omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Smile (software). Smile is a free Macintosh computer programming and working environment based on AppleScript. It is primarily designed for scientists, engineers, desktop publishers, and web applications developers to help them automate frequent tasks and control complex operations.

History 
Smile was first released in 1995 as SMILE (in upper case). The acronym stood for SMI, Limited Edition, with SMI standing for Scriptable Measurements on Images. SMI is a software developed by Satimage Software, a French company engaged in machine vision technology, to automate real-time measurement and inspection systems for industrial plants.

SMI is the core engine, which is written in C/C++ that alone does nothing: it requires an interface, and that interface's behavior is programmed in AppleScript. SMI's core implements the key features of the software and publishes them to AppleScript. Basically, Smile is just SMI, without real-time video processing features.

The need for 2D and 3D real-time visualization (of the measurements) gave rise to SmileLab. More recently, web-based control of facilities has become a standard, and Smile is now also a web applications server and a web browser.

Smile 

The technologies included in Smile:
 AppleScript Terminal windows,
 an AppleScript editor with many helpers,
 an editor of scripted interfaces,
 a web browser,
 a proprietary URL protocol to make HTML interfaces and have them send events to scripts,
 a text editor for ASCII and Unicode, with a search-and-replace tool supporting Regular Expressions,
 a XML editor,
 a Regular Expression engine,
 an XML and p-list engine,
 a 2D graphic engine, to program vector PDF graphics by script,
 fast mathematical commands on numbers, arrays and matrices,
 commands for driving industrial interfaces: RS-232 serial communication, digital I/O, LED display,
 a smile software for editing,
 TextExpander (5.1.2).

SmileLab 

Smile provides an Aqua interface to make any data graph "manually" and libraries of commands to make graphs and process data via scripts (SmileLab can display at any moment the script corresponding to the user's action.)

Performance 
Computational extensions can be written in C or C++. Smile handles common file formats, but extensions for unsupported file formats can be added.

Smile Server 

Smile Server is a bridge between a CGI program and AppleScript. This works by Smile opening a server port. A specific CGI, included, makes an HTTP request into a p-list (Apple's associative array XML format) and sends it to Smile Server on that port (specified in a configuration file). Asynchronous as well as synchronous behaviours are implemented, allowing Smile Server to be used as an alternate solution to .asp or .php to build dynamic sites, including AJAX-based websites.

Smile also handles XML-RPC requests.

External links
Satimage Software

Macintosh operating systems development
William Gordon Bagnall. William Gordon Bagnall (18 January 1852 – 19 July 1907) was a British mechanical engineer.

Early life 
Bagnall was born at Cliff House in Tamworth, Staffordshire. After school he worked for two years in a bank, then joined his father's company of John Bagnall & Sons of West Bromwich.

Career 
In 1875, Bagnall left his father's firm and set up his own engineering company, W.G. Bagnall. Although initially a general Millwrights, the company soon specialised in locomotive manufacturing and the supply of light railway equipment, especially for narrow-gauge railways.

In 1882, he was appointed as one of two liquidators for John Bagnall & Sons.

Personal life 
Bagnall was a member of the Staffordshire County Council and Stafford Town Council. In 1903, he fell ill and had to give up his public roles. He died in 1907 at the age of 55.

References 

 

1852 births
1907 deaths
People from Tamworth, Staffordshire
English engineers
19th-century English businesspeople
Digital Emergency Alert System. The Digital Emergency Alert System (DEAS) was a system managed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and designed to alert first-responders and civilians in the event of a national emergency.  It was based upon and supplemented the Emergency Alert System (EAS) by sending out text, voice, video, and other digital messages to mobile phones, pagers, radios, and televisions.

Although the Emergency Alert System and its predecessor, the Emergency Broadcast System and an even earlier predecessor CONELRAD, have always allowed the transmission of both video and audio, there have been limitations that would be eliminated by the DEAS.  For example, the DEAS allowed the ability to broadcast "bottomless" audio messages (i.e. a message with no definite ending) and streaming video.  It also allowed near-instantaneous transmission without the delays that occur as EAS alerts trickle through the system.

History 
In 2004, Las Vegas' PBS member station, KLVX, was the first station in the United States to demonstrate what digital television has to offer in times of emergency.

In 2010, the DEAS project was terminated in favor of FEMA's IPAWS Open Platform for Emergency Networks (OPEN). IPAWS OPEN is a set of securely hosted Web services that enable the routing of standards-compliant emergency messages between disparate third-party applications, systems, networks and devices.  As stated by FEMA, reasons for terminating DEAS included concerns over the stability and reliability of some of the underlying products, and the proprietary nature of many of the systems used within DEAS.

However, responding to a mandate included in the WARN act, FEMA continues to utilize a variant of the DEAS architecture for Wireless Emergency Alerts, also known as the Personal Localized Alerting Network (PLAN). In 2007 and 2008, the Federal Communications Commission proposed and adopted the network structure, operational procedures and technical requirements for the Personal Localized Alerting Network (PLAN) system.

See also
 Personal Localized Alerting Network
 Common Alerting Protocol
 Commercial Mobile Alert System

References

External links
 Government Video article on DEAS

Emergency Alert System
Disaster preparedness
John C. Allen. John C. Allen (May 21, 1907 – August 17, 1979) was a roller coaster designer who was responsible for the revival of wooden roller coasters which began in the 1960s. He attended Drexel University. He started working for the Philadelphia Toboggan Company in 1934 as a coaster operator and rose to become president of the company by 1954. He designed more than 25 coasters and made significant contributions to roller coaster technology. He once said, "You don't need a degree in engineering to design roller coasters, you need a degree in psychology."

List of roller coasters
The following is a list of roller coasters were credited as designed by John C. Allen:

References

Further reading
John C. Allen at Encyclopædia Britannica

1907 births
1979 deaths
Roller coaster designers
Amusement ride manufacturers
Modiran Vehicle Manufacturing Company. Modiran Vehicle Manufacturing Company (MVM) is an Iranian automobile firm.

History
MVM is a subsidiary of Kerman Motor, an Iranian assembler of Volkswagens, that also used to assemble a version of the Daewoo Matiz for the local market. The Matiz had been assembled by Kerman Khodro since the year 2000 in a joint venture with the South Korean Daewoo Company. 

However the crisis at Daewoo Motor in South Korea resulted in a take-over by the American General Motors corporation which then stopped supplying CKD kits to the Iranian company due to U.S. sanctions against the government of Iran for claims about the Iranian state sponsoring terrorism and Iranian violations of United Nations protocols for nuclear inspections. It is offered with two engine options, a 3-cylinder 0.8 liter and a 4-cylinder 1.1 liter. Due to this, Kerman Khodro licensed the Chery QQ3 as the car was of a similar style to the GM car. However, as Kerman Khodro had replaced the GM Daewoo lines with that of Volkswagen, they put it into production at their subsidiary MVM as the 110. It is offered with two engine options, a 3-cylinder 0.8 liter and a 4-cylinder 1.1 liter.

Current models

MVM 

MVM 110 - hatchback (Stop Production)
MVM 110S - hatchback (Stop Production)
MVM 315 - sedan & hatchback (Stop Production)
MVM 530 - sedan (Stop Production)
MVM 550 - sedan (Stop Production)
MVM X22 - crossover SUV (Stop Production)
MVM X22 Pro - crossover SUV
MVM X33 - crossover SUV (Stop Production)
MVM X33S - crossover SUV (Stop Production)
MVM X33 Cross - crossover SUV
MVM X55 - crossover SUV (Stop Production)
MVM X55 Pro - crossover SUV
Chery Arrizo 5 - sedan (Stop Production)
Chery Arrizo 5S - sedan
Chery Arrizo 6 - sedan (Stop Production)
Chery Tiggo 5 - crossover SUV (Stop Production)
Chery Tiggo 7 - crossover SUV (Stop Production)

Fownix 

Fownix Arrizo 6 Pro - sedan
Fownix Arrizo 6 GT - sedan
Fownix Arrizo 8 - sedan
Fownix Tiggo 7 Pro - crossover SUV
Fownix Tiggo 7 Pro Max - crossover SUV
Fownix Tiggo 7 Pro Hybrid e+ - crossover SUV
Fownix Tiggo 8 Pro - crossover SUV (Stop Production)
Fownix Tiggo 8 Pro Max - crossover SUV
Fownix Tiggo 8 Pro Hybrid e+ - crossover SUV
Fownix FX - crossover SUV

Xtrim 
 Xtrim LX - crossover SUV
 Xtrim TXL - crossover SUV
 Xtrim VX - crossover SUV

References

External links 
Official Website (MVM)
Official Website (Fownix)
Chery Website in Iran
نمایندگی مدیران خودرو 777 برترین نمایندگی فروش

MVM
Manufacturing companies based in Tehran
Target drone. A target drone is an unmanned aerial vehicle, generally remote controlled, usually used in the training of anti-aircraft crews.

One of the earliest drones was the British DH.82 Queen Bee, a variant of the Tiger Moth trainer aircraft operational from 1935. Its name led to the present term "drone".

In their simplest form, target drones often resemble radio-controlled model aircraft. More modern drones may use countermeasures, radar, and similar systems to mimic manned aircraft.

More advanced drones are made from large, older missiles which have had their warheads removed.

In the United Kingdom, obsolete Royal Air Force and Royal Navy jet and propeller-powered aircraft (such as the Fairey Firefly, Gloster Meteor and de Havilland Sea Vixen used at RAE Llanbedr between the 1950s and 1990s) have also been modified into remote-controlled drones, but such modifications are costly.  With a much larger budget, the U.S. military has been more likely to convert retired aircraft or older versions of still serving aircraft (e.g., QF-4 Phantom II and QF-16 Fighting Falcon) into remotely piloted targets for US Air Force, US Navy and US Marine Corps use as Full-Scale Aerial Targets.

List of target drones

Purpose built

 Aerial Target
 Airspeed Queen Wasp
 de Havilland Queen Bee
 DRDO Abhyas
 DRDO Fluffy
 DRDO Lakshya
 DRDO Ulka
 Denel Dynamics Skua
 Meggitt Banshee
 Aisheng Drone-2
 GAF Jindivik
 GAF Turana
 Mirach 100/5
 MQM-170
 TAI Şimşek
 Lockheed AQM-60 Kingfisher
 BQM-34 Firebee
 BQM-74 Chukar
 BQM-167 Skeeter
 Kratos BQM-177
 Nord CT41
 Karrar (UCAV)
 NCSIST Spark

Conversions

 Curtiss Queen Seamew
 Douglas BT-2BR and BT-2BG
 de Havilland Vampire
 Fairey Queen
 Firefly U.Mk 8 and U.Mk 9
 Meteor U.15, 16, and 21
 MiG-15V
 Mil Mi-4UM
 Miles Queen Martinet
 F4U-4K Corsair
 F6F-5K Hellcat
 Ilyushin Il-28M
 PQ-8 Cadet
 PQ-13 Ercoupe
 PQ-14 Cadet
 QAH-1S Cobra
 QP-4B Privateer
 QB-17 Flying Fortress
 QT-33 Shooting Star
 QB-47 Stratojet
 QF-80 Shooting Star
 QF-86 Sabre
 QF-100 Super Sabre
 QF-102 and PQM-102 Delta Dagger
 QF-104 and UF-104J Starfighter
 QF-106 Delta Dart
 QF-4 Phantom II
 QF-16 Fighting Falcon
 QF-9 Cougar

References

External links
 RIM-2 Terrier SAM intercepts a F6F target drone

 
Targeting (warfare)
GWR 3000 Class. The Great Western Railway (GWR) 3000 Class was a class of 2-8-0 steam locomotive consisting of the ex-Railway Operating Division ROD 2-8-0. These were built by North British Locomotive Co. between 1917 and 1918. No examples have been preserved.

Initial loans and purchase
The GWR borrowed several ROD 2-8-0s during the First World War but these were returned to the government after the end of the war.  In 1919, GWR bought 20 virtually new RODs, and numbered them 3000–19.  A further 84 were hired in July 1919, and were numbered 3020-99 and 6000–3, but these were returned in October 1922.  In 1925, the GWR bought 80 engines (including some previously hired) and numbered them 3020–99.

Overhaul and sorting
In 1926/7 the GWR sorted the eighty RODs bought in 1925 which had been given nos. 3020–99 into two batches, which involved considerable renumbering. The worst fifty were touched up and returned to traffic with steel fireboxes and painted the original R.O.D. black and renumbered 3050–99; they were run until they failed, when they were withdrawn – after July 1930, only one remained, being withdrawn the following year. The best thirty were thoroughly overhauled, fitted with copper fireboxes and painted G.W. standard green, they also acquired Swindon fittings, including top feed and brass safety valve casing, and were renumbered 3020–49. Nos. 3000–19 (bought 1919) were also overhauled similarly to the new nos. 3020–49 between 1927 and 1929, but were not further renumbered. The leading dimensions of the GWR 3000 Class were the same as the GCR Class 8K except that the GWR increased the boiler pressure to  which increased the tractive effort from  to .

World War II
The GWR borrowed 30 Class O4 from the LNER in November 1940, of which two were returned the following April; ten were returned in July–August 1942 and the rest in January–February 1943. On the GWR, they retained their LNER numbers, which were scattered between 5391 and 6639. Three of these had been hired by the GWR between 1919 and 1922:

British Railways

Forty-six of the RODs entered British Railways service in 1948. Five locomotives (numbers 3011, 3015, 3024, 3036 and 3041) were still in service in 1957 and of these, nos. 3036/41 were withdrawn in March 1958, the others in October the same year. None of the GWR RODs has survived to preservation.

Modelling
In November 2011, Bachmann released a OO gauge ready to run model of the 3000 class. This complements kits in various gauges.

References

External links 

Class ROD Details at Rail UK

2-8-0 locomotives
3000
Scrapped locomotives
Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain
Railway locomotives introduced in 1919
Freight locomotives
NBL locomotives
Renault Cléon-Alu engine. The Cléon-Alu engine, also known under the code "A engine" or "A-Type" (A for aluminium) is an automotive gasoline internal combustion engine, developed and produced by Renault in 1960. A four-stroke inline four-cylinder design with aluminium-alloy block and cylinder head, it was water cooled, with a five main bearing crankshaft and a side-mounted chain-driven camshaft operating eight overhead valves via pushrods and rockers. It made its debut appearance on the Renault 16.

AxK

The AxK displaces  from a bore and stroke of .
Applications:
 A1K 
 Renault 16
 1967–1970 Lotus Europa S1 and S2 (types 46 and 54)

AxL
The AxL displaces 1.6 L, from either , , or . All of these variants share an  stroke, with bores of .

Applications:
 A2L 
 1968–1980 Renault 16
 1971–1976 Renault 15 TS
 1972–1976 Renault 17 TL
 1970–1973 Renault 12 Gordini
 1972–1974 Renault 12 Gordini 
 1973–1975 Alpine A110 1600 S 
 1971–1974 Alpine A310 1600 VE 
 1969–1970 Lotus Europa S2 Federal (type 65)
 A5L  Turbo
 –1984 Renault 18 Turbo
 1983–1985 Renault Fuego Turbo
 A7L 
 1985– Renault R18
 A7L 
 –1984 Renault 18 Turbo

AxM
The AxM displaces  from a bore and stroke of . It was originally known as the type 841 or 843, depending on output.  Often used as a designator for the Renault R17 Gordini sub-model in the USA market 843/13. , Compression Ratio 9.25:1 with Bosch L-Jetronic Fuel Injection and standard distributor with points/condenser for timing.

 A1M
 1981–1986 Renault Trafic
 A2M / 841
 –1984 Renault 18
 1985–1986 Renault 18
 1982–1985 Renault Fuego GTL
 A6M / 843
 1975–1976 Alpine A310
 –1984 Renault 18
 1975–1980 Renault 16 TL
 1975–1981 Renault 20 L/TL/GTL
 1985–1986 Renault 18
 1980–1985 Renault Fuego TS/GTS

References

Cléon-Alu
Gasoline engines by model
Straight-four engines
Sofim 8140 engine. The 8140 was a diesel engine made by Sofim for cars. Originally introduced as a swirl chamber, naturally aspirated diesel it was mostly used in commercial vehicles worldwide.

At the time of introduction, the 8140's overhead camshaft layout (driven by a toothed timingbelt) was unexpected in a diesel engine, which were typically overhead valve designs. Turbocharging the original engine, the design of which was finished in 1974, was impeded until 1985 due to restrictions of the original design. Heat flux issues with the aluminium head and swirl chambers were eventually overcome, but did slow down development.

First direct injection models also appeared in the mid-1980s.

Additionally to the Fiat designation 8140 some engines got a Renault tag (S8 for indirect injection, S9 for direct injection).

2.0 L version 
In the early beginning there was a  four-cylinder , called the Sofim 8144.65. Alongside the 2.4-litre version it was used in light commercial vehicles like the Saviem SG2, OM Grinta, and the Fiat/Iveco Daily, as well as passenger cars like the Fiat 131 and 132 models. It also saw use in the Fiat Campagnola.

2.4 L version
The original 2.4 L big block displaces , with a bore and stroke of .

2.5 L version
In 1990 the 2.5 L was introduced with a longer stroke, increased by 2 mm to 92 mm. The bore remained unchanged at 93 mm, this version displaces .

2.8 L version
The 2.8 L displaces 2800 cc having a larger bore and stroke of .

F1A/F1C 
After continuous development these engines are nowadays known as F1A (2.3 L) and F1C (3.0 L), available for marine and industrial use from Fiat Powertrain Technologies (FPT) and CNH Industrial (since 2012) respectively. The 3-liter version is also built by Mitsubishi Fuso for use in their medium-duty commercials, under the name 4P10.

References

Diesel engines by model
Fiat engines
PSA engines
Renault engines
Mewbourne College of Earth and Energy. The Mewbourne College of Earth and Energy is the earth science unit at the University of Oklahoma in Norman. Currently, the school has an enrollment of 931 students, of which 728 are undergraduates and 203 are graduates.

The college was chartered on January 1, 2006, under a reorganization.  The college includes two schools: the Mewbourne School of Petroleum and Geological Engineering and the ConocoPhillips School of Geology and Geophysics, and the Oklahoma Geological Survey (a state agency mandated by the Oklahoma Constitution).

The main offices for the college are located in Sarkeys Energy Center on the northeast corner of campus.

On November 2, 2007, it was announced that the college would be renamed the Mewbourne College of Earth and Energy in order to honor Curtis Mewbourne, a resident of Tyler, Texas, a 1958 OU graduate in petroleum engineering and one of the college's most prolific donors (he is the namesake for the School of Petroleum and Geological Engineering). In 1982, he had endowed the Curtis Mewbourne Professorship in Petroleum Engineering. Then he made a $6 million gift in 2000 to the School of Petroleum and Geological Engineering. OU renamed the college in recognition of Mewbourne's support. In November 2000, he challenged other alumni and supporters of the college to endow undergraduate scholarships and graduate fellowships for students in petroleum engineering, geological engineering, geology and geophysics. He said he would match the gifts made between then and March 2008.

Academic programs

Geology
General
Petroleum Geology
Paleontology
Geophysics
General
Exploration
Petroleum Engineering

Notable faculty
David Deming, professor at the University of Oklahoma, and global warming critic, later was transferred to the College of Arts and Sciences.

Notes

External links
University of Oklahoma College of Earth and Energy

Earth and Energy, College of
Educational institutions established in 2006
Petroleum engineering schools
Geology of Oklahoma
2006 establishments in Oklahoma
Water eductor. A water eductor or water dredge is an eductor-jet pump-based tool used by underwater archaeologists to remove sediments from an underwater archaeological site.  Airlifts may be used for the same purpose.

It consists of a large bore straight tube to which is attached a hose pipe through which clean water is pumped.  The Bernoulli effect from the flow of pumped water causes suction at the mouth of the dredge.  Water and sediment are sucked from the excavation site and released from the far end of the tube.  The tube can be made of any rigid material such as steel or plastic.  The diameter of the tube depends on the power available from the pump and whether delicate work is required.

In the hands of a trained archaeologist, the water dredge performs the same function as a wheelbarrow on land.  It is used to carry away sediments, not to dig holes.  The archaeologist dislodges the material using a trowel, brush or by making a fanning motion with the hand to cause a current to dislodge sediment.  The archaeologist can also place overburden material directly into the mouth of the dredge.  As the water dredge will remove particles held in suspension in the water, provided it is used correctly it will improve visibility in the immediate area of the excavation.  Careful use of the water dredge ensures that artifacts can be recorded in context and features and stratigraphy can be studied.

Using a water dredge or airlift, the underwater archaeologist has an advantage over terrestrial counterparts, as the spoil is removed without effort and without needing to be transported across other parts of the archaeological site.

Where there is a possibility of small artifacts being missed because of poor visibility, a trap may be used at the outlet so that the lifted sediment can be filtered.

Water eductors are also used by marine treasure hunters to suck sediments for filtering for buried artifacts.  Using the water dredge to directly suck sediments means that archaeological information on context and stratigraphy is not recorded.

An eductor can also form part of a wet scrubber system which are designed to remove soluble gases and particulate by inducing a gas flow using high pressure liquid focused into a venturi throat. Additionally, eductor scrubbers can be used for direct-contact condensation.

See also
 Airlift pump
 Aspirator (pump)
 Gas lift

References

 Nuestra Señora de la Concepción by William M. Mathers.  National Geographic Magazine, Vol. 178, No. 3, page 47.
 Maritime Archaeology by Keith Muckelroy.  Cambridge University Press, 1978 pp 28–31 and pp49–50.

External links
 Jet Pump
 Tank Eductors
Maritime archaeology
Methods in archaeology
Dredging