omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Yarrow M-class destroyer. The Yarrow M class was a class of ten destroyers built for the Royal Navy that saw service during World War I. They were generally similar to the standard , but were instead designed by the builder, Yarrow & Company. Generally, they had two instead of three shafts, as well as two funnels and a straight stern, with the bridge set well back from the forecastle. The first trio were two knots faster than the Admiralty M type, despite less installed power and one less shaft; the installed power was increased for the later vessels.  Jane's Fighting Ships describes the class as "very successful boats", and all ten vessels survived throughout the war to be broken up during the 1920s. Moon, Mounsey and Musketeer were each fitted to carry a kite balloon.

Pre-war ships purchased 1913 
Three vessels already building by Yarrow were purchased in March 1913 as part of the pre-war 1913–14 programme.
  – Begun October 1912, launched 27 May 1914, and completed August 1914. Sold for breaking up 26 October 1921.
  – Begun October 1912, launched 6 August 1914, and completed October 1914. Sold for breaking up 31 August 1920.
  – Begun October 1912, launched 12 October 1914, and completed November 1914. Sold for breaking up 26 October 1921.

Ships ordered under the War Emergency Programme 
Four vessels were ordered in September 1914.
  – Begun September 1914, launched 23 April 1915, and completed June 1915. Sold for breaking up 9 May 1921.
  – Begun September 1914, launched 26 June 1915, and completed August 1915. Sold for breaking up 1 December 1921.
  – Begun September 1914, launched 11 September 1915, and completed November 1915. Sold for breaking up 8 November 1921.
  – Begun September 1914, launched 12 November 1915, and completed December 1915. Sold for breaking up 25 November 1921.
One vessel was ordered in early November 1914.
  – Begun November 1914, launched 9 February 1916, and completed March 1916. Sold for breaking up 15 November 1921.
Two vessels were ordered in May 1915.
  – Begun May 1915, launched 15 April 1916, and completed May 1916. Sold for breaking up 5 November 1926.
  – Begun May 1915, launched 14 June 1916, and completed September 1916. Sold for breaking up 13 July 1926.

Seven destroyers to an amended Yarrow design were ordered in August 1915 and later (see ).

Bibliography
Destroyers of the Royal Navy, 1893–1981, Maurice Cocker, 1983, Ian Allan 
Jane's Fighting Ships, 1919, Jane's Publishing
Ships of the Royal Navy, J.J.Colledge
British Destroyers, 1892–1953, Edgar J. March
The Metal Fighting Ships, 1860–1970, E.H.H. Archibald

References

M class destroyer Yarrow
 
Ship classes of the Royal Navy
Arrowwood National Wildlife Refuge Complex. The Arrowwood National Wildlife Refuge Complex consists of numerous National Wildlife Refuges and Wetland Management Districts in the U.S. state of North Dakota. Altogether, twelve separate areas are in the complex, with the Chase Lake Prairie Project being the largest at .

Description

A National Wildlife Refuge Complex is an administrative grouping of two or more refuges, wetland management districts or other refuge conservation areas that are primarily managed from a central office location. Refuges are grouped into a complex structure because they occur in a similar ecological region, such as a watershed or specific habitat type, and have a related purpose and management needs.

The Complex is responsible for the management of all National Wildlife Refuge System lands in nine counties in east central North Dakota. Additionally, the Chase Lake Prairie Project, a component of the North American Waterfowl Management Plan, includes 5.5 million acres in 11 counties. The Headquarters for the Complex is located on Arrowwood National Wildlife Refuge near Pingree, North Dakota. The two other offices are the Chase Lake Prairie Project near Woodworth, North Dakota and the Valley City Wetland Management District near Valley City, North Dakota.

Lands managed
The protected areas managed include:

 Arrowwood National Wildlife Refuge
 Johnson Lake National Wildlife Refuge (easement refuge)
 Arrowwood Wetland Management District
 Chase Lake National Wildlife Refuge
 Chase Lake Wetland Management District
 Half-way Lake National Wildlife Refuge (easement refuge)
 Valley City Wetland Management District
 Hobart Lake National Wildlife Refuge (easement refuge)
 Sibley Lake National Wildlife Refuge (easement refuge)
 Stoney Slough National Wildlife Refuge (easement refuge)
 Tomahawk National Wildlife Refuge (easement refuge)

References

National Wildlife Refuges in North Dakota
Thomas Keys Residence. The Thomas E. Keys Residence is a house in Rochester, Minnesota designed by Frank Lloyd Wright and built with earth berms in 1950. The design is based on a previous Wright design for a cooperative in Detroit, Michigan, which never materialized due to the onset of World War II. The house is an example of Wright's Usonian genre of architecture, a style he envisioned to meet the needs of middle-class families desiring a more refined architecture for their homes. The home had three bedrooms and one bathroom, and is constructed with concrete block. It is based on a square module of four feet on a side. Architect (and former Wright apprentice) John H. "Jack" Howe converted the home's carport into a guest bedroom and bath in 1970.

The house is located at 1217 Skyline Dr SW, a short distance from two other Wright designs, the A. H. Bulbulian Residence and the James McBean Residence.

See also
 List of Frank Lloyd Wright works

References

 Storrer, William Allin. The Frank Lloyd Wright Companion. University Of Chicago Press, 2006,  (S.321)

External links
Site with exterior photographs house

Keys Residence
Keys Residence
Keys Residence
Keys
CodePlex. CodePlex was a forge website by Microsoft. While it was active, it allowed shared development of open-source software. Its features included wiki pages, source control based on Mercurial, TFVC, Subversion or Git, discussion forums, issue tracking, project tagging, RSS support, statistics, and releases.

While CodePlex once encompassed a wide variety of projects, including SQL Server, WPF and Windows Forms-related projects, its major activities were focused on .NET Framework (including ASP.NET) and SharePoint. The most prominent and used project that was born inside CodePlex, the AJAX Control Toolkit, is a joint project between the community and Microsoft.

History 
The initial beta started in May 2006, with the final release a month later in June. A new version of the website was released every three weeks adding additional features and updates.

In 2010, an unrelated CodePlex Foundation was renamed Outercurve Foundation to clear up confusion that there was a direct relationship between the foundation and CodePlex, which is solely owned and run by Microsoft.

Since January 22, 2010, Mercurial distributed source control system has been supported as well, and this support has been enhanced. On March 21, 2012, CodePlex announced the support of Git as a source control option.

On March 31, 2017, Microsoft announced the discontinuation of CodePlex. The original plan was to make CodePlex read-only in October 2017 before finally shutting it down on December 15, 2017. Microsoft partnered with GitHub to allow projects to be migrated to the service. An archive was available as a lightweight site to browse the projects that remain, in a read-only mode. The projects could be downloaded or transferred to GitHub or a similar place. Microsoft finally shut down the archive on October 21, 2021.

See also 
List of free software project directories
Comparison of source-code-hosting facilities

References

External links 

"OuterCurve Foundation - about"

Project hosting websites
Microsoft websites
Discontinued open-source software hosting facilities
SpaceQuest. AAC SpaceQuest (also known as SpaceQuest, Ltd.), a wholly owned subsidiary of AAC Clyde Space, is a spacecraft components and engineering company located in Fairfax, Virginia, which focuses on the operations of small satellites.

The company designs, develops, constructs, launches, and operates microsatellites and spacecraft components. SpaceQuest qualifies its components for use in space by flying them on its own satellites.   They also operate a fleet of low earth orbiting satellites, which are used for remote monitoring as well as tracking the location and status of large vessels at sea.

SpaceQuest's customers include US and foreign universities, NASA, the US Air Force, the Canadian Space Agency, commercial aerospace companies, and foreign developers of microsatellites.  Some of their projects include:

 FalconSAT 3 & 5, satellites developed by cadets at the U.S. Air Force Academy.
 AprizeSat 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10 commercial communications satellites for SpaceQuest
 ExactView 6,7
 AO-51, amateur radio satellite.
 Genesis I and Genesis II, inflatable space habitats Bigelow Aerospace.
 Thea and Brio, launched in December 2018 on Spaceflight's SSO-A mission, a pair of 3U cubesats hosting experimental payloads for commercial customers.

On October 15, 2020, AAC Clyde Space announced that an agreement had been reached to acquire all shares in SpaceQuest Ltd. The acquisition was completed in December 2020.

References

External links 
 SpaceQuest website

Amateur radio companies
Companies based in Fairfax, Virginia
American companies established in 1994
Spacecraft manufacturers
Marc Rosenbaum. Marc Rosenbaum, P.E., is an American engineer notable for his work on the design of energy-efficient sustainable architecture.

Rosenbaum studied mechanical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he earned BS and MS degrees. He has been involved in the design of a number of notable sustainable energy projects.

Rosenbaum built his first superinsulated house in Meriden, New Hampshire in 1978. The design process of the Meriden house was extraordinary, driven by the goal of heating the house with one cord of wood per year. Even today this is an uncommon, yet highly reasonable approach to designing a high performance residence.

In 1979, Rosenbaum cofounded Energysmiths with Daniel Ingold.

As of 2014, he was director of engineering at South Mountain Company on Martha's Vineyard in Massachusetts, and he also taught a course on designing net-zero energy buildings.

References

External links
Link to Energysmiths website
Personal Web log entries 2011- via Typepad
Marc's Oct. 2023 episode of the Taunton Press Fine Homebuilding podcast

American sustainability advocates
MIT School of Engineering alumni
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
American company founders
Thames A-class rater. The Thames A Class Rater is both a historic and modern specialist sailing craft designed for the particular conditions at Thames Sailing Club, on the River Thames at Surbiton in England. The class is a development of the Half Rater, which was designed by Linton Hope and Alfred Burgoyne in 1907. The rules refer to the craft as a yacht.

The rig is lofty, supported by standing rigging and usually by runners, and the hull is a scow with metal centreplate.

All boats built before 1922 are made from wood whilst those built since are of a different construction.

The rater is extremely fast, planes easily, and is a technically highly challenging boat to sail in anything above moderate wind conditions.  It is usually sailed with a crew of three.

Raters have traditionally commuted by river under tow between Thames Sailing Club at Surbiton and Upper Thames Sailing Club at Bourne End, Buckinghamshire.

Where raters sail

 Thames Sailing Club
 Upper Thames Sailing Club
 Yangon Sailing Club
 Regattas

Mixed in with large fleets of other boats, the raters are usually seen at the following regattas with very tight, close quarters racing.

Tamesis Easter Regatta - Tamesis Club at , racing between Teddington Lock and Kingston Railway Bridge.
The Bourne End Week regatta at Upper Thames Sailing Club (seen as the Raters 'national' championships)

Handicap

Unusually, for a class designed about a rule allowing wide variation in most design parameters, individual boats are handicapped.

Handicaps will be determined by a handicap committee consisting of the Rater Captain, plus the fastest and slowest helms in the FRP and wooden fleets respectively, based on the results of the most recent Thames Championship. In the event that the Rater Captain is one of the latter four, the closest helm to the Rater Captain in their category shall also be co-opted to the committee.

This committee will meet two or three times a year to decide the handicap of all boats.

The overriding principle that the committee will work to is to encourage the older and slower boats to compete.

The Queens Cup
Presented by Queen Victoria in 1893 the race is set to be nine miles with a four-hour time limit. The race takes place on the final day of Bourne End week and is considered the most prestigious race that the raters compete in.

References 

Dinghies
Scows
Development sailing classes
Network Chemistry. Network Chemistry was a Wi-Fi security startup based in Redwood City, California. The firm was founded in 2002 by several co-founders including Gary Ramah, Rob Markovich and Dr. Christopher Waters and is backed by venture capital firms such as San Francisco-based Geneva Venture Partners, Innovacom and In-Q-Tel, the investment arm of the CIA. 

The company sold products such as RFprotect Distributed, a wireless intrusion detection system; RFprotect Endpoint, a laptop security product; and RFprotect Mobile, a portable tool for analyzing network security.  The final product was RFprotect Scanner, a wired-side rogue access point detection and mitigation system utilizing patent-pending device fingerprinting technology.

Network Chemistry also created the Wireless Vulnerabilities and Exploits  database, which is the result of a collaborative industry effort to catalog and define exploits and vulnerabilities specifically related to the use of wireless technologies in IT networks.

The wireless security business of Network Chemistry was sold to Aruba Networks (NASDAQ: ARUN) in July 2007.

External links

“Network Chem Gets $6 million” April 2005 article on RedHerring.com
 
American companies established in 2002
American companies disestablished in 2007
Computer companies established in 2002
Computer companies disestablished in 2007
Defunct computer hardware companies
Defunct computer companies of the United States
Networking hardware companies
Computer to film. Computer to film (CTF) is a print workflow involving printing of a design file from a computer straight to a film through an imagesetter. Designs are typically created in desktop publishing software packages. An imagesetter is an ultra-high resolution large-format computer output device for CTF.

For multi-coloured printing, the image is broken up into multiple layers representing each of the spot colors or the CMYK process colors, this may be split manually by the designer or separated by software in the imagesetter itself. Each color is made into its own piece of film and plate.  There can be 12 or more colors used in a single production run; however, 1-6 colors are typical.

From the imagesetter, the film is taken to the plate maker, where the film is laid on top of photopolymer plate material. A vacuum is then drawn to ensure tight contact between the plate and film, the plate is then exposed with UV light. The plate is then washed in a solvent solution, typically water, where the unexposed areas wash away leaving a relief. It is then dried and given a second and final exposure without the film for durability. The plate can then be fitted onto an offset, rotary or flexographic printing press ready to print the product. A printing plate can produce 100,000 impressions or more before showing signs of wear, after which a new plate can be made from the original film. 

With advances in the technology of heat stabilization of polyester film, new-generation laser printer films provide excellent image registration and sharpness for multi-colour jobs.  

Computer to film is being replaced by the more advanced computer to plate (CTP) technology.

References

Printing terminology
Print production
Microtron. A microtron is a type of particle accelerator concept originating from the cyclotron in which the accelerating field is not applied through large D-shaped electrodes, but through a linear accelerator structure. The classic microtron was invented by Vladimir Veksler around 1944. 
The kinetic energy of the particles is increased by a constant amount per field change (one half or a whole revolution). Microtrons are designed to operate at constant field frequency and magnetic field in the ultrarelativistic limit. Thus they are especially suited for very light elementary particles, namely electrons.

In a microtron, due to the electrons' increasing momentum, the particle paths are different for each pass. The time needed for that is proportional to the pass number. The slow electrons need one electric field oscillation, the faster electrons need an integer multiple of this oscillation.

Racetrack microtron

A racetrack microtron is a larger-scale microtron which uses two electromagnets instead of one. Both electromagnets supply a homogeneous magnetic field in a half-circle formed region, and the particles path between both magnets is thus straight. One advantage of this is that the accelerator cavity can be larger, enabling the use of different linear accelerator (linac) forms, and is not installed in a region with large magnetic fields.

The linac is placed near the edge of the gap between the dee-shaped magnets. The remainder of the gap is used for focusing devices. The electron is readmitted to the linac after each revolution. This procedure can be repeated until the increasing radius of the particle's path makes further acceleration impossible. The particle beam is then deflected into an experiment area or a further accelerator stage.
The world's largest racetrack-microtron is the Mainz Microtron.

Applications 
Microtrons provide high-energy electron beams with a low beam emittance (no radiation equilibrium) and a high repetition rate (equal to the operation frequency of the linac).

References

Accelerator physics
Soviet inventions
VMGR-452. Marine Aerial Refueler Transport Squadron 452 (VMGR-452) was a reserve United States Marine Corps cargo squadron that previously flew the Lockheed Martin KC-130J.  The squadron fell under the command of Marine Aircraft Group 49 (MAG-49) and the 4th Marine Aircraft Wing (4th MAW). The squadron, known as the "Yankees", was stationed at Stewart Air National Guard Base, New York.

Mission
Support Fleet Marine Force commitments worldwide by providing both fixed-wing and rotary-wing aerial refueling capabilities in addition to assault air transport of personnel, equipment, and supplies.

History

Global War on Terror
Following the September 11, 2001 attacks, 62 reservists were activated in order to support Operation Enduring Freedom on 28 January 2002.  The activated reservists along with numerous active duty Marines from MAG-49 Detachment B were consolidated to create a Detachment A (Det A).  This detachment would be part of the 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing and would be accompanied by four VMGR-452 aircraft.  They supported operations in the Mediterranean, Horn of Africa, and the Middle East.  The primary mission was to support the 22nd, 24th, and 26th Marine Expeditionary Units.

On 14 January 2003, the squadron was once again called up to support Operation Iraqi Freedom.  The remainder of the reserves were activated for this operation.  Seven aircraft along with pilots, aircrew, and support Marines went to Bahrain to join two other KC130 squadrons.  These squadrons were VMGR-234 and VMGR-352.  The three squadrons would join to create the Hercules Air Group (HAG).  While being a part of the HAG, VMGR-452 supported Operation Southern Watch by doing aerial refueling for aircraft patrolling the southern no-fly zone.  Once Operation Iraqi Freedom commenced, the squadron transported over 3 million pounds of cargo, distributed over 3.5 million pounds of fuel in aerial refueling, over 1 million pounds of fuel for Rapid Ground Refuelers (RGRs), transported over 3,000 pax, and flew 632 sorties consisting of 1371.0 hrs.  VMGR-452 also contributed in medical evacuations, and helped transport the seven prisoners-of-war out of harm's way.

On 2 December 2022, the squadron was deactivated in support of Force Design 2030.

2017 Crash 

On 10 July 2017, one of VMGR-452's KC-130T aircraft took off from Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, North Carolina, and crashed later that afternoon in Mississippi, killing all 16 personnel onboard.

See also

 United States Marine Corps Aviation
 List of active United States Marine Corps aircraft squadrons
 List of inactive United States Marine Corps aircraft squadrons

Notes

References

Bibliography

External links
 VMGR-452's official website
 Marine Corps Air Transport Association

Military units and formations in New York (state)
4th Marine Aircraft Wing
KC-130
Easement refuge. An easement refuge is a special type of National Wildlife Refuge under the auspices of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS). Such refuges exist on privately owned land, with the law of easements guaranteeing their status.

On an easement refuge, the Refuge boundaries encompass private land and the Fish and Wildlife Service does not own the land. Instead, through the use of a conservation easement, the FWS maintains the water rights and the right to restrict "hunting , trapping and willful disturbance of any bird or wild animal of any kind whatsoever within the limits of the refuge or to enter thereon...". However, the private landowner reserves the right to hay, graze, burn and manage the land with only minimal intervention from the Service.

References

United States Fish and Wildlife Service
Cherbourg Maritime station. Cherbourg's Gare Maritime or Gare Maritime Transatlantique was a railway station at the end of the railway line from Paris' Gare Saint-Lazare and of the short branch from Cherbourg's main station.

Measurements

The complex consisted of the transatlantic hall, a two-storey building through which passengers boarded ocean liners using nine footbridges, as well as with a plethora of amenities:
Passenger concourse
Post office
Offices of each shipping company.
The hall is 240m long and constitutes the bulk of the complex, thirty four concrete arches carrying the copper and glass rooftop.

As the station is 93m wide, it was at the time of building the second largest construction in France after Palace of Versailles and covered 2 hectares. As well as the size of the construction mentioned, a 70m tall clock tower was built.

Along the hall was a 500m long covered gallery used for embarkment and dis-embarkment of passengers.

The station was divided in two parts and on the transatlantique side; two ships could berth and empty a thousand passengers into the station in an hour. On the Railway side, up to seven trains a day would take passengers to Paris in 3½ hours.

History
The station building was designed by René Levavasseur. It was inaugurated on 30 July 1933 by Albert Lebrun, the President of the French Republic.  Gare Maritime de Cherbourg saw intense activity during World War II, although it was partially destroyed in 1944. It was in heavy use during the 1950s and 1960s.  The buildings were listed in December 1989 and constitute the last surviving example of 1930s maritime architecture in Cherbourg. The station closed in the 1990s.

Cité de la Mer
In 1996 an architectural competition was announced for design proposals to transform the building into a naval museum, after it ceased railway station operations. A project design, respecting the original building, was adopted in 1997. Work began in 1999.  The Cité de la Mer museum was completed and opened in 2002.

Cruise terminal
In 2006, a Cherbourg cruise terminal was inaugurated in the harbour nearby.

See also

References

Defunct railway stations in Normandy
Cherbourg-Octeville
Railway stations in France opened in 1933
Railway stations in France closed in 1995