omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Minesing Wetlands. Minesing Wetlands, previously known as Minesing Swamp, is a Ramsar boreal wetland in central Ontario, Canada stretching from the western periphery of Barrie to Georgian Bay. It was identified and classified through the International Biological Program. It is "the largest and best example of fen bog in southern Ontario", one of the "most diverse undisturbed wetland tracts in Canada" and is a provincially significant Area of Natural and Scientific Interest. The term minesing is of Ojibwe origin and means "island", referring to an island located within Lake Edenvale, which encompassed the present-day wetlands and surrounding areas.

The swamp's hydrology "provides for an interconnected network of swamps, fens, bogs and marshes". It acts as a reservoir that absorbs floodwater during spring thaw, from which a slow and steady flow is released throughout the summer into the Nottawasaga River system. This also prevents spring flooding of Wasaga Beach.

Approximately  of the  is owned or managed by the Nottawasaga Valley Conservation Authority. The remainder is owned by the Ministry of Natural Resources, the Simcoe County, and private landowners. It straddles the three townships of Clearview, Essa and Springwater.

It provides habitat to over 400 plant species, of which 11 are provincially rare. Minesing Wetlands is an important staging area for thousands of migratory waterfowl, and is the largest wintering ground for white-tailed deer. It supports numerous plant species which are at the extremities of their natural range, including those indigenous to the arctic tundra in the north and the Carolinian forests to the south, and is home to the "largest pure stand of silver maple in the province". Provincially rare birds indigenous to the swamp include the blue-winged warbler, prothonotary warbler, cerulean warbler, golden-winged warbler and the blue-grey gnatcatcher.

Minesing Wetlands is a popular recreation area which draws many tourists. Canoeing is a common activity in the area, though inexperienced canoeists should be wary of spring flooding.

Research
A number of research projects are conducted throughout Minesing Wetlands. An analysis of the hydrology of wetland systems in the swamp began in the mid-1990s, with primary goals to "characterize the water balance of a selected plot within the fen" and to examine "the correlations between vegetation and hydrology".

Notes

References

External links
 History of Minesing

Landforms of Simcoe County
Ramsar sites in Ontario
Areas of Natural and Scientific Interest
Wetlands of Ontario
Protected areas of Simcoe County
Wrocław Water Tower. The Wrocław Water Tower () is a historic water tower situated in the Borek neighbourhood of Wrocław, Poland.

Construction
The water tower at Sudecka Street in Wrocław was designed by Karl Klimm, a reputed local architect. Famed at the beginning of the 20th century, Klimm also designed the building of the High School of Construction Engineering and Machinery (the today’s Faculty of Architecture of the Wrocław University of Technology) and the Zwierzyniecki Bridge (formerly known as the Pass Bridge).
Built 1904-1905 beside Wiśniowa Avenue and Sudecka Street junction, the tower supplied water to the residents of the southern districts of Wrocław for many years. The tower is 63 meters high. It was equipped with an electric lift from the very beginning. From June 1906 the lift allowed people to reach an observation deck situated at a height of 42 meters (the ticket cost 10 pfennig), from which one could admire the vista of Wrocław, its surroundings and Mount Ślęża. Two years later a red flag used to be hung at the top to inform people about very good viewing of the Sudety Mountains on a given day.

Two sculptors, Taschner and Bednorz, decorated the lower part of the building with bas-reliefs in sandstone, representing fantastic creatures reminiscent of medieval bestiaries. From a fountain situated on the north-eastern façade flowed crystal clear water that had its source in the tower’s vault. The fountain once depicted a nymph mounting Triton.

This giant brick construction was modelled on medieval castles. The tower was placed on solid foundations, which housed flats for company employees operating the water supply system.

History
During the Battle of Festung Breslau in 1945 the tower served as a command point. The surrounding area was heavily bombed and damaged in combat, yet the tower remained almost intact during World War II. However, the war and the following years saw the tower suffer greatly from neglect. Until the mid eighties the tower served as a reservoir, equalizing water pressure for the southern districts.

In 1995 the tower was purchased from the city by the Stephan Elektronik Investment Company and turned into a restaurant complex, called Wieża Cisnień ('Water Tower'). In 2017 the property was sold to a new private investor and the tower is no longer open to visitors.

Gallery

External links 

Wratislaviae amici: old postcards
Water Tower Wrocław ( history, principles of operation )

Buildings and structures in Wrocław
Water towers in Poland
Observation towers in Poland
Water
Towers completed in 1904
Restaurants in Poland
Spitfire Ace. Spitfire Ace is a combat flight simulator video game created and published by MicroProse in 1982 shortly after it was founded. It was one of the first video games designed and programmed by Sid Meier, originally developed for Atari 8-bit computers and ported to the Commodore 64 and IBM PC compatibles (as a self-booting disk) in 1984. The game followed on the heel's of Meier's Hellcat Ace, also from 1982 and for the Atari 8-bit computers.

Gameplay
The game puts the player in the pilot's seat during World War II.  The player defends London during The Blitz while flying the Supermarine Spitfire. The game offers 15 different scenarios that include France, Malta and D-Day.

Development
Sid Meier developed Spitfire Ace as a modified version of Hellcat Ace, another game he programmed, released earlier that same year. In his 2020 memoir, Meier described Spitfire Ace as "the kind of game we'd probably call an expansion pack today. It used the same code base as Hellcat Ace, but moved the battle scenarios from the Pacific to the European theater."

Reception
Softline in 1984 called Spitfire Ace and Hellcat Aces graphics "extremely simple". Computer Gaming World in 1993 stated that the game "has been severely wrinkled by age".

Reviews
Fire & Movement #76

References

External links

1982 video games
Atari 8-bit computer games
Battle of Britain video games
Commodore 64 games
Video games designed by Sid Meier
U.S. Gold games
Video games set in France
World War II flight simulation video games
Video games developed in the United States
Single-player video games
Just enough operating system. Just enough operating system (JeOS, pronounced "juice" according to SUSE) is a paradigm for customizing operating systems to fit the needs of a particular application such as for a software appliance. The platform only includes the operating system components required to support a particular application and any other third-party components contained in the appliance (e.g., the kernel). This makes the appliance smaller, faster (to boot and to execute the particular application) and potentially more secure than an application running under a full general-purpose OS.

Common implementations 
Typically, a JeOS will consist of the following:
 JeOS media (OS core [kernel, virtual drives, login])
 OS minimum maintenance tools
 Minimum user space tools
 Packages repository (DVD or network based)

It is important to differentiate between true fully minimalized OS install profiles forced, for example, with security hardening tools or representing Recovery Console images and JeOS richer install profiles which are designed and built for wider audience usage, so VM/VA creators and their users can easily perform needed installation or configuration tasks.

Differences between minimialist, lightweight and appliance  

 Light-weight Linux distribution
 minimalist e.g. Porteus (operating system)

See also 
 BareMetal
 Container Linux (discontinued)
 OpenELEC (discontinued JeOS software appliance with Kodi Media Center)
 LibreELEC (JeOS software appliance with Kodi Media Center)
 Ubuntu JeOS
 Containerization (computing) (modern retake on JeOS)

References

External links 

 JeOS (Just Enough Operating System)
 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP2 JeOS

 
Operating systems
Software appliances
Liquid Niugini LNG. Liquid Niugini LNG is a natural gas liquefaction project in Papua New Guinea. It is developed by Liquid Niugini Gas Ltd, and owned by PNG LNG Inc., a Bahamas-based parent holding company.

It is one of several natural gas projects in Papua New Guinea and is associated with the Hides gas field

Technical description
The LNG plant will be built adjacent to the oil refinery owned by InterOil near Port Moresby. The LNG plant will consist of one processing train with nominal capacity of 5 million tonnes with option to add a second train to increase total capacity up to 9 million tonnes of LNG and 1 million tonnes of natural gas liquids per year.  It will be supplied with natural gas from Elk and Antelope gas and condensate fields by  natural gas pipeline. The preliminary engineering and evaluation design work were done in spring 2007.  The plant will use ConocoPhillips' proprietary natural gas liquefaction technology (Optimized CascadeSM Process) and it is to be constructed by Bechtel.

The project is expected to cost US$5 billion to US$7 billion.  The first cargo of LNG is planned to be delivered in 2012.

In December, 2009, Ex-Im Bank Directors approved US$3 billion in financing for the ExxonMobil-led project in December, 2009.

Project company
PNG LNG Inc is owned equally by InterOil Corp., Merrill Lynch Commodities, Inc., and Pacific LNG Operations Ltd. There are provisions for the entry of strategic partners, and for inclusion of the Government of Papua New Guinea.

Criticism
The project has reportedly sparked violence and in April, 2012, the Papua New Guinea government called in troops to quell opposition from villagers after a landslide linked to a quarry that had been used by the project killed an estimated 25 people.

References

Oil and gas companies of Papua New Guinea
Proposed liquefied natural gas plants
Brochet MB.80. The Brochet MB.80 was a two-seat light aircraft developed in France in the early 1950s.

Design and development
The MB.80 was a derivative of the Brochet MB.70, using essentially the same airframe, but with a redesigned wider fuselage and revised undercarriage. The Service de l'Aviation Légère et Sportive purchased ten examples for distribution to French aeroclubs. Most examples were operated in France, but one example was later sold privately to the United Kingdom.

Variants
MB.80production version powered by Minié 4DC-32B (10 built)
MB.81version with Hirth HM 500B-2 engine (1 built)
MB.83version with Continental C90 engine (1 converted from MB.80)
MB.84version with Continental A65 engine (1 converted from MB.80 F-BGLI)

Specifications (MB.80)

See also

References

 
 
 

1950s French sport aircraft
Brochet aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1951
Brochet MB.100. The Brochet MB.100 was a three-seat light aircraft developed in France in the early 1950s.

Design and development
A further derivative of the Brochet MB.70, the MB.100 uses essentially the same airframe as the MB.80, but with a revised tail and cabin, the latter now including a third seat. Service de l'Aviation Légère et Sportive purchased several examples for distribution to French aeroclubs, including a number of tropicalised versions for use in North Africa. Unlike its predecessors, the MB.100 was not designed for homebuilding.

Variants
 MB.100 - initial production version (7 built)
 MB.101 - tropicalised version with engine air filter and more durable exterior finish (14 built)

Specifications (MB.100)

References

 
 
 
 
 

1950s French sport aircraft
Brochet aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1951
Brochet. Constructions Aéronautiques Maurice Brochet was a French manufacturer of light aircraft established by Maurice Brochet (18 June 1899 – 16 June 1969) in Neauphle-le-Château in 1947.

Aircraft design and construction
Initially, the firm sold plans for light aircraft of Brochet's own designs to amateur constructors, but gradually undertook more and more aircraft construction, with its final designs not marketed for homebuilding at all. During the early 1950s, Brochet sold some 58 light planes of eight designs to the French government for distribution to the country's aeroclubs.

Aircraft produced
Maurice Brochet built the MB.10 and the MB.20 gliders in the 1930s. The latter became the Avia 50 motorized glider.
He also built three units of the MB.30 monoplane with parasol wing in 1934 before opening the Brochet factory.

The aircraft produced in series by the factory after WW II were the following:
Brochet MB.40 (1 built)
Brochet MB.50 (12 built)
Brochet MB.60 (1 built)
Brochet MB.70 Series (8 built)
Brochet MB.80 Series (11 built)
Brochet MB.100 Series (21 built)
Brochet MB.110 (2 built)
Brochet MB.120 (2 built)

References
Notes

Bibliography

External links

Avions Maurice Brochet V

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of France
Flash vacuum pyrolysis. Flash vacuum pyrolysis (FVP) is a technique in organic synthesis.  It entails heating a precursor molecule intensely and briefly.  Two key parameters are the temperature and duration (or residence time), which are adjusted to optimize yield, conversion, and avoidance of intractable products.  Often the experiment entails volatilizing a precursor, which is drawn through a "hot zone" followed by rapid condensation.  The apparatus typically is conducted under dynamic vacuum.  The hot zone must impart heat to the gaseous molecules, so it is generally packed with solids to induce gas-solid collisions.  The packing material is generally chemically inert, such as quartz.  The precursor (i) volatilizes with gentle heating and under vacuum, (ii) the precursor fragments or rearranges in the hot zone, and finally (iii) the products are collected by rapid cooling. Rapid post-reaction cooling and the dilution inherent in gases both suppress bimolecular degradation pathways.

Examples
The technique is applied to conversions that proceed via unimolecular pathways.  2-Acetoxydioxane, when heated at 425 °C converts to the highly reactive dioxene, via loss of acetic acid.
  2-Furonitrile has been prepared by flash-dehydration of 2-furoic acid amide or oxime over molecular sieves. The strained ring benzocyclobutenone has been prepared by FVP from a simple benzoyl chloride precursor.

References

Pyrolysis
Organic reactions
Chemical processes
S8 Guangzhou–Foshan–Zhaoqing Expressway. S8 Guangzhou–Foshan–Zhaoqing Expressway, sometimes shortened to Guangwu Expressway, () is a provincial expressway connecting the cities of Guangzhou, in Guangdong province, and Wuzhou, in Guangxi autonomous region. 

Expressways in China
Transport in Guangdong
Transport in Guangxi
Larry Zhixing Hu. Larry Zhixing Hu was awarded minor planet name 18739 Larryhu during the 2003 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair in Cleveland, Ohio for his grand award-winning computer science team project named "A Liquid-based Thermoelectric Application for Processor Architecture Scalability".  The year prior, Larry was a member of the first team to be sent to ISEF from the state of Alabama.

Hu was awarded third place in the 2003 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his computer science team project. He attended the UMS Wright Preparatory School, Mobile, Alabama, U.S.A.

He graduated from the University of Washington with his Computer Information Science capstone entitled "An Explorative Study in Scalable Information Technology Applications" that contemplated the growth of computing power with respect to Moore's Law and Ray Kurzweil's Law of Accelerating Returns .

He currently lives in Seattle, Washington, works at Microsoft in the Office 365 team as a Systems and DevOps Engineer.

External links
 LINEAR Winners 2003, Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
 Science Service, 2003 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair, Project CS312
The Law of Accelerating Returns by Ray Kurzweil

Notes 

  Larryhu Discovered 1998 Sept. 26 by MIT Lincoln Laboratory's Near-Earth Asteroid Research program.

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
T.U.S.C.A.. T.U.S.C.A. was a transportation and land use plan for Puerto Rico, created in 1970-1971.

T.U.S.C.A. stands for “Transportation and Urban Settlement Combined Action”. It was a visionary transportation and land use plan prepared by architect Etienne Dusart, heading up a team of architects, landscape architects and transportation planners and engineers during 1970-71. The plan was prepared by a team of planners, engineers, and landscape architects, headed by Etienne Dusart for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico's Planning Board. Due to the unwillingness of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico to invest the necessary resources in the project, the plan was never implemented. Twenty years later, David Fairchild, one of the original planners for T.U.S.C.A. headed up a plan to design the 'Tren Urbano' heavy rail transit system, but only for the metro area of San Juan, and without the land use component of the original plan.

Preparation of the T.U.S.C.A. plan was financed jointly by both the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT Contract No DOT-UT-402) and by the Government of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.  Its purpose was to connect the cities and towns around the entire coastal plain of the Island of Puerto Rico with a transit system and to construct a series of new towns served by that transit system.

See "The color of politics: Red, blue … and green" by Susan Fairbanks, San Juan Star, July 2, 2007. A report for this pioneering study was published by the Puerto Rico Planning Board in 1971: "TUSCA Project-Preliminary Planning Study", 1971, 534 pages. That report is available from TRIS (PB-211 841).

References

Transportation in Puerto Rico
Continual power system. A continual power system is a system for reliably supplying uninterrupted power. Examples of a continual power system include uninterruptible power supplies and emergency power systems. The need for continual power systems has risen because more and more essential services depend on consistent power, such as lighting, computing, and communications.

Continual power systems are used because energy provider's roles and responsibilities are not rigorously defined.   

The key to reliable power systems is to avoid power disturbances, such as deviation of voltage or current in an ideal single-frequency sine wave with constant amplitude and frequency. 

In a study conducted in 2011 with Flemish households, researchers found that a relatively small share were willing to accept lower reliability in return for a small bill discount.

Flywheel

An example of a continual power system is the flywheel, which is common on colocation sites. These consist of an electric motor, a flywheel, a generator, and a diesel engine. In normal operation, the electric motor, supplied from the grid, turns the flywheel which in turn, turns the generator. In the event of generator failure, the flywheel keeps the generator turning while the diesel engine restarts. The flywheel is an effective way of governing the Flywheel Energy Storage System (FESS) for wind power smoothing. It stores in the range of 89-93% of the mean state of charge which means that as the blades on the flywheel turn, between 89-93% of the energy is stored.

Turbines

A turbine is a set of blades that are forced to turn by an external energy source. When the blades start turning, the shaft to which they are connected starts to spin, and the generator then creates electricity. Examples of external forces that can power turbines include wind, water, steam, and gas. Turbines can be used in creating a continual power system because as long as the blades turn, power is created.

Microbial fuel cells
Microbial fuel cells create energy when bacteria break down organic material. This produces a charge that is transferred to the cell's anode. Human saliva, which has much organic material, can be used to power a tiny microbial fuel cell. This can produce sufficient energy to run on-chip applications. This application can be used in things such as biomedical devices and cell phones.

A study evaluated microbial fuel cells to create electricity and treat wastewater. During a five-month time period, a sucrose-based solution continuously generated electricity of 170mW/m2. Power density grew with increasing chemical oxygen demand up to 2.0g COD/day with no increase in power density after that. This shows that while this system can continuously provide electricity, it has its limitations.

References

Electric power
Hayes Manufacturing Company. The Hayes Manufacturing Company, also known as Hayes, was a Canadian manufacturer specializing in heavy equipment vehicles. Founded in 1928 as Hayes-Anderson, Hayes developed custom trucks and off-road vehicles to expanded with the local forestry industry in Vancouver. Before World War II, Hayes had diversified into streamliner buses, while afterwards they expanded into on-highway semi-trailer trucks. In 1969, Mack Trucks acquired a majority stake in Hayes before ultimately being sold off to Paccar five years later. Hayes ceased operations in 1975.

History

The Hayes Manufacturing Company was established in Vancouver in 1920 by Douglas Hayes, an owner of a parts dealer, and entrepreneur W. E. Anderson from Quadra Island, as Hayes-Anderson Motor Company Ltd. The company sold American-built trucks and truck parts for the first two years, then built their own trucks, because the trucks weren’t strong enough for the heavy loads of the logging industry. The company was renamed Hayes Manufacturing Company Ltd. after Anderson left the company in 1928. In 1933, Hayes added diesel engines to their trucks; the first logging truck manufacturing company to do so. Despite Anderson leaving the company, the trucks kept the Hayes-Anderson badging until 1934. Throughout the late 1930s, Hayes was a distributor of British-made Leyland trucks, and the Leyland trucks supplemented Hayes' range of trucks. The company also used Leyland's components for the trucks.

Hayes merged with Lawrence Manufacturing, a logging equipment manufacturer, in 1946. Three employees  Vic Barclay, Mac Billingsley and Claude Thick  left the management division of Hayes to start Pacific Truck & Trailer Co. in 1947. In the early 1950s, the company started manufacturing a range of on-road trucks. The Signal Company, the parent firm of Mack Trucks, acquired a two-thirds share in Hayes Manufacturing in 1969, and Hayes began a mass expansion. The company was renamed Hayes Trucks in 1971. The company at its peak had 600 employees and three plants. In 1975, Signal sold the company to Gearmatic Co., a subsidiary of Paccar, which closed the Hayes plants and stopped production.

Products
Hayes manufactured cab-over and conventional trucks. Hayes also manufactured buses, moving vans, tractors and trailers. The company's few bus models included the Hayes Teardrop, a streamlined bus introduced in 1936. Several Teardrop buses were purchased by Pacific Stage Lines, one of which has been preserved by the Transit Museum Society.

See also
Pacific Trucks — Company founded by three former employees.
Challenger trucks — A company founded in 1987 that rebuilt Hayes trucks.

References

Works cited

Defunct truck manufacturers
Defunct bus manufacturers
Manufacturing companies based in Vancouver
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1920
Vehicle manufacturing companies disestablished in 1975
1920 establishments in British Columbia
1975 disestablishments in British Columbia
Bus manufacturers of Canada
Truck manufacturers of Canada
Canadian companies disestablished in 1975
Canadian companies established in 1920
Heavy haulage