omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
David Hanson (computer scientist). David R. Hanson is a software engineer who worked at Google until he retired in January 2012, working in programming languages, compilers, software tools, and programming environments.

Biography
Before joining Google, he was with Microsoft Research, Princeton, University of Arizona, and Yale. He has written many journal and conference papers and two books: A Retargetable C Compiler: Design and Implementation with Christopher Fraser, which describes lcc, a widely used compiler for Standard C, and C Interfaces and Implementations: Techniques for Creating Reusable Software.

Hanson is largely responsible for designing and implementing the "View as Slideshow" feature for PowerPoint and attachments in Google's Gmail system.

Hanson enjoys skiing and cycling. He also builds furniture.

References

External links
 Home page for David R. Hanson
 List of publications from the DBLP Bibliography Server
 lcc web site
 C Interfaces and Implementations web site

Hanson, David R.
Princeton University faculty
University of Arizona faculty
Yale University faculty
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
MAPS Aero Expo. The MAPS Aero Expo is an aircraft exposition show featuring antique aircraft and modern aircraft on display for the public in Akron, Ohio, at the Akron Fulton International Airport. The Expo features aircraft for visitors to see up close as well as aerial demonstrations in both fighter jets and antique planes.

External links
MAPS Air Museum

Air shows in the United States
Aviation in Ohio
Tourist attractions in Akron, Ohio
Events in Ohio
Ellen Spertus. Ellen R. Spertus is an American computer scientist who is currently the Elinor Kilgore Snyder Professor of computer science at Mills College, Oakland, California, and a former senior research scientist at Google.

Early life and education 
Spertus grew up in Glencoe, Illinois, where she attended New Trier High School.

At MIT she received a Bachelor of Science in computer science and engineering in 1990, a Master of Science in electrical engineering and computer science in 1992, and a Doctor of Philosophy in electrical engineering and computer science in 1998, with a Ph.D. thesis entitled ParaSite: mining the structural information on the World-Wide Web.

Career 
Spertus has written articles treating both technical and social subjects, often combining the two. In 1993, she was profiled in The New York Times as one of the "women who might change the face of the computer industry" and in a follow-up article in 2003. In 2001, she was named "The Sexiest Geek Alive".

While at Google, Spertus spent her time working on App Inventor for Android, a block based development platform with a graphical user interface (GUI) that lets developers and amateurs create applications for Android. In May 2011, O'Reilly Media published the book App Inventor, which Spertus co-authored with David Wolber, Hal Abelson, and Liz Looney.  She spent several summers between terms working for Microsoft.

Spertus was a lessee of one of the approximately 1,000 General Motors EV1s. She is married to computer scientist Keith Golden.

In 2014, she went on Sabbatical from Mills to work with Google for the development of the Blockly programming environment.

References

External links

, Mills College: Mathematics & Computer Science

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
MIT School of Engineering alumni
Google employees
American women computer scientists
American computer scientists
New Trier High School alumni
Mills College faculty
American women academics
21st-century American women
Allume Systems. Allume Systems was a software developer, founded in 1988 by David Schargel and Jonathan Kahn in New York City as Aladdin Systems to develop, publish and distribute software for personal computers. Aladdin Systems was incorporated in January 1989.

In April 2004, the company was acquired by PC software publisher International Microcomputer Software Inc. (IMSI). A few months later in July, the company was forced to change its name from Aladdin Systems as part of a settlement of a trademark lawsuit with Aladdin Knowledge Systems. In 2005, Allume Systems was acquired by Smith Micro Software from IMSI.

Products 
As Aladdin Systems, they originally developed exclusively for Macintosh, focusing on data compression and management utilities, such as the StuffIt family of compression utilities and the StuffIt InstallerMaker delivery suite, the ShrinkWrap disk image utility, and its Spring Cleaning system optimization utility.

As Aladdin Systems, the company purchased the ShrinkWrap disk image utility from Macintosh shareware developer Chad Magendanz in 1996.

As early as 1995, Allume began to release some elements of StuffIt to Windows while not releasing the full StuffIt for Windows until 2000. StuffIt was later ported to both Linux and Solaris in 2001.  Under Smith Micro, both Unix products have since been discontinued. By this time, Allume began to publish or distribute a full line of graphics, imaging, internet security, and utility software.

In response to the success of the popular marine aquarium fishtank simulator, they have also released their own line of fish sims known as Aquazone.

References

External links
Smith Micro Software

Watsonville, California
Companies based in Santa Cruz County, California
Software companies established in 1988
2005 mergers and acquisitions
Defunct software companies of the United States
Tetraamminecopper(II) sulfate. Tetraamminecopper(II) sulfate monohydrate, or more precisely tetraammineaquacopper(II) sulfate, is the salt with the formula , or more precisely [. This dark blue to purple solid is a sulfuric acid salt of the metal complex  (tetraammineaquacopper(II) cation). It is closely related to Schweizer's reagent, which is used for the production of cellulose fibers in the production of rayon.

Synthesis
This compound can be prepared by adding concentrated aqueous solution of ammonia to a saturated aqueous solution of copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate followed by precipitation of the product with ethanol or isopropanol.

Chemical reaction and solubility

The deep blue crystalline solid tends to hydrolyse and evolve (release) ammonia upon standing in air. It is fairly soluble in water. The brilliant dark blue-violet color of tetraamminecopper(II) sulfate solution is due to presence of  (tetraamminecopper(II) cation). Often, the dark blue-violet color is used as a positive test to verify the presence of  in a solution.

Structure and properties 
The solid state structure of tetraamminecopper(II) sulfate monohydrate confirms that the compound is a salt. The complex cation is  (tetraammineaquacopper(II) cation), which has a square pyramidal molecular geometry. The Cu-N and Cu-O bond length are about 210 and 233 pm, respectively, as determined by X-ray crystallography. The correct concentrations of ammonia and copper(II) sulfate solution needed to synthesize the complex can be determined by colorimetry. The combination of the correct concentrations will produce the highest absorbance read out on the colorimeter and as a result the formula of the complex can be verified.

Corrosion
The characteristic deep blue colour of the tetraammine complex is found in brass and copper alloys where attack from ammonia has occurred, leading to cracking. The problem was first found in ammunition cartridge cases when they were stored near animal waste, which produced trace amounts of ammonia. This type of corrosion is known as season cracking.

Uses
The closely related Schweizer's reagent is used for the production of cuprammonium rayon.

References

Copper complexes
Sulfates
Ammine complexes
Tetraamminecopper(II) compounds
Suspension tower. In an electric power transmission line, a suspension tower is where the conductors are simply suspended from the tower, the mechanical tension being the same on each side.

In this case, the tower is supposed to carry a downward force, and a lateral force, but not a longitudinal force.

These may have, for each conductor, an insulator string hanging down from the tower, or two strings making a "V" shape. In either case, sometimes several insulator strings are used in parallel to give higher mechanical strength.
These are used where a transmission line continues in a straight line, or turns through a small angle. In other cases, a tension tower  (C or D Towers) is used.

See also
 Dead-end tower
 Transposition tower

References

Pylons
Laumontite. Laumontite is a mineral, one of the zeolite group. Its molecular formula is , a hydrated calcium-aluminium silicate. Potassium or sodium may substitute for the calcium but only in very small amounts.

It is monoclinic, space group C2/m.  It forms prismatic crystals with a diamond-shaped cross-section and an angled termination.  When pure, the color is colorless or white.  Impurities may color it orange, brownish, gray, yellowish, pink, or reddish.  It has perfect cleavage on [010] and [110] and its fracture is conchoidal.  It is very brittle.  The Mohs scale hardness is 3.5-4.  It has a vitreous luster and a white streak.
It is found in hydrothermal deposits left in calcareous rocks, often formed as a result of secondary mineralization.  Host rock types include basalt, andesite, metamorphic rocks and granites. It forms at a temperature of about , and becomes unstable above about , and so its presence in sedimentary rocks indicates that these have experienced intermediate diagenesis.

The identification of laumontite goes back to the early days of mineralogy.  It was first named lomonite by R. Jameson (System of Mineralogy) in 1805, and laumonite by René Just Haüy in 1809.  The current name was given by K.C. von Leonhard (Handbuch der Oryktognosie) in 1821.  It is named after Gillet de Laumont who collected samples from lead mines in Huelgoat, Brittany, making them the type locality.

Laumontite easily dehydrates when stored in a low humidity environment.  When freshly collected, if it has not already been exposed to the environment, it can be translucent or transparent.  Over a period of hours to days the loss of water turns it opaque white.  In the past, this variety has been called leonhardite, though this is not a valid mineral species.  The dehydrated laumontite is very friable, often falling into a powder at the slightest touch.

It is a common mineral, found worldwide.  It can be locally abundant, forming seams and veins.  It is frequently associated with other zeolites, including stilbite and heulandite.  Notable occurrences are India; Paterson, New Jersey; Pine Creek, California; Iceland; Scotland; and the Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia.  Prehnite pseudomorphs after laumontite (epimorphs) have been found in India.

References

Mindat Laumontite
Webmineral Laumontite
IMA Zeolite Classification

External links
Structure type LAU

Calcium minerals
Aluminium minerals
Zeolites
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 12
Luminescent minerals
Laurite. Laurite is an opaque black, metallic ruthenium sulfide mineral with formula: RuS2. It crystallizes in the isometric system. It is in the pyrite structural group. Though it's been found in many localities worldwide, it is extremely rare.

Laurite has a Mohs hardness of 7.5 and a specific gravity of 6.43. It can contain osmium, rhodium, iridium, and iron substituting for the ruthenium. The sulfur is present as the disulfide ion, , so the ruthenium is in the Ru(II) oxidation state.

Discovery and occurrence
It was discovered in 1866 in Borneo, Malaysia and named for Laurie, the wife of Charles A. Joy, an American chemist. It occurs in ultramafic magmatic cumulate deposits and sedimentary placer deposits derived from them. It occurs associated with cooperite, braggite, sperrylite, other minerals of the platinum group elements and chromite.

Synthetic RuS2 is a highly active catalyst for hydrodesulfurization.

References

Disulfides
Ruthenium minerals
Pyrite group
Transition metal dichalcogenides
Cubic minerals
Minerals in space group 205
Ruthenium(II) compounds
Minerals described in 1866
Lazulite. Lazulite or Azure spar is a transparent to semi-opaque, blue mineral that is a phosphate of magnesium, iron, and aluminium, with the chemical formula . Lazulite forms one endmember of a solid solution series with the darker, iron-rich scorzalite.

Lazulite crystallizes in the monoclinic system. Its crystal habits include steep bipyramidal or wedge-shaped crystals.  Lazulite has a Mohs hardness of 5.5–6.0 and a specific gravity of 3.0–3.1. It is infusible and insoluble.

Occurrence and discovery

Lazulite forms by high-grade metamorphism of silica-rich rocks and in pegmatites. It occurs in
association with quartz, andalusite, rutile, kyanite, corundum, muscovite, pyrophyllite,
dumortierite, wagnerite, svanbergite, trolleite, and berlinite in metamorphic terrains; and with albite, quartz, muscovite, tourmaline and beryl in pegmatites.
It may be confused with lazurite, lapis lazuli or azurite.

The type locality is in Freßnitzgraben in Krieglach, it's also found in Salzburg, Austria; Zermatt, Switzerland; Minas Gerais, Brazil; Lincoln County, Georgia; Inyo County, California; the Yukon in Canada; and elsewhere.

It was first described in 1795 for deposits in Styria, Austria. Its name comes from the German , for 'blue stone' or from the Arabic for heaven.

References

Aluminium minerals
Iron(II) minerals
Magnesium minerals
Phosphate minerals
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 14
WSI. The acronym WSI may refer to:

 Wafer-scale integration, a technique for building large integrated circuits
 Wall Street Institute, the former name of Wall Street English, an English language education company
 Walter Schottky Institute, a research center at the Technical University of Munich
 Water Safety Instructor, a person qualified to teach swimming lessons
 Weather Services International, a sister company to The Weather Channel, specializing in weather data and software
 Weather Stress Index, a relative measure of weather conditions
 Web Services Interoperability, Organization (WS-I), computer industry consortium
 Western Sydney Airport – the IATA code of this under-construction airport in Sydney
 Western Sydney Institute of TAFE, college institute in New South Wales
 Winter Soldier Investigation, inquiry into war crimes resulting from United States policies in the Vietnam War
 Wojskowe Służby Informacyjne, Poland's former military intelligence services
 World Security Institute, think-tank for independent research and journalism on global affairs
 World Sindhi Institute, a human rights organization based in Washington, D.C., United States
 Wrimare School Inc., a private school in Obando, Bulacan, Philippines
FV438 Swingfire. The FV438 Swingfire was an armoured anti-tank vehicle of the British Army. It was derived from the FV430 series of vehicles by converting the FV432 to accommodate a launcher for Swingfire anti-tank guided missiles.

The FV438 carried fourteen missiles and had two firing bins, which could be reloaded from inside the vehicle. It was fitted with a Hensoldt 1x & 10x Military Periscope Monocular Guided Missile Sight, firing station and guidance system. It also carried a separate Barr & Stroud thermal imaging sight and control unit, which could be deployed up to 75 metres away from, and 15m above or below, the vehicle, connected to it by a cable. This enabled the missiles to be aimed and fired whilst the vehicle remained camouflaged, completely hidden from the enemy in dead ground or behind cover. The Swingfire missile had a thrust-vectoring engine nozzle which gave it the capability to make a ninety-degree turn immediately after leaving the launch bin in order to get into the controller's line of sight.

When FV438 entered service in the 1970s, it was operated by specialised anti-tank units of the British Infantry and Royal Armoured Corps. In 1977, the anti-tank role was transferred to the Royal Artillery, which formed the FV438s into four independent Royal Horse Artillery batteries, one for each Armoured Division in the British Army of the Rhine. In 1984, the Royal Artillery relinquished the anti-tank role and the FV438s were formed into guided-weapon troops (each of 9 vehicles), one for each Armoured Regiment.

See also 
 FV102 Striker, another Swingfire carrier, based on the CVR(T) chassis, with a fixed-azimuth five rail launcher hinged towards the rear of the hull roof.

References

Cold War armoured fighting vehicles of the United Kingdom
Military vehicles introduced in the 1970s
Anti-tank missile carrier
Cluster impact fusion. Cluster Impact Fusion is a suggested method of producing practical fusion power using small clusters of heavy water molecules directly accelerated into a titanium-deuteride target. Calculations suggested that such a system enhanced the cross section by many orders of magnitude. It is a particular implementation of the larger beam-target fusion concept.

The idea was first reported by researchers at Brookhaven in 1989. Intrigued by recent reports of cold fusion, they attempted to study potential causes for the effect by accelerating tiny droplets of heavy water, about 25 to 1300 D2O molecules each, into a target at about 220 eV. To their surprise they immediately saw fusion effects, at a rate that was many times what any of them could explain via conventional theory.

The experiment was fairly simple in concept but required an appropriate accelerator, so it was some time before other labs were able to repeat the experiments. One of the first was the University of Washington, who reported a null result in 1991. Further experiments and a review from MIT in 1992 solved the mystery: the fusion products were the results of contamination, which could be eliminated by filtering with a magnet. The Brookhaven experimenters tried this and the effect disappeared. 

Cluster impact fusion references end abruptly at that point.

See also 
 Impact fusion, which fires Macron (physics) or other projectiles into fuel to compress and heat it

References 

Nuclear technology
Cold fusion
SAC programming language. SAC (Single Assignment C) is a strict purely functional programming language whose design is focused on the needs of numerical applications. Emphasis is laid on efficient support for array processing via data parallelism. Efficiency concerns are essentially twofold. On the one hand, efficiency in program development is to be improved by the opportunity to specify array operations on a high level of abstraction. On the other hand, efficiency in program execution, i.e. the runtime performance of programs, in time and memory consumption, is still to be achieved by sophisticated compilation schemes. Only as far as the latter succeeds, the high-level style of specifications can actually be called useful.

To facilitate compiling to efficiently executable code, certain functional language features which are not considered essential for numerical applications, e.g. higher-order functions, polymorphism, or lazy evaluation, are not (yet) supported by SAC. These may be found in general-purpose functional languages, e.g. Haskell, Clean, Miranda, or ML.

To overcome the acceptance problems encountered by other functional or array based languages intended for numerical / array intensive applications, e.g. SISAL, NESL, Nial, APL, J, or K, particular regard is paid to ease the transition from a C / Fortran like programming environment to SAC.

In more detail, the basic language design goals of SAC are to:

 provide a purely functional language with a syntax very similar to that of C in order to ease, for a large community of programmers, the transition from an imperative to a functional programming style;
 support multi-dimensional arrays as first class objects;
 allow the specification of shape- and dimension-invariant array operations;
 provide high-level array operations that liberate programming from tedious and error-prone specifications of starts, stops and strides for array traversals thereby improving code reusability and programming productivity, in general.
 incorporate a module system that allows for separate compilation, separate name spaces, and abstract data types, and, additionally, provides an interface to foreign languages in order to enable reuse of existing code;
 provide means for a smooth integration of states and state modifications into the functional paradigm based on uniqueness types;
 use the module system, the foreign language interface, and the integration of states in order to create a standard library which provides a functionality similar to that of the standard C libraries, e.g. powerful I/O facilities or mathematical functions;
 facilitate the compilation to host machine code which can be efficiently executed both in terms of time and space demand;
 facilitate the compilation for non-sequential program execution in multiprocessor environments.

References

External links 
 The SAC Home Page

Array programming languages
C programming language family
Fabric OS. In storage area networking, Fabric OS (FOS) is the firmware for Brocade Communications Systems's Fibre Channel switches and Fibre Channel directors.

First generation
The first generation of Fabric OS was developed on top of a VxWorks kernel and was mainly used in the Brocade Silkworm 2000 and first 3000 series on Intel i960.

Second generation
The second generation of Fabric OS (4.0) was developed on a PowerPC platform, and uses MontaVista Linux, a Linux derivative with real-time performance enhancements. With the advent of MontaVista, switches and directors have the ability of hot firmware activation (without downtime for Fibre Channel fabric), and many useful diagnostic commands.

According to free software licenses terms, Brocade provides access to sources of distributed free software, on which Fabric OS and other Brocade's software products are based.

Additional licensed products
Additional products for Fabric OS are offered by Brocade for one-time fee. They are licensed for use in a single specific switch (license key is coupled with device's serial number). Those include:
 Integrated Routing
 Adaptive Networking: Quality of service, Ingress Rate Limiting
 Brocade Advanced Zoning (Free with rel 6.1.x)
 ISL trunking
 Ports on Demand
 Extended Fabrics (more than 10 km of switched fabric connectivity, up to 3000 km)
 Advanced Performance Monitoring (APM)
 Fabric Watch
 Secure Fabric OS (obsolete)
 VMWare VSPEX integration

Versions

 Fabric OS 9.x
 9.2.2:
 9.2.1:
 9.2.0:
 9.1: Root Access Removal, NTP Server authentication
 9.0: Traffic optimizer, Fabric congestion notification, New Web Tools (graphical UI switched from Java to Web)
 Fabric OS 8.x
 8.2: NVMe capable + REST API
 8.1:
 8.0: Contains many new software features and enhancements as well as issue resolutions
 Fabric OS 7.x
 7.4: Switch to Linux 3.10 kernel
 7.3:
 7.2:
 7.1:
 7.0:
 Fabric OS 6.x
 6.4:
 6.3: Fillwords 2 and 3 introduced in Fabric OS 6.3.1a
 6.2: Virtual Fabrics-capable
 6.1: M-EOS compatibility enhancements
 6.0: LDAP support
 Fabric OS 5.x
 5.3: Switch to Linux 2.6 kernel
 5.2:
 5.1: Access Gateway mode
 5.0:
 Fabric OS 4.x
 4.4:
 4.3:
 4.2:
 4.1: SSH support, Multiple user access
 4.0: migrated from VxWorks to Linux
 Fabric OS 3.x
 Fabric OS 2.x

References

External links
 FOS - Fabric Operating System
 FOS Release Support and Posting Status Matrices (PDF)

Fibre Channel
Internet Protocol based network software
Finding (jewelcrafting). Jewellery findings are the parts used to join jewellery components together to form a completed article.

List of findings
 Clasps to complete necklaces and bracelets
 Earwires to link an earring to the wearer's ear
 Ring blanks for making finger rings
 Bails, metal loops, and jump rings, for completing jewellery. Jump rings can be used by themselves for chains
 Pin stems and brooch assemblies
 Tuxedo stud findings, letters of the alphabet, cluster settings, metal beads and balls
 Plastic, fabric or metal stringing material for threading beads

Findings are available in all the jewellery metals—sterling silver, plated silver, gold, niobium, titanium, aluminium, and copper.

References

See also 

 Finding Glossary

Jewellery components