omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Sequential access memory. In computing, sequential access memory (SAM) is a class of data storage devices that read stored data in a sequence. This is in contrast to random access memory (RAM) where data can be accessed in any order. Sequential access devices are usually a form of magnetic storage or optical storage.

While sequential access memory is read in sequence, arbitrary locations can still be accessed by "seeking" to the requested location. This operation, however, is often relatively inefficient (see seek time, rotational latency).

Magnetic sequential access memory is typically used for secondary storage in general-purpose computers due to their higher density at lower cost compared to RAM, as well as resistance to wear and non-volatility. Magnetic tape is a type of sequential access memory still in use; historically, drum memory has also been used.

See also 
 Sequential access
 Basic sequential access method (BSAM)
 Queued sequential access method (QSAM)
 Secondary storage
 Hard disk drive
 Solid-state drive
 Magnetic storage
 Magnetic tape
 Drum memory
 Locality of reference
 Streaming media

References 

Computer memory
Collodion-albumen process. The Collodion-Albumen process is one of the early dry plate processes, invented by Joseph Sidebotham in 1861.

The process lacked economical success because the plate was much less sensitive (about 1/4) and tended to have harder contrasts than wet plates. While the first was acknowledged by Sidebotham, the latter were disputed by him indicating the fact that the 1860  gold medal for the best landscape photography was made with a Collodion-Albumen plate (Recreative Science, 1861 P 43).

Process 

There are several compounds unstable to light in this mixture, mainly silver iodine and silver bromide. These decompose and leave silver that is oxidized by the developer (Pyrogallic Developing Solution). The excess of silver iodine and silver bromide are stabilized by the fixing bath. The albumen mixture just encloses the Collodion in a dry environment.

Sources 
The Collodio-Albumen Process of Photography, Joseph Sidebotham (London : Recreative Science Vol II 1861)
History of Photography, Josef Maria Eder (Dover Publications, Mineola, NY, 1945)

English inventions
Photographic processes dating from the 19th century
Werner Fischer. Werner Fischer (born November 7, 1939) is a German academic, professor and engineer. Between 1980 and 1990 he served as vice-president and between 1990 and 2005 as the president of Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences (HAK). In 2005, Fischer has been a recipient of the Cross of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany. He is the father of the politicians Axel Fischer and Lutz Fischer.

Early life and education 
Fischer was born in Epfenbach, Baden-Württemberg, Nazi Germany (presently Germany). He completed his Abitur at Wilhelmi-Gymnasium in Sinsheim and then studied mechanical engineering at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology.

Personal life 
Fischer resides in Stutensee.

Awards 

 Prize recipient of the International Society of Engineering Pedagogics (1992)
 Honorary Gold Medal of the Community Day of Baden-Württemberg (1994)
 Honorary Doctorate of Georgian Technical University (1997)
 Honorary Doctorate of Nottingham Trent University (1998)
 Golden Badge of Honor of the International Society of Engineering Pedagogics (2003)
 Federal Cross of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (2003)
 Honorary Curator of Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences (2005)
 Cross of Merit of Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences (2005)
 Medal of Honor of Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences (2019)

External links 
http://www.hs-karlsruhe.de/servlet/PB/menu/1007254_pcont_l1/content.html (German!)
Website about Re-Election as President in 2002 on web.archive.org

References 

1939 births
Living people
People from Rhein-Neckar-Kreis
People from the Republic of Baden
Academic staff of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
Recipients of the Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Sidney Redner. Sidney Redner (born 1951) is a Canadian-born physicist, professor, and a resident faculty member at the Santa Fe Institute. He was formerly department chair of physics at Boston University.  Redner has published over 200 journal articles, authored a book titled A Guide to First-Passage Processes (2001, ), and coauthored a book titled A Kinetic View of Statistical Physics (2010, ) with Pavel L. Krapivsky and Eli Ben-Naim.  His research focuses mainly on non-equilibrium statistical mechanics and network structure.  He received his Ph.D. in physics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1977 under Gene Stanley, also on faculty at Boston University.

He was awarded the American Physical Society's Leo P. Kadanoff Prize for 2021.

References

External links
 Personal Web site

1951 births
Living people
Jewish American scientists
Boston University faculty
Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science alumni
Probability theorists
21st-century American physicists
Santa Fe Institute people
21st-century American Jews
Statistical physicists
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Light-induced voltage alteration. Light-induced voltage alteration (LIVA) is a semiconductor analysis technique that uses a laser or infrared light source to induce voltage changes in a device while scanning the beam of light across its surface. The technique relies upon the generation of electron-hole pairs in the semiconductor material when exposed to photons.

Theory of operation
The device to be analyzed is biased using a constant current power supply. As the light source is scanned across the surface of the silicon, electron-hole pairs are generated. This causes subtle alterations of the operating characteristics of the device, which may result in slight changes to the power supply voltage. Any changes that are detected in the power supply voltage are noted and correlated with the position of the light source on the device. This allows the physical locations corresponding to power supply fluctuations to be mapped onto an image of the device. This provides the device analyst with specific locations at which the device may be examined for defects.

Notes

References 
.

Semiconductor analysis
Stebbins High School. Walter E. Stebbins High School is part of the Mad River Local School District. The school is located in Riverside, Ohio, United States and serves over 1000 students.  Stebbins's mascot is the Indian.  The new portion of the school building was opened in August 2005. Stebbins is well known for its technical prep program, which offers a "major" for students in fields such as Graphic Design, HVAC, Construction, Manufacturing, and Engineering.  Those who complete the two-year program also receive a scholarship to Sinclair Community College.

Stebbins met ten of the twelve state indicators for the 2010–2011 school year (missing the State targets for 10th and 11th Grade Science), earning it an "Effective" rating.

The AFJROTC red beret drill team won state titles for 18 years in a row, as well as four national titles.

On February 29, 2008, Stebbins won its first team Ohio High School Athletic Association state championship in any sport when the Boys' Bowling team beat Centerville 802–766.  As of 2019–20, Stebbins is a member of the Miami Valley League (MVL).

Notable alumni
 Larry Augustin, founder of VA Software
 Dave Coleman, former MLB outfielder
 David Freeman Engstrom, LSVF Professor in Law at Stanford Law School
 Joe Greene, two time Olympic bronze medalist long jumper
 Charles Michael Davis, actor
 Jamal Robertson, NFL and CFL running back

References

External links
Official School website

High schools in Montgomery County, Ohio
Public high schools in Ohio
Acyclic diene metathesis. Acyclic diene metathesis or ADMET (distinguish from ADME) is a special type of olefin metathesis used to polymerize terminal dienes to polyenes:
 

The new double bonds formed can be in cis- or trans-configurations. The exact ratio depends on the identities of the monomer and catalyst.

ADMET is a type of step-growth, condensation polymerization. It should be distinguished from ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP), which is a chain-growth, addition polymerization. Whereas ADMET is driven by the release of volatile ethylene gas, ROMP is driven by the relief of ring-strain.

While the concept of ADMET had been discussed in the scientific literature since the 1970s, the first successful ADMET polymerization was reported in 1991.  In this report, 1,5-hexadiene and 1,9-decadiene were polymerized to 1,4-polybutadiene and poly(octenylene), respectively.  The polybutadiene had a weight average molar mass (Mw) of 28,000 with over 70% trans double bonds.  The poly(octenylene) had an Mw of 108,000 with over 90% trans double bonds.

ADMET has been applied in the synthesis of a variety of polymers.  Because of the higher degree of control in ADMET than in traditional radical polymerizations, it has been used to synthesize model polymers that would otherwise be difficult to prepare.  Examples include purely linear polyethylene, alternating and block copolymers of ethylene with various other vinyl monomers, chiral polymers and polymers with embedded amino acids.  The high functional group tolerance of ruthenium-catalyzed ADMET has been applied in the synthesis of new supramolecular structures.

References

Polymerization reactions
German submarine U-1059. German submarine U-1059 was a Type VIIF transport submarine of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

U-1059 was one of four Type VIIF torpedo transport submarines, which could carry 40 torpedoes, and were used to re-supply other U-boats at sea. U-1059 commissioned on 1 May 1943, first served with 5th U-boat Flotilla for training, and later served with 12th U-boat Flotilla from 1 January 1944 until 19 March 1944. U-1059 completed one torpedo transport patrol.

Design
As one of the four German Type VIIF submarines, U-1059 had a displacement of  when at the surface and  while submerged. She had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 supercharged four-stroke, six-cylinder diesel engines producing a total of  for use while surfaced, two AEG GU 460/8-276 double-acting electric motors producing a total of  for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two  propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to .

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of  and a maximum submerged speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate for  at ; when surfaced, she could travel  at . U-1059 was fitted with five  torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one  SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and various anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a normal complement of about forty-six.

Service history
While transporting torpedoes to Monsun Gruppe U-boats operating in the Far East, U-1059 was sunk on 19 March 1944 at , southwest of the Cape Verde Islands by Grumman TBF Avengers and Grumman F4F Wildcats from the escort carrier . Reports from the  are that initially there were 20 survivors, but because there were reports of a second U-boat in the area, the Corry was forced to stay away.  Of U-1059’s crew, 47 were killed and 8 survived the attack. The survivors were taken to Boston for medical attention.

Bibliography

References

External links

German Type VIIF submarines
U-boats commissioned in 1943
U-boats sunk in 1943
World War II submarines of Germany
1943 ships
World War II shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean
U-boats sunk by US aircraft
Ships built in Kiel
Maritime incidents in March 1944
A Change in the Weather. A Change in the Weather is a 1995 interactive fiction (IF) video game.

Developed by Andrew Plotkin, the game is written in version five of the Inform programming language, and compiled for the Z-machine, a virtual machine that allows interactive fiction to be played on a variety of platforms.  On June 24, 2014, Plotkin shared A Change in the Weather source code for "personal, educational use only."

The game tied for first place in the Inform category of the 1995 Interactive Fiction Competition.

As one of six IF games recommended by CU Amiga in 1998, Jason Compton called A Change in the Weather "Very, very hard, it challenges IF conventions and makes you think (and save your game) quite a lot." Interactive fiction scholar Nick Montfort called it "remarkable ... for its attempts to integrate the typical sorts of adventure-game puzzles with the description of landscape, the simulation of an animal character, and the emotional situation of the 'adventurer' player character".

A Change in the Weather is included in the game collection that comes with the popular IF interpreter Frotz for the iPhone.

References

External links
 

1990s interactive fiction
1995 video games
Video games with available source code
German submarine U-1061. German submarine U-1061 was one of a series of four Type VIIF submarine of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

U-1061 was one of four Type VIIF torpedo transport submarines, which could carry 40 torpedoes, and were used to re-supply other U-boats at sea. U-1061 commissioned on 25 August 1943, first served with 5th U-boat Flotilla for training, and later served with 12th U-boat Flotilla.

Design
As one of the four German Type VIIF submarines, U-1061 had a displacement of  when at the surface and  while submerged. She had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 supercharged four-stroke, six-cylinder diesel engines producing a total of  for use while surfaced, two AEG GU 460/8-276 double-acting electric motors producing a total of  for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two  propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to .

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of  and a maximum submerged speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate for  at ; when surfaced, she could travel  at . U-1061 was fitted with five  torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one  SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and various anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four.

Service history
U-1061 completed five torpedo transport patrols before she surrendered at Bergen, Norway on 9 May 1945, and was later transported to Scotland for Operation Deadlight in which she was sunk on 1 December 1945 by naval gunfire.

References

Bibliography

German Type VIIF submarines
U-boats commissioned in 1943
Operation Deadlight
1943 ships
World War II submarines of Germany
Ships built in Kiel
U-boats sunk in 1945
U-boats sunk by British warships
Ships sunk as targets
U-boats sunk by Polish warships
Maritime incidents in December 1945
Bernard Cabane. Bernard Cabane (born 12 October 1945) is a French mountaineer, scientist (physicist and chemist), director emeritus of the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) in ESPCI ParisTech where he worked with Nobel Laureate Pierre Gilles De Gennes and corresponding member of the French Academy of Sciences.  He was awarded the Silver Medal of the French National Center for Scientific Research. Expert in colloidal and surface science, wine tannins, polymers and surfactants, and fluid dynamics. In mountaineering, he is known for making the 7th ascent of Mt Salcantay in Peru.

References

External links
List of publications, articles, and research on Google Scholar

20th-century French scientists
Members of the French Academy of Sciences
Academic staff of ESPCI Paris
Living people
1945 births
French mountain climbers
Research directors of the French National Centre for Scientific Research
Vidya Prasarak Mandal's Polytechnic. Vidya Prasarak Mandal's (V.P.M.'s) College of Engineering is an institute for technical education in Thane, Maharashtra, India. It was founded in 1983, by Vidya Prasarak Mandal (VPM), Thane, a public education trust. The late Dr. V.N. Bedekar is one of the founding members of this institute. V.P.M.'s Polytechnic produces skilled technicians.
In 1956, the birth centenary year of Lokmanya Tilak, a young doctor named DR. V. N.Bedekar from Vile Parle started his practice in Thane. Inspired by Lokmanya's efforts in academic field, he joined Vidya Prasarak Mandal and soon became its president. 
He dreamed of creating an "Island Of Knowledge" (Janyandweepa) in Thane. Until his death (at the age of 85), he guided the institute. After his death, his son Dr. Vijay Bedekar became the President.

Location
It is located on  of creek land named 'Dnyanadweepa' donated by the Government of Maharashtra along with other institutes of Vidya Prasarak Mandal, Thane. The four buildings cover a sprawling area of over 6700 m2 with a workshop of 300 m2.
Since inception in 1983, and subsequent recognition by All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), the institute has grown firmly. It is the first Self Financing polytechnic in the Mumbai sub region to receive accreditation to four eligible diploma programs by the National Board of Accreditation in New Delhi.

Courses offered

Undergraduate (Diploma)
 Instrumentation Engineering
 Electrical Power Systems
 Industrial Electronics
 Information Technology
 Computer Engineering

Postgraduate diploma
 Advanced Diploma in Computer Software System Analysis and Applications (ADCSSAA)
 Advanced Diploma in Industrial Safety (ADIS)
 Post Diploma Course in Computer Maintenance Engineering

Universities and colleges in Maharashtra
Education in Thane
Educational institutions established in 1983
1983 establishments in Maharashtra
Shivaji Engineering College, Akola. Shri Shivaji Institute of Engineering and Management Studies at Parbhnani (SSIEMS) is an engineering college in Parbhani district in Maharashtra, India. The college is located in the heart of the city on Vasmat road Highway (NH-22) in Parbhani. 

SSIEMS established in 2010, is a private engineering institute run by the Shri Shivaji Education Society granting Bachelor of Engineering (BE) degrees in Civil, Mechanical, Electrical & Electronics, and Computer Science.  It is affiliated with BATU Lonere.

External links 
Shivaji Engineering College (COETA), Akola.

Engineering colleges in Maharashtra
Sant_Gadge_Baba_Amravati_University
Education in Akola
Monuments and memorials to Shivaji
Educational institutions established in 1983
1983 establishments in Maharashtra
Staggered. Stagger or staggered may refer to:

Science and technology

Engineering 
Stagger (aeronautics), the horizontal positioning of a plane's wings
Stagger, a motorsport term for the difference in size between right and left tires
Staggered Pin Grid Array, a style of arranging pins on an integrated circuit package
Staggered spinup, a method for preventing excessive power-consumption in computer disks

Chemistry and physics 
Staggered conformation, a chemical conformation of an ethane-like moiety
Staggered fermion, a model in quantum mechanics

Media 

Stagger (EP), by Poppy, 2022
Staggered (film), a 1994 British romantic comedy film

Society 
Staggered Board of Directors, a method of electing directors of a company or other organization
Staggered elections, a method of electing members of government

Transportation 
Staggered junction, a place where roads meet a main road at a slight distance apart
Staggered truss system, a type of structural steel framing used in high-rise buildings

See also
Stagger Lee (disambiguation)
Staggers (disambiguation)
1260 (computer virus). 1260, or V2PX, was a polymorphic computer virus written in 1989 by Mark Washburn. Derived from Ralf Burger's publication of the disassembled Vienna Virus source code, the 1260 added a cipher and varied its signature by randomizing its decryption algorithm. Both the 1260 and Vienna infect .COM files in the current or PATH directories upon execution. Changing an authenticated executable file is detected by most modern computer operating systems.

References

DOS file viruses
Hacking in the 1990s
Hacking in the 1980s
Wiswesser line notation. Wiswesser line notation (WLN), invented by William J. Wiswesser in 1949, was the first line notation capable of precisely describing complex molecules. It was the basis of ICI Ltd's CROSSBOW database system developed in the late 1960s. WLN allowed for indexing the Chemical Structure Index (CSI) at the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI). It was also the tool used to develop the CAOCI (Commercially Available Organic Chemical Intermediates) database, the datafile from which Accelrys' (successor to MDL) ACD file was developed. WLN is still being extensively used by BARK Information Services.  Descriptions of how to encode molecules as WLN have been published in several books.

Examples 
 1H : methane
 2H : ethane
 3H : propane
 1Y : isobutane
 1X : neopentane
 Q1 : methanol
 1R : toluene
 1V1 : acetone
 2O2 : diethyl ether
 1VR : acetophenone
 ZR CVQ : 3-aminobenzoic acid
 QVYZ1R : phenylalanine
 QX2&2&2 : 3-ethylpentan-3-ol
 QVY3&1VQ : 2-propylbutanedioic acid
 L66J BMR& DSWQ IN1&1 : 6-dimethylamino-4-phenylamino-naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid
 QVR-/G 5 : pentachlorobenzoic acid

References

External links 
 http://www.emolecules.com/doc/cheminformatics-101.htm
 Everything Old is New Again: Wiswesser Line Notation (WLN)

Chemical nomenclature
Cheminformatics
Encodings
Magewappa. is a traditional Japanese steam bending woodcraft found in Odate, Akita Prefecture, Japan. Magewappa products are known for the brilliant elegance of their straight grain, and the light yet rich color.

History
Magewappa was first made by woodcutters in the Odate area, using straight-grain Akita Cedar. The Lord of Odate Castle, Nishiie Satake, encouraged this craft, which has been passed on from generation to generation from the end of the Edo period to the present. With the emergence of plastics, it became economically necessary for some craftsmen to change their business. Since then more people are becoming aware of real quality and craftsmanship. Odate magewappa fits this description perfectly.

Process
For more than four hundred years the people of the area have exploited mountains, planted Japanese cedars, and repeated the process of weeding, pruning, and thinning out the forests every year to protect the beauty and health of the environment for the next generation

Trees
Out of four hundred saplings of Akita cedar planted, less than thirty might be found suitable to make products. Only Akita cedars over one hundred years old, which have survived the very severe weather conditions of northern Japan, can be bent in the manufacturing process mentioned above. Ones with a knot or even slight discoloration cannot be used.

See also 
Birch bark

Bento
Culture in Akita Prefecture
Food storage containers
Japanese woodwork
Japanese inventions
Japanese cuisine terms
Meals
Serving and dining