omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Haley Industries. Haley Industries is a Canadian company that manufactures lightweight metal castings for use in aerospace applications. It was a prime contributor to the Avro Arrow aircraft project.

Origins
Haley Industries (originally known as Light Alloys Limited) was founded in 1952 in Haley Station, Ontario (approximately 100 km west of Canada's capital city Ottawa). It was set up with the support of the Canadian government in order to contribute to the development of Canada's fledgling aerospace industry. The site chosen was close to the Dominion Magnesium smelter, a producer of magnesium metal using the Pidgeon process which was pioneered there.

Involvement with the Avro Arrow
In 1953 Canada decided to design and build a supersonic interceptor aircraft to be known as the Avro (CF-105) Arrow. The aircraft was to be built by Avro Canada and to achieve speeds up to Mach 2. In order to achieve this, use was to be made of magnesium and titanium metals to save weight. The aircraft first flew in 1958, but delays, rising costs and a change of government led to the programme's cancellation in 1959.

Subsequent history
The 10 years following the cancellation of the Arrow were difficult, and the company had to diversify into the commercial market. It was privatized in 1967, and in 1981, it was listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange. In 1984 it purchased the Presto Casting Company of Phoenix, Arizona. Haley and Presto are now owned by the Magellan Aerospace Corporation, and continues to make lightweight castings for air, space and specialized engineering applications. As of 2007, the company employed 391 full and part-time employees and is still located in Haley Station.

In 2004, the company was named as one of Ontario's three worst water polluters by the Sierra Legal Defence Fund. Their report was based on violations occurring in 2001, when Haley recorded 82 water pollution violations.

References

Aviation in Canada
Defence companies of Canada
Manufacturing companies of Canada
Companies based in Ontario
1952 establishments in Ontario
W. R. Ritchie. William Riley Ritchie Sr. (January 25, 1876 – January 18, 1970) was an American college football player and coach, mathematics professor, and civil engineer. He was the second head football coach at Baylor University, serving for on year, in 1901 and compiling a record of 5–3. He was also the chairman of Baylor's mathematics department. Ritchie graduated in 1900 from the University of Georgia, where he played football.

In 1906, Ritchie was residing at Campbell, Texas, working as a mathematics professor at Henry College. He later worked a civil engineer for the Missouri–Kansas–Texas Railroad subsequently went into various businesses in banking, livestock, logging, and oil. Ritchie  retired in 1954 and moved to Carmichael, California in 1960. He died on January 18, 1970, at a hospital in Sacramento, California.

Head coaching record

References

1876 births
1970 deaths
19th-century players of American football
American football tackles
American railway civil engineers
Baylor Bears football coaches
Georgia Bulldogs football players
People from Carmichael, California
People from Rabun County, Georgia
Coaches of American football from Georgia (U.S. state)
Players of American football from Georgia (U.S. state)
Space modulation. Space modulation is a radio amplitude modulation technique used in instrument landing systems (ILS) that incorporates the use of multiple antennas fed with various radio frequency powers and phases to create different depths of modulation within various volumes of three-dimensional airspace. This modulation method differs from internal modulation methods inside most other radio transmitters in that the phases and powers of the two individual signals mix within airspace, rather than in a modulator.

An aircraft with an on-board ILS receiver within the capture area of an ILS, (glideslope and localizer range), will detect varying depths of modulation according to the aircraft's position within that airspace, providing accurate positional information about the progress to the threshold.

Method used to determine aircraft position
The ILS uses two radio frequencies, one for each ground station (about 110 MHz for LOC and 330 MHz for the GS), to transmit two amplitude-modulated signals (90 Hz and 150 Hz), along the glidepath (GS) and the course (LOC) trajectories into airspace. It is this signal that is projected up from the runway which an aircraft employing an instrument approach uses to land.

The modulation depth of each 90 Hz and 150 Hz signal changes according to the deviation of the aircraft from the correct position for the aircraft to touchdown on the threshold. The difference between the two signal modulation depths is zero when the aircraft is on the correct course and glidepath on approach to the runway—i.e. No difference (zero DDM), produces no deviation from the middle indication of the instrument's needle within the cockpit of the aircraft.

See also
Difference in the Depth of Modulation
Instrument Landing System

Radio navigation
Nuno felting. Nuno felting is a fabric felting technique developed by Polly Stirling, a fiber artist from New South Wales, Australia, around 1992. The name "Nuno" is derives from Japanese (布) and means cloth.

Technique 
The technique used in Nuno felting bonds loose fiber (usually sheep's wool) into a sheer fabric, such as silk gauze, creating a lightweight felt. Other fibers are also used to create different surface textures. Other fibers used include wool from camel, llama, alpaca, Mohair goat, Cashmere goat, yak, and rabbit fur.

Those fibers can completely cover the background fabric, or they may be used as a decorative design that allows the backing fabric to show. Nuno felting often combines several layers of loose fibers to build up the finished fabric color, texture, and design elements.

The felting process is particularly suitable for creating lightweight fabrics used to make clothing. The use of silk or other stable fabric in the felt creates a fabric that will not stretch out of shape. Fabrics such as nylon, muslin, or other open weaves can be used as the felting background, which results in varying textures and colors.

Nuno felting creates a highly versatile fabric. It can be made in many weights to accommodate many different uses. It can be made much lighter in weight than traditional all-wool felt, accounting for its movement and drape. Because of the range of weights possible with the cloth very diverse garments can be made.

A lightweight Nuno fabric is made by laying one layer of loose fiber onto an open weave fabric base, creating a lightweight material. A much heavier Nuno fabric results from applying more layers, usually 3-4, of loose fibers onto an open weave base creating fabric ideal for a winter coat or scarf.

References 

Giles, Jenne (2010). "Felt Fashion" Quarry Books., MA  

White, Christine (2007)."Uniquely Felt" Storey Publishing, MA 

Crafts
Textile arts
Hardware scout. Hardware scout is a technique that uses otherwise idle processor execution resources to perform prefetching during cache misses. When a thread is stalled by a cache miss, the processor pipeline checkpoints the register file, switches to runahead mode, and continues to issue instructions from the thread that is waiting for memory. The thread of execution in run-ahead mode is known as a scout thread. When the data returns from memory, the processor restores the register file contents from the checkpoint, and switches back to normal execution mode.

The computation during run-ahead mode is discarded by the processor; nevertheless, scouting provides speedup because memory level parallelism (MLP) is increased. The cache lines brought into the cache hierarchy are often used by the processor again when it switches back to normal mode.

Rock processor scout
Sun's Rock processor (later cancelled) used a form of hardware scout. However, any computations in run-ahead mode that do not depend on the cache miss may be retired immediately. This allows both prefetching and traditional instruction-level parallelism.

Scouting vs. SMT
Scouting and simultaneous multithreading (SMT) both use hardware threads to fight the memory wall. With scouting, the scout thread runs the instructions from the same instruction stream as the instruction that causes the pipeline stall. In the case of SMT, the SMT thread executes instruction in another context.

Thus, SMT increases the throughput of the processor while scouting increases the performance by lowering the number of cache misses.

See also 
Rock processor
Runahead

References
 Improving data cache performance by pre-executing instructions under a cache miss
 Improving processor performance by dynamically preprocessing the instruction stream
 High Performance Throughput Computing
 Runahead execution: an alternative to very large instruction windows for out-of-order processors
 Sun: Can you smell what the Rock is Cookin'
Instruction processing
CASAR. CASAR Drahtseilwerk Saar GmbH is a wire rope producing company based in Kirkel, Germany. CASAR develops, produces and distributes wire rope for cranes and other lifting devices. CASAR has 380 employees. The production capacity is 18.000ts (2007).

History
The company CASAR Drahtseilwerk Saar was founded in 1948 by Joseph Verreet . CASAR is an abbreviation for the French term ’Câblerie Sarroise’. CASAR produced the first 8-strand ropes in 1949, in a time, where six-strand-ropes were usual. The ’Space Mountain’ at EuroDisney works with a wire rope from CASAR. 
In 2006, CASAR developed composite ropes to decrease weight.

Since 2007 CASAR has been part of WireCo WorldGroup.

The economist Christoph Müller, professor at the University of St. Gallen, included Casar as a hidden champion in his list of market leaders 2018, which he compiled together with Wirtschaftswoche. According to him, Casar is the world market leader for special wire ropes (crane and mining ropes).

References

External links
 CASAR website
 WireCo Worldgroup website

Manufacturing companies of Germany
Companies based in Saarland
Saarpfalz-Kreis
Macroscopic quantum state. A macroscopic quantum state is a state of matter in which macroscopic properties, such as mechanical motion, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity and viscosity, can be described only by quantum mechanics rather than merely classical mechanics. This occurs primarily at low temperatures where little thermal motion is present to mask the quantum nature of a substance.

Macroscopic quantum phenomena can emerge from coherent states of superfluids and superconductors. Quantum states of motion have been directly observed in a macroscopic mechanical resonator (see quantum machine).

References

Quantum mechanics
West Thurrock Power Station. West Thurrock Power Station was a coal-fired power station on the River Thames at Stone Ness, West Thurrock in Essex. The station was at the northern end of the 400 kV Thames Crossing of the National Grid.

History
The station was built by the Central Electricity Generating Board and, unlike most of the power stations further up the Thames, West Thurrock was built on a 37 hectare green field site, 1.5 miles west of Grays. Construction, which included the piling and landfilling of the marshy riverside, took several years, starting in 1957 and continuing until 1965 – although the first generator was commissioned in 1962. It was the first CEGB station designed to exceed 1000 MW, having a final output of 1300 MW. West Thurrock was one of the CEGB's twenty steam power stations with the highest thermal efficiency; in 1963–4 the thermal efficiency was 35.54 per cent, 35.78 per cent in 1964–5, and 35.70 per cent in 1965–6. 

The architectural design was by Farmer and Dark.The station had two 200 MW units (built by CA Parsons and commissioned 1962 & 1963) and three of 300 MW units (by Associated Electrical Industries and commissioned 1964 & 1965) housed in a reinforced concrete turbine hall. The roof was of multiple transverse barrel vaults. The five boilers were built by Babcock & Wilcox and were unusual being open to the elements and were originally designed to burn pulverised coal. They were adapted to burn natural gas between 1971 and 1980, and heavy fuel oil burning facilities were added in 1985. The total steam capacity of boilers was 8,445,000 lb/hr (1064.1 kg/s). Steam pressure and temperature at the turbine stop valve was 2350 psi (162 bar) at 566 °C. Ash from the boilers was sold to a local factory and used to make building blocks. The station had two  tall chimneys made from reinforced concrete.

After the UK's electric supply industry was privatised in 1989, West Thurrock was operated by National Power. In 1992, one of the station's units were decommissioned. The station's other four units were decommissioned in 1993. The closure left a stockpile of nearly half a million tonnes of coal, which was transported downstream to the nearby Tilbury Power Station by Rhine barge.

After demolition part of the site was redeveloped as a works making industrial chemicals for the adjacent Procter & Gamble works and using the former coaling jetty. A proposal to build a large postal sorting office on the former fly-ash lagoons proved controversial due to the wildlife that had colonised the site.

An unusual feature of the site is the northern end of the pair of 192-metre tall pylons supporting the 400 kV link across the river Thames.

Electricity output
Electricity output for West Thurrock power station over the period 1964–1987 was as follows:

West Thurrock annual electricity output GWh.

References

External links

 
 West Thurrock Power Station: The End of a River Side Giant 1957 – 1993

Thurrock
Coal-fired power stations in England
Power stations in the East of England
Demolished power stations in the United Kingdom
Power stations on the River Thames
Former power stations in England
Port of London
Tallapoosa-class cutter. The Tallapoosa-class cutters is a group of two Coast Guard cutters that served with the United States Coast Guard from the 1920s to the late 1940s.

Design 

The Tallapoosa-class cutters were designed for long cruises, and their hulls were reinforced for light ice-breaking.

During World War II, the Ossipee was actually classified as a river gunboat (WPR) while the Tallapoosa was classified as a patrol gunboat (WPG).

Ships in class 
 Ossipee
 Tallapoosa

References

 Ossipee (1915), US Coast Guard website
 Canney, Donald L. (1995): U.S. Coast Guard and Revenue Cutters, 1790-1935 (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press).
 Scheina, Robert L. (1982): U.S. Coast Guard Cutters and Craft in World War II (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press).
 U.S. Coast Guard. Public Information Division. Historical Section (1949): The Coast Guard at War: Transports and Escorts (Vol. V) (Washington, DC: Public Information Division, U.S. Coast Guard Headquarters.

External links

 
Gunboat classes
Levator Boatworks. Levator Boatworks is a manufacturer of racing shells.

History 

Levator Boatworks Limited was launched in 1994, by boat builder - 
designer Jurgen Kaschper in  London, Ontario, Canada. The company 
builds three series of single rowing racing shells.

The Racer Series are composite material boats designed for   
competitive racing rowing clubs and individuals.

The InStep Series are composite racing singles designed with   
Levator's innovation: the ergonomic InStep system that increases   
stability and reduces the amount of tuck required to get in and out  
of the shell. Levator Boatworks successfully developed the INstep 
system in 1996.  This award-winning innovation changes  the
cockpit design by lowering the centre portion of the seat deck to   
the keel to lower the center of gravity of the rower stepping into   
the boat. The INstep project was a collaboration between Levator and 
the University of Waterloo-Faculty of Architecture.

The Mahogany Series are  advanced hybrid  wooden shells, which combine 
modern  carbon/kevlar/ with mahogany veneers. Levator Boatworks is one 
of the remaining commercial wooden rowing shell manufacturers 
remaining in the world.

In 2007, the Levator Boatworks moved its production facilities to   
Dorchester, Ontario, east of London.

External links 
 Levator Boatworks Ltd.

Rowing equipment manufacturers
Caproni Ca.308 Borea. The Caproni Ca.308 Borea ("North Wind") was a small airliner built in Italy in the mid-1930s.

Development
The Ca.308 was a streamlined, low-wing cantilevered monoplane design of conventional configuration. Its undercarriage was not retractable. The mainwheels were fitted with spats.

The prototype, designated Ca.306, was exhibited at the Milan Exhibition of 1935.

The basic design of the Ca.308 subsequently served as the basis for a large family of military aircraft, beginning with the Caproni Ca.309.

Operational history
The Italian airline Ala Littoria ordered five examples.

The Italian government ordered two aircraft for general-purpose use by its colonial administration in Libya.

All these aircraft received the Ca.308 designation.

Variants
Ca 306The prototype, exhibited at the Milan Exhibition of 1935.
Ca 308 BoreaProduction aircraft, Seven built.

Operators

 Ala Littoria
 Regia Aeronautica

Aeronautica Militare Italiana

Specifications (Ca.308)

See also

References

 
 
 
 
 Уголок неба

Ca.308
1930s Italian airliners
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1935
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Secure64 Software. Secure64 Software Corporation is a software development company headquartered in Fort Collins, CO, USA, building server applications.

History 
Secure64 was founded in 2002 and began full-scale development in 2005. Its founders include Bill Worley, CTO, a former chief scientist of Hewlett Packard and lead developer of PA-RISC and PA-WideWord technologies. Secure64 has filed for several patents.

Technology

SourceT Micro OS 
The SourceT Micro OS executes on standard Itanium server hardware, and provides the foundation for Secure64 software applications. Secure64 uses the term "micro OS" to describe SourceT, because, although it shares attributes of traditional microkernels and monolithic kernels, it does not fit the classical definition of either.

Like microkernels, SourceT adheres to the principles that minimal code should execute in kernel mode (currently less than 4,000 lines of code in SourceT), and that all applications and operating system services such as File system, device drivers and protocol stacks should not execute in kernel mode. However, like monolithic kernel architectures, SourceT's operating system services are accessed through system service calls rather than through interprocess communication with user-mode servers.

Unlike general-purpose operating systems, which are designed to execute on a wide variety of hardware platforms, SourceT was specifically designed to take advantage of some of the unique security and performance features of the Itanium microprocessor to create a high performance, highly secure architecture. These unique Itanium features include:

Completely independent read/write/execute privileges on memory pages
Hardware controlled memory compartments with protection IDs
Separation of control information from data on system stacks
Inability to execute code from system stacks
High performance from instruction-level parallelism

Self-Protecting Network Stack 

Secure64 has a patent pending for the queued, non-blocking and self-protecting communications architecture used by SourceT. Designed from the ground up with a queued, scalable architecture that differs significantly from a traditional Berkeley sockets architecture, the network stack accelerates network I/O performance and automatically detects and drops malformed or flooding packets, such as those received as the victim of  a Denial-of-service attacks.

Products 
Secure64 DNS products are security-hardened commercial DNS appliances, deployed on a proprietary 64-bit operating system running on Intel Itanium hardware. Some of these products include:

 Authoritative DNS server, Secure64 DNS Authority

 Caching DNS server, Secure64 DNS Cache

 DNS Network Management, Secure64 DNS Manager

 DNSSEC, Secure64 DNS Signer

 DNS-based Network Security, Secure64 DNS Guard

References

See also 
 Comparison of DNS server software

Software companies established in 2002
Software companies based in Colorado
Companies based in Fort Collins, Colorado
Server appliance
DNS software
Software companies of the United States
Caproni Ca.311. The Caproni Ca.311 was a light bomber-reconnaissance aircraft produced in Italy prior to and during World War II.

Design
The Ca.311 was a member of the large family of Caproni designs derived from the Ca.306 airliner prototype of 1935, and more directly a modification of the Ca.310 bomber. As with other related types, it was a low-wing cantilever monoplane of conventional design. This particular design incorporated the Ca.310's retractable main undercarriage, as well as the heavily glazed nose that had been tested on the Ca.310bis prototype. New features included a relocation of the dorsal turret to a position immediately aft of the cockpit, and additional glazing throughout the fuselage.

From 1940, this aircraft began to replace the IMAM Ro.37 in service, completing this process the following year.

Variants
 Ca.311 – twin-engined reconnaissance bomber aircraft.
 Ca.311M (Modificato – "Modified") – version with less glazing

Operators

Zrakoplovstvo Nezavisne Države Hrvatske

Regia Aeronautica - 284 aircraft 

Yugoslav Royal Air Force

SFR Yugoslav Air Force – postwar

Specifications (Ca.311)

References

Sources

 
 
 Уголок неба

External links

 
 

Ca.311
1930s Italian bomber aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1939
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Jim Warman. Bloomfield James Warman (25 July 1924 – 21 November 1984) was an English electrical engineer.  He was involved with the design of electronic telephone exchanges in the 1960s and 1970s.  He was responsible for the  concept of both the TXE1 and TXE3 systems, which were reed switch-based electronic exchanges. The development of these exchanges was carried out by a consortium of British telecom manufacturers in conjunction with the General Post Office. The ideas in these exchanges were later developed, by others, into the TXE4 exchanges - which, at their peak in the early 1990s, catered for more than 25% of the UK subscribers.

Warman was born at Westcombe Park in South London.  During World War II he served in the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers.

His career started off Siemens Brothers at Woolwich, and he remained there when Associated Electrical Industries (AEI) took over the company.  AEI was then taken over by the General Electric Company, who, in 1968, closed down the development of TXE exchanges in favour of crossbar switch systems.  All the AEI staff were sacked, including those on the TXE project.  Warman joined American company GTE International as European technical director based in Milan, taking with him some members of his  AEI team.  There, Warman persisted in basing his developments on reed electronic (analogue) principles, when it had already become clear that fully electronic digital switches were now the obvious path forward.  Some time later, GTE decided to close the development team in Europe.

Warman received the Prince Philip Medal of The City and Guilds Institute in 1966.  He held over 100 patents.

He returned to the UK and set up his own company, but it was not a success, and his health failed. He died in November 1984.

References

External links
JW Patent for Magnetic switches
JW Patent for Automatic exchange systems

English electrical engineers
British telecommunications engineers
British Army personnel of World War II
1924 births
1984 deaths