omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Processor. Processor may refer to:

Computing

Hardware  
 Processor (computing)
 Central processing unit (CPU), the hardware within a computer that executes a program
 Microprocessor, a central processing unit contained on a single integrated circuit (IC)
 Application-specific instruction set processor (ASIP), a component used in system-on-a-chip design
 Graphics processing unit (GPU), a processor designed for doing dedicated graphics-rendering computations
 Physics processing unit (PPU), a dedicated microprocessor designed to handle the calculations of physics
 Digital signal processor (DSP), a specialized microprocessor designed specifically for digital signal processing
 Image processor, a specialized DSP used for image processing in digital cameras, mobile phones or other devices
 Neural processing unit (NPU), a class of specialized hardware accelerator or computer system designed to accelerate artificial intelligence and machine learning applications, including artificial neural networks and machine vision
 Vision processing unit (VPU), an emerging () class of microprocessor; it is a specific type of AI accelerator, designed to accelerate machine vision tasks
 Tensor Processing Unit (TPU), an AI accelerator application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) developed by Google for neural network machine learning, using Google's own TensorFlow software.
 Secure cryptoprocessor
 Quantum processor, a computer that takes advantage of quantum mechanical phenomena. At small scales, physical matter exhibits properties of both particles and waves, and quantum computing leverages this behavior, specifically quantum superposition and entanglement, using specialized hardware that supports the preparation and manipulation of quantum states.
 Coprocessor
 Floating-point unit
 Audio processor
 Network processor, a microprocessor specifically targeted at the networking application domain
 Baseband processor
 Multi-core processor, single component with two or more independent CPUs (called "cores") on the same chip carrier or on the same die
 System on a chip, a chip including one or more processor cores, such as CPUs, GPUs and others, and additional support circuitry
 Front-end processor, a helper processor for communication between a host computer and other devices

Software 
 Word processor, a computer application used for the production of potentially printable material
 Document processor, a computer application that superficially resembles a word processor—but emphasizes the visual layout of the document's components

Systems 
 Data processing system, a combination of machines, people, and processes that for a set of inputs produces a defined set of outputs
 Information system, a system composed of people and computers that processes or interprets information

Other 
 Firewood processor, a machine designed to cut and split firewood
 Food processor, an appliance used to facilitate repetitive tasks in the preparation of food

See also 
 
 Process (disambiguation)
 Controller (computing)
 Data processing (disambiguation)
Tephigram. A tephigram is one of a number of thermodynamic diagrams commonly used in weather analysis and forecasting. The name evolved from the original name "T--gram" to describe the axes of temperature (T) and entropy () used to create the plot. Usually, temperature and dew point data from radiosondes are plotted on these diagrams to allow calculations of convective stability or convective available potential energy (CAPE). Wind barbs are often plotted at the side of a tephigram to indicate the winds at different heights.

Description 

The tephigram was invented by Napier Shaw in 1915 and is used primarily in the United Kingdom and Canada. Other countries use similar thermodynamic diagrams for the same purpose however the details of their construction vary. In the tephigram, isotherms are straight and have a 45 degree inclination to the right while isobars are horizontal and have a slight curve. Dry adiabats are also straight and have a 45 degree inclination to the left while moist adiabats are curved.

The main reason that tephigrams are used by the British Met Office, the  Meteorological Service of Canada, and Met Éireann (Irish Meteorological Service) is the property that areas contained by the curves have equal energies for equal areas, leading to better comparisons of CAPE and hence convective systems.

See also
 Thermodynamic diagrams
 Stüve diagram

Notes

References

Bibliography
 M.H.P. Ambaum, Thermal Physics of the Atmosphere, published by Wiley-Blackwell, April 16, 2010, 240 pages.  
 R.R. Rogers and M.K. Yau, Short Course in Cloud Physics, Third Edition, published by Butterworth-Heinemann, January 1, 1989, 304 pages.  
 J.V. Iribarne and W.L. Godson, Atmospheric Thermodynamics, 2nd Edition, published by D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 1981, 278 pages, ,

External links
 Department of Meteorology, University of Reading page about tephigrams including pdfs of blank printable colour and monochrome tephigrams.

Atmospheric thermodynamics
Polytechnic Institute of Lisbon. The Polytechnic Institute of Lisbon (IPL; Portuguese: Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa) is a public technical university in Lisbon, Portugal. Established in 1986, it is one of the biggest institutions of its kind in Portugal. The university offers bachelor's (licenciatura), master's (mestrado), and postgraduate (pós-graduação) degrees in the fields of engineering, business administration, health, education, communication, music, film and dance.

List of schools 
The Polytechnic Institute of Lisbon consists of 6 schools and 2 higher education institutes, all of them spread throughout Lisbon. The schools that compose IPL are the following:

ISEL - Lisbon School of Engineering 
The Lisbon School of Engineering (ISEL) is a prestigious public engineering school in Lisbon, Portugal. Founded in 1852, it is one of the oldest and most respected engineering institutions in the country. ISEL offers undergraduate and postgraduate programs in various engineering disciplines, including civil, mechanical, electrical, computer, and chemical engineering.

The school emphasizes practical, hands-on training alongside theoretical knowledge, fostering innovation and technical expertise. ISEL is well-regarded for its research initiatives and strong connections with the engineering industry.

ISCAL - Lisbon Accounting and Business School 
The Lisbon Accounting and Business School (ISCAL) is a renowned public institution in Lisbon specializing in business, accounting, and management education. ISCAL offers undergraduate and postgraduate programs in areas such as accounting, finance, management, and taxation.

Established in 1759, ISCAL is one of the oldest institutions of its kind in Portugal and is recognized for its emphasis on practical, industry-relevant training. It has strong ties with the business community, preparing students for successful careers in the corporate and financial sectors.

ESELx - Lisbon School of Education

ESCS - Lisbon School of Communication

ESTeSL - Lisbon School of Health Technology

ESTC - Lisbon Theatre and Film School

ESML - Lisbon School of Music

ESD - Lisbon School of Dance

See also

List of colleges and universities in Portugal
Higher education in Portugal

External links
Official website

Polytechnics in Portugal
Education in Lisbon
Educational institutions established in 1985
1985 establishments in Portugal
FES. FES or Fes may refer to:

Places 
 Fez, Morocco
 Fes railway station
 Festus Memorial Airport, in Missouri, United States
 Kingdom of Fes, now part of Morocco

Other uses 
 Fat embolism syndrome
 Feline sarcoma oncogene
 Flame emission spectroscopy, a form of atomic emission spectroscopy
 Front electric sustainer, an electric propulsion for gliders
 Flat Earth Society, creationist organisation
 Flywheel energy storage
 Frente de Estudiantes Sindicalistas, a former Spanish student group
 Friedrich Ebert Foundation (German: )
 , the special forces of the Mexican Navy
 Fulham Enterprise Studio, a school in London
 Functional electrical stimulation
 Guinness Foreign Extra Stout
 Iron(II) sulfide (FeS)
 Persona 3 FES, an add-on disk for Shin Megami Tensei: Persona 3
FES (from "Phantasm"), the stage name of Japanese singer and voice actress Yui Sakakibara
 FES, the stage name of Ayase Kishimoto, a character from Chaos;Head (voiced by Yui Sakakibara)
 Fes (That '70s Show), or Fez, a character on That '70s Show

See also 
 FE (disambiguation)
 Fez (disambiguation)
VVM. VVM may refer to:
Vaccine vial monitor, a label placed on vial vaccines which gives a visual indication of whether the vaccine has been kept at a temperature which preserves its potency
Veritas Volume Manager, a proprietary logical volume manager from Veritas
Vietnam Veterans Memorial, a monument in Washington D.C. honoring those who served in Vietnam
Village Voice Media
Visual voicemail, voicemail with a visual interface
V/Vm (born 1974), experimental music and sound collage project of James Kirby
Vidyarthi Vigyan Manthan, a national program for educating and popularizing science among school students of VI to XI standards
Vladimir Vladimirovich Myagdeev, Senior Developer, businessman, positive person, blockchain and decentralized technologies enthusiast
Vladimir Gorodetski. Vladimir Ivanovich Gorodetski  (1937) is a Russian  professor of computer science, Senior Researcher in Intelligent Systems Laboratory of the St. Petersburg Institute for Informatics and Automation of the Russian Academy of Science.

He graduated from the Military Air Force Engineer Academy in St. Petersburg (1960) and Mathematical and Mechanical Department of the St. Petersburg State University (1970), received his Ph.D. degree (1967) and Doctor of Technical Sciences degree (1973) in the area "Space Vehicle Optimal Control". Main publications (over 250) are related to the areas of multi-agent systems, optimal control system theory, orbital mechanics, applied statistics, planning, pattern recognition and artificial intelligence, knowledge discovery from databases, data and information fusion, digital image steganography, and computer network security.

References 

1937 births
Living people
Russian computer scientists
Artificial intelligence researchers
Scientists from Saint Petersburg
Curtiss XF14C. The Curtiss XF14C was an American naval fighter aircraft.  It was developed by Curtiss-Wright in response to a request by the United States Navy in 1941 to produce a new shipboard high-performance fighter aircraft.

Design and development
In 1941 the US Navy requested a better-performing carrier-based fighter plane, to be powered by the proposed high performance 24-cylinder liquid cooled Lycoming XH-2470 Hyper engine.  This was an unusual step for the Navy, which had been adamant to that time that all its aircraft use air-cooled radial engines.

On June 30, 1941 a contract for two prototype aircraft, designated the XF14C-1, was awarded to the Curtiss-Wright company. On the same date prototype development contracts were also awarded to Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation for the single-engine XF6F-1 and the twin engine XF7F-1, both of which would use air-cooled Pratt & Whitney R-2800 Double Wasp radial engines.

Early in the development the Navy requested better altitude performance and, in view of unsatisfactory progress in the development of the XH-2470 engine, Curtiss adapted the design of the aircraft around the new turbocharged Wright R-3350 Duplex-Cyclone air-cooled radial engine. The aircraft equipped with this eighteen-cylinder twin-row radial air-cooled engine and three bladed contra-rotating propellers was designated the XF14C-2. The XF14C-1 was canceled. Also, looking at the problems of operation at altitudes of about 40,000 feet (12,000 m), the Navy also initiated work on a third version with a pressurized cockpit designated the XF14C-3.

Ultimately, only the XF14C-2 prototype was completed, flying for the first time in July 1944. Moreover, disappointment with performance estimates and delays with the availability of the XR-3350-16 engine coupled with the evaporating tactical need for an extremely high-altitude fighter led to cancellation of the development.

Specifications (XF14C-2)

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

 Bowers, Peter M. Curtiss Aircraft, 1907–1947. London, UK: Putnam & Company Ltd., 1979. .
 Green, William. War Planes of the Second World War - Fighters, vol. 4. London, UK: MacDonald, 1961. .
 Green, William and Swanborough, Gordon. WW2 Aircraft Fact Files: US Navy and marine Corps Fighters. London, UK: Macdonald and Jane's Publishers Ltd., 1976. .

Curtiss FC14
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
F14C
Aircraft with contra-rotating propellers
Aircraft first flown in 1944
Inverted gull-wing aircraft
Aircraft with retractable conventional landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
James Lorne Gray. James Lorne Gray,  (March 2, 1913 – March 2, 1987) was a Canadian administrator and President of Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL) from 1958 to 1974.

Born in Brandon, Manitoba, he received a B. Eng in 1935 and a M.Sc. (Mech. Eng.) in 1938 from the University of Saskatchewan. In 1939, he was a lecturer in engineering at the University of Saskatchewan. During World War II, he served in the Royal Canadian Air Force achieving the rank of Wing Commander.

After the war from 1945 to 1946, he was associate director-general in the research and development division of the department of Reconstruction and Supply in Ottawa. From 1946 to 1948, he was with Montreal Armature Works Limited. In 1948, he was the scientific assistant to the President of the National Research Council of Canada (NRC). From 1949 to 1952, he was the Chief of Administration for the NRC Chalk River project. In 1952, he joined AECL as a General Manager, became a Vice-President in 1954, and became President in 1958, retiring in 1974.

In 1969, he was made a Companion of the Order of Canada. He was awarded honorary degrees from the University of British Columbia and the University of Saskatchewan.

References
 

1913 births
1987 deaths
20th-century Canadian civil servants
Companions of the Order of Canada
Royal Canadian Air Force officers
People from Brandon, Manitoba
University of Saskatchewan alumni
Site diversity. Site diversity is one of six techniques used to improve the reliability of satellite communications by limit atmospheric effects, particularly those caused by rain fade. A diversity scheme is typically required when using frequencies in the Ka, V, or W-band. The downlink transmissions of satellites cover very large areas, that will have different weather. The site diversity technique consists of linking two or more ground stations receiving the same signal: this way, if the signal is heavily attenuated in one area, another ground stations can compensate it. These intense rain areas, for example, supercells, often have a horizontal length of no more than a few kilometers: putting the ground stations at a sufficient distance the possibility of rain fade in the downlink signal will be reduced.

The configuration works when the attenuation is not great at the two stations simultaneously.  This is usually a valid assumption.  Site diversity systems have been known to minimize disruption of service by major satellite carriers.

See also
Diversity scheme
Diversity combining

References

Satellite television
Laser Pico. The Laser Pico dinghy is a small sailboat designed by Jo Richards in the mid-1990s and used primarily for training and day sailing. It can be crewed by one or two children or an adult. Current models come equipped with both a mainsail and a jib, the jib however mainly functions as a training tool and provides little to no contribution to speed. The Pico functions mainly as a training boat for younger children because of its very durable nature and has little to no racing events dedicated to it.

The hull is of thermoplastic sandwich construction, providing strength, stiffness, and built-in buoyancy.  The cockpit is self-draining.  The boat comes equipped with an aluminium two-piece mast, an aluminium boom, and a lifting rudder. A sport version is available which includes a battened Mylar sail and upgraded running rigging. The Ocean Play manufactured Pico uses a vertical battened dacron sail as standard. 

Laser Performance used to be the manufacturer of the Pico, and sold over 15,000 of these boats, but stopped supplying in 2022. The RS Marine Group under the brand name Ocean Play now supplies the Pico. Ocean Play was founded in 2022 after Jo Richards (designer of the four boats) approached RS to take up the production challenge. Besides the Pico, Ocean Play also produces other products that were originally sold by Laser Performance.

The first UK National championships were held on 27–29 May 2006 at Gurnard Sailing Club on the Isle of Wight, the Pico's spiritual home. Gurnard also hosted the 2007 event, while in 2008 the Pico nationals were held at Thorpe Bay Yacht Club.

The Laser Pico has no active Class Association with the last remnants of the website being removed in 2013.

Specifications
Length: 
Beam: 
Hull weight: 
Mainsail: 
Sport mainsail: 
Jib: 
RYA Portsmouth Yardstick: 1330
D-PN: 104.6

References

External links
Laser Pico
Class Association

Dinghies
1990s sailboat type designs
Sailboat type designs by Jo Richards-
Sailboat types built by LaserPerformance
Carl Kesselman. Carl Kesselman is an American computer scientist specializing in grid computing technologies.
This term was developed by him and professor Ian Foster in the book The Grid: Blueprint for a New Computing Infrastructure. He and Foster are winners of the British Computer Society's Lovelace Medal for their grid work.
He is institute fellow at the University of Southern California's Information Sciences Institute and a professor in the Epstein Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, at the University of Southern California.

Kesselman co-led the Globus Toolkit project, core technologies for computational grid systems in the areas of resource location, resource allocation, computer security, data communication, and data access. 
He described a Globus testbed called GUSTO in 1997.

He was elected as an ACM Fellow in 2017 and was awarded (with Ian Foster) the IEEE Computer Society Harry H Goode Memorial Award (2020) and IEEE Internet Award (2023).

He received a PhD in computer science from UCLA in 1991.

External links
 Personal web page
 The Grid: Blueprint for a New Computing Infrastructure Link just links to the old Globus website

References

University of Southern California faculty
Living people
2017 fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Year of birth missing (living people)
Cost estimation in software engineering. Cost estimation in software engineering is typically concerned with the financial spend on the effort to develop and test the software, this can also include requirements review, maintenance, training, managing and buying extra equipment, servers and software. Many methods have been developed for estimating software costs for a given project.

Methods 
Methods for estimation in software engineering include these principles:
Analysis effort method
Parametric Estimating
The Planning Game (from Extreme Programming)
ITK method, also known as Method CETIN
Proxy-based estimating (PROBE) (from the Personal Software Process)
Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)
Putnam model, also known as SLIM
PRICE Systems Founders of Commercial Parametric models that estimates the scope, cost, effort and schedule for software projects.
SEER-SEM Parametric Estimation of Effort, Schedule, Cost, Risk.  Minimum time and staffing concepts based on Brooks's law
The Use Case Points method (UCP)
Weighted Micro Function Points (WMFP)
Wideband Delphi

Most cost software development estimation techniques involve estimating or measuring software size first and then applying some knowledge of historical of cost per unit of size.  Software size is typically sized in SLOC, Function Point or Agile story points.

See also
 Software development effort estimation
 Software metric
 Project management
 Cost overrun
 Risk
 Comparison of development estimation software

External links
 Software Estimation chapter from O'Reilly, Applied Software Project Management
 Estimating With Use Case Points from Methods & Tools
 Definition of Use Case Points method (UCP)
 Roy K. Clemmons, Project Estimation With Use Case Points
 Estimating techniques throughout the SDLC
IndUS Aviation. 

IndUS Aviation was American light aircraft manufacturer founded in 1994 that was headquartered in Dallas, Texas at the Dallas Executive Airport.  While it was in business the company manufactured variants of the Thorp T-211 and the T-111, originally designed by John Thorp. Sub-assembly and component manufacturing was contracted out to the Indian company Taneja Aerospace & Aviation with final assembly at the company's Dallas factory.

IndUS Aviation was developing an improved version of the Thorp T-211 which they called the Thorpedo LP.

By February 2010 the company had 28 aircraft delivered and registered with the FAA, including one T-11 Sky Skooter and 27 T-211s.

In March 2010, due to the Great Recession, the company entered a reorganization. By March 2017 the company reorganization was still indicated as underway. By mid-2017 the company website had been blanked and the company was likely no longer in business.

Products

SkySkooter (T-111)
The SkySkooter is based on the T-111 with an  Jabiru 2200 engine and is accepted as a light-sport aircraft. 
Thorpedo (T211)
The Thorpedo is based on the Thorp T211 with a lighter  Jabiru 3300 engine and it is accepted as a light-sport aircraft. 
Certified T211
This aircraft is an FAA certified Thorp T211, similar to the original model and has a  Continental O-200A engine. It is available in two variants, one with VFR avionics and another with IFR equipment.
Thorpedo DP
A prototype diesel-powered variant of the T-211 was produced in 2008, it is fitted with a WAM 120 two-stroke inverted diesel engine.

See also
List of aircraft manufacturers

References

External links

IndUS Aviation website archives on Archive.org

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the United States
Companies based in Dallas
American companies established in 1994
American companies disestablished in 2017
Aft-crossing trajectory. In 2005, a new trajectory that an air-launched rocket could take to put satellites into orbit was tested. Until this time, launch vehicles such as the Pegasus rocket, or rocket planes such as the X-1, X-15, or SpaceShipOne, which were carried under an aircraft pointing in the same direction as the fuselage, would have their engines ignited either just before being air-dropped or a few seconds afterward. They would then be expected to accelerate and climb in front of the carrier aircraft, crossing its flight path. This was considered dangerous due to the potential for a crashes between the rocket and the launch vehicle. 

The aft-crossing trajectory is an alternate flight path for a rocket. The rocket's rotation (induced by the deployment from the aircraft) is slowed by a small parachute attached to its tail, then ignited once the carrier aircraft has passed it.  It is ignited before it is pointing fully vertically, however it will turn to do so, and accelerates to pass behind the carrier aircraft. 

The principal advantage of this method is its safety for the crew of the carrier aircraft.

See also 
 AirLaunch LLC
 t/Space

References

 Aviation Week & Space Technology June 27, 2005, page 32.
 

Spaceflight