omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
İzmir Institute of Technology. İzmir Institute of Technology (, commonly referred to as IZTECH) is a public research university in İzmir, Turkey. The university places a strong emphasis on the natural sciences and engineering, and it is the only institution of its kind in Turkey with a specific focus on scientific research. İzmir Institute of Technology is frequently recognized among Turkey's leading universities. The medium of instruction in all departments is English.

Organisation
Founded on July 11, 1992, İzmir Institute of Technology primarily focuses on the fields of science and technology. The university's main objectives include conducting research, providing education, and engaging in production, publication, and consultancy.

İzmir Institute of Technology has 16 academic departments, the majority of which are organized into three faculties. These departments are responsible for the undergraduate programs. Additionally, the university includes the Department of Foreign Languages and the Department of General Cultural Courses. The Graduate School of Engineering and Science is responsible for the postgraduate programs at İzmir Institute of Technology.

İzmir Technology Development Zone
İzmir Technology Development Zone (commonly referred to as IZTECH Teknopark) is a science and research park which occupies an area of  on the campus of IZTECH. Connection to the airport, seaport, and to the organised industrial districts is provided by the İzmir-Çeşme Highway. The zone has five buildings in  of enclosed space.

Criticism
İzmir Institute of Technology is known for its selective admissions and rigorous academic standards. Many students either drop out early or take longer than usual to complete their studies. Particularly in the Faculty of Engineering, only about half of the students graduate within the typical duration of their programs.

See also
 Institute of technology
 Gebze Technical University
 List of universities in İzmir

References

 
Technical universities and colleges in Turkey
Engineering universities and colleges in Turkey
Institutes of Technology in Turkey
Educational institutions established in 1992
1992 establishments in Turkey
Universities and colleges in İzmir
ISO/IEC 42010. ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010 Systems and software engineering — Architecture description is an international standard for architecture descriptions of systems and software.

Overview
ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010:2011 defines requirements on the description of system, software and enterprise architectures. It aims to standardise the practice of architecture description by defining standard terms, presenting a conceptual foundation for expressing, communicating and reviewing architectures and specifying requirements that apply to architecture descriptions, architecture frameworks and architecture description languages. Following its predecessor, IEEE 1471, the standard makes a strict distinction between architectures and architecture descriptions.

History 
The origin of the standard was the fast track international standardization of IEEE 1471:2000. The standard was originally balloted as ISO/IEC DIS 25961. It was subsequently adopted and published as ISO/IEC 42010:2007 which was identical with IEEE 1471:2000.

In 2006, ISO/IEC JTC1/SC7 WG 42 and IEEE Computer Society launched a coordinated revision of this standard to address: harmonization with ISO/IEC 12207 and ISO/IEC 15288; alignment with other ISO/IEC architecture standards (e.g. ISO/IEC 10746 Reference Model Open Distributed Processing); the specification of architecture frameworks and architecture description languages; architecture decision capture; and correspondences for model and view consistency.

In July 2011, the Final Draft International Standard was balloted and approved (21-0) by ISO member bodies. The corresponding IEEE version, P42010/D9, was approved as a revised standard by the IEEE-SA Standards Board on 31 October 2011. ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010:2011 was published by ISO on 24 November 2011.

In November 2022 the new edition ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010:2022 was released.

References

External links 
 ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010 website
 A documentation framework for architecture decisions based on 42010
 Views and Beyond: The SEI Approach to Architecture Documentation 
 Mega-modeling Architecture Framework (MEGAF) is an infrastructure for realizing architecture frameworks that conform to the definition of architecture framework provided in the ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010 standard.

42010
42010
42010
Software architecture
Spinplasmonics. Spinplasmonics is a field of nanotechnology combining spintronics and plasmonics. The field was pioneered by Professor Abdulhakem Elezzabi at the University of Alberta in Canada. In a simple  spinplasmonic device, light waves couple to electron spin states in a metallic structure. The most elementary spinplasmonic device consists of a bilayer structure made from magnetic and nonmagnetic metals. It is the nanometer scale interface between such metals that gives rise to an electron spin phenomenon. The plasmonic current is generated by optical excitation and its properties are manipulated by applying a weak magnetic field. Electrons with a specific spin state can cross the interfacial barrier, but those with a different spin state are impeded. Essentially, switching operations are performed with the electrons spin and then sent out as a light signal.

Spinplasmonic devices potentially have the advantages of high speed, miniaturization, low power consumption, and multifunctionality. On a length scale that is less than a single magnetic domain size, the interaction between atomic spins realigns the magnetic moments. Unlike semiconductor-based devices, smaller spinplasmonics devices are expected to be more efficient in transporting the spin-polarized electron current.

See also
 Plasmon
 Spintronics
 Spin pumping
 Spin transfer
 List of emerging technologies

References
A. Y. Elezzabi. (December 2007). "The dawn of spinplasmonics". Nano Today 2 (6), p. 48.

Further reading
Press release from the University of Alberta
Spinplasmonics: a new route for active plasmonics

Spintronics
Plasmonics
List of Airbus A350 orders and deliveries. This article lists the orders and deliveries for the Airbus A350 family, currently produced by Airbus.

Orders and deliveries

Orders and deliveries by type
The A350 family has 1,344 firm orders from 60 customers, of which Turkish Airlines is the largest with 110 orders. A total of 642 aircraft have been delivered .

In June 2023, the A350 family aircraft reached 1,000 orders.

Orders and deliveries by year

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Orders and deliveries by customer

Orders and deliveries graph

Operators & entry into service dates (Including number of aircraft in service)

See also
 List of Boeing 787 orders and deliveries
List of Airbus A350 operators

References

A350 orders
350

de:Airbus A350#Tabellarische Auflistung
Power gain. In electrical engineering, the power gain of an electrical network is the ratio of an output power to an input power. Unlike other signal gains, such as voltage and current gain, "power gain" may be ambiguous as the meaning of terms "input power" and "output power" is not always clear. Three important power gains are operating power gain, transducer power gain and available power gain. Note that all these definitions of power gains employ the use of average (as opposed to instantaneous) power quantities and therefore the term "average" is often suppressed, which can be confusing at occasions.

Operating power gain

The operating power gain of a two-port network, , is defined as:

where
 is the maximum time-averaged power delivered to the load, where the maximization is over the load impedance, i.e., we desire the load impedance which maximizes the time-averaged power delivered to the load.
 is the time-averaged input power to the network.

If the time-averaged input power depends on the load impedance, one must take the maximum of the ratio, not just the maximum of the numerator.

Transducer power gain

The transducer power gain of a two-port network, , is defined as:

where
 is the average power delivered to the load
 is the maximum available average power at the source

In terms of y-parameters this definition can be used to derive:

where
 is the load admittance
 is the source admittance

This result can be generalized to z, h, g and y-parameters as:

where
 is a z, h, g or y-parameter
 is the load value in the corresponding parameter set
 is the source value in the corresponding parameter set

 may only be obtained from the source when the load impedance connected to it (i.e. the equivalent input impedance of the two-port network) is the complex conjugate of the source impedance, a consequence of the maximum power theorem.

Available power gain

The available power gain of a two-port network, , is defined as:

where
 is the maximum available average power at the load
 is the maximum power available from the source

Similarly  may only be obtained when the load impedance is the complex conjugate of the output impedance of the network.

References
Lecture notes on two-port power gain

Electrical parameters
Two-port networks
Audio amplifier specifications
Transfer functions
De-asphalter. A de-asphalter is a unit in a crude oil refinery or bitumen upgrader that separates asphalt from the residuum fraction of crude oil or bitumen. The primary purpose of the separation is to remove contaminants (asphaltenes, metals) from the feed that would cause rapid deactivation of catalysts in downstream processing units. In doing so, the de-asphalter is the first step in a series of processes that upgrade a low-value feedstock to high-value refined products.

The de-asphalter unit is usually placed after the vacuum distillation tower and receives feed from the bottom (residuum) stream. It is usually a solvent de-asphalter unit, SDA. The SDA separates the asphalt from the feedstock because light hydrocarbons will dissolve aliphatic compounds but not asphaltenes. The output from the de-asphalter unit is de-asphalted oil ("DAO") and asphalt. 

DAO from propane de-asphalting has the highest quality but lowest yield, whereas using pentane may double or triple the yield from a heavy feed, but at the expense of contamination by metals and carbon residues that shorten the life of downstream cracking catalysts. If the solvent is butane the unit will be referred to as a butane de-asphalter ("BDA") and if the solvent is propane, it will be called a propane de-asphalter ("PDA") unit.

References
Study of selected petroleum refining residuals by US EPA
Lubricants and Lubrication (Second Edition)

External links 
Solvent de-asphalting 
Solvent de-asphalting of vacuum residuum
Asphalt used for gasification

Chemical equipment
Distillation
Petroleum technology
Avro 501. The Avro Type H, Type 501, and Type 503 were a family of early British military seaplanes. They were a development of the Avro 500 design and were originally conceived of as amphibious, the prototype being fitted with a single large main float (equipped with wheels) under the fuselage, and two outrigger floats under the wings.

Design and development
Tests were conducted on Windermere in January 1913. It was later converted to a twin-float configuration and bought by the British Admiralty. It now, however, proved too heavy and was converted again – this time to a landplane.

An improved version, designated the 503, was demonstrated to the Inspector of Naval Aircraft, who placed an order for three machines. The prototype itself was demonstrated for the Imperial German Navy in its seaplane trials in June 1913 and was purchased by the government of the German Empire for evaluation purposes. This machine subsequently became the first aircraft to fly across the North Sea, from Wilhelmshaven to Heligoland, in September 1913. Gotha purchased a licence from Avro and produced the type as the WD.1 (Wasser Doppeldecker – "Water Biplane").

Operators 

 Kaiserliche Marine – one aircraft.

 Royal Naval Air Service

 Ottoman Air Force

Specifications (501 seaplane)

See also

References

Further reading

External links 

Avro 501 – British Aircraft Directory

1910s British military utility aircraft
Floatplanes
501
501, Avro
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Amphibious aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1913
Rotary-engined aircraft
Industrial. Industrial may refer to:

Industry
 Industrial archaeology, the study of the history of the industry
 Industrial engineering, engineering dealing with the optimization of complex industrial processes or systems
 Industrial city, a city dominated by one or more industries
 Industrial loan company, a financial institution in the United States that lends money, and may be owned by non-financial institutions
 Industrial organization, a field that builds on the theory of the firm by examining the structure and boundaries between firms and markets
 Industrial Revolution, the development of industry in the 18th and 19th centuries
Second Industrial Revolution
 Industrial society, a society that has undergone industrialization
 Industrial technology, a broad field that includes designing, building, optimizing, managing and operating industrial equipment, and predesignated as acceptable for industrial uses, like factories
 Industrial video, a video that targets “industry” as its primary audience
 Industrialization, the societal process and period of developing such technology and transforming into such societies

Arts and entertainment

Music
 Industrial (album), debut album by Pitchshifter
 Industrial music, the genre of music that draws on transgressive and provocative themes
 Industrial dance, a subgenre characterized by electronic beats, symphonic keyboard lines, pile-driver rhythms, angst-ridden or sampled vocals, and cyberpunk imagery
 Industrial metal, a fusion genre characterized by repeating metal guitar riffs, sampling, synthesizer or sequencer lines, and distorted vocals
 Industrial rock, a fusion genre characterized by electric guitars, drums, and bass paired with white noise blasts and electronic music gear, such as synthesizers, sequencers, samplers and drum machines
 Industrial Records, a record label established in 1976 by the industrial music group and performance artists, Throbbing Gristle

Other uses in the arts
 Industrial architecture, pre-modern style of building design
 Industrial musical, a bespoke musical theatre performance for a company's employees
 industrial style, 21st-century interior design aesthetic

Other uses
 Industrial, West Virginia, an unincorporated community
 Industrial Township, St. Louis County, Minnesota
 Two functional constituencies in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong:
 Industrial (First)
 Industrial (Second)
 Industrial (Mexibús, Line 1), a BRT station in Ecatepec, Mexico
 Industrial (Mexibús, Line 4), a BRT station in Ecatepec, Mexico
 Industrial piercing, any two pierced ear holes connected with a single straight piece of jewelry

See also
 Industry (disambiguation)
 Industrial group (disambiguation)
 Industria (disambiguation)
Avro 510. The Avro 510 was a two-seat racing seaplane designed by Avro to compete in the 1914 Circuit of Britain Race. It was a conventional two-bay biplane of greatly uneven span, equipped with two large central floats and two outriggers. The race was called off at the outbreak of the First World War, but the British Admiralty was aware of the type and ordered five examples, with modified floats and tail. In service, these proved completely unsuitable, and it was discovered that with a second person aboard, the aircraft could barely fly. In October 1915, the 510s in service were sent to Supermarine for modification and improvement, but by March the following year all were removed from service.

Specifications

See also

Notes
Most sources give the powerplant of the 510 as a Sunbeam Nubian, an engine that would not yet exist until all the 510s had been withdrawn from service in 1916. The Wolverhampton Museum of Industry website  cites Eric Brew's Sunbeam Aero Engines and identifies the 510's engine as a Crusader.

References

Further reading

 

1910s British sport aircraft
Floatplanes
510
Racing aircraft
Sesquiplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1914
Biplanes
Expert elicitation. In science, engineering, and research, expert elicitation is the synthesis of opinions of authorities of a subject where there is uncertainty due to insufficient data or when such data is unattainable because of physical constraints or lack of resources. Expert elicitation is essentially a scientific consensus methodology. It is often used in the study of rare events. Expert elicitation allows for parametrization, an "educated guess", for the respective topic under study. Expert elicitation generally helps quantify uncertainty.

Expert elicitation tends to be multidisciplinary as well as interdisciplinary, with practically universal applicability, and is used in a broad range of fields. Prominent recent expert elicitation applications include climate change, modeling seismic hazard and damage, association of tornado damage to wind speed in developing the Enhanced Fujita scale, risk analysis for nuclear waste storage.

In performing expert elicitation certain factors need to be taken into consideration. The topic must be one for which there are people who have predictive expertise. Furthermore, the objective should be to obtain an experts' carefully considered judgment based on a systematic consideration of all relevant evidence. For this reason one should take care to adopt strategies designed to help the expert being interviewed to avoid overlooking relevant evidence. Additionally, vocabulary used should face intense scrutiny; qualitative uncertainty words such as "likely" and "unlikely" are not sufficient and can lead to confusion. Such words can mean very different things to different people, or to the same people in different situations.

See also 
 Applied science
 Bayesian probability

References

Bibliography 
  Apostolakis, G., 7 December 1990: The concept of probability in safety assessments of technological systems. Science, 250 (4986): 1359–1364. 
 Arkes, Hal R., Jeryl L. Mumpower, and Thomas R. Stewart, 24 January 1997: Combining Expert Opinions. Science, 275: 461–465. 
 Boissonnade, A., Hossain, Q., Kimbell, J., Mensing, R., and Savy, J., 2000: Development of a probabilistic tornado wind hazard model for the Continental United States, UCRL-ID-140922 Vol. I, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 131pp.

 Kerr, Richard A., 8 November 1996: Risk Assessment: A New Way to Ask the Experts: Rating Radioactive Waste Risks. Science, 274 (5289): 913–914. 
 SSHAC, 1997: Recommendations for probabilistic seismic hazard analysis: guidelines on uncertainty and use of experts, NUREG/CR-6372, UCRL-ID-122160, Vol. I, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 131 pp.

Scientific method
Khalish Dehlavi. Khalish Dehlavi, who was born Kanwar Krishan Singh Bhayana, is a successful engineer and well-known Urdu poet of India. The Hindu highlighted the fact that, unusually, he has excelled in two very different fields: "Khalish is also a civil engineer who has designed the Sahar International Airport in Mumbai, the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium here, and the election commissioner's office on the city's Ashoka Road. Poetry is Khalish's passion. Though he thanks his construction business for providing him with the luxuries of life, it is at a poetic soiree that Khalish comes into his own."

He was born in 1935 in the state of Punjab, India. He graduated from Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya (also called Indore University) with a degree in civil engineering, but prior to that he obtained his first degree from Aligarh Muslim University. His late father Shri Mohan Lal Bhayana, an Urdu scholar himself, advised him to study Urdu literature. After joining Aligarh Muslim University, he mastered the Urdu language and Urdu literature and poetry. He became deeply involved in Urdu poetry and actively participated in Mushairas.

He adopted the pen name "Khalish" and came to be known popularly as "Khalish Dehlavi". He has written for almost all Urdu literary magazines in India, including Biswin Sadi. He also has many Hindi publications to his credit.

Khalish Dehlavi has been writing for the last fifty years and has now occupied an honourable position in Urdu and Hindi literature. He has received many awards and citations from eminent personalities like the former President of India Zakir Husain,  the former Prime Minister of India Shri Inder Kumar Gujral, along with scholars, poets, editors and music personalities including Padmashree Saghar Nizami, Jan Nisar Akhtar, Makhmoor Sayeedi, Rehman Nayyar, and Naushad.

Works
Khalish Dehlavi's most recently published book is Khalish: An anthology of Urdu couplets (AuthorHouse, 2006. ). This book also contains English language translations of his couplets.

Khalish Dehlavi’s other published books include:
 Hasraten
 Yeh Qurbaten yeh Dooriyan
 Kuch Baaten Unki
 Chandni Ka Dhuan
 Mauj-e-Saba
 Harf-e-Nawan

References 

Urdu-language poets from India
Indian male poets
20th-century Indian Muslims
Aligarh Muslim University alumni
1935 births
Living people
SAP NetWeaver Visual Composer. SAP NetWeaver Visual Composer is SAP’s web-based software modelling tool. It enables business process specialists and developers to create business application components, without coding.

Visual Composer produces applications in a declarative form, enabling code-free execution mode for multiple runtime environments. It provides application lifecycle support by maintaining the connection between an application and its model throughout its lifecycle. Visual Composer is designed with an open architecture, which enables developers to extend its design-time environment and modelling language, as well as to integrate external data services.

The tool aims to increase productivity by reducing development effort time, and narrow the gap between application definition and implementation.

Starting with a blank canvas, the Visual Composer user, typically a business process specialist, draws the application in Visual Composer Storyboard (workspace), without writing code, to prototype, design and produce applications.

A typical workflow for creating, deploying and running an application using Visual Composer is:

Create a model
 Discover data services and add them to the model
 Select necessary UI elements and add them to the model
 Connect model elements to define the model logic and data flow

Edit the layout
 Arranging the UI elements and the controls of the application on forms and tables.

Deploy the model
 This step includes compilation, validation and deployment to a selected environment.

Run the application
 The application can run using different runtime environment (such as Adobe Flex and HTML). In 2014 a runtime environment was introduced that is utilizing HTML5 capabilities of SAPUI5.

See also
SAP AG
NetWeaver
Modelling language

References

External links
 SAP NetWeaver Visual Composer discussions, blogs, documents and videos on the SAP Community Network (SCN)
Create applications easily with Visual Composer tool

Web applications
Visual Composer
Specification languages
Workflow applications