omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Visual 50. The Visual 50 is a terminal created by Visual Technology, Inc., which was located in Tewksbury, Massachusetts. Visual's slogan was "See for yourself".  It merged with White Pine Software in 1993, which became CU-SeeMe Networks, in turn absorbed into RadVision in 2001.

The Visual 50 and Visual 55 were low end products, being replaced in 1986 by the Visual 60 and Visual 65.

Details 
The terminal consists of a monitor which is the main component and a keyboard.  It was used as a computer terminal so there are no internal drives or daughter cards.  The primary component in the case is a motherboard with a modem port, keyboard port, and an aux. port. 

Termcap provides support for the Visual 50 by way of the entries named v50, vi50, v50am, or visual50, depending on the system.  

The terminal uses an SGS (now STMicroelectronics) Z8400AB1 CPU, based on the Zilog Z80A CPU. This CPU has an 8 bit data bus and a 16 bit address bus, and runs at 4 MHz.  The keyboard is a Keytronic A65-0248, attached by a 4 wire telephone cord. The keyboard uses an Intel P8048H MCU, a common MCU for keyboards.

See also

 Visual 1050

CU-SeeMe

References

External links
Termcap source file 
IRIX Admin Manual; Peripheral Devices; Chapter 1. Terminals and Modems
Visual Technology Visual 1050

Character-oriented terminal
Visual Technology, Inc.
Microwave limb sounder. The microwave limb sounder (MLS) experiments measure (naturally occurring) microwave thermal emission from the limb (edge) of Earth's upper atmosphere.  The data is used to create vertical profiles of atmospheric gases, temperature, pressure, and cloud ice.

History

 12 September 1991 – NASA launches Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) STS-48 mission, largely in response to threat of chlorofluorocarbons to ozone layer.
 15 July 2004 – NASA launches Earth Observing System (EOS) Aura mission with overall scientific objectives of determining whether global stratospheric ozone is recovering, measuring composition effects on climate variability, and studying pollution in the upper troposphere.

See also
 Remote sensing
 Radio occultation
 Scatterometer
 High-resolution dynamics limb sounder

References

External links
 Jet Propulsion Laboratory MLS web site

Atmospheric sounding satellite sensors
Rolling bridge. Rolling bridge may be applied to several distinct types of movable bridge:

 Guthrie rolling bridge, a type of retractable bridge, also known as a thrust bridge
 Rolling bascule bridge, a type of bascule bridge (sometimes referred to as a drawbridge)
 The Rolling Bridge, the only bridge of the curling type
 Cody Dock Rolling Bridge, a foot bridge in London, England, manually rolled through 180˚ to allow boat traffic
Electron pair. In chemistry, an electron pair or Lewis pair consists of two electrons that occupy the same molecular orbital but have opposite spins. Gilbert N. Lewis introduced the concepts of both the electron pair and the covalent bond in a landmark paper he published in 1916.

Because electrons are fermions, the Pauli exclusion principle forbids these particles from having all the same quantum numbers. Therefore, for two electrons to occupy the same orbital, and thereby have the same orbital quantum number, they must have different spin quantum numbers. This also limits the number of electrons in the same orbital to two.

The pairing of spins is often energetically favorable, and electron pairs therefore play a large role in chemistry. They can form a chemical bond between two atoms, or they can occur as a lone pair of valence electrons.  They also fill the core levels of an atom.

Because the spins are paired, the magnetic moment of the electrons cancel one another, and the pair's contribution to magnetic properties is generally diamagnetic.

Although a strong tendency to pair off electrons can be observed in chemistry, it is also possible for electrons to occur as unpaired electrons.

In the case of metallic bonding, the magnetic moments also compensate to a large extent, but the bonding is more communal, so that individual pairs of electrons cannot be distinguished and it is better to consider the electrons as a collective 'sea'.

See also
Electron pair production
Frustrated Lewis pair
Jemmis mno rules
Lewis acids and bases
Nucleophile
Polyhedral skeletal electron pair theory

References

Quantum chemistry
Chemical bonding
Molecular physics
China Steel. China Steel Corporation (CSC; ) is the largest integrated steel maker in Taiwan. Its main steel mill is located in Siaogang District, Kaohsiung. The corporation and its sister companies are administrated under the CSC Group. According to the International Iron and Steel Institute (IISI), China Steel is the 23rd largest steel producer in the world in 2016.

History
China Steel was planned and organized in 1960s and the corporation was officially established on December 3, 1971. Its adoption of the continuous casting production process, which was later computerized, obtained for the company international competitiveness. On November 1, 1974, CSC began the first stage of construction. Its head office was located in Taipei between 1971 and 1975, but translocated to Kaohsiung since September 15, 1975.

The first blast furnace was launched on June 27, 1977. A few months later, the first stage of the building plan of the steel mill was accomplished. The second and the third stage were subsequently accomplished in 1982 and 1988, respectively. Presently, the company has a total of four blast furnaces.

CSC was started as a non-governmental company. It once transformed into a state-owned company on July 1, 1977 and subsequently re-privatized on April 12, 1995. Although CSC is a de jure non-governmental company at present, the Government of the Republic of China (Taiwan) still owns a large portion of its stocks, thus the chairman of the company is appointed by the government.

Carbon footprint
China Steel reported Total CO2e emissions (Direct + Indirect) for the twelve months ending 31 December 2020 at 19,579 Kt (-1,954 /-9.1% y-o-y).

See also

Formosa Ha Tinh Steel, China Steel 22.5% shareholding since 2017
 List of companies of Taiwan
 Ten Major Construction Projects

References

External links
China Steel Corporation
 History of China Steel Corporation

Steel companies of Taiwan
Manufacturing companies established in 1971
1971 establishments in Taiwan
Manufacturing companies based in Kaohsiung
Illawarra Coke Company. The Illawarra Coke Company (ICC) is located in Coalcliff and Corrimal, in the Illawarra region of New South Wales, Australia where historically coal was mined on the slopes of the Illawarra escarpment. After the mines were closed, coke making still occurs on these sites. The company was the only independent producer of metallurgical and foundry coke in Australia and has been privately owned since 1996. It produced premium grade coke for metallurgical processing and foundry to Australian and overseas base metals producers for lead and zinc smelting and iron production for steelmaking. The company's two cokeworks are adjacent to all major transport links.

In April 2014, Illawarra Coke Company closed.

References

External links
 "Illawarra Coal" – An unofficial history of coal mining in the Illawarra
 Illawarra Coke Company photograph collection

Coal companies of Australia
Illawarra escarpment
Coal mining in New South Wales
Companies based in New South Wales
Energy companies established in 1996
Non-renewable resource companies established in 1996
Genetix. Genetix is a virtual machine created by theoretical physicist Bernard Hodson containing only 34 executable instructions. It was inspired by the principles of Alan Turing and allows for an entire operating system, including a word processor and utilities, to run on 32 kilobytes.

"Genes" are sequences of 50 to 100 pointers that either point directly to one of the 34 basic instructions or to another gene. The 700 genes take up approximately 26 kilobytes in size all together. The "gene pool" consists of a closed section and an open section where the users can add their own made genes.

Upsides are security and efficiency.

Hodson suggested that a simple compiler could process any application and that the rules were so simple that an application could be developed without the need for a compiler at all. He also suggested that embedded systems might be a good market for Genetix.

See also 
 Turing machine
 von Neumann machine (disambiguation)

References

External links 
Bernard Hodson's page on Genetix 

Virtual machines
History of Dallas (1946–1974). The history of Dallas, Texas, United States, from 1946 to 1974 concerns the city during the mid-20th century.

Technology 
In 1958 a version of the integrated circuit was invented in Dallas by Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments; this event punctuated the Dallas area's development as a center for high-technology manufacturing (though the technology Mr. Kilby developed was soon usurped by a competing technology simultaneously developed in the "Silicon Valley" in California by engineers who would go on to form Intel Corporation).  During the 1950s and 1960s, Dallas became the nation's third-largest technology center, with the growth of such companies as Ling-Temco-Vought (LTV Corporation) and Texas Instruments.

Development 
In 1957, developers Trammell Crow and John M. Stemmons, opened a Home Furnishings Mart that grew into the Dallas Market Center, the largest wholesale trade complex in the world. The same year, the Dallas Memorial Auditorium (now the Dallas Convention Center) opened near Canton and Akard Streets in what is now the Convention Center District of downtown.

Kennedy assassination 

On November 22, 1963, United States President John F. Kennedy was assassinated on Elm Street while his motorcade passed through Dealey Plaza in downtown Dallas. Texas Governor John Connally was seriously wounded by the first bullet to hit Kennedy but survived.

References

External links
 
 Dallas History from the Dallas Historical Society

1946-1974
BSR. BSR may refer to:
 Backslash-R, a class of options in Perl Compatible Regular Expressions
 Basrah International Airport, IATA code
 Vasai Road railway station, Mumbai, India, station code
 Birmingham Sound Reproducers or BSR McDonald, a former UK audio manufacturer
 Bit Scan Reverse, find first set x86 instruction
 Bootstrap Router in Protocol Independent Multicast
 Brain stimulation reward
 The British School at Rome
 Brown Student/Community Radio, Providence, RI, US
 Brussels Sound Revolution, a Belgian new beat band, best known for the single Qui? (1989).
 Building Safety Regulator a part of the Health and Safety Executive of the UK Government responsible for building safety in England
 Beijing Subway Rolling Stock Equipment, a rolling stock manufacturer based in Beijing, China
Reactive dye printing. The chromophore (the chemical group of a dye responsible for colour) of reactive dyes contain substituents that react with the substrate to which it is applied. Reactive dyes have better fastness properties owing to this covalent bonding, and are the most important method for coloring cellulose fibers but can also be used on wool and nylon.

Reactive dye printing is a method of printing fabrics using reactive dye incorporated into a paste or wax including components such as sodium alginate gum, soda ash, urea and kerosin.  Typically, the dye is dried at 130 degrees and cured at 180 degrees to permanently bond it, and the fabric later treated with a softener for better hand feel.

References

External links
 Printing Pigment Paste
 Printing Chemicals List details
 US Patent 6,840,614

Dyes
Turbine hall. The turbine hall, generating hall or turbine building is a building or room in any steam cycle or hydroelectric power plant which houses a number of components vital to the generation of electricity from the steam that comes from the boiler, or from the water coming from the reservoir.  The components in the turbine hall typically are the turbines and electric generators, and in the case of steam cycle plants, moisture separators and reheaters. A turbine hall is typically extremely loud, and in the case of steam cycle plants, hot.

The turbine hall is of sufficient height to enable plant and equipment to be lifted and removed, sometimes vertically, for maintenance or replacement. The hall is often equipped with a travelling crane to facilitate such movements.

In nuclear power plants, boiling water reactors present unique challenges since the steam going through the turbines may be radioactive.  This means that the turbine hall has to be slightly contained and much unique maintenance must be performed. A typical plant will house one high-pressure turbine and two low-pressure turbines.

See also

Boiler
Turbine

External links

Nuclear tourist - turbine halls

Nuclear power plant components
Turbo generators
Sisu 1A. 

The Sisu 1A is a competition sailplane built in the United States in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Originally designed by Leonard Niemi as a homebuilt sailplane, its first flight in 1958 showed such promise that Niemi decided instead to manufacture it in series production. Niemi formed the Arlington Aircraft Company for this purpose. The Sisu 1A quickly proved itself as the most competitive American sailplane ever developed, winning the 1962, 1965, and 1967 U.S. National Soaring Championships. On July 31, 1964, a Sisu 1a piloted by Alvin H. Parker became the first sailplane ever to fly farther than 1000 km.

Aircraft on display
The Arlington Sisu 1A that broke the 1000 km distance record was donated to the Smithsonian Institution and resides in the Udvar-Hazy Center (UHC) of the  National Air and Space Museum.  UHC is located in the Washington, DC suburb of Chantilly, VA near Dulles International Airport.

Specifications (Sisu 1)

References

 
 

1950s United States sailplanes
Glider aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1958
V-tail aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Temperature (disambiguation). Temperature is a physical quantity that expresses hot and cold.

Temperature may also refer to:

Science and technology
 Atmospheric temperature
 Thermodynamic temperature, a quantity defined in thermodynamics
 Color temperature, of a light source
 Effective temperature, of a body such as a star or planet
 Human body temperature
 Fever or "having a temperature", the elevation of the body temperature
 Noise temperature, a measure of the noise of an electronic component
 Temperature (softmax function), a parameter that alters the entropy of the softmax function or Boltzmann distribution

Music
 "Temperature" (song), a song released in 2006 by Sean Paul
 "Temperature" a song by Zion from True & Livin'
 "Temperature", a song by Blaque from Blaque Out
 "Temperature", a song by Little Walter

Other uses
 Temperature (game theory), a measure of the value of a game to its players

See also
 
 Doneness, a gauge of how thoroughly cooked a cut of meat is based on its color, juiciness, and internal temperature
 Planetary equilibrium temperature, a theoretical temperature that a planet would be as a black body being heated only by its parent star
 Thermal radiation, generated by the thermal motion of particles in matter
 Heat (disambiguation)
Madera Municipal Airport. Madera Municipal Airport  is  northwest of Madera, in Madera County, California. The FAA's National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015 categorized it as a general aviation facility.

Facilities
The airport covers  at an elevation of 255 feet (78 m). It has two asphalt runways: 12/30 is 5,545 by 150 feet (1,690 x 46 m) and 7/25 is 3,702 by 150 feet (1,128 x 46 m).

In the year ending November 18, 2015, the airport had 50,950 aircraft operations, average 139 per day: 96% general aviation, 1% air taxi, and <1% military. In May 2017, 140 aircraft were based at this airport: 99 single-engine, 13 multi-engine, 10 jets, 8 helicopters, 1 glider, and 9 ultralight.

History
In 1943, the City of Madera leased the airport to the Army Corps of Engineers to be used by the Army Air Force for fueling planes flying north to south. Six months after the end of the war, the land reverted to the city.

References

External links 
 Aerial photo as of 18 August 1998 from USGS The National Map
 

Airports in Madera County, California
San Joaquin Valley
Geologist's hammer. A geologist's hammer, also known as rock hammer, rock pick, geological pick, or geo pick, is a specialized hammer used for splitting and breaking rocks. In field geology, it is employed to expose fresh rock surfaces, as weathered surfaces may obscure accurate analysis of a rock's composition, bedding orientation, mineralogy, history, and strength. In fossil and mineral collecting, geologist's hammers are used to break rocks in order to reveal specimens contained within.

Shape
Geologist's hammers, as with most hammers, have two heads, one on either side. Most commonly, the tool consists of a flat square head on one end, with either a chisel or a pick head at the other end.

A corner or edge of the flat head is used to deliver a blow to a rock with the intention of splitting it. Specimens or samples can be trimmed to remove sharp corners or reduce them in size.
A chisel head (pictured) is useful for clearing loose material and vegetation from exposures, or creating exposures through digging. It is sometimes (at risk of damage) used to pry open fissures. Some rocks can be easily split, like slate or shale, to reveal any fossils.
A pick head, which terminates in a sharp point to deliver maximum pressure, is often preferred for harder rocks. A geologist's hammer bearing a pick end is often referred to as a rock pick, geological pick, or prospecting pick instead of a geologist's hammer.

Construction
The effective power of a geologist's hammer is mainly considered to be a reflection of its head weight and handle length. Head weight may range from  or less on a small hammer—such as would generally be used for casual use or by children—to  and greater. A hammer of  has been described as most useful, although metamorphic or igneous rocks often require heavier hammers for a more powerful blow. In such cases geologists may prefer a sledge or bricklayer's "club" hammer.

The best geologist's hammers are forged from one piece of hardened steel, which renders them sturdy and long-lasting. Alternatives such as tubular- and wooden-shafted hammers are more commonly used, in part due to their lower cost. Such alternative handles sacrifice strength and make the hammer unsuitable for high-strain activities such as prying.
 
The form and weighting of the shaft defines the balance, which itself defines the ease, efficiency, and comfort of use of the geologist's hammer.

References

Hammers
Geological tools

ro:Piolet
E. W. Etchells. Elwood Widmer (E. W.) "Skip" Etchells (July 5, 1911 – December 20, 1998) was an American naval architect, boat builder and world championship sailor. He is best remembered now for the one-design racing boat that bears his name, the International Etchells class, a  keelboat that he designed in 1966. One of the most competitive classes in sailboat racing, the Etchells is often the boat of choice for the world's top sailors, including America's Cup veteran Dennis Conner, a three-time world champion in the class.

A graduate of the University of Michigan with a degree in naval architecture, Skip Etchells worked for the Navy in shipyards on the West Coast during World War II. After the war, he got a job in New York City with Sparkman & Stephens, the yacht design firm, before establishing his own boatbuilding company, Old Greenwich Boat Co., based in Old Greenwich, Connecticut. For more than 30 years beginning in the 1940s, Etchells built some of the fastest Star-class sailboats ever. He and his wife, Mary O'Toole Etchells, also campaigned in Stars for many years, traveling the world and winning regattas in the U.S., Europe, the Caribbean, and South America. In 1951, they won the Star world championship at Gibson Island, Maryland. Mary Etchells remains the only woman ever to have won the worlds in the Star class. In 1958, they won the Star North American Championships at the Tred Avon Yacht Club.

The International Etchells Class, originally called the Etchells 22 because it had a 22-foot waterline length, was designed as part of a competition to select a new three-man keelboat for the Olympics. Despite emerging as clearly the fastest boat in two sets of selection trials in Germany, in 1966 and 1967, the boat was not picked for the Olympics. However it has become a tremendously popular racing class, with about 1,500 boats built, sailing in more than 50 fleets around the world.

References
Encyclopædia Britannica
Yachting.org
Etchells International Association

Etchells, E.W.
Etchells, E.W.
American boat builders
American yacht designers
Etchells, E.W.
Star class world champions
Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning alumni
20th-century American architects
World champions in sailing for the United States
University of Michigan alumni
20th-century American sportsmen
Gel (disambiguation). A gel is a complex solid but fluid substance with liquid-like properties.

Gel may also refer to:

Personal care 
 Hair gel, a gel used for setting hair styles which makes it stay still
 Shower gel, a cosmetic body wash
 Personal lubricant used for sexual purposes

Pharmaceutics and physical chemistry 
 Gel cap, a gelatinous capsule in which a drug is held
 Aerogel, a gel that has been dehydrated under supercritical conditions such that the liquid has been replaced with gas
 Hydrogel or aquagel, a water-insoluble polymer
 Sol-gel, a colloidal suspension that can be gelled to form a solid
 Xerogel, a dried gel that, when heated, becomes a dense glass

Entertainment 
 Color gel, a transparent colored material used to shade stage lighting for plays and film
 Gel, a fictional character in the manga series Hunter × Hunter
 Gel, American hardcore punk band

Other uses 
 Gel (dessert), a dessert made with sweetened and flavored gelatin
 Gel conference
 Gel pen
Gelling (Arunachal Pradesh), location in India
 Georgian lari, by ISO 4217 currency code
 Group Exemption Letter, issued by the United States Internal Revenue Service
 Lichk, Armenia, formerly Gël
 Silica gel
 ut-Ma'in language

See also 
 
 
 Agar
 Collagen
 Colloid
 Gelatin
 Jelly (disambiguation)
Performance Application Programming Interface. In computer science, Performance Application Programming Interface (PAPI) is a portable interface (in the form of a library) to  hardware performance counters on modern microprocessors. It is being widely used to collect low level performance metrics (e.g. instruction counts, clock cycles, cache misses) of computer systems running UNIX/Linux operating systems.

PAPI provides predefined high level hardware events summarized from popular processors and direct access to low level native events of one particular processor. Counter multiplexing and overflow handling are also supported.

Operating system support for accessing hardware counters is needed to use PAPI.

For example, prior to 2010, a Linux/x86 kernel had to be patched with a performance monitoring counters driver (perfctr link) to support PAPI.
Since Linux version 2.6.32, and PAPI 2010 releases, PAPI can leverage the existing perf subsystem in Linux, and thus does not need any out of tree driver to be functional anymore.

Supported Operating Systems and requirements are listed in the official repository's documentation INSTALL.txt.

See also 
 Performance analysis

Further reading 
 A Portable Programming Interface for Performance Evaluation on Modern Processors / International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications archive Volume 14 Issue 3, August 2000, Pages 189-204 doi:10.1177/109434200001400303 
 Dongarra, Jack, et al. "Using PAPI for hardware performance monitoring on Linux systems" // Conference on Linux Clusters: The HPC Revolution. Vol. 5. Linux Clusters Institute, 2001.

External links 
 Official site
 Philip Mucci, Performance Monitoring with PAPI / Dr.Dobbs, June 01, 2005
 Development of a PAPI Backend for the Sun Niagara 2 Processor, 2009

Profilers
Software optimization