omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Avoiding Mass Extinctions Engine. Avoiding Mass Extinctions Engine (abbreviated AMEE) was an environmental data company which provides a free public database of companies' environmental and financial performances. It also offered a paid analytics service to help businesses identify risk in their supply chains.

Overview 

AMEE created an individual company profile for every business and organisation in the UK (over 3.6 million in total). Profiles are pre-filled with a range of financial and environmental data, including annual turnover, number of employees and annual carbon emissions.

AMEE's data comes from a variety of sources. Where a company has not publicly declared its carbon emissions AMEE models its emissions with a series of algorithms. The models make use of data elements such as number of employees, type of business and geographical location.

Companies are then ranked against industry peers based on their AMEE Score.

All the data displayed on amee.com is free of charge and publicly available. Companies are free to edit and update the data that is displayed on amee.com. By reporting their environmental performance on amee.com companies demonstrate their commitment to transparency and to reducing carbon emissions throughout the supply chain.

AMEE Score 

The AMEE Score is a business efficiency metric that rates environmental impact in terms of annual carbon emissions relative to revenue, expressed as a 1–100 score. It helps enable direct comparison of the environmental efficiency of companies within the same industry sector, based on the UK 2007 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC).

Background 

AMEE was initially developed as a software project in 2005 by UK company Dgen and founder Gavin Starks. It enabled any climate campaign to use a common standard for Carbon-Footprint Profiling and Measurement. From 2007 AMEE was used for the UK Government's carbon calculator for its "Act on CO2" campaign against global warming.

AMEE UK Limited was created in 2008 and then raised venture capital funding. In 2010 it secured $5.5m series B financing from Amadeus Capital Partners in addition to existing investors O’Reilly AlphaTech Ventures and Union Square Ventures.

In 2012 AMEE focused its work on estimating the carbon emissions for every business and organisation in the UK. It also began working with large organisations such as the UK Government Procurement Service to identify and manage risk in their supply chains.

AMEE was acquired in 2015 by PredictX.

References

External links 
 AMEE

Companies based in the City of Westminster
British companies established in 2008
2008 establishments in England
Service-oriented device architecture. The purpose of service-oriented device architecture (SODA) is to enable devices to be connected to a service-oriented architecture (SOA). Currently, developers connect enterprise services to an enterprise service bus (ESB) using the various web service standards that have evolved since the advent of XML in 1998. With SODA, developers are able to connect devices to the ESB and users can access devices in exactly the same manner that they would access any other web service.

External links 
 Service Oriented Device Architecture, IEEE Pervasive Computing September 2006
 Presentation at EclipseCon 2007

Service-oriented (business computing)
Bolesław Szymański. Bolesław Karol Szymański (born 22 April 1950 in Pasłęk) is the Claire and Roland Schmitt Distinguished Professor at the Department of Computer Science and the Founding Head of the Center for Network Science and Technology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. He is known for multiple contributions to computer science, including Szymański's algorithm.

Current Work
Szymański is the Director of the Social Cognitive Networks Academic Research Center, which studies the fundamentals of social and cognitive network science;  the center is a part of the Network Science Collaborative Technology Alliance funded by the United States Army. He is also the Principal Investigator in the International Technology Alliance.  His projects include dynamic processes on networks, hidden groups in social networks, sensor network protocols and algorithms, and large-scale parallel and distributed computing and simulation.  He received ITA Distinguished Service Award in 2007. Szymański is also one of the Principals in the MilkyWay@home project that seeks to model the streams of stars in the Milky Way Galaxy that were pulled from nearby galaxies (e.g. Saggitarius). Szymański was also a visiting professor at University of Pennsylvania, Stanford University, and Wrocław University of Technology and a member of the Kosciuszko Foundation Collegium of Eminent Scientists of Polish Origin and Ancestry.

Current Positions
His current positions (Jan 2011) are :
Claire and Roland W. Schmitt Distinguished Professor] of Computer Science
Director, Social Cognitive Networks Academic Research Center
Director, the Rensselaer Center for Network Science and Technology (NEST)
Foreign Member, Polish Academy of Sciences
Editor-in-Chief, Scientific Programming
Editorial Board, Scalable Computing: Practice and Experience
Editorial Board, Computing and Informatics
Editorial Board, Computer Science (journal)

Education
In 1968, Szymański won Gold Medal at the X International Mathematical Olympiad in Moscow, USSR. He received his Ph.D. in computer science from Institute of Informatics of PAN, Warsaw in 1976. He pursued an academic career at Warsaw University of Technology, University of Aberdeen, and University of Pennsylvania. He has been with Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy. NY, since 1985. In 1999, Szymański was elected an IEEE Fellow for his contributions to parallel computing and distributed computing and in 2003 he received the Wiley Distinguished Faculty Award. In 2007, Szymański received the Claire and Roland W. Schmitt Distinguished Professorship at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. In 2009, Szymański received the Wilkes Award and Medal for the best paper published in volume 52 of Computer Journal. Also, in 2009, he was elected a foreign member of the Polish Academy of Sciences and joined Division IV of Technical Sciences there.

References

External links 
Home page
Profile at SCOREC (Scientific Computation Research Center)
MilkyWay@home Project
Social Cognitive Network Academic Research Center 

Living people
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute faculty
Fellows of the IEEE
1950 births
Polish emigrants to the United States
People from Pasłęk
Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation. The Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) is an organization for advancing the development, and safe and effective use of medical technology founded in 1965 by Robert D. Hall Jr.  and Robert J. Allen, President and Vice President respectively of Tech/Reps, Inc. (a medical Instrumentation marketing firm in Needham, Massachusetts). AAMI was created by the Tech/Reps' team as both a vehicle to help their clients introduce innovative medical devices into common medical practice and to set safety standards in both their design and usage.  Dr. John Merrill of Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, and John Abele, Sales Manager of Advanced Instruments, Inc. joined with Hall and Allen to establish AAMI. Among the first members were Doctors Paul Dudley White, Michael Debakey, Adrian Kantrowitz, and the US Surgeon General. AAMI members now include decision makers in the medical technology profession—clinical engineers, biomedical equipment technicians, manufacturers, sterile processing professionals, researchers, quality assurance and regulatory affairs experts, and other healthcare technology management professionals. In 1966, AAMI was introduced to the  public at large through MEDAC 66 (Medical Equipment Display and Conference) held in Boston at which Drs. Debakey and Kantrowitz introduced the world's first artificial hearts and debated the merits of each.

More than 7,000 individuals, hospitals, and medical device manufacturers are members of AAMI.

Focus 
Committees of manufacturers, healthcare professionals, regulators, scientists, academics, and other interested parties research and develop new or revise existing recommended practices and standards that address the use, care, and processing of performance requirements to be met by medical devices and technology.

AAMI is a voluntary organization, and although its recommended practices and standards sometimes echo other healthcare guidelines, compliance with these standards is not necessarily required by regulatory organizations that inspect healthcare facilities.

Events Held by AAMI 

 AAMI Annual Conference & Expo
 AAMI Standards Week
 AAMI/FDA International Conference on Medical Device Standards and Regulation

References

External links 

Medical and health organizations based in Virginia
United Helicopters. United Helicopters was formed in 1945 as a joint venture between American helicopter poineer Stanley Hiller and American industrialist Henry Kaiser. The company made a very wide range of helicopters, including the world's first successful two-seat co-axial helicopter and several single-seater "commuter" helicopters.

The company was also notable for making military helicopters, however, including the UH-12/H-23. While Bell Helicopter's notable UH-1 contains the United Helicopter prefix "UH", it actually competed directly against United's "Ten99" and UH in that case was its military designation and not the Bell's designation.

The company became Hiller Aircraft in 1948. The Hiller Aviation Museum has several United Helicopter prototype helicopters available for display.

References 

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the United States
Defunct helicopter manufacturers of the United States
Messerschmitt Me 509. The Messerschmitt Me 509 was an all-metal fighter project, underway in Germany during World War II.

Development
Not much information about this project has survived. It was based on the Me 309 but with the engine located behind a pressurized cockpit, much in a similar manner to the US Bell P-39 Airacobra.

The engine was a Daimler-Benz DB 605B driving a three-blade propeller, and armament was to consist of two 13 mm (.51 in) MG 131 machine guns and two 20 mm MG 151/20 cannon. The tricycle landing gear from the Me 309 was retained, which worked better on the 509, due to the lower weight on the nosewheel - the Me 309's nosegear had collapsed during trials. The smaller nose would have improved visibility. The project was cancelled along with the Me 309, but the Japanese made a similar aircraft, the Yokosuka R2Y Keiun, which suffered from engine overheating.

Specifications (as designed)

See also

References

External links

Me 509 Model

Me 509
Abandoned military aircraft projects of Germany
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Tadeusz Zagajewski. Tadeusz Zagajewski (16 December 1912, in Lwów – 28 September 2010) was a Polish electronic engineer, professor (since 1954) and honoris causa of Silesian University of Technology.  He was a member of the Polish Academy of Sciences (corresponding member since 1960; full member since 1976), and honorable member of Polish Society of Theoretical and Applied Electrical Engineering. He is the author of works mainly about electrical network theory.

Notes

References
 
 

1912 births
2010 deaths
Polish electronics engineers
Members of the Polish Academy of Sciences
Engineers from Lviv
Recipients of the Order of Polonia Restituta (1944–1989)
Recipients of the Medal of the 10th Anniversary of the People's Republic of Poland
Tub boat lift. A tub boat lift is a type of boat lift designed to lift tub boats between different elevations of a canal. Tub boats are small boats used to transport coal and other minerals, sometimes working singly, sometimes in long trains. A tub boat lift () lifts the boat out of the water. Most other types of boat lift such as locks or inclined planes are designed to move the boat afloat in some kind of water-filled tank, and, apart from maximum dimensions, are not restricted in the type of craft transported. Tub boat lifts and tub boats are designed to work together as a system. A given lift will only be able to lift boats designed for the lift.

Operation
Tub boat lifts consisted of a moveable hoist travelling on four toothed wheels engaging with two toothed wooden rails, one mounted on each supporting wall. The hoist possessed two drums around which the lifting cables were wound. The lifting ropes passed through pulley blocks before being attached to lifting eyes on the boats to make the lift easier. Four men would wind the hoist when lifting a full 2.5 to 3 tonne tub boat until it was high enough to pass over the dam of the upper canal.

Examples

The remains of two tub boat lifts can still be seen, in the same region of Germany.

 The Halsbrücke tub boat lift (also known as Rothenfurther Kahnhebehaus), was built in 1788/89 on the Freiberger Mulde. The remains of the Halsbrücke lift and the connecting section of the upper canal were restored in 1988. The tub boats used in this case were 8.5m long and 1.6m wide and when first used carried 2.5 tonnes, upgraded to 3 tonnes later in the canal and lift's working life. This lift worked until 1868.
 The Großvoigtsberg tub boat lift (also known as Christbescherunger Kahnhebehaus), in the neighbourhood of Freiberg, Saxony, was built in 1791 to overcome the difference in elevation between the Mulde and the Christbescherung mine canal. This canal was not completed, it is therefore possible that this lift was never used. The engineer in charge of the construction of both of these lifts was the Freiberg Kunstmeister Mechanicus Johann Friedrich Mende (1743–1798).
 A third tub boat lift was planned near Kleinvoigtsberg but was never built.

See also 
 Hay Inclined Plane, an inclined plane lift on the Ironbridge Gorge, lifting tub boats on wheeled carriages, rather than in caissons.

References

Further reading

External links
 The German article on which this article was based

Boat lifts
Bellanca YO-50. The Bellanca YO-50 was a United States prototype observation aircraft, built for the United States Army in 1940.  Typical for aircraft of its type, it was a high-wing braced monoplane with fixed tailwheel undercarriage and extensive cabin glazing. Its inverted "V" engine made it resemble its German equivalent, the Fieseler Storch.

Three examples were purchased for evaluation against the Stinson YO-49 and Ryan YO-51 Dragonfly. The Stinson won the production contract, and no further YO-50s were built.

Specifications

See also

References

 
 
 aerofiles.com

1940s United States military reconnaissance aircraft
O-050
Single-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1940
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering. The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering is a department in the  Emory University School of Medicine, Georgia Institute of Technology's College of Engineering, and Peking University College of Engineering dedicated to the study of and research in biomedical engineering, and is named after the pioneering engineer and Georgia Tech alumnus Wallace H. Coulter.

History

Establishment 
Georgia Tech Provost and Vice President Michael E. Thomas and the Emory Dean of Medicine Thomas J. Lawley established an Advisory Committee of Georgia Tech and Emory faculty to address new opportunities in biomedical engineering. The Committee met initially on June 2, 1997 and was charged to develop a set of recommendations for an innovative and unique Department of Biomedical Engineering that is joint with Georgia Tech and Emory and that will enable both institutions to maximize research and educational opportunities in fields of intersecting biomedical interest. The Committee was required to report to Drs. Thomas and Lawley no later than August 15, 1997.

Naming 
Recognized as one of the most influential inventors of the twentieth century, Wallace Coulter studied electronics as a student at Georgia Tech in the early 1930s.

Recognition 
The National Academy of Engineering  awarded three professors in this department, Wendy C. Newstetter, Joseph M. Le Doux, and Paul Benkeser, with the  2019 Bernard M. Gordon Prize for Innovation in Engineering and Technology Education. They were recognized for "fusing problem-driven engineering education with learning science principles to create a pioneering program that develops leaders in biomedical engineering.”

References

 

Engineering
Emory University colleges and schools
Engineering universities and colleges in Georgia (U.S. state)
University subdivisions in Georgia (U.S. state)
Biomedical engineering departments
NS13. NS13, NS-13, NS 13, NS.13, or, variation, may refer to:

Places
 Yishun MRT station (station code: NS13), Yishun, Singapore
 Tokiwadai Station (Osaka) station code: NS13; Toyono, Toyono District, Osaka Prefecture, Japan
 Uchijuku Station (station code: NS13), Ina, Saitama, Japan
 Marowijne District (FIPS region code NS13), Suriname
 Cole Harbour-Portland Valley (constituency N.S. 13), Nova Scotia, Canada

Other uses
 Blue Origin NS-13, a 2020 October 13 Blue Origin suborbital spaceflight mission for the New Shepard
 RAF N.S. 13, a British NS class airship

See also

 NS (disambiguation)
 13 (disambiguation)
Boord olefin synthesis. The Boord olefin synthesis is an organic reaction forming alkenes from ethers carrying a halogen atom 2 carbons removed from the oxygen atom (β-halo-ethers) using a metal such as magnesium or zinc.  The reaction, discovered by Cecil E. Boord in 1930 is a classic named reaction with high yields and broad scope.  

The reaction type is an elimination reaction with magnesium forming an intermediate Grignard reagent. The alkoxy group is a poor leaving group and therefore an E1cB elimination reaction mechanism is proposed. The original publication describes the organic synthesis of the compound isoheptene in several steps.

In a 1931 publication  the scope is extended to 1,4-dienes with magnesium replaced by zinc (see also: Barbier reaction). In the first part of the reaction the allyl Grignard acts as a nucleophile in nucleophilic aliphatic substitution.

References

Olefination reactions
Organic reactions
Name reactions
Entropy power inequality. In information theory, the entropy power inequality (EPI) is a result that relates to so-called "entropy power" of random variables. It shows that the entropy power of suitably well-behaved random variables is a superadditive function. The entropy power inequality was proved in 1948 by Claude Shannon in his seminal paper "A Mathematical Theory of Communication". Shannon also provided a sufficient condition for equality to hold; Stam (1959) showed that the condition is in fact necessary.

Statement of the inequality

For a random vector X : Ω → Rn with probability density function f : Rn → R, the differential entropy of X, denoted h(X), is defined to be

and the entropy power of X, denoted N(X), is defined to be

In particular, N(X) = |K| 1/n when X is normal distributed with covariance matrix K.

Let X and Y be independent random variables with probability density functions in the Lp space Lp(Rn) for some p > 1. Then

Moreover, equality holds if and only if X and Y are multivariate normal random variables with proportional covariance matrices.

Alternative form of the inequality

The entropy power inequality can be rewritten in an equivalent form that does not explicitly depend on the definition of entropy power (see Costa and Cover reference below).

Let X and Y be independent random variables, as above.  Then, let X' and Y' be independently distributed random variables with gaussian distributions, such that

 and 

Then,

See also
Information entropy
Information theory
Limiting density of discrete points
Self-information
Kullback–Leibler divergence
Entropy estimation

References

 
 
 
 
 

Information theory
Probabilistic inequalities
Statistical inequalities
FalconLaunch. FalconLaunch is the name of a former small sounding rocket development program at the United States Air Force Academy. The program falls beneath the purview of the Academy Department of Astronautics. The program has two basic purposes: first, to educate cadets in the practice of space systems engineering; and two, to produce a sounding rocket each year. The original technological goal of the program was to develop a light (~100 lb) sounding rocket capable of delivering a small (~5 lb) payload to the edge of space (~100 km). Senior-level cadets handle most aspects of the program.

This program is similar in concept to another USAFA Astronautics program, FalconSAT.

History
2002-2003: FalconLaunch-1

2003-2004: FalconLaunch-2

2004-2005: FalconLaunch-3

2005-2006: FalconLaunch-4

2006-2007: FalconLaunch-5

2007-2008: FalconLaunch-6 - Exploded during test firing on 4 November 2009.

2008-2009: FalconLaunch-7 - Test launched from the White Sands Missile Range in April 2009.  It successfully delivered its payload section to an altitude of 354,724 feet, setting a world altitude record for university-built rockets.

2009-2010: FalconLaunch-8 - Scheduled for test launch in April 2010.

References

United States Air Force Academy
Experimental rockets of the United States
Amateur rocketry
Instant Physics. Instant Physics (full title: Instant Physics: From Aristotle to Einstein, and Beyond)  is a book by Tony Rothman first published by Fawcett Columbine in 1995.  The book, meant for readers with a minimal amount of mathematical training, consists of ten chapters that cover most of the essential topics in physics, from classical mechanics and thermodynamics to nuclear physics, general relativity, and quantum mechanics.  It has proven very popular with the public and as of 2017 remains in print.

References

1995 non-fiction books
Popular physics books
Chilean mill. The Chilean mill was a machine used on gold fields in an early period of gold mining. The machine was composed of two rotating wheels that would revolve over a pan filled with gold-bearing rocks. The idea was that the wheels would break open the rocks with gold, so they could harvest gold from multiple rocks at a time.

One of the earliest such machines was built in Ballarat in Victoria, Australia during the Victorian gold rush and was combined with a sluice for extracting the gold. Another such machine in Australia was used, at the Fitzroy Iron Works, to grind clay for making firebricks. The bricks were needed for repairing the many furnaces at the works.

The Chilean mill, known in Chile as a "trapiche," is still in use in artisanal gold mining in the Andes Mountains. In the process, the crushed rock passes over metal plates coated with mercury where the gold inclusions adhere to the mercury. The gold is recovered after the evaporation of the mercury over a fire. The mill sometimes has two wheels driven by a belt attached to a motor, or a single wheel driven by mules, oxen, or other pack animals. Working Chilean Mills can still be seen in  Andacollo Chile.

See also
Edge mill

References

Gold mining
Radha Comics. Radha Comics was an Indian comics publication in the late 1980s and early 1990s. It was published by Radha Pocket Books, Meerut, India.  It was published on a monthly schedule with usually four to six comics in each monthly comic-set. The comics were published in Hindi only.

The most successful series published was Shaktiputra.  Shaktiputra is a character similar to RoboCop in appearance and abilities.  He is a crime fighter cyborg fitted with the brain of inspector Vikram, who devoted his life to become a Half Robot. His inventor was Prof. Padmanabhan, an eminent scientist of India.  His body is made of metal except his face, which too is covered with a helmet.  He uses weapons such as a sword, shield, laser revolver and also have a special power in his helmet. 

The following are other Radha Comics characters: 

 Bauna Jasoos
 Judo Queen Radha 
 Mahakaal 
 Rudraal 
 Janbaaz Jwala 
 Chacha Chaubey 
 Naagesh 
 Iron Man 
 Raja Jaani 
 Fantoosh

References

Comics magazines published in India
Comic book publishing companies of India
Meerut