omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
IMM. IMM or imm may refer to:

In companies, institutions, and organizations
IMM Graduate School of Marketing, South Africa
 Industries Mécaniques Maghrébines, a Tunisian and Algerian manufacturer of Isuzu vehicles
 Institut für Mikrotechnik Mainz (Mainz Institute of Microtechnology)
 Institute of Molecular Medicine (disambiguation)
 Instituto de Medicina Molecular (University of Lisbon Institute of Molecular Medicine)
 Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, a former British research institution
 International Mercantile Marine Co., a shipping trust in the early twentieth century
 Institut for Marketing Management, at Zurich University of Applied Sciences/ZHAW

In events
 imm Cologne, international furniture trade fair

In places
 IMM (Singapore), shopping mall in Singapore

In  science and technology
 Inner mitochondrial membrane
 Immortal (MUD), an administrator or developer on a MUD
 Interacting multiple model (IMM), an estimator used in radar tracking
 Injection molding machine
 Integrated Management Module, an IBM remote system management technology

In other uses
 Indianmeal Moth (Plodia interpunctella)
 International Monetary Market, a unit of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange

Sustainable development
 Integrated Modification Methodology
Ametrine. Ametrine, also known as trystine or by its trade name as bolivianite, is a naturally occurring variety of quartz. It is a mixture of amethyst and citrine with zones of purple and yellow or orange.  Almost all commercially available ametrine is mined in Bolivia.

The colour of the zones visible within ametrine are due to differing oxidation states of iron within the crystal. The citrine segments have oxidized iron while the amethyst segments are unoxidized. The different oxidation states occur due to there being a temperature gradient across the crystal during its formation. Artificial ametrine is grown with the hydrothermal method using solutions doped with specific elements, followed by irradiation of the created crystals.

Ametrine in the low price segment may stem from synthetic material. Green-yellow or golden-blue ametrine does not exist naturally.

Structure 

Ametrine is composed of silicon dioxide (SiO2) and it is a tectosilicate, which means it has a silicate framework linked together through shared oxygen atoms.

History 
Legend has it that ametrine was first introduced to Europe by a conquistador's gifts to the Spanish Queen in the 1600s, after he received a mine in Bolivia as a dowry when he married a princess from the native Ayoreos tribe.

See also
 List of minerals

References

External links

Ametrine at the International Colored Gemstone Association
Ametrine: Mineral Information Page
Ametrine: Ametrine mineral information and data
Insider Gemologist: What Are the Identifying Characteristics of Citrine, Ametrine, Smoky Quartz, and Scapolite? 

Quartz gemstones
PMU. PMU may refer to:

Paracelsus Private Medical University of Salzburg
Periyar Maniammai University, in Tamil Nadu, India, now Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science & Technology
Permanent makeup
Phasor measurement unit, a measurement device in power systems to estimate magnitude and phase angle of time-varying electric signals
Police MRT Unit, Singapore Police Force
Pomeranian Medical University
Popular Mobilization Forces or Popular Mobilization Units, Iraqi state-sponsored umbrella organization of Shia-dominated militias
Power Management Unit, an integrated circuit on some computers that controls power-related features
Pump Me Up, type of kite used in kiteboarding/kitesurfing
Pregnant mare urine
Presbyterian Missionary Union
Prince Mohammad bin Fahd University
Progressive Muslim Union
Dilbert Dunker. The Dilbert Dunker is a device for training pilots on how to correctly escape a submerged plane. 

It was invented by Ensign Wilfred Kaneb, an aviation engineer at NAS Pensacola, in 1943–1944.

Originally named the "Underwater Cockpit Escape Device," the device was known since its earliest days as the "Dilbert Dunker" in reference to Dilbert Groundloop, a World War II-era cartoon character in Navy aviation training videos and posters who is incapable of doing things right. 

The original Dilbert Dunker combined the forward fuselage of an SNJ Texan—including "all equipment in the cockpit that would hinder a pilot’s exit" (instrument panel, stick, and pedals)—with a 45 degree rail that sends the cockpit from a high stand at the deep end of the training pool; at the end of the run under water it flips over to simulate a water ditching. The cockpit would hit the water at  before inverting. The preflight student must detach the communication wire from the helmet, release the seat and shoulder harness, dive still deeper and swim away from the "aircraft" at a 45-degree angle to the surface for the purpose of assuming that the water around an actual situation has burning fuel on the surface.

The Dunker was still in use as of 1997, and a helicopter-specific version remains in service , even though the original version has fallen out of service.

In popular culture
 The device was featured in the 1982 film An Officer and a Gentleman, starring Richard Gere and Debra Winger.

 The device is used as a test for astronauts in the novel The Calculating Stars by Mary Robinette Kowal.

See also
Index of aviation articles
Flight training

References

Flight training
Survival training
EcoDuro. EcoDuro, Inc. is a manufacturing, engineering and marketing company in Ann Arbor, Michigan that holds patents in the major industrial companies for its unique engineered paper pallets.  EcoDuro is a company that is focused on developing products for sustainable business practices.

EcoDuro's standard pallets weigh just 9 to 19 pounds, which us about 1/3 the weight of wood pallets that are historically used.  Lighter weight has advantages for reduced fuel consumption and reduced air and LTL (Less than Truck Load) shipping costs, as well as help with OSHA compliance. 

The EcoDuro and other paper pallets meet the IPPC regulations and are easily recycled and re-pulpable.

History

The Company was founded in 2001 with the name Excalibur Pallet Group and the patents for its engineered paper pallets issued in major industrial countries.  In 2004, the company was reformed with the name EcoDuro, Inc. with an investment from Endurance Ventures, LLC, an Ann Arbor Venture Capital Firm as its first cleantech investment.  Significant, is that it was one of the rare venture capital backed companies to be moved to Michigan as opposed to being moved from Michigan.

Originally, EcoDuro built its own manufacturing, but after the product was developed, changed its model to contract manufacturing using regional partners who already had paper honeycomb capabilities and expertise.

Manufacturing locations

Grand Rapids, Michigan

Partners

Honeycomb Products of Michigan, Manufacturing Partner
Endurance Ventures, LLC, Investment Partner
Clark Hill, Legal Counsel

Third-party testing

Michigan State University School of Packaging
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Customers

Amway
Consolidated Buscuit
GE Medical
Ocean Spray
Pfizer

External links
 

Companies based in Ann Arbor, Michigan
Companies established in 2001
Broadseam. Broadseam is a term particular to the making of a sail. The panels that make up the sections of a sail are cut with curves on the connecting edges or seams. This method adds a three dimensional shape to what would ordinarily be a flat triangular or quadrilateral piece of fabric. Since a sail is a type of airfoil, this method of sail making adds significantly to the amount of draft a sail can have.

References

Sailing rigs and rigging
Rudder ratio. Rudder ratio refers to a value that is monitored by the computerized flight control systems in modern aircraft. The ratio relates the  aircraft airspeed to the rudder deflection setting that is in effect at the time. As an aircraft accelerates, the deflection of the rudder needs to be reduced proportionately within the range of the rudder pedal depression by the pilot. This automatic reduction process is needed because if the rudder is fully deflected when the aircraft is in high-speed flight, it will cause the plane to sharply and violently yaw, or swing from side to side, leading to loss of control and rudder, tail and other damages, even causing the aircraft to crash.

See also
American Airlines Flight 587

References

Aerospace engineering
Engineering ratios
Hydrauliska Industri AB. Hydrauliska Industri AB (Hiab) is a Swedish manufacturer of loader cranes, demountable container handlers, forestry cranes, truck-mounted forklifts and tail lifts. The company is owned by the Cargotec Corporation.

History 

The name, Hiab, comes from the commonly used abbreviation of Hydrauliska Industri AB, a company founded in Hudiksvall, Sweden 1944 by Eric Sundin, a ski manufacturer who saw a way to utilize a truck's engine to power loader-cranes through the use of hydraulics. Hiab invented the world's first hydraulic truck-mounted crane in 1947. On the other side of the Bothnian Sea in Raisio, Finland about the same time, three brothers, Mikko, Mauno and Martti Terho developed a mechanical cable-operated interchangeable platform-loader (Cablelift) that utilised the truck's front winch, with which it was possible to use a variety of platform bodies. In 1949 they started Multilift to manufacture their innovative load handling equipment. 

 
The roots of today's Hiab Company lie in a series of acquisitions from 1977 onwards, when Partek Corporation embarked on a comprehensive diversification and internationalisation strategy. Founded in 1898, Partek Corporation was one of the oldest industrial companies in Finland, originally producing limestone and later a versatile range of materials for the construction industry. In 1977 Partek decided to expand into the engineering industry and thereby decrease its dependence on domestic construction when it first bought named Multilift. Eight years later, in 1985, the company bought Hiab with its forestry-crane subsidiary Jonsered. In 1988 they bought Loglift - as the name implies, also a forestry crane manufacturer.

During the late 1990s Partek strategically restructured itself into an engineering company, fully divesting its construction-materials activity and making several acquisitions in the load-handling equipment business.

The load-handling side of Partek expanded in 2000 with the acquisition of the Zeteco Group (including among others ZEPRO and WALTCO tail lifts). During the same year the truck-mounted forklift business was acquired, bringing today's MOFFETT and PRINCETON PIGGY BACK brands into the company.

KONE Corporation acquired Partek in 2002. In 2004 the load-handling functionality was renamed after its most valuable product brand, HIAB. On 1 June 2005 KONE Corporation demerged into new KONE and Cargotec Corporation (listed in Helsinki Stock Exchange). Cargotec consists of Hiab load-handling, Kalmar container-handling and MacGREGOR marine-cargo handling solutions.

See also
 Cargotec
 Grapple truck
 Loader crane

References 

Manufacturing companies of Finland
Construction equipment manufacturers of Sweden
Engineering companies of Finland
Crane manufacturers
Swedish brands
Companies based in Malmö
Teleogenesis. In the theory of cybernetics, teleogenesis (from the Greek teleos = 'purpose' and genesis = 'creation') is the creation of goal-creating processes.

According to Peter Corning:
"A cybernetic system is by definition a dynamic purposive system; it is 'designed' to pursue or maintain one or more goals or end-states".

Teleogenesis refers from an extension of classical cybernetics, as proposed by Norbert Wiener, Ashby and others in late 1950s.

See also
Homeostasis
Homeorhesis

References
Corning, Peter A. "Thermoeconomics: Beyond the second law" from: www.complexsystems.org

Cybernetics
Electroceramics. Electroceramics are a class of ceramic materials used primarily for their electrical properties.

While ceramics have traditionally been admired and used for their mechanical, thermal and chemical stability, their unique electrical, optical and magnetic properties have become of increasing importance in many key technologies including communications, energy conversion and storage, electronics and automation. Such materials are now classified under electroceramics, as distinguished from other functional ceramics such as advanced structural ceramics.

Historically, developments in the various subclasses of electroceramics have paralleled the growth of new technologies. Examples include: ferroelectrics - high dielectric capacitors, non-volatile memories; ferrites - data and information storage; solid electrolytes - energy storage and conversion; piezoelectrics - sonar; semiconducting oxides - environmental monitoring. Recent advances in these areas are described in the Journal of Electroceramics.

Dielectric ceramics
Dielectric materials used for construction of ceramic capacitors include: Lead Zirconate titanate (PZT), Barium titanate(BT), strontium titanate (ST), calcium titanate (CT), magnesium titanate (MT), calcium magnesium titanate (CMT), zinc titanate (ZT), lanthanum titanate (LT), and neodymium titanate (NT), barium zirconate (BZ), calcium zirconate (CZ), lead magnesium niobate (PMN), lead zinc niobate (PZN), lithium niobate (LN), barium stannate (BS), calcium stannate (CS), magnesium aluminium silicate, magnesium silicate, barium tantalate, titanium dioxide, niobium oxide, zirconia, silica, sapphire, beryllium oxide, and zirconium tin titanate

Some piezoelectric materials can be used as well; the EIA Class 2 dielectrics are based on mixtures rich on barium titanate. In turn, EIA Class 1 dielectrics contain little or no barium titanate.

Electronically conductive ceramics
Indium tin oxide (ITO), lanthanum-doped strontium titanate (SLT), yttrium-doped strontium titanate (SYT)

Fast ion conductor ceramics

Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC), lanthanum strontium gallate magnesite(LSGM), beta alumina, beta alumina

Piezoelectric and ferroelectric ceramics
Commercially used piezoceramic is primarily lead zirconate titanate (PZT). Barium titanate (BT), strontium titanate (ST), quartz, 
and others are also used.

See :Category:Piezoelectric materials.

Magnetic ceramics
Ferrites including iron(III) oxide and strontium carbonate display magnetic properties. Lanthanum strontium manganite exhibits colossal magnetoresistance.

See also 
 Ceramic
 Genoa Joint Laboratories
 Strontium titanate
 Barium titanate
 Lead zirconate titanate

References 
 The Electroceramics and Crystal Physics Group at MIT

Materials science
Ceramic materials
Condensed matter physics
Digital artifact. Digital artifact in information science, is any undesired or unintended alteration in data introduced in a digital process by an involved technique and/or technology.

Digital artifact can be of any content types including text, audio, video, image, animation or a combination.

Information science 
In information science, digital artifacts result from:
Hardware malfunction: In computer graphics, visual artifacts may be generated whenever a hardware component such as the processor, memory chip, cabling malfunctions, etc., corrupts data. Examples of malfunctions include physical damage, overheating, insufficient voltage and GPU overclocking. Common types of hardware artifacts are texture corruption and T-vertices in 3D graphics, and pixelization in MPEG compressed video.
Software malfunction: Artifacts may be caused by algorithm flaws such as decoding/encoding audio or video, or a poor pseudo-random number generator that would introduce artifacts distinguishable from the desired noise into statistical models.
Compression: Controlled amounts of unwanted information may be generated as a result of the use of lossy compression techniques. One example is the artifacts seen in JPEG and MPEG compression algorithms that produce compression artifacts.
Quantization: Digital imprecision generated in the process of converting analog information into digital space, is due to the limited granularity of digital numbering space. In computer graphics, quantization is seen as pixelation.
Aliasing: As a consequence of sampling or sample-rate conversion, energy from frequencies outside of the signal frequency band of interest are folded across multiples of the Nyquist frequency. This is typically mitigated by using an anti-aliasing filter.
 Filtering: The process of filtering a signal, such as using an anti-aliasing filter, causes undesired alterations to the signal due to imperfections in the frequency response magnitude and phase, and due to the time domain impulse response.
Rolling shutter, the line scanning of an object that is moving too fast for the image sensor to capture a unitary image.
Error diffusion: poorly-weighted kernel coefficients result in undesirable visual artifacts.

References

External links 
DPReview: Glossary: Artifacts

Anthropology
Archaeology
Information science
Error
Computer graphic artifacts
Digital photography
Hazcam. Hazcams (short for hazard avoidance cameras) are photographic cameras mounted on the front and rear of NASA's Spirit, Opportunity, Curiosity and  Perseverance rover missions to Mars and on the lower front portion of Chinese Yutu rover mission to the Moon.

Overview
The Curiosity rover's hazcams are sensitive to visible light and return black and white images of resolution 1024 × 1024 pixels. These images are used by the rovers' internal computer to autonomously navigate around hazards. Due to their positioning on both sides of the rovers, simultaneous images taken by either both front or both rear cameras can be used to produce a 3D map of the immediate surroundings.  As the cameras are fixed (i.e. can not move independently of the rover), they have a wide field of view (approximately 120° both horizontally and vertically) to allow a large amount of terrain to be visible.

They are considered engineering cameras since they were not designed to be used for scientific experiments.  The other set of engineering cameras on the rovers are the navcams.

The safe landing of the Mars Science Laboratory was initially confirmed using the vehicle's hazcams.

The Perseverance cameras are qualified to operate in temperatures at the poles of Mars and image correctly over a 100 °C (212 °F) temperature range.

See also

Astrionics
List of NASA cameras on spacecraft
Mars rover 
Navigation Camera (Navcam)
Panoramic Camera (Pancam)

References

External links

 
NASA page detailing the rovers' "senses" 
Mars Exploration Rover Technical Data

Mars Science Laboratory instruments
Mars Exploration Rover mission
Spacecraft instruments
Mars imagers
AMD Core Math Library. AMD Core Math Library (ACML) is an end-of-life software development library released by AMD, replaced by many open source libraries, including AMD libm 4.0. This library provides mathematical routines optimized for AMD processors. 

The successor to ACML is the AMD Optimizing CPU Libraries (AOCL), a set of mostly open source libraries compiled for AMD64 processors. It includes the open source BLIS, libFLAME, ScaLAPACK, FFTW, and AOCL-Sparse, plus the original closed-source AMD LibM, memcpy, and RNG.

Features
ACML consists of the following main components:
 A full implementation of Level 1, 2 and 3 Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms (BLAS), with optimizations for AMD Opteron processors.
 A full suite of Linear Algebra (LAPACK) routines.
 A comprehensive suite of Fast Fourier transform (FFTs) in single-, double-, single-complex and double-complex data types.
 Fast scalar, vector, and array math transcendental library routines
 Random Number Generators in both single- and double-precision

Supported platforms
AMD offers pre-compiled binaries for Linux, Solaris, and Windows available for download. Supported compilers include GNU Fortran, Intel Fortran Compiler, Microsoft Visual Studio, NAG, PathScale, PGI compiler, and Sun Studio.

License
ACML has a proprietary freeware license. The library is distributed in binary form free of charge, but cannot be freely redistributed.

See also
 GPUOpen - Open-source software suite for visual effects, HPC, and GPGPU
 Framewave - formerly the AMD Performance Library
 Open64 - AMD has an Open64 compiler distribution that can be used with ACML
 Math Kernel Library (MKL)

References

External links
Streaming Computing (User Guide)
Replacement: AMD Math Library (LibM), github

AMD software
Numerical libraries
RG-58. RG-58/U is a type of coaxial cable often used for low-power signal and RF connections. The cable has a characteristic impedance of either 50 or 52 Ω. "RG" was originally a unit indicator for bulk RF cable in the U.S. military's Joint Electronics Type Designation System. There are several versions covering the differences in core material (solid or braided wire) and shield (70% to 95% coverage).

The outside diameter of RG-58 is around 0.2 inches (5 mm). RG-58 weighs around 0.025 lb/ft (37 g/m), exhibits approximately 25 pF/ft (82 pF/m) capacitance and can tolerate a maximum of 300 V potential (1800 W).
Plain RG-58 cable has a solid center conductor.
The RG-58A/U features a flexible 7- or 19-strand center conductor.

Most two-way radio communication systems, such as marine, CB radio, amateur, police, fire, WLAN antennas etc., are designed to work with a 50 Ω cable.

RG-58 cable is often used as a generic carrier of signals in laboratories, combined with BNC connectors that are common on test and measurement equipment such as oscilloscopes.

RG-58 in versions RG-58A/U or RG-58C/U was once widely used in "thin" Ethernet (10BASE2), for which it provides a maximum segment length of 185 meters. However, it has been almost completely replaced by twisted-pair cabling such as Cat 5, Cat 6, and similar cables in data networking applications.

RG-58 cable can be used for moderately high frequencies. Its signal attenuation depends on the frequency, e.g. from 10.8 dB per 100 m (3.3 dB per 100 feet) at 50 MHz to 70.5 dB per 100 m (21.5 dB per 100 feet) at 1 GHz.

See also 
 RG-59—A similar cable but with an impedance of 75 Ω
 Coaxial cable
 BNC connector—common connector for RG-58 cables

References 

Signal cables
Transmission lines
Post-industrial economy. A post-industrial economy is a period of growth within an industrialized economy or nation in which the relative importance of manufacturing reduces and that of services, information, and research grows.

Such economies are often marked by a declining manufacturing sector, resulting in de-industrialization, and a large service sector as well as an increase in the amount of information technology, often leading to an "Information Age"; information, knowledge, and creativity are the new raw materials of such an economy. The industry aspect of a post-industrial economy is sent into less developed nations which manufacture what is needed at lower costs through outsourcing. This occurrence is typical of nations that industrialized in the past such as the United Kingdom (first industrialised nation), most of Western Europe and the United States.

See also 
 Post-industrial society
 Tertiary sector of the economy

References 

Economy
Economic systems
Economic globalization
Neoconservatism
Neoliberalism