omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Menck. Menck & Hambrock (also known as Menck) was a German manufacturer of earth moving and ramming equipment and once one of the world's leading companies. They were based in central Altona Ottensen, a part of Hamburg. Today the company operates as MENCK GmbH.

Beginnings
The company was founded in 1868 by Johannes Menck and Diedrich Hambrock to build boilers.

The 1930s and the Diesel Era
In 1933, following the Caterpillar 60, Menck designed the first German bulldozer. With co-operation from Hanomag Universal Diesel, they designed the express excavator series of Mo, mA, MT, Mc and MD.  Menck drove the design and development of earth-scraping devices which served a new market.  Invented in 1939, the unique Schürfkübelraupe, which was produced by Menck into the 70's, is now built by a Japanese manufacturer under licence.

After World War II
After the Second World War, pressure from the Occupation Powers and the West German Federal Government urged the company to switch capacities from production of weapons to excavator and crane building, as this equipment was urgently needed. Reconstruction of a demolished Central Europe was paramount, and so Menck continued, first with the aforementioned series of excavators and then. starting in 1948, with a completely new line with designations such as M152, M75, M60 and M90.

Present day
In 1966 Menck was bought by the US company Koehring and declared bankruptcy in 1978. Many Menck developments were taken over by other companies. Menck, now reconstituted, builds offshore drilling equipment and deep sea pile driving products. Today the company operates as MENCK GmbH.

Monument
At the Place were the Factory was in Ottensen Altona, a 1954 M152 vandalised functional Excavator brings the Memory of what was there manufactured since 1998.

References

External links

 Menck and Hambrock archives, English translation, accessed May 22, 2007

Companies established in 1868
Machine manufacturers
Manufacturing companies based in Hamburg
SAI Quiet Supersonic Transport. The SAI Quiet Supersonic Transport (QSST) was a project by Supersonic Aerospace International (SAI) to develop a "virtually boomless" commercial supersonic business jet. The project was announced around the year 2000 and provided update announcements until 2010. After three years without any updates, the last update was in 2013. , there have been no more updates, and the project appears to have been abandoned. The project has currently merged with NASA's X-59 Quesst project.

Design and development
The Lockheed Martin Skunk Works began developing the QSST in May 2001 under a $25-million contract from SAI.
Designed to cruise at an altitude of 60,000 feet (18,288 meters) at speeds of Mach 1.6 to 1.8 (approximately 1,218 to 1,370 statute miles per hour, or 1,920 to 2,204 kilometers per hour) with a range of 4,600 statute miles (approx. 7,402 km), the two-engine gull-wing aircraft was designed to create a sonic boom only 1% as strong as that generated by the Concorde.

SAI invited engine proposals from General Electric, Pratt & Whitney and Rolls-Royce.
Each of the QSST's two engines must generate 33,000 pounds (approx. 14,968 kg) of thrust, comparable to the power of engines for midsize airliners.
The price per aircraft was expected to be about $80 million.
SAI had planned to select an engine once an international consortium to manufacture the jet was completed, achieve first flight in 2017, and begin customer deliveries by 2018.

The reduction in sonic-boom energy is achieved by increasing the ratio of length to wingspan, using canards, and ensuring that the individual pressure waves generated by each part of the aircraft structure reinforce each other less significantly, producing a light rumble on the ground without an objectionable sonic boom like conventional supersonic aircraft.

Supersonic Aerospace International
Supersonic Aerospace International, LLC (SAI) was an American aerospace firm.  The company was begun in 2001 by Michael Paulson, son of Gulfstream Aerospace founder Allen Paulson. It was working to build the QSST though there has been no news of the project since the company's website went dormant in 2010.

See also

References

External links
 
 Popular Science: All Sonic, No Boom", by Eric Hagerman Posted 03.01.2007

Supersonic business jets
Abandoned civil aircraft projects of the United States
Gull-wing aircraft
Canard aircraft
Twinjets
QST
High-wing aircraft
Auspex Systems. Auspex Systems was a computer data storage company founded in 1987 by Larry Boucher, who was previously CEO of Adaptec. It was headquartered in Santa Clara, California.

Auspex introduced the first network-attached storage (NAS) devices. After an initial public offering in 1993, shares were traded on the NASDAQ exchange under symbol ASPX.
One of the unique features of their systems was the ease with which volumes could be transparently mirrored and migrated between physical disks. Auspex systems used Functional Multiprocessing, essentially Asymmetric multiprocessing, that allowed the systems to scale functions independently -- such as networking, file processing, or storage processing. There was a Host Processor running Unix that controlled the whole system. This 'system within a system' could even be rebooted without interrupting file servicing. They became a leading provider of data center storage in the mid-1990s but fell behind NetApp in the field.
Early cabinet rack models held sets of 3-4gb disks the size of small shoeboxes.
Bruce N. Moore joined in 1995 as president and chief executive officer.
Boucher left the company in 1997 to found Alacritech.

Their 4Front or NS2000 model, initially offered in 1999 as a stackable system, held drawers of disks and was plagued by Mylex RAID controller issues which contributed to their bankruptcy in June 2003. Their last product, the NSc3000, was the first multi-vendor SAN-NAS gateway and essentially kept the same NAS front-end but could connect via Fibre Channel to any SAN disk array.
After the burst of the dot-com bubble, in February, 2000, the company worked with Regent Pacific to select Gary J. Sbona as interim chief executive. When the company was liquidated in 2003, its patent portfolio was acquired by NetApp and its services business went to GlassHouse Technologies for about $280,000.

References

American companies established in 1987
American companies disestablished in 2003
Companies based in Santa Clara, California
Computer companies established in 1987
Computer companies disestablished in 2003
Defunct computer companies of the United States
Defunct computer hardware companies
Tungsten hexacarbonyl. Tungsten hexacarbonyl (also called tungsten carbonyl) is an organometallic compound with the formula W(CO)6. This complex gave rise to the first example of a dihydrogen complex.

Like its chromium and molybdenum analogs, this colorless compound is noteworthy as a volatile, air-stable derivative of tungsten in its zero oxidation state.

Preparation, properties, and structure
Like many metal carbonyls, W(CO)6 is generally prepared by "reductive carbonylation", which involves the reduction of a metal halide with under an atmosphere of carbon monoxide. As described in a 2023 survey of methods "most cost-effective routes for the synthesis of group 6 hexacarbonyls are based on the reduction of the metal chlorides (CrCl3, MoCl5 or WCl6) with magnesium, zinc or aluminium powders... under CO pressures". The compound is relatively air-stable. It is sparingly soluble in nonpolar organic solvents. Tungsten carbonyl is widely used in electron beam-induced deposition technique - it is easily vaporized and decomposed by the electron beam providing a convenient source of tungsten atoms.

W(CO)6 adopts an octahedral geometry consisting of six rod-like CO ligands radiating from the central W atom with dipole moment 0 debye.

Reactivity
All reactions of W(CO)6 commence with displacement of some CO ligands in W(CO)6. W(CO)6 behaves similarly to the Mo(CO)6 but tends to form compounds that are kinetically more robust.  

Treatment of tungsten hexacarbonyl with sodium cyclopentadienide followed by oxidation of the resulting NaW(CO)3(C5H5) gives cyclopentadienyltungsten tricarbonyl dimer.

One derivative is the dihydrogen complex W(CO)3[P(C6H11)3]2(H2).

Three of these CO ligands can be displaced by acetonitrile.
W(CO)6 has been used to desulfurize organosulfur compounds and as a precursor to catalysts for alkene metathesis.

Safety and handling
Like all metal carbonyls, W(CO)6 is a dangerous source of volatile metal as well as CO.

References

Organotungsten compounds
Carbonyl complexes
Octahedral compounds
Tungsten(0) compounds
Bolwell Nagari. The Bolwell Nagari is a sports car produced by Bolwell in Australia. The original Mk VIII Nagari was built from 1970 to 1974 and the Mk X Nagari was launched in 2008.

Mk VIII Nagari

Nagari is an aboriginal word meaning "flowing," and the Bolwell Nagari, also known as the Mk VIII, was the company's first full production sports car with 100 coupes and 18 Sports (roadster) made.  It was manufactured from 1970 to 1974 and became the best known out of the 9 Bolwell car designs: the Mk I-VIII and Ikara. The Nagari featured a Ford 302 or 351 cubic inch V8 engine mounted in a ,  wheelbase body and backbone chassis. Other components came from Ford (suspension and dampers) and Austin 1800 (steering).

Motorsport
The Nagari was a popular choice of production sports car in the early ‘70s, competing in the Australian Sports Car Championship (ASCC). Peter Warren won the 1975 Australian Tourist Trophy for Production Sports Cars driving a Bolwell Nagari.

Mk X Nagari

In late 2006 it was announced that the Bolwell company intended to produce a new, carbon fibre-bodied car under the 'Nagari' name
and the model was confirmed for production in 2008. The prototype debuted at the 2008 Melbourne International Motor Show and the 2008 Sydney International Motor Show. It is a mid-engined two-seater coupé with a carbon-fibre tub, front and rear subframes and a carbon-reinforced composite body. Power comes from a fettled 2GR-FE 3.5L V6 engine sourced from the Toyota Aurion, which is available either as naturally aspirated or fitted with an optional Sprintex supercharger. In N/A form the 2GR-FE produces  at 6200rpm, with  of torque at 4700rpm. Initially the Nagari was available with only a 6-speed automatic (with or without paddle shifting), however a 6-speed manual transmission was later developed. DC5-model Honda Integra tail-lights are used in the exterior. Standard features are limited, with prices starting around $150,000 AUD for a basic model, and can range up to $260,000 for a top-spec model with the supercharged engine and manual transmission.

References

External links 
 The Bolwell Car Company and the new Nagari
 The 2008 Bolwell Nagari on YouTube
 New Nagari at 2008 Melbourne Motor Show
 Bolwell owner's club
 Bolwell.com of Australia
 Bolwell Reviews & Road-tests
 Project Nagari - Project Car Build
 'Bolwell' - Company product publication

Cars of Australia
1960s cars
1970s cars
2010s cars
2020s cars
Automobiles with backbone chassis
Nela Park. Nela Park is the headquarters of GE Lighting, a Savant company, and is located in East Cleveland, Ohio, United States. Nela Park is the first industrial park in the world, and was the site of most of the lighting breakthroughs of the last century.

The institute was first organized by entrepreneurs Franklin Terry and Burton Tremaine of the National Electric Lamp Company. Development of the site was started in 1911 when the National Electric Lamp Association (NELA), formed by John Robert Crouse Sr, J.B. Crouse, and H.A. Tremaine in 1901, was dissolved and absorbed into General Electric. It was the first industrial park in the world, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. The campus emulates a university setting, and the dominant architectural style is Georgian Revival. The  campus is home to GE's Lighting & Electrical Institute, which was founded in 1933.  Each December, Nela Park features a world-famous Christmas lighting display, which culminates in a miniature version of the National Christmas Tree in Washington, D.C., designed by GE Lighting.

During World War I, the Chemical Corps had a research station at Nela.

Ownership 
In March 2022, GE Lighting sold Nela Park to an affiliate of Phoenix Investors, a Milwaukee-based real estate firm.

See also 
 Marvin Pipkin - a scientist engineer that had many inventions and innovations for the light bulb and worked at NELA Park.

References

External links

GE Lighting History
Chicago Lighting Institute

East Cleveland, Ohio
General Electric
National Register of Historic Places in Cuyahoga County, Ohio
Industrial parks in the United States
Buildings and structures in Cuyahoga County, Ohio
Industrial buildings and structures in Ohio
Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio
Boron sulfide. Boron sulfide is the chemical compound with the formula B2S3.  It is a white, moisture-sensitive solid.  It has a polymeric structure.  The material has been of interest as a component of "high-tech" glasses and as a reagent for preparing organosulfur compounds.  It is the parent member of the thioborates.

Reactions
Like the sulfides of silicon and phosphorus, B2S3 reacts with traces of water, including atmospheric moisture to release H2S. This hydrolysis is described by the following idealized equation:

B2S3 readily forms glasses when blended with other sulfides such as P4S10.  Such glasses do not absorb mid-frequencies of Infra-red energy relative to conventional borosilicate glasses.  Some of these ternary phases that are fast ion conductors.

B2S3 converts ketones into the corresponding thiones.  For example, the conversion of benzophenone to its thione proceeds as follows:

In practice, B2S3 would be used in excess.

Synthesis
An early synthesis involved the reaction of iron and manganese borides with hydrogen sulfide at temperatures of 300 °C.  The conversion is shown for the monoborides in the following idealized equation:

The first synthesis was done by Jöns Jakob Berzelius in 1824 by direct reaction of amorphous boron with sulfur vapor.
2 B  +  3 S  →  B2S3

Another synthesis was favoured by Friedrich Wöhler and Henri Etienne Sainte-Claire Deville first published in 1858, starting from boron and  hydrogen sulfide.

2 B  +  3 H2S  →  B2S3  +  3 H2

Structure
The boron atoms in B2S3 are trigonal planar, and are arranged in B3S3 and B2S2 rings with bridging S atoms forming a layer structure with an interlayer distance of 355 pm. This is different from boron trioxide which has a three dimensional structure. The molecular, monomeric, form of B2S3 has a planar V shape with the central B-S-B angle of approximately 120°.

References

Boron compounds
Sesquisulfides
Lidgerwood. Lidgerwood was a historic American engineering company famous for its boilers, winches, scrapers, hoists and cranes, particularly ones that helped build the Panama Canal. They later built logging yarders and aerial tramways, cable cars or ropeways.

Lidgerwood winches had at least two specific railroad maintenance uses, and were used by railroad customers to move railroad freight cars into position for loading and unloading (and to move other cars out of the way).  As the successor company is still in business it is probable that they continue to be used in the railroad industry for moving cars through current (2013) times.

Railroad wheels need to have a specific profile.  As the profile wears into degraded shapes their performance becomes irregular and eventually unsafe.  Most wheels are re-profiled using some variation of a wheel lathe or milling machine; but it is impractical to position steam locomotives over a lathe or to remove the wheels for re-profiling (although shop lathes do re-profile dis-mounted drive wheels when the locomotive is already disassembled).  Instead, a winch – known colloquially as "The Lidgerwood" on some railroads – would move the locomotive while cutting heads were mounted on brake shoe brackets and forced against the wheels. As the locomotive moved against the cutting heads, its wheels were cut back to a desirable profile.  In a locomotive maintenance facility of the steam engine era (until, generally, the mid-1950s in the US) the place where this was done was sometimes known as the "Lidgerwood Track".

Maintenance of a railroad embankment may require material (soil, rock, etc.) to be moved from where it is deposited by erosion near the track to a place where the embankment has been eroded away, or a railroad may need to simply widen the cut and fill sections.  One method to do this was to mount a winch on one flat car (colloquially known as the Lidgerwood Car and in some cases labeled as such) with a line connected to a plow that was configured to slide along the decks of many flat cars.  Soil material was shoveled (manually or by power equipment) onto the flat cars then the train of flat cars was moved to where the material was to be unloaded and the plow was pulled over the decks, forcing the material laterally off the flat cars where it fell to the embankment.

Notes and references

Construction and civil engineering companies of the United States
Companies based in New York (state)
History of forestry in the United States
Logging in the United States
FORTE. The Fast On-orbit Rapid Recording of Transient Events (FORTE, occasionally stylized as FORTÉ; COSPAR 1997-047A, SATCAT 24920) is a lightweight satellite which was launched at about 8:30 AM on August 29, 1997 into a circular  low Earth orbit which is inclined 70 degrees relative to the Earth's equator, using a Pegasus XL rocket. It was developed and launched by the Los Alamos National Laboratory in cooperation with Sandia National Laboratory, as a testbed for technologies applicable to U.S. nuclear detonation detection systems used to monitor compliance with arms control treaties, and later to study lightning from space. The project was sponsored by the United States Department of Energy, and cost about US$35 million. It utilizes optical sensors, RF sensors, and an "event classifier" in order to make observations, including  monitoring Very High Frequency (VHF) lightning emissions in the ionosphere occurring from between  above the surface of the Earth, and it will be a component of the VHF Global Lightning and Severe Storm Monitor (V-GLASS) system. Its primary mission is to record and analyze bursts of RF energy rising from the surface of the Earth. FORTE is  tall, weighs , and is the first all-composite spacecraft, its framework being made entirely of graphite-reinforced epoxy. It consists of three decks with aluminum honeycomb cores, and composite facing to support the onboard instruments.

References

External links 

 Los Alamos National Laboratory: FORTE (Fast On-orbit Recording of Transient Events)

Reconnaissance satellites of the United States
United States Department of Energy
Satellites of the United States Air Force
Spacecraft launched in 1997
Spacecraft launched by Pegasus rockets
Ittehad Chemicals. Ittehad Chemicals Limited () is a Pakistani chemical company headquartered in Lahore.

History
Ittehad Chemicals was commissioned in 1964 as United Chemicals by Saigol Group and started production with an initial installed capacity of 60 metric ton/day of caustic soda and 54 metric tons/day of chlorine. Rising demand facilitated the first expansion, carried out in 1969, which increased capacity to 90 metric tons/day of caustic soda and 81 metric tons/day of chlorine. 

In 1972, Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto began a Nationalisation in Pakistan plan to take over privately-run companies. United Chemicals was nationalized by the Pakistani Government, renamed Ittehad Chemicals, and put under the control of the Federal Chemical and Ceramics Corporation Limited (FPCCL).  Another company, Insecticide Pakistan Limited., was nationalized and renamed Ittehad Pesticides Limited in 1973. Later, the two companies were merged to form Ittehad Chemicals Limited. In 1983, the production capacity of Ittehad Chemicals was further increased to 150 metric tons/day of caustic soda and 135 metric tons/day of chlorine. Later, through another expansion, capacity was enhanced to 250 metric tons/day.  By the year 2006, overall capacity had reached 380 metric tons/day. 

After encountering financial difficulties and turbulence throughout the years of company nationalization, Ittehad Chemicals was ultimately privatized in 1991, and taken over by the Chemi Group of Companies which later on became Ittehad Group.

In 2003, Ittehad was listed on the Karachi Stock Exchange following an initial public offering.

The present product line includes industrial caustic soda sodium hydroxide (solid, liquid and flakes), liquid chlorine, hydrochloric acid, sodium hypochlorite (liquid bleach), zinc sulfate mono, bleaching earth (Shaffaf), sulfuric acid and LABSA.

In the last quarter of 2012, Ittehad Agri Division was launched and now the company is successfully marketing Crystal Zinc, Humic Acid, and Aqua Zinc. Ittehad Chemicals was formally incorporated as a company in 1991.

Factory
Ittehad Chemicals is based in Lahore, Pakistan with its manufacturing plant in nearby Sheikhupura.

References

External links
Ittehad Chemicals Limited

Saigol Group
2003 initial public offerings
Chemical companies of Pakistan
Manufacturing companies based in Lahore
Companies listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange