omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Balseiro Institute. Balseiro Institute () is an Argentine academic institution that belongs partially to the National University of Cuyo and partially to the National Atomic Energy Commission. It is located in Bariloche, Río Negro province, Argentina. Notable alumni of this institute include Marcela Carena, Juan Maldacena, Juan Ignacio Galvan and Jorge Pullin.

Overview

The Balseiro Institute teaches Physics, Nuclear Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Telecommunications Engineering at undergraduate and graduate levels. The institute admits students who have completed two years of university studies (either in Physics or Engineering) and undergoes a rigorous admission procedure.

Since the creation of the Balseiro Institute to date (April 2013) 963 graduates and engineers, 234 masters, 460 doctorates and 112 specialists graduated from CEATEN (Specialization in Technological Applications of Nuclear Energy) graduated. Most of these professionals achieved a successful job placement.

History 
Nuclear research in the province of Rio Negro began as the Huemul Project in the Perón era. Nuclear facilities were organized as the Bariloche Atomic Centre, under the direction of José Antonio Balseiro.

An educational institution was established as the Instituto de Física de Bariloche on April 22, 1955, as a joint project of the National Atomic Energy Commission and the National University of Cuyo; the former administers the Bariloche Atomic Centre, whose work led to the first research reactor in Latin America (1957), as well as the region's first commercial reactor, Atucha I, in 1974. The institute was renamed in 1962 to honor José Antonio Balseiro, who was its first director.

The first graduates were members of the Physics class of 1958. In the 1970s, Balseiro became the only institute in Argentina to grant degrees in nuclear engineering, as the country was stepping up its nuclear program with the incorporation of the Embalse and Atucha II, as well as continued research activity in the Constituyentes and Bariloche reactors.

See also
Sabato Institute of Technology
INVAP
Gregorio Baro
Guido Beck
Think tank#Argentina
List of Guggenheim Fellowships awarded in 2001
List of Guggenheim Fellowships awarded in 2007

References

Physics research institutes
Research institutes in Argentina
Educational institutions established in 1955
Nuclear technology in Argentina
1955 establishments in Argentina
R7. 
R7 or R-7 may refer to:

Military
 R-7 (missile), the world's first intercontinental ballistic missile, created by the Soviet Union
 R-7 (rocket family), a family of expendable space launch vehicles, created by the Soviet Union
 , a 1985 Invincible class British Royal Navy light aircraft carrier
 USS R-7 (SS-84), a 1919 R-class coastal and harbor defense submarine of the United States Navy

Transport
 R7 (Belgium), the Liège ring road
 R7 Chestnut Hill East Line, a SEPTA rail route in Philadelphia, USA
 R7 expressway (Czech Republic), an expressway in Czech Republic
 R 7 (Kosovo), a motorway in Kosovo
 R7 expressway (Slovakia), a planned expressway in southern Slovakia
 R7/A (New York City Subway car), a model of rail rolling stock manufactured in 1937
 R7 (Rodalies de Catalunya), a rail line in Barcelona, Spain
 R7 Trenton, a SEPTA rail route in Philadelphia, USA
 R7 (RER Vaud), an S-Bahn line in the canton of Vaud
 R7 road (Zimbabwe), A road connecting Gweru with Mvuma
 Aserca Airlines, IATA designator R7, an airline based in Valencia, Venezuela
 Radial Road 7 or R-7, an arterial road of Manila, Philippines
 Renault 7, a sedan car
 Rising Auto R7, an electric crossover SUV
 Vashon Ranger R7, an American light-sport aircraft design
 Yamaha YZF-R7, a 1999 racing homologation motorcycle by Yamaha
 Yamaha YZF-R7 (2022 bike), a supersport motorcycle by Yamaha

Other uses
 R7.com, a Brazilian news portal
 R7 (drug), a TrkB agonist under investigation for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease
 R7: May cause fire, a risk phrase in chemistry
 R7 Quad, a model of driver (golf club)
 ATC code R07, Other respiratory system products, a subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System
 Canon EOS R7, a 2022 mirrorless camera
 Leica R7, a 1992 film-SLR camera
 Radeon R7, a series of graphics processing units made by AMD
 School District of Webb City R-7, a school district in Jasper County, Missouri, USA
 Drosophila's R7 photoreceptor, the development of which is governed by Sevenless

See also
 7R (disambiguation)
NER 1001 Class. The North Eastern Railway (NER) 1001 Class  was a class of long-boiler 0-6-0 steam locomotive originally designed by William Bouch for the Stockton and Darlington Railway.

Technical data
A NER 1001 class locomotive weighed about , with a wheelbase of  and   diameter driven wheels. Its  diameter boiler produced over  of tractive effort at .

History
The "long boiler" design dated back to a Stephenson design of 1842. At that time there was a controversy about keeping the centre of gravity low.  Another point of view was espoused by John Gray who set out to improve efficiency and increase the pressure in shorter boilers using single drivers instead of coupled wheels. His ideas led to the design of the highly successful Jenny Lind locomotive.

The long boiler design with coupled wheels continued for slower heavier work. A total of 192 NER 1001 class locomotives were built from 1852 by a number of private manufacturers, as well as the NER's own works at Darlington and Shildon.

The small size of the firebox would seem remarkable in later years, but the engines were ideal where trains might spend long periods standing, waiting for a path, or when shunting. A minimum amount of fuel would have delivered sufficient heat to the large boiler to start heavy loads.

The last ten NER 1001s were delivered in 1875. Many were rebuilt in the following twenty five years. The last was withdrawn in 1923.  

Having travelled an official mileage of , locomotive number 1275 is preserved at the National Railway Museum in York.

Accidents and incidents
On 5 November 1900, locomotive No. 1245 was hauling a freight train when it ran away and was derailed by trap points at Lingdale Junction, Yorkshire.
On 8 August 1909, a locomotive of the class was hauling a freight train which was derailed at Hartley, Cumberland due to heat buckled track.

References

External links
The Bouch NER '1001' Class 0-6-0 Locomotives
The Great Western Archive

1001
0-6-0 locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1852
Freight locomotives
ALCS transaction monitor. ALCS, which stands for Airline Control System, is an application server that provides industrial-strength, online transaction management for mission-critical applications.

ALCS is a transaction processing monitor for the IBM System/360, System/370, System/390, and IBM Z mainframes. It is a variant of TPF specially designed to provide all the benefits of TPF (very high speed, high volume, and high availability in transaction processing) but with the advantages such as easier integration into the data center offered by running on a standard IBM operating system platform.

Like TPF, it is primarily used in the airline, hotel, and banking industries.

Whereas TPF runs as a stand-alone OS, ALCS is designed to run as an application on top of MVS/OS/390/z/OS. However, the API it provides to applications is very similar to that on TPF, so applications written for TPF can run on ALCS with minimal modifications: typically fewer modifications than are required to move from one release of TPF to another. ALCS 2.3.1 runs on OS/390 2.10 and z/OS. ALCS 2.4.1 was released in June 2008.

Because it runs under standard IBM operating systems, it can easily leverage other developments or enhancements on those platforms.  For example, to enable MQSeries for TPF required the porting, modification, and authoring of large volumes of code.  To enable this on ALCS, only an interface to the MQ product on z/OS needed to be written.  And any enhancements made to MQ Series on z/OS by the MQ team are available without any additional work on the part of the ALCS development team. This also applies to TCP/IP, Db2, VTAM, to a certain extent language support and even basic disk I/O.

References
Airline Control System V2
IBM: TPF
ALCS Users

IBM mainframe software
Sodium bromate. Sodium bromate, the inorganic compound with the chemical formula of NaBrO3, is the sodium salt of bromic acid. It is a strong oxidant.

Uses
Sodium bromate is mainly used in continuous or batch dyeing processes involving sulfur or vat dyes and as a hair-permagent, chemical agent, or gold solvent in gold mines when used with sodium bromide.

Production
Sodium bromate can be produced from a solution of sodium carbonate and bromine using chlorine gas as the oxidising agent.
6 Na2CO3 + Br2 + 5 Cl2 -> 2 NaBrO3 + 10 NaCl + 6 CO2 

It may also be produced by the electrolytic oxidation of aqueous sodium bromide.

Human health issues 
Bromate in drinking water is undesirable because it is a suspected human carcinogen. Its presence in Coca-Cola's Dasani bottled water forced a recall of that product in the UK.

References

Notes

External links
Sodium Bromate MSDS On The Wayback Machine: December 6 2018

Sodium compounds
Bromates
Oxidizing agents
Potassium bromate. Potassium bromate () is a bromate of potassium and takes the form of white crystals or powder. It is a strong oxidizing agent.

Preparation
Potassium bromate is produced when bromine is passed through a hot solution of potassium hydroxide. This first forms unstable potassium hypobromite, which quickly disproportionates into bromide and bromate:
 3   2  +  
Electrolysis of potassium bromide solutions will also give bromate. Both processes are analogous to those used in the production of chlorates.

Potassium bromate is readily separated from the potassium bromide present in both methods owing to its much lower solubility; when a solution containing potassium bromate and bromide is cooled to 0°C, nearly all bromate will precipitate, while nearly all of the bromide will stay in solution.

Uses in baking
Potassium bromate is typically used in the United States as a flour improver (E number E924). It acts to strengthen the dough and to allow higher rising. It is an oxidizing agent, and under the right conditions, is reduced to bromide in the baking process. However, if too much is added, or if the bread is under-baked long or baked at a low enough temperature, then a residual amount remains, which may be harmful if consumed.

Potassium bromate may be used in the production of malt barley, but under safety conditions prescribed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), including labeling standards for the finished product. It is a powerful oxidizer (electrode potential   similar to potassium permanganate).

Regulation
Potassium bromate is classified as a category 2B carcinogen by the IARC. The FDA allowed the use of bromate before the Delaney clause of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act – which bans potentially carcinogenic substances – went into effect in 1958. Since 1991, the FDA has urged bakers to not use it, but has not mandated a ban. 

Japanese baked goods manufacturers stopped using potassium bromate voluntarily in 1980; however, Yamazaki Baking resumed its use in 2005, claiming it had new production methods to reduce the amount of the chemical which remained in the final product.

Potassium bromate is banned from food products in the European Union, Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Nigeria, South Korea, and Peru. It was banned in Sri Lanka in 2001, China in 2005, and India in 2016, but it is allowed in most of the United States. As of May 2023, the U.S. state of New York is considering banning the use of potassium bromate. 

In California, a warning label is required when bromated flour is used. In October 2023, California enacted a law that banned the manufacture, sale, and distribution of potassium bromate (along with three other additives: brominated vegetable oil, propylparaben, and Red 3). The law takes effect in 2027. It was the first U.S. state to ban it.

References 

Bromates
Potassium compounds
IARC Group 2B carcinogens
Oxidizing agents
Food additives
Dan Henry. Dan Henry (1913-2012) is the inventor of directional pavement markings commonly used to guide participants along the route of organized bicycling events. The markers themselves are usually called Dan Henry Arrows.

 Originally, the markings consisted of a circle with a vertical line from the edge of the circle pointing in the direction of travel (straight ahead, left turn, right turn). Other common markings are a circle X to denote wrong way, and a circled horizontal line to denote caution.

Variations on the circle pattern developed to differentiate between different rides as more and more rides began to use the same roads. Variations include color, triangles, squares, letters, etc.

Other cycling related inventions by Henry include front and rear suspension systems and the 'sling' saddle.

Henry worked as a commercial pilot, starting in the 1920s, later on DC-2 and DC-3 aircraft and the Boeing 707 jetliner
.

Honors
The League of American Wheelmen awarded Henry its Paul Dudley White Medal in 1992 and a bike route in the Santa Ynez Valley has been named for him.

References 

1913 births
2012 deaths
Male touring cyclists
Place of birth missing
Commercial aviators
American inventors
Herbert Kalmus. Herbert Thomas Kalmus (November 9, 1881 – July 11, 1963) was an American scientist and engineer who played a significant role in developing color motion picture film.  Kalmus was the co-founder and president of the Technicolor Motion Picture Corporation.

Biography
Kalmus received a bachelor's degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1904; the "Tech" in Technicolor is partly a tribute to that school. He earned his doctorate at the University of Zurich and was a research associate at MIT from 1908 to 1910 before teaching physics, electrochemistry and metallurgy at Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. He was also a director of research for the Canadian government's electro-chemical laboratory.

On July 23, 1902, Kalmus married Natalie (née Dunfee or Dunphy) Kalmus, who became the color coordinator for nearly every live-action Technicolor feature released from 1934 to 1949. Although they divorced in 1922 after twenty years of marriage, they continued to live together, appearing as husband and wife, until 1944. He then married Eleanore King in 1949.

In 1912, Kalmus and fellow MIT graduate Daniel Comstock formed Kalmus, Comstock, and Wescott, an industrial research and development firm, with mechanic W. Burton Wescott, who left the company in 1921. When the firm was hired to analyze an inventor's flicker-free motion picture system, they became intrigued with the art and science of filmmaking, particularly color motion picture processes, leading to the incorporation of Technicolor in 1915. Most of Technicolor's early patents were taken out by Comstock and Wescott, while Kalmus served primarily as the company's president and chief executive officer.

In 1938, Kalmus received the Progress Medal from the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. In 1952, he received their Samuel L. Warner memorial award, "for Technicolor's perfection of the imbibition process for 16mm color prints and for the techniques of making separate sound negatives for mass production by the 35mm/32mm method for excellence of 16mm sound", however it was "accepted on his behalf by Mr. Wadsworth Pohl, his associate." He was made an honorary life member of the SMPTE. He also received an award from the US Office of Scientific Research and Development.

He was a director at Stanford Research Institute.

He had two daughters. Kalmus' god-daughter (and later step-daughter), Cammie King, played the part of Bonnie Blue Butler in the film Gone With the Wind (1939). The autobiography of Herbert Kalmus, Mr. Technicolor (), was published in 1993.

Legacy
Kalmus has a star on the Walk of Fame in Hollywood, California.
Kalmus Beach in Hyannis, Massachusetts, is named after him.

References

External links 
 Brief biography of Herbert Kalmus 
 Kalmus v. Kalmus, 1950.
 Kalmus v. Kalmus, 1951.
 
 

1881 births
1963 deaths
American cinema pioneers
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
People from Chelsea, Massachusetts
OSS through Java. OSS/J (a.k.a. OSS through Java) is a TM Forum technical program whose primary goal is to develop open interface standards (APIs) for the integration of Business Support Systems (BSS) & Operations Support System (OSS).

OSS/J addresses the concerns of Frameworx implementation stakeholders by providing open standard APIs based on the NGOSS framework, particularly the Frameworx Shared Information/Data Model (SID). Work is underway to organize the OSS/J APIs against the NGOSS Telecom Application Map (TAM).

The OSS/J APIs are multi-technology based and include Java, XML, and Web Services integration profiles. Each integration profile consists of specifications, a reference implementation, and a conformance test suite (TCK).

The OSS/J APIs are developed under the Java Community Process and can be downloaded for free from the TM Forum OSS/J web site.

See also  
 Networked Help Desk

References

External links
 
 OSS/J Program web site

Computer standards
David Forbes (mineralogist). David Forbes FRS (6 September 18285 December 1876) was a Manx mineralogist, metallurgist, and chemist.

Life
Forbes was born in Douglas, Isle of Man, the brother of Edward Forbes, and received his early education there and at Brentwood in Essex. When he was fourteen he had already acquired a knowledge of chemistry. This subject he studied at the University of Edinburgh, and he was still young when he was appointed superintendent of the mining and metallurgical works at Espedal in Norway. Subsequently, he became a partner in the firm of Evans & Askin, nickel-smelters, of Birmingham, and in that capacity during the years 1857-1860 he visited Chile, Bolivia and Peru. Besides reports for the Iron and Steel Institute, of which, during the last years of his life, he was foreign secretary, he wrote upwards of 50 papers on scientific subjects, among which are the following: The Action of Sulphurets on Metallic Silicates at High Temperatures; The Relations of the Silurian and Metamorphic Rocks of the south of Norway; The Causes producing Foliation in Rocks; The Chemical Composition of the Silurian and Cambrian Limestones; The Geology of Bolivia and Southern Peru and The Mineralogy of Chile.

His observations on the geology of South America were given in a masterly essay, and these and subsequent researches threw much light on igneous and metamorphic phenomena and on the resulting changes in rock formations. He also contributed important articles on chemical geology to the Chemical News and Geological Magazine (1867 and 1868). In England he was a pioneer in microscopic petrology. He was elected F.R.S. in 1858. He died in London and is buried in Kensal Green Cemetery, London.

His collection of books and mineralogical specimens were bought by Owens College, Manchester: the books have remained in the library (now the John Rylands University Library) and the specimens in the Manchester Museum.

References

External links

1828 births
1876 deaths
British mineralogists
British chemists
Fellows of the Royal Society
Manx people
People from Douglas, Isle of Man
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Burials at Kensal Green Cemetery
Nicholas Stergiou. Nicholas Stergiou (Greek: Νικόλαος Στεργίου; born October 16, 1965) is a Greek-American biomechanic. He is the founding Chair of the Department of Biomechanics at University of Nebraska at Omaha (UNO), where he is also the Distinguished Community Research Chair and Professor. He is also the Director of the Center for Research in Human Movement Variability and Dean of the Division of Biomechanics and Research Development at UNO. Stergiou is also a professor at the College of Public Health at the University of Nebraska Medical Center.

Early life and education
Stergiou was born on October 16, 1965. He completed his Bachelor of Science degree at Aristotle University of Thessaloniki before enrolling at the University of Nebraska Omaha (UNO) for his Master's degree. He chose to apply to UNO after reading a journal article written by UNO professor Kris Berg. After completing his master's degree, Stergiou completed his PhD at the University of Oregon. He was then forced to return to Greece to complete his mandatory military service.

Career
While completing his mandatory military service, Stergiou secured an academic position at UNO in 1996. Upon joining the faculty as an assistant professor, Stergiou became the Director of the HPER Biomechanics Laboratory.

Personal life
Stergiou married Ann E. Kessinger in 1997.

References

Living people
1965 births
American male writers
American roboticists
University of Nebraska Omaha faculty
Brodie landing system. The Brodie landing system was a unique method of launching and landing light aircraft that was devised by Captain James H. Brodie, a member of the Transportation Corps who was later transferred to the United States Army Air Forces during World War II. The novel system involved catching an overhead hook attached to the plane with a sling, which itself was attached to a cable secured between towers and acted as an arresting gear. This system was originally envisioned to provide anti-submarine aircraft support for trans-Atlantic convoys, and for operating lightweight liaison aircraft in terrain normally unsuitable for runway construction, such as dense jungle or in the mountains. However, it was never employed in those environments due to its late adoption in the war. One of its perceived land-based qualities was that its small size would render it much harder to detect by the enemy than a conventional landing strip.

After a successful demonstration at Moisant Field (now New Orleans International Airport), the system was tested in September 1943 for shipboard use when it was installed on the motor ship . Staff Sergeant R. A. Gregory performed ten successful takeoffs and hookups without incident with a Stinson L-5 Sentinel, but those operations were conducted under ideal weather and sea conditions.

The Brodie device was designed to allowed cargo vessels to be inexpensively converted with relatively minor structural changes so that they could launch and recover planes at sea.  The system was used by the Navy for launching  Marine Corps OY-1 Sentinels (a Navy version of the L-5) at Iwo Jima and Army Piper L-4 Cubs at Okinawa from LST-776.  While the invention achieved moderate  success, several OY-1's were lost due to pitching and rolling of the ship at sea. Concluding that the device was better suited for fixed installations on land, the Navy program was terminated in favor of CVE escort aircraft carriers that were allocated to carry liaison planes during the planned invasion of Japan.   

Brodie and test pilot Flight Officer Raymond Gregory were awarded the Legion of Merit for their work on the system in 1945. Brodie envisioned scaling the system up to capture planes as heavy as 7000 lbs. He was issued US Patent # 2,435,197, # 2,488,050, # 2,488,051, # 3,163,380 for variations of the landing system.

Operational history
LST 776, LST 393, and LST 325 were outfitted with Brodie landing systems.
The RAF used an L-5 for testing the Brodie system in India.
One type of light aircraft which used the system was the Stinson L-5 Sentinel, an example of which is displayed in Brodie configuration at the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center museum in Dulles, Virginia.

See also
 Merchant aircraft carrier
 Fighter catapult armed auxiliary ship
 CAM ship
 Aviation-capable naval vessel
 Aircraft catapult

References

Bibliography
 
 Brodie Aerofiles - A Runway on a Rope, Accessed 2 September 2005

External links
 "L-5 Used in Pacific With Brodie System YouTube
 Brodie System in use for both takeoff and recovery with Piper L-4 and Stinson L-5 aircraft YouTube

Types of take-off and landing
Naval aviation technology