omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Suzuki Choinori. The Suzuki Choinori was a scooter built by Suzuki from 2003 to 2007.  It was designed to minimize the use of materials in general and plastics and threaded fasteners in particular in order to minimize cost. The Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan  named the Choinori as one of the 240 Landmarks of Japanese Automotive Technology.

Concept and design
The Choinori was designed to be a short distance scooter for commuting and running errands. The name "choinori" is derived from "tohnori" the Japanese term for a long-distance touring motorcycle. "Toh nori" means "long ride", "choi nori" is the opposite, meaning "short ride", or "short hop".

The Choinori was designed to minimize the use of materials, especially plastic parts and nuts and bolts. A new 49 cc pushrod OHV engine was designed for the Choinori.  The aluminium engine had a linerless bore that was plated by a newly developed high-speed plating process, reducing both cost and weight. Another feature to reduce cost and weight was the lack of a rear suspension, with the rear axle being bolted directly to the frame. The minimalist design allowed the Choinori to be sold at an extremely low price, with the basic version advertised at a lower price than Suzuki's contemporary electric bicycle.

Developments and end of production
The Choinori engine was found to have a design problem with the cam followers, this was solved by redesigning the cam followers.

In 2004, the Choinori SS was introduced.  Mechanically the same as the regular Choinori, the SS had the leg shield replaced by a headstock cover, a different style of handlebar was used, and the turn signals were moved to the handlebars.

Production of the Choinori was moved from Japan to Taiwan in 2005, and was discontinued in 2007 when the engine could not meet new emission standards.

References

Choinori
Motor scooters
Motorcycles introduced in 2003
Diacetyl peroxide. Diacetyl peroxide is the organic peroxide with the formula (CH3CO2)2. It is a white solid or oily liquid with a sharp odor. As with a number of organic peroxides, it is explosive. It is often used as a solution, e.g., in dimethyl phthalate.

History
Diacetyl peroxide was discovered in 1858 by Benjamin Collins Brodie, who obtained the compound by treating glacial acetic acid with barium peroxide in anhydrous diethyl ether.

Preparation
Diacetyl peroxide forms upon combining hydrogen peroxide and excess acetic anhydride. Peracetic acid is an intermediate.

Safety 
Consisting of both an oxidizer, the O-O bond and reducing agents, the C-C and C-H bonds, diacetyl peroxide is shock sensitive and explosive.

The threshold quantity for Process Safety Management per Occupational Safety and Health Administration 1910.119 is  if the concentration of the diacetyl peroxide solution is greater than 70%.

There have been reports of detonation of the pure material. The 25% solution also has explosive potential. The crystalline peroxide is especially shock sensitive and a high explosion risk.

Safety
Organic peroxides are all prone to exothermic decomposition, potentially leading to explosions and fire.

Contact with liquid causes irritation of the exposed area. If ingested, it irritates the mouth and stomach.

References 

Organic peroxides
Explosive chemicals
Liquid explosives
Organic peroxide explosives
Carbonyl compounds
SEPPIC. SEPPIC designs and supplies specialty chemical products for health and wellbeing. The company is based in France, with distributors and production sites around the world. It has four main areas of business: personal care, pharmaceuticals and nutrition, vaccine adjuvants and injectables, and industrial specialties.

SEPPIC has been part of the Air Liquide group since 1986. Its research has led to innovations in medical treatments, such as the creation of CimaVax, the first therapeutic vaccine to treat lung cancer.

History
In 1943, French chemist André Bondouy founded SEPPIC (Société d’exploitation pour les produits de l’industrie chimique). Between 1946 and 1972, the company expanded, becoming the distributor for several other chemical manufacturers.

In 1972, under the leadership of Jean Martineau (then president of the Paris Chamber of Commerce), the company purchased Société des Produits Chimiques de la Montagne Noire in Castres, France. It created the MONTANE and Montanox product lines of emulsifiers, designed for the cosmetics, pharmaceutical and industrial markets.

In 1986, Seppic become a wholly owned subsidiary of Air Liquide as part of its healthcare business. In 1989, the company established its first American subsidiary in Fairfield, New Jersey.

In 2013, after the 2011 divestiture of a significant portion of its Industrial additives business, SEPPIC acquired BiotechMarine, a company specialized in Marine based cosmetic ingredients including plant stem cells.

In 2017, Seppic finalized the acquisition of Serdex, a specialist of botanical active ingredients for skin treatment.

Research
Research conducted by SEPPIC teams has led to several innovations in the cosmetics and health sectors. The company now holds a portfolio of over 140 patent families.

In an early example of green chemistry in the 1990s, SEPPIC created Montanov 65, an emulsifier derived from matter of vegetable origin.

Later, it created SEPIGELTM 305, a pre-neutralized polymer in an inverse emulsion that enabled new textures, such as gel-creams.

In 2008, Seppic adjuvants were used to develop CimaVax, the first therapeutic vaccine to treat lung cancer.

Partnerships
SEPPIC has research partnerships in the fields of health, nutrition, personal care, and vaccines with French and international companies, including the Japanese chemical giant Shin-Etsu. Seppic is also involved with the Cosmetic Valley business cluster.

References

Pharmaceutical companies of France
Pharmaceutical companies established in 1943
Healthcare companies of France
French brands
Companies based in Paris
French companies established in 1943
Deneb Robotics. Deneb Robotics was a company founded by Scott Walter, Jay Harrison, Nathan Yoffa, and Rakesh Mahajan in 1985. The company pioneered graphics-based 3D factory simulation software for simulation and digital manufacturing tools. The application area reached from concept development to shop floor implementation, including off-line programming. Deneb Robotics is known for their IGRIP, Quest, Ultra and VirtualNC software packages.

The company was acquired by Dassault Systèmes in 1997 and is branded DELMIA. Major companies such as Boeing, and General Motors used Deneb’s suite of tools to optimize their design and manufacturing processes.

References

External links 
 Dassault Systèmes' official homepage

1985 establishments in the United States
1985 establishments in Michigan
Software companies based in Michigan
Defunct software companies of the United States
Software companies established in 1985
Companies established in 1985
European Conference on Computer Vision. The European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV) is a biennial research conference with the proceedings published by Springer Science+Business Media. Similar to ICCV in scope and quality, it is held those years which ICCV is not. It is considered to be one of the top conferences in computer vision, alongside CVPR and ICCV,
with an 'A' rating from the Australian Ranking of ICT Conferences and an 'A1' rating from the Brazilian ministry of education. The acceptance rate for ECCV 2010 was 24.4% for posters and 3.3% for oral presentations.

Like other top computer vision conferences, ECCV has tutorial talks, technical sessions, and poster sessions. The conference is usually spread over five to six days with the main technical program occupying three days in the middle, and tutorial and workshops, focused on specific topics, being held in the beginning and at the end.

The ECCV presents the Koenderink Prize annually to recognize fundamental contributions in computer vision.

Location
The conference is usually held in autumn in Europe.

See also
 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
 International Conference on Computer Vision

References 

Signal processing conferences
Computer vision research infrastructure
Information technology organizations based in Europe
IEEE conferences
Aero-Craft Aero-Coupe. The Aero-Craft Aero-Coupe is an American, 2-passenger, semi-cabin, all-purpose, commercial biplane that was designed by Captain Clement Brown in 1928 and manufactured by Aero-Craft Manufacturing Company. The aircraft was intended for use as an air taxi, as well as for mail and express feeder service. The Aero-Coupe was manufactured by Aero-Craft Manufacturing Company, based in Detroit, Michigan. Aero-Craft Mfg. Co. was founded in 1928, and the Aero-Coupe was the first production model that was released by the company. The Aero-Coupe was a "semi-cabin" aircraft: the three passengers were situated within a closed cabin in the aircraft's fuselage near the nose, while the aircraft's single pilot was positioned in an open cockpit, above and behind the passenger cabin, behind the wings. The aircraft was first introduced to the public in 1928 during the Detroit Aero Show, also known as the All-American Aircraft Show, which occurred from April 14–21. Its price, as mentioned in Volume 20 of Flight International, was $6500, when it was first exhibited to the public. It was powered by a single, seven-cylinder Warner Scarab rotary engine, which provided 120 hp. The aircraft had a range of 740 kilometres, and was capable of flying as fast as 185 km/h. The wings were of unequal span.

Specifications

References

Biplanes
1920s United States civil utility aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft with conventional landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
Bradford Leslie. Sir Bradford Leslie KCIE (1831-1926) was an English civil engineer who specialised in bridges and was a pupil of Isambard Kingdom Brunel.  His most notable achievement was the 1887 Jubilee Bridge.

Early life
Leslie was born in London on 18 August 1831 the son of Charles Robert Leslie a noted painter and illustrator.  His younger brother George was also later a painter and illustrator and his older brother Robert Leslie became a marine artist. Educated at the Mercers' School in London at the age of 16 Leslie was apprenticed to Isambard Kingdom Brunel, the usual fee of 1,000 guineas was waived in consideration of his father painting some pictures for Brunel.  Leslie became a specialist at bridge building and in 1851 was assistant engineer on the Chepstow Bridge, his next position was resident engineer on the Saltash Bridge.  Before the Saltash Bridge was completed he returned to London to undertake inspection of material for the steamship Great Eastern and at the launch of the ship he acted as an assistant to Brunel.

India

Brunel was a consulting engineer to the Eastern Bengal Railway and Leslie was sent to India as engineer in charge of bridges and viaducts.  He supervised the building of the Eschamutter and Koormar river bridges before returning to Britain in 1861 to design bridges for railway lines in South Wales.  He soon returned to India as chief engineer of the Eastern Bengal Railway and in 1876 Leslie became agent and chief engineer to the East India Railway Company.  His greatest achievement in India was the Hooghly Bridge (known as the Jubilee Bridge when it opened in 1887) for which he was appointed a Knight Commander Order of the Indian Empire.  He also designed an unusual floating pontoon bridge which straddled the Hooghly in Calcutta for 70 years and the Gorai River railway bridge near Kushtia in Bangladesh.

Later years
While in India Leslie lost his wife, three daughters and a son-in-law all within three years and after repeated attacks of malaria Leslie returned home to England with two orphan granddaughters in 1887.  The ship Tasmania was wrecked off Corsica and while carrying one of his granddaughters to safety he fell and injured his knee, it was to trouble him for the rest of his life.  The injury was not helped by an accident when he was 84 when he was knocked down by a bicycle as he left his London home and broke a thigh.  Despite the injuries he continued to work and in 1895 he became the chairman of the Southern Punjab Railway Company in London.  In 1899 he went on a brief return visit to India to discuss a replacement for his floating bridge which was now inadequate for the increased usage, in 1918 when he was 88 he submitted a new design.  In 1901 he entered into partnership with Lt Col Arthur John Barry as Barry and Leslie.  Barry had been the Chief Engineer in charge of the construction of the Jubilee Bridge.

He died at his London home on 21 March 1926 aged 95.

References

1831 births
1926 deaths
Engineers from London
English civil engineers
Knights Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire
People educated at Mercers' School
Max Jakob. Max Jakob (July 20, 1879 – January 4, 1955) was a German physicist known for his work in the field of thermal science.

Born in Ludwigshafen, Germany, Jakob studied engineering at Technical University Munich, from which he graduated in 1903. From 1903 to 1906, he was an assistant to O. Knoblauch at the Laboratory for Technical Physics. In 1910, Jakob embarked on a 25-year career at the Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt in Charlottenburg, Berlin. During this time he founded and directed applied thermodynamics, heat transfer, and fluid flow laboratories.

Fleeing Nazi persecution, Jakob left Germany in 1936 and immigrated to the United States, where he became a professor at Armour Institute of Technology (now Illinois Institute of Technology) and a consultant in heat transfer for Armour Research Foundation. There he conducted research, covering areas such as steam and air at high pressure, devices for measuring thermal conductivity, the mechanisms of boiling and condensation, and flow in pipes and nozzles.

His many years of teaching, consulting, and writing resulted in contributions to the literature of the profession; nearly 500 books, articles, reviews and discussions have been published based on his research. He has published a number of books in thermal sciences including Elements of Heat Transfer and Insulation (1942) and Heat Transfer (1956).

He is credited with devising the Jakob dimensionless number, aka Jakob number, which is used in phase change heat transfer calculations:

The Max Jakob Memorial Award, the highest honor in the field of heat transfer, was established in 1961 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Heat Transfer Division in honor of Jakob.

References

External links
"Max Jakob Memorial Award - ASME Heat Transfer Division"
"American Society of Mechanical Engineers"
"American Institute of Chemical Engineers"

1879 births
1955 deaths
Technical University of Munich alumni
20th-century German physicists
20th-century American physicists
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States
Ultra Hal. Ultra Hal is a chatbot intended to function as a virtual assistant. It was developed by Zabaware, Inc.

Ultra Hal uses a natural language interface with animated characters using speech synthesis. Users can communicate with the chatterbot via typing or via a speech recognition engine.  It utilizes the WordNet lexical dictionary. Its name is an allusion to HAL 9000, the artificial intelligence from the movie 2001: A Space Odyssey.

Ultra Hal won the 2007 Loebner Prize for "most human" chatterbot.

References 

Ultra Hal assistant The Tribune 4 December 2000.
 two-page book coverage
 comparison.
 , Computerra.

External links
 Ultra Hal webpage

Chatbots
Human–computer interaction
Kaniv Hydroelectric Power Plant. Kaniv Hydroelectric Power Plant is a hydroelectricity generating complex on the Dnieper river in Kaniv, Ukraine. It is operated by Ukrhydroenego, a subsidiary of the state-owned Energy Company of Ukraine. The dam has a  single-stage, single chamber lock to enable travel along the Dnieper river.

History
Planning for the power plant's facilities was conducted by UkrHydroProject, a department of the Ukrainian State Research and Project Institute. Construction was contracted out to specialized construction companies, lasting from 1964 to 1972. The plant's turbines and generators were produced by the Kharkiv branches of Turboatom and Elektrovazhmash, respectively.

Renovation of the Kaniv Hydroelectric Power Plant started in 1997. The first stage of renovation was financed through the IBRD, completing in June 2002. The second stage was financed by the Ukrainian government, supplemented by a US$106 million investment by the World Bank, completing in 2017.

See also 
 Hydroelectricity in Ukraine

References

External links

 Information about the power plant at Ukrhydroenergy website

Dams completed in 1972
Energy infrastructure completed in 1972
Energy infrastructure completed in 1975
Hydroelectric power stations in Ukraine
Hydroelectric power stations built in the Soviet Union
Kaniv 
Run-of-the-river power stations
Dams in Ukraine
Dams on the Dnieper
IAR-22. The IAR-22 was a single engine basic trainer built in Romania in about 1934.  It was a low-wing monoplane with two seats in tandem and a fixed conventional undercarriage.

Design
The IAR.22 was a wooden, low-wing monoplane with a fixed conventional undercarriage, seating two in tandem, open cockpits.  The wings were built around two spruce box spars, with plywood webs; plywood covered the whole wing except for the fabric trailing edges. In plan, the wings were straight-tapered, with most of the taper on the trailing edge, but with rounded tips.  The wing trailing edge carried ailerons but no flaps. The tailplane was also straight-tapered, though with the taper more equally distributed between leading and trailing edges.  The elevators were split, with a cut-out for rudder movement, and were horn balanced.  The fin was also straight-edged but the broad rudder, also horn balanced, had a curved trailing edge.

The fuselage of the IAR.22 was flat sided, tapering to the rear.  It was a Warren truss structure with duralumin gussets; the forward fuselage was plywood covered, the remain fabric clad.  Rounded decking, together with a head fairing behind the rear cockpit, gave the aircraft a slightly humped profile.  The front cockpit was just behind the leading edge of the wing and the rear one at mid-chord. The nose line dropped slightly over the cowling of the 97 kW (130 hp) de Havilland Gipsy Major engine, an inverted air-cooled inline engine carried on a steel mounting and which drove a two-bladed propeller. The undercarriage had a wide track of over 2.5 m (100 in), with near perpendicular IAR-made shock absorber legs, split axles hinged at the fuselage centre line and trailing struts.  The wheels had independent brakes but were not faired in.

It was reported that the IAR.22 "gave very satisfactory results in tests" conducted by the Romanian Air Ministry's Acceptance Commission. The design allowed for engines of up to 225 kW (300 hp) to be fitted: the intention was that it should be suitable for wireless, camera and gunnery training.

Two airplanes were manufactured, one of which was bought by the Royal Romanian Air Force and assigned to the Military Piloting School. It was withdrawn in 1935 following an accident. The other IAR-22 was bought by a private individual.

Operators

Royal Romanian Air Force

Specifications

References

1930s Romanian military trainer aircraft
22
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Operations Sandy and Pushover. Operation Sandy was the codename for the post-World War II launch of a captured V-2 rocket from the deck of the United States Navy aircraft carrier USS Midway on September 6, 1947. It marked the first launch of a large rocket, and the only time for a V-2, from a ship at sea. Operation Pushover was a follow-up test in late 1949 to assess the danger to a carrier from a V-2 explosion.

Operation Sandy
Rear Admiral Daniel V. Gallery, Assistant to the Chief of Naval Operations, was an early advocate of the concept. It was he who initiated Operation Sandy.

Preliminary testing was done at the White Sands Missile Range, using a simulated aircraft carrier deck. The V-2 to be used was assembled at White Sands. It was shipped across the country to the east coast and loaded aboard the Midway, then the largest carrier in the Navy and equipped with an armored flight deck. The aircraft carrier sailed to a point several hundred miles south of Bermuda for the launch.

After liftoff, the V-2 tilted at an angle and subsequently broke up at an altitude of , disappointing the distinguished witnesses.

Operation Pushover
Operation Pushover determined how much damage would result from a V-2 toppling or exploding on a carrier deck, using a simulated deck built at White Sands. In late 1949, a fully fueled V-2 was set on a pedestal with four legs, two of which were rigged with explosives to be "blown away just after ignition of the rocket motor." Pushover No. 2 repeated the test with the deck raised several feet.

See also
Photos and link to a newsreel account of Operation Sandy
Photos of Sandy and Pushover

References

Sandy
Trond Andresen. Trond Andresen (born 30 April 1947) is a Norwegian academic, former communist politician, public writer and debater, broadcaster, and associate professor of Cybernetics at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU). He served as a board member of NTNU 1999-2001, as an elected academic representative.

Career
He earned the M.Sc. degree in electrical engineering at NTH (now NTNU) in 1973, and has been assistant professor at NTNU since 1982. He was elected as a member of the university board in 1999, serving one term. He earned the dr.philos. degree in 2018 with the dissertation On the Dynamics of Money Circulation, Creation and Debt – a Control Systems Approach and was thus promoted to associate professor.

Political activity
Andresen has been a member of a number of left-wing organisations in Norway, and was a co-founder of the Red Electoral Alliance (RV) political party in 1973. In 1982, he founded a left-wing radio station affiliated with RV, Radio RV, and served as its editor until 1996. He has also freelanced for the NRK. Andresen was a columnist for the left-wing daily Klassekampen from 2000 to 2016, and also for some time moderated its online forum, launched in 2008. He was also very active in hosting and participating in the debate about the newspaper's strategy that ended with the replacement of then-editor Paul Bjerke by Jon Michelet by the owners of the paper, the Workers' Communist Party, in 1996.

Due to his membership and activity in several communist organisations, Andresen was under surveillance by the Police Surveillance Agency from 1970 until the early 1990s, and has published his dossier, which he obtained following the inquiries into the Police Surveillance Agency's activities, on the Internet.

In February 2009, Andresen left the Red party.

In recent years, Andresen has been a vocal critic of Israel. He was one of the signatories of the petition to the university board that NTNU boycott Israel, an initiative which received worldwide media attention. The initiative by 34 NTNU professors eventually failed in the university board.

In April 2015, he was asked by the Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions not to bring a poster to the International Workers' Day stating that "whining about anti-Semitism is a derailment tactic", that he had used for several years. In 2016 he announced his support for Marine Le Pen.

Awards
In 2006, Andresen received the SINTEF Prize for Excellence in Teaching.

References

Norwegian engineers
Academic staff of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Red Party (Norway) politicians
Norwegian columnists
1947 births
Living people