omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
BCI. BCI may refer to:

Organizations
 Bar Council of India
 Barts Cancer Institute, London, UK
 Bat Conservation International
 Battery Council International, American trade association
 BCI, an investigative law enforcement agency for the U.S. state of Ohio
 BCI Bus, an Australian bus and coach manufacturing company
 BCI Engineers & Scientists, Inc., formerly Bromwell & Carrier, Inc.
 Better Cotton Initiative
 Bonobo Conservation Initiative
 British Columbia Investment Management Corporation
 Broadcasting Commission of Ireland
 Broward Correctional Institution, Florida, US
 Business Continuity Institute, UK

Banks
 Banco de Crédito e Inversiones, a Chilean bank
 Banca Commerciale Italiana, a defunct Italian bank
 Banco Comercial e de Investimentos, in the list of banks in Mozambique
 Bank of the Cook Islands

Education
Benedict XVI Catholic Institute, Negombo, Sri Lanka
 Bluevale Collegiate Institute, Ontario, Canada
 Brantford Collegiate Institute, Ontario, Canada
 Brockville Collegiate Institute, Ontario, Canada
 Bahria College Islamabad, Pakistan

Science
 Boa constrictor imperator
 Book Citation Index
 Brain–computer interface

Other
 Barro Colorado Island, in Panama Canal
 Black Crown Initiate
 Baoulé language, ISO-639-2 language code bci
 Barcaldine Airport, IATA airport code "BCI"

See also
 BCCI (disambiguation)
EMD E7. The E7 was a , A1A-A1A passenger train locomotive built by General Motors' Electro-Motive Division of La Grange, Illinois. 428 cab versions, or E7As, were built from February 1945 to April 1949; 82 booster E7Bs were built from March 1945 to July 1948. (Circa 1953 one more E7A was built by the Los Angeles General Shops of the Southern Pacific by rebuilding an E2A.) The 2,000 hp came from two 12 cylinder model 567A engines. Each engine drove its own electrical generator to power the two traction motors on one truck. The E7 was the eighth model in a line of passenger diesels of similar design known as EMD E-units, and it became the best selling E model upon its introduction.

In profile the front of the nose of an E7A was less slanted than on earlier EMD passenger locomotives, and the E7, E8, and E9 units have been nicknamed “bulldog nose” units. Some earlier units were called “shovel nose” units or “slant nose” units.

In film
A Gulf, Mobile and Ohio Railroad E7A, #103-A, appears at the start and end of the 1967 film In The Heat of the Night.

A Southern Pacific E7A, #6001, is on the point of a train that figures prominently in "The Hitch-Hiker", a popular 1960 episode of the anthology television series, The Twilight Zone, starring Inger Stevens. (According to the narration, Steven's character is said to encounter the train somewhere between Pennsylvania and Tennessee, yet the locomotive's number board shows that the train, #99, is the Coast Daylight, which travelled between Los Angeles and San Francisco.)

In the 2010 miniseries The Pacific, filmed in Melbourne, S313, an example of the similar A16C export model, was painted to resemble Louisville & Nashville Railroad E7A 758 for filming, however it retained the livery for a short while after filming wrapped.

Surviving example
Ex-Pennsylvania Railroad E7A #5901 is preserved as the only surviving example of the E7. This locomotive has been cosmetically restored, and is currently on indoor display at the Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania, in Strasburg, Pennsylvania.

Original owners

See also 

List of GM-EMD locomotives

References

External links

 
 
 Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania – #5901 page (Archive of Webpage here.)

A1A-A1A locomotives
E7
Passenger locomotives
Diesel–electric locomotives of the United States
Railway locomotives introduced in 1945
Locomotives with cabless variants
Standard gauge locomotives of the United States
Streamlined diesel locomotives
EMC E4. The EMC E4 was a , A1A-A1A passenger train-hauling diesel locomotive built by the Electro-Motive Corporation of La Grange, Illinois.  All were built for the Seaboard Air Line Railway. The E4 was the fifth model in a long line of passenger diesels of similar design known as EMD E-units.

The  was achieved with two EMC model 567 V12 engines developing , each engine driving its own electrical generator to power the traction motors.

The front noses of the EA, E1A, E3A, E4A, E5A, and E6A cab units had a pronounced slant when viewed from the side. Therefore, these six models have been nicknamed "slant nose" units. Later E-unit models received the same blunted "bulldog nose" as the F-units.

Ironically, the E4 was produced before the E3. Both models were identical, save for the E4 having a pneumatically-operated nose door passageway in order to facilitate crew movement between units in a locomotive consist.

All the E4s were retired and scrapped by 1964.

Original owners

See also 

List of GM-EMD locomotives

References

External links
 

A1A-A1A locomotives
E4
Seaboard Air Line Railroad
Passenger locomotives
Diesel–electric locomotives of the United States
Railway locomotives introduced in 1938
Locomotives with cabless variants
Scrapped locomotives
Standard gauge locomotives of the United States
Streamlined diesel locomotives
EMC E3. The EMC E3 is a , A1A-A1A diesel-electric passenger locomotive that was manufactured by Electro-Motive Corporation of La Grange, Illinois as part of the E Series of EMC/EMD diesel passenger locomotives. The EMC demonstrator #822 was released from La Grange for test on September 12, 1938. The cab version, or E3A, was manufactured from September 1938 to June 1940, and 17 were produced. The booster version, or E3B, was manufactured in March 1939 and September 1939, and 2 were produced. The  was achieved by putting two , 12-cylinder, model 567 engines in the engine compartment. Each engine drove its own electrical generator to power the traction motors. The E3 was the fourth model in a long line of passenger diesels of similar design known as EMD E-units.

Compared with passenger locomotives made later by EMD, the noses of the E3, E4, E5, and E6 cab units had pronounced slants when viewed from the side. Therefore, these four models have been nicknamed "slant nose" units. Later E models had the more vertical "bulldog nose" of the F series.  E3 demonstrator 822 was built with a nose identical to earlier EA and E1A units, but later locomotives in the series featured an elevated headlamp mounted in a nacelle, distinct from the flush profile mounting of the earlier units.  822 was modified in a similar fashion prior to delivery to the Kansas City Southern Railway.

Engine and powertrain
The E3 introduced a 12-cylinder version of the 567 series Diesel engine, with two being used for a total of 2,000 hp at 800 rpm. Earlier E-units had used two Winton 201A prime movers, but that engine was ill-suited to railroad use and was unreliable. The 567, which was specifically designed for railroad motive power applications, is a mechanically aspirated, two-stroke 45-degree V-type with  displacement per cylinder, and remained in production until 1966. Two direct current generators, one per engine, provide power to four traction motors, two on each truck, in an A1A-A1A arrangement. This truck design was used on all E-units and on MP 7100, CB&Q 9908, and Rock Island AB6 power cars. EMC/EMD has built all of its major components since 1939.

Original owners

A units

B units

Surviving example
The only remaining E3 is ex-Atlantic Coast Line Railroad E3A #501. It was formerly owned by the late Glen Monhart, and operated on excursions in Wisconsin. Today, it is owned by the North Carolina Dept. of Transportation Rail Division, and is on long-term loan to the North Carolina Transportation Museum, in Spencer, North Carolina. It is stored in operating condition, and is run occasionally. In January 2013, NCDOT transferred ownership of the engine to the NC Department of Cultural Resources, Spencer Shops parent organization.

See also 

List of GM-EMD locomotives

References

Bibliography

External links

 North Carolina Transportation Museum

Diesel–electric locomotives of the United States
A1A-A1A locomotives
E3
Passenger locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1939
Locomotives with cabless variants
Standard gauge locomotives of the United States
Streamlined diesel locomotives
Professionals Australia. Professionals Australia, formerly the Association of Professional Engineers, Scientists and Managers Australia (APESMA), is an Australian trade union registered under state and federal industrial relations acts. It is affiliated with the Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU).

Professionals Australia organises workers across a broad range of workplaces and industries. It also performs many of the functions of a professional association as providing registration services for professional Engineers.  Unlike most Australian unions, Professionals Australia is not affiliated to a political party.

Its membership is drawn from diverse professions, including such as engineers, managers, architects, IT professionals, pharmacists, and collieries staff, and is organised along occupational lines.

History

Professionals Australia offer assessment in the areas of Civil, Electrical, Information, Technology and Telecommunications, Management, Mechanical and Structural Engineering.

A new division for video game developers, under Game Workers Unite Australia, will be added in 2022.

Industrial coverage
Professionals Australia has industrial coverage over:

 Engineers
 Pharmacists
 Scientists
 Collieries’ staff and officials
 Veterinarians
 Translators and interpreters
 Australian Government and Defence
 Information Technology (IT workers)
 Video game workers
 Software Developers
 Ambulance managers & professionals (Victoria)
 University students
 Local government engineers (New South Wales)
 Architects
 Managers and other professionals

References

External links

Rules of the Association
Member Advantage Benefits Programs
See also Australian Council of Professions

1917 establishments in Australia
T
Engineering societies based in Australia
Professional associations based in Australia
Trade unions affiliated with the Australian Council of Trade Unions
Trade unions established in 1917
Trade unions in Australia
Dosmatic U.S.A.. Dosmatic U.S.A., Inc. (also known as Dosmatic) is a Texas-based company which manufactures dosing pumps, fertigators, medicators and chemical injectors.

Dosmatic U.S.A. International, Inc. was founded in 1981 by Frank Walton as a small sales company for chemical injectors. Since then, Dosmatic became the leading manufacturer of non-electric, fluid-driven proportional injection technology. Dosmatic has been the provider to OEMs, distributors and service centers throughout the world.

Dosmatic manufactured injectors and pumps for the following market applications: animal health, bio-decontamination, diesel fuel additives, firefighting and fire prevention, food processing, golf course management, horticulture, pest control, printing, vehicle wash, waste-water treatment and other specialty applications.

Dosmatic grew from its headquarters in Carrollton, to offices in France, Belgium, Thailand, Japan, Australia and Argentina. The company exported products to over 70 countries worldwide. Additionally, Dosmatic had a worldwide network of over 500 distributors and regional service centers.

In 2011, Dosmatic was purchased by Hydro Systems Co. Inc. a division of Dover Corporation. Hydro is the world's largest independent manufacturer of chemical injecting, proportioning, dispensing equipment serving the janitorial, institutional, food service, commercial cleaning, industrial, automotive care markets, animal health and water treatment markets.

References

External links
 Dosmatic U.S.A., Inc. website
 Hydro Systems Co. website

1981 establishments in Texas
Chemical companies established in 1981
Chemical companies of the United States
Companies based in Carrollton, Texas
Medical technology companies of the United States
Technology companies established in 1981
Technology companies of the United States
Independent Electricity System Operator. The Independent Electricity System Operator (IESO) is the Crown corporation responsible for operating the electricity market and directing the operation of the bulk electrical system in the province of Ontario, Canada. It is one of seven independent system operators in North America.

The IESO was established in April 1999 as the Independent Electricity Market Operator (IMO) under the government of Ontario during the premiership of Mike Harris in preparation for deregulation of the province's electrical supply and transmission system. As part of government plans to privatize the assets of Ontario Hydro, the utility was split into five separate Crown corporations with the IMO responsible for directing the flow of electricity across the high-voltage, province-wide network owned by Hydro One and other transmission companies. It was also given the responsibility of managing and operating the competitive wholesale electricity market and working with neighbouring jurisdictions to manage an integrated North American electricity network.

The IMO was renamed to the IESO in January 2005 as a result of the passage of Bill 100, which redefined the direction of deregulation and also led to the creation of the Ontario Power Authority.

As a Crown corporation, IESO is owned by the government of Ontario but operates at arms-length. It is governed by a board whose directors are appointed by the provincial government, its fees and licences are set by the Ontario Energy Board and it operates independently of all participants in the electricity market.

In April 2012, the Energy Minister of Ontario Chris Bentley introduced legislation in provincial Parliament to merge the Ontario Power Authority and IESO. The merger was expected to take place in late 2012. After the Premier of Ontario Dalton McGuinty resigned in the fall of 2012, the merger was postponed.

As of January 1, 2015 the IESO and the Ontario Power Authority were merged.

See also
 Ontario Hydro
 Ontario Power Generation
 Hydro One

References

External links

Ontario Energy Board
"Where is my Electricity Coming From at this Hour? (if I lived in Ontario)" (Canadian Nuclear Society, with data from IESO)

Ontario electricity policy
Crown corporations of Ontario
Ontario Hydro
Ontario government departments and agencies
Electric power transmission system operators in Canada
1999 establishments in Ontario
Emery (rock). Emery, or corundite, is a dark granular rock used to make an abrasive powder. The rock largely consists of corundum (aluminium oxide), mixed with other minerals. Industrial emery may contain a variety of other minerals and synthetic compounds. Crushed or naturally eroded emery (known as black sand) is used as an abrasive. Turkey and Greece are the main suppliers of the world's emery.

Description 
Emery is a granular rock used to make an abrasive powder. It largely consists of corundum (aluminium oxide), mixed with other minerals such as the iron-bearing spinels, hercynite, and magnetite, and also rutile (titania). Industrial emery may contain a variety of other minerals and synthetic compounds such as magnesia, mullite, and silica.

Emery is black or dark grey in colour, less dense than translucent-brown corundum with a specific gravity of between 3.5 and 3.8.  Because it can be a mixture of minerals, no definite Mohs hardness can be assigned: the hardness of corundum is 9 and that of some spinel-group minerals is near 8, but the hardness of others such as magnetite is near 6.

Use 
Crushed or naturally eroded emery (known as black sand) is used as an abrasive—for example, on emery boards and emery cloth. It is also used as a traction enhancer in asphalt and tarmac mixtures.

A small quantity of emery is used in coated abrasive products, but its main use in the United States is wear-resistant floors and pavements. Many tons are shipped to Asia to be used in grinding rice.

Solomon's shamir, a substance used to cut stone during construction of the First Temple, was likely emery.

Harvest 
Turkey and Greece are the main suppliers of the world's emery. These two countries produced about 17,500 tons of the mineral in 1987.

The Greek island of Naxos used to be the main source of this industrially important rock type. It has been mined on the eastern side of Naxos for well over two thousand years as mentioned by Pliny the Elder's The Natural History, book XXXVII, chp. 32. However, demand for emery has decreased with the development of sintered carbide and oxide materials as abrasives.

Safety 
In the United States, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration has set permissible exposure limits for emery in the workplace: TWA 15 mg/m3 total exposure and TWA 5 mg/m3 respiratory exposure.

See also
 Emery paper

References

Further reading

External links

 CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
 

Aluminium minerals
Abrasives
Corundum varieties
Oxide minerals
Iron minerals
Hercynite. Hercynite is a spinel mineral with the formula FeAl2O4.

It occurs in high-grade metamorphosed iron-rich argillaceous (clay-containing) sediments as well as in mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks. Due to its hardness it also is found in placers.

It was first described in 1847 and its name originates from the Latin name for the Harz, Silva Hercynia, where the species was first found.

Hercynite is a spinel of regular symmetry and normal cation distribution, but some disorder occurs in its structure. It consists of ferrous (Fe2+) ions and aluminium ions (Al3+); however some ferric ions (Fe3+) may be located in the structure of hercynite.

Melting point of this mineral is inbetween .

References

Iron minerals
Aluminium minerals
Oxide minerals
Spinel group
Cubic minerals
Minerals in space group 227
Minerals described in 1847
Dynamic Monte Carlo method. In chemistry, dynamic Monte Carlo (DMC) is a Monte Carlo method for modeling the dynamic behaviors of molecules by comparing the rates of individual steps with random numbers. It is essentially the same as Kinetic Monte Carlo. Unlike the Metropolis Monte Carlo method, which has been employed to study systems at equilibrium, the DMC method is used to investigate non-equilibrium systems such as a reaction, diffusion, and so-forth (Meng and Weinberg 1994). This method is mainly applied to analyze adsorbates' behavior on surfaces.

There are several well-known methods for performing DMC simulations, including the First Reaction Method (FRM) and Random Selection Method (RSM). Although the FRM and RSM give the same results from a given model, the computer resources are different depending on the applied system.

In the FRM, the reaction whose time is minimum on the event list is advanced. In the event list, the tentative times for all possible reactions are stored. After the selection of one event, the system time is advanced to the reaction time, and the event list is recalculated. This method is efficient in computation time because the reaction always occurs in one event. On the other hand, it consumes a lot of computer memory because of the event list. Therefore, it is difficult to apply to large-scale systems.

The RSM decides whether the reaction of the selected molecule proceeds or not by comparing the transition probability with a random number. In this method, the reaction does not necessarily proceed in one event, so it needs significantly more computation time than FRM. However, this method saves computer memory because it does not use an event list. Large-scale systems are able to be calculated by this method.

See also
 Hybrid Monte Carlo

References 

 (Meng and Weinberg 1994): B. Meng and W. H. Weinberg, J. Chem. Phys. 100, 5280 (1994)
 (Meng and Weinberg 1996): B. Meng, W.H. Weinberg, Surface Science 364 (1996) 151-163.

Monte Carlo methods
Computational chemistry
Phosphorine. Phosphorine (IUPAC name: phosphinine) is a heavier element analog of pyridine, containing a phosphorus atom instead of an aza- moiety. It is also called phosphabenzene and belongs to the phosphaalkene class. It is a colorless liquid that is mainly of interest in research.

Phosphorine is an air-sensitive oil but is otherwise stable when handled using air-free techniques (however, substituted derivatives can often be handled under air without risk of decomposition). In contrast, silabenzene, a related heavy-element analogue of benzene, is not only air- and moisture-sensitive but also thermally unstable without extensive steric protection.

History
The first phosphorine to be isolated is 2,4,6-triphenylphosphorine. It was synthesized by Gottfried Märkl in 1966 by condensation of the corresponding pyrylium salt and phosphine or its equivalent ( P(CH2OH)3 and P(SiMe3)3).

The (unsubstituted) parent phosphorine was reported by Arthur J. Ashe III in 1971. Ring-opening approaches have been developed from phospholes.

Structure, bonding, and properties
Structural studies by electron diffraction reveal that phosphorine is a planar aromatic compound with 88% of aromaticity of that of benzene. Potentially relevant to its high aromaticity are the well matched electronegativities of phosphorus (2.1) and carbon (2.5). The P–C bond length is 173 pm and the C–C bond lengths center around 140 pm  and show little variation.

Although phosphorine and pyridine are structurally similar, phosphorines are far less basic. The pKa of C5H5PH+ and C5H5NH+ are respectively −16.1 and +5.2.  The P-oxides are extremely unstable, rapidly adding nucleophiles to a species tetracoordinate at phosphorus.  Strongly backbonding Lewis acids (e.g. tungsten pentacarbonyl) can stabilize a dative bond from phosphorus.  

Both electrophiles and strong, hard nucleophiles preferentially attack at phosphorus, but the ring aromaticity is sufficiently weak that the result is an addition reaction, and not aromatic substitution.  Thus for example methyllithium adds to phosphorus in phosphorine whereas it adds to the 2-position of pyridine.  Halophosphorines do undergo noble-metal- or zirconocene-catalyzed substitution, and λ5-phosphorines exhibit a much more traditional substitution chemistry.  

Unlike arsabenzene, phosphorine rarely participates in Diels-Alder-type cycloadditions; when it does, the coupling partner must be an extremely electron-poor alkyne.  Phosphorine complexes are tolerable Diels-Alder reactants.

Coordination chemistry
Coordination complexes bearing phosphorine as a ligand are known. Phosphorines can bind to metals through phosphorus center.  Complexes of the diphospha analogue of 2,2′-bipyridine are known. Phosphorines also form pi-complexes, illustrated by V(η6-C5H5P)2.

See also 
 Six-membered aromatic rings with one carbon replaced by an element from another group: borabenzene, silabenzene, germabenzene, stannabenzene, pyridine, phosphorine, arsabenzene, stibabenzene, bismabenzene, pyrylium, thiopyrylium, selenopyrylium, telluropyrylium

References 

 

Phosphorus heterocycles
Six-membered rings
Substances discovered in the 1970s