omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
MSCP. MSCP may be an abbreviation for:
 Mass Storage Control Protocol, a software protocol developed by Digital Equipment Corporation
 Math and Science College Preparatory, a secondary school in Los Angeles, California, USA
 Mean Spherical Candle Power, a unit of measure that represents the average output of a light source measured in all directions (360°)
 Melbourne School of Continental Philosophy, an independent school based at the University of Melbourne, Australia
 Multi-storey car park, a chiefly British abbreviation for an automobile parking structure
 Manipur State Congress Party, is former political party in the Indian state of Manipur.
André Truong Trong Thi. André Trương Trọng Thi (1936–2005) was a Vietnamese-French computer engineer. He is considered to be the "father of the personal computer" for his 1973 creation along with French inventor François Gernelle of the Micral N microcomputer based on an Intel 8008 processor, one of the world's first commercial microcomputers.

Early life
Trương Trọng Thi was born in 1936 in Cholon (Saigon). When he was 14 years old, he arrived in France to study, and later studied at the École française de radioélectricité (now EFREI). After working for Schlumberger and Intertechnique for some time, he formed the company R2E (Réalisation d'Études Électroniques) in 1971.

In 1973, thanks to François Gernelle and a team of engineers, his company created the Micral, the first non-kit microprocessor-based personal computer in the world. It was created two years before the MITS Altair of Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems arrived on the market. In 1981, R2E was absorbed by Groupe Bull.

The Micral computers were turned into a line of PC-compatibles in 1983. André Truong Trong Thi resigned from Bull, and joined the company Normerel formed by J. R. Tissot, a former member of R2E management. He developed the Oplite personal computer for Normerel. Normerel was in 1988 the third French computer maker after Groupe Bull and SMT Goupil. 
   
In 1995, he formed APCT, a software company specializing in cryptography. In 1999, he was awarded the Légion d'honneur.

He died on April 4, 2005, in Paris after being hospitalized for two and a half years.

External links
A Talk with the Father of Computing - Wired Magazine
Death of Andre Truong, inventor of the microcomputer - ZDNet France. Published on April 6, 2005
"Cha đẻ của máy vi tính" - Kỹ sư gốc Việt Trương Trọng Thi qua đời (the father of the personal computer passes away)Vietnam Television

French people of Vietnamese descent
20th-century French engineers
Vietnamese engineers
1936 births
2005 deaths
20th-century engineers
Doktoringenieur. The Doktoringenieur (acronym Dr.-Ing., also Doktor der Ingenieurwissenschaften) is the German  engineering doctorate degree, comparable to the Doctor of Engineering, Engineering Doctorate, Doctor of Science (Engineering), Doctor of Science (Technology) or a PhD in Engineering or Architecture.

It was first introduced in 1899, in the context of the centenary of the Technische Hochschule Charlottenburg (not Technische Universität Berlin), at the Prussian Technische Hochschule. The other German states adopted it in the following years. In contrast to the other historic doctoral degrees (e.g. Dr. phil., Dr. iur. or Dr. med.), the Doktoringenieur was not titled in Latin but German, and therefore written with dash (Dr.-Ing.).

In the field of mathematics, computer science and natural sciences, some universities offer the choice between Dr.-Ing. and Dr. rer. nat. based on the primary focus of the dissertation. If the contributions focus slightly more on applied scientific engineering a Dr.-Ing. is given, while a Dr. rer. nat. is preferred if the dissertation contains more theoretical scientific contributions. A German doctorate is usually a research doctorate and is awarded in the context of the so-called Promotion that also requires a dissertation.

It should not be confused with a Dutch double title dr. ing., indicating that one holds both a research doctorate (dr.) from a university and an engineer's degree (ing.) from a Dutch polytechnic (i.e. Hogeschool).

See also 
 Dr. rer. nat.

References 

Doctoral degrees
Engineering education
Architectural education
Chandigarh College of Engineering and Technology. Chandigarh College of Engineering and Technology (CCET) is a public engineering college in Chandigarh, Punjab, affiliated with Panjab University. CCET, formerly known as Central Polytechnic Chandigarh (CPC), was established in 1959. Founded as the Central Polytechnic Chandigarh (CPC) in 1959, Punjab Governor J. F. R. Jacob renamed the college in 2002 when it introduced two new engineering branches. CCET is the only technical college offering both diplomas and degrees in Chandigarh.

Campus 

The college campus extends over an area of  of land situated close to the Shivalik ranges and Sukhna Lake in sector 26 of Madhya Marg a posh area of Chandigarh. The campus is divided into zones like administration blocks for Degree and Diploma stream, and hostels and residential complex for faculty and staff.

In addition to lecture halls, tutorial rooms and drawing halls, the college has an auditorium, library, computer centers, workshops, laboratories and playgrounds. The college has a branch of State Bank of India with ATM facility, extension counter of Post Office and a canteen. The campus has a unit of the National Cadet Corps (NCC).

The college is under the administrative control of the Directorate of Technical Education, Chandigarh Administration for its degree courses and Punjab State Board of Technical Education and Industrial Training for its Diploma courses.

References

External links
 Official website
 Chandigarh Engineering College

All India Council for Technical Education
Educational institutions established in 2002
Engineering colleges in Punjab, India
Engineering colleges in Chandigarh
Transmissibility (structural dynamics). Transmissibility, in the context of structural dynamics, can be defined as the ratio of the maximum force () on the floor as a result of the vibration of a machine to the maximum machine force ():

Where  is equal to the damping ratio and  is equal to the frequency ratio.  is the ratio of the dynamic to static amplitude.

Further reading
 Vibration Control and Measurement
 Tech Tip: Spring & Dampers, Episode Four

References

Structural analysis
Microsoft Automatic Graph Layout. Microsoft Automatic Graph Layout (MSAGL) is a .NET library for automatic graph layout.
It was created by Lev Nachmanson at Microsoft Research. 

Earlier versions carried the name GLEE (Graph Layout Execution Engine).

Contents 
The MSAGL software supplies four programming libraries:

 , a device-independent graph layout engine;
 , a device-independent implementation of graphs as graphical user interface objects, with all kinds of graphical attributes, and support for interface events such as mouse actions;
 , a Windows.Forms-based graph viewer control.
 , a WPF (Windows Presentation Foundation) based graph viewer control.

A trivial application is supplied to demonstrate the viewer.

Features 
MSAGL performs layout based on "principles of the Sugiyama scheme; it produces so called layered, or hierarchical, layouts" (according to the MSAGL home page). A modified Coffman–Graham scheduling algorithm is then used to find a layout that would fit in a given space. More detailed description of the algorithm can be found in .

At some time, it did not support a wide range of different layout algorithms, unlike, for instance, GraphViz or GUESS.

It does not appear to support incremental layout.

Availability and licensing 
MSAGL is distributed under MIT License as open source at GitHub.

See also 

 graph layout
 Graph algorithms
 Graphviz, an open-source graph drawing system from AT&T

References

External links 
 MSAGL home page
 MSAGL in a browser
 US Patent 7932907

Graph drawing software
Free and open-source software
Automatic Graph Layout
Microsoft Research
Programming tools for Windows
Software using the MIT license
Windows-only free software
SSCE. SSCE may refer to:

 Senior Secondary Certificate of Education, Australia
 Senior Secondary Certificate Examination, Nigeria
 Society for the Study of Christian Ethics, United Kingdom
 Sri Sairam College of Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
 Solid Surface Combustion Experiment, carried out on several NASA flights, e.g. STS-54
 Sequential sector conjunctival epitheliectomy; see Limbal stem cell deficiency
Signal operating instructions. Signal operating instructions (SOI) or Communications-Electronics Operation Instructions (CEOI) are U.S. military terms for a type of combat order issued for the technical control and coordination of communications within a command. They include current and up-to-date information covering radio call signs and frequencies, a telephone directory, code-words (for rudimentary encryption), and visual and sound signals. A designated battalion signal officer prepares the battalion SOI in conformance with the SOI of higher headquarters. During operations, SOI are changed daily. Since the fielding of the SINCGARS system, however, the paper SOI has generally faded from Army use. Electronic SOI are now generated, distributed and loaded along with cryptographic keys.

The title SOI was used until the early 1970s and it was changed to CEOI and then changed back to SOI in the 1980s.

References

External links
 Sample SOI, FM 11-1 Appendix C

Key management 
Military radio systems
Military terminology
Kozeny–Carman equation. The Kozeny–Carman equation (or Carman–Kozeny equation or Kozeny equation) is a relation used in the field of fluid dynamics to calculate the pressure drop of a fluid flowing through a packed bed of solids. It is named after Josef Kozeny and Philip C. Carman. The equation is only valid for creeping flow, i.e. in the slowest limit of laminar flow. The equation was derived by Kozeny (1927) and Carman (1937, 1956) from a starting point of (a) modelling fluid flow in a packed bed as laminar fluid flow in a collection of curving passages/tubes crossing the packed bed and (b) Poiseuille's law describing laminar fluid flow in straight, circular section pipes.

Equation

The equation is given as:

where:
 is the pressure drop;
 is the total height of the bed;
 is the viscosity of the fluid;
 is the porosity of the bed ( for randomly packed spheres); 
 is the sphericity of the particles in the packed bed ( = 1.0 for spherical particles);
 is the diameter of the volume equivalent spherical particle;
 is the superficial or "empty-tower" velocity which is directly proportional to the average volumetric fluid flux in the channels (q), and porosity (). 
This equation holds for flow through packed beds with particle Reynolds numbers up to approximately 1.0, after which point frequent shifting of flow channels in the bed causes considerable kinetic energy losses.

This equation is a particular case of Darcy's law, with a very specific permeability. Darcy's law states that "flow is proportional to the pressure gradient and inversely proportional to the fluid viscosity" and is given as:

q 

Combining these equations gives the final Kozeny equation for absolute (single phase) permeability:

where:
 is the absolute (i.e., single phase) permeability.

History 
The equation was first proposed by Kozeny (1927) and later modified by Carman (1937, 1956). A similar equation was derived independently by Fair and Hatch in 1933. A comprehensive review of other equations has been published.

See also
Fractionating column
Random close pack
Raschig ring
Ergun equation

References

Eponymous laws of physics
Equations of fluid dynamics
Unit operations
Porous media
Toyota S transmission. Toyota Motor Corporation's S family is a family of cable operated manual transmissions built for small to mid sized front wheel drive vehicles, but also used in mid-engine applications. The S family has received various upgrades and enhancements over its design 
life.

S5x (5 Series Family)

S50
A 5-Speed Manual Transmission.

Ratios:
 First Gear: 3.538:1
 Second Gear: 2.041:1
 Third Gear: 1.322:1
 Fourth Gear: 0.945:1
 Fifth Gear: 0.731:1
 Reverse Gear: 3.153:1
 Final Drive: 3.736:1

Applications:
 Toyota Corolla - diesel engine
 Toyota Carina - diesel engine
 Toyota Camry - diesel engine

S51

A 5-Speed Manual Transmission.

Ratios:
 First Gear: 3.538:1
 Second Gear: 1.960:1
 Third Gear: 1.250:1
 Fourth Gear: 0.945:1
 Fifth Gear: 0.731:1
 Reverse Gear: 3.153:1
 Final Drive: 3.944:1

Applications:
 Toyota Camry (XV10) 4 cyl
 Toyota Camry (XV20) 4 cyl
 Toyota Solara
 Toyota Carina CT211 Diesel

S52

A 5-Speed Manual Transmission.

Ratios:
 First Gear: 3.285:1
 Second Gear: 2.041:1
 Third Gear: 1.322:1
 Fourth Gear: 0.945:1
 Fifth Gear: 0.731:1
 Reverse Gear: 3.153:1
 Final Drive: 3.944:1

Applications:
 Toyota Corolla
 Toyota Carina - gasoline engine.

S53

A 5-Speed Manual Transmission.
1993 Received updated synchros

Ratios:
 First Gear: 3.285
 Second Gear: 2.041
 Third Gear: 1.322
 Fourth Gear: 1.028
 Fifth Gear: 0.820
 Reverse Gear: 3.153
 Final Drive: 3.944:1 
 Final Drive: 3.736:1 (1990 GT Narrow body Celica only)

Applications:

 1986 Toyota Celica ST162 (Australia) (3S-GE Engine, starter under manifold)
 1990 Toyota Camry SV21 (Australia) (3S-FE Engine, starter over gearbox)
 1990–1993 Toyota Celica  
 1998 Toyota Camry SXV20L (Europe) (5S-FE Engine ,starter over gearbox)

S54

A 5-Speed Manual Transmission.

Ratios
First Gear: 3.285
Second Gear: 1.960
Third Gear: 1.322
Fourth Gear: 1.028
Fifth Gear: 0.820
Reverse Gear: 3.153
Final Drive: 4.176

S54-06A = Open Differential
S54-06D = Helical Differential on 96-99 SS-III spec only

Weight (fully oiled) = 88 lbs

Applications:
 1993–1999 Toyota Celica ST202, (Starter over gearbox)
 1994–1999 Toyota Curren ST206 (3S-GE) 
 Toyota MR2 SW20 (3S-GE, 3S-FE and 5S-FE non-turbo engines)

S55

A 5-Speed Manual Transmission.

Ratios:
 First Gear: 3.538:1
 Second Gear: 1.960:1
 Third Gear: 1.250:1
 Fourth Gear: 0.945:1
 Fifth Gear: 0.731:1
 Reverse Gear: 3.153:1
 Final Drive: 3.944:1

Applications:
 Toyota Corolla
 Toyota Carina
 Toyota Camry (3S-FE)

S transmission
Microwave chemistry sensor. Surface acoustic wave gas sensor or surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors consist of an input transducer, a chemically adsorbent polymer film, and an output transducer on a piezoelectric substrate, which is typically made of quartz.
The input transducer launches an acoustic wave that travels through the chemical film and is detected by the output transducer. 

SAW devices have been able to detect and distinguish between organophosphates, chlorinated hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, aromatic hydrocarbons, saturated hydrocarbons, and water. Such a device made at Sandia National Laboratories runs at a very high frequency (approximately 525 MHz), and the velocity and attenuation of the signal are sensitive to the viscoelasticity and mass of the thin film. 

The device has four channels, each channel consisting of a transmitter and a receiver, separated by a small distance. Three of the four channels contain a polymer deposited on the substrate between the transmitter and receiver. The purpose of the polymers is to adsorb chemicals of interest, with different polymers having different affinities for various chemicals. When a target chemical is adsorbed, the mass of the associated polymer increases, causing a slight change in phase of the acoustic signal relative to the reference (fourth) channel, which contains no polymer. 

The SAW device also contains three Application Specific Integrated Circuit chips (ASICs), containing the electronics that functions to analyze the signals and release a DC voltage output signal proportional to the phase shift. It contains transducers and ASICs that are bonded to a piece of quartz glass, which is placed in a leadless chip carrier (LCC). Wire bonds connect the terminals of the leadless chip carrier to the SAW circuits.

Application
The Microwave chemistry sensor  can detect several chemical materials including:
Lead
Mercury
Oxygen

See also
Chemosensor

References

Sensors
Microwave chemistry
Analytical chemistry
PARSEC. PARSEC is a package designed to perform electronic structure calculations of solids and molecules using density functional theory (DFT). The acronym stands for Pseudopotential Algorithm for Real-Space Electronic Calculations. It solves the Kohn–Sham equations in real space, without the use of explicit basis sets.

One of the strengths of this code is that it handles non-periodic boundary conditions in a natural way, without the use of super-cells, but can equally well handle periodic and partially periodic boundary conditions. Another key strength is that it is readily amenable to efficient massive parallelization, making it highly effective for very large systems.

Its development started in early 1990s with James Chelikowsky (now at the University of Texas), Yousef Saad and collaborators at the University of Minnesota. The code is freely available under the GNU GPLv2. Currently, its public version is 1.4.4. Some of the physical/chemical properties calculated by this code are: Kohn–Sham band structure, atomic forces (including molecular dynamics capabilities), static susceptibility, magnetic dipole moment, and many additional molecular and solid state properties.

See also
Density functional theory
Quantum chemistry computer programs

References

External links 
 

Computational chemistry software
Density functional theory software
Physics software
Applanix. Applanix, based in Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada, develops and manufactures a line of Inertial Navigation System products.  The company's Position and Orientation Systems (POS) are used worldwide for a variety of applications such as aerial survey and mapping, remote sensing, road profiling, GIS data acquisition, and hydrographic surveying.

History 

Applanix, founded in February 1991 as Applied Analytics Corporation, is a spin-off of Honeywell's Advanced Technology Centre.  In its first two years of its operation, Applied Analytics provided engineering services in integrated inertial systems and real-time image processing for aerospace.  Since 1993, and through an extensive technology conversion effort, Applanix has increasingly specialized in providing off-the-shelf Position and Orientation Systems (POS) using integrated inertial/GPS technology.

On June 20, 2003 Trimble Inc announced that it had agreed to purchase Applanix in a stock transaction valued at CAD$25 million (approximately US$18.6 million). Trimble expected the acquisition to extend its technology portfolio and enable increased robustness and capabilities in its future positioning products.

References 

 Companies based in Richmond Hill, Ontario
Hockey stick (disambiguation). A hockey stick is a stick used to propel the ball or puck in hockey.

Hockey stick may also refer to:
 Field hockey stick, used to propel the ball in field hockey
 Ice hockey stick, used to propel the puck in ice hockey
 Underwater hockey stick, used to propel the puck in underwater hockey
 Saab hockey stick, styling cue on Saab cars
 Hockey stick graph (global temperature) is a presentation of the global or hemispherical mean temperature record of the past 1000 years
 a hockey stick diagram is a diagram that shows the payoff of a call option or a put option with respect to the price of the underlying asset
 a hockey stick procedure turn is the standard way to reverse direction during an instrument landing in aviation
 the name of a step in cha-cha-cha

See also 

 Honey dipper
Synton Fenix. Synton was a manufacturer and distributor of high-end electronic music equipment in the Netherlands. They were one of the principal importers of music equipment from E-Mu, Ensoniq, and Fairlight in Europe.  Felix Visser, the founder of Synton began the company in 1973 after purchasing an EMS Synthi AKS and setting out to produce similar equipment with more of the functionality that he was looking for in an analog synth.  Eventually, the company developed Synton Syntovox vocoders as well as the System 2000 and System 3000 modular synthesizers that were sold to Karlheinz Stockhausen and distributed in the United States by Bob Moog's Big Briar Inc.  In 1983, Felix Visser, product specialist Marc Paping, and designer Bert Vermeulen created the Synton Syrinx, a monophonic analog synthesizer that contained unique features such as a metal touchplate for manipulating sound as well as a formant filter. In 1989, the company went bankrupt.

Fénix Modular 

Because none of the commercial analog synthesizers on the market had the same features as the synthesizer he wanted, Marc Paping and Bert Vermeulen reunited in 1997 to create the Synton Fénix, an analogue modular synthesizer featuring 31 differing modules.  The Synton Fénix featured an esoteric range of features and was the culmination of the designs that Paping and Vermeulen had liked in the vintage analog synthesizers that they had owned, played, and developed in the past.  After creating an initial 25 handbuilt units and distributing these to close friends and fans of the Synton company, the team decided to handbuild another 50 units due to high demand from word of mouth.  In total, only 75 units were created and the team stopped production of the Fenix in 2000.  Musicians have cited the Synton Fénix as their favourite piece of musical equipment due to the combination of unique modules and distinctive sounds the synthesizer was able to create.

Following on from this success, Bert developed a second, updated modular synthesiser, the Fénix II and a separate but accompanying sequencer, the Fénix III. According to the "Q&A" section of the Fénix website:

"The prototype of the [Fénix II] has 103 potmeters, 9 switches and 230 banana sockets compared to the fenix 1 which have 63 potmeters, 3 switches and 158 banana sockets.The prototype of the [Fénix II] has 3 times the number of ic's compared to the Fenix 1".

A limited production run commenced in 2010 once the design had been finalised. Again, 75 synthesisers were made, with just 25 of the Fénix III sequencers being manufactured. All of the units were sold to people who had joined an earlier email "waiting list" which opened during 2009.

Artists who use Synton Fenix
 David Morley
 Aphex Twin
 Téléplasmiste
 Martin Gore
 Goodiepal
 Thighpaulsandra

References

External links
Sound on Sound article by Gordon Reid

The Synton & Fénix Homepage
Website about Marc Paping (aka Paap)

Defunct companies of the Netherlands
Companies disestablished in 1989
Ulyanovsk Mechanical Plant. JSC Ulyanovsk Mechanical Plant or UMP for short (translit. Ulyanovsk Mekhanicheskiy Zavod, UMZ) is a Soviet/Russian military enterprise, now part of Almaz-Antey holding. Founded on January 1, 1966, by the Decree of Soviet government. Located in the city of Ulyanovsk, Russia next to UAZ.

Products

UMZ settled to mass production of:
 ZSU Shilka 1964-1982
 2K12 Kub (also an export version under the name Kvadrat) 1968-1985
 9K37 Buk since 1980
 9K22 Tunguska since 1981
 Pantsir complex radiotechnics system since 1988
 Orion, Ohota complex radiotechnics system since 2000
 a set of civilian products

References

External links

  Official site of UMZ

1966 establishments in the Soviet Union
Manufacturing companies of the Soviet Union
Defence companies of the Soviet Union
Science and technology in the Soviet Union
Almaz-Antey
Companies based in Ulyanovsk