omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Achilles (automobile). The Achilles was an English shaft drive voiturette manufactured by B Thompson & Co. in Frome, Somerset between 1903 and 1908.

A range of cars were advertised, mostly with single-cylinder engines by Aster and De Dion. Other mechanical parts were also bought in, and it seems likely that only the bodies were originated by Achilles. At least 5 different models were produced including the 8 hp, 9 hp and 12 hp.

This car is notably seen in the French comic book Achille Talon, created by Michel Regnier (known by the pseudonym Greg), for the Pilote redaction.

References

 David Filsell, "Achilles", in G.N. Georgano, ed., The Complete Encyclopedia of Motorcars 1885-1968 (New York: E.P. Dutton and Co., 1974), pp. 26.

Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of England
Companies based in Somerset
Cars introduced in 1903
Cars discontinued in 1908
Automotive Design and Development. Automotive Design and Development Ltd (ADD) was an English company responsible for the creation of the futuristic-looking Nova kit car. It was based in Southampton from 1971 to 1973 after which it moved to Accrington, Lancashire until 1975. ADD failed and the rights to the Nova were bought by Nova Cars in Mirfield, West Yorkshire in 1978, which continued until 1990. A low volume production run was made by Nova Developments in Cornwall in the 1990s and the company was sold to India-based Aerotec Nova around  1996.

Nova

The car was styled by Richard Oakes with engineering by Phil Sayers, combining a fibreglass shell on a VW Beetle chassis and mechanicals. A two-seater, it was highlighted by a dramatically opening  canopy that combined roof and doors into one.

Licensed versions of the Nova have been built in Austria as the Ledl, in Australia as the Purvis Eureka, in France as the Défi, in Italy as the Totem and Puma, in New Zealand as the Scorpion, in South Africa as the Eagle, in Switzerland as the Gryff, in the United States as the Sterling and Sovran and in Zimbabwe as the Tarantula. There have also been numerous unlicensed copies. Some versions featured pop-up head lamps and gull-wing doors, but the basic silhouette remained the same.

Versions of the Nova have appeared in a number of films, including Cannonball Run II, Death Race 2000, Winners and Sinners, Condorman and Mani Di Velluto.

See also
Canopy door
Purvis Eureka
KTM X-Bow GTX
List of car manufacturers of the United Kingdom

External links
 Super Nova AEV   
 Nova Owners Club website
 UK Nova website
 US Sterling owners website
 Nova appearances in movies from the Internet Movie Car Database
 Sterling Sports Cars LLC USA is a company with new information
 Information about the film "Condorman" - which featured a yellow Nova car

Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of England
Kit car manufacturers
Companies based in Southampton
Companies based in Lancashire
Weloganite. Weloganite is a rare carbonate mineral with the formula:   It was discovered by Canadian government mineralogist Ann P. Sabina in 1967 and named for Canadian geologist Sir William Edmond Logan (1798–1875). It was first discovered in Francon Quarry, Montreal, Quebec, Canada and has only been reported from a few localities worldwide.

Properties

It is usually white, lemon yellow, or amber in color, and can be translucent. It crystallizes in the triclinic system and shows pseudo-hexagonal crystal forms due to twinning.  The width of the crystals typically undulates down the length, forming crystals that widen in the middle or flare out at the end.  Crystals are affected by light and can develop a white alteration coating over time.  Weloganite is triboluminescent, producing blue light.

Occurrence

The mineral occurs in an igneous carbonatite sill in Montreal, Quebec, Canada in the Francon Quarry where it was first discovered. It also occurs in the Mont Saint-Hilaire district.  Associated minerals include strontianite, dawsonite and calcite. It has also been reported from the Pilansberg Complex of the western Bushveld Igneous Complex in South Africa.

See also

List of minerals
List of minerals named after people

References

External links
Mineral Galleries

Sodium minerals
Strontium minerals
Calcium minerals
Zirconium minerals
Carbonate minerals
Triclinic minerals
Luminescent minerals
Minerals in space group 1
Adria (automobile). The Adria was an American assembled car that was promoted though not actually mass-produced. The address of the makers was given as Batavia, New York. About 20 to 40 prototypes were built from 1921 to 1922, but that was as far as the project went. The five-seat touring car was advertised at US$1495.

It was to have a four-cylinder 2932 cc engine made by Supreme and a 3-part frame chassis, which resulted in a patent dispute with Parenti Motors.

References 

Vintage vehicles
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States
Motor vehicle manufacturers based in New York (state)
Societé d'Application Electro-Mécanique. The Societé d'Application Electro-Mécanique was a French electric car manufacturer based in Neuilly, near Paris.

In 1923, the company manufactured a few cyclecars under the brand name Electrocyclette.

Between 1924 and 1927 the company went on to build  mainly delivery vans, whose top speed was 25/30 km/h (around 15-19 mph), with a range of about 80–100 km (50–60 miles). The batteries were under the seats and the motor was under a short bonnet driving the front wheels.

References

Vintage vehicles
Electric vehicles introduced in the 20th century
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of France
Cyclecars
AEM Scout. The AEM (Automotive Engineering and Manufacturing) Scout was a Welsh-built Mini Moke type utility vehicle, with, zinc-coated bodywork and totally different styling not to mention the radically different method of production.  It was made for only one year, 1987, in Merthyr Tydfil, South Wales. The running gear was based on the Mini, with a Mini engine, transmission, front subframe and Hydragas suspension.

The Scout, a particularly unsuccessful Mini based kit car had a remarkably chequered history having previously been made by Import Export of Spalding, Lincolnshire between 1983 and 1985 and after the demise of AEM the design was taken up by The Sun Motor Company of Solihull from 1990 to 1991. Six wheel versions were also made.

Universally, fans of genuine Mini Mokes, point out that this is a kit-car, not an updated or unique version of the BMC Mini Moke.

See also
 List of car manufacturers of the United Kingdom

References

External links
 AEM Scout Owners' Group Facebook page

Kit cars
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of Wales
Hexanitrobenzene. Hexanitrobenzene, also known as HNB, is a nitrobenzene compound in which six nitro groups are bonded to all six positions of a central benzene ring. It is a high-density explosive compound with chemical formula , obtained by oxidizing the amine group of pentanitroaniline with hydrogen peroxide in sulfuric acid.

Properties 

The stable conformation of this molecule has the nitro groups rotated out of the plane of the central benzene ring. The molecule adopts a propeller-like conformation in which the nitro groups are rotated about 53° from planar.

HNB has the undesirable property of being moderately sensitive to light and, therefore, hard to utilize safely. As of 2021, it is not used in any production explosives applications, though it is used as a precursor chemical in one method of production of TATB, another explosive.

HNB was experimentally used as a gas source for explosively pumped gas dynamic laser. In this application, HNB and tetranitromethane are preferred to more conventional explosives because the explosion products  and  are a simple enough mixture to simulate gas dynamic processes and quite similar to conventional gas dynamic laser medium. The water and hydrogen products of many other explosives could interfere with vibrational states of  in this type of laser.

Preparation 
During World War II, a method of synthesis of hexanitrobenzene was suggested in Germany, and the product was supposed to be manufactured on a semi-industrial scale according to the following scheme:
 (partial reduction)
 (nitration)
 (oxidation)
Complete nitration of benzene is practically impossible because the nitro groups are deactivating groups for further nitration.

Additional properties 
 Chapman-Jouget detonation pressure: 43 GPa
 Crystal Density: 2.01

See also 
 ONC
 4,4’-Dinitro-3,3’-diazenofuroxan (DDF)
 Octaazacubane (N8)
 Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW)
 Tetryl
 TNT
 RE factor

Notes

References 
 Heats of Formation and Chemical Compositions
 The synthesis and characterisation of halogen and nitro phenyl azide derivatives as highly energetic materials., PhD Thesis, Adam, D; 2001
 
 
 

Nitrobenzenes
Explosive chemicals
Aero (automobile). The Aero was a Czechoslovak automobile company that produced a variety of models between 1929 and 1947 by a well-known aircraft and car-body company owned by Dr. Kabes in Prague-Vysocany. Now Aero Vodochody produces aircraft only.

Type 10 
The original Aero model, the Type 500 or Type 10 was a small car launched in 1928. Powered by a 494 cc single-cylinder two-stroke engine with water cooling, producing , it could reach a top speed of . Drive was through a 3-speed gearbox to a rear axle without differential. The Type 10 was sold with a choice of body styles; roadster, cabriolet and coupé, all with two seats in the front and one in the rear. Production ran for four years, ending in 1932 with 1,358 built.

Type 18 

Announced in 1931, the Type 18 (also known as the 662) was powered by a larger 660 cc two-cylinder engine developing , with a top speed of . With improved four-wheel brakes, the Type 18 came as a 3-seater roadster and 4-seat saloon, made using steel-covered timber-framed coachwork. 2,615 Type 18s were built before manufacturing ceased in 1934.

Type 20 
Based on the Type 18/662, the 1933 Type 20 (also known as the 1000) came with a larger 999 cc  engine which would power the car to a top speed of . Production lasted two years and ceased in 1934 after 2,546 were built.

Type 30 

In 1934 the Type 30 was announced with a 998 cc  twin-cylinder engine, front-wheel drive and all independent suspension. The car could reach . The Type 30 was the most successful Aero model, and production reached 7,780 before manufacturing ended in 1940. Another 500 were produced post-war with a new radiator design but was stopped in 1947 when the company was nationalised.

Type 50 

The last, and largest, Aero model was the Type 50 announced in 1936 and manufactured until 1942. The front-wheel-drive model had a 1997 cc four-cylinder  two-stroke engine with twin alloy cylinder head and was capable of reaching . 1,205 were made before the company closed.

750 Pony 
The 750 Pony is a small two-seater convertible with only 2 models built as prototypes in 1941 and was intended for post war producing, but nationalisation of the company ended the plan. It was powered by a 745 cc engine producing .

References

External links 

 Aero Cars Czech Republic
 Aero club homepage (in Slovak)
 Aero car pictures 
 Aero Roadster picture from 'FineCars'
 pictures of an Aero 50 restoration story 
 Aero veteran club 

Motor vehicle manufacturers of Czechoslovakia
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of Czechoslovakia
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1929
Vehicle manufacturing companies disestablished in 1947
1929 establishments in Czechoslovakia
1947 disestablishments in Czechoslovakia
Aerocar (disambiguation). Aero Car or Aerocar may refer to:

Automobiles 
 Aerocar (1905 automobile), an American automobile built from 1905 to 1908
 Aero Car (1919 automobile), a British 5/7 hp (533 W) flat twin-engine cyclecar manufactured from 1919 to 1920
 Aero Car (1921 automobile), a planned American automobile

Flying cars 
 Aerocar (1949–1956), several working "flying cars" (roadable aircraft)
 Wagner Aerocar, a roadable helicopter completed in 1965
 Aerocar 2000, a roadable aircraft currently in development in the US
 Klein Vision AirCar (2020-Present), a certified two-seat real flying car designed by Štefan Klein
 AeroMobil s.r.o. AeroMobil, sereral working "flying cars" produced 1990-Present

Light aircraft 
 Portsmouth Aerocar, a British light utility aircraft design of the late 1940s

Companies 
 Aerocar International, the company that built the Aerocar as well as:
 Aerocar Aero-Plane, an unusual light aircraft flown in the US in 1964
 Aerocar Coot, a two-seat amphibious aircraft first flown in 1969, designed for homebuilding by Moulton Taylor
 Aerocar Micro-IMP, a light sportsplane developed from the successful Mini-IMP homebuilt in 1978
 Niagara Aero Car Company, which built the Whirlpool Aero Car, an attraction at Niagara Falls, in 1913

See also 
 Aircar (disambiguation)
 Flying car (disambiguation)
 Skycar (disambiguation)
 John Emery Harriman, designer
Aero Car (1919 automobile). The Aero Car (also known as Aerocar) was a flat twin-engine cyclecar manufactured from 1919 to 1920 by the Aero Car Engineering Company in Clapton, London, United Kingdom.

History 
The Aero Car was manufactured from 1919 to 1920 Clapton, London, United Kingdom, by the Aero Car Engineering Company.

Specifications 
The Aero Car was a cyclecar with 5/7 hp (533 W) flat twin-engine cyclecar. The engine was an air-cooled flat-twin built by Blackburne and the gearbox was a Sturmey-Archer. The body had a bullnose radiator and a pointed tail.

See also
List of car manufacturers of the United Kingdom

References

Vintage vehicles
Cyclecars
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of England
Motor vehicle manufacturers based in London
Cars introduced in 1919
1910s cars
1920s cars
Aeroford. The Aeroford was an English automobile that was manufactured in Bayswater, London from 1920 to 1925.  The Aeroford was an attempt to make the Ford Model T more attractive by disguising its appearance with a unique bonnet and radiator grille.

The Aeroford sold from £288 in 1920 before dropping to £168 to £214 by 1925. It was available as a two-seater, four-seater or coupé model.

See also
 List of car manufacturers of the United Kingdom

References

Bibliography 
 David Culshaw & Peter Horrobin: The Complete Catalogue of British Cars 1895–1975. Veloce Publishing plc. Dorchester (1999).  

Vintage vehicles
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of England
Vehicle manufacture in London
1920 establishments in England
1925 disestablishments in England
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1920
Defunct companies based in London
Vehicle manufacturing companies disestablished in 1925
British companies disestablished in 1925
British companies established in 1920
Aerts. The Aerts (also spelled Aarts) was a Dutch automobile manufactured in 1899; a small number of cars are known to have been built at Dongen, but little else seems to be known about the marque.

The manufacturer also advertised as "Neerlandia, the first Dutch car", although "Groninger" and Eysink were earlier.

References
"Autodesign in Nederland" by Jan Lammerse

Veteran vehicles
Car manufacturers of the Netherlands
Dongen
Dutch companies established in 1899
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1899
AFA (automobile). The Aymerich Fábrica de Automoviles (AFA) was a Spanish automobile manufactured between 1943 and 1944.

Cabriolet
Little is known about the marque other than that a few (1 or 2) 5cv 4-cylinder cabriolets were built by Joan Aymerich Casanoves in Barcelona. The AFA was powered by a four-stroke 527 cc engine that produced  at 3,500 rpm. The AFA microcar had a manual transmission with four gears with a top speed of . The AFA prototype was registered in Barcelona in April 1943, with the registration number B-72.107 and its patent number was 159,882. The company exhibited at the Exposición Automovilista Nacional in Madrid on July 10, 1944.

 Dimensions and weights:
 Length: 
 Width: 
 Height: 
 Weight: 
 Load: 
 Maximum speed: 
 Consumption:  with 6 L
 Acceleration:  in 50 seconds

In 2008, a son of Joan Aymerich contacted the mNACTEC, Terrassa, which took the only remaining car and restored it. After three years of restoration work, the AFA is now on exhibition in the Transport collection at mNACTEC.

Joan Aymerich Casanoves
In 1935 Casanoves had created the failed "National Ruby" car, due to the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War he was not able to go to production. But his experience served as the basis for the AFA. Casanoves hoped to make 100 cars annually, but only produced one or two cars. He died in 1946, and the car project was then abandoned in 1947.

See also
 Automotive industry in Spain

References

 Companies Based in Barcelona, LIFE JOURNEY, 2013
 

Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of Spain
Companies based in Barcelona
Cars introduced in 1943
Cars discontinued in 1944
Cars of Spain
Ageron. Construction d’Automobiles Ageron et Cie was a French automobile manufacturer. The name may also be spelled as Agéron.

History
The company was based in Lyon, France and began production of automobiles in 1908 under the name Ageron. Production ended in 1910.

Vehicles
Ageron offered a car named the 10/12 CV. The vehicle had a four-cylinder engine with power being transferred to the rear axles via a chain. The vehicle also featured a compressed-air starter. Models with a single cylinder or two cylinder engines that offered 6 to 12 CV were also available.

References

Cars introduced in 1908
Brass Era vehicles
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of France
Manufacturing companies based in Lyon
World Computer Chess Championship. World Computer Chess Championship (WCCC) is an event held periodically from 1974 to 2024 where computer chess engines compete against each other. The event is organized by the International Computer Games Association (ICGA, until 2002 ICCA). It is often held in conjunction with the World Computer Speed Chess Championship and the Computer Olympiad, a collection of computer tournaments for other board games. Instead of using engine protocols, the games are played on physical boards by human operators.

The WCCC is open to all types of computers including microprocessors, supercomputers, clusters, and dedicated chess hardware.

Due to the requirement to be present on-site, play on a physical board, and strict rules of originality, many strong programs refrain from participating in the ICGA events. As the conditions of the software championship can easily be emulated by anyone with a high-end PC, there are now privately conducted tournaments, such as Top Chess Engine Championship, that have much broader attendance, as well as a larger number of games to reduce the influence of chance.

Championship results 
In 2007, the reigning champion Junior declined to defend its title. 

For the 2009 edition, the rules were changed to limit platforms to commodity hardware supporting at most eight cores, thereby excluding supercomputers and large clusters. However, this was reversed in the following year and a parallel Software Championship was held instead; unlimited hardware is once again allowed in the championship proper.

World Chess Software Championship
From 2010 a new tournament was introduced and held at the same location and during the same period as the World Computer Chess Championship. The rules for the World Chess Software Championship  (WCSC) state that competing programs must run on machines with identical hardware specifications. Time control is game in 45 minutes with 15 second increment.

World Microcomputer Chess Championship

From 1980 to 2001, the ICCA/ICGA organized a separate cycle of championships limited to programs running on microprocessors. In the first three championships, the winners were dedicated chess computers, and then in 1984, Richard Lang's Psion program shared first place, running on an IBM PC under MS-DOS.

At the 14th WMCCC in Jakarta, the Israeli team Junior was denied entry to Indonesia and some other teams dropped out in protest.

The 16th WMCCC was the same as the 9th WCCC above.

See also
 Chess engine
 Computer chess
 Computer Olympiad
 World Computer Speed Chess Championship
 Chess.com Computer Chess Championship
 Top Chess Engine Championship

Notes

References

External links
Official website of the International Computer Games Association (ICGA)
ICGA - Kanazawa - 18th WCCC 2010
ICGA - Pamplona - 17th WCCC 2009
ICGA - Beijing - 16th WCCC 2008
ICGA - Amsterdam - 15th WCCC 2007
ICGA - Torino - 14th WCCC 2006
ICGA - Reykjavik - 13th WCCC 2005

Computer
Computer chess competitions
Recurring events established in 1974
AEA Maverick. The Aero Engineers Australia (AEA) Maverick is a single-seat sportsplane of conventional configuration.  Constructed largely of composite materials, it is powered by a 75 kW (100 hp) Continental O-200A engine and is capable of manoeuvres with loads of up to +6 or −3 g.

The sole example of the aircraft was registered as VH-JOX and resides in New South Wales, Australia. This aircraft first flew in December 1987.

Specifications (AEA Maverick)

References

External links
The Maverick on AEA's website

Maverick
1980s Australian sport aircraft
Light-sport aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1987
AEA Explorer. The AEA Explorer (sometimes called the Explorer Explorer) is a large single-engine utility aircraft.

Design and development
The explorer is a single-engined strut-braced high-wing monoplane with a retractable tricycle landing gear that retracts into under-fuselage sponsons. The prototype, designated Explorer 350R first flew in 1998 and was soon exhibited on promotional tours of Australia and the United States.

The Explorer is  being offered in two versions – the turboprop-powered version, the 500T (which first flew in 2000), and a stretched version of the 500T, designated 750T.

Explorer Aircraft was established in Jasper, Texas to market the aircraft for the US market.

Specifications AEA 500T

See also

References

 Jackson, Paul. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 2003–2004. Coulsdon, UK: Jane's Information Group, 2003. .

External links

Explorer Aircraft website (actual)
The Explorer on AEA's website (the archived old web site)

Explorer
1990s Australian civil utility aircraft