omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
MASSCOMP. The Massachusetts Computer Corporation (MASSCOMP) was a computer manufacturer based in Westford, Massachusetts.  Originally conceived by C. Forbes Dewey of MIT and inventor Chester Schuler, it was founded formally in 1981. Its target market was real-time computing, with a focus on high-speed data acquisition. Its major innovation was that it created the first widely available computer product which was able to sample analog signals at one million samples per second and store the resulting data to disk continuously. Given the technology available at the time—Motorola 68000 series CPUs of only a few megahertz in speed and slow disk drives—this product represented quite a technological achievement.

The MASSCOMP MC-500 is a 68000-based microcomputer running a real-time variant of the Unix operating system. For a small company, MASSCOMP incorporated a number of ambitious and innovative projects in addition to Real-Time Unix, including their own C and Fortran compiler, a block diagram language known as "Laboratory Workbench" that allowed visual programming of real time systems to connect real-time analog inputs and outputs to signal processing operations and interactive virtual instruments for data display, and their own high level graphics subsystem.

MASSCOMP grew to about $65 million in sales per year and ultimately purchased Concurrent Computer Corporation (a spinoff company that was part public but majority-owned by Perkin-Elmer) in 1988 in a "junk bond deal" and assumed the Concurrent name, with aim of becoming the number one vendor in the real-time computing market. The deal cost Masscomp $240 million. Perkin-Elmer sold this company as part of restructuring of their business due to low profits in the computer market.

References

External links
There is a MASSCOMP system at the Rhode Island Computer Museum 

1981 establishments in Massachusetts
1988 mergers and acquisitions
1995 disestablishments in Massachusetts
1995 mergers and acquisitions
American companies established in 1981
American companies disestablished in 1995
Companies based in Massachusetts
Computer companies established in 1981
Computer companies disestablished in 1995
Defunct computer companies of the United States
Defunct computer hardware companies
Defunct computer systems companies
Morgan LIFEcar. The Morgan LIFEcar (LIghtweight Fuel Efficient Car) was originally a fuel cell-powered electric vehicle project undertaken by Morgan Motor Company and startup company Riversimple. The goal of LIFEcar was a sports car that would be environmentally responsible, and deliver impressive performance. Research and development was backed by QinetiQ, a British defence technology firm, as well as several universities, including Cranfield University and the  University of Oxford, and government grants. 
The project abandoned the fuel-cell architecture in favour of a hybrid approach with a 15-mile electric range.

Specifications
According to news releases, the LIFEcar chassis is to be based on the powerful Morgan Aero 8, while the Proton exchange membrane fuel cell itself is being developed by QinetiQ. The vehicle is planned to make use of electric motors powering each wheel (similar to the Whispering Wheel concept). In order to deliver sufficient bursts of power to the motors, the electricity generated by the fuel cell will be stored in sophisticated capacitors. Morgan may make use of its past business ties with BMW in order to obtain liquid hydrogen storage technology, although this remains to be seen. The design of the vehicle platform was led by Mark Reeves, with aid from his team at Morgan.

See also
 Fuel cell
 Hydrogen economy
 F-Cell
 Honda FCX
 Venturi Fetish
 Riversimple

References

 https://web.archive.org/web/20070929043116/http://www.qinetiq.co.uk/home/newsroom/news_releases_homepage/2005/2nd_quarter/lifecar_project.html%3Cbr%3Ehttp%3A//www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0%2C%2C2087-1660080%2C00.html
 
 http://www.greencarcongress.com/2005/06/morgan_at_work_.html

External links
 Morgan LIFEcar Official Page
  (Riversimple)

Hydrogen cars
Fuel cell vehicles
LIFEcar
Cars introduced in 2009
Retro-style automobiles
Rastede. Rastede  (Low German: Raastäe/Raas) is a municipality in the Ammerland district, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approximately 12 km north of Oldenburg. It is the site of the Schloss Rastede.

The Rastede railway station is located at the Oldenburg–Wilhelmshaven railway.

Sons and daughters 
 Hermann Schussler (1842-1919), German water-systems engineer and architect of dams 
 Augustus, Grand Duke of Oldenburg (1783-1853), Grand Duke of Oldenburg
 Christian, Duke of Oldenburg (born 1955), Duke of Oldenburg
 Uwe Stahmer (born 1960), famous motorcycle restorer
 Lenn Kuck (born 2001), music producer

Economy 
The aerospace machine manufacturer Broetje-Automation GmbH is based in Rastede. Customers include Airbus, Boeing, Bombardier, Embraer, Premium Aerotec, Mitsubishi and many other companies.

References

Ammerland
Architectural Association of Kenya. The Architectural Association of Kenya (AAK) is a corporate body for professionals in the built and natural environments in Kenya. It draws its membership from eight major disciplines:
Architects (Arch.)
Quantity Surveyors (QS)
Town Planners (Plan.)
Engineers (Eng.)
Landscape Architects (LArch.)
Construction Project Managers (CPM)
Environmental Design Consultants (EDC)
Interior Designers (ID)

 Landscape architecture is a new practice in Kenya, first inaugurated in Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology. It deals with design of open spaces ranging from residential to public space. It entails design of plazas (foyers, street plazas, mixed and pedestrian malls), squares, parks (neighbourhood, mini, public parks), golf courses, town aesthetics.

AAK Co-operative Sacco Ltd

Licensed under the Ministry of Industry, Trade and Cooperatives, AAK Co-operative Sacco Ltd (The Architectural Association of Kenya Co-operative Savings and Credit Society Limited) (also dubbed The Built Environment Sacco) is the premier Sacco serving professionals in the built environment industry. They include architects, quantity surveyors, engineers, town planners, environmental design consultants, landscape architects, and construction project managers. Membership to the Sacco is also open to immediate family members of the said professionals and staff of firm members of AAK and affiliated associations. The Sacco undertakes Back Office Savings Activity (BOSA) activities for its members.

References

Architecture-related professional associations
Commonwealth Association of Architects
Professional associations based in Kenya
YouOS. YouOS was a web desktop and web integrated development environment, developed by Webshaka until June 2008.

History
From 2006 to 2008 YouOS replicated the desktop environment of a modern operating system on a webpage, using JavaScript to communicate with the remote server. This allowed users to save their current desktop state to return to later, much like the hibernation feature in many true operating systems, and for multiple users to collaborate using a single environment. YouOS featured built-in sharing of music, documents and other files. The software was in alpha stage, and was referred to as a "web operating system" by WebShaka.

An application programming interface and an IDE (integrated development environment) were in development.
Over 700 applications were created using this API.

In 2006, YouOS was listed on the 7th position of PC World's list of "The 20 Most Innovative Products of the Year".

YouOS was shut down on July 30, 2008 because the developers had not actively developed it since November 2006. They have since moved on to other projects.

The domain youos.com domain name was acquired by a German startup company, Dynacrowd, in May 2015. The project name YouOS now represents a mobile platform for hyperlocal interaction used to operate the German refugee assistance system AngelaApp.

Parent Company
 
Webshaka was a messaging company most notable for making YouOS. It was founded by Samuel Hsiung, Jeff Mullen, Srini Panguluri and Joseph Wong.

References

External links
YouOS web site 

Web desktops
Composite application. In computing, a composite application is a software application built by combining multiple existing functions into a new application. The technical concept can be compared to mashups. However, composite applications use business sources (e.g., existing modules or even Web services ) of information, while mashups usually rely on web-based, and often free, sources. 

It is wrong to assume that composite applications are by definition part of a service-oriented architecture (SOA). Composite applications can be built using any technology or architecture.

A composite application consists of functionality drawn from several different sources. The components may be individual selected functions from within other applications, or entire systems whose outputs have been packaged as business functions, modules, or web services.

Composite applications often incorporate orchestration of "local" application logic to control how the composed functions interact with each other to produce the new, derived functionality. For composite applications that are based on SOA, WS-CAF is a Web services standard for composite applications.

See also
Web 2.0
Composite Application Service Assembly (CASA)
Enterprise service bus (ESB)
Service-oriented architecture (SOA)
Service component architecture (SCA)
Mashup (web application hybrid)

References

External links
 Composite application guidance from patterns & practices
 NetBeans SOA Composite Application Project Home
 camelse
 Running Apache Camel in OpenESB 
 eclipse sirius - Free and GPL eclipse tool to build your own arbitrary complex military grade modeling tools on one hour
 eclipse SCA Tools - Gnu free composite tool
 Free GPL obeodesigner made with eclipse sirius

Web services
Service-oriented (business computing)
Liquid handling robot. A liquid handling robot is used to automate workflows in life science laboratories.  It is a robot that dispenses a selected quantity of reagent, samples or other liquid to a designated container.

Introduction 
Liquid handling plays a pivotal role in life science laboratories. The sample volumes are usually small, at the micro- or nanoliter level, and the number of transferred samples can be huge. Under these conditions, liquid handling by hand is tedious, time-consuming, and impractical. Consequently, there is a strong demand for automated liquid handling robots.

Types of liquid handling robots 
The simplest version simply dispenses an allotted volume of liquid from a motorized pipette or syringe; more complicated machines can also manipulate the position of the dispensers and containers (often a Cartesian coordinate robot, and/or integrate additional laboratory devices, such as centrifuges, microplate readers, heat sealers, heater/shakers, bar code readers, spectrophotometric devices, storage devices and incubators.

More complex liquid handling workstations can perform multiple Laboratory Unit Operations such as sample transport, sample mixing, manipulation and incubation, as well as transporting vessels to/from other workstations.

An alternative category of liquid handlers mimics the operations of humans, by performing liquid transfers as humans would do. These robots achieve the cartesian, 3-axis movements implemented in larger workstations, by means of an arm.

Modularity 
Liquid handling robots can be customized using different add-on modules such as centrifuges, PCR machines, colony pickers, shaking modules, heating modules and others.  Some liquid handling robots utilize Acoustic Liquid Handling (also known as acoustic droplet ejection or ADE) which uses sound to move liquids without the traditional pipette or syringe.

Quality Control  
One of the challenges in using automated liquid handlers, or liquid handling robots, is in verifying the proper function of the device. Liquid handling operations, performed by these automated systems, can fail due to clogged pipette tips, failed solenoid valves, damaged labware, operator error and many other reasons. A variety of methods exist for performing quality control of liquid dispensing on automated platforms including gravimetric, fluorescent and colorimetric measurements.  In addition to manual quality control methods, technologies have been developed which allow for the automated monitoring of quality control of liquid handling robots.

References 

 
Robotic manipulation
SSCS. SSCS may refer to:

Sea Shepherd Conservation Society
Sutherland Shire Christian School
South Suburban Co-operative Society, a retail co-operative in south London, Surrey and Kent
State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs
Surface-Ship Command System, a naval combat system developed by CAP Scientific
Service Station Computer Systems, office management software
Solid-State Circuits Society, a society of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Admiralty Mining Establishment. The Admiralty Mining Establishment  originally known as the Mine Design Department  was a technical department of the British Royal Navy responsible for both the design of naval mines and the development of suitable countermeasures from 1915 to 1951

History
A mining department was originally established at the Admiralty in 1915, in 1919 the name was changed to the Mine Design Department (MDD) based at HMS Vernon in Portsmouth. In 1946, after being dispersed to various places during the war, in keeping with many technical departments it employed both military and highly skilled, civilian personnel. It was partly located near HMNB Portsmouth at West Leigh House, Havant as the Admiralty Mining Establishment (AME). In 1951, its role changed significantly as it was merged into a new larger department called the Underwater Counter measures and Weapon Establishment (UCWE). The UCWE was itself merged into the Admiralty Underwater Weapons Establishment, Portland in 1959.

Notable personnel
During the Second World War it recruited a number of scientists to its ranks many of them went on to become highly regarded in their respective fields including;
David Bates
Robert Boyd
Francis Crick,
Thomas Gaskell
John Gunn
Harrie Massey
Nevill Mott.

Timeline
 Board of Admiralty, Admiralty, Mining Department, 1915-1919.
 Board of Admiralty, Admiralty Mine Design Department, 1919-1951.
 Board of Admiralty, Underwater Counter measures and Weapon Establishment, 1951-1959.
 Board of Admiralty, Admiralty Underwater Weapons Establishment, 1959-1964.
 Ministry of Defence, Navy Department, Underwater Weapons Establishment, Portland, 1964-1984.

See also 
 HMS Vernon (shore establishment)

References

Further reading 
John Frayn Turner 'Service Most Silent' (book)

External links 
 UK National Archives leaflet on Royal Navy research and development
 Wartime use of Leigh Park House
 History of HMS Vernon

Admiralty departments
Mine warfare and mine clearance organizations
Admiralty during World War I
Admiralty during World War II
1915 establishments in the United Kingdom
1951 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Permanent way (disambiguation). Permanent way is the tracks, ballast, subgrade and lineside structure of a railway, see:

 Railway track, description of contemporary permanent way structures and methods
 Permanent way (history), a history of permanent way in the UK

Other uses
 Permanent Way Institution
 The Permanent Way, a play by David Hare about the privatisation of Britain's railways
 "Permanent way" is an important road in the novel Absolution Gap by Alastair Reynolds
BOOPSI. BOOPSI (Basic Object Oriented Programming System for Intuition) is an object-oriented programming system for AmigaOS. It extends the AmigaOS windowing environment (Intuition) with an object-oriented subsystem allowing a hierarchy of object classes in which every class defines a single GUI widget or interface event.

BOOPSI made it easier for developers to create their own system of widgets and create standardized graphical user interfaces. Magic User Interface and ReAction are examples of complete widget toolkits built on BOOPSI. Both toolkits have become popular with Amiga software programmers to generate and maintain graphical user interfaces.

The object-oriented design brings advantages such as straightforward coupling of objects with other objects. For example, a programmer may link a numerical input field and a sliding control, where if the user adjusts the sliding control the numerical value in the input field changes automatically.

BOOPSI was officially introduced with AmigaOS 2.0 and was further extended in later releases.

References

External links
 How it works BOOPSI at Codewiz.org

Amiga APIs
Amiga software
AmigaOS 4 software
MorphOS
MorphOS software
Widget toolkits
Run-on. In hydrology, run-on refers to surface runoff from an external area that flows on to an area of interest.  A  portion of run-on can infiltrate once it reaches the area of interest. Run-on is common in arid and semi-arid areas with patchy vegetation cover and short but intense thunderstorms. In these environments, surface runoff is usually generated by a failure of rainfall to infiltrate into the ground quickly enough (this runoff is termed infiltration excess overland flow). This is more likely to occur on bare soil, with low infiltration capacity. As runoff flows downslope, it may run-on to ground with higher infiltration capacity (such as beneath vegetation) and then infiltrate.

Run-on is an important process in the hydrological and ecohydrological behaviour of semi-arid ecosystems. Tiger bush is an example of a vegetation community that develops a patterned structure in response to, in part, the generation of runoff and run-on.

See also
Stormwater

References

Hydrology
Army Institute of Technology. Army Institute of Technology is an engineering college located in Pune, Maharashtra, India. It is affiliated to the Savitribai Phule Pune University. Only wards of army personnel are admitted in this institute. AIT is operated by the Army Welfare Education Society (AWES) and has the Chief of Army Staff of the Indian Army (COAS), as the president of its board of governors.

Governance 
AIT has a one-tier governance structure. At the highest level is the Board of Governors with the COAS as president, and the VCOAS and all Army Commanders (except the General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, South Western Command) as Vice Presidents. The managing director of AWES is designated as the Member Secretary, with the following officers being Members: DCOAS (IS & T), DCOAS (P & S), Adjutant General (AG), Quartermaster General (QMG), Master General Ordnance (MGO), Military secretary (MS), Engineer-in-Chief, three Heads of Arms/Services in rotation, Director General (Discipline, Ceremonials & Welfare) and the Judge Advocate General (JAG).
This is followed by a twelve-member Governing Body, which includes nominees from AICTE, the University of Pune and the Government of Maharashtra, and a ten-member Local Managing Committee, which includes representatives from each of the teaching faculties.

Rankings 
The National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) ranked the college in 201-300 band in the engineering rankings in 2024.

References

External Link 
Official Website for Army Institute of Technology, Pune.

Colleges affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University
Engineering colleges in Pune
1994 establishments in Maharashtra
Educational institutions established in 1994
Runoff (hydrology). Runoff is the flow of water across the earth, and is a major component in the hydrological cycle. Runoff that flows over land before reaching a watercourse is referred to as surface runoff or overland flow. Once in a watercourse, runoff is referred to as streamflow, channel runoff, or river runoff.
Urban runoff is surface runoff created by urbanization.

Background

Surface runoff

Urban runoff

Channel runoff

Model

Curve number

References

Hydrology
Eufaula National Wildlife Refuge. Eufaula National Wildlife Refuge is an 11,184 acre (45.26 km2) National Wildlife Refuge located in Barbour and Russell counties in Alabama and Stewart and Quitman counties in Georgia. Eufaula NWR is located on the Walter F. George Lake (also known as Lake Eufaula) along the Chattahoochee River between Alabama and Georgia. Of the 11,184 acres (45.26 km2) of managed property, 7,953 acres (32.18 km2) are in Alabama and 3,231 acres (13.08 km2) are in Georgia.

Eufaula NWR was established in 1964 in cooperation with the United States Army Corps of Engineers which manages the Walter F. George Lock and Dam and the majority of Walter F. George Lake. More than 325,000 visitors per year visit the refuge. The fiscal year 2005 budget was $718,000.

Wildlife
The Eufaula NWR protects endangered and threatened species such as the wood stork.

There is a variety of wildlife habitats in the Eufaula NWR including approximately 4000 acres (16 km2) of open water, 3000 acres (12 km2) of wetlands, 2000 acres (8 km2) of woodlands, 1000 acres (4 km2) of croplands and 1000 acres (4 km2) of grasslands. This diverse area provides shelter for migratory waterfowl and other birds. Other wildlife species include raccoon, white-tailed deer, quail, beaver, red and gray fox species, dove, bobcat, hawk, armadillo, owl, rabbit, squirrel, river otter, turkey, and coyote, not to mention other reptiles (alligators and copperheads), amphibians, insects and various fishes.

Facilities

Lake Eufaula offers several activities including boating and fishing. Additionally, there is a seven-mile (11 km) auto-tour trail, two observation towers, and a walking trail. Lakepoint State Park borders the Eufaula NWR on the Alabama side of the river, near the city of Eufaula.

See also
 List of National Wildlife Refuges

External links
 Eufaula National Wildlife Refuge homepage
 Recreation.gov overview
 

Protected areas of Barbour County, Alabama
Chattahoochee River
National Wildlife Refuges in Alabama
National Wildlife Refuges in Georgia (U.S. state)
Protected areas of Quitman County, Georgia
Protected areas of Russell County, Alabama
Protected areas of Stewart County, Georgia
Protected areas established in 1964
Wetlands of Alabama
Landforms of Barbour County, Alabama
Landforms of Quitman County, Georgia
Landforms of Russell County, Alabama
Landforms of Stewart County, Georgia
Wetlands of Georgia (U.S. state)
Alabama placenames of Native American origin
Georgia (U.S. state) placenames of Native American origin
Ronald James Blake. Ronald James Blake, GBS, OBE, JP (, born 2 April 1934) is a civil engineer, and a former Secretary for Works in the government of colonial Hong Kong. He was appointed to the post of acting CEO of Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation (KCRC) on 16 March 2006 to replace the outgoing Samuel Lai.

Early life
James Blake was born in the UK in 1934. He studied structural engineering part-time whilst working as a draftsman for an engineering firm after leaving school.

Career
While serving with the Royal Engineers in Her Majesty's Armed Forces he arrived in the Territory for the first time in 1958. He qualified as a Chartered Engineer two years later. He settled in Hong Kong in 1965 and worked in various private companies, participating in the construction of the Cross-Harbour Tunnel as well as the MTR amongst other projects. Prior to coming to the Territory, he had worked for Boulton and Paul in the UK. He had also worked for Scott Wilson Kirkpatrick & Partners in Hong Kong, before being appointed as Secretary for Works.

Secretary for Works
He was appointed Secretary for Works by the Hong Kong Government in 1991, a post he held until 1995. He later joined the KCRC as its Senior Director of capital projects.

Professional achievements
 Awarded gold medal by the Institute of Civil Engineers in 1997
 President of the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers from 1991-1992
 Awarded the Gold Bauhinia Star, 2012

References

1934 births
Living people
British civil engineers
Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation
Government officials of Hong Kong
British emigrants to Hong Kong
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Hong Kong civil engineers
Royal Engineers officers
Recipients of the Gold Bauhinia Star