omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Adaptive software development. Adaptive software development (ASD) is a software development process that grew out of the work by Jim Highsmith and Sam Bayer on rapid application development (RAD). It embodies the principle that continuous adaptation of the process to the work at hand is the normal state of affairs.

Adaptive software development replaces the traditional waterfall cycle with a repeating series of speculate, collaborate, and learn cycles. This dynamic cycle provides for continuous learning and adaptation to the emergent state of the project. The characteristics of an ASD life cycle are that it is mission focused, feature based, iterative, timeboxed, risk driven, and change tolerant. As with RAD, ASD is also an antecedent to agile software development.

The word speculate refers to the paradox of planning – it is more likely to assume that all stakeholders are comparably wrong for certain aspects of the project’s mission, while trying to define it. During speculation, the project is initiated and adaptive cycle planning is conducted.
Adaptive cycle planning uses project initiation information—the customer’s
mission statement, project constraints (e.g., delivery dates or user descriptions), and
basic requirements—to define the set of release cycles (software increments) that
will be required for the project.

Collaboration refers to the efforts for balancing the work based on predictable parts of the environment (planning and guiding them) and adapting to the uncertain surrounding mix of changes caused by various factors, such as technology, requirements, stakeholders, software vendors.  The learning cycles, challenging all stakeholders, are based on the short iterations with design, build and testing. During these iterations the knowledge is gathered by making small mistakes based on false assumptions and correcting those mistakes, thus leading to greater experience and eventually mastery in the problem domain.

References

Adaptive Software Development: A Collaborative Approach to Managing Complex Systems, Highsmith, J.A., 2000 New York: Dorset House, 392pp, 
Agile Project Management: Creating Innovative Products, Addison-Wesley, Jim Highsmith, March 2004, 277pp, 

Software Engineering: A Practitioner's Approach, Roger Pressman, Bruce Maxim. 
Software development process
Agile software development
Nanopin film. Nanopin film is an experimental material in nanotechnology developed in 2005 with unusual superhydrophobic properties . A droplet of water makes contact with the surface of this film and forms an almost perfect sphere with a contact angle of 178°. This happens because it is covered with nanoscale, topped-off pins or cones perpendicular to the surface. The surface is regarded as a composite material with mostly air and a small fraction constituted by the tops of the cones. When the contact angle of the cone material is sufficiently large, Cassie's law predicts large contact angle values for the composite.

This particular nanopin film is produced with borosilicate glass. A solution of CoCl2•6H2O or cobalt chloride hexahydrate is heated at 60 °C for 24 hours in a chemical bath deposition to form a brucite type cobalt(II) hydroxide layer with composition
CoOH1.13Cl0.09(CO3)0.39.0.05H20

The top coating is provided by lauric acid in a separate step. A 3 square micrometer surface now contains on average 166 such cones with cone height of around 100 nm, and the cone diameter at the tip is 6.5 nm. The Cassie's law prediction for this material with the lauric acid surface area contact fraction of 0.000612 and flat film contact angle of 75° is 177.8°.

See also

References 
  Superhydrophobic Perpendicular Nanopin Film by the Bottom-Up Process Eiji Hosono, Shinobu Fujihara, Itaru Honma, and Haoshen Zhou J. Am. Chem. Soc.; 2005; 127(39) pp 13458 – 13459 Abstract  Supporting info with pics

Nanomaterials
Thomas Rogers (locomotive builder). Thomas Rogers (1792–1856) was an American mechanical engineer and founder of Rogers Locomotive and Machine Works of Paterson, New Jersey. Fellow locomotive designer and builder, Zerah Colburn said that "Thomas Rogers maybe fairly said to have done more for the modern American locomotive than any of his contemporaries."

Biography
Thomas Rogers was born in Groton, Connecticut, in 1792. He was the son of Jason Rogers. Before moving to Paterson in 1812, he studied carpentry and blacksmithing. In 1832 he partnered with Morris Ketchum and Jasper Grosvenor to form Rogers, Ketchum and Grosvenor, building agricultural and textile machinery as well as springs, axles and other small parts for the first railroads of America.

In 1837 Rogers built his first locomotive, Sandusky, which became the first locomotive to operate in Ohio. More importantly, it was the first to use cast iron driving wheels (wooden spokes were common before) and the first to feature counterweights in them to offset the force of the piston stroke and the combined weight of the axle, wheels and piston rod against the railroad track. Rogers filed a patent for the engine's counterbalance on July 12, 1837.

See also 
Paul Rapsey Hodge

References

 
 

1792 births
1856 deaths
People from Groton, Connecticut
Locomotive builders and designers
American railroad mechanical engineers
American railroad pioneers
Engineers from Connecticut
19th-century American engineers
19th-century American businesspeople
Pureland Industrial Complex. Pureland Industrial Complex is a  industrial park located in Logan Township in Gloucester County, New Jersey, United States. It borders the Delaware River and Raccoon Creek, and is located  south of the ports of Camden and Philadelphia.  Interstate 295, U.S. Route 322 and U.S. Route 130 run through it and connect it to major truck routes. SMS Rail Lines connect to Penns Grove Secondary and the national rail network. It was opened in 1975 and is the largest industrial park in the state of New Jersey, and one of the largest in the world.

Companies 
Companies or organizations with offices, warehouses, or manufacturing facilities in Pureland include:

Amazon.com
Mitsubishi
VWR Scientific
Mercedes-Benz
Mannington Mills
US Postal Service
Home Depot
Lockheed Martin
Nextel
Pep Boys
Flowserve
Target Corporation

References

External links 
Pureland Industrial Complex website

Industrial parks in the United States
Buildings and structures in Gloucester County, New Jersey
Economy of New Jersey
Industrial buildings and structures in New Jersey
Companies based in Gloucester County, New Jersey
Planographic printing. Planographic printing means printing from a flat surface, as opposed to a raised surface (as with relief printing) or incised surface (as with intaglio printing). Lithography and offset lithography are planographic processes that rely on the property that water will not mix with oil. The image is created by applying a tusche (greasy substance) to a  plate or stone. The term lithography comes from litho, for stone, and -graph to draw. Certain parts of the semi-absorbent surface being printed on can be made receptive to ink while others (the blank parts) reject it.

See also
Lithography
Viscosity printing
Flexography

External links 
Planographic printing, New York Public Library
Planographic printing
Planographic prints at the University of Michigan Museum of Art
Planographic prints at the Portland Museum of Art
Planographic prints at Bristol's Free Museums and Historic Houses

 
Printing processes
Printmaking
Alta de Lisboa. Alta de Lisboa (in English, uptown Lisbon) is a Portuguese community on the northern edge of Lisbon.  The community covers an area of roughly 3 square kilometres (740 acres).

Urban renewal
The community is the result of one of the largest urban renewal projects in Europe, encompassing an area of 300 hectares and with an original target population of close to 60,000 inhabitants. It is being developed by an international consortium known as Sociedade Gestora da Alta de Lisboa, or SGAL, in accordance with a public-private partnership agreement with the Municipality of Lisbon. The project, which involves an investment of approximately 200 million euros each year, was set for completion in 2015, but development has been hindered by periods of economic recession.
Despite this, most of the street network is in place, as are a number of social facilities, and the promoter is expecting faster development in the coming years.

References

External links
 Official website
 Online community of Alta de Lisboa residents
 University of Calgary webpage for Alta de Lisboa project

Districts of Lisbon
Joint Interoperability Test Command. The Joint Interoperability Test Command (JITC) is a wing of the United States Department of Defense that tests and certifies information technology products for military use.

History 
The JITC had its roots in the TRI-TAC program of the 1970s, which sought to streamline and test the technology behind field and tactical command systems. The program began officially in 1971, and work started in 1976 at Fort Huachuca in southern Arizona. The TRI-TAC program tested various field equipment for years, but ran into problems with working with other branches of the Department of Defense's testing programs. With an eye to fix this problem, the TRI-TAC program was rebranded and refocused in 1984 to become the Joint Tactical Command, Control, and Communications Agency (JTC3A). This led to the Fort Huachuca part of the operations to be renamed as the Joint Interoperability Test Force (JITF). Continued problems with cooperation and coordination between different testing agencies in the 80's led to another round of consolidation, which turned the Fort Huachuca operations into the Joint Interoperability Test Center (also abbreviated as JITC  somewhat confusingly  but not the same as the Joint Interoperability Test Command). Operations were further consolidated in 1988, and then in 1989 the Test Center gained its final name of the Joint Interoperability Test Command (JITC). These final rounds of consolidation were concurrent with a Department of Defense push towards "interoperability", which aimed to ensure that military technology could work across branches of the military, between different arms of the same branch of the military, and even between nations as coalition military action became more frequent.

The focus of the JITC shifted towards interoperability and information technology testing in the 90's. By 2011 it employed more than 1,300 military personnel and contractors to test and certify military technology.

Locations 
JITC facilities are located at Fort Huachuca, Arizona and Fort George G. Meade, Maryland. An additional JITC mission used to exist at Indian Head, Maryland, but was closed in December 2016 resulting in testing moving to either Fort Huachuca, Arizona or Fort Meade, Maryland.

External links 
 Joint Interoperability Test Command
 DoD IPv6 Product Certification

References

Military units and formations in Arizona
Military units and formations in Maryland
Certified Professional Electrologist. Certified Professional Electrologist (CPE) credential signifies that an electrologist's knowledge has been tested and measured against a national standard of excellence. The credential was developed and is administered through the American Electrology Association's International Board of Electrologist Certification (IBEC). The CPE must obtain seventy-five hours of continuing education, in a five-year period, to maintain this voluntary credential, or be re-tested.

External links
Why Choose A Certified Professional Electrologist

Hair removal
Groundbed. A groundbed is an array of electrodes, installed in the ground to provide a low resistance electrical path to ground or earth.  A groundbed is a component in an earthing system.

Each electrode is called a ground rod or an earth electrode.

Grounding systems
For building electrical grounding systems or earthing systems, there is a low resistance conductor bonding the metalwork and this is connected to a groundbed.  The electrodes for electrical grounding are often called ground rods and are often made from steel with a copper clad surface – typically 1 to 2 m long and  in diameter.  These are driven vertically into the ground and bonded together with bare copper wire. Other grounding electrodes may include buried solid plates, or a grid of buried wires, where soil conditions do not favor driven ground rods. Buried metallic piping systems, well casings or the reinforcing bars of concrete slabs in contact with the earth have all been used as grounding electrodes.

Soil conditioning 
Various materials may be placed around the ground rod to improve conductivity. These include:
 Ufer ground 
 Bentonite clay 
Marconite

Cathodic protection
In cathodic protection, the anode groundbed is the arrangement of anodes in the ground or water and it provides the path for protective current to leave the anodes and enter to electrolyte.

High voltage direct current systems
In a high voltage direct current transmission system, each converter station may be equipped with a substantial ground bed to facilitate earth return operation of the system. In normal operation of a bipolar HVDC system, current is carried on the two wires of the transmission line, but if a line fails or one converter fails, the earth return can be used to maintain partial operation.  Ground beds must be designed to accept considerable current ( on the order of 1000 amperes) for extending times, without drying out.  Ground return operation may cause objectionable earth currents that cause corrosion of other buried services such as pipelines. A short overhead power line may be run from the converter station to obtain the best location for a ground bed.

See also
Stray voltage
Earth potential rise

References 

Electric power
Strain. Strain may refer to:

Science and technology
 Strain (biology), variants of biological organisms
 Strain (chemistry), a chemical stress of a molecule
 Strain (injury), an injury to a muscle
 Strain (mechanics), a measure of deformation
 Filtration, separating fluids from solids by passing through a filter
 Percolation, of fluids through porous materials
 Psychological stress

Other uses
 straining, in cooking, by a strainer or sieve.
 Strain, a term in contract bridge

Proper names 
 Strain (surname)

Arts and media
 Strain (manga), 1996
 Strain (music), phrases of a piece
 Strain (album), 2004, by Flesh Field
 Strain: Strategic Armored Infantry, a 2006 anime
 Strain (film), a 2020 Nigerian drama

Places
 Strain, Arkansas, US, an unincorporated community
 Strain, Missouri, US, an unincorporated community

See also
 Overwork
 S Train (disambiguation)
 Strain theory (disambiguation)
 Strainer
 The Strain (disambiguation)
 Stressor
Greenfield status. Greenfield status (also known as "unrestricted re-use") is an end point wherein a parcel of land that had been in industrial use is, in principle, restored to the conditions existing before the construction of the plant.

All power plants—whether coal, gas, and nuclear—have a finite life beyond which it is no longer economical to operate them. At that point they are decommissioned; that is, they are dismantled and their components are disposed, either by sale or scrapping. In some cases the buildings that housed the plant may be put to other uses. However, in many cases contamination is unacceptable, and the buildings are demolished. The land on which the plant operated also may have been polluted with high levels of toxins, and in this case other remedial measures like removal and replacement of the top soil or clay capping may be required to render the site safe in perpetuity.

It is becoming standard practice in many jurisdictions to mandate a return to greenfield status at the end of plant service as a condition of the initial site license, and potential licensees must demonstrate that steps will be taken to assure the availability of funds via the posting of a reclamation bond for that task before a site license will be issued. While this concept has mainly applied to the power generating industry, it is coming into wider use in other areas of industrial decommissioning.

See also
Brownfield status
Environmental remediation
Greenfield land
Nuclear decommissioning

References

Remediation of Contaminated Areas: An Overview of International Guidance
Experiences and Techniques in the Decommissioning of Old Nuclear Power Plants 
RECLAMATION BONDS AND DEVELOPMENT

Urban studies and planning terminology
Cyberspace Electronic Security Act. The Cyberspace Electronic Security Act of 1999 (CESA) is a bill proposed by the Clinton administration during the 106th United States Congress that enables the government to harvest keys used in encryption. The Cyberspace Electronic Security Act gives law enforcement the ability to gain access to encryption keys and cryptography methods. The initial version of this act enabled federal law enforcement agencies to secretly use monitoring, electronic capturing equipment and other technologies to access and obtain information. These provisions were later stricken from the act, although federal law enforcement agencies still have a significant degree of latitude to conduct investigations relating to electronic information. The act generated discussion about what capabilities should be allowed to law enforcement in the detection of criminal activity. After vocal objections from civil liberties groups, the administration backed away from the controversial bill.

See also
Computer security

External links
The bill at CDT.com

United States federal commerce legislation
Encryption debate
Miles M.30. The Miles M.30 X-Minor was an experimental aircraft, designed by Miles Aircraft to evaluate the characteristics of blended fuselage and wing intersections.

Design and development
Begun in 1938, the X series of designs was Miles designation M.26, covering a wide range of aircraft designs from small feeder-liners to very large 8-engined transatlantic transports.

To investigate the design philosophy of the blended wing/body Miles was given a contract to design and build a sub-scale flying model of the X.9 design, which emerged as the M.30 X-Minor. The small size of the X Minor made it impossible to follow the buried engine design exactly; the engines were too large and had to be mounted externally, resulting in an aircraft similar in layout but differing in aerodynamics. The X Minor first flew in February 1942, providing Miles with useful data for several years. A larger scale prototype of the X transport was planned but never built.

Specifications (M.30 X-Minor)

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

 Amos, Peter. and Brown, Don Lambert. Miles Aircraft Since 1925, Volume 1. London: Putnam Aeronautical, 2000. .

External links

 Museum of Berkshire Aviation - Miles 30 page
 Eight-Engine, 55-Seat Plane to Have a 3,450-Mile Range Popular Mechanics August 1944

1940s British experimental aircraft
M.30
Aircraft first flown in 1942
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Shoulder-wing aircraft
Blended wing body
Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear
Carver Engineering and Science. Carver Engineering and Science (formerly George Washington Carver High School of Engineering and Science) is a secondary school in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Description
Carver Engineering and Science, which is operated by the School District of Philadelphia, handles grades 7 through 12. Carver Engineering and Science is a magnet school with a curriculum that specializes in science and technology, including a middle school program with 60 spaces for 8th grade and 60 spaces for 7th grade. The goal of the curriculum is to produce graduates who will be successful in their pursuit of higher education in specific subjects.

The High School of Engineering and Science was a dream of its founder and principal Dr. Alvin Garblik.  The first class began in 1979, and had a strict dress code and curriculum.

Those that were in the first class attended classes in Stauffer Hall, a ten-story building no longer in existence, then located at the Southeast corner of Broad Street and Columbia Avenue (now Cecil B. Moore Avenue) on the Temple University campus.  The school moved between the 1982–83 and 1983-84 school years to its current 17th and Norris location, which had previously been the George Washington Carver Elementary School.

It was Dr. Garblik's belief that students should come to school dressed and act in a way that modeled real life in the business world. Five years later, a student made a call to the ACLU, who had the requirement that boys wear neckties withdrawn, explaining to the administration at the time that they were violating the Philadelphia Public Schools Charter.

The first year students enjoyed higher end classes learning advanced Chinese, physics and computer sciences.

"High School of Engineering and Science is a small, nurturing, special-admissions school, seeking to attract academically-talented students who have an interest in science, engineering and technology."   --- The mission statement of High School of Engineering & Science

The School as of 2019, has also received 2 blue ribbon awards of excellence.

The principal is Darryl Johnson.

Notable people

Michael Anderson, professional basketball player
John Cox, Venezuelan-American professional basketball player
Gene Demby, NPR reporter and podcast host
Lynn Greer, professional basketball player
Keisha Hampton, WNBA basketball player
Marc Lamont Hill (born 1978), academic, television personality
Brittany Hrynko, WNBA basketball player

See also
 George Washington Carver

References

External links

Magnet schools in Pennsylvania
School District of Philadelphia
High schools in Philadelphia
Educational institutions established in 1979
Public high schools in Pennsylvania
1979 establishments in Pennsylvania
Lower North Philadelphia