omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
River Lee Country Park. The River Lee Country Park is located in the Lee Valley Park and is managed by the Lee Valley Regional Park Authority. Covering  on either side of the River Lee Navigation between Waltham Abbey and Broxbourne, it is an area of lakes, watercourses, open spaces and three Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) linked by footpaths and cycle tracks.

The site straddles the Hertfordshire/Essex boundary.

History 
Since the 1930s the area which was originally part of the River Lea flood plain has been the centre of the sand and gravel industry, as a result there are many mature gravel pits. Some of the lakes were used for land fill purposes. In a joint effort by the St Albans Sand and Gravel Co Ltd and the Lee Valley Regional Park Authority the area has been transformed, with much of the park a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI)

Olympics 2012 

The park at the Showground site, Highbridge Street A121, Waltham Cross was the chosen venue for the 2012 Olympics canoeing events. The site is now known as the Lee Valley White Water Centre.

Watercourses 

 Cornmill Stream, flows from the Lea at Fishers Green to rejoin the Lea at Waltham Abbey.
 Millhead Stream, flows through the former Royal Gunpowder Mills at Waltham Abbey.
 River Lea
 River Lee Flood Relief Channel, the Channel incorporates the former Horsemill Stream close to Waltham Abbey.
 River Lee Navigation
 Small River Lea

Lakes 
The following are some of the larger waters that can be visited in the park. Some of them form the Turnford and Cheshunt Pits SSSI. 

 Bowyers Water. Believed to be hand dug in the 1920s, and one of the oldest lakes in the Lee Valley.
 Cheshunt Lake. Home of the Herts Young Mariners.  
 Friday Lake  A carp fishery. 
 Hall Marsh Scrape. The lake was specifically constructed for the use by wildfowl. 
 Holyfield Lake. The  lake incorporates part of the River Lee Flood Relief Channel. 
 Hooks Marsh Lake The over- wintering bittern can be found here between December and March. 
 North Metropolitan. Better known as North Met Pit. Due to the many islands and inlets, the lake has an estimated shoreline of . 
  Seventy Acres Lake. The bittern and the otter can be seen here. 
 Turnford Pits. Small relics of unimproved grassland that preceded gravel extraction can be found adjacent to the lakes.

Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) 
The park contains three SSSIs;

 Cornmill Stream and Old River Lea
 Turnford and Cheshunt Pits
 Waltham Abbey SSSI

References

Country parks in Essex
Country parks in Hertfordshire
Lee Valley Park
Intel graphics. Intel graphics may refer to:

Intel740, a graphics processing unit released in 1998
Intel Extreme Graphics, a series of integrated graphics released from 2002 to 2003
Intel Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA), a series of integrated graphics released from 2005 to 2008
Larrabee (microarchitecture), the code name for an unreleased Intel graphics processing unit
Intel HD and Iris Graphics, a series of processor-based graphics first released in 2010
Intel Arc, a series of discrete graphics processing units first released in 2022
A table of all Intel graphics processing units and integrated graphics released since the Intel740
SA de Transport Aérien. S.A. de Transport Aérien (SATA) — also known as S.A. de Transport Aérien Genève — was a Swiss airline founded in June 1966, with its head office on the property of Geneva Airport, and with its base in Geneva. It started as an air-taxi operator and evolved to passenger and cargo charters to points in Europe, the US, South America and the Caribbean. It terminated its activities in 1978.

Fleet 

SATA's fleet included these aircraft in 1978

 1 Cessna 172
 1 Cessna 421
 1 Pilatus PC-6
 2 Douglas DC-8
 3 Sud Aviation Caravelle

Incidents and accidents
SATA had two major incidents with its aircraft:
On July 17, 1973, while landing at Tromsø/Langnes Airport in Norway, a	Convair CV-640 landed heavily, bounced, and landed back nose-down, resting 15m short of the runway end. 
On December 18, 1977, SA de Transport Aérien Flight 730 a Sud Aviation SE-210 Caravelle 10R crashed into the sea while on final approach to Funchal Airport in Portugal, killing 36.

Literature 
 Charles Jacquat: Le goût du risque. Editions A. Barthelemy, Genf 1982.

References

External links
Aviation Safety Network
Le site des pionniers de l’aéronautique à Genève

 
Defunct airlines of Switzerland
Airlines established in 1966
Airlines disestablished in 1978
Swiss companies established in 1966
Swiss companies disestablished in 1978
PV Crystalox Solar. PV Crystalox Solar plc is a supplier to solar cell manufacturers, producing multicrystalline silicon wafers for use in solar electricity generation systems. It has operations in Germany, United Kingdom and Japan and its headquarters are in the United Kingdom. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and was a former constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.

History 
Crystalox was established as a private limited company in 1982 in the town of Wantage in Oxfordshire specialising in the design and manufacture of equipment for purification and crystal growth of metals, alloys, semiconductors and electro-optic materials. In 1990 the company started development of industrial production systems for directional solidification of multicrystalline silicon for the solar cell industry.

In 1994, there was a management buy-out by 6 senior managers. 1997 saw the incorporation of PV Silicon AG in Erfurt, Germany, a specialist silicon wafer producer. A strategic partnership was formed between Crystalox and PV Silicon in 1999, which progressed to the merging of the two companies in 2002 and the incorporation of PV Crystalox AG. In 2006, the decision was taken to build a silicon production plant in Germany.

In June 2007, the company made its debut on the London Stock Exchange to raise additional funds for in-house silicon production and to further expand its international business. Between September 2007 and March 2010  the group was a constituent of the FTSE 250 index.

Technology and products 
The company's industrial focus comprises the production of the polysilicon raw material at its factory in Bitterfeld in Germany, melting and crystallization of the silicon to form ingots at various sites around Abingdon in the UK, and converting the ingots into thin multicrystalline silicon wafers internally at the company's facility in Erfurt in Germany and externally at subcontractors in Japan.

These wafers are then sold to companies in the photovoltaics industry, where they are transformed into solar cells using semiconductor processing technology, linked together in strings and laminated between glass and plastic sheets to form durable modules.

References

External links 
 Official site

Companies listed on the London Stock Exchange
Companies established in 1982
Companies based in Oxfordshire
Engineering companies of the United Kingdom
Silicon wafer producers
Solar energy companies of the United Kingdom
Photovoltaics manufacturers
1982 establishments in England
British brands
Discrete event dynamic system. In control engineering, a discrete-event dynamic system (DEDS) is a discrete-state, event-driven system of which the state evolution depends entirely on the occurrence of asynchronous discrete events over time. Although similar to continuous-variable dynamic systems (CVDS), DEDS consists solely of discrete state spaces and event-driven state transition mechanisms.

Topics in DEDS include:

 Automata theory
 Supervisory control theory
 Petri net theory
 Discrete event system specification
 Boolean differential calculus
 Markov chain
 Queueing theory
 Discrete-event simulation
 Concurrent estimation

References
 
 
 

Control theory
City and Brixton Railway. The City and Brixton Railway (C&BR) was an authorised underground railway line in London planned to run from King William Street in the City of London under the River Thames to Brixton via The Borough, Lambeth and The Oval. The company was unable to raise funds and the railway was never constructed.

Plans

In November 1897, notice was published of a private parliamentary bill for an underground railway from the City of London to Brixton. The C&BR plan would have partially utilised the soon-to-be-abandoned tunnels of the City and South London Railway (C&SLR, now the Bank branch of the Northern line) between its northern terminus at King William Street and a point north of Borough station. The C&SLR was planning a new northern extension to Moorgate and was going to close the poorly sited King William Street station and sections of its two running tunnels under the River Thames, replacing them with a new pair of tunnels on a better alignment.

The C&BR's plan was to use the C&SLR's tunnels to a point just south of a new station at London Bridge (in direct competition with a station planned there by the C&SLR).  South of the C&BR's London Bridge station, the C&BR's route was planned to run in new tunnels parallel with the C&SLR past Borough station, but without a station there.  The line was then to diverge westwards to provide stations at St George's Circus and Lambeth Road, then south to Kennington Cross, before reaching an interchange at The Oval with the C&SLR.  The line would then have headed south with a station at Lorn Road before reaching its destination at Brixton. The proposals received royal assent on 1 July 1898 as the  (61 & 62 Vict. c. lx).

The details of the route north of London Bridge changed over the course of the next ten years, as did the financial arrangements with the C&SLR. In 1898, the depot was planned to be adjacent to New Camberwell Road just south of the Oval station but this was removed in 1899 from the plans and replaced with a plan for a link to the C&SLR's depot at Stockwell.

Despite a series of new bills to revise the scheme, the C&BR was never able to raise enough finance to start construction. In 1902, two bills were presented to Parliament for the complete or partial abandonment of the railway. Both were dropped before completing their passage through Parliament. Instead, in 1902, the C&SLR took over the company with the intention of modifying the plans but the powers remained unused and eventually lapsed. It was not until almost 70 years later that the Underground reached Brixton with the opening of the final section of the Victoria line in 1971.

Notes

References
 
 

Transport in the City of London
Transport in the London Borough of Southwark
Transport in the London Borough of Lambeth
Abandoned underground railway projects in London
Railway companies established in 1898
Railway companies disestablished in 1902
British companies established in 1898
William L. Brogan. William L. Brogan is an American control theorist and a Professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. He is well known as the author of the book Modern Control Theory, one of the highly cited references in the field. He was made a Fellow of the IEEE in 1989 for "contributions to filtering and control theory, its implementation in practical applications, and for related educational programs". He received his B.S.M.E degree from the State University of Iowa in 1958. He earned an M.S. and Ph.D. in engineering from UCLA in 1961 and 1965, respectively.

References

American control theorists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Cahnite. Cahnite (Cahnit in German, Cahnita in Spanish, Канит in Russian) is a brittle white or colorless mineral that has perfect cleavage and is usually transparent.  It usually forms tetragonal-shaped crystals and it has a hardness of 3 mohs.  Cahnite was discovered in the year 1921.  It was named Cahnite to honor Lazard Cahn (1865–1940), who was a mineral collector and dealer. It is usually found in the Franklin Mine, in Franklin, New Jersey,  but has also been found in Japan as well as in the Vallerano quarries in Rome, Italy. The geological environment that it occurs in is in pegmatites cutting a changed zinc orebody.
The chemical formula for cahnite is Ca2B[AsO4](OH)4. It is made up of 26.91% calcium, 3.63% boron, 25.15% arsenic, 1.35% hydrogen, and 42.96% oxygen.  It has a molecular weight of 297.91 grams. Cahnite is not radioactive. Cahnite is associated with these other minerals: willemite, rhodonite, pyrochroite, hedyphane, datolite, and baryte.

References

Arsenate minerals
Calcium minerals
Borate minerals
Tetragonal minerals
Minerals in space group 82
Minerals described in 1921
Louis Friedman. Louis Dill Friedman (born July 7, 1941) is an American astronautics engineer and space spokesperson. He was born in New York and raised in the Bronx.  Dr. Friedman was a co-founder of The Planetary Society with Carl Sagan and Bruce C. Murray.

Education and career

In 1961, he earned his Bachelor of Science in applied mathematics and engineering physics at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. In 1963, he graduated at Cornell University with a Masters of Science in engineering mechanics. In 1971, he graduated with a Ph.D. from the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with a thesis entitled, Extracting Scientific Information from Spacecraft Tracking Data.

He worked for AVCO Space Systems Division from 1963 to 1968. From 1970 through 1980, he was with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) leading the Advanced Planetary Studies and the post-Viking Mars Program.  Other projects at the JPL include Mariner-Venus-Mercury, Planetary Grand Tour (Voyager), Venus Orbital Imaging Radar (Magellan probe), Halley's Comet Rendezvous-Solar Sail, and the Mars Program.

Projects, Print, and Speeches

 Human spaceflight  : from Mars to the stars. Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson 2015, .
Star Sailing: Solar Sails and Interstellar Flight, Louis Friedman, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1988, , 146 pgs.
Project Director of the Solar Sail mission by The Planetary Society and Cosmos Studies: Cosmos I
Part of the technical team on the Mars Balloon and Mars Rover for The Planetary Society
Asked to participate in both Congressional and Administrative reviews for American and Russian space missions
2004 Congressional Hearings on Space: United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation – NASA Future Space Mission 
”Think Bigger About Mars” Louis Friedman, June 27, 2000
”A Space Nerd Responds” Louis Friedman, August 13, 2007
”Where will the Next 50 Years in Space Take Us? Expert Opinions” Popular Mechanics, September 2007

Associations

The Planetary Society – Executive Director and author of World Watch in the Planetary Report
Sigma Xi
American Astronautical Society
Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics – Congressional Fellow 1978-79

References

Living people
Cornell University College of Engineering alumni
University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Engineering alumni
American aerospace engineers
People from the Bronx
1941 births
MIT School of Engineering alumni
Engineers from New York (state)
American planetary scientists
Barsoi. Barsoi is a town and nagar panchayat which serves headquarters of a subdivision in Katihar district in the state of Bihar, India.
It is an important railway junction under Katihar division Northeast Frontier Railway zone of Indian Railways.

Barsoi Junction connects four routes as in the north Siliguri Junction on broad gauge and New Jalpaiguri Junction on broad gauge, on broad gauges Radhikapur near Bangladesh border on east and Katihar Junction on west and on south Kumedpur Junction railway station, Kolkata.It is one of the biggest railway junction of NFR.

Divisions 
Barsoi subdivision is divided into four community development blocks: Kadwa, Azamnagar, Barsoi and Balrampur.

See also
	
 Barsoi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)

References 

Cities and towns in Katihar district
Pierre-Émile Martin. Pierre-Émile Martin (; 18 August 1824, Bourges, Cher – 23 May 1915, Fourchambault)  was a French industrial engineer. He applied the principle of recovery of the hot gas in an open hearth furnace, a process invented by Carl Wilhelm Siemens.

In 1865, based on the Siemens process, he implemented the process which bears his name for producing steel in a hearth by remelting scrap steel with the addition of cast iron for the  dilution of impurities.

His work earned him the award of the Bessemer Gold Medal of the Iron and Steel Institute in 1915 and of the French nation (knight in 1878 then Officer of the Legion of Honour in 1910).

Martin steel
The metal obtained using Martin's process has been called Martin steel. This steel contain much less impurities than those produced in the Bessemer converter, and its composition much better controlled. The development of the process made it possible to use scrap steel and cast iron and to produce steel with a reputation for being of better quality than Bessemer steel. On the other hand, the process takes longer and the production costs are consequently higher. The invention was tested and implemented at the Sireuil foundry in Charente. The product was awarded a Gold Medal at the Paris Exhibition of 1867.

Martin-Siemens Process

The process of refining steel in a hearth, as developed by Pierre-Émile Martin, consists of smelting a mixture of cast iron and scrap or ore, then refining it by decarburization, desulfurization and dephosphorization. This method makes it possible to produce fine and alloy steels by adding noble elements.

The process employs a gas-heated reverberatory furnace with recovery of the heat from the flue gases as in the Siemens system.

References

 
 Article includes content from the equivalent article in French Wikipedia

1824 births
1915 deaths
People from Bourges
French engineers
People of the Industrial Revolution
Bessemer Gold Medal
19th-century French businesspeople
Sigma3. SIGMA 3 (North Sea) Ltd was a joint venture between Wood Group Engineering (North Sea), AMEC, and PSN (formerly KBR, a Halliburton Company) set up as the Integrated Services Contractor on behalf of Shell Expro in the North Sea. The company was established in October 2001 (under the name Offshore Integrated Services Ltd), and dissolved in March 2018.

References 

North Sea energy
Torre Fundadores. Torre Fundadores (now known as The Ivy) was a planned project for a construction of the tallest skyscraper in Monterrey, Mexico. Even though the location and height of the tower were already planned and drafted, the project was never implemented (due to non-approval of the local authorities).

Interesting Facts

 Torre Fundadores (now The Ivy) will actually be a pair of towers arising from a common base building. The shorter tower was planned in a standard, rectangular efficient shape (office towers). 
 The taller tower was more architecturally unique, appearing as a twisted tower narrowing toward the top.  The design does not call for significant spires or antennae. The building would contain  of office space class AAA and  of retail space.
 The remainder will consist of 236 luxury residences and a boutique hotel composed of over 150 rooms. The tower will also feature an underground parking garage with a capacity of 2,000 vehicles.
 The project was never complete, even though it was estimated to be the tallest building in the area, and it was estimated to take 3 years to construct. The main contractor was never mentioned, but the developer is known to be Orange Investments, a company that specializes in business- and financial strategies of real estate. 
 The location was set at the upscale Valle Oriente sector.
 When complete, it will be the tallest building in the Monterrey area and, depending upon exact final height and definition being used, could challenge the Torre Bicentenario as the tallest building in Mexico. Torre Fundadores will be a mixed-use project, providing retail, commercial office, hotel and residential space.  While detailed plans for the edifice exist, the project has yet to be approved by local authorities.

 Interestingly, there is also a Hospital in Medellín, Colombia, under the same name as the Torre Fundadores.

References

External links
 Orange Investments official website

Unbuilt buildings and structures in Mexico
Skyscrapers in Mexico
AIS-SART. An AIS-SART is a self-contained radio device used to locate a survival craft or distressed vessel by sending updated position reports using a standard Automatic Identification System (AIS) class-A position report. The position and time synchronization of the AIS-SART are derived from a built in GNSS receiver (e.g. GPS).
Shipboard Global Maritime Distress Safety System (GMDSS) installations include one or more search and rescue locating devices. These devices may be either an AIS-SART (AIS Search and Rescue Transmitter) (from January 1, 2010), or a radar-SART (Search and Rescue Transponder).

The AIS-SART derives position and time synchronization from a built in GNSS receiver. Once per minute, the position is sent as a series of eight identical position report messages (four on 161.975 MHz and four on 162.025 MHz). This scheme creates a high probability that at least one of the messages is sent on the highest point of a wave.

AIS SARTs are typically cylindrical and brightly colored. A typical model is 251mm (about 10 inches) high and weighs 450g (about a pound). 

The specification (IEC 61097-14 Ed 1.0) for AIS-SART was developed by the IEC's TC80 AIS work group. AIS-SART was added to the GMDSS regulations effective January 1, 2010.

See also

 Emergency Position-Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB)
 Civil Air Patrol (US Air Force Auxiliary)
 Long-Range Identification and Tracking (LRIT)
 Marine VHF radio
 Automatic Identification System
 Global Maritime Distress Safety System

References

Maritime communication
Emergency communication
Rescue equipment
Karl Arnstein. Karl Arnstein (March 24, 1887, Prague – December 12, 1974, Bryan, Ohio) was one of the most important 20th century airship engineers and designers in Germany and the United States of America. He was born in Prague, Bohemia (now the Czech Republic) to Jewish parents. He developed stress analysis methods that have been incorporated into bridges, airships and airplane materials. Before his involvement in airships he was one of the main engineers in building the Swiss Langwieser Viaduct.

In World War I Arnstein worked on improvements to the design of the German Zeppelin airships; see Zeppelin. He was the chief designer of the U.S. Navy airships, USS Akron and USS Macon, and was employed by the Goodyear-Zeppelin Corporation in Akron Ohio. He also designed one of the largest airship sheds in the US for sheltering huge Zeppelins.

References

External links 
 Finding aid for the Karl Arnstein Papers
 Dale Topping, Eric Brothers, When Giants Roamed the Sky - Karl Arnstein and the Rise of Airships from Zeppelin to Goodyear University of Akron Press, 2000

1887 births
1974 deaths
20th-century American Jews
Engineers from Prague
20th-century German engineers
American aerospace engineers
German people of Czech-Jewish descent
Emigrants from Austria-Hungary
Immigrants to the German Empire
Immigrants to the United States
20th-century American engineers