omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Savoia-Marchetti SM.83. The Savoia-Marchetti SM.83 was an Italian civil airliner of the 1930s.  It was a civilian version of the Savoia-Marchetti SM.79 bomber.

Design and development
It was a monoplane, with retractable undercarriage, and a slim fuselage. Though the cabin was provided with heaters, oxygen provision and sound insulation it was large enough for the 4 crew and only four to 10 passengers. The construction was of mixed materials in the typical Savoia-Marchetti style of the time: steel tubes for the fuselage, wood for the wings, and the outer skin made up of wood, fabric or metal. The wings had slats. The powerplant was three AR.126 engines giving a total of about 2,300 hp.

The maximum range stated was . The maximum speed was slightly better than the bomber  at  due to the absence of the gondola and hump machine gun positions.

First flying on 19 November 1937, it entered into production for LATI, SABENA and other companies, but it had less success compared to the more economic and capable 18 seater Savoia-Marchetti S.73 even if had much improved performance. As a result, only 23 were built in two main series.

Service
When war broke out, the Italian aircraft were impressed into the Regia Aeronautica, and used in transport units.

One S.83 was used near the end of the war to flee Italy. Spain had forbidden aircraft both military and civilian of the Axis powers from landing there so S.83 was painted with Croatian insignia and purportedly owned by a Croatian citizen. Carrying 5,000 litres of fuel (50% more than standard) and 14 men and women including the parents of Claretta Petacci, Benito Mussolini’s mistress), the aircraft took off at 4:30 on 23 April 1945 from Milan. It landed at Barcelona just three hours later. It was not until September that the crew and aircraft were repatriated.

Operators

Civil operators
 
 SABENA - four aircraft (three delivered)
 
 Ala Littoria
 LATI
 
 LARES - three aircraft
 Prince Bibesco of Romania - one aircraft

Military operators
 
 Belgian Air Force
 
 Regia Aeronautica
 
 Royal Romanian Air Force

Specifications (S.83)

See also

Notes

References 

SM.083
1930s Italian airliners
Trimotors
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1937
Savoia-Marchetti S.84. The Savoia-Marchetti S.84 was an Italian twin-engined airliner developed in Italy, from the three-engined Savoia-Marchetti S.73; only the prototype was completed and the designation was re-used for the Savoia-Marchetti SM.84.

Specifications (S.84 prototype)

Notes

References

 

S.84
1930s Italian airliners
Low-wing aircraft
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1936
Brand implementation. In marketing, brand implementation refers to the physical representation and consistent application of brand identity across visual and verbal media. In visual terms, this can include signage, uniforms, liveries, interior design and branded merchandise. Brand implementation encompasses facets of architecture, product design, industrial design, quantity surveying, engineering, procurement, project management and retail design.

Brand implementation is an integrated part of a branding cycle and needs to be initiated during the brand design and development phase. Brand implementation is the continuous and consistent application of the brand's image in all business units, communication channels and media.

This refers to marketing and branding as a unified whole. In that respect, brand implementation is a continuous process, which requires controlling the brand's image and presence despite changes in markets and company structure.

Background
Brand implementation emerged as a discipline in the 1990s when brand owners recognized the need for consistency across branded estates. Traditionally, brand implementation was handled by various parties, including shop-fitters, interior designers and sign companies. Lack of centralized project management led to inconsistencies, while information dissymmetry meant suppliers had too much control over brand issues. Brand implementation was consequently coined as an umbrella term for all aspects of the application and maintenance of physical brand assets.

Key problem fields
The experience of more than 80 companies operating worldwide shows that a lack of planning before the rebrand, consistent implementation and complete control are the key problems of brand implementation. Eight large stumbling blocks  stand in the way of effective implementation: 
 Inadequate communication
 No situation and needs analysis
 Lack of consequence
 Undefined processes
 Fragmented (organizational) structures.
 Organisations not considering all touchpoints
 No localisation strategy
 Absence of brand management strategy

Magic and Logic
Brand implementation does not involve the design or creation of brand identity; brand implementation agencies work closely with branding agencies to ensure that their work is applied accurately and consistently. This relationship is referred to as Magic and Logic (RTM of Marketing Supply Chain International). Branding agencies look after the Magic (creative) and brand implementation agencies look after the Logic (implementation).

See also
Brand architecture
Brand community
Brand engagement
Brand loyalty
Brand orientation
Branded asset management
Employer branding
Integrated marketing communications
Visual merchandising

References

Further reading
Baxter, Marilyn (2006) "Magic and Logic, explains the relationship between design, procurement and agencies."
Van den Bosch, A.L.M., (2005). Corporate Visual Identity Management: current practices, impact and assessment. Doctoral dissertation, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands."

Implementation
Egger-bahn. Egger-Bahn was a German model railway manufacturer. The company produced the first H0e (HO (1:87) scale narrow gauge rolling stock using N gauge track) models, and established HOe as a viable model railway standard. The firm was founded in 1963 by three brothers. One of them, a performer, soon left the firm. Theodor Egger, technician, and Jonathan Egger, salesman, continued. The models first appeared at the 1963 Nuremberg Toy Fair.

The scale/gauge combination represented 600–750 mm gauge lines, but could reasonably depict several similar narrow gauge sizes. 009 is a similar concept, used mainly for modelling UK-based prototypes, again on N gauge track, but to the OO scale of 4 mm to 1 ft (1:76.2). Egger was the first to produce H0e ready-to-run models, and they were a great success. In 1964 the range was expanded, including a steam locomotive. Models from Egger-Bahn were often used in presentation layouts. For instance Faller used them in their magazine, as the smaller models better fit Faller's scale of 1:100. In the USA Egger-Bahn was marketed by AHM (as H0n30 scale) together with Roco Peetzy models under the name of "Minitrains". 
 
A combination of market demands and technological innovation (such as Magna-Kraft) led to the company having to revise molds and create new models at a rapid pace. Later on, it was decided to simplify models in an attempt to better keep up with demand, a move which was unpopular with consumers. The company, in an effort to gain more financial backing, partnered with Constantin Film to produce "western" themed trains to go with the company's Old Shatterhand and Winnetou films, however their lack of realism (for modellers) and fragility (for children) lead to poor sales. In the end the firm was broken up in 1967 and Jouef later acquired the toolings and produced the models for a short time, ending in the early 1970s.

In 1983 the old molds were rediscovered in storage, and Jouef attempted to market the models within France, to little success, leading to the line to cease production again by the early 1990s.The company name registration was not renewed and now is possessed by private owners including Theodor Egger.

Apart from the narrow-gauge trains, Egger-Bahn produced a boat in N-scale. It was meant to become a mechanical moving boat in real water. This was the great love of Mr Theodor. He only produced one Mississippi-styled boat.

Egger also started the production of slotcars with the name of Egger-Silberpfeil. These models can also be found with Jouef. The Egger-models ran with a Jouef motor. 
The Egger-Lectron, a system for modular electronic experimentation, consisting of elements with magnetic links, has been a quite successful product. It was licensed by Braun and Raytheon, and later spun off in an independent company Lectron GmbH. The Lectron system is still in production today.

Notes

External links

 multi-lingual table of Egger products
 Playcraft Eggerbahn page
 German Eggerbahn site (in English)
 Dutch Eggerbahn site

Model railroad manufacturers
30 inch railways and modelling
Model manufacturers of Germany
Benz Bz.IIIb. The Benz Bz.IIIb was an eight-cylinder, water-cooled, V-engine developed in Germany for use in aircraft in 1918.

Design and development
Inspired by the Hispano-Suiza 8, some of which were captured and tested, the Benz Bz.IIIb was a fairly large engine, but its performance was disappointing.  Despite not being accepted for service use a number of late World War I prototype German aircraft used the Bz.IIIb, the Benz IIIbo and the geared Benz IIIbm.  The latter suffered vibration problems.

Applications
 AEG DJ.I
 AEG PE
 Albatros D.X
 Albatros Dr.II
 Albatros W.8
 LFG Roland D.VII
 LFG Roland D.VIII

Specifications (Benz Bz.IIIb)

See also

Notes

References
 

1910s aircraft piston engines
Qmodem. Qmodem was an MS-DOS shareware telecommunications program and terminal emulator.  Qmodem was widely used to access bulletin boards in the 1980s and was well respected in the Bulletin Board System (BBS) community.  Qmodem was also known as Qmodem SST and Qmodem Pro.

History
Qmodem was developed by John Friel III in 1984 and sold as shareware through a company called  The Forbin Project.  Qmodem gained in popularity very quickly because it was much faster and had many new features compared to PC-Talk, the dominant shareware IBM PC communications program of that time.

Originally developed in Borland Turbo Pascal, the application originally supported the XMODEM protocol, gradually added support for other protocols such as the popular ZMODEM protocol and CompuServe-specific protocols such as CIS-B and CIS-B+.  Qmodem evolved to include features such as the ability to host a simple Bulletin Board System.  The application was sold to Mustang Software in 1991 and in 1992 version 5 of the program was released.

Qmodem Pro
It is a successor of Qmodem, by Mustang Software, Inc. Several versions had been released for MS-DOS and for Microsoft Windows with the final version being QmodemPro 2.1 for Windows 95 and Windows NT which was released July 7, 1997.

QmodemPro continued to be sold by Mustang Software through 2000 when the rights to it were purchased by Quintus Corporation.

Awards
1992 John Friel received the Dvorak Award for his development of Qmodem.
1994 Mustang Software Incorporated received the Dvorak Award for QmodemPro for Windows.

Software

Qmodem
Qmodem was available as shareware software for MS-DOS operating systems.

Qmodem supported the following file transfer protocols:
 ASCII (plain text transfer)
 XMODEM-Checksum (128 byte block with 8-bit checksum)
 XMODEM-Relaxed (XMODEM-Checksum with relaxed error timing)
 XMODEM-CRC (128 byte block with 16-bit CRC)
 XMODEM-1K (1024 byte block with 16-bit CRC)
 YMODEM-Batch
 ZMODEM-Batch
 XMODEM-1K/G (requires a MNP compatible error-correcting modem)
 YMODEM/G-Batch (requires a MNP compatible error-correcting modem)
 Kermit (via external program)
 Puma (via external program)

Qmodem Pro
Qmodem Pro was available as paid commercial software for MS-DOS operating systems, then later for Windows operating systems.

Qodem

An independent free software re-implementation of Qmodem for Unix-like systems called Qodem started development in 2003.  Qodem is in active development and has features common to modern communications programs, such as Unicode display, and support for the telnet and ssh network protocols.  It has also been ported to Microsoft Windows, and compatible with Windows 95 and later versions of Windows.  It can be compiled with Borland C++ 5.02 or Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0.

See also
 List of BBS software
 List of terminal emulators
 Comparison of file transfer protocols#Serial protocols

References

External links
Mustang Software, Inc. page: QmodemPro

Qmodem release archive

1984 software
Shareware
DOS software
Windows software
Communication software
Discontinued software
Free communication software
Free terminal emulators
Software clones
Fleet telematics system. A fleet telematics system (FTS) allows the information exchange between a commercial vehicle fleet and their central authority, i.e., the dispatching office. A FTS typically consists of mobile Vehicle Systems (VS) and a stationary Fleet Communication System (FCS). The FCS may be a stand-alone application maintained by the motor carrier or an internet service running by the supplier of the system. The FCS usually includes a database in which all vehicle positions and messages are stored.

Digital maps are often included which allow visualization of vehicle positions and traces. Communication with the FCS is realized by trunked radio, cellular, or satellite communication. Positioning of vehicles is usually realized by satellite positioning systems and/or dead reckoning using gyroscope and odometer.

Usually, the VS is equipped with a simple input device allowing drivers to send predefined status messages. Drivers may add simple content, e.g., numeric values, but usually cannot enter arbitrary text. Besides the messages sent by drivers, some VS can also automatically submit messages, e.g., the vehicle's position, data from sensors in the cargo body, or vehicle data from the CAN-bus and/or SAE J1939.

In 2002, major European commercial vehicle manufacturers, namely Daimler Chrysler, MAN, Scania, DAF, Iveco, Volvo, and Renault, agreed to give third parties access to vehicle data using the CAN-bus as a connection. The Fleet Management System is an open standard allowing, dependent on the vehicle equipment, access to vehicle data such as fuel consumption, engine data, or vehicle weight.

See also 
 GPS tracking
 Telematics
 Vehicle tracking system
 Fleet management

References 

 A. Goel: Fleet Telematics: Real-Time Management and Planning of Commercial Vehicle Operations. Series: Operations Research/Computer Science Interfaces Series, Vol. 40, 2008. . Owned by 24 libraries

Global Positioning System
Commercial vehicles
Telecommunications systems
Wireless locating
Fleet management
Perfluoroether. Perfluoroethers are a class of organofluorine compound containing one or more ether functional group.  In general these compounds are structurally analogous to the related hydrocarbon ethers, except for the distinctive properties of fluorocarbons.

The introduction of an ether function to a perfluoro-polymer chain also provides thermoplastic properties to the polymer, making thermal forming possible. This is a great technological advantage for producing a large variety of shapes (e.g., beakers, funnels, flasks for laboratory uses, etc...) and allows extrusion of highly chemically-resistant tubing. It also confers on the polymer a translucent appearance.

Low molecular weight fluorinated ethers

Acyclic perfluoroethers are analogues of diethylether, e.g. O(C2F5)2, such perfluoro(2-ethoxyethane)sulfonic acid	(PFEESA). 

Of practical utility are the fluorinated epoxides. Tetrafluoroethylene oxide and hexafluoropropylene oxide. These are precursors of perfluoro(methyl vinyl ether) (CF2=CFOCF3) and perfluoro(propyl vinyl ether), and are used as comonomers with tetrafluoroethylene, where they improve the properties of the resulting polytetrafluoroethylene (e.g., Teflon).

Polymeric perfluoroethers
Perfluoroalkoxy alkanes (PFAs) are fluoropolymers with properties similar to polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Methylfluoroalkoxy (MFA) is a polytetrafluoroethylene perfluoro methylvinylether prepared with a different ratio of PTFE and MVE monomers to that used for PFA. In these materials, the ether groups are pendant from the polymer backbone.

Krytox is a grease generated by the polymerization of hexafluoropropylene oxide.  Its chemical formula is F−(CF(CF3)−CF2−O)n−CF2CF3.  The ether groups are integral to the polymer chain. 

Nafion is a perfluorinated polyether with pendant sulfonic acid groups (RSO3H).

Precautions 
At high temperatures or in a fire, perfluoroethers decompose and may release hydrogen fluoride. Any residue must be handled using protective equipment.

References

External links
 MFA Properties

Fluoropolymers
Thermoplastics
Organofluorides
Perfluorinated compounds
ABC Wasp. The ABC Wasp was an experimental 170 hp (127 kW) seven-cylinder radial engine designed by the noted British engineer Granville Bradshaw, and primarily built by ABC Motors Limited. An order for twelve experimental ABC Wasp engines was placed with Guy Motors on 19 April 1918. Eight ABC Wasp engines were made by Crossley Motors Ltd of Manchester, England.

Design and development
The ABC Wasp was one of the first large non-rotary air-cooled radials. At a weight of 290 pounds (131 kg), it had a reasonable power-to-weight ratio at 0.6 horsepower per pound. This World War I–era engine is noteworthy because it was one of the first in which the cylinders were coated with copper in an attempt to dissipate heat. The ABC Wasp never evolved beyond the experimental stage, but it was the predecessor of the unsuccessful Dragonfly engine.

Variants
Wasp I
1918, 160 hp (119 kW) 
Wasp II
1919, 200 hp (149 kW)

Applications
Wasp I
Avro 504K
BAT Bantam
BAT Baboon
Sopwith Snail
Westland Wagtail

Wasp II
Avro 504K
BAT Bantam
Saunders Kittiwake
Sopwith Snail
Westland Wagtail

Specifications (Wasp I)

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

 
 Lumsden, Alec. British Piston Engines and their Aircraft. Marlborough, Wiltshire: Airlife Publishing, 2003. .

 

1910s aircraft piston engines
Wasp
Aircraft air-cooled radial piston engines
Belgian Railways Class 77. The NMBS/SNCB Class 77 (also known as HLD 77 or HLR 77) is a class of 4 axle B'B' road switcher diesel hydraulic locomotive designed for shunting and freight work manufactured at the beginning of the 2000s by Vossloh Schienentechnik/Vossloh Locomotives at the Maschinenbau Kiel plant in Kiel, Germany for the National Railway Company of Belgium (SNCB/NMBS).

Background and design
The initial order for 90 locomotives was given to Siemens in 1997 to replace an aging diesel fleet; the railway opted for a locomotive suitable for both shunting and mainline use, rather than separate classes. Siemens sold its locomotive manufacturer division (Siemens Schienenfahrzeugtechnik) to Vossloh in 1998.

The locomotives were variants of the standard MaK G 1200 series design, and are considered a development of the MaK G 1205 type. The locomotive is an off-centre cab design with a two-speed Voith hydraulic transmission driving all axles via cardan shafts. Auxiliary electrical supply is provided by an engine mounted alternator. Unlike many other MaK locomotives which use a MTU or CAT 12-cylinder V engine the locomotive has an ABC 6-cylinder inline engine.

The first locomotive was delivered in October 1999, and worked satisfactorily; a second order for 80 locomotives was given in June 2001.

Operations
The first locomotive entered service in February 2004. All 170 units were operational by June 2005.

Due to its relatively low power the locomotives work in multiple on heavy freight trains.

Equipment variations 
Sets of the class vary in the type of equipment they carry:

See also
NS Class 6400 similar concept diesel electric freight locomotives built by MaK/Siemens between 1988 and 1995 for the railways of the Netherlands.

References

External links

 Images: SNCB série 77, www.rail.lu
 Images: Belgian freight diesel class 77, www.railfaneurope.net

NMBS SNCB Class 77
Diesel locomotives of Belgium
B-B locomotives
Vossloh locomotives
MaK locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1999
Standard gauge locomotives of Belgium
Diesel–hydraulic locomotives
Freight locomotives
Shunting locomotives
Kobelco Construction Machinery America. Kobelco Construction Machinery America, LLC. is a manufacturer of excavators based in Houston, Texas, United States, with a manufacturing plant in Moore, South Carolina and is a subsidiary of Kobe Steel. A former global sales alliance between Kobe Steel and CNH Global ended in December 2012.

References

External links
 http://kobelco-usa.com/

Construction equipment manufacturers of the United States
Manufacturing companies based in Houston
John Tyndall Award. The John Tyndall Award is given to the "individual who has made pioneering, highly significant, or continuing technical or leadership contributions to fiber optics technology". The award is named after John Tyndall (1820-1893), who demonstrated for the first time internal reflection.

This award is sponsored and presented by both the IEEE Photonics Society (formerly called IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society) and The Optical Society (OSA).

Recipients of this award will receive a special crystal sculpture that represents the concept of total internal reflection (endowed by Corning, Inc.), a scroll, and an honorarium.

Recipients 
Following people received the John Tyndall Award:

 2024 David Richardson
 2023 Ming-Jun Li
 2022 Meint Smit
 2021 Michal Lipson
 2020: Roel Baets
 2019: Kim Roberts
 2018: Peter J. Winzer
 2017: 
 2016: Alan H. Gnauck
 2015: 
 2014: Kazuro Kikuchi
 2013: James J. Coleman
 2012: John E. Bowers
 2011: David F. Welch
 2010: C. Randy Giles
 2009: Joe C. Campbell
 2008: Robert W. Tkach
 2007: Emmanuel Desurvire
 2006: 
 2005: 
 2004: Larry A. Coldren
 2003: Andrew Chraplyvy
 2002: Neal S. Bergano
 2001: Tatsuo Izawa
 2000: Stewart Personick
 1999: John B. MacChesney
 1998: 
 1997: 
 1996: Kenneth O. Hill
 1995: Tingye Li
 1994: 
 1993: Yasuharu Suematsu
 1992: Donald B. Keck
 1991: David N. Payne
 1990: Thomas G. Giallorenzi
 1989: Stewart E. Miller
 1988: Michael K. Barnoski
 1987: Robert D. Maurer

See also

 List of engineering awards
 List of physics awards

References 

Engineering awards
John Tyndall Award
Awards of Optica (society)