omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Climbing formwork. Climbing formwork, also known as jumpform, is a special type formwork for vertical concrete structures that rises with the building process. While relatively complicated and costly, it can be an effective solution for buildings that are either very repetitive in form (such as towers or skyscrapers) or that require a seamless wall structure (using gliding formwork, a special type of climbing formwork).

Various types of climbing formwork exist, which are either relocated from time to time, or can even move on their own (usually on hydraulic jacks, required for self-climbing and gliding formworks).

Process 

Best known in the construction of towers, skyscrapers and other tall vertical structures, it allows the reuse of the same formwork over and over and over for identical (or very similar) sections / storeys further up the structure. It can also enable very large concrete structures to be constructed in one single pour (which may take days or weeks as the formwork rises with the process), thus creating seamless structures with enhanced strength and visual appearance, as well as reducing construction times and material costs (at the joints which would otherwise require extra reinforcement / connectors). An advantage of guided climbing systems is that they remain connected to the building during the lifting process.

The climbing formwork structure normally does not only contain the formwork itself, but also usually provides working space / scaffolds for construction crews. It may also provide areas for machinery and screens for weather protection, up to being fully enclosed while yet staying modular around a changing building structure.

Types
 
 Climbing formwork (crane-climbing): in this type of climbing formwork, the formwork around the structure is displaced upwards with the help of one or more cranes once the hardening of the concrete has proceeded far enough. This may entail lifting the whole section, or be achieved segmentally.
Climbing formwork (self-climbing): In this type of formwork, the structure elevates itself with the help of mechanic leverage equipment (usually hydraulic). To do this, it is usually fixed to sacrificial cones or rails emplaced in the previously cast concrete.
 Gliding formwork: This type of formwork is similar to the self-climbing type above. However, the climbing process is continuous instead of intermittent, and is usually only interrupted for a very short time (for example to fix the mounting mechanisms to new anchoring points). The advantage is that it will produce seamless structures, but it requires a continuous, uninterrupted process throughout, with serious potential quality and stability problems if the pour has to be stopped.

See also
 Formwork
 Skyscraper
 Cast-in-place concrete

References

External links 
 The Jump Form System —manufacturer's website containing animated diagram of a self-climbing formwork

Concrete
Construction
William Thomas Henley. William Thomas Henley (1814–1882) was a pioneer in the manufacture of telegraph cables. He was working as a porter in Cheapside in 1830, leaving after disputes with his employer, and working at the St Katherine Docks for six years. During those years he was determined to learn a trade and used money from an aunt to purchase a lathe, vice and lumber with which he made a work bench. With those tools he taught himself to turn wood and brass and began to experiment, including with electricity.

Henley designed and built a machine in 1837 for covering wires with silk or cotton thread which is now in the London Science Museum (Object Number: 1939-139). The machine may have been Henley's original prototype. Around 1858 Henley developed a needle galvanometer that was installed at the Valentia Island, Ireland shore end of the 1858 transatlantic telegraph cable to receive the first signal from the North American terminus at Heart's Content Cable Station, Newfoundland. That instrument is also in the collection of the museum.

He set up as a submarine cable maker in 1857 and by 1859 he had his own factory beside the Thames at North Woolwich. Cable cores, the electrical component and its insulation, were obtained from Stephen William Silver and Hugh Adams Silver's India Rubber, Gutta Percha and Telegraph Works Company or William Hooper's company. He went on to manufacture the shore ends of the second Transatlantic cable in 1865. The firm eventually extended operations to manufacturing gutta-percha and rubber core as well as cable laying and repair.

W.T. Henley's Telegraph Works Co., Ltd acquired cable ships for cables it would lay as well as manufacture. One, , was chartered by Siemens Brothers Ltd. to lay cable between Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and Chuy, Uruguay after the  foundered while laying the cable with loss of  of cable. La Plata foundered en route to complete the lay on 29 November 1874 in the Bay of Biscay with loss of 58 crew and the cable. Other company cable ships were , . and .

W. T. Henley Ltd. was acquired by AEI in 1959, and later became part of GEC following its takeover of AEI in 1967. The company was sold to TT electronics in 1997. Today the company is a division of SICAME UK Limited and relocated to a brand new factory at Hoo (near Rochester) in July 2018.

Footnotes

References

Dictionary of National Biography, Henley, William Thomas (1813?–1882), telegraphic engineer, by Gordon Goodwin. Published 1891.

External links
W.T. Henley Archives (Telegraph Museum Porthcurno and Science Museum Archive and Library at Wroughton)
W. T. Henley's Telegraph Works advertisement listing cables manufactured (ca. 1897)
W.T. Henley’s Telegraph Cable Works, 1912
Machine used for covering wires with silk and cotton, 1837 (Science Museum Group)
CS La Plata Henley's cable ship foundered 29 November 1874 with the loss of 58 crew
The Loss of the La Plata (The Telegraphic Journal, 15 December 1874)

1814 births
1882 deaths
British electrical engineers
Cable manufacture in London
Telegraph engineers and inventors
Burials at Kensal Green Cemetery
History of science and technology in the United Kingdom
R-Darter. The R-Darter is a beyond visual range (BVR) air-to-air missile guided by an active radar homing seeker. It was designed and manufactured by the South African firm Kentron, now known as Denel Dynamics.

The South African air-to-air missile program benefited from cooperation with Israel  during the 1980s and the R-Darter is very similar to the Python Derby.

Service
The missile armed the South African Air Force's Cheetah C fighter aircraft and was withdrawn from service when those were retired in 2008. The SAAF has not yet publicly announced which BVR missile will be procured to equip the 26 Saab JAS 39 Gripens which have replaced the Cheetahs.

The Brazilian Air Force is said to be evaluating the R-Darter for use with their F-5 fighters since Denel will be selling the missiles used for the test at a low price, as they are nearing the end of their shelf-life.

It was reported in 2010 that the R-Darter is being operated by the Pakistan Air Force.

See also
AIM-120 AMRAAM, a similar type of missile (beyond visual range)
A-Darter, Denel's short range infrared homing missile.

References

Post–Cold War weapons of South Africa
Cold War military equipment of South Africa
Air-to-air missiles of South Africa
Beyond-visual-range air-to-air missiles
Denel
Israel–South Africa relations
Military equipment introduced in the 1990s
Standard Assessment Procedure. The Standard Assessment Procedure (SAP) is the UK government's recommended method system for measuring the energy rating of residential dwellings. The methodology is owned by the Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy, and produced under licence by BRE. The first version was published in 1995, and was replaced by newer versions in 1998, 2001, 2005, 2009,  2012, and 2021.  It calculates the typical annual energy costs for space and water heating, and, from 2005, lighting.  The CO2 emissions are also calculated. The SAP runs from 1 to 100+, with dwellings that have SAP>100 being net exporters of energy.

SAP 2012 has been used as the basis for checking new dwellings for compliance with building regulations in the United Kingdom requiring the conservation of fuel and power since 6 April 2014 in England or 31 July 2014 in Wales.

A reduced data version of SAP, RDSAP, is used for existing dwellings. SAP or RDSAP was used to produce the energy report and Energy Performance Certificate in Home Information Packs (HIPs). A document was published by the UK government in 2007, looking towards SAP and energy standards in the future.

A number of comparisons have indicated that SAP does not provide an accurate model for low-energy buildings.

The Standard Assessment Procedure evolved from the National Home Energy Rating scheme, which was based upon the Milton Keynes Energy Cost Index created for the Energy World demonstration buildings in the 1980s.

References

External links 
  Department for Communities . . .   Building Regulations: Energy efficiency requirements for new dwellings - A forward look at what standards may be in 2010 and 2013 .
  UK Building Regulations - Full text of the regulations in .pdf format - UK Government Planning Portal site

Housing in the United Kingdom
Building engineering
Construction industry of the United Kingdom
Kota Harinarayana. Kota Harinarayana (born 1943 in Brahmapur, Odisha) is an aviation engineer. He was born in Brahmapur . He was appointed as chairman of the board of governors of IIT (BHU), Varanasi by Hon'ble President of India on 25 August 2020 till 25 August 2023. He was the vice-chancellor of the University of Hyderabad and the president of the Aeronautical Society of India.

He completed his schooling from City High School, Brahmapur. He obtained his bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering from Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi in 1964, and received master's degree in Aerospace Engineering from Indian Institute of Science. He got his Ph.D from IIT Bombay. He also holds a bachelor's degree in law.

He was programme director and chief designer of India's Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Tejas Programme.

Startups 
He is the Founder Chairman of General Aeronautics, a UAV startup incubated at Indian Institute of Science.

Awards and honours
 Distinguished Scientist Award, Defence Research Development Organization, India
 Padma Shri, 2002

References

External links
http://www.pmibangalorechapter.org/pmpc2006/speakers/kotaharinarayana_profile.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20120314041321/http://drdo.gov.in/drdo/pub/nl/may02/padmashri.htm

1943 births
Living people
People from Odisha
IIT Bombay alumni
Recipients of the Padma Shri in science & engineering
Indian Institute of Science alumni
Banaras Hindu University alumni
Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi alumni
Telugu people
Slater. A slater, or slate mason, is a tradesperson who covers buildings with slate.

Tools used 
The various tools of the slater's trade are all drop-forged.

The slater's hammer is forged in one single piece, from crucible-cast steel, and has a  leather handle. It consists of a claw for drawing nails, a sheer edge for cutting slate, and a head with a sharp point at one end for punching holes in slate and with a hammer head at the other.

The ripper is also forged from crucible-cast steel and is  long. It consists of a blade and a hook, and is used for removing broken slate. The hook can be used to cut and remove slating nails.

The slater's stake is T-shaped.  The vertical bar of the "T" is pointed to allow it to be driven into a rafter or other woodworking surface.  The horizontal bar of the "T" is used to support slates whilst working on them (cutting, punching, or smoothing) with other tools.  The long bar of the stake can also be used as a straight edge for marking.

The zax (also called a sack or sax) is a hand tool for cutting, trimming, and punching nail holes in slate. It consists of a heavy rectangular knife blade with a large point, of square cross section, protruding from the poll (or butt). The blade edge is used to split slate, while the point is used to pierce square holes for mounting the slate on the roof (with square copper nails) or making a series of small holes marking a line where the slate is broken over a slater's iron.

References

Further reading 
  — further information about slater's tools

 
Construction trades workers
Slate

fr:Ardoisier
Inokuchi Ariya. was a mechanical technologist and professor.  He was born in Kanazawa, and graduated from the University of Tokyo Kōgakubu (mechanical course). In Meiji 29 (1896), he was installed in the University of Tokyo professor.  He invented an Inoguchi shiki turbine pump (Inokuchi type turboalternator). He established Nihon Kikai Gakkai (Japan Institute of Mechanical Engineers)

He is founder of Ebara Corporation (former: Inokuchi Seisakusho- lit. Inokuchi manufacturing/works) in 1920.

See also 
 Mechanical Engineering Heritage (Japan) - Heritage No.25

References

1856 births
1923 deaths
Academic staff of the University of Tokyo
People from Kanazawa, Ishikawa
University of Tokyo alumni
Amstrad PC2286. The Amstrad PC2286 was launched 1989. The 2000 series launched as a professional follow on to the PC1512/1640.

The 2000 series consisted of three models: 2086 (8086), 2286 (80286)  and 2386 (80386DX). The series used a plastic case similar to 1512–1640, but this time the main computer unit had its own power supply unit built in. The machine's BIOS setting were battery-backed, using four AA batteries mounted on top of the base unit.

The 2286 came with 3.5" floppy drives as standard, with side port enabling an external 5¼" disk drive to be connected. The package contained one of a range of monitors. Screen were 12" and 14" in VGA monochrome and colour.

Specifications
Processor: 16-bit Intel 80286 CPU @ 12.5 MHz
Memory: 1 MB/4 MB RAM
Hard Disk: 40 MB
Graphics: VGA adaptor supporting MDA, CGA, Hercules, EGA, MCGA and EVGA
I/O: Serial, parallel, 5.25 inch or 3.5 inch FDD, mouse
Operating system: MS-DOS 4.01, Microsoft Windows 2.1 and Microsoft GW-BASIC

References

External links
Amstrad PC2286 on RetrOldies Vlog

Computer-related introductions in 1989
IBM PC compatibles
PC2286
Ghidra. Ghidra (pronounced GEE-druh; ) is a free and open source reverse engineering tool developed by the National Security Agency (NSA) of the United States. The binaries were released at RSA Conference in March 2019; the sources were published one month later on GitHub. Ghidra is seen by many security researchers as a competitor to IDA Pro. The software is written in Java using the Swing framework for the GUI. The decompiler component is written in C++, and is therefore usable in a stand-alone form.

Scripts to perform automated analysis with Ghidra can be written in Java or Python (via Jython), though this feature is extensible and support for other programming languages is available via community plugins. Plugins adding new features to Ghidra itself can be developed using a Java-based extension framework.

History
Ghidra's existence was originally revealed to the public via Vault 7 in March 2017, but the software itself remained unavailable until its declassification and official release two years later. Some comments in its source code indicates that it existed as early as 1999.

In June 2019, coreboot began to use Ghidra for its reverse engineering efforts on firmware-specific problems following the open source release of the Ghidra software suite.

Ghidra can be used, officially, as a debugger since Ghidra 10.0. Ghidra's debugger supports debugging user-mode Windows programs via WinDbg, and Linux programs via GDB.

Supported architectures

The following architectures or binary formats are supported:

 x86 16, 32 and 64 bit
 ARM and AARCH64
 PowerPC 32/64 and VLE
 MIPS 16/32/64
 MicroMIPS
 68xxx
 Java and DEX bytecode
 PA-RISC
 RISC-V
 eBPF
 BPF
 Tricore
 PIC 12/16/17/18/24
 SPARC 32/64
 CR16C
 Z80
 6502
 MC6805/6809, HC05/HC08/HC12
 8048, 8051, 8085
 CP1600
 MSP430
 AVR8, AVR32
 SuperH
 V850
 LoongArch
 Xtensa

See also 
 IDA Pro
 JEB decompiler
 radare2
 Binary Ninja

References

External links 
 
 

Disassemblers
National Security Agency
Free software programmed in C++
Free software programmed in Java (programming language)
Software using the Apache license
International Conference on Software Reuse. The International Conference on Software Reuse (ICSR), is the primary scientific conference on software reuse, domain analysis, and domain engineering.

ICSR includes software  reuse researchers, practitioners, and managers. The conference provides an archival source for important reuse papers. The conference is also meant to provide reuse information and education to practitioners, and to be an  ongoing platform for technology transfer.

Software reusability, the use of knowledge or artifacts from existing systems to build new ones, is a key software engineering technology important both to engineers and managers. Reuse research has been very  active. Many organizations have reported reuse successes, yet there are still important research issues in  systematic reuse. There is a need for reuse solutions that can be applied across domain and organization boundaries. The conference consists of technical presentations, parallel working groups, plenary sessions, demonstrations, and tutorials.

Topics include  reuse metrics, case studies and experiments, copyright and legal issues, current issues in reuse libraries, distributed components, formal methods, design and validation of components, domain analysis and engineering, generators, and Integration frameworks.

List of conferences:

References

External links
 
 ReNews

Software engineering conferences
Reuse
Hirst Research Centre. The Hirst Research Centre, also known as the GEC Hirst Research Centre or GEC Research Laboratories, was established in 1919 at Wembley, Middlesex, by the General Electric Company.

History
Formally opened in 1923, the site at East Lane, Wembley was one of the first specialised industrial research laboratories to be built in Britain. The centre was named after Hugo Hirst, one of the founders of the company that would become the General Electric Company.

One of the centre's most famous achievements was the production of the cavity magnetron during World War II, the concept of which was established by Randall and Boot working at Birmingham University. Staff of the centre were also important in developing radars for use during the war. The 60 m radio mast at the back of the building became, along with Wembley Stadium, one of the landmarks of the area. Hirst was instrumental in setting up the National Grid system which provides power to the whole of the UK. The centre also worked on the design of electrical power systems for the British railway network.

In the 1990s the organisation moved to Borehamwood, Hertfordshire. After GEC left the Wembley site, it was used as the set for some scenes of the 1995 film The Young Poisoner's Handbook.

Notable Hirst employees and scientists
Clifford Paterson was the organisation's first director, and held that position until his death in 1948. Others working there included:
 Derek Abbott
 Jean Bacon
 David Bevan
 Colin Cherry
 Robert James Clayton
 Paul Hendricks
 Cyril Hilsum
 Daryl E. Hooper
 Daniel McCaughan
 Sanjay Jha
 Bernard de Neumann
 Clifford Copland Paterson
 Michael Pepper
 Derek Roberts
 Bruce Robertson
 Michael John Smith
 Boris Townsend
 Ian Robert Young

See also
 Marconi Research Centre
 GEC-Marconi scientist deaths conspiracy theory

References

External links
 Photo of part of the Hirst building in East Lane, Wembley
 Job advertisement for GEC Hirst Research Center, New Scientist, 7 July 1988, p.80

Companies based in the London Borough of Brent
Engineering research institutes
Former buildings and structures in the London Borough of Brent
General Electric Company
History of electronic engineering
History of medical imaging
History of telecommunications in the United Kingdom
Research and development in the United Kingdom
Research institutes in London
Coarse. Coarse may refer to:
Bosnian Coarse-Haired Hound, developed by 19th century Bosnian hunters as a scent hound.
Coarse (behavior), vulgar behavior
Coarse bubble diffusers, produce 1/4 to 1/2 inch bubbles which rise rapidly from the floor of a wastewater treatment plant or sewage treatment plant tank.
Coarse fishing, an angling method, mostly popular throughout Europe.
Coarse sandpaper, a form of paper where an abrasive material has been fixed to its surface, allowing rapid removal of material by rubbing.
Coarse structure, on a set X is a collection of subsets of the cartesian product X × X with certain. properties which allow the large-scale structure of metric spaces and topological spaces to be defined. Used in the mathematical fields of geometry and topology.
Coarse woody debris (CWD), a term used for the dead trees left standing or fallen, including branches on the ground.
Styrian Coarse Haired Hound, a rough coated, hardy hunting dog used by Austrians and Slovenians to hunt Wild Boar.
Granularity
Coarse books, a British series of humorous books on sports and pursuits by Michael Green or Spike Hughes, e.g. The Art of Coarse Rugby
Coarse model, a computationally fast, auxiliary model paired with a fine model in engineering modeling and optimization by space mapping.

See also
 Course (disambiguation)
Midland Steel Products. Midland Steel Products was an American vehicle frame manufacturer located in Cleveland, Ohio that was in business from 1893 to 2003. MSP was the last such American company. At the time of their closing, they employed 250 workers, down from their highest labor force total of 1500 in the 1970s. The last CEO was Salomao Ioschpe, associated with the Brazilian company Iochpe-Maxion. The factory employed some of the biggest metal forming presses in North America, with presses ranging from 400 tons to 7000 tons. It had state of the art heat treating equipment and held a patent for a method of induction heat treating.

Before the UAW480 strike prior to 1990, Harry Esling was President, Dennis Puening was the Controller with Joe Szudarek as his assistant (216-267-5656).

References

Auto parts suppliers of the United States