omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Lamborghini Flying Star II. The Lamborghini Flying Star II (also named Lamborghini 400 GT Flying Star II) was a one-off concept car built by Carrozzeria Touring Superleggera in 1966 on a Lamborghini 400 GT chassis. It debuted at the 1966 Turin Auto Show.

In 1966, Carrozzeria Touring Superleggera of Milan explored a new design concept. Their long relation with Lamborghini was celebrated with the Flying Star II, a fully functional prototype with a design that was unconventional for the time. It was a two-seater with a very low and compact two-volume shooting brake bodywork, with a hatchback-style rear door. The design team for the Flying Star II was led by Carlo Anderloni.

The name "Flying Star II" was a reference to the Touring "Flying Star" roadsters of the prewar period, designed by Giuseppe Seregni and built on Isotta Fraschini and Alfa Romeo chassis.   

The Flying Star was built on the chassis and drive train of the 400 GT production model, sharing its 3.9 L Lamborghini V12 engine, 5 speed manual transmission, fully independent suspension and four wheel disc brakes. The chassis was shortened by  compared to the production 400 GT.

This would be the last design to come out of Carrozzeria Touring Superleggera, before the company was revived in 2006 and introduced the A8GCS Berlinetta Touring based on a Maserati drivetrain in 2008.

Currently on exposition in VW dealership in Radom, Poland.

References 

Flying Star II

Concept cars
Photoclinometry. Photoclinometry, or shape-from-shading, is the process by which a 2-dimensional image of a surface is transformed into a surface map that represents different levels of elevation. It uses the shadows and light direction as reference points. It is used mostly to depict the surface of sculptures, to give an idea of how it would look in 3-dimensions. The techniques depend on very specific conditions, especially light direction.

The process
When light bounces off an object, it reflects with location-specific brightness that depends on the shape of the object and the position of the lighting source. This reflection map can be used to create a bump map of a surface, which uses grayscale levels to depict the height of a point on a surface. Knowing the direction and angle of the light source, one can calculate the approximate height that a point has. However, the light direction and angle is usually unknown, which leads to poor quality images, or having to create multiple bump maps, each time trying different settings.

Usage
 Some artists use photoclinometry to digitize a 3-dimensional representation of a sculpture.
 Geologists and those that study planetary science use it to get an idea of how the surface of a planet looks like, and generate topographic maps and digital elevation models (see photometric stereo). Planetary applications began with investigations of lunar topography as early as 1951 and has since been applied to the Martian surface.
 Glaciologists have used photoclinometry to characterize the surfaces of Antarctica and Greenland. Repeat photoclinometry is a method of building surfaces from a series of satellite image to investigate changes in ice sheet topography over time. 
 Photoclinometry has been used to measure volcanic plume top topography on Earth.

Problems
Light direction is very important to the quality of a photoclinometric image. Light that comes from directly over the surface (behind the camera) makes it hard to distinguish the shadows. Multiple light sources are also a problem, since they destroy important shadows required for the algorithms to work properly.

In order to solve these problems, new missions to other planets plan to use a process similar to stereoscopy in order to get a more accurate depiction of the surface on another planet. The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter is one of the mission that attempts to do this. This process uses two images of one location taken from two separate lens on a camera, much in the same way humans do with their eyes. By using two images, they can get a 3-dimensional perspective of objects on the surface like we do.

See also
 Photometric stereo
 Photogrammetry
 Stereoscopy
 Bump mapping

References

Further reading
 Kirk, Randolph L., Barrett, Janet M., Soderblom, Laurence A. (2003) Photoclinometry Made Simple...? Advances in Planetary Mapping.

External links
 Shape from Shading - Photoclinometry
 USGS Geomatics

Photographic processes
Iddq testing. Iddq testing is a method for testing CMOS integrated circuits for the presence of manufacturing faults.  It relies on measuring the supply current (Idd) in the quiescent state (when the circuit is not switching and inputs are held at static values).  The current consumed in the state is commonly called Iddq for Idd (quiescent) and hence the name.

Iddq testing uses the principle that in a correctly operating quiescent CMOS digital circuit, there is no static current path between the power supply and ground, except for a small amount of leakage.  Many common semiconductor manufacturing faults will cause the current to increase by orders of magnitude, which can be easily detected.  This has the advantage of checking the chip for many possible faults with one measurement.  Another advantage is that it may catch faults that are not found by conventional stuck-at fault test vectors.

Iddq testing is somewhat more complex than just measuring the supply current.  If a line is shorted to Vdd, for example, it will still draw no extra current if the gate driving the signal is attempting to set it to '1'.  However, a different input that attempts to set the signal to 0 will show a large increase in quiescent current, signalling a bad part.  Typical Iddq tests may use 20 or so inputs.  Note that Iddq test inputs require only controllability, and not observability.  This is because the observability is through the shared power supply connection.

Advantages and disadvantages
Iddq testing has many advantages:
It is a simple and direct test that can identify physical defects.
The area and design time overhead are very low.
Test generation is fast.
Test application time is fast since the vector sets are small.
It catches some defects that other tests, particularly stuck-at logic tests, do not.

Drawback:
Compared to scan chain testing, Iddq testing is time consuming, and thus more expensive, as is achieved by current measurements that take much more time than reading digital pins in mass production.

Future of Iddq testing 

As device geometry shrinks, i.e transistors and gates become smaller resulting in larger and more complex processors and SoCs (see Moore's law), the leakage current becomes much higher and less predictable.  This makes it difficult to tell a low leakage part with a defect from a naturally high leakage part.  Also, increasing circuit size means a single fault will have a lower percentage effect, making it harder for the test to detect.  However, Iddq is so useful that designers are taking steps to keep it working.  One particular technique that helps is power gating, where the entire power supply to each block can be switched off using a low leakage switch.  This allows each block to be tested individually or in combination, which makes the tests much easier when compared to testing the whole chip.

References

Further reading 
 
  (NB. This is a summary of the basic ideas behind Iddq testing, the history of the technique, and many of its characteristics.)
 
 Available Iddq technology
Integrated circuits
Zimbabweite. Zimbabweite is a yellow brown mineral with orthorhombic crystal habit and a hardness of 5, with formula .  It is generally classed as an arsenite but is notable for also containing niobium  and tantalum. It was discovered in 1986 in kaolinized pegmatite, i.e. weathered to clay, in Zimbabwe.

References

Sodium minerals
Potassium minerals
Lead minerals
Arsenic minerals
Niobium minerals
Tantalum minerals
Titanium minerals
Oxide minerals
Orthorhombic minerals
Minerals described in 1986
Fraipontite. Fraipontite is a zinc aluminium silicate mineral with a formula of .  

It is a member of the kaolinite-serpentine mineral group and occurs as an oxidation product of zinc deposits. It occurs with smithsonite, gebhardite, willemite, cerussite and sauconite.

It was first described in 1927 for an occurrence in Vieille Montagne, Verviers, Liège Province, Belgium. It was named for Julien Jean Joseph Fraipont (1857–1910), and Charles de Fraipont, geologists of Liege, Belgium. In addition to the type locality in Belgium, it has been reported from Tsumeb, Namibia; Laurium, Greece; Swaledale, North Yorkshire, England; the Silver Bill mine, Cochise County, Arizona, the Blanchard Mine, Socorro County, New Mexico and the Mohawk mine, San Bernardino County, California in the US; and from the Ojuela mine, Mapimi, Durango, Mexico.

A synonym of the fraipontite is the zinalsite, which was reported in 1956 for an occurrence in Kazakhstan.

References

External links

Zinc minerals
Aluminium minerals
Phyllosilicates
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 8
Minerals described in 1927
IBAT. The acronym IBAT may refer to:

 Ileal bile acid transporter, a protein also known as SLC10A2;
 Institute of Business Administration and Training in India;
 The Institute of Business and Technology (IBaT) in Dublin, Ireland;
 Interscapular brown adipose tissue, also known as Hibernating gland;
 Instruction Block Address Translation registers in PowerPC microprocessors.
 Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool (IBAT, https://www.ibat-alliance.org), see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Database_on_Protected_Areas#Uses
ACRS. ACRS may refer to:

 Accelerated Cost Recovery System, a historical 1981 accounting practice that preceded the 1986 (&forward) "Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System" (MACRS )
 Air Cushion Restraint System, an early airbag implementation by General Motors
 Area Coverage Rate (Sustained), a measurement of the effectiveness of Mine countermeasures
 Ancient Culture Research Society, a non-profit organisation focusing on archaeological research
 Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards, part of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission
 Arms Control and Regional Security in the Middle East, a working group formed as a result of the Madrid Conference of 1991
 Asian Conference on Remote Sensing, a yearly event spearheaded by the Asian Association of Remote Sensing (AARS), Asia's largest society of remote sensing scientists and professionals
 Astrographic Catalog Reference Stars, a star catalog published by the U. S. Naval Observatory
 Australian Camellia Research Society, a society with a register of Camellia's bred in Australia
Weather warfare. Weather warfare is the use of weather modification techniques such as cloud seeding for military purposes.

History 
Prior to the Environmental Modification Convention signed in Geneva in 1977, the United States used weather warfare in the Vietnam War. Operation Popeye saw the use of cloud seeding over the Ho Chi Minh trail. It was hoped that the increased rainfall would reduce the rate of infiltration down the trail.

A research paper produced for the United States Air Force written in 1996 speculates about the future use of nanotechnology to produce "artificial weather", clouds of microscopic computer particles all communicating with each other to form an "intelligent fog" that could be used for various purposes. "Artificial weather technologies do not currently exist. But as they are developed, the importance of their potential applications rises rapidly."

The Environmental Modification Convention (ENMOD), which was signed in Geneva on May 18, 1977, and entered into force on October 5, 1978, prohibits "widespread, long-lasting or severe effects as the means of destruction, damage or injury". In 1972 an ENMOD  convention on weather warfare presented that this permits "local, non-permanent changes". The "Consultative Committee of Experts" established in Article VIII of the Convention stated in their "Understanding relating to Article II" that any use of environmental modification where this is done "as a means of destruction, damage or injury to another State Party, would be prohibited.". It also suggests all signatories are expected to abstain from using weather modification to cause harm at any scale, stating "military or any other hostile use of environmental modification techniques, would result, or could reasonably be expected to result, in widespread, long-lasting or severe destruction, damage or injury." However, the treaty does not directly condemn military use of weather modification when it does not directly cause harm, such as the United States' use of weather modification in the Battle of Khe Sanh in the Vietnam War. The limitations of the treaty, and its application only to signatory states, allow weather warfare to continue to play a role in warfare throughout the 21st century. The United States prohibits weather modification without permission of the United States Secretary of Commerce.

See also 
 Weather Modification Operations and Research Board

References

External links
 Winter Northern Lights 2023: Why It’s The Best In The Last 20 Years And How To Watch It
 Non Lethal Warfare Proposal:Weather Modification, The Sunshine Projectpurposes.

Weather modification
Warfare by type
Meteorological hypotheses
Abt. Abt or ABT may refer to:

 Abt (surname)
 Abt rack system, Swiss rack systems for hauling trains up steep inclines
 9423 Abt, a main-belt asteroid
 Abelam language, a Sepik language of Papua New Guinea
 Analytical base table, a database table used for data analytics
 Availability-based tariff for electrical power in India
 Automatic ball trap, in clay pigeon shooting

Aviation
 IATA airport code for Al-Baha Domestic Airport in Al-Bahah Province, Saudi Arabia

Organizations 

 ABT (TV station), Hobart, Tasmania
 Abt Sportsline, German motor racing company
 Abt Electronics, US retailer
 Abbott Laboratories, NYSE symbol
 American Ballet Theatre, a classical ballet company in New York City, US
 Ansarullah Bengali Team, an Islamic extremist organization in Bangladesh
 Aryan Brotherhood of Texas, a white supremacist prison gang
 Association of Building Technicians, a former British trade union
Autoridad de Fiscalización y Control Social de Bosques y Tierras (ABT), the Forest and Land Inspection and Social Control Authority, a Bolivian government agency

See also 
 Abts, a surname
Portable object (computing). In distributed programming, a portable object is an object which can be accessed through a normal method call while possibly residing in memory on another computer.  It is portable in the sense that it moves from machine to machine, irrespective of operating system or computer architecture.  This mobility is the end goal of many remote procedure call systems.

An advantage of portable objects is that they are easy to use and expressive, allowing programmers to be completely unaware that objects reside in other locations.  Detractors cite this as a fault, as some programmers will not expect network-related errors or the unbounded nondeterminism associated with large networks.

See also

References

Distributed computing architecture
Object (computer science)
Peer-to-peer (disambiguation). Peer-to-peer computing or networking is a distributed application architecture that partitions tasks or workloads between peers.

Peer-to-peer may also refer to:

Economics
 Peer-to-peer banking
 Peer-to-peer carsharing
 Peer-to-peer lending
 Peer-to-peer economy, another name for the sharing economy

Other uses
 Peer-to-peer file sharing
 Social peer-to-peer processes
 P2P economic system

See also

 P2P (disambiguation)
 Anonymous P2P systems in which participants remain anonymous
 Peer production
 Private peer-to-peer
Elliotte Rusty Harold. Elliotte Rusty Harold (born ca. 1960) is an American computer scientist, lecturer and author of several books on Java and XML and the creator of XOM, an open source Java class library for processing XML data.

Life and work 
Harold was born and raised in New Orleans, where his father Elliotte Harold Jr. was working as lawyer.

In a bio for an IBM DeveloperWorks article written by Harold, he claimed to have learned 14 computer programming languages, beginning with Fortran and AppleSoft BASIC and extending most recently to Haskell. "Java was probably his eighth language, and the one he's taken farther than any other," the bio states.

Harold was an adjunct professor in the Computer Science Department of Polytechnic University of New York. He is the longtime publisher of the Cafe au Lait and Cafe con Leche websites devoted to Java and XML, respectively. He was a contributor to JDOM, a popular open source XML library for Java. At the New York XML SIG in 2002, he unveiled XOM and offered this explanation for its creation: "XOM is based on more than two years' experience with JDOM development, as well as the last year's effort writing Processing XML with Java. While documenting the various APIs I found lots of things to like and not like about all the APIs, and XOM is my effort to synthesize the best features of the existing APIs while eliminating the worst."

Selected publications 
 Java Developer's Resource (Prentice Hall, 1996), 
 Java Secrets (Wiley, 1997), 
 JavaBeans: Developing Component Software in Java (John Wiley & Sons, 1997), 
 XML: Extensible Markup Language (Wiley, 1998), 
 Java I/O, First Edition (O'Reilly, 1999), 
 Processing XML with Java : a guide to SAX, DOM, JDOM, JAXP, and TrAX (Addison-Wesley, 2002), 
 Effective XML: 50 specific ways to improve your XML (Addison-Wesley, 2003), 
 The XML Bible (Wiley, 2004), 
 XML in a Nutshell (O'Reilly, 2004), 
 Java Network Programming, Third Edition (O'Reilly, 2004), 
 Java I/O, Second Edition (O'Reilly, 2006), 
 Refactoring HTML: Improving the Design of Existing Web Applications (Addison-Wesley Professional, 2012), 
 Java Network Programming, Fourth Edition (O'Reilly, 2013),

References

External links
 Harold's personal homepage
 Cafe au Lait Java News and Resources
 Cafe con Leche XML News and Resources
 XOM Java class library homepage

1960s births
Living people
Writers from New Orleans
Tritiated water. Tritiated water is a radioactive form of water in which the usual protium atoms are replaced with tritium atoms. In its pure form it may be called tritium oxide (T2O or 3H2O) or super-heavy water. Pure T2O is a colorless liquid, and it is corrosive due to self-radiolysis. Diluted, tritiated water is mainly H2O plus some HTO (3HOH).  It is also used as a tracer for water transport studies in life-science research.  Furthermore, since it naturally occurs in minute quantities, it can be used to determine the age of various water-based liquids, such as vintage wines.

The name super-heavy water helps distinguish the tritiated material from heavy water, which contains deuterium instead.

Applications
Tritiated water can be used to measure an organism's total body water (TBW). Unlike doubly labeled water this method relies on scintillation counting. Tritiated water distributes itself into all body compartments relatively quickly. The concentration of tritiated water in urine is assumed to be similar to the concentration of tritiated water in the body. TBW is determined from the following relation:

Health risks 

Tritium is radioactive and a low energy beta emitter.

While HTO is produced naturally by cosmic ray interactions in the stratosphere, it is also produced by human activities and can increase local concentrations and be considered an air and water pollutant. Anthropogenic sources of tritiated water include nuclear weapons testing, nuclear power plants, nuclear reprocessing and consumer products such as self-illuminating watches and signs.

HTO has a short biological half-life in the human body of 7 to 14 days, which both reduces the total effects of single-incident ingestion and precludes long-term bioaccumulation of HTO from the environment. The biological half life of tritiated water in the human body, which is a measure of body water turn-over, varies with the season. Studies on the biological half life of occupational radiation workers for free water tritium in a coastal region of Karnataka, India, show that the biological half life in the winter season is twice that of the summer season.

If tritium exposure is suspected or known, drinking uncontaminated water will help replace the tritium from the body. Increasing sweating, urination or breathing can help the body expel water and thereby the tritium contained in it. However, care should be taken that neither dehydration nor a depletion of the body's electrolytes results as the health consequences of those things (particularly in the short term) can be more severe than those of tritium exposure.

References

Nuclear materials
Forms of water
Body water
Tritium
List of building materials. This is a list of building materials.

Many types of building materials are used in the construction industry to create buildings and structures. These categories of materials and products are used by architects and construction project managers to specify the materials and methods used for building projects.

Some building materials like cold rolled steel framing are considered modern methods of construction, over the traditionally slower methods like blockwork and timber.

Catalogs
Catalogs distributed by architectural product suppliers are typically organized into these groups.

Industry standards
The Construction Specifications Institute maintains the following industry standards:
MasterFormat 50 standard divisions of building materials - 2004 edition (current in 2009)
16 Divisions Original 16 divisions of building materials

See also

Category: Building materials
Alternative natural materials
Glass in green buildings
Green building and wood
List of commercially available roofing material
Red List building materials

Sources

Building Materials: Dangerous Properties of Products in MasterFormat Divisions 7 and 9 - H. Leslie Simmons, Richard J. Lewis, Richard J. Lewis (Sr.) - Google Books
Building Materials - P.C. Varghese - Google Books
Architectural Building Materials - Salvan, George S. - Google Books
Durability of Building Materials and Components 8: Service Life and Asset Management - Michael A. Lacasse, Dana J. Vanier - Google Books
Durability of Building Materials and Components - J. M. Baker - Google Books
Understanding Green Building Materials - Traci Rose Rider, Stacy Glass, Jessica McNaughton - Google Books
Heat-Air-Moisture Transport: Measurements on Building Materials - Phālgunī Mukhopādhyāẏa, M. K. Kumaran - Google Books

External links

Building materials
Building materials
Networker. Networker may refer to:

 EMC Legato Networker, a computer backup software
 Networker (train), a family of multiple unit trains which operate on the UK railway system
 Networker, one of the Non-player characters on My Lego Network
 Networker (album), a 2019 album by American band Omni
 The Networker (directory), UK's largest FREE business networking directory.
Academy of Information Technology and Engineering. The Academy of Information Technology and Engineering (AITE) is a college preparatory, inter-district public magnet high school originally founded in Stamford, Connecticut. AITE serves the Connecticut communities of Stamford, Darien, Greenwich, Norwalk, New Canaan, Redding, Ridgefield, Wilton and Weston.

See also 
Stamford, Connecticut
Education in Stamford, Connecticut

References

External links

Stamford Public Schools

Education in Stamford, Connecticut
Schools in Fairfield County, Connecticut
Educational institutions established in 1999
Public high schools in Connecticut
Magnet schools in Connecticut
1999 establishments in Connecticut