omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Motion graphs and derivatives. In mechanics, the derivative of the position vs. time graph of an object is equal to the velocity of the object. In the International System of Units, the position of the moving object is measured in meters relative to the origin, while the time is measured in seconds. Placing position on the y-axis and time on the x-axis, the slope of the curve is given by:

Here  is the position of the object, and  is the time. Therefore, the slope of the curve gives the change in position divided by the change in time, which is the definition of the average velocity for that interval of time on the graph. If this interval is made to be infinitesimally small, such that  becomes  and  becomes , the result is the instantaneous velocity at time , or the derivative of the position with respect to time.

A similar fact also holds true for the velocity vs. time graph. The slope of a velocity vs. time graph is acceleration, this time, placing velocity on the y-axis and time on the x-axis. Again the slope of a line is change in  over change in :

where  is the velocity, and  is the time. This slope therefore defines the average acceleration over the interval, and reducing the interval infinitesimally gives , the instantaneous acceleration at time , or the derivative of the velocity with respect to time (or the second derivative of the position with respect to time). In SI, this slope or derivative is expressed in the units of meters per second per second (, usually termed "meters per second-squared").

Since the velocity of the object is the derivative of the position graph, the area under the line in the velocity vs. time graph is the displacement of the object. (Velocity is on the y-axis and time on the x-axis. Multiplying the velocity by the time, the time cancels out, and only displacement remains.)

The same multiplication rule holds true for acceleration vs. time graphs. When acceleration is multiplied

Variable rates of change

The expressions given above apply only when the rate of change is constant or when only the average (mean) rate of change is required. If the velocity or positions change non-linearly over time, such as in the example shown in the figure, then differentiation provides the correct solution. Differentiation reduces the time-spans used above to be extremely small (infinitesimal) and gives a velocity or acceleration at each point on the graph rather than between a start and end point. The derivative forms of the above equations are

Since acceleration differentiates the expression involving position, it can be rewritten as a second derivative with respect to time:

Since, for the purposes of mechanics such as this, integration is the opposite of differentiation, it is also possible to express position as a function of velocity and velocity as a function of acceleration. The process of determining the area under the curve, as described above, can give the displacement and change in velocity over particular time intervals by using definite integrals:

See also
Displacement (vector)
Velocity
Acceleration
Kinematics

References 

Classical mechanics
William Hubert Burr. William Hubert Burr C.E. (July 14, 1851  –1934) was an American civil engineer, born at Watertown, Connecticut. He received his education at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.  Over several decades, he worked at various places.  In 1884 he became assistant engineer to the Phoenix Bridge Company.  After 1893 he was consulting engineer to New York departments, especially in connection with the Catskill Aqueduct work.  In 1892–1893 he had been Professor at Harvard University and 1893–1916 Professor for Civil Engineering at Columbia University. In 1904 he was appointed a member of the Isthmian Canal Commission.

As a consulting engineer, Burr was also involved with the design of several bridges, tunnels, and infrastructure projects. In the New York metropolitan area, these included the University Heights (former Harlem Ship Canal) Bridge, Harlem River Speedway, the original City Island Bridge, the original 145th Street Bridge, the Holland Tunnel, the Lincoln Tunnel, and the George Washington Bridge. Burr was also involved with projects such as the Panama Canal; a design for the Arlington Memorial Bridge; and the New York State Barge Canal.

His published works are:  
 Stresses in Bridge and Roof Trusses (1879)
 Ancient and Modern Engineering and the Isthmian Canal (1902)
 The Elasticity and Resistance of the Materials of Engineering (1883, third edition, 1912)
 The Graphic Method in Influence Lines for Bridge and Roof Computation (1905, with M. S. Falk)

References

External links
 

1851 births
1934 deaths
American civil engineers
20th-century American engineers
American engineering writers
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute alumni
People from Watertown, Connecticut
Excalibur BBS. Excalibur BBS was a Windows-based GUI BBS software developed by Excalibur Communications. it was released in 1993, but it has not been supported since 1999 when Excalibur Communications ceased operations.

Client Software 
Users connected to the BBS by modem or over a TCP/IP connection with the Excalibur Client.  For its time, the client provided a rich graphical environment allowing users access to instant messaging, games, music, message boards, and web-like hyperlinked navigation screens. Excalibur provided the platform for add-on functions called plugins. 

These plugins included games with/without animation/sound and expanded functions for file searches, local and Internet e-mail, Fido net, Who's on, chat, changing handle/password, editing your account info, etc.  Some systems used WAV files for background music incorporating a "jukebox" like interface with multiple music choices. Others used very clever screen changes to provide different degrees of visual input. 

Due to programming limitations, Excalibur BBS does not work properly on Windows XP or newer.

The original program was written in Borland C++ by Tim Robinson.

References

External links 
  Excalibur's Entry at the BBS Software Directory

Bulletin board system software
HMAS Leeuwin (A 245). HMAS Leeuwin (HS 01/A 245) is the lead ship of the Leeuwin-class of hydrographic survey vessels operated by the Royal Australian Navy (RAN).

Design and construction

Leeuwin has a displacement of 2,170 tons at full load. She is  long, with a beam of , and a draught of . Main propulsion machinery consists of four GEC Alsthom 6RK 215 diesel generators, which supply two Alsthom electric motors, each driving a propeller shaft. A Schottel bow thruster is fitted for additional manoeuvrability. Maximum speed is , with a range of  at .

The sensor suite consists of a STN Atlas 9600 APRA I-band navigational radar, a C-Tech CMAS 36/39 hull-mounted sonar, an Atlas Fansweep-20 multibeam echo sounder, an Atlas Hydrographic Deso single-beam echo sounder, and a Klein 2000 towed sonar. The sonars and echo sounders allow the vessels to chart waters up to  deep. There are three sets of davits fitted to carry Fantome-class survey boats. The ship is fitted with a helicopter deck, previously for an AS 350B Squirrel helicopter detached from 723 Squadron, although there are no long-term hosting facilities. She is armed with two single 12.7 mm machine guns. The ship's company consists of 10 officers and 46 sailors, plus up to 5 trainees. The Leeuwin class were the first RAN ships to use a multi-crewing concept, with three complements used to operate the two vessels.

Leeuwin was ordered from NQEA on 2 April 1996, and built at the company's shipyard in Cairns. She was laid down on 9 May 1997 and launched on 23 June 1998. Leeuwin and sister ship Melville underwent a joint commissioning ceremony on 27 May 2000. Leeuwin initially carried the pennant number "HS 01", but this was changed to "A 245" in 2004. She is named after Cape Leeuwin, the south-west-most point of the Australian continent.

Operational history
In late 2001, Leeuwin began to operate in support of border protection operations in addition to her normal hydrographic duties. In January 2002, Leeuwin was repainted from white to grey.

In October 2013, Leeuwin participated in the International Fleet Review 2013 in Sydney. The fleet was reviewed by Governor-General Quentin Bryce on 5 October from Leeuwins helicopter deck, with Bryce accompanied by Prince Harry.

Leeuwin sailed to Fiji in July 2015 for a seabed-mapping operation around Rotuma Island. This was the first RAN deployment to the region in eight years, since the deterioration of ties between the nations after the 2006 Fijian coup d'état.

Citations

References

 
 
 

Naval ships of Australia
Leeuwin-class survey vessels
Survey ships of the Royal Australian Navy
1997 ships
QIP. QIP is a three-letter abbreviation with multiple meanings, as described below:

 Quality Intellectual Property Metric (QIP metric), a standard of Silicon intellectual property cores, developed by Virtual Socket Interface Alliance for Integrated circuit design in the field of Semiconductor
 Quality Improvement Plan, a document outlining methods to improve outcomes, for example in patient care at a hospital.
 Quality Improvement Paradigm, a framework for continuous quality improvement proposed by Victor Basili in 1984
 Quantum information processing
 Quantum Innovation Platform, a method for rapid innovation, research, and problem solving
 QIP (complexity), a complexity class in computational complexity theory
 Quad in-line package, an electronic chip housing standard
 Quiet Internet Pager, a third-party closed-source freeware multiprotocol IM client
 Qualified institutional placement, a method of raising equity by a listed company
 QIP., an Amsterdam based fashion brand specialized in pique menswear
Remote Bar Coding System. Remote Bar Coding System (RBCS), also called Remote Video Encoding (RVE) is a method used by the United States Postal Service during mail sorting to encode the address of letter-sized mailpieces that are not decipherable by a Multiline Optical Character Reader (MLOCR). When an MLOCR does not recognize a valid address on a letter (usually due to hand-written addressing), it sends an image of the mailpiece to a central RBCS (RVE) site where more sophisticated optical character recognition software is able to interpret many hand-written addresses using neural net and fuzzy logic algorithms. If this does not succeed, human operators visually examine the image and enter the address. In both cases, the data is sent back to the originating mail facility where mailpieces are then automatically matched back up with data through the use of a unique fluorescent barcode printed on the back during initial MLOCR attempt and receive a POSTNET barcode representing the full address.

The Remote Bar Coding System consists of hundreds of MLOCR machines, which capture an image of mailpieces throughout the USPS network, the communications hardware and software that transmit this data to the "remote" site, the specialized hardware and software that initially attempt to interpret the image, and the terminals and human operators that encode the most difficult images.

The algorithms in this system are continually improved by incorporating the results of human operators. Furthermore, successive generations of MLOCR hardware and software would incorporate some of the advances made in computer-based Remote Encoding, in order to minimize the number of mailpieces that need to go through this extra step.

References 

Mail sorting
United States Postal Service
Material properties (thermodynamics). The thermodynamic properties of materials are intensive thermodynamic parameters which are specific to a given material. Each is directly related to a second order differential of a thermodynamic potential. Examples for a simple 1-component system are:

 Compressibility (or its inverse, the bulk modulus)
 Isothermal compressibility

 Adiabatic compressibility

 Specific heat (Note - the extensive analog is the heat capacity)
 Specific heat at constant pressure

 Specific heat at constant volume

 Coefficient of thermal expansion

where P  is pressure, V  is volume, T  is temperature, S  is entropy, and N  is the number of particles.

For a single component system, only three second derivatives are needed in order to derive all others, and so only three material properties are needed to derive all others. For a single component system, the "standard" three parameters are the isothermal compressibility , the specific heat at constant pressure , and the coefficient of thermal expansion .

For example, the following equations are true:

The three "standard" properties are in fact the three possible second derivatives of the Gibbs free energy with respect to temperature and pressure. Moreover, considering derivatives such as  and the related Schwartz relations, shows that the properties triplet is not independent. In fact,  one property function can be given as an expression of the two others, up to a reference state value.

The second principle of thermodynamics has implications on the sign of some thermodynamic properties such isothermal compressibility.

See also 

 List of materials properties (thermal properties)
 Heat capacity ratio
 Statistical mechanics
 Thermodynamic equations
 Thermodynamic databases for pure substances
 Heat transfer coefficient
 Latent heat
 Specific heat of melting (Enthalpy of fusion)
 Specific heat of vaporization (Enthalpy of vaporization)
 Thermal mass

External links
 The Dortmund Data Bank is a factual data bank for thermodynamic and thermophysical data.

References

 

Thermodynamic properties
Model 3107 chair. The Model 3107 chair is a chair designed by Arne Jacobsen in 1955. It is a variation on the Ant Chair, also designed by Arne Jacobsen. Over five million units have been produced exclusively by Fritz Hansen.

Description
The chair, along with the Jacobsen's Ant chair, was, according to Jacobsen, inspired by a chair made by the husband and wife design team of Charles and Ray Eames using their plywood bending techniques.

The chair is available with a number of different undercarriages—as a regular four-legged chair, an office chair with five wheels and as a bar stool. It can come equipped with armrests, a writing-table attachment, and different forms of upholstering.

The chair is widely believed to have been used in Lewis Morley's iconic 1963 photograph of Christine Keeler; however, the chair used in this photograph was an imitation and not an original Jacobsen model. The Keeler chair had a hand hold cut in the back. After the publishing of the pictures, sales of the chair rose dramatically.

See also
 Ant (chair)
 Bentwood
 Molded plywood
 Swan (chair)

References

External links

 Official Series 7 chair website
 

1955 in art
Arne Jacobsen furniture
Chairs
Individual models of furniture
Products introduced in 1955
Stacking chairs
XMLSpy. XMLSpy is a proprietary XML editor and integrated development environment (IDE) developed by Altova. XMLSpy allows developers to create XML-based and Web services applications using technologies such as XML, JSON, XBRL, XML Schema, XSLT, XPath, XQuery, WSDL and SOAP.

Development
XMLSpy was first released in 1999, producing an integrated development environment for XML. It is a licensed software product that uses key protection to prevent unlicensed usage. Version 3.5 was released in 2000, allowing graphical input for editing diagrams and access to remote files. Version 4.1, released in 2001, added the capability to create XML schemas. The 5.0 version of the program was released in 2002, adding a XSLT processor, XSLT debugger, a WSDL editor, HTML importer, and a Java as well as C++ generator. The version's XML document editor was redesigned to allow for easier use by businesses. XMLSpy 2006 was given the Platinum Award by SQL Pro Magazine'''s Editor's choice awards. XMLSpy 2007 added increased XPath capabilities, including better integration with Microsoft Word.

In 2008 XMLSpy was the gold recipient in the Development Platform category by SQL Server Pro. In 2009 XMLSpy was named the Editors' Best Best Development Tool's Silver Award recipient by Windows IT Pro Magazine''. XMLSpy 2010 added additional support for WSDL 2.0, as well as JSON editing. In 2011 the program added additional charting and graphing support, in addition to enhancing other program capabilities. In 2012 the new version added support for HTML5 and EPUB. The 2013 version then added new XML validation tools. The program also has support for XBRL, in order to manage and view XBRL data. Version 2014 includes support for XQuery Update Facility, with recent updates adding support for JSON Schema and Apache Avro.

Multiple views
Altova XMLSpy includes multiple views and editing features for the following:

AI Assistant
XML instance document creation and editing	
JSON and JSON Schema editing & conversion
Visual XML Schema development
DTD editing
XSLT 1.0/2.0 development and debugging
XQuery development and debugging	
XPath 1.0/2.0 development and analysis
Office Open XML development
XBRL taxonomy & instance document creation, editing, and validation
Web services development
Graphical WSDL creation and editing
SOAP development and debugging
Apache Avro visualization and schema editing
Java, C++, C# code generation

See also
 XML Notepad
 Comparison of XML editors

References

External links
 description of Altova XMLSpy (German)

XML editors
JSON
XSLT processors
XQuery processors
XML software
Software that uses Scintilla
Polyphem. The Polyphem was a proposed European light-weight fibre-optic wire-guided surface-to-surface missile with a range of 60 km. The project was cancelled in 2003.

Synopsis
Polyphem is the German name of Polyphemus, the cyclops in the Odyssey that got his eye stabbed out by Ulysses.

The Polyphem missile uses a sealed round, a solid propellant booster rocket to launch the missile out of its canister to an initial height, so that the wings and control surfaces can unfold, and a more fuel economic turbojet cruise engine kicks in to propel the missile.

The missile can be programmed to follow a preset course, using GPS or inertial guidance. An infrared seeker can be used to automatically pick a target and for the terminal guidance phase, but it is also possible to transfer the thermal images back to the launching platform via a 200 MBit/s data link provided by an optical fibre, and manually select the target.

The Polyphem program was started in 1994 by Germany, France and Italy. Italy later left the project.

A naval version, called Polyphem-S, was initially selected for the Braunschweig class corvette as anti-ship and land-attack missile, but that has been cancelled.

The Polyphem program as a whole was cancelled in 2003.

The system is roughly comparable to the Serbian ALAS missile.

Specifications
Speed: 120—180 m/s (around 430—650 km/h)
Range: up to 60 km
Altitude: 20 to 600 m above ground (variable)
Missile mass: around 130 kg
Length: 2.70 m
Warhead: up to 20 kg

See also
ALAS
CM-501G
FOG-MPM
MGM-157 EFOGM
XM501 non-line-of-sight launch system
Type 96 multi-purpose missile system

Notes

References
 POLYPHEM - army-technology.com
 Striking possibility - Flight Global

Surface-to-surface missiles of the European Union
Mack Group. Mack Group is a privately held corporation providing contract manufacturing with specialties in plastics design, prototyping, molding, sheet metal fabrication and full product assembly.

Mack was founded in 1920 in Little Falls, N.J. Today, it is headquartered in Arlington, Vermont, and operates 11 locations throughout Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, and Mexico, totaling  of manufacturing space. Mack Group employs over 3,000 and has revenues exceeding $650 million per year.

Divisions of Mack Group
The divisions within Mack Group include:

Mack Molding 
Supplies molded plastic parts, fabricated metal parts and high-level assemblies to the medical, commercial, computer & business equipment and transportation markets. Specialties include design, prototyping, custom injection molding, sheet metal fabrication and full product assembly, test and distribution. Six locations: Arlington, Vermont (2); Cavendish, Vermont; Pownal, Vermont; Inman, South Carolina; Statesville, North Carolina.

Mack Prototype 
Plastics prototyping with specialties in rapid prototyping, rapid tooling and low volume plastics molding. Located in Gardner, Massachusetts.

Mack Technologies 
Provides system assembly services for high-end electronic products. Specialties include design support, materials management, printed circuit board and final system assembly, product test and order fulfillment. Three locations: Westford, Massachusetts; Melbourne, Florida;  Juarez, Mexico.

Synectic Product Development 
Synectic product development is a full-service product development company focused on product design, prototyping, and manufacturing. Located in Woodbridge, Connecticut.

References

External links
www.mack.com - Mack Group corporate website
www.mackprototype.com - Mack Prototype corporate website
www.macktech.com - Mack Technologies corporate website
www.synectic.net - Synectic Product Development corporate website

Manufacturing companies based in Vermont
Arlington
Arlington, Vermont
AGM-159 JASSM. The AGM-159 was a high precision cruise missile design proposed in 1996 by the Boeing (McDonnell-Douglas) company as a contender in the U.S. Air Force's JASSM project. It was intended to be able to penetrate advanced air defense systems, such as the Russian S-300 surface-to-air missile system. The weapon was intended to be carried by long range weapons platforms such as the B-2 Spirit and the B-1 Lancer. Development halted after Lockheed Martin's AGM-158 was selected for further development in 1998.

Citations

Bibliography

See also
AGM-158 JASSM
List of missiles

Cruise missiles of the United States
Abandoned military rocket and missile projects of the United States