omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Curtiss Eagle. The Curtiss Eagle (retroactively designated the Model 19 by Curtiss some years later) was an airliner produced in small numbers in the United States shortly after World War I. The aircraft was a conventional biplane with three-bay, unstaggered wings of equal span. The fuselage was a very advanced design for its day, incorporating careful streamlining of its monocoque structure, and offering the crew as well as the passengers a fully enclosed cabin. The Eagle is sometimes named as the first American tri-motor aircraft; however Curtiss' own Model H flying boat flew with three engines for a time in 1914 before being converted back to twin-engine configuration.

Development
Curtiss had developed the Eagle in preparation for an anticipated post-war boom in civil aviation. In fact, this boom was far smaller than Curtiss had been hoping for, and practically all of the demand for passenger aircraft was met by the conversion of war-surplus military aircraft that could be purchased extremely cheaply. As such, only around 20 machines were built. The original trimotor Eagle design was followed by a single example of the Eagle II, with twin engines, and by three Eagle IIIs with only one engine. These latter aircraft were purchased by the United States Army Air Service, which used them as staff transports and converted one example into an air ambulance.

Operational history
A U.S. Army Air Service Curtiss Eagle air ambulance serial 64243, of the 1st Provisional Air Brigade, crashed during a thunderstorm while attempting to land at Morgantown, Maryland while returning to Bolling Field, District of Columbia, from Langley Field, Virginia on 28 May 1921 in one of the worst major flying accidents in the US at that time. 

The pilot and six passengers died. Two United States congressmen had chosen not to make the flight because of airsickness on the flight from Washington to Langley. The Army's Inspector General conducted an investigation of the crash and theorized that the aircraft stalled when it encountered an updraft at low altitude while trying to clear trees near the unfamiliar field and fell nose first, into the ground.

Variants
Curtiss Eagle 
Three-engined passenger airliner, accommodating two pilots and eight passengers, powered by three 150-hp (112-kW) Curtiss K-6 piston engines.
Eagle II
Twin-engined version, powered by two 400-hp (298-kW) Curtiss C-12 engines; one built.
Eagle III
Single-engined version, powered by a 400-hp (298-kW) Liberty L-12 engine; three built.

Operators

United States Army

Specifications (Eagle I)

References

 
 
 

1910s United States airliners
Eagle
Trimotors
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1919
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Flanders F.2. 

The Flanders F.2 was a 1910s British experimental single-seat monoplane aircraft that was designed and built by Richard Leonard Howard-Flanders and later converted to a two-seater as the Flanders F.3.

Development
Howard Flanders had been an assistant to A.V.Roe when he decided to design his own aircraft. In 1910 he could not get an appropriate engine for it. He started again on another monoplane design, the Flanders F.2, powered by a 60 hp (45 kW) Green engine. The F.2 was a single-seat shoulder-wing monoplane.  The wing, as usual for the period, was braced by wires and kingposts. It had a fixed tailskid landing gear with bicycle-type wheels and a central skid projecting forward from between the wheels. The central skid was to stop the aircraft nosing over on rough ground. It flew for the first time on 8 August 1911.

Later in 1911 the aircraft was modified to include another cockpit forward of the pilot for a passenger. The  wingspan was increased and the modified aircraft was re-designated the Flanders F.3. It flew successfully for a number of months until it was destroyed in a fatal accident on 13 May 1912, when Mr. E.V.B Fisher was piloting it with an American passenger Mr. Mason when it crashed at Brooklands, killing them both. In 1912, the War Office ordered four monoplanes based on the F.3 and designated the Flanders F.4.

Variants
F.1
Unbuilt experimental monoplane
F.2
Single-seat monoplane powered by a 60hp (45 kW) Green engine.
F.3
F.2 modified as a two-seater with increased wingspan to 42 ft 0 in (12.80m).

Specifications (F.2)

See also

References

 The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982-1985), 1985, Orbis Publishing

External links

1910s British experimental aircraft
F02
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Shoulder-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1911
Death Star (ILM). The Death Star is the name of the render farm owned by Industrial Light & Magic (ILM). It is a cluster computer originally built by SGI. Since then, it has been converted into a Linux system built by RackSaver (now Verari Systems) with AMD processors. It is one of the largest render farms. The system originally had 1,500 processors in 750 nodes, this figure was doubled for Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith. ILM tends to be quiet about their supercomputer, so its current configuration is not known.

References

Graphics hardware
Cluster computing
Visual effects
Flanders F.4. The Flanders F.4 was a 1910s British experimental military two-seat monoplane aircraft that was designed and built by Howard Flanders as a development of the Flanders F.3.

Development
Following success with the Flanders F.3 experimental monoplane in the spring of 1912, the British War Office ordered four Flanders monoplanes for use by the newly formed Royal Flying Corps. The aircraft had the same configuration as the F.3 but was improved with larger cockpits, accommodating a crew of two in tandem, was powered by a 70 hp (52 kW) Renault engine driving a four-bladed propeller and had other modifications to improve reliability and maintainability. The fixed landing gear of the F.3 was improved with the addition of coil-spring suspension. The first aircraft was flying at Brooklands by 6 July 1912, with all four flown and delivered to the RFC by 2 January 1913. Testing showed the monoplanes flew well, but following the fatal crashes of a Deperdussin and a Bristol-Coanda Monoplane on 6 and 10 September 1912, the Royal Flying Corps had banned the use of monoplanes and the aircraft were not used, with their engines being removed to power Royal Aircraft Factory BE.2s.

Operators

Royal Flying Corps

Specifications (F.4)

See also

References
Notes

Bibliography
 Bruce, J.M. The Aeroplanes of the Royal Flying Corps (Military Wing). London:Putnam, 1982. .
 The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982–1985), 1985, Orbis Publishing

1910s British experimental aircraft
F04
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Shoulder-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1912
Nortel Speech Server. The Nortel Speech Server (formerly known as Periphonics Speech Processing Platform) in telecommunications is a speech processing system that was originally developed by Nortel. Following the bankruptcy of Nortel, it is now sold by Avaya. The system is primarily used for large vocabulary speech recognition, natural language understanding, text-to-speech, and speaker verification.

The Nortel Speech Server was based on the Periphonics OSCAR platform. The original OSCAR Platform was based upon Solaris servers. The current range of Speech Servers is Windows based.

Nortel Speech Server is a component of the MPS 500, MPS 1000, and ICP platforms. On MPS systems, it may be used to stream prerecorded audio.

See also
Computational linguistics

References

External links
Speech Server
Frost & Sullivan Recognizes Nortel Leadership in the IVR Market

Nortel products
Speech recognition software
Curtiss Tanager. The Curtiss Model 54 Tanager was an aircraft constructed in 1929 as Curtiss' entry in the Guggenheim Safe Aircraft Competition.

Design and development
The Model 54 was a conventional biplane design with a highly streamlined fuselage similar in outline to the Curtiss Eagle, but of considerably smaller proportions. The wings were fitted with a variety of high-lift devices, including automatic leading edge slots on the upper wing, flaps that extended along the entire span of the upper wing, and "floating" ailerons on the lower wing that, in the absence of pilot input, automatically adjusted themselves parallel to the airflow over the wing. The combination of these devices gave the Tanager a stalling speed of just 31 mph (50 km/h) and allowed it to land in only 90 ft (27 m).

Only the Tanager and the Handley Page Gugnunc passed the qualifying round of the competition, and ultimately the Tanager beat its rival by only one point to claim the $100,000 (£20,000) prize, since the Gugnunc failed to achieve a minimum speed below 38 mph. Even before the competition was decided, however, Handley Page was suing Curtiss for the unlicensed use of the leading-edge slot. Curtiss claimed they were using the slots experimentally and would apply for a license for any commercial use. Curtiss counter-sued Handley Page for infringements of six of their patents in the Handley Page machine. They also cited a ruling that the British machine was not permitted to be imported into the US.

Following the competition, the Tanager was destroyed in a fire when sparks from its engine set the grass alight.

Specifications

See also

References

Bibliography
 
 
 Time 6 January 1930

External links

First announcement of competitors Flight 1927
Flight 16 June 1927 THE DANIEL GUGGENHEIM SAFE-AIRCRAFT COMPETITION
"Wings For All Of Us", October 1930, Popular Mechanics detailed illustration Tanager's safety low speed and short take off and landing ability
"Hundred-Thousand Dollar Plane - Why it Won" Popular Mechanics, March 1930 detailed text article and excellent photo of Tanager
"AMERICAN PLANE WINS $100,000 SAFETY PRIZE", 1930 News film
The Curtiss Tanager – AOPA Pilot

1920s United States experimental aircraft
Tanager
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1929
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Fleetwings BT-12 Sophomore. The Fleetwings BT-12 Sophomore, also known by the company designation Model 23, was a 1940s all-metal basic training monoplane built by Fleetwings for the United States Army Air Forces. Only 24 production examples of the type were built before the contract was cancelled.

Design and development
With the outbreak of the Second World War, the United States Army Air Corps (later U.S. Army Air Forces) was ill-prepared for a major war. In an effort to obtain as many aircraft as possible the USAAF contracted Fleetwings, a specialist fabricator of sheet stainless steel, to produce a basic training monoplane. A prototype Model 23 was ordered as the XBT-12 during 1939.

The XBT-12 was an all-metal low-wing cantilever monoplane with a fixed tailwheel landing gear and powered by a Pratt & Whitney R-985 engine. The aircraft had two identical tandem cockpits for instructor and pupil covered by a continuous canopy. It was the first military aircraft to be constructed primarily from welded stainless steel.

Operational history
After evaluation of the XBT-12 starting in late 1939, and delivery of the first aircraft to Wright Field in 1941, an order for 176 production aircraft, designated BT-12, was placed. Only 24 aircraft were delivered, one in 1942 and 23 in 1943, before the contract was cancelled, the Vultee BT-13 being preferred.

Variants
XBT-12
Army designation for the prototype Model 23, one built.
BT-12
Army designation for the production Model 23, 24 built, 152 cancelled.

Operators

United States Army Air Forces

Specifications (BT-12)

See also

References
Notes

Bibliography

 The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982-1985), 1985, Orbis Publishing

Further reading

BT-12
1940s United States military trainer aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1939
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
Fleetwings 33. The Fleetwings Model 33 was a 1940s American primary trainer prototype airplane built by Fleetwings.

Development
During 1940, the Fleetwings company designed and built a two-seat primary trainer, the Model 33. Although the company were experts with stainless-steel construction the aircraft was built from light-alloy. It was a cantilever low-wing monoplane with a conventional tail unit and fixed tailwheel landing gear, powered by Franklin 6AC piston engine. The instructor and pupil were accommodated in two tandem open cockpits. Only the prototype was built.

Specifications (Model 33)

References

 The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (part work 1982-1985), 1985, Orbis Publishing

1940s United States civil trainer aircraft
33
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1940
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
Funk B. The Funk Model B is a 1930s American two-seat cabin monoplane designed by Howard and Joe Funk.  Originally built by the Akron Aircraft Company later renamed Funk Aircraft Company.

Development
The Model B was the first powered aircraft designed by brothers Howard and Joe Funk, whose previous experience was in homebuilt gliders and sailplanes. The Model B was a strut-braced high-wing monoplane with a conventional tail unit and fixed tailwheel landing gear. The design uses mixed construction with fabric-covered wooden wings and a welded steel-tube fuselage. The aircraft was powered by the brothers' own Model E engine developed from a Ford "B" motor-car engine. The prototype first flew in late 1933.

Production and operations
When the test flights proved to be successful the brothers formed the Akron Aircraft Company in 1939 to build the Funk B. After production began, the engine was changed to a 75 hp (56 kW) Lycoming GO-145-C2 horizontally-opposed four-cylinder engine and was re-designated the Model B-75-L.

In 1941 the company moved from Akron to Kansas and the company was renamed the Funk Aircraft Company. Production was stopped during the Second World War and one aircraft was impressed into service in 1942 with the United States Army Air Corps as the UC-92.

After the war in 1946 production was resumed using a Continental C85-12 engine and the aircraft was redesignated the Model B-85-C and named the Bee. It did not sell well and production was halted in 1948. 380 aircraft of all variants had been built.

Variants

Model B
Prototype and initial production aircraft with Funk E engine.
Model B-75-L
Pre-war production aircraft with a 75hp (56 kW) Avco Lycoming GO-145-C2 piston engine.
Model B-85-C Bee
Post-war production aircraft with a Continental C85-12 engine.
UC-92
Army designation for one impressed Model B-75-L (s/n 42-79548).

Specifications (B-85-C)

See also

References

Bibliography
 John Andrade, U.S. Military Aircraft Designations and Serials since 1909, Midland Counties Publications, 1979,  (Page 171)
 Bridgman, Leonard. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1951–52. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, Ltd, 1951.
 Simpson, Rod, Airlife's World Aircraft, 2001, Airlife Publishing Ltd,  (Page 248)
 Simpson, Rod. The General Aviation Handbook. 2005. Midland Publishing. 
 The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982-1985), 1985, Orbis Publishing

External links

 "We Fly the Funkiest (did we actually say that) Classic Around," by Budd Davisson, November 1990, Air Progress

B
1930s United States sport aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1933
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Patricia Foster. Patricia R. Foster is a British Electrical engineer. She was named a fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering, and Institution of Electrical Engineers.

Life 
She graduated from the University of Edinburgh, and the Ph.D. degree from the University of Cambridge, in physics.,

From 1973 to 1979, she was an Engineer with ERA Technology. From 1979 to 1984, she was a manager, New Antenna Systems. In 1984, she founded Microwave and Antenna Systems (MAAS),

Works 

 
 
Foster Patricia R. Radio observations in the short microwave region . Quart . J. Roy . Astron . Soc, 1969, 10, No 3, 206—222

References 

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century British women engineers
British electrical engineers
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Flow table test. The flow table test or slump-flow test is a method to determine consistency of fresh concrete. Flow table test is also used to identify transportable moisture limit of solid bulk cargoes. It is used primarily for assessing concrete that is too fluid (workable) to be measured using the slump test, because the concrete will not retain its shape when the cone is removed.

Application
When fresh concrete is delivered to a site by a truck mixer, its consistency needs to be checked before it is poured into formwork.

If consistency is not at the desired level, concrete will not have the required strength and other qualities once it has set. If concrete is too pasty, cavities may form within it. Rebar may become corroded, and concrete will crack. Cavities also reduce the concrete strength.

Equipment
 Flow table with a grip and a hinge,  square.  In the American version of this test, the table is  diameter per .
 Abrams cone, open at the top and at the bottom -  high,  top diameter,  base diameter.
 Water bucket and broom to wet the flow table.
 Tamping rod,  long.

Conducting the test
 The flow table is wetted.
 The cone is placed in the center of the flow table and filled with fresh concrete in two equal layers. Each layer is tamped 10 times with a tamping rod.
 Wait 30 seconds before lifting the cone.
 The cone is lifted, allowing the concrete to flow.
 The flow table is then lifted up 40mm and then dropped 15 times, causing the concrete to flow.
 After this the diameter of flow of the concrete is measured

See also
 Concrete slump test
 Duff Abrams
 Self-consolidating concrete

References

External links and sources
DIN EN 12350-5
 Standard Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement Mortar 
b-i-m (German)
Heidelberg Cement (German)
Concrete Flow Table in an online shop

Concrete testing techniques
Production Rule Representation. The Production Rule Representation (PRR) is a proposed standard of the Object Management Group (OMG) to provide a vendor-neutral rule-model representation in UML for production rules as used in forward-chaining rule engines.

History 
The OMG set up a Business Rules Working Group in 2002 as the first standards body to recognize the importance of the "Business Rules Approach". It issued 2 main RFPs in 2003 – a standard for modeling production rules (PRR), and a standard for modeling business rules as business documentation (BSBR, now SBVR).

PRR was mostly defined by and for vendors of Business Rule Engines (BREs) (sometimes termed Business Rules Engine(s), like in Wikipedia). Contributors have included all the major BRE vendors, members of RuleML, and leading UML vendors.

Evolution 
 The PRR RFP originally suggested that PRR use a combination of UML OCL and Action Semantics for rule conditions and actions. However, expecting modellers to learn 2 relatively obscure UML languages in order to define a production rule proved unpalatable. Therefore, PRR OCL was defined that included OCL extensions for simple rule actions (as well as external functions). PRR OCL is currently considered "non-normative" i.e. is not part of the PRR standard per se. PRR beta applies just to a PRR Core that excludes an explicit expression language.
 The PRR RFP envisaged covering both forward and backward chaining rule engines. However, the lack of vendor support for / interest in backward chaining caused this to be revise to forward chaining and "sequential" semantics. The latter is simply the scripting mode provided by many BPM tools, where rules are listed and executed sequentially as if programmed. This provides PRR with better compatibility with typical BPM scripting engines (and acknowledges the fact that most BREs today support a "sequential" mode of operation, improving performance in some circumstances).

Status 
PRR is currently at version 1.0. Per the OMG process it is currently being revised by a Revision Task Force expecting to release a 1.1 version in 2010. Revision task force members were ILOG Inc (co-chair), NoMagic Inc, TIBCO Software Inc, Business Semantics Ltd, Inferware LLC, Sandpiper Software Inc, and 88 Solutions Inc.

See also 
 Decision Model and Notation a new standard for modeling decisions and decision tables suitable for execution in business rule management systems... or is it?
 Production system which describes the typical rule engine that executes production rules
 Business Rule Management System which would typically define the business user interface for production rules.
 Rule Interchange Format by W3C especially its Production Rule Dialect, which is nominally compatible with the PRR metamodel.
 Ripple down rules

Sources 
OMG Press Release on PRR Adoption Dec 2007
OMG Specification page

Unified Modeling Language
Rule engines
Knowledge representation languages
Curtiss Model L. The Curtiss Model L was a triplane trainer aircraft in the United States in 1916 by the Curtiss Aeroplane Company of Hammondsport, New York.

Development
It was a largely conventional design with the upper two wings of equal span and a shorter-span lower wing, the Model L had a wide, open cockpit that accommodated the student and instructor side by side, an unusual feature for its time which gained the aircraft the nickname "Sociable Triplane". Apart from private sales, Curtiss sold a number to both the United States Army and Navy. These differed from their civil counterparts in having lower wings of equal span to the upper two. The three sold to the Navy were equipped as floatplanes.

The wings from one of the Army's examples were mated to the fuselage of a Curtiss Jenny to produce the single example of the X-1 trainer. Model L wings were also used by Curtiss for the creation of the Autoplane roadable aircraft, as well as being mated to a Model F hull to create the Curtiss FL.

Variants
 Model L - civil trainer version
 Model L-1 - military version
 Model L-2 - military version, some equipped with floats

Operators

United States Army
United States Navy

Specifications

References

 
 aerofiles.com

1910s United States civil trainer aircraft
Model L
Triplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1916
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear