omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Wenatchee Valley Museum & Cultural Center. The Wenatchee Valley Museum & Cultural Center (WVMCC) is a museum in Wenatchee, Washington, that houses local and regional history, Native American heritage. One of the artifacts housed is the propeller used in the first trans-Pacific flight.

The museum was founded in 1939 by the Columbia River Archaeological Society. It is housed in two historic buildings, with three floors of displays interpreting life along the Columbia River in Eastern Washington. WVMCC hosts a variety of special events and family programs throughout the year.

Exhibits

Propeller from the first trans-Pacific flight
The museum exhibits the propeller from Miss Veedol, the airplane that made the first nonstop trans-Pacific flight. Pilot Clyde Pangborn and co-pilot Hugh Herndon had dropped the planes wheels and landing gear early in the 1931 flight to maintain flying weight, so Pangborn had to skid-land Miss Veedols American touch-down in the hills of East Wenatchee, and the propeller was damaged during the landing.

Clovis points and other exhibits
Other exhibits include 11,000-year-old Clovis points which were discovered in 1987 in East Wenatchee; petroglyphs recovered prior to the construction of the Rock Island Dam; Native American trade history; a tree fruit exhibit featuring a 1920s-era apple packing line with its unique catapult sizing machine, a model H0 scale train layout portraying three Great Northern Railway routes across the Cascade Mountains from 1892 to the present; Main Street 1910 with a general store, farm shop, house interior, and vintage autos; and a working 1919 Wurlitzer pipe organ.

Programs
Some of the special programs WVMCC presents for children and adults are Super Summer Adventures, geology bus tours, silent movies accompanied by the pipe organ, regional art shows, railroad history field trips, and an annual Environmental Film Festival.

References

External links 
 Museum website

Museums established in 1939
Museums in Chelan County, Washington
History museums in Washington (state)
Art museums and galleries in Washington (state)
Buildings and structures in Wenatchee, Washington
Natural history museums in Washington (state)
Transportation museums in Washington (state)
Archaeological museums in Washington (state)
1939 establishments in Washington (state)
Aerospace museums in Washington (state)
Beneš-Mráz Be-50 Beta-Minor. The Beneš-Mráz Be-50 Beta-Minor was a light airplane manufactured in Czechoslovakia shortly before World War II.

Design and development
First flown in 1935, it was a low-wing cantilever monoplane of wooden construction, with tandem open cockpits and fixed tailwheel undercarriage.  The aircraft proved popular with Czechoslovakia's aeroclubs and was successful in international competitions.  In 1937, the designers created a modernised version, the Be-51, which featured a reduced wingspan and fully enclosed cockpits. A final variant, the Be-52 Beta-Major retained the Be-50's open cockpits but featured improved aerodynamics and a more powerful Walter Major engine.

Operational history
Like other Czechoslovakian aircraft, all available machines were impressed into Air Force service at the outbreak of war. Several Be-51s survived to be used by the Luftwaffe as liaison aircraft and trainers during the occupation.

In 2015, replica of Be-50 started operating. It crashed at airshow in August 2018, killing its pilot.

Variants
Be-50 Beta-MinorTandem open cockpits and  span wings.
Be-51 Beta-Minortandem seats in an enclosed cabin and  span wings.
Be-52 Beta-MajorStrengthened and more powerful two-seat aerobatic trainer, with  span wings.
Be-56 Beta-MajorStrengthened and more powerful single-seat aerobatic trainer, with  span wings.

Operators

Air Force of the Independent State of Croatia

Luftwaffe

Slovak Air Force (1939–45)

Specifications (Be-51 Beta-Minor)

Notes

References

 
 
 Němeček, V. (1968). Československá letadla. Praha: Naše Vojsko.

1930s Czechoslovak sport aircraft
Beta-Minor
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1935
Breda-Zappata BZ.308. The Breda-Zappata B.Z.308 was an Italian four-engined airliner produced by Breda.

Design and development

The B.Z.308 was a four-engined civil transport developed in the late 1940s for operation over both European and transatlantic routes. A large low-wing monoplane of all-metal construction, it was powered by four Bristol Centaurus radial engines driving five-bladed propellers. It had a large tailplane with endplate fins and rudders, and had retractable landing gear. The fuselage, oval in cross-section, accommodated a flight crew of five and 55 passengers in two cabins; a high-density model was planned with seats for 80.

Construction began during 1946, under aircraft designer Filippo Zappata at Breda's Sesto San Giovanni works. The Allied Commission halted the work, which was not resumed until January 1947. Further delays in the delivery of Bristol Centaurus engines delayed the first flight, which was on 27 August 1948, piloted by Mario Stoppani. Although flight testing went well, the project was abandoned as a result of financial problems, anticipated competition from American airliners in the postwar market, and pressure (under the Marshall Plan) to close down Breda's aeronautical section. Breda subsequently stopped producing aircraft entirely.

Operational history
The prototype B.Z.308 was acquired by the Italian Air Force in 1949 as a transport aircraft (MM61802). Despite orders in 1950 from India, Argentina and Persia, only the prototype was built, allegedly also due to pressure from the allies for Italy to refrain from competing in civilian aircraft manufacture after the war.

On 27 August 1948 the Bz 308 made its maiden flight in front of civil and military authorities, politicians and the Italian President. The prototype, which passed to the Italian Air Force in 1950, was used to fly between Rome and Mogadishu until 21 February 1954, when it was damaged beyond repair by a collision with a cement truck, and was abandoned in a field in Somalia before being broken up.

It was also the first Italian transatlantic aircraft, and the first aircraft to fly into the new Malpensa airport in 1948.

The aircraft has a brief appearance in the 1953 movie Roman Holiday

Operators

 Italian Air Force

Specifications (B.Z.308)

See also
 Filippo Zappata

References

Sources

 
 

BZ.308
1940s Italian airliners
1940s Italian military transport aircraft
Four-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1948
Low-wing aircraft
Four-engined piston aircraft
Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear
Samolot. Samolot (full name: Wielkopolska Wytwórnia Samolotów Samolot S.A.) was the Polish aerospace manufacturer, located in Poznań and active between 1924 and 1930. It manufactured among others aircraft under the Bartel name. The name Samolot itself simply means airplane in Polish.

History
The WWS Samolot was created on 11 August 1923 in Poznań, and the factory was opened on 24 April 1924. It was located on Ławica airfield in Poznań. The factory first produced licence copies of the French trainer planes Hanriot H.28 (144 built in 1925-1926) and Hanriot HD.19 (80 built in 1925-1928, as H-19) for the Polish Air Force. It developed an air ambulance variant of H.28 - H.28S (16 were built in 1927-1928).

In 1925 there was developed an own design of sports plane Sp-I (one built). From 1926, Ryszard Bartel led its construction bureau and started to design trainer aircraft for the Polish Air Force. After a single Bartel BM-2, a series of 22 Bartel BM-4 was built in 1928 (it was the first aircraft of the Polish design built in series). In 1928-1929 there was built a series of 60 trainers Bartel BM-5. The last design was a trainer fighter Bartel BM-6, flown in 1930, that remained a prototype.

Apart from designing work of Bartel, several designers built prototypes of their sportsplanes (HL-2, MN-3, MN-5, O-2) or gliders in Samolot factory, but they were not built in series. From 1927 it also produced car bodies on imported chassises, mostly buses, Ford A30 cars and luxury cars.

In 1930, due to a damage by fire (12 September 1929) and lack of orders, the factory Samolot became liquidated. Its machinery was bought by PZL. The Bartel BM-4 development was taken over by the PWS.

Aircraft

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links

 Fabryka "Samolot" 1924-1931 – Infolotnicze
 Wielkopolska Wytwórnia Samolotów S.A. "Samolot" – Samoloty w Lotinctwie Polskim

Aircraft manufacturers of Poland
Beneš-Mráz. inž. P. Beneš a inž. J. Mráz, továrna na letadla was a Czechoslovak aircraft manufacturer of the 1930s.

History
Beneš-Mráz was established at Choceň by Pavel Beneš and Jaroslav Mráz on 1 Apr 1935 and manufactured a series of light aircraft of their own design until the Nazi-German occupation. In 1939/40, the company was renamed Ing. J. Mráz, továrna na letadla - Ing. J. Mráz, Flugzeugfabrik. During the war, the factory was used to produce Fieseler Fi 156 "Storch"s and DFS Kranich training gliders for the German Luftwaffe. Following the war, the company was reconstituted as Ing. J. Mráz, továrna na letadla, národní správa.

Aircraft

See also
 Aero Vodochody
 Avia
 Let Kunovice
 Letov Kbely
 Zlin Aircraft

References

Notes

Bibliography

 Gunston, Bill. World Encyclopedia of Aircraft Manufacturers. Naval Institute press. Annapolis. 
 Taylor, Michael J.H. Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. Studio Editions. London. 1989. 
 Vos, Ruud. Luchtvaart 2010. Uitgeverij de Alk bv. Alkmaar. The Netherlands. 2009.

External links

 Czech Aircraft used by the Germans – German Aviation 1919 - 1945
 Civil Aircraft Register - Czechoslavakia – Golden Years of Aviation
 Inž. P. Beneš a inž. J. Mráz, továrna na letadla Choceň – Vrtulníky v Česku

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the Czech Republic and Czechoslovakia
 
Manufacturing companies established in 1935
1935 establishments in Czechoslovakia
2010 disestablishments in the Czech Republic
Manufacturing companies disestablished in 2010
The Dreadnaught Factor. The Dreadnaught Factor is a scrolling shooter written by Tom Loughry for the Mattel Intellivision and published by Activision in 1983. It is one of several Intellivision games developed at Cheshire Engineering for Activision. Ports to the Atari 8-bit computers and Atari 5200 followed in 1984.

Gameplay
The player flies a small fighter spacecraft to attack a large and heavily armed vessel, a dreadnaught. Each dreadnaught approaches the "Galactic Unstable Energy Field", which acts as a defensive line. The goal is to destroy or disable each dreadnaught before it can reach the Energy Field and launch its missiles to destroy a planet the player is entrusted with defending.

As the game progresses, the player can make repeated passes over the dreadnaught, one fighter at a time, attempting to weaken its defenses, slow its progress, and finally destroy it. The fighter is equipped with lasers and bombs to attack different targets. Bombing the dreadnaught's engines slows its progress, while shooting out its bridges reduces its ability to return fire from any intact gun turrets. In addition, each dreadnaught has five missile silos; if all of these are destroyed, it will be unable to attack the planet once it is in range. The dreadnaught advances toward the planet once the fighter has either flown its entire length or been destroyed.

In order to destroy the dreadnaught, the player has to bomb all of its energy vents, causing the vessel to overheat and explode. As soon as a dreadnaught is destroyed, another one of a different design arrives. There are five types of dreadnaughts, each of which poses its own challenges. The game ends once every dreadnaught or fighter has been destroyed, or if one of them destroys the planet by moving into range with any of its missile silos intact.

The game has difficulty levels from "Basic" and "Novice" to "Expert" and finally, "Impossible" or "You've Got to Be Kidding". The dreadnaughts' speed, rate of fire, and fleet size are increased at higher difficulty levels.

Reception
A December 1983 review in Joystik magazine awarded the game four stars and called it "a sure winner".

References

Activision games
Atari 5200 games
Atari 8-bit computer games
1983 video games
Intellivision games
Vertically scrolling shooters
Video games developed in the United States
American Vacuum Society. AVS: Science and Technology of Materials, Interfaces, and Processing (formerly American Vacuum Society) is a not-for-profit learned society founded in 1953 focused on disciplines related to materials, interfaces, and processing. AVS has approximately 4500 members worldwide from academia, governmental laboratories and industry.

AVS is a member society of the American Institute of Physics.  AVS publishes through the American Institute of Physics the
journals Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology (JVST A and B) and Biointerphases, which are devoted to peer-reviewed articles, and Surface Science Spectra (SSS), which publishes peer-reviewed articles with reference spectra of technological and scientific interest. In 2019  American Institute of Physics and AVS launched jointly a new journal, AVS Quantum Science.

Organization

AVS is composed of 10 technical divisions, two technical groups, 16 regional chapters, two international chapters and one international affiliate:

Advanced Surface Engineering Division
Applied Surface Science Division
Biomaterial Interfaces Division
Electronic Materials/Photonics Division
Magnetic Interfaces and Nanostructures Division
Nanometer-Scale Science and Technology Division
Plasma Science and Technology Division
Surface Science Division
Thin Film Division (TF)
Vacuum Technology Division

AVS Technical Groups Division
Manufacturing Science & Technology Technical Group (MSTG)
MEMS and NEMS Technical Group

Conferences

The AVS International Symposium and Exhibition is AVS's flagship conference. The symposium addresses cutting-edge issues associated
with materials, processing, and interfaces in the research and manufacturing communities. AVS also sponsors a variety of topical conferences, including the International Conference on Atomic Layer Deposition and the North American Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy.

AVS professional awards
 Dorothy Hoffman Award
Medard W. Welch Award
 John A. Thornton Memorial Award & Lecture

AVS graduate student awards
 Russell and Sigurd Varian Award
 Dorothy M. and Earl S. Hoffman Award
 Nellie Yeoh Whetten Award
 Dorothy M. and Earl S. Hoffman Scholarship
 Graduate Research Award (GRA)

References

External links
AVS web site

Archival collections 

 AVS miscellaneous publications, 1980-2015, Niels Bohr Library & Archives
 American Vacuum Society addition to records, 1971-2015, Niels Bohr Library & Archives
 American Vacuum Society records, 1953-2007, Niels Bohr Library & Archives

Organizations established in 1953
Physics organizations
Academic organizations based in the United States
1953 establishments in the United States
Non-profit organizations based in New York (state)
Dudley Blair Menzies. Dudley Blair Menzies (; January 2, 1906 – November 6, 1995) was a Canadian engineer and politician. During his life, he was both an alderman and a city engineer in the City of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

He was born in Scotland and moved to Edmonton at the age of one with his parents.

He graduated from the University of Alberta in 1931 with a bachelor of science degree in engineering.  He also received a master of science degree from Harvard University in 1939.  During his career, he was involved in the building of many bridges and roads in Edmonton.

He was elected to Edmonton City Council in 1971 and served one term from 1971 to 1974.

A dedicated LRT bridge across the North Saskatchewan River, the Dudley B. Menzies Bridge, is named after him.

See also

 Edmonton City Council

References

1906 births
1995 deaths
Harvard University alumni
Edmonton city councillors
British emigrants to Canada
Canadian expatriates in the United States
Helicopter Association International. The Vertical Aviation International (VAI) is a not-for-profit professional trade association of over  member organizations in more than 68 nations. In 2024, Helicopter Association International (HAI) rebranded into Vertical Aviation International.  

Since 1948, VAI has provided its membership with services that directly benefit their operations and advances the civil helicopter industry by providing programs that enhance safety, encourage professionalism and promote the unique contributions made by helicopters to society, according to its mission statement. Their Salute to Excellence awards are issued annually "for outstanding achievements in the international helicopter community".

Every year the VAI arranges the helicopter exhibition VERTICON. In 2024  visitors  explored the booths of 730+ exhibitors.

References

External links 
 www.rotor.com — Helicopter Association International
 Whirly-Girls, International Women Helicopter Pilots, a member organization of HAI

Aviation organizations based in the United States
Organizations established in 1948
Helicopter organizations
Organizations based in Alexandria, Virginia
1948 establishments in the United States
Cam plastometer. The cam plastometer is a physical testing machine. It measures the resistance of non-brittle materials to compressive deformation at constant true-strain rates. In this way, it can be compared a bit to the Gleeble. In the early days, the machine operates at relatively low strain rates, but over time it has been enhanced and currently it can operate over a wide range of strain rates 

The machine is patented under the name of "United States Patent 4109516".

In the machine, deformation compressive forces are applied to a specimen by two flat, opposing platens which impact a flat, rectangular specimen. The deformation forces can be varied during operation, to simulate actual conditions which occur during industrial pressing and forming operations. The plastometer is also capable of torsional testing of specimens". 

The cam plastometers are expensive and there are only a few of them in the world.

References

Mechanical engineering
Measuring instruments
Kilpatrick limit. In particle accelerators, a common mechanism for accelerating a charged particle beam is via copper resonant cavities in which electric and magnetic fields form a standing wave, the mode of which is designed so that the E field points along the axis of the accelerator, producing forward acceleration of the particles when in the correct phase.

The maximum electric field  achievable is limited by a process known as RF breakdown. The reliable limits for various RF frequencies  were tested experimentally in the 1950s by W. D. Kilpatrick.

An approximate relation by least-square optimization of the data yields

 with   (megavolts per metre).

This relation is known as the Kilpatrick Limit.

References 

Accelerator physics
Dichloromethane dehalogenase. Dichloromethane dehalogenase (EC 4.5.1.3; systematic name dichloromethane chloride-lyase (adding H2O; chloride-hydrolysing; formaldehyde-forming)) is a lyase enzyme that generates formaldehyde.

 dichloromethane + H2O = formaldehyde + 2 chloride

Glutathione is required for its activity.

References

External links 
 

EC 4.5
Peco (disambiguation). PECO is a British manufacturer of model railway accessories.

Peco or PECO may also refer to:
 PECO Energy Company, formerly the Philadelphia Electric Company, now a subsidiary of Exelon
 Panay Electric Company (PECO), an electric power distribution company in the Philippines
 peco (unit), the unit of measurement of the dielectric properties of concrete
 Asim Peco, linguist
 Pakistan Engineering Company (PECO), an engineering company in Pakistan
 PECO-InspX, a global manufacturer of Fill Level Monitoring, X-ray Inspection and related industrial systems
 Photoelectrochemical oxidation, a process by which incident light enables a semiconductor material to promote a catalytic oxidation reaction
 Peco (model), Japanese model, television personality, and singer

See also
 Pecos (disambiguation)
 Pecco (disambiguation)
RADiations Effects on Components and Systems. The RADECS association is a non-profit professional organization that promotes basic and applied research in the field of radiation and its effects on materials, components and systems. The acronym RADECS stands for "RADiations Effects on Components and Systems.

History 
The first “Radiation and its Effects on Components and Systems" (RADECS) conference was held in Montpellier, France in 1989 as a French national conference. In 1991, the members of the organizing committee expanded the scope of RADECS to become a European conference. Since then, the RADECS Conference and RADECS Workshop have run in alternate years.

The activities of the RADECS association are as follows:
 RADECS biannual European Conference
 Biannual Technical Workshop
 Promote research activities on radiation effects due to charged, un-charged particles and ionizing radiation
 Scientific publications or promotion of scientific publications
 Cooperation and exchange with other organizations (e.g. IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society)

RADECS conferences 

The RADECS conference and workshops address technical issues related to radiation effects on devices, integrated circuits, sensors, and systems, as well as radiation hardening, testing, and environmental modeling methods.  Papers from the events are published in a biennial issue of the IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science journal.

References

External links 

EASii IC – Company for RADECS website

International professional associations
Radiation Effects
Nuclear organizations
Radiation Effects
International organizations based in France
Professional associations based in France
Organizations based in Montpellier
Class 02. Class 02 may refer to:

British Rail Class 02, a class of post-war, British diesel-hydraulic locomotive designed for shunting duties
DRG Class 02, a class of German, standard steam locomotive with a four-cylinder compound configuration
LSWR O2 Class, a class of sixty nineteenth century steam locomotives designed by William Adams for suburban passenger services on the London and South Western Railway

See also
 Class II (disambiguation)
 Class 2 (disambiguation)
Class 9. Class 9, Class 09 and Class IX may refer to:
 BR Standard Class 9F, a steam locomotive class of the United Kingdom
 BR Standard Class 9F 92020-9
 British Rail Class 09, a diesel locomotive class of the United Kingdom
 Eurotunnel Class 9, an electric class locomotive
 G&SWR 9 Class
 GCR Class 9A
 GCR Class 9D
 GCR Class 9F, a steam locomotive class of the United Kingdom
 GCR Class 9J
 GCR Class 9K
 GCR Class 9N, a steam locomotive class of the United Kingdom
 GCR Class 9Q
 GCR Class 9P
 GNR Class J9
 HAZMAT Class 9 Miscellaneous, a category of hazardous material
 I-9-class submarine
 Indian locomotive class WAG-9
 LSWR F9 class
 LSWR T9 class
 MGWR Class 9
 NSB Class 9, a standard-gauge steam locomotive class of Norway
 NSB Class IX, a narrow-gauge steam locomotive class of Norway
 NSB El 9, an electric locomotive class of Norway
 O 9-class submarine
 PGM-9-class motor gunboat
 Prussian T 9
 Southern Pacific class AC-9
 Class IX (U.S. Army), Repair parts and components, including kits, assemblies and subassemblies, repairable and unrepairable, required for maintenance support of all equipment 

     class 9 is new chapter of life