omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Perforated metal. Perforated metal, also known as perforated sheet, perforated plate, or perforated screen, is sheet metal that has been manually or mechanically stamped or punched using CNC technology or in some cases laser cutting to create different holes sizes, shapes and patterns. Materials used to manufacture perforated metal sheets include stainless steel, cold rolled steel, galvanized steel, brass, aluminum, tinplate, copper, Monel, Inconel, titanium, plastic, and more.

The process of perforating metal sheets has been practiced for over 150 years. In the late 19th century, metal screens were used as an efficient means of separating coal. The first perforators were laborers who would manually punch individual holes into the metal sheet. This proved to be an inefficient and inconsistent method which led to the development of new techniques, such as perforating the metal with a series of needles arranged in a way that would create the desired hole pattern.

Modern day perforation methods involve the use of technology and machines. Common equipment used for the perforation of metal include rotary pinned perforation rollers, die and punch presses, and laser perforations.

Applications 
Perforated metal has been utilized across a variety of industries including, but not limited to:

 Architectural - infill panels, sunshade, cladding, column covers, metal signage, site amenities, fencing screens, etc.
 Food & beverage - beehive construction, grain dryers, wine vats, fish farming, silo ventilation, sorting machines, fruit and vegetable juice presses, cheese molds, baking trays, coffee screens, etc.
 Chemical & energy - filters, centrifuges, drying machine baskets, battery separator plates, water screens, gas purifiers, liquid gas burning tubes, mine cages, coal washing, etc.
 Material development - glass reinforcement, cement slurry screens, dyeing machines, textile printers and felt mills, cinder screens, blast furnace screens, etc.
 Automotive - air filters, oil filters, silencer tubes, radiator grilles, running boards, flooring, motorcycle silencers, ventilation grids, tractor engine ventilation, sand ladders and mats, etc.
 Construction - ceiling noise protection, acoustic panels, stair treads, pipe guards, ventilation grilles, sun protection slats, facades, sign boards, temporary airfield surface, etc.

Benefits 
The acoustic performance of perforated metal helps people or workers to limit health effects from noise. Studies have shown that perforated metals help reduce sound levels.

Studies have shown that having buildings use perforated metal sheets in front of their façade can bring in one study 29% energy savings (HVAC + Lighting estimated consumption in 1 year) and in the second one 45% energy savings (heating, ventilation, air conditioning). Depending on the location of the building (intensity of the external sun), solar irradiation can be decrease by 77.9%.

See also 

 Europerf, the European trade association for the metal perforation industry

References

Metal forming
Gangdong Bridge. The Gangdong Bridge () is a bridge in over the Han River, South Korea, and connects the city of Guri and the Gangdong District of Seoul. This bridge is in Gyeonggi Province and opened in 1991. It is part of the Capital Region First Ring Expressway.

See also
List of Han River bridges

References

External links

Buildings and structures in Gwangjin District
Transport in Gwangjin District
Bridges in Seoul
Bridges in Guri
Bridges completed in 1991
1991 establishments in South Korea
Resende Nuclear Fuel Factory. The Nuclear Fuel Factory (FCN) is located near Resende, state of Rio de Janeiro, comprising three units, and has a production capacity of 280 tons of uranium per year. At present, FCN was modernized and produces at the Components and Assembly Unit the fuel rods and fuel elements needed for Brazilian nuclear reactors. The Reconversion and Pellets Production Unit is operating since 1999 with a capacity of 160 tons of UO2 pellets/year. The UO2 reconversion line uses the AUC process. The Nuclear Fuel Factory also produces other fuel element components, such as top and bottom nozzles, spacer grids and end plugs for export demands. Previously, Brazil supplied the uranium, which is transported to Canada where it’s converted into hexafluoride gas (UF6), and then to the United Kingdom for enrichment before it returns to Brazil for fabrication into fuel elements.

The unit has an in-house nuclear safety program and an external one, for environmental monitoring. A nuclear accounting system, internally implemented, required by the Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission (CNEN) and supervised by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) continuously performs a balance of the material in processing with a precision reaching tenths of milligrams.

In 2018 a seventh cascade of centrifuges was inaugurated, increasing enrichment capacity by 25%. This gives the plant the capacity to produce about 50% of the annual fuel requirements of Angra Nuclear Power Plant unit 1. The new cascade is the first part of a ten cascade expansion plan.

IAEA Inspections

By late 2003 the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) was negotiating with the Brazilian Government to ensure that the new uranium enrichment facility, due to begin operating in 2005, was properly safeguarded.

In April 2004 the Brazilian Government denied access for the IAEA inspectors to the uranium enrichment facility being built in Resende. The plant, scheduled to begin operation in October 2004, remains subject to IAEA inspections aimed at making sure it is not used for producing weapons-grade material. In February and March 2004 Brazil refused to let IAEA inspectors see equipment in the plant, citing a need to protect proprietary information. The IAEA had dispatched inspectors to Resende who found significant portions of the facility and its contents shielded from view. Walls had been built and coverings are draped over equipment.

By November 2004 the IAEA was able to reach an agreement in principle with the Brazilian government on a safeguards approach to verify the enrichment facilities in Brazil, at the Resende facility. This approach would enable the IAEA to do credible inspections but at the same time take care of Brazil's need to protect certain commercial sensitivity inside the facility.

References

External links

 INB (in Portuguese)

Nuclear facilities
Nuclear power in Brazil
Ericson 29. The Ericson 29 is an American sailboat that was designed by Bruce King as a cruiser and first built in 1970.

Production
The design was built by Ericson Yachts in the United States between 1970 and 1978, but it is now out of production.

Design

The Ericson 29 is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass, with wood trim. It has a masthead sloop rig, a raked stem; a raised counter, angled transom; an internally mounted spade-type rudder controlled by a tiller or optional wheel and a fixed fin keel. It displaces  and carries  of ballast.

A tall rig with  mast about  higher was a factory option for areas with lighter winds.

The boat has a draft of  with the standard keel.

The boat is fitted with a Universal Atomic 4  gasoline engine for docking and maneuvering. The fuel tank holds  and the fresh water tank has a capacity of .

The design has sleeping accommodation for five people, with a double "V"-berth in the bow cabin and two straight settee quarter berths in the main cabin along with a drop-leaf table and one quarter berth aft on the starboard side. The galley is located on the port side just forward of the companionway ladder. The galley is L-shaped and is equipped with an ice box and a sink. The head is located just aft of the bow cabin on the starboard side.

The design has a hull speed of .

See also
List of sailing boat types

References

External links

Ericson 29 interior video tour

Keelboats
1970s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Sailboat type designs by Bruce King
Sailboat types built by Ericson Yachts
Energen Wave Power. The Energen Wave Power device is a generator that uses the motion of near shore ocean surface waves to create electricity.  It is an attenuating wave device designed for extracting energy available from a single wave over a large surface area. It has a simple robust design that will enable it to withstand harsh sea conditions. The design of the generator allows for single or modular installations. Modular installations will reduce costs making power generating sites more financially viable. The size of each generator can be changed to accommodate regional wave conditions to maximise power output and reduce energy unit costs. All power generating equipment is housed in the parallel floating pontoons, providing protection from the harsh corrosive sea conditions.

Operation
The Energen device consists of a series of semi-submerged cylindrical pivoting torque tubes connected to two large cylindrical pontoons. The wave-induced movement of these torque tubes is resisted by a hydraulic system which pumps high pressure oil through hydraulic motors. The hydraulic motors drive electrical generators to produce electricity.

A 50th scale model has been tested at the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research in Stellenbosch and using actual wave data off the South African coast it is estimated that a single device will produce 1.4 MW of power, or 979 GW hours of electricity per annum.

See also 
Wave power
Ocean energy
Wave farm

References

External links
 http://www.csir.co.za/

Wave power
Power station technology
Conference on Implementation and Application of Automata. CIAA, the International Conference on Implementation and Application of Automata is an annual academic conference in the field of computer science. 
Its purpose is to bring together members of the academic, research, and industrial community who have an interest in the theory, implementation, and application of automata and related structures. There, the conference concerns research on all aspects of implementation and application of automata and related structures, including theoretical aspects. In 2000, the conference grew out of the Workshop on Implementation of Automata (WIA).

Like most theoretical computer science conferences its contributions are strongly peer-reviewed; the articles appear in proceedings published in Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Extended versions of selected papers of each year's conference alternatingly appear in the journals Theoretical Computer Science and International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science. Every year a best paper award is presented.

Topics of the Conference 
Since the focus of the conference is on applied theory, 
contributions usually come from a widespread range of application domains.  
Typical topics of the conference include, among others, the following, 
as they relate to automata:

 Bio-inspired computing
 Complexity of automata operations, state complexity
 Compilers
 Computer-aided verification, model checking
 Concurrency
 Data and image compression
 Design and architecture of automata software
 Document engineering
 Natural language processing
 Pattern matching
 Teaching of automata theory
 Text processing
 Techniques for graphical display of automata

History of the Conference 

The CIAA conference series was founded by Darrell Raymond and Derick Wood.
Since 2013, the Steering committee is chaired by Kai Salomaa.

See also 
List of computer science conferences contains other academic conferences in computer science

References 
.
.

External links 
 official website of CIAA
 CIAA proceedings information from DBLP
 "List of conferences and workshops" question at cstheory.stackexchange

Theoretical computer science conferences
Automata (computation)
Formal languages
Brian Anderson (electrical engineer). Brian David Outram Anderson  (born 15 January 1941) is Professor in the Research School of Information Sciences and Engineering at the Australian National University. His research interests include circuits, signal processing and control, and his current work focuses on distributed control of multi-agent systems, sensor network localization, adaptive and non-linear control. Professor Anderson served as President of the Australian Academy of Science from 1998 to 2002.

Anderson was elected as a member into the National Academy of Engineering in 2002 for his contributions to system and control theory, and for international leadership in promoting engineering science and technology.

Dianne Anderson is Brian's wife. They both live in Canberra.

Education
Anderson received a BS (1962) in mathematics and BE (1964) in electrical engineering from the University of Sydney and a PhD (1966) in electrical engineering from Stanford, under Robert W. Newcomb.

Awards and honours
 1992 – Matthew Flinders Medal and Lecture
 1992 – Hendrik W. Bode Lecture Prize
 1993 – Officer of the Order of Australia
 1997 – IEEE Control Systems Award
 1999 – Giorgio Quazza Medal
 2001 – IEEE James H. Mulligan, Jr. Education Medal
 2001 – Centenary Medal (Australia)
 2002  – M A Sargent Medal 
 2007 – Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon (Japan)
 2016 – Companion of the Order of Australia
 2016 – John R. Ragazzini Award

Membership of learned societies
 1974 – Australian Academy of Science, Fellow.
 1975 – Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Fellow.
 1980 – Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering, Fellow.
 1985 – Institution of Engineers Australia, Honorary Fellow.
 1989 – Royal Society, London, Fellow.
 2002 – National Academy of Engineering, USA, Foreign Associate.
 2005 – International Federation of Automatic Control, Fellow.

References

External links 
 Author profile in the database zbMATH

1941 births
Living people
Academic staff of the Australian National University
Companions of the Order of Australia
Officers of the Order of Australia
Fellows of the Australian Academy of Science
Fellows of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering
Fellows of the Royal Society
Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun
Fellows of the IEEE
Presidents of the Australian Academy of Science
Recipients of the M. A. Sargent Medal
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Engineering
Figuring. Figuring is the process of final polishing of an optical surface to remove imperfections or modify the surface curvature to achieve the shape required for a given application.

Types
An example of figuring is that used in reflecting telescope primary mirrors in a process of converting the smooth spherical mirror produced by earlier stages into the aspherical or parabolic shapes needed to form the correct image. It is done by applying different polishing stroke lengths with different sized and shaped tools. Manual figuring is a very laborious process, since the heat produced by polishing has to be allowed to dissipate before the shape of the mirror can be measured again, and the places for later polishing selected. Testing of the figure is usually done by a Foucault knife-edge test or Ronchi test in amateur telescope making and with very sophisticated null testers on research telescope optics.

For large mirrors, ion figuring is often used, in which a neutral atomic beam is used to remove material from the optics in a very controlled way.   This is particularly useful in the manufacture of segmented mirrors, since the shape of the optics can be maintained correctly all the way to the edge of the aperture, whilst mechanical polishing techniques tend to have trouble with distortion of the polishing tool when it overhangs the edge.  The first major use of ion figuring was in making the mirror segments for  the Keck telescope.

The ultra-high precision requirements for optical surfaces for X-ray astronomy and deep-ultraviolet lithography often require ion figuring.

Issues for ion beam figuring included re-sputtering and contamination.

References

Glass production
Optics
Speedcabling. Speedcabling is a competitive sport. Steven Schkolne devised the sport, which originated in the United States. In the standard rules, competitors are challenged to separate a mass of either six or twelve tangled Cat 5 Ethernet cables in the fastest possible time. Either two or four each of red 7-foot, blue 14-foot, and yellow 21-foot cables are tangled. According to the regulations, the cables are tangled by forming a figure-eight and placing them in a clothes dryer on high heat for three minutes. They are then allowed to cool. Schkolne says this allows them to achieve a "natural" entanglement.

First competition
The first speedcabling competition took place at the Machine Project art gallery in Los Angeles, California, which local web developer Matty Howell won. His prize was a $50 gift certificate for dinner at an Italian restaurant.

References

External links
 Concept creator's web site
 Flickr page with photos of competition held at the Machine Project

Competitions
Plastics News Global Group. The Crain's Global Polymer Group is a collection of plastics- and rubber-related publications operated by Crain Communications Inc. in Detroit, Michigan.

Crain Communications Inc., PN’s parent company, acquired Emap's polymer-related assets in July 2007 to form the Plastics News Global Group. Those properties, headquartered in Croydon, England, include Plastics & Rubber Weekly and the monthly European Plastics News. 
The 11,800-circulation PRW has been serving the U.K. plastics industry since 1964. European Plastics News launched in 1974, and is the only pan-European magazine serving the entire plastics manufacturing sector, including the growing industry in central and Eastern Europe. It circulates to 13,800 subscribers in 20 countries.

Via its 2007 deal with Emap, Plastics News also inherited a publishing licensing agreement with the management of the Singapore-based trade magazine Asian Plastics News, which has since expired.

Assets 

Plastics News (North America) — Plastics News, the Plastics Encounter trade show, the PN Executive Forum and other North American conferences.

References 
 

Magazine publishing companies of the United States
Plastics
Publishing companies established in 2007
American companies established in 2007
IEC 62264. IEC 62264 is an international standard for enterprise control system integration. This standard is based upon ANSI/ISA-95.

Current parts of IEC 62264 
IEC 62264 consists of the following parts detailed in separate IEC 62264 standard documents:
 Part 1:2013 Object Models and Attributes of Manufacturing Operations (Second edition 2013-05)
 Part 2:2013 Object model attributes (Second edition 2013-06)
 Part 3:2016 Activity models of manufacturing operations management (Second edition 2016-12)
 Part 4:2015 Objects models attributes for manufacturing operations management integration
 Part 5:2016 Business to manufacturing transactions
 Publicly Available Specification - Pre-standard Part 6:2016 Messaging Service Model

References

External links 
 

62264
Control engineering
Systems engineering
Object locative environment coordinate system. The object locative environment coordinate system, known as OLE coordinate system, is a coordinate system used for virtual environments in which movement constraints are not only defined by the 3D coordinates of objects but by the position of the camera, as well. This technology was created by Jun Fujiki.

The system projects screen objects to 2D coordinates using the camera position (using a projection matrix) and uses these coordinates to impart movement constraints to the objects of the system. Echochrome, a game for the PS3 and PSP, uses this technique as an entertainment factor.

See also
Coordinate system

External links

Demo video of OLE

Virtual reality
Peter Wasserscheid. Peter Wasserscheid (born 23 October 1970 in Würzburg) is a German chemist and professor for chemical reaction engineering at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg. Together with Matthias Beller he won the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize in 2006.

Personal background 
Wasserscheid studied chemistry at the RWTH Aachen from 1991 to 1995 before he did his doctorate in the work group of Professor Wilhelm Keim. After postdoctoral research at BP in Great Britain he habilitated at the RWTH Aachen. Since October 2003, Wasserscheid holds the chair of Chemical engineering at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg.

Wasserscheid is also a founder member of the company Solvent Innovation GmbH and Scientific Supervisor in this company since 2001.

Wasserscheid is married and has 3 children.

Work 
The focus of Wasserscheids work is ionic liquids where he is a pioneer, particularly in the region of developing halogenfree ionic liquids.

Awards 
1996: Friedrich-Wilhelm-Preis of the RWTH Aachen for the diploma thesis
1999: Borchers-Plakette of the RWTH Aachen for the dissertation
2000: Carl-Zerbe-Preis
2001: DECHEMA-Preis of the Max-Buchner-Forschungsstiftung
2003: Innovationspreis der Deutschen Wirtschaft
2006: Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize

External links
Homepage

References
 
 CV Wasserscheid

1970 births
Living people
Scientists from Würzburg
21st-century German chemists
Academic staff of the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
RWTH Aachen University alumni
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize winners
UXV Combatant. The UXV Combatant is a concept UAV drone carrier aviation capable warship designed by BVT Surface Fleet (now BAE Systems Maritime – Naval Ships), which was displayed at the Defence Security and Equipment International (DSEI) in 2007. UXV Combatant shares some common design features with the Type 45 destroyer and the Interdiction Assault Ship concept.

Design

The UXV design features two angled flight decks for launching unmanned aerial vehicles, V/STOL aircraft, and helicopters; arrayed in a "V" shape, similar to that of the Interdiction Assault Ship concept. Each flight deck is approximately  in length. To launch aircraft, it could be expected to use the Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System or a ski-jump. 

It was also reported to be capable of launching unmanned underwater vehicles via a "moon pool", and in addition, able to embark a large number of troops plus their equipment in the assault ship role. For naval gunfire support, the design is equipped with a 155 mm cannon, able to fire bursts of 20 rounds in rapid succession. It also features a vertical launching system.

Mission
UXV Combatant is designed to better meet the threats of asymmetric warfare. Able to deploy assault troops or special forces ashore with their equipment, it is designed to provide the necessary firepower to support them. Such as; land-attack cruise missile launched via its vertical launching system, its 155 mm gun, and a fleet of unmanned combat aerial vehicles. UXV Combatant is also designed to perform reconnaissance missions, with powerful ship-borne sensors and unmanned aerial vehicles. UXV Combatant is designed to act both independently, or as an escort.

Current status
This is a concept warship only, and there are currently no plans yet for this concept to enter design proper.

References

External links
BAE Systems press release: 11 September 2007

Aircraft cruiser classes
Proposed aircraft carriers
Proposed ships of the Royal Navy
Drone carriers