omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Wolfgang Peukert. Wolfgang Peukert (born 9 June 1958 in Karlsruhe) is a German process engineer. He won the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize in 2005.

Life 
Wolfgang Peukert studied chemical engineering at the University of Karlsruhe and received his doctorate in 1990 at the Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering with the topic "The combined separation of particles and gases in packed bed filters". After seven years in the development department of the Japanese Hosokawa Group, he became a full professor at the Institute of Particle Technology, Technical University of Munich (TUM) in 1998. He moved to the Institute of Particle Technology at the Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen - Nürnberg, Chair and full professor, in 2003.

Scientific work 
Prof. W. Peukert works and shapes the scientific field of particle technology. Starting from filed of mechanical process engineering, he develops particle technology into an interdisciplinary field of research. By combining the working methods of physics, chemistry and process engineering, individual processes and process-structure-property relationships are fundamentally investigated.

Using experimental, analytical and theoretical methods, he mainly studies particles with sizes in the submicrometric and nanometer range, where the surface properties have a greater influence than the volume properties. The field of research is covering particle synthesis and formation, interface engineering, characterization of particles, particle interactions and structure formation and product design.

W. Peukert is member and coordinator of several research initiatives and invited plenary and keynote speaker at major international conferences.

Honors and awards 

 Environmental Prize of the City of Karlsruhe, 1990
 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize, German Research Foundation, 2005
 Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 2008
 Ernest Solvay Prize, 2012
 Member of the German Academy of Science and Engineering (Acatech).
 Hans Rumpf Medal 2018

References

External links
Homepage

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize winners
Academic staff of the Technical University of Munich
Living people
1958 births
Peter Greil. Peter Greil is a German materials scientist. He received the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize in 2000. He has been a full professor, as well as Chair of the Institute of Glass and Ceramics, at the Friedrich–Alexander University of Erlangen–Nuremberg since 1993.

References

External links
Homepage (old)
Homepage

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize winners
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
FLASH. FLASH, acronym of Free Electron LASer in Hamburg, is a superconducting particle accelerator-based soft X-ray free-electron laser located at the German national laboratory DESY in Hamburg, Germany. It can generate very powerful, ultrashort pulses (~10−14 s) of coherent radiation in the energy range from 10 eV (electronvolt) to 300 eV. It started operation for external users in the year 2005 and is used for surface, molecular and atomic physics experiments. Intended applications are also the imaging of single biological complex molecules with time resolution.

FLASH originated from the TESLA Test Facility (TTF), which was built in 1997 to test the technology foreseen for the planned linear collider TESLA, a project that was replaced by the International Linear Collider (ILC). For this purpose, the TTF was enlarged from 100 m to 260 m. FLASH also served as a test facility for the technology for the European XFEL.

The facility currently serves seven experimental stations. It is also used as a test facility for plasma wakefield acceleration at the FLASHForward experiment. Since 2020, it has been expanded to further optimise the properties of the radiation (FLASH2020+ project).

References

External links 
 FLASH website
 DESY website

Particle physics facilities
Free-electron lasers
Treno ad alta frequentazione. ALe 426/506 TAF (acronym of Treno ad Alta Frequentazione) is an Italian Electric Multiple Unit (EMU) used mainly on commuter regional trains. Concept design has been made by Italian designer Pininfarina.

Two different companies employ them: Trenitalia and Ferrovie Nord Milano (FNM). Some slightly modified version of the EMU have been purchased by Moroccan Railways in 2006.

Description 
Each train is formed by fixed sections of four bi-level pieces: two motorized units (ALe 426/506) and two coaches between them (Le 736).
Two sections can be coupled together, but by now it is not possible on Trenitalia units (on FNM ones is common practice).

The total capacity is of 469 seated and 372 standing passengers.

Specifications 

ALe 426/506 employs asynchronous three-phase traction motors feed by the 3000 V DC catenary.
Motors are mounted on one bogie per motorized unit, for a total of two motorized bogies per section.

Operators

Ferrovie Nord Milano

ONCF 
The ONCF operates a fleet of 24 trains.

References

Electric railcars and multiple units of Italy
Double-decker EMUs
AnsaldoBreda multiple units
Train-related introductions in 1996
3000 V DC multiple units
Moongate (book). Moongate: Suppressed Findings of the U.S. Space Program, The NASA-Military Cover-Up is a 1982 book by American engineer William L. Brian II.

Jonathan Eisen wrote in his 1999 book Suppressed Inventions that Brian asserts in Moongate that the Moon has a weighty atmosphere and gravity, so "a top secret antigravity propulsion system" was required to land on and take off from the Moon.

The book alleges a cover-up by NASA for hiding facts about the Moon's having alien intelligence. Brian asserts that in the 1960s, NASA discovered that the Moon's gravitational field was 64 percent as powerful as the Earth's. He said this is significant because it would mean Newton's law of universal gravitation is incorrect. It would also indicate that the Moon could maintain an atmosphere, allowing for life to exist.

Reviews
Roger D. Launius and J. D. Hunley of NASA called the book "a sensationalistic exposé". They cited the title of Chapter 10, "Evidence of Extraterrestrial Interference in the Space Program", as suggesting "the highly speculative and tenuous tenor of the book".

Jonathan Vankin and John Whalen wrote in their 2004 book The 80 Greatest Conspiracies of All Time that the book "sketched out a ... planet-shaking, NASA-scamming history of the solar system" and that "Brian's theories echo another wing of aerospace conspiracy conjecture, the insanely sweeping 'Alternative 3' plot".

See also 

 Conspiracy theories
 Lost Cosmonauts
 Moon landing conspiracy theories

References 

Moon landing conspiracy theories
1982 non-fiction books
Books about conspiracy theories
Spaceflight books
History of spaceflight
Astronomical hypotheses
Buford John Schramm. Buford John Schramm (14 October 1938 – 28 April 2004), better-known as B.J. Schramm, was a businessman and developer of light personal helicopters. He was killed in the crash of a single-seat helicopter of his own design near Montour, about six miles southwest of Horseshoe Bend, Idaho. Schramm founded RotorWay Aircraft in 1961, a kit helicopter manufacturing company. At the time of his death he operated a company called Eagle R&D, based in Caldwell, Idaho, manufacturing a kit helicopter called the Helicycle.

Schramm was the founder of a non-ferrous metal foundry that supplied materials to Bell, Hughes, Sikorsky, Motorolla as well as his own helicopter businesses.

Schramm was posthumously inducted into the Experimental Aircraft Association Homebuilder's Hall of Fame in 2006, although he was not a member of that organization at the time of his death.

References

External images 
Photo of B.J. Schramm in aeromorning.com archives

External links 
Obituary of B.J. Schramm
Helicycle home page
Link to image of B.J. Schramm
jetflyer.ru — Collected reports of death of B.J. Schramm

1938 births
2004 deaths
Businesspeople in aviation

20th-century American businesspeople
Victims of helicopter accidents or incidents in the United States
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 2004
Human visual system model. A human visual system model (HVS model) is used by image processing, video processing and computer vision experts to deal with biological and psychological processes that are not yet fully understood.  Such a model is used to simplify the behaviors of what is a very complex system. As our knowledge of the true visual system improves, the model is updated.

Psychovisual study is the study of the psychology of vision.

The human visual system model can produce desired effects in perception and vision. Examples of using an HVS model include color television, lossy compression, and Cathode-ray tube (CRT) television.

Originally, it was thought that color television required too high a bandwidth for the then available technology. Then it was noticed that the color resolution of the HVS was much lower than the brightness resolution; this allowed color to be squeezed into the signal by chroma subsampling.

Another example is lossy image compression, like JPEG. Our HVS model says we cannot see high frequency detail, so in JPEG we can quantize these components without a perceptible loss of quality. Similar concepts are applied in audio compression, where sound frequencies inaudible to humans are band-stop filtered.

Several HVS features are derived from evolution when we needed to defend ourselves or hunt for food. We often see demonstrations of HVS features when we are looking at optical illusions.

Block diagram of HVS

Assumptions about the HVS

 Low-pass filter characteristic (limited number of rods in human eye): see Mach bands
 Lack of color resolution (fewer cones in human eye than rods)
 Motion sensitivity 
 More sensitive in peripheral vision
 Stronger than texture sensitivity, e.g. viewing a camouflaged animal
 Texture stronger than disparity  3D depth resolution does not need to be so accurate
 Integral Face recognition (babies smile at faces)
 Depth inverted face looks normal (facial features overrule depth information)
 Upside down face with inverted mouth and eyes looks normal

Examples of taking advantage of an HVS model

 Flicker frequency of film and television using persistence of vision to fool viewer into seeing a continuous image
 Interlaced television painting half images to give the impression of a higher flicker frequency
 Color television (chrominance at half resolution of luminance corresponding to proportions of rods and cones in eye)
 Image compression (difficult to see higher frequencies more harshly quantized)
 Motion estimation (use luminance and ignore color)
 Watermarking and Steganography

See also
 Psychoacoustics
 Visual system
 Visual perception
 Depth perception

References

Computer vision
Hafnon. Hafnon is a hafnium nesosilicate mineral, chemical formula  or . In natural zircon  part of the zirconium is replaced by the very similar hafnium and so natural zircon is never pure . A zircon with 100% hafnium substitution can be made synthetically and is hafnon.

Hafnon occurs as transparent red to red orange tetragonal crystals with a hardness of 7.5.

Hafnon occurs naturally in tantalum-bearing granite pegmatites in the Zambezia district, Mozambique and in
weathered pegmatites at Mount Holland, Western Australia. It has also been reported from locations in Ontario, Quebec and Manitoba, Canada; North Carolina, United States; and in Zimbabwe.

References

Emsley, John. Nature's Building Blocks. Oxford, 2001. 

Nesosilicates
Tetragonal minerals
Minerals in space group 141
Stibiopalladinite. Stibiopalladinite is a mineral containing the chemical elements palladium and antimony. Its chemical formula is Pd5Sb2. It is a silvery white to steel grey opaque mineral crystallizing in the    hexagonal crystal system.

It was first described in 1929 for an occurrence in the Bushveld igneous complex of South Africa.

References

Bibliography
Emsley, John. Nature's Building Blocks. Oxford, 2001. 

Antimonide minerals
Palladium minerals
Hexagonal minerals
Minerals in space group 185
Rhodplumsite. Rhodplumsite is a rare rhodium-lead sulfide mineral, chemical formula Rh3Pb2S2. It was originally discovered within a platinum nugget, in grains up to 40 μm in size. Its name originates from its composition; rhodium and lead (plumbum in Latin). Although this mineral contains large amounts of rhodium, it is not an economically viable ore of rhodium due to its rarity.

References

Rhodium minerals
Lead minerals
Sulfide minerals
Trigonal minerals
Minerals in space group 166
Minerals described in 1983
FEM Element. FEM Element is a commercial finite element method solver for electromagnetic structures from EEsof.  FEM Element can perform electromagnetic simulation of arbitrarily-shaped, passive three-dimensional structures.

It is aimed at providing 3D EM simulation to designers working on RF circuits, MMICs, PC boards, modules, and signal integrity applications. It provides a full 3D electromagnetic field solver, a solid modeling GUI, and fully automated meshing and convergence capabilities for modeling arbitrary 3D shapes such as connectors, machined parts, components, bond wires, antennas, and packages.

FEM Element is available with integration into Keysight EEsof's Advanced Design System (ADS) and EMPro platforms.

It was originally called Electromagnetic Design System (EMDS).

See also
 Computational electromagnetics

Notes

Finite element software
Electronic design automation software
Tupolev ANT-8. The ANT-8 was an experimental flying boat designed by Tupolev. It was designated the "MDR-2" (MDR meaning Morskoi Dalnii Razvedchik, or Naval Long-Range Reconnaissance) by the military.

Design and development
Tupolev and the TsAGI were asked to build the ANT-8 in 1925, but other projects were deemed more important. Thus, little was completed on the ANT-8. Finally, in 1930, with Ivan Pogosski leading, actual work was started on the aircraft. Its first flight was on January 30, 1931, piloted by S. Riballschuk. Shortly after the ANT-8 flew for the first time, the ANT-14 lifted off the ground.

Construction
The ANT-8 was chosen to be made entirely from metal, with a Duralumin hull and similar wings to the Tupolev R-6. The fuselage received much attention from the designers and it was decided to have the floats included in the load-bearing structure. Power came from two pusher BMW VI engines mounted over the wings. The aircraft was fitted with an enclosed cockpit for the two pilots, while turrets were mounted in the bow and aft of the wing, each mounting two DA-2 machine guns. Up to 500 kg (1,102 lb) of bombs could be carried under the wing roots.

Although the aircraft demonstrated excellent seaworthiness, and Tupolev learned much about flying boat hulls from it, continuation of the ANT-8 project was deemed unnecessary by the Soviet Navy, as it was believed that it was obsolete and would soon be superseded by the Chetverikov MDR-3. Only one was built, although its hull was modified several times.

Operators

Tupolev factory.

Specifications (MDR-2)

References

Bibliography

 Duffy, Paul and Andrei Kandalov. (1996) Tupolev, The Man and His Aircraft. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers.
 Gunston, Bill. The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft 1975–1995. London: Osprey, 1995. .

ANT-08
1930s Soviet patrol aircraft
Flying boats
Twin-engined pusher aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1931
Rochester Area Colleges Center for Excellence in Math and Science. The Rochester Area Colleges Center for Excellence in Math and Science (RAC-CEMS, or RACCEMS) is an association of 19 post-secondary educational institutions located on the Nazareth College campus in Rochester, NY in west-central New York State. The RAC-CEMS focuses on the development and delivery of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) topics in K-16 education and supporting programs designed to increase the quality and quantity of the student talent pool pursuing curricula in math, science and related technical fields.

About the RAC-CEMS 

The Rochester Area Colleges is a consortium of higher education institutions in the Rochester, New York metropolitan area. Founded in 1970, Rochester Area Colleges has numerous area public and private colleges as members, and provides collaborative working opportunities for colleges and their students. The purpose of the association is to support the functions of career development, placement, and experiential education in the region.  In 2006, Senator Schumer called for Rochester to become a math-science teaching center of excellence and gathered together presidents of Rochester colleges to establish a national math and science teaching center.  He also pushed for the Senate Appropriations Committee approve a grant under the FY07 Labor, Health and Human Services and Education Appropriations Bill for the RAC-CEMS to be funded.  In December or 2007, the RAC-CEMS was awarded nearly $1,000,000 in federal money to pay for an expansion of teacher-training programs.

Rochester Area College Consortium 

The RACCEMS consortium consists of:

 Alfred State College
 Alfred University
 Colgate Rochester Crozer Divinity School
 Corning Community College
 Empire State College
 Finger Lakes Community College
 Hobart and William Smith Colleges
 Keuka College
 Monroe Community College
 Nazareth College
 Roberts Wesleyan College
 Rochester Institute of Technology
 Saint John Fisher College
 St. Bernard's School of Theology and Ministry
 State University of New York College at Brockport
 State University of New York College at Geneseo
 University of Rochester
 Wells College

References

Education in New York (state)
I-ME-WE. I-ME-WE (India-Middle East-Western Europe) is a  submarine communications cable system linking Europe and India via the Middle East. At launch, the design capacity was 3.84 Tbit/s, but after upgrades by Mitsubishi Electric in 2016, the new design capacity was rated at 5.6 Tbit/s. The cable entered service in December 2010.

The cable consists of three fiber pairs, one of which is a terrestrial link connecting Alexandria and Suez in Egypt. The contract for construction and maintenance of the cable was awarded to Alcatel-Lucent Submarine Networks (ASN), supported by NEC as subcontractor, at a total cost of US$480 million.

Landing points and operators 
The IMEWE consortium comprises nine telecom companies across eight countries.

See also

Other cable systems following a substantially similar route are:

 Europe-India Gateway (EIG)
 FLAG Europe Asia
 SEA-ME-WE 3
 SEA-ME-WE 4
 SEA-ME-WE 5

References

External links
 Official website

Submarine communications cables in the Arabian Sea
Submarine communications cables in the Indian Ocean
Submarine communications cables in the Mediterranean Sea
Submarine communications cables in the Red Sea
Bharti Airtel
2009 establishments in Africa
2009 establishments in Asia
2009 establishments in Europe
2009 establishments in Maharashtra
HPER Biomechanics Laboratory. The HPER Biomechanics Laboratory is located on the campus of the University of Nebraska at Omaha, in the United States. It is a center dedicated to the discovering of the neuromuscular control mechanism of human movement pattern. The director of the HPER Biomechanics Laboratory is Dr. Nicholas Stergiou.

The laboratory is unique in that it is dedicated to interdisciplinary research that engages in both theoretical and experimental neuromuscular control questions. HPER Biomechanics Laboratory scientists have been responsible for many important discoveries related to the motor control of movement patterns.

External links

References

University of Nebraska Omaha
Wonka VM. The Wonka VM is an open-source, portable, embedded implementation of the Java virtual machine specification, together with class libraries which implement most of the Connected Device Configuration of Java ME, version 1.0. The VM itself was developed independently of any other implementation, including Sun Microsystem's RI. The same is true of most of the class libraries, but in this case some code is drawn from the GNU Classpath project.

The Wonka VM was developed by telematics company Acunia to run on its ARM-based hardware. In October 2001 Wonka was released as open source software under a "revised" BSD license. Since the demise of Acunia the Wonka VM website has been hosted by software house Luminis at wonka-vm.org; however the code is no longer under active development, Wonka having effectively been superseded by the Mika VM. Nonetheless, there are still many instances of Wonka in daily use, for example in Punch Telematix' CarCube or Kronos' HirePort recruitment terminal.

See also

Mika VM
List of Java virtual machines

References

External links
 The legacy source code of Wonka vm

Discontinued Java virtual machines
Surya missile. The Surya missile (Sanskrit: सूर्या 'Sun') is a speculated intercontinental ballistic missile being developed by Defence research and development organization of India. Its operational range is beyond 16,000 Km, covering the entire earth.

History
According to a 1995 report published in The Nonproliferation Review, Surya (meaning the Sun in Sanskrit and many Indian languages) is the codename for one of the Intercontinental ballistic missiles that India is reported to be developing, for which there is no formal statement from India. The DRDO is believed to have begun the project in 1994. This report was not confirmed by any other sources until 2010.

According to the report, the Surya is an intercontinental-range, surface-based, solid and liquid propellant ballistic missile.
The report adds that Surya is the most ambitious project in India's Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme. The Surya missile is more strategic in nature due to its capabilities and thus gives enemy mutually assured destruction. The Surya is speculated to have a range of more than 12,000 kilometres, which brings almost all major nations of the world in its range.

It is said to have a three-stage design, with the first two stages using solid propellants and the third-stage using liquid. The first stage is speculated to be borrowed from Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV).

Development 
According to a 2013 report by The New Indian Express, Surya missile is speculated of being built highly confidentially under the code-name of Agni-VI.

Speculated specifications
 Class:ICBM
 Lasing: Surface based, underwater based (in certain strategic areas) and submarine based is its most important aspect which may range above 16,000 km.
 Length: 40.00 m.
 Diameter: 1.1m.
 Launch Weight: 70,000 kg.
 Propulsion: First/second stage solid, third liquid.
 Warhead Capabilities: 3-10 thermonuclear warheads of 750 kilotons each or 4-5 Megatons single warhead. 
 Status: Confidential.
 Number Built: Confidential.
 In Service: unknown.

See also
 
 Project Valiant
 Intercontinental ballistic missile
 Agni Missile System
 Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle

References

External links
 

Ballistic missiles of India
Defence Research and Development Organisation
MIRV capable missiles