omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
MacWorks Plus. MacWorks Plus was a complete implementation (port) of the Macintosh Plus 128K ROM on the Apple Lisa and Macintosh XL computer systems, and introduced in August 1988.  It was developed for Sun Remarketing of Cache Valley, Utah, under license from Apple Inc., by a contract developer named Chuck Lukaszewski, who was responsible for versions up through 1.1(h), which supported up to Macintosh System 6.0.3.  Dafax Processing Corp. with the assistance of Query Engineering, Inc. then further developed the environment to MacWorks Plus II, which continued Macintosh system support up to System 6.0.8 with the Basic version, and introduced a Pro version to extend support to the maximum possible for any 68000 processor: System 7.5.5. Prior to MacWorks Plus, the maximum system supported by its predecessor MacWorks XL was System 3.2.

History

The design objective for MacWorks Plus was 100% compatibility with software that ran on the Macintosh Plus, which at the time was Apple's flagship product.  This was a technically challenging goal because other than sharing the same Motorola 68000 processor, the underlying hardware architectures of the two systems were radically different.  In order to understand how MacWorks Plus worked, it is easiest to divide the discussion into three areas:  hardware interface, memory model and bootstrap protocol.  These were the hardware-dependent aspects of the classic Mac OS at the time.  The simplest method of transporting the Mac OS to another machine was to emulate them completely.  Once achieved, the much larger hardware-independent code in the 128K ROM could execute with no modification.  This is what was done with MacWorks Plus.

The goal was made possible by the existence of a hardware abstraction layer in the Macintosh Toolbox in the original Macintosh ROM, and a hardware Memory Management Unit (MMU) in the Lisa. Through a complete package of device drivers that fully implemented the Macintosh Toolbox Application Programming Interface (APIs), MacWorks Plus essentially tricked the 128K ROM code into thinking it was running on an actual Macintosh. It was also necessary to completely simulate the memory address space of a Macintosh Plus, including the behavior of certain illegal addresses that were deliberately exploited by certain applications (primarily games).  Fortunately, while the Macintosh memory manager circuitry was not programmable, the Lisa featured a fully programmable hardware MMU which was a legacy of the minicomputer roots of its designers.  Finally, bootloaders were written for all available floppy disk and hard disk models that were compatible with the Lisa.

MacWorks Plus consisted of some 23,000 lines of source code for the Lisa-dependent hardware interface and bootstrap code, plus an image of the 128K ROM that was licensed from Apple.  It also included a standalone installer and a Control Panel that enabled a user to adjust certain Lisa specific features from inside the Mac OS user interface.

External links
Sigma Systems 7 MacWorks Plus II Developer
MacWorks Plus: Making A Lisa Speak Macintosh – Call-A.P.P.L.E. (callapple.org) 

Macintosh platform
Macintosh platform emulators
Super Dvora Mk III-class patrol boat. The Super Dvora Mark III-class patrol boat is the latest generation of the Dvora family of fast patrol boats or fast attack craft (FPB/FAC). Manufactured by IAI Ramta in 2004 these vessels are capable of travelling up to  in littoral waters thanks to its state of the art thrust vectoring control Articulated Surface Drives (ASD) while holding various armaments, from automatic grenade launchers, AGM-114 Hellfire missiles, SPIKE NLOS missiles, and 30 mm cannons in its armory.

Design and construction

Performance 
The Super Dvora Mk III craft features interception of sea target at high-speeds approaching 50 knots; long-range missions thanks to its sea replenishment ability ahead of a typical four-day endurance; high maneuverability in both open ocean and littoral environment; steady sea keeping in a range of sea states and very callous weather; and the ability to incorporate advanced, stabilized, accurate marine arsenal and sensors. Taken as a whole, vessel displacement varies from 72 to 58 tons depending on the operation package.

These vessels are fast and agile, and designed to reach and maintain high operating tempos. Its hull geometry provides constant sea keeping at all speeds, and a dry deck throughout high-speed runs and tracking down.

Propulsion system 
The propulsion system consists of two Detroit Diesel MTU 12V-4000 ( total) engines driving two articulated surface drives, which were initially designed for competitive speedboats. Arneson Surface Drive-16 articulating propulsion systems drives provide the vessel with thrust vectoring control. Beside those systems, Mk IIIs are also equipped with ZF4650 reduction gears.

Their thrust-vectoring propulsion system allows Super Dvora Mk III to function in shallow waters at draughts of  facilitating special operations forces delivery on enemy shores and catastrophe relief missions.

Armaments 
The Super Dvora Mk III design is robust to allow for the installation of Typhoon 20-30 mm stabilized cannon, heavy machine guns, AGM-114 Hellfire (Surface-to-surface type) missiles, SPIKE NLOS missiles, all of which can be slaved to state-of the art mast-mounted, day/night, long range electro-optic systems including Elbit/El-Op sensors and targeting systems.

Developments 
IAI-Ramta is currently working on a number of new configuration upgrade packages for the Super Dvora platform  as Strike and Littoral Warrior, which consists of a variety of highly advanced precision weapon systems.

Operators

 : Confirmed to be unnamed country in 2015.
 : Active with Israeli Navy. 13 Dvora Mk IIIs in service.
 : 6 Dvora Mk IIIs ordered. The sale is controversial due to its sales while the Rohingya crisis is still going on.
 : 6 active with Sri Lankan navy.

References

Further reading 

Naval ships of Israel
Fast attack craft of the Sri Lanka Navy
Patrol boat classes
UTP Schweissmaterial. UTP Schweissmaterial GmbH is a traditional German company manufacturing welding consumables and based in Bad Krozingen. The enterprise was established in 1953 at Freiburg im Breisgau.

The company supplies consumables both directly and via a sales network of 70 of its own and alliance partners in several countries. Production facilities were built between 1956 and 1969 in Switzerland, France, Mexico and Brazil.

History
In 1977 UTP was the first European manufacturer of welding consumables to gain ASME and VdTüV approval. In 1978 production was started in Mostar. In 1991, UTP was taken over by Böhler Schweißtechnik Austria GmbH (a subsidiary of Böhler-Uddeholm AG). In 1996, establishment of a joint venture between Böhler Schweißtechnik and Thyssen Schweißtechnik (each company with a half share) and establishment of Böhler Thyssen Schweißtechnik. In 2003, Böhler-Uddeholm AG became sole owner of Böhler Thyssen Schweißtechnik. In 2007, Böhler Thyssen Schweisstechnik was transformed into the Böhler Welding Group. In 2007, Voestalpine AG acquired a majority shareholding in Böhler Uddeholm AG and retained it as an independent division.

References

External links
 Official site

Companies based in Baden-Württemberg
Manufacturing companies of Germany
Synth (disambiguation). A synthesizer or synth is an electronic musical instrument.

Synth may also refer to:


Science
Synthetic biology
Synthetic intelligence

Media
 Synth (video game), a freeware strategic action game that utilizes procedurally generated graphics
 Synth, machines powered by organic components used by the Combine in the Half-Life video game series
 Synth, androids featured in the video game Fallout 4
 Synth, anthropomorphic robots depicted in the television series Humans

Other uses
 Synth Look and Feel, a skinnable Java look and feel

See also
Synthetic (disambiguation)
I-CubeX. I-CubeX comprises a system of sensors, actuators and interfaces that are configured by a personal computer. Using MIDI,
Bluetooth or the Universal Serial Bus (USB) as the basis for all communication, the complexity is managed behind a variety of software tools, including an end-user configuration editor, Max (software) plugins, and a C++ Application Programming Interface (API), which allows applications to be developed in Mac OS X, Linux and Windows operating systems.

Usage is primarily focused on allowing exploration and construction of alternative physical computer interaction systems, but have most notably been adopted by music enthusiasts, as they greatly simplify musical instrument mods and creation of novel electronic musical instruments, MIDI controllers and audio control surfaces (such as presented at NIME), e.g. for electronic music generation, and visual artists, as they greatly simplify interactive installation art and electronic art (such as presented at Ars Electronica and SIGGRAPH). In both cases, it is extensively used for teaching. It allows the construction of complex interactive systems out of simpler components. I-CubeX is designed and produced by Infusion Systems.

History 

I-CubeX arose out of a research project in 1995 directed by Axel Mulder at the Department of Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University to address the need for better tools for artists to create interactive art and for musicians to more easily create or modify musical instruments. It was inspired by projects such as STEIM's Sensorlab. While I-CubeX helped opening up access to technology for artists interested in sensor technology, it in itself inspired others to create new technology.

The field evolved into physical computing and it was followed by the creation of a number of other generic platforms for applying sensor technology in the (performing) arts such as Arduino, as well as the development of very application specific sensors for human interfacing and human interface devices. While the focus of I-CubeX technology was initially on translating sensor signals to MIDI (Digitizer, microDig) for music enthusiasts, the transmission protocols now include Bluetooth Low Energy and WiFi (WiDig), Bluetooth Classic (Wi-microDig) and USB (WiDig, USB-microDig) so as to facilitate its use by all kinds of researchers and engineers, as well as MIDI.

See also 

 Electronic musical instruments
 MIDI controllers
 Audio control surface
 Sensors

 Multimodal interaction
 Human computer interaction
 Human interface device
 Assistive technology
 Brain-computer interface

References

External links
About I-CubeX

Computing input devices
Electronic musical instruments
Multimodal interaction
Sensors
Physical computing
Photoelectric flame photometer. Flame photometry is a type of atomic emission spectroscopy. It is also known as flame emission spectroscopy. A photoelectric flame photometer is an instrument used in inorganic chemical analysis to determine the concentration of certain metal ions, among them sodium, potassium, lithium, and calcium. Group 1 (alkali metals) and Group 2 (alkaline earth metals) are quite sensitive to flame photometry due to their low excitation energies.

In principle, it is a controlled flame test with the intensity of the flame color quantified by photoelectric circuitry. The intensity of the color will depend on the energy that had been absorbed by the atoms that was sufficient to vaporise them. The sample is introduced to the flame at a constant rate. Filters select which colours the photometer detects and exclude the influence of other ions. Before use, the device requires calibration with a series of standard solutions of the ion to be tested.

Flame photometry is crude but inexpensive compared to flame emission spectroscopy or ICP-AES, where the emitted light is analyzed with a monochromator. Its status is similar to that of the colorimeter (which uses filters) compared to the spectrophotometer (which uses a monochromator). It also has the range of metals that could be analysed and the limit of detection are also considered

References

Inorganic chemistry
Journal of Physics D. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by IOP Publishing. It was established in 1968 from the division of the earlier title, Proceedings of the Physical Society. It has a broad coverage, including five main focus areas: magnetism; photonics and semiconductors; plasmas and plasma-surface interactions; applied surfaces and interfaces; structure and properties of matter and renewable energy/sustainability. The editor-in-chief is Huiyun Liu (University College London).

Abstracting and indexing
The journal is  abstracted and indexed in:

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2023 impact factor of 3.1.

References

External links

Physics journals
IOP Publishing academic journals
Academic journals established in 1950
Weekly journals
English-language journals
1950 establishments in the United Kingdom
Ei Compendex. Ei Compendex is an engineering bibliographic database published by Elsevier.
The name "Compendex" stands for COMPuterized ENgineering inDEX.  
It covers scientific literature pertaining to engineering materials. 
It started in 1884 under the name Engineering Index (Ei) and its first electronic bulletin was issued in 1967.
Elsevier purchased the parent company Engineering Information in 1998.

Coverage
Ei Compendex currently contains over 20 million records as of December 2020  and references over 5,000 international sources including journals, conferences and trade publications. Approximately 1,000,000 new records are added to the database annually from over 190 disciplines within the engineering field. Coverage is updated every week and covers the years 1970 to the present.

Coverage of engineering subjects include nuclear technology, bioengineering, transportation, chemical and process engineering, light and optical technology, agricultural engineering and food technology, computers and data processing, applied physics, electronics and communications, control, civil, mechanical, materials, petroleum, aerospace and automotive engineering as well as multiple subtopics within all these and other major engineering fields.

See also
List of academic databases and search engines

References

External links 
 Compendex and EI backfile
 Compendex on STN
 STN Compendex file summary. . PDF download. January 2014
 Ei and Compendex History

Bibliographic databases in engineering
Online databases
Rogger. The Rogger is a glass-fibre (fiberglass) motor-sailer produced in the Netherlands. It was designed by Dick Lefeber (1927–2000), and stands out owing to its sturdy appearance and heavy construction.

From 1969 through 1976, Rogger hulls were produced by Polyboat/Polymarin/Halmatic, and were finished out by Eista Werf in Ammerzoden and Nederhemert in the Netherlands. From 1997 to 1995, the final Rogger models were finished out at Stangate Marine in Littlehampton, England, and were sold as the Rogger 36 Ketch, Ushant 41 and Atlas Rogger 46.

In total, an estimated 90 vessels of the Rogger type were built: 73 of the Rogger 10.5 (meters), 11 of the Rogger 12.5/Ushant 41 and 6 of the Rogger 14/Atlas Rogger 46. The Rogger Motorsailer Club is aware of the locations of 67 Rogger motorsailers (75% of the fleet). There is also a larger version of the Rogger known as the Banjer 37, which was built in The Netherlands and has its own club.

A class of steel motorboats is also named Rogger, but these vessels are not the same as the Rogger motorsailers.

References

External links
 Rogger Motorsailer Club
 Atlas Rogger ketch, 46"
 Rogger 34 Mark I
 

Sailing yachts

Motor yachts
Eista Werf. The Eista Werf was a boat building company in The Netherlands.  Boats were builts at its shipyard between the years 1959 and 1981, including the Doerak motoryacht, the Banjer motorsailer, the Rogger motorsailer and the Krammer motorsailer.  Overseas sales of boats produced by the shipyard were handled by Intermarine, Stangate Marine and Impex Enterprises (Thomas Tirion-Reading, PA). The designer of all Eista Werf boats was Dick Lefeber.

Owners of EISTA boats have started clubs. Each club has its own website: the Doerakclub , the Rogger Motorsailer Club , the Banjer Motorsailer Club  and the Krammer Motorsailer Club

External links
Eista Werf website - information concerning the history of the Eista Werf and boats that have been built there.

References

Dutch boat builders
Defunct companies of the Netherlands
Advanced superionic conductor. An advanced superionic conductor (AdSIC) in materials science, is a fast-ion conductor that has a crystal structure close to optimal for fast-ion transport (FIT).

History 
The term was introduced in a paper by A.L. Despotuli, A.V. Andreeva and B. Rambaby.

Characteristics 
The rigid ion sublattice of Advanced SuperIonic Conductors (AdSICs) has structure channels where mobile ions of opposite sign migrate. Their ion-transport characteristics display ionic conductivity of ~0.3/Ω cm (RbAg4I5, 300 K) and activation energy of Ei~0.1 eV. This determines the temperature-dependent concentration of mobile ions ni~Ni x eEi/kBT capable to migrate in conduction channels at each moment (Ni~1022/cm3, ni~2x1020/cm3, 300 K).

The Rubidium silver iodide–family is a group of AdSIC compounds and solid solutions that are isostructural with the RbAg4I5 alpha modification. Examples of such compounds with mobile Ag+- and Cu+-cations include KAg4I5, NH4Ag4I5, K1−xCsxAg4I5, Rb1−xCsxAg4I5, CsAg4Br1−xI2+x, CsAg4ClBr2I2, CsAg4Cl3I2, RbCu4Cl3I2 and KCu4I5.

RbAg4I5 AdSIC displays peculiar features of crystal structure and dynamics of mobile ions.

Recently, all solid state micrometre-sized supercapacitors based on AdSICs (nanoionic supercapacitors) had been recognized as critical electron component of future sub-voltage and deep-sub-voltage nanoelectronics and related technologies (22 nm technological node of CMOS and beyond). Researchers also developed an all-solid-state battery employing RbAg4I5 superionic conductor.

References

External links 
 

Electricity
Almond Aqueduct. The Almond Aqueduct, also known as the Lin's Mill Aqueduct, is a navigable aqueduct that carries the Union Canal over the River Almond in Scotland, west of Ratho, Edinburgh.

History
The aqueduct was built to a design by Hugh Baird, with advice from Thomas Telford, in tandem with the Slateford Aqueduct and Avon Aqueduct, with which it shares its design. Baird had originally proposed to have only a single span, with embankments carrying the canal the rest of the way, but eventually decided to use the same design as the other two aqueducts.

Telford was not convinced that the stone arches were necessary in conjunction with the iron trough, but Baird used both on all three major aqueducts. Construction was carried out by Messrs. Craven, Whitaker and Nowell between 1819 and 1821, their success in building a stone bridge over the River Ouse making their tender for the contract "by far the most eligible."

In 1970 it was designated as a scheduled monument and in 1971 it was given Category A status, being individually listed for each local authority (the river denotes the boundary between West Lothian and Edinburgh). In 2003 the Union Canal became a scheduled monument thus causing the aqueduct to be scheduled twice and leading to the original designation being removed in 2019.

Design
The Barton Aqueduct of 1761, and subsequent canal aqueducts in the United Kingdom, used large quantities of masonry and puddling to obtain watertightness. After the success of The Iron Bridge in 1789, however, cast iron was used by Telford on aqueducts such as Chirk and Pontcysyllte. Aqueducts built in the early part of the 19th century use either puddle clay or an iron trough in no particular pattern. The Almond Aqueduct uses an iron trough to achieve watertightness, as well as containing the outward pressure of the water, allowing it to be of more slender construction than a purely stone aqueduct such as the Kelvin Aqueduct.

Measuring  long, it carries the Union Canal  above the River Almond, from Edinburgh into West Lothian. A sluice into the Almond allows regulation of the water level in the canal, and near to the aqueduct is a feeder from Cobbinshaw Reservoir. The aqueduct can be reached by car by way of a track and by walkers and cyclists on the Union Canal towpath.

See also

 List of canal aqueducts in Great Britain

References

External links

Category A listed buildings in West Lothian
Category A listed buildings in Edinburgh
Bridges in Edinburgh
Listed bridges in Scotland
Navigable aqueducts in Scotland
Listed canals in Scotland
Vantasselite. Vantasselite is a rare aluminium phosphate mineral with formula: Al4(PO4)3(OH)3 •9H2O. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic system and has a white color, a hardness of 2 to 2.5, a white streak and a pearly luster.

It occurs in a quartzite quarry north of Bihain, Belgium It was first described in 1987 and named after Belgian mineralogist René Van Tassel.

References

Phosphate minerals
Aluminium minerals
Orthorhombic minerals
Kirk Martinez. Kirk Martinez is a Professor in Electronics and Computer Science at the University of Southampton UK. He gained a BSc in Physics from the University of Reading and a PhD in Image Processing in the department of Electronic Systems Engineering at the University of Essex. While Arts Computing Lecturer at Birkbeck College London (1987–96) he pioneered the digital imaging of paintings together with The National Gallery, London in the European project VASARI (1980s). This led to development of art imaging projects to print accurate art books (MARC project), view high detail images on the web (Viseum project) and find art images online (Artiste, SCULPTEUR and eCHASE). He has published this research in books on image processing and computer architecture as well as Transactions of the IEEE on content-based image retrieval He was an advisor on the imaging and image processing required for the Archimedes Palimpsest. Recent research led to a new imaging system for ancient seals together with Oxford University - which is helping to capture and read historic texts.

He is one of the founders of the Electronics and the Visual Arts: EVA Conferences. He helped to found the Earth and Space Science Informatics focus group of the American Geophysical Union, is was on the executive committee and has run ten annual sessions on applying sensor networks to earth science. In 2017 he received the AGU's Leptoukh award  for contributions to this area.

He is the co-founder of the VIPS (software) image processing package together with John Cupitt (while at the National Gallery London). This is used widely and available as a standard package in Linux distributions as well as for Microsoft Windows/OS X. It is known for mosaicing, colour and parallel processing/performance. It has become the fastest way to generate thumbnails and resize images on web servers so is in use in Wikipedia itself  and sites such as Booking.com.

His current research is on Environmental Sensor Networks 
which are wireless sensor networks for studying/monitoring the environment, particularly in relation to glaciers
 
and climate change (Glacsweb project). This research featured on BBC technology news and the BBC's News, it was the first wireless sensor network designed to be used in/under glaciers. His work to test the technology for landslide detection was also on BBC news. In 2014 he deployed what was probably the first low power, sub-GHz, 6LoWPAN fully-IP based Internet of Things environmental sensor network in the Cairngorms.

External links
His home page
Glacsweb
The VASARI project
1993 Computerworld nomination for the VASARI project
AGU Leptoukh Award 2017
The Turing Digital Archive - which Kirk helped to create.
work on Archimedes Palimpsest
VIPS publication

References 

1962 births
Living people
English computer scientists
Academics of Birkbeck, University of London
Academics of the University of Southampton
British computer scientists
Alumni of the University of Reading