omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
LANBY. LANBY, a contraction of Large Automatic Navigation BuoY, was a type of floating navigational aid designed to replace lightships. Now obsolete, they were originally made in the USA by General Dynamics and adapted by Hawker Siddeley Dynamics for use in British waters in the early 1970s. They consisted of a circular hull with a raised central structure containing a 360° light and foghorn, and sometimes also a radio beacon. They were monitored from onshore and designed to run for extended periods without repair. Their running costs were estimated to be as low as 10% of those of lightships.

Equipment
UK models followed the General Dynamics design:  Power was supplied by three diesel alternators of 230 V, individually rated at 5 kW continuous output. These were each run in a 72-hour operational cycle of 24 hours under power, followed by 48 at rest. Maintenance and refuelling was at six-month intervals. A static rectifier provided continuous power at 28 V DC, charging a nickel-iron accumulator to operate the xenon discharge tube  main light and ancillary equipment, including a UHF telemetry link to a monitoring shore station.  The Hawker Siddeley models incorporated components from the original General Dynamics design, but were found adequate with only two diesel generator sets — one running continuously for six months, and one on standby. Revolving sealed-beam main lights were substituted for discharge tubes, as they were more easily seen than short-duration flashes.

Withdrawal
Experience showed that it was difficult to attain the required reliability in British waters due to the high acceleration forces experienced in rough seas with  waves and  currents. Alternative experiments were made with more stable platforms, such as the Royal Sovereign Lighthouse — a concrete tower on a flat base constructed on shore, floated into place and sunk to rest on the seabed. 

The automatic technology was later used successfully in more conventional lightships, such as the Calshot Spit lightvessel.

A LANBY replaced the Bar lightship Planet in the Mersey estuary in 1972 and remained in service for 21 years before it was replaced.

References 

Nautical terminology
Navigation
Navigational buoys
Americium(III) chloride. Americium(III) chloride or americium trichloride is the chemical compound composed of americium and chlorine with the formula AmCl3. This salt forms pink hexagonal crystals. 
In the solid state each americium atom has nine chlorine atoms as near neighbours, at approximately the same distance, in a tricapped trigonal prismatic configuration.

The hexahydrate has a monocline crystal structure with: a = 970.2 pm, b = 656.7 pm and c = 800.9 pm; β = 93° 37'; space group: P2/n.

Reactions 
An americium(III) chloride electrorefining method has been investigated to separate mixtures of actinides, since the standard Gibbs free energy of formation of americium(III) chloride is much different than the rest of the actinide chlorides.
This can be used to remove americium from plutonium by melting the crude mixture together with salts such as sodium chloride.

References 

Americium compounds
Chlorides
Actinide halides
Parameter Value Language. In computer programming, Parameter Value Language (PVL) is a markup language similar to XML. It is commonly employed for entries in the Planetary Database System used by NASA to store mission data, among other uses.

There are at least two "dialects" – USGS Isis Cube Label and NASA PDS 3 Label.

References

External links 

 Specification

Markup languages
Technical communication
Computer file formats
Data modeling languages
Cadwork Engineer. Cadwork Engineer is a transportation corridor building information modeling software developed beginning in 2004 by Cadwork informatik AG in Switzerland. Engineer is notable in that when combined with cadwork Lexocad, it is one of the few pieces of 'BIM' infrastructure software.

Technical characteristics 
An early adopter is Marti Group, which implemented cadwork Engineer in the BIM configuration on a civil engineering project in the Baselland Canton.

Engineer files are named with the extension .2dr.

Engineer includes modules:
 Roads
 Motorways
 Railways
 Junctions
 Roundabouts
 Point clouds
 Steel reinforcement
 Bridges
 Topography and maps
 Geographic information systems
 Theodolite interface

Engineer provides automatic calculations:
 Clothoid curves
 Three-radius curves for railway
 Horizontal and vertical jointures
 Truck trajectories
 Earth triangulation
 Retaining wall
 Earth Embankments
 Complex profiles with borders, banquettes, and dividers
 Topographic edits

Interfaces:
 Lexoview is guaranteed with Open Inventor format.
 AutoCAD is guaranteed with DWG format.

See also
Virtual design and construction
Industry Foundation Classes (IFC)
Civil engineering
Construction engineering

References

External links
 
 cadwork ingenieur YouTube tutorials.

Data modeling
Road traffic management
Transportation engineering
Building information modeling
Construction software
Civil engineering
Building engineering software
Construction management
Computer-aided design software
3D graphics software
Computer-aided design software for Windows
SS California (1923). SS California was a British  steam turbine ocean liner built in Glasgow in 1923 for the Anchor Line. She was a sister ship of , Tyrrhenia, ,  and . In 1939 the Royal Navy requisitioned her. She was bombed and abandoned along with the  west of Spain by a Luftwaffe attack in July 1943.

Building
Alexander Stephen & Sons of Linthouse, Glasgow built California for Henderson Brothers. Photographs of the ship taken in the 1930s show only one funnel, meaning a furnace refit, or that the original fore and aft funnels were dummies. Supporting the latter idea, the 1925 photograph of the top panel shows the smoke from the middle funnel.

Career

Pre-War
The California carried passengers between Glasgow and New York via Derry and Boston, and she made about 20 crossings in winter seasons from Liverpool to Bombay.
With the increase in international tourism, the ship's passenger accommodations were redesigned in May 1929 for 206 passengers in cabin class, 440 in tourist class, and 485 in third class.

World War II

In 1939 she was requisitioned by the Admiralty and converted to an Armed Merchant Cruiser, and from 1942 she was a troopship.

Loss
On 8 July 1943 the small fast Convoy Faith, comprising , the troopships  and California, and escorted by the destroyer  and frigate , sailed Port Glasgow, Scotland, for Freetown, Sierra Leone. On the evening of 10 July the convoy rendezvoused with the Canadian destroyer   WSW of Land's End. On 11 July 1943 when about  west of Vigo, Spain, the convoy was attacked by three Focke-Wulf Fw 200 aircraft of Kampfgeschwader 40 from Merignac near Bordeaux.

Accurate high-altitude bombing left Duchess of York and California in flames. The attack cost the lives of 46 servicemen and crew, and both ships were abandoned. It was feared the flames from the troopships would attract U-boats, so in the early hours of 12 July they were sunk by Royal Navy torpedoes in position .

Footnotes

References

External links

BBC World War II People's War

1923 ships
World War II Auxiliary cruisers of the Royal Navy
Ships built on the River Clyde
Maritime incidents in July 1943
Merchant ships of the United Kingdom
Ocean liners
Ships sunk by German aircraft
Steamships of the United Kingdom
Troop ships of the United Kingdom
World War II merchant ships of the United Kingdom
World War II shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean
Igor Bensen. Igor Vasilevich Bensen (; April 1, 1917 – February 10, 2000) was a Russian-American engineer. He founded Bensen Aircraft, a US company which produced a successful line of gyrogliders (rotor kites) and autogyros.

Early life and education
He was born in Rostov-on-Don, Russia, and eventually reached the United States in 1937. He began studies at age 17 while in Belgium, won a scholarship to study in the US three years later. He received a Bachelor of Science degree in mechanical engineering from Stevens Institute of Technology in Hoboken, New Jersey in 1940, later becoming a Registered Professional Engineer.

Career
Bensen flew his first towed gyroglider in 1954.  He founded the Popular Rotorcraft Association (PRA) in 1962, a non-profit interest group for owners and homebuilders of autogyros and helicopters, based in Mentone, Indiana. He was the group's president from 1962 to 1971.

Honors and awards
He received an honorary Doctor of Divinity degree from Indiana University in 1968.

Personal life and death
Bensen died from Parkinson's disease at age 82.

References

External links
 Biography of Igor Bensen at gyroplanepassion.com

Aircraft designers
Russian inventors
1917 births
2000 deaths
People from Mentone, Indiana
Soviet emigrants to the United States
20th-century American engineers
20th-century American inventors
Stevens Institute of Technology alumni
HMS Beagle (1854). HMS Beagle was a wooden-hulled  second-class screw gunvessel launched in 1854 and sold in 1863. She was the third vessel of the Royal Navy to use the name.

Design
The Crimean War sparked a sudden need for shallow-draught, manoeuvrable vessels for inshore work in the Baltic and the Black Sea. The Arrow class of six wooden-hulled screw steamers were built during 1854 to a design by the Surveyor's Department.  Construction was undertaken at two commercial yards on the Thames, R & H Green and C J Mare & Company, both of Leamouth, London.  Two further designs of Crimean War gunvessel were ordered during 1855, the  and the .  The class was built as despatch vessels, but in 1856 were re-designated as second-class gunvessels.

Propulsion
A two-cylinder horizontal single expansion steam engine supplied by Humphrys, Tennant and Dykes provided  through a single screw.

Sail plan
All Arrow-class gunvessels were barque-rigged.

Armament
The Arrow class were provided with two 68-pounder Lancaster muzzle-loading rifled guns weighing  on pivot mounts, and four 32-pounder  guns.

Construction and career
Beagle was laid down at the Leamouth yard of C J Mare & Company on 15 April 1854 and launched on 20 July the same year.  She was commissioned into the Royal Navy two months later on 3 September.

Beagle took part in the Crimean War from 1854 to 1856.  During the Crimean War, two of her ship's company were awarded the Victoria Cross (VC) for their actions: Joseph Trewavas was awarded the VC for his actions in the Sea of Azov, and an acting-mate in Beagle, William Hewett, was awarded the VC for his actions in defending a shore battery.

Beagle was sold to the Satsuma Domain (薩摩藩) of Japan at Hong Kong in 1863 to be used as a training vessel, and was renamed Kenko (乾行) in 1865. She was broken up in 1889.

References

Bibliography

Arrow-class gunvessels
Ships built in Leamouth
1854 ships
Victorian-era gunboats of the United Kingdom
Crimean War naval ships of the United Kingdom
Naval ships of Japan
Pan Am Flight 845/26. Pan Am Flight 845/26 was a four-engined Boeing 377 Stratocruiser named Clipper United States and registered as N1032V. It departed Portland International Airport in Oregon on a flight to Honolulu International Airport in Hawaii on March 26, 1955. The aircraft was en route and about  off the Oregon coast when at 11:12 Pacific Standard Time the No. 3 engine and propeller tore loose from the wing causing a loss of control. The aircraft was ditched. 

The aircraft floated for twenty minutes before sinking in  of water. Approximately two hours after the aircraft ditched, the United States Navy attack transport  arrived on the scene and rescued the 19 survivors. Four people died.

The probable cause was failure of No. 3 propeller which caused the engine to detach and the aircraft to become uncontrollable.

The experience provided lessons that helped prevent any casualties in another ditching the following year, when Pan Am Flight 6 sank between Honolulu and San Francisco.

References
 ICAO Accident Digest Circular 50-AN/45 (92-96)
 "Hobbs v. Franklin life insurance" The Federal Reporter 1958-05-22

External links
 CAB Accident Investigation Report File No. 1-0039 U.S. Department of Transportation Archived Report - Civil Aeronautics Board
 

Aviation accidents and incidents in 1955
Airliner accidents and incidents caused by mechanical failure
Airliner accidents and incidents involving in-flight engine separations
845/26
Airliner accidents and incidents involving ditching
Accidents and incidents involving the Boeing 377
1955 in Oregon
Airliner accidents and incidents in Oregon
March 1955 in the United States
Aviation accidents and incidents in the United States in 1955
Airliner accidents and incidents caused by engine failure
Bensen B-5. The Bensen B-5 was a small rotor kite developed by Igor Bensen in the United States and offered and marketed for home building in 1954. Dubbed the "Gyro-Glider", it was the first of several such designs that would be sold by Bensen Aircraft Corporation over the following decades.

The B-5 was built around a cruciform frame of aluminum tube. Landing wheels were fitted to three points of this cross, and a mast was fitted above its centre to support the rotor hub. The fourth arm of the cross provided a mounting for a large, plywood fin and rudder, reminiscent of that of the Raoul Hafner's Rotachute that had shaped Bensen's thinking about rotor kite design.

The aircraft was intended to be towed behind a car, and could be built at home from easily obtained materials in about three to four weeks.

The B-5 was also the model converted to the Bensen Mid-Jet which was powered by two tip mounted ramjets for military use.

References

External links
 Bensen Aircraft Foundation 
 "Front Cover" Popular Science, July 1954.

1950s United States sport aircraft
Rotor kites
B-05
Homebuilt aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1953
Bensen B-9. The Bensen B-9 Little Zipster was a small helicopter developed by Igor Bensen in the United States in the 1950s and marketed for home building. Similar in general configuration to Bensen's previous rotor kite and autogyro designs, it consisted of an open aluminum framework but substituted the autorotating main rotor for a coaxial, counter-rotating system of two, two-bladed rotors. A large tailfin provided directional stability, and the aircraft was controlled by a handlebar system extending over the pilot's head to the rotor hub.

Specifications

References
 Bensen Aircraft Foundation 
 Vortech page on B-9
 

1950s United States sport aircraft
B-09
Homebuilt aircraft
1950s United States helicopters
Aircraft first flown in 1958
Single-engined piston helicopters
Lindholmen Science Park. Lindholmen Science Park is a science park dedicated to research and development in mobile communication, intelligent vehicles and transports systems, and modern media industry, located in Lindholmen Gothenburg, Sweden.

Chalmers University of Technology, the University of Gothenburg, and the IT University of Göteborg collaborate with high tech industries and the local community in different development projects. Currently 250 companies with 24,000 employees are active at Lindholmen, the biggest companies are Volvo Cars, Volvo Technology, Ericsson, IBM, Semcon and SVT.

Campus Lindholmen has 10,000 university students, scientists, and teachers. Several gymnasiums are also located in the vicinity. 

The main operators of Lindholmen Science Park are Gothenburg Municipality, Chalmers University of Technology, the University of Gothenburg, Volvo Group, Ericsson, Volvo Cars, Business Region Göteborg, TeliaSonera, Saab, and the Swedish Road Administration.

External links 
Lindholmen Science Park – English
Lindholmen Science Park – Swedish

1999 establishments in Sweden
Chalmers University of Technology
Buildings and structures in Gothenburg
Science parks in Sweden
University of Gothenburg
Hisingen
Brian Wardle (academic). Brian Lee Wardle (born 1969) is a professor in the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Wardle is Director of MIT's Nano-Engineered Composite aerospace STructures (NECST) Consortium, and is a principal member of the Technology Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Structures (TELAMS). He is active in the MEMS@MIT community as part of the Microsystems Technology Laboratory (MTL).

Wardle's research interests are in the area of structures and materials, primarily focusing on aerospace applications, and currently focuses on composite systems, active materials, structural health monitoring (SHM), and power-conversion devices at the MEMS scale. Other topics of interest to his group include structural mechanics, durability, advanced material systems, safety/reliability and performance of structural systems, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), structural health monitoring and nanocomposites.

The MIT NECST Consortium, founded by Wardle in 2006, actively develops technologies for improving the performance of advanced aerospace materials/structures, primarily through strategic use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) combined with traditional advanced composites to form hybrid architectures. The group specializes in a novel synthesis technique for producing high-quality, long (several millimeters), aligned CNTs which can be strategically incorporated in existing advanced composite systems.

References

External links
 MIT Page
 MIT NECST Consortium

Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty
Living people
1969 births
Manning Publications. Manning Publications is an American publisher specializing in content relating to computers. Manning mainly publishes textbooks but also release videos and projects for professionals within the computing world.

Company 

Manning was founded in 1990 as a book packaging business by business partners Marjan Bace and Lee Fitzpatrick.

Manning did business with most of the established technical publishers as well as with the IEEE Computer Society Press. Their scope included all of engineering and computing. An early success was the publication of a materials science series of a dozen specialized tomes; it included the large Encyclopedia of Materials Characterization with over 50 contributors. Soon Manning began to see computing topics as the liveliest and most interesting.

Manning would eventually be drawn to the computer industry. Computing soon became the focus of Manning's publishing. Manning's first customer for a computer book was Addison Wesley. Addison Wesley's reputation helped open doors at other leading commercial houses, a number of whom became Manning customers.

The company introduced a unique Manning Early Access Program (MEAP) which allows subscribers to receive incremental completed chapters before the book is finally published. It has also partnered with its competitor O'Reilly Media to add some of its digital library on the Safari Books Online cloud platform.

Branding 

The covers of books published by Manning feature illustrations of traditional dress customs from around the world. These illustrations are from a variety of historical sources, such as the 1805 edition of Sylvain Maréchal's four-volume compendium of regional dress customs, and Thomas Jefferys' A Collection of the Dresses of Different Nations, Ancient and Modern.

See also
 :Category:Manning Publications books

References 

Publishing companies established in 1990
Book publishing companies based in New York (state)
Computer book publishing companies
Companies based in Suffolk County, New York
1990 establishments in the United States
Anping County. Anping () is a county located in the middle of Hebei Province, it is about  away from Shijiazhuang, the provincial capital. Anping is known for its metal wire mesh in China and around the world. Over five hundred years ago, Anping people began to weave wire mesh products. There are 6700 factories and/or workshops engaged in production of metal wire mesh products and over 100,000 people in production and sales of metal wire mesh. Export quantity of metal wire mesh products from Anping accounts for over half of that of China.

Following the fast development of trading business with the world, the related industries as international trading, travel and translation agents emerged like mushrooms after rain who provide business help for coming visitors from the world, such as SinoGuider, Mearsk, Cosco, Sinotrans, CMA, CN-13shipping, Evergreen-Marine for transporting and trading services, and SinoGuider company specially for language translation and business guidance services.

Anping county won many titles due to the strong trading business of iron wire mesh, such as National-level county, Base of China Wire Mesh, National Advanced County.

There is a national class commodity fair in Anping named "Anping Iron Wire Mesh World" where coming visitors can easily find hundreds of factories and agents who display their products.

Administrative Divisions
Towns: Anping (), Madian (), Nanwangzhuang ().

Townships: Dahezhuang Township (), Chengyouzi Township (), Xiliangwa Township (), Daziwen Township (), Donghuangcheng Township ().

Climate

References

External links 

 
County-level divisions of Hebei
Hengshui
Oceanside Water Pollution Control Plant. The Oceanside Water Pollution Control Plant, also called the Oceanside Treatment Plant, is a wastewater treatment plant operated by the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission in San Francisco, California, United States. The award-winning facility is noted for its mostly underground construction inside a hollowed-out hill. It is between Ocean Beach and Lake Merced in the far-southwest corner of the city, near the San Francisco Zoo and the California National Guard.

Overview

Oceanside is a secondary treatment plant handling about 20% of the city's wastewater from one-third of the city's residents. Its maximum capacity is  per day, with an average daily dry weather flow of . It discharges treated water about  offshore into the Pacific Ocean. Construction on the ,  facility began in January 1990 and was completed in June 1994. 70% of the structure is underground, covered with  of earth and landscaping.

Renaming proposal
In 2008, a voter group called the Presidential Memorial Commission of San Francisco proposed the facility be renamed the George W. Bush Sewage Plant in faux honor of the forty-third U.S. president, George W. Bush.  By summer 2008, the effort had received a sustained burst of coverage from local and prominent national and international print and broadcast outlets. The proposal received 11,999 signatures, while only 7,168 were required for the measure. It appeared as Proposition R on the November 4, 2008 ballot, to become effective on 20 January 2009.

Organizer Brian McConnell stated the reasons for the ballot proposal and renaming.

 Fifty years from now in a civics class, students will learn about the Lincoln Memorial, that other presidents are on Mount Rushmore – and George W. Bush got a sewage plant. It will prompt people to ask why, and they can discuss the Iraq war, and everything that led to it. People want to forget the bad moments of history, and this is our way of making sure that doesn't happen.

In response to a question on the White House reaction to the proposal, Press Secretary Dana Perino noted that it did not "[dignify] a response." The official argument against Proposition R in the voter handbook had suggested that, given the total amount of the federal debt at the end of the Bush administration, "Maybe it would be more appropriate to name the local bankruptcy court or a consumer credit counseling center after Bush?" The proposal failed by a wide margin with 70 percent voting no at the polls.

References

External links
Official Webpage
Septic Tank Treatment

San Francisco Bay watershed
Sewage treatment plants in California
Government buildings in San Francisco
Government of San Francisco
Environment of the San Francisco Bay Area
Infrastructure completed in 1994
1994 establishments in California