omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Commanding ground. In fortification, a commanding ground is an area that overlooks any post, or strong place. Of this there were three sorts: first, a front commanding ground, which is a height opposite to the face of the post, which plays upon its front; second, a reverse commanding ground, which is an eminence that can play upon the back of any place or post; and third, an enfilade commanding ground, or curtain commanding ground, which is a high place, that can with its shot scour all the length of a straight line.

References

Fortifications by type
Eclipse process framework. The Eclipse process framework (EPF) is an open source project that is managed by the Eclipse Foundation. It lies under the top-level Eclipse Technology Project, and has two goals:

To provide an extensible framework and exemplary tools for software process engineering - method and process authoring, library management, configuring and publishing a process.
To provide exemplary and extensible process content for a range of software development and management processes supporting iterative, agile, and incremental development, and applicable to a broad set of development platforms and applications. For instance, EPF provides the OpenUP, an agile software development process optimized for small projects.

By using EPF Composer, engineers can create their own software development process by structuring it using a predefined schema. This schema is an evolution of the SPEM 1.1 OMG specification referred to as the unified method architecture (UMA). Major parts of UMA went into the adopted revision of SPEM, SPEM 2.0. EPF is aiming to fully support SPEM 2.0 in the near future. The UMA and SPEM schemata support the organization of large amounts of descriptions for development methods and processes. Such method content and processes do not have to be limited to software engineering, but can also cover other design and engineering disciplines, such as mechanical engineering, business transformation, and sales cycles.

IBM supplies a commercial version, IBM Rational Method Composer.

Limitations 
The "content variability" capability severely limits users to one-to-one mappings. Processes trying to integrate various aspects may require block-copy-paste style clones to get around this limitation. This may be a limitation of the SPEM model and might be based on presumption that agile methods are being described as these methods tend not to have deep dependencies.

See also 

 Meta-process modeling

References

External links
Eclipse Process Framework site

Open content
Eclipse (software)
Software development process
Honda P series. The P series is a series of prototype humanoid robots developed by Honda between 1993 and 2000. They were preceded by the Honda E series (whose development was not revealed to the public at the time) and followed by the ASIMO series, then the world's most advanced humanoid robots. Honda Motor's President and CEO Hiroyuki Yoshino, at the time, described Honda's humanoid robotics program as consistent with its direction to enhance human mobility.

History 
Work to develop an advanced humanoid robot began in 1986, when Honda established a research center focused on fundamental technologies, including humanoid robotics.

Honda engineers had to research how humans walk, using the human skeleton for reference to create a replica and have it function like a human being. In 1986, the first two-legged robot was made to walk, used by Honda engineers to establish stable walking technology, including steps and sloped surfaces.

In 1993, Honda began developing "Prototype" models ("P" series), attaching the legs to a torso with arms that could perform basic tasks. P2, the second prototype model, debuted in December 1996, using wireless techniques making it the first self-regulating, two-legged walking robot. P2 weighed 463 pounds with a height of six feet tall. In September 1997, P3 was introduced as the first completely independent bi-pedal humanoid walking robot, standing five feet, four inches tall and weighing 287 pounds.

Features 
Honda engineers determined a robot should be easy to operate and small in size, enabling it to help people—for instance, to look eye to eye with someone sitting in a chair.

ASIMO can be controlled by a portable controller whereas P3 was controlled from a workstation.

P1 developed in 1993
P2 unveiled in 1996
P3 unveiled in 1997
P4 developed in 2000

Notes:
1. – The P1 was developed in 1993 but was not unveiled and Honda kept its existence a secret until the announcement of the P2 in 1996.
2. – The P4 was developed in 2000 and originally unveiled as "P3-improved prototype" (). The model was announced as the "P4" in 2009.

See also 
 Honda E series, experimental models
 Humanoid Robotics Project; the HRP-1 is a variant of the Honda P3.

References

External links 

P2/P3 Major Specifications (archive)

Robotics at Honda
Bipedal humanoid robots
1993 robots
1996 robots
1997 robots
2000 disestablishments
Japanese inventions
Thermally Advantaged Chassis. A Thermally Advantaged Chassis (TAC) is a computer enclosure that complies with the Thermally Advantaged Chassis specifications created by Intel. It is capable of maintaining an internal ambient temperature below 38 degrees Celsius when functioning with Intel's Pentium 4 and Celeron D processors based on 90 nm process technology, and an ambient temperature below 39 degrees Celsius when using a Pentium D processor. Intel maintains that using a thermally advantaged chassis is the absolute minimum requirement for using Pentium 4 (Prescott), Pentium D, and Celeron D, processors.

Overview
In the 1.1 version, the TAC design is intended to disallow internal temperature rises of more than 3 degrees Celsius, and provide the processor with a cooler environment to work in. Its main feature is a Chassis Air Guide that directs room temperature air directly in the path of the CPU fan and heat sink. The chassis air guide is a passive cooling system, and relies completely on internal system fans to guide the air.

Airflow pattern
As with most computers, the rear fan and power supply fan exhaust, moving hot air away from the computer. This causes a slight depressurization inside the chassis, and requires all other openings to become intake vents. Airflow from the front of the chassis moves around the Chassis Air Guide, allowing the processor fan to only draw air from outside the chassis, providing more effective cooling.

System fans
The rear chassis exhaust fan is required to be at least 92-mm or larger, providing a minimum of 55 CFM in free air. The processor is required to have an active cooling system, consisting of a fan and heat sink.

Side-panel venting
The side-panel is required to have an add-in card vent, which provides room temperature air to the add-in cards. High-performance graphics cards will benefit from the lower temperature air.

External links
Thermally Advantaged Tested Chassis List
Chassis Air Guide v1.1 (September 2003)
Standard (Japanese).

Computer hardware cooling
Computer enclosure
International orange. International orange is a color used in the aerospace industry to set objects apart from their surroundings, similar to safety orange, but deeper and with a more reddish tone.

Variations
There are several variants of international orange.

Aerospace

The Advanced Crew Escape Suits pressure suits worn by NASA astronauts and the previous Launch Entry Suit use this color, as opposed to the lighter tone of safety orange used by the United States Air Force's high-altitude suits. This was also planned for the Constellation Space Suit systems that were to be flight-ready by 2015.

The Bell X-1, the first airplane to break the sound barrier, was also painted in International Orange.

Golden Gate Bridge

The tone of international orange used to paint the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, California is slightly lighter than the standard International orange used by military contractors and in engineering, thus increasing its visibility to ships, but darker than the one used in aerospace. The international orange paint used on the Golden Gate Bridge is specially formulated to protect the bridge from the danger of rust from salt spray off the ocean, and from the moisture of the San Francisco fog that frequently rolls in from the Pacific Ocean through the Golden Gate to San Francisco Bay. The 25 de Abril Bridge in Lisbon, Portugal also uses this color.

Engineering

The adjacent box displays the generic tone of international orange used by military contractors and in engineering generally.

The source of this color is Federal Standard 595, a U.S. federal government standard set up in 1956 for paint colors which is mostly used by military contractors and also in engineering. International Orange is designated as Federal Standard 595 color #FS 12197.

In accordance with air safety regulations, some tall towers, e.g. Tokyo Tower and the Yerevan TV Tower, are painted in white and international orange.

Sports
The World Football League used international orange (instead of the traditional white) for the stripes on their footballs.  The league also painted a short international orange mark on the field at the two-yard line.

Trucking
Schneider National paints its trucks, tractors, and trailers "international safety orange" (Omaha orange, PMS165).

See also 
 Fire engine red
 List of colors
 Safety orange
 School bus yellow

References

External links 
 A 12-page 1988 GSA-approved specifications for International Orange paint, including other "formulas" (Archived on June 21, 2010, via the Internet Archive.)

Shades of orange
Safety
Safety clothing
Mortdale Maintenance Depot. The Mortdale maintenance depot is a Sydney Trains train depot in the southern Sydney suburb of Mortdale.

Description
The depot features nine roads under the main shed (numbered 1-3 and 5–10), two elevated outdoor roads (numbered 11 and 12), a train washing facility and several short outdoor storage sidings. The depot is responsible for the stabling and maintenance of all Tangara (T set) trains on the T4 Eastern Suburbs & Illawarra Line and South Coast Line local services.

Shunters control and authorise train movements within this facility. They are responsible for the amalgamation and division of the Tangara sets to facilitate maintenance and repairs. The shunters are also responsible for the safe passage of trains, staff and other equipment within the facility.

History
The depot opened in 1925 and was one of four electric train depots built under the Bradfield electrification plan, the other depots being at Hornsby, Flemington, and Punchbowl.

Following the opening of the Eastern Suburbs line in 1979, Mortdale became the first all double deck depot, only having S sets allocated to it. The last S set was withdrawn from Mortdale in April 2013. The depot now only has T sets allocated to it.

In 2020 plans are being prepared to upgrade the depot to increase its maintenance capacity, in preparation for increased services on the Illawara line as part of the Transport for NSW's More Trains, More Services program.

Maps

{
"type": "ExternalData",
"service": "geomask",
"ids": "Q6914416"
}
[{
"type": "ExternalData",
"service": "page",
"title": "Sydney Trains network.map"
},
{
"type": "ExternalData",
"service": "page",
"title": "Sydney suburban rail maintenance centres.map"
}]

References

Industrial buildings in Sydney
Railway workshops in New South Wales
Sydney Trains
1925 establishments in Australia
Condor (APC). The Condor is a 4×4 wheeled armoured personnel carrier originally designed by Thyssen-Henschel of Germany and manufactured by Henschel Wehrtechnik GmbH. The first prototype was completed in 1978. The Condor was designed as a successor to its UR-416 APC. The upgraded Condor 2 was first sold in 2004. Today, the Condor is considered a legacy product of Rheinmetall MAN Military Vehicles, part of Rheinmetall's Vehicle Systems Division. 

The nearest vehicle to the Condor in RMMV's current product range is the Survivor R.

Design 

The Condor is designed primarily as an APC but it can also be adopted for a variety of other roles including anti-tank, cargo carrier, command vehicle, ambulance, fitters' vehicle and reconnaissance vehicle.
The Condor is based on the automotives of the Mercedes-Benz Unimog, the Condor 2 based on the Unimog U5000. The hull of the Condor is made of all-welded armoured steel protecting the crew from 7.62 mm armour-piercing (AP) rounds and 5.56 mm ball-type rounds, shell splinters and anti-personnel mines.
The Condor is fully amphibious, propelled in the water by a propeller mounted under the rear of the hull. It is air-transportable in C-130 Hercules and in C-160 Transall type aircraft.

In 2016, Deftech showed a working upgraded Condor prototype at the DSA 2016 convention. A Condor prototype converted to serve as a logistics transport vehicle was unveiled at the DSA 2018 convention.

According to a Deftech official, the Condors still in service can be modernized depending upon funding allocation.

Operators 
: Kuwait's National Guard received 8 Condor 2 in 2010.
: Malaysia ordered 460 Condor APCs in late 1981, with the last being delivered in March 1984. Mostly retired. Due to be replaced completely under the Next Generation Wheeled Armoured Vehicle Program.
: Portugal 12 Condor; these are operated by the Polícia Aérea of the Portuguese Air Force. 
: South Korea, 2 Condor 1 (used in general hospital).
: Thailand received 18 Condor in 1995, these are operated by the Royal Thai Air Force.
: Turkey 25 Condor (inactive; currently being retired).
: Uruguay 55 Condor.

In fiction
In the 1992 American film Fifty/Fifty, three Condor APCs used by the fictional army in the final scene, actually belong to Malaysian Army of the Royal Armoured Corps and 19th Battalion of the Royal Malay Regiment where the filming located in Penang, Malaysia.

In the 2023 Malaysian biopic war film MALBATT: Misi Bakara, the Condor APCs were also used in this film, which retells the events of the Battle of Mogadishu from the Malaysian perspective after their relief effort was previously not recognized by the United States for 25 years and in the 2001 film Black Hawk Down.

See also
Thyssen Henschel UR-416
TM-170

References

External links 
Malaysian Condor upgrade
Condor test drive

Wheeled armoured personnel carriers
Armoured personnel carriers of Germany
Wheeled amphibious armoured fighting vehicles
Armoured personnel carriers of the Cold War
Flemington Maintenance Depot. The Flemington Maintenance Depot is the largest Sydney Trains depot, located in the western Sydney suburb of Lidcombe, but named after the suburb of Flemington further east.

The depot opened in 1927 and was one of four electric train depots built under the Bradfield electrification plan, the other depots being at Mortdale, Hornsby and Punchbowl. The depot features 20 storage roads, 10 of which are under the main shed, a lift shop, wheel lathe and a train washing facility. The depot has rail connections to all tracks of the Main Suburban Line, as well as the Sydney Freight Network. Road access for deliveries is off Bachell Avenue, Lidcombe. A staff-only stuttle bus, operated by CDC, operates between the depot and Lidcombe station.

The depot maintains the K sets and NSW TrainLink's V sets. It was also responsible for the S sets and C sets before they were withdrawn. Sets maintained by Flemington carry a blue target plate. A variety of other trains are also stabled here, as it is a crew depot and stabling location for Sector 2 (T2/3/5/7 lines) services. NSW TrainLink Endeavours and XPTs occasionally visit to use the wheel lathe.

Until May 1968, it was responsible for maintaining the long-distance HUB, RUB and stainless steel carriages. Until March 1971, it also maintained the DEB sets. All were transferred to ACDEP.

Maps

{
"type": "ExternalData",
"service": "geomask",
"ids": "Q5458626"
}
[{
"type": "ExternalData",
"service": "page",
"title": "Sydney Trains network.map"
},
{
"type": "ExternalData",
"service": "page",
"title": "Sydney suburban rail maintenance centres.map"
}]

References 

Industrial buildings in Sydney
Railway workshops in New South Wales
Sydney Trains
1927 establishments in Australia
Municipality of Strathfield
Movemail. movemail is a computer program by the GNU Project that moves mail from a user's Unix mailspool to another file. It is part of GNU Mailutils.

A compromising of movemail was the backbone of the hack described in The Cuckoo's Egg by which Markus Hess broke into the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory computer system in 1986. The flaw in movemail, which has long since been repaired, is that the program was revised in 1986 to allow superuser access into the host computer in order to move POP email. The movemail bug has been highlighted as one of the Unix operating system family's most egregious failures of security.

See also

 Mozilla Thunderbird

References

External links
 GNU Mailutils Manual: movemail

Free email software
Sprigging (pottery). Sprigging or sprigged decoration is a technique for decorating pottery with low relief shapes made separately from the main body and applied to it before firing.  Usually thin press moulded shapes are applied to greenware or bisque. The resulting pottery is termed sprigged ware,  and the added piece is a "sprig".  The technique may also be described by terms such as "applied relief decoration", especially in non-European pottery.

The alternative way to achieve similar effects without sprigging is to mould the whole body, which is also common.  Pâte-sur-pâte is a very labour-intensive, and so expensive, method of producing similar, but more refined, effects in contrasting colors, invented in China and then in France in the mid-19th century.

Technique
The clay body for the sprig is pushed into the mould, the back scraped flat, then released on a damp cloth pad. The greenware is wetted lightly with a brush, and the sprig is pressed lightly with another cloth pad to push out water and air.  Slip may be used as an adhesive.

History
Sprigging is used in ancient Roman pottery, and in China at least as early as the 6th century AD, continuing thereafter.  It was not one of the main decorative techniques of Chinese ceramics, but for example was and is common on Yixing teapots.  It is sometimes used on large celadon vases from the late Yuan dynasty or early Ming dynasty (14th century).  By at least the 9th century it was used in Islamic pottery.  

In Europe, after the basic wares of the Middle Ages, use revived in fifteenth-century German salt-glazed stoneware, which was very widely exported around Europe.  In Britain the first successful attempts to imitate both German wares and the Yixing teapots which were now being imported, mostly via the Netherlands, came around 1690.  Whether John Dwight of the Fulham Pottery or the German-born Elers brothers were first is uncertain.  They used metal moulds, which tend to leave a thin line impressed into the body around the outline of the sprig.  

White Chinese Dehua porcelain cups and pots with sprigged prunus (plum/cherry) blossom decoration were copied by several European porcelain factories in the mid-18th century, from Meissen and Sèvres to Bow.  Sprigging was used extensively in the Staffordshire potteries on a variety of wares and reached a height with Josiah Wedgwood's Jasperware, and his replica of the Portland Vase in 1790, which fully exploited the possibilities of contrasting colours of body and sprig.

References

Types of pottery decoration
BCI Engineers & Scientists, Inc.. BCI Engineers & Scientists, Inc. was an engineering/geology consulting company specializing in the water and mining sectors. It was based in Lakeland, Florida and had offices in Orlando, Minneola, Jupiter, Florida, as well as Howell, Michigan. In 2011, Amec Foster Wheeler acquired the company for $20 million.

BCI's founder Dr. Leslie Bromwell was a consultant and team leader for the restoration and preservation of the Herbert Hoover Dike, which surrounds Florida's Lake Okeechobee.

References

2011 disestablishments in Florida
2011 mergers and acquisitions
Defunct engineering companies of the United States
American companies established in 1977
American companies disestablished in 2011
ADL/ADC class diesel multiple unit. The ADL class is a class of diesel multiple units that were last operated by Auckland One Rail on the suburban rail network in Auckland, New Zealand. Originally built in the early 1980s by A Goninan & Co for Westrail of Western Australia, they were sold in 1993 by Westrail's successor, Transperth, to New Zealand Rail. The units are currently owned by Auckland Transport, and were withdrawn from service in August 2022 and transported to Glenbrook Vintage Railway and Pukeoware depot for storage.

History

Between 1981 and 1985, ten two-carriage stainless steel sets were manufactured for the Metropolitan Transport Trust and Westrail by A Goninan & Co, Newcastle.

Following the electrification of the Perth rail network they were rendered surplus and in 1993 all were sold, along with the older ADK/ADB class, to New Zealand Rail to replace locomotive-hauled 56-foot carriages on suburban trains in Auckland.

The units arrived in Auckland from Perth in April 1993. One unit went to Hutt Workshops in the winter of 1993 for staff familiarisation, while the other units were prepared for New Zealand service at Westfield locomotive depot.

As a result of the units’ introduction, station platforms in Auckland needed to be raised.

In October 1993, prior to New Zealand Rail being privatised, the company sold the class to the Auckland Regional Council.

Upgrades and retirement 
In 2002, the Auckland Regional Council funded an upgrade of the class, which included refurbishment of the interiors and painting in the new MAXX blue colour scheme. The first refurbished unit entered service in December 2002, the last in November 2003.

In 2011, Auckland Transport indicated four two-car sets would be retained after the Auckland rail electrification project is completed.

Due to the introduction of the AM class electric multiple unit on all of Auckland's suburban railway lines, the ADL/ADC units were retained only for use between Pukekohe and Papakura station as a shuttle service. This was due to that portion of the North Island Main Trunk not being electrified at the time. The diesel units were also used to provide service during power outages when electric trains could not operate.

In 2020, the government announced funding for electrification of this section, which once completed will render the ADL/ADC DMUs surplus to requirements. The ADL class were retired in August 2022.

Two out of service ADLs were transferred to Glenbrook Vintage Railway (GVR) for storage in 2021 to make space for new EMUs. The DMUs were hauled to GVR by the railway's own DBR1254, because KiwiRail were unable to provide motive power for the transfers. The remainder of the ADLs are now also stored at Glenbrook Vintage Railway and Pukeoware depot.

References

Citations

Bibliography

  (First edition 1990, 1991)

External links
 ADL class Auckland 1993 – New Zealand Railways Rollingstock List 

Diesel multiple units of New Zealand
Diesel multiple units of Western Australia
Passenger rail transport in Perth, Western Australia