omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
HP 250. The HP 250 was a multiuser business computer by Hewlett-Packard running HP 250 BASIC language as its OS with access to HP's IMAGE database management. It was produced by the General Systems Division (GSD), but was a major repackaging of desktop workstation HP 9835 from the HP 9800 series which had been sold in small business configurations. The HP 9835's processor was initially used in the first HP 250s.

The HP 250 borrowed the embedded keyboard design from the HP 300 and added a wider slide-able and tilt-able monitor with screen labeled function keys buttons physically placed just below on-screen labels (a configuration now used in ATMs and gas pumps) built into a large desk design.

Though the HP 250 had a different processor and operating system, it used similar interface cards to the HP 300, and then later also the HP 3000 models 30, 33, 40, 42, 44, and 48: HP-IB channel (GIC), Network, and serial (MUX) cards. Usually the HP250 was a small HP-IB single channel system (limited to seven HP-IB devices per GIC at a less than 1 MHz bandwidth).

Initially the HP 250 was like the HP300 as a single user, floppy based computer system. Later a multi-user ability was added, and the HP300's embedded hard drive was installed as a boot drive. Additionally, drivers were made available to connect and use more HP-IB devices: hard disc and tape drives, plus impact and matrix printers. This gave some business-growth scale-ability to the HP250 product line.

The HP 250 was advertised in 1978 and was promoted more in Europe as an easy-to-use, small space, low cost business system, and thus sold better in Europe. Later publicity emphasised the usability of the system for employees with only minimal training. The next-gen HP 250 was the HP 260 which lost the table, embedded keyboard, and CRT for a small stand-alone box.

HP systems moved away from all-in-one table top designs to having the system in a remote secure location, and remotely connecting user's terminals and peripherals out to in their work area. In those days, RS-232 cables ran from desk side terminals (262x low cost terminals) to the HP 250 via a MUX card. Speeds of 9600 baud were common (pre- LAN / network cards to PCs).

See also
 HP Roman Extension Set

References

External links
Ed Thelen's Computer History Museum Visible Storage page

Stan Sieler's HP250 page
HP Museum site
Retro Computer museum, Zatec, Czech Republic video

250
16-bit computers
Rutenber Motor Company. The Rutenber Motor Company was established as the Rutenber Manufacturing Company in Chicago, Illinois, United States, to manufacture a four-cylinder engine to the design of Edwin Rutenber.

History 
Rutenber studied the trade of mechanics and, about 1892, built a single-cylinder engine.  By 1898, he produced the first four-cylinder engine to be manufactured in the United States.  A six-horsepower, single-cylinder engine was used by Frank Eckhart in his 1900 prototype car that was the seed for the Auburn which used Rutenber engines until about 1923.

In 1902, Rutenber relocated his company, renamed the Western Motor Company, to Logansport, Indiana.  There, the company designed and manufactured 4- and 6-cylinder engines  for the emerging automobile and truck industry.  Rutenber himself briefly entered the auto business, creating the Rutenber auto and producing as few as 10 automobiles.  One of those was known to have been designed for C. W. Swift of the famous Chicago meat packing house.  He quickly exited the business to focus on engines.  By 1907 the company employed three to four hundred men and shipped engines all over the United States.

Rutenber engines were used from 1905 in the Stoddard-Dayton automobiles, which became well known for their speed and power, winning the Indianapolis race in 1909.  In 1905, the Moon made its debut in Detroit with a 35 hp four-cylinder engine. In 1913, the Moon was equipped with a six-cylinder Rutenber engine.  In 1907, a 60 hp Rutenber engine powered the Meteor that went from Chicago to St. Louis () in 23 hours.  Rutenber engines were also used in a long list of early automobiles: American, Burg, Glide, Halladay, Jewel, Lexington, Luverne, Nyberg, Roamer and Westcott and were exported for use in the Australian Six.  They were also found in early Indiana trucks, De Berry airplanes, Wetmore tractors, Howe fire pumpers, marine applications, and many were used to power carnival carousels.

In 1912, Edwin Rutenber sold his interest in the company and the rights to the name and severed further connection to it.  The company was renamed The Rutenber Motor Company. Edwin Rutenber then turned his attention to the manufacture of electric appliances, establishing The Rutenber Electric Co. "RECO", to exploit the rapid electrification of the nation.

In December 1926, A. C. Barley, President of Roamer Motor Car Company, bought Rutenber Motor Company and its Logansport, Indiana plant.  A. C. Barley had been an officer at Rutenber years earlier and the Barley family had been large shareholders in the company.  It is thought the company closed around 1933.

In 1973, a Rutenber descendant donated a Rutenber engine to the Smithsonian Institution.

See also 
 Edwin Rutenber
 Edwin Rutenber and Western Motor Company- Cass County History
 Rutenber advertisement at Chuck's Toyland

References

Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States
Motor vehicle manufacturers based in Indiana
Defunct manufacturing companies based in Indiana
Engine manufacturers of the United States
1900s cars
Vintage vehicles
Motor vehicle engine manufacturers
Circuit breaker (disambiguation). A circuit breaker is an automatic electrical switch.

Circuit breaker or circuit breakers may also refer to:

 Trading curb or circuit breaker, a stock market term
 Richie Hawtin (born 1970) alias Circuit Breaker, an electronic musician and DJ
 "Circuit Breaker", a song from Röyksopp's album The Understanding
 Circuit breaker design pattern, a design pattern in programming
 Circuit Breakers (video game), a 1998 racing video game
 Circuit Breaker, a gadget blog on The Verge, an American technology news and media network
 Circuit Breaker, the name Singapore gave its partial lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic, and subsequently adopted by other countries.
Maize Craze. Maize Craze was the game in the inaugural year, 1992, of the FIRST Robotics Competition. Gameplay consists of four individual robots, or “machines”, trying to collect tennis balls, or “treasure”, into their own home base. The field also includes an impediment to the robots consisting of a layer of loose corn kernels covering the entire playing field, 1-2 inches deep.

Field and Scoring

Maize Craze is played on a 16 feet (4.9 m) by 16 feet square piece of plywood, 2.5 feet (0.8 m) above the floor, covered in a 1-2 inch deep layer of loose corn kernels. The field's perimeter is rimmed with 8 inch (20.3 cm) tall Plexiglas walls. The four home bases measure 20 inches (50.8 cm) square and one is placed at the center of each of the four edges of the field.

There are five posts on the field, one in each corner and one in the center. The center post is 12 inches (30.5 cm) tall and is capped by a high-value tennis ball worth 25 points. Two of the corner posts, at a diagonal from the other, are 36 inches (91.5 cm) tall and capped by high-value tennis balls. The remaining two corner posts are 24 inches (61 cm) tall and capped by medium-value tennis balls worth 10 points. 150 low-value tennis balls worth 1 point are placed around the center post. Robots remove high- and medium- value tennis balls from the posts and score them along with low-value tennis balls collected from the floor into their respective home bases.

A structure extends 25 feet (7.6 m) above the floor to support the electrical umbilicals for the robots.

Game Pieces
The only game piece in Maize Craze is the “treasure”, or tennis balls. There are a total of 155 available during a game, all staged on the field. Three high-value balls are staged on three of the posts, two medium-value balls are staged on the other posts, and 150 low-value balls are staged on the ground around the center post.

Scoring Areas
Each robot has a corresponding home base where they score game pieces and also where they are staged at the beginning of the match. To score, robots must remove tennis balls from the posts or retrieve them from the floor and place them into their home base. The winner of each match is determined by the total point value of the tennis balls in each home base.

Robots
Robots are powered and controlled through 'umbilicals' hanging from the overhead structure and a 9-volt on-board "transistor radio" battery. The robots must fit within a 38 cm (15 in) by 50 cm (19.7 in) by 34 cm (13.4 in) box and weigh no more than 11 kg (24.3 lb). The robot could only be driven by two student members of the team, although an “engineer”, or mentor, is allowed to coach from within a designated coaching box.

References

1992 in robotics
FIRST Robotics Competition games
SBT. SBT may refer to:

In entertainment and media
 Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão (Brazilian Television System), a Brazilian TV network
 South Bend Tribune newspaper, and its associated broadcast stations:
 WSBT (AM)
 WSBT-TV
 Sym-Bionic Titan, an American animated series created by Genndy Tartakovsky for Cartoon Network

In science, technology, and medicine
 sbt (software), source build tool for the Scala programming language
 2-sec-Butyl-4,5-dihydrothiazole, a thiazoline ligand
 Small bowel transplantation, a transplant surgery
 Spontaneous breathing trial, abbreviation used in medical documents
 Session-based testing, a software test method combining accountability and exploratory testing

Other uses
 Sabetta International Airport, IATA code SBT
 Scan-based trading, an inventory system
 Single-bullet theory, a theory on some aspects of John F. Kennedy's assassination
 Southern bluefin tuna, a species of tuna
 Special Boat Teams, a unit under U.S. Naval Special Warfare Command
 Staffordshire Bull Terrier, a breed of dog
 State Bank of Travancore, a bank in India
 Swedish Bikini Team, a group of American female models
 Sweetened beverage tax
Log house moulder. A log house moulder is a machine used to shape logs for building a log home. Shaping creates the correct profile for stacking and joining logs. This process may involve removing the bark, milling into a cylinder, and/or planing into flat surfaces. Log house moulders may be machines capable of processing large volumes of unlimited length logs, or more portable units which leverage a chainsaw as a motor.

Capabilities
Industiral log through-pass moulders centralize several steps of wood preparation, weighting up to 11,000 kilograms and able to process up to 1,000 meters of logs per 8 hours. Barked or debarked green or dry logs are fed into such a machine one after other. Logs are milled into shape which, depending on style, results in cylindrical or square beams. These different profiles are customizable depending on construction method: Swedish cope, Tongue&groove, D-log, bevel-edged, etc. This configuration is accomplished through affixing different saw teeth to produce flat, curved, or notched cuts. While permanent log house moulders are powered by electricity, portable sawmills use a chainsaw driven milling cutter.

References

Woodworking
S-25 (rocket). The S-25 is a Soviet air-to-ground rocket launched from aircraft. It is launched from the O-25 pod which can hold one rocket. The rocket first entered service with the Soviet Air Force in 1975.

Variants
The rocket has four variants:
S-25-OF with high explosive-fragmentation warhead
S-25-O with fragmentation warhead and radio proximity fuze
S-25-OFM for use against hardened targets
S-25L (LD) laser-guided variant

References

Air-to-ground rockets of the Soviet Union
George Tod (surveyor). George Tod was a British surveyor and hothouse builder who provided colour illustrations and descriptions of 26 "glass houses," chiefly of his own design, in an 1807 publication. The text presents plans, elevations and sections of hothouses, greenhouses, conservatories, and an aquarium built in different parts of England for various noblemen and gentlemen, including a hothouse and greenhouse in the gardens at Frogmore. In a review in The Literary Panorama of 1807, Tod's book is priced at £2. 12s. 6d., and is praised for giving greenhouse examples that could be reproduced "by any ingenious workman".

References

External links
Plans, Elevations and Sections, of Hot-Houses, Green-Houses, an Aquarium, Conservatories…, by Tod, George.

British surveyors
English landscape and garden designers
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Mineral (disambiguation). A mineral is a chemical element or compound that is normally crystalline, formed as a result of geological processes.

Mineral may also refer to:

Mineral water, water containing dissolved minerals of the sense above
Mineral (nutrient), a chemical element required by living organisms
Mineral resources, geological deposits (crystalline, non-crystalline, solid, liquid or gas) which potentially can be mined

Places
Mineral, California
Mineral, Washington
Mineral del Monte, Hidalgo, Mexico
Mineral, Illinois
Mineral, Oklahoma
Mineral Township, Bureau County, Illinois, United States
Mineral Township, Cherokee County, Kansas, United States
Mineral Township, Barry County, Missouri, United States
Mineral Township, Venango County, Pennsylvania, United States
Mineral, Texas
Mineral, Virginia

Other uses
Mineral (band), an emo band
Mineral River, a river in Michigan
Soft drinks, in some English speaking countries

See also
Mineral City (disambiguation)
Mineral County (disambiguation)
Vortis. Vortis may refer to:

 Vortis (Doctor Who), a fictional planet in the British science fiction series Doctor Who
 Vortis, an indie rock band including drummer Jim DeRogatis
 Tokushima Vortis, a professional soccer club in Japan
 The Red Shiny Robots of Vortis appear in the TV series Hyperdrive

See also
Fortis (disambiguation)
Fortschritt. Fortschritt (German for "Progress") was an East German brand of tractors, combine harvesters and other agricultural machines made by VEB Fortschritt (part of the IFA) in Neustadt, Saxony. It was the largest agricultural machinery manufacturer in the nation.

Fortschritt was taken over by Case IH in 1997. Since 2016, Chinese company Fortschritt Agritech Ltd. has been operating as Fortschritt and holds the manufacturing, marketing and sales rights of the Fortschritt brand. They currently produce balers, tipper trailers and windrowers

References

Companies of East Germany
Eastern Interconnection. The Eastern Interconnection is one of the two major alternating-current (AC) electrical grids in the North American power transmission grid.  The other major interconnection is the Western Interconnection. The three minor interconnections are the Quebec, Alaska, and Texas interconnections.

All of the electric utilities in the Eastern Interconnection are electrically tied together during normal system conditions and operate at a synchronized frequency at an average of 60 Hz. The Eastern Interconnection reaches from Central Canada eastward to the Atlantic coast (excluding Quebec), south to Florida, and back to the western Great Plains (excluding most of Texas).

Interconnections can be tied to each other via high-voltage direct current power transmission lines (DC ties), or with variable-frequency transformers (VFTs), which permit a controlled flow of energy while also functionally isolating the independent AC frequencies of each side. The Eastern Interconnection is tied to the Western Interconnection with six DC ties, to the Texas Interconnection with two DC ties, and to the Quebec Interconnection with four DC ties and a VFT.

In 2016, National Renewable Energy Laboratory simulated a year with 30% renewable energy (wind and solar power) in 5-minute intervals. Results show a stable grid with some changes in operation.

Electricity demand
The North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) reported in 2008 the following actual and projected consumption for the regions of the Eastern Interconnection (all figures in gigawatts):

See also
Northeast blackout of 1965
Northeast blackout of 2003

References

Further reading
 
 
 Current projects 

 
Electric power transmission systems in the United States
Wide area synchronous grids
Electric grid interconnections in North America
Western Interconnection. The Western Interconnection is a wide area synchronous grid and one of the two major alternating current (AC) power grids in the North American power transmission grid.  The other major wide area synchronous grid is the Eastern Interconnection.  The minor interconnections are the Québec Interconnection, the Texas Interconnection, and the Alaska Interconnections.

All of the electric utilities in the Western Interconnection are electrically tied together during normal system conditions and operate at a synchronized frequency of 60 Hz.  The Western Interconnection stretches from Western Canada south to Baja California in Mexico, reaching eastward over the Rockies to the Great Plains.

Interconnections can be tied to each other via high-voltage direct current power transmission lines (DC ties) such as the north-south Pacific DC Intertie, or with variable-frequency transformers (VFTs), which permit a controlled flow of energy while also functionally isolating the independent AC frequencies of each side. There are six DC ties to the Eastern Interconnection in the US and one in Canada, and there are proposals to add four additional ties.  It is not tied to the Alaska Interconnection.

Consumption

In 2015, WECC had an energy consumption of 883 TWh, roughly equally distributed between industrial, commercial and residential consumption. There was a summer peak demand of 150,700 MW and a winter peak demand (2014–15) of 126,200 MW.

Production

The region had a nameplate capacity of 265 GW in 2015, 276 GW in 2019, and 286 GW in 2021. Together, wind, solar, and hydro resources account for 47% of installed capacity. Installed coal capacity was 24 GW, compared to roughly 34 GW of wind and 28 GW of solar. While the resource mix is changing, with wind and solar eclipsing coal in installed capacity, in 2021 coal still generated slightly more power than wind and solar combined, down from twice as much in 2017.

See also
 Western Electricity Coordinating Council
WECC Intertie Paths

References

Further reading
 Current projects 

 
Electric power transmission systems in the United States
Wide area synchronous grids
Electric grid interconnections in North America
Erhard Melcher. Erhard Melcher (born 1. January 1940) is a German engineer who was one of the founders of AMG Engine Production and Development, a current subsidiary of Mercedes-Benz.

Melcher began his career at Daimler in the 1960s working for their development department. Following Mercedes Benzes halt of racing activities Melcher and Hans-Werner Aufrecht founded AMG. 

When Aufrecht moved AMG to larger premises in Affalterbach in 1971, Melcher left the company to work independently at his new company MKB Manufaktur in Burgstall. He and his small company keep supplying engine designs and parts to AMG, e.g. for the Mercedes Formula 3 engine that dominates the Formula Three Euroseries.

External links
bio 

Living people
1940 births
German automotive engineers
Engineers from Baden-Württemberg
Clarence W. Spicer. Clarence Winfred Spicer (November 30, 1875 – November 21, 1939) was an American automotive engineer and inventor, best known for the first practical design and use of the universal joint in automotive applications.

Early life and education

Spicer was born November 30, 1875, in Edelstein, Illinois to John and Cornelia Babcock Spicer; the third of four children. The Spicer family operated a creamery and at a young age Spicer learned how to maintain the creamery equipment while helping his father. In 1891, due to the Spicer family's Seventh Day Baptist religion, Spicer was sent to the church's Alfred Academy in Alfred, New York to complete his education. He returned home without finishing school in 1894 to help his father with the creamery business after his father was injured in farming accident. On December 1, 1896, Spicer married Anna Olive Burdick, a fellow student at Alfred. The couple took up residence near the family dairy farm at Edelstein. 

In 1899, Spicer enrolled in mechanical and electrical engineering courses at Cornell University, where he undertook the design of a motor car as a class assignment. During the design exercise, Spicer developed the design of a universal joint that was practical for automotive use. With the encouragement of his instructor, Dean Robert H. Thurston, Spicer applied for and received a patent for a practical automotive universal joint on May 19, 1903. Thurston died on October 25, 1903, and without a mentor, Spicer decided to leave Cornell during his last semester of school and start the manufacture of his universal joint design for sale to automotive manufacturers.

Career
Spicer began manufacturing his invention through an arrangement with the Potter Printing Press Company in Plainfield, New Jersey, on April 1, 1904. Spicer incorporated the Spicer Universal Joint Manufacturing Company in May 1905 and shortened the name to Spicer Manufacturing Company in 1909.

Nearly a century later, Spicer's company is now Dana Incorporated, with headquarters in Toledo, Ohio, and worldwide automotive parts sales approaching US$10 billion per year.

Later life and death
Spicer served as a member of the Alfred University Board of Trustees from 1917 until his death in November 1939. He was a member and officer of the Society for Automotive Engineers (SAE).

Legacy
Spicer is a member of the Automotive Hall of Fame.

Notes
Citations

References used

 
 

1875 births
1939 deaths
American automotive engineers
Alfred University alumni
Cornell University alumni
Lockheed Air Express. 

The Lockheed Air Express was the second aircraft design created by the Lockheed Aircraft Company after its founding in 1927; the type first flew in April 1928.

Description 
The Air Express design incorporated the original fuselage of the Vega, but in order to meet the requirements of Western Air Express, the wing was raised to a parasol configuration above the fuselage and the cockpit was moved behind the wing, while a more powerful Pratt & Whitney Wasp engine was fitted to ease operations over the Sierra Nevada mountains. The design was a commercial success for the company although only seven were built, plus one Air Express Special.

No Air Expresses have survived to the present day. One, registered NR3057, was flown by Roscoe Turner.

Variants 
Lockheed 3 Air Express Single-engined passenger and mail transport aircraft, seating between four and six passengers in an enclosed cabin, able to carry up to 1,000-lb (454-kg) of mail, powered by a 410-hp (306-kW) Pratt & Whitney Wasp radial piston engine; seven built.
Air Express Special One-off version built for Laura Ingalls, for a non-stop trans-Atlantic flight in 1931; one built.

Operators 

Panair do Brasil

American Airways
New York, Rio, and Buenos Aires Line
Pan American Airways
 Texas Air Transport
Western Air Express

Specifications

See also

References 

Notes

Bibliography
 Francillon, René J. Lockheed Aircraft since 1913. London:Putnam, First edition, 1982. .
 Francillon, René J, Lockheed Aircraft since 1913. Naval Institute Press: Annapolis, 1987.

Air Express
1920s United States airliners
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Parasol-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1928
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear