omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Brewster XA-32. The Brewster XA-32 was an American attack aircraft, a mid-wing type with an internal bomb bay. The prototype had the R-2800 engine, but it could take the intended R-4360 powerplant. After a dismal set of test results, the XA-32 did not enter production.

Design and development
Brewster Aeronautical Corporation's F2A Buffalo won the first Navy monoplane fighter competition over Grumman's entry. The company continued to design and produce lackluster aircraft, and the XA-32, despite a sound layout, became a compendium of management-induced faults. Missing production deadline dates and constant changes to the design jeopardized a promising design (at least on paper).

Initially designed in 1941, the XA-32 was grossly overweight, at almost , similar to the Douglas A-20 Havoc. The drag induced by its bulbous shape was amplified by careless detail design, which left it festooned with bumps and lumps. One disastrous characteristic was that the exhaust scoops that ringed the cowling nearly blinded the test pilots during night flying; the backfiring at low power settings resulted in flames engulfing the nose of the aircraft. Even with the  Pratt & Whitney R-2800, the XA-32 was underpowered and an attempt to re-engine the aircraft with the  Pratt & Whitney R-4360 Wasp Major was unsuccessful.

Testing
The first flight of the XA-32 prototype was not until May 22, 1943, two years after the design was proposed; and almost every aspect of performance fell short of the specifications. Devoid of weapons load, the XA-32 could only reach  and although handling was adequate, as soon as armament and external stores were added, the performance dropped drastically and more seriously, the disturbed airflow "set up severe buffeting at its top speed." The firm was in such management shambles that it drew the wrath of Congress and actually went out of the aircraft manufacturing business following the debacle of the XA-32.

Only two examples were built, the XA-32 (S/N 42-13568) and XA-32A ( S/N 42-13569), both of which were scrapped at the conclusion of flight testing.

Specifications (XA-32)

References

Notes

Bibliography

 McCullough, Anson. "Grind 'Em Out Ground Attack: The Search for the Elusive Fighter Bomber." Wings, Vol. 25, No. 4, August 1995.

External links

  Dave's War Birds - Brewster XA-32
 USAF National Museum - Brewster XA-32
 USAF National Museum - Brewster XA-32A

A-032
Brewster A-32
Mid-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Single-engined piston aircraft
Aircraft with retractable conventional landing gear
Aircraft first flown in 1943
Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United States
Argo Electric. The Argo Electric Vehicle Company was an American electric automobile manufacturer that operated in Saginaw, Michigan, from 1912 to 1916. The Argo Electric used a 60 volt system with Westinghouse motors. They claimed to be capable of . It had 6 forward and 6 reverse speeds, had 36 x 4 cushion tires and used an  steering wheel on the left. They were offered in both four- and five-passenger models, with open and closed versions available, and all models used steering wheels. The  wheelbase was the longest of any electric at the time. The Argo Brougham was a 4-passenger car, weighing , claimed a range of  per charge using thirty 190 ah, MV Exide batteries.

By 1914 Argo joined with the Broc and Borland Electric vehicle companies to form the American Electric Car Company. Three different models were marketed. In 1916 the Columbia Motors Company purchased the assets of Argo.

See also
Brass Era car
History of the electric vehicle

References

Further reading

External links 
 Electric Vehicle History article.
 Picture of 1912 Argo Brougham

Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States
Motor vehicle manufacturers based in Michigan
Electric vehicles introduced in the 20th century
Defunct companies based in Michigan
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1912
Saginaw, Michigan
Columbia Motors
1912 establishments in Michigan
Vehicle manufacturing companies disestablished in 1916
1916 disestablishments in Michigan
Alfred Rosling Bennett. Alfred Rosling Bennett (1850 in Islington, London – 24 May 1928 in Matlock, Derbyshire) was an English electrical engineer and writer.

Career

A. R. Bennett studied at Belle Vue Academy, Greenwich, London. He then took a job with the Indian government telegraph department.

He returned to Britain in 1873 and was responsible for pioneering work in incandescent electric lighting in the early 1880s.  He also patented an iron-alkali battery, a ceramic telegraph insulator and a telephone transformer.

In 1895 he established a telephone system in Guernsey and later became engineer to the municipal telephone systems in Glasgow, Tunbridge Wells, Portsmouth, Brighton and Hull. He was also the first Engineer Manager of the States of Jersey Telephone Department (now Jersey Telecom) when it took over the system from the GPO in 1923.

He had a lifelong interest in railways and was vice-president of the Institution of Locomotive Engineers in 1915.

Books

A. R. Bennett wrote several books, including:

 The First Railway in London (the London and Greenwich Railway)
 Historic Locomotives
 London and Londoners in the 1850s and 1860s
 A Saga of Guernsey
 The Telephone Systems of the Continent of Europe
 The Chronicles of Boulton's Siding

Sources

 Introduction by John Marshall to "The Chronicles of Boulton's Siding" by Alfred Rosling Bennett, published by David & Charles, 1971,

External links
 
 Brief biography

1850 births
1928 deaths
English electrical engineers
People from Islington (district)
List of chemical engineering societies. This is the list of chemical engineering societies in the world. They are sorted by continent and alphabetically. They include national or international ones, but not student societies or those otherwise restricted to a particular university or institution.

Africa
 Ethiopian Society of Chemical Engineers (ESChE), Ethiopia
 Nigerian Society of Chemical Engineers
 South African Institution of Chemical Engineers (SAIChE), South Africa

Asia
 Asia Pacific Confederation of Chemical Engineering (APCChE)
 Iranian Association of Chemical Engineering (IAChE) , I.R. Iran
 Indian Institute of Chemical Engineers (IIChe), India 
 Israel Institute of Chemical Engineers (IIChe), Israel 
 Korean Chemical Society (KCS), Korea 
 Korean Institute of Chemical Engineers () (KIChE), Korea 
 Pakistan Institute of Chemical Engineers (PICHE), Pakistan 
 Philippine Institute of Chemical Engineers (PIChE), Philippines 
 Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan (SCEJ) (), Japan 
 Society of Chemical Engineers of Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal 
 Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineering (TwIChE), Taiwan 
 Thai Institute of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry (TIChE), Thailand

Europe
 European Federation of Chemical Engineering (EFCE) (umbrella organization)
 Associazione Italiana Di Ingegneria Chimica (AIDIC), Italy
 Chamber of Chemical Engineers, Turkey 
 DECHEMA, Germany
 Institution of Chemical Engineers (IChemE), UK
 Société Française de Génie des Procédés (SFGP), France

North America
 American Chemical Society (ACS)
 American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE)
 Association of Energy Engineers (AEE)
 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering (CSChE)
 National Organization for the Professional Advancement of Black Chemists and Chemical Engineers (NOBCChE)
 Mexican Institute of Chemical Engineers (IMIQ), Mexico

Oceania
 The Australian and New Zealand Federation of Chemical Engineers (ANZFChE)
 Engineers Australia Chemical College, Australia
 Society of Chemical Engineers New Zealand

South America
 Argentinian Association for Chemical Engineers, Argentina
 Brazilian Association of Chemical Engineering, Brazil
 Colombian Association of Chemical Engineering, Colombia
 Association of Chemical Engineers of Uruguay, Uruguay

References

Chemical engineering organizations
 Chemical engineering
Societies, chemical engineering
Chemical
Chemical engineering
Chemical e
Important ecological areas. Important ecological areas (IEAs) are habitat areas which, either by themselves or in a network, contribute significantly to an ecosystem’s productivity, biodiversity, and resilience. Appropriate management of key ecological features delineates the management boundaries of an IEA. The identification and protection of IEAs is an element of an ecosystem-based management approach.

Important ecological areas may have varying levels of management of extractive activities, from monitoring up to and including marine reserve.  IEAs have management measures tailored to the ecological features within the area with consideration of socioeconomic factors.  Whereas marine reserves generally have a fixed management policy of no extraction or ‘no-take’.  Nonetheless, a marine reserve may be the appropriate management policy for an IEA.

The identification and management of IEAs is a form of ocean zoning.  In the event that there are a series of linked IEAs within a large marine ecosystem, a collective action to manage the network, such as a marine sanctuary or national monument, may be warranted.

Examples are tropical rainforests, oceans, forests, etc.

References

Ecology
Mercedes D.IVa. The Mercedes D.IVa was a German six-cylinder, water-cooled, inline engine developed in 1917 for use in aircraft and built by Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft (DMG).

Design and development
The D.IVa replaced the failed Mercedes D.IV inline eight-cylinder engine. The D.IVa was primarily used to power bombers and large reconnaissance aircraft. Unlike most German designs, the D.IVa was relatively advanced, including four valves per cylinder actuated by a SOHC valvetrain, the same "single-camshaft" arrangement that had also been used on the earlier two-valve per cylinder D.I through D.IIIa powerplants.

Designed specifically to be installed in the fuselage, the engine featured a number of design elements intended to reduce its width. For instance, the carburetor was placed behind the engine, feeding fuel to the cylinders via a long tubular intake manifold. This had the disadvantage of poor fuel distribution. Two versions of the engine were produced in mirror copies, running in opposite directions.

Applications

 AEG G.IV
 AEG G.V
 AEG R.I
 AGO C.VIII
 Albatros C.X
 Albatros C.XII
 Albatros C.XV
 Friedrichshafen G.III
 Friedrichshafen G.IV
 Friedrichshafen N.I
 Gotha G.III
 Gotha G.IV
 Gotha G.V
 Gotha G.VI
 Gotha G.VII
 Linke-Hofmann R.I
 Linke-Hofmann R.II
 Rumpler C.IV
 Zeppelin Staaken R.VI

Engines on display
A Mercedes D.IVa recently restored by the Museum's Friends ASSN. is on public display at the Museo Nacional de Aeronautica  (MORON-Argentina).

Specifications (D.IVa)

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography
Gunston, Bill. World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines. Cambridge, England. Patrick Stephens Limited, 1989. 
Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War I. London. Studio Editions Ltd, 1993.

Further reading

External links

Tests of the Daimler D-IVa engine at a high altitude test bench (October 1, 1920)

Mercedes aircraft engines
1910s aircraft piston engines
Robocco Wars. is a side-scrolling platform video game released for the Family Computer in 1991 exclusively in Japan.

Summary
The game allows the player to control a shape-changing robot named R-10 (and his human controller Lance) as they fight evil robots. On the land, the player is a freight train that must follow the railroad tracks to the boss of the level. However, the robot turns into an airplane when the player is forced to fly to the next mission. Sea missions require the player to transform into a submarine.

The player has three lives and three continues as they struggle to liberate the world of Robocco from evil.

References

External links
 Video Game Museum

1991 video games
Information Global Service games
Japan-exclusive video games
Nintendo Entertainment System games
Nintendo Entertainment System-only games
Platformers
Video games about robots
Video games developed in Japan
Video games scored by Masaharu Iwata
Hamdan Mohamad. Tan Sri Hamdan bin Mohamad is one of several Malaysian businessmen who spearheaded Malaysian companies to overseas nations. He is an executive director, president and chief executive of Ranhill Berhad. He joined Ranhill Bersekutu Sdn Bhd in 1981 and was appointed to the board of Ranhill on 15 November 2000. He completed his studies at the University of Western Australia in 1981 and was given the Master of Science in advanced concrete structures degree in 1986 from the Imperial College of Science and Technology in London, United Kingdom.

Dubbed as Malaysia's Water Baron, he also sits on the board of several private limited companies, including Ranhill Corporation Sdn Bhd and Lambang Optima Sdn Bhd, where he is also a major shareholder. In August 2024, Hamdan, also the founder of Ranhill, resigned as Chief Executive Officer following the takeover completion of the company by YTL Power and SIPP Power Sendirian Berhad.

Honour

Honour of Malaysia
  : Commander of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia (P.S.M.) (2003)

References

External links
 Ranhill Utilities Berhad 
 2
 Malaysian Business (16th-28th 2007 ) by Keith Yiu

University of Western Australia alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Malaysian businesspeople
Malaysian people of Malay descent
Commanders of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia
HMS Alresford. HMS Alresford was a Hunt-class minesweeper of the Aberdare sub-class built for the Royal Navy during World War I. She was not finished in time to participate in the First World War and survived the Second World War to be sold for scrap in 1947.

Design and description
The Aberdare sub-class were enlarged versions of the original Hunt-class ships with a more powerful armament. The ships displaced  at normal load. They measured  long overall with a beam of . They had a draught of . The ships' complement consisted of 74 officers and ratings.

The ships had two vertical triple-expansion steam engines, each driving one shaft, using steam provided by two Yarrow boilers. The engines produced a total of  and gave a maximum speed of . They carried a maximum of  of coal which gave them a range of  at .

The Aberdare sub-class was armed with a quick-firing (QF)  gun forward of the bridge and a QF twelve-pounder (76.2 mm) anti-aircraft gun aft. Some ships were fitted with six- or three-pounder guns in lieu of the twelve-pounder.

Construction and career
HMS Alresford was built by the Ailsa Shipbuilding Company at their shipyard in Troon, Ayrshire, as Yard number 338, and was launched on 17 January 1919. The ship was commissioned on 13 May 1919, and was completed on 26 May 1919.

In August 1919, Alresford was listed as attached to the navigation school at Portsmouth, , with a special complement. She remained attached to the Navigation school in December 1920. Alresford continued to carry out navigation training at Portsmouth throughout the inter-war years, and remained attached to the navigation school in August 1939, on the eve of the Second World War.

Alresford took part in Operation Dynamo.

On 19 August 1942, Alresford, now part of the 9th Minesweeping Flotilla, took part in the Dieppe Raid. She crossed the English Channel as part of Group 13, with the minesweeper leading seven Free-French sub chasers carrying Royal Marine Commandos. The sub chasers transferred their troops to seven LCAs and LCMs, but an attempt to land the commandos on White Beach, supported by the sub-chasers, was abandoned owing to heavy German fire. Alresford took a badly damaged Landing craft tank (LCTs) under tow, and, together with the destroyer , escorted two groups of LCTs that had not landed their tanks back to Britain.

Alresford was laid up in reserve at Milford Haven in January 1945, and on 13 March 1947 was sold to Dohmen & Habets of Belgium.

Notes

References

 
 
 
 
 
 

Hunt-class minesweepers (1916)
Royal Navy ship names
1919 ships
Sony Ericsson Java Platform. The Sony Ericsson Java Platform is a set of profiles describing particular Sony Ericsson Java implementation. It was designed to help developers to focus on a platform rather than on a variety of different product names. Two platform branches exist, supporting Symbian (SJP) and non-Symbian (JP) based phones respectively. The platforms are implemented through an evolutionary approach in order to ensure forwards compatibility between platform versions, which means that all JSRs (except the optional) implemented on one platform are also implemented on all higher platforms. Normally each platform version is used in several phone models. Some platform features are optional, that is, configurable. For example, the Java Bluetooth APIs (JSR 82) are only enabled for phones which actually support Bluetooth wireless technology. These interfaces are mostly invisible to the end user, who only has to download a JAR file containing the application to the phone.

Note: JSR 184, Mascot Capsule Ver. 3 and JSR 234 are not enabled in Z310 series.

References 

Sony Mobile
Mobile software
Java device platform
Program Composition Notation. Program Composition Notation (PCN) is a specification notation for building up larger programs from smaller modules or programs (usually written in C or Fortran). Efficient parallel programming is at the heart of PCN. Larger composed programs are intended to execute efficiently on single-processor machines, multiprocessors with shared memory or distributed multicomputers.

PCN was developed at Argonne National Laboratory and the California Institute of Technology.

PCN includes the language for specifying concurrent algorithms and interfaces to C and Fortran. There is also a PCN toolkit for workstations that allows applications to be developed for supercomputers which includes debugging and performance analysis tools.

PCN is appropriate for applications benefiting from parallel computing such as fluid dynamics, and climate modelling.

Sources
Chandy, K. Mani and Taylor, Stephen (1990), A Primer for Program Composition Notation. Technical Report. California Institute of Technology. [CaltechCSTR:1990.cs-tr-90-10]

PCN article in the Free Online Dictionary of Computing

Parallel computing
Albatros C.XV. 

The Albatros C.XV was a German military reconnaissance aircraft developed during World War I. It was essentially a refinement of the C.XII, which had been put into production in 1918. The war ended before any examples became operational.  However, some found their way into civilian hands and flew as transport aircraft in peacetime under the factory designation L 47. Others saw service with the air forces of Russia, Turkey, and Latvia.

Operators

Luftstreitkräfte

Latvian Air Force

Lithuanian Air Force

Polish Air Force (postwar)

Soviet Air Force

Turkish Air Force
 Albania
 Royal Albanian Air Corps

Specifications (C.XV)

References

External links 
 luftfahrt-archiv.de

Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
1910s German military reconnaissance aircraft
C.15
Aircraft first flown in 1918
Umpqua Research Company. UMPQUA Research Company (URC) is an aerospace technology company based in Myrtle Creek, Oregon, United States. URC was founded in 1973 by David F. Putnam and Gerald V. Colombo. URC designs and builds water disinfection and purification subsystems for the Space Shuttle, extra-vehicular activity, the International Space Station, and flight experiments. URC is an industrial affiliate of the Oregon Nanoscience and Microtechnologies Institute (ONAMI), which brings together investigators from the University of Oregon, Oregon State University, Portland State University, the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and private industry.

On April 12, 2007, URC was inducted into the Space Foundation's Space Technology Hall of Fame for its contributions to the microbial check valve (MCV) technology that is used in the water purification system on the Space Shuttle. The MCV consists of a flow-through canister containing an iodinated polymer which provides a direct "contact kill" of microorganisms in the flowing water stream.  A residual elemental iodine (I2) concentration of between 1 – 4 mg/L is also imparted to the water to maintain potability.

References

External links
UMPQUA Research Company (official site)
UMPQUA Analytical Services (laboratory site)

Manufacturing companies based in Oregon
Douglas County, Oregon
Manufacturing companies established in 1973
Technology companies established in 1973
1973 establishments in Oregon
Siemens-Halske Sh.III. The Siemens-Halske Sh.III was an 11-cylinder, air-cooled counter rotary engine developed in Germany during World War I. The engine was a development of the earlier 9-cylinder Siemens-Halske Sh.I.

Design

The Siemens-Halske Sh.III was an 11-cylinder counter rotary engine. The Sh.III's propeller and cylinders were connected, these rotated anti-clockwise when viewed from the front of the aircraft (clockwise when viewed from the pilot's seat) while the crankshaft rotated clockwise.  

The crankshaft was driven at 900 rpm via a set of bevel gears, located at the back of the engine, with a 2:1 ratio. The cylinders and propeller would have rotated at a speed of 1800 rpm anti-clockwise had the crankshaft been fixed.  With the crankshaft rotating at 900 rpm clockwise the net propeller rotational speed was reduced to 900 rpm.

The counter rotary design allowed the engine to achieve the benefits of a high-power density from a high rotational speed while the propeller operated at a slower speed optimised for its design. By the end of WW1, operating the propeller at a slower speed than the engine had become normal practice for inline and V block engines but had proved difficult to accomplish on rotary engines.

Additional benefits of the counter rotary design were lower aerodynamic losses and reduced gyroscopic forces as the net cylinder rotational speed was reduced when compared to a conventional rotary of similar power output.

Unlike most rotary engines the Sh.III had a throttle which could reduce engine speed to 350 rpm.

The Sh.III was initially designed with a power output of 160 hp. A later variant, the Sh.IIIa, had a power output of 200 hp with some examples developing as much as 240 hp.

In operation the Sh.III suffered from poor reliability. The engine tended to overheat as the relatively slow rotation of the cylinders limited cooling air flow.  Additionally, seizures of the engine were caused by poor lubrication as the Germans did not have access to castor oil which was one of the few oils that could retain its properties after being mixed with gasoline.

Aircraft
Albatros H.1
 Albatros D.XI
 Pfalz D.VII
 Pfalz D.VIII
 LFG Roland D.IX
 LFG Roland D.XVI
 Siemens-Schuckert D.II
 Siemens-Schuckert D.III
 Siemens-Schuckert D.IV
 Siemens-Schuckert D.VI

Specifications

See also
List of aircraft engines

References

Further reading

External links

 Idflieg.com's Siemens Sh.III engine photos, by Andi Szekeres
 Siemens Sh.III displayed at Museo Storico dei Motori e dei Meccanismi, University of Palermo (in Italian)
 Front view and rear view CAD-based animations of Sh.III internal engine components
 YouTube 30 May 2020 video of Mikael Carlson's authentic Pfalz D VIII biplane reproduction on its maiden flight, with restored and flightworthy Sh III engine 

Siemens-Halske aircraft engines
Air-cooled aircraft piston engines
1910s aircraft piston engines
Rotary aircraft piston engines