omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Ninja-IDE. NINJA-IDE (from the recursive acronym: "Ninja-IDE Is Not Just Another IDE"), is a cross-platform integrated development environment (IDE) designed to build Python applications.

It provides tools to simplify Python software development and handles many kinds of situations thanks to its rich extensibility.

Features 
Some of the current features of the IDE are:
 Light weight IDE
 Common functions such as: file handling, find in files code locator, go to line, tabs, automatic indentation, editor zoom, etc.
 Multi-platform: Linux, Windows, FreeBSD.
 Syntax highlighting for a wide variety of languages. Even though it is intended to be mainly a Python IDE, it can also handle several other languages.
 Static and PEP 8 error highlighting.
 Show tips to help migrate code from Python2 to Python3.
 Embedded Python console.
 Project management, allowing to add, modify and delete files and folders to projects, creating automatically the "__init__.py" files inside each module, etc.
 Allows showing/hiding the panels of the interface in a very simple way to fit each programmer's preferences.
 Completely configurable UI.
 Allows using more than one editor at once.
 An extensible plug-in system, which creation the IDE supports.
 Session handling: remembers opened files and projects after closing the IDE.
 Code Auto-completion.
 Code Locator: Lets you jump to any code in your project with just a few keystrokes.

Versions names 
NINJA-IDE always takes its version name based on the name of a weapon.

Previous Versions:
 2.x: Shuriken
 1.x: Kunai

Some available plugins 
Many plugins are being developed, mostly with the help of the Community.
A complete list of Plugins can be found here:
 NINJA-IDE Plugins

See also 

 Comparison of integrated development environments for Python

References

External links 

 
 Python IDE Wiki
 Python IDE (PyAr)
 Linux Magazine: Do Python coding with NINJA-IDE
 NINJA-IDE a powerful IDE for developing Python Apps
 NINJA-IDE, el ide que me atrapo 
 NINJA-IDE, un IDE pensado para Python 

Free integrated development environments
Free integrated development environments for Python
Free software programmed in Python
Python (programming language) software
Jason Da Costa. Jason Da Costa is an English autodidact in the art and science of the aeroplane and  flight simulation  technology. His work in adapting computer based flight simulation technology with complete replication of airliner cockpits has attained industry recognition.

Da Costa's aviation endeavours include aerospace technology coursework, flight phobia solutions, lower cost flight simulation design and function.

References

British aerospace engineers
Living people
1970 births
People educated at Latymer Upper School
Competence (geology). In geology, competence refers to the degree of resistance of rocks to deformation or flow. In mining, 'competent rocks' are those in which an unsupported opening can be made. More competent rock weathers slower than less competent rock.

Characteristics

Competent rocks are more commonly exposed at outcrops as they tend to form upland areas and high cliffs, or headlands where present on a coastline. Incompetent rocks tend to form lowlands and are often poorly exposed at the surface. During deformation, competent beds tend to deform elastically by either buckling, or faulting and fracturing. Incompetent beds tend to deform more plastically, although it is the competence contrast between different rocks that is most important in determining the types of structure that are formed. The relative competence of rocks may change with temperature, such as in metamorphosed limestones, which are relatively competent at low metamorphic grade, but become highly incompetent at high metamorphic grade.

Most sedimentary and volcanic sequences show layering between different lithologies. When affected by deformation, the response of the sequence depends on the competence of the various layers.

Crystal plasticity becomes more important as the temperature increases, and the relative deformability of individual minerals controls the competence of particular rock units.

References

Structural geology
Monty Newborn. Monroe "Monty" Newborn (born May 21, 1938), former chairman of the Computer Chess Committee of the Association for Computing Machinery, is a professor emeritus of computer science at McGill University in Montreal (formerly professor of electrical engineering at Columbia University). He briefly served as president of the International Computer Chess Association and  co-wrote a computer chess program named Ostrich In the 1970's.

Biography 
Monty Newborn received his Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from The Ohio State University in 1967.
He was an assistant professor and associate professor at Columbia University in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science from 1967 to 1975. In 1975, he joined the School of Computer Science at McGill University and has been with the School since then, serving as its director from 1976 to 1983. He was the chairman of the ACM Computer Chess Committee since the early 1980s. His chess program, Ostrich, competed in five world championships dating back to 1974. He served as president of the International Computer Chess Association from 1983 to 1986. He retired from the faculty of McGill University in 2008.

A notable quote by Newborn on the science of chess AI programming occurred in 2006: “I don’t know what one could get out of it at this point. The science is done,” Monty Newborn, Dec. 2006 in reference to world champion Vladimir Kramnik’s loss to Deep Fritz, 4-2, and the prospect of further human-computer matches. Newborn was belatedly correct; as of 2021, that was the last serious attempt by a world class player to defeat a top chess machine/program.

Bibliography 
Beyond Deep Blue: Chess in the Stratosphere. Springer-Verlag, 2011
Deep Blue: An Artificial Intelligence Milestone. Springer-Verlag, 2003
Automated Theorem Proving: Theory and Practice. Springer-Verlag, 2001
Deep Blue: Computer Chess Comes of Age. Springer-Verlag, 1997
How Computers Play Chess. with D. Levy, WH. Freeman, NY, 1991
All About Chess and Computers. with D. Levy, Computer Sci Press, Potomac, MD, 1982
More Chess and Computers. with D. Levy, Computer Sci Press, Potomac, MD, 1980
Computer Chess. Academic Press, NY, 1975

References

External links 
 Official site
 

Living people
1938 births
Ohio State University College of Engineering alumni
Academic staff of McGill University
Columbia University faculty
Computer programmers
Computer chess people
1994 fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Cameron Earl. Cameron Charles Earl (8 May 1923 – 18 June 1952) was a British automotive engineer.

Early life
Earl was born in Yorkshire in 1923.

German research
Earl was sent to Germany after the Second World War by the British Intelligence Objectives Sub-Committee to study the development of 1930s Grand Prix racing cars, and wrote an influential report about them. This report aided British engine designers by presenting them with secrets of German design, based on Earl's interviews with designers at Mercedes-Benz and Auto Union in April and May 1947, and blueprints he obtained.

Death
Earl was a technical consultant for the English Racing Automobiles team, when, on 18 June 1952 during a test drive of racing car R14B at the Motor Industry Research Association's (MIRA) test track in Nuneaton, Warwickshire, his car overturned. Earl, aged 29, died in hospital from a fractured skull.

References

British automotive engineers
1923 births
1952 deaths
Engineers from Kingston upon Hull
Engineers from Yorkshire
Powell v. Home Depot USA, Inc.. Powell v. The Home Depot USA, Inc., 663 F.3d 1221 (Fed. Cir. 2011), was a decision by the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit on the issue of patent infringement on a "safe hands" device that Michael Powell, an independent contractor for Home Depot, created in response to injuries to the hands of associates using in-store radial arm saws.  Powell invented and patented a device that eliminated the risk of injury. The Home Depot refused to pay Powell for the device and began installing the safety device on its saws without permission. In 2007, Powell sued The Home Depot for patent infringement. After a jury trial in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida, Powell was awarded damages totaling $20.8 million.

Case
The lawsuit said that The Home Depot alerted Powell of a safety issue with the saw that was causing injuries. Powell, who had been a 20-year independent contractor with the company, came up with the solution, a "Safe Hands" device, to protect Home Depot's employees. After a dispute about pricing, The Home Depot showed Safe Hands to another supplier and asked them to copy it.  This device was installed in more than 2,000 Home Depot stores nationwide.

A key piece of evidence in the case was a photo of a former Home Depot executive carrying tape measures, pencils and pads and examining one of Powell's prototypes that had been installed at a Georgia store.

In 2007, Powell sued The Home Depot for patent infringement. At a jury trial in Federal Court in West Palm Beach, Florida Powell was represented by Tripp Scott, P.A. attorneys Peter Herman and Alexander Brown and by Mayback & Hoffman, P.A. attorneys Gregory L. Mayback, Catherine F. Hoffman, and Scott D. Smiley.

Decision
The jury returned a verdict in favor of Powell and awarded him $15 million. The jury also found that The Home Depot's infringement was willful, which allowed the judge to augment the damages award to an additional $5.8 million, plus prejudgment interest accruing since May 16, 2006 – the date Powell's patent issued. The total damages awarded were over $24.5 million.

In 2011, Home Depot appealed the decision to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, challenging the district court's denial of its renewed motion for judgment as a matter of law on the issues  of infringement, willfulness, and damages. They also challenged the district court's claim construction, inequitable conduct, and attorney fees determinations. The appellate court found no inequitable conduct and insufficiently egregious misconduct on the part of Powell's attorney.

References

External links 
 

The Home Depot
United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit cases
United States patent case law
2011 in United States case law
Deep Blue C. Deep Blue C is a C programming language compiler for Atari 8-bit computers distributed by the Atari Program Exchange (APX).

Description
Deep Blue C is based on Ron Cain's public domain Small-C compiler, a subset of the C programming language, modified by John Howard Palevich to run on Atari 8-bit hardware. Palevich also wrote Dandy for APX. The syntax supported by Deep Blue C is close to that of ANSI C with significant limitations. The compiler creates Intel 8080 binary code which is executed by an 8080 virtual machine as p-code.

The user must supply a source code editor, but included libraries provide  and other I/O routines and video graphics, including player/missile graphics. The source code to the compiler was sold separately by APX as Deep Blue Secrets.

Limitations
As a proper subset of V7 Unix C, Deep Blue C code that does not use Atari 8-bit features can be compiled on other systems with the full language. The following language constructs are not supported:

 structs
 unions
 multidimensional arrays
 floating point numbers
 sizeof operator
 type casting
 functions returning types other than integer

Other non-standard properties of Deep Blue C:

 The last part of switch clause must end with: break, continue, or return.
 The maximum length of a source code line has to be less than 80 characters.
 The number of arguments for functions cannot exceed 126.
 $( and $) are used instead of { and }, because the Atari keyboard and standard character set does not include braces.

The p-code that the compiler produces is slower than native binary. It is smaller than binary, however, and faster than Atari BASIC.

Reception
Antic thought that Deep Blue C's use of p-code was acceptable given Atari's hardware limitations. The magazine praised Palevich for publishing the source code, and recommended purchasing it with the compiler for study and customization alongside The C Programming Language.

Sample program
This program prints "Hello World!":

  main()
  $(
    printf("Hello World!");
  $)

References

C (programming language) compilers
Atari 8-bit computer software
Atari Program Exchange software
Robert W. Newcomb. Robert W. Newcomb is a professor of electrical engineering at the University of Maryland, College Park. He obtained a BSEE degree from Purdue University in 1955, an MS from Stanford University in 1957, and his Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from the University of California at Berkeley in 1960. He was a professor in the electrical engineering department at Stanford University through 1968, and from 1969 onward has been a professor in the electrical engineering department at the University of Maryland at College Park. He has graduated over 70 Ph.D. students from both Stanford and the University of Maryland, including Brian D. O. Anderson.

He currently directs the Microsystems Laboratory at the University of Maryland.

His work during his career has spanned a variety of subdisciplines in electrical engineering, and has produced the following:
 The design and fabrication of the first MEMS micromotor in the 1960s
 Several books on VLSI, control, and circuit theory
 The extension of Maxwell's equations into n-dimensions
 Conceptualization of the Soliton, the P-Adic, and the Fibonacci computers
 n-port synthesis techniques for analog and DSP systems
 VLSI implementation of biologically realistic neural components
 Theory of curve tracing and knot tying robots

He is both a Life Fellow of IEEE and a Fellow of AIMBE. His recognition being the recipient of the IEEE CAS Society Golden Jubilee Medal award and the first recipient of the IEEE CAS Society Education award.

References

External links 
 Microsystems Laboratory Page

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
American electrical engineers
University of Maryland, College Park faculty
Purdue University College of Engineering alumni
Stanford University alumni
UC Berkeley College of Engineering alumni
Stanford University School of Engineering faculty
Fellows of the IEEE
Fellows of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering
X-35 (yacht). The X-35 was designed by X-Yachts Design Team led by Niels Jeppesen and first launched in 2006. The class is recognised by the International Sailing Federation.

Events

World Championships

References

External links
 Official X-35 Class Association Website
 Official X-Yachts Website
  World Sailing X35 Microsite Website

Classes of World Sailing
Sailing yachts
2000s sailboat type designs
Sailboat type designs by Niels Jeppesen
Sailboat types built by X-Yachts
X-41 (yacht). The X-41 was designed by X-Yachts Design Team led by Niels Jeppesen and first launched in 2007 to follow on from the X-35. The class is recognised by the International Sailing Federation.

Events

World Championships

References

External links
 Official X-41 Class Association Website
 Official X-Yachts Website
  World Sailing X-41 Microsite Website

Classes of World Sailing
Sailing yachts
2000s sailboat type designs
Sailboat type designs by Niels Jeppesen
Sailboat types built by X-Yachts
Modular Debugger. The modular debugger (mdb) is an extensible, low-level debugger developed by Sun Microsystems for the Solaris 7 operating system. It is now open sourced, under the Common Development and Distribution License (CDDL).

Its source code is now available in all open source derivatives of Solaris, such as Illumos.

History
The mdb project was started in 1997 by Mike Shapiro and others when the Solaris operating system was adding support for 64-bit architectures. Up until that point, Solaris was using the aging adb debugger developed by Steve Bourne (initially for Seventh Edition UNIX).

It was very difficult to simply port adb from a 32-bit architecture to a 64-bit architecture, so Sun engineers decided to make a new debugger that would feature enhanced debugging capabilities, while being backward compatible with adb.

See also
dbx (debugger)

References

Debuggers
Grain size. Grain size (or particle size) is the diameter of individual grains of sediment, or the lithified particles in clastic rocks.  The term may also be applied to other granular materials. This is different from the crystallite size, which refers to the size of a single crystal inside a particle or grain. A single grain can be composed of several crystals. Granular material can range from very small colloidal particles, through clay, silt, sand, gravel, and cobbles, to boulders.

Krumbein phi scale 
Size ranges define limits of classes that are given names in the Wentworth scale (or Udden–Wentworth scale named after geologists Chester K. Wentworth and Johan A. Udden) used in the United States. The Krumbein phi (φ) scale, a modification of the Wentworth scale created by W. C. Krumbein in 1934, is a logarithmic scale computed by the equation

where
 is the Krumbein phi scale,
 is the diameter of the particle or grain in millimeters (Krumbein and Monk's equation) and
 is a reference diameter, equal to 1 mm (to make the equation dimensionally consistent).
This equation can be rearranged to find diameter using φ:

In some schemes, gravel is anything larger than sand (comprising granule, pebble, cobble, and boulder in the table above).

International scale
ISO 14688-1:2017, establishes the basic principles for identifying and classifying soils based on those material and mass characteristics most commonly used for soils for engineering purposes. ISO 14688-1 applies to natural soils in situ, similar man-made materials in situ and soils redeposited by people.

Sorting
An accumulation of sediment can also be characterized by the grain size distribution. A sediment deposit can undergo sorting when a particle size range is removed by an agency such as a river or the wind. The sorting can be quantified using the Inclusive Graphic Standard Deviation:

where

 is the Inclusive Graphic Standard Deviation in phi units
 is the 84th percentile of the grain size distribution in phi units, etc.

The result of this can be described using the following terms:

See also
 Deposition (geology)
 Feret diameter
 Martin diameter
 Orders of magnitude (volume)
 Soil texture
 Substrate (biology)
 Unified Soil Classification System (USCS)

References

External links
 R D Dean & R A Dalrymple, Coastal Processes with Engineering Applications (Cambridge University Press, 2002)
 W C Krumbein & L L Sloss, Stratigraphy and Sedimentation, 2nd edition (Freeman, San Francisco, 1963).
 
 

Sedimentary rocks
Pedology
Hellenic Aeronautical Engineers Society. The Hellenic Aeronautical Engineers Society (HAES) (Greek: Σύλλογος Ελλήνων Αεροναυπηγών) is the society of professional licensed Aeronautical Engineers in Greece.

The purpose of HAES is to provide a basis where Greek-licensed Aeronautical Engineers can fraternize and coordinate scientific and professional efforts to assist the state and support, develop, and promote aviation and space activities.

HAES was first registered in 1975 as a society (noncommercial) and it is a branch organization of the Hellenic Technical (Engineering) Chambers (Τεχνικό Επιμελητήριο Ελλάδας) in Greece. The Society is a member and the national representative of the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences (ICAS), the Council of European Aerospace Societies (CEAS), and the European Federation of National Engineering Associations (FEANI).

The society numbers approximately 250 members, almost all having university degrees in Aeronautical Engineering from countries outside Greece (mostly the United Kingdom, Italy, Germany, France, and the United States) due to the practically non-existence of such academic programs in Greece until recently.

The main requirement for one to become a member is to have a Professional License in Aeronautical Engineering from the Hellenic Technical Chambers in Greece and be in good standing with the chamber.

References

External links
Official website

Engineering societies based in Greece
Aerospace engineering organizations
J/30. The J/30 is a racer/cruiser sailing keelboat developed and built by J/Boats to provide more comfort for coastal cruising while maintaining a high level of sailing performance to make for a competitive racer.

Although the majority of boats are located on the United States east coast, there are fleets across the country and J/30's can be found around the world.  Built to be competitive around the buoys, there are active fleets from the gulf coast to the north east which hold regular One-Design racing, culminating in a North American Championship held in the fall of every year.

History
Following on the enormous success of the J/24, Rod Johnstone designed the J/30 to motivate and sustain participation in the sport of sailing by the entire family.  Introduced in 1979, the aim was to build a boat that would be comfortable for a family to cruise or daysail without compromising speed and performance. By striking this balance, the J/30 is a competitive racer that can be comfortably handled by sailors of all age and experience levels. The J/30 ceased production with hull number 545, built in 1986.

Authority, rules and regulations
The national authority for the class is the J/30 National Class Association. The Class Association maintains a strict set of rules for One-Design racing with the goal of keeping costs down for the amateur sailors that comprise the class.  The Class Association also serves as a resource for owners and crew interested in learning more about the class.  Current one design rules can be found on the web.

1979 Fastnet Race
The J/30 was noted for its performance during the legendary, and tragic, 1979 Fastnet race.  The 1979 Fastnet was besieged by a series of storms, resulting in 15 fatalities.  Hull number 10, named Juggernaut, was shipped to England, where it was entered in the race.  Hull number 29 was being single handed from Bermuda to England by Bill Wallace, getting caught in the storm as it entered the English Channel.  With winds reaching Force 9 on the Beaufort Scale, the two J/30's weathered the storms, being described as "the best . . . sailboat in the world for its intended purpose."

See also
 Cal 9.2 
 J/22
 J/24
 J/27
 J/105
 Kirby 30
 Santana 30/30

References

External links

 J/30 Class Association Website
 J-Boat Website

Sailing yachts
1970s sailboat type designs
Sailboat type designs by Rod Johnstone
Sailboat types built by J/Boats
Potassium ethyl xanthate. Potassium ethyl xanthate (KEX) is an organosulfur compound with the chemical formula . It is a pale yellow powder that is used in the mining industry for the separation of ores. It is a potassium salt of ethyl xanthic acid.

Production and properties
Xanthate salts are prepared by the action of alkoxides on carbon disulfide. The alkoxide is often generated in situ from potassium hydroxide:

Potassium ethyl xanthate is a pale yellow powder that is stable at high pH, but rapidly hydrolyses below pH = 9:

Oxidation gives diethyl dixanthogen disulfide:

KEX is a source of ethylxanthate coordination complexes. For example  have been prepared from KEX for M = Cr, In, Co.

Applications
Potassium ethyl xanthate is used in the mining industry as flotation agent for extraction of the ores of copper, nickel, and silver. The method exploits the affinity of these "soft" metals for the organosulfur ligand.

Potassium xanthate is a useful reagent for preparing xanthate esters from alkyl and aryl halides. The resulting xanthate esters are useful intermediates in organic synthesis.

Safety
The LD50 is 103 mg/kg (oral, rats) for potassium ethyl xanthate.

References

Potassium compounds
Thiocarbonyl compounds
Metallurgical processes