omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Anatole Abragam. Anatole Abragam (15 December 1914 – 8 June 2011) was a French physicist who wrote The Principles of Nuclear Magnetism and made significant contributions to the field of nuclear magnetic resonance. Originally from Griva, Courland Governorate, Russian Empire, Abragam and his family emigrated to France in 1925.

Education
After being educated at the University of Paris, (1933–1936), he served in the Second World War. After the war, he resumed his studies at the École Supérieure d'Électricité and subsequently obtained his Ph.D. from the University of Oxford in 1950 under the supervision of Maurice Pryce.

Career and research
In 1976, he was made an Honorary Fellow of Merton College, Oxford, Magdalen College, Oxford, and Jesus College, Oxford. From 1960 to 1985, he worked as a professor at the .

Awards and honors
Abragam won the Fernand Holweck Medal and Prize in 1958.
Abragam was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1974.
He was awarded the Lorentz Medal in 1982.
He was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 1983.

A building in CEA Saclay is named after him; Bâtiment Anatole Abragam.

Books 

Abragam A & Bleaney B. Electron paramagnetic resonance of transition ions. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1970.

References

External links 
 Anatole Abragam. 15 December 1914 — 8 June 2011 Biographial Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society

1914 births
2011 deaths
Scientists from Daugavpils
People from Courland Governorate
20th-century Latvian Jews
Latvian emigrants to France
20th-century French physicists
Foreign members of the Royal Society
Foreign members of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Alumni of Jesus College, Oxford
Members of the French Academy of Sciences
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
Academic staff of the Collège de France
University of Paris alumni
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
French Army personnel of World War II
Recipients of the Lomonosov Gold Medal
Lorentz Medal winners
Jewish physicists
Members of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences
Recipients of the Matteucci Medal
Jewish French scientists
Computer configuration. In communications or computer systems, a configuration of a system refers to the arrangement of each of its functional units, according to their nature, number and chief characteristics. Often, configuration pertains to the choice of hardware, software, firmware, and documentation. Along with its architecture, the configuration of a computer system affects both its function and performance.

The configuration of a computer is typically recorded in a configuration file. In modern computer systems, this is created and updated automatically as physical components are added or removed. Applications may assume that the configuration file is an accurate representation of the physical configuration and act accordingly.

See also 
Auto-configuration
Configuration management
Software configuration management
Configuration file
Configurator

References
 Federal Standard 1037C
Arid Lands Ecology Reserve. The Arid Land Ecology Reserve (ALE) is the largest tract of shrub-steppe ecosystem remaining in the U.S. state of Washington. It is managed for the U.S. Department of Energy by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (which is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute). The 320 km² area is a portion of the 1500 km² National Environmental Research Park located on the Hanford Site on the northwest boundary of Richland, Washington.

On June 27, 2000, a range fire destroyed most of the native sagebrush and bunchgrass as well as damaged the microbiotic crust.  Though the US Fish and Wildlife Service has attempted to re-introduce native flora, the Arid Lands Ecology Reserve is currently dominated by non-native species such as cheatgrass, knapweeds, and Russian thistle (tumbleweed)  which flourished after the 2000 fire. Other species such as spiny hop sage and Wyoming big sagebrush were decimated by the fire and in its aftermath.

Vegetation

Shrub-steppe 
This vegetation type describes plant communities found in and around arid mountains, ridges and slopes. In the ALE this includes shrubs (sagebrush and rabbit brush), perennial bunchgrasses (Sandberg's blue grass and bluebunch wheat grass) as well as both annual and perennial forbs (balsamroot, phlox and fleabane).

Riparian 
This vegetation type refers to plant communities located around springs and streamflow. In the ALE these areas are dominated by willow, black cottonwood, chokecherry, and mock Orange.

Point of Interest 
North facing slope of Rattlesnake Mountain is the highest “treeless” mountain in the United States.

Rare plant species such as Mountain Milk Vetch and  Piper's daisy can be found in this area.

History and Significant Dates 
From the early 1800s to around the 1940s this area was used as animal pasture, human homesteading, oil drilling and development of infrastructure such as roads. In 1943 the United States Department of Energy (DOE) gained ownership of the land. The ALE was then established in 1967 with the intended purpose of plant conservation. It gained natural area research designation in 1971 and later national environmental research park status in 1975. Currently, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service have handled land management through permits with the DOE, while the DOE maintain administrative powers over the land and any associated roads, this has been in effect since 1997. Finally, in 2000 it was amalgamated into the Hanford Reach National Monument.

See also
 Arid Forest Research Institute

References

Protected areas of Benton County, Washington
Flora of Washington (state)
Natural history of Washington (state)
Nature reserves in Washington (state)
Grunerite. Grunerite is a mineral of the amphibole group of minerals with formula Fe7Si8O22(OH)2. It is the iron endmember of the grunerite-cummingtonite series. It forms as fibrous, columnar or massive aggregates of crystals. The crystals are monoclinic prismatic. The luster is glassy to pearly with colors ranging from green, brown to dark grey. The Mohs hardness is 5 to 6 and the specific gravity is 3.4 to 3.5.

It was discovered in 1853 and named after Emmanuel-Louis Gruner (1809–1883), the Swiss-French chemist who first analysed it.

Amosite (fibrous grunerite) 

Amosite is a rare asbestiform variety of grunerite that was mined as asbestos predominantly in the eastern part of the Transvaal Province of South Africa. The origin of the name is Amosa, the acronym for the mining company "Asbestos Mines of South Africa". In industry Amosite is referred to as "brown asbestos".

References

External links

Inosilicates
Iron(II) minerals
Asbestos
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 12
Hutchinsonite. Hutchinsonite is a sulfosalt mineral of thallium, arsenic and lead with formula . Hutchinsonite is a rare hydrothermal mineral.

It was first discovered in a sample from Binnental, Switzerland, in 1903 and named after Cambridge mineralogist Arthur Hutchinson, F.R.S. (1866–1937) in 1904.

See also
List of minerals
List of minerals named after people

References

Further reading

Thallium minerals
Lead minerals
Arsenic minerals
Sulfosalt minerals
Orthorhombic minerals
Minerals in space group 61
Minerals described in 1904
Backyard furnace. In China, backyard furnaces () were large and small blast furnaces used by the people of China during the Great Leap Forward (1958–1962). These were constructed in the fields and backyards of communes to further the Great Leap Forward's aims of making China the top steel producer in the world. However, most furnaces were only capable of producing pig iron.

The productivity of backyard furnaces was highly variable across China. Many regions experienced a renewed interest in traditional metalworking practices, and successfully produced steel and copper. Nonetheless, backyard furnaces were largely an improvised and undisciplined pursuit in much of the countryside. In 1958, the Communist Party funded the production of dozens of documentaries on metalworking in an attempt to counteract widespread ignorance and further promote the practice.

Peasants were encouraged to prioritize iron and steel production over agricultural obligations, which may have been a contributing factor in the severity of the Great Chinese Famine. Where iron ore was unavailable, various steel and iron items were smelted for the intended result of manufacturing steel for more useful creations. The widespread popularity of the practice led to the mass destruction of Shengbao iron cash coins from the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.

Mao Zedong defended backyard furnaces despite the shortcomings, claiming that the practice showed mass enthusiasm, mass creativity, and mass participation in economic development.

See also
Economy of China
Heavy metals
Pollution in China

References

Steel industry of China
1950s in China
1960s in China
Great Leap Forward
Industrial history of China
Economic history of the People's Republic of China
Heinrich Seidel. Heinrich Friedrich Wilhelm Seidel (25 June 1842, Perlin, Mecklenburg-Schwerin – 7 November 1906, Berlin) was a German engineer, poet and writer.

Life

Seidel was the son of a pastor and studied in the Polytechnikum in Hannover from 1860 to 1862 and in the Gewerbeakademie in Berlin, becoming an engineer. Beginning in 1866 he participated in the construction of the Anhalter Bahnhof railway station in Berlin, where he was the first to achieve the construction of its main hall roof with a free span of 62,5 m. However, in 1880 he gave up the profession to dedicate himself to writing the children's stories and fairy tales for which he is chiefly remembered today.

In Berlin, Heinrich Seidel became a member of the Hütte Academic Association "A.V. Hütte" and the literary society Tunnel über der Spree. Under the pseudonym Johannes Köhnke he collaborated with Julius Stinde (pseudonym Theophil Ballheim), Johannes Trojan and others in the Allgemeiner Deutscher Reimverein (ADR), where he demonstrated his skill as a Reimakrobat (rhyme acrobat).

The famous catchphrase "Dem Ingenieur ist nichts zu schwer" (to an engineer nothing is too difficult) was his personal motto and the first line of his writing Ingenieurlied (Song of an Engineer).

 
He is interred at the Berlin's Lichterfelde cemetery.

Works 

Aus der Heimat, Novellen, 1874
Vorstadtgeschichten, 1880
Leberecht Hühnchen, Jorinde und andere Geschichten, 1882
Im Jahre 1984, 1884
Neues von Leberecht Hühnchen und anderen Sonderlingen, 1888
Natursänger, 1888
Leberecht Hühnchen als Großvater, 1890
Sonderbare Geschichten, 1891
Von Perlin nach Berlin, Lebenserinnerungen, 1894 (new edition 2006)
Glockenspiel, VII.Band Gesammelte Schriften, 1897
Wintermärchen, XVI.Band Gesammelte Schriften, 1901
Leberecht Hühnchen (Gesamtausgabe), 1901
Heimatgeschichten (Gesamtausgabe), 1902
Reinhard Flemmings Abenteuer zu Wasser und zu Lande (3 Bde.), 1900–1906
Ingenieurlied

References 

Text of this article initially translated from article on German Wikipedia.
Christian Ferber: Die Seidels, Geschichte einer bürgerlichen Familie 1811–1977. Stuttgart: DVA 1979 – Christian Ferber is a pseudonym for Georg Seidel, b. 1919, the son of Heinrich Wolfgang Seidel and Ina Seidel.
Friedrich Mülder: Heinrich Seidel. ...Wie er ein Poet und Ingenieur gewesen... Ein Lebensbild. Hamburg: Von Bockel 1997. (= Schriftenreihe Mecklenburger Profile; 3)

External links 
 
 
  Texte von Heinrich Seidel (Projekt Gutenberg-DE) 
 Heinrich Seidel in der Chronik der HÜTTE
   Alfred Biese: Kurze Autobiographie
  Kurzbiografie zu Heinrich Seidel
 Über "Leberecht Hühnchen"

1842 births
1906 deaths
Engineers from Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
People from the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
German male poets
19th-century German poets
19th-century German male writers
People from Nordwestmecklenburg
David Hassinger. Walter David Hassinger (March 31, 1927 – August 15, 2007) was an American Grammy award-winning recording engineer and record producer.

Biography

Early years
Born in Los Angeles, California, he joined the U.S. Navy aged 17, and was one of the first divers on the USS Oklahoma at Pearl Harbor.  He became a radio engineer in the Navy, before leaving due to illness and moving to Alaska, where he helped set up radio stations in Seward and Anchorage.

Career

In recording 
After a few years he returned to California, and began working as a sound engineer at RCA Records in Los Angeles.   During 1964 he served as "audio consultant" for the landmark concert film The T.A.M.I. Show.  He won a Grammy in 1964 for Best Engineered Recording - Special Or Novel Effects, for his work on The Chipmunks Sing the Beatles Hits.

From November 1964 until August 1966 he was often the chief engineer for the Rolling Stones, primarily on the dates when they recorded at the RCA studios in Los Angeles, working on several albums and singles with the band during that period. Hassinger discovered, signed and managed the Electric Prunes, owning the rights to the band's name and engineering all of their recordings from their second single and first hit until their breakup in the early 1970s. Other musicians with whom he worked included Jefferson Airplane, the Mamas and the Papas, the Grateful Dead, Elvis Presley, Frank Sinatra, the Monkees, Liverpool Five, Love, The Seeds, The Collectors, Crosby Stills Nash and Young, the Jackson 5, Leo Kottke, Seals and Crofts, the Blackbyrds, Sweetwater, and George Strait. The Doors' producer Paul Rothchild described Hassinger as "a perfect example of a great engineer in a bad studio.... one of the great engineers in the world today... [T]hat Hassinger was able to go as far as he did with that studio [RCA] is a mark of his excellence as an engineer."

In 1969, Hassinger purchased the Moonglow Records building in Hollywood and renamed it the Sound Factory. The Sound Factory went on to become one of the most popular recording studios in Hollywood. He later worked for KPSI-FM radio in Palm Springs.

As a producer 
Electric Prunes:
The Electric Prunes (1967)
Underground (1967)
Mass in F Minor (1968)
Release of an Oath (1968)
Just Good Old Rock and Roll (1969)
Grateful Dead:
The Grateful Dead (1967)
Anthem of the Sun (1968)
The Collectors:
The Collectors (1968)
Grass & Wild Strawberries (1969)
Sweetwater:
Sweetwater (1968)
Mojo: 
Mojo Magic (1969)
Mephistopheles
In Frustration I Hear Singing (1969)

Death
He died at a nursing home in Vancouver, Washington in 2007, aged 80.

References

External links
Artistdirect biography.
Notes on Hassinger's work with the Stones.
Interview with James Lowe of the Electric Prunes.

American audio engineers
Record producers from California
1927 births
2007 deaths
Engineers from California
20th-century American engineers
INP. INP may stand for:

INP (database), an early database system developed at the University of California, Berkeley
Integrated National Police, a forerunner of the Philippine National Police
Illinois Newspaper Project
Industry and Business Party (Industri- og Næringspartiet), a Norwegian political party 
Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics
National Polytechnic Institutes (France) ()
Peruvian Navy (ICAO air service code: INP), see List of airline codes (P)
Iñapari language (ISO 639 language code: inp)
Indium phosphide (InP)
InPage (file extension: .inp) a word processor and page layout program
EPANET (file extension: .inp) a geographic information system for modelling water distribution systems
Ice nucleaction particle

See also

INP10, a protein

1-NP (disambiguation)
INPS (disambiguation)
IPN (disambiguation)
NP (disambiguation)
LNP (disambiguation)
nip (disambiguation)
NPI (disambiguation)
PNI (disambiguation)
Pin (disambiguation)
Uranium diboride. Uranium boride (UB2), a compound of uranium and boron, is a very stable glassy boride material that is insoluble in water.

It is being explored as an ingredient in high entropy alloys, and as a method of immobilizing uranium-based radioactive waste, and rendering it safe for long-term storage. It has some applications in endocurietherapy, a method of radiation therapy wherein radioactive microspheres are implanted directly into the treatment site and allowed to remain for an extended period of time, may also use this class of material as it would not be attacked while in situ.

It is being considered as a nuclear fuel material as it has a high density and thermal conductivity

References

 
 

Uranium compounds
Borides
Nuclear materials
Non-oxide glasses
Square D. Square D is an American manufacturer of electrical equipment headquartered in Andover, Massachusetts. Square D is a flagship brand of Schneider Electric, which acquired the company in 1991.

The company was listed on the New York Stock Exchange for 55 years prior to its acquisition without reporting financial loss in any calendar quarter, paying out 220 consecutive quarterly dividends to shareholders.

History 

The company was founded on December 15, 1902 by Bryson Dexter Horton and James B. McCarthy. In 1903 they incorporated as the McBride Manufacturing Company. During the first decade of business, the company expanded into various other electrical products. In 1908, the company was renamed Detroit Fuse and Manufacturing. Horton, an 1895 electrical engineering graduate of the University of Michigan, was credited with the invention of the safety switch, which encased high voltage switches and started the company's main line of business of circuit breakers and encased control panels. Their first enclosed safety switch was introduced in 1909.

Soon after their renaming to Detroit Fuse and Manufacturing, the company adopted their famous logo — a capital "letter D" for Detroit, enclosed in a square. The logo was stamped on all Square D's switches and products. The combination of an easily remembered monogram logo and their great popularity resulted in customers referring to their products as "Square D". Consequently, the company trademarked the logo and in 1917 they renamed the company Square D. Horton served as Square D's president until 1928

In the early 1920s Square D sold the majority of their fuse business in order to focus more on their safety switches and other safety products; advertisements with the tagline "Jones is Dead!" directed public attention to the lethal hazard of exposed electrical switches in factories. Square D hoped to capitalize on the growing concern of factory safety.

By 1929, Square D merged with a Milwaukee-based industrial controller company and began producing Westinghouse-licensed circuit breakers. In 1935 Square D began producing its own range of circuit breakers for both commercial and residential uses.

In 1991, the company was acquired and became a subsidiary of Schneider Electric.  In 2003, the Square D by Schneider Electric brand celebrated its 100th anniversary.

Today the company produces several lines of circuit breakers for domestic, commercial, and industrial applications.

Gallery

References

External links 

 Square D products at Schneider Electric

Electrical wiring and construction supplies manufacturers
Companies based in Essex County, Massachusetts
History of Detroit
American companies established in 1902
Electronics companies established in 1902
Schneider Electric
1991 mergers and acquisitions
1917 establishments in Michigan
Fuk Li. Fuk K. Li (李復國;  ) is the Director of the Mars Exploration Directorate at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

Li's directorate is responsible for JPL's projects exploring Mars, including two orbiters (Mars Odyssey and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter), two famous rovers (Spirit and Opportunity), the Phoenix stationary laboratory which landed near the north pole of Mars in 2008, and the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover that was sent to the red planet in 2011 and landed there in 2012.

Biography 
Li was born in Hong Kong in 1953, and received his secondary school education in Queen Elizabeth School, Hong Kong.

He received his bachelor's (1975) and Ph.D. (1979) degrees in physics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He joined JPL in 1979 and has been involved in radar remote sensing activities.  He has developed a number of system analysis tools for spaceborne synthetic aperture radar system design, and participated in the development of and applications for interferometric synthetic aperture radar.  From 1983 to 1988, he was the project engineer for the NASA Scatterometer.  He was principal investigator for an airborne rain mapping radar, an airborne cloud mapping radar, an experiment using spaceborne imaging radar to study rainfall effects on ocean roughness, and the development of an airborne active/passive microwave system for ocean salinity and soil moisture sensing. From 1997 to 2001 he managed the New Millennium Program, designed to flight-validate key technologies that bring significant benefits to future science missions. He became deputy director of JPL's Solar System Exploration Program Directorate in 2001, and deputy director for the Mars Exploration Directorate in 2004, and director for the Mars Exploration Directorate in 2005. He is currently also the NASA Mars Exploration Program Manager.

In 2007, Li received the NASA Outstanding Leadership Medal and in 2008, the NASA Distinguished Service Medal.

References 

Official NASA Biography
Project Director's page 

Living people
NASA people
People associated with radar
Place of birth missing (living people)
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Synthetic aperture radar
Year of birth missing (living people)
Corey–Kim oxidation. The Corey–Kim oxidation is an oxidation reaction used to synthesize aldehydes and ketones from primary and secondary alcohols. It is named for American chemist and Nobel Laureate Elias James Corey and Korean-American chemist Choung Un Kim.

Although the Corey–Kim oxidation possesses the distinctive advantage over Swern oxidation of allowing an operation above –25 °C, it is not so commonly used due to issues with selectivity in substrates susceptible to chlorination by N-chlorosuccinimide.

Reaction mechanism

Dimethyl sulfide (Me2S) is treated with N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS), resulting in formation of an "active DMSO" species that is used for the activation of the alcohol. Addition of triethylamine to the activated alcohol leads to its oxidation to aldehyde or ketone and generation of dimethyl sulfide. In variance with other alcohol oxidation using "activated DMSO," the reactive oxidizing species is not generated by reaction of DMSO with an electrophile. Rather, it is formed by oxidation of dimethyl sulfide with an oxidant (NCS).

Under Corey–Kim conditions allylic and benzylic alcohols have a tendency to evolve to the corresponding allyl and benzyl chlorides unless the alcohol activation is very quickly followed by addition of triethylamine. In fact, Corey–Kim conditions —with no addition of triethylamine— are very efficient for the transformation of allylic and benzylic alcohols to chlorides in presence of other alcohols.

Variations
Substituting dimethyl sulfide with something less noxious has been the goal of several research projects. Ohsugia et al. substituted a long-chain sulfide, dodecyl methyl sulfide, for dimethyl sulfide. Crich et al. utilized fluorous technology in a similar manner.

See also
Pfitzner–Moffatt oxidation
Sulfonium-based oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes

References

External links
Corey–Kim Oxidation from Organic-Chemistry

Organic oxidation reactions
Name reactions