omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Vickers Type 143. The Vickers Type 143 or Bolivian Scout was a British single-seat fighter biplane designed and built by Vickers in 1929–1930. Six were built for Bolivia in 1930, which used the survivors in the Chaco War against Paraguay.

Design and development
Early in 1929, Bolivia, which was engaged in border disputes with Paraguay over the Gran Chaco region, and was trying to build up its air force, placed an order with Vickers for six fighter aircraft, the Vickers Type 143. The Type 143, or Bolivian Scout, was a development of the earlier Vickers Type 141 fighter, with the Type 141's Rolls-Royce Kestrel engine replaced by a Bristol Jupiter VIA, already powering other aircraft used by the Bolivian Air Force, and a stronger undercarriage to cope with the rough airfield surfaces in Bolivia. It was an all-metal, single-seat, biplane aircraft, with single-bay wings.

The Type 143 first flew on 11 June 1929, and successfully met all performance criteria. One of the six aircraft was evaluated by the Aeroplane and Armament Experimental Establishment (A & AEE) at Martlesham Heath before delivery to Bolivia.

A seventh aircraft, the Vickers Type 177  was built as a private venture to meet the requirements of Air Ministry Specification N.21/26 for a naval fighter, being fitted with a Jupiter XF engine and steerable wheel braking to aid on-deck manoeuvering. The Type 177 first flew on 26 November 1929, and while it was shown to have a maximum speed of 190 mph (310 km/h),  the Hawker Nimrod, not designed against this specification, was chosen instead to meet the Fleet Air Arm's requirement for a fighter.

Operational history
Delivery of the six Type 143s to Bolivia began in January 1930. While the type proved popular in Bolivian service, three of the six had been written off by the time the border disputes between Bolivia and Paraguay escalated into the Chaco War. The three remaining Type 143s continued to serve in the Chaco War until superseded by Curtiss Hawks, damaging at least one Paraguayan Wibault 73 in air-to-air combat.

Variants
Vickers Type 143 Six aircraft for Bolivia, powered by 450 hp (340 kW) Bristol Jupiter VIA engine.
Vickers Type 177 One prototype Naval Fighter, evaluated for Fleet Air Arm, powered by 540 hp (400 kW) Bristol Jupiter XFS engine. No production.

Operators

Bolivian Air Force received six aircraft.

Fleet Air Arm tested one prototype.

Specifications (Type 143)

See also
Aerial operations in the Chaco War

References

Notes

Bibliography

 Andrews, E.N. and E.B. Morgan. Vickers Aircraft Since 1908, Second edition. London: Putnam, 1988. .
 Green, W. and Gordon Swanborough. The Complete Book of Fighters. New York: Smithmark, 1994. .
 Mason, Francis K. The British Fighter since 1912. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1992. .

External links

 The Gran Chaco War: Fighting for Mirages in the Foothills of the Andes

1920s British fighter aircraft
Type 143
Transport in Bolivia
Aircraft first flown in 1929
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Arocet. Arocet Inc was an American aircraft manufacturer established by Tom Hamilton in Arlington, Washington in the 1980s to market military derivatives of the Glasair III homebuilt aircraft that Hamilton had worked on as part of Stoddard-Hamilton Aircraft.

Products

Arocet AT-9 (1988) Turboprop engine two-seat low-wing monoplane with retractable undercarriage.  One built

References
 
 aerofiles.com

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the United States
Companies based in Arlington, Washington
T. Leslie Youd. T. Leslie Youd is an American geotechnical engineer and earthquake engineer, specializing in soil liquefaction and ground failure. He currently lives in Orem, Utah.

Education
Youd received his BES in civil engineering from Brigham Young University in 1964. He then attended Iowa State University where he received his PhD in civil engineering in 1967. He performed post doctoral study in soil mechanics and engineering seismology from 1975 to 1976 at Imperial College of Science and Technology in London.

Research
Youd's research has been primarily concerned with the phenomenon of soil liquefaction, and the associated lateral spreading which can occur. Youd has published over 140 research papers. Youd's best-known papers are on the prediction of the magnitude of lateral spreading.

Awards and honors
Youd was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2005.

Youd was made an honorary member of the American Society of Civil Engineers in 2006, an honor bestowed upon fewer than 0.2% of its membership. He received the Distinguished Alumni Award in 2011 at Iowa State University.

Patents
Youd earned patent #4,840,230 for a system to retrievably install instruments into a borehole.

References

Place of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Brigham Young University alumni
Brigham Young University faculty
Iowa State University alumni
American civil engineers
Geotechnical engineers
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Dewoitine. Constructions Aéronautiques Émile Dewoitine was a French aircraft manufacturer established in Toulouse by Émile Dewoitine in October 1920. The company's initial products were a range of metal parasol-wing fighters, which were largely ignored by the French Air Force but purchased in large quantities abroad and licence-built in Italy, Switzerland, and Czechoslovakia. The company was liquidated in January 1927, with the only remaining active programme (the D.27) being transferred to EKW in Switzerland.

The company was then re-established in Paris in March of the following year as Société Aéronautique Française (Avions Dewoitine) or SAF. After briefly continuing D.27 production, the reconstituted firm produced a range of fighters, the D.500 family, that became a mainstay of the French Air Force during the 1930s.

It also developed important civilian airliners, such as the D.333 and its derivative the D.338, designed for pioneering routes to French Indochina (Vietnam), and eventually Hong Kong.

The firm was nationalised in March 1937 into the short-lived SNCA du Midi, or SNCAM, and produced the D.520. This was France's best-performing fighter at the outbreak of war, though production delays meant too few were produced to pose any serious opposition to the Luftwaffe during the Battle of France.

The end of Dewoitine as an individual business entity came with its absorption into SNCASE in December 1940, by which time Émile Dewoitine had departed to establish SIPA. No further aircraft were produced under the Dewoitine name.

Aircraft

 Dewoitine D.1
 Dewoitine D.2 project
 Dewoitine D.3 project
 Dewoitine D.4 project
 Dewoitine D.5 project
 Dewoitine D.6 project
 Dewoitine D.7
 Dewoitine D.9
 Dewoitine D.10 project
 Dewoitine D.13 project
 Dewoitine D.14
 Dewoitine D.15
 Dewoitine D.17 project
 Dewoitine D.18 project
 Dewoitine D.19
 Dewoitine D.21
 Dewoitine D.22 project
 Dewoitine D.23 project
 Dewoitine D.24 project
 Dewoitine D.25
 Dewoitine D.26
 Dewoitine D.27
 Dewoitine D.28
 Dewoitine D.30
 Dewoitine D.33
 Dewoitine D.35
 Dewoitine D.332
 Dewoitine D.338
 Dewoitine D.371
 Dewoitine D.372
 Dewoitine D.420 project
 Dewoitine D.430
 Dewoitine D.440 project
 Dewoitine D.450 project
 Dewoitine D.470 project
 Dewoitine D.480
 Dewoitine D.481
 Dewoitine D.490 project
 Dewoitine D.500
 Dewoitine D.513
 Dewoitine D.520
 Dewoitine D.551
 Dewoitine D.560
 Dewoitine D.580 project
 Dewoitine D.590 project
 Dewoitine D.600 project
 Dewoitine D.640 project
 Dewoitine D.650 project
 Dewoitine D.660 project
 Dewoitine D.680 project
 Dewoitine D.710 project
 Dewoitine D.720
 Dewoitine D.750
 Dewoitine D.760 project
 Dewoitine D.770
 Dewoitine D.800 project
 Dewoitine D.810 project
 Dewoitine D.820 project
 Dewoitine D.860 project 
 Dewoitine D.900 project
 Dewoitine HD.460 project
 Dewoitine HD.730
 Dewoitine P-1

References

 

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of France
Manufacturing companies established in 1920
Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1929
French companies established in 1920
1929 disestablishments in France
Australian Autogyro Skyhook. The Australian Autogyro Skyhook, originally flown as the Minty Skyhook, was a small, single seat autogyro marketed in kit form. Three versions were offered, with differing engines and cabin enclosures.

Variants
 Mk I - open framework only, Rotax 503 engine
 Mk II - partially enclosed cabin, Volkswagen engine
 Mk III - fully enclosed cabin, Volkswagen engine

Specifications (Mk III)

References

 Tayor, John W. R., and Munson Kenneth. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1981-1982 edition London: Jane' Publishing Company Limited,1981 
 
 
  Popular Rotorcraft Association website (page 17)

See also

1970s Australian sport aircraft
Autogyros
Aircraft first flown in 1978
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Plaxton Derwent 3000. The Plaxton Derwent 3000 was a step entrance single-decker bus body built by Plaxton. It was introduced in 1986, and is not related to the earlier body which was built between 1962 and 1977, with the same name.

Around 250 were built, almost four times as many as its predecessor, the Plaxton Bustler, over a similar number of years.

It was built mainly on mid-engined chassis, although a small number of Scania K93 -engined chassis were also bodied. The most common chassis was the Leyland Tiger, largely due to orders from the UK military for over a hundred, some of which were left-hand drive. Other chassis were the Volvo B10M (including short wheelbase examples); some of the last Bedford Y series to enter service; Dennis Javelin; and around fifteen secondhand Leyland Leopard chassis being rebodied.

The Derwent 3000 was superseded by the Plaxton Verde from 1991.

Body numbering

In the pre-1989 system of body numbers, the Derwent 3000 initially took the code D1B. This later became L2B, presumably to avoid confusion with the Paramount 4000, which also used the letter D. For military vehicles, MOD was used instead.

In the post-1989 system, the letters E and F identified the Derwent.

Naming
The number 3000 in the model's name refers to its approximate height in millimetres (like the Paramount 3200, 3500 and 4000).

The model was initially launched as the Derwent II, even though the numeral II had already been used for the previous Derwent model between 1966 and 1977.

See also
 List of buses

External links

Derwent 3000
Single-deck buses
Step-entrance buses
Vehicles introduced in 1986
SNARK (theorem prover). SNARK, (SRI's New Automated Reasoning Kit), is a theorem prover for multi-sorted first-order logic intended for applications in artificial intelligence and software engineering, developed at SRI International.

SNARK's principal inference mechanisms are resolution and paramodulation; in addition it offers specialized decision procedures for particular domains, e.g., a constraint solver for Allen's temporal interval logic. In contrast to many other theorem provers is fully automated (non-interactive).  SNARK offers many strategic controls for adjusting its search behavior and thus tune its performance to particular applications.  This, together with its use of multi-sorted logic and facilities for integrating special-purpose reasoning procedures with general-purpose inference make it particularly suited as reasoner for large sets of assertions.

SNARK is used as reasoning component in the NASA Intelligent Systems Project.  It is written in Common Lisp and available under the Mozilla Public License.

See also 
 Automated reasoning
 Automated theorem proving
 Computer-aided proof
 First-order logic
 Formal verification

References 
 M. Stickel, R. Waldinger, M. Lowry, T. Pressburger, and I. Underwood. "Deductive composition of astronomical software from subroutine libraries." Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Automated Deduction (CADE-12), Nancy, France, June 1994, pages 341–355.
 Richard Waldinger, Martin Reddy, and Jennifer Dungan. "Deductive Composition of Multiple Data Sources." May 2002 Progress Report of the Intelligent Data Understanding Research Task, Intelligent System Project, NASA SISM.
 R, Waldinger, D. E. Appelt, J. Fry, D. J. Israel, P. Jarvis, D. Martin, S. Riehemann, M. E. Stickel, M. Tyson, J. Hobbs, and J. L. Dungan. "Deductive Question Answering from Multiple Resources." in New Directions in Question Answering, AAAI, 2004.
 R. Waldinger, P. Jarvis, and J. Dungan. "Using Deduction to Choreograph Multiple Data Sources." In Semantic Web Technologies for Searching and Retrieving, Sanibel Island, Florida, October 2003.

External links 
 SNARK homepage at SRI
 SNARK tutorial

Free theorem provers
Common Lisp (programming language) software
SRI International software
Abrasive saw. 

An abrasive saw, also known as a cut-off saw or chop saw, is a circular saw (a kind of power tool) which is typically used to cut hard materials, such as metals, tile, and concrete. The cutting action is performed by an abrasive disc, similar to a thin grinding wheel. Technically speaking this is not a saw, as it does not use regularly shaped edges (teeth) for cutting.

These saws are available in a number of configurations, including table top, free hand, and walk behind models.  In the table top models, which are commonly used to cut tile and metal, the cutting wheel and motor are mounted on a pivoting arm attached to a fixed base plate.  Table top saws are often electrically powered and generally have a built-in vise or other clamping arrangement.  The free hand designs are typically used to cut concrete, asphalt, and pipe on construction sites.  They are designed with the handles and motor near the operator, with the blade at the far end of the saw.  Free hand saws do not feature a vise, because the materials being cut are larger and heavier.  Walk-behind models, sometimes called flat saws are larger saws which use a stand or cart to cut into concrete floors as well as asphalt and concrete paving materials.

Abrasive saws typically use composite friction disk blades to abrasively cut through the steel.  The disks are consumable items as they wear throughout the cut. The abrasive disks for these saws are typically  in diameter and  thick. Larger saws use  diameter blades. Disks are available for steel and stainless steel. Abrasive saws can also use superabrasive (i.e., diamond and cubic boron nitride or CBN) blades, which last longer than conventional abrasive materials and do not generate as hazardous particulate matter.  Superabrasive materials are more commonly used when cutting concrete, asphalt, and tile; however, they are also suitable for cutting ferrous metals.

Since their introduction, portable cut-off saws have made many building site jobs easier. With these saws, lightweight steel fabrication previously performed in workshops using stationary power bandsaws or cold saws can be done on-site. Abrasive saws have replaced more expensive and hazardous acetylene torches in many applications, such as cutting rebar.  In addition, these saws allow construction workers to cut through concrete, asphalt, and pipe on job sites in a more precise manner than is possible with heavy equipment.

See also 
Angle grinder
Cold saw
Miter box
 Ring saw

References

Sources

External links 

Saw Blade Troubleshooting

Cutting machines
Metalworking cutting tools
Saws
George M. Skurla. George Martin Skurla (July 2, 1921 – September 2, 2001) graduated from University of Michigan in 1944 and was an aeronautical engineer with Grumman Corporation.  He began his career as an apprentice engineer, rising through the ranks and in 1965 becoming Director of Operations at the Kennedy Space Center.  He was responsible for overseeing the production of the Lunar Modules for the Apollo Program.  In June 1973, he oversaw operations for the design and production of the F-14 Tomcat and A-6 Intruder aircraft.  He was elected president of Grumman Corporation in 1985 and retired the next year after 42 years with Grumman Corporation.  He died from pneumonia in Melbourne, Florida at Holmes Regional Medical Center at age 80.  At Florida Institute of Technology in Melbourne, Florida, the aeronautics building is named after him, where he served on the Board of Trustees. 
Skurla is of Croatian descent.

References
 https://web.archive.org/web/20040923195304/http://marina.fortunecity.com/finisterre/336/george_sk_obit.htm
 http://www.croatians.com/MOON-SKURLA.htm
 https://web.archive.org/web/20070724194351/http://www.grummanpark.org/Newsletters/newslettervol1no5.htm

External links

 

1921 births
2001 deaths
Burials at the Cemetery of the Holy Rood
American aerospace engineers
University of Michigan College of Engineering alumni
American people of Croatian descent
Deaths from pneumonia in Florida
20th-century American engineers
Joseph W.S. de Graft-Johnson. Joseph William Swain de Graft-Johnson (6 October 1933 – 22 April 1999) was a Ghanaian engineer, academic and politician. He served as Vice-President of Ghana from 1979 to 1981.

Early life and education
Joseph de Graft-Johnson was born on 6 October 1933 in Cape Coast, Gold Coast to Fante parents. He attended Mfantsipim School. He received his bachelor's degree in Civil Engineering from the University of Leeds. In 1960, he received a master's degree in Highway Engineering from the University of Birmingham. He received his PhD in Soil Mechanics from the University of California, Berkeley in 1965.

Career
He first worked with a London engineering firm, where his projects included the building of a Brazilian power plant and the extension of an airport in London. de Graft-Johnson practised as an engineer in Ghana. He was a lecturer at the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology at Kumasi and was later promoted to Senior Lecturer, then associate professor in 1968. In 1969, he became the Director of the Buildings and Roads Research Institute. In 1974, he was one of ten members appointed to the Ghana Highways Authority and later, sat on the board of directors. He was also one of the founding members of the Ghana Institution of Engineers (GhIE), of which he was the President from 1977 to 1978. He was a consultant to the Government of Zambia where he advised on the set-up of the Building Research and Development Institute in Lusaka.

Politics
During the era of military rule under the Supreme Military Council, he was involved in opposition to continued military rule as he was then President of the GhIE, one of many professional bodies in Ghana opposing the military government. He suffered personal attacks because of this. He was a member of the 1978 Constituent Assembly established to write the 1979 Constitution of the Third Republic. de Graft-Johnson joined the People's National Party (PNP) when it was founded in 1979. This was after the ban on political parties imposed in 1972 by the National Redemption Council was lifted. The PNP won the elections and he became the first ever Vice President of Ghana in the Limann government. The government was overthrown by coup d'état on 31 December 1981. He left for exile in London, England  after the coup.

Personal life 
He was married to Lily Anna Sekyi and they had 5 children.

Death
De Graft-Johnson died on 22 April 1999 in London at the age of 65. After his funeral service at the Wesley Methodist Cathedral, he was buried in Cape Coast.

Publications

Literature
de Graft Okyere, Letitia (2022) The First Vice President: A Biography of JWS de Graft-Johnson MacSwain Publishing

References

1933 births
1999 deaths
20th-century Ghanaian engineers
Academic staff of Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
Alumni of the University of Birmingham
Alumni of the University of Leeds
Fante people
Ghanaian Methodists
Leaders ousted by a coup
Mfantsipim School alumni
People's National Party (Ghana) politicians
UC Berkeley College of Engineering alumni
Vice-presidents of Ghana
NanoBook. The NanoBook is an ultra-mobile PC reference design by VIA Technologies, Inc. It has a clamshell form factor, a 7-inch 800×480 touchscreen display, and a full-size keyboard. It weighs less than 850g (approximately 1.87 lb) and has a claimed battery life of up to 4.5 hours. It is based on the VIA VX700 chipset, featuring the VIA UniChrome Pro II IGP integrated graphics and powered by the 1.2-GHz VIA C7-M ultra low voltage processor. It includes up to 1 GB DDR2 memory, a minimum 30-GB hard drive, 802.11g WiFi, Bluetooth and Ethernet support, as well as a 4-in-1 card reader, a DVI port and two USB 2.0 ports.

The company's press release stated that, "[to] provide users with additional flexibility when they are on the move, the VIA NanoBook also features a USB slot next to the screen that will enable the snap-in integration of a variety of World Time Clock/Calendar, GPS, VOIP, and broadband wireless modules."

The NanoBook was "targeted at aggressive consumer price points", and was available starting in the second half of 2007 through global OEMs and SIs.

Specification
Overview of the VIA NanoBook UMD reference design specification from VIA's web site:
Processor: 1.2 GHz VIA C7-M ULV (Ultra Low Voltage) Processor
Chipset: VIA VX700 System Media Processor (integrated North & South Bridge)
Memory: DDR2 SO-DIMM up to 1 GB
30-GB HDD
Display: 7-inch 800×480 touchscreen TFT LCD
Graphics: VIA UniChrome Pro II IGP Integrated 3D/2D Graphics with shared memory up to 64 MB
Audio: VIA Vinyl VT1708A HD Audio codec; 2 speakers
Networking:
Ethernet: Realtek RTL8100CL 10/100 Mbit/s
Wireless LAN: Azure Wave 802.11b/g (USB interface)
Bluetooth: Billionton (USB interface)
I/O:
4-in-1 Card Reader
1× DVI-I port
2× Hi-Speed USB2.0 ports
1× RJ45 Ethernet port
Audio jacks:
1× Mic-in audio jack
1× Array Microphone jack
1× Headphone (line out) jack
Status Indicator: Power On; Battery; RF (with power button); HDD; Caps Lock
Battery: 4 cells for up to 4.5 hours of battery life (BatteryMark 2004)
Dimensions: 230 mm (W) × 171 mm (D) × 29.4 mm (H)
Weight: Under 850 g
Operating System Support: Supports Microsoft Windows XP, Windows Vista and all popular Linux distributions

Netbooks Nanobook-based
Apricot Picobook Pro
Aristo Pico 740
Astone UMPC CE-260
Belinea s.book 1
Blue Thunder BT260
Elonex Websurfer
Everex CloudBook
Everex Cloudbook CE1200V
Everex Cloudbook CE1201V
Everex Cloudbook SC1200T
Everex Cloudbook CE1200J
iDOT CE260
Packard Bell Easynote XS
Pioneer Dreambook Light CE26
Sungju TangoX Nano
Surcouf La Révolution
Sylvania g
Zyrex Ubud

See also
ASUS Eee PC
Palm Foleo
Ultra-Mobile PC
VIA OpenBook

References

External links
VIA NanoBook UMD Reference Design
VIA introduces NanoBook Ultra Mobile Device a $600 ultraportable laptop

Laptops
Ultra Mobile PC
VIA Technologies
Netbooks
Computer-related introductions in 2007