omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
300B. In electronics, the 300B is a directly-heated power triode vacuum tube with a four-pin base, introduced in 1938 by Western Electric to amplify telephone signals. It measures  high and  wide, and the anode can dissipate 40 watts thermal. In the 1980s it began to be used increasingly by audiophiles in home audio equipment. The 300B has good linearity, low noise and good reliability; it is often used in single-ended triode (SET) audio amplifiers of about eight watts output. A push-pull pair can output 20 watts.

 manufacturers of 300B and other tubes of similar characteristics included EkspoPUL (Electro Harmonix brand), ELROG, Emission Labs - EML, JJ Electronic, KR Audio,  TJ FullMusic,  Hengyang Electronics (Psvane brand),  Linlai, Takatsuki Electric and Western Electric. Prices for new 300B tubes ranged from US$175 to $2,000 per matched pair.

Western Electric (tube manufacturer), a small, privately owned company in Rossville, Georgia resumed production of the original 300B in 2018 using the original, 1938 manufacturing standards on a modernized assembly line housed at the Rossville Works.

See also
List of vacuum tubes

References

http://www.aes.org/e-lib/browse.cfm?elib=6058
The 300B's history
300B data sheet

External links
 Stereophile: In Search of the Perfect 300B Tube
 Reviews of 300B tubes.

Vacuum tubes
EXIT chart. An extrinsic information transfer chart, commonly called an EXIT chart, is a technique to aid the construction of good iteratively-decoded error-correcting codes (in particular low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes and Turbo codes).

EXIT charts were developed by Stephan ten Brink, building on the concept of extrinsic information developed in the Turbo coding community.  An EXIT chart includes the response of elements of decoder (for example a convolutional decoder of a Turbo code, the LDPC parity-check nodes or the LDPC variable nodes).   The response can either be seen as extrinsic information or a representation of the messages in belief propagation. 

If there are two components which exchange messages, the behaviour of the decoder can be plotted on a two-dimensional chart.  One component is plotted with its input on the horizontal axis and its output on the vertical axis.  The other component is plotted with its input on the vertical axis and its output on the horizontal axis.  The decoding path followed is found by stepping between the two curves.  For a successful decoding, there must be a clear swath between the curves so that iterative decoding can proceed from 0 bits of extrinsic information to 1 bit of extrinsic information.

A key assumption is that the messages to and from an element of the decoder can be described by a single number, the extrinsic information.  This is true when decoding codes from a binary erasure channel but otherwise the messages are often samples from a Gaussian distribution with the correct extrinsic information.  The other key assumption is that the messages are independent (equivalent to an infinite block-size code without local structure between the components)

To make an optimal code, the two transfer curves need to lie close to each other.  This observation is supported by the theoretical result that for capacity to be reached for a code over a binary-erasure channel there must be no area between the curves and also by the insight that a large number of iterations are required for information to be spread throughout all bits of a code.

References

 T. Richardson and R. Urbanke: "Modern Coding Theory"

External links
Lecture notes on EXIT charts(PDF)

Error detection and correction
Information theory
Pegaso Troner. The Pegaso Troner made its debut at the 1987 Barcelona Motor show and was to be the last truck model developed by the Spanish manufacturer. Built at Pegaso's Barajas plant, the Troner featured the all-new Cabtec cab developed jointly with DAF Trucks who sold it as the DAF 95. Pegaso used their own, 12–litre, straight–six engine, and 16–speed ZF gearbox. Initially rated at , power was later raised to . The range encompassed 4x2, 6x2, 6x4, 8x2, and 8x4 rigids, and 4x2 and 6x4 tractor units. For the UK market a 6x2 midlift tractor unit was offered, the conversion engineered by Southworth of Chorley, Lancs.

The Troner was Enasa's last effort to keep pace with the European truck market but it failed to stop the company from losing market share. Eventually control of ENASA was taken over by the Iveco group. Nevertheless, Troners were popular in Spain, and also found a market in France and the Benelux countries. In the UK a large order was placed by the now defunct GB Express. Production of the Troner ceased in July 1993.

References 

Trucks
Caddy (hardware). In computer hardware, a caddy is a container used to protect an optical media disc from damage when handling. Its functionality is similar to that of the 3.5" floppy disk's jacket.

Its use dates back to at least the Capacitance Electronic Disc in 1981, and they were also used in initial versions of the Blu-ray Disc. As a cost-saving measure, newer versions use hard-coating technology to prevent scratches and do not need a caddy.

Caddies may be an integral part of the medium, as in some DVD-RAM discs, or separately attached.

Examples 

Caddies date at least to the Capacitance Electronic Disc, which used a caddy from 1981 to protect the grooves of the disc.

Some early CD-ROM drives used a mechanism where CDs had to be inserted into special cartridges, somewhat similar in appearance to a jewel case. Although the idea behind this—a tougher plastic shell to protect the disc from damage—was sound, it did not gain wide acceptance among disc manufacturers. Consumers also eschewed the intended and pricey use, which required each disc to be protected with a caddy for its full useful life, preferring to only buy one caddy and transfer the discs between their traditional storage jewel cases and the caddy when in use, then the reverse when finished.

Drives that used the caddy format required "bare" discs to be placed into a caddy before use, making them less convenient to use. Drives that worked this way were referred to as caddy drives or caddy load(ing), but from about 1994 most computer manufacturers moved to tray-loading,  or slot-loading drives.

The same system is still available for more recent formats such as DVD-RAMs but is not common.

The PlayStation Portable, UMD disc is a similar concept, using a small proprietary DVD-type disc, in a fixed unopenable caddy as both a copy protection and damage prevention measure.

The MiniDisc is a similar concept again, using a small proprietary Magneto-optical type disc instead, also in a fixed unopenable caddy.

References 

Computer storage media
Lug Valley. Lug Valley  is a valley in the Kullu District of the Himalayan region in the state of Himachal Pradesh, India.

For the last 150 years, the people of the valley have been  forest contractors in extracting timber from the forest. Today, the main forest contractors in the Himalayan region are still found in the Lug valley.

The Lug valley in Kullu  is reportedly  the place where the concept of using cables and trolleys for transportation was first employed by the British Forest Department to transport timber out of Himachal Pradesh forests in the early twentieth century.

Notes

External links
Himachal Pradesh articles in The India Tribune
Relevance of Ropeways for Uttaranchal

Valleys of Himachal Pradesh
Geography of Kullu district
St. Joseph's College of Engineering. St. Joseph's College of Engineering is a higher education institution in Chennai, India. It is under the administration of the Jeppiaar Educational Trust. The college is granted with Autonomous Status. St. Joseph's College of Engineering has been featured in the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) since 2017  and holds a position in the 'Elite Band' at the National level Atal Ranking of Institutional Innovations and Achievement (ARIIA – 2021). The college is accredited with an A+ grade by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC).

Location
The college is next to Sathyabama University in Semmancheri, OMR and about  from Adyar in Chennai. It is accessible by the East Coast Road (ECR).

Partnership 
HaiVE has launched India's first state-of-the-art on-campus AI lab at St. Joseph College of Engineering. This initiative represents a significant step towards promoting technological innovation and enhancing the learning environment for students in the field of artificial intelligence. The college has partnered with HaiVE to establish this advanced AI lab, which is expected to offer students the opportunity to explore cutting-edge technologies and develop practical skills in the rapidly evolving field of artificial intelligence.

Academic departments
St.Joseph's College of engineering consists of the following academic departments.
 Department of Computer Science and Engineering
 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
 Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
 Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering
 Department of Instrumentation and control engineering
 Department of Information Technology
 Department of Bio-Technology
 Department of Chemical Engineering

In addition, SJCE has the following courses for master's degrees:

 Master of Engineering in Power Electronics and Drives
 Master of Engineering in Applied Electronics
 Master of Engineering in Computer Science and Engineering
 Master of Science in Computer Technology
 Master of Business Administration
 Master of Engineering in Power Systems
 Master of Engineering in Software Engineering 
 Master of Engineering in Manufacturing Engineering
 Master of Engineering in Control and Instrumentation Engineering
 M.B.A. - Stands for Master of Business Administration.
 Master of Computer Applications
 Master of Technology in Biotechnology

Rankings

The National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) ranked it 183 among engineering colleges in 2021.

References

External links
St.Joseph's College of Engineering website
Anna University official website

Engineering colleges in Chennai
Colleges affiliated to Anna University
Educational institutions established in 1994
1994 establishments in Tamil Nadu
Academic institutions formerly affiliated with the University of Madras
Naval Ocean Surveillance System. The Naval Ocean Surveillance System (NOSS) is a series of signals-intelligence satellites that have conducted electronic signals intelligence for the U.S. Navy since the early 1970s. The first series of satellites were codenamed "White Cloud" or "PARCAE", while second- and third-generation satellites have used the codenames "Ranger" and "Intruder". According to the Union of Concerned Scientists in 2023, the system may be called the Space-Based Wide Area Surveillance System (SB-WASS).

The system is operated by the United States Navy, and its main purpose was tactical geolocation of Soviet Navy assets during the Cold War. NOSS involves satellite clusters operating in low Earth orbit to detect radar and other electronic transmissions from ships at sea and locate them using the time difference of arrival technique.

Satellites 

* One satellite from each third generation pair is officially catalogued as debris.
data from ,

Cost 
The costs of the NOSS satellites (excluding costs for the launch vehicle), which were destroyed in a Titan IV launch failure in 1993, were US$800 million (inflation adjusted US$  billion in ).

See also 
 Poppy (satellite)
 Yaogan
 CERES (satellite)

References

External links 
 NOSS @ astronautix.com
 BBC - h2g2 - Naval Ocean Surveillance Satellites - a 'UFO'

Reconnaissance satellites of the United States
Signals intelligence satellites
Military space program of the United States
Satellite series
Military equipment introduced in the 1970s
Derelict satellites orbiting Earth
Gamebike. A gamebike is an interactive fitness bike that requires the user to exercise in order to play their video games. The user must pedal the bike in order for the character to accelerate and must turn the handlebars to steer. The game bike allows users to control the character in their game while getting exercise.

History
Game Bike is the name of an interactive fitness device first invented and patented by Edward H. (Ted) Parks, M.D. in 2000. Dr. Parks sold the rights to his patent to Cateye Co Ltd, a Japanese company with expertise in electronic bicycle accessories, such as bike lights and speedometers.  Cateye's initial embodiment of Parks' design used a traditional bicycle attached to what they referred to as their GB100 system. The front tire was placed into a turn style platform that was used to read direction. Sensors were placed of the rear wheel which was mounted in a bicycle trainer to measure the speed. Cateye Co Ltd. first started production of the Game Bike in the GB100 form.

The project was then handled by a group in New Jersey that redesigned the product to be a single package incorporated into a stand-alone indoor exercise bike. The GB200 was born. An immediate need for a commercial version was soon covered by the introduction of the popular GB-300 Game Bike.

Late in 2008, Cateye Co Ltd. stopped all international distribution of the fitness line. Game Bike Production was then done by Source Distributors Inc. out of Dallas, Texas. Source Distributors produced the bike and made modifications to the unit to improve the controller serviceability. The Game Bike is a popular product within the school and YMCA markets. Thousands of bikes were sold in since the start of 2003.

Game Bike is now owned by Hudson Fitness LLC. Game Bike is currently available and Hudson Fitness LLC continues supporting the Game Bike service.

Compatible titles
Compatible titles include:
Any speed-based video game for PS2/PS3/Game Cube/Xbox

References

External links
  
 GameBike Proves There is More to Healthy Gaming than Just DDR at GamePolitics.com

Exercise equipment
Fitness games
Video game accessories
PlayStation (console) accessories
PlayStation 2 accessories
GameCube accessories
Xbox (console) accessories
ISO 6344. ISO 6344 is an international standard covering the materials sizes and tests regarding sandpaper and other similar coated abrasives. 

It has three parts:
 ISO 6344-1:1998: Grain size distribution test
 ISO 6344-2:1998: Determination of grain size distribution of macrogrits P12 to P220
 ISO 6344-3:1998: Determination of grain size distribution of microgrits P240 to P2500

External links 
 ISO.org

06344
Douglas C-1. The Douglas C-1 was a cargo/transport aircraft produced by the Douglas Aircraft Corporation for the United States Army Air Service starting in 1925.

Design and development
Douglas received an order for nine single-engined transport aircraft in 1925, the first aircraft flying from Douglas's Santa Monica, California factory on 2 May 1925. The C-1 was the first aircraft assigned in the new C- category. The aircraft design was based on several earlier and similar designs developed by Douglas in the early 1920s (including the Douglas World Cruisers used in the first round-the-world flight in 1924). The C-1 featured an enclosed passenger compartment capable of carrying six passengers or about 2,500 lb (1,100 kg) of cargo. A trap door was placed in the lower fuselage to allow large and/or heavy cargo (particularly aircraft engines) to be lifted directly into the cargo compartment. An auxiliary door for passengers and light cargo was included on the right side of the center fuselage.

Operational history
The C-1 biplane was powered by the Liberty L-12 engine and carried a crew of two in an open cockpit. A C-1 was flown in the 1926 Ford National Reliability Air Tour.

Seventeen additional aircraft were ordered in 1926 and 1927 for the United States Army Air Corps as C-1Cs and were slightly larger than the original C-1s.

Several C-1s were used in test programs—as an engine testbed, as a prototype air ambulance and as refueling aircraft for early air-to-air refueling experiments. Two of these aircraft were used as "tankers" in the 1929 record endurance flight of the Fokker C-2 Question Mark.

Variants
C-1 Single-engined cargo/passenger transport aircraft, powered by a 435 hp (324 kW) Liberty V-1650-1 piston engine, accommodation for two crew and six to eight passengers.
C-1A One C-1 used to test a variety of engines and cowlings, it was also used for number of experiments with ski landing gear.
C-1C Single-engined cargo/passenger transport aircraft, fitted with a metal cabin floor, modified landing gear, it had a higher gross landing weight and increased dimensions, plus a new balanced rudder; 17 built

Operators

United States Army Air Service
United States Army Air Corps

Specifications (Douglas C-1)

References
Notes

Bibliography

 Forden, Lesley. The Ford Air Tours: 1925-1931. New Brighton Minnesota: Aviation Foundation of America, 2003, First edition 1972. No ISBN.
 Francillon, René J. McDonnell Douglas Aircraft since 1920. London: Putnam, 1979. .

External links

 The National Museum of the United States Air Force has articles on the C-1, C-1A, C-1B (never built), and C-1C, and also on the use of the C-1 as an air ambulance.

C-001
Douglas C-01
Aircraft first flown in 1925
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Henan University of Science and Technology. Henan University of Science and Technology (HAUST, ) is a comprehensive teaching and research university which ranks top three in Henan Province.  The university has 31 schools, 77 undergraduate programs, 156 Master's degree programs and 25 Doctoral degree program covering science, engineering, agriculture, medicine, economics, management science, literature, law, history, education and other 10 disciplines, with the MBA, Master of Engineering, Master of clinical Medicine, veterinary Medicine master's and professional master's degree in agricultural extension. It is granted the right to authorize a joint Ministry of Education to recruit, train units of doctoral students. The university is located in Luoyang, Henan province, China.

In 2017, the first international students were introduced to this university. Such courses included Medicine and Chinese Language.

History
The university was formerly the Luoyang Institute of Technology, which was a university specializing in science and technology courses. In 2002, Luoyang Institute of Technology, founded in 1952, was combined with Luoyang Medical School and Luoyang Agricultural School and the new HAUST was established.

External links
  

 
Universities and colleges established in 1952
Universities and colleges in Henan
Education in Luoyang
1952 establishments in China
Oregon Department of Environmental Quality. The Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) is the chief regulatory agency of the government of the U.S. state of Oregon responsible for protecting and enhancing the state's natural resources and managing sanitary and toxic waste disposal.  The agency employs approximately 700 scientists, engineers, technicians, administrators, and environmental specialists. It has headquarters in Portland, regional administrative offices in Bend, Eugene, and Portland; and field offices in Coos Bay, Medford, Pendleton, Salem, and The Dalles. The Laboratory and Environmental Assessment Division operates an environmental laboratory in Hillsboro. The agency's director has the authority to impose fines for violations of the state's anti-pollution laws. In addition to its state mandate, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has delegated authority to DEQ to administer federal environmental programs including the federal Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, and Resource Conservation and Recovery Act within the state.

DEQ was established by the Oregon Legislative Assembly in 1969 when it dissolved its predecessor, the Oregon State Sanitary Authority, which was created in 1938 in response to public outcry for cleanup of the Willamette River. It administers the state's pollution laws, the first of which were enacted in 1889.

See also 
 Oregon Waste Systems, Inc. v. Department of Environmental Quality of Oregon

References

External links 

Environment of Oregon
Environmental Quality, Oregon Department of
State environmental protection agencies of the United States
1969 establishments in Oregon
Government agencies established in 1969
Bruce Tate. Bruce A. Tate is an American author on the topic of the Java, Ruby, and Elixir programming languages and other computer software. He is also the CTO of icanmakeitbetter.com and the editor of Elixir books for the Pragmatic Bookshelf.

Works

 Designing Elixir Systems with OTP
 Adopting Elixir
 Better, Faster, Lighter Java
 Beyond Java: A Glimpse at the Future of Programming Languages
 Bitter EJB, co-authored a critical analysis of Java EJBs
 Bitter Java, a critical analysis of Java
 Deploying Rails Applications
 From Java to Ruby: Things Every Manager Should Know
 Programming Phoenix
 Rails: Up and Running
 Seven Languages in Seven Weeks
 Seven More Languages in Seven Weeks

References

External links 
 Review of Tate's book Beyond Java
 Weblog
 Amazon book review and listings
 Tursiops electronicus: Stimulated tutoring of a language trained dolphin interview in the free Prolog chapter of Seven Languages in Seven Weeks.

American non-fiction writers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Wright Cadet. The Wright Cadet was a low floor midibus body built on the DAF/VDL SB120 chassis by Wrightbus between 2000 and 2008. It was sold via VDL dealer Arriva Bus & Coach. Of the 681 produced, 366 were for Arriva subsidiaries, including eight for its Netherlands subsidiary. Bus Éireann purchased 35, and UniversityBus of Hatfield purchased five between 2000 and 2001.

Volvo Merit
The SB120/Cadet combination was also sold through Volvo Buses for a time following the withdrawal from sale of its own B6BLE chassis in 2002 without a direct replacement. Cadets sold through Volvo had all DAF/VDL badging removed and were marketed as the Volvo Merit, although they were visually identical to Cadets sold through Wrightbus; forty-eight were sold in this way to Warrington Borough Transport between 2003 and 2008.

References

External links

Low-floor buses
Midibuses
Vehicles introduced in 2000
Cadet