omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Engineering Education Scheme. The Engineering Education Scheme is a scheme run in the United Kingdom by the Engineering Development Trust to promote the education of school students about engineering. It is part of the Royal Academy of Engineering's BEST programme.

The Engineering Education Scheme is an annual event which can run for over a year after the start. It begins with a launch day in September or October which are held in regional batches. By this point the schools will have selected their team(s) (normally made up of 4 students) who will take part. At the launch the team is put together with their company (for example Kodak or Ford, however one of the largest contributors is the Royal Navy) and their company gives them a real life challenge that they would otherwise be working on. They are also given presentations by the scheme's organisers as to exactly what they need to do. For the next 6 months the team works on the project. They get help from their teachers as well as visits from engineers from their companies who discuss their ideas with them. They may also visit the factory of their company. At the start of January the team will spend 3 days at a university having lectures from engineering professors and using the facilities to test their designs.

The scheme finishes at a 'Celebration and Assessment Day' where the teams show off their completed design at a stand along with their report which is usually about 40-80 pages long. They also give a presentation to the assessors. Often their design is actually used by the company who gave it to them. At the end of the event they are awarded a bronze, silver, gold or platinum award for their efforts. The platinum award is especially prestigious as it is awarded very infrequently. Students involved in the award often go on to read engineering at University, and the scheme is often a factor contributing to successful entry; due to the level of difficulty its completion is highly regarded by admissions tutors.

Actual examples of projects
"Design a bridge"
"Design a machine for rolling protective plastic over photographic film"
"Investigate and cost energy sources, including renewable for a new factory"
 "Design and build a prototype of a device to measure the draught of a submarine"
 "Design a wind turbine."

References

See also
Engineering Development Trust
Royal Academy of Engineering

External links
 Engineering Education Scheme website
 Engineering Development Trust website
 Royal Academy of Engineering's education website

1984 establishments in the United Kingdom
Engineering societies based in the United Kingdom
Organisations based in Hertfordshire
Welwyn Hatfield
Youth science
Engineering education in the United Kingdom
Aerocar International. Aerocar International was a roadable aircraft manufacturer, founded by Moulton Taylor in Longview, Washington. Work continued until the late 1960s, when changing legislation made Taylor's designs impractical.

History and background
Moulton Taylor was a former naval commander, and is credited with flying and demonstrating the first guided missile. In 1947, he produced the first conceptual drawings for the Aerocar, and in 1948, he began development. The first model built was backed with a $50,000 investment from 49 investors. The first Aerocars were manufactured on a custom basis, and were priced at $12,000, approximately $7000 more than the cheapest light plane in 1951. There were seven Aerocars built from 1950 through 1967, in two different versions. The interior in both versions were cramped, with only fourteen cubic feet of baggage space over the engine compartment. Aerocar I had the capability to cruise at 100+ mph and its range was 300 miles on a 23.5 gallon fuel tank. On the road, its speed was 55-60 mph.

Moulton wanted to mass produce the Aerocar in order to make it more affordable, so he entered into an agreement with Ling-Temco Enterprises in 1961, in Dallas, Texas for production. According to Moulton, the company accepted $278,000 in pre-order deposits and absconded with the money. Taylor sued the company and was involved in a two-year lawsuit in an attempt to retrieve the money. Taylor was never successful in producing the Aerocar on a mass scale, he says, because of the Federal Aviation Administration and their costly regulations, which would govern the industry.

Aircraft
 Aerocar I (1949) – Single-engine two-seat roadable aircraft.  aircraft engine
 Aerocar Aero-Plane (1964) – Aircraft-only derivative of Aerocar I.  aircraft engine
 Aerocar III – Reworked fuselage derivative of Aerocar I.  aircraft engine. One produced
 Aerocar Coot (1969) – Single-engine two-seat floatplane with pusher propeller
 Aerocar IMP – Single-engine four-seat pusher aircraft
 Aerocar Mini-IMP – Single-engine single-seat smaller version of IMP
 Aerocar Bullet – Single-engine two-seat version of IMP
 Aerocar Micro-IMP (1981) – Single-engine single-seat smaller version of Mini-IMP
 Aerocar Ultra-IMP (1987) – Development of Micro-IMP with ultralight aircraft engine. One produced

See also
 Aerocar 2000, a roadable aircraft currently in development in the United States

References

External links
  (archived April 15, 2013)
 Areocar, EAA AirVenture Museum

Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States
Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the United States
Defunct companies based in Washington (state)
Two-level scheduling. Two-level scheduling is a computer science term to describe a method to more efficiently perform process scheduling that involves swapped out processes. 

Consider this problem: A system contains 50 running processes all with equal priority. However, the system's memory can only hold 10 processes in memory simultaneously. Therefore, there will always be 40 processes swapped out written on virtual memory on the hard disk. The time taken to swap out and swap in a process is 50 ms respectively.  

With straightforward Round-robin scheduling, every time a context switch occurs, a process would need to be swapped in (because only the 10 least recently used processes are swapped in). Choosing randomly among the processes would diminish the probability to 80% (40/50). If that occurs, then obviously a process also need to be swapped out. Swapping in and out of is costly, and the scheduler would waste much of its time doing unneeded swaps.

That is where two-level scheduling enters the picture. It uses two different schedulers, one lower-level scheduler which can only select among those processes in memory to run. That scheduler could be a Round-robin scheduler. The other scheduler is the higher-level scheduler whose only concern is to swap in and swap out processes from memory. It does its scheduling much less often than the lower-level scheduler since swapping takes so much time. 

Thus, the higher-level scheduler selects among those processes in memory that have run for a long time and swaps them out. They are replaced with processes on disk that have not run for a long time. Exactly how it selects processes is up to the implementation of the higher-level scheduler. A compromise has to be made involving the following variables:

 Response time: A process should not be swapped out for too long. Then some other process (or the user) will have to wait needlessly long. If this variable is not considered resource starvation may occur and a process may not complete at all.
 Size of the process: Larger processes must be subject to fewer swaps than smaller ones because they take longer time to swap. Because they are larger, fewer processes can share the memory with the process.
 Priority: The higher the priority of the process, the longer it should stay in memory so that it completes faster.

References
 Tanenbaum, Albert Woodhull, Operating Systems: Design and Implementation, p.92

Processor scheduling algorithms
Capability. A capability is the ability to execute a specified course of action or to achieve a desired outcome.

Capability may also refer to:

Business, economics, science and engineering 
 Capability (systems engineering), the ability to execute a specified course of action
 Capability approach
 Capability-based security
 Capability management
 Capability management in business
 Capability Maturity Model Integration

Persons 
 Capability Brown (1716–1783), English landscape artist nicknamed "Capability"

See also
 Capability Scotland, a Scottish charity
 Capable (disambiguation)
Lyulka AL-21. The Lyulka AL-21 is an axial flow turbojet engine created by the Soviet Design Bureau named for its chief designer Arkhip Lyulka.

Design and development

The AL-21 is closely similar in technology to the General Electric J79 first flown in 1955, which was the first engine for supersonic flight, using a variable stator.

It is generally described as being in the "third generation" of Soviet gas turbine engines which are characterized by high thrust-to-weight ratios and the use of turbine air cooling.

The AL-21 entered service in the early 1960s. Later designed the AL-21F3, it was used in the Sukhoi Su-17, Sukhoi Su-24, Ground-attack variant Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23, and Sukhoi T-10 (Sukhoi Su-27 prototype).

Specifications (AL-21F3)

See also

References

External links

Page of the engine at Russian Aircraft Encyclopedia

AL-21
1960s turbojet engines
Pere Esteve. Pere Esteve i Abad (26 December 1942 – 10 June 2005) was a Catalan Spanish politician, belonging to the political organisation Catalunya 2003 (now dissolved), who became Deputy of Trade, Tourism and Consumer Affairs at the Catalan regional Government proposed by the Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) party, with which he ran to the autonomic elections of the 2003. He resigned in October 2004 for health reasons.

Life overview

Industrial Engineer by the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC). He taught Electronics and State Machines. He also has worked as director in the private sector, and has been an associated in industrial corporations and consulting services companies. He has written several papers and a book, named Estratègia per Catalunya.

Civic background

Between 1965 and 1968 he made up youth people associations as well as Christian movements. In 1974 he roled in the pre-political group Amics de Tiana (Friends of Tiana), where he left the following year.

He has been the President of the Associació d’Enginyers Industrial de Catalunya (Industrial Engineers Association of Catalonia), and founded and chaired ICT and ICICT.

Political background

He enrolled in Convergència Democràtica de Catalunya in 1976. He was town councillor in Tiana, CDC's National Consultant as well as Spokesperson and General Secretary of CDC (from 1996 to 2000). He also chaired the Fundació Ramon Trias Fargas (Ramon Trias Fargas Foundation). On 25 September 2002 he resigned all his offices and left CDC.

On 27 November 2003 he joined others to found the Associació Catalunya 2003 (Catalonia 2003 Association) and joined ERC.

Institutional background

His most relevant charges are:
 Town councillor in Tiana (1979–1985) by Convergence and Union (CiU).
 Deputy at the Catalan Parliament, and President of its Trade commission (1992–1995) by CiU.
 Deputy at the European Parliament (1999–2002) by CiU.
 He was elected deputy at the Catalan Parliament by the Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) party in the 2003 elections, he resigned to become Minister of the Catalan regional Government.

References

1942 births
2005 deaths
People from Maresme
Convergence and Union politicians
Members of the Parliament of Catalonia
Aerocar 2000. The Aerocar 2000 was a proposed flying car under development in the early 2000s in the United States. The Aerocar 2000 was designed by Ed Sweeney, who was inspired by Moulton Taylor's Aerocar of the 1950s (and is the owner of the only still-flying example of this vehicle).  The Aerocar 2000 consisted of a removable wings, tail, and powerplant "flight module" added to a modified Lotus Elise roadster.

Comparison to original Aerocar

In conception, this was far closer to the AVE Mizar of the early 1970s than to Taylor's designs, the vehicle portions of which were purpose-designed and built. Another difference with the original Aerocar (and similarity to the Mizar) is that the flight module is not designed to be taken away from the airfield. Finally, while the Aerocar used the one engine to drive both the road wheels and the propeller, the Aerocar 2000 (again like the Mizar) uses two separate engines. In the Aerocar 2000's case, the flight engine is a twin-turbocharged V-8 motor from a Lotus Esprit. A far lighter three-cylinder engine and gearbox from a Chevrolet Sprint is to be installed in the road module to power the vehicle on the ground.

Specifications (Aerocar 2000, as designed)

References

External links

Homebuilt aircraft
Roadable aircraft
Abandoned civil aircraft projects of the United States
High-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aerocar Aero-Plane. 

The Aerocar II Aero-Plane was an unusual light aircraft flown in the United States in 1964. It was developed from designer Moulton Taylor's Aerocar roadable aircraft, but could not be driven as a road vehicle. It used the wings and tail designed for the Aerocar, with a new fibreglass cabin. Excluding the parts needed for road operation allowed two more passengers to be carried. Only a single example was built.

Specifications (Aerocar Aero-Plane)

See also
Related development: 
Aerocar I
Aerocar III

References

External links
aerofiles.com

1960s United States civil utility aircraft
Aero-Plane
Aircraft first flown in 1964
High-wing aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Piezo. Piezo is derived from the Greek πιέζω, which means to squeeze or press, and may refer to:

 PIEZO1, a mechanosensitive ion protein
 Piezoelectric pickups for guitars and other musical instruments
 Piezoelectric sensor, a device that converts differences in physical force to generate voltage
 Piezoelectric speaker, a type of small loudspeaker
 Piezoelectricity, electrical charge built up in response to mechanical stress
 Piezometer, a device that measures the pressure of groundwater at a certain point
 Piezoresistive effect, a change in the electrical resistance of a material in response to mechanical stress
 Piezorina, a genus of South American bird
 Micro Piezo, a print head technology developed by Epson
 Piezo ignition, an ignition method based on the piezoelectric effect

See also
 
 
 Pez (disambiguation)
 Pie (disambiguation)
Overlay. Overlay may refer to:

Computers
Overlay network, a computer network which is built on top of another network
Video overlay, techniques to display video on computer display
Hardware overlay, one type of video overlay that uses memory dedicated to the application
Another term for exec, replacing one process by another
Overlay (programming), a technique to reduce the amount of memory used by a program
Overlay keyboard, a specialized keyboard with no pre-set keys
Keyboard overlay, a sheet of printed text sitting between the keys, depicting an alternate keyboard layout
Vector overlay, an analysis procedure in a geographic information system for integrating multiple data sets

Other uses
Overlay architecture, temporary elements that supplement existing buildings and infrastructure for major sporting events or festivals
Overlay control, in semiconductor manufacturing, for monitoring layer-to-layer alignment on multi-layer device structures 
Overlay plan, a method of introducing new area codes in telephony
Historic overlay district, a zoning district that applies special rules to a portion of other districts, usually for historic or conservation reasons
When the payoffs in gambling are greater than the costs; see Advantage gambling

See also

 Layover (disambiguation)
 Over (disambiguation)
 Lay (disambiguation)
 Overlap (disambiguation)
 Overload (disambiguation)
 Superposition (disambiguation)
Pave Tack. The Ford Aerospace AN/AVQ-26 Pave Tack is an electro-optical targeting pod for military attack aircraft. It uses a laser and a forward looking infrared to find and designate targets for laser-guided bombs and other precision-guided munitions. Pave Tack's images are routed to a cockpit display, usually for the weapon systems officer.

History
Pave Tack was developed in the late 1970s and entered service in 1982, and was initially used by the USAF McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II and General Dynamics F-111C Aardvark strike aircraft. Its combat debut came in 1986 during Operation El Dorado Canyon's air raid against Libya by F-111F aircraft stationed at RAF Lakenheath, England. F-111s used it to great effect in the Gulf War of 1991, both against fixed targets and against tanks.

F-4 crews called Pave Tack "Pave Drag" because it was carried externally. Pave Tack is a large installation, with the pod alone weighing some 1,385 lb (629 kg) and measuring 166 inches (4,220 mm) in length. On the F-4, the size of the pod meant that it had to be carried on the centerline station in place of the standard drop tank; it imposed a substantial aerodynamic drag penalty and was generally unpopular. The F-111C and F-111F carried the Pave Tack pod on a rotating carriage in its internal bomb bay, retracting it when not in use to reduce drag and protect the sensors from damage.

About 150 AVQ-26 pods were built, substantially fewer than originally planned. The last USAF Pave Tacks were withdrawn with the retirement of the F-111 in 1996.

The Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) purchased ten Pave Tack pods in 1980 for its F-111 fleet. All 24 F-111Cs were wired for the pod, although there were not enough pods for all to be simultaneously equipped. Following the retirement of the USAF's F-111F in 1996 the RAAF purchased surplus pods to equip each of its F-111Cs to carry its own.

The Republic of Korea Air Force (RoKAF) ordered an initial batch of eight pods in 1984 for delivery in 1987. It may have subsequently obtained additional pods from USAF surplus. The RoKAF uses the pods on its F-4 Phantoms.

See also

 Pave Penny
 Pave Knife
 Pave Spike
 LANTIRN
 List of military electronics of the United States

References

External links
Ford Aerospace AN/AVQ-26 Pave Tack on APA

Targeting pods
Equipment of the United States Air Force
Military electronics of the United States
Military equipment introduced in the 1980s
AN/ASQ-228 ATFLIR. The AN/ASQ-228 Advanced Targeting Forward-Looking Infrared (ATFLIR) is a multi-sensor, electro-optical targeting pod incorporating thermographic camera, low-light television camera, target laser rangefinder/laser designator, and laser spot tracker  developed and manufactured by Raytheon. It is used to provide navigation and targeting for military aircraft in adverse weather and using precision-guided munitions such as laser-guided bombs. It is intended to replace the earlier AN/AAS-38 Nite Hawk pod in US Navy service.

ATFLIR is 72 in (183 cm) long, weighs 420 lb (191 kg), and has a slant range of 40 mi (64.3 km), said to be useful at altitude of up to 50,000 ft (15,240 m). It has fewer parts than many previous systems, which is intended to improve serviceability (although early examples, in service with VFA-115 'Eagles' in 2003 experienced problems). Crews indicate that it offers much greater target resolution and image accuracy than previous systems.

ATFLIR presently is used by the US Navy on the Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet and the earlier F/A-18C/D and with Marine Corps F/A-18Cs when deployed onboard aircraft carriers. It is normally carried on one of the fuselage hardpoints otherwise used for AIM-120 AMRAAM missiles. 410 pods were delivered to the U.S. Navy.  Pods have also been delivered to Switzerland and Australia (for its EA-18G Growler fleet), and six pods will be delivered to Malaysia.

The US Navy is considering options to either improve or replace ATFLIR because of current hardware readiness state and sustainment costs.

References

See Also

List of military electronics of the United States

External links 
 Raytheon ATFLIR web page (archived)

Raytheon Company products
Targeting pods
Military electronics of the United States
Military equipment introduced in the 2000s
Elkem. Elkem is a company that produces silicones, silicon, alloys for the foundry industry, carbon and microsilica, and other materials. Elkem was founded in 1904, has more than 7,000 employees and fields 30 production sites worldwide. Elkem has an operating income of NOK 33.7 billion. Elkem is responsible for a total of 2.52 million tonnes of scope 1 emissions in 2021. Elkem is listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange (ticker: ELK).

Elkem manufactures silicone and carbon products.

History
Elkem was founded in 1904 by the industrial entrepreneur Sam Eyde  (1866 – 1940).  In 1917 a ferroalloy plant was acquired and Elkem started production of the Söderberg electrode.

In 1972 the company merged with Christiania Spigerverk. In 1981-84 Elkem acquired Union Carbides plants in Norway and North America and in 1986 the plants at Thamshavn and Bjølvefossen. In the 2000s Elkem had acquired Icelandic Alloy, Remi Claeys Aluminium and Sapa.

In January 2011 Elkem was sold to China National Bluestar Group.

As of 31.12.2021, the China National BlueStar-controlled company Bluestar Elkem Int.Co.LTD S.A is Elkem's largest shareholder, with 52.91% of the shares, ahead of Folketrygdfondet (4.59%) and Alfred Berg Kapitalforvaltning (3.51%)

See also
 Elkem Thamshavn

References 

Chemical companies established in 1904
1904 establishments in Norway
Meråker
Orkla ASA
Silicon wafer producers
Aluminium companies of Norway
ChemChina
Companies listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange
Norwegian brands
Routing (disambiguation). Routing is the process of path selection in a network, such as a computer network or transportation network.

Routing may also refer to:

 Route of administration, the path by which a drug, fluid, poison or other substance is brought into contact with the body
 Hollowing out an area of wood or plastic using a router (woodworking)
 National Routeing Guide, a guide to trains over the United Kingdom's rail network 
 Routing (hydrology), a technique used to predict the changes in shape of a hydrograph 
 ABA routing transit number, a bank code used in the United States
 Routing number (Canada)
 Weather routing

In electronics and computer technologies:
 Routing (electronic design automation), a step in the design of printed circuit boards and integrated circuits 
 The packet forwarding algorithm in a computer network
 The role of a router hardware in a computer network

See also 
 Forwarding (disambiguation)
 Route (disambiguation)
 Router (disambiguation)
 Rout
 Vehicle routing problem