omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
StarRotor Corporation. StarRotor Corporation is a startup company founded to commercialize technology from Texas A&M University. It was incorporated in March 2001 by Dr. Mark Holtzapple and Andrew Rabroker.  The company gets its name and logo design from the gerotor the company designed to compress and expand gasses.

History

Current Products

Compressors

Expanders

Products Under Development

Air Conditioning

StarRotor Engine
The StarRotor engine is being designed to use the Brayton cycle instead of the Otto cycle found in almost all gasoline automobiles. It is predicted to be efficient (45%-60% efficiency compared to 15% to 20% efficiency of other engines) and to produce fewer pollutants than traditional engines. Like turbine engines, the StarRotor engine will be capable of running on many types of fuel, including but not limited to gasoline, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel, alcohol, methane, hydrogen, and vegetable oil.

Integrated Motors/Generators

See also
www.starrotor.com, Company website
Sustainable Energy and Transportation, April 25, 2006 Texas A&M lecture by Dr. Holtzapple
The race to 100 mpg, July 2007 article mentioning the StarRotor engine

References

Texas A&M University
Companies based in Bryan, Texas
Relaxed sequential. Relaxed sequential in computer science is an execution model describing the ability of a parallel program to run sequentially. If a parallel program has a valid sequential execution it is said to follow a relaxed sequential execution model. It does not need to be efficient.

The word relaxed refers to the notion that serial programs are actually overly constrained by implicit serial dependencies (such as the program counter) and that one can introduce as much parallelism as possible without removing the ability to run sequentially. One can think of this model as being as relaxed as possible while still being able to run correctly in a single thread. That is the goal.

Most parallel programs can run sequentially but will benefit from parallelism when it is present. It is possible to design programs that require parallelism for correct behavior. Algorithms such as producer-consumer that are implemented so as to require two or more threads are one example of requiring concurrency to work properly. For instance, consider a bounded container with a capacity for only three items and a program which has one thread doing “PUT PUT PUT PUT,” and another thread doing “GET GET GET GET,” each doing their actions only four at a time. Such a program requires interleaving (concurrency). A program that requires concurrency is more difficult to debug. It is easier to debug a program that has a valid sequential execution.

Programs designed to require concurrency are more difficult to debug. Programs designed to require concurrency will have performance issues when the number of required threads exceeds the number of hardware threads because time slicing artifacts can hit hard.

See also
Deadlock
Race Conditions

References
 Reinders, James, Intel Threading Building Blocks: Outfitting C++ for Multi-core Processor Parallelism, First Edition. O'Reilly Media, 2007, .  Pages 169-170.

Parallel computing
Electronics For You. Electronics For You magazine is India's first monthly publication for electronics engineers. It was first conceptualised at IIT Madras in 1969 by Ramesh Chopra, and was published by EFY Enterprises Pvt Ltd headed by S.P Chopra and Veena Khanna.

The publisher of this magazine currently manages multiple magazines, annual events, and around 30 book titles. The company also provides hands-on training courses, and manufactures and markets Do-It-Yourself electronics projects and hobby kits. It has partnered with Mouser Electronics for their entire IoT series in India. The magazine has partnered with ELCINA to conduct events that recognise and award innovative technology companies.  Additionally, the magazine sponsors the Electronics For You Prize, an award given to a student at IIT Madras each year.

Electronics For You magazine has a history of being collected and saved by engineers and technologists across India.

References

External links
 

Magazine publishing companies of India
Companies based in New Delhi
Electronics journals
Altmann (1905 automobile). The Altmann was a German automobile made by , Brandenburg/Havel from 1905 to 1907. It was one of only a handful of German steam car makes, and was quite advanced for the era. Its valve timing engine allowed it to follow the Gardner-Serpollet principle, though the engine differed from that design in other aspects. Its three cylinders allowed it to produce . Its use of a condensation system and ensuing low consumption of water gave it an effective range of around  on a single tank of water. The death of its designer, Adolf Altmann, prevented it from being built on a large scale. The firm later went on to build electric cars.

References
 Hans-Otto Neubauer, "Altmann", in G.N. Georgano, ed., The Complete Encyclopedia of Motorcars 1885-1968 (New York: E.P. Dutton and Co., 1974), pp. 38.

Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of Germany
Steam cars
Cars introduced in 1905
Cars discontinued in 1907
Amalgamated (1917 automobile). The Amalgamated was made by the Amalgamated Machinery Corp of Chicago, Illinois, from 1917 to 1919. The Amalgamated Six used a special engine which featured positively opened poppet valves. Instead of disc cams that would only lift, grooved cylindrical cams of the type similar to those in machine tools and other machinery were utilized. Aside from that, the Amalgamated was an assembled car,  and only a few were made.

References
^ Keith Marvin, "Amalgamated", in Georgano, G.N., ed., The Complete Encyclopedia of Motorcars 1885-1968  (New York: E.P. Dutton and Co., 1974), pp. 40.

1910s cars
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States
Motor vehicle manufacturers based in Illinois
Defunct manufacturing companies based in Illinois
American Junior (automobile). The American Junior was made by American Motor Vehicle Company of Lafayette, Indiana from 1916 to 1920. Also known simply as the American, it was an ultra-light two-seat vehicle with a one-cylinder engine. It was mainly intended to be sold for children. Its manufacturers hoped to compete with rickshaws in China and to produce electric vehicles for invalids.

References
Georgano, G.N., "American (iv)", in G.N. Georgano, ed., The Complete Encyclopedia of Motorcars 1885-1968  (New York: E.P. Dutton and Co., 1974), pp. 41.  .

Lafayette, Indiana
Vintage vehicles
American Juvenile Electric. The American Juvenile Electric was an electric car made by the American Metal Wheel & Auto Co of Toledo, Ohio, in 1907. Its wheelbase was a mere , but it was complete with ‘lights, bells, etc.’ and had tiller steering. Its top speed was , and it could go  on a charge. At $800, it cost more than many full-size cars.

References
 G. Marshall Naul, "American Juvenile Electric", in G.N. Georgano, ed., The Complete Encyclopedia of Motorcars 1885-1968 (New York: E.P. Dutton and Co., 1974), pp. 42.

Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States
Electric vehicles introduced in the 20th century
Motor vehicle manufacturers based in Ohio
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1907
American companies established in 1907
1907 establishments in Ohio
Vehicle manufacturing companies disestablished in 1907
1907 disestablishments in Ohio
Cars introduced in 1907
Cars discontinued in 1907
Hotel energy management. Hotel energy management is the practice of controlling procedures, operations and equipment that contribute to the energy use in a hotel operation. This includes the types of energy used (electricity, gas, water or other natural resources), as well as the types, quantities and energy efficiency ratings of energy consuming devices such as heating, cooling, elevators, cleaning and laundry. For example, a 2002 study of hotels in Hong Kong found that hotels used 73% of their energy as electricity.

Hotel energy usages are tracked and classified by the U.S. Department of Energy, including Energy Star, and statistics are regularly published in the Energy Information Administration annual reports.

Current practices
Since roughly the 1990s, energy service companies typically advise hotels regarding inefficient usage of energy and optimizing its usage. Some of these consultants participate by providing the products to implement their advice for a share of the cost savings. Examples of energy-saving practices used by hotels include:

 Using Infrared motion sensors, door contacts, and other means to detect occupancy to control the heating, ventilating and air conditioning systems (HVAC) when guests forget to switch off when they leave their room. 
 Turning off the lights when a room is not occupied - this is called smart lighting.
 Information cards requesting guests to save water by letting hotel housekeeping staff know if they would care to re-use towels and bed linens.
 Scheduling energy loads

References

Hospitality management
Energy conservation
Chalcogel. A chalcogel or properly metal chalcogenide aerogel is an aerogel made from chalcogenides. Chalcogels preferentially absorb heavy metals, such as mercury, lead, and cadmium, from water. Sulfide chalcogels are also very good at desulfurization.

Metal chalcogenide aerogels can be prepared from thiolysis or nanoparticle condensation and contain crystalline nanoparticles in the structure. The synthetic method can be extended to many thioanions, including tetrathiomolybdate-based chalcogels. Different metal ions have been used as linkers Co2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Bi3+, Cr3+.

When the gels are dried aerogels with high surface areas are obtained and the materials have multifunctional nature.  For example, chalcogels are especially promising for gas separation. They were reported to exhibit high selectivity in CO2 and C2H6 over H2 and CH4 adsorption. The latter is relevant to exit gas stream composition of water gas shift reaction and steam reforming reactions (reactions widely used for H2 production). For example, separation of gas pairs such as CO2/H2, CO2/CH4, and CO2/N2 are key steps in precombustion capture of CO2, natural gas sweetening and postcombustion capture of CO2 processes leading ultimately at upgrading of the raw gas. The above mentioned conditioning makes the gas suitable for a number of applications in fuel cells.

Chalcogels were shown to be very effective at capturing radionuclides from nuclear waste such as 99Tc, and 238U, and especially 129I.

References

External links
 Detailed background about the synthesis and applications of metal chalcogenide aerogels on Aerogel.org

Aerogels
Chalcogenides
Minnesota Northwestern Electric Railway. The Minnesota Northwestern Electric Railway was an interurban gasoline-electric railway which operated passenger and freight service between Thief River Falls, Minnesota and Goodridge, Minnesota, operating from 1914 to 1940.  The railway also served Silverton Township and Mavie.  There were several other stops along the way.  The original plan was to extend the line all the way to International Falls, Minnesota, however due to poor finances, the line never extended beyond Goodridge.

The line was acquired by the Minneapolis, St. Paul and Sault Ste. Marie Railway ("Soo Line") in 1915, and then leased back to the original management. The railway continued to operate with its only piece of motive power – a General Electric gas-electric interurban car numbered 101 until it ceased operation on March 15, 1940.

The tracks were removed and now the grade is used as the Wapiti Trail which is a snowmobile trail connecting Thief River Falls, Goodridge, and Fourtown.

Footnotes

References

External links
Postcard at Pennington County Historical Society
Depot in Goodridge

Predecessors of the Minneapolis, St. Paul and Sault Ste. Marie Railroad
Railway companies established in 1914
Railway companies disestablished in 1940
Defunct Minnesota railroads
Pennington County, Minnesota
Interurban railways in Minnesota
1914 establishments in Minnesota
1940 disestablishments in Minnesota
Automation Studio. Automation Studio is a circuit design, simulation and project documentation software for fluid power systems and electrical projects conceived by Famic Technologies Inc. It is used for CAD, maintenance, and training purposes. Mainly used by engineers, trainers, and service and maintenance personnel. Automation Studio can be applied in the design, training and troubleshooting of hydraulics, pneumatics, HMI, and electrical control systems.

References

External links

Simulation software
Keying (telecommunications). Keying is a family of modulation forms where the modulating signal takes one of a specific (predetermined) number of values at all times. The goal of keying is to transmit a digital signal over an analog channel. The name derives from the Morse code key used for telegraph signaling.

Modulation is the general technique of shaping a signal to convey information. When a digital message has to be represented as an analog waveform, the technique and term keying (or digital modulation) is used. Keying is characterized by the fact that the modulating signal will have a limited number of states (or values) at all times, to represent the corresponding digital states (commonly zero and one, although this might depend on the number of  symbols used). This is in contrast to analogue modulation, where an analogue signal is transmitted over an analogue channel, and where the modulated analogue signal will have an infinite number of meaningful states.
Furthermore, note that keying or digital modulation applies to transmitting a digital signal over an analogue passband channel. When a digital signal is to be transmitted over an analogue baseband channel, the modulation technique is termed line coding.

Several keying techniques exist, including phase-shift keying, frequency-shift keying, and amplitude-shift keying. Bluetooth, for example, uses phase-shift keying to exchange information between devices.

An overview of keying techniques is given at .

Radio modulation modes
Telecommunication theory
Magnesium injection cycle. The magnesium injection cycle (MAGIC) is an engine design under development by Mitsubishi Corporation and the Tokyo Institute of Technology that uses magnesium and water to generate power. The engine also makes use of solar powered lasers.

Overview
The joint project, initiated in 2005 and still in the experimental stage, developed a prototype carbon dioxide ()-free engine in 2006 that ran successfully without the need for fossil fuels. The chemical reaction between magnesium (in a powder form) and water at room temperature produces high-energy steam and hydrogen. The hydrogen is burned at the same time to produce additional high-energy steam.  These two steam sources power the engine.  The energy cycle produces no carbon dioxide or other harmful emissions. The only by-products of this reaction are water and magnesium oxide. The magnesium (a common metallic element) is separated from the oxygen through a solar-powered laser process (the development of which is already well advanced) and is reused over and over again as fuel.

Output
Despite its small dimensions (approx. 5 cm in diameter and 13.5 cm in height), the engine can generate a heat output of several tens of kW from which power is obtained. The engine is intended for use in cogeneration, automobiles, ships, and many other areas. A statement in 2006 claimed that further research was planned to achieve commercialization within the next three years. No updated timeline has been released.

Personnel
The engine development was led by Professor Takashi Yabe with the help of Professor Ikuta and others of Tokyo Institute of Technology with the cooperation of Ono Denki Seisakusho, K.K., a precision manufacturer located in Shinagawa, Tokyo. Professor Yabe performed experiments of the technology in 2007 at the Hokkaido Toyako G8 environmental summit hosted in Chitose, Japan.

See also
Alternative fuel

References

Engine technology
Service Description Table. Service Description Table (SDT) is a metadata table used in Digital Video Broadcasting systems to describe the television, radio or other services contained in MPEG transport streams provided by the system. The purpose and format of the table is defined in ETSI EN 300 468: Specification for Service Information (SI) in DVB systems.

An MPEG transport stream consists of a sequence of packets. SDTs are contained in packets identified by the packet ID (PID) 0x0011. Such packets may alternatively contain a Bouquet Association Table (BAT) or a Stuffing Table (ST). The type of information carried in the packet is identified using a table ID. The table ID 0x42 identifies the SDT providing information about services contained in the same transport stream as the SDT itself. The table ID 0x46 identifies SDTs providing information about services contained in other transport streams in the same network or system.

The SDT provides the following information about each service:
 the transport stream id.
 the service id.
 whether or not programme schedules are provided in the transport stream.
 whether or not there is information about the current and next programmes.
 the running status of the service (e.g. starting soon, paused, running or off-air).
 whether or not the service is scrambled.

Further optional information may be provided about each service, such as the name of the service, the name of the broadcaster responsible for the service, service availability or service authority url.

References

External links
 http://www.interactivetvweb.org/tutorials/dtv_intro

MPEG
Voluntary Emission Reduction. Voluntary Emission Reductions or Verified Emission Reductions (VERs) are a type of carbon offset exchanged in the voluntary or over-the-counter market for carbon credits. Verified Emission Reductions are usually certified through a voluntary certification process.

Verified Emission Reductions are usually created by projects which have been verified outside of the Kyoto Protocol. One VER is equivalent to 1 tonne of CO2 emissions. Through these schemes, industries and individuals voluntarily compensate for their emissions or provide an additional contribution to mitigating climate change.

VERs may be developed and calculated in compliance with one of several VER standards. These set out rules defining how emission reductions are measured. Standards provide assurance for buyers of VERs. At a minimum, all VERs should be verified by an independent third party.

See also 
CEB VER
Verified Carbon Standard
CDM Gold Standard
Certified Emission Reduction

References

Carbon finance
Eclipse Metro. Metro is a high-performance, extensible, easy-to-use web service stack. Although historically an open-source part of the GlassFish application server, it can also be used in a stand-alone configuration. Components of Metro include: JAXB RI, JAX-WS RI, SAAJ RI, StAX (SJSXP implementation) and WSIT. Originally available under the CDDL and GPLv2 with classpath exception, it is now available under

History 
Originally, the Glassfish project developed two semi-independent projects:
JAX-WS RI, the Reference implementation of the JAX-WS specification
WSIT, a Java implementation of some of the WS-* and an enhanced support for interoperability with the .NET Framework. It is based on JAX-WS RI as "Web Service layer".

In June 2007, it was decided to bundle these two components as a single component named Metro.

Features 
Metro compares well with other web service frameworks in terms of functionality. Codehaus started a comparison which compared Apache Axis 1.x, Axis 2.x, Celtix, Glue, JBossWS, Xfire 1.2 and JAX-WS RI + WSIT (the bundle was not yet named Metro at that time). This was later updated by the ASF to replace Celtix with CXF and to include OracleAS 10g.

Metro includes JAXB RI, JAX-WS RI, SAAJ RI, SJSXP, and WSIT, along with libraries that those components depend on, such as xmlstreambuffer, mimepull, etc.

Its features include:
 Basic Profile 1.1 Compliant
 Easily Create Services from POJOs
 RPC-Encoding
 Spring Support
 REST Support
 Soap 1.1/1.2
 Streaming XML (StAX based)
 WSDL 1.1 ->Code (Client)/(Server)
 Server and Client-side Asynchrony

Supported WS-* Standards

Supported Transport protocols include:
 HTTP
 JMS
 SMTP/POP3
 TCP
 In-VM

Metro augments the JAX-WS environment with advanced features such as trusted, end-to-end security; optimized transport (MTOM, Fast Infoset), reliable messaging, and transactional behavior for SOAP web services.

Market share 
Metro is bundled with Java SE 6 in order to allow consumers of Java SE 6 to consume Web Services.

Metro is bundled with numerous application servers such as:
 GlassFish
 Sun Java System Application Server Platform Edition 9.x
 Oracle WebLogic Server
 JBoss (version 5.x only)
 TmaxSoft JEUS 6.x

The JAXB reference implementation developed for Metro is used in virtually every Java Web Services framework (Apache Axis2, Codehaus XFire, Apache CXF) and Application Servers.

References

External links

 
 Eclipse Metro project as a part of Eclipse Enterprise for Java (EE4J)

Web services
Java enterprise platform
Free software programmed in Java (programming language)
UES. UES may refer to:

 C.D. Universidad de El Salvador, a professional football team representing the University of El Salvador
 Estadio Universitario UES, a multi-use stadium in San Salvador, El Salvador
 FGC UES, the owner and operator of the electricity transmission grid in Russia
 RAO UES, an electric power holding company in Russia
 UES (cipher), a block cipher designed in 1999 by Helena Handschuh and Serge Vaudenay
 User Electronic Signature
 Unified Export Strategy, an application process that US agricultural trade promotion groups use to apply for funding
 Union des Employes de Service, Local 298 v. Bibeault, a Canadian Supreme Court case regarding judicial review in Canadian administrative law
 University of El Salvador, the oldest and one of the most prominent university institutions in El Salvador
 Upper East Side, a neighborhood in the borough of Manhattan in New York City
 Upper Eastside, a neighborhood of the city of Miami, Florida, United States
 Upper esophageal sphincter, the superior portion of the esophagus