omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Heinkel HD 55. The Heinkel HD 55 was a biplane flying boat produced in Germany in the early 1930s for use as a reconnaissance aircraft aboard Soviet warships. The design was based on the HD 15 mail plane of 1927 and was a conventional design for its time, with equal span, unstaggered wings, and an engine mounted tractor-wise on struts above the pilot's open cockpit. A second open cockpit was added on the rear fuselage to provide a position for a tail gunner.

The HD 55 came about as a result of a meeting between Heinkel and Soviet officials in May 1929, leading to a contract for 15 such aircraft, and two pneumatic catapults similar to the type Heinkel had developed to launch the HE 12 mail plane from the , although this order was substantially increased as time went by. In Soviet service, the designation KR-1 was used (корабельный разведчик - Korabelniy Razvedchik - "Shipboard Reconnaissance").

The first catapult was installed on the battleship Parizhskaya Kommuna in October 1930, and trials commenced immediately, revealing problems with both the catapult and the aircraft. These difficulties were never fully resolved, and the KR-1 was plagued through its career by various structural defects. Nevertheless, the type was deployed into service, with catapults and aircraft installed at various times aboard the cruisers , , , and Profintern. The type lingered on in service well into obsolescence in the mid-1930s, mostly due to the failure of its intended replacement, the Beriev Be-2. The final operational use of the KR-1 was around 1938, and by 1941 all had been either scrapped or placed in indefinite storage.

Operators

Soviet Naval Aviation

Specifications

References

 

1920s German military reconnaissance aircraft
Flying boats
HD 55
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1929
DRB (disambiguation). DRB may refer to:

 Defence Research and Development Canada, the Canadian Defence Research Board
 Deshastha Rigvedi Brahmins
 Deutsche Reichsbahn, the German Imperial Railways or its wartime locomotive classes such as the DRB Class 50
 Deutscher Richterbund, the German Association of Judges
 5,6-Dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole, a chemical compound that inhibits gene transcription 
 Digital Radio Broadcast Specialist, a professional title regulated by the Society of Broadcast Engineers
 Distributed Ruby
 Douay–Rheims Bible
 DRB-HICOM, a Malaysian automotive company
 DRB Sports Cars, an Australian sports car company
 The Dublin Review of Books, a literary publication based in Ireland
 The IATA airport code for Derby Airport (Australia) in Western Australia
Nathaniel B. Nichols. Nathaniel B. Nichols (1914–1997) was an American control engineer who made significant contributions to the field of control theory. He is well known for his book Theory of Servomechanisms, one of the most widely read books in control engineering.

Nichols received a B.S. in chemistry in 1936 from Central Michigan University, and an M.S. in physics from the University of Michigan in 1937.

He was President of the IEEE Control Systems Society in 1968 and the American Automatic Control Council in 1974 and in 1975; and a recipient of the Rufus Oldenburger Medal (1969) and the Richard E. Bellman Control Heritage Award (1980).

References

External links
 Obituary

American control theorists
Richard E. Bellman Control Heritage Award recipients
1997 deaths
1914 births
Central Michigan University alumni
University of Michigan alumni
Irving Lefkowitz. Irving Lefkowitz (July 8, 1921 – June 21, 2015) was an American control engineer and Professor Emeritus at the Case Western Reserve University who made significant contributions to process dynamics, advanced control, and computer-based integrated and hierarchical systems control. Lefkowitz was a Life Fellow of the IEEE Control Systems Society, and a recipient of the Richard E. Bellman Control Heritage Award (1982).

He began his career in the industry working for Seagram, first in Baltimore, and later in Louisville, where he became director of corporate instrumentation and control research.

References

1921 births
2015 deaths
American people of Jewish descent
Control theorists
Case Western Reserve University alumni
Case Western Reserve University faculty
Richard E. Bellman Control Heritage Award recipients
MSWLogo. MSWLogo is a programming language which is interpreted, based on the computer language Logo, with a graphical user interface (GUI) front end. George Mills developed it at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Its core is the same as UCBLogo by Brian Harvey. It is free and open-source  software, with source code available, in Borland C++.

MSWLogo supports multiple turtle graphics, 3D computer graphics, and allows input from ports COM and LPT. It also supports a Windows interface, so input/output (I/O) is available through this GUI, and keyboard and mouse events can trigger interrupts. Simple GIF animations may also be produced on MSWLogo version 6.5 with the command gifsave. The program is also used as educational software. Jim Muller wrote The Great Logo Adventure, a complete Logo manual using MSWLogo as the demonstration language.

MSWLogo has evolved into FMSLogo: An Educational Programming Environment, a free, open-source implementation of the language Logo for Microsoft Windows. It is released under the GNU General Public License (GPL) and is mainly developed and maintained by David Costanzo.

Features

MSWLogo, as of version 6.5b, supports many functions, including:
 TCP/IP Winsock networking
 Win16, Win32, Win32s
 Text in all available fonts and sizes.
 1024 independent turtles.
 Bitmapped turtles
 Bitmap cut, paste, stretch
 Clipboard text and bitmaps
 MIDI devices
 Direct I/O to control external hardware
 Serial and parallel port communications
 Zooming
 Tail recursion: optimizes most recursive functions
 User error handling
 Standard Logo parsing
 Save and restore images. BMP format files
 Color bits per pixel: 1, 4, 8, 16, 24
 Standard Windows hypertext help
 Standard Windows printing
 Separate library and work area
 Construction of Windows dialogue boxes
 Event-driven programming: mouse, keyboard, timer
 Multimedia devices: WAV sound files, CD-ROM control, etc.
 Event timers allowing multiprocessing
 3D perspective drawing: wire-frame and solid
 Animated GIF generation

References

External links
 

Interpreters (computing)
Educational programming languages
Logo programming language family
Aichi E3A. The Aichi E3A was a reconnaissance seaplane developed in Germany as the Heinkel HD 56 to operate from warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, which designated it the Type 90-1 Reconnaissance Seaplane. It was a conventional single-bay biplane with staggered wings braced by N-type interplane struts. The pilot and gunner sat in tandem, open cockpits.

Design and development
Aichi Tokei Denki requested a design for a reconnaissance seaplane from Heinkel to enter in an IJN competition. Heinkel built a single HD 56 prototype that was evaluated against the Nakajima E4N and the Kawanishi E5K. The Heinkel design was announced the winner in 1931, on the condition that Aichi would address some shortcomings, particularly a lack of range. Refined versions of the "losing" Nakajima and Kawanishi designs would eventually see production, with the Nakajima design being built in far greater numbers.

Modifications to the HD 56 by Aichi included reductions in length and span, the replacement of the prototype's Wright Whirlwind with a locally-built Hitachi Tempu, and numerous detail changes. Flight tests were carried out at Nagoya in August 1931, and the type was accepted into service the following year. E3As were still in service aboard Sendai class cruisers at the beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War.

Specifications (E3A1)

Notes

References

1920s German military reconnaissance aircraft
Floatplanes
Heinkel aircraft
E03A
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1929
Heinkel He 62. The Heinkel He 62 was a reconnaissance seaplane designed in Germany in the early 1930s. It was a conventional, single-bay biplane with unstaggered wings of equal span. The pilot and gunner sat in tandem, open cockpits. A few aircraft were supplied to Japan, where Aichi built a version as the AB-5, and used it as the basis for the AB-6, but no series production took place. The AB-5 used a locally produced Nakajima Kotobuki in place of the Siemens engine fitted to the German-built aircraft.

Specifications (He 62)

References
 
 

1930s German military reconnaissance aircraft
Floatplanes
He 062
He 62, Heinkel
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1932
Junzō Yoshimura. was a Japanese architect.

Early career

Yoshimura dated his desire to become an architect to the day he first entered Frank Lloyd Wright's Imperial Hotel in Tokyo, shortly after the Kanto earthquake of 1923. "“It was the first time that I felt emotional when faced with architecture. I said to my myself, this really shows the power of space. I felt that architecture was something extraordinary. It’s certainly the main reason I became an architect.” 

In December 1928, while a student at Tokyo's Fine Arts College, Yoshimura began part-time work at Antonin Raymond's office, becoming full-time after he graduated in 1931. Among other work, he performed on-site supervision for the Akaboshi Cottage (1931) for Japanese golfer Shiro Akaboshi, a house for Kisuke Akaboshi (1932) and the Kawasaki House (1934).

In May 1940 he travelled to Antonin's home in New Hope, Pennsylvania, spending fourteen months living and working in the studio there. He oversaw the installation of a small tea house at the Japan Institute in New York City.

Later career

On his return to Tokyo in 1941 he set up his own practice. In 1953, because of his connections with Raymond, Yoshimura secured the project to design a traditional Japanese Tea House in the garden of the Museum of Modern Art in New York.  This house, named Shofuso, or Pine Breeze Villa, was moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1957, where it remains as a historic site open to the public as Shofuso Japanese House and Garden.

In 1955 he collaborated with Kunio Maekawa and Junzo Sakakura to design the International House of Japan in Roppongi, Tokyo. This cultural exchange complex is located within estates owned by samurai lords in the Edo period. It is constructed in-situ thin-set reinforced concrete walls, pre-cast concrete columns and beams and Oya Stone.

Yoshimura's later works include the Tikotin Museum of Japanese Art (1959) in Haifa,  Tokyo Imperial Palace (1968), Japan House (with George G. Shimamoto of Kelly & Gruzen, 1969–71) in New York City, the East and West Wings of the Nara National Museum (1972) and the Royal Norwegian Embassy (1977) in Tokyo.

With his colleagues, he won the Prize of the Architectural Institute of Japan for Specific Contribution for the International House of Japan.

Footnotes

References
 
 
 Spring 2005, "Do_co,mo.mo Japan: the 100 selection", The Japan Architect, No57
 

1908 births
1997 deaths
Artists from Tokyo
20th-century Japanese architects
Heinkel He 63. The Heinkel He 63 was a trainer biplane built in Germany in the early 1930s. It was a largely conventional design with single-bay wings, fixed tailskid undercarriage, and two open cockpits in tandem. An unusual feature of the design was the highly swept, arrow-shaped upper wing, braced to the lower wing by N-type struts. Prototypes of the He 63 were built in both landplane and seaplane form, but no production ensued.

Specifications (Landplane)

References
 
 

1930s German civil trainer aircraft
He 063
Stemme S10. The Stemme S10 is a self-launching sailplane produced by Stemme AG in Strausberg (Germany) since the 1980s. The engine is mounted amidships and it features an unusual folding propeller which is stowed inside the aircraft's nose-cone when the engine is not in use.

Design and development
The Stemme S10 also has several unusual features such as a tailwheel undercarriage and a side-by-side cockpit. It does not have a tow hook connection so it must self-launch. The two main wheels retract and lower electrically, though they can also be lowered manually if needed. There is an option to fold wings to reduce hangar span to . The engine restart time is 5 seconds. A solar panel can provide additional electrical power during long flights. It has a steerable tailwheel, Schempp-Hirth spoilers and optional winglets. The current variant, the S10-VT, has a variable-pitch propeller which allows more power during take off, and a new turbocharged Bombardier Rotax 914F engine in place of the earlier Limbach L2400. Most parts are made in Poland, but future production will be handled by Remos Aircraft.

First seen at the 1996 Berlin Air Show, the S15 variant has a span reduced to  and has two underwing hardpoints for scientific or surveillance sensor pods.  There is also an unpiloted version, the S-UAV, again intended for surveillance.

Operational history

Atmospheric measurements were made with S10 VT during the Mountain Wave Project (MWP) Expedition Argentina'99  record flight to Tierra del Fuego and during Expedition Mendoza 2006, when scientific measurements of atmospheric turbulence were made up to  around and over the highest mountain of the Americas, Aconcagua.
 
An S10 was flown by Klaus Ohlmann as a pure glider for a record distance of  , in a 14-hour flight.

Two examples were used by the United States Air Force Academy between 1995 and 2002 under the designation TG-11A.

In December 2017, the Colombian Air Force received two Stemme S10 VTs for training purposes.

Variants
S10
Standard production variant.
S10V
Variable pitch prop variant.

S10VC
Surveillance variant with underwing sensor pods.
S10-VT
115hp Turbocharged Rotax 914F power.
TG-11A
S10s operated by the U.S. Air Force Academy

Specifications (S 10-VT)

References

External links

Manufacturer's website
USAF AETC website
Mountain Wave Project website with FAI-world records - S10 VT

S10
1980s German sailplanes
Motor gliders
T-tail aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Mid-engined aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1986
Bagmane Tech Park. Bagmane Tech Park is a software technological park in India. The park is situated at CV Raman Nagar in Bengaluru. This park is built and maintained by Bagmane Group. The park shares its boundaries with HAL and DRDO and is near the HAL Airport. It is equipped with all modern class facilities and is surrounded by a lake near the entrance.

The park is home to some of the most prominent companies in world like Boeing India Pvt Ltd etc., Alstom Transport, CommVault Systems, Netserv Technologies, Informatica, Infineon Technologies, Dover Corporation, HSBC, Motorola, Hewlett Packard Enterprise, Publicis Sapient, Grant Thornton India, Oracle Financial Services Software Limited, HP, Juniper Networks, Ericsson, Lenovo, Texas Instruments, LinkedIn, MphasiS, Sasken, Micro Focus, Cognizant Technology Solutions, Ogilvy, Volvo, Dell, Tecnotree, Concur Technologies, PwC, BankBazaar, CME Group, Palo Alto Networks, Campus Management Corp, Indium Software India Pvt Ltd.

The park consists of 10 large buildings.

References

External links
 The Official Website for Bagmane group

Software technology parks in Bengaluru
Server change number. The Server Change Number (SCN) is a counter variable used in Client/Server Architecture systems to find out whether the server state could be synchronized with the state of the client. In case of a difference, there have been obviously communication problems.

The number is incremented once the server has successfully integrated changes coming from the client in the case of a server-side event. The counter is incremented once more, if the changes made by the programmer are committed.

Servers (computing)
SSIES. SSIES, or the Special Sensors-Ions, Electrons, and Scintillation thermal plasma analysis package is a suite of instruments built by the William B. Hanson center for Space Sciences at the University of Texas at Dallas and flown on a number of the DMSP satellites.  SSIESS includes a Retarding Potential Analyzer (RPA), and Ion Drift meter (IDM), a scintillation meter, and a Langmuir probe.

References
UTD SSIES Homepage 

Space science experiments
Kumpati S. Narendra. Kumpati S. Narendra is an American control theorist, who currently holds the Harold W. Cheel Professorship of Electrical Engineering at Yale University. He received the Richard E. Bellman Control Heritage Award in 2003. He is noted "for pioneering contributions to stability theory, adaptive and learning systems theory." He is also well recognized for his research work towards learning including Neural Networks and Learning Automata.

Narendra obtained his Ph.D. at Harvard University in 1959. He has been the advisor of 47 doctoral students and 35 postdoctoral and visiting fellows. Of the 47 students, four were at Harvard University and thirty nine were at Yale University. Four others who completed their work under his direction received their degrees from other universities.

Research areas
Nonlinear dynamical systems
Artificial neural networks
Learning automata
Adaptive control
Stability theory

Honors and awards

Franklin V. Taylor Award (IEEE SMC Society), 1972
Fellow, IEEE, 1979
Fellow, IEE (UK), 1981
George S. Axelby Outstanding Paper Award (IEEE Control Systems Society), 1988
John R. Ragazzini Award (American Automatic Control Council), 1990
Outstanding Paper Award of the Neural Network Council (IEEE), 1991
Neural Network Leadership Award (International Neural Network Society), 1994
Distinguished Visiting Scientist (Jet Propulsion Laboratory), 1994-1995
The Bode Prize/Lecture (IEEE Control Systems Society), 1995
(Honorary) Doctor of Science (Anna University, formerly University of Madras), 1995
Distinguished Speaker (Texas A&M), 1997
Life Fellow (IEEE), 1997
Distinguished Speaker (University of Virginia), 2001
Harold W. Cheel Professor of Electrical Engineering (Yale University), 2003
Richard E. Bellman Control Heritage Award (AACC), 2003
Walton Fellow, Ireland (2007)
(Honorary) Doctor of Science (University of Ireland, Maynooth), 2007
Neural Networks Pioneer Award (IEEE Computational Intelligence Society), 2008

References

External links
 Yale profile

American control theorists
Richard E. Bellman Control Heritage Award recipients
Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences alumni
Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science faculty
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Arthur E. Bryson. Arthur Earl Bryson Jr. (born October 7, 1925)  is the Paul Pigott Professor of Engineering Emeritus at Stanford University and the "father of modern optimal control theory". With Henry J. Kelley, he also pioneered an early version of the backpropagation procedure,
now widely used for machine learning and artificial neural networks.

He was a member of the U.S. Navy V-12 program at Iowa State College, and received his B.S. in aeronautical engineering there in 1946.  He earned his Ph.D. from the California Institute of Technology, graduating in 1951.  His thesis An Interferometric Wind Tunnel Study of Transonic Flow past Wedge and Circular Arcs was advised by Hans W. Liepmann.

Bryson was the Ph.D. advisor to the Harvard control theorist Yu-Chi Ho.

In 1970, Bryson was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering for contributions to engineering education and imaginative application of modern statistical methods to engineering optimization.

Awards and honors
He was awarded membership into the National Academy of Engineering in 1970 and the National Academy of Sciences in 1973. He was awarded the John R. Ragazzini Award in 1982 from the American Automatic Control Council, the IEEE Control Systems Science and Engineering Award in 1984, the Richard E. Bellman Control Heritage Award in 1990 from the American Automatic Control Council and the Daniel Guggenheim Medal in 2009.

References

External links
 Salute to Arthur E. Bryson Jr.

American control theorists
Richard E. Bellman Control Heritage Award recipients
Living people
Stanford University School of Engineering faculty
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
1925 births
United States Navy personnel of World War II
United States Navy officers
Particle mesh. Particle Mesh (PM) is a computational method for determining the forces in a system of particles. These particles could be atoms, stars, or fluid components and so the method is applicable to many fields, including molecular dynamics and astrophysics. The basic principle is that a system of particles is converted into a grid (or "mesh") of density values. The potential is then solved for this density grid, and forces are applied to each particle based on what cell it is in, and where in the cell it lies.

Various methods for converting a system of particles into a grid of densities exist. One method is that each particle simply gives its mass to the closest point in the mesh. Another method is the Cloud-in-Cell (CIC) method, where the particles are modelled as constant density cubes, and one particle can contribute mass to several cells.

Once the density distribution is found, the potential energy of each point in the mesh can be determined from the differential form of Gauss's law, which—after identifying the electric field  as the negative gradient of the electric potential —gives rise to a Poisson equation that is easily solved after applying the Fourier transform. Thus it is faster to do a PM calculation than to simply add up all the interactions on a particle due to all other particles for two reasons: firstly, there are usually fewer grid points than particles, so the number of interactions to calculate is smaller, and secondly the grid technique permits the use of Fourier transform techniques to evaluate the potential, and these can be very fast.

PM is considered an obsolete method as it does not model close interaction between particles well. It has been supplanted by the Particle-Particle Particle-Mesh method, which uses a straight particle-particle sum between nearby particles in addition to the PM calculation.

See also 
 P3M
 Particle mesh method
 Particle mesh Ewald method
 Madelung constant
 Poisson summation formula
 Paul Peter Ewald

Computational physics
Martempering. Martempering is also known as stepped quenching or interrupted quenching. In this process, steel is heated above the upper critical point (above the transformation range) and then quenched in a hot-oil, molten-salt, or molten-lead bath kept at a temperature of 150-300 °C. The workpiece is held at this temperature above martensite start (Ms) point until the temperature becomes uniform throughout the cross-section of the workpiece. After that, it is cooled in air or oil to room temperature. The steel is then tempered. In this process, austenite is transformed to martensite by step quenching, at a rate fast enough to avoid the formation of ferrite, pearlite, or bainite.

In the martempering process, austenitized metal part is immersed in a bath at a temperature just above the martensite start temperature (Ms). By using interrupted quenching, the cooling is stopped at a point above the martensite transformation region to ensure sufficient time for the center to cool to the same temperature as the surface. The metal part is then removed from the bath and cooled in air to room temperature to permit the austenite to transform to martensite. Martempering is a method by which the stresses and strains generated during the quenching of a steel component can be controlled. In martempering, steel is heated to above the critical range to make it all austenite.

The drawback of this process is that the large section cannot be heat treated by this process.

See also
Austempering
Tempering (metallurgy)

References

External links
Heat Treating Terms and Definitions, Engineers Edge

Metal heat treatments