omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Accuphase. Accuphase Laboratory, Inc. (originally known as Kensonic Laboratory, Inc.) is a Japanese, Yokohama-based high-end audio equipment manufacturer whose philosophy is to "enrich life through technology". Accuphase amplifiers, digital sources and tuners are well regarded for their sound, design and build by high-end audio enthusiasts throughout the world. The brand is relatively uncommon in the USA however.

Accuphase was founded by former Kenwood engineer Jiro Kasuga in late 1972. Kasuga was not happy with the views of Kenwood relating to the follower of their High-End Supreme 1 unit (1967). He hired some engineers from other prominent brands (Marantz, Luxman) and started Kensonic, with Kenwood as a part owner. Some other connections in the early years of Accuphase exist as well. If the parts used by Kenwood and Kensonic throughout the latter's early years are compared to each other, the similarities are easily noticeable: knobs, buttons, tuner dials and the general direction of the design. Accuphase's early PCBs are tagged KENSONIC, too, and the early units bore KENSONIC on their frontplates as well. Until the mid-1990s, Kenwood still owned part of Kensonic. It appears that Accuphase engineers may have had a hand in the engineering of Kenwood's last high-end series (L-A1, L-D1 and LVD-Z1). For example, the Accuphase E-405 and Kenwood L-A1 have very similar volume knobs, side panels, and remotes.

Kensonic's first products were the P-300 amp(lifier), the C-200 preamp, and the T-100 tuner. The E-202 integrated amp and an up-versioned tuner (the T-101) were added soon after. All received very positive reviews in 1973 and 1974. While Kenwood has now abandoned all high-end audio activities, Kensonic carries on with the Accuphase series.

Accuphase products are readily identified by their large Champagne-colored faceplates and large dual analog power meters – which are similar to the respected McIntosh Laboratory brand (McIntosh is famous for its unique faceplates, which are made of silk-screened glass and use large blue analog power meters).   

Accuphase explains the brand name as follows:
 

Accuphase has a reputation for reliability, with units from the first series still in use. Models remain available at least for several years, and sometimes up to a decade.  

The Accuphase website explains the background and development of each of their products.

References

External links
 Accuphase website
 Accuphase past products
 The Accuphase section on Hifishark.com, maybe the most complete model list in the world.

Electronics companies established in 1972
Audio amplifier manufacturers
Audio equipment manufacturers of Japan
Compact Disc player manufacturers
Manufacturing companies based in Yokohama
Japanese companies established in 1972
Japanese brands
Maximum entropy. Maximum entropy may refer to: 

 Entropy, a scientific concept as well as a measurable physical property that is most commonly associated with a state of disorder, randomness, or uncertainty.

Physics
 Maximum entropy thermodynamics
 Maximum entropy spectral estimation

Mathematics and statistics
 Principle of maximum entropy
 Maximum entropy probability distribution
 Maximum entropy classifier, in regression analysis

See also
 Second law of thermodynamics, establishes the concept of entropy as a physical property of a thermodynamic system
SCSI initiator and target. In computer data storage, a SCSI initiator is the endpoint that initiates a SCSI session, that is, sends a SCSI command. The initiator usually does not provide any Logical Unit Numbers (LUNs).

On the other hand, a SCSI target is the endpoint that does not initiate sessions, but instead waits for initiators' commands and provides required input/output data transfers. The target usually provides to the initiators one or more LUNs, because otherwise no read or write command would be possible.

Detailed information
Typically, a computer is an initiator and a data storage device is a target. As in a client–server architecture, an initiator is analogous to the client, and a target is analogous to the server. Each SCSI address (each identifier on a SCSI bus) displays behavior of initiator, target, or (rarely) both at the same time. There is nothing in the SCSI protocol that prevents an initiator from acting as a target or vice versa. 

SCSI initiators are sometimes wrongly called  controllers.

Other protocols
Initiator and target terms are applicable not only to traditional parallel SCSI, but also to Fibre Channel Protocol (FCP), iSCSI (see iSCSI target), HyperSCSI, (in some sense) SATA, ATA over Ethernet (AoE), InfiniBand, DSSI and many other storage networking protocols.

Address versus port
In most of these protocols, an address (whether it is initiator or target) is roughly equivalent to physical device's port. Situations where a single physical port hosts multiple addresses, or where a single address is accessible from one device's multiple ports are not very common, . Even when using multipath I/O to achieve fault tolerance, the device driver switches between different targets or initiators statically bound on physical ports, instead of sharing a static address between physical ports.

See also
SCSI architectural model
iSCSI target

SCSI
Computer storage devices
Vertical-lift bridge. A vertical-lift bridge or just lift bridge is a type of movable bridge in which a span rises vertically while remaining parallel with the deck.

The vertical lift offers several benefits over other movable bridges such as the bascule and swing-span bridges.  Generally speaking, they cost less to build for longer moveable spans.  The counterweights in a vertical lift are only required to be equal to the weight of the deck, whereas bascule bridge counterweights must weigh several times as much as the span being lifted.  As a result, heavier materials can be used in the deck, and so this type of bridge is especially suited for heavy railroad use. The biggest disadvantage to the vertical-lift bridge (in comparison with many other designs) is the height restriction for vessels passing under it, due to the deck remaining suspended above the passageway.

Most vertical-lift bridges use towers, each equipped with counterweights. An example of this kind was built in Portland, Oregon, United States in 1912.

Another design uses balance beams to lift the deck, with pivoting bascules located on the top of the lift towers.

Examples
See List of vertical-lift bridges.

Gallery of images

See also 
 Moveable bridges for a list of other movable bridge types 
 Submersible bridge for a similar disappearing bridge
 Table bridge for a vertical-lift bridge without visible lifting means

References

Bibliography

External links
 

 
Bridges by structural type

it:Ponte#Ponte sollevabile
Fugen Nuclear Power Plant. Fugen  was a prototype Japanese nuclear test reactor.
Fugen was a domestic Japanese design for a demonstration Advanced Thermal Reactor. It was a heavy water moderated, boiling light water cooled reactor.
The reactor was started in 1979 and shut down in 2003. As of 2018, it is undergoing decommissioning.
It is located in Myōjin-chō, in the city of Tsuruga, Fukui. 
The name "Fugen" is derived from Fugen Bosatsu (Samantabhadra), a Buddhist deity.

The reactor was the first in the world to use a full MOX fuel core. 
It had 772 assemblies, the most in the world. It has received the title of a historic landmark from the American Nuclear Society.

The design boils ordinary water like a boiling water reactor (BWR) but uses heavy water as a moderator as in a CANDU reactor. 
The electrical output was 165 MW and the thermal output was 557 MW.

Core temperature: 300 °C
Pellet centerline temperature: 2200 °C
Fuel conversion time: 6 months

The plant is located on a site that covers 267,694 m2 (66 acres); buildings occupy 7,762 m2 (1.9 acres), and it has 46,488 m2 of floor space.  It employed 256 workers.

Accidents
 14–16 April 1997: A tritium leakage was announced to the responsible authorities 30 hours after the event. During the following investigation it was shown that it already had 11 similar incidents. Five managers of the operator at that time (at the time Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation) resigned.
 8 April 2002: About 200 cubic meters of steam escaped from a defective pipe. The reactor was switched off.

During dismantling operations it was found that walls with controls did not have the necessary strength at 25 of 34 points.

References

External links

Fugen Decommissioning Engineering Center
Transcript of NHK TV special in Japanese NHK video

Heavy water reactors
Nuclear power stations in Japan
Buildings and structures in Fukui Prefecture
1970s establishments in Japan
Zeki Sezer. Mehmet Zeki Sezer (born 12 April 1957) is a Turkish politician and former chairman of the Democratic Left Party (Demokratik Sol Parti, DSP), he was elected in the 6th ordinary party congress in 2004 after the resignation of Bülent Ecevit.

Early years
Sezer was born in 1957 in Eskişehir. He graduated from M. Rüştü Uzel Chemistry Vocational High School and then from the School of Chemical Engineering at Gazi Üniversitesi in Ankara. He completed his 4-month short-term military service in 1983.

Early career
During his high school and university years, Sezer played volleyball for various clubs. He has a special interest in arts. Sezer began his career as a chemistry technician in 1975 in the public service and later worked as a chemical engineer. He worked also in the private sector in the same capacity.

Political career
His political career in the DSP started in 1988. Sezer served as an executive of Çankaya branch of DSP, as deputy-chairman of Ankara branch and became a board member in 1991. He also served twice as the party's secretary-general. Between 2001 and 2004 he was the deputy chairman of DSP. In 2004 party congress succeeded Ecevit. However, in 2009 he lost this post to Masum Türker. In 1999, Sezer was elected as deputy of Ankara to the Parliament and served as a  minister of state in the 57th government under the Prime minister Bülent Ecevit

Family life
Sezer is married and has two children.

References

1957 births
Living people
People from Eskişehir
Democratic Left Party (Turkey) politicians
Leaders of political parties in Turkey
Government ministers of Turkey
Members of the 21st Parliament of Turkey
Members of the 57th government of Turkey
Gazi University alumni
Ministers of State of Turkey
Hot isostatic pressing. Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) is a manufacturing process, used to reduce the porosity of metals and increase the density of many ceramic materials. This improves the material's mechanical properties and workability. 

The process can be used to produce waste form classes. Calcined radioactive waste (waste with additives) is packed into a thin walled metal canister. The adsorbed gases are removed with high heat and the remaining material compressed to full density using argon gas during the heat cycle. This process can shrink steel canisters to minimize space in disposal containers and during transport. It was invented in the 1950s at the Battelle Memorial Institute and has been used to prepare nuclear fuel for submarines since the 1960s. It is used to prepare inactive ceramics as well, and the Idaho National Laboratory has validated it for the consolidation of radioactive ceramic waste forms. ANSTO (Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation) is using HIP as part of a process to immobilize waste radionuclides from molybdenum-99 production.

The HIP process subjects a component to both elevated temperature and isostatic gas pressure within a high-pressure containment vessel, unlike the cold isostatic pressing (CIP), where the component is maintained at room temperature. The pressurizing gas most widely used is argon. An inert gas is used so that the material does not chemically react. The choice of metal can minimize negative effects of chemical reactions. Nickel, stainless or mild steel, or other metals can be chosen depending on the desired redox conditions. The chamber is heated, causing the pressure inside the vessel to increase. Many systems use associated gas pumping to achieve the necessary pressure level. Pressure is applied to the material from all directions (hence the term "isostatic").

For processing castings, metal powders can also be turned to compact solids by this method, the inert gas is applied between  and , with  being most common. Process soak temperatures range from  for aluminium castings to  for nickel-based superalloys. When castings are treated with HIP, the simultaneous application of heat and pressure eliminates internal voids and microporosity through a combination of plastic deformation, creep, and diffusion bonding; this process improves fatigue resistance of the component. Primary applications are the reduction of microshrinkage, the consolidation of powder metals, ceramic composites and metal cladding. Hot isostatic pressing is thus also used as part of a sintering (powder metallurgy) process and for fabrication of metal matrix composites,
often being used for postprocessing in additive manufacturing.

References

External links
 European Powder Metallurgy Association (EPMA) - Hot Isostatic Pressing EPMA HIP info page

Industrial processes
Metallurgical processes
Metalworking
Criticality. Criticality may refer to:

Physics terms
Critical phenomena, the collective name associated with the physics of critical points
Critical point (thermodynamics), the end point of a phase equilibrium curve
Quantum critical point, a special class of continuous phase transition that takes place at absolute zero

Nuclear-physics terms
Critical mass, referring to criticality in nuclear physics, when a nuclear reactor's fissionable material can sustain a chain reaction by itself
Criticality (status), a milestone in the commissioning of a nuclear power plant
Criticality accident, an uncontrolled nuclear chain reaction
Nuclear criticality safety, the prevention of nuclear and radiation accidents resulting from an inadvertent, self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction
Prompt critical, an assembly for each nuclear fission event

Other terms
Critical thinking, in education
Criticality index, in risk analysis
Criticality matrix, a representation (often graphical) of failure modes along with their probabilities and severities
Self-organized criticality, a property of (classes of) dynamical systems which have a critical point as an attractor
British Rail Class 950. The British Rail Class 950 is a diesel multiple unit that was purpose-built by British Rail Engineering Limited's Holgate Road carriage works for the British Rail Research Division for use as a track assessment unit. It is currently operated by Network Rail.

Description

It was built in 1987 using the same bodyshell as the Class 150/1 Sprinters. It was originally classified as a Class 150, but was reclassified into the departmental series. As part of the privatisation of British Rail, it passed to Railtrack in 1994 and then Network Rail in 2002. The unit is formed of two driving motor vehicles, numbered 999600 and 999601.

Current operations
The unit is currently painted in a plain overall yellow livery with Network Rail branding. It mostly works on branch lines, where the track quality is not good enough for larger and heavier track assessment stock. It is able to operate over most railway lines around Great Britain. The unit is based at the Railway Technical Centre in Derby.

Future
In December 2024, Network Rail announced that the unit would be withdrawn and scrapped, to be replaced by additional (modified) Class 153s.

Fleet details

References

External links

950
Non-passenger multiple units
Train-related introductions in 1987
Track recording trains
British Rail Departmental Units
Sose. Sose, SOSE or SoSE may refer to:

Acronyms
Service-oriented software engineering, a software engineering methodology
System of systems engineering (SoSE), a methodology

People
Sose Mayrig (1868–1953), Armenian 
Sosé Onasakenrat (1845–1881), Mohawk chief

Other uses 
Sose International Film Festival, held in Yerevan, Armenia, since 2014
Aero Commander 100. The Aero Commander 100, various models of which were known as the Darter Commander and Lark Commander, is an American light aircraft produced in the 1960s. It was a high-wing monoplane of conventional design, equipped with fixed tricycle undercarriage.

Design and development
The aircraft was originally designed by Volaircraft, first flying in 1960.  The firm marketed the original three-seat version as the Volaire 1035 and a four-seat version with a more powerful engine as the Volaire 1050 before North American Rockwell purchased all rights to the design on July 12, 1965, for production by its Aero Commander division.  Production of the Darter Commander version continued until 1969 and of the revised Lark Commander until 1971 (by which time, Rockwell had dropped the Aero Commander brand name).

A Volaire 1050 was exhibited at the 1966 Hanover Air Show and later sold to Finland.  Other examples of the type were exported to Australia and Canada.

Finding the light aircraft market too competitive for its liking, Rockwell ceased production of the Lark Commander in 1971 and sold the rights to all versions of the aircraft to Phoenix Aircraft of Euclid, Ohio, but this company never actually put it into production.

Variants

Volaircraft
 Model 10 – prototypes
 Volaire 1035 – three-seat production version powered by Lycoming O-290
 Volaire 1050 – four-seat production version powered by Lycoming O-320

Aero Commander/Rockwell

 Aero Commander 100 – alias Volaire 1050
 Aero Commander 100A – alias Volaire 1035
 Darter Commander – 100 with revised windows and other minor modifications
 Lark Commander 180 – revised aerodynamics, with swept fin and rudder and  Lycoming O-360-A2F engine. Production from 1968.

Specifications (Darter Commander)

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

 Taylor, John W. R. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1969–70. London:Jane's Yearbooks, 1969.

External links

 The Volaircraft Darter – Aviation History Online Museum

1960s United States civil utility aircraft
100
High-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1960
Aircraft with fixed tricycle landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
Interceptor 400. The Interceptor 400 was a turboprop-powered single-engined light aircraft developed from the Meyers 200 single-engine piston plane. It attracted buyers but was unable to obtain adequate manufacturing financing, and was perhaps too far ahead of its time.  In the late 1960s and early 1970s, at the time of its development, the market for single-engined turboprops was still a decade away.

Design and development
Development of the aircraft commenced when Lymon Lyon approached Aero Commander to build him a one-off modification of the 200, to be powered by a turboprop.  His request came just as Aero Commander was realizing that the 200 piston engine aircraft was not economically viable in volumes they sought, and instead, offered to sell Lyon the 200 type certificate and work that Aero Commander had begun on a turbine engine conversion model 400 instead.  Lyon and a group of investors assembled by entrepreneur and merger and acquisition expert Thomas W Itin, then formed the Interceptor Corporation to develop and market the 400 turbine engine version, the Interceptor 400 aircraft.

The plant was moved from the Aero Commander site in Albany, Georgia, to Norman, Oklahoma, where the engineering was completed for the Interceptor 400 type certificate

Its first flight was on June 27, 1969, and certification was obtained in 1971. However, without adequately funded  buyers, major Interceptor investor Paul Luce eventually took possession of the company's intellectual property and the prototype Interceptor 400 when the firm could not repay capital he had loaned it. The rights were then owned by Prop-Jets Inc, in which Luce maintained a 50% stake. Later Prop-Jets changed its name to Interceptor Aircraft Company, with Mr. Luce no longer being involved.  There is one Interceptor 400 plane still registered and still flying.

A militarized version, the Interceptor I400-M reached at least the planning stage. It was envisaged for a wide variety of roles, including training,  reconnaissance, Forward Air Control, and Counterinsurgency, as well as general utility duties.

On May 22, 2014, Global Parts Group, of Augusta, Kansas, announced they had acquired the type certificate of the Interceptor 400 and the Meyers 200 aircraft models.  The Global Parts Group formed a separate affiliate company, Interceptor Aviation Inc., for the ownership of the type certificate, along with all assets and intellectual property related to both the Interceptor 400 and Meyers 200 type designs.  The aircraft design and tooling were discovered in storage in a barn on a farm in Wichita, Kansas.

Specifications (Interceptor 400)

See also

References

 Taylor, John W. R. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1971–72. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Co, 1971. .

External links
 Meyers Aircraft Home Page
 Meyers Aircraft Owner Community by Type Certificate and OEM assets holder, Global Parts Group, Inc. 
 Aviation Journalist Bud Davisson's review of the Interceptor 400

1960s United States civil utility aircraft
Single-engined turboprop aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1969
Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear
400
Volaircraft. Volaircraft Inc was a US aircraft manufacturer established in Aliquippa, Pennsylvania in 1958 by Jack Gilberti to produce a light utility aircraft, known as the Volaire. The firm and the rights to its aircraft were purchased by North American Rockwell in 1965, operating as the Aliquppa Division of Aero Commander, itself a division of Rockwell Standard.

References

Notes

Bibliography

 Gunston, Bill. World Encyclopedia of Aircraft Manufacturers. Stroud, UK: Sutton Publishing, Second edition, 2005. .
 Taylor, John W. R. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1965–66. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, 1965.

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the United States
Meyers Aircraft Company. The Meyers Aircraft Company was a US aircraft manufacturer established by Al Meyers in Tecumseh, Michigan, in 1936 at what is now Meyers–Diver's Airport.

History 
Originally, the company produced a biplane trainer, the Meyers OTW, but after World War II developed a range of light utility aircraft, culminating in the Meyers 200. In 1965, the company and the rights to two of its aircraft, the 145 and 200 were purchased by the Aero Commander Division of Rockwell-Standard.

Post-acquisition 
In 1977, a company in Denver bought the tooling and rights to the Meyers 200 and attempted to put it back into production. By 1994, the type certificate for the MAC-145 was owned by a company in Fayetteville, North Carolina. By 1996, a company called the New Meyers Aircraft Company had started construction on a new factory in Fort Pierce, Florida. The company planned to build a development of the MAC-145 called the SP20.

Aircraft

References

External links

 
 Meyers Aircraft Owner Community by Type Certificate and OEM assets holder, Global Parts Group, Inc.

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the United States
Tecumseh, Michigan

Defunct manufacturing companies based in Michigan
Interceptor Corporation. Interceptor Corporation was a US firm founded in Norman, Oklahoma to develop and market a turboprop-powered version of the Meyers 200, known as the Interceptor 400. In the early 1970s, the market was not yet ready for a turboprop-powered single-engine aircraft, and the company failed. Rights to all aircraft were eventually acquired by Prop-Jets Inc in 1983.

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the United States
Defunct manufacturing companies based in Oklahoma