omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Aluminium antimonide. Aluminium antimonide (AlSb) is a semiconductor of the group III-V family containing aluminium and antimony. The lattice constant is 0.61 nm. The indirect bandgap is approximately 1.6 eV at 300 K, whereas the direct band gap is 2.22 eV.

Its electron mobility is 200 cm2·V−1·s−1 and hole mobility 400 cm2·V−1·s−1 at 300 K. Its refractive index is 3.3 at a wavelength of 2 μm, and its dielectric constant is 10.9 at microwave frequencies.

AlSb can be reacted with other III-V materials to produce ternary materials including AlInSb, AlGaSb and AlAsSb.

Aluminium antimonide is rather flammable because of the reducing tendency of the antimonide (Sb3−) ion. It burns to produce aluminium oxide and antimony trioxide.

See also
 Gallium antimonide
 Indium antimonide
 Aluminium arsenide

References

III-V semiconductors
Antimonides
Aluminium compounds
III-V compounds
Zincblende crystal structure
Pilot Training Squadron RNZAF. The Pilot Training Squadron based at RNZAF Base Ohakea, and trained RNZAF pilots from 1966 until 2015.

Origins
Military pilot training during World War I was undertaken by private contractors; principally the New Zealand Flying School of the Walsh Brothers in Auckland and the Canterbury Aviation Company formed by Henry Wigram in Christchurch.

When the New Zealand Permanent Air Force was formed in June 1923, war surplus Avro 504K and Bristol F2B Fighters transferred from Britain were used for training purposes, supplemented from 1929 by de Havilland Gypsy Moths and replaced from 1931 by Hawker Tomtits and Avro 626s.  A single two seat Gloster Grebe provided conversion training on that type.  in anticipation of the delivery of Vickers Wellington bombers, twin engine monoplane training began on the first of 229  Airspeed Oxfords in 1938.

World War II
By the outbreak of World War II the more modern of these types had been formed into No. 1 Flying Training School RNZAF at Wigram, while advanced training on types such as the Oxford had been separated.  Due to the Commonwealth Air Training Plan, other schools were under construction at Taieri, and Woodbourne. A large number of additional FTSs followed with the first few years of the war, while from 1939 335 de Havilland Tiger Moths manufactured in Wellington provided the main primary trainers.  Until 1941 much advanced training was done on retired combat types such as the Hawker Hind, Vickers Vildebeest and Fairey Gordon but these were gradually replaced by 202 locally assembled North American Harvards.

Post war
After the second world war, primary flying training was conducted by No.1 Flying Training School at Taieri, and from 1956 Wigram. The Tiger Moths were phased out, Harvards being used for ab intio training, de Havilland Devon and two seat De Havilland Vampires being used for advanced training. 1 FTS became the Pilot Training Squadron in 1966.  The squadron received a small number of  AESL Airtourer in 1970 and re-equipped with Pacific Aerospace CT-4B Airtrainers in 1976, these subsequently being replaced by more powerful CT-4Es.

Advanced training on BAC Strikemaster and Aermacchi MB-339 shifted to No. 14 Squadron RNZAF, twin engined training on Fokker Friendships and later Cessna Golden Eagles and Beechcraft Super King Airs being undertaken by No. 42 Squadron RNZAF.  No. 3 Squadron undertook basic rotary training with the Bell 47. When Wigram closed in 1993 the squadron shifted to Ohakea.

Pilot Training Squadron was disbanded in 2015 with the retirement of the Airtrainer. Its role was taken over by a reformed No. 14 Squadron which operated the replacement T-6 Texan II.

External links
RNZAF Squadron Web page

Royal New Zealand Air Force squadrons
Flying training squadrons
Training units and formations of air forces
Military units and formations established in 1966
KAME project. The KAME project, a sub-project of the WIDE Project,  was a joint effort of six organizations in Japan that aimed to provide a free IPv6 and IPsec (for both IPv4 and IPv6) protocol stack implementation for variants of the BSD Unix computer operating-system. The project began in 1998, and on November 7, 2005, it was announced that it would be finished at the end of March 2006. The name KAME is a short version of Karigome, the location of the project's offices beside Keio University SFC.

KAME Project's code is based on the "WIDE Hydrangea" IPv6/IPsec stack by WIDE Project.

The following organizations participated in the project:
 ALAXALA Networks Corporation
 Fujitsu, Ltd.
 Hitachi, Ltd.
 Internet Initiative Japan Inc.
 Keio University
 NEC Corporation
 University of Tokyo
 Toshiba Corporation
 Yokogawa Electric Corporation

FreeBSD, NetBSD and DragonFly BSD integrated IPsec and IPv6 code from the KAME project; OpenBSD integrated just IPv6 code rather than both (having developed their own IPsec stack). Linux also integrated code from the project in its native IPsec implementation.

The KAME project collaborated with the TAHI Project (which develops and provides verification-technology for IPv6), the USAGI Project and the WIDE Project.

Racoon 
racoon, KAME's user-space daemon, handles Internet Key Exchange (IKE). In Linux systems, it forms part of the ipsec-tools package.

References

External links 
 

Internet protocols
BSD software
Free software projects
Cryptographic software
Key management
Virtual private networks
IPv6
Alan H. Goldstein. Alan H. Goldstein is a research scientist and futurist.

He began his career in the 1970s as a molecular biologist before becoming a theoretician in the field of nanobiotechnology.  He has codified the central concepts of this nascent area of knowledge into a set of operational rules termed the 'Laws of Biomimetics'.  As part of this work, Goldstein has published a set of guidelines specifically designed to identify the artificial life forms likely to emerge from research at the intersection of nanotechnology and biotechnology.  He has also created the 'Animat Test' as a practical bioengineering tool for monitoring the coming transformation from natural to artificial biology:

Let us define a life form as an entity that reduces entropy by self-executing the minimum set of physical and chemical operations necessary to sustain the ability to execute functionally equivalent negentropic operations indefinitely across time. Given that, a life form will be considered an animat (living material) if all the information necessary to execute that minimum set of physical and chemical operations cannot be stored in DNA or RNA. The corollary: If all the information necessary to execute that minimum set of physical and chemical operations can be stored in DNA or RNA, the life form is biological.

His essay "Nature vs. Nanoengineering: Rebuilding our world one atom at a time." won a 2003 Shell-Economist Prize http://www.shelleconomistprize.com and remains the primary reference in the nascent field of nanobioethics. He was probably the first person to use the term "Breaking The Carbon Barrier" to identify the future moment when humanity successfully engineers the first nonbiological life form.  This concept was formally introduced and defined during a debate with Ron Bailey at the Foresight 'Vision Weekend' component of the 13th Foresight Conference on Advanced Nanotechnology.

References 

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Haulage. Haulage is the business of transporting goods by road or rail between suppliers and large consumer outlets, factories, warehouses, or depots. This includes everything humans might wish to move in bulk – from vegetables and other foodstuffs, to clothes, ore, coal, and other supplies. Haulage also involves the transportation of chemicals in large sealed containers, and the removal of waste. As the word implies, goods are loaded into large trailers or carriages and hauled between different locations. Traditionally, this was by large animals such as horses or oxen – where the practice may also be called cartage or drayage. However, in the modern age, this act is mostly performed by trains or trucks – with large shipping vessels acting as intermediaries for crossing oceans. Truck drivers on haulage shifts are typically male, and often work long and difficult hours with few breaks – regularly sleeping in their vehicles overnight and eating/showering at rest stops. It is expected that Vehicular automation will largely render human drivers obsolete within a few decades.

Haulage is also known as 'horizontal transport'. This contrasts with 'vertical transport' of the same such materials with cranes, known as hoisting.

Cost 
Haulage fees, sometimes also simply called haulage, include the charges made for hauling freight on carts, drays, lorries, or trucks, and is incorporated for example in the cost of loading raw ore at a mine site and transporting it to a processing plant.  A railway, supplying cars, may negotiate rates with customers located on another railway's line, the road granting haulage rights.  This differs from trackage rights in that the host railway operates the trains for the other railway, where with trackage rights, the secondary railway operates trains over the host's tracking.

See also

Freight
Hauling (film), a Brazilian documentary on recyclers in São Paulo
Hauling-out
Haul road
Haul truck
Heavy hauler
Logistics
Trackage rights

References

Blaszak, Michael W.  "ABC's of Railroading:  Trackage and Haulage Rights," Trains, 1 May 2006, accessed 30 August 2011. 

Freight transport
Huffman Aviation. Huffman Aviation was a flight-training school in Venice, Florida at Venice Municipal Airport.

Background

Huffman Aviation Florida was established in 1972 as Venice Flying Service, and was reorganized in 1987 and renamed as Huffman Aviation.  Huffman Aviation was purchased by Rudi Dekkers in 1999.  At the time of purchase, the school had a fleet of 12 small aircraft.  Huffman offered private pilot, instrument rating, commercial pilot, multi-engine ratings, and flight instructor training, but did not offer training on larger, jet aircraft.

Dekkers sold Huffman Aviation in 2003.

Controversies

9/11 pilots

The business gained notoriety after the September 11 attacks, when it was revealed that Mohamed Atta and Marwan al-Shehhi had attended the school to learn how to fly small aircraft.

The two first trained at Huffman in July 2000. In August, the school filed the M-1 student visa request forms for Atta and al-Shehhi  to switch from 'tourist' visas, to 'student', in order to allow them to enroll in the school's professional pilot program that would last from September 1, 2000, until September 1 the next year. The student visa requests were granted on July 17, 2001, for Atta, and August 9, 2001, for al-Shehhi.

For a short while, during their time at the school, both Marwan and Atta lived with a company employee named Charlie Voss.

Security issues
In January 2002, Huffman Aviation again made headlines when the local paper sent a reporter onto its property, who managed to casually move between airplane cockpits, fuel tanks and other "safety concerns" without anybody noticing or stopping him. In March, the school was cited for having left fuel trucks unlocked, with keys in the ignition, at the Venice Municipal Airport.

References

Aviation schools in Florida
Companies based in Florida
Educational institutions established in 1972
Mohamed Atta
September 11 attacks
1972 establishments in Florida
Bruce Horn. Bruce Lawrence Horn (born 1959) is a programmer. He created the original Macintosh Finder and the Macintosh Resource Manager for Apple Computer. His signature is amongst those molded to the case of the Macintosh 128K. He has been a distinguished engineer at Siri and Language Technologies at Apple since June 2022.

Horn was a member of the original Apple Macintosh design team. He received a B.S. in Mathematical Sciences from Stanford University in 1982 and a M.S. and Ph.D. from Carnegie-Mellon University in Computer Science in 1994. Horn was a student in the Learning Research Group (1973–1981), where Smalltalk was developed. While there, he worked on various projects including the NoteTaker, a portable Smalltalk machine, and wrote the initial Dorado Smalltalk microcode for Smalltalk.

He owns, and programs software for, Ingenuity Software. He was employed by Powerset as the principal development manager of the Natural Language Technology group. Powerset was acquired by Microsoft in the fall of 2008 and became part of Bing.

Horn was an Intel Fellow and Chief Scientist for Smart Device Innovation in the New Devices Group then became CTO, Saffron Technology Group at Intel Corporation.

Horn serves on the board of advisors of The Hyperwords Company Ltd of the UK, which works to make the web more usefully interactive and which has produced the free Firefox Add-On called 'Hyperwords'.

References

External links

 Home page
 Bruce Horn on 1984, Today, and Beyond - April 26, 2004
 Joining the Mac Group: The Reality Distortion Field changes Bruce's mind about working at Apple, written by Bruce Horn
 The Grand Unified Model (1) - Resources

1960 births
Apple Inc. employees
Carnegie Mellon University alumni
Stanford University alumni
Living people
Scientists at PARC (company)
Hanon Izakson. Hanon Ilyich Izakson () (March 15, 1909 – April 4, 1985) was a Soviet designer of farm machines who was born in Novo-Bereslav, Kherson Oblast.

In 1932, Izakson graduated from Zaporizhia Engineering College. He worked at the 'Communar' factory, progressing from a designer to chief designer, later becoming the chief designer for self-propelled combine harvesters at Tula Design Bureau. Since 1953, Izakson headed the General Design Bureau for self-propelled combine harvesters in the city of Taganrog. Under his direction, several grain-harvesting machines and other agricultural machines were developed for various climate zones of the USSR.

Izakson has received over 100 patents for inventions, most of which have been introduced into mass production. In addition, he has been awarded with several Order of Lenin, Order of the October Revolution, and Order of the Red Banner of Labour awards and medals. He was a candidate of technical sciences in 1971 and received the Lenin Prize in 1964.

Izakson died in the city of Taganrog on April 4, 1985.

References
 Taganrog Encyclopedia (Энциклопедия Таганрога), 2nd edition, Taganrog, 2003

1909 births
1985 deaths
20th-century Ukrainian engineers
20th-century Ukrainian inventors
Recipients of the Lenin Prize
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Soviet designers
Soviet inventors
Soviet mechanical engineers
Ukrainian designers
Ukrainian inventors
Ukrainian Jews
Ukrainian mechanical engineers
Bell Pogo. The Bell Pogo was an experimental rocket vehicle that was designed by Bell Aircraft for NASA.  Its function was to transport one or two astronauts on the lunar surface.  The Pogo never went into production.

The device
Bell Aircraft built several versions of the Pogo under contract with NASA as a possible civil and military transport, because it was intended to be used as a means of transportation on the moon during Apollo missions, as well as an army transport over things like ravines, however NASA decided not to use the POGO because of the risk of a crash, and decided to send the Lunar Roving Vehicle. Bell demonstrated that all the versions of the POGO flew in Earth atmosphere.

The first POGO was a single place model with a vertical tube with a stand for the pilot to stand with the rocket engine and peroxide tanks at the front.

A second POGO was the two place POGO that was able to carry a passenger in front and it was controlled from the back, this POGO had the rockets and tanks between the two pilots.

A last version of the Bell POGO was the "reverse" POGO built with the rocket engine and the peroxide tanks at the back. Bill Suitor was the only Bell pilot to fly the reverse POGO.

It was known to have been tested in 1967 and reportedly in 1966 and 1968.

The "Basic US GI factor"
It was assumed by the US Army that a 19 year old recruit with only basic training must be able to use the kit after a brief chat and couple of demonstrations without killing or seriously injuring himself or others. It was considered too skillful for a basic GI to use.

See also
Bell Rocket Belt

References

External links
 Gallery of the Bell Pogo

1960s United States aircraft
Powerplay Cruiser. The Powerplay Cruiser was a joystick released in 1986, during the time that the Atari ST, ZX Spectrum, Commodore 64 and Commodore Amiga were all popular home computers. It was compatible with many 8-bit and 16-bit machines, and boasted many features that were considered high end at the time:
 Fully microswitch-based operation (clicking with every move or shot)
 8-directional control
 Ambidextrous design (symmetrical with two fire buttons positioned at the front end, away from the joystick shaft)
 Adjustable torque control (a 3-position rotating collar at the base of the shaft, giving manual resistance)
 Rugged plastic body & sturdy, long-lasting design (working examples appear for auction on eBay and similar sites to this day)
 Available in a range of colours/models (all with black cable):
 All Black
 Blue body, red stick, white fire buttons
 Pastel green body, with pastel yellow fire buttons, pastel pink joystick shaft and pastel blue torque controller
 Transparent body, black stick and buttons featuring a rare autofire working-type, as it operates automatically when any of the 2 buttons is held down
 The black and red Cruiser Turbo, featuring an autofire facility(the pastel version was arguably the most popular, matching the fashions of the era, followed by the sleek black model)

Other features included a cable that was longer than that used by many other joysticks, and four strong suction cups to attach the unit to a flat surface, for general stability or to enable control of rare (at the time) games that used the keyboard and other input devices to control play, such as Gunship.

The joystick had two DE-9 connectors. The primary connector was Atari compatible, with a shorter grey cable and connector attached to this. The secondary connector is compatible with the non-standard Amstrad built ZX Spectrum computers; the Sinclair Interface II and other popular ZX Spectrum joystick interfaces were Atari compatible.

Market value 
The Cruiser retailed in the UK at £14.99 when released, at a time when this was two or three times as expensive as many joysticks with lower manufacturing or design standards, and when most C64 games (on cassette) would cost less than £15 (their disk-based counterparts usually costing £15 or more) and with Commodore Amiga games costing approximately £20-£30. It was therefore a "luxury" joystick, aimed at serious gamers who required style and resilience in their peripherals.

External links

Game controllers
Richard Hornsby. Richard Hornsby (Elsham in Lincolnshire 4 June 1790 – 6 January 1864) was an inventor and founder of a major agricultural machinery firm that developed steam engines. His firm also developed early diesels and caterpillar tracks. He came from a farming family, the son of William Hornsby and his wife Sarah.

Formation of company
In 1805, at the age of fifteen, he started his apprenticeship for Havercroft Wheelwright in Barnetby (North Lincolnshire). He came to Grantham in 1810 looking for work. He approached Richard Seaman, the village blacksmith of Barrowby. When working in Barrowby, he had the idea to put a set of wheels on an adjustable harrow. Seeing this inventiveness, Seaman offered him a partnership in his company. Seaman & Hornsby was started in 1812 with business partner and blacksmith, Richard Seaman, a fellow methodist. The firm became Richard Hornsby & Sons in 1828, when Seaman retired. The company made ploughs and seed drills. By 1840, the company made steam engines, which were used for traction engines in the 1850s. These were used for harvesting crops.

After Hornsby's death, his firm built the first working (experimental) diesel engine in 1892; it went on to develop the continuous track for agricultural usage in 1905, which revolutionized land warfare.

Personal life and family
Five of his children were Richard (born 1827), Louisa, James (born 1836), Helen Mary Anne and William (born 1838).

He died on 6 January 1864. His wife, Mary, died on 15 October 1866, aged 66. At the time of his death he had eight grandchildren. Two of his great-grand children would go to Eton. Although there is no monument to Richard Hornsby, one of his great-grandsons, Richard William Hornsby, is listed on the war memorial in Barrowby, after being killed in the First World War in Greece. His family were quite wealthy, owning  of land, as the Hornsby company was a world leader in engine manufacture, until 1918.

References

External links
 R Hornsby & Sons vaporizing oil engine
 A portrait
 History of his engines
 Christening entry on the IGI

1790 births
1864 deaths
People from Elsham, North Lincolnshire
English Methodists
Agricultural engineers
19th-century English businesspeople
Air Force Combat Ammunition Center. The Air Force Combat Ammunition Center (AFCOMAC) is a United States Air Force training course developed to provide the Air Force munitions community with advanced training in mass combat ammunition planning and production techniques.  It uses a combination of in-depth classroom instruction combined with a four-day intensive practical exercise (IRON FLAG) using live munitions in a realistic, bare-base scenario.  AFCOMAC was established in 1985 at Sierra Army Depot, California, as a response to a perceived degradation in the USAF's ability to rapidly produce ammunition for air combat operations during combat. AFCOMAC's intensive training effort from 1986 through 1991 helped prepare USAF munitions personnel for their role in the first Gulf War. Later AFCOMAC moved to Beale AFB, California.

AFCOMAC offers three courses:

 CAPP (Combat Ammunition Planning and Production) Course:  a three-week course (two weeks of academics and one week of exercise) with a class size of 70–80 people in the grade of senior airman through captain.  This course awards four credit hours towards CCAF and is a 7- and 9-level upgrade training requirement for all 2W0 personnel.  Eight to Nine classes per fiscal year are taught.
 SOO (Senior Officer Orientation) Course:  a companion class to CAPP and is conducted during the IRON FLAG practical exercise.  This course combines hands-on training (in conjunction with the CAPP course) with seminar sessions to provide senior logistics and operations officers (major and above/civilian equivalents) with an appreciation and practical knowledge of mass munitions build-up operations.  Nine classes per fiscal year are taught.
 AMMOS (Advanced Maintenance/Munitions Officers School):  uses AFCOMAC as the ideal means to teach its six-day munitions block of this 5.5-month class.  This course combines hand-on training (in conjunction with the CAPP course) with seminar sessions and coursework to provide maintenance/logistics captains with the expertise in the application of expeditionary logistics as it applies to the Ammo career field.  Two classes per fiscal year are taught.

This squadron also provides day-to-day munitions support to the 9th Reconnaissance Wing at Beale AFB, CA and associated units.

References

External links
 https://web.archive.org/web/20110604040923/https://acc.dau.mil/CommunityBrowser.aspx?id=46386

United States Air Force