omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
USS McKee (DD-87). USS McKee (DD-87) was a  built for the United States Navy during World War I.

Description
The Wickes class was an improved and faster version of the preceding . Two different designs were prepared to the same specification that mainly differed in the turbines and boilers used. The ships built to the Bethlehem Steel design, built in the Fore River and Union Iron Works shipyards, mostly used Yarrow boilers that deteriorated badly during service and were mostly scrapped during the 1930s. The ships displaced  at standard load and  at deep load. They had an overall length of , a beam of  and a draught of . They had a crew of 6 officers and 108 enlisted men.

Performance differed radically between the ships of the class, often due to poor workmanship. The Wickes class was powered by two steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft, using steam provided by four water-tube boilers. The turbines were designed to produce a total of  intended to reach a speed of . The ships carried  of fuel oil which was intended gave them a range of  at .

The ships were armed with four 4-inch (102 mm) guns in single mounts and were fitted with two  1-pounder guns for anti-aircraft defense. Their primary weapon, though, was their torpedo battery of a dozen 21 inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes in four triple mounts. In many ships a shortage of 1-pounders caused them to be replaced by 3-inch (76 mm) anti-aircraft (AA) guns.
They also carried a pair of depth charge rails. A "Y-gun" depth charge thrower was added to many ships.

Construction and career
McKee, the second ship named for Hugh W. McKee, was laid down 29 October 1917 by Union Iron Works, San Francisco, California, launched 23 March 1918, sponsored by Mrs. J. Tynan, and commissioned 7 September 1918. Following a west coast shakedown, McKee sailed from Mare Island 13 September 1918, transited the Panama Canal the 27th, and reported for duty with Destroyer Flotilla 5 at New York 2 October. In this late phase of World War I, short coastal sailings preceded her departure from Hampton Roads 28 October as a convoy escort. Upon her arrival in the Azores 5 November she was assigned to a returning convoy and entered New York Harbor 2 December. Early in 1919 she steamed to Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, for fleet exercises from 26 January to 4 April. A number of voyages from Key West, Florida, to Halifax, Nova Scotia, kept her crew well trained prior to her reporting Portsmouth, New Hampshire, 13 December to be placed in reduced commission.

From July 1921, McKee based first at Newport, Rhode Island, then at Charleston, South Carolina, and in the aftermath of the Washington Disarmament Conference proceeded to Philadelphia in April 1922. Decommissioning 16 June 1922, she was struck from the Navy list 7 January 1936 and sold to Boston Iron & Metal Company, Inc., Baltimore, Maryland, for scrapping.

Notes

References

External links
NavSource Photos

Wickes-class destroyers
World War I destroyers of the United States
Ships built in San Francisco
1918 ships
Dry dam. A dry dam is a dam constructed for the purpose of flood control.  Dry dams typically contain no gates or turbines, and are intended to allow the channel to flow freely during normal conditions.  During periods of intense rainfall that would otherwise cause floods, the dam holds back the excess water, releasing it downstream at a controlled rate.

Development of dry dams was pioneered by the Miami Conservancy District which built five such dams on tributaries to the Great Miami River to prevent flooding of the Miami Valley and Dayton, Ohio.

See also
 Levee
 Hydrology

References

External links
Miami Conservancy District: How a dry dam works

Dams by type
Flood control projects
Hydrology
History of Dayton, Ohio
Thermal infrared spectroscopy. Thermal infrared spectroscopy (TIR spectroscopy) is the subset of infrared spectroscopy that deals with radiation emitted in the infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum.  The emitted infrared radiation, though similar to blackbody radiation, is different in that the radiation is banded at characteristic vibrations in the material.  The method measures the thermal infrared radiation emitted (as opposed to being transmitted or reflected) from a volume or surface.  This method is commonly used to identify the composition of surface by analyzing its  spectrum and comparing it to previously measured materials. It is particularly suited to airborne and spaceborne applications.

Thermal infrared spectrometers

Airborne
HyTES: the Hyperspectral Thermal Emission Spectrometer operated by JPL and flown on a Twin Otter or ER2 aircraft
TIMS: the Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner, a multispectral radiometer flown on C-130, ER-2, and the Stennis Learjet aircraft.
SEBASS: a hyperspectral sensor developed and operated by The Aerospace Corporation.
Hyper-Cam: a hyperspectral thermal infrared camera developed by Telops.
OWL: a hyperspectral thermal infrared camera developed by Specim.

Spaceborne
ISM: An imaging spectrometer on board the Soviet Phobos 2 spacecraft.
ASTER: a multispectral radiometer on board the Earth-observing Terra satellite.
TIS: A spectrometer is on board the Mangalyan spacecraft.
TES: A hyperspectral spectrometer on board the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft.
Mini-TES: a small version of the TES instrument carried on both Mars Exploration Rovers.
THEMIS: a multispectral thermal infrared imager on board the 2001 Mars Odyssey spacecraft.
OTES: thermal spectroscopy aboard OSIRIS-REx spacecraft

References

External links
 Arizona State University TES Homepage
 Description of the TIMS instrument

Infrared spectroscopy
Remote sensing
Thermotaxis. Thermotaxis is a behavior in which an organism directs its locomotion up or down a gradient of temperature.

Lab research has determined that some slime molds and small nematodes (namely  Meloidogyne incognita) can migrate along amazingly shallow temperature gradients of less than 0.1°C/cm and sometimes as low as 0.001°C/cm. Theoretical analysis indicates that even this impressive feat is far from pushing the limits set by thermal noise. The natural environment always contains temperature gradients that organisms could respond to, if it were useful. The response of the  slime mold and nematode is complicated and thought to allow them to move toward an appropriate level in soil. Recent research suggests that mammalian sperm employ thermotaxis to move to an appropriate location in the female's oviduct (see Sperm guidance).

References

Taxes (biology)
Gregor Kiczales. Gregor Kiczales is an American Canadian computer scientist. He is currently a professor of computer science at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. He is best known for developing the concept of aspect-oriented programming, and the AspectJ extension to the Java programming language, both of which he designed while working at Xerox PARC. He is also one of the co-authors of the specification for the Common Lisp Object System, and is the author of the book The Art of the Metaobject Protocol, along with Jim Des Rivières and Daniel G. Bobrow.

Most of Kiczales' work throughout the years has been focused on allowing software engineers to create programs that look as much as possible like their design, to reduce complexity and make code maintenance easier, ultimately improving software quality.

Career 
After pursuing undergraduate studies at MIT, Kiczales started his research career in 1980 at the MIT Lab for Computer Science, where he stayed until 1983. In 1984, he joined the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center software research lab as member of research staff, becoming principal scientist in 1996. Throughout his time at PARC, Kiczales developed some of his most important research works, including aspect-oriented programming and AspectJ. He left PARC in 1999 to focus on computer science education.

In 2000, he moved to Canada and joined the Department of Computer Science at the University of British Columbia as a tenured professor. At UBC, Kiczales started the Software Practices Lab and designed a number of courses related to software engineering and programming languages. Most importantly, he designed CPSC 110, the introductory programming course in the UBC curriculum, which students take in their first year of undergraduate studies. The course focuses on systematic program design by means of design recipes.

In 2002, he co-founded Intentional Software with Charles Simonyi, but then left the company in 2003 in order to return to UBC.

In 2012, he won the Senior AITO Dahl-Nygaard Prize for his work on the Common Lisp Object System, and was named an ACM Fellow for his contributions to aspect-oriented programming.

In July 2017, he was appointed executive director of UBC Extended Learning.

See also 

 Aspect-oriented programming
 AspectJ
How to Design Programs
 MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
 PARC (company)
 UBC Department of Computer Science

References

External links 
 Gregor Kiczales' homepage
edX courses by Gregor Kiczales

Living people
1961 births
American computer scientists
Canadian computer scientists
Programming language researchers
2012 fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Scientists at PARC (company)
Academic staff of the University of British Columbia Faculty of Science
Philippe Flajolet. Philippe Flajolet (; 1 December 1948 – 22 March 2011) was a French computer scientist.

Biography
A former student of École Polytechnique, Philippe Flajolet received his PhD in computer science from University Paris Diderot in 1973 and state doctorate from Paris-Sud 11 University in 1979. Most of Philippe Flajolet's research work was dedicated towards general methods for analyzing the computational complexity of algorithms, including the theory of average-case complexity. He introduced the theory of analytic combinatorics. With Robert Sedgewick of Princeton University, he wrote the first book-length treatment of the
topic, the 2009 book entitled Analytic Combinatorics. In 1993, together with Rainer Kemp, Helmut Prodinger and Robert Sedgewick, Flajolet initiated the successful series of workshops and conferences which was key to the development of a research community around the analysis of algorithms, and which evolved into the AofA—International Meeting on Combinatorial, Probabilistic, and Asymptotic Methods in the Analysis of Algorithms.

A summary of his research up to 1998 can be found in the article "Philippe Flajolet's research in Combinatorics and Analysis of Algorithms" by H. Prodinger and W. Szpankowski, Algorithmica 22 (1998), 366–387.

At the time of his death from a serious illness, Philippe Flajolet was a research director (senior research scientist) at INRIA in Rocquencourt.

From 1994 to 2003 he was a corresponding member of the French Academy of Sciences, and was a full member from 2003 on. He was also a member of the Academia Europaea.

Memory
The HyperLogLog commands of Redis, released in April 2014, are prefixed with "PF" in honor of Philippe Flajolet. The Flajolet Lecture Prize, which has been awarded since 2014, was also named in honor of him.

Philippe Flajolet also received the 2019 Leroy P. Steele Prize from the American Mathematical Society for his work in Mathematical Exposition. More specifically, for his book "Analytic Combinatorics" which he co-wrote with Robert Sedgewick and Professor William O. Baker.

Selected works
 with Robert Sedgewick: An Introduction to the Analysis of Algorithms. 2nd edition, Addison-Wesley, Boston, Mass. 1995, 
 with Robert Sedgewick: Analytic Combinatorics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2009,  
 Random tree models in the analysis of algorithms. INRIA, Rocquencourt 1987 (Rapports de recherche; Vol. 729)
 with Andrew Odlyzko: Singularity analysis of generating functions. University Press, Stanford, Calif. 1988

References

External links 
 Philippe Flajolet's Home Page
 Philippe Flajolet and Analytic Combinatorics, Conference in the memory of Philippe Flajolet
 Luc Devroye, Philippe Flajolet, 1 December 1948 – 22 March 2011
 Philippe Flajolet: Philippe Flajolet, On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences

1948 births
2011 deaths
École Polytechnique alumni
French computer scientists
Members of the French Academy of Sciences
Members of Academia Europaea
20th-century French mathematicians
21st-century French mathematicians
Graph theorists
French number theorists
Gore (road). In road and highway construction, a gore (or nose in modern British English) is a triangular plot of land as designated when a road forks at the intersection with second road, or merges on and off from a larger one.  A "virtual" (or theoretical) gore is a triangular shaped space, characteristically marked off with distinguishing highway paint, often found leading to the unpaved area of a larger physical gore.

The term gore (describing a space) is a historic one, representing a characteristically triangular piece of land, often designated incidentally when two surveys failed to meet. Etymologically it is derived from gār, meaning spear. 

A theoretical gore is commonly marked with transverse or chevron painted lines (much as traffic islands) at both entrance and exit ramps.  These help separate drivers on the mainline from those entering and exiting the highway, and also aid the latter category of drivers in regulating their speed while accelerating and decelerating.  Gores at exit ramps occasionally feature impact attenuators, especially when something solid follows the theoretical or physical gore, such as a bridge abutment.

In the US, at the "theoretical gore point", a dotted white line becomes a wide solid white channelizing line and another wide solid white line angles off along the edge of the diverging road, forming an elongated white triangle in front of the gore. This as a "neutral area" with white chevron markings optionally added.

See also
 Intersection (road)

References

External links
 

Road infrastructure
Road surface markings

de:Fahrbahnmarkierung#Flächenmarkierungen
Turicum (automobile). The Turicum was a Swiss automobile manufactured from 1904 to 1906 in Zürich and from 1907 to 1912 in Uster. The car's name Turicum is the Latin name of Zürich. The first car made by Martin Fischer was a small single-seater go-kart like vehicle. The car was  long, with pedal-operated steering and powered by a motorcycle engine. The car had a chain drive, while a second prototype had a friction drive. The friction drive consisted of a flat steel disc coupled to the engine that drove a small, leather-covered wheel running at right angles to its surface. The small wheel could be moved across the surface of the large disc, giving a variable gear ratio. The cars attracted little public interest. Swiss industrialist Jakob Heusser was involved in the venture.

Production cars
Conventional production cars were manufactured in Uster, with a steering wheel and two-seater body were shown at the Paris Salon in 1906. The cars had a single-cylinder air-cooled engine of  capacity. A false radiator was fitted that acted as a fuel tank. The friction drive was retained and would be used on future cars.

In 1907, a 10/12 hp model with four-cylinder engine of  was introduced, and the single-cylinder model had its engine enlarged to . Two and four-seat, open and closed bodies were offered. Fisher left the company in September of 1907. In 1912, a 16/26 model with  engine was announced and could be ordered with a conventional gearbox. In 1918 a total of 90 Turicum were produced.

Exports
Sales in the home country were good, and cars were exported to Egypt, Italy, France, Germany, England, Denmark, Russia, Poland, Hungary, Turkey, Argentina, and South Africa. The company hit financial problems, and Production ended in 1912.

Preservation
Eleven cars still survive.

Gallery

References

External links
 Photo of the 1907 Turicum 12 HP Model F at the Swiss Transport Museum in Lucerne, Switzerland 

Car manufacturers of Switzerland
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of Switzerland
Defunct companies of Switzerland
Uster
Cars introduced in 1904
Cars discontinued in 1912
Unicon (programming language). Unicon is a programming language designed by American computer scientist Clint Jeffery with collaborators including Shamim Mohamed, Jafar Al Gharaibeh, Robert Parlett and others. Unicon descended from Icon and a preprocessor for Icon called IDOL. Compared with Icon, Unicon offers better access to the operating system as well as support for object-oriented programming. Unicon began life as a merger of three popular Icon extensions: an OO preprocessor named Idol, a POSIX filesystem and networking interface, and an ODBC facility. The name is shorthand for "Unified Extended Dialect of Icon."

Features 
Compared with Icon, many of the new features of Unicon are extensions to the I/O and system interface, to complement Icon's core control and data structures. Rather than providing lower-level APIs as-is from C, Unicon implements higher level and easier to use facilities, enabling rapid development of graphic- and network-intensive applications in addition to Icon's core strengths in text and file processing.

Feature list 
 Classes and packages
Exceptions as a contributed class library - see mailing list
 Loadable child programs
 Monitoring of child programs
 Dynamic loading of C modules (some platforms)
 Multiple inheritance, with novel semantics
 ODBC database access
 dbm files can be used as associative arrays
 Posix system interface
 3D graphics
 True concurrency (on platforms supporting Posix threads)

When run as a graphical IDE, the Unicon program ui.exe continues to offer links to Icon help.

The official Unicon programming book in PDF format is a popular way to learn Unicon. The book includes an introduction to object-oriented development as well as UML. It includes useful chapters on topics such as the use of Unicon for CGI. Recent additions to Unicon include true concurrency.

Unicode 
Unicon is not yet Unicode-compliant. There are opportunities posted at a help-wanted page.

Example code
procedure main()
	w := open("test UNICON window", "g")
	write(w, "Hello, World!")
	read(w)
	close(w)
end

See also
 Rebol, a similar web-oriented expression-based language without the use of keywords
 Curl, multi-paradigm web content functional language which is also expression-based but only for client-side
 Coroutine
 Generators
 Continuation

References

External links
 Unicon
 
 Unicon Programming book
 Posix Interface for Unicon 
 ADAPTING SNOBOL-STYLE PATTERNS TO UNICON
 Java version of Icon
 Unicon at 99-bottles 
 Literate programs

Icon programming language family
Pattern matching programming languages
Text-oriented programming languages
SNOBOL programming language family
Josef Schneider Sr.. Josef Schneider Sr. (29 May 1840 – 14 March 1927) was the first producer of electricity in Germany and founded the Elektrizitätswerk Horb. He was born in Bühlertann and died at the age of 87 in his hometown Horb am Neckar, Baden-Württemberg.

In 1890 Josef Schneider was granted a patent by royal warrant from the King of Württemberg to become the first German electricity producer. The next year, together with Ernst Werner von Siemens, he made significant improvements to the dynamo. In 1892 Germany saw its first electric light with the help of a steam turbine developed by Josef Schneider Sr. The first electricity was sold to the Hohenzollern royal family. Two years later (1894), a fire destroyed the original generating plant, motivating construction of the first private hydro-electric power plant in Horb am Neckar (Black Forest). By 1912, he and Oskar von Miller were the first to connect eleven cities in the Stuttgart-Munich region to an electric grid using high-voltage lines. In 1922, he assisted in the development of the Voith-Francis Turbine.

1970s
 
In 1975, the family firm, Elektrizitätswerk Horb KG, was incorporated and granted an electricity monopoly for generation, transmission, and sale of electricity to southwestern Baden-Württemberg. It continued to be owned by the Schneider family. In 1980 Josef Schneider Jr. helped to develop the Ossberg-Streamturbine.

Schneider Power

The Elektrizitätswerk Horb am Neckar KG was sold to EnBW (formerly, Energie Versorgung Schwaben) in 1985. 
In 2004 Thomas Schneider, the great great grandson of Josef Schneider, founded Schneider Power Inc. (TSXV:SNE), a publicly listed Company on the TSX Venture Exchange and one of Canada's largest wind power producers, with wind turbines operating in Germany, the United States, and Canada.

In 2009 Schneider Power was acquired by Irvine California-based, Quantum Fuel Systems Technologies Worldwide Inc. (NASDAQ:QTWW). As of 2016 Quantum Fuel Systems LLC is wholly owned by K&M Douglas Trust, a family-owned $1 billion private equity firm run by Kevin Douglas.

See also
 Renewable Energy

References

External links
 Schneider Power Inc.

1840 births
1927 deaths
People from Schwäbisch Hall (district)
German electrical engineers
Engineers from Baden-Württemberg

fr:Josef Schneider
Airhead. An airhead is a designated area in a hostile or threatened territory which, when seized and held, allows the air landing of further teams and materiel via an airbridge, and provides the maneuver and preparation space necessary for projected operations. Normally, it is the area seized in the assault phase of an airborne operation. It may also be used as a staging or refueling point for less permanent operations.

Typically, an airhead is established by helicopter-landed or paratrooper forces, and often will take place at an airport (to allow conventional transport to land later on) or at a helicopter or glider-accessible area.

Notable airhead operations include Battle of Crete and Operation Market Garden during World War II, and Operation Just Cause in Panama in 1989. Operation Castor was intended to establish an offensive airhead, but quickly degenerated into the Siege of Dien Bien Phu. Another recent example includes the Battle of Hostomel Airport.

See also
 Beachhead
 Bridgehead
 Lodgement

References

DOD: Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms. United States of America: US Department of Defense. June 5, 2003.

Head
Military geography

no:Brohode
Tracking transmitter. A tracking transmitter broadcasts a radio signal which can be detected by a directional antenna (typically a Radio Direction Finder). By rotating the antenna one can determine the direction the signal lies in and of course whatever it may be attached to.  The EPIRB is an example of a similar device.

It is commonly used in model rocketry and remote control aircraft to locate lost equipment.

See also
 Homing beacon
 Emergency locator beacon

External links
1.5 volt example transmitter

Wireless transmitters
Skyhawk. Skyhawk may refer to:

Aircraft and military
 Cessna 172 Skyhawk, a single-engine, four-seat light airplane
 Douglas A-4 Skyhawk, a ground-attack jet aircraft
 Seibel S-4, a helicopter evaluated by the United States Army under the designation YH-24 Sky Hawk
 SkyHawks Parachute Team, the Canadian Forces parachute demonstration team
 Sky Hawk, an Iranian experimental air-to-air version of the MIM-23 Hawk air defense missile

Automobiles
 Buick Skyhawk, a compact car built from 1975 to 1989
 Studebaker Sky Hawk, a 1956 two-door coupe automobile

Other uses
 Skyhawk (mascot), a mascot for the Atlanta Hawks professional basketball team
 Skyhawk, the mascot of Stonehill College, a college in Easton, MA
 Tennessee–Martin Skyhawks, an athletic program of The University of Tennessee at Martin
 Skyhawk (Cedar Point), a flat ride at Cedar Point amusement park in Sandusky, Ohio, US
 Skyhawk (comics), a Marvel Comics character
 Skyhawks (TV series), an animated cartoon television series sponsored by Mattel Toys
 Sky Hawk (manga), a Japanese manga series
 The Sky Hawk, a 1929 film
 A neighborhood in Santa Rosa, California

See also
 Captain Skyhawk, a video game developed by Rare for the NES
 Cessna CH-1 Skyhook, based on the Seibel S-4B