omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
KHR-1. The KHR-1 is a programmable, bipedal humanoid robot introduced in June 2004 by a Japanese company Kondo Kagaku. At the time of its introduction it was one of the least expensive programmable bipedal robots (prices averaging around $1,600 in the United States and ¥128,000 in Japan). The robot is 34 cm high and has 17 degrees of freedom (each joint is powered by individual servomotor). It is capable of a wide range of motions, including quick kung-fu-style fighting moves.

The KHR-1 can be controlled via RF remote control and modified receiver; however, these units do not come with the robot and must be purchased separately. Other accessories/modifications include additional degrees of freedom (waist and leg motion), a high performance motion processor microcontroller capable of real-time master/slave operation, gyros and multi-axis accelerometers, larger foot/sole plates.

The basic robot, as supplied by Kondo, uses simple control application, named HearttoHeart that allows the user to create or capture a sequence of poses and control the transition speeds. The software also has provisions for creating a series of motions into a longer scenario.

Users of the KHR-1 have developed a number of more advanced control, programming and simulation applications making it possible to create and modify the robot's movements and scenarios on a personal computer.

The KHR-1 is the most commonly used robotic platform used for ROBO-ONE J class robots in Japan. In 2004 the robot won in the Robo-One Jr category (lightweight robots) in the RoboGames (held in the United States).

The KHR series also includes the KHR-2HV and KHR-3HV robots.

References

External links 
Official site

Bipedal humanoid robots
Robots of Japan
2004 robots
Japanese inventions
Dutch pollutant standards. Dutch Standards are environmental pollutant reference values (i.e., concentrations in environmental media) used in environmental remediation, investigation and cleanup.

Barring a few exceptions, the target values are underpinned by an environmental risk analysis wherever possible and apply to individual substances. In most cases, target values for the various substances are related to a national background concentration that was determined for the Netherlands.

Groundwater target values provide an indication of the benchmark for environmental quality in the long term, assuming that there are negligible risks for the ecosystem. For metals a distinction is made between deep and shallow groundwater. This is because deep and shallow groundwater contain different background concentrations. An arbitrary limit of 10 metres has been adopted. The target values shown below are for 'shallow' groundwater, 0 – 10 m depth.

The soil remediation intervention values indicate when the functional properties of the soil for humans, plants and animals is seriously impaired or threatened. They are representative of the
level of contamination above which a serious case of soil contamination is deemed to exist. The target values for soil are adjusted for the organic matter (humus) content and soil fraction <0.2 μm (Lutum - Latin, meaning "mud" or "clay"). The values below are calculated for a 'Standard Soil' with 10% organic matter and 25% lutum.

A case of environmental contamination is defined as 'serious' if >25 m3 soil or >100 m3 groundwater is contaminated above the intervention value.

The values presented below are from Annex 1, Table 1, "Groundwater target values and soil and groundwater intervention values". In previous versions of the Dutch Standards, target values for soil were also present. However, in the 2009 version, target values for soils have been deleted for all compounds except metals.

References

Environmental impact in the Netherlands
Environmental standards
Pollution
TDI. TDI may refer to:

Science and technology
 Tolerable daily intake, in toxicology
 Toluene diisocyanate, an organic chemical
 Time delay and integration, timing synchronization in an image sensor
 Tissue Doppler imaging, a medical ultrasound technology
 Tabbed document interface, a type of graphical user interface
 Total dual integrality, a property of matrices in mathematical optimization
 Transport Driver Interface, used by NT series Windows to abstract level 7 APIs into a common protocol for the Transport Protocol layer
 Trophic Diatom Index, water quality and ecological status; see Sattal
 TDI (engine) (turbocharged direct injection), a diesel engine design used in cars and light vans made by Volkswagen Group

Organizations
 Technical Diving International, a technical diving organization
 Telecommunications for the Deaf, Inc., a nonprofit organization promoting telecommunications devices for the deaf
 Texas Department of Insurance
 The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, a subsidiary of Dartmouth College
 Transportation Displays, Inc., a unit of Outfront Media 
 Technical group of Independents (1999-2001) 
 Technical group of Independents (1979-1984)

Entertainment
 Total Drama Island, an animated reality series
 Total Drama Island (2023), the 2023 reboot with the same name.
 Tangerine Dream Independent, the record label belonging to Edgar Froese
Serialization (disambiguation). Serialization, in computer science, is the process of saving an object so that it can be re-created.

Serialization is also another name for thread or process synchronization.

Serialization or serialisation may also refer to:

Mass serialization of goods in manufacturing, distribution and logistics
Serial (literature), told in contiguous installments in sequential issues of a single periodical publication
 Serializability, in databases and transaction processing
 Seriality, a term used in political science, gender studies, and existentialism
 Serial verb construction, a feature of the grammar of some languages

See also
Serial (disambiguation)
Bert Bos. Gijsbert (Bert) Bos (born 1963) is a Dutch computer scientist known for the development of Argo, a web browser he developed as test application for his style sheet proposal.

Life and work 
Born in The Hague, Bos studied mathematics at the University of Groningen, and wrote his PhD thesis on Rapid user interface development with the script language Gist.

In 1996, he joined the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) to work on Cascading Style Sheets (CSS). He is a former chairman and the current W3C Staff Contact of the CSS Working Group. He is based in Sophia Antipolis, France.

Selected publications 
Bos has, along with Håkon Wium Lie, written a book about Cascading Style Sheets.

 Cascading Style Sheets: Designing for the Web, 
 Cascading Style Sheets: Designing for the Web (2nd Edition), 
Cascading Style Sheets: Designing for the Web (3rd Edition),

References

External links 
Homepage at W3C

1963 births
Living people
Scientists from The Hague
Dutch computer programmers
Dutch computer scientists
University of Groningen alumni
Tiltwing. A tiltwing aircraft features a wing that is horizontal for conventional forward flight and rotates up for vertical takeoff and landing. It is similar to the tiltrotor design where only the propeller and engine rotate. Tiltwing aircraft are typically fully capable of VTOL operations.

The tiltwing design offers certain advantages in vertical flight relative to a tiltrotor. Because the slipstream from the rotor strikes the wing on its smallest dimension, the tiltwing is able to apply more of its engine power to lifting the aircraft. For comparison, the V-22 Osprey tiltrotor loses about 10% of its thrust to interference from the wings. 

Another advantage of tiltwing aircraft is the ease of transition between VTOL and horizontal flight modes.  A tiltrotor must first fly forwards like a helicopter, building airspeed until wing lift is sufficient to allow the nacelles to begin tilting down.  As a note, the MV-22 Osprey's stall speed in airplane mode is .  Conversely, a tiltwing aircraft can begin the transition from helicopter to airplane at zero forward airspeed. Because of this, the Canadair CL-84 Dynavert was able to take off vertically, then accelerate from zero airspeed to  in 8 seconds.

However, the fixed wing of a tiltrotor aircraft offers a superior angle of attack—thus more lift and a shorter takeoff roll—when performing STOL/STOVL operations. 

The main drawbacks of tiltwing aircraft are susceptibility to wind gusts in VTOL mode and lower hover efficiency. The wing tilted vertically represents a large surface area for crosswinds to push against. Tiltrotors generally have better hover efficiency than tiltwings, but less than helicopters.  This is due to the difference in rotor disk loading. 

As of 2014, NASA is testing a diesel-electric hybrid 10-foot 10-rotor tiltwing called the GL-10 Greased Lightning, with most propellers folding during horizontal flight.

List of tiltwing aircraft
Tiltwing designs with rocket, jet, or propeller propulsion

 Weserflug P.1003 (1938)
 Vertol VZ-2 (1957)
 Hiller X-18 (1959)
 Kaman K-16B (1959)
 LTV XC-142 (1964)
 Canadair CL-84 Dynavert (1965)
 NASA GL-10 Greased Lightning (2014)
 Airbus A³ Vahana (2018)

See also
 Thrust vectoring
 Tailsitter
 Tiltrotor
 Tiltjet
 Coleopter
 PTOL
 VTOL

References

Aircraft configurations
Jonathan Sachs. Jonathan Sachs (born June 25, 1947) is a programmer who co-founded Lotus Development Corporation with Mitch Kapor in 1982 and created the first version of the Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet program.  Sachs left Lotus in 1985 to develop photo-editing software for his own Cambridge, Massachusetts based company, Digital Light & Color, which has been distributing its product, Picture Window, since 1994.

Sachs was born in Baltimore, Maryland and received his BS in math from MIT in 1970.  He later worked at MIT for several years, where he wrote the STOIC language, at Data General, and at Concentric Data Systems.

1-2-3 was known for its speed and efficiency.  The original program was implemented in Intel 8088 assembly language, rather than a higher level language such as C. It was also nearly bug-free, and introduced the letter hierarchical menus still used in Windows applications. Later versions of 1-2-3 were implemented in C, becoming much larger and more complex.

See also
 Graphics software
 List of video editing software
 Photo manipulation

References

External links
 1-2-3 Hits the Ground Running
 Digital Light & Color

1947 births
Living people
American computer businesspeople
Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science alumni
Blink comparator. A blink comparator is a viewing apparatus formerly used by astronomers to find differences between two photographs of the night sky. It permits rapid switching from viewing one photograph to viewing the other, "blinking" back and forth between the two images taken of the same area of the sky at different times. This allows the user to more easily spot objects in the night sky that have changed position or brightness. It was also sometimes known as a blink microscope. It was invented in 1904 by physicist Carl Pulfrich at Carl Zeiss AG, then constituted as Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung.

In photographs taken a few days apart, rapidly moving objects such as asteroids and comets would stand out, because they would appear to be jumping back and forth between two positions, while all the distant stars remained stationary. Photographs taken at longer intervals could be used to detect stars with large proper motion, or variable stars, or to distinguish binary stars from optical doubles.

The most notable object in our solar system to be found using this technique is Pluto, discovered by Clyde Tombaugh in 1930.

The Projection Blink Comparator (PROBLICOM), invented by amateur astronomer Ben Mayer, is a low-cost version of the professional tool. It consists of two slide projectors with a rotating occluding disk that alternately blocks the images from the projectors. This tool allowed amateur astronomers to contribute to some phases of serious research.

Modern replacements 
In modern times, charge-coupled devices (CCDs) have largely replaced photographic plates, as astronomical images are stored digitally on computers. The blinking technique can easily be performed on a computer screen rather than with a physical blink comparator apparatus as before.

The blinking technique is less used today, because image differencing algorithms detect moving objects more effectively than human eyes can. To measure the precise position of a known object whose direction and rate of motion are known, a "track and stack" software technique is used. Multiple images are superimposed such that the moving object is fixed in place; the moving object then stands out as a dot among the star trails. This is particularly effective in cases where the moving object is very faint and superimposing multiple images of it permits it to be seen better.

See also 

 Hinman collator
 Visual comparison

References 

Astronomical imaging
Optical devices
Observational astronomy
Products introduced in 1904
1904 in science
Carl Zeiss AG
Fragile matter. In materials science, fragile matter is a granular material that is jammed solid.  Everyday examples include beans getting stuck in a hopper in a whole food shop,  or milk powder getting jammed in an upside-down bottle.  The term was coined by physicist Michael Cates, who asserts that such circumstances warrant a new class of materials.  The jamming thus described can be unjammed by mechanical means, such as tapping or shaking the container, or poking it with a stick.

Cates proposed that such jammed systems differ from ordinary solids in that if the direction of the applied stress changes, the jam will break up.  Sometimes the change of direction required is very small.

Perhaps the simplest example is a pile of sand, which is solid in the sense that the pile sustains its shape despite the force of gravity.  Slight tilting or vibration is enough to enable the grains to shift, collapsing the pile.

Not all jammed systems are fragile, i.e. foam.  Shaving foam is jammed because the bubbles are tightly packed together under the isotropic stress imposed by atmospheric pressure.  If it were a fragile solid, it would respond plastically to shear stress, however small.  But because bubbles deform, foam actually responds elastically provided that the stress is below a threshold value. Fragile matter is also not to be confused with cases in which the particles have adhered to one another ("caking").

References
 
Granularity of materials
Jean-Daniel Nicoud. Jean-Daniel Nicoud (born 31 August 1938), is a Swiss computer scientist, noted for inventing a computer mouse with an optical encoder and the CALM (Common Assembly Language for microprocessors).

He obtained a degree in physics at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) in 1963. Around 1965, he became interested in logical systems. He obtained his PhD at the EPFL in 1970 and became a professor in 1973. 

His laboratory, LAMI (LAboratoire de Micro-Informatique), developed the Smaky computer, in addition to the optical computer mouse, an update of the traditional kinetic mouse invented by Douglas Engelbart. The Khepera mobile robot was also developed at the LAMI.

He left the EPFL in August 2000 and is actively innovating in his private company, DIDEL, especially in the area of miniature ultralight aircraft (below 10 g airplanes). His airplane was used in a publication that received a best paper award in IROS 2006 conference.

See also

References

Further reading
 Google scholar publication list

External links
A History of Computing in Switzerland
Prof. Jean-Daniel Nicoud @ EPFL
DIDEL - Slow flyers, microrobots and educational kits for technical schools and hobby roboticians

Swiss computer scientists
1938 births
Living people
Academic staff of the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne alumni
Astah*. Astah, formerly known as JUDE (Java and UML Developers' Environment, pronounced ), is a UML modeling tool created by Japanese company Change Vision. JUDE received the "Software Product Of The Year 2006" prize, established by Information-Technology Promotion Agency in Japan.

Versions

JUDE/Community
The Community edition (formerly known as  edition for prior to version 1.4) is free to use and offers the following functionality:
Support of UML 1.4 (part of UML 2.0 expression in commercial version JUDE/Professional)
Class diagram (Object, Package, Subsystem and Robustness Diagrams are included)
Use case diagram
Sequence diagram
Collaboration Diagram
State diagram
Activity diagram
Deployment diagram
Component diagram
Generate Java 1.4 sourcecode from model
Import Java 1.4 source files to create model

JUDE/Professional
JUDE/Professional is the product version of JUDE with all the features of JUDE/Community plus enhancements. It has features such as input-output and diagram creation guidance. It is suitable for business use, large-sized models, and document creation.
A 20-day free trial is available by obtaining an Evaluation License.
Merge JUDE Projects
UseCase Descriptions
UseCase Description Templates
Process Diagram
Model Input-Output function from/to XML
Mindmaps
ER diagram

JUDE/Professional began to support the part of diagrams' expressions of UML2.0 from version 3.0.
Frame
Navigable Association (Class Diagram, UseCase Diagram, Deployment Diagram)
Required Interface (Class Diagram) (from version 3.1)
Provided Interface (Class Diagram) 
CombinedFragment (Sequence Diagram)
InteractionUse (Sequence Diagram)
FoundMessage (Sequence Diagram)
LostMessage (Sequence Diagram)
StateInvariant (Sequence Diagram)
Vertical and Horizontal Partitions (Activity Diagram)
Component Diagram (from version 3.1)
Composite Structure Diagram (from version 3.1)

JUDE/Professional supports also ER diagram from version 3.2.

History 
JUDE development was started by Kenji Hiranabe, CEO of Change Vision, Inc., in 1996.

JUDE was provided as a free software in 1999. Five years later JUDE started selling in the Japanese market. This decision came about because some UML modeling tools existed overseas but they were a bit high priced; and the company would get feedback from Japanese users and could evolve more if JUDE was released on the market.

The number of JUDE users was 120,000 as of October 30, 2006. In September 2009, JUDE was renamed to Astah after receiving concerns from German users who pointed out the product name was similar to the German word Jude, which refers to a male Jew.

See also
UML
List of UML tools
List of SysML tools

References

UML tools
Java development tools
Jhai Foundation. The Jhai Foundation is a non-profit organisation working mainly in Laos.

The foundation's primary project is bringing communication services to rural communities lacking electricity or telephones. They developed the Jhai PC and Communication System, a solid state, low energy consuming computer that can be powered by a foot-crank generator built into a bicycle frame or solar energy, and uses a wireless network to provide VoIP and Internet services.

The JhaiPC runs Linux with a localised version of KDE. The hardware and software design and user documentation for the JhaiPC are completely open and have been released through SourceForge.net.

With the minimal communication technology provided by the JhaiPC small businesses, such as farmers in Ban Phon Kam, are able to get better prices for their products. Jhai is also introducing organic farming techniques, fair trade marketing and direct sales to these farmers.

References

External links

 
 Jhai PC and Communication System at SourceForge

Appropriate technology organizations
Secure Terminal Equipment. Secure Terminal Equipment (STE) is the U.S. government's current (), encrypted telephone communications system for wired or "landline" communications.  STE is designed to use ISDN telephone lines which offer higher speeds of up to 128 kbit/s and are all digital. The greater bandwidth allows higher quality voice and can also be utilized for data and fax transmission through a built-in RS-232 port. STE is intended to replace the older STU-III office system and the KY-68 tactical system. STE sets are backwards compatible with STU-III phones, but not with KY-68 sets.

STE sets look like ordinary high-end office desk telephones and can place unsecured calls to anywhere on the public switched telephone network (PSTN), as well as secured calls on it via the phone's backwards compatible STU-III mode. There is a PC Card slot in the STE that allows a Fortezza Plus (KOV-14) Crypto Card or KSV-21 Enhanced Crypto Card to be inserted.  When an NSA configured Crypto Card is present, secure calls can be placed to other STE phones. STE phones are "releasable" (unlike STU-III sets).  All cryptographic algorithms are in the crypto card.

Newer STE sets can communicate with systems that use the Secure Communications Interoperability Protocol (SCIP) (formerly Future Narrowband Digital Terminal (FNBDT)). There are upgrade kits available for older units.

Models
 Office: The Office STE is the most widely used STE and provides voice and data access to ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) and PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) telecommunications systems.
 Tactical: The Tactical STE is similar to the Office STE but can also access the TRI-TAC (TRI Service TACtical) network and has a serial EIA-530A/EIA-232 BDI (Black Digital Interface) port.
 Data: The Data STE provides remote access for voice, fax, data and video-conferencing. This model has two serial EIA-530A/EIA-232 BDI ports and allows for data transfers to multiple destinations.
 C2: The C2 STE is similar to the Tactical STE but C2 has modified software for use with its Tactical Terminal Locking Handset mechanism.
 STE-R: Similar to the Data STE, the STE-Remote provides dial-in access to the Defense Red Switch Network (DRSN).
 VoIP: The STE now has Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) capability, available as an upgrade to the current models, or built into some new models.

As of 2007, a typical STE terminal cost about $3,100, not including the crypto card.

References

External links
The NAVY INFOSEC WebSite on STU-III and STE

Encryption devices
Secure communication