and IT Governance
 SC-40, a computer developed by Systems Concepts
 , a United States Navy submarine chaser commissioned in 1918 and sold in 1924
 Scandium-40 (Sc-40 or 40Sc), an isotope of scandium
Wool (disambiguation). Wool is the textile fibre obtained from sheep.

Wool may also refer to:

Organic matter

Alpaca wool, derived from fur of alpacas
Angora wool, derived from fur of rabbits
Cashmere wool, derived from fur of goats
Cotton wool, a British term for a fibrous mass of surgical cotton 
Llama wool, derived from fur of llamas
Wool, the commonly used term in the UK for woollen knitting yarn

Non-organic matter
Bronze wool, an abrasive derived from bronze
Glass wool, an insulating material derived from fiberglass
High temperature insulation wool, an insulating material derived from ceramic fibers
Mineral wool, an insulating material derived from minerals or metal oxides
Steel wool, an abrasive derived from steel

People
 Wool (surname)

Other uses 
Wool, the first book in the Silo series of science fiction novels by Hugh Howey
Wool, Dorset, a village in England
Wool (band), the rock band from Washington, D.C.
WOOL-FM, a radio station in Vermont, United States

See also 
British Wool Marketing Board
 Bob Woolmer, English cricketer whose nickname is Woollie
Woolly, British slang for a sweater
Worshipful Company of Woolmen
Mt Xinu. mt Xinu (from the letters in "Unix™", reversed) was a software company founded in 1983 that produced two operating systems.  Its slogan "We know Unix™ backwards and forwards" is an allusion to the company's name and abilities.

mt Xinu offered several products:

 mt Xinu was a commercially licensed version of the BSD Unix operating system for the DEC VAX. The initial version was based on 4.1cBSD; later versions were based on 4.2 and 4.3BSD.
 more/BSD is mt Xinu's version of 4.3BSD-Tahoe for VAX and HP 9000, incorporating code from the University of Utah's HPBSD. It includes NFS.
 Mach386 is a hybrid of Mach 2.5/2.6 and 4.3BSD-Tahoe/Reno for 386 and 486-based IBM PC compatibles.

mt Xinu produced interoperability software for Macintosh and Unix, including an AppleShare server for Unix.

The company's principals were University of California, Berkeley computer science students and graduates, including Bob Kridle, Alan Tobey, Ed Gould, and Vance Vaughan. Debbie Scherrer was a later contributor.

mt Xinu made light-hearted Unix-themed calendars, including:

 Command of the Month (1987–1988)
 Lessons in Art (1989)
 Platform of the Year (1990)

A division of mt Xinu spawned Xinet, which was founded in 1991.

References

 

Berkeley Software Distribution
Mach (kernel)
Unix history
Defunct software companies of the United States