omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
WS-125. The WS-125 was an American super-long-range strategic bomber project during the Cold War to develop a nuclear-powered aircraft.

Development
In 1954, the United States Air Force (USAF) issued a weapons system requirement for a nuclear-powered bomber, designated WS-125. In 1956, General Electric teamed up with Convair (X211 program) and Pratt & Whitney with Lockheed in competitive engine/airframe development to address the requirement.

In 1956, the USAF decided that the proposed WS-125 bomber was unfeasible as an operational strategic aircraft. Finally, after spending more than $1 billion, the project was cancelled on March 28, 1961.

Powerplants

Two General Electric J87 turbojet engines were successfully powered to nearly full thrust using two shielded reactors. Two experimental engines complete with reactor systems (HTRE-3 and HTRE-1, which was modified and renamed HTRE-2) are located at the EBR-1 facility south of the Idaho National Laboratory.

See also
 List of nuclear-powered aircraft
 
 9M730 Burevestnik (Russia)

Notes

References
Butler, Tony (2010). American Secret Projects. Hinckley, England: Midland Publishing. .

Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United States
Military aircraft procurement programs of the United States
Nuclear-powered aircraft
Strategic bombers
Wacław Żenczykowski. Wacław Żenczykowski (26 November 1897 in Kielce – 18 February 1957 in Zürich), was a Polish structural engineer. He was a member of Polish Academy of Sciences and a professor at Warsaw University of Technology. During 1925 to 1939, he designed over 40 projects involving large buildings, including Patria Hotel in Krynica, the edifice of Dyrekcja PKP on Targowa Street in Warsaw, as well as Warsaw Główna rail station.

Notable works
 Budownictwo ogólne (General building)

Awards
Officer's Cross (1946) and the Commander's Cross (1954) of the Order of Polonia Restituta

References
 

Academic staff of the Warsaw University of Technology
20th-century Polish engineers
1897 births
1957 deaths
Tautliner. Tautliner and curtainsider are used as generic names for curtain sided trucks/trailers. Tautliner is the trade name of commercial vehicles built by Boalloy of Congleton, Cheshire, England. The curtains are permanently fixed to a runner at the top and detachable rails/poles at front and rear, allowing the curtains to be drawn open and forklifts used all along the sides for easy and efficient loading and unloading. When closed for travel, vertical load restraint straps are attached to a rope rail beneath the truck bed, connecting the truck bed and curtain along both sides. Winches at either end of the curtain tension it, hence the 'Tautliner' name.  This stops the curtain from flapping or drumming in the wind and can also help retain light loads from slipping sideways.

Curtains can be rated to restrain a load of a defined weight per metre but only if the load is positioned within a certain distance from the curtain.

The company patented the concept in 1969, and credits much of its popularity to its adoption by the haulier Eddie Stobart.

See also 
 Flatbed truck, the standard general haulage truck before Tautliners

References

External links
 Boalloy Industries, Ltd. website
 Stobart Group website
 Industrial Curtain Walls website

 UK Trailer Parts 

Trucks
Trailers
Response time. Response time may refer to:

The time lag between an electronic input and the output signal which depends upon the value of passive components used.
Responsiveness, how quickly an interactive system responds to user input
Response time (biology), the elapsed time from the presentation of a sensory stimulus to the completion of the subsequent behavioral response
Response time (technology), the time a generic system or functional unit takes to react to a given input
 Display response time, the amount of time a pixel in a display takes to change
Round-trip delay time, in telecommunications
Emergency response time, the amount of time that emergency responders take to arrive at the scene of an incident from the time that the emergency response system was activated
Search response time or query response time, the time it takes a web server to respond when it receives a query

See also
Delay (disambiguation)
Latency (disambiguation)
Think! (short story). "Think!" is a science fiction short story by American writer Isaac Asimov, first appeared in Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine in its first issue (Spring 1977).  It also appeared in the collections The Complete Robot and Robot Visions.

Plot summary

Genevieve Renshaw summons her colleagues, James Berkowitz and Adam Orsino, to show a new discovery that has kept her busy enough for her to ignore all of her other work. She has been able to advance the science of the electroencephalogram by applications of a laser. She compares the current technology in that area to listening to all of the people on two and a half Earths, as not much can be discovered from this listening. Her laser electroencephalogram (LEG) can scan each individual brain cell so rapidly that there is no temperature change, and yet more information is given. She successfully tests this on a marmoset and later Orsino, and then realizes that the LEG allows telepathy. The story ends revealing that the LEG also allows people to talk to computers as independent intelligences, or from person to person.

See also

 Isaac Asimov short stories bibliography

External links 
 

1977 short stories
Robot series short stories by Isaac Asimov
Works originally published in Asimov's Science Fiction
Freel Flying Wing. The Freel Flying Wing was an experimental glider designed and built in the United States during the 1930s.

Design and development
The Freel Flying Wing was the creation of Charles Lewis Freel (b. 1916). As a student of San Diego High School, in San Diego, California, Freel learned about aerodynamics under the instruction of LeTain Kittredge, in the aircraft rigging/woodshop class.

Before his graduation, Freel designed a 36-inch experimental free flight model of a flying wing glider. The model flew well enough to justify moving to a full size piloted glider.

In 1933, construction was begun at the San Diego High School woodshop, on a 52-foot span flying wing glider. It was completed in 1937 and licensed with identification mark 18131. Elevons were mounted on the trailing surface and were controlled via a unique worm drive. Several flights were made by Kittredge and Freel over hillsides near San Diego. The glider suffered from poor directional control in flight.

After graduation, Freel worked for Consolidated Aircraft Corporation and held the title of "junior engineer."

References

Further reading 
 Parade of Youth, July 25, 1937.
 Hilbert, C.L. Consolidator, 1937.
 Fogel, Gary "Wind and Wings: The History of Soaring in San Diego," Rock Reef Pub. Co., 2001, pp. 145–149.

Flying wings
Glider aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1937
PDMS (software). PDMS (Plant Design Management System) as it is known in the 3D CAD industry, is a customizable, multi-user and multi-discipline, engineer controlled design software package for engineering, design and construction projects in offshore and onshore.

The Computer-Aided Design Centre (or CADCentre as it was more commonly referred to, and later formally became) was created in Cambridge, England, UK in 1967 by the UK Ministry of Technology. Its mission was to develop computer-aided design techniques and promote their take-up by British industry.  The centre carried out much pioneering CAD research, and many of its early staff members went on to become prominent in the worldwide CAD community, such as brothers Dick Newell and Martin Newell.

Dick Newell oversaw the creation of the Plant Design Management System (PDMS) for 3D process plant design. He later co-founded two software companies – Cambridge Interactive Systems (CIS) which was  known for its Medusa 2D/3D CAD system, and Smallworld with its eponymous Smallworld GIS (Geographical Information System). Martin Newell later went to the University of Utah where he did pioneering 3D solid modelling work; he was also one of the progenitors of PostScript.

Subsequently, the UK government, via the British Technology Group (BTG) established a separate company, Compeda Ltd, to exploit software developed and owned by the government and they took over the marketing and user support of PDMS, while the software continued to be developed by the CADCentre, with funding from Compeda.

When the UK government decided to privatise (sell) anything that did not need to be government owned, Compeda Ltd was sold to Prime Computer Inc.  for a net negative sum of money.   Prime Computer decided that PDMS had no commercial value or future and returned the marketing rights for the product to CADCentre.

CADCentre was privatised and  in 2001 changed its name to AVEVA.

The latest release, as of March 2021, is AVEVA PDMS 12.1.SP5

AVEVA has introduced the latest version of PDMS is AVEVA Everything 3D (E3D). The current version of AVEVA Everything 3D is 2.1 (Expected to Launch 3.1 very soon)

AVEVA Everything 3D has been introduced with the new UI and with advanced functions. Ease of modelling, Quick Modelling functionality, More User friendly.

User Groups

Existing

Defunct

See also
 MPDS4

External links
 AVEVA Group website

References

Computer-aided design software
History of computing in the United Kingdom
Science and technology in Cambridgeshire
Cobalt Qube. The Cobalt Qube was a computer server appliance product line, meant to be web servers, developed by Cobalt Networks, Inc. (later purchased by Sun Microsystems) from 1998 to 2002 featuring a modified Red Hat Linux operating system and a proprietary GUI for server management. The original Qube systems were equipped with RM5230 or RM5231 microprocessors but later models used AMD K6-2 chips. NetBSD operating system has been ported to both the Cobalt Qube and RaQ.

Models

The Qube 2700 was the first product released by Cobalt Networks in 1998. Mark Orr, one of the Cobalt Networks' CEOs, came up with the cobalt color. The green LED in the front was Bill Scott's idea. The 2700 was not a development version number but came from the atomic number of cobalt, 27. The Qube 2700 used the RM5230 microprocessor.

The next product was called the Qube 2800 before being sold. But, released in 2000, was eventually called the Qube 2, leaving the 2800 to designate the system type. The Qube 2 used the RM5231 microprocessor.

Under an OEM arrangement, the Qube 2 units were also produced by Gateway in the form of the Gateway Micro Server. The casing featured on these units was black instead of cobalt blue.

The Qube 3, released in 2002, used an AMD K6-2 CPU at either 300 MHz or 450 MHz and was the last product in the Qube line.

A fourth Qube model was in development but was never released. However, several models were released in the data center-friendly Cobalt RaQ product line after the Cobalt Qube was discontinued.

References

External links

 CobaltFAQs wiki
 Brian Smith's NuOnce closed down in Jan 2009 and his PKGs for the CobaltRAQ/Clones/BlueQuartz servers are archived.

Sun servers
Server appliance
Spar (tree). A spar tree is the tree used as the highest anchor point in a high lead cable logging setup. The spar tree is selected based on height, location and especially strength and lack of rot in order to withstand the weight and pressure required.  Once a spar tree is selected, a climber would remove the tree's limbs and top the tree (a logging term for cutting off the top of the tree).  Block and tackle is then affixed to the tree and cabling is run.

A "high climber" is the member of the logging crew who scales the tree, limbs it, and tops it.

Selecting a tree as a spar is a particularly important task, so the strength and importance of the spar came to hold symbolic meaning for early loggers of the West.

The use of spar trees in logging is now rare, having been replaced since the 1970s by portable towers, called yarders, which can be erected on logging sites and moved as needed.

External links 
 High Climbing

Logging
Edgar Larner. Edgar Thomas Larner (1869 in Norwich, Norfolk, England – 1930 in Hackney, London, England), his occupation was that of engineer/scientist for the GPO (General Post Office) Engineering-Telephones. In those days the GPO was a part of the Civil Service, so he was a civil servant. He was a television and radio experimenter and pioneer. He also taught at the Hackney Institute, London.  He was a friend of both John Logie Baird and Philo Farnsworth. He died in 1930 at the age of 61 in Hackney, London, England.

Published articles and books
 Radio and High Frequency Currents.  London, 1923.  Series (Lockwood’s Technical Manuals.)  
 Alternating Currents ... Including "The Principles of Alternating Currents," etc.  London, 1908, 1915,1923,1929 . (Lockwood’s Technical Manuals.)
 Crystal Sets, etc.  A. Rogers & Co.: London, (1924.)
 Radio and High Frequency Currents ... Second edition, enlarged.  V. C. Lockwood & Son: London, 1925. 
 Valve Sets: construction and maintenance.  Rogers & Co.: London, 1925. 
 Practical Television, etc. (With plates.) & foreword by close friend John Logie Baird  Ernest Benn: London, 1928.
 Practical Television, etc. 2nd edition (With plates.) & foreword by close friend John Logie Baird Ernest Benn: London Van Nostrand New York, 1928 
 Present-Day Valve Sets. Construction and maintenance.  Rogers & Co.: London, (1930.)

References
www.edgarlarner.org.uk
 The British Library

1869 births
1930 deaths
English electrical engineers
English inventors
Writers from Norwich
List of Australian diesel locomotives. Diesel locomotives used on the railways of Australia.

NSWGR/SRA/FreightCorp and successors

Diesel-electric
40 class
41 class
42 class
421 class
422 class
43 class
44 class
442 class
45 class
47 class
48 class
49 class
79 class
80 class
81 class
82 class
90 class
92 class
PL class ex 48 class 
XPT

Diesel-hydraulic 
70 class
71 class
72 class
73 class
X100 & X200 class rail tractors

Commonwealth Railways/Australia National/National Rail 
AN class
DL class
BL class
NR class
AL class
BU class
CK class
CL class
DA (900) class
DE class
DR class
EL class
GM class
MDH class
NB class
NC class
NJ (1600) class
NSU class
NT class

South Australian Railways

Diesel-electric
350
500
600
700
800
830
900
930

Victorian Railways/V/Line/Freight Australia

Diesel-electric
A Class
B Class
C Class
F Class
G Class
H Class
N Class
P Class
S Class
T Class
V class
X Class
XR Class
XRB Class
Y Class

Diesel-hydraulic 
M class
V class
W class

BHP/AIS and successors

Diesel-electric
BHP Port Kembla D1 class
BHP Port Kembla D9 class
BHP Port Kembla D16 class
BHP Port Kembla D34 class
BHP Port Kembla D35 class
BHP/Austrac Port Kembla 101 class
BHP/Austrac Port Kembla 103
BHP Newcastle 32 class
BHP Newcastle 37 class
BHP Whyalla DE class (DE1, DE2)
DE3-DE9)
BHP Whyalla DE10
Lysaghts JL1 class
Lysaghts JL4 class
GE AC6000CW (imported)
Emd SD70ACe lc (imported)

Diesel-hydraulic 
BHP Whyalla DH class

Silverton Tramway

Diesel-hydraulic 
Silverton ST26

Diesel-electric
48s

Queensland Rail
Also operates on the Standard Gauge ex V/line G and X class, ex SRA 73, 421, 422, ex AN CLF and CLP class's

Diesel-electric
1150
1170
1200
1225
1250
1270
1300
1400
1450
1460
1502
1550
1600
1620
1700
1720
2100
2130
2141
2150
2170
2250
2300
2350
2370
2400
2450
2470
2600
2800
4000
4100

Diesel-mechanical 
DL class

Diesel-hydraulic 
DH class

Freightlink
FQ class
FJ class

CFCLA
GL class
RL class
VL class

See also
List of locomotives
List of Western Australian locomotive classes
List of Victorian locomotive classes
NSWGR steam locomotive classification
Queensland Railways steam locomotive classification
Rail transport in Australia

References

 
Diesel locomotives
Railway locomotive-related lists
New South Wales 44 class locomotive. The 44 class are a class of diesel-electric locomotives built by AE Goodwin, Auburn for the New South Wales Department of Railways between 1957 and 1967.

History

The 44 class were built by AE Goodwin, the Australian licensee of US company Alco, and were based on the Alco DL500B model. The locomotives were fitted with Alco 12-251B engines, developing 1343 kW. They were built in two batches, the first 60 between July 1957 and April 1961 and the second 40 between October 1965 and December 1967. The last 40 had Associated Electrical Industries as opposed to General Electric generators and traction motors, as well as illuminated segregated number boxes at the No.2 end. The model was very similar to dual cab South Australian Railways 930 class.

With driving cabs within both ends, the front (No.1 end) of the locomotive had a rounded nose (although not as round as the Clyde/GM "Bulldog nose" type) and a flat nose at the No.2 end. During their career, the locomotives served every part of New South Wales and operated every type of train.

In the late 1980s, some earlier examples in need of rewiring began to be withdrawn, but many survived into the 1990s, with the last being withdrawn in July 1997. Over forty still owned by the State Rail Authority were auctioned off in December 1994.

While most were scrapped, a number saw service with other freight operators. Chicago Freight Car Leasing Australia, Great Northern Rail Services, Independent Rail of Australia, Silverton Rail and Southern Shorthaul Railroad all operated 44s, with most ending up with Qube Logistics until their final withdrawal in 2014.

A number of preserved examples are main-line registered and, as well as operating heritage trains, are used periodically by other operators.

Three are on Transport Heritage NSW's Heritage and Conservation Register list. 4401 was in the custody of 3801 Limited, and 4403 was with the Australian Railway Historical Society, Canberra until 2017. 4401 is now in the custody of the Junee Roundhouse Railway Museum, and 4403 and 4490 are with the NSW Rail Museum.

Fleet status

References

Further reading

External links

A. E. Goodwin locomotives
Co-Co locomotives
Diesel locomotives of New South Wales
Railway locomotives introduced in 1957
Standard gauge locomotives of Australia
Diesel–electric locomotives of Australia
Streamlined diesel locomotives
Enhanced Traffic Management System. The Enhanced Traffic Management System (ETMS) is a product for the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) developed to monitor and react to air traffic congestion in both real time and in the future.  The system is capable of issuing ground delay programs (GDPs) and ground stop programs (GSs).  Ground delay programs are instituted on a particular airport or group of airports to alleviate volume or if there is severe weather.

The system works much like a hub and spoke system where an ETMS hubsite will send and receive data to and from many remote sites.  The hubsites report directly to Air Traffic Control System Command Center in Warrenton, Virginia.

ETMS hubsites generate the data used by ASDI (Aircraft Situation Display to Industry).

Other organizations (e.g., the airlines, Department of Defense, NASA, and international sites) also have access to the ETMS software and/or data.

References

Air traffic control
Lockheed Orion. Lockheed Orion or Lockheed Martin Orion may refer to:
 Lockheed Model 9 Orion (1931), a single engine airliner
 Lockheed P-3 Orion (1959), a maritime patrol aircraft, with several variants
 Orion (spacecraft), a crewed spacecraft in NASA's Artemis program, co-developed by Lockheed Martin
C85. C85 may refer to :

 Ruy Lopez chess openings ECO code
 Other and unspecified types of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma ICD-10 code
 Labour Inspectorates (Non-Metropolitan Territories) Convention, 1947 code
 Continental C85, a 1944 engine
 C-85 Orion, a 1931 aircraft based on the Lockheed Model 9 Orion
 , a Mexican Navy ship, an Auk-class minesweeper originating in WWII
 C85, a Draft for Standard C programming language released in 1985 for ANSI C
 Caldwell 85 (IC 2391, the Omicron Velorum Cluster), an open cluster in the constellation Vela
 85th Comiket

See also

 
 
 85 (disambiguation)
 C (disambiguation)
Teramac. The Teramac was an experimental massively parallel computer designed by HP in the 1990s. The name reflected the project's vision to provide a programmable gate array system with capacity for a million gates running at a megahertz. Contrary to traditional systems, which are useless if there is one defect, Teramac used defective processors -- intentionally -- to demonstrate its defect-tolerant architecture. Even though the computer had 220,000 hardware defects, it was able to perform some tasks 100 times faster than a single-processor high-end workstation.

Teramac was originally developed by scientists in HP's central research lab, HP Labs, in the mid 1990s. Although it contained conventional silicon integrated circuit technology, it paved the way for some of HP's work in nanoelectronics because it provided an architecture on which a chemically assembled computer could operate.

The experience from this program was used to design the Field Programmable Nanowire Interconnect circuit.

Further reading 
 
 

Computational science
Massively parallel computers
Carl-Gunne Fälthammar. Carl-Gunne Fälthammar (4 December 1931 – 22 September 2022) was a Swedish electrical engineer and physicist who was Professor Emeritus of electrical engineering at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, specialising in space and plasma physics. He succeeded Hannes Alfvén as Professor of Plasma Physics in 1975.

His research interests included plasma electrodynamics, with application to space and astrophysical plasmas, especially in the context of auroral and magnetospheric physics. He was also the Associate Editor of the journal Astrophysics and Space Science.

Early life and education
Carl-Gunne Fälthammar was born in Markaryd, Sweden on 4 December 1931. In 1956 he earned the Swedish equivalent to a master's degree (civilingenjör), and in 1960 the equivalent of a Ph.D. (Tekn. lic.), and in 1966 the position of Docent (approximately assistant professor), all from the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm.

Career
From July 1967 until June 1997, Fälthammar headed the Division of Plasma Physics of the Alfvén Laboratory. In 1969, he became Associate Professor of Plasma Physics at the Royal Institute of Technology, and in 1975, succeeded Hannes Alfvén as Professor of Plasma Physics there.

Death
Fälthammar died on 22 September 2022, at the age of 90.

Awards
In 1989, he was awarded an Honorary Doctor's degree by the Faculty of Science of the University of Oulu, Finland. He is also a recipient of the Golden Badge Award of the European Geophysical Society and the Basic Sciences Award of the International Academy of Astronautics. In 1998 he was awarded the Hannes Alfvén Medal of the European Geophysical Society in recognition of his services as Editor of the Society’s journal Annales Geophysicae.

Bibliography

Books
Magnetospheric Physics - Achievements and prospects (1993) co-authored with Bengt Hultqvist, Plenum Publ. Co. Ltd., London, UK, 1990, 190 pp., hard cover. $65.00/s. .
 Cosmical electrodynamics: fundamental principles (1962) co-authored with Hannes Alfvén, Clarendon Press, Oxford.

Papers
Papers listed on the Smithsonian/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Footnotes

1931 births
2022 deaths
Academic staff of the KTH Royal Institute of Technology
Swedish physicists
People from Markaryd Municipality
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences