omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Mythe Water Treatment Works. The Mythe Water Treatment Works in Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire, England, is a facility that treats water drawn from the River Severn.

On 1 March 2002, Severn Trent Water worked with local councillors to create an emergency plan that was supposed to ensure that in a state of emergency their services would not be affected.

It came to national attention in July 2007 when it became inundated with water from the River Severn during the Summer 2007 United Kingdom floods. The water coming into the plant was contaminated, and this led to the loss of tap water for approximately 150,000 people in Cheltenham, Gloucester and Tewkesbury.

Following the flooding, a variety of measures have been taken, including a  high wall, to reduce the likelihood of recurrence.

References

External links

Severn Trent report on Mythe Flooding 2007

Buildings and structures in Tewkesbury
Water treatment facilities
History of Gloucestershire
Isaacs Spitfire. 

The Isaacs Spitfire is a single seat homebuilt sporting aircraft design created by John O. Isaacs, a former Supermarine employee and retired schoolmaster and designer of the Isaacs Fury, as a 6/10th scale replica of a Supermarine Spitfire. Its first flight was on 5 May 1975.

As per the original Spitfire, the Isaacs Spitfire was a cantilever low-wing monoplane of semi-elliptical planform. The twin spar wing was built in one piece, mainly of spruce with birch plywood skin. The fuselage was of identical construction. The landing gear is fixed and included a tailwheel.

Plans are available for sale to home constructors.

Specifications

See also

References

 
 

Spitfire
1970s British sport aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Single-engined piston aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Homebuilt aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1975
Replicas of Supermarine Spitfires
Wide area application services. Cisco Wide Area Application Services (WAAS) is technology developed by Cisco Systems  that optimizes the performance of any TCP-based application operating in a wide area network (WAN) environment while preserving and strengthening branch security. WAAS combines WAN optimization, acceleration of TCP-based applications, and Cisco's Wide Area File Services (WAFS) in a single appliance or blade. It is Cisco's attempt to keep WAN optimization residing firmly in the router, eliminating the need to deploy acceleration appliances throughout the infrastructure. The technology preserves TCP information within the network while offering the performance benefits that come along with using WAN optimization technology.

WAN optimization appliances have traditionally limited IT when it comes to maintaining functions such as security, quality of service, visibility, and monitoring end-to-end transactions because they tend to cause problems for most network monitoring devices and tools. By design, WAN Optimization “confuses” performance monitoring systems by changing packet header data.

Latest Release 
Cisco's latest WAAS software release, announced at the 2007 Cisco Networkers conference, is the industry's first solution for both end-to-end monitoring and acceleration of application traffic.

Notes

References
 http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps5680/Products_Sub_Category_Home.html
 http://www.networkworld.com/supp/2007/ndc4/061807-cisco-app-optimization.html?nlhtc=0618ciscoalert1&
 http://money.cnn.com/news/newsfeeds/articles/marketwire/0281495.htm
 WAAS up with Cisco's WAN Optimization Initiative?

Wide area networks
Network performance
Cisco products
USS Tackle. USS Tackle (ARS-37) was a  acquired by the U.S. Navy during World War II. She served in North Atlantic waters, and returned home at war's end with two battle stars.

Acquisition for the war effort 
Built as SS W. R. Chamberlain, Jr. in 1912 by the Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Co., Newport News, Virginia, the ship was owned and operated by the shipping company W. R. Chamberlin & Company. of Portland, Oregon.

The ship was acquired through the War Shipping Administration in 1943. She was renamed USS Tackle (ARS-37) on 8 June 1943; was taken over by the Navy at Oran, Algeria, on 19 June 1943; and commissioned on 5 August 1943 at Palermo, Sicily.

World War II North Atlantic Operations 
Tackle was assigned to the Salvage Force, U.S. 6th Fleet, and operated between Algerian ports until early 1944. She took a load of salvage equipment to Bizerte, Tunisia, on 30 March and moved to Palermo, Sicily, on 4 April. The ship shuttled between Sicily, Naples, and North African ports until mid-August.

Invasion of southern France operations 
Tackle sailed with Task Force 84, on 21 August, to participate in the landings in southern France. She arrived at Cavalaire-sur-Mer on the 24th and moved to Port-de-Bouc on 1 September.

Damaged by an exploding mine 
On 4 September, Tackle was being towed to the fueling and watering berth in the Basin Petrolier by the French tug Provencal. At 14:25 hours, a mine exploded between the two ships. The French tug was sunk, and Tackle suffered considerable damage to her port side and engine rooms. She was towed to Toulon on the 8th for temporary repairs and, five days later, thence to Palermo. Permanent repairs were completed there on 20 October, and she sailed for Toulon five days later.

Tackle made a voyage from Algeria to Marseilles in November and spent December 1944 shuttling between Algerian ports. On 30 January 1945, she returned to Marseilles. Her designation was changed to ARS(T)-4 (Salvage Craft Tender) on 1 February. The ship steamed to Palermo on the 13th. While she was there, her designation was changed to IX-217 (Miscellaneous Unclassified). She returned to Algeria on 20 March.

Too damaged to remain in service 
Tackle stood out of Oran on 17 April en route to the United States. She arrived at Norfolk, Virginia, on 18 May; and, on 27 June, it was determined that the ship was unfit for further naval service. Tackle was decommissioned on 13 September and struck from the Navy list on 11 October 1945. Her ultimate fate is unknown.

Awards 
Tackle received two battle stars for World War II service.

References

External links 
 NavSource Online: Service Ship Photo Archive - ARS-37 / ARST-4 / IX-217 Tackle

World War II auxiliary ships of the United States
1912 ships
Ships built in Newport News, Virginia
Consulting-Specifying Engineer. Consulting-Specifying Engineer () is a trade publication and website owned by CFE Media, serving the information needs of engineering personnel who perform various consulting engineering activities.

The magazine is published monthly and covers Consulting-Specifying Engineering subjects, such as: Mechanical, Electrical, Plumbing, Lighting, Fire and Life Safety, and Controls/BAS Engineering. Other subject areas include Career and Engineering trends, Codes and Standards, and Convention coverage.

Consulting-Specifying Engineer publishes several programs throughout each year:
40 Under 40 - A program which features 40 consulting-specifying engineers under the age of 40.
MEP Giants - A program which ranks the 100 largest mechanical/electrical/plumbing consulting firms in the United States.
Product of the Year - A program which receives products from ten categories across the Consulting-Specifying field and allows for readers to vote for their favorites.

History
Consulting-Specifying Engineer has existed since 1987 in its current form, a combination of two monthly, older publications: Consulting Engineer (dating back to 1952) and Actual Specifying Engineer (to 1958).

In April 2010, former owner Reed Business Information announced the magazine's closure; later that month, Control Engineering, Consulting-Specifying Engineer and Plant Engineering were acquired by a new company, CFE Media LLC.

, total BPA circulation was 46,714 engineer subscribers employed by consulting, engineer/architectural, design/build firms, or in-house engineers.

References
BPA Worldwide

External links
Consulting-Specifying Engineer website
CFE Media LLC website

Business magazines published in the United States
Monthly magazines published in the United States
Engineering magazines
Magazines established in 1952
Magazines published in Illinois
Professional and trade magazines
Bubnoff unit. The Bubnoff unit (abbreviated B) is a unit of speed defined as 1 micron per year. In other words, 1 B is equal to 1 meter in 1,000,000 years or 1 millimeter in 1 millennium. It was defined in 1969.

The Bubnoff unit is employed in geology to measure rates of lowering of earth surfaces due to erosion and is named after the Russian (German-Baltic) geologist Serge von Bubnoff (1888–1957). An erosion speed of 1 B also means that 1 m3 of earth is being removed from an area of 1 km2 in 1 year. Compared to everyday phenomena, erosion is under most circumstances (excluding rapid events like landslides) an extremely slow process, calling for such a specialized unit. For instance, the current average rate of erosion over the Earth's landmasses has been estimated at 30 B (30 m in a million years). There are, however, great regional differences in erosion speed. As an extreme example, the watershed area of the Semani River in Albania is eroding at a rate of almost 3000 B (3 millimeters per year), the river having been estimated to transport about 4600 tons of earth per year from the average square kilometer in its watershed.

The Bubnoff unit was introduced because of a desire for a standard unit to replace the multitude of units in use, such as feet per year, centimeters per year, meters per decade, and so on. One criticism leveled was that by introducing the Bubnoff unit, it would obscure the rate of erosion behind a unit no one besides specialists understood.

1 m/s is equal to approximately  B.

References

Non-SI metric units
Units of velocity
Geomorphology
Joy Compressor. Joy Compressors were first introduced in 1955 when the Joy Manufacturing Company hired four engineers and set them up in an office over a hardware store in Western New York. Within a short period of time, a farmer's field in Cheektowaga, New York was purchased for a test site. The early years were spent in R&D with the development of various types of turbo machinery including gas turbines, steam turbines, axial flow compressors, in-line centrifugal compressors and integral gear centrifugal compressors.

In 1960, the Joy facility was transformed into a full-fledged manufacturing factory focused on producing integrally geared centrifugal air compressors which produced oil free air flow.

The 1970s saw Joy compressors grow in the US domestic market with much focus on engineered custom compressors for refineries and air separation.
Joy centrifugal compressors are operated in dozens of applications throughout the world and are integral to the following industries: auto, glass, textiles, petrochemical, snow making, electronics, food, industrial gases, chemical, refining, and energy.

References

External links
Fluid-Aire Dynamics
Cameron International

Gas compressors
Ingersoll Rand
Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov LaGG-1. The Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov LaGG-1 () was a Soviet fighter aircraft of World War II. Although not very successful, it formed the basis for a series of aircraft that would eventually become some of the most formidable Soviet fighters of the war.

Design and development
The LaGG-1 was designed in 1938 by Semyon Lavochkin,  and  of design bureau OKB-301 in Khimki to the north-west of Moscow. It was designed as a light-weight aircraft  around the Klimov M-105 engine and built out of laminated wood to save on strategic materials. The first prototype flew on March 30, 1940, and once some initial difficulties had been worked out of the design, proved to be promising, if somewhat short of what its designers had hoped for. By this stage, however, the need to modernise the Soviet Air Force had been made plain by recent losses in the Winter War with Finland, and the aircraft, initially designated I-22 was ordered into production. Some 100 aircraft were sent to evaluation squadrons, where their shortcomings quickly became obvious. The new fighter proved clearly underpowered. It lacked agility and range. Furthermore, while the prototypes  were carefully handmade and finished, the mass-produced examples were comparatively crude.

The subsequent modifications undertaken by Lavochkin's OKB would result at last in the LaGG-3.

Operators

 Soviet Air Force

Specifications (LaGG-1)

See also

References

Further reading
 Abanshin, Michael E. and Gut, Nina. Fighting Lavochkin, Eagles of the East No.1. Lynnwood, WA: Aviation International, 1993. ISBN unknown.
 Chant, Chris. Aerei della Seconda Guerra Mondiale. Roma, L'Airone, 2008. .
 Gordon, Yefim. Lavochkin's Piston-Engined Fighters (Red Star Volume 10). Earl Shilton, Leicester, UK: Midland Publishing Ltd., 2003. .
 Gordon, Yefim and Khazanov, Dmitri. Soviet Combat Aircraft of the Second World War, Volume One: Single-Engined Fighters. Earl Shilron, Leicester, UK: Midland Publishing Ltd., 1998. .
 Green, William. Warplanes of the Second World War, Volume Three: Fighters. London: Macdonald & Co. (Publishers) Ltd., 1961 (seventh impression 1973). .
 Green, William and Swanborough, Gordon. WW2 Aircraft Fact Files: Soviet Air Force Fighters, Part 1. London: Macdonald and Jane's Publishers Ltd., 1977. .
 Keskinen, Kalevi; Stenman, Kari and Niska, Klaus. Venäläiset Hävittäjät (Suomen Ilmavoimien Historia 7) (in Finnish with English Summary). Espoo, Finland: Tietoteos, 1977. .
 Leonard, Herbert. Encyclopaedia of Soviet Fighters 1939-1951. Paris: Histoire & Collections. 2005. 
 Stapfer, Hans-Heiri. LaGG Fighters in Action (Aircraft in Action Number 163). Carrollton, TX: Squadron/Signal Publications, Inc., 1996. .

Lavochkin aircraft
1930s Soviet fighter aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1940
Aircraft with retractable conventional landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
Siemens-Schuckert D.III. The Siemens-Schuckert D.III was a German single-seat fighter built by Siemens-Schuckert Werke. The D.III was a development of the earlier Siemens-Schuckert D.IIc prototype. The D.III was an (nearly) equal-span biplane powered by a 160 hp (119 kW) Siemens-Halske Sh.III bi-rotary engine. Idflieg placed an order for 20 aircraft in December 1917, followed by a second order of 30 aircraft in February 1918.

Operational history
Approximately 41 D.IIIs were delivered to frontline units between April and May 1918. Most aircraft were supplied to Jagdgeschwader II, whose pilots were enthusiastic about the new aircraft's handling and rate of climb. After only seven to 10 hours of service, however, the Sh.III engines started showing serious problems with overheating and piston seizure. The problem was later traced to the Voltol mineral oil that was used to replace the now-scarce castor oil. Furthermore, the close-fitting engine cowling provided inadequate cooling to the engine.

In late May 1918, Jagdgeschwader II replaced its D.IIIs with the older Fokker Dr.I. The remaining D.III aircraft were returned to the Siemens-Schuckert factory, where they were retrofitted with new Sh.IIIa engines, an enlarged rudder, and cutaway cowlings that provided improved airflow. A further 30 new production D.IIIs incorporated these modifications. Total production amounted to 80 aircraft.

In July 1918, the D.III returned to active service as an interceptor with home defense squadrons. By this time, the D.III had been replaced in production by the Siemens-Schuckert D.IV.

Operators

Luftstreitkräfte

Swiss Air Force

Specifications

References

Notes

Bibliography
 Gray, Peter and Owen Thetford. German Aircraft of the First World War. London: Putnam, 1962. .
 Green, William and Gordon Swanborough. The Complete Book of Fighters. London: Salamander Books, 1994. . 
 VanWyngarden, Greg. Jagdgeschwader Nr II Geschwader 'Berthold' (Aviation Elite Units No. 19). Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2005. .

1910s German fighter aircraft
D.III
Sesquiplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1917
Rotary-engined aircraft
Widerøe Polar. The Widerøe C.5 Polar, sometimes known as the Honningstad C.5 Polar, was a Norwegian general-purpose land or floatplane built by Widerøes Flyveselskap.

Design and development
The Norwegian airline Widerøe decided in the late 1940s to design and build a general-purpose aircraft for its own use. Built in the airline's workshops, the Widerøe C.5 Polar was a braced high-wing monoplane which could be operated on floats, skis, or wheels. It had an enclosed cabin for a pilot and up to five passengers, and the passenger seats were removable to enable the aircraft to be used for freight or as an air ambulance. The first C.5 Polar was built and flown in 1948.

Operational history
A small number of aircraft entered service with the Widerøes Flyveselskap airline.

Operators

Widerøes Flyveselskap

Specifications (Polar landplane)

References

Citations

Bibliography

Further reading 

1940s Norwegian civil utility aircraft
Floatplanes
Polar
High-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1948
Semiconductor International. Semiconductor International () was a trade publication and web site owned by Reed Business Information serving the information needs of manufacturers of semiconductors and integrated circuits.

The editor-in-chief was Pete Singer.
 
Established in 1978, Semiconductor International was published monthly. Regular news and feature articles covered topics including Wafer Processing, Lithography, Yield Management, Metrology, Semiconductor Packaging and Wafer Cleaning.

Semiconductor International broadcast technology webcasts each month coinciding with the print cover story for that month. In December, they broadcast an additional industry forecast webcast. Other webcasts were added to the lineup as the need arises.

As of December 2006, total BPA audited circulation was 42,500 subscribers. The issue published on April 30, 2010 was the last issue of the magazine.

References

BPA Worldwide

External links
Semiconductor International website

Business magazines published in the United States
Monthly magazines published in the United States
Defunct magazines published in the United States
Engineering magazines
Magazines established in 1978
Magazines disestablished in 2010
Magazines published in Illinois
Professional and trade magazines
Breda A.2. The Breda A.2 was a small sport and touring aircraft developed in Italy in 1921.

Design and development
An advanced design for its time, the A.2 was a low-wing cantilever monoplane with fixed tailskid undercarriage. The pilot and passenger sat in tandem, open cockpits. Originally powered by an inverted inline engine  of 97 kW (130 hp), a more powerful version was developed with a 187 kW (250 hp) engine as a reconnaissance aircraft.

Operators

Specifications (variant)

References

 
 

A.2
1920s Italian sport aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1921
Carl Ell. Carl Stephens Ell (November 14, 1887 – April 17, 1981) was the second president of Northeastern University in Boston, Massachusetts, from 1940 to 1959.

He was born in Staunton, Indiana on November 14, 1887, son of Jacob and Alice (Stephens) Ell. His education included an A.B. in 1909 from DePauw University, a S.B. in 1911 and M.S. in 1912 in Civil Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and an Ed.M. in 1932 from Harvard University. He married Etta May Kinnear on June 10, 1913, and had one daughter, Dorothy. He began teaching at Northeastern in 1910, was dean of the School of Engineering 1917–1940, vice president 1925–1940, and president from 1940 to 1958. He remained affiliated with the university until his death on April 17, 1981.

The university named two buildings after Ell: the Ell Center (now the Curry Student Center) and Ell Hall.

During his presidency, he led the university through a period of physical expansion as well as the development of Northeastern's various colleges, the growth of its co-op program, student population, evening education, and educational status.

References
 The Carl Stephens Ell papers, 1912–1981 are located in the Northeastern University Libraries, Archives and Special Collections Department, Boston, MA.
 "Carl Stephens Ell" Obituary, Boston Globe, April 19, 1981, p. 1

External links
 Photograph of Ell from the Northeastern University Web site

1887 births
DePauw University alumni
MIT School of Engineering alumni
Harvard Graduate School of Education alumni
1981 deaths
Presidents of Northeastern University
20th-century American academics
Natural resources consumption tax. The natural resource consumption tax is a kind of tax which is aimed to help ensure long run sustainability by increasing awareness of natural resource consumption.

International water
The popular conception of international waters is that there is no owner of them, so anyone can take advantage of them. Some propose that instead international waters are to be seen as owned by all the people of the planet. Hence, any particular person exploiting the natural resources of international waters should be taxed by the United Nations, any proxy of it, or some other international agency.

Sovereignty territory
At present, property laws govern this issue. Natural resources are bound to the land and offshore natural resources are deemed to be owned by the state. Generally speaking, there is no tax on the consumption of natural resources. It might be difficult to implement such a tax.

Stumpage System
The stumpage fee can also be deemed as a kind of natural resources consumption tax.

See also
 Consumption tax
 Ecotax
 Land value tax
 Severance tax
 Tax shift

Environmental tax
Magnetic impurity. A magnetic impurity is an impurity in a host metal that has a magnetic moment. The magnetic impurity can then interact with the conduction electrons of the metal, leading to interesting physics such as the Kondo effect, and heavy fermion behaviour. Some examples of magnetic impurities that metals can be doped with are iron and nickel. Such an impurity will contribute a Curie-Weiss term to the magnetic susceptibility, 
.

Early theoretical work concentrated on explaining the trend observed as the impurity was varied across the transition metal group. Based on the idea of a virtual bound state, Anderson proposed a model that was successful in explaining the formation of a localized magnetic moment from a magnetic impurity.

See also

 Anderson impurity model
 Anderson orthogonality theorem
 Magnetic semiconductors

References 

Magnetism
Daniel Granstedt. Daniel (Schou) Granstedt, guitarist and member of the Swedish metal band Headplate.
He has also co-produced, mixed and recorded all their three albums. And also worked with Hardcore Superstar, Brassmonkey and Absent among others.

Discography

1998: Brassmonkey - Brassmonkey — engineering
1998: Hardcore Superstar - It's Only Rock'n'Roll — engineering
2000: Headplate - Bullsized — guitars, engineering, mixing, production
2002: Headplate - Delicate — guitars, engineering, mixing, production
2003: Headplate - Pieces — guitars, engineering, mixing, production
2006: Absent - Euphoria — engineering, mixing, production
2012: Red Bled The Sun - I — engineering, mixing, production
2012: Headplate - 12-12-12 — engineering, mixing, mastering, production
2013: Benevolent - The Wave — engineering, mixing, production

External links
Official Headplate Website

1975 births
Living people
Swedish record producers
Swedish heavy metal guitarists
21st-century Swedish guitarists