omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Codd-neck bottle. A Codd-neck bottle (more commonly known as a Codd bottle or a marble bottle) is a type of bottle used for carbonated drinks. It has a closing design based on a glass marble which is held against a rubber seal, which sits within a recess in the lip.

Design

In 1872, soft-drink maker Hiram Codd of Camberwell, London, designed and patented a bottle designed specifically for carbonated drinks. The bottle was designed and manufactured with thick glass to withstand internal pressure, and a chamber to enclose a marble and a rubber washer in the neck. The bottles are filled upside down, and pressure of the gas in the bottle forces the marble against the washer, sealing in the carbonation. This use of pressure to aid in containment can be seen in other types of check valve.

The bottle is pinched into a special shape to provide a chamber into which the marble is pushed to open the bottle. This prevents the marble from blocking the neck as the drink is poured. Some older examples had the bullet shape of soda bottles.

Popularity 

Soon after its introduction, the bottle became extremely popular with the soft-drink and brewing industries mainly in Europe, India and Australasia, though some alcohol drinkers disdained the use of the bottle. One etymology of the term codswallop originates from beer sold in Codd's bottles, though this is generally dismissed as a folk etymology.

The bottles were regularly produced for many decades, but gradually declined in usage after the introduction of the steel crown cork bottlecap. Since children smashed the bottles to retrieve the marbles, vintage bottles are relatively scarce and have become collector items, particularly in the UK. Bilas, a company in Portugal, created a drink named after the bottle design (Pirulito). However, the marble inside did not seal the liquid; instead it was a normal cap which could be removed without breaking the bottle.

Codd bottles are still used for the Japanese soft drink Ramune and the Indian drink Banta.

See also 
 List of bottle types, brands and companies

References 

Carbonated drinks
Glass bottles
Bottles
1872 introductions
British inventions
Passage SAS. Passage SAS, formerly "ERAM-industry", is a subsidiary of the Group Eram, specialising in the manufacturing of anti-slip coatings, signage, and interior and exterior urban equipment.

History
Established in 1977, Eram's first business activity was to produce shoe soles from synthetic materials. Beginning in 1978, Eram started to specialize in the production of tennis courts made from resin and polyurethane pellets, thus creating Terre Battue Synthétique (Synthetic Clay) and the "TBS" brand.

In 1979, "TBS" developed applications for its anti-slip coatings  in the world of sailing. Eric Tabarly collaborated in the development of the material which he went on to test on his boat Paul Ricard  when taking part in the Lorient-Bermuda-Lorient transatlantic race. Since 1983, yachtsmen such as Philippe Jeantot, Florence Arthaud and Pierre Follenfant have been equipped with TBS anti-slip products, thus contributing to the promotion of the image of TBS anti-slip in the field of racing. In collaboration with Renault, "TBS anti-slip" equipped assembly areas and work stations. At the same time, the brand developed construction applications, in particular by supplying the nosing for the Paris metro steps and equipping the pedestrian zones in cities such as Lyon, Lille and Bordeaux.

In 1992, TBS developed a new range of products designed for risk prevention and accessibility in the construction and transport sectors.

During the summer of 2009, TBS worked on two sailing projects. They equipped the challenger 67 from the "Voile australe" group, and the expedition boat "Xplore Expeditions" with anti-slip equipment. TBS signed a partnership agreement for these two projects. The first fighting for equality of opportunities and the second for saving ecological heritage.

In June 2010, Eram changed its business name and became Passage SAS.

External links  
http://www.kelmagasin.com/enseignes/tbs.html
http://www.voile-australe.com/en/podorange-bateau.php
https://web.archive.org/web/20111026014938/http://www.xplore-expeditions.com/1-16360-French-Home-Page.php
https://web.archive.org/web/20101025092224/http://www.eram-industrie.fr/

Manufacturing companies of France
Companies based in Pays de la Loire
Synthetic ecosystems. Synthetic ecosystems are on-chip integrated devices where cellular cultures (individuals) and ecosystem services - such as the renewal of growth, delivery of  regulatory signals as well as removal of waste - are patterned into an integrated fluidic device using principles of landscape ecology, physiology and cell signaling.

References  
Klitgord N, Segrè D (2010) Environments that Induce Synthetic Microbial Ecosystems. PLoS Comput Biol 6(11): e1001002. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1001002

Systems ecology
Artificial ecosystems
Oréos 2X. The Oreos 2X is a 22-place electric low-floor minibus of the Gepebus line, made by Power Vehicle Innovation. The Oreos 2X is among the first electric vehicles of this kind to be produced in France. Entirely electric, this minibus lowers the environmental impact of transport for local authorities or private actors in need of this kind of vehicle.

Technical characteristics 
 Maximal speed: more than 
 Range: 
 Energy recovery rate (during brake or deceleration phases) : around 20%
The Oreos 2X uses lithium-ion batteries which can be recharged without the use of a battery charger, because this charger is included in the bus.

Equipment 
The Oreos 2X has been designed for the transportation of a maximum number of 22 people, including 13 seated places.
The bus can also be equipped with a disabled people access system.

Operation 
Oreos 2X are running in the public transport network of the cities of Provins (Seine-et-Marne, France) operated by Procars, and in the city of Chevreuse (Yvelines, France), operated by SAVAC.

See also 

 Electric bus
 Oréos 4X
 Gepebus
 Power Vehicle Innovation
 List of buses

External links
 The Oréos 2X on PVI's website
 Procars.com
 Savac.fr

References 
 

Battery electric buses
Minibuses
Low-floor buses
Oréos 4X. The Oréos 4X is a 49-places electric midibus of the Gepebus' line of products, from Power Vehicle Innovation. Made for the operating of some urban regular lines, or also a private usage (for example airport shuttles), the Oreos 4X is among the first entirely electric autobuses produced in France. This clean vehicle belongs to a new generation, more efficient for the power than the older models, and therefore helps to reduce the environmental impact of the transport in the cities.

Technical characteristics 
 Maximal speed : more than 
 Range : 
 Energy recovery rate (during brake or deceleration phases) : around 20%
The Oreos 4X uses lithium-ion batteries which can be recharged without the use of a separate battery charger, as a charger is included in the bus.

Equipment 
The Oreos 4X has been designed for the transportation of a maximum number of 49 people, including 25 seated places. The bus can also be equipped with a disabled people access system.

Operation 
The city of Coulommiers (Seine-et-Marne) through Transdev currently operates some Oreos 4X.

See also 

 Electric bus
 Oréos 2X
 Gepebus
 Power Vehicle Innovation
 List of buses

External links
 The Oréos 4X on PVI's website

Battery electric buses
Midibuses
Low-floor buses
Gepebus. Gépébus is a trademarked private sector brand name for electric autobuses made by Power Vehicle Innovation for use in mass public transportation.

History
In the 1990s Power Vehicle Innovation was among the first to offer fully electric buses, namely the Oréos 22 and Oréos 55 (Montmartrobus operated by the RATP in Paris' 18th arrondissement (Montmartre) being one example).

Products
 The Oréos 2X : a 22-places electric minibus with a range of 120 km.
 The Oréos 4X : a 49-places electric midibus with a range of 120 km.

References

External links
 Gépébus' branding on PVI's website

Electric buses
Public transport
Indo Global Colleges. The Indo Global Colleges are a group of private, self-financed institutes located in Abhipur, Punjab, India. The colleges were established in 2003 by the Indo Global Education Foundation (IGEF) and are affiliated to Punjab Technical University (PTU), offering various courses in engineering, architecture and management at bachelor and master levels.

Campus

The Indo Global Colleges are located at Indo Global Education City, extending over an area of  in the village Abhipur of the Mohali district of Punjab.

The campus contains campuses for each college. There is also an IBM Center of Excellence at the Engineering campus.

Academics 
The Indo Global Colleges currently consist of four colleges.   The college of engineering offers four-year Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech.), and two-year Master of Technology (M.Tech.) degrees in various engineering fields. The college of architecture offers a five-year program awarding Bachelor of Architecture (B.Arch.), the college of education offers a one-year Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) programme.  The college of management offers a two-year Master of Business Administration (MBA). All the colleges are affiliated to Punjab Technical University and the programmes are approved by the All India Council for Technical Education.

Events and functions
IGEF has organized various events and functions to promote student culture in the institute. "Lamhe" is Indo Global Colleges annual fest being organized every year regarding freshers who joined college in respected year. It has been organized every year since 2003. "Leap" is a placement drive organized in 2010.

References

External links

 Official Website

Universities and colleges in Punjab, India
2003 establishments in Punjab, India
Educational institutions established in 2003
Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar district
Norbert Pohlmann. Norbert Pohlmann (born 20 March 1960) is a computer scientist and a professor at the . He is also chairman of the board of the IT security association TeleTrusT.

Career 
Born in Ratingen, Pohlmann studied electrical engineering from 1981 to 1985, specialising in computer science. He wrote his doctoral thesis on "Possibilities and Limitations of Firewall Systems".

He was managing director at KryptoKom, a company for information security and communication technology, from 1988 to 1999. After a merger with Utimaco Safeware AG, he was a member of the company's board from 1999 to 2003. Since 2003, Pohlmann has been professor in the computer science department for distributed systems and information security, and director of the institute for internet security, at the , a university of applied science.

Pohlmann was one of the founders of the IT security association TeleTrusT, which has established reliable conditions for trustworthy application of information and communication technologies. He has been member of the board since 1994, and chairman of the board since April 1998. Pohlmann was one of the initiators of the Information Security Solutions Europe (ISSE) and chairman of the ISSE program committee of the ISSE conference.

He is also a member of the board of eco (Association of the Internet Industry) as well as a member of the academic council of the GDD, the German association for data protection and data security. He was a member of the permanent stakeholders' group of the ENISA (European Union Agency for Network and Information Security) from 2005 to 2010.

In the summer term 2013, Pohlmann was a visiting professor at Stanford University.

Awards 
 Rudolf-Thoma Prize of VDE (Association for Electrical, Electronic & Information Technology) for the best final grade in the graduation year 1985
 1997 City of Aachen's Prize for Innovation and Technology for his scientific and entrepreneurial performance.
 2011 Professor of the Year in the category "Engineering / Informatics", awarded by the German students magazine Unicum.

Publications 
 Firewall Architecture for the Enterprise, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, USA, 2002 .
 Firewall-Systeme - Sicherheit für Internet und Intranet, E-Mail-Security, Virtual Private Network, Intrusion Detection System, Personal Firewalls MITP-Verlag, Bonn 2003 .
 Virtual Private Network (VPN) MITP-Verlag, Bonn 2003 
 Der IT-Sicherheitsleitfaden MITP-Verlag, Bonn 2006 
 Sicher im Internet: Tipps und Tricks für das digitale Leben'' orell füssli Verlag, Zürich 2010

References

External links 
 
 CV Norbert Pohlmann
 Books by Pohlmann as PDF
 Institute for Internet Security  (Institut für Internetsicherheit an der Westfälischen Hochschule)

German computer scientists
People from Ratingen
1960 births
Living people
Universal Power Adapter for Mobile Devices. The Universal Power Adapter for Mobile Devices (UPAMD), codename IEEE 1823-2015 (before approval P1823), is an IEEE standard for power supply design intended to cater to the power range of  (optionally  for mobile devices like laptop computers. 
The power supply was required to have an output capacitive energy of less than  and an inductive energy at disconnect of less than .

The standard defines an AC adapter to power devices requiring from   or (extended voltage option) up to    A new connector (that does not mate with any previously existing connector) is proposed for a lifetime of about ten years with multiple brands and models. This minimum life of adapter was hoped to reduce electronic waste.

A common direct current power plug is intended to make life easier by eliminating the confusion regarding what voltage and current transformer one needs to buy and carry.  This can help mobile devices, laptops, many consumer electronic devices, office devices like Ethernet switches/hubs, and wireless routers to use the same power adapter around the world.

This specification defines a communication channel between device and adapter, to negotiate the requirements and supply.

Usage 
There seem to be no known examples of commercial deployments of UPAMD in end-user devices. When asked about deployment in 2019, the chair for IEEE 1823 working group wrote the following:

History 
The Standards Association of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) approved the Universal Power Adapter for Mobile Devices working group on June 17, 2010.
The project was sponsored by the Microprocessor Standards Committee of the IEEE Computer Society.

On 15 May 2015 the standard was published as IEEE Std 1823-2015.

See also 
 USB Power Delivery Rev. 3.1 - includes Standard Power Range (SPR) mode with up to 100 W of power (20 V @ 4 A) and Extended Power Range (EPR) mode with up to 240 W of power (48 V @ 5 A)
 IEC 62700 "IEC Technical Specification 62700: DC Power supply for notebook computer"
 Common external power supply for smartphones (EN 62684:2010 / IEC 62684:2011)

References

External links 
IEEE 1823-2015 - IEEE Standard for Universal Power Adapter for Mobile Devices - IEEE

DC power connectors
IEEE standards
Power supplies
Laptops
Battery charging
Moswey III. The Moswey III is a Swiss mid-wing, single-seat, gull winged glider that was designed by Georg Mueller and produced by Moswey Segelflugzeug-Werke.

Design and development
The Moswey series of gliders was developed prior to the Second World War in 1938. The third model was the first one to achieve full production status.

The aircraft is built from wood. The fuselage is a monocoque design, while the wings and tail surfaces are a wooden frame covered in doped aircraft fabric covering. The fuselage is of a hexagonal section forward and a diamond section aft. The fuselage is built upon a main keel beam that also contains the control runs. The  span wing is a gulled design, employing a Goettingen 535 airfoil, with air brakes for glidepath control. The structure is stressed for aerobatics at +/-12g.

The Moswey III was constructed by building the fuselage around a large tube, which was then removed after construction.

The cockpit is noted for its small dimensions, with the wing roots providing the pilot's shoulder and elbow room.

The Moswey III was not type certified and at least 30 were built.

Operational history
One Moswey III was imported into the United States and remains on the Federal Aviation Administration aircraft registry in the Experimental - Racing/Exhibition category.

Specifications (Moswey III)

See also

References

1930s Swiss sailplanes
Izuhakone 1100 series. The  was an electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by the private railway operator Izuhakone Railway on its Sunzu Line in Japan from 1989 until 2012.

The 1100 series was converted from former Seibu 701 series EMUs.

The last remaining set, 1009, was withdrawn from service in June 2012.

Formation
Sets were formed as follows.

The M car was fitted with two pantographs.

References

Train-related introductions in 1989
Electric multiple units of Japan
Izuhakone Sunzu Line
Efi Arazi. Efraim R. "Efi" Arazi () (14 April 1937 – 14 April 2013) was an Israeli technology pioneer and businessman.

Education
Arazi enrolled as a cadet to study electronics in the Israel Defense Forces at the Air Force Technological Academy, He earned an engineering degree in the 1960s at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (he was accepted to MIT via the "extraordinary cases" as he did not have a matriculation certificate).

Business career
Arazi began his career in the United States.  He returned to Israel in June 1967. In 1968 he founded and headed Scitex Corporation (renamed Scailex Corporation in 2005), an Israel-based multi-national company that specialized in developing and manufacturing hardware and software for the graphics design, printing, and publishing markets. It was the first Israeli high-tech firm, and at its peak employed 4,000 people. Arazi stepped down as CEO and president of Scitex on 1 June 1988, but continued to serve as chairman of the board of directors of the company (a position to which he had been appointed on 1 May 1985) until 18 January 1989, when Robert Maxwell's Mirror Group acquired a 27% stake in the company and Maxwell was appointed chairman.

In 1988 Arazi founded EFI - Electronics for Imaging. He later became CEO of iMedia, a developer of tools for cable, satellite, and terrestrial television operators to manage compressed digital video.

At the time of his death, Arazi was chairman of Seerun Ltd.

The term "computer art" 
On the title page of the magazine Computers and Automation, January 1963, Edmund Berkeley published a picture by Efraim Arazi from 1962, coining for it the term "computer art." This picture inspired him to initiate the first Computer Art Contest in 1963. The annual contest was a key point in the development of computer art up to the year 1973.

The Efi Arazi School of Computer Science 
The Efi Arazi School of Computer Science is part of IDC (Interdisciplinary Center in Herzliya), Israel's first private university. The school was founded in 1996, and named after Efi Arazi in 2003.

References

External links

Israeli chief executives
MIT School of Engineering alumni
1937 births
2013 deaths
Place of birth missing
Daniel Joseph Jaffé. Daniel Joseph Jaffé (2 November 1876 – 11 June 1921) was a British civil engineer. He was the younger son of Martin Jaffé and nephew of Sir Otto Jaffé. Jaffe Road, a street in Wan Chai and Causeway Bay, Hong Kong was named after him.

Early life and education
Daniel Jaffé was born in London to the Jaffe family and educated at City & Guilds Westminster, earning a diploma of associate (A.C.G.I.). In 1896, he was articled for three years as civil engineer to Sir James Mansergh, who was famous as a waterworks consulting engineer.

Career

He spent time on the Elan Valley Aqueduct and was later assistant to one of the resident engineers up to December 1901. On 14 January 1902 he became associate member of the Institution of Civil Engineers (A.M.I.C.E.). Later that year, he went to Hong Kong as Assistant Engineer in the Public Works Department. In 1904 he became Acting Executive Engineer and from January 1906 was Executive Engineer.

He was responsible for the Tytam (also spelt Tai Tam) waterworks with intermediate dam, later the 2nd section of the Tytam Tuk with the construction of the then-largest dam in the Far East, which was officially opened by Sir Henry May, then governor of the territory, in February 1918. He was also responsible for the typhoon shelter at Mong Kok Tsui.

He went home on leave in 1918, suffering from sprue and inflammation of the liver, and was invalided out of the Colonial Service in autumn 1919. He spent considerable time in Eversleigh Hospital for Tropical Diseases suffering from pernicious anaemia. Jaffe died in Croydon in 1921.

References
 Obituary, in The China Mail, 1921-09-07, p. 1. copy

External links
 Picture of the Memorial Stone (1918) of the Tai Tam Tuk Reservoir, mentioning "D. Jaffe"

1876 births
1921 deaths
British people of German-Jewish descent
Engineers from London
British civil engineers
Hong Kong civil servants
N.V. Vliegtuigbouw 013 Sagitta. The N.V. Vliegtuigbouw 013 Sagitta () is a Dutch mid-wing, single-seat Standard Class glider designed by Piet Alsema and produced by N.V. Vliegtuigbouw.

The aircraft is reported by different sources under a variety of different names and designations. Sources label it the Alsema Sagitta, Vliegtuigbouw Sagitta, N.V. Vliegtuigbouw 013 Sagitta, Dutch Sagitta, N.V. Vliegtuigbouw Sagitta 013 and N.V. Vliegtuigbouw Sagitta-013. The US type certificate erroneously lists it as the N.V. VLIEGTUIGBOUW Segitta (sic) 013 and catalogs it in their database under Vilegtuigbouw (sic), N.V., 013.

Design and development
The Sagitta was designed by Alsema between 1957-61 specifically for the then-new FAI Standard Class. Like other early standard class gliders it was quickly surpassed in performance by newer fibreglass aircraft.

The Sagitta has a wooden structure. The fuselage is covered with plywood, the wings and tail surfaces with plywood and doped aircraft fabric covering. The  span wing features top and bottom air brakes and employs NACA 63-618 airfoil at the wing root, and a NACA 4412 section at the wing tip. The controls are automatically connected on assembly. The bubble canopy slides aft for cockpit access and can be locked open in several positions in flight. The landing gear is a fixed monowheel.

In the Netherlands the aircraft was certified for cloud flying and aerobatics, but its US certification does not include these authorizations. The type received its US type certificate on 2 August 1965.

Twenty Sagittas were built.

Operational history
In July 2011 six Sagittas were still registered with the US Federal Aviation Administration.

Variants
Sagitta Prototype first flown on 4 July 1960.
Sagitta 2FAI Standard Class model with  wingspan.
Super Sagitta
FAI Open Class model with  wingspan

Aircraft on display
Aviodrome, Lelystad Airport, Netherlands

Specifications (Sagitta)

See also

Notes

References

External links

Sagitta photos

1960s Dutch sailplanes
Glider aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1960
Spriggite. Spriggite is an uranyl hydroxide mineral with chemical formula Pb3(UO2)6O8(OH)2·3H2O. Its type locality is Mt Painter region, Arkaroola region, Flinders Ranges, South Australia. It was named after Reginald C. Sprigg (1919–1994).

References 

Oxide minerals
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 15
Biofabrication (journal). Biofabrication is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research that leads to the fabrication of advanced biological models, medical therapeutic products, and non-medical biological systems. The editor-in-chief is Wei Sun (Drexel University).

Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2023 impact factor of 8.2.

References

External links
 

IOP Publishing academic journals
Materials science journals
Academic journals established in 2009
Quarterly journals
English-language journals
Biomaterials