omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Cartesian Perceptual Compression. Cartesian Perceptual Compression (abbreviated CPC, with filename extension .cpc) is a proprietary image file format.  It was designed for high compression of black-and-white raster Document Imaging for archival scans.

CPC is lossy, has no lossless mode, and is restricted to bi-tonal images.  The company which controls the patented format claims it is highly effective in the compression of text, black-and-white (halftone) photographs, and line art.  The format is intended for use in the web distribution of legal documents, design plans, and geographical plot maps.

Viewing and converting documents in the CPC format currently requires the download of proprietary software.  Although viewing CPC documents is free, as is converting CPC images to other formats, conversion to CPC format requires a purchase.

JSTOR, a United States–based online system for archiving academic journals, converted its online archives to CPC in 1997.  The CPC files are used to reduce storage requirements for its online collection, but are temporarily converted on their servers to GIF for display, and to PDF for printing.  JSTOR still scans to TIFF G4 and considers those files its preservation masters.

See also
Image file formats

References

External links
The company's website Additional technical information about the format
Library of Congress Analysis of format by the LoC.
RLG DigiNews Vol. 7 No. 2 Comparison of rivals to TIFF for Document Imaging purposes

Graphics file formats
Hilario Fernández Long. Hilario Fernández Long (12 September 1918 – 23 December 2002) was an Argentine structural engineer and educator.

He was born in Bahía Blanca and was of Spanish and Volga German descent. He graduated as a Civil Engineer from the University of Buenos Aires in 1941 and his professional life was centered on structural engineering. He participated in, among other projects, the construction of the Argentine National Library, the Buenos Aires IBM Building and the Zárate–Brazo Largo and Chaco-Corrientes bridges. He pioneered the use of computer tools in his discipline.

He coauthored many technical articles, and published an Introduction to Go and a Go Manual that were instrumentals in the introduction of the game in Argentina.

Besides his teaching activities in several universities, he was the dean of the Engineering School and Rector (i.e. President) of the University of Buenos Aires. After Juan Carlos Onganía's coup d'état in 1966, he resigned as the University autonomy was violated in the Noche de los Bastones Largos (Long Stick's Night) when the police entered by force in the campuses, beating students and professors, effectively ending the so-called "Golden Age" of the Buenos Aires University. His political commitment was reaffirmed when President Raúl Alfonsín nominated him as a member of the CONADEP commission that investigated the fate of the desaparecidos.

After retirement, he was distinguished as Emeritus Professor of both the University of Buenos Aires and the Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina and Doctor Honoris Causa of the University of Buenos Aires. He died in Necochea.

He belonged to several organizations:
Structural Engineer Association (honor member)
National Academy of Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences
National Education Academy 
American Society of Civil Engineering (life member)
Argentine Go Association (founding member)
Argentine Center of Engineers
Asamblea Permanente pro Derechos Humanos – APDH (Permanent Assembly for Human Rights – member of the Presidency council)

External links
Engineering of a Golden Age Interview to Hilario Fernández Long. In Spanish
The first version of this article was translated from Spanish from Enciclopedia Libre Universal under GFDL.

1918 births
2002 deaths
20th-century Argentine engineers
Structural engineers
People from Bahía Blanca
Argentine people of Volga German descent
Rectors of the University of Buenos Aires
Argentine civil engineers
University of Buenos Aires alumni
LMS diesel shunter 7050. LMS diesel shunter 7050 is an experimental 0-4-0 diesel-mechanical shunting locomotive, introduced by the London Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) in 1934 and which remained in service with that railway for six years. It was later acquired for military use and is now preserved at the National Railway Museum.

History
No. 7050 was an experimental locomotive built by the Drewry Car Co. at the English Electric Preston works in 1934. It carried an original number of 7400 only within the works and was delivered as LMS number 7050. For six years it was used for dock shunting at Salford before being loaned to the Air Ministry in 1940. It was withdrawn from LMS stock in March 1943 and sold to the War Department (WD) which numbered it 224. Subsequent renumberings by the WD, and later the Army, saw it carry numbers 70224 (in 1944), 846 (1952) and 240 (1968).

At some point it was rebuilt with a Gardner engine and was used at the Royal Navy base at Botley, Hampshire.

Preservation
No 7050 was preserved in 1979, and displayed at the Museum of Army Transport in Beverley. Upon the closure of that Museum in 2003 it was transferred to the National Railway Museum in York.

Footnotes

References

 

7050
Diesel 7050
War Department locomotives
B locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1934
Standard gauge locomotives of Great Britain
Individual locomotives of Great Britain
High-level design. High-level design (HLD) explains the architecture that would be used to develop a system. The architecture diagram provides an overview of an entire system, identifying the main components that would be developed for the product and their interfaces.
The HLD can use non-technical to mildly technical terms which should be understandable to the administrators of the system. In contrast, low-level design further exposes the logical detailed design of each of these elements for use by engineers and programmers. HLD documentation should cover the planned implementation of both software and hardware.

Purpose 
 Preliminary design: In the preliminary stages of system development, the need is to size the project and to identify those parts which might be risky or time-consuming.
 Design overview: As the project proceeds, the need is to provide an overview of how the various sub-systems and components of the system fit together.

In both cases, the high-level design should be a complete view of the entire system, breaking it down into smaller parts that are more easily understood. To minimize the maintenance overhead as construction proceeds and the lower-level design is done, it is best that the high-level design is elaborated only to the degree needed to satisfy these needs.

High-level design document 
A high-level design document or HLDD adds the necessary details to the current project description to represent a suitable model for building. This document includes a high-level architecture diagram depicting the structure of the system, such as the hardware, database
architecture, application architecture (layers), application flow (navigation), security architecture and technology architecture.

Design overview 
A high-level design provides an overview of a system, product, service, or process.

Such an overview helps supporting components be compatible to others. 

The highest-level design should briefly describe all platforms, systems, products, services, and processes that it depends on, and include any important changes that need to be made to them.

In addition, there should be brief consideration of all significant commercial, legal, environmental, security, safety, and technical risks, along with any issues and assumptions.

The idea is to mention every work area briefly, clearly delegating the ownership of more detailed design activity whilst also encouraging effective collaboration between the various project teams.

Today, most high-level designs require contributions from a number of experts, representing many distinct professional disciplines.

Finally, every type of end-user should be identified in the high-level design and each contributing design should give due consideration to customer experience.

See also
 Software development process
Systems development life cycle

References

External links
 High Level Design Document sample format

Design
Software development
Software design
Flight International. Flight International, formerly Flight, is a monthly magazine focused on aerospace. Published in the United Kingdom and founded in 1909 as "A Journal devoted to the Interests, Practice, and Progress of Aerial Locomotion and Transport", it is the world's oldest continuously published aviation news magazine.

Flight International is published by DVV Media Group. Competitors include Jane's Information Group and Aviation Week. Former editors of, and contributors include H. F. King, Bill Gunston, John W. R. Taylor and David Learmount.

History
The founder and first editor of Flight was Stanley Spooner. He was also the creator and editor of The Automotor Journal, originally titled The Automotor Journal and Horseless Vehicle. From around 1900 the journal had a separate section relating to aviation and aeronautical matters. The 5 April 1908 issue of The Automotor Journal included a diagram of patent drawings of a plane made by the Wright brothers. Stanley kept in contact with them via his friend Griffith Brewer.
Eventually, Spooner decided that a journal focused solely on matters relating to flying should be published—and so, Flight magazine was established as an offshoot of The Automotor Journal.

Claiming to be the first aeronautical weekly in the world, Flight first appeared on 2 January 1909 as the official journal of the Aero Club of the United Kingdom (later the Royal Aero Club). In April 1934, Flight was acquired by Iliffe & Sons, who were proprietors and printers of technical magazines, one of which included Autocar. On 4 January 1962 the magazine was renamed Flight International.

In August 2019, Flight International and its associated divisions (except analytics and consulting divisions, which were retained by RELX as Cirium) were sold to DVV Media Group. In September 2020, Flight International switched from a weekly to monthly publication.

See also
 Aviation Week & Space Technology, a similar aerospace sector industry magazine
 FlightGlobal

Notes

References

External links
 DVV Media International
 Flight archives Flightglobal.com
 Aerospace illustrations ("cutaways") on Flight International's website (snapshot of site from December 2012)
 Archived Flight International magazines on the Internet Archive

Aerospace industry in the United Kingdom
Aviation magazines published in the United Kingdom
English-language magazines
Magazines established in 1909
Monthly magazines published in the United Kingdom
1909 establishments in England
Dicarbonyltris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(0). Dicarbonyltris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(0) or Roper's complex is a ruthenium metal carbonyl. In it, two carbon monoxide ligands and three triphenylphosphine ligands are coordinated to a central ruthenium(0) center.

In solution, this compound readily dissociates one of the three phosphine ligands, thereby generating a reactive 16-electron complex that binds or oxidatively adds a variety of substrates such as alkynes, olefins, dihydrogen, and dioxygen. The compound has a trigonal bipyramidal molecular geometry and, in solution, exists as a mixture of two isomers that rapidly interconvert.  The complex is air stable as a solid, but its solutions oxygenate in air to afford Ru(CO)2(PPh3)2(η2-O2).

Preparation 
The compound can be prepared by magnesium reduction of the corresponding ruthenium(II) dichloride complex in the presence of an excess of phosphine. The 16-electron intermediate can actually be isolated.
Ru(CO)2Cl2(PPh3)2 + Mg + PPh3 → Ru(CO)2(PPh3)3 + MgCl2

An improved base-promoted method involves the reduction of a ruthenium(II) carbonyl chloride with base in the presence of excess phosphine.  The overall reaction for this one-pot synthesis is:
Ru(CO)3Cl2(thf) + 3 PPh3  +  4 [NEt4]OH  →  Ru(CO)2(PPh3)2  +  [NEt4]2[CO3] + 2 [NEt4]Cl  +  2H2O  +  thf
The first step in this sequence is the formation of a metallocarboxylate by nucleophilic attack of hydroxide anion on a CO ligand to form a formate anion:
Ru(CO)3Cl2(thf) + [NEt4]OH  →  [NEt4][Ru(CO)2(COOH)Cl2(thf)]

Next solvated tetrahydrofuran is replaced by phosphine:  
[NEt4][Ru(CO)2(COOH)Cl2(thf)]  +  PPh3  →  [NEt4][Ru(CO)2(COOH)Cl2(PPh3)]  +  thf

Next the formate ligand is deprotonated again by hydroxide:
[NEt4][Ru(CO)2(COOH)Cl2(PPh3)]  +  [NEt4]OH    →  [NEt4]2[Ru(CO)2(COO)Cl2(PPh3)]  +  H2O

These three reactions mean that carbon monoxide has been oxidized to carbon dioxide with the concomitant reduction of Ru(II) to Ru(0). Finally, the two remaining chloride ligands are replaced by two more phosphine groups and the carbon dioxide leaves:

[NEt4]2[Ru(CO)(COO)Cl2(PPh3)] +  2 PPh3  →  Ru(CO)2(PPh3)3  + CO2  +  2 [NEt4]Cl

The generated carbon dioxide is trapped as [NEt4]2[CO3].

History
The complex was first reported by Warren R Roper and his coworkers in 1972 in an era where oxidative addition reactions to d8 metal complexes were first being systematically examined. Being zero-valent and carrying only two CO ligands, the complex is highly nucleophilic.  Many of its reactions parallel those for Vaska's complex.

Applications
The derivative Ru(CO)2H2(PPh3)2, obtained by exposing the complex to hydrogen, is a catalyst in the Murai olefin coupling reaction between terminal alkenes and the ortho C-H position of a phenone.

References 

Ruthenium complexes
Carbonyl complexes
Triphenylphosphine complexes
Ruthenium(0) compounds
Rudderow-class destroyer escort. The Rudderow-class destroyer escorts were destroyer escorts launched in the United States in 1943 to 1945.  Of this class, 22 were completed as destroyer escorts, and 50 were completed as s and were re-classified as high speed transport APDs. One ship was converted to an APD after completion.  They served in World War II as convoy escorts and anti-submarine warfare ships.

History
The lead ship was  which was launched on 14 October 1943. The ships had General Electric steam turbo-electric drive engines. The ships were built at various shipyards in the United States, including the Philadelphia Navy Yard and Defoe Shipbuilding Company. They were very similar to the , having the same hull and machinery. The main differences were the Rudderows had two  enclosed guns and two twin-40 mm mounts, instead of the three  open guns and one twin-40 mm or one quad  mount of the Buckleys. Another major difference is the style of the configuration of the area of the bridge and pilothouse which is low and enclosed compared to the Buckley Class which is tall and enclosed. The Rudderow Class is similar to the John C. Butler Class in this case and a distinguishing feature between these two class DEs is the size and number of the portholes in the pilothouse. The Rudderow class has seven 16-inch portholes and the John C. Butler Class has nine 12-inch portholes, with both classes having three portholes facing the bow. The class was also known as the TEV type from their Turbo-Electric drive and 5-inch (V) guns.

The final 180 of the class were canceled near the end of the war. After World War II, some of the surviving units of this class were transferred to Taiwan, South Korea, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and other countries. The rest were retained by the US Navy's reserve fleet until they were decommissioned. The , sold to the Colombian Navy and renamed to the ARC Córdoba (DT 15), is the sole survivor of her class and is preserved at the Jaime Duque amusement park at Tocancipá, near Bogotá in Colombia.

Ships in Class

See also
 List of destroyer escorts of the United States Navy
 List of frigates of the United States Navy subset of above with hull numbers DE/FF 1037 and higher plus all DEG/FFGs because of the United States Navy 1975 ship reclassification
 List of frigates

References

External links

 Destroyer History.org - Rudderow-class destroyer escort
  Destroyer Escort Sailors Association (DESA).
Państwowe Zakłady Inżynierii. The Państwowe Zakłady Inżynierii (National Engineering Works, PZInż) was a Polish pre-World War II arms industry holding and the main Polish manufacturer of vehicles, both military and civilian.

History 

It was created by the Polish minister of industry Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski on 19 March 1928 from several previously-existing state-owned factories and scientific institutes, among them the Centralne Warsztaty Samochodowe and the Ursus factory. It was Kwiatkowski's plan of reorganization and modernization of Polish arms industry that eventually led to the creation of PZInż, but also the Państwowe Wytwórnie Uzbrojenia (National Arms Works), Państwowe Zakłady Lotnicze (modern PZL), Państwowe Zakłady Optyczne (National Optical Works) and National Factory of Gunpowder and Explosives in Pionki.

Production
On 21 September 1932 the National Engineering Works signed a license agreement with Italian automobile manufacturer Fiat. Soon afterwards, assembly and production of Fiat 508 began. Until September 1939, some 10,000 models were produced in Warsaw’s Factory of Passenger and Light Commercial Vehicles (Fabryka Samochodow Osobowych i Polciezarowych).

In 1933, the PZInz was restructured, and divided into the following units:
 main office and technical office in Warsaw,
 Ursus Truck Factory,
 Factory of Passenger and Light Commercial Vehicles (also Polski Fiat Factory later FSO) in Warsaw,
 Engine and Equipment Plant in Warsaw,
 Ursus Foundry, in Ursus, Warsaw,
 Modlin Shipyard, which produced ORP Rybitwa and ORP Czajka,
 Service Station in Warsaw.

Among vehicles produced by the National Engineering Works, are such models, as:
 artillery tractors: C2P, C4P, C7P
 passenger cars: Fiat 508, Fiat 518, Fiat 524, PZInz L-S
 trucks: Fiat 618, Fiat 621, Ursus Typ A
 light tank 7TP (pictured)
 all terrain vehicles and tractors Fiat 621 C4P, PZIn˝ 222, PZIn˝ 703
 Sokol motorcycles 
 autobus Zawrat
 armored cars, Ursus wz.29, Ursus wz.34.

As well as vehicles PZInż also produced aero-engines under licence to various foreign manufacturers, such as:
 P.Z. Inż. Junior 120 hp  - Walter Junior from Czechoslovakia
 P.Z. Inż. Major - Walter Major from Czechoslovakia
 P.Z. Inż. Minor - Walter Minor from Czechoslovakia

The National Engineering Works also had several prototypes, which did not enter production due to invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union.

Shortly after the outbreak of World War II and the German occupation of Poland, the PZInż was confiscated by the German state, its factories dismantled and sent to Germany while a large part of the engineers were either killed or sent to Germany as slave workers. After the Warsaw Uprising the Warsaw headquarters of the PZInż was blown up, not to be rebuilt after the war. In 1946 the Ursus works started to be rebuilt and eventually became a large tractor factory.

See also 
 CWS T-1
 Ursus Factory

References 

Motor vehicle manufacturers of Poland
Defence companies of Poland
Car manufacturers of Poland
Defunct manufacturing companies of Poland
Manufacturing companies based in Warsaw
Oil engine. Oil engine  may refer to:

 Hornsby-Akroyd oil engine, the first internal combustion engine using heavy oil as fuel
 Crude oil engine, an internal combustion engine which can use many kinds of oil as fuel
 Oil burner (engine), a steam engine that uses oil as its fuel
 Hot bulb engine
 Hesselman engine
 Some forms of internal combustion engine, so called during an early period in their development

See also
 Diesel engine

nn:Råoljemotor
Port Eads, Louisiana. Port Eads is a populated place at the southern tip of the Mississippi River, also known as South Pass, in Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana, United States. It was designated as a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers in 1982.

History

Eads south pass navigation works

The Mississippi River in the 100-mile-plus stretch between the Port of New Orleans and the Gulf of Mexico frequently suffered from silting up of its outlets, stranding ships, or making parts of the river unnavigable for a period of time. Starting in 1876, James Buchanan Eads (1820–1887) solved the problem with a wooden jetty system that narrowed the main outlet of the river. This caused the river to speed up and cut its channel deeper, so allowing year-round navigation and safe access to the river for large steamers. In the twenty years following the completion of the jetties, trade at New Orleans doubled. Eads was thus honored by having the port at South Pass named after him.

Eads' design for the jetties of the south pass of the Mississippi River was also designated as a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers in 1982.

Hurricane Katrina 
The port was completely devastated by Hurricane Katrina.  Very little remained except the lighthouse and a few fishing camps.

The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) originally obligated $400,000 to rebuild the Port Eads Marina after Katrina. Parish President Billy Nungesser took office in 2007. He felt the $400,000 was insufficient and he personally traveled to Washington, D.C. and appealed the amount. In early 2009, FEMA authorized up to $12 million for the project.

Geography
At the Head of Passes, the river separates into three main fingers. Port Eads is found at the southern end of the center branch. A lighthouse there serves oceangoing ships. It is accessible only by boat and helicopter.

It is used primarily by offshore fishermen who begin their journey in Venice, Louisiana, 20.3 miles to the north. Port Eads offers docking and refueling premises, bunk rooms with an in room bath for rent, weigh station, and a small restaurant. Because of its location, offshore fishermen from around the country flock to Port Eads. It is the closest port to the continental shelf, the 100-fathom curve, in the entire Gulf of Mexico. The shelf is five miles from the port.

Tournament
Each June, the New Orleans Invitational Billfish Tournament is held there. There have been two one-thousand pound Atlantic blue marlin caught by boats using Port Eads, representing two of three "granders" caught on record in the Gulf of Mexico.

References

External links
 Removing the Mississippi’s Mud Lump: The Eads South Pass Navigation Works, article in ASCE Civil Engineering magazine, History lesson 2008.

Unincorporated communities in Louisiana
Unincorporated communities in Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana
Unincorporated communities in the New Orleans metropolitan area
Populated coastal places in Louisiana
Road-inaccessible communities of Louisiana
VDGS. VDGS can refer to:
 Visual Docking Guidance System, which helps ships to dock smoothly.
 Visual Docking Guidance System, which helps aircraft to dock at the exact position in front of the gate.
 Voodoo Glow Skulls, the Third wave Ska band.
 Vietnam's Development Goals, which is a national development initiative undertaken by the Vietnamese government.

Flight information will be sync periodically with VDGS through the IASS to share the flight allocated stand.
While VDGS will share the actual parked aircraft code and the block on/off time.
VDI. VDI may refer to: 

 Verein Deutscher Ingenieure, the Association of German Engineers
 Vidalia Regional Airport (IATA code: VDI)
Vietnam Defence Industry, Vietnam's General Department of Defense Industry.

Technology

 Virtual Desktop Infrastructure, a Citrix/Microsoft desktop virtualization engine
 VDI (file format), the virtual disk image file used in VirtualBox systems
 Virtual Device Interface, a component of Digital Research's Graphics Environment Manager (GEM)