omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
LCM. LCM may refer to:

Computing and mathematics
 Latent class model, a concept in statistics
 Least common multiple, a function of two integers
 Living Computer Museum
 Life cycle management, management of software applications in virtual machines or in containers
 Logical Computing Machine, another name for a Turing machine

Schools
 Leeds College of Music, a music conservatoire in Leeds, England
 London College of Music, a music conservatoire in London, England

Transportation
 Landing craft mechanized, a U.S. Navy hull classification symbol
 Laboratory Cabin Module, on the Chinese space station

Other uses
 Lymphocytic choriomeningitis, a viral infection carried by rodents
 Laser capture microdissection, use of a laser through a microscope to isolate and extract cells
 Liquid-crystal module, a liquid-crystal display module
 Lower of cost or market, a value
 Land change modeling, an analytical field of geography
 Liverpool Classical Monthly, an academic journal on classical antiquity
 London Canal Museum, a canal museum in London, England
 London City Mission, in Hoxton, east London, England
 Letalski center Maribor, a Slovenian flying club
 League of Communists of Montenegro, the ruling party of the Socialist Republic of Montenegro

See also
 Lifecycle management
Jane Long (climatologist). Jane C. S. Long is an American energy and climate scientist. She was Associate Director at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Life 
Long received her bachelor's degree in biomedical engineering from the Brown University School of Engineering and her master's and doctorate from the University of California, Berkeley.

From 1997 to 2003 Long served as the dean of the Mackay School of Earth Sciences and Engineering at the University of Nevada, Reno.

Long is a senior fellow at the California Council on Science and Technology.

Works

References

Living people
American climatologists
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory staff
Brown University School of Engineering alumni
University of California, Berkeley alumni
University of Nevada, Reno faculty
Year of birth missing (living people)
Ravelin. A ravelin is a triangular fortification or detached outwork, located in front of the innerworks of a fortress (the curtain walls and bastions). Originally called a demi-lune, after the lunette, the ravelin is placed outside a castle and opposite a fortification curtain wall.

The ravelin is the oldest and at the same time the most important outer work of the bastion fortification system. It originated from small forts that were supposed to cover the bridge that led across the moat to the city or fortress gate from a direct attack. From this original function, to protect the gate bridge, also comes its original Italian name "rivellino" (which means small bank work or with the German expression common for it: Brückenkopf –  "bridge head"). Therefore, the ravelin was at first only a small work, which should only make the access to the bridge in front of the fortress gates more difficult. 
When it was realized in the 16th century that this would generally provide better protection for the courtine, ravelins were also built in front of other courtines and these were gradually enlarged. However, it was not until the German fortress builder Daniel Specklin (1536–1589) recognized the principal importance of ravelins (which he still called "ledige Wehr" or "revelin"). He demanded that they be made as large as possible so that they fully covered the courtine and the flanks of the bastions and could place a flanking fire in front of the bastion tops. In the following period, ravelins can be found in practically all fortresses built according to the bastion fortification system. 

The outer edges of the ravelin are so configured that it divides an assault force, and guns in the ravelin can fire upon the attacking troops as they approach the curtain wall. It also impedes besiegers from using their artillery to batter a breach in the curtain wall. The side of the ravelin facing the inner fortifications has at best a low wall, if any, so as not to shelter attacking forces if they have overwhelmed it or the defenders have abandoned it. Frequently ravelins have a ramp or stairs on the curtain-wall side to facilitate the movement of troops and artillery onto the ravelin.

The first example of a ravelin appears in the fortifications of the Italian town of Sarzanello, and dates from 1497. The first ravelins were built of brick, but later, during the sixteenth century in the Netherlands, they were earthen (perhaps faced by stone or brick), the better to absorb the impact of cannonballs. The Italian origins of the system of fortifications (the star forts) of which ravelins were a part gave rise to the term trace Italienne. 

The French 17th-century military engineer Vauban made great use of ravelins in his design of fortifications for Louis XIV, and his ideas were still being used in 1761 by Major William Green at Gibraltar.

Gallery

See also
 List of established military terms#Engineering
 Raveleijn (Efteling)

References

Fortification (architectural elements)
Robert Bowie Owens. Robert Bowie Owens (October 29, 1870 – November 3, 1940) was a U.S. electrical engineer. He was the director of the Maryland Academy of Science. He was secretary of Franklin Institute from 1910 to 1924. He is credited as a discoverer of the alpha ray.

Biography
He was born October 29, 1870. Owens was a graduate of the Industrial College of Johns Hopkins University and Columbia University.

On August 19, 1891 he was employed as an adjunct professor in electrical engineering in the newly formed school of Electrical Engineering at the University of Nebraska. After seven years of service he left the now-department in shape comparable to other universities of the time, in August 1898, Owens took a position as MacDonald Chair of Electrical Engineering at McGill University in Montreal.

During his time at Nebraska, Owens was involved in forming The Society of Electrical Engineers of the University of Nebraska in 1893, the body which is known today as the IEEE.

Owens served as an officer in World War I, alongside General John J. Pershing.

He died on November 3, 1940.

References

External links
 History of the Electrical Engineering Department, University of Nebraska

External links

1870 births
1940 deaths
American electrical engineers
United States Army personnel of World War I
Johns Hopkins University alumni
Columbia University alumni
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Discoverers of chemical elements
Emitter. Emitter may refer to:


Devices which emit charged particles
Cathode, or negative electrode, in a vacuum tube or diode
Anode, or positive electrode, in certain applications based on the emission of ions from a solid surface
One of the three terminals of a bipolar transistor

Devices which emit electromagnetic radiation
Lambertian emitter, a light source whose radiance varies with angle according to Lambert's cosine law
An infrared LED used to emulate a remote control

Other uses
A device used in drip irrigation
A compiler's code generator

See also
Emission (disambiguation)
Emiter
Disc filter. A disc filter is a type of water filter used primarily in irrigation, similar to a screen filter, except that the filter cartridge is made of a number of plastic discs stacked on top of each other like a pile of poker chips.  Each disc is covered with small grooves or bumps.  The discs (or rings) each have a hole in the middle, forming a hollow cylinder in the middle of the stack. The water passes through the small passages in between and the impurities are trapped behind.
  
The filtration quality is based on the quantity and size of particles that the filtering element is able to retain.  Higher quality filtration simply means cleaner water.  This depends on the geometry of the channels, including the size, length, angle, and number of generated intersection points.  The discs are typically color coded to denote the level of filtration.  Filtration quality is usually measured in microns, based on the smallest size particle filtered.  The typical range is from 25 microns for the finest level of filtration to 400 microns for the coarsest.  Sometimes the filtration quality is given as the equivalent mesh size of a comparable screen filter.  Typical mesh sizes range from 40 to 600.  When using mesh sizes, 40 is the coarsest and 600 is the finest or highest level of filtration.

Disc filters range in size from small units with a 3/4" inlet and outlet used for landscape drip irrigation systems to very large banks of multiple filters manifolded together used for filtering large volumes of water for agricultural and industrial applications.

Some disc filters, especially the smaller ones, must be taken apart and cleaned by hand.  Many of the larger ones can be backflushed in such a way that the discs are able to separate and spin during the cleaning cycle. In some cases, a booster pump may be required for backflushing.  Disc filters can be used for many types of contaminants, including fine sand and organic matter.  However, when used to filter organic matter, they will clog more quickly than a media filter and will have to be cleaned more often.  One advantage that the disc filter has over the media filter is that it can backflush more quickly with less flush water.

Disc filters used in agricultural irrigation are covered by the ISO 9912-2 standard.

History 
The disc filter was originally developed in 1936 to filter hydraulic fluid in the B-17 bomber.  In these filters, the discs were made of stainless steel and brass. In the 1960s, this type of filter began to be used in Israel to filter irrigation water.

References

Water filters
Irrigation
Paul Ambrose Oliver. Paul Ambrose Oliver (July 18, 1831 – May 17, 1912) was an American explosives inventor, American Civil War Union Army captain and staff officer who was appointed to the brevet grade of brigadier general and Medal of Honor recipient. He was born on the ship Louisiana, his father's merchant ship, during one of its voyages in the English Channel. Before the Civil War, he worked as a shipping merchant.

In January 1862, Oliver joined the 12th New York Volunteer Infantry as a second lieutenant. During the war, he served as an aide to no fewer than four generals, including Daniel Butterfield, George Meade, Joseph Hooker and Gouverneur K. Warren. While he accepted a promotion to captain in April 1864, he declined further promotions. On March 8, 1865, President Abraham Lincoln nominated Oliver for appointment as a brevet brigadier general to rank from March 8, 1865, and the U.S. Senate confirmed the appointment on March 10, 1865. Oliver resigned his commission on May 6, 1865.

Oliver was an inventor and powder manufacturer after the Civil War.  He was also a companion of the Pennsylvania Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States.

Paul Ambrose Oliver died May 17, 1912, at Laurel Run, Pennsylvania. He was buried at Green-Wood Cemetery, Brooklyn, New York.

Medal of Honor citation
Rank and organization: Captain, Company D, 12th New York Infantry. Place and date: Resaca, Ga., 15 May 1864. Entered service at: New York, N.Y. Born: 18 July 1831, at sea in the English Channel. Date of issue: 12 October 1892.

While acting as aide assisted in preventing a disaster caused by Union troops firing into each other.

See also
List of American Civil War brevet generals (Union)

Notes

References
 Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher, Civil War High Commands. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. .

External links
 Biography
 1893 Biographical Sketch
 

1831 births
1912 deaths
American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
Union army officers
HMS Tracker (D24). HMS Tracker (BACV-6/D24) was an  that was built in the United States, but served in the Royal Navy during World War II.

Design and description

All the ships had a complement of 646 men and an overall length of , a beam of  and a draught of . Propulsion was provided by two boilers connected to a steam turbine,  which drove one shaft giving . This arrangement could propel the ship at .

Aircraft facilities were a small combined bridge/flight control on the starboard side, two aircraft lifts , one aircraft catapult and nine arrestor wires. Aircraft could be housed in the  hangar below the flight deck. Armament comprised: two 4"/50, 5"/38 or 5"/51 Dual Purpose guns in single mounts, sixteen 40 mm Bofors anti-aircraft guns in twin mounts and twenty 20 mm Oerlikon anti-aircraft cannons in single mounts. The ships had a maximum aircraft capacity of twenty-four which could be a mixture of Grumman Martlets, Vought F4U Corsairs or Hawker Sea Hurricane fighter aircraft and Fairey Swordfish or Grumman Avenger anti-submarine torpedo bombers.

History
Tracker was laid down 3 November 1941, under a Maritime Commission (MARCOM) contract, MC hull 233, by Seattle-Tacoma Shipbuilding in Tacoma, Washington. She was originally intended to be the 2nd replacement merchant ship Mormacmail for Moore-McCormack Lines, Inc., however, before completion, the vessel was purchased by the US Navy. In 1942, she was given the designation BACV-6 and converted into an escort carrier at Willamette Iron & Steel, Portland, Oregon. She was launched on 7 March 1942, and commissioned 31 January 1943; she was transferred to the Royal Navy and renamed HMS Tracker.

Tracker served as an escort during 1943–1944, for North Atlantic and Arctic convoys. She originally carried Swordfish torpedo-bombers and Seafire fighters of 816 Naval Air Squadron; in January 1944, switching to the Grumman Avengers and Grumman Wildcats of 846 Naval Air Squadron. In April 1944, her aircraft, together with those from  were responsible for the sinking of the German U-boat  east of Bear Island, during convoy JW 58.

On 10 June 1944, while part of the antisubmarine screen of the Western Approaches Command for the D-Day landings, she collided with a  of the Royal Canadian Navy, , causing damage to both ships. HMS Tracker continued operations despite stove-in bows until 12 June 1944. Thereafter, she was repaired and partially refitted in Liverpool, until 7 September 1944. On 8 December 1944, the ship sailed to the US to be used as an aircraft transport, and spent the remainder of the war ferrying aircraft and personnel in the Pacific.

In August 1945, she made a final trip to the UK, being returned to the US Navy in November 1945. She was sold in November 1946, and entered service as the merchant ship Corrientes, based in Argentina. She was scrapped in 1964.

Battle honours
1943 - 44 Atlantic
1944 Arctic
1944 Normandy

Notes

References

External links

Type C3-S-A1 ships of the Royal Navy
Ships built in Tacoma, Washington
1942 ships
Attacker-class escort carriers
World War II aircraft carriers of the United Kingdom
Replicator. Replicator may refer to:

Science
 Replicator (evolution unit), the theoretical basic unit of evolution in the gene-centered view of evolution
 Replicator (self-replication), a component that facilitates self-replication
 DNA replication, the process of producing two identical copies from one original DNA molecule
 Replicator (nanotechnology), a device to precisely position molecules to guide chemical reactions
 Clanking replicator, an artificial self-replicating system that relies on conventional large-scale technology and automation
 Replicator equation, a deterministic monotone non-linear and non-innovative game dynamic used in evolutionary game theory
 Replicator (cellular automaton), a pattern

In military use 

 Replicator (United States military), a program created to build weapons and gear faster and more cheaply than typical

In culture
 Replicator (Stargate), a fictional species in the Stargate universe
 Replicator (Star Trek), a fictional technology in the Star Trek universe
 Replicator (band), a noise rock band from Oakland, California

See also
 Replication (disambiguation)
Frank B. Zoltowski. Frank B. Zoltowski (born 1957) is an Australian amateur astronomer and prolific discoverer of minor planets who lives in Woomera, South Australia. In 1998, he was awarded a "Gene Shoemaker NEO Grant" for improved near-Earth object searches.

Zoltowski conducts these searches from his home with a charge-coupled device camera. He is a prolific discoverer of asteroids. He authored CCDTRACK, a computer program that auto-guides electronically controlled telescopes by tracking a user-selected celestial object.

He is mentioned in NASA's asteroid tracking database as an observer for asteroid . Astronomers at the Minor Planet Center used Zoltowski's work to work out an estimated approach distance for  of 56,500 kilometers, and a closest approach date of Aug 7, 2027. It was thought to potentially crash into Earth.

The main-belt asteroid 18292 Zoltowski, discovered at the George R. Agassiz Station of the Harvard College Observatory in 1977, was named in his honor. The naming citation was published on 9 May 2001 ().

List of discovered minor planets 

Frank Zoltowski is credited by the Minor Planet Center for the discovery of 228 numbered minor planets between 1997 and 2003.

See also 
 List of minor planet discoverers

References

External links 
 CCDTrack Software website, Author F. B. Zoltowski

1957 births
20th-century Australian astronomers
21st-century Australian astronomers
Discoverers of asteroids

Living people
Nonane. Nonane is a linear alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C9H20. It is a colorless, flammable liquid, occurring primarily in the component of the petroleum distillate fraction commonly called kerosene, which is used as a heating, tractor, and jet fuel. Nonane is also used as a solvent, distillation chaser, fuel additive, and a component in biodegradable detergents. It is also a minor component of diesel fuel. 

Nonane has 35 structural isomers.  

Its substituent form is nonyl. Its cycloalkane counterpart is cyclononane, (C9H18).

Unlike most alkanes, the numeric prefix in its name is from Latin, not Greek. (A name using a Greek prefix would be  enneane.)

Combustion reactions
Nonane undergoes combustion reactions that are similar to other alkanes. In the presence of sufficient oxygen, nonane burns to form water and carbon dioxide.

C9H20 + 14O2 → 9CO2 + 10H2O

When insufficient oxygen is available for complete combustion, the burning products include carbon monoxide.

2C9H20 + 19O2 → 18CO + 20H2O

See also
Higher alkanes
List of isomers of nonane

References

External links

MSDS at Oxford University
List of isomers of nonane

Alkanes
Jim Gettys. Jim Gettys (born 15 October 1953) is an American computer programmer.

Activity 
Gettys worked at DEC's Cambridge Research Laboratory.

He is one of the original developers of the X Window System at MIT and worked on it again with X.Org, where he served on the board of directors.

Until January 2009, he was the Vice President of Software at the One Laptop per Child project, working on the software for the OLPC XO-1.

From 2009 through 2014, he worked at Alcatel-Lucent Bell Labs.

Gettys was the co-founder of the group investigating bufferbloat and the effect it has on the performance of the Internet. He was a core member of the group from 2010 to 2017, concluding with his publication of "The Blind Man and the Elephant", calling for the wide adoption of fair queuing and active queue management techniques across the Internet, particularly RFC8290.

He served on the GNOME foundation board of directors.

He worked at the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and was the editor of the HTTP/1.1 specification in the Internet Engineering Task Force through draft standard.

Gettys helped establish the handhelds.org community, from which the development of Linux on handheld devices can be traced.

One of his main goals at OLPC was to review and overhaul much of standard Linux software, in order to make it run faster and consume less memory and power. In this context, he has pointed out a common fallacy among programmers today: that storing computed values in memory is preferable to recomputing those values later. This, he claims, is often false on current hardware, given fast CPUs and the long time it takes to recover from a potential cache miss.

He holds a BSc degree from MIT in Earth and Planetary Sciences (course 12 — EAPS).

Awards 
He won the 1997 Internet Plumber of the Year award on behalf of the group who worked on HTTP/1.1.

Gettys is one of the keepers of the Flame (USENIX's 1999 Lifetime Achievement Award) on behalf of The X Window System Community at Large.

References

External links
Jim Gettys' home page at Handhelds.org
jg's ramblings (Gettys' blog where bufferbloat was first exposed)
bufferbloat.net where work on bufferbloat is taking place
The X Window System, Version 11  (November, 1990)
The (Re)Architecture of the X Window System (July, 2004)
Network Performance Effects of HTTP/1.1, CSS1, and PNG (June 1997)

Living people
Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science alumni
Free software programmers
X Window System people
American computer programmers
Hewlett-Packard people
Linux people
1953 births
Keith Packard. Keith Packard (born April 16, 1963) is a software developer, best known for his work on the X Window System.

Packard is responsible for many X extensions and technical papers on X. He has been heavily involved in the development of X since the late 1980s as a member of the MIT X Consortium, XFree86 and the X.Org Foundation.

In 2011, O'Reilly awarded an open source award to Packard, as "the person behind most of the improvements made on the open source desktop in the last ten years at least." He is portrayed as one of the Faces of Open Source.

Career 

Packard gained a BA in mathematics from Reed College, Oregon in 1986. He worked at Tektronix, Inc. in Wilsonville, Oregon designing X terminals and Unix workstations from 1983 until 1988.

He then moved to Cambridge, Massachusetts to work at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology X Consortium from 1988 to 1992, developing the X Window System reference implementation and standards as the senior member of a small team. He was responsible for X releases at this time. In 1992 he returned to Portland, Oregon to work for Network Computing Devices on X terminals and computer graphics. From 1999 he worked for SuSE from his home in Portland, Oregon on the XFree86 implementation of X. He worked at the Cambridge Research Labs of Compaq (and then Hewlett-Packard) from 2001 until 2005 when the lab closed down. In 2003 he was ejected from XFree86.  This led to the formation of the successful X.Org Server fork.  He is now project lead on the X.org project, the official reference implementation of the X Window System.

Packard became a Debian Developer in 2004, maintaining font-config (as well as being the upstream maintainer) and other packages. Packard began working for Intel in August 2006. Packard joined Debian's Technical committee in November 2013. Packard started working at Hewlett-Packard's HP Labs in January 2015. Packard started consulting for Valve in March 2017. Packard left HP Labs to join SiFive in July 2019, working on free software for RISC-V-based processors, among other tasks. Packard joined Amazon in May 2021.

Other interests
Keith is a radio ham with callsign K7WQ. He is on the board of directors of Amateur Radio Digital Communications (ARDC).

Software Packard has worked on 

 Cairo
 X Window System extensions: XRender, XFixes, XDamage, XComposite, XRandR
 KDrive
 font-config, Xft
 Nickle
 XDM
 Direct Rendering Infrastructure
 Snek
 USB Chaos-Key driver in the Linux kernel

References

External links 
 Personal site
 
 Director of ARDC

X Window System people
Reed College alumni
Free software programmers
People from Portland, Oregon
1963 births
Living people
Tektronix people