omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
HMAS Broome (J191). HMAS Broome (J191), named for the town of Broome, Western Australia, was one of 60 Bathurst-class corvettes constructed during World War II and one of 20 built for the Admiralty but manned by personnel of and commissioned into the Royal Australian Navy (RAN).

Design and construction

In 1938, the Australian Commonwealth Naval Board (ACNB) identified the need for a general purpose 'local defence vessel' capable of both anti-submarine and mine-warfare duties, while easy to construct and operate. The vessel was initially envisaged as having a displacement of approximately 500 tons, a speed of at least , and a range of  The opportunity to build a prototype in the place of a cancelled Bar-class boom defence vessel saw the proposed design increased to a 680-ton vessel, with a  top speed, and a range of , armed with a 4-inch gun, equipped with asdic, and able to fitted with either depth charges or minesweeping equipment depending on the planned operations: although closer in size to a sloop than a local defence vessel, the resulting increased capabilities were accepted due to advantages over British-designed mine warfare and anti-submarine vessels. Construction of the prototype  did not go ahead, but the plans were retained. The need for locally built 'all-rounder' vessels at the start of World War II saw the "Australian Minesweepers" (designated as such to hide their anti-submarine capability, but popularly referred to as "corvettes") approved in September 1939, with 60 constructed during the course of the war: 36 ordered by the RAN, 20 (including Broome) ordered by the British Admiralty but manned and commissioned as RAN vessels, and 4 for the Royal Indian Navy.

Broome was laid down by Evans Deakin and Company at Brisbane on 3 May 1941, launched on 6 October 1941 by Mrs. M. J. McKew, wife of the shipyard's works manager, and commissioned on 29 July 1942.

Operational history
The corvette operated during World War II, and was awarded the battle honours "Pacific 1942-45" and "New Guinea 1942-44" for her service.

HMAS Broome paid off on 24 August 1946, was sold to the Turkish Navy and renamed Alanya. The vessel left Turkish service in 1975. The ship's bell was recovered before the sale, and returned to Broome. It was presented to the Broome Road Board in June 1952, who then passed the bell on to Broome State School in November. The bell later ended up at the town's Returned and Services League club.

Citations

References
Books

Journal and news articles

Bathurst-class corvettes of the Royal Australian Navy
Ships built in Queensland
World War II corvettes of Australia
1941 ships
Bathurst-class corvettes of the Turkish Navy
Corvettes of the Cold War
XS. XS may refer to:

Arts and entertainment
 XS (comics), a DC Comics superheroine
 XS (manhwa), a South Korean comic by Song Ji-Hyung ()
 XS (radio station), a defunct station in Neath Port Talbot, Wales
 "XS" (song), a 2020 song by Rina Sawayama
 XS (video game), a 1997 FPS game made by GT interactive
 Xiaolin Showdown, an American animated television series
 XS: The Opera Opus (1984-6) no wave opera

Science, technology, and mathematics
 XS (Perl), an interface through which computer programs written in Perl can call C language subroutines
 Yamaha Motif, a series of synthesizers
 XS (EVS), a production server of EVS Broadcast Equipment
 Para-Ski XS, a Canadian powered parachute design
 Cross section (geometry)
 iPhone XS, smartphone by Apple Inc.

Other uses
 XS Energy Drink, drinks produced by AMWAY
 XS, a nightclub at the Encore Las Vegas
 Xavier School, a secondary school in San Juan, Metro Manila, Philippines
 Extra Small (XS), a size of clothing

See also
Excess (disambiguation)
X's (disambiguation)
Henrik Wann Jensen. Henrik Wann Jensen (born 1969 in Harlev, Jutland, Denmark) is a Danish computer graphics researcher. He is best known for developing the photon mapping technique as the subject of his PhD thesis, but has also done important research in simulating subsurface scattering and the sky.

He was awarded an Academy Award (Academy Award for Technical Achievement) in 2004 together with Stephen R. Marschner and Pat Hanrahan for pioneering research in simulating subsurface scattering of light in translucent materials as presented in their paper "A Practical Model for Subsurface Light Transport".
The technique of simulating and scattering light on a subsurface are used by the major render engines in the computer graphics industry like Mental Ray or V-Ray.

He is a professor emeritus at the Computer Graphics Laboratory at University of California, San Diego and has engineering degrees from the Technical University of Denmark, where he received his PhD. He is chief scientist at Luxion, a company focused on simulating physically accurate light properties on a 3D object.

References

External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20040110061126/http://graphics.ucsd.edu/~henrik/ Homepage of Henrik Wann Jensen at University of California, San Diego.
Interview with Henrik Wann Jensen and Thomas Teger from Luxion. 

1970 births
Living people
Danish computer scientists
Computer graphics professionals
Academy Award for Technical Achievement winners
Gait belt. A gait belt or transfer belt is a device put on a patient who has mobility issues, by a caregiver prior to that caregiver moving the patient. Patients may have problems with balance and a gait belt may be used to aid in the safe movement of a patient, from a standing position to a wheelchair, for example. The gait belt has been customarily made out of cotton webbing, with a durable metal buckle on one end. Cleanable vinyl gait belts were introduced due to the tendency of webbing to harbor supergerms.

Purpose and use 
Gait belts are worn around a patient's waist. Their purpose is to put less strain on the lumbar spine of the patient as the caregiver(s) are transporting the patient. Gait belts are used in nursing homes, hospitals, or other similar facilities. It is a 2-inch-wide (5 cm) belt, with or without handles. The gait belt must always be applied on top of clothing or gown to protect the patient's skin. A gait belt can be used with patients in both one-person or two-person pivot transfer, or in transfer with a slider board.

Problems 
With the advent of supergerms, such as  MRSA and VRE, trying to limit the ways germs are transmitted is a major concern for the healthcare industry. Identifying proper methods for cleaning webbed belts is an issue that most healthcare facilities are struggling with. Organizations like the Joint Commission, OSHA and the CDC are constantly updating their recommendations for cleaning inanimate objects like the gait belt. An antimicrobial vinyl gait belt was patented by Barry Chapman in 2013.

When required by law 
When required by law, nursing homes may be fined if a patient is hurt during transport and subsequent investigations show the patient was not wearing a gait belt. On September 13, 2017, Douglas Manor nursing home in Windham, Connecticut, was fined $1,530 after a patient sustained several injuries when staff failed to use the gait belt when assisting with transfer.

OSHA guidelines
The OSHA website offers current practice guidelines for the use of gait belts. The guidelines point out that more than one caregiver may be needed, and that belts with padded handles are easier to grip. It further states that gait belts are never to be used as restraints or on patients with G-tubes, and are avoided with patients who have catheters.

References

Medical devices
V1. V1 can refer to the first version of anything.

V1, V01 or V-1 may also refer to:

In aircraft
 V-1 flying bomb, a World War II German weapon
 V1 speed, the maximum speed at which an aircraft pilot may abort a takeoff without causing a runway overrun
 Vultee V-1, an American single-engine airliner of the 1930s
 Fokker V.1, a German parasol monoplane experimental fighter prototype, built in 1916
 The first prototype/experimental (Versuchs) airframe of nearly any German WW II-era military aircraft

Vessels
 V1-class destroyer, a German World War I destroyer class
 USS V-1, 1924–1931 designation of the USS Barracuda (SS-163), first of the US "V-boat" series of submarines
 V1, a rudderless single-paddler outrigger canoe
 V1, the first prototype of the Panzer VIII Maus tank

In medicine
 V1, the primary visual cortex
 V1, the ophthalmic nerve, first division of the trigeminal nerve
 V1, one of six precordial leads in electrocardiography

Other uses
 Base form (V1) of an English verb
 ATC code V01 Allergens, a subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System
 V1 (classification), a Paralympic archery classification for people with visual disabilities
 LNER Class V1, a 1930–1939 British 2-6-2 tank engine class
 NER Class V1, a class of British steam locomotives officially classified V/09, but classified V1 in some sources
 Nikon 1 V1, a camera
 V1 Gallery, in Copenhagenany
 ITU-T V.1, a telecommunication recommendation
 V1, a visual query language for property graphs
 Z1 (computer), previously known as V1
V1 (film), a 2019 Indian film
V1, main protagonist of the video game Ultrakill

See also
 VI (disambiguation) (letter "i" as opposed to number "1")
 1V (disambiguation)
Daniel Robbins (computer programmer). Daniel Robbins is a computer programmer who founded the Gentoo Linux project and was its former chief architect. In 2008, he launched the Funtoo project, a free Linux distribution based on Gentoo, and he became the project's lead developer and organizer. He works in Albuquerque, New Mexico at Zenoss, and as president for Funtoo Technologies.

Biography

Formation of Gentoo Linux distribution 
During his time as a system administrator at the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque, Robbins formed his own distribution Enoch Linux, which was later renamed Gentoo Linux in 2002.

Gentoo struggled to create a business model that would support its key developers, like many other free software projects at the time. Robbins resigned as Chief Architect in April 2004. He formed the Gentoo Foundation and transferred all Gentoo intellectual property to it, so that Gentoo would be run as a full community-based model. He rejoined the project for a short time from August 2006, becoming a developer again in February 2007 and joining the amd64 team but resigned in early March 2007.

There have been several high-profile criticisms of the way Gentoo has run since Robbins left, such as: "...since the resignation of Gentoo's founder and benevolent dictator from the project in 2004, the newly established Gentoo Foundation has been battling with lack of clear directions and frequent developer conflicts...".

In mid-July 2007, it emerged that Robbins was still technically the legal president of the Gentoo Foundation.

Funtoo Linux
In 2008, Robbins began to work on Funtoo, a project created to allow him to work on extending the technologies originally created for Gentoo.

In 2024, Robbins announced that he would shut down Funtoo without searching a handover.

Microsoft 
Robbins' move to Microsoft, in May 2005, attracted attention within the Linux community, which has historically had a combative relationship with Microsoft. He described his role working for Bill Hilf as "...helping Microsoft to understand Open Source and community-based projects..."

However, Robbins resigned less than a year later in January 2006 due to frustrations that he was unable to fully utilize his technical skills in this position.

RTLinux
Later in 2006, he joined FSMLabs in Socorro, New Mexico, to work on RTLinux.

Funtoo Technologies

Daniel Robbins is also president of Funtoo Technologies, a consulting firm founded in 2006 and located in Albuquerque, New Mexico.

References

External links
 Linux Crazy podcast featuring an interview with Daniel Robbins

Living people
University of New Mexico staff
Anglophone Quebec people
American computer programmers
Canadian emigrants to the United States
Free software programmers
Linux people
People from Montreal
Gentoo Linux people
Worcester Polytechnic Institute alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
BlooP and FlooP. and  (Bounded loop and Free loop) are simple programming languages designed by Douglas Hofstadter to illustrate a point in his book Gödel, Escher, Bach. BlooP is a Turing-incomplete programming language whose main control flow structure is a bounded loop (i.e. recursion is not permitted). All programs in the language must terminate, and this language can only express primitive recursive functions.

FlooP is identical to BlooP except that it supports unbounded loops; it is a Turing-complete language and can express all computable functions. For example, it can express the Ackermann function, which (not being primitive recursive) cannot be written in BlooP. Borrowing from standard terminology in mathematical logic, Hofstadter calls FlooP's unbounded loops MU-loops. Like all Turing-complete programming languages, FlooP suffers from the halting problem: programs might not terminate, and it is not possible, in general, to decide which programs do.

BlooP and FlooP can be regarded as models of computation, and have sometimes been used in teaching computability.

BlooP examples

The only variables are OUTPUT (the return value of the procedure) and CELL(i) (an unbounded sequence of natural-number variables, indexed by constants, as in the Unlimited Register Machine). The only operators are ⇐ (assignment), + (addition), × (multiplication), < (less-than), > (greater-than) and = (equals).

Each program uses only a finite number of cells, but the numbers in the cells can be arbitrarily large. Data structures such as lists or stacks can be handled by interpreting the number in a cell in specific ways, that is, by Gödel numbering the possible structures.

Control flow constructs include bounded loops, conditional statements, ABORT jumps out of loops, and QUIT jumps out of blocks. BlooP does not permit recursion, unrestricted jumps, or anything else that would have the same effect as the unbounded loops of FlooP. Named procedures can be defined, but these can call only previously defined procedures.

Factorial function

Subtraction function 
This is not a built-in operation and (being defined on natural numbers) never gives a negative result (e.g. 2 − 3 := 0). Note that OUTPUT starts at 0, like all the CELLs, and therefore requires no initialization.

FlooP example

The example below, which implements the Ackermann function, relies on simulating a stack using Gödel numbering: that is, on previously defined numerical functions PUSH, POP, and TOP satisfying PUSH [N, S] > 0, TOP [PUSH [N, S]] = N, and POP [PUSH [N, S]] = S. Since an unbounded MU-LOOP is used, this is not a legal BlooP program. The QUIT BLOCK instructions in this case jump to the end of the block and repeat the loop, unlike the ABORT, which exits the loop.

See also
 Machine that always halts

References

External links
Dictionary of Programming Languages - BLooP
Dictionary of Programming Languages - FLooP
The Retrocomputing Museum
Portland Pattern Repository: Bloop Floop and Gloop
A compiler for BlooP and FlooP

Educational programming languages
Experimental programming languages
ColorForth. colorForth is a programming language from the Forth language's creator, Charles H. Moore, developed in the 1990s. The language combines elements of Moore's earlier Forth systems and adds color as a way of indicating how words should be interpreted. Program text is tokenized as it is edited; the compiler operates on the tokenized form, so there is less work at compile time.

colorForth is an idiosyncratic programming environment: the colors simplify Forth's semantics, speed compiling, and are said to aid Moore's own poor eyesight: colorForth uses different colors in its source code (replacing some of the punctuation in standard Forth) to determine how different words are treated.

colorForth was originally developed as the scripting language for Moore's own VLSI CAD program, OKAD, with which he develops custom Forth processors. As the language gained utility, he rewrote his CAD program in it, spruced up the environment, and released it to the public. It has since gained a small following, spurred much debate in the Forth community, and sprung offshoots for other processors and operating environments. The language's roots are closer to the Forth machine languages Moore develops for his processors than to the mainstream standardized Forths in more widespread use.

The language comes with its own tiny (63 KB) operating system. Practically everything is stored as source code and compiled when needed. The current colorForth environment is limited to running on Pentium-grade PCs with limited support for lowest-common-denominator motherboards, AGP video, disk, and network hardware.

Coloring in colorForth has semantic meaning. Red words start a definition, and green words are compiled into the current definition. Thus, colorForth would be written in standard Forth as
 : color forth ;

Yellow words are executed. The transition from green to yellow and back again can be used while defining words, to transition between compiling words into the current definition, executing words immediately (manipulating the data stack during compilation), and back again (adding the top of the data stack to the current definition) in other words, precomputing a value during compilation (a functionality that other languages use macros or optimizing compilers for).

Moore developed Forth in the early 1970s and created a series of implementations of the language. In the 1980s he diverged from the standardization of the language, instead continuing to evolve it. He developed a series of Forth-like languages, each extreme in its simplicity: Machine Forth, OKAD, and colorForth.

Moore has stated that color is only one option for displaying the language. One of Moore's papers on colorForth was printed in black and white but used italics and other typographical conventions to present source code.

References

External links 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Concatenative programming languages
Experimental programming languages
Forth programming language family
SPNEGO. Simple and Protected GSSAPI Negotiation Mechanism (SPNEGO), often pronounced "spenay-go", is a GSSAPI "pseudo mechanism" used by client-server software to negotiate the choice of security technology. SPNEGO is used when a client application wants to authenticate to a remote server, but neither end is sure what authentication protocols the other supports. The pseudo-mechanism uses a protocol to determine what common GSSAPI mechanisms are available, selects one and then dispatches all further security operations to it. This can help organizations deploy new security mechanisms in a phased manner.

SPNEGO's most visible use is in Microsoft's "HTTP Negotiate" authentication extension. It was first implemented in Internet Explorer 5.01 and IIS 5.0 and provided single sign-on capability later marketed as Integrated Windows Authentication. The negotiable sub-mechanisms included NTLM and Kerberos, both used in Active Directory. The HTTP Negotiate extension was later implemented with similar support in:
 Mozilla 1.7 beta
 Mozilla Firefox 0.9
 Konqueror 3.3.1
 Google Chrome 6.0.472

History 
 19 February 1996 – Eric Baize and Denis Pinkas publish the Internet Draft Simple GSS-API Negotiation Mechanism (draft-ietf-cat-snego-01.txt).
 17 October 1996 – The mechanism is assigned the object identifier 1.3.6.1.5.5.2 and is abbreviated snego. 
 25 March 1997 – Optimistic piggybacking of one mechanism's initial token is added. This saves a round trip.
 22 April 1997 – The "preferred" mechanism concept is introduced. The draft standard's name is changed from just "Simple" to "Simple and Protected" (spnego).
 16 May 1997 – Context flags are added (delegation, mutual auth, etc.). Defenses are provided against attacks on the new "preferred" mechanism.
 22 July 1997 – More context flags are added (integrity and confidentiality).
 18 November 1998 – The rules of selecting the common mechanism are relaxed. Mechanism preference is integrated into the mechanism list.
 4 March 1998 – An optimisation is made for an odd number of exchanges. The mechanism list itself is made optional.
 December 1998 (Final) – DER encoding is chosen to disambiguate how the MIC is calculated. The draft is submitted for standardisation as RFC 2478.
 October 2005 – Interoperability with Microsoft implementations is addressed. Some constraints are improved and clarified and defects corrected. Published as RFC 4178, although it is now non-interoperable with strict implementations of now-obsoleted RFC 2478.

Notes

References

External links 
  The Simple and Protected GSS-API Negotiation Mechanism (obsoletes ).
  SPNEGO-based Kerberos and NTLM HTTP Authentication in Microsoft Windows

Cryptographic protocols
Computer access control protocols
SFA. SFA may refer to:

In science and technology

In medicine 
 Superficial femoral artery, a large artery in the thigh

In chemistry
 Saturated fatty acid, a type of fatty acid with no double bonds
 Segmented flow analysis, a technique and class of instrument used in chemical analysis
 Sodium fluoroacetate, an organofluorine chemical compound, and the sodium salt of fluoroacetic acid

In physical science and engineering
 Substance flow analysis, a method of analyzing the flows of a material in a well-defined system
 Surface forces apparatus, a scientific instrument and technique
 Svenska Flygmotor Aktiebolaget late 1940s Swedish aero-engine manufacturer

Other uses in science and technology
 Sales force automation, information systems used in customer relationship marketing
 Simple feature access, a standard storage and access model for geographical data
 Single Frequency Approach, an aviation procedure
 Stochastic Frontier Analysis, a method of economic modeling
 Striker Fired Action, in firearms

Organizations

In education 
 Sabena Flight Academy, Belgium
 Skills Funding Agency, England
 Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, Texas, US
 Success for All, school curricula, US

Other organizations
 Space Force Association
 Special Forces Association
 Free Syrian Army
 Maghaweir al-Thowra, officially the Syrian Free Army
 Somali Film Agency, a film regulatory body
 Student/Farmworker Alliance, Immokalee, Florida, US
 Swedish Fortifications Agency
 Singapore Food Agency

Sports
 Scottish Football Association, the football governing body in Scotland
 Sudan Football Association
 Sarawak FA, a Malaysian association football club
 Selangor FA, a Malaysian association football club
 Stephen F. Austin Lumberjacks and Ladyjacks, the athletic program of Stephen F. Austin State University

Other uses
 Jonathan Davis and the SFA, an American metal band
 Super Furry Animals, a Welsh rock band
 Stratford International station
 Six Flags America, an amusement park in Bowie, MD
 Six Flags AstroWorld, a former amusement park located in Houston, Texas