omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Ghent Bio-Energy Valley. The Ghent Bio-Energy Valley is a joint initiative, started in 2005, of Ghent University, the city of Ghent, the Port of Ghent, the Development Agency East Flanders, and a number of industrial companies. The initiative aims at the development of biofuels and bio-enzymes. It is an initiative of Professor Wim Soetaert of the university and aiming towards a bio-based economy.

The initiative is centered on:
 Stimulation of technological innovation
 Industrial integration and clustering
 Public acceptance and sensibilisation.

See also
 European Biofuels Technology Platform

References

External links
 Ghent Bio-Energy Valley
 Ghent Bio-Energy Valley (Dutch)
 bio-based economy (Dutch)

Science parks in Belgium
Flanders
Geography of East Flanders
Geography of Ghent
Jacob Salatun. Raden Jacob Salatun (29 May 1927 in Banyumas – 3 February 2012 in Jakarta) was an Indonesia Air Force 3-star officer (Air marshal). He is known as a founder of Indonesia's National Institute of Aeronautics and Space in 1963. Between 28 March 1966 and 25 July 1966 he was Minister of Industry in Indonesia.

Salatun observed UFO phenomena in 1974. Two of his famous works are "Menjingkap Rahasia piring terbang" (Revealing the Secret of Flying Saucer) in 1960, and "UFO: Salah Satu Masalah Dunia Masa Kini" (UFO, One Of The Present Riddles) in 1982. He established SUFOI (Indonesian UFO Study) in the 1980s. In a letter published in 1974 he wrote, "I am convinced that we must study the UFO problem seriously for reasons of sociology, technology, and security."

References

 Birnes, William J. "The UFO Magazine UFO Encyclopedia", New York: Pocket Books, 2004.

1927 births
2012 deaths
Ufologists
Government ministers of Indonesia
Indonesian Air Force air marshals
People from Banyumas Regency
DAR 6. The DAR 6 was a 1930s Bulgarian two-seat basic or advanced biplane training aircraft.

Design and development
The DAR 6 was designed by Zevtan Lazarov.  It was constructed by the Bulgarian State Aircraft Workshops (DAR).

The aircraft was a conventional biplane with a fixed tailskid landing gear.  It was powered by a radial engine.

Three versions were initially developed:
Basic training version, powered by an 85 hp (63 kW) Walter Vega engine;
Advanced training version, powered by a 145 hp (108 kW) Walter Mars I engine;
1937 Model DAR 6a.  This variant offered faired struts and redesigned divided landing gear.  It was powered by a 150 hp (112 kW) Walter Mars I engine.

Operators

 Bulgarian Air Force

Specifications (DAR 6)

References

Bibliography

 The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft, (Part Work 1982–1985), Orbis Publishing, Page 1295

1930s Bulgarian military trainer aircraft
DAR 06
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Dayton-Wright OW.1 Aerial Coupe. {|
|}
The Dayton-Wright OW.1 Aerial Coupe was an American four-seat touring aircraft built by the Dayton-Wright Company of Dayton, Ohio.  Because it was the last aircraft designed by Orville Wright, the design was given the designation OW.1. The aircraft was based on a heavily modified De Havilland DH.4. Although only one was produced, the Dayton-Wright OW.1 marks the first working example of a civilian single-engine four passenger light cabin aircraft in the US. The interior was designed for greater comfort compared to contemporaries, and was meant to be more like an automobile interior. It had a side-opening door with two rows of two seats, and a greater focus on luxury. 

It set an altitude record of 19,710 ft (6,010 m) on 22 May 1921. In 1924 it was crashed in an air race, which marked the last time it flew and it was sold for parts. It turned out to be the last aircraft designed in part by one the of the Wright Brothers.

Design and development

Following up on a wartime contract to build the British DH.4 under license, the Dayton-Wright Company looked at development of the type for civil use. One version was designed by Orville Wright. Designated the OW.1 Aerial Coupe (OW standing for Orville Wright), it was the last aircraft designed by one of the Wright brothers. Although based on the DH-4, it had lighter-weight wings, revised landing gear, and a shortened, smaller tail unit. The main difference was a new widened fuselage featuring an enclosed cabin. Initially designed for a forward pilot, with two passengers seated behind, the cabin was later modified to accommodate three passengers.

Operational history

The Dayton-Wright OW.1 was refitted with a  Packard 8, and later equipped with a  Wright-Hisso E inline engine. The OW.1 set an altitude record of  on 22 May 1921, flown by Dayton-Wright test pilot Bernard L. Whelan, and accompanied by three mechanics as passengers. The Aerial Coupe reached the record altitude  after a 2 hr, 31 min flight over USAAC Test Center at McCook Field in Dayton, Ohio. 

The aircraft was used for a publicity stunt, delivering ice cream for the Retail Ice Cream Dealers' Association banquet. 

Whelan and Howard Rinehart (another company test pilot) set up the Rinehart-Whelan Company at Moraine City, Ohio, and acquired the Aerial Coupe in 1923. They planned to market the OW.1 along with other Dayton-Wright designs, but Rinehart crashed the OW.1 in an air race.

A year later, John Montijo, a former Army instructor from Long Beach, California purchased the remains of the crashed OW.1, and used parts from it to rebuild an aircraft called the California Coupe, powered by a Hall-Scott L-6.

Specifications (OW.1)

See also

References
Notes

Bibliography

 The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft, (Part Work 1982–1985). London: Orbis Publishing, 1985. p. 1339.
 Wegg, John. General Dynamic Aircraft and their Predecessors. London: Putnam, 1990. .

External links

 David Horn Collection
 Dayton Innovation Legacy: Interview with Charles Otterbein Adams

1910s United States civil utility aircraft
OW,1
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1919
Dornier Do H Falke. The Dornier Do H Falke (Falcon) was a German single-seat fighter, designed by Claude Dornier and built by Dornier Flugzeugwerke. Although an advanced design for its time, being evaluated by the United States Navy as the Wright WP-1, it did not go into production.

Development
The company started to design a prototype fighter in the early 1920s, based on earlier wartime designs like the Zeppelin-Lindau D.I. It was an all-metal high-wing cantilever monoplane, with the wing above the fuselage on four small struts. It had a conventional cantilever tail unit and a fixed tailskid landing gear. The pilot had an open cockpit just behind the trailing edge of the wing. The aircraft was powered by a Hispano-Suiza piston engine located in the nose. Two aircraft were built by the Swiss subsidiary of Dornier and three by S.D.C.M.P. in Italy, to avoid restrictions on military aircraft production in Germany. It first flew on 1 November 1922, but failed to go into production. One of the Falkes was converted to a floatplane in 1923, powered by a 261 kW (350 hp) BMW IVa V-12 engine, as the Dornier Seefalke.

One Seefalke was shipped to the United States of America by the Wright Aeronautical Company, who fitted it with a licence-built Wright-Hisso H-3 engine. It was evaluated by the United States Navy with the designation Wright WP-1. It performed well, but the Navy considered the monoplane fighter too advanced for its needs.

Operators

United States Navy

Specifications (Dornier-Wright WP-1)

See also

Notes

Bibliography
The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft, (Part Work 1982-1985), Orbis Publishing
Andrade, John. U.S. Military Aircraft Designations and Serials since 1909, Midland Counties Publications, 1979, .
Swanborough, Gordon and Bowers, Peter M. United States Navy Aircraft since 1911. London: Putnam. Second Edition, 1976. .
 

1920s German fighter aircraft
Do H
Wright aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Parasol-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1922
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
FBA 310. The FBA Type 310 was a 1930s French touring flying boat or amphibian built by the Franco-British Aviation Company.

The Type 310 was the last design from FBA and was their only monoplane flying boat. Designed to sell into a growing market for touring flying-boats in the 1920s and 1930s, the 310 was a shoulder-wing flying boat with stabilizing floats attached to the struts that braced the wing to the hull. It was powered by a single 120 hp (89 kW) Lorraine 5Pc radial engine driving a pusher propeller. The engine was strut-mounted above the wing. The cabin accommodated a pilot and two passengers. The proposed price was set as 150000 FRF.

An amphibian version was also built as the 310/1, but the added weight of the landing gear meant that only one passenger could be carried. Design and development ceased in 1931 with the lack of both orders and funds, and the factory closed in 1934 when the company was sold to Société des Avions Bernard.

Variants
Type 310
Production flying-boat, six built.
Type 310/1
Production amphibian, three built.

Specifications (Type 310)

See also

References

External links

FBA 310 on aviafrance.com

1930s French civil utility aircraft
FBA aircraft
Flying boats
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Amphibious aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1930
MERMEC. MERMEC S.p.A. is an Italian company focused in the development of rail transport technologies (signalling, measurement trains and systems, electric traction and telecommunications) and industrial applications. Today, MERMEC employs 2,300 people  (of which more than 1,400 are engineers) and it is present with its solutions in 73 countries worldwide.

MERMEC subsidiaries include MERMEC Inc. (USA), MERMEC France, MERMEC Australia Pty Ltd and MER MEC JAPAN G.K.

History 
Prior to becoming a joint-stock company in 1988, MER MEC was known as Meridional Meccanica, which began in the 1960s.  Meridional Meccanica began making railway maintenance vehicles in the early 1980s and after incorporating focused all of its attention to the railway market.

In the early 1990s MER MEC, in cooperation with the main Italian research institutes, developed an opto-electronic system for the automatic inspection of railway infrastructure conditions.  The 1990s also saw the prototype of the ROGER vehicle which is an acronym for Rilievo Ottico Geometria Rotaia, Italian for optical rail geometry control. In 1997 MER MEC produced the ROGER 1000, a self-propelled vehicle for rail track and overhead line inspection.

On June 17, 2023, MERMEC, led by the President Vito Pertosa, represented Italy at the G7 Transport Ministers' Meeting in Ise-Shima, Mie.

In 2024, MERMEC and Hitachi Rail signed a put option agreement for the sale of Hitachi Rail's main line signalling business in France and its signalling business units in Germany and the UK.

Certifications 
MER MEC has been awarded the following certifications: ISO 14001; ISO 45001; ISO 30415; ISO 27001; ISO 37001; ISO 9001; ISO 3834-2; SA 8000; EN 15085-2

Memberships 
MER MEC is an authorized research laboratory of the Italian Ministry of university and Research and a member of the following organizations: UNISIG; UNIFE; CEN; Consorzio Saturno; ERRAC. MERMEC is also a “Founding Member” of Europe's Rail (former SHIFT2RAIL)

See also 

List of Italian companies

Notes

References 
 MERMEC Group website

Rail industry
Engineering companies of Italy
Technology companies established in 1960
Italian companies established in 1960
Italian brands
1982 Garuda Fokker F28 crash. The 1982 Garuda Fokker F28 crash occurred on March 20, 1982, when a Fokker F28, operated by Garuda Indonesian Airways, operating a passenger flight to on the Jakarta-Lampung route overran the runway at Tanjung Karang-Branti Airport (Lampung) in the province of Lampung, Indonesia, during very heavy rain. The aircraft stopped on 700m (2300ft/770yd) away from the runway in a field with the aircraft setting on fire.

See also
 1979 Garuda Fokker F28 crash, involving the same type of plane and airline
 Air France Flight 358
 Saudia Flight 163

References

External links
 

Accidents and incidents involving the Fokker F28
Airliner accidents and incidents caused by weather
Aviation accidents and incidents in 1982
Aviation accidents and incidents in Indonesia
Airliner accidents and incidents involving runway overruns
Garuda Indonesia accidents and incidents
1982 in Indonesia
March 1982 in Asia
1982 disasters in Indonesia
Psephite. Psephite (Greek: psephos, "pebble") is either a sediment or sedimentary rock composed of fragments that are coarser than sand and which are enclosed in a matrix that varies in kind and amount. It is equivalent to a rudite. Shingle, gravel, breccia, and especially conglomerate, would all be considered psephites. It is equivalent to the Latin-derived term rudite. Psephite is more commonly used for a metamorphosed rudite.

Pettijohn  gives the following descriptive terms based on grain size, avoiding the use of terms such as "clay" or "argillaceous", which carry an implication of chemical composition:

References

Sedimentary rocks
Goldsmiths' Professor of Materials Science. The Goldsmiths' Professorship of Materials Science is a professorship in the University of Cambridge, associated with the Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy.

The professorship was established by grace of 20 November 1931 as the Goldsmiths' Professorship of Metallurgy to replace the Goldsmiths' Readership in Metallurgy. A further gift of £12,500 was received from the Goldsmiths' Company in 1933.  It was retitled the Goldsmiths' Professorship of Materials Science by grace 4 of 19 June 1991.

Goldsmiths' Professors of Metallurgy
 1932  Robert Hutton     (retired 1942)
 1945  George Wesley Austin
 1958  Sir Alan Cottrell      (resigned 1965)
 1966  Robert Honeycombe
 1984  Derek Hull (retired 1991)
 1990 Sir Colin John Humphreys
 2008 Anthony Cheetham

Goldsmiths' Professors of Materials Science

2018 Manish Chhowalla

Sources
 Cambridge University Officers

References 

1931 establishments in England
Materials Science, Goldsmiths'
Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, University of Cambridge
Materials Science, Goldsmiths', Cambridge
Ridley–Watkins–Hilsum theory. In solid state physics the Ridley–Watkins–Hilsum theory (RWH) explains the mechanism by which differential negative resistance is developed in a bulk solid state semiconductor material when a voltage is applied to the terminals of the sample.  It is the theory behind the operation of the Gunn diode as well as several other microwave semiconductor devices, which are used practically in electronic oscillators to produce microwave power.  It is named for British physicists Brian Ridley, Tom Watkins and Cyril Hilsum who wrote theoretical papers on the effect in 1961.

Negative resistance oscillations in bulk semiconductors had been observed in the laboratory by J. B. Gunn in 1962, and were thus named the "Gunn effect", but physicist Herbert Kroemer pointed out in 1964 that Gunn's observations could be explained by the RWH theory.

In essence, RWH mechanism is the transfer of conduction electrons in a semiconductor from a high mobility valley to lower-mobility, higher-energy satellite valleys. This phenomenon can only be observed in materials that have such energy band structures.

Normally, in a conductor, increasing electric field causes higher charge carrier (usually electron) speeds and results in higher current consistent with Ohm's law. In a multi-valley semiconductor, though, higher energy may push the carriers into a higher energy state where they actually have higher effective mass and thus slow down. In effect, carrier velocities and current drop as the voltage is increased. While this transfer occurs, the material exhibits a decrease in current – that is, a negative differential resistance.  At higher voltages, the normal increase of current with voltage relation resumes once the bulk of the carriers are kicked into the higher energy-mass valley.  Therefore the negative resistance only occurs over a limited range of voltages.

Of the type of semiconducting materials satisfying these conditions, gallium arsenide (GaAs) is the most widely understood and used. However RWH mechanisms can also be observed in indium phosphide (InP), cadmium telluride (CdTe), zinc selenide (ZnSe) and indium arsenide (InAs) under hydrostatic or uniaxial pressure.

See also 
 Gunn diode

References

Other sources

Electronic engineering

de:Gunn-Effekt
Sirius Corporation Ltd. Sirius Corporation ltd is a company based in Weybridge, United Kingdom, which provides a range of open-source software services to medium and enterprise level organisations to allow them to maximise their productivity whilst minimising their risk. Sirius provide network and infrastructure deployment, application development and technical support.

Open Source is a model being utilised by many in place of proprietary software. Wikipedia is an example of a project based on the philosophy of open source.

Sirius provide a full Enterprise Stack which can include, but is not limited to, products such as Asterisk (VoIP), JBoss (application server), Apache (web server), Squid (proxy), OGo/Scalix (groupware), Sendmail/Cyrus (email), Samba/CUPS (file & print), OpenLDAP (directory server), PostgreSQL (database), PostGIS (geographic information systems) and Linux (operating system).

Mark Taylor founded Sirius Corporation in 1998.

Sirius have worked with household brands including PepsiCo, BOC, Three, Sony Ericsson, Axa and Specsavers.

In 2008, Sirius was among 12 software suppliers to have been awarded places on the £80m Software for Educational Institutions Framework (SEIF) agreement and in 2009 .

In 2009, Sirius working in partnership with the North West Learning Grid and were awarded a Highly Commended for their work on the NDRB (National Digital Resource Bank) at the e-Government National Awards.

References

The Register Becta green lights open source software in schools, at last
SourceWire Welsh Government Agency demonstrates Open Source best practice
Public Technology.net Open Source web filtering used by 200,000 Yorkshire school children
ZDNet Welsh schools adopt open source email
vnunet.com Vendors build open source groupware alliance
ZDNet Open-source firm accredited for schools

External links

Companies based in Surrey
Companies established in 1998
Free software companies
Cherry Logan Emerson (engineer). Cherry Logan Emerson, Sr. (1888–1959) was an American engineer and academic administrator.

Education
Emerson graduated from Georgia Tech with two bachelor's degrees: one in mechanical engineering (1908) and one in electrical engineering (1909). He was also a charter member of Georgia Tech's ANAK Society, Editor-in-Chief of the Blueprint, and a brother of the Alpha Tau Omega fraternity.

Career
After many years in the electrical power industry, Emerson returned to Georgia Tech as the dean of the School of Engineering in 1945. He was soon appointed vice president in charge of expansion; under his leadership, the Georgia Tech physical plant doubled in size between 1948 and 1955. Emerson left Georgia Tech in 1955 and died in 1959.

Emerson's son, Cherry Logan Emerson, Jr. was a successful chemist, businessman, and philanthropist. Emerson's father was William Henry Emerson, the first dean of Georgia Tech.

References

1959 deaths
Georgia Tech faculty
Georgia Tech alumni
20th-century American engineers
1888 births
20th-century American academics
PowerVM Lx86. PowerVM Lx86 was a binary translation layer for IBM's System p servers. It enabled 32-bit x86 Linux binaries to run unmodified on the Power ISA-based hardware. IBM used this feature to migrate x86 Linux servers to the PowerVM virtualized environment; it was supported on all POWER5 and POWER6 hardware as well as BladeCenter JS21 and JS22 systems.

In contrast to regular emulators only the instructions are translated, not the entire system, thus making it fast and flexible. The Lx86 software senses that it is executing x86 code and translates it to PowerPC code at execution, and these instructions are later cached ensuring that the translation process only has to take place once, further reducing the drop in performance usually associated with emulation. Lx86 does not support applications that access hardware directly, like kernel modules.  Earlier versions of Lx86 did not run code that makes use of SSE instructions, though as of version 1.3.2 the SSE and SSE2 instruction sets were supported.

The product was at first marketed as System p AVE (System p Application Virtual Environment) and was incorrectly reported as PAVE (Portable Advanced Virtualization Emulator) in the press but the name has since changed to PowerVM Lx86. Lx86 was based on the QuickTransit dynamic translator from Transitive, the same that Apple uses for its Rosetta emulation layer that enables Mac OS X to run unmodified PowerPC binaries on their Intel-based Macintoshes.

All versions and releases of the Lx86 product were withdrawn from marketing in September 2011, with support discontinued in April 2013.

References 

 PowerVM Lx86 for x86 Linux applications
 Red Book – Getting started with PowerVM Lx86
 White paper – x86 Linux application consolidation on Power Systems platforms using IBM virtualization technologies
 PowerVM Lx86 on IBM's developerWorks
 IBM's press release 2007-04-23
 X86 applications on IBM's PowerPC servers - Heise online
 IBM Opens Up Beta for PAVE Linux Runtime on Power Chips, The Four Hundred
 IBM US Withdrawal Announcement 911-170

Virtualization software
X86 emulators
IBM software