omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
LatticeMico32. LatticeMico32 is a 32-bit microprocessor reduced instruction set computer (RISC) soft core from Lattice Semiconductor optimized for field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). It uses a Harvard architecture, which means the instruction and data buses are separate. Bus arbitration logic can be used to combine the two buses, if desired.

LatticeMico32 is licensed under a free (IP) core license. This means that the Mico32 is not restricted to Lattice FPGAs, and can be legally used on any host architecture (FPGA, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or software emulation, e.g., QEMU). It is possible to embed a LatticeMico32 core into Xilinx and Altera FPGAs, in addition to the Lattice Semiconductor parts the LatticeMico32 was developed for. AMD PowerTune uses LatticeMico32.

The CPU core and the development toolchain are available as source-code, allowing third parties to implement changes to the processor architecture.

Features 
 RISC load/store architecture
 32-bit data path
 32-bit fixed-size instructions (all instructions are 32 bits, including jump, call and branch instructions.)
 32 general purpose registers (R0 is typically set to zero by convention, however R0 is a standard register and other values may be assigned to it if so desired.)
 Up to 32 external interrupts
 Configurable instruction set including user defined instructions
 Optional configurable caches (direct-mapped or 2-way set-associative, with a variety of cache sizes and arrangements)
 Optional pipelined memories
 Dual Wishbone memory interfaces (one read-only instruction bus, one read-write data/peripheral bus)
 Memory mapped I/O
 6 stage pipeline

Toolchain 
 GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) – C/C++ compiler; LatticeMico32 support is added in GCC 4.5.0, patches are available for support in GCC 4.4.0
 Binutils – Assembler, linker, and binary utilities; supports LatticeMico32 since version 2.19
 GNU Debugger (GDB) – Debugger
 Eclipse – Integrated development environment (IDE)
 Newlib – C library
 μCos-II, μITRON, RTEMS - real-time operating systems (RTOS)
 μClinux – operating system

See also 
 Milkymist – LatticeMico32-based system on a chip (SoC)

References

External links
 
 , uCLinux port to Milkymist SoC, that uses LatticeMico32
 , LatticeMico32 emulator in JavaScript, cf. Fabrice Bellard's jslinux
 ERIKA Enterprise (OSEK/VDX API) porting for LatticeMico32

Soft microprocessors
Wiess School of Natural Sciences. The Wiess School of Natural Sciences is an academic school at Rice University in Houston, Texas. It comprises the departments of BioSciences (a merging of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and Ecology and Evolutionary Biology); Chemistry; Earth, Environment and Planetary Sciences; Kinesiology; Mathematics; and Physics and Astronomy. Rice is well known for its groundbreaking research in nanotechnology. As well as undergraduate in instruction, the school also supports a professional science master's program. One of Rice's greatest minds and pioneers of the field was Richard Smalley, the Norman Hackerman Professor of Chemistry and Professor of Physics and Astronomy. Smalley received the Nobel Prize (along with chemist Robert Curl) in 1996 for the discovery buckminsterfullerene, an allotrope of carbon commonly referred to as "buckyballs".

About Natural Sciences at Rice
The four founding departments of Rice (Biology, Chemistry, Mathematics, Physics) are still a part of the Wiess School, which has historically been known for its strength in the sciences. Its Department of Space Science was established in 1963. The land on which the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center was built was donated by Rice University. Following this, President John F. Kennedy made a speech at Rice Stadium calling on the United States of America to develop its space program further.

Rice is also known for its emphasis on undergraduate education. The Wiess School of Natural Sciences offers research experiences for its students. The premedical students in particular benefit from the nearby Texas Medical Center which offers many opportunities for research. The school also operates the Betty and Jacob Friedman Holistic Garden, comprising a small urban farm growing fruits and vegetables for the student serveries and demonstration gardens for the differently abled.

Organization
The Dean of the school is Thomas C. Killian, taking over from Peter J. Rossky in 2021. 

The Associate Dean for Research is George N. Phillips, Jr., the Associate Dean for Academic Affairs is Kenton Whitmire, the Associate Dean for Strategic Initiatives is Janet Braam, and the Assistant Dean of Business Operations is Stephanie Post.

The BioSciences department was created in July 2014 upon the merging of the Biochemistry & Cell Biology (BCB) department with the Ecology & Evolutionary Biology (EEB) department.

References

External links
Wiess School of Natural Sciences
Rice University
Texas Medical Center
The Betty and Jacob Friedman Holistic Garden

Rice University
Educational institutions established in 1912
1912 establishments in Texas
Mode control panel. In aviation, the mode control panel (MCP) is an instrument panel that controls an advanced autopilot and related systems such as an automated flight-director system (AFDS).

The MCP contains controls that allow the crew of the aircraft to select which parts of the aircraft's flight are to be controlled automatically. In modern MCPs, there are many different modes of automation available. The MCP can be used to instruct the autopilot to hold a specific altitude, to change altitudes at a specific rate, to hold a specific heading, to turn to a new heading, to follow the directions of a flight management computer (FMC), and so on.  The MCP is actually independent of the autopilot—it simply sets the mode in which the autopilot operates, but the autopilot itself (e.g., an AFDS) is a separate aircraft system.  The MCP often interacts with both the AFDS or autopilot and the FMC(s).

MCPs are usually found in advanced aircraft intended for commercial use, especially jet airliners.  They are often mounted on the glare shield, a small panel that overhangs the main instrument panel of the aircraft and also functions as a shield against outside glare.

See also
Electronic flight instrument system

Aircraft controls

Avionics
Decrepitation. Decrepitation is the noise produced when certain chemical compounds are heated, or it refers to the cracking, or breaking up of lumps of limestone during heating. Such compounds include lead nitrate and calcine.

Mineralogy
Decrepitation is one of the most accurate ways to calculate a mineral-deposit scale so that the analysis of the hydrothermal system is advanced and improved. Fluid inclusions are important in regard to decrepitation because they are the microscopic areas of gas and liquid within crystals that are decrepitated, or broken, with the application of heat.

When decrepitating the crystal or salt, the liquid pressure is released which can result in a crack. However, in some cases the fluid inclusions are not fully decrepitated, in which case other methods must be used. Despite this shortcoming, decrepitation is the preferred procedure for identifying minerals because it allows for the quickest and greatest number of inclusions to be measured.

The pressure necessary to spur decrepitation is reliant upon the size of the fluid inclusions; bigger inclusions decrepitate more easily at pressures between 700-900 atmospheres, while smaller fluid inclusions may require upwards of 1200 atmospheres, contrastingly, when fluid inclusions become even smaller, the amount of pressure applied will have no effect and decrepitation will not occur.

Decrepitation in metamorphic rock

If the decrepitation begins at a temperature less than the temperature required to form the mineral, it is likely that the rate of decrepitation will speed up once the temperature exceeds that of the initial heating.

For metamorphic rocks, there are certain principles for measuring the decrepitations. What is known as D1 decrepitation, is classified as a temperature range of about 200-300°C and is caused by the liquid phase which occupies intricate inclusions, as in hydrothermal minerals. D2 decrepitation is characterized by a starting heat range of about 300-700°C, the temperature can also increase rapidly for a few hundred degrees, such as in solid inclusions. D3 decrepitation is continuously heated until the rate reaches its maximum out at about 350-450°C, D3 decrepitation can be observed in carbonates and is defined by the effect of an inversion of the mineral. Once decrepitation of a D4 mineral is reached it should reach completion within a few degrees, which is seen in the decrepitation of quartz. Decrepitation as a result of decomposition is known as D5 decrepitation, it is characterized by a sharp upwards rate, a definite peak, and a sharp downwards rate, this can be detected by comparing the peaks of various minerals within a rock.

References

Chemical processes
Delustrant. A delustrant is a substance that reduces the lustre (sheen) of synthetic fibres. The most common delustrant is anatase titanium dioxide.

Synthetic fibres such as nylon are normally extremely shiny and transparent when extruded. Adding powdered titanium dioxide causes the surface of the fibres to be rougher, reducing the sheen; at the same time, being opaque, it reduces the transparency of the fibre. To be effective as a delustrant, titanium dioxide must be powdered 0.1-1.0 μm, depending on the size of the fibre, and varying amounts (up to about 2%) can be used depending on the level of lustre required.

Some of the words used to describe different lustre levels are: clear, bright, semi-dull, semi-matt, dull, matt, extra dull, and super dull.

See also 
 Luster (textiles)
 Hand feel

Citations

References 
Dictionary.com definition of Delustrant
textile.web.id definition of Delustrant
Polymer modifications at University of Bolton

Textiles
Zivko Aeronautics. Zivko Aeronautics Inc. is an aeronautics manufacturer specializing in composite prototyping and design for aviation. The company was founded in 1987 by William and Judith Zivko and is located at the  Guthrie–Edmond Regional Airport northeast of Oklahoma City.

Zivko is best known for its Zivko Edge 540 aerobatic aircraft.  It also designs and manufactures a variety of housings for use in a range of aviation-related areas and provide design, fabrication and other services.

References 
About Us Last accessed September 2023.
Budd Davisson  "PIREP: Zivko Edge 540" Air bum March 1995.  Last accessed 18 February 1997.

External links

 

Aircraft manufacturers of the United States
Companies based in Oklahoma
Companies established in 1987
Logan County, Oklahoma
Object-Oriented Programming in Common Lisp. Object-Oriented Programming in Common Lisp: A Programmer's Guide to CLOS (1988, Addison-Wesley, ) is a book by Sonya Keene on the Common Lisp Object System. Published first in 1988, the book starts out with the elements of CLOS and develops through the concepts of data abstraction with classes and methods, inheritance, and genericity towards creating an advanced CLOS program using streams I/O.

External links 
 Sonya E. Keene | InformIT

1988 non-fiction books
Addison-Wesley books
Common Lisp publications
High-speed flight. In high-speed flight, the assumptions of incompressibility of the air used in low-speed aerodynamics no longer apply.  In subsonic aerodynamics, the theory of lift is based upon the forces generated on a body and a moving gas (air) in which it is immersed. At airspeeds below about , air can be considered incompressible in regards to an aircraft, in that, at a fixed altitude, its density remains nearly constant while its pressure varies. Under this assumption, air acts the same as water and is classified as a fluid.

Subsonic aerodynamic theory also assumes the effects of viscosity (the property of a fluid that tends to prevent motion of one part of the fluid with respect to another) are negligible, and classifies air as an ideal fluid, conforming to the principles of ideal-fluid aerodynamics such as continuity, Bernoulli's principle, and circulation. In reality, air is compressible and viscous. While the effects of these properties are negligible at low speeds, compressibility effects in particular become increasingly important as airspeed increases. Compressibility (and to a lesser extent viscosity) is of paramount importance at speeds approaching the speed of sound. In these transonic speed ranges, compressibility causes a change in the density of the air around an airplane.

During flight, a wing produces lift by accelerating the airflow over the upper surface. This accelerated air can, and does, reach supersonic speeds, even though the airplane itself may be flying at a subsonic airspeed (Mach number < 1.0). At some extreme angles of attack, in some airplanes, the speed of the air over the top surface of the wing may be double the airplane's airspeed. It is, therefore, entirely possible to have both supersonic and subsonic airflows on an airplane at the same time. When flow velocities reach sonic speeds at some locations on an airplane (such as the area of maximum camber on the wing), further acceleration will result in the onset of compressibility effects such as shock wave formation, drag increase, buffeting, stability, and control difficulties. Subsonic flow principles are
invalid at all speeds above this point.

See also 
 Coffin corner (aerodynamics)
 Critical Mach number
 Drag divergence Mach number

References

Sources
 

Airspeed
Satz (SAT solver). SatZ is a well known SAT instance solver. It was developed by Prof. Chu Min Li, a computer science researcher. The Z stands for the last version of SAT solvers.

References 

 Chu Min Li and Anbulagan: Heuristics Based on Unit Propagation for Satisfiability Problems. Proceedings of IJCAI, 366–371, 1997

SAT solvers
East Branch Clarion River Lake. East Branch Clarion River Lake, or East Branch Lake is a reservoir at Elk State Park in Elk County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It was constructed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers by damming the East Branch of the Clarion River. Construction of the rolled earth, impervious core dam was authorized by the Flood Control Act of 1944. The lake is one of sixteen flood control projects administered by the Pittsburgh District of the Army Corps of Engineers. East Branch Clarion River Lake helps to provide flood protection for the Clarion River valley and the lower portions of the Allegheny River and the upper portions of the Ohio River.

The dam is  upstream from the confluence of the East and West branches of the Clarion River. It was constructed in 1952 for $9 million and serves a 72.4 mi2 (187 km2) drainage area. It is estimated that East Branch Clarion River Lake has prevented $81 million in damage. The dam was especially important in curtailing damage during the 1972 floods caused by Hurricane Agnes.

East Branch Clarion River Lake also serves recreational purposes. Controlled releases of water during the dry summer months help to improve water quality and quantity for industrial and domestic uses. These releases of the lake waters also improve navigation on the rivers and enhance aquatic life.

East Branch Clarion River Lake is a destination for both fisherman and recreational boaters. The lake is home to cold water fishing for walleye, smallmouth bass, muskellunge, brook, lake, rainbow and brown trout. The creeks of the park are stocked by the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. There is a native brook trout population in some of the smaller streams of the park. There is no limit on the horsepower of the boats. All boats are required to have current registration with any state. Ice fishing and ice boating are common winter activities on East Branch Clarion River Lake.

The land in the vicinity of the dam is managed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The remainder of the land surrounding the lake is administered by the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources as Elk State Park.

References

Reservoirs in Pennsylvania
United States Army Corps of Engineers, Pittsburgh District
Protected areas of Elk County, Pennsylvania
Tourist attractions in Elk County, Pennsylvania
Bodies of water of Elk County, Pennsylvania
D. E. Marsh. Douglas Earle Marsh (1862–1933) was an English railway engineer, and was the Locomotive, Carriage and Wagon Superintendent of the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway from November 1904 until his early retirement on health grounds in July 1911.

Early career
Marsh was born at Aylsham, Norfolk on 4 January 1862, and was educated at Brighton College and University College London. He worked for the Great Western Railway under William Dean becoming an Assistant Works Manager at Swindon in 1888. In 1896 he became Chief Assistant Mechanical Engineer of the Great Northern Railway at Doncaster railway works under H.A. Ivatt, where he participated in the design of the Ivatt Atlantics.

LB&SCR
Marsh succeeded R. J. Billinton as the Locomotive, Carriage and Wagon Superintendent at Brighton Works on 23 November 1904. Marsh's locomotive classes included two designs of Atlantic 4-4-2 (H1 Class and H2 Class), and four designs of 4-4-2T (I1, I2, I3, and I4). In 1910 he designed two 4-6-2T tank locomotives of the J1 and J2 classes.  His least successful design was the LB&SCR C3 class 0-6-0 freight locomotives.

Marsh also rebuilt many of his predecessors' locomotives with larger boilers thereby creating the A1X, B2X, C2X, E4X, E5X and E6X classes. In 1907 he introduced an example of the Schmidt superheater on one of his LB&SCR I3 class locomotives, with dramatically improved results. Whilst at Brighton he abolished the Stroudley yellow livery for passenger locomotives and removed the names from them.

During Marsh's period in office Brighton railway works built up a serious backlog of locomotives awaiting repair, and by 1910 30% of the locomotive stock was unusable. Marsh received much of the blame for this, although it was partly because the works was overwhelmed at the time.

Resignation and retirement
Marsh was never popular within the workforce at Brighton. He resigned on the grounds of deteriorating health in July 1911, following accusations of a number of irregularities in his accounting. Shortly after his resignation he became a consulting engineer for the Rio Tinto Company until 1932. He died in Bath in May 1933.

Patents
 GB191028252, published 30 November 1911, Improvements in and relating to systems and apparatus for washing out and filling locomotive boilers and the like

References

Sources
 D.L. Bradley, Locomotives of the LB&SCR, Parts II. and III. Railway Correspondence and Travel Society, 1972.
, 1978.
 Klaus Marx, Douglas Earle Marsh: his life and times. Oakwood Press, 2005.

1862 births
1933 deaths
English engineers
Locomotive builders and designers
Locomotive superintendents
London, Brighton and South Coast Railway people
English railway mechanical engineers
People from Aylsham
De Havilland Don. The de Havilland DH.93 Don was a 1930s British multi-role three-seat training aircraft built by de Havilland Aircraft.

Design and development
The Don was designed to meet Air Ministry Specification T.6/36 for a multi-role trainer and was a single-engined monoplane of wooden stressed-skin construction. The DH.93 Don was intended to be a trainer for pilots and radio operators, and as a gunnery trainer, the gunnery requirement involved the mounting of a dorsal gun turret. Student pilot and instructor sat side by side up front, while accommodation for a trainee WT (radio) operator and the turret gunner was behind in the cabin.

Operational history
The prototype with test marks E-3 (later military serial number L2387) first flew on 18 June 1937 and was transferred to RAF Martlesham Heath for official evaluation. In the course of the trials, more equipment was added which increased the weight, and as a result, in an attempt to reduce weight, the dorsal turret was removed. The aircraft was also modified with small auxiliary fins fitted beneath the tailplane.

Despite the changes incorporated from the fifth aircraft, the type was deemed not suitable for training and the original order for 250 aircraft was reduced to only 50 aircraft, 20 of which were delivered as engineless airframes for ground training. The remaining aircraft served as communications and liaison aircraft, serving with No. 24 Sqn and numerous RAF Station Flights throughout the UK until early 1939, but all were grounded for use as instructional airframes in March 1939.

Operators

Royal Air Force
No. 24 Squadron RAF
station flights

Specifications (Communications role)

See also

References

Bibliography
 The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982–1985). London: Orbis Publishing, 1986. No ISBN.
 Ford, Daniel. "Outmoded Teacher: de Havilland's Don Crew Trainer". Air Enthusiast 105, May/June 2003, pp. 74–75. .
 Jackson, A.J. de Havilland Aircraft Since 1915. London, Putnam, 1962. No ISBN.
 Jackson, A.J. de Havilland Aircraft since 1909. London:Putnam, Third edition, 1987. .

External links

De Havilland Don – British Aircraft Directory

1930s British military utility aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Don
Aircraft first flown in 1937
Aircraft with retractable conventional landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
Roy Crawford. Robert James "Roy" Crawford  ( – 23 June 2016) was a university administrator and mechanical engineering academic, whose primary research interest has been in the mechanical properties and processing behaviour of plastics.

From 1989 to 1999, he was Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Director of the School of Mechanical and Process Engineering at the Queen's University Belfast in Northern Ireland. He was also responsible for establishing the Polymer Processing Research Centre at Queen's University. This centre included the Research Group on rotational moulding of plastics, which he also established. From 1999 to 2001, he was Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Auckland in New Zealand.

From 2001 to 2004, Crawford was Pro Vice-Chancellor for Research at Queen's University Belfast. From January 2005 until December 2014, he was Vice Chancellor of the University of Waikato in New Zealand.

Crawford published nine books and about 300 papers, and was a member of numerous government panels and research grant committees in the United Kingdom. He was an expert in the rotational moulding of plastics, and gave keynote lectures, courses and seminars on this subject all over the world. During his tenure at Queen's in the 1990s, his school improved its rating in the RAE (Research Assessment Exercise) from Grade 3 in the 1992 RAE to the top Grade of 5* in 1996. He was a member of the 2001 RAE Panel for assessing Mechanical Engineering in all universities in the United Kingdom.

Crawford was born in Northern Ireland, and gained a BSc, PhD and DSc from Queen's University. In 1998, he was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering, and in 2005 he was elected as a Fellow of the Society of Plastics Engineers. Only 227 Fellows have been elected worldwide to this Society since it was established in 1946. In the 2015 Queen's Birthday Honours, Crawford was appointed a Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to tertiary education.

A British national and permanent resident of New Zealand, Crawford was married with three children. He died on 23 June 2016, aged 67 years.

References

1940s births
2016 deaths
British mechanical engineers
Alumni of Queen's University Belfast
Academics of Queen's University Belfast
Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Academic staff of the University of Auckland
Year of birth missing
Academic staff of the University of Waikato
Companions of the New Zealand Order of Merit