omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
USNS Bald Eagle. USNS Bald Eagle (T-AF-50) was a Maritime Commission type C2-S-B1 cargo ship delivered to the War Shipping Administration (WSA) in May 1943. The ship was operated by WSA agent shipping companies until July 1948 when laid up in the James River Reserve Fleet briefly before beginning operation for the U.S. Army in October. When the Navy's Military Sea Transportation Service (MSTS) took over all military ocean shipping in 1950 the ship was transferred to operate as one of six refrigerated cargo ships in the MSTS fleet until July 1970 as USNS Bald Eagle. The ship was permanently transferred to Maritime Commission custody in September 1971 and sold for scrap in 1973.

History
Bald Eagle was built as a Maritime Commission type C2-S-B1 hull number 217, under Maritime Commission contract 186 at Moore Dry Dock Company, Oakland, California. She was delivered to the War Shipping Administration, 28 May 1943 and given the U.S. Official Number 243368. From delivery until 9 September 1946 United States Lines operated the ship as the WSA agent. On that date Pacific Far East Lines operated the ship under bareboat charter until 2 May 1947. From then several companies acted as agents until the ship entered the Reserve Fleet 30 July 1948.

On 4 October the ship was turned over to the U.S Army under bareboat charter to operate as an Army transport. In 1950, with the organization of the Department of Defense, all such transport was transferred to the Military Sea Transportation Service. Bald Eagle was transferred on 1 March 1950 to operate as one of MSTS' six refrigerated cargo ships with the designation T-AF-50. The ship had a crew of 55 and had  of chill/freeze cargo capacity making regular runs between the United States east coast and northern Europe.

On 16 July 1970 Bald Eagle was taken out of service and transferred to Maritime Commission custody with permanent transfer on 1 September. On 1 March 1973 the hull was sold to Andy International, Inc. for $75,666.66 and physically delivered from the James River Reserve Fleet for scrapping 1 June.

Military awards and honors 

Bald Eagles crew was eligible for the following medals:
 National Defense Service Medal

References

External links 

 NavSource Online: Service Ship Photo Archive - T-AF-50 Bald Eagle

Type C2-S-B1 ships
Ships built in Oakland, California
1942 ships
World War II merchant ships of the United States
Alstede-class stores ships
Type C2-S-B1 ships of the United States Navy
Advanced Debugger. The advanced debugger adb is a debugger that first appeared in Seventh Edition UNIX. It is found on Solaris, HP-UX, SCO and Venix. It is the successor of a debugger called db.

Overview
The initial version was written by Stephen R. Bourne.

ADB was provided with Solaris until Solaris 8 (2000), when it was replaced by the Modular Debugger (mdb) with Solaris 8 (2000) and the ADB command-line interface now is emulated by mdb when it is called as adb. Mdb has become open source with OpenSolaris. The SunOS kernel debugger kadb that was introduced with SunOS 3.5 (1986) is a minor variant of adb.

See also
dbx

References

External links
A Tutorial Introduction to ADB. J. F. Maranzano, S. R. Bourne / Bell Laboratories 

Debuggers
AAR type A switcher truck. AAR Type A trucks were first introduced with EMD locomotives sold in 1935; they were a  success, became standard on EMD switcher locomotives into the 1970s, and were also used on various other makers' locomotives.  Their initial design was a collaboration between Martin P Blomberg at EMD and the originating foundry General Steel Industries. Intended for industrial plant and rail yard shunting duty, this truck has a basic suspension system with drop equalizers, secondary leaf springs and primary coil springs, which provide adequate damping and relatively simplified maintenance. It does not have swing hangers as may be seen in higher-speed designs such as the Blomberg B.

See also 
 Blomberg B
 Bogie

Bogie
Volterra Semiconductor. Volterra Semiconductor, commonly known as "Volterra," was acquired by Maxim Integrated in October 2013. Volterra was a fabless semiconductor company that designed and manufactured mixed-signal integrated circuits used in power management applications.  The company was founded in 1996 and was headquartered in Fremont, California, United States.

Volterra became a public company via an initial public offering of its stock at $8.00 per share on July 29, 2004.

Product line
Volterra's product line consisted primarily of integrated circuits and chipsets that manage power for low voltage, extremely high current applications, such as desktop and notebook PC and workstation motherboards, network servers, and video controllers.

The company directly employed about 200-500 people and reported net revenue of $39.9 million for the first quarter of 2013.

Volterra is named for Vito Volterra, an Italian mathematician and physicist, who is best known as the father of the Volterra series.

References

Defunct semiconductor companies of the United States
Companies based in Fremont, California
Fabless semiconductor companies
Electronics companies established in 1996
Technology companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area
Companies formerly listed on the Nasdaq
2004 initial public offerings
2013 mergers and acquisitions
Defunct computer companies of the United States
Defunct computer hardware companies
PKP class SM25. The SM25 (factory designation 9D350) is a Polish series of diesel shunter used by PKP.

History
Plans for a locomotive with Voith hydraulic transmission (the first of its kind in Poland) were drawn up between the years of 1959 and 1960, alongside the design for the SN80 DMU — though the latter did not make use of the Voith system. The new locomotives were intended to replace the obsolete SM30 series — however, the SM30 was still being built long after production of the SM25 had ceased.

Manufacture of the SM25 began in 1961 and came to an end in 1963. During these years only three units rolled off the Fablok production line in Chrzanów, due to the severe difficulty in importing the hydraulic transmission units from Voith.

The three that were built were sent to the depot in Kraków where they remained in service until the late-1970s when they were sold to industry.

One example — SM25-002 (serial number 5427), built in 1962 — has been preserved as an exhibit at the Warsaw Railway Museum.

Technical data
The SM25 is a C locomotive. This means that there are three powered axles under the unit. They are not articulated relative to other parts of the locomotive and are driven via hydraulic transmission. The locomotive is powered by a four-stroke diesel engine. The SM25 had several improvements over previous classes in the SM series. The most notable being the revised positioning of the cab — which had been soundproofed — and platforms, with the intent of providing optimal conditions for shunting.

See also
Polish locomotives designation

References

Railway locomotives introduced in 1961
Diesel–hydraulic locomotives of Poland
SM25
Fablok locomotives
Standard gauge locomotives of Poland
Shunting locomotives
Incinerator bottom ash. Incinerator bottom ash (IBA) is a form of ash produced in incineration facilities. This material is discharged from the moving grate of municipal solid waste incinerators. Once IBA is processed by removing contaminants, it can be used as an aggregate. Following processing, the material is termed IBA aggregate or processed IBA. The aggregate uses include:

 Bulk fill
 Asphalt
 Cement bound materials
 Lightweight blocks
 Pavement concrete

Alternatively, if there are no local markets for the IBA the material is disposed of in a landfill.

Recovery 
IBA is a secondary source of ferrous and non-ferrous (NFe) metals. Between 5-15% of the bottom ash is made up of ferrous materials, and 1-5% is NFe. Despite glass making up 10-30% of IBA, it is not systematically recovered in any processing plants. On average, 63 kg of ferrous materials are removed from a single tonne of ash.

Risks
Foam concrete made from IBA led to an explosion in the United Kingdom in 2009. It was discovered that the aluminum in the concrete can form hydrogen gas deposits while the concrete sets. The Health and Safety Executive updated their guidelines to suggest IBA aggregates can only be poured in open air, in well ventilated areas, and no spark generating tools, such as disc cutters and angle grinders, can be used during setting.

See also

 Waste-to-energy
 Bottom ash
 Application areas of incinerator bottom ash

References

Concrete
Incineration
Warm air intake. A warm air intake (WAI) also known as a hot air intake (HAI), is a system to decrease the amount of the air going into a car for the purpose of increasing the fuel economy of the internal-combustion engine. 

This term is sometimes used erroneously to refer to a short ram air intake, which is another engine modification that aims to improve power output by increasing the static air pressure inside the intake manifold.

Operation
All warm air intakes operate on the principle of decreasing the amount of oxygen available for combustion with fuel. Warm air from inside the engine bay is used opposed to air taken from the generally more restrictive stock intake.  Warmer air is less dense, and thus contains less oxygen to burn fuel in.  The car's ECU compensates by opening the throttle wider to admit more air.  This, in turn, decreases the resistance the engine must overcome to suck air in.  The net effect is for the engine to intake the same amount of oxygen (and thus burn the same amount of fuel, producing the same power) but with less pumping losses, allowing for a gain in fuel economy, at the expense of top-end power.

Opposite principle of a cold air intake (CAI) which significantly differs by collecting air from a colder source outside the engine.

In the extreme, a warm air intake can eliminate the need for a conventional throttle and thus eliminate throttle losses.

See also 
Carburetor heat
Early fuel evaporator

References 

Engine technology
Biman Bangladesh Airlines subsidiaries. Biman Bangladesh Airlines subsidiaries include a number of ancillary and maintenance facilities established to facilitate the operations of Biman Bangladesh Airlines, the national carrier of Bangladesh. Biman's subsidiaries are associated with aircraft ground handling, aviation engineering, aviation training and flight catering.

Among these wholly owned subsidiaries are Biman Flight Catering Centre; Biman Poultry Complex; Biman Ground Handling; Bangladesh Airlines Training Centre; and Biman Engineering.

Commercial divisions

Biman Flight Catering Centre

Biman Flight Catering Centre (BFCC) was set up in October 1989, to produce in-flight meals. It is one of Biman's most profitable operations; employing 2000 people.
BFCC has the capacity of producing 8,500 meals a day and along with Biman, it also provides meals to Saudia Airlines, Etihad, Malaysia Airlines, Thai Airways, Emirates, China Southern Airlines and Regent Airways.

Biman Poultry Complex
The Biman Poultry Complex (BPC) is a poultry farming complex located  northwest of Dhaka City, in the Savar district. The complex encompasses  of land including  of poultry sheds, a  residential area, and  of agricultural land. 

The poultry industry in Bangladesh was partly pioneered by the Biman subsidiary in the mid-1970s, although the first poultry in Bangladesh was a private venture named "Eggs and Hens" established in 1964. The medium-sized breeder set up by BPC eventually led to NGOs and the government coming forward to develop the sector in early 1990. Poultry now has "a significant role" in providing low-cost dietary protein to the Bangladesh population.

Bird flu was detected at one of the farms in March 2007, which resulted in many livestock being culled. This was the first incident of bird flu in Bangladesh.

Other

Biman Ground Handling 
Biman provides ground handling and cargo handling services to all airlines operating in Bangladesh, in all airports. Established along with Biman Bangladesh Airlines in 1972, it generated profits of BDT 4.5 billion in the FY 2011–2012, making it one of the most profitable subsidiary of Biman.

Bangladesh Airlines Training Center 

Biman Bangladesh Airlines Training Center (BATC) trains its ground, flight service and technical personnel to meet the growing needs of Biman's manpower. The center, founded in 1987, has also been turned into a seat of training and technical seminars for local travel agents and some foreign airlines.

Biman Engineering 
The aviation engineering division of Biman Bangladesh Airlines was separated from the commercial division in 2004. This step was taken in order to turn engineering independently profitable from the commercial ventures listed above.

This subsidiary is located in Biman's Engineering Hangar at Shahjalal International Airport in Dhaka.

References 

Biman Bangladesh Airlines
Lists of corporate subsidiaries
Brooke-class frigate. The Brooke class was a United States Navy frigate class based on the design of the , but with the addition of the Tartar Guided Missile System. The first unit was commissioned in 1966 and the final sixth unit was decommissioned in 1989.



Description
Brooke-class ships were nearly identical to the Garcia class, except the second 5-inch/38 caliber gun was replaced with a Tartar missile system and electronics. Brooke class ships also had the AN/SPS-52 3D air search radar instead of the two dimension AN/SPS-40 and added the AN/SPG-51 for target tracking and missile guidance. The Mk 22 single arm missile launcher was placed amidships. The magazine held 16 missiles.

FFG-1 through FFG-3 had a Westinghouse geared steam turbine while FFG-4 through FFG-6 employed a General Electric turbine. All ships had two Foster Wheeler boilers. FFG-4 through FFG-6 had an angled base of the bridge structure behind the ASROC launcher for automatic reloading.

The Brooke class was originally designed to carry the DASH drone, but were later equipped with LAMPS SH-2 Seasprite after the hangar was enlarged.

 systems were evaluated on  including the Otobreda 76 mm gun, the AN/SQS-56 sonar and other systems.

Initially authorized as guided missile destroyer escorts (DEG), FFG-1 through FFG-3 were authorized in FY1962 while FFG-4 through FFG-6 were authorized in FY1963. Plans called for ten more ships to be authorized in FY1964 and possibly three more in later years, but those plans were dropped because of the $11 million higher cost of the DEG over an FF.

Units

Gallery

Notes

External links

Brooke-class guided missile frigates at Destroyer

 Brooke class frigates
 Brooke
 Brooke
Sony Rolly. Rolly was an egg-shaped digital robotic music player made by Sony, combining music functions with robotic dancing. It has two wheels that allow it to rotate and spin, as well as two bands of colored LED light running around its edge and cup-like "wings" (or "arms" according to the Sony sonystyle USA website) which can open and close on either end, all of which can be synchronized to the music being played.

Rolly has several operating modes, including Bluetooth functionality.  Rolly can play music streamed directly from any Bluetooth-enabled cell phone, computer, or mp3 player.  Rolly is able to dance along to streaming music, but the Rolly Choreographer software produces far better results when it analyzes tracks and creates motion files before loading them onto Rolly.  The Rolly player uses  files to store motion data along with a particular music track.  Pre-made motion files can be downloaded and uploaded from Rolly Go.

Rolly also has an accelerometer which detects if the player is laying horizontally or being held upright.  When held upright, the track next/previous can be controlled by the top wheel and volume up/down can be controlled by the bottom wheel.  Tracks can be shuffled by holding the unit upright, pressing the button once, then shaking the unit up and down (light color changes to purple).  You can return to continuous play (light color blue) by simply repeating this process.

Rolly has 2 gigabytes of flash memory to store music files. In some markets it came pre-loaded with the track Boogie Wonderland by Earth, Wind & Fire.

On August 20, 2007, Sony launched an initial teaser advertising campaign for the product. The product was unveiled on September 20, 2007, and went on sale in Japan on September 29, and was for sale at the Sony sonystyle USA website for $229.99 USD, down from $399.99 USD. It is available in black and white. Sony offers the "Engrave it." option for this item, and a number of accessories, including "arms" in different colors.

Around 2009, the Rolly appeared to be discontinued.

Sony BSP60
In 2015 Sony presented a Bluetooth speaker featuring a similar design and feature set as the Rolly boasted, with the addition of an OLED display and support for voice commands.

References

External links 

 Fan Page and Support For Rolly Sep 10/50 (Japanese Version) and Sep-30BT
 Sony Rolly - Era -Viral Video by Claw Films London
 Head and Neck Sessions vs. Sony Rolly
 Sony Rolly takes disco to the streets
 Sony Rolly dances to Footloose

Entertainment robots
Robotics at Sony
Sony products
Discontinued products
2007 robots
Products and services discontinued in 2009
Rolling robots
Audio players
Mallite. Mallite is a type of laminate composite material, formerly manufactured by the William Mallinson & Sons company. The material is formed of a core sheet of end grain balsa wood, faced by duralumin sheets. This construction endows the finished material with greater strength and rigidity than a light alloy sheet of equal mass. The material was originally developed in the late 1950s for use in the aerospace industry, primarily for use in flooring and internal partitioning in jet airliner construction. However, it found fame as one of the first engineered composite materials to be employed in the motorsport industry. Robin Herd, formerly a designer on the Concorde project, used his aerospace knowledge to design the first McLaren single-seater racing cars. The M2A prototype used Mallite extensively, throughout its construction. The final production model, the Formula One McLaren M2B of 1966, only used Mallite for its internal skins and lower bodywork; a lack of understanding of the material's properties had led the team to design the car with conventional curved bodywork, creating problems during the fabrication process as the inherently inflexible material would not readily conform to complex, compound curvatures. With greater understanding of Mallite's properties Herd later used the material to construct the unraced Cosworth four-wheel drive Formula One car of 1969, noted for its slab-sided, angular looks.

References
 

Composite materials
Brand name materials
John Langford (engineer). Dr. John S. Langford is the Founder and CEO of Electra.aero, a startup developing hybrid electric aircraft for regional mobility, flying the Electra EL-2 Goldfinch as a demonstrator.
He managed the MIT Daedalus human powered aircraft project while he was a student at MIT.
He founded Aurora Flight Sciences in 1989.
He was elected President of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) in April 2017.

Education and career
Langford received his Ph.D. from MIT in the field of aeronautics and public policy. He also received Bachelor and Master of Science degrees in aeronautics and astronautics and a Master of Science in defense policy and arms control from MIT.

He founded Aurora Flight Sciences in 1989 in order to design and manufacture high altitude UAVs that could be used for global climate change research, and was its President and C.E.O.
In 2004, Langford received Virginia’s Outstanding Industrialist award for his contribution to business development in Virginia.

In April 2017, John Langford was elected President of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA).
Aurora Flight Sciences was sold to Boeing in 2017.
In 2018, he was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering for the application of autonomy and robotics to the design, development, production, and operation of advanced aircraft.

See also
Estes Industries

References

American aerospace engineers
Living people
American chief executives
MIT School of Engineering alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Richard Grimsdale. Richard Lawrence Grimsdale (18 September 1929 – 6 December 2005) was a British electrical engineer and computer pioneer who helped to design the world's first transistorised computer.

Early life and education
Richard Lawrence Grimsdale was born on 18 September 1929 in Australia, where his father, an English engineer, was working on construction of the suburban railway system for the Metropolitan-Vickers company. The family returned to England, where he was educated at Manchester Grammar School, and then studied electrical engineering at the University of Manchester, where he earned his Bachelor of Science, his Master of Science in 1951, writing a thesis on Computing Machines - Design of Test Programmes, and subsequently his Doctor of Philosophy, writing his thesis on the Transistor Digital Computer under the supervision of Frederic Calland Williams.

Career
In 1953, whilst still a post-graduate research student at the University of Manchester, Grimsdale achieved one of the first major landmarks in his career with his design and development work on the Metrovick 950, the world's first computer made from transistors rather than valves or electromechanical devices. The computer used early point-contact transistors which were the first generation of transistors, however later developments of the machine used more advanced junction transistors which offered better performance.

Grimsdale also worked on the Ferranti Mark I computer, a commercial development of the Manchester Mark 1 computer. He also designed the 100-nanosecond read-only memory for the Atlas computer. He remained at the University of Manchester until 1960, then began to work at Associated Electrical Industries (AEI) as a research engineer. In 1967 he left AEI and joined the University of Sussex's electrical engineering faculty as a lecturer. His research at the University of Sussex included work on computer graphics, computer networking systems and VLSI accelerator chips for generating three-dimensional images.

Personal life
Grimsdale died from a heart infection at his home in Brighton on 6 December 2005. He was survived by his wife Shirley Roberts Grimsdale and daughters Susan and Kathryn.

References

1929 births
2005 deaths
British electrical engineers
British electronics engineers
Alumni of the University of Manchester
Academics of the University of Sussex
People educated at Manchester Grammar School
Cryopedology. Cryopedology is any study relating to soils at temperatures below 0 degrees Celsius, with a focus on intensive frost action and permanently frozen ground, permafrost, or perennially frozen ground, pergelisol. This includes their formation, decay, causes, occurrences, and engineering practices used to overcome difficulties from such frost action.  The term cryopedology was first introduced by geologist Kirk Bryan in 1946. Economic interests from road and facilities construction in the Arctic drive this area of study. 

The shapes into which frozen snow is blown by the wind (e.g. on the tundra) are said to be 'cryopedological formations'. The ways in which frozen snow behaves due to factors intrinsic to itself and relating to environments are 'cryopedological processes'.

References

External links 

 

Snow