omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Chamberlain Tractors. Chamberlain was a brand of tractors from Australia, produced initially by Chamberlain Industries Ltd.

While Bob Chamberlain was working as a tractor mechanic in Victoria he designed a tractor and built a prototype tractor around what he believed farmers wanted. It became the basis of the 40K model tractor.

The Western Australian Government, having heard of Chamberlain's plan to build tractors, persuaded the Chamberlains to use an ex-munitions factory in Welshpool, Western Australia. The first tractors rolled off the production line in 1949.

The first Chamberlain tractor produced was the model 40K, which had  twin-cylinder, horizontally opposed engines. They weighed about four tonnes and were considered to be ideal for the needs of Australian farmers.

In 1953 Chamberlain started to produce diesel powered tractors such as the  GM diesel powered 60DA and later the 70DA, as well as the 55DA, which was powered by an Australian built diesel engine. A few years later the production of kerosene powered tractors was stopped. In 1955 Chamberlain developed the Perkins diesel powered Champion models and as a publicity stunt in the same year Chamberlains entered the new diesel powered tractor in the around Australia Redex Trial as a rescue/recovery vehicle.  It became known as "Tail End Charlie". The tractor in question was fitted with modified cab, bench seat and high speed gears (allowing it to reach speeds of up to 110 km/hour). Initial attempts to enter the event were met with disbelief, and it was only officially recognised as a recovery vehicle for one leg of the trial. Tail-End Charlie is reputed to have completed one stage of the trial while towing as many as six other entrants that broke down on the way. In a subsequent trial, the authorities relented, and the Chamberlain machine completed the whole course.

In subsequent years, Chamberlain produced a range of iconic larger tractors suited to broadland farming in Australia. These tractors are now popular for heritage tractor pulling contests, and feature their own national championships.

An expansion and refit of the Welshpool plant was undertaken in 1978. The Welshpool manufacturing site was redeveloped and a new office complex built in 1982, however by 1986 due to significant decline in demand, the manufacture of Chamberlain tractors ceased.

In October 2024, a 5:1 scale sculpture of a 40K was unveiled at Carnamah, Western Australia, another of Australia's big things.

John Deere merger
In 1970, the John Deere company of America purchased a controlling interest in Chamberlain.

During the 1980s, Chamberlain became a fully owned subsidiary of John Deere, and traded as Chamberlain John Deere.

Chamberlain tractors on display at the 2007 Perth Royal Show

References

External links

Chamberlain 9G Tractor Club
Gibbs Family Tractor Collection of Wunkar, South Australia

John Deere
Tractor manufacturers of Australia
Diesel engine manufacturers
Manufacturing companies based in Perth, Western Australia
Type 84 mine. The Type 84 is a Chinese air-dispersed scatterable anti-tank mine, normally deployed by the GBL212 122 mm artillery rocket, or the Type 122-15 ATML rocket for export versions. Each rocket can carry six or eight mines and has a range of around six or seven kilometres. The rockets are launched from a BM-21 Grad multiple rocket launcher system that can hold up to 24 of the rockets. A time fuse on the rocket is set before launch, which activates at a predetermined distance after firing. Upon activation, the rocket head bursts, ejecting the mines, which descend with small green parachutes that slow their fall. The mine consists of a cylindrical body with three prong legs that form a spike, which pierces the ground and arms. If the mine strikes soft ground, the spike is driven into the ground and the mine is held upright.

Three variants of the mine exist: one with a magnetic fuse which detonates upon magnetic influence, one with a self-extending tilt rod fuse, and another with a contact baffle. In addition, the magnetic fuse mine has an anti-handling device.

The mine's penetrator warhead uses the Misznay-Schardin effect to penetrate up to 110 millimetres of rolled homogeneous armour. The mines also have a self-destruct facility which can be set to between 4 and 72 hours, and will disarm itself after 72 hours.

Operational history

On 7 May 2011, C.J. Chivers of the New York Times reported military forces loyal to Muammar Gaddafi scattered Type 84 Model A mines with magnetic fuses across the port of the disputed Libyan city of Misrata to threaten the city's sole route for evacuation and supplies. Delivered by a "Chinese-made variant of a Grad rocket", the mines were deployed at around 2100 or 2200 at night on 5 May. An estimated of at least 20 mines or 31 mines were dispersed across the port. A rebel truck patrolling the port hit two of the mines, injuring both men inside, with one seriously wounded. The incident was later confirmed by Human Rights Watch.

Also in Libya, Type 84 mines were also found in the coastal town of Dafniya by DanChurchAid (DCA) and in the city of Sirte by the Swiss Foundation for Mine Action (FSD). In November 2011, two DCA staff were injured while trying to neutralise a mine in Dafniya and had to be hospitalised. In March 2012, a DCA international deminer was killed by another mine while clearing buildings of explosives in Dafniya.

As of April 2014, the Syrian “Dignity Brigade” was in possession of Type 84 mines and components in the Golan Heights of the Syrian governorate of Quneitra, according to a video posted by the group, which depicted the submunitions.

As of December 2016, the Shura Council of Benghazi Revolutionaries were reportedly in possession of Type 84 mines, when Libyan National Army forces found an unused example left behind in the Ganfouda district of Benghazi in Libya.

Specifications
 Diameter: 114 mm
 Height: 160 mm
 Weight: 3.12 kg

References
 
 Jane's Mines and Mine Clearance 2005-2006

Anti-tank mines
Dürnrohr Power Station. The Dürnrohr power station is a thermal power station in Lower Austria.

The power station was built as a replacement for the Zwentendorf Nuclear Power Station, a plant that was finished but due to a 1978 referendum never started up. The Dürnrohr plant was built in its proximity in order to use the already established power lines and other infrastructure. It consists of two blocks: the first with output of 405 MW operated by VERBUND Austrian Thermal Power AG and the second with output 352 MW operated by the Energie-Versorgung Niederösterreich AG. The plant was finished in 1987.

The plant was powered by black coal imported from the Czech Republic and Poland but today it burns any type of coal and can also use natural gas. In 2004, a heating plant (largest such in Austria, at the time) using the dissipated waste heat was opened.

In 2009, the district heating pipeline from the power station to Sankt Pölten was erected from EVN Wärme. It is the longest district heating pipeline in Austria, with a length of 31 km.

The power station is one of the biggest emitters of CO2 in Austria.

References 

Coal-fired power stations in Austria
Natural gas-fired power stations in Austria
Economy of Lower Austria
Logistic Air. Logistic Air is an airline that offers short and long-term aircraft leasing, including wet and dry leases.

In 2023, Logistic Air's parent company purchased then-defunct regional airline ExpressJet and planned to relaunch it as a charter airline using Logistic Air's aircraft.

Fleet 

Logistic Air's current fleet includes:

Boeing 747 Passenger 
Boeing 747 Freighter
Boeing 737-400
Boeing 737-500
Boeing 737-200QC  
Boeing 727-200 Freighter
Boeing 777-200ER
McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30F
McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32F
McDonnell Douglas MD-82

External links 
 Logistic Air

References

Aircraft leasing companies
Airlines based in Nevada
Rolls-Royce Exe. The Rolls-Royce Exe, or Boreas, was a 24-cylinder air-cooled X block sleeve valve aircraft engine intended primarily for the new Fairey Fleet Air Arm aircraft, particularly the Fairey Barracuda. The Exe was relatively powerful for its era, producing about . This is notable given the relatively small  displacement, the Merlin requiring  for approximately the same power level. The X-24 layout made this quite a compact engine.

The Exe was named after the River Exe, although Rolls-Royce later transferred the use of river names to its gas turbine engines.

Design and development
The Exe was under development in 1939, having been started in the 1930s, along with the Peregrine and Vulture. Work on the Exe was suspended in August 1939, and stopped about August 1940. Ernest Hives, head of the Rolls-Royce aero engine division, wanted to stop work on the Exe, Peregrine, and Vulture to concentrate on the Merlin and Griffon engines. An enlarged version, the Rolls-Royce Pennine, was built later in the war, but cancelled as jet engines became the company's focus.

Originally intended for the Supermarine Type 322 and Fairey Barracuda the Exe was only test flown in a Fairey Battle, the first flight taking place on 30 November 1938. This aircraft continued in use for some time as a communications aircraft where the Exe was noted to be quite reliable in service.

Applications 
 Fairey Barracuda (intended)
 Fairey Battle (testbed)
 Supermarine Type 322 (intended)

Specifications (Exe)

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography
 Gunston, Bill. World Encyclopaedia of Aero Engines. Cambridge, England. Patrick Stephens Limited, 1989. 
 Lloyd, Ian Rolls-Royce: The Merlin at War (1978, Macmillan London) 
 Lumsden, Alec. British Piston Engines and their Aircraft. Marlborough, Wiltshire: Airlife Publishing, 2003. .
 Pugh, Peter.The Magic of a Name: The Rolls-Royce Story, The first 40 Years (2000, Icon Books Cambridge) 
 Rubbra, A.A. Rolls-Royce Piston Aero Engines - a designer remembers: Historical Series no 16 :Rolls-Royce Heritage Trust, 1990.

External links
 Photo of the Rolls-Royce Exe
 The Exe-engined Fairey Battle (top picture) in a 1948 issue of Flight

Exe
1930s aircraft piston engines
X engines
Delta class. Delta class may refer to:

 Delta-class submarine () Soviet designations Project 667B "Murena", Project 667BD "Murena-M", Project 667BDR "Kalmar", Project 667BDRM "Delfin"; NATO reporting names Delta I, Delta II, Delta III, Delta IV respectively), a series of third generation nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines of the Soviet Navy.
 Delta-class repair ship, a variant of the U.S. Navy MARCOM Type C3-class ship
 MEKO Delta-class frigate, an alternative name for the MEKO D frigate design which would evolve into the MEKO 200 family
 Virgin Galactic Delta-class spacecraft, the followup suborbital spaceship to SpaceShip III-class spacecraft
 Delta-class Payload Assist Module (PAM-D), a U.S. satellite launch upper-stage rocket
 Delta-class locomotive; see Egyptian Delta Light Railways
 Nordex Delta-class windmill electric power turbine
 Delta-class strike fighter, a fictional spaceship from Metroid; see Characters in the Metroid series

See also

 SPAP class Δ (Vulcan) (SPAP class delta) locomotive
 Delta (disambiguation)
 Class (disambiguation)
 Class 4 (disambiguation)
 Fourth class
 
 
 
 
 Class D (disambiguation)
 D class (disambiguation)
Institut de Cognitique. In Bordeaux, the Cognitique Institute (IdC) was a public education institution, founded in 2003 by the Bordeaux Segalen University, that includes a cognitive engineering training program (master in engineering), two Masters programs and a PhD program in applied cognitive science. In 2009, IdC joined the Polytechnic Institute of Bordeaux (IPB) and its name changed to become : Ecole Nationale Superieure de Cognitique (ENSC). Professor Bernard Claverie was the founder and director of the Bordeaux Cognitique Institute (2003-2009) and of the ENSC (2009-2019).

References

University of Bordeaux
Educational institutions established in 2003
2003 establishments in France
Tetrachloroethylene (data page). This page provides supplementary chemical data on tetrachloroethylene.

Material Safety Data Sheet  

The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommended that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS) for this chemical from a reliable source  such as SIRI, and follow its directions. MSDS is available from Fisher Scientific.

Structure and properties

Thermodynamic properties

Vapor pressure of liquid

Table data obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 47th ed. Note that "(s)" annotation indicates equilibrium temperature of vapor pressure of solid. Otherwise indication is equilibrium temperature of vapor of liquid.

Distillation data
See also
 Trichloroethylene (data page)

Spectral data

References

 

Chemical data pages
Chemical data pages cleanup
3079th Aviation Depot Wing. The 3079th Aviation Depot Wing, Air Materiel Command, United States Air Force, headquartered at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, was a weapons of mass destruction unit of key strategic importance and nuclear weapons ("special weapons") storage wing active until 1962.

It had five Aviation Depot Groups storing and maintaining nuclear weapons, The 3080th Aviation Depot Group at Caribou AFS / Loring Air Force Base, ME (17 Dec 1951 – 1 Jul 1962); 3081st Aviation Depot Group at Rushmore AFS / Ellsworth Air Force Base, SD (4 Feb 1952 – 1 Jul 1962); 3082nd Aviation Depot Group at Deep Creek AFS / Fairchild Air Force Base, WA (4 April 1952 - 1 Jul 1962); 3083rd Aviation Depot Group at Fairfield AFS / Travis Air Force Base, CA (4 Sep 1952 – 1 Jul 1962); and 3084th Aviation Depot Group at Stoney Brook AFS / Westover Air Force Base, MA (17 Mar 54 - 1 Jul 1962); plus three squadrons which transported special weapons worldwide using C-124 Globemaster II aircraft. These were the 7th Logistic Support Squadron at Robins Air Force Base, Warner Robins, Georgia, the 28th Logistic Support Squadron based in Hill Air Force Base, Ogden, Utah, and the 19th Logistic Support Squadron based at Kelly Air Force Base, San Antonio, Texas.

The 3079th ADW was inactivated effective 1 July 1962.

References

3079
Nuclear weapons program of the United States
Chichibabin pyridine synthesis. The Chichibabin pyridine synthesis () is a method for synthesizing pyridine rings. The reaction involves the condensation reaction of aldehydes, ketones, α,β-Unsaturated carbonyl compounds, or any combination of the above, with ammonia. It was reported by Aleksei Chichibabin in 1924. 
Methyl-substituted pyridines, which show widespread uses among multiple fields of applied chemistry, are prepared by this methodology.

Representative syntheses

The syntheses are presently conduced commercially in the presence of oxide catalysts such as modified alumina (Al2O3) or silica (SiO2). The reactants are passed over the catalyst at 350-500 °C. 2-Methylpyridine- and 4-methylpyridine are produced as a mixture from acetaldehyde and ammonia. 3-Methylpyridine and pyridine are produced from acrolein and ammonia.  Acrolein and propionaldehyde react with ammonia affords mainly 3-methylpyridine. 5-Ethyl-2-methylpyridine is produced from paraldehyde and ammonia.

Mechanism and optimizations
These syntheses involve many reactions such as imine synthesis, base-catalyzed aldol condensations, and Michael reactions.

Many efforts have been made to improve the method. Conducting the reaction in the gas phase in the presence of aluminium(III) oxide. zeolite (yield 98.9% at 500 K),

From nitriles
Of the many variations have been explored. one approach employs nitriles as the nitrogen source.  For example, acrylonitrile and acetone affords 2-methylpyridine uncontaminated with the 4-methyl derivative.  In another variation, alkynes and nitriles react in the presence of organocobalt catalysts, a reaction inspired by alkyne trimerization.

See also
Chichibabin reaction
Gattermann–Skita synthesis
Hantzsch pyridine synthesis
Ciamician–Dennstedt rearrangement

References

Pyridine forming reactions
Heterocycle forming reactions
Name reactions
Soviet inventions
Willy Rampf. Willy Rampf (born 20 June 1953) is a German car engineer who is currently a technical consultant for Williams Racing and was the former technical director of the Sauber Formula One team.

Career 
Rampf was born in Maria Thalheim, studied Automotive Engineering at the Munich University of Applied Sciences, and has worked as a development engineer for BMW since 1979. From 1989 to 1993, Rampf worked for BMW in South Africa, where he discovered Formula One.

The Sauber team made its debut in Formula One at the South African Grand Prix in 1993. Rampf was invited to the race, and half a year later he signed a contract to become race engineer for the Sauber team.

Rampf was the engineer of Sauber driver Heinz-Harald Frentzen for three years. In the 1997 season, he worked for drivers Nicola Larini, Norberto Fontana and Gianni Morbidelli. At the end of the 1997 season, Rampf returned to BMW, where he would lead the motorcycle project for the Dakar Rally. BMW motorcyclist Richard Sainct would win that race.

At the end of 1999, Rampf returned to Sauber, where he became technical director on 1 April 2000. He remained in that position when Sauber was taken over by BMW in 2005, and when the company withdrew its backing in 2009.

Rampf left his position at Sauber in April 2010, and was replaced by James Key.

He joined Volkswagen Motorsport as technical director in August 2011, overseeing the design of the Polo R WRC.

References
Willy Rampf: the unknown technical director .  Joe Saward.  grandprix.com, 26 January 2002. Retrieved 5 July 2008.
Exclusive interview - BMW Sauber's Willy Rampf. Formula1.com 20 February 2008. Retrieved 5 July 2008.

1953 births
Living people
BMW people
Formula One engineers
German automotive engineers
German motorsport people
People from Erding (district)
Engineers from Bavaria
Sauber Motorsport
Williams Grand Prix Engineering
Sportspeople from Upper Bavaria
PTM-3 mine. The PTM-3 (Russian: ПТМ-3: ПротивоТанковая Мина-3) is a Soviet scatterable self-liquidating shaped charge anti-tank mine. The mine's case is made up of a stamped steel body with notches in its side. The notches allow the mine to produce a shaped charge effect on five sides - 4 on the sides, and one on the end face. The mine has two arming stages - pyrotechnic and mechanical, and has a magnetic influence battery-powered fuze BT-06 (Russian: БТ-06). The mine can be delivered using the BM-30 Smerch (9M55K4), BM-27 Uragan (9M59), BM-21 Grad (9M22K) MLRS, helicopter-mounted minelaying system VSM-1, remote mining machine UMZ (Russian: УМЗ) or portable mining kit PKM (Russian: ПКМ: Переносной Комплект Минирования). It cannot be placed manually, and must only be placed using remote minelaying systems listed above.

Action 
The mine can be deployed on soil with various minelaying systems utilizing  KPTM-3 cassettes - each containing one PTM-3 mine. A rope is attached to the body of the cassette and the pin of the mine. Once the cassette bursts, the rope pulls on the pin of the mine, completing the mechanical stage of arming. They can also be deployed by drones.

When on the ground, upon the burnout time of the pyrotechnic moderator has elapsed, the fuze moves into "combat position". The arming process generally takes 60 seconds after the trigger of the thermal sensor.

When an armored vehicle drives over the mine, due to fluctuations in the magnetic field, the mine is triggered. The created shaped charges as a result of the explosion penetrate the tank, and kill the crew inside or damage the tank systems.

Due to its high sensitivity to changes in the magnetic field, the mine may be triggered by individuals, along with vehicles. If no target has been detected, the mine self-destructs after the completion of the self-liqudation period.

Destruction 
Installed PTM-3 mines cannot be removed by dislocation. The mines self-destruct 16–24 hours after deployment. If a mine has not self-destructed upon the completion of the set self-liquidation timeframe, it is destroyed using a remotely-triggered explosive charge weighing 0.2-0.4 kg placed next to the mine. It is prohibited to destroy the PTM-3 mines before the self-liquidation period has elapsed, as the placement of the explosive charge could trigger the mine. If the mine must absolutely be removed before the self-liquidation period has elapsed, it can be destroyed by machine gun fire, preferably mounted on an armored vehicle.

Specifications
 Mass
 Charge: 1.8 kg of TG-40 (60/40 RDX/TNT)
 Deployed: 4.9 kg
 Full assembly: 8.5 kg
 Dimensions (mm): 330x84x84
 Self-liquidation time (h): 16-24 (depends on weather conditions)
 Temperature range of use (°С): -40 to +50
 Shelf life: 10 years

See also 
 PFM-1
 PMN mine
 Anti-tank mine

Notes 

Anti-tank mines
Land mines of the Soviet Union
Barnett J4B. The Barnett J4B is a small gyroplane marketed in the United States by Barnett Rotorcraft for homebuilding. Originally flown as the J-3M with an open cockpit and fabric-covered sides, later versions have a fiberglass cockpit pod either partially or fully enclosing the pilot. Apart from the basic J4B, versions available in 2007 included the BRC540 (two seats side-by-side) and J4B2 (two seats in tandem).

Variants
J-3M
Original variant with  Continental A65 engine.
J-4M
Improved J-3M with  Continental C85 engine.
J4B
Single-seat autogyro with 23 ft rotor.
J4B-2
Two-seat variant of the J4B with a 25ft 4in rotor.

Specifications (typical J4B)

References

Citations

Bibliography
 
 Popular Rotorcraft Association (archived)

External links
 Barnett Rotorcraft company website

1970s United States sport aircraft
Single-engined pusher autogyros
Bartlett Zephyr. 

The Bartlett LC-13A Zephyr 150 was a United States light civil aircraft built in the 1940s. It was a mid-wing braced monoplane of conventional design with side-by-side seating for two and fixed, tailwheel undercarriage. It was originally marketed as the Babcock LC-13 by its original manufacturer, then as the Taubman LC-13 when the Babcock Airplane Corporation was acquired by Taubman Aircraft. The rights were finally acquired by Bartlett Aircraft in 1941, but plans to mass-produce it were halted by the outbreak of World War II.  There was a brief attempt to revive the design at the end of the war, but nothing came of this.

Specifications (LC-13A Zephyr 150)

See also
California during World War II

References

Further reading

External links
 aerofiles.com

1940s United States civil utility aircraft
Zephyr
Single-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Barnett Rotorcraft. 

Barnett Rotorcraft is an American aircraft manufacturer established by Jerry Barnett in Olivehurst, California in 1962 to market gyrocopters for homebuilding. The firm's most significant design is the Barnett J4B, available in single- and two-seat versions.

References
 
 aerofiles.com
 Barnett Rotorcraft company website

Aircraft manufacturers of the United States
Manufacturing companies based in California
Companies based in Yuba County, California
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1962
1962 establishments in California
Bartlett Aircraft. Bartlett Aircraft Corp. was a US aircraft manufacturer founded in Rosemead, California in 1941 to build light aircraft from designs acquired from the purchase of Taubman Aircraft, who in turn bought them from Babcock Airplane Corporation.

World War II interrupted plans for mass production and although another attempt to resume production was made at the end of hostilities, nothing came of this.

Aircraft
Bartlett Zephyr

References

 
 aerofiles.com,Babcock, Babcock-Vlchek 
 

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the United States
Technology companies based in Greater Los Angeles
Defunct companies based in Greater Los Angeles
Rosemead, California
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1941
Technology companies established in 1941
1941 establishments in California
American companies established in 1941