omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
The Firebird Rocket. The Firebird Rocket is Volume 57 in the Hardy Boys series of mystery books for children and teens published by Grosset & Dunlap. The book was written for the Stratemeyer Syndicate by Vincent Buranelli in 1978.

Plot summary
The Hardy Boys help their detective father, Fenton Hardy, search for a famous rocket scientist whose disappearance endangers the launching of the Firebird rocket from the Woomera Test Range. They are threatened multiple times, but still do not give up with their lives at risk. Frank and Joe Hardy aid their father and others. However, they soon learn that they are working for a criminal. While they are captured, the police arrive and rescue them, arresting the criminals except for the true mastermind who tries to flee. However, Frank and Joe stop the truck he uses and he is captured.

See also
List of Hardy Boys books

References

The Hardy Boys books
1978 American novels
1978 children's books
Grosset & Dunlap books
Novels set in Australia
Children's books set in South Australia
Bertrand Serlet. Bertrand Serlet (; born 1960) is a French software engineer and businessman; he worked first at the Institut national de recherche en informatique et en automatique (INRIA) before leaving France for the United States in 1985. He was the Senior Vice President of Software Engineering at Apple Inc.

Education 
Serlet graduated from École normale supérieure Paris-Saclay. He holds a PhD in Computer Science from the Université Paris-Sud 11.

Career 
Serlet was the former Senior Vice President of Software Engineering at Apple Inc., where he worked from 1997 to 2011. He succeeded Avie Tevanian in the position in July 2003. In this position he was primarily responsible for the release of Mac OS X (including 10.4 Tiger, 10.5 Leopard and 10.6 Snow Leopard). He led development of the Workspace manager in NeXTSTEP and OPENSTEP.

Before joining Apple he worked at Xerox PARC and NeXT.

In 2001, Serlet and Tevanian initiated a secret project at the request of Steve Jobs, to sell MacOS on Vaio laptops. Apple demonstrated the product to Sony executives at a golf party in Hawaii, with the most expensive Vaio they could acquire. Sony refused, arguing Vaio's sales had just started to grow after years of difficulties.

Serlet spoke at WWDC 2006 on the perceived similarities between Mac OS X Tiger and Windows Vista, including comparing Apple's Aqua interface and Microsoft's Aero interface. He poked fun at the apparent visual similarities and referenced a 2004 WWDC banner that read, "Redmond, start your photocopiers" — a reference to Microsoft headquarters, which is located in Redmond, Washington. He also spoke at WWDC 2009 and gave an in-depth demonstration of Snow Leopard, which included further references to Microsoft's Windows operating system — claiming that Windows 7 is just another version of their widely criticized Vista release, citing the ongoing use of the Windows Registry, DLLs, the User Account Control (UAC) subsystem and existence of an interactive disk defragmenter.

On March 23, 2011, Apple announced that Serlet was leaving the company "to focus less on products and more on science."

Business Insider reported Serlet had founded a startup in cloud computing called Upthere along with other former Apple employees. In November, 2012, Upthere raised an undisclosed amount of venture capital funding from Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, Elevation Partners, and Google Ventures. Upthere was acquired by Western Digital on August 28, 2017.

In July 2012 he joined the board of directors of Parallels, Inc.

In 2015, he co-founded data center technology company Fungible with former Juniper Networks' CEO Pradeep Sindhu.

In an interview with INRIA, he shared details about Grokable, a small stealth startup he is working on. According to Serlet, Grokable is "a purely scientific and highly innovative project that involves imitating animal intelligence."

References

External links
 

1961 births
Living people
Apple Inc. employees
Apple Inc. executives
Paris-Sud University alumni
Scientists at PARC (company)
Electrochemical scanning tunneling microscope. The electrochemical scanning tunneling microscope (EC-STM) is a scanning tunneling microscope that measures the structures of surfaces and electrochemical reactions in solid-liquid interfaces at atomic or molecular scales.

Development 
Electrochemical reactions occur in electrolytic solutions—for example electroplating, etching, batteries, and so on. On the electrode surface, many atoms, molecules, and ions adsorb and affect the reactions.  In the past, in order to obtain information about the structure of electrode surfaces and reactions, the sample electrode was taken out of the electrolytic solution and measured under ultra high vacuum (UHV) conditions.  In this case, the structure of the surface changed and could not be observed precisely. By using this microscope, however, these problems are resolved.

Operation
In electrolytic solutions, a complicated electrical double layer of H2O molecules and anions is formed. In this layer, as the distribution of anions changes with the potential of the electrode, it is necessary to control the reaction on the electrode. The potentials of the working electrodes (the sample and the tip) are controlled independently against a reference electrode. In this case, the tunneling bias voltage is the difference between the two potentials. A counter electrode is used to complete the current-carrying circuits with the working electrodes. By using these four electrodes, the electrochemical reaction is controlled precisely by the external voltage, and the surface in liquid can be observed.

References

Scanning probe microscopy
Gordon Eubanks. Gordon Edwin Eubanks, Jr. (born November 7, 1946) is an American microcomputer industry pioneer who worked with Gary Kildall in the early days of Digital Research (DRI).

Eubanks attended Oklahoma State University, where he was involved as a member of Pi Kappa Alpha fraternity. Kildall was his graduate thesis advisor at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California. Eubank's 1976 master's thesis was a BASIC language compiler called BASIC-E designed for Kildall's new CP/M operating system. Over the next year and a half, Eubanks wrote the popular CBASIC compiler for IMSAI while he was still a naval officer. Friends of Eubanks say he called it "CBASIC" because he wrote it while serving on a submarine (at sea). Other people say the name CBASIC referred to "commercial" basic, because it incorporated BCD mathematics which eliminated MBASIC's rounding errors that were sometimes troublesome for accounting.

In 1981, after Microsoft moved from programming languages into operating systems, Digital Research improved its position in programming languages by acquiring Eubanks's company, Compiler Systems. Eubanks went to work at DRI, but he soon came to doubt the company's long-term prospects. In 1984, Eubanks joined Symantec and from 1984 to 1986 he helped develop Q & A, an integrated database and wordprocessor with natural language query. He went on to become president and CEO of Symantec, guiding it into the software utility and anti-virus business.

He left in 1999 to become president and CEO of Oblix, a Silicon Valley company producing software for web security. Oblix was acquired by Oracle in March 2005. Eubanks is a director of Concur and joined the board of directors of Oakley Networks in February 2006.

Eubanks is a stamp collector. A specialist of the first stamps issued nationally in the United States between 1847 and 1861. For two collections he exhibited, he won the American Philatelic Society's title of "champion of champions" in 2012 and 2014.

Eubanks is married to Ronda Eubanks, and has a son, Keith, as of January 1995.

References

Further reading
   (33 pages)

External links
 Transcript of Gordon Eubanks oral history.
 Face to Face: Gordon Eubanks (ZDNet video)

1946 births
American computer programmers

Living people
Oklahoma State University alumni
Naval Postgraduate School alumni
Digital Research employees
Oracle employees
Gen Digital people
American philatelists
Red nucleus. The red nucleus or nucleus ruber is a structure in the rostral midbrain involved in motor coordination. The red nucleus is pale pink, which is believed to be due to the presence of iron in at least two different forms: hemoglobin and ferritin. The structure is located in the midbrain tegmentum next to the substantia nigra and comprises caudal magnocellular and rostral parvocellular components. The red nucleus and substantia nigra are subcortical centers of the extrapyramidal motor system.

Function
In a vertebrate without a significant corticospinal tract, gait is mainly controlled by the red nucleus. However, in primates, where the corticospinal tract is dominant, the rubrospinal tract may be regarded as vestigial in motor function. Therefore, the red nucleus is less important in primates than in many other mammals. Nevertheless, the crawling of babies is controlled by the red nucleus, as is arm swinging in typical walking. The red nucleus may play an additional role in controlling muscles of the shoulder and upper arm via projections of its magnocellular part. In humans, the red nucleus also has limited control over hands, as the rubrospinal tract is more involved in large muscle movement such as that for the arms (but not for the legs, as the tract terminates in the superior thoracic region of the spinal cord). Fine control of the fingers is not modified by the functioning of the red nucleus but relies on the corticospinal tract. The majority of red nucleus axons do not project to the spinal cord but, via its parvocellular part, relay information from the motor cortex to the cerebellum through the inferior olivary complex, an important relay center in the medulla.

Input and output
The red nucleus receives many inputs from the cerebellum (interposed nucleus and the lateral cerebellar nucleus) of the opposite side and an input from the motor cortex of the same side.

The red nucleus has two sets of efferents:

 In humans, the majority of the output goes to the bundle of fibers continues through the medial tegmental field toward the  inferior olive of the same side, to form part of a pathway that ultimately influence the cerebellum.
The other output (the rubrospinal projection) goes to the rhombencephalic reticular formation and spinal cord of the opposite side, making up the rubrospinal tract, which runs ventral to the lateral corticospinal tract. As stated earlier, the rubrospinal tract is more important in non-primate species: in primates, because of the well-developed cerebral cortex, the corticospinal tract has taken over the role of the rubrospinal.

See also
 List of regions in the human brain

Additional images

References

External links

 
 Diagram at uni-tuebingen.de

Midbrain
Brainstem nuclei
IKVM.NET. IKVM.NET is an implementation of Java for Mono and the Microsoft .NET Framework. IKVM is free software, distributed under the zlib permissive free software license.

Work started on IKVM early in 2000 to assist migration of a Java-based reporting package from Sumatra to Microsoft .NET. The original developer, Jeroen Frijters, discontinued work on IKVM in 2015. In 2018, Windward Studios forked IKVM.NET to continue development on the open-sourced IKVM. In 2022 Jerome Haltom and others picked up the work on a new GitHub organization and finished .NET Core support.

Components 
IKVM.NET includes the following components:
 A Java virtual machine (JVM) implemented in .NET
 A .NET implementation of the Java class libraries
 A tool that translates Java bytecode (JAR files) to .NET IL (DLLs or EXE files).
 Tools that enable Java and .NET interoperability

IKVM.NET can run compiled Java code (bytecode) directly on Microsoft .NET or Mono. The bytecode is converted on the fly to CIL and executed.

By contrast J# is a Java syntax on the .NET framework, whereas IKVM.NET is effectively a Java framework running on top of the .NET framework.

Jeroen Frijters was the main contributor to IKVM.NET. He is Technical Director of Sumatra Software, based in the Netherlands.

Name

The "IKVM" portion of the name is a play on "JVM" in which the author "just took the two letters adjacent to the J".

Status

IKVM 8 implements Java 8.

The IKVM organization also maintains IKVM.Maven.Sdk, an extension to the .NET PackageReference system that allows direct references to and transpiling of Maven artifacts. IKVM.Maven.Sdk is also available on NuGet.org.

See also

Free Java implementations
J#

References

External links

Java virtual machine
Mono (software)
Cross-platform free software
LNER Class O4. The London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) Class O4 initially consisted of the 131 ex-Great Central Railway (GCR) Class 8K 2-8-0 steam locomotives acquired on grouping in 1923. The engines were designed by John G. Robinson and built at the GCR's Gorton Locomotive Works, Manchester.

O4 History post 1923

The O4s were added to when the LNER purchased 273 ex-Railway Operating Division ROD 2-8-0s to the same design between 1923 and 1927. Meanwhile, the 19 GCR Class 8M (LNER Class O5) were rebuilt as O4 standard during the 1920s and 1930s.  92 O4 locomotives were requisitioned by the War Department during World War II and shipped during late 1941 for operation in the Middle East.

The O4 class were used to haul heavy freight trains throughout the LNER system. 329 engines remained in operation at 1 January 1948.

Sub-classes
The LNER rebuilt many, allotting them into eight subclasses.
Sub-class details:
 O4/1, Introduced 1911. Robinson GCR design with small boiler, Belpaire firebox, steam and vacuum brakes and water scoop.
 O4/2, Introduced 1925. O4/3 with cabs and boiler mountings reduced.
 O4/3, Introduced 1917. ROD locos with steam brake only and no water scoop.
 O4/4, Rebuilt with O2 boiler, extended rear frames and side window cab, since rebuilt again.
 O4/5, Rebuilt with shortened O2-type boiler (Diagram 15A). Retained GCR style cab
 O4/6, Introduced 1924. Rebuilt from O5 retaining higher cab. 63914-20 with side windows. All cabs eventually reduced in height.
 O4/7, Introduced 1939. Rebuilt with shortened O2-type boiler (Diagram 15D), retaining GCR smokebox.
 O4/8, Introduced 1944. Rebuilt with B1 boiler (Diagram 100A) and B1 style side window cab.

In 1944, 58 O4s were rebuilt with 100A boiler, Walschaerts valve gear and new cylinders at Gorton Works, then classified O1.

British Railways

The surviving 329 Class O4 locomotives passed to British Railways (BR) on 1 January 1948. They were then widely operated on freight trains throughout the Eastern and North Eastern regions of BR. The locomotives were given BR numbers in the range 63570-63920 but this range included 58 locomotives which had been rebuilt as Class O1. Withdrawal of O4 engines by BR commenced in 1959 and the last was taken out of service in the Doncaster area in April 1966.

Preservation 

An O4/1, GCR No. 102, BR No. 63601, is part of the extensive National Collection. Since 1996, this locomotive has been kept at the preserved Great Central Railway at Loughborough, Leicestershire. The locomotive was overhauled in the late 1990s and returned to working use in January 2000. A further three Robinson 2-8-0s were exported and survive in preservation in New South Wales, Australia.

References

Gallery

External links 

 LNER encyclopedia

2-8-0 locomotives
O4
1′D h2 locomotives
Railway Operating Division locomotives
Freight locomotives
Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain
Boehm garbage collector. The Boehm–Demers–Weiser garbage collector, often simply known as the Boehm GC or Boehm collector, is a conservative garbage collector for C and C++ developed by Hans Boehm, Alan Demers, and Mark Weiser.

Boehm GC is free software distributed under a permissive free software licence similar to the X11 license. The first paper introducing this collector appeared in 1992.

Design 

Hans Boehm describes the operation of the collector as follows:

Boehm GC can also run in leak detection mode in which memory management is still done manually, but the Boehm GC can check if it is done properly. In this way a programmer can find memory leaks and double deallocations.

Boehm GC is also distributed with a C string handling library called cords. This is similar to ropes in C++ (trees of constant small arrays), but instead of using reference counting for proper deallocation, it relies on garbage collection to free objects. Cords are good at handling very large texts, modifications to them in the middle, slicing, concatenating, and keeping history of changes (undo/redo functionality).

Operation 

The garbage collector works with most unmodified C programs, simply by replacing  with  calls, replacing  with  calls, and removing  calls. The code piece below shows how one can use Boehm instead of traditional malloc and free in C.
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <gc.h>

int main(void)
{
    int i;
    const int size = 10000000;

    GC_INIT();
    for (i = 0; i < size; ++i)
    {
        int **p = GC_MALLOC(sizeof *p);
        int *q = GC_MALLOC_ATOMIC(sizeof *q);

        assert(*p == 0);
        *p = GC_REALLOC(q, 2 * sizeof *p);
        if (i == size-1)
            printf("Heap size = %zu\n", GC_get_heap_size());
    }

    return 0;
}

For completeness, Boehm supports explicit deallocation via . All the substitution can be done using preprocessor macros.

Uses and ports 

The Boehm GC is used by many projects that are implemented in C or C++ like Inkscape, as well as by runtime environments for a number of other languages, including Crystal, the Codon high performance python compiler, the GNU Compiler for Java runtime environment, the Portable.NET project, Embeddable Common Lisp, GNU Guile,  the Mono implementation of the Microsoft .NET platform (also using precise compacting GC since version 2.8), GNUstep optionally, and libgc-d (a binding to libgc for the D programming language, used primarily in the MCI). It supports numerous operating systems, including many Unix variants (such as macOS) and Microsoft Windows, and provides a number of advanced features including incremental collection, parallel collection and a variety of finalizer semantics.

References

External links 

 
 
 
 Transparent Programmer-Directed Garbage Collection for C++, Hans-J. Boehm and Michael Spertus
 Dr. Dobbs The Boehm Collector for C and C++, Gene Michael Stover, March 01, 2003

Automatic memory management
C++ libraries
C (programming language) libraries
Memory management software
CO-OPN. The CO-OPN (Concurrent Object-Oriented Petri Nets) specification language is based on both algebraic specifications and algebraic Petri nets formalisms. The former formalism represent the data structures aspects, while the latter stands for the behavioral and concurrent aspects of systems. In order to deal with large specifications some structuring capabilities have been introduced. The object-oriented paradigm has been adopted, which means that a CO-OPN specification is a collection of objects which interact concurrently. Cooperation between the objects is achieved by means of a synchronization mechanism, i.e., each object event may request to be synchronized with some methods (parameterized events) of one or a group of partners by means of a synchronization expression.

A CO-OPN specification consists of a collection of two different modules: the abstract data type modules and the object modules. The abstract data type modules concern the data structure component of the specifications, and many sorted algebraic specifications are used when describing these modules. Furthermore, the object modules represent the concept of encapsulated entities that possess an internal state and provide the exterior with various services. For this second sort of modules, an algebraic net formalism has been adopted. Algebraic Petri nets, a kind of high level nets, are a great improvement over the Petri nets, i.e. Petri nets tokens are replaced with data structures which are described by means of algebraic abstract data types. For managing visibility, both abstract data type modules and object modules are composed of an interface (which allows some operations to be visible from the outside) and a body (which mainly encapsulates the operations properties and some operation which are used for building the model). In the case of the objects modules, the state
and the behavior of the objects remain concealed within the body section.

To develop models using  the CO-OPN language it is possible to use the COOPNBuilder framework that is an environment composed of a set of tools destinated to the support of concurrent software development based on the CO-OPN language.

References

External links
Software Modeling and Verification Group of the University of Geneva.

Specification languages
Petri nets
Lawrence D. Miles. Lawrence Delos Miles (April 21, 1904 Harvard, Nebraska – August 1, 1985) was an American engineer, and the creator of Value engineering. His parents were Delos Daniel Miles, Superintendent of Harvard School, and Vinetta Conkle Miles, an elementary school teacher.

Life and Work
1932-1938: Worked as a design engineer at General Electric (GE) under W .C. White, Manager of the Vacuum Tube Engineering Dept. During this six year periods, he earned twelve patents for his new designs of vacuum tubes and related circuits.

1938-1944: Transferred to GE's Purchasing Department, working under Harry Erlicher, VP Purchasing. Worked with vendors to obtain lower costs, then with change of emphasis to procure adequate quantities for the war effort.

1944-1947: Transferred to Locke Insulator, Baltimore, Maryland, a subsidiary of GE, as manager of Purchasing. Saw first-hand both the productive and destructive force of human attitudes and practices, and their effect on appropriate designs and appropriate costs.

Fall 1947: Returned to Schenectady, New York to Erlicher's staff and was placed under William Sredenscheck who gave him full support to produce an approach for GE to improve cost and productivity.

In December 1947, the basic Value Analysis Functional Approach was established.

1961 - Miles wrote the definitive book, Techniques of Value Analysis and Engineering, published by McGraw Hill and Co. It is now in its 3rd edition and is printed in twelve languages. He retired in 1964 and died in 1985. His wife, Eleanor R. Miles, survived him and continued to promote his work after his death.

2017 - Techniques of Value Analysis and Engineering has been released in a Kindle edition and is available on Amazon.com.

Laurence Delos Miles Value Foundation
The Miles Value Foundation was established in 1977 "to promote and fund the development of educational programs, new applications, and [to establish] a research library for the study of the Value Methodology".

References

People from Schenectady, New York
1904 births
1985 deaths
Engineers from New York (state)
20th-century American engineers