omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Tux Droid. Tux Droid is a wireless robotic penguin figure based on the Linux mascot, Tux, released around 2007. It was manufactured by a company named KYSOH.

Description 
The Tux Droid measures 210mm × 180mm × 140mm with lowered wings. It supports Linux kernel 2.4 or later and needs an 800 MHz CPU and 128 MB RAM. Communication from Tux Droid to the computer is via signaling operating in the 802.11 WLAN band, but not compatible with Wi-Fi. The Tux Droid receives signals from a plastic fish-shaped USB receiver. An infrared remote control is supplied; signals from this are received by Tux Droid and sent to the host software over the wireless link. It needs an internet connection for media detection. The mascot is driven by Atmel AVR RISC microcontrollers. The Tux Droid only supports Linux computers.

Functions 
The Tux Droid can spin around, flap its wings, and light up its eyes. It came with bundled open source software to customize its functionality. It can announce events by its gestures such as dancing, flapping, and spinning, and by ALSA driven sound. The events are detected by specific gadgets, which are handled by the Tux Gadget Manager.

Reception 
The Tux Droid received positive reviews for its functionality, the open source software, and its humor and novelty value. Some reviewers did note the high asking price at the time, at £89.95, and that the software only worked on Linux.

See also
Speech synthesis
List of computing mascots

References

External links 

 https://www.tuxdroids.com/
 Original Homepage (archived) 

Linux
Free software culture and documents
Virtual pets
Pets
Entertainment robots
Open-source robots
2007 robots
FBus. Fbus (for "Fast Bus") is an ANSI/IEEE data bus protocol oriented towards backplanes and cell phones. The standard specifies a way for various pieces of electronic hardware to communicate, typically with one piece acting as master (sending a request), and another acting as a slave (returning an answer). The FBus is a bi-directional full-duplex serial type bus running at 115,200 bit/s, 8 data bits, no parity, one stop bit (8N1). Much like a standard RS-232 serial port, FBus connections use one pin for data transmit, one pin for data receive and one pin for ground.

The Fast Bus standard specifies completely the size, power requirements, signalling levels, and communications protocols for boards that live in a Fast Bus crate, which is also a part of the specification.

Fbus was developed by Nokia as an improved replacement of the Mbus, which is only half-duplex and transfers at a slower speed of 9600 bit/s.

Interfacing with a cell phone
The Fast Bus connection on a cell phone can be interfaced with an RS-232 serial port by building a custom cable.

References 

Computer buses
Nokia
Energetic Materials Research and Testing Center. The Energetic Materials Research and Testing Center (EMRTC) is a research division of New Mexico Tech, which performs testing of high explosives, bombs, and other munitions, as well as the means to deliver such munitions. It also offers courses for emergency responders in bomb response. EMRTC's offices are in Socorro, New Mexico. The  field testing and training areas are located west of town in Socorro County and they have an anti-terrorist training site in Playas, New Mexico, in Hidalgo County.

History
EMRTC was founded in 1946 by E.J. Workman, who moved the center to New Mexico Tech (then called the New Mexico School of Mines) from the New Mexico Experimental Range in Albuquerque, New Mexico. EMRTC was granted access to public land for their testing; the land is near "M Mountain" in Socorro, New Mexico. EMRTC also provides training to US and "friendly foreign governments" in counter-terrorism and explosive handling.

Citizen concerns 
A few citizens of Socorro, New Mexico have mixed feelings about the presence of EMRTC.

On the one hand, businesses appreciate the high wage jobs associated with the institute as well as the out of town visitors that it brings in for training, many of whom stay for days or weeks at a time and infuse the local economy with their purchases.

On the other hand, many local residents who do not own businesses express frustration with the noise problems associated with testing explosives and bombs. In fact, EMRTC is known by many townspeople of Socorro as "the guys who rattle their windows" almost daily. The explosions typically occur in the late morning or early and mid-afternoon and can be heard - and felt - all over town.
 
EMRTC has recently been embroiled in controversy for a proposed "drop zone" which will involve training aircraft in dropping cargo, personnel, and eventually air-to-ground gunnery. This has been a heated topic at recent Socorro city council meetings, with many residents opposed but a vocal minority strongly supporting it. Proponents of the proposed drop zone suggest it will not impact Socorro residents negatively and will help the US military in essential training missions. Opponents of the proposed drop zone complain that the noise impacts may affect city and county residents and that the training site is not needed by the U.S. Air Force, which has other nearby drop zones available for training.

Notes

External links
 Official EMRTC webpage

Materials testing
Weapons test sites
1946 establishments in New Mexico
Rutt/Etra Video Synthesizer. The Rutt/Etra Video Synthesizer is an analog raster manipulation device for image processing and real-time animation. The Rutt/Etra was co-invented by Steve Rutt and Bill Etra.

See also
Scanimate – a similar device

References

External links
Audio Vizualizers page on Rutt / Etra Video Synthesizer 

Image processing
Ryobi. Ryobi Limited (    ; , ) is a Japanese manufacturer of components for automobiles, electronics, and telecommunications industries. It also sells printing equipment, power tools, and builders' hardware.  Ryobi Power Tools and Ryobi Outdoor Power Equipment are brands of Techtronic Industries, used under license from Ryobi Limited.

History
The Ryobi Seisakusho Co., Ltd., was founded in Japan in 1943 and began selling die-cast products in 1944. In 1961, the company began manufacturing offset printing presses and was listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange. Ryobi began production of power tools in 1968. The company's name changed in 1973 to Ryobi, Ltd.

Ryobi operates 12 manufacturing facilities across six countries.  In 1985, Ryobi launched die casting production in Shelbyville, Indiana, its only manufacturing location in the United States. Ryobi signed an official partnership deal with German football team Hertha Berlin in 2014. In 1991, Ryobi launched production in Carrickfergus, Northern Ireland.

Techtronic Industries (TTI) acquired Ryobi Limited's North American power tools business in August 2000.
In August 2001 TTI acquired Ryobi's European power tools business and in March 2002 TTI acquired two subsidiaries of Ryobi Limited, Ryobi Australia Pty. and Ryobi New Zealand Limited.

In 2018, Ryobi transferred the rest of power tools business (Japan, Asia, Latin America, Middle East and Africa markets) to the Kyocera Group.

U.S. operations
Ryobi Die Casting (USA), Inc., is a Shelbyville, Indiana, manufacturer of products for the automobile industry.

Ryobi Finance Corp. is a financial-operations company of the Ryobi Group located in Chicago, Illinois.

References

External links

 Official website

Manufacturing companies of Japan
Printing press manufacturers
Power tool manufacturers
Companies listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange
Companies based in Hiroshima Prefecture
Japanese companies established in 1943
Manufacturing companies established in 1943
Japanese brands
The Home Depot
Multinational companies headquartered in Japan
Tool manufacturing companies of Japan
Binding coefficient. In medicinal chemistry and pharmacology, a binding coefficient is a quantity representing the extent to which a chemical compound will bind to a macromolecule. The preferential binding coefficient can be derived from the Kirkwood-Buff solution theory of solutions. Preferential binding is defined as a thermodynamic expression that describes the binding of the cosolvent over the solvent. This is in a system that is open to both the solvent and cosolvent.  Consequently, preferential interaction coefficients are measures of interactions that involve “solutes that participate in a reaction in solution.”

See also 
 Binding constant
 Partition coefficient
 Binding affinity

References 

Medicinal chemistry
OneMine. OneMine is non-profit entity and searchable online global mining and minerals library.

History 
OneMine is a non-profit entity governed by a steering committee whose members are nominated and serve for a term of three calendar years. It was launched as a collaborative effort between professional societies in the mining and minerals related fields to promote access to technical articles, periodicals, books, and other published work as research source for engineers in related disciplines. OneMine is a searchable online global mining and minerals library. OneMine currently contains more than 117,000 articles, technical papers, and other documents from mining societies around the world. Professional societies and associations in the mining, metallurgical, and tunneling communities may have their technical papers, journals, periodicals, and other published works considered for inclusion in the OneMine library.

Contents 
OneMine contains over 130 years of peer-reviewed works from professional societies including:
 AIME – The American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers
 AusIMM – The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy
 CIM - The Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum
 DFI – Deep Foundations Institute
 IMMS – International Marine Minerals Society
 IIMP - Instituto de Ingenieros de Minas del Peru
 NIOSH – National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
 SAIMM – The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy
 SME – Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration
 TMS – The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society

Among the published works accessible in OneMine are:
 Mining Engineering Magazine peer-reviewed technical papers
 SME Transactions – an annual publication of peer-reviewed technical papers by the SME
 Tunneling and Underground Construction – a monthly periodical
 SME Annual Meeting Proceedings
 Technical papers by the AIME, AusIMM, CIM, DFI, IMMS, IIMP, NIOSH, SAIMM, SME and TMS.
 Proceedings from several years of International Mineral Processing Congress

References

Works about mining
Online databases
Malmö Flygindustri. Malmö Flygindustri was a small aviation and car company in south Sweden which specialized in small single-propeller aircraft and various plastic objects. It was later acquired by SAAB.

Products
Aircraft
 MFI-9
 MFI-10 Vipan
 BA-12 Sländan
 BA-14 Starling
 Saab Safari

Automobiles
 Saab Sonett

References

Aircraft manufacturers of Sweden
Chen Shiyi. Chen Shiyi (; born 1956) is a Chinese mechanical engineer and physicist. He was the President of South University of Science and Technology from 2015 to 2020.

Previously, he was the Alonzo G. Decker Jr. Chair in Engineering and Science, the Department Chair of Mechanical Engineering and Professor at both Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, and Department of Physics and Astronomy of Johns Hopkins University. He was also the Dean of the College of Engineering and the Director of the Center for Computational Science & Engineering, Peking University.

Career
Chen studied mechanics at Zhejiang University (B.Sc.) from January 1978 to January 1982. He did his postgraduate study (M.Sc., PhD) at Peking University.

He was a post-doctoral fellow at Los Alamos National Laboratory USA from June 1987 to February 1990. From February 1990 to December 1990, he was a research scientist at the Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware. From May 1990 till December 1993, he was a visiting faculty in the Department of Mathematics, Colorado State University. From December 1990 - November 1992, he was an Oppenheimer Fellow at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. November 1992 - September 1994, he was a research staff and group leader in the same lab. September 1994 - January 2000, he was a research staff member at the IBM Research Division. Then he started his career at the Johns Hopkins University. July 1997 - January 2000, he was also the deputy director of the Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory. From 2005 to 2011, he became Dean of Engineering at Peking University, China. From 2013 to 2015, he became VP for Research at Peking University. In 2015, he joined SUSTech, China, as university President.

Chen conducted research in lattice gas methods in which he created important analysis approaches and led engineering applications. He also made contributions to high-performance computing. He did fundamental studies in the theory of turbulence. For these reasons, he was elected as a fellow of American Physical Society (1995) and Institute of Physics (2004).

He was elected to member of Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2013.

References

External links

1956 births
Living people
Chinese expatriates in the United States
Chinese mechanical engineers
Colorado State University faculty
Educators from Taizhou, Zhejiang
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Fellows of the Institute of Physics
Johns Hopkins University faculty
Members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Peking University alumni
Academic staff of Peking University
Physicists from Zhejiang
Zhejiang University alumni
Presidents of Southern University of Science and Technology
Westlake University
Chaplygin problem. In mathematics, particularly in the fields of nonlinear dynamics and the calculus of variations, the Chaplygin problem is an isoperimetric problem with a differential constraint.  Specifically, the problem is to determine what flight path an airplane in a constant wind field should take in order to encircle the maximum possible area in a given amount of time.  The airplane is assumed to be constrained to move in a plane, moving at a constant airspeed v, for time T, and the wind is assumed to move in a constant direction with speed w.

The solution of the problem is that the airplane should travel in an ellipse whose major axis is perpendicular to w, with eccentricity w/v.

References

See also 
 Isoperimetric inequality : zero wind speed case
Calculus of variations
Fordite. Fordite, also known as Detroit agate, Motor City agate, paint rock, or paint slag, is a lapidarist term for polished pieces of finely layered paint masses from automobile factories. The masses consist of automotive paint which has hardened sufficiently to be cut and polished. It was formed from the buildup of layers of enamel paint slag on tracks and skids on which cars were painted with acrylic lacquer, which have been baked numerous times. In recent times the material has been upcycled into jewelry.

Some sources classify fordite as a mineral. Fordite is notable for the way it displays "the history of the American automotive industry," both to illustrate the changing colors of car paint as well as the transformation and disappearance of the Ford Motor Company factories in Detroit.

History 
According to the Ford Motor Company, fordite has been around since the 1920s.

Gems & Gemology claims fordite "was first collected at Ford Motor Company in Michigan in the 1940s." The colors were initially dark and muted neutrals, though they still consisted of swirling patterns. 

The colorful acrylic lacquers of the 1950s and 1960s caused fordite to appear "in bright metallic colors." The 1960s and 1970s allowed for the "boldest hues" as there was rising demand for more colorful vehicles during those decades.

In recent years, the advent of the electrostatic spray painting process has replaced acrylic lacquer painting. The electrostatic process "magnetizes the enamels to the car bodies," reducing or eradicating overspray.

Composition 
Fordite is made of hardened enamel paints. Many of these paints contain lead. This has led to restrictions on selling fordite jewelry in states such as California which have strict regulations on toxic substances.

Gallery

See also 

 Trinitite
 Corium (nuclear reactor)
 Calthemite

References

Further reading
 Tao Hsu and Andrew Lucas, 'Fordite from the Corvette Assembly Plant', Gems & Gemology, 52.1 (Spring 2016)

External links

Jewellery components
Culture of Detroit
Paint recycling
Glider (automobiles). In the United States, with regard to automobiles, a glider is a vehicle without a powertrain (especially without an engine). Gliders are generally sold as unused car bodies, but a second-hand car may also be stripped of its powertrain and sold as a glider. The purpose of such a vehicle is to be used as a base for a non-standard powertrain, to create a novel variation of a conventional vehicle, custom car, exotic vehicle, or homemade electric vehicle conversion. The term is analogous to an aircraft with no engine being a glider.

Glider kit
A glider kit is a term for a kit used to restore or reconstruct a wrecked or dismantled truck or tractor unit. All glider kits include a frame, front axle, and body (cab). The kit may also contain other optional components.

A motor vehicle constructed from a glider kit is titled as a new vehicle in the United States. An exception to this is the state of Georgia where, when issued, for a tractor cab restored with a glider kit will always be branded "Rebuilt".

Glider truck
A glider truck is manufactured in the United States using a new frame from an original equipment manufacturer and a glider kit. A "pre-emissions" engine which does not meet current EPA emissions standards for a new tractor trailer may be installed. The required exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) technology is replaced by an older engine which doesn't have it, called a "pre-EGR engine."

Production of heavy duty glider trucks was estimated to be 10,000 in 2015, 4% of all sales. An Obama-era limit on production of 300 units yearly was lifted by the Trump administration. This change by the EPA was widely condemned by environmental groups and was withdrawn by Scott Pruitt's interim replacement facing the prospect of a likely loss in court.

Used glider
One can obtain a glider by modifying a used car. Parts removed from the vehicle include:

A/C & A/C condenser
Air intake/cleaner
Alternator
Battery
Brakes/Master cylinder
Clutch
Computer(s)
Engine
Flywheel
Gas tank, with fuel pipe and pumps and sensors
Heat panels
Heater core
Ignition
Mount brackets
Muffler system
Power steering
Radiator
Radiator fan
Radiator reservoirs
Radio
Spare tire
Starter
Suspension
Transmission
Warning lights and gauges
Wiper fluid reservoir
Wire

See also
Electric vehicle conversion
Kit car
Rolling chassis

References

Modified vehicles
Martin De Prycker. Martin De Prycker (b. Sint-Niklaas, 16 January 1955) is a Belgian engineer and businessman. He was until December 2008 the CEO of Barco, a Belgian display hardware manufacturer. He is CEO of Caliopa, a spin-off of Ghent University and IMEC and is managing partner at Qbic fund.

Education
He graduated as a MSc in electrical engineering (1979) and holds a PhD in computer sciences (1982) from Ghent University. In addition, he obtained an MBA at the University of Antwerp in 1992.

Career
He started his career at Alcatel in 1982, at that time ITT. During his career at Alcatel, he held various key positions in Alcatel's research center in Antwerp. In 1985, he started research on ATM, which resulted in a first world prototype in Telecom Geneva in 1991. In 1996, as head of the Access Business Unit, he led Alcatel's ADSL virtual company for the development of ADSL. In 2000, he became Chief Technology Officer (CTO) and a member of the executive committee of Alcatel in Paris. In February 2002, he became the CEO of Barco, where he succeeded Hugo Vandamme.

De Prycker was teaching at Boston University from 1988 to 1992 and at Ghent University from 1994 to 1999.

He is a member of the board of Agoria and of VOKA. He is a member of the committee  of the Flemish Council for Science Policy and of the board of advice of the GIMV.

Bibliography
 Martin De Prycker, Asynchronous Transfer Mode: Solution for the Broadband ISDN, Prentice Hall PTR; 3Rev Ed edition (23 August 1995),

Sources

 Martin De Prycker wordt nieuwe CEO van BARCO (press release)
 Martin De Prycker wordt nieuwe CEO van BARCO 

1955 births
Living people
Belgian businesspeople
Ghent University alumni
People from Sint-Niklaas
Alfred Mylne. Alfred Mylne (1872–1951) was a Scottish yacht designer, born in Glasgow. He founded A Mylne & Co. in 1896.

Work 
Alfred Mylne was apprenticed to the Scottish shipbuilders Napier, Shanks and Bell, and went on to work as a draftsman and apprentice to George Lennox Watson. Watson was the designer of the Royal Yacht HMY Britannia, the racing cutter first owned by Edward, Prince of Wales.

Mylne set up his own office in 1896. In 1906, Mylne was involved in establishing the International Metre Rule, a yacht-racing handicap rule. Mylne designed a number of race-winning boats, including the 19-metre class cutter Octavia in 1911. Four 15-metre class yachts and the early 12-metre class Cyra are listed as built to his designs, as well as the 8 metre Raven.

Boat designer Uffa Fox was a close friend of Mylne, and the latter appears regularly in the books Fox wrote before the Second World War. When Sir William Burton had his 12-metre class yacht, Marina, designed, this was reviewed in Uffa Fox's Second Book (1935).

"The mast of Marina, the 12-metre Alfred Mylne designed for Sir William Burton in 1935, was called upon to endure some very heavy strains before the racing season started, for on her passage from the Clyde to the South round the "Land" she met very bad weather... Though designed as a light-weather "12", Marina proved herself an able and seaworthy vessel, and came through that gale without damage to herself or her crew."

Mylne was joined in his office by Thomas Glen-Coats, and in 1908 Mylne and his apprentice Glen-Coats competed in the 12-metre class sailing event of the 1908 Summer Olympics, in the yachts Mouchette and Hera respectively. This was the only Olympic event ever to be held in Scotland (prior to 2012), and Hera won the gold medal.

During the First World War, the Bute Slip Dock Co (Mylne's yard at Ardmaleish point on the Island of Bute) produced hulls and components for Felixstowe F.3 and Felixstowe F.5 flying boats, as well as other Naval work. This introduced the company to new methods of construction and experience with new materials that were later adopted for use in Mylne's post war yacht designs.

The 41 ft Bermudan Cutter Medea (Ex Vladimir), see above photo, was designed by A Mylne in 1903 and built by Alexander Robertson & Sons in 1904.  The yacht was subsequently bought by A Mylne in 1930, modified extensively, and stayed in the Mylne family for over 30 years.

Alfred Mylne II succeeded his uncle as the senior partner in the business in 1945. He was joined by Ian Nicolson as a partner in 1959. A.Mylne & Co continues to trade as an independent yacht design company Mylne Yacht Design, and is managed within the portfolio of Marine Design International Ltd.

Notes

References

External links
Website of A. Mylne & Co

1872 births
1951 deaths
Scottish male sailors (sport)
British yacht designers
Businesspeople from Glasgow
Incongruent transition. Incongruent transition, in chemistry, is a mass transition between two phases which involves a change in chemical composition.  This is contrasted with congruent transition, for which the composition remains the same. 

The transition may be that of melting, vaporization or allotropism. The concept is also often extended to related phenomena, for example, incongruent dissolution of a solid by a liquid solvent, which is often encountered in geology.

The term "phase decomposition" is sometimes used to describe incongruent transition. However, it has to be kept in mind that incongruent transition is described by an equilibrium.

For an example, see incongruent melting.

References

 

Physical chemistry