omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Bombing Hitler's Dams. "Bombing Hitler's Dams" is an episode on NOVA in which Hugh Hunt enlists the help of Buffalo Airways and others in an attempt to recreate the bouncing bomb used in World War II's Operation Chastise.

Design and testing
Hunt's goal was to create a small drum of steel, filled with concrete that could skip across water like the original bouncing bomb. The recreated "bouncing bomb" was not a live bomb (because it is illegal to drop live explosives from a civilian airplane) and weighed less than a tenth of the original. The real bouncing bomb's blueprints were lost in a 1960s flood, so Hunt's "bomb" was created from scratch.

In their tests Buffalo Airways pilot Arnie Schreder flew a  Douglas DC-4, with the bomb attached underneath, towards a recreation of the Möhne dam, which was specially constructed on Lake Williston, Canada for the test. The DC-4 was flown along the lake, and the bomb released when they reached a floating marker. If a bomb (5 were made, so multiple attempts could be made) was to successfully hit the fake Möhne dam, a real bomb buried in the fake dam would be detonated, blowing apart the dam.

Trouble 
There were many difficulties and problems in "bombing Hitler's dams". One fake bouncing bomb was unbalanced (due to uneven application of paint). The fake Möhne dam leaked at the junction of the dam and the walls of the canal (that the dam was located in). The bomb did not spin for long enough time and it was risky for a DC-4 to fly very low (60 feet) with an 800-pound object attached. The splash of the bomb hitting the water could damage the DC-4, and there was trouble telling how high the DC4 was flying because the altimeter was not accurate enough to determine the altitude below 60 feet.

Final test 
In the final experiment, everything went fairly well. However the bomb that was chosen was unbalanced. All bombs had to be balanced to ensure they rotated without vibration being introduced into the aircraft. Bombs were balanced within 20g, and it was observed that even the presence of more yellow paint on one side than black paint on the opposite side caused the bomb to be out of balance. The selection of the single unbalanced bomb delayed the experiment. Also, when the aircraft dropped the bomb, it was at 40 ft rather than the planned 60 ft. The splash of the bomb hitting the water struck the tail of the aircraft (a Douglas DC-4), although there was no major damage. The bomb struck the false dam successfully on the first try and the dam was blown up by the internal bomb.

References 

1. Nova: Bombing Hitlers Dams

External links

2012 American television episodes
Nova (American TV program) episodes
Stephen Roessner. Dr. Stephen Roessner is an American Grammy Award winning recording engineer, musician and producer from Binghamton, New York. He currently resides in Rochester, New York and is mostly known for his performance in the group Saxon Shore. He is currently active playing drums in Fuzzrod and as a solo artist known as Small Signals.

Stephen is currently an assistant professor in the Audio & Music Engineering Program at The University of Rochester.

He owns and operates Calibrated Sound in Rochester, NY. He formerly worked at The Juilliard School as a recording engineer and video editor.

Dr. Roessner holds both Doctorate and Masters degrees in Electrical Engineering from The University of Rochester. He is a graduate of The Rod Serling School of Fine Arts in Binghamton High School located in Binghamton, New York and studied under percussionist Joel Smales and still remains as close friends to this day.  Stephen was honored as a Distinguished Graduate by Binghamton High School in 2012. Stephen attended SUNY Fredonia where he earned a degree in Sound Recording Technology studying under producer Dave Fridmann. He also earned a degree in Music Performance in Percussion under percussionist Kay Stonefelt.

In 2014, Stephen gave a TEDxFlourCity talk on the importance of audio quality, imploring the audience to listen closer and give more thought to how they consume music.

Bands
 League (2002–2005)
 Saxon Shore (2005–present)
 Fuzzrod (2016–present)
 The Gritty Midi Gang (2006–2009)
 Revengineers (2011–2013)
 Williams Shift (2012–present)
 Pleistocene (2012-2016)
 Small Signals (2014–present)
 Talking Under Water (2014–2015)

References

External links
Official website of Saxon Shore
Official website of Small Signals
Official website of Fuzzrod
Official website of Calibrated Sound

Living people
American audio engineers
Musicians from New York (state)
Year of birth missing (living people)
Bethlehem Hydro. Bethlehem Hydro owns and operates two small hydro power plants situated in the Dihlabeng Local Municipality (Thabo Mofutsanyana District Municipality) in the Free State province of South Africa. The scheme utilizes the water supplied to South Africa by the Lesotho Highlands Water Project, which releases water into the As River via a tunnel outlet near the town of Clarens. South Africa has limited potential for hydro energy due to low average annual rainfall making projects like Bethlehem Hydro rare. The project was identified in 1999 and developed by NuPlanet Project Development. The two power stations in the scheme will cut back carbon dioxide emissions by 33,000 tons per year by reducing the demand for traditional fossil-fuel power stations.

Sol Plaatje Power Station 

The Sol Plaatje Power Station was the first commercial small hydro power station constructed in South Africa for 22 years. It was commissioned in November 2009 and is located close to Bethlehem, Free State. The power station was constructed next to the existing dam wall of the Sol Plaatje dam. The power station has an installed capacity of 3 MW and has a double regulated horizontal axis Kaplan turbine.

Merino Power Station 

The Merino Power is a run-of-river type hydro power station situated 10 km downstream from the tunnel outlet of the Lesotho Highlands Water Project. The power station consists of an intake weir, a 600 m canal and a power house with a double regulated horizontal Kaplan turbine. The power station has an installed capacity of 4 MW.

References

External links 

 Bethlehem Hydro Website
 NuPlanet Website

Hydroelectric power stations in South Africa
Economy of the Free State (province)
Thabo Mofutsanyana District Municipality
Renewable energy in the Czech Republic. Renewable energy  in the Czech Republic  describes the renewable energy related development in the Energy in the Czech Republic.

According to Eurostat, renewables share in the Czech Republic in 2009 was 5% of the energy mix in total (Mtoe) and 6% of gross electricity generation (TWh). The energy consumption by fuel included in 2009: 40% coal, petroleum 21%, gas 15%, nuclear 16% and renewables 5%. Most electricity was produced with coal (55%) and nuclear (33%).

Solar power 

Solar power capacity per capita was the second highest in the EU in 2010.

Solar thermal 
“Green savings” programme has supported the solar thermal.

Wind power

See also

Energy in the Czech Republic
Solar power in the Czech Republic
Renewable energy in the European Union
Renewable energy by country

References

External links
Road Development Authority. The Road Development Authority (commonly abbreviated as RDA); (; ) is the premier highway authority in Sri Lanka and is responsible for the maintenance and development of the National Highway Network, comprising the trunk (A class) and main roads and the planning, design and construction of new highways, bridges and expressways to augment the existing network in the country.

The RDA plans the future road network while conducting feasibility studies before major projects and post-evaluations after completion to ensure adequate economic returns.

See also 
 Highway museum complex, Kiribathkumbura

External links
Road Development Authority
Expressway Operation Maintenance and Management Division

1971 establishments in Ceylon
Government agencies established in 1971
Road authorities
Transport organisations based in Sri Lanka
E.G.F.. E.G.F. (Entreprise Générale de Franceville) is a Gabonese company specialized in Civil Engineering, construction and special works in hard places.

History of E.G.F. 
EGF was founded in Franceville by Benoist SENET in 2000. The company started in a bad economical period due to the area seeing a decline in investments and big projects. Businesses refocused on Gabon's coast, especially in Port Gentil and Libreville, and EGF naturally moved to Libreville.

From then, the company developed quickly because it worked with two dynamic branches of industry: telecom and energy.

The growth of oil's cost in the second part of the 2000s triggered oil companies to reinvest in old oil fields. Maurel et Prom, a French junior oil company, which developed in Gabon began to work with E.G.F.

E.G.F.'s Services and Activities 

E.G.F.'s areas of focus are civil engineering, construction and special works. E.G.F. designs and builds structures like helipads, camps, warehouses, landing stages, schools, gas pipe gutters, wellhead's cellars, etc.

Notes and references

Civil engineering organizations
Indian locomotive class WG. The Indian Railways WG class was a type of broad gauge 2-8-2 goods locomotive introduced in the 1950s. 2,450 of the class were built between 1950 and 1970.

History and design
The WG design was introduced in 1950; it utilised identical equipment (boiler, motion, springs, tender bogies, and rear truck) as used in the 4-6-2 WP class passenger locomotives. The first hundred units (No. 8301 to 8400) were built by North British and subcontractor Vulcan Foundry (ten units). Number 8350 was exhibited at the Festival of Britain in 1951.

Locomotives were also sourced from the Société Franco-Belge in Raismes, France, Lokomotivfabrik Floridsdorf in Austria, and from elsewhere in Europe and from Japan. The rolling stock works of Chittaranjan Locomotive Works in West Bengal initially manufactured locomotives from imported parts; by 1953, 70% of the locomotives were domestically produced, and by 1956 the works was able to entirely satisfy the domestic production need for WG locomotives. Production ceased in 1970; the final unit being named Antim Sitara (Last Star).

Class table

Preservation

Nine WG's are preserved in India: WG 9673 is preserved on a pedestal (without its tender) outside Rajendra Nagar Station New Delhi, WG 10253, was plinthed at the Zonal Training School Bhusaval, but 2018 removed from the pedestal and sent to Rewari to be restored in working condition. WG 9428 is used at the UP Cement Corporation, WG 9391 is preserved and stored in Burdwan, WG 8258 is preserved on a static pedestal on public display in Sahibganj Junction railway station, WG 10527 is stored in a shed in Burdwan, WG 9286 is preserved by Sri Durga Trading Company,  WG 8407 "Deshbandhu" became the first WG to be preserved into Indian Railway Heritage, it is stored Pedestal along with WG 10560 "Antim Sitara" at Chittaranjan Locomotive Works.

See also

 Indian Railways
 
 Locomotives of India
 Rail transport in India

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links

 
 

Gio. Ansaldo & C. locomotives
Chittaranjan Locomotive Works locomotives
Baldwin locomotives
Floridsdorf locomotives
Franco-Belge locomotives
Henschel locomotives
Hitachi locomotives
Krupp locomotives
NBL locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1950
WG
Vulcan Foundry locomotives
2-8-2 locomotives
5 ft 6 in gauge locomotives
Freight locomotives
Turner T-40. The Turner T-40 also marketed as the TEDDE Turner T-40 is a wooden, single-seat, homebuilt aircraft that was designed by Eugene L. "Gene" Turner, first flying on 3 April 1961 (his birthday).

Design and development
The T-40 was designed to be a simple to build, all wood aircraft with folding wings. The prototype was modified several times from a single-seat aircraft to a two-place. It also was modified with a bubble canopy and for one flight only, canard control surfaces.

The T-40 has conventional landing gear. The canopy on the original T-40 single seat version was modeled using the NACA X-2 canopy as a guide. The majority of the wood used for structural components is Douglas fir. The wing and fuselage skins are plywood. The fuel tank is made of fiberglass. For control an all flying tail is used with anti-servo tabs. The dual spar, laminar flow wings can be folded for storage.

Operational history
The prototype T-40, named "Ophelia Bumps", won the 1961 EAA Outstanding Design Award, second place in the 1962 EAA Design Competition, the Lockheed-Marietta Georgia Award for Outstanding Workmanship, the EAA Outstanding Canopy Design Trophy The prototype is now on display at the Saxon Aerospace Museum in Boron, California.

Variants
Turner T-40
Original version
Turner T-40A
A two seat variant with conventional landing gear.
Turner T-40B
A two seat variant with tricycle landing gear.
Super" Turner T-40AS
Bubble canopy 125hp 
Turner T-77
T-40 with bubble canopy and swept tail.

Specifications (T-40)

References

Homebuilt aircraft
Matthew L. Scullin. Matthew L. Scullin is an American materials scientist and businessman, best known for his work in sustainability related to methane emissions reduction from the oil & gas and agriculture industries. He was named Forbes 30 Under 30 in 2012 and has published over 50 papers and patents, garnering over 1700 citations and an h-index of 17.

He is currently the CEO Emeryville, California-based MycoWorks, a biomaterials company making leathers from fungal mycelium. Previously, he was CEO of Alphabet Energy, which he co-founded in 2008 with Peidong Yang. Alphabet Energy was the leader in commercial thermoelectric waste heat recovery systems, having been named a Technology Pioneer by the World Economic Forum in 2013 when Scullin was recognized in Davos.

Scullin was born and raised in the Alphabet City neighborhood of Manhattan, where he attended the United Nations International School. He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania magna cum laude, where he won the R.M. Brick Award in Materials Science, and then went on to complete his Ph.D. in Materials Science at the University of California, Berkeley with advisers Ramamoorthy Ramesh and Arun Majumdar. He has lectured about cleantech and entrepreneurship at the Kellogg School of Management, Haas School of Business, HEC Paris, University of Pennsylvania, Stanford, and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.

Most of Scullin's work relates to ideas in microstructures of materials, crystallography, and symmetry, and how engineering these allows for novel properties in materials. In 2007 Scullin collaborated with architects Aranda\Lasch on a commissioned piece entitled "Rules of Six" for the exhibit Design and the Elastic Mind at the MoMA in New York.

He is also a DJ and musician, and has performed with and DJed for M.I.A. and BC Kingdom.

References 

1983 births
Living people
American DJs
American energy industry executives
American materials scientists
American technology chief executives
Businesspeople from New York City
Businesspeople from the San Francisco Bay Area
Musicians from New York City
Musicians from the San Francisco Bay Area
People from the East Village, Manhattan
Scientists from New York (state)
Scientists from the San Francisco Bay Area
Thermoelectricity
UC Berkeley College of Engineering alumni
Aéro Services Guépard Guépard 912. 

The Aéro Services Guépard Guépard 912 () is a French two-seat microlight cabin monoplane designed and built by Aéro Services Guépard to meet the FAI Microlight standard, it is also sold as a kit of parts for amateur construction.

The Guépard 912 is a cabin monoplane with a braced high-mounted wing, it has a fixed tricycle landing gear and an enclosed cabin for two sitting in side-by-side configuration. The Guépard is built from welded steel tube with aircraft fabric covering but is also available with a riveted steel covering. Although capable of using a range of engines with power outputs from  the  Rotax 912 or the  Rotax 912S are normally used.

Specifications

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links
 

2000s French civil utility aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Guépard
Dirk-Willem van Gulik. Dirk-Willem van Gulik (born February 1968) is a founder of the Apache Software Foundation and contributor to the Apache Webserver project. Van Gulik is the former CTO of Joost, where he was terminated, and current Chief Technical Architect of British Broadcasting Corporation's Future Media and Technology. He has also worked for the United Nations and European Commission. Van Gulik is based in the Netherlands.

References

External links

1968 births
Living people
Dutch computer programmers
Businesspeople in information technology
University of Twente alumni

Open source advocates
Open source people
Web developers
Chief technology officers
F-type. F-type may refer to:

F-type asteroid, a type of carbonaceous asteroid
F-ATPase, a membrane protein
F-type main-sequence star, a hydrogen-fusing star 
F-type Prisons, high-security prisons in Turkey
MG F-type Magna, six-cylinder-engined car produced by the MG Car company from October 1931 to 1932
Jaguar F-Type, a two-seat sports car manufactured by Jaguar Cars
Renault F-Type engine, straight-4 automobile engine from Renault
Empire F type coaster, a type of prefabricated coastal tanker built in the UK during the Second World War
F connector, a commonly used connector for coaxial cable
F type Adelaide tram

Type F may refer to:
Type F AC power plugs and sockets
the Avro Type F, an aircraft
Type-F couplers in rail transport
a Type F submarine
the Handley Page Type F, an aircraft
the Caudron Type F, a biplane
the Deronda Type F, a performance car

See also
F class (disambiguation)
B type (disambiguation)
P-type (disambiguation)
Randy Terbush. Randy Terbush is the CTO of Lifeguard Health Networks, a next generation mobile health management network. Randy founded Covalent Technologies one of the early companies involved in Web Server software.  Randy was later the CTO of Enterprise Technology Architecture and Strategy at Automatic Data Processing, the largest payroll processing company in the world.

A long time participant in Open-source software development, Randy is recognized as one of the eight co-founders of the Apache Software Foundation. In 1999, this group was awarded the ACM Software System Award. In 2001–2002, Randy also participated as a Director of the Open Source Development Labs, which was dissolved and succeeded by the Linux Foundation.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Businesspeople in information technology
Dent Hardware Company Factory Complex. Dent Hardware Company Factory Complex, also known as the D.W. Coombs Textile Machinery Company, is a historic factory complex located in Whitehall Township in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, built between 1894 and 1913 and consisting of eleven reinforced concrete buildings.

The company was the nation's leading producer of brass refrigerator hardware and one of the two largest producers of cast iron toys in Pennsylvania.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

References

External links
 History of Dent Design & Hardware

Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania
Buildings and structures in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania
National Register of Historic Places in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania
Degradation of Mayan archeological sites. Sites of the ancient Maya civilization deteriorate as a result of both environmental and human factors.  Archaeologists consider a number of different factors in evaluation site formation processes, site preservation, and site destruction. Deterioration from looting and defacement can destroy vital information. The natural forces of reforestation and erosion can also degrade archeological sites.

Causes

Biodegradation
Limestone is the dominant material used in Maya architecture, in large part due to its abundance in the region. However, it is a relatively soft stone that can deteriorate easily.  Microorganisms on the surface of the limestone create acids that slowly eat away at the stone, creating cracks, fissures and weak points.  Over time, biofilms can completely erode the stone.

Many sites are especially prone to the effects of Yucatan’s climate, lending to biodegradation due to a warm, humid and generally equatorial climate.  Sites in the Guatemalan highlands and in Chiapas enjoy more alpine and subalpine habitats, with elevations 2600–2800 meters above sea levels. As a result, these sites are less likely to experience biodegradation to the degree that hotter, wetter subtropical climates of the lowland sites do.

Rising sea levels 
Rising sea levels have submerged a number of different sites, such as Stingray Lagoon and Wild Cane Cay, in Belize. At Stingray Lagoon, artifacts related to the production of salt, including pottery used to boil down brine, a process known as sal cocida, were found underwater .   Evidence suggests Wild Cane Cay,  was used as a trading post with deposits submerged about a meter underwater dating from both the Classic and Post Classic periods. Similarly submerged remains extend about a meter to a meter and a half in depth at other sites in the Port Honduras, suggesting a dramatically different environment at the time of occupation.  The speed at which a site becomes inundated can have major effects on the condition of the remains.  A gradual rise in water levels partially exposes the remains to erosion through the wave force, and a fast rise in water levels could leave a completely submerged site relatively undamaged.  As a result the condition of underwater remains and the amount of decay can infer insights into the location and the cause of its abandonment, however every site is different what can be true of one archeological site may not be true for another.

Human Destruction 
There has been significant intentional destruction of sites through looting. Building materials used for the construction of Colonial-era churches and other buildings were taken from Maya sites.  Degradation of Maya sites due to human effects has increased due to tourism.  In some cases, outright vandalism, including graffiti, has permanently altered remains.  In other cases, erosion due to overuse as thousands of tourists damages sites.

Notes

References

Maya sites
Tsuyama National College of Technology. is a college of technology (kosen)in Tsuyama, Okayama, Japan. The college was founded in 1963.

Institution
Tsuyama National Institute of Technology (Tsuyama Technical College), was founded in 1963. The school has sent about 6,300 graduates into the world, who fulfill important positions in industry and society.  The five-year system at the college consists of four departments: Mechanical Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Electronics and Control Engineering, and Computer and Information Engineering. Each department accepts 40 students per year, and provides technical training at an early age, emphasizing quality and professionalism.
The engineering program at this college has been evaluated and accredited by the Japan Accreditation Board for Engineering Education (JABEE). The college’s engineering program thus meets global standards for engineering education. Furthermore, in 2007, this college was accredited by the National Institution for Academic Degrees and University Evaluation.

Organization

Main Course 
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
 Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
 Department of Electronics and Control Engineering
 Department of Computer and Information Engineering

Advanced Course ( Bachelor Program)
 Advanced Mechanical and Control System Engineering
 Advanced Electronics and Information System Engineering

External links
 Official website 

Educational institutions established in 1963
Universities and colleges in Okayama Prefecture
1963 establishments in Japan
Tsuyama