omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Robert H. Roy. Robert Hall Roy (November 21, 1906 – October 8, 2000) was an American mechanical engineer and the former Dean of Engineering Science at Johns Hopkins University. He was born in Baltimore, Maryland.

Roy enrolled in mechanical engineering at Johns Hopkins in 1925, where he played lacrosse and was a member of the school's national championship team.  He was a defender on the U.S. national lacrosse team that competed in the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, where lacrosse was a demonstration sport.

After returning from the Olympics, Roy joined Waverly Press, where he worked in engineering and later became a vice president.  In 1939, he was invited to teach Industrial Organization and Management in the evening college of Johns Hopkins.  After World War II, he was appointed an associate professor of Industrial Engineering in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, and then assistant dean.

Roy's testimony in 1952 helped nine African Americans gain admission to the A course at Baltimore Polytechnic Institute.

Roy was appointed Dean of Engineering in 1956, and retired in 1973.  He was appointed Director of Chesapeake Research Consortium, which covered environmental concerns of state of Maryland.  In 1970, he was appointed to the board of governors of Washington College.  During his tenure at JHU, he received top awards in Industrial Engineering from the Institute of Industrial Engineers and served on many organizations for engineering education.  The Institute of Industrial Engineers (Maryland Chapter) created a Robert H. Roy medal to be given annually to a student from Baltimore Polytechnic School.  His former students and colleagues created a Robert H. Roy Fund in his honor in 1991 for graduate students.

Roy published a book, Administrative Process, which was used widely in many colleges.  He also wrote Bragolections -- The career Adventures of a Poo-Bah—available at Johns Hopkins Library and a prized possession of many of his friends.  Poo-Bah was a name given by his English teacher at Baltimore Polytechnic Institute.

Roy died in Towson, Maryland in 2000, at the age of 93.

External links
 Johns Hopkins University biography and index to papers
 

1906 births
2000 deaths
American mechanical engineers
American industrial engineers
Johns Hopkins University faculty
Lacrosse players at the 1928 Summer Olympics
Olympic lacrosse players for the United States
Johns Hopkins Blue Jays men's lacrosse players
Baltimore Polytechnic Institute alumni
Lacrosse players from Baltimore
Washington College people
20th-century American engineers
Merchant wind power. Merchant wind power (MWP) is a framework of developing electricity from wind turbines placed on land owned by brown-field sites, such as those of heavy industry. The wind-turbine operators then supply the land owners with power at reduced rates.

History 
The phrase was originally coined by Ecotricity, a UK-based, renewable energy company and wind developer. This has created a market where MWP companies install and operate the turbines on brown field sites, with site owners leasing land to the operator and purchasing green electricity at reduced rates.

In most cases the development, installation and operation of the turbine site is carried out by a company specialising in merchant wind power who effectively own and operate the turbines, taking all the financial risk required such as paying for procurement of turbines, installation cost etc.

In the United States 
Merchant power plant development began in the United States in 1998 with fossil fuel generation projects. In 2000, the first merchant wind plant constituted a signal that wind power costs had declined sufficiently to support investment in wind power without reliance on off-take contracts.

In the United States, "merchant power" refers to electric power generation plants built to serve spot electricity markets, without reliance on off-take contracts.  Typically, power plants in the US are built based on long-term (10–20 years) contracts or "power purchase agreement" with a wholesale purchaser (such as a regulated utility or power marketing firm).  Such arrangements allow for more favorable financing, as lenders and investors are more certain of future plant revenues when a credit-worthy utility agrees to purchase all or most future output at pre-defined prices (note, price may not be fixed, and can be defined either based on broad inflationary indices or linked to related commodity markets). However, in a merchant power arrangement, the plant is built without prior commitment of its output to contractual off-takers. Instead, the power is sold on a spot or short-term contract basis, such as on the PJM Interconnection, NYISO, or ISO-NE independent system operator power markets that have developed in the Northeastern US.

Examples
The 11MW wind farm in Madison, New York was the first merchant wind power plant in the United States. It was developed by the unregulated arm of PG&E by Laura Walker.

Enron had planned to build the first merchant wind power plant in the country. However, prior to beginning operation in June 1999, the 16.5MW California plant entered into a power purchase agreement for its output.  PG&E Generating Company's Madison Windpower Project began commercial operation in New York in October 2000 without relying on a power purchase agreement—thus making it the first pure merchant wind power plant in the country.

Another example of a merchant wind farm exists in the UK at Green Park which is situated on the M4 motorway in Reading.

See also
Electricity market
Power purchase agreement
Project finance

References

Wind power
Dennis Dagger. The Dennis Dagger is a compact fire engine manufactured by Dennis Specialist Vehicles from 1998 to 2007. It was built for fire brigades operating in narrow rural areas unsuitable for full-size fire engines, a market previously explored by the Dennis DS series.

First designed in 1997 with the internal codename of F98 (short for Fire 1998), production would begin by 2002. Visually and mechanically similar to the full-size Dennis Sabre, the Dennis Dagger could be bodied with a John Dennis Coachbuilders body.  Sales were originally aimed at the Kent and Devon and Somerset fire services, but in competition with other narrow truck conversions such as the MAN truck range, the Dagger sold poorly, going on to be the final new fire engine produced by Dennis Specialist Vehicles before the company's closure in 2007.

Operators of the Dennis Dagger included the Hertfordshire and West Sussex fire brigades, with the Merseyside Fire and Rescue Service and the Dublin Fire Brigade respectively operating two former demonstrators. A development chassis was registered as late as 2011.

See also
Dennis Sabre, the Dagger's full-size equivalent.

References

Firefighting equipment
Dagger
Dagger
Vogt Lo-100. The Lo-100 is an aerobatic glider of classic wood and fabric construction well suited to amateur building methods. The designation Lo was bestowed by the designer Alfred Vogt in memory of his brother Lothar Vogt, with whom he had developed the predecessor model Lo-105 Zwergreiher ('dwarf heron'). The first flight of the prototype took place in 1952 at the Klippeneck.
An example is on display at the Gliding Heritage Centre.

The single-piece wing has a main spar built from laminated beechwood in order to achieve the strength needed for aerobatics. The glider has no spoilers and must be landed using side-slip.

Specifications

See also

Notes

References

Further reading
Dietmar Geistmann, Die Segelflugzeuge in Deutschland, 
Georg Brütting, Die berühmtesten Segelflugzeuge,  
Martin Simons, Sailplanes, Vol. 2 1945-1965, EQIP
Peter Mallinson and Mike Woollard, Handbook of Glider Aerobatics
Eric Müller, Upside Down Faszination und Technik des Kunstflugs,

External links 

Sailplane Directory
Lo-100 "Alfred Vogt" (German language)
Alfred Vogt, Lo-100 Memories of the development (German language)
Dusseldorf airshow Lo-100 display and crash

1950s German sailplanes
Glider aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1952
Maurizio Seracini. Maurizio Seracini (born 1946) is a self-proclaimed diagnostician of Italian art.

A 1973 graduate in bioengineering from the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), he founded, in 1977, the first company in Italy for diagnostic and non-destructive analyses on art and architecture, Editech srl, Diagnostic Center for Cultural Heritage in Florence. Adapting technologies from the medical and military fields and other technical measuring instruments he has made possible diagnostics of art and search for art without destroying the artwork itself.

In 2007 Seracini founded the Center for Interdisciplinary Science for Art, Architecture and Archaeology (now known as the Cultural Heritage Engineering Initiative (CHEI)) at the University of California, San Diego's Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology (Calit2) in 2007 and served as its director until 2013. From 2014 to 2016, he was a visiting professor at the School of Engineering at Monash University, Melbourne.

Seracini has studied over 4,300 works of art, most notably Leonardo da Vinci's lost mural, the Battle of Anghiari, and The Last Supper, Boticelli's Allegory of Spring and Caravaggio's Medusa. He used high-frequency, surface-penetrating radar to locate the painting behind Vasari's Battle of Marciano in Val di Chiana. Seracini's theory was confirmed by an investigation authorized by the city council of Florence and the Italian Minister of Culture at the time.

Seracini has been collaborating extensively with prominent art investment entities in the Middle East since 2018, including the well-known Majestic Arts, located in Dubai.

Seracini is well known for his search for the Leonardo da Vinci mural The Battle of Anghiari in the Salone dei Cinquecento, Palazzo Vecchio, Florence, which has been the subject of significant controversy within the art community. Evidence against the continued existence of this mural was presented by 25 interdisciplinary experts, whose findings were published in 2018. 

Seracini is also notable for his multi-spectral diagnostic work on Leonardo's Adoration of the Magi which informed major restoration treatments carried out in 2016 by the Opificio delle pietre dure.

References

External links
Da Vinci Decoded
On the trail of the lost Leonardo, The Times

1946 births
Italian bioengineers
Living people
University of California, San Diego alumni
GQM-163 Coyote. The GQM-163 Coyote is a supersonic sea-skimming missile target built by Northrop Grumman (formerly Orbital ATK) and used by the United States Navy as a successor to the MQM-8 Vandal. Orbital's proposal was chosen over the MA-31, a joint venture between Boeing and Zvezda-Strela. Orbital was awarded the development contract for the Coyote SSST in June 2000.  

The Coyote is launched by a Hercules MK-70 booster, of similar design to those used by the obsolete RIM-67 Standard ER missiles.  After the booster stage is expended the missile switches to an Aerojet MARC-R-282 solid-fuel rocket/ramjet engine for sustained flight.

In July 2018, Orbital Sciences Corp was awarded a US$52m modification to its existing contract, for 18 Lot 12 targets plus some Foreign Military Sales.

Operators

 United States of America
 US Navy
 France
 French Navy
 Australia
 Australian Navy
 Japan
 Japan Maritime Self Defense Force

References

Ramjet-powered missiles
Orbital Sciences Corporation
Target drones of the United States
Target missiles
Military equipment introduced in the 2000s
Lockheed AQM-60 Kingfisher. The AQM-60 Kingfisher, originally designated XQ-5, was a target drone version of the USAF's X-7 ramjet test aircraft built by the Lockheed Corporation. The aircraft was designed by Kelly Johnson, who later created the Lockheed A-12 and its relatives, such as the Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird and Lockheed YF-12.

The X-7's development began in 1946 after a request from the USAF for a Mach 3 unmanned aerial vehicle for test purposes.  This craft evolved into the Kingfisher, which was later used to test anti-missile systems such as the MIM-3 Nike Ajax, SAM-A-25/MIM-14 Nike Hercules, and IM-99/CIM-10.

The Kingfisher was capable of evading the vast majority of weapons systems it was used to test, despite the systems being designed to destroy hypersonic missiles in flight. This created much embarrassment at the USAF and considerable political fallout. This led to the discontinuation of production in 1959 and the cancellation of the project in the mid-1960s.

The engine developed for the AQM-60 was later modified for use on the long range nuclear armed  CIM-10 Bomarc, which was a nationwide defense against nuclear bombers during the 1960s and early 1970s. An endurance variant of the same engine was produced for use in the Lockheed D-21, which was launched from the back of a Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird mothership or from under the wing of a Boeing B-52 Stratofortress nuclear bomber.

Specifications

References

External links

 Directory of US Military Rockets and Missiles
 http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-60.html

AQM-060
1950s United States special-purpose aircraft
Target drones of the United States
Single-engined jet aircraft
Ramjet-powered aircraft
Aircraft with auxiliary rocket engines
Mid-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1951
Cruciform tail aircraft
Charles Keefer. Charles Henry Keefer (1852 – 12 April 1932) was one of Canada's pioneering engineers.

Charles was the son of well-known Canadian civil engineer, Thomas Keefer.  Charles was born in Rideau Hall in Ottawa when it was the property of his grandfather, Thomas McKay, before it became the official residence of the Governor General of Canada. Although not formally educated, Keefer spent his early years employed as a surveyor on some of Canada's most important railway works including the Canada Central Railway (Ottawa to Carleton Place), the Chaudière branch of the St. Lawrence and Ottawa Railway, the Canadian Pacific Railway (Yellowhead Pass), and the Canada Atlantic Railway.

Between 1872 and 1875, he worked on the construction of the Ottawa Water Works as assistant engineer. He worked on Montreal Harbour Works in 1878 and between 1881 and 1885 he was division engineer during the construction of the New York, Lake Erie and Western Railway extensions.  In 1884-1885, he worked on the Kicking Horse Pass section of the C.P.R. and later became an engineer for the construction of the Tay Canal. He joined the Canadian Society of Civil Engineers (CSCE) in 1887 and was an active participant in discussing engineering matters through the journal of the Engineering Institute of Canada. He was elected as a "Member of Council" of (CSCE) in 1892, 1893,  and 1903, and became vice-president of that society in 1904-1905. In 1914, he was elected to the board of directors of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE).  Keefer's official biographer is historian Daniel Hambly.

In 1902, his daughter Mabel Crichton Keefer married James Fuidge Crowdy, who would later become Assistant Secretary to the Governor General of Canada. His granddaughter married James Kenneth Weir, 2nd Viscount Weir of Eastwood.

References

1852 births
1932 deaths
Harbour engineers
Canadian civil engineers
Letov LF-107 Luňák. The LF-107 Luňák () is a Czech aerobatic glider designed by Prague-based company Rudý Letov in the late 1940s. The design was developed within a prolific group of aeronautical engineers and sailplane pilots, including K. Dlouhý (later author of LET L-13 Blaník), J. Matejček, and B. Boček, led by chief designer Vladimír Štros.

Design and development

The first flight of the prototype took place on June 25, 1948, and a second prototype flew in July. The prototype participated later in the same year in aerobatic competition in Grenchen, Switzerland, and in Ziar, Poland in 1949, where its good aerobatic and gliding characteristics drew considerable attention.

Unfortunately, serial production was disrupted by geopolitical developments, as the factory was charged with production of MiG-15, MiG-19, MiG-21F aircraft, and access to Western civil export markets were progressively hampered by the emergence of the Iron Curtain. Therefore, only 75 examples of the Luňák were produced.

In 1950, a variant with simpler construction and a revised cockpit, among other changes, was developed. This LF-107 Luňák of wooden construction designated Letov VT-7 under the military training system was instrumental in the development of gliding and aerobatics in the Czech Republic. The LF-107 was also used for aerobatic training in the Soviet Union, Bulgaria, Romania and Poland.

XLF-207 Laminar
The Letov XLF-207 Laminar, a derivative of the Luňák, was the first glider in the world with a laminar flow wing. Its maiden flight took place in Praha Letnany in August 1951. Research into laminar flow wings was carried out by the XLF-207 Laminar, an LF-107 fitted with laminar flow wings. Presently there are only nine airworthy Luňáks, two of which are in the United Kingdom. A Luňák is displayed in the American Museum of Flight.

Variants

LF-107 Luňák
The initial production version of this aerobatic glider, 75 built.
VT-7
Simpler construction with a revised cockpit for use by the Czech military.
XLF-207 Laminar
The Letov XLF-207 Laminar was the first glider in the world with a laminar flow wing. Its maiden flight took place in Praha Letnany in August 1951.

Specifications (LF-107 Luňák)

See also

References

Further reading
German Wikipedia article :de:Letov LF 107 Luňák
Peter Mallinson and Mike Woollard, Handbook of Glider Aerobatics

External links

 German site dedicated to the Luňák
 Museum of Flight 
 Flying revue – LF 107 Luňák History (Czech) 

1940s Czechoslovak sailplanes
LF-107
Mid-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1948
Glider aircraft
Aircraft with fixed bicycle landing gear
Alphonse Beau de Rochas. Alphonse Eugène Beau de Rochas (9 April 1815, Digne-les-Bains, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence – 27 March 1893, Vincennes) was a French engineer. He was the first to patent the four-stroke engine in 1862, but he did not build one and the idea was subsequently developed by Nicolaus Otto and other engineers.

References

1815 births
1893 deaths
People from Digne-les-Bains
French engineers
Goloid. Goloid is an alloy of silver, gold and copper patented by Dr. William Wheeler Hubbell on May 22, 1877 (U.S. patent #191,146).  The patent specifies 1 part gold (about 3.6%), 24 parts silver (about 87.3%), and 2.5 parts copper (about 9.1%, all by weight); however, the patent also states that "The proportions may be slightly varied" and goes on to specify that the silver portion can range from 20 times to 30 times that of the gold, and the copper could range from one-eighth to one-twelfth (from 12.5% to 8.33%) of the total mixture.  The patent specifies that the metals be separately melted, then mixed, along with "sulphate of sodium or sulphate of potassium" in the amount of one part sulfate to one thousand parts metal.  The alloy, in varying proportions (sometimes slightly out of these specifications), was used by the United States Mint to strike pattern dollars, sometimes called "metric dollars" (some were marked with "metric" in the coin design, while all had metal proportions and total coin weight as design features) from 1878 to 1880.  Patterns of the same design were struck in other metals, including aluminum, copper, normal coin silver, lead, and white metal. 

In the end, goloid was rejected as a coinage metal because it could not be distinguished from the normal U.S. 90% silver coin alloy without chemical analysis, thus inviting counterfeiters to use silver-copper alloys alone to make lower-value copies.

References
Judd, J. Hewett, United States Pattern Coins: Complete Source for History, Rarity, and Values, 9th ed., Atlanta: Whitman Publishing, 2005, pp. 222–3, 225–6, 236–7, 239–40, and 320.  .
USPTO online patent search; direct link to patent.

Silver
Gold
Precious metal alloys
Coins of the United States
1877 introductions
SWISH-E. SWISH-E stands for Simple Web Indexing System for Humans - Enhanced.  It is used to index collections of documents ranging up to one million documents in size and includes import filters for many document types.

SWISH-E is based on SWISH, developed by Kevin Hughes. When Kevin Hughes stopped maintaining it, Roy Tennant (then at the University of California, Berkeley Library) requested in the mid-1990s to take responsibility for developing it further as a web indexing tool. Hughes assented, and for several years afterwards UC Berkeley Library staff developers and other volunteers maintained and enhanced it. It is no longer maintained, with an offline website and an archived repository at GitHub.

See also 

 the Najdi project from North Macedonia was developed on top of a Swish-e foundation

References

 How to Index Anything (PDF) by Josh Rabinowitz, Linux Journal, July 2003

External links
 Swish-e home page

Free search engine software
Poikilitic texture. Poikilitic texture refers to igneous rocks where large later-formed less perfect crystals ('oikocrysts') surround smaller early-formed idiomorphic crystals ('chadacrysts') of other minerals.  A poikilitic texture is most easily observed in petrographic thin sections.

In some rocks there seems to be little tendency for the minerals to envelop one another. This is true of many gabbros, aplites and granites. The grains then lie side by side, with the faces of the latter moulded on or adapted to the more perfect crystalline outlines of the earlier.

Ophitic
A variety of poikilitic texture, known as ophitic texture, is where laths of plagioclase are enclosed in pyroxene, olivine or other minerals. It is very characteristic of many diabases, in which large crystals of augite enclose smaller laths of plagioclase feldspar. Biotite and hornblende frequently enclose feldspar ophitically; less commonly iron oxides and sphene do so. In peridotites the "lustre-mottled" structure arises from pyroxene or hornblende enveloping olivine in the same manner. In these cases no crystallographic relation exists between the two minerals (enclosing and enclosed).

See also
 List of rock textures
 Poikiloblast

References

Igneous petrology