omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Bristol and Exeter Railway Fairfield steam carriage. The Bristol and Exeter Railway Fairfield was an experimental broad gauge self-propelled steam carriage. In later use the carriage portion was removed and it was used as a small shunting locomotive.

Fairfield
The steam carriage was built to the design of William Bridges Adams at Fairfield Works in Bow, London. It was tested on the West London Railway late in 1848, although it was early in 1850 before modifications had been made that allowed Adams to demonstrate that it was working to the agreed standards. The design was not perpetuated by the Bristol and Exeter Railway, instead they purchased small 2-2-2T locomotives for working their branch lines.

It worked on the Clevedon and Tiverton branches, although it might have spent some time on the Weston branch too.

The power unit had a single pair of driving wheels driven through a jackshaft by small  cylinders. Originally equipped with a vertical boiler  in height,  in diameter, this was replaced by a horizontal boiler length , diameter . The boiler was not covered by a cab or other bodywork; the two pairs of carrying wheels were beneath the carriage portion. It had seats for 16 first class and 32 second class passengers. It was once timed as running at .

It was numbered 29 in the Bristol and Exeter Railway locomotive list but generally referred to as "the Fairfield locomotive".

Adams built another couple of steam railmotors at around the same time, but the concept did not catch on. It was revived around the turn of the century and the Great Western Railway built up a fleet of around 100 bogie rail motors. These were developed into an autotrain system whereby the driver of a locomotive could control the train from a cab in the carriage, the forerunner of today's the familiar multiple unit trains.

Shunting locomotive
The carriage portion was removed in 1851 and the power unit rebuilt, presumably with a new pair of carrying wheels making it an 0-2-2. Its use for the next few years is unclear, although it might have been moved to Taunton to pump water.

It was sold to Messrs Hutchinson and Ritson in 1856, the engineering contractors who were working on the Somerset Central Railway. Before delivery, the Bristol and Exeter Railway had to rebuild it as an 0-4-0. The price agreed was £600, paid in prepared timber.

See also 
 Adams axle

References

External links

 The GWR Steam Railmotor Project

Broad gauge (7 feet) railway locomotives
0-4-0 locomotives
Railmotors
Bristol and Exeter Railway locomotives
British steam railcars
Scrapped locomotives
SpeedFan. SpeedFan is a system monitor for Microsoft Windows that can read temperatures, voltages and fan speeds of computer components. It can change computer fan speeds depending on the temperature of various components. The program can display system variables as charts and as an indicator in the system tray.
Fully configurable user events can be defined to execute specific actions based on system status

Hard disk support 
SpeedFan also monitors S.M.A.R.T. readings for EIDE, SATA and SCSI hard disks. Starting with version 4.35, SpeedFan fully supports Areca RAID controllers. Version 4.38 added full support for AMCC/3ware SATA and RAID controllers.

Hard disk in-depth online analysis 
SpeedFan offers a feature named "in-depth online analysis" that compares the hard disk's S.M.A.R.T. data to a database with statistical models of hard disks allowing early detection of potentially degraded hard disks. Messages inform the user of specific situations and problems, which Almico says is “as if a human expert had looked at the data”.

Reception 
An extended review of version 4.46 in 2012 on the Silent PC Review website summarized, "The biggest drawback [to Speedfan] is it often takes a lot of work to properly configure", but continued, "Its highly customizable and incredibly powerful nature is unmatched by the competition and as a bonus, it's also free, lightweight and regularly updated with more features and better motherboard support."
The Softonic review of version 4.49 graded SpeedFan 8/10, listing it as useful, with "helpful charts to monitor performance and health", but noting that it requests administrator rights at launch, and "Can be intimidating for less tech savvy".

See also 
Argus Monitor
Motherboard Monitor
 System monitor
 Comparison of S.M.A.R.T. tools
 lm_sensors
 hw.sensors

References

External links 
 

Computer hardware tuning
Windows-only freeware
Hard disk software
Pascal (programming language) software
Secondman. A secondman or second man is a railway employee who assists the driver of a train. For this reason the term driver's assistant is also used. In this role, the second man could learn the duties of the driver and on passing the relevant tests and examinations become a driver himself.

With the ending of steam traction on many railways, the job of fireman or boilerman was made obsolete.  However, there were still many duties to be performed with diesel and electric traction that the driver could not do by themselves, such as preparation of locomotives, operation of train heating systems, shunting duties, and many others.

With increasing automation of rolling stock, many trains today only require the operation of a single driver, and thus this post has started to disappear.  However, it remains in many places, especially on heavy freight, express routes and night trains.  Trainee drivers (often known as traction trainees) may also act as secondmen in order to learn routes and operating methods.

Certain railway lines in the UK (for example, the East Suffolk Line) are not approved for driver-only operation. Passenger trains will usually have a driver and a guard, but empty stock movements would require a secondperson (usually a second qualified driver) or a guard to accompany the driver.

On heritage railways, where the older types of locomotives are still in use, the position of second man is still an important role filled by volunteers, and usually part of the training to become a driver.

External links
Railway crew names (US)
Crew duties and Driver-only trains (UK)

Railway occupations
Degradation (telecommunications). In telecommunication, degradation is the loss of quality of an electronic signal, which may be categorized as either "graceful" or "catastrophic", and has the following meanings: 

The deterioration in quality, level, or standard of performance of a functional unit. 
In communications, a condition in which one or more of the required performance parameters fall outside predetermined limits, resulting in a lower quality of service. 

There are several forms and causes of degradation in electric signals, both in the time domain and in the physical domain, including runt pulse, voltage spike, jitter, wander, swim, drift, glitch, ringing, crosstalk, antenna effect (not the same antenna effect as in IC manufacturing), and phase noise.

Degradation usually refers to reduction in quality of an analog or digital signal. When a signal is being transmitted or received, it undergoes changes which are undesirable. These changes are called degradation. Degradation is usually caused by: distance, imitation:see Remote Control, noise, interference or EMI.

Digital electronics
Fault tolerance
Noise (electronics)
Telecommunications engineering
Alamosite. Alamosite (Pb12Si12O36) is a colorless silicate mineral named after the place where it was discovered, Álamos, Sonora, Mexico.  It is a rare secondary mineral occurring in the oxidized zones of lead-rich deposits. For example, the infobox picture shows its association with black leadhillite.

References

Inosilicates
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 13
Blocker Gundan 4 Machine Blaster. is an anime series that aired from 1976 to 1977 in Japan. There are 38 episodes aired at 25 minutes each. It is also known as "Blocker Army IV Machine Blaster", "Blocker Corps IV", "Blocker Army IV", "Blocker Corps", "Machine Blaster" and in Italian as "Astro Robot contatto Ypsilon" ("Blocker Corps IV Astrorobot" for the DVD release).

Plot summary
Earth is being attacked by the Mogul civilization, a super advanced people that live beneath the ocean. Professor Yuri, having studied the ancient super-technology in Astro base, anticipated such an invasion would take place. Using what he had learned of their technology, he created a team of four super robots, piloted by four youth pilots, to help repel the Mogul invasion, and they are known as the Machine Blaster Corps. Led by the pilot Ishida, the Blocker Corps stands firm against the attack of the Mogul rulers, Hellqueen V and Kaibuddha.

Concept
The number 4 comes from the team of 4 robots. The robots individually have their own weapon, but they can also be combined to form a fire ring which cuts through the enemies. It was not the most popular show since anime powerhouses Gaiking and Combattler V, which featured more creative combinations and designs, were ruling the airwaves.

Staff

Robots

Opening
 Lyrics: "Blocker Gundan Machine Blaster" (opening theme)

Trivia
 The show aired every week Monday 7:00pm to 7:30pm.
 It aired in The Philippines as Striker Force over RPN-9 every Friday 5:30pm to 6:00pm in 1979 and in Italy as Astro Robot in 1980.
 Toy maker Mattel produced [[Shogun Warriors (toys)|Shogun Warriors]] figures of the Machine Blaster robots exclusively for the Italian market, recycling parts from the Shogun Gaiking, Brave Raideen and Grendizer toys and labeled as Astro Robot Shogun. These figures are considered by collectors to be the rarest figures in the entire Shogun'' toyline.

References

External links
 Encirobot homepage
  
 
 

1976 anime television series debuts
1977 Japanese television series endings
Ashi Productions
Fuji Television original programming
Nippon Animation
Super robot anime and manga
Vacuum cementing. Vacuum cementing or vacuum welding is the natural process of solidifying small objects in a hard vacuum.  The most notable example is dust on the surface of the Moon.

This effect was reported to be a problem with the first American and Soviet satellites, as small moving parts would seize together.

In 2009 the European Space Agency published a peer-reviewed paper detailing why cold welding is a significant issue that spacecraft designers need to carefully consider. The paper also cites a documented example from 1991 with the Galileo spacecraft high-gain antenna.

One source of difficulty is that vacuum welding does not exclude relative motion between the surfaces that are to be joined. This allows the broadly defined notions of galling, fretting, sticking, stiction and adhesion to overlap in some instances. For example, it is possible for a joint to be the result of both vacuum welding and galling (and/or fretting and/or impact). Galling and vacuum welding, therefore, are not mutually exclusive.

See also

References 

 The Implications of the Ranger Moon Pictures (Page 4 references lunar dust vacuum welding)
 Lunar Rated Fasteners (Page 3 specifies how to build components resistant to vacuum welding)

Spaceflight technology
Vacuum
American Eagle. American Eagle may refer to:
Bald eagle, sometimes called the American eagle, the national bird and national animal of the United States

Aviation
American Eagle (airline brand), a brand name under which several regional airlines operate flights for American Airlines on a code sharing basis
Envoy Air, formerly American Eagle Airlines now a wholly owned subsidiary of American Airlines Group
American Eagle Aircraft Corporation, an aircraft design and manufacturing company

Coins
American Eagle bullion coins, bullion coins produced by the US Mint
Eagle (United States coin), a pre-1932 circulation gold coin

Ships
American Eagle (schooner), a historic schooner and U.S. National Historic Landmark
American Eagle (2000 ship), a cruise ship known as American Eagle from 2000 to 2013
Queen of the Mississippi (2015 ship), a paddlewheel river cruise ship that entered service in 2015, originally American Eagle

Sports
American Eagles, the athletics teams representing American University
United States national rugby union team, nicknamed the Eagles
British Bulldog (game), also known as American Eagle in the U.S.

Other
Bald eagle, sometimes called the American eagle, the national bird and national animal of the US
American Eagle (ammunition brand)
American Eagle Outfitters, a U.S. clothing retailer
AMC Eagle, a car also known as American Eagle
American Eagle (comics), several characters in comics named American Eagle
American Eagle (roller coaster), a racing wooden roller coaster at Six Flags Great America in Gurnee, Illinois
North American Eagle, a jet-powered automobile vying for a speed record
Salem Gazette, a US newspaper briefly published as The American Eagle
Sima (architecture). In classical architecture, a sima is the upturned edge of a roof which acts as a gutter. The term "sima" comes from the Greek simos, meaning bent upwards.

Form
The sima runs around all four sides of a building. It may be made of terracotta or stone. There are two basic types of sima: 

 The raking sima
 The lateral sima

The raking sima is continuous and generally follows the slope of the roof. The lateral sima runs along the horizontal edges and is broken by downspouts to let out rainwater.

Decoration
Simas are normally decorated. Stone simas have continuous narratives, especially on the raking sides where they are not interrupted by spouts, similar to a frieze. Terracotta simas have repeating patterns that are easy to reproduce with molds. In particular, raking simas were often decorated with floral motifs or other patterns.

Early simas feature tubular or half-cylindrical spouts, but by the middle of the 6th century BC these were mostly replaced with spouts in the shape of animal heads. Lion's heads were common, but ram and dog heads also existed. These animal heads may have served as religious symbolism, or as puns on the structure's geographic location.

See also
 Architectural ironmongery

References

External links
Architectural Solutions

Roofs
Ancient Greek architecture
2003 in spaceflight. This article outlines notable events occurring in 2003 in spaceflight, including major launches and EVAs.

Space Shuttle Columbia disaster

First human spaceflight mission from China

Orbital launches

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Deep Space Rendezvous

EVAs

Orbital launch summary

By country

By rocket

By family

By type

By configuration

By spaceport

By orbit

References

Footnotes

 
Spaceflight by year
List of submarine-borne aircraft. This is a list of aircraft carried undersea and used from submarines (see Submarine aircraft carriers).

These were primarily used during the Second World War, also included for comparison are earlier developments of submarine carried aircraft from the First World War and the period between the World Wars.

|-
| Aichi M6A1 Seiran || Japan || Propeller || portable strike monoplane torpedo-bomber || 1945 ||  || 28 || 
|-
| Arado Ar 231 || Germany || Propeller || portable reconnaissance floatplane ||  ||  || 6 || 
|-
| Bristol-Burney X.1,2,3 || UK ||  || flying hydrofoil ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
| Caspar-Heinkel U-1 || USA / Germany || Propeller || dismantlable reconnaissance biplane ||  ||  || 3 || 
|-
| Chyetverikov SPL || USSR || Propeller ||  ||  ||  || 2 || 
|-
| Cox-Klemin XS-1 || USA || Propeller || portable reconnaissance biplane || 1920s ||  || 12 || 
|-
| Cox-Klemin XS-2 || USA || Propeller || experimental scout biplane || 1920s ||  || 1 || 
|-
| Focke-Achgelis Fa 330 "Bachstelze" || Germany || Rotorcraft || observation ||  ||  || 200 || Rotor kite
|-
| Flettner Fl 282A-2 "Kolibri" || Germany || Rotorcraft || dismantlable reconnaissance  ||  || Project || 0 || Helicopter
|-
| Friedrichshafen FF.29 || Germany || Propeller || dismantlable reconnaissance biplane ||  ||  || 1 || Not internally carried
|-
| Hansa Brandenburg W.20 || Germany || Propeller || portable reconnaissance flying boat ||  ||  || 3 || 
|-
| Loening XSL-1 || USA|| Propeller || flying boat ||  ||  || 1 || 
|-
| Luftfahrzeug Gesellschaft L.F.G Stralsund V.19 || Germany || Propeller || reconnaissance monoplane ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
| Macchi M.53 || Italy || Propeller || reconnaissance ||  ||  || 0 || 
|-
| Martin MS-1 || USA || Propeller || dismantlable reconnaissance biplane || 1920s ||  || 6 || 
|-
| Parnall-Peto || UK || Propeller || dismantlable reconnaissance biplane ||  ||  || 2 || 
|-
| Piaggio P.8 || Italy || Propeller || reconnaissance ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
| Sopwith Schneider seaplane || UK || Propeller || experimental reconnaissance trial ||  || Prototype ||  || Modified example.
|-
| Watanabe E9W1 "Slim" || Japan|| Propeller || portable reconnaissance biplane ||  ||  || 35 || 
|-
| Yokosuka E14Y1 "Glen" || Japan || Propeller || reconnaissance monoplane ||  ||  || 126 || 
|-
| Yokosuka E6Y1-N || Japan || Propeller || reconnaissance biplane ||  ||  || 10 || 
|-
| Mureaux Besson MB-411 || France || Propeller || portable reconnaissance monoplane ||  ||  || 2 || 
|}

References

Bibliography
Francillon, René J. Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War. London: Putnam & Company Ltd., 1970.  (2nd edition 1979, ).
Januszewski, Tadeusz. Japanese Submarine Aircraft. Sandomierz, Poland/Redbourn, UK: Mushroom Model Publications, 2002. .

Lists of aircraft by role
Lists of military aircraft
Submarine aircraft carriers
Wilbur Davenport. Wilbur B. Davenport Jr. (July 27, 1920 – August 28, 2003) was a professor emeritus of communication science and engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Early life and education
Davenport earned his bachelor's degree in Electrical Engineering from Alabama Polytechnic Institute, Auburn University in 1941 where he was a member of Sigma Pi fraternity. He received his master's degree in 1943 from MIT and then served from 1943 to 1946 in the U.S. Naval Reserve as a lieutenant (junior grade). He returned to MIT and earned his Ph.D. in 1950, just after being named an assistant professor at the institute in 1949.

Career
He became a full professor from 1960 to 1982. From 1951 he worked with Lincoln Lab as leader of the research group on communications technology.  In 1961 he was appointed associate head of the Research Laboratory of Electronics before returning to the Lincoln Lab in 1963.  While at the RLE he worked on the spread spectrum techniques on secure communications.  In 1974 he was appointed to head MIT's Electrical Engineering Department.  While serving as department head he oversaw a curriculum change for computer students and a department name change to the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science.  He stepped down from the position after four years.

During this time he was a director for the GenRad Corporation from 1974 to 1982.

After retiring from M.I.T. he moved to Honolulu, Hawaii and became a visiting professor of electrical engineering at the University of Hawaii at Manoa until 1987.  He moved to Sunriver, Oregon in that year.

Publications and awards
In 1952 the Journal of Applied Physics published a paper he co-authored titled Statistical Errors in Measurements on Random Time Functions. This was the first of several papers on statistical theory.  In the early 1960s the Journal of the Acoustical Society of America published his paper An Experimental Study of Speech-Wave Probability Distribution.

His published books included Probability and Random Processes (1975) and  An Introduction to the Theory of Random Signals and Noise with William L. Root (1958).

Davenport was elected to the National Academy of Engineering (1975) and received the IEEE Pioneer Award (1981) for his spread spectrum research with Paul E. Green, Mortimer Rogoff and Louis A. deRosa.

Prof. Davenport's doctoral adviser was Prof. Robert Fano. His notable students: Prof. Victor On-Kwok Li and George L. Turin.  He was married to his wife, Joan. They had two children, Mark and Sally.

References

1920 births
2003 deaths
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
MIT Lincoln Laboratory people
American scientists
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
United States Navy reservists
United States Navy officers
United States Navy personnel of World War II
Sigma Pi members
Combustion (disambiguation). Combustion is the process through which matter burns.

Combustion may also refer to:

The burning of fuel to power a motor, as with an internal combustion engine or external combustion engine
Spontaneous human combustion
Combustion (album), 2005 album by Decoded Feedback
Combustion (film), 2013 Spanish film
Combustion (software), video compositing application from Autodesk
"Combustion" (QI), a 2005 television episode
Siruthuli. Siruthuli is an NGO based in Coimbatore, India which works to rejuvenate the water sources in the city of Coimbatore. Siruthuli means a small drop in Tamil.

Stated objectives
Reviving the heritage of Coimbatore vis-à-vis its traditional water management system
Rainwater harvesting to harness rainwater and de-silt ponds, canals and waterways in disuse to raise the ground water level
Preventing environmental degradation by launching a drive against non-bio degradable wastes
Mass education programmes to provide awareness to the larger community to protect the environment
Institutionalizing waste water management and thereby improving sanitation facilities in the community
Initiating projects for a cleaner and greener environment, like Afforestation drive
To foster inter-community relationship through a wider participation by the community to build up a strong social solidarity

Activities

 Lakes in and around Coimbatore namely, Krishnampathy, Narasampathy, Selvampathy, Kumarasamy, Kurichi Kulam and Periyakulam were desilted and deepened. A Checkdam was also built with help of government funding.  
 With the help of the Coimbatore Municipal Corporation, 150 borewells with recharge pits and filter chambers were constructed to harvest the rainwater from roads and the open spaces. 
 Water hyacinth was removed from Valankulam tank. Siruthuli will take up processing of 100 MT. of organic market waste daily. 
 It also plans to plant and nurture 1000 trees and remove encroachments in Noyyal river.

Awards 
 Amruthavarshini Award from Rotary club of Coimbatore - 2015 
 Bhoomijal Samwardhan Puraskar - 2008 (Ground water Augmentation Award), by Union Ministry of Water Resources

References

External links
 `Project Siruthuli' looking at power or manure
 Reviving the tanks

Environmental organisations based in India
Organisations based in Coimbatore
Water in India
Organizations with year of establishment missing
RealThings. IBM RealThings is a software interface design methodology proposed by IBM in 1998. Instead of using traditional computer-based elements, RealThings proposes that images of physical real-life objects are used instead. This was aimed to be more "natural and intuitive, allowing users to focus more on their tasks and less on computer artefacts".

As a demonstration IBM created RealPhone, RealCD and RealBook.

There were some indications that the examples chosen did not faithfully represent things in real life.

See also
 Microsoft Bob
 Skeuomorph

References

IBM software