omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
INTA-300. The INTA-300, also known as the "Flamenco", was a two-stage Spanish sounding rocket. It consisted of a launch stage from the type Heron and an upper stage of the type Snipe.  

Based on a Bristol Aerojet's INTA-255 rocket, the INTA-300 is capable of reaching altitudes of 300 km (186 mi) alone and to 50 km (31 mi) with its maximum payload weight, having a thrust of 138.00 kN. 

The intent of the INTA-300 was to be able to lift a payload of 50 kg to 300 km. With the help of the Bristol Aerojet, the Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial was able to make a powerful enough prototype in 1981, after three unsuccessful launches. By the time of the fourth model's construction, funding had been cut.

When funds became available again in the 1990s, the fourth model of the INTA-300 was modified into a more efficient model dubbed the INTA-300B, capable of carrying heavier payloads and reaching higher altitude.

Launches 
The INTA-300 was launched by INTA six times between 1974 and 1994 from El Arenosillo.

See also 
 Fulmar
 INTA-255
 Capricornio (rocket)
 Miura 1

References 

Sounding rockets of Spain
Space launch vehicles of Spain
Spaceflight
Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial
Rockair. The Rockair was first suggested by Hermann Oberth in his 1929 book Wege zur Raumschiffahrt. Rockair concepts were developed by both the United States Air Force and Navy, both generally finding marginal use in the concept. The Air Force began studying the concept of an air-launched sounding rocket in 1947, while the Navy managed to get the first launch on August 16, 1955, using an F2H2 off of Wallops Island. The folded-fin aerial rocket(FFAR) reached an altitude of 54,864 m (180,000 ft). The Air Force followed up with their first air-launched sounding rocket concept on December 13, 1956, under the name "Rockaire". A Deacon rocket was used, launched from a F-86 fighter aircraft.

The Navy Rockair had a total of 5 launches, while the Air Force Rockaire had a total of 4 for a combined 9 launches.

According to a NASA historical summary, no important scientific research was every carried out with the Rockair concept. It had very little popularity, in contrast to the "Rockoon" which was launched in the hundreds during the 1950s.

Launch History of the Rockair

Launch History of the Rockaire

References

Sounding rockets of the United States
Zero emission. A zero emission engine, motor, process, or other energy source emits no waste products that pollute the environment or disrupt the climate.

Zero emission engines
Vehicles and other mobile machinery used for transport (over land, sea, air, rail) and for other uses (agricultural, mobile power generation, etc.) contribute heavily to climate change and pollution, so zero emission engines are an area of active research. These technologies almost in all cases include an electric motor powered by an energy source compact enough to be installed in the vehicle. These sources include hydrogen fuel cells, batteries, supercapacitors, and flywheel energy storage devices. 

In some cases, such as compressed air engines, the engine may be mechanical rather than electrical. This mechanical engine is then powered by a passive energy source like compressed air, or a combustible non-polluting gas like hydrogen.

The above engines can be used in all vehicles, from cars to boats to propeller airplanes. For boats, energy sources such as nuclear power and solar panels can also be a viable option, in addition to traditional sails and turbosails.

A concept like vegetable oil economy produces emissions.

See also 
Air engine
Carbon neutrality
Economics of climate change mitigation
Zero Emissions Research and Initiatives
Zero-emissions vehicle
Zero-energy building

References

External links
 A special issue of the Journal of Cleaner Production that focuses specifically on Zero Emissions

Green vehicles
Zero-emissions vehicles
Andreas Friedrich Bauer. Andreas Friedrich Bauer (18 August 1783 – 27 December 1860) was a German engineer who developed the first functional steam-powered printing press with his colleague Friedrich Koenig, who had invented the technology and sold it to The Times in London in 1814.

Born in Stuttgart, Bauer joined Koenig in 1817 to found Koenig & Bauer at the Oberzell monastery near Würzburg.

Printing capacity 
The table lists the maximum number of pages which the various press designs of Koenig & Bauer could print per hour, compared to earlier hand-operated printing presses:

References

Sources 

19th-century German inventors
1783 births
1860 deaths
Junkers Ju 187. The Junkers Ju 187 was a German projected dive bomber designed to replace the ageing Junkers Ju 87 Stuka. The Ju 187 was cancelled in 1943.

Design 
By the time of the Battle of Britain the Junkers Ju 87 Stuka had proved very vulnerable to enemy fighters and needed replacement, so after rejection of the Ju 87F proposal a new dive bomber was designed under the designation Ju 187.

The projected aircraft kept some of the features of the earlier Ju 87, such as the inverted gull wing and two man crew. It would have added retractable landing gear, the nose of the aircraft would have been elongated for a better view for the pilot, as well as improved armour and armament. Most notably, the Ju 187 incorporated a rotating vertical tail. When rotated down, the tail would give the air gunner, armed with a rear turret, an unobstructed field of fire. It is not known how the aircraft would have handled with the tail rotated.

The Ju 187 project was cancelled by the Reich Air Ministry in autumn 1943 because the aircraft's projected performance, when fully loaded, was estimated to be no better than the latest Ju 87D variant (estimated maximum speed: ).

Specifications (Ju 187 estimated)

References

Further reading
 
 RLM: V-Muster-Programm, November 1942
 JFM AG: Anhang I der Aufsichts- und Verwaltungsratsitzung der JFM AG am 15. und 16. Mai 1942
 JFM AG: Vierteljahresbericht für den Aufsichtsrat der JFM AG – Januar bis März 1942

External links

Inverted gull-wing aircraft
1940s German bomber aircraft
Ju 187
Aircraft with retractable conventional landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
Thermo. Thermo may refer to:

 Adobe Thermo, a designers' tool for creating the user interface for Rich Internet Application by Adobe Systems
 Heat, energy transferred from one system to another by thermal interaction
 Thermo Fisher Scientific, a healthcare equipment company
 Thermo, Greece, a town in Aetolia-Acarnania, Greece
 Thermodynamics, the branch of physical science concerned with heat and its relation to other forms of energy and work
 Thermos, an insulating storage vessel which keeps its contents hotter or cooler than its surroundings
 Thermo (journal), an academic journal published by MDPI

See also
Steering oar. The steering oar or steering board is an over-sized oar or board, to control the direction of a ship or other watercraft prior to the invention of the rudder.  

It is normally attached to the starboard side in larger vessels, though in smaller ones it is rarely, if ever, attached. The steering oar was crucial in the invention of larger vessels in a time when the technology for rudders did not exist. Steering oars were the typical steering mechanism on larger Viking ships.

References 

Sailboat components
Sailing ship components
Terminal (electronics). A terminal is the point at which a conductor from a component, device or network comes to an end. Terminal may also refer to an electrical connector at this endpoint, acting as the reusable interface to a conductor and creating a point where external circuits can be connected. A terminal may simply be the end of a wire or it may be fitted with a connector or fastener.

In network analysis, terminal means a point at which connections can be made to a network in theory and does not necessarily refer to any physical object. In this context, especially in older documents, it is sometimes called a pole. On circuit diagrams, terminals for external connections are denoted by empty circles. They are distinguished from nodes or junctions which are entirely internal to the circuit and are denoted by solid circles.

All electrochemical cells have two terminals (electrodes) which are referred to as the anode and cathode or positive (+) and negative (–). On many dry batteries, the positive terminal (cathode) is a protruding metal cap, and the negative terminal (anode) is a flat metal disc . In a galvanic cell such as a common AA battery, electrons flow from the negative terminal to the positive terminal, while the conventional current is opposite to this.

Types of terminals 

 Connectors
 Line splices
 Terminal strip, also known as a tag board or tag strip
 Solder cups or buckets
 Wire wrap connections (wire to board)
 Crimp terminals (ring, spade, fork, bullet, blade)
 Turret terminals for surface-mount circuits
 Crocodile clips
 Screw terminals and terminal blocks
 Wire nuts, a type of twist-on wire connector
 Leads on electronic components
 Battery terminals, often using screws or springs
 Electrical polarity

See also 
 Electrical connector – many terminals fall under this category
 Electrical termination – a method of signal conditioning

References

Electronic engineering
Electrical components
Boosted Arcas. Boosted Arcas is the designation of an American sounding rocket, in which an Arcas rocket was boosted using a first stage to improve the altitude and payload.

Variants of the Boosted Arcas were Boosted Arcas, Sparrow Arcas, Sidewinder Arcas, and Boosted Arcas II.

The Boosted Arcas consists of a first stage of an Atlantic Richfield booster using a 0.8-KS-2700 solid propellant engine.
The Sparrow-Arcas (or "Sparrow-HV Arcas") booster was based on the liquid-propellant AIM-7D Sparrow missile as a first stage.
The Sidewinder-Arcas (or "Sidewinder-HV Arcas") used the solid-propellant AIM-9B Sidewinder missile as a first-stage.
The Boosted Arcas 2 used a MARC 42A1 booster.

The maximum altitude of the Boosted Arcas amounts to 50 km, the takeoff thrust 1.00 kN, the diameter 0.11 m and the length 3.40 m. The Boosted Arcas was launched 78 times between 1963 and 1972.

References

Sounding rockets of the United States
Rhombic drive. The rhombic drive is a specific method of transferring mechanical energy, or work, used when a single cylinder is used for two separately oscillating pistons.

History
It was originally developed around 1900 for the twin-cylinder Lanchester car engine where it allowed perfect balancing of the inertial forces on both pistons.  A current example of its use is on beta type-Stirling engines; the drive's complexity and tight tolerances, causing a high cost of manufacture, is a hurdle for the widespread usage of this drive.

Operation

In its simplest form, the drive utilizes a jointed rhomboid to convert linear work from a reciprocating piston to rotational work.   The connecting rod of the piston is rigid as opposed to a common reciprocating engine which directly connects the piston to the crankshaft with a flexible joint in the piston. Instead, the rod connects to one corner of a rhombus.   When force is applied to the piston, it pushes down; at the same time, the outer corners of the rhomboid push out. They push on two cranks/flywheels which cause them to rotate, each in opposite directions. As the wheels rotate the rhombus progresses its change of shape from being flattened in the direction of the piston axis at top dead centre to being flattened in the perpendicular direction to the piston axis at bottom dead centre.

In the pictured example the left crank/flywheel turns clockwise and the right crank/flywheel anticlockwise.  They turn at the same angular velocity and this can be reinforced by intermeshing them as gear wheels.

References
 Mechanical Drives for Stirling Engines Dr. Siegfried "Zig" Herzog, Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Penn State University at Mont Alto. 06/01/05  Accessed August 2007

See also

Piston engines
Engine technology
Linkages (mechanical)
Cereal germ. The germ of a cereal grain is the part that develops into a plant;  
it is the seed embryo. Along with bran, germ is often a by-product of the milling that produces refined grain products. Cereal grains and their components, such as wheat germ oil, rice bran oil, and maize bran, may be used as a source from which vegetable oil is extracted, or used directly as a food ingredient. The germ is retained as an integral part of whole-grain foods. 
Non-whole grain methods of milling are intended to isolate the endosperm, which is ground into flour, with removal of both the husk (bran) and the germ. Removal of bran produces a flour with a white rather than a brown color and eliminates fiber. The germ is rich in polyunsaturated fats (which have a tendency to oxidize and become rancid on storage) and so germ removal improves the storage qualities of flour.

Wheat germ

Wheat germ or wheatgerm is a concentrated source of several essential nutrients, including vitamin E, folate (folic acid), phosphorus, thiamin, zinc, and magnesium, as well as essential fatty acids and fatty alcohols. It is a good source of fiber. White bread is made using flour that has had the germ and bran removed.
Wheat germ can be added to protein shakes, casseroles, muffins, pancakes, cereals, yogurt, smoothies, cookies, and other goods.
Wheat germ can become rancid if not properly stored in a refrigerator or freezer and away from sunlight.
Some manufacturers prevent rancidity by storing wheat germ in vacuum-sealed glass containers, or by placing an oxygen-absorbing sachet inside air-tight packaging.

Other uses
In molecular biology, wheat germ extract is used to carry out cell-free in vitro translation experiments since the plant embryo contains all the macromolecular components necessary for translating mRNA into proteins but relatively low levels of its own mRNA.

Wheat germ is also useful in biochemistry since it contains lectins that bind strongly to certain glycoproteins; therefore, it can be used to isolate such proteins.

See also
 Endosperm
 Health food
 Wheat germ oil
 Samanu

Notes

Cereals
Food ingredients
By-products
Gerber multitool. A Gerber multitool is a compact Multi-tool made by Gerber Legendary Blades, part of the Fiskars Corporation.

There are similarities and differences between the Gerber multitool and tools made by Leatherman. Some of the Gerber tools are accessed by opening the handles, but no longer unique to Gerber is a system in which the pliers slide straight out from the end. The sliding Safe-T-Loc system (similar to the Blackie Collins "Bolt Action" lock) locks each tool securely in place.

Different sizes of Gerber tool are available, with various combinations of components from the mundane (screwdrivers) to the esoteric (demolition detonator crimps), and from the key-chain sized, like the "Shortcut" to hefty,  models like the "Diesel".

The company is based in Portland, Oregon, USA. It was acquired by Fiskars in 1986.  Portland remains the headquarters of the Finnish company's outdoor recreation group.

Gallery

See also 
 Leatherman
 Victorinox
 Wenger

References

External links
 Official Gerber Legendary Blades website

Mechanical hand tools
Maul Camera Rocket. The Maul Camera Rocket was a rocket for aerial photography developed by Alfred Maul's company from 1903 to 1912. The Maul Camera Rocket was demonstrated in 1912 to the Austrian Army and tested as a means for reconnaissance in the Turkish-Bulgarian War in 1912/1913.  It was not used afterwards, because aircraft were much more effective.

The Maul Camera Rocket had a maximum flight altitude of 0.8 kilometres (0.49 mi), a launch mass of 42 kg (93 pounds), a diameter of 0.32 metre (12½ inches), a length of 6 metres (19 ft 8 in) and a fin span of 0.35 metres (1 ft 2 in).

References

Experimental rockets
Military sensor technology
Military intelligence
Photography equipment
Aerial photography
AGM-80 Viper. The AGM-80 Viper was an air-to-surface missile developed by the Chrysler Corporation Missile Division in the 1960s for use by the United States Air Force. Based on the AGM-12 Bullpup, the program was cancelled early in trials. Viper was designed as a "self-guided standoff munition" for use in the Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses ("Iron Hand") role. The Viper, based on the AGM-12C/E Bullpup missile, was fitted with an inertial guidance system, and had a radar altimeter-based fuse to ensure an airburst of the weapon's bomblet payload. It was developed in competition with the AGM-79 Blue Eye missile, but was cancelled in the early 1970s, shortly after the start of flight tests of the prototype missiles, designated XAGM-80A.

References

AGM-080
Abandoned military rocket and missile projects of the United States
Taurus Orion. Taurus Orion is the designation of a two-stage sounding rocket, consisting of a Taurus starting stage and an Orion upper stage. The Taurus Orion has a ceiling of 200 km, a takeoff thrust of 457.00 kN, a takeoff weight of 2000 kg, a diameter of 0.58 m and a length of 11.40 m.

External links
List of Taurus Orion launches

Sounding rockets of the United States
Barbarella (rocket). Barbarella was the designation of the first German hybrid rocket. It was developed under the management of R. Schmucker and W. Schauer at the beginning of the 1970s by students of the Munich technical university and launched on March 12, 1974 from the drilling platform "Barbara" in the Baltic Sea. The Barbarella had a thrust of 370 N and used as fuel a toluidine-aminophenol mixture and nitric acid. The Barbarella is today displayed in the Deutsches Museum in Munich.

The rocket was named "Barbarella" after the movie of the same name, Barbarella, to differentiate it from other more grandiosely named rockets. Its lettering was a pop art style, atypical from the more scientific lettering commonly used on rockets.

References

External links
 History of hybrid rockets
 Space Cover #336: Barbarella rocket launch

Rockets and missiles
Jim crow (tool). A jim crow or rail bender is a tool for bending rails, consisting of a U-shaped or V-shaped armature with a hefty screw rod in its axis. Deluxe models are outfitted with rollers for continuous bending.

Practice 

Railway rails are quite flexible and bend easily to radii of  or more.  The jim crow is needed to bend rails to tighter radii, especially near the ends.

References

External links
 http://www.catskillarchive.com/rrextra/tkwk03.Html (with illustration)
 Photograph
 Railway Object Name Thesaurus

Tools
Permanent way
Schilling Power Station. Schilling Power Station was an oil-fired power station in the proximity of the nuclear power station at Stade. It went into operation in 1960, was extended in 1962 and 1964, and was shut down in the 1980s. Since it principally served Hamburg north for the electricity supply of Hamburg and fed its current into the transformer station, the first overhead line crossing of the Elbe was built at that time at Stade, the Elbe Crossing 1. The buildings still exist today and are occasionally used for disaster control exercises.

Due to the use of heavy fuel oil, a chimney was built with a height of 722 feet or 220 metres, it was 1962-1965 the tallest chimney worldwide. It was an open lattice structure with three separate exhaust pipes from the blocks. The structure was demolished in 2005.

See also

 List of tallest demolished freestanding structures
 List of tallest chimneys
 Lattice tower

References

Stade
Stade Schilling
Stade Schilling
Stade Schilling
Stade Schilling
Stade Schilling
Stade Schilling
Economy of Lower Saxony
Hermann Oberth Space Travel Museum. The Hermann Oberth Space Travel Museum (Hermann-Oberth-Raumfahrt-Museum, or Hermann-Oberth-Museum for short) is a museum of space technology in the Franconian city of Feucht in Bavaria, Germany.

It commemorates the life work of the famous visionary and rocket pioneer Hermann Oberth.  Exhibits include a Kumulus rocket and a Cirrus rocket, which were developed at the beginning of the 1960s by the Hermann Oberth Society and launched near Cuxhaven, Germany. A Swiss Zenit sounding rocket is also on display in front of the museum.

References

External links

Hermann-Oberth-Raumfahrt-Museum home page

Museums in Bavaria
Rocketry
Aerospace museums in Germany
Science museums in Germany
Buildings and structures in Nürnberger Land
Museums established in 1971
1971 establishments in West Germany
Datastream. Datastream is a type of broadband network connection in the United Kingdom. Datastream is a wholesale product in which the wholesale customer can purchase connectivity between their own point of presence and a number of end users. Some authors use the term "datastream" for replacing the term dataflow to avoid confusion with dataflow computing or dataflow architecture, based on an indeterministic machine paradigm (a research scene which is dead meanwhile).

Technical details 
The connections between the end users and the Other Logical Operator (OLO) (the wholesale customer of the DataStream product) were provided in three parts.

 BT provided connectivity between the end user and the nearest BT Serving Exchange via asymmetric digital subscriber line, symmetric digital subscriber line, and fibre to the x. The end user access line could have a bandwidth ranging between 288 kbit/s and 8,128 kbit/s (8 Mibit/s) downstream and up to 832 kbit/s upstream for Asymmetric digital subscriber line, and up to 2048 kbit/s (2 Mibit/s) for Symmetric digital subscriber line. For fibre-based connections, speeds can be as high as 100 Mbit/s although most connections of this type are fibre from exchange to cabinet so therefore limited to a maximum of 40 Mbit/s. 
 For each serving exchange involved in providing end user access lines, a virtual path is provisioned to a BT ATM switch on BT's core network. A virtual path can range in size from 250 kbit/s to 34 Mbit/s. One or more Digital Subscriber Line Digital Multiplexers at the serving exchange combine the traffic from the end user access lines for delivery to the ATM switch.
 From the BT switch, the traffic from the various virtual paths is combined and an ATM Customer Access Link (CAL) is used to connect to the Network Terminating Equipment (NTE) at the wholesale customer's point of presence.

Comparison to IPStream and LLU 
IPstream, DataStream, and local loop unbundling (LLU) are all products that can be used for the delivery of bit-stream products, but represent different degrees of involvement from BT. In the case of LLU, the OLO has direct access to the twisted pair delivered to the end-user's NTE and has near total control of the connection from end-to-end. With DataStream, BT still manages the DSL multiplexing equipment at the various local exchanges, and hands off the aggregated traffic to the OLO at one or a few points of presence. With IPStream, BT also provides the IP transport services

External links
 Technical Information on Datastream from thinkbroadband.com
 Conditions for BT Datastream Service from BT

Digital subscriber line
Telecommunications in the United Kingdom
ERC32. ERC32 is a radiation-tolerant 32-bit RISC processor (SPARC V7 specification) developed for space applications. It was developed by Temic, which was later acquired by Atmel and then Microchip.

It is used in the DMS-R (Data Management System - Russian) computer of the Russian Orbital Segment to handle guidance, navigation and control, onboard systems and subsystems control for the entire International Space Station, and other critical tasks.

Versions
Two versions have been manufactured:

 ERC32 Chip Set (Part Names: TSC691, TSC692, TSC693)
 ERC32 Single Chip (Part Name: TSC695)

Support
Support for the chip set version of the ERC32 has been discontinued.

See also

 LEON

External links
 ERC32 Page at ESA Microelectronic
 ERC32 Documentation
 TSC695 page on Atmel/Microchip Website
 GNU/Linux SPARC-HOWTO

Radiation-hardened microprocessors
Open microprocessors
SPARC microprocessors