omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
High Performance Fortran. High Performance Fortran (HPF) is an extension of Fortran 90 with constructs that support parallel computing, published by the High Performance Fortran Forum (HPFF).  The HPFF was convened and chaired by Ken Kennedy of Rice University.  The first version of the HPF Report was published in 1993.

Building on the array syntax introduced in Fortran 90, HPF uses a data parallel model of computation to support spreading the work of a single array computation over multiple processors.  This allows efficient implementation on both SIMD and MIMD style architectures.  HPF features included:

 New Fortran statements, such as FORALL, and the ability to create PURE (side effect free) procedures
 Compiler directives for recommended alignment and distribution of array data (influenced by the earlier Fortran D and Vienna Fortran research efforts)
 Compiler directive for specifying processor arrangements (e.g., rank, extent, etc.)
 Compiler directive for asserting loop iteration independence
 Extrinsic procedure interface for interfacing to non-HPF parallel procedures such as those using message passing
 Additional library routines - including environmental inquiry, parallel prefix/suffix (e.g., 'scan', segmented scan), data scattering, and sorting operations

Fortran 95 incorporated several HPF capabilities.  In response, the HPFF again convened and published the HPF 2.0 Report.  The updated report removed material which was already covered by Fortran 95.  The report was also reorganized and revised based on experience with HPF 1.0.

While some vendors did incorporate HPF into their compilers in the 1990s, some aspects proved difficult to implement and of questionable use.  Since then, most vendors and users have moved to OpenMP-based parallel processing.  However HPF continues to have influence.  For example, the BIT data type proposal for the Fortran-2008 standard contained a number of new intrinsic functions taken directly from HPF.

See also
 Partitioned global address space

External links
 HPFF - Rice University HPF Forum
 Internet Parallel Computing Archive : Standards : Hpf
 ADAPTOR- An open-source HPF compilation system 
 HPF+ - HPF for advanced applications
 The rise and fall of High Performance Fortran: an historical object lesson

References

Concurrent programming languages
Fortran programming language family
Quill drive. A quill drive is a mechanism that allows a drive shaft to shift its position (either axially, radially, or both) relative to its driving shaft.  It consists of a hollow driving shaft (the quill) with a driven shaft inside it.  The two are connected in some fashion which permits the required motion.

Examples

Drill press
One example of a quill drive is found in a drill press where the quill allows the chuck to move vertically while being driven rotationally.

Railroad locomotive
Quill drives have been extensively used in railroad electric locomotives to connect between frame-mounted traction motors and the driven wheels.  The two are linked by a flexible drive which allows a degree of radial motion and possibly a small amount of axial motion. This allows the motors to be mounted on top of the suspension system, moving independently of the wheels. This smooths the drive from the motors and isolates them from mechanical shock. This also decreases the unsprung weight borne directly by the wheels, thus decreasing wear on the track.

Quill drives were used by many electric locomotives in the United States, particularly those of the Pennsylvania Railroad—their long-lasting GG1 design being perhaps the best known.  Many locomotives built in France, Germany, Italy and Poland used quill drives as well, allowing higher locomotive speed. The English Electric–built NZR ED class used a quill drive, but was found to be hard on the track.

See also
 Buchli drive
 Radial axle
 Tschanz drive
 Winterthur universal drive

References

Mechanisms (engineering)
Automotive technologies
Electric locomotives
Locomotive parts
Shaft drives
Hierarchical INTegration. Hierarchical INTegration, or HINT for short, is a computer benchmark that ranks a computer system as a whole (i.e. the entire computer instead of individual components). It measures the full range of performance, mostly based on the amount of work a computer can perform over time. A system with a very fast processor would likely be rated poorly if the buses were very poor compared to those of another system that had both an average processor and average buses. For example, in the past, Macintosh computers with relatively slow processor speeds (800 MHz) used to perform better than x86 based systems with processors running at nearly 2 GHz.

HINT is known for being almost immune to artificial optimization and can be used by many computers ranging from a calculator to a supercomputer. It was developed at the U.S. Department of Energy's Ames Laboratory and is licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License.

HINT is intended to be "scalable" to run on any size computer, from small serial systems to highly parallel supercomputers.
The person using the HINT benchmark can use any floating-point or integer type.

HINT benchmark results have been published comparing a variety of parallel and uniprocessor systems.

A related tool ANALYTIC HINT can be used as a design tool to estimate the benefits of using more memory, a faster processor, or improved communications (bus speed) within the system.

See also 
 John Gustafson (scientist)

References

External links 

 official site
 article discussing HINT benchmark
 benchmark sources download
 benchmark sources download

Benchmarks (computing)
Mechanical splice. A mechanical splice is a junction of two or more optical fibers that are aligned and held in place by a self-contained assembly (usually the size of a large carpenter's nail). The fibers are not permanently joined, just precisely held together so that light can pass from one to 
another. This impermanence is an important advantage over fusion splicing, as splice loss, the amount of power that the splice fails to transmit, can be better measured and prevented.

Designs and variations
 
There are several designs in use for mechanical splicing, varying based on the method of fiber alignment; four common methods, according to the Fiber Optic Association, are the capillary tube, V-groove, elastometric, and rotary splice. 
 A capillary tube splice aligns the optical fibers inside of a glass tube, connecting them with a simple adhesive that matches the refractive index of the fibers. This setup allows for manual adjustments and is often a component in the more complex rotary splice.
 A V-groove plate can accommodate multiple fibers simultaneously, holding the individual fibers in separated grooves on the plate that maintain alignment. This method is popular for its simplicity and long-term effectiveness. 
 An elastometric splice is similar to the V-groove in that it uses lined plates to keep the fibers aligned, but it uses a soft elastomer polymer rather than a harder material like a metal plate. The softer material allows a variety of fibers with different diameters to be used. 
 A rotary splice is a more costly and complex connector which uses rotating glass ferrules to minimize splice loss. This is largely considered unpopular due to the increased amount of labor involved, as maintaining minimal splice loss requires frequent manual adjustment.

Other than the method of alignment, all forms of optical fiber splicing, including non-mechanical fusion splicing, involve an essentially identical process of cleaving and testing. Good cleaving, by creating a flat surface for fibers to be aligned and connected on, reduces splice loss in all forms of optical fiber splicing.

See also
Fusion splicing
Optical splice
Cleave (fiber)
Optical fiber connector

References

Further reading
 How To Splice Fiber Optic Cable Using Mechanical Splice Kit Picture and Video Instructions

Fiber optics
Oberpfaffenhofen. Oberpfaffenhofen is a village that is part of the municipality of Weßling in the district of Starnberg, Bavaria, Germany. It is located about  from the city center of Munich.

Village
The village is home to the Oberpfaffenhofen Airport  and a major site of the German Aerospace Center (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, DLR). In 1983, the first West-German astronaut, the physicist Ulf Merbold, flew to space on board a Space Shuttle in a Spacelab mission that was partly supervised by the German Space Operations Center located at Oberpfaffenhofen.

The research center in Oberpfaffenhofen houses the DLR, including the Columbus Control Center which DLR operates for the European Space Agency and Airbus Defence and Space, and also some Fraunhofer Institutes and other scientific institutes. From 2014, OHB group moved the division which formerly was Kayser-Threde, from Munich to Oberpfaffenhofen.

Also situated in Oberpfaffenhofen is the industrial area of (the now insolvent) Dornier Luftfahrt GmbH (later part of Fairchild Dornier). The aircraft manufacturer shared the airfield with the DLR.

During the occupation of Germany the airport was designated Oberpfaffenhofen Air Force Depot which also served as the maintenance depot for the aircraft that were utilized during the Berlin Airlift of 1948–49.

References

External links 
 
 German Aerospace Center Oberpfaffenhofen (DLR)

Starnberg (district)
Markus Kuhn (computer scientist). Markus Guenther Kuhn (born 1971) is a German computer scientist, currently working at the Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge and a fellow of Wolfson College, Cambridge.

Education
Kuhn was educated at University of Erlangen (Germany), he received his Master of Science degree at Purdue University and PhD at the University of Cambridge.

Research
Kuhn's main research interests include computer security, in particular the hardware and signal-processing aspects of it, and distributed systems. He is known, among other things, for his work on security microcontrollers, compromising emanations, and distance-bounding protocols. He developed the Stirmark test for digital watermarking schemes, the OTPW one-time password system, and headed the project that extended the X11 misc-fixed fonts to Unicode.

In 1994, as an undergraduate student, he became known for developing several ways to circumvent the VideoCrypt encryption system, most notably the Season7 smartcard emulator.

In 2002, he published a new method for eavesdropping CRT screens and in 2003 he went on to publish mitigations such as "Tempest fonts".

In 2010, Kuhn was asked to analyse the ADE 651, a device used in Iraq that was said to be a bomb-detecting device; he found that it contained nothing but an anti-theft tag and said that it was "impossible" that the device could detect anything whatsoever.

He is also known for some of his work on international standardisation, such as pioneering the introduction of Unicode/UTF-8 under Linux.

Awards and honours
In 1987 and 1988, he won the German national computer-science contest, and in 1989, he won a gold medal for the West German team at the International Olympiad in Informatics.

References

1971 births
Living people
German computer scientists
Purdue University alumni
Fellows of Wolfson College, Cambridge
Members of the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory
Computer security academics
Studienstiftung alumni
University of Erlangen-Nuremberg alumni
Scientists from Munich
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
HIL bus. The HP-HIL (Hewlett-Packard Human Interface Link) is the name of a computer bus used by Hewlett-Packard to connect keyboards, mice, trackballs, digitizers, tablets, barcode readers, rotary knobs, touchscreens, and other human interface peripherals to their HP 9000 workstations. The bus was in use until the mid-1990s, when HP substituted PS/2 technology for HIL. The PS/2 peripherals were themselves replaced with USB-connected models.

The HIL bus is a daisy-chain of up to 7 devices, running at a raw clock speed of 8 MHz. Each HIL device typically has an output connector, and an input connector to which the next device in the chain plugs; the exception is the mouse which has only the output connector.

HIL buses can be found on HP PA-RISC and m68k based machines, some early HP Vectra computers, as well as in some HP/Agilent Logic Analyzers. HP-UX, OpenBSD, Linux and NetBSD include drivers for the HIL bus and HIL devices.

The HP-HIL bus uses specific 4-pin, 6-pin, or 8-pin SDL connectors, somewhat similar to the 8P8C 8-pin modular connector commonly (though incorrectly) called the RJ-45. The bus can reportedly also use a 9-pin D-subminiature DE-9 connector. 

A HIL to PS/2 converter is available, namely the HP A4220-62001.

Specification
 HP-HIL Technical Reference Manual, HP P/N 45918A

External links

HP HIL Linux driver suite
Vectra RS/20 with HIL

Serial buses
Hewlett-Packard products
Human–computer interaction
Frederic C. Williams. Sir Frederic Calland Williams,  (26 June 1911 – 11 August 1977), known as F.C. Williams or Freddie Williams, was an English engineer, a pioneer in radar and computer technology.

Education
Williams was born in Romiley, Stockport, and educated at Stockport Grammar School. He gained a scholarship to study engineering at the University of Manchester where he was awarded Bachelor of Science and Master of Science degrees. He was awarded a Doctor of Philosophy degree in 1936 for research carried out as a postgraduate student of Magdalen College, Oxford.

Research and career
Working at the Telecommunications Research Establishment (TRE), Williams was a substantial contributor during World War II to the development of radar.

In 1946 he was appointed as head of the Electrical Engineering Department of the University of Manchester. There, with Tom Kilburn and Geoff Tootill, he built the first electronic stored-program digital computer, the Manchester Baby.

Williams is also recognised for his invention of the Williams tube, an early memory device. He supervised the research of his PhD students Richard Grimsdale and Tom Kilburn.

Awards and honours
Williams was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1950. His nomination reads

Personal life
Williams died in Manchester in 1977, aged 66.

References

1911 births
1977 deaths
Academics of the Victoria University of Manchester
Alumni of Magdalen College, Oxford
Alumni of the Victoria University of Manchester
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
English electrical engineers
Fellows of the Royal Society
History of computing in the United Kingdom
Knights Bachelor
People educated at Stockport Grammar School
People from Stockport
People associated with the Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester
Engineers from Lancashire
Alumni of the University of Manchester
ATG Javelin. The ATG Javelin was an American small high-speed personal jet that was developed by the Aviation Technology Group (ATG) prior to its bankruptcy. Planned for FAA certification under 14 CFR part 23, the Javelin had a design resembling a fighter aircraft, an unusual concept for civilian jets. The Javelin MK-20 derivative, developed in cooperation between ATG and Israel Aerospace Industries, was expected to fill the jet trainer role for various air forces. The first prototype took flight on 30 September 2005, flown by retired Air Force 2nd Lt and test pilot Robert Fuschino.

ATG halted all further development on the Javelin in December 2007 after failing to get $200 million to finance further development.  The company subsequently declared bankruptcy in 2008, ending the development of the Javelin.

Javelin design rights were bought by Rud Aero, a very small airplane manufacturer.  They had partnered with another very small firm, Stavatti Aerospace to offer a variant of the Javelin for the U.S. Air Force's T-X program. This proved unsuccessful, with the Boeing-Saab T-7 Red Hawk being selected by the US Air Force on 27 September 2018.

Specifications (Javelin MK-10)

See also

References

External links

 Israel Aircraft Industries
 ACTA
 Airframer.com: ATG Javelin program suppliers
 Airframer.com: ATG Press Release, March 4, 2008

2000s United States civil utility aircraft
Very light jets
Cancelled aircraft projects
Twinjets
Javelin
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 2005
Projects established in 2005
Projects disestablished in 2007
MIT Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems. The MIT Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems (LIDS), which founded in 1940, is an interdisciplinary research laboratory of MIT, working on research in the areas of communications, control, and signal processing combining faculty from the School of Engineering (including the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics), the Department of Mathematics and the MIT Sloan School of Management. The lab is located in the Dreyfoos Tower of the Stata Center and shares some research duties with MIT's Lincoln Laboratory and the independent Draper Laboratory.

History 
The laboratory traces its beginnings to the MIT Servomechanisms Laboratory in 1940, where work on guidance systems and early computation was done during World War II.

Known as LIDS, the laboratory has hosted several luminaries over the years, including Claude Shannon and David Forney. , the current acting director is Prof. Sertac Karaman.

See also 
 Gordon S. Brown

References

External links 
 LIDS webpage

Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems
Maffei (company). Maffei was a manufacturer of railway locomotives based in Munich, Germany. Established in 1836, it prospered for nearly a century before going bankrupt in 1930 and becoming amalgamated with the firm of Krauss to form Krauss-Maffei.  Following another seventy years of prosperity Krauss-Maffei merged with Demag and Mannesmann in 1999, the resulting conglomerate in turn being sold to Siemens AG.

Perhaps J. A. Maffei's most famous product was the S3/6 4-6-2 locomotive of 1908.

In 1836, Joseph Anton, Ritter von Maffei established the "J. A. Maffei" locomotive works in the English Garden district of Munich. The aim was to make Bavaria competitive in the machine industry. From these small beginnings a locomotive works eventually developed.

In 1864 they delivered their 500th locomotive. Maffei, as a Munich town councillor, was praised for the building of the Hotel Bayerischer Hof. Well-known products of the locomotive works are the Bavarian S 2/6 express locomotive which held the 1907 German speed record of 154.5 km/h) and the Bavarian S 3/6. Examples of the S 3/6 are preserved in the Deutsches Museum in Munich and in the Nuremberg Transport Museum.

Maffei, amongst other things, involved itself with the building of the Augsburg Munich line and supported Johann Ulrich Himbsel in the building of the Munich - Starnberg line. Maffei, at Lake Starnberg, built their first steamer "Maximilian". By 1926 they had built 44 steam ships.

In 1930 the form of J.A.Maffei went into bankruptcy and in 1931 merged with the Krauss Company to form Krauss-Maffei. The Maffei mansion in Feldafing, by Lake Starnberg, today houses a museum and exhibitions.

Defunct manufacturing companies of Germany
Defunct locomotive manufacturers of Germany
Manufacturing companies based in Munich
Manufacturing companies established in 1836
Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1930
1836 establishments in the German Confederation
1930 disestablishments in Germany
Ambiguous viewpoint. Object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) models are often presented without clarifying the viewpoint represented by the model.  By default, these models denote an implementation viewpoint that visualises the structure of a computer program.  Mixed viewpoints do not support the fundamental separation of interfaces from implementation details, which is one of the primary benefits of the object-oriented paradigm.

In object-oriented analysis and design there are three viewpoints: The business viewpoint (the information that is domain specific and matters to the end user), the specification viewpoint (which defines the exposed interface elements of a class), and the implementation viewpoint (which deals with the actual internal implementation of the class).  If the viewpoint becomes mixed then these elements will blend together in a way which makes it difficult to separate out and maintain the internals of an object without changing the interface, one of the core tenets of object-oriented analysis and design.

See also 
 Class-Responsibility-Collaboration card
 Unified Modeling Language
 Object-oriented analysis
 Object-oriented design

References 

Object-oriented programming
Software design
Quill (disambiguation). A quill is a writing tool made from the wing feather of a large bird.

Quill may also refer to:

Computer software 
 QUILL, a programming language used in Quintiq software
 Quill (software), a 1982 suite of tools for literacy development
 Oculus Quill, a painting and animation software for virtual reality
 The Quill (software), a 1983 computer program to write adventure games
 Quill, a word processor developed by Psion
 Quill, an automated narrative generator from Narrative Science

Films
Quill (film), a 2004 Japanese movie
Quills (film), a 2000 English movie

Mechanical parts
Quill (bicycle part), a component that connects handlebars to the steerer tube of the fork
Quill drive, a mechanism to connect drive shafts together so they need not be oriented in the same direction
The non-rotating shaft that houses the spindle in a pillar drill

Music
Quill (band), a US band that played at the Woodstock festival
 Quill (album)
The Quill (band), a Swedish stoner rock/metal band
The Quill (album), 1995
Quill, one of many plectra in a harpsichord, made from a feather or synthetic material
The quills, an old word in the United States and Britain for pan pipes

Places
 Lake Quill in New Zealand, source of the Sutherland Falls
 Quill, Georgia, a community in the United States
 Quill City, Malaysia
 Quill Lakes, a wetland complex in Saskatchewan, Canada
 Quill Lake, Saskatchewan, a village northwest of Quill Lakes
 The Quill (volcano), Sint Eustatius, Caribbean Netherlands

Publishing
Quill (comics), several Marvel Comics characters
Quill (magazine), the magazine of the Society of Professional Journalists in the US
The Quill (magazine), literary magazine of Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine, US
The Quill (newspaper), the student newspaper at Brandon University, Canada
Quill Award, an American literary award given 2005–2007
Quill Awards (Australia), Australian journalism awards given annually by the Melbourne Press Club

Other uses
Quill (surname), an Irish surname
Quill Corporation, a retailer based in Lincolnshire, Illinois
Quill Corp. v. North Dakota, a United States Supreme Court case regarding use tax
"Quill" (Grimm), a 2012 episode of the TV series Grimm
Quill (horse), an American Thoroughbred racehorse
Spine (zoology), a needle-like anatomical structure in some animals
Quill (satellite), a reconnaissance satellite programme
Quills (play), a 1995 play by Doug Wright

See also
 Golden Quill, an American stage acting award
 Quiller (disambiguation)
 Quilling, an art form
Quillwork, traditional Native American art form
Quillwort, common name of Isoetes
OEM (disambiguation). OEM is an original equipment manufacturer, a company that makes a part or subsystem that is used in another company's end product.

OEM may also refer to:

Computing
 Object Exchange Model, a model for exchanging data between object-oriented databases
 OEM font, or OEM-US, the original character set of the IBM PC, 
 Oracle Enterprise Manager, a computer application that aims to manage software produced by Oracle Corporation

Organisations
 OEM International, a former construction company in Gibraltar
 Office for Emergency Management, a World War II function within the Executive Office of the United States Government
 Office of Emergency Management, a general term for emergency management functions
 Oklahoma Department of Emergency Management, for coordinating the response to a natural disaster
 Organización Editorial Mexicana, a Mexican print media company

Other uses
 Occupational and Environmental Medicine, a medical journal

See also