omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Mahakal Institute of Technology. Mahakal Institute of Technology (commonly known as MIT, Ujjain) is an institution of the Mahakal Group of Institutes near the village of Karchha, Behind Air Strip, Datana about 20 km from Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh India. It was founded in 2001 and offers courses in a variety of engineering disciplines, including Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Computer Engineering and Diploma in Accounting. Engineering degrees are affiliated with Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya in Bhopal. Commerce and Accounting courses are online courses and college of commerce is considered as private college.

History
The idea of building an institute in Ujjain was conceived by Prasar Shikshan Evam Seva Sansthan (PSSS) with the aim to transform young talent into competent and socially responsible professionals with a global vision. Mahakal Institute of Technology (MIT Ujjain) was inaugurated by the then Hon’ble Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh, Mr. Digvijay Singh on 26 July 2001.

In the academic session of 2001-02, MIT, Ujjain began with just 220 students and few faculty members in the varied streams. The institute then had only four branches of Engineering: Electronics and Telecommunication, Computer Science, Information Technology and Electrical and Electronics. Mahakal Group of Commerce offers some online courses in finance and accounting.

References

External links
 Official website

Universities and colleges in Madhya Pradesh
Education in Ujjain
Buildings and structures in Ujjain
2001 establishments in Madhya Pradesh
Educational institutions established in 2001
William Herbert Hatfield. William Herbert Hatfield (10 April 1882 – 16 October 1943) was an English metallurgist who contributed to the development of stainless steel.

Early life 
Hatfield was born in Sheffield on 10 April 1882 and studied metallurgy at University College, Sheffield, being awarded the Mappin Medal in 1902.  In 1907 he married Edith Seagrave. In 1913 his research resulted in the award of the degree of Doctor of Metallurgy.

Career 
Hatfield was appointed Director of the Brown - Firth Research Laboratories in Sheffield in 1916 (succeeding Harry Brearley and continuing Brearley's work on stainless steel), and later joined the Board of Messrs Thomas Firth and John Brown Limited.

Hatfield is credited with the invention in 1924 of 18/8 stainless steel (18% chromium, 8% nickel); he also invented 18/8 stainless with titanium added, now known as 321.

In 1940 he devised "Rex 78", a stainless steel alloy for use in Frank Whittle's turbojet engine project, the material being first used in the Power Jets W.1.

He authored a variety of technical papers on metallurgy, with particular reference to rust, acid and heat-resistant steels and cast iron.

There is an Annual memorial lecture held in December each year at Sheffield University, called the "Hatfield Memorial Lecture" funded by a Trust set up in 1944. The lecture subject is related to metallurgy.

References 

Alumni of the University of Sheffield
British metallurgists
Fellows of the Royal Society
History of Sheffield
Stainless steel
1882 births
1943 deaths
Engineers from Yorkshire
SBO. SBO may refer to:

 Jawa Pos TV, a television station in Surabaya, Indonesia formerly known as SBO TV
 SAP Business One, an enterprise resource planning software
 Senior British Officer, see Group captain
 Small bowel obstruction, a blockage of normal passage of digested food through the small intestine
 Small buffer optimization, a programming technique to save memory allocation in small containers
 Small business owner, small business activities
 Sommers-Bausch Observatory, an astronomical observatory on the University of Colorado Boulder campus
 Systems Biology Ontology, a project for the development of Systems Biology-oriented vocabularies and ontologies
 Tougeki – Super Battle Opera, a Japanese fighting video game tournament
Pattern-oriented modeling. Pattern-oriented modeling (POM) is an approach to bottom-up complex systems analysis that was developed to model complex ecological and agent-based systems. A goal of POM is to make ecological modeling more rigorous and comprehensive.

A traditional ecosystem model attempts to approximate the real system as closely as possible. POM proponents posit that an ecosystem is so information-rich that an ecosystem model will inevitably either leave out relevant information or become over-parameterized and lose predictive power. Through a focus on only the relevant patterns in the real system, POM offers a meaningful alternative to the traditional approach.

An attempt to mimic the scientific method, POM requires the researcher to begin with a pattern found in the real system, posit hypotheses to explain the pattern, and then develop predictions that can be tested. A model used to determine the original pattern may not be used to test the researcher's predictions.  Through this focus on the pattern, the model can be constructed to include only information relevant to the question at hand.

POM is also characterized by an effort to identify the appropriate temporal and spatial scale at which to study a pattern, and to avoid the assumption that a single process might explain a pattern at multiple temporal or spatial scales. It does, however, offer the opportunity to look explicitly at how processes at multiple scales might be driving a particular pattern.

A look at the trade-offs between model complexity and payoff can be considered in the framework of the Medawar zone. The model is considered too simple if it addresses a single problem (e.g., the explanation behind a single pattern), whereas it will be considered too complex if it incorporates all the available biological data. The Medawar zone, where the payoff in what is learned is greatest, is at an intermediate level of model complexity.

Usage
Pattern-oriented modeling has been used to test a priori hypotheses on how herdsman decide which farmers to contract with when grazing their cattle. Herdsman behavior followed the pattern predicted by a 'friend' rather than 'cost' priority hypothesis.

References

Complex systems theory
Hill Hummer. The Hill Hummer, also known as the Maxair Hummer was an ultralight aircraft developed in the United States in the late 1970s. An extremely minimalist design, the main structural element of the aircraft was a length of 5-inch aluminium irrigation pipe. At one end of this pipe was a seat for a pilot, and at the other, a V-tail. Behind the pilot's seat, an aluminium truss structure supported a fabric parasol wing, which was further braced with wires to another truss element that served as a kingpost above it. The engine was mounted pusher-wise at the rear of the wing truss, the length of the mounting to be selected by the builder to balance the weight of the pilot.

The Hummer won the award for Best Workmanship at the EAA Fly-in in 1978, and was marketed as plans and in kit form by Maxair after Hill's death.

Specifications (typical)

References

 
 
 AirVenture Museum website

1970s United States ultralight aircraft
Mitchell Construction. Mitchell Construction was once a leading British civil engineering business based in Peterborough.

History
The business was founded by F.G. (Tiny) Mitchell in London in 1933 as an offshoot of Mitchell Engineering, his engineering business. In 1940 the Company moved to Peterborough because of the destruction created in London by The Blitz. David Morrell took over management of the business from Tiny Mitchell in 1954. During the 1950s the business expanded rapidly exploiting hydro-electric power opportunities in Scotland.

In 1962 Mitchell Construction acquired Kinnear Moodie, a leading tunneling business.

Major projects
Major projects undertaken by the business included:
 The Loch Cluanie Dam completed in 1957
 Chapelcross Power Station completed in 1959
 The advanced gas-cooled reactor at Sellafield completed in 1962
 Fawley Power Station at Southampton completed in 1962
 The Scotswood Bridge completed in 1967
 The Kariba Dam North Cavern completed in 1973

Demise of the business
After getting into financial difficulties over the Kariba Dam North Cavern project, the company was acquired by Tarmac and integrated into Tarmac Construction in 1973.

References

Sources

Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1933
Construction and civil engineering companies of the United Kingdom
Companies based in Cambridgeshire
Companies disestablished in 1973
1933 establishments in England
1973 disestablishments in England
Construction and civil engineering companies disestablished in the 20th century
British companies established in 1933
British companies disestablished in 1973
Bit-serial architecture. In computer architecture, bit-serial architectures send data one bit at a time, along a single wire, in contrast to bit-parallel word architectures, in which data values are sent all bits or a word at once along a group of wires.  

All digital computers built before 1951, and most of the early massive parallel processing machines used a bit-serial architecture—they were serial computers.

Bit-serial architectures were developed for digital signal processing in the 1960s through 1980s, including efficient structures for bit-serial multiplication and accumulation.

The HP Nut processor used in many Hewlett-Packard calculators operated bit-serially.

Assuming N is an arbitrary integer number, N serial processors will often take less FPGA area and have a higher total performance than a single N-bit parallel processor.

See also
 Serial computer
 1-bit computing
 Bit banging
 Bit slicing
 BKM algorithm
 CORDIC

References

External links
  Application of FPGA technology to accelerate the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method
  BIT-Serial FIR filters with CSD Coefficients for FPGAs

Data transmission
Acmonital. Acmonital (acronym of acciaio monetario italiano, meaning "Italian monetary steel" in Italian) is a stainless steel alloy consisting mostly of iron, with 0.14% carbon, 17.5-19% chromium, 0.50% magnesium, 1.15% silicon, 0.03% sulfur, and 0.03% phosphorus by weight. Acmonital was used for the Italian lira coins.

References

See also
Italma

Steel alloys
Coinage metals and alloys
Biocrystallization. Biocrystallization is the formation of crystals from organic macromolecules by living organisms. This may be a stress response, a normal part of metabolism such as processes that dispose of waste compounds, or a pathology. Template mediated crystallization is qualitatively different from in vitro crystallization. Inhibitors of biocrystallization are of interest in drug design efforts against lithiasis and against pathogens that feed on blood, since many of these organisms use this process to safely dispose of heme.

DNA

Under severe stress conditions the bacteria Escherichia coli protects its DNA from damage by sequestering it within a crystalline structure. This process is mediated by the stress response protein Dps and allows the bacteria to survive varied assaults such as oxidative stress, heat shock, ultraviolet light, gamma radiation and extremes of pH.

Heme
Blood feeding organisms digest hemoglobin  and release high quantities of free toxic heme. To avoid destruction by this molecule, the parasite biocrystallizes  heme to form  hemozoin. To date, the only definitively characterized product of hematin disposal is the pigment hemozoin. Hemozoin is per definitionem not a mineral and therefore not formed by biomineralization. Heme biocrystallization has been found in blood feeding organisms of great medical importance including Plasmodium, Rhodnius and Schistosoma. Heme biocrystallization is inhibited by quinoline antimalarials such as chloroquine.

Targeting heme  biocrystallization remains one of the most promising avenues for antimalarial drug development because the drug target is highly specific to the malarial parasite, and outside the genetic control of the parasite.

Lithiasis
Lithiasis (formation of stones) is a global human health problem.  Stones can form in both urinary and gastrointestinal tracts.  Related to the formation of stones is the formation of crystals;  this can occur in joints (e.g. gout) and in the viscera.

See also 

 Biomineralization
 Diatomaceous earth
 Magnetotactic bacteria
 Prion

References

External links
 Order in stress – Lessons from the inanimate world

Metabolism
Cell biology
Chemical pathology
Biomineralization
CIAT Group. The Compagnie Industrielle d'Applications Thermiques, or CIAT Group, is an HVAC equipment manufacturer, founded in 1934.

The headquarters and main industrial site are located in France, in Culoz department of Ain, between Lyon and Geneva. A second large industrial facility is located in Montilla, in Cordoba, Spain, where several HVAC products, such as rooftop units, are manufactured and engineered. A large research and development center including a test laboratory is also present there.

CIAT was able to expand internationally since 2004, concentrating heavily on the Middle East, as well as Canada after it was acquired by UTC in 2015. One of the most dominant reselling branches is located in the West Bank, working under the representative company GATES, registered as Green Advanced. In which they have been taking majority of the HVAC market in Palestinian territories.

History 

1934 : Foundation of CIAT by Jean Falconnier.
1984 : His son, Jean-Louis Falconnier, takes over the company.
2005 : Death of Jean-Louis Falconnier, his brother, Jean-Pierre Falconnier takes over the company.
2015 : United Technologies Corporation (UTC) acquires CIAT.

References

External links 
Corporate Website

Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning companies
Manufacturing companies of France
Manufacturing companies established in 1934
French brands
French companies established in 1934
Hermann Knoflacher. Hermann Knoflacher (born 21 September 1940 in Villach) is an Austrian civil engineer. He was the head of the Institute for Transport Planning and Technology at the Vienna University of Technology.

Life and teachings

Knoflacher completed degrees in civil engineering, geodesy, and mathematics. Since 1975 he is a professor at the Vienna University of Technology. In 1985 he became head of the Institute for Transport Planning. His research focuses on spatial planning, urban planning, and transport planning. He is one of the key contributors to the sustainable transport movement (known as "Sanfte Mobilität" in German). Since 2004 he is the president of the Club of Vienna. He is also a member of the Club of Budapest and the global pedestrian representative of the United Nations.

Knoflacher is well known for his criticism of excessive automobile usage and its effects on humans and the environment. Knoflacher has compared the automobile to "a virus": "We are increasingly retreating into enclosed environments, more or less out of our own choice, while isolating ourselves from an outside world subjected to noise, pollution and dust created by cars".

Knoflacher developed the concept of the "Gehzeug" (a German neologism that can be translated as "walkmobile") to illustrate the problems he identified in urban transport policy. The "walkmobile" is essentially just a wooden frame that can be worn by a pedestrian in order to utilize the same amount of space as a motorist. The "walkmobiles" have become a popular way to draw attention at demonstrations against car dominance in cities, especially in Austria. According to Knoflacher, the walkmobile allows people to visualize the irrationality of urban motor traffic and its excessive land consumption.

Publications 
 Katalysatoren für Nichtmotorisierte. H. Knoflacher, Wien 1985, .
 Fußgeher- und Fahrradverkehr. Böhlau, Wien/Köln/Weimar 1995, .
 Zur Harmonie von Stadt und Verkehr. 2. Auflage. Böhlau, Wien/Köln/Weimar 1996 .
 Landschaft ohne Autobahnen. Böhlau, Wien/Köln/Weimar 1996, .
 Stehzeuge – Fahrzeuge : Der Stau ist kein Verkehrsproblem. Böhlau, Wien/Köln/Weimar 2001, .
 Weltreligionen und Kapitalismus. Kapitalismus gezähmt? (Hrsg.). Echomedia, Wien 2006, .
 Grundlagen der Verkehrs- und Siedlungsplanung : Verkehrsplanung. Böhlau, Wien/Köln/Weimar 2007, .

His ideas on parking and transport policy are also summarized in English in Knoflacher, Hermann (2006), "A new way to organize parking: the key to a successful sustainable transport system for the future", Environment and Urbanization Vol. 18, No. 2, page 387-400.

See also 
 Spatial Justice

References

External links 
 
 
 Hermann Knoflacher at the Donau-Universität Krems
 various interviews at zukunft-ennstal.at

Austrian civil engineers
Transport engineers
People from Villach
Academic staff of TU Wien
1940 births
Living people
Members of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts
Sustainable transport pioneers
Peugeot 108. The Peugeot 108 is a city car launched by French manufacturer Peugeot in March 2014 at the Geneva Motor Show. The 108 is related to the Citroën C1 and Toyota Aygo, and shares their floorpan, engines, transmission and electrics. Sales commenced in June 2014 in Mainland Europe and in July 2014 in the United Kingdom.

The model, along with the Citroën C1, was phased out on January 1, 2022, when Toyota took full ownership of the plant in the Czech Republic, and announced the model would not be renewed. Production ended without any direct successor. The cars were all built in the TPCA factory in the Czech Republic for nearly seven years.

Overview 

The 108 was powered by a choice of two three-cylinder petrol engines between 2014 and 2018; A 1.0 L Toyota 3-Cylinder with 69 PS, and a 1.2 L PSA 3-Cylinder with 83 PS. From 2018 onwards these engines were replaced with a revised 1.0 L Toyota 3-cylinder with 72 PS.

Peugeot introduced an updated interior in the spring of 2018 with new seat upholstery. There were no exterior changes.

Engines 

The 108 shares its powertrain and specifications with the Aygo and C1.

Discontinuation 
In 2018, it was reported that the model, along with the Citroën C1, would be phased out by 2021, when Toyota took full ownership of the plant in the Czech Republic, and the model would not be renewed.

Sales

References

External links 

108
Cars introduced in 2014
Cars discontinued in 2021
City cars
2010s cars
2020s cars
Temperzone. Temperzone is a privately owned large-sized organisation specialising in manufacturing air conditioning units and ventilation equipment for both residential and commercial markets. It operates in New Zealand, Australia, Singapore and other parts of Asia. Temperzone has over 500 employees.

History
The Temperzone Group was originally formed in New Zealand in 1956 by founder Eric Kendall. Temperzone's presence in Australia was due to the acquisition of Bradway Engineering in 1985. Today, the business is run by Governing Director and CEO Les Kendall.

General
It is one of the few manufacturers in Australia & New Zealand that still manufactures within those countries. It is also one of the only companies in the manufacturing industry that has its management structure within Australasia.

Temperzone was the first manufacturer to use R-410A refrigerant (with a Zero ODP) as a standard across its entire split-ducted, rooftop package & water source heat pump range.

Temperzone is the largest air conditioning manufacturer in Australia and New Zealand.

Hitachi Strategic Alliance
On 3 August 2009, Temperzone Australia and Hitachi announced a strategic alliance which allowed Hitachi air conditioning products to be exclusively distributed within the Australian and New Zealand markets by Temperzone.

2020 Layoffs
Temperzone laid off 85 of its employees after COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand.

See also
Air conditioning
HVAC
Refrigerant

External links
Temperzone Official Website
Temperzone Company Linkedin Page
Hitachi Cooling & Heating Australia
Hitachi Cooling & Heating New Zealand

References 

Manufacturing companies of Australia
Manufacturing companies based in Auckland
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning companies
Manufacturing companies established in 1956
New Zealand brands
1956 establishments in New Zealand
Weichai Power. Weichai Power Co., Ltd. is a Chinese developer and manufacturer of diesel engines in Weifang, Shandong in the People's Republic of China. It also manufactures forklifts and non-diesel engine automotive parts.

History

Weichai Power was founded on 23 December 2002. Its shares began trading on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in 2004 and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange in 2007.

In 2009, Weichai bought French marine engine manufacturer Moteurs Baudouin. In 2012, it agreed to buy a 25% stake in German forklift manufacturer KION Group for ; the stake grew to 38.25% by 2016.

Weichai became the first Scuderia Ferrari sponsor from China in January 2013; the sponsorship was to end in 2016.

The company appeared on the Fortune 500 list for the first time in 2021, ranking 425th.

Since 1999, Weichai Group has partnered itself with Bosch, an engineering company based in Gerlingen, Germany, to share research and development on technologies such as fuel cells and common rail fuel-injection systems. On November 3, 2023, they both signed a strategic cooperation agreement where they agreed to cooperate on the development of new technologies, such as high thermal efficiency diesel engines.

In 2023 Weichai partnered with BYD, a Shenzhen-based electric vehicle manufacturer and also the biggest electric vehicle manufacturer in the world. Both companies plan to develop new electric vehicle technology, as Weichai has planned since 2010 to focus on new energy options and has invested approximately $550 million in research and development of electric, hybrid and hydrogen fuel cell engines.

In 2024 Weichai demonstrated the most efficient diesel engine in the world at the World Congress on Internal Combustion Engines in Tianjin, China. This diesel engine has 53.09% thermal efficiency as verified by Technischer Überwachungsverein, an international testing body. It is expected that the engine would perform with 14% better fuel efficiency than previous engines, which would reduce operating costs and reduce carbon footprint.

Achievements 
 2007 China Quality Award
 2023 Manufactured engine for the most powerful truck in the world, the Shacman X6000, producing 800 horsepower.
 2024 Most efficient diesel engine in the world with 53.09% thermal efficiency.

References

Weichai Group
Companies listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange
Companies listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange
Energy companies established in 2002
Chinese brands
Government-owned companies of China
Companies based in Weifang
2002 establishments in China
Chinese companies established in 2002
Forklift truck manufacturers
Diesel engine manufacturers
Electrical generation engine manufacturers
Automotive transmission makers
Engine manufacturers of China
Companies in the CSI 100 Index
2002 in Weifang