omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
USCGC Spar (WLB-403). USCGC Spar (WLB-403) was a  sea going buoy tender. An Iris class vessel, she was built by Marine Ironworks and Shipbuilding Corporation in Duluth, Minnesota. Spar's preliminary design was completed by the United States Lighthouse Service and the final design was produced by Marine Iron and Shipbuilding. On 13 September 1943 the keel was laid, she was launched on 2 November 1943 and commissioned on 12 June 1944. The original cost for the hull and machinery was $865,941.

Spar was one of 39 original  seagoing buoy tenders built between 1942 and 1944. All of the seagoing buoy tenders were built in Duluth except .

Spar's most notable accomplishment was a mission to be the first vessels to circumnavigate North America along with sister ship  and the larger  from 18 May to 24 September 1957. Spar was the first vessel to circumnavigate the North American continent within one year. In 1966, nine years after the northwest passage mission, Spar was assigned a mission conducting oceanographic survey that included port calls at Iceland, Norway, Denmark, Germany, and Ireland.

Spar was decommissioned in 1997 and sold at auction.  After changing hands several times, she ended up being transferred to the Northeastern Maritime Historical Foundation, who evaluated her and determined their best use of the ship was to sell her, or parts of her, to raise money to support their other projects.  Spars main engines, generators, and other equipment were removed and sold to re-power another vessel.  The hull was prepared and sunk in June 2004 in 100 feet of water,  off Morehead City, North Carolina, where she now serves as an artificial reef.

References

Footnotes

Citations

References cited

External links
Northeastern Maritime Website

Iris-class seagoing buoy tenders
1943 ships
Ships built in Duluth, Minnesota
Ships sunk as artificial reefs
Shipwrecks of the Carolina coast
Zeek. Zeek is a free and open-source software network analysis framework. Vern Paxson began development work on Zeek in 1995 at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. Zeek is a network security monitor (NSM) but can also be used as a network intrusion detection system (NIDS). The Zeek project releases the software under the BSD license.

Output
Zeek's purpose is to inspect network traffic and generate a variety of logs describing the activity it sees. A complete list of log files is available at the project documentation site.

Log example

The following is an example of one entry in JSON format from the conn.log:

Threat hunting

One of Zeek's primary use cases involves cyber threat hunting.

Name
The principal author, Paxson, originally named the software "Bro" as a warning regarding George Orwell's Big Brother from the novel Nineteen Eighty-Four. In 2018 the project leadership team decided to rename the software. At LBNL in the 1990s, the developers ran their sensors as a pseudo-user named "zeek", thereby inspiring the name change in 2018.

Zeek deployment
Security teams identify locations on their network where they desire visibility. They deploy one or more network taps or enable switch SPAN ports for port mirroring to gain access to traffic. They deploy Zeek on servers with access to those visibility points. The Zeek software on the server deciphers network traffic as logs, writing them to local disk or remote storage.

Zeek application architecture and analyzers
Zeek's event engine analyzes live or recorded network traffic to generate neutral event logs. Zeek uses common ports and dynamic protocol detection (involving signatures as well as behavioral analysis) to identify network protocols. 

Developers write Zeek policy scripts in the Turing complete Zeek scripting language. By default Zeek logs information about events to files, but analysts can also configure Zeek to take other actions, such as sending an email, raising an alert, executing a system command, updating an internal metric, or calling another Zeek script. 

Zeek analyzers perform application layer decoding, anomaly detection, signature matching and connection analysis.  Zeek's developers designed the software to incorporate additional analyzers. The latest method for creating new protocol analyzers relies on the Spicy framework.

References

External links
 
 Bro: A System for Detecting Network Intruders in Real-Time – Vern Paxson
 Zeek Nedir? Nasıl Kurulur? – KernelBlog Emre Yılmaz (in Turkish)

Free security software
Computer security software
Unix security software
Intrusion detection systems
Software using the BSD license
EMILE. EMILE is the Early Mac Image Loader, a bootloader for loading Linux on Macintosh computers that have m68k processors. It was written by Laurent Vivier, and is meant to eventually replace the Penguin booter that is more usually in use.

In contrast to the Penguin booter, which requires a working classic Mac OS installation, EMILE modifies the boot block on a hard disk to boot Linux directly.

External links 
 EMILE, site SourceForge
 EMILE, mirror GitHub

Free boot loaders
Haruna-class destroyer. The Haruna-class destroyer was a destroyer class built for the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF) in the early 1970s. These helicopter carrying destroyers (DDH) were built around a large central hangar which housed up to three helicopters.

Originally, the Coastal Safety Force and its successor, the JMSDF, had intended to enable its fleet aviation operating capability. In 1960, the Defense Agency planned to construct one helicopter carrier (CVH) with the Second Defense Build-up Plan, but this project was shelved and finally cancelled because the JMSDF changed their plan to dispersing its fleet aviation assets among destroyers, not concentrating in a few helicopter carriers. The Japanese DDH was planned to be a hub with this dispersing fleet aviation concept with their logistics service capability for aircraft.

At the beginning, equipment of this class were similar to those of the  DDA. All weapons, two 5-inch/54 caliber Mark 42 (Type 73) guns and one Type 74 octuple missile launcher (Japanese version of the American Mark 16 GMLS), were settled on the forecastle deck. But with the Fleet Rehabilitation and Modernization (FRAM) program in 1983 and 1984, Sea Sparrow launchers, Phalanx CIWS systems and chaff launchers were added on the superstructure. The upgrade program also added the Naval Tactical Data System (NTDS)  with the OYQ-6/7 combat direction system.

The rear half of the superstructure was helicopter hangar, and the afterdeck was the helicopter deck with a beartrap system. To operate large HSS-2 ASW helicopters safely, the full length of the helicopter deck reached 50 meters.

Ships in the class

Gallery

References

External links

GlobalSecurity.org; JMSDF DDH Haruna Class

Destroyer classes
Bundesautobahn 85. was a planned Autobahn in Germany, supposed to connect Schwäbisch Hall with Ravensburg via Backnang, Stuttgart, Metzingen and Riedlingen. Its construction has been postponed.

Exit list 

 

 
|-
|colspan="3"|

| built as 

|----
|colspan="3" style="background-color:#ddd;"|  unterbrochen, weiterer Bedarf

|-
|colspan="3"|

| built as 

 

  
 
 

|}

External links 

85
A085
Proposed roads in Germany

de:Liste der Bundesautobahnen in Deutschland#A 80 bis A 89
Bundesautobahn 91. was a planned autobahn in Germany, supposed to connect Feuchtwangen with Füssen. Parts of the planned construction have been carried out as Bundesstraße 2 and Bundesstraße 17, however further building activities were postponed.

Exit list 

|-
|colspan="3"|

 
|built as 

|-
|colspan="3"|

 
|built as 

 

 (2009)
 (2009) 
 (2009)
 (2009)

|-
|colspan="3"|

|built as 

|-
|colspan="3"|

|built as 

|-
|colspan="3"|

|built as 
  
 

|}

External links 

91
A091
A091
Proposed roads in Germany
80 series. The  was an electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by Japanese National Railways (JNR) from 1950 until 1983. A total of 652 vehicles were built.

Variants
 80-0 series
 80-100/200 series: Trains introduced from 1956 with increased seat pitch and improvements for use in cold regions
 80-300 series: Trains with all-steel bodies

Interior

Preserved examples
Two first-batch 80 series cars, driving car KuHa 86001 and intermediate car MoHa 80001, are preserved on display at the Kyoto Railway Museum in Kyoto.

References 

Train-related introductions in 1950
Electric multiple units of Japan
1500 V DC multiple units of Japan
VTune. VTune Profiler (formerly VTune Amplifier) is a performance analysis tool for x86-based machines running Linux or Microsoft Windows operating systems. Many features work on both Intel and AMD hardware, but the advanced hardware-based sampling features require an Intel-manufactured CPU.

VTune is available for free as a stand-alone tool or as part of the Intel oneAPI Base Toolkit.

Features

 Languages C, C++, Data Parallel C++ (DPC++), C#, Fortran, Java, Python, Go, OpenCL, assembly and any mix. Other native programming languages that adhere to common standards can also be profiled.
 ProfilesProfiles include algorithm, microarchitecture, parallelism, I/O, system, thermal throttling, and accelerators (GPU and FPGA).
 Local, Remote, Server  VTune supports local and remote performance profiling.  It can be run as an application with a graphical interface, as a command line or as a server accessible by multiple users via a web browser.

See also 

 Intel Advisor
 Intel Inspector
 oneAPI (compute acceleration)
 Intel Developer Zone
 List of performance analysis tools

References

External links 

 
 VTune Profiler
 Intel oneAPI Base Toolkit

Intel software
Profilers
Francis Baird. Francis Baird (1802–1864) was an engineer of Scottish ancestry in Saint Petersburg, who took over his father's business manufacturing machinery, ships, and metalwork for some of the city's major structures.

Life 
He was born on 28 February 1802, one of Charles Baird's three sons, and the only one to live beyond his thirties. He joined his father's company in St. Petersburg at the age of 17 and also went to the University of Edinburgh.

In 1823 he was elected to the Institution of Civil Engineers, one of its earliest members.

He married Dorothea Halliday in 1828 and they had ten children.

Some of the time he worked with his cousin William Handyside, who had a leading role in several engineering projects, and it is not entirely clear how much he helped Handyside with the specialist castings for the Alexander Column and Saint Isaac's Cathedral. The cathedral work continued under Francis Baird's supervision when Handyside left Russia after Charles Baird died in 1843. At this time, Francis took over the Baird Works and the rest of his father's business. The decorative railings on the Nicholas Bridge (opened 1850) were produced by Baird's while he was in charge.
 
In 1860 the Baird Works were flourishing with between 1200 and 1500 employees, and were producing half a million roubles worth of goods per year. Francis Baird died on 25 March 1864, having received many Imperial honours. A memoir of his life and his father's was published after his death.

Reading
A. Kempton, Robert William Rennison, T. Cox, Biographical Dictionary of Civil Engineers in Great Britain and Ireland, Vol 1 (London 2002)
James Nasmyth, Autobiography (1885)
Memoir of the late Charles Baird, esq., of St Petersburg, and of his son, the late Francis Baird, esq., of St. Petersburg and 4, Queens Gate, London (London, 1867) 

1802 births
1864 deaths
Engineers from Saint Petersburg
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
People from the Russian Empire of Scottish descent
19th-century engineers from the Russian Empire
Vickers (disambiguation). Vickers is a famous name in British engineering that existed through many companies starting in 1826.

Vickers may also refer to:

People
 Vickers (surname)
 Baroness Vickers, a life peerage awarded to Joan Vickers, Baroness Vickers (1907–1994)

Companies

 Vickers Aircraft Company, a New Zealand aircraft manufacturer unrelated to the British conglomerate
 Vickers Limited (1828–1927), a British engineering conglomerate
 Canadian Vickers (1911–1944), a Canadian subsidiary of Vickers Limited
 Vickers-Armstrongs (1927–1977), engineering conglomerate arising from the merger of Vickers Limited with Sir W G Armstrong Whitworth & Company
 Vickers plc (1977–1999), including Vickers Defence Systems, the defence arm of Vickers plc, sold by Rolls-Royce plc to Alvis plc in 2002
 Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering (1871-2007), the former shipbuilding and armaments division of Vickers Armstrongs
 Vickers Petroleum (1918–1980), an American petroleum company unrelated to the British conglomerate

Places
 Vickers Nunatak, Ross Dependency, Antarctica, a massive nunatak (glacial island)
 Vickers, a community in the township of West Grey, Ontario, Canada

Other uses
 Vickers Aircraft Wave, a two seated amphibious aircraft
 Vickers hardness test, popular method for measuring the hardness of materials
 Vickers machine gun, produced by Vickers Limited

See also
 Vicker (disambiguation)
 Vicar (disambiguation)
Scholl reaction. The Scholl reaction is a coupling reaction between two arene compounds with the aid of a Lewis acid and a protic acid. It is named after its discoverer, Roland Scholl, a Swiss chemist.

In 1910 Scholl reported the synthesis of a quinone  and of perylene from naphthalene both with aluminum chloride. Perylene was also synthesised from 1,1’-binaphthalene in 1913. The synthesis of Benzanthrone was reported in 1912.

The protic acid in the Scholl reaction is often an impurity in the Lewis Acid and also formed in the course of a Scholl reaction. Reagents are iron(III) chloride in dichloromethane, copper(II) chloride, PIFA and boron trifluoride etherate in dichloromethane, Molybdenum(V) chloride and lead tetraacetate with BF3 in acetonitrile.

Given the high reaction temperature and the requirement for strongly acidic catalysts the chemical yield often is low and the method is not a popular one. Intramolecular reactions fare better than the intermolecular ones, for instance in the organic synthesis of 9-phenylfluorene:

Or the formation of the pyrene dibenzo-(a.1)-pyrene from the anthracene 1-phenylbenz(a)anthracene (66% yield).

One study showed that the reaction lends itself to cascade reactions to form more complex polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 

In certain applications such as triphenylene synthesis this reaction is advocated as an alternative for the Suzuki reaction. A recurring problem is oligomerization of the product which can be prevented by blocking tert-butyl substituents:

Reaction mechanism 

The exact reaction mechanism is not known but could very well proceed through an arenium ion. Just as in electrophilic aromatic substitution, Activating groups such as methoxy improve yield and selectivity:   Indeed, oxidative coupling of phenols is a research strategy in modern organic synthesis.  

Two mechanisms may compete. In step one of a radical cation mechanism  a radical cation is formed from one reaction partner by oxidation, in step two the radical ion attacks the second neutral partner in a substitution reaction and a new radical ion is formed with one ring bearing the positive charge and the other one the radical position. In step three dihydrogen is split off with rearomatisation to the biaryl compound. In the arenium ion mechanism one reaction partner is protonated to an arenium ion which then attacks the second reaction partner. The arenium ion can also be formed by attack of the Lewis acid. The mechanisms are difficult to distinguish because many Lewis acids can behave as oxidants. Reactions taking place at room-temperature with well-known one-electron oxidizing agents likely proceed through a radical cation mechanism and reactions requiring elevated temperatures likely proceed through an arenium ion mechanism.

References

See also
 Friedel-Crafts alkylation

Substitution reactions
Name reactions
FX8010. The FX8010, is a DSP architecture, designed for realtime audio effects, designed by E-mu, around their E-mu 10K1 chip. One key feature of the architecture, is not providing any branching instructions, but rather running the whole program in a sample locked constant loop, i.e. a constant number of instructions is executed per sample. Instructions are given conditional execution flag akin to some RISC processors (notably the ARM), thus providing a constant runtime.

External links
kxProject documentation page - Some documentation available here

Digital signal processors
LinuxThreads. In the Linux operating system, LinuxThreads was a partial implementation of POSIX Threads introduced in 1996. The main developer of LinuxThreads was Xavier Leroy. It has been superseded by the Native POSIX Thread Library (NPTL).

Implementation
LinuxThreads had a number of problems, mainly owing to the implementation, which used the clone system call to create a new process sharing the parent's address space. For example, threads had distinct process identifiers, causing problems for signal handling; LinuxThreads used the signals SIGUSR1 and SIGUSR2 for inter-thread coordination, meaning these signals could not be used by programs.

To improve the situation, two competing projects were started to develop a replacement; NGPT (Next Generation POSIX Threads) and NPTL. NPTL won out and is today shipped with the vast majority of Linux systems. , LinuxThreads may still be seen on production systems, particularly those using version 2.4 or lower of the Linux kernel, as NPTL requires facilities which were specifically added into the 2.6 version of the kernel for its use.

LinuxThreads was also ported to and used on FreeBSD.

References

External links
 The LinuxThreads library, Xavier Leroy Home Page
 Linux threading models compared: LinuxThreads and NPTL, IBM 2006

Threads (computing)
Millennium Coastal Park. The Millennium Coastal Park was originally a project undertaken by Llanelli Borough Council to transform a 12 miles stretch of industrial wasteland on the south Carmarthenshire coast into green parkland.  The project was then taken over by Carmarthenshire County Council after the amalgamation of Welsh local authorities and the land was transformed into a landscaped recreational area for the general public. The park is 1000 hectares in area, cost £35 million to develop and in 2002 was awarded a Civic Trust Award. It has extensive views over the Lloughor Estuary to the Gower Peninsula. It includes a cycle track which provides traffic-free cycling and has been described as "one of the finest stretches of the whole National Cycle Network". Another feature is a wave-shaped, grass-covered landform, created from  pulverised fuel ash, a form of "land art".

Another part of the project is the Burry Port Marina which provides berthing for 250 craft in three harbours. The Discovery Centre on the waterfront provides information on the park and its facilities. The Lloughor estuary is a Site of Special Scientific Interest and is within the Carmarthen Bay Special Area of Conservation. The Millennium Coastal Park offers various wildlife habitats such as wetlands and rough grassland, and these are preserved in the Pwll Lagoon Local Nature Reserve, the Ashpits Pond Local Nature Reserve and the North Dock Dunes Local Nature Reserve.

The park offers views of the Gower Peninsula on the other side of the Loughor estuary, and features a variety of visitor attractions including the North Dock visitor centre, National Wetlands Centre Wales at Penclacwydd and Sandy Water Park.  The Millennium Coastal Path (a stretch of the Celtic Trail cycle route, also known as National Cycle Route 4) runs through the park.

See also
WWT National Wetlands Centre

References

Llanelli
Geography of Carmarthenshire
Nuclear power by country. Nuclear power plants operate in 32 countries and generate about a tenth of the world's electricity. 
Most are in Europe, North America and East Asia.
The United States is the largest producer of nuclear power, while France has the largest share of electricity generated by nuclear power, at about 70%.

Some countries operated nuclear reactors in the past but have no operating nuclear power plants at present. Among them, Italy closed all of its nuclear stations by 1990 and nuclear power has since been discontinued because of the 1987 referendums.
Kazakhstan phased out nuclear power in 1999 but is planning to reintroduce it possibly by 2035 under referendum. Germany operated nuclear plants since 1960 until the completion of its phaseout policy in 2023. Austria (Zwentendorf Nuclear Power Plant) and the Philippines (Bataan Nuclear Power Plant) never started to use their first nuclear plants that were completely built.

Sweden and Belgium originally had phase-out policies however they have now moved away from their original plans. The Philippines relaunched their nuclear programme on February 28, 2022 and may try to operate the 1984 mothballed Bataan Plant.

As of 2020, Poland was in advanced planning phase for 1.5 GW and planned to have up to 9 GW by 2040. 
Hong Kong has no nuclear power plants within its boundary, but imports 80% of the electricity generated from Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station located across the border, in which the power company of the territory holds stake. In 2021, Iraq declared it was planning to build 8 nuclear reactors by 2030 to supply up to 25% electric power in a grid that was suffering from shortages.

Overview 

Of the 32 countries in which nuclear power plants operate, only France, Slovakia, Ukraine and Belgium use them as the source for a majority of the country's electricity supply as of 2021. Other countries have significant amounts of nuclear power generation capacity. By far the largest nuclear electricity producers are the United States with 779,186 GWh of nuclear electricity in 2023, followed by China with 406,484 GWh. As of the end of 2023, 418 reactors with a net capacity of 371,540 MWe were operational, and 59 reactors with net capacity of 61,637 MWe were under construction. Of the reactors under construction, 25 reactors with 26,301 MWe were in China and 7 reactors with a capacity of 5,398 MWe were in India.

See also 
 List of commercial nuclear reactors
 List of nuclear power stations
 Nuclear energy policy by country
 List of nuclear power accidents by country
 List of countries by uranium reserves
 World Nuclear Industry Status Report

Notes

References

External links 
 World Nuclear Generation and Capacity

 
Nuclear technology
Hans Hagen. Hans Hagen (born 1953) is a professor of computer science at the University of Kaiserslautern. His main research interests are scientific visualization and geometric modelling.

From 1999 to 2003 he was the editor in chief of IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics.

He got the John Gregory Memorial Award and the Solid Modelling Pioneer Award  for his achievements in Geometric Modeling in 2002. His lifetime contributions to Scientific Visualization were honored by the IEEE Visualization Career Award  and the IEEE Visualization Academy of Science membership.

(Prof. Dr.) Hans Hagen is not to be confused with Hans Hagen, the author of the ConTeXt macro package for the TeX typesetting system.

References

1953 births
Living people
German computer scientists
Weigh lock. A weigh lock is a specialized canal lock designed to determine the weight of barges in order to assess toll payments based upon the weight and value of the cargo carried. This requires that the unladen weight of the barge be known.

A barge to be weighed was brought into a supporting cradle connected by levers to a weighing mechanism. The water was then drained and the scale balance adjusted to determine the barge gross weight. Subtracting the tare weight (the weight of the barge when empty) would give the cargo weight. Originally weighlocks measured the weight of the barge, initially by measuring the displacement of water from the lock by collecting the liquid in a separate measuring chamber after the barge had entered.  This method also requires that the unladen weight of the barge be known.

See also 
 Weigh bridge, a device for weighing trucks and railcars.

References

External links 

 Erie Canal — The Weigh Lock

Locks (water navigation)
Weighing instruments