omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Shaldag-class patrol boat. The Shaldag-class patrol boat (, Kingfisher) is a small but fast class of patrol boats developed for the Israeli Navy and launched in 1989, it has since seen service with several other navies. 

It is designed for security tasks where high intercept speeds are required, such as interdiction of terrorism and illegal smuggling. Its salient features are high speed in rough seas, with good seakeeping and outstanding manoeuvrability, exceptionally low slamming in all sea states, dry decks at all speeds and very spacious and accessible internal arrangement.

History
The Shaldag class was conceptualized by Israel Shipyards in response to request from the Israeli Navy for a fast patrol boat to protect Israeli waters from terrorist threats.

Design and construction

The hull, deck and deckhouse are of welded marine aluminium alloy, with transverse frames and longitudinals. Integral double bottom tanks contain fuel with an additional gravity fuel tank at the center. The hull is divided into six watertight compartments which meet strict international flooded damage stability criteria.

Armament
The vessels are armed with a Typhoon Weapon Station, mounting a Bushmaster M242 and electro-optics systems. They are equipped with foredeck and aftdeck rings for Oerlikon 20 mm cannon and a single gun mount. There are mounts for 0.5-inch machine guns on both sides of the main deck. The boat is able to accommodate most advanced new weapon systems, such as the rapid-fire stabilized gun mount, remotely controlled by a night vision system.

The Shaldag Mark II variants are equipped with Spike ER surface to surface missiles.

Operators

Military operators
 : Operated by Equatorial Guinean Navy.
 : Operated by Israeli Navy.
 : Operated by the Nigerian Navy.
 : Operated by the Philippine Navy. Known locally as the Nestor Acero-class Fast Attack Interdiction Crafts.
 : Purchased for the Senegalese Navy.
 : 7 used by the Sri Lankan Navy.

Law enforcement agencies
 : Used by Argentine Naval Prefecture. 4 Shaldag Mk IIs.
: Purchased for the State Border Service (Azerbaijan).
 : Used by Cyprus Port and Marine Police.
 : Three Shaldag Mk IVs with Romanian Border Police.

Potential civilian operators
 : The Philippine Coast Guard has considered the use of the Shaldag Mk II.

Subclasses

References

Patrol boat classes
Naval ships of Israel
CPM-GOMS. CPM-GOMS is a variation of the GOMS technique in human computer interaction.  CPM-GOMS stands for two things:  Cognitive Perceptual Motor and the project planning technique Critical Path Method (from which it borrows some elements).

Overview

CPM-GOMS was developed in 1988 by Bonnie John, a former student of Allen Newell.  Unlike the other GOMS variations, CPM-GOMS does not assume that the user's interaction is a serial process, and hence can model multitasking behavior that can be exhibited by experienced users.  The technique is also based directly on the model human processor - a simplified model of human responses.

Evaluators begin a CPM-GOMS analysis in the same way they would a CMN-GOMS analysis.  However, when the tasks are broken down just to the level where they are still perceptual or motor, the evaluator applies techniques from the model human processor.  The tasks are first joined together serially and then examined to see which actions can be overlapped so that they happen in parallel.  This technique facilitates representation of overlapping and very efficient "chunks" of activity characteristic of expert users.  The estimated times by CPM-GOMS are generally faster since they do not allocate as much time to the "prepare for action"  type operations.

This is the most difficult GOMS technique to implement.  Therefore, it has the problem of discrepancies between evaluators.  Research is currently being conducted to improve the CPM-GOMS technique so that it can be used without the evaluator having a high level understanding of the GOMS theoretical foundations.

Software
Cogulator, an open source software package, can be used to build CPM-GOMS models

See also 
 Human information processor model
 KLM-GOMS
 NGOMSL
 CMN-GOMS

References

Notations
This article incorporates text from Dr. G. Abowd: GOMS Analysis Techniques - Final Essay, which has been released into GFDL by its author (see ).

Footnotes

Human–computer interaction
European Space Information System. The European Space Information System (ESIS) project was initiated in 1988 as a service for homogeneous access to heterogeneous databases on the network. At the time, DECNET, EARN and Bitnet were the main academic links. The project pre-dated the World Wide Web, which immensely pushed technology in 1993 to allow homogeneous access to data.

Initially, the ESIS project was to link databases of the European Space Agency together with centres of excellence that included the Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg and its SIMBAD service, the European Southern Observatory and the Canadian Astronomical Data Centre (CADC), as well as the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory for Space Physics data 

The outcome of the project yielded a set of applications to browse catalogues, access images, spectra and lightcurves, as well as access to bibliographic information. The main astronomical missions that influenced ESIS at the time were the Hubble Space Telescope, EXOSAT and IUE, while Space Physics was mainly focused on the Cluster mission. 

Having been a pioneer project in its days, many of the original concepts used then (such as catalogue browsing, searching in an area of the sky) were later embedded in other astronomical data services worldwide. ESIS provided the building blocks and the prototypes to what is today being implemented in the Virtual Observatory projects, such as the Astrophysical Virtual Observatory.

The greatest success of ESIS was the transfer of its Catalogue Browser to the CDS, which later became better known as the VizieR Catalogue Service.

In recent years, the ESIS concept, which was decades ahead of its time, is reflected in the ESA Sky tool  encompassing over 75 space missions and multiple data archives giving a unified access to multiple wavelength astronomy data. Also, TOPCAT, a specialised Astronomical tool for the scientific community is one of the many providing uniform access to data from data archives worldwide.

See also 
 VizieR
 Astrophysical Virtual Observatory
 ESA
 ESASky

References 

Computer-related introductions in 1988
Astronomical catalogues
Computational astronomy
Information technology organizations based in Europe
Thor-Burner. The Thor-Burner was an American expendable launch system, a member of the Thor rocket family. It consisted of a Thor missile, with one or two Burner upper stages. It was used between 1965 and 1976 to orbit a number of satellites, most commonly Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) weather satellites.  Twenty-four were launched, of which two failed. It weighed 51,810 kg  and was 24 metres tall.

Variants 
There are many Thor-Burner variations, according to the type of upper stages used:

Burner-1 
The first two flights used a solid fuel MG-18 as second stage (Thor-LV2D Burner-1 (MG-18)).

After that an Altair rocket stage (same as the third stage of some Vanguard launch vehicles) was used, equipped by Boeing with 3-axis control (Thor-LV2D Burner-1 (Altair-3)).

These combinations were used for six vehicles. The first was launched on 1965-01-18 and the sixth on 1966-03-30. These were early launches of classified DMSP satellites. Two of these launches failed.

Burner-2 
The Burner 2 used with the Thor-Burner was the first solid fuel upper-stage vehicle used for general space applications that had full control and guidance capability. The first Burner-2 flight was on 1966-09-16.

On February 19, 1976, the attempted launch of a DMSP satellite from Vandenberg's SLC-10W went awry when SECO occurred 5 seconds early. Although the second stage separated and fired properly, the satellite was left in an unusable orbit from which it decayed only one hour after launch. Investigation into the mishap found that the Thor had been loaded an insufficient amount of RJ-1 (a higher grade of kerosene fuel that offered enhanced performance over standard RP-1) for the mission. The amount of LOX on Thor boosters was always the same on every launch, but the amount of kerosene could vary depending on the engine, as different LR-79 engines had slightly different performance levels, and so factory acceptance data was used to determine the fuel load needed for a particular unit. The particular engine used in Thor 182 had thus been loaded with kerosene according to the data sheet provided by Rocketdyne, however the information contained a typo which led to ground crews loading too little propellant for it. However, the postflight investigation also found that, even if the correct propellant load had been carried, the mission would have still failed because the Thor did not have sufficient performance to loft the DMSP into the required orbit. As the DMSP program evolved, the satellites gradually became heavier and more complex. Program planners, aware of this, selected an LR-79 engine which had particularly high performance, but it still turned out to not be enough for the mission. The failure was thus ultimately attributed to poor mission planning.

Launches 
There were twenty six Thor-Burner launches from Vandenberg AFB:

References 

Thor (rocket family)
Service Labor Time Standards. Service Labor Time Standards (SLTS) are used by automotive manufacturers to determine the time required to repair a particular malfunctioning part on one of their automobiles.

The SLTS is the benchmark for other aftermarket repair facilities to determine how much to charge customers when they have their vehicle repaired. These times were all in theory determined by actual disassembly and reassembly of the affected part(s). Using several workers, disassembly and reassembly times were taken, and an average was established. Times for retrieving the automobile, diagnosing the concern, retrieving the part(s) from the parts department, and a test drive if necessary were included to fully establish the SLTS. An experienced automotive technician could repair a vehicle faster than a technician that has minimal experience and must consult with the manual to properly diagnose and repair the same concern.

References
http://edidist-public.sharepoint.com/SiteAssets/service-documents/1030050%20-%20SERVICE%20LABOR%20TIME%20STANDARDS%20Rev0.pdf

Motor vehicle maintenance
Open Systems Adapter. The Open Systems Adapter (OSA) is a network controller for IBM z/Architecture, ES/9000 and S/390 mainframes. The OSA can be installed in a mainframe I/O cage. The OSA supports Ethernet, Token Ring and FDDI connectivity. The maximum data rate is 10 Gbps.

References

External links 
 Networking on z/OS

Networking hardware
IBM System/360 mainframe line
SpursEngine. SpursEngine is a microprocessor from Toshiba built as a media oriented coprocessor, designed for 3D- and video processing in consumer electronics such as set-top boxes and computers. The SpursEngine processor is also known as the Quad Core HD processor. Announced 20 September 2007.

The SpursEngine is a stream processor powered by four Synergistic Processing Elements (SPE), also used in the Cell processor featured in Sony PlayStation 3. These processing elements are fed by on chip H.264 and MPEG-2 codecs and controlled by an off die host CPU, connected by an on chip PCIe controller (in contrast to the Cell processor which has an on chip CPU (the  PPE) doing similar work). To enable smoother interaction between the host and the SpursEngine Toshiba also integrated a simple proprietary 32-bit control core. The SpursEngine employs dedicated XDR DRAM as its working memory.

The SpursEngine is designed to work at much lower frequencies than the Cell and Toshiba has also optimized the circuit layout of the SPEs to reduce the size by 30%. The resulting chip consumes 10-20 W of power.

The SpursEngine is accessible to the developer from a device driver developed for Windows and Linux systems.  Software supporting the SpursEngine is limited and is primarily in the realm of video editing and encoding.

Technical specification 

The first generation of SpursEngine processors are specified as follows:
 Built with a 65 nm bulk CMOS fabrication process with 7 layers of copper interconnect
 9.98 mm × 10.31 mm (102.89 mm²) large die
 239.1 million transistors (Logic: 134 M, SRAM:104.8 M)
 Thermal design power: <20 W
 Max frequency: 1.5 GHz
 Packaged in a 624 pin FC-BGA (Flip Chip-Ball Grid Array)
 48GFLOPS peak performance (12GFLOPS per SPU @ 1.5GHz)

Commercialization 
In April 2008 Toshiba shipped samples of the SpursEngine SE1000 device, a PCIe-based reference board.
 The accelerator card connects to a 1x PCI Express bus and has 128MB XDR DRAM with 12.8GB/s bandwidth.
 Leadtek is producing the WinFast PxVC1100 and HPVC1100, internal and external PCIe accelerators based on the SE1000 platform.
 Thomson-Canopus has announced the Firecoder Blu, a PCIe accelerator based on the SE1000 platform.

Toshiba included the SpursEngine processors in their Qosmio laptops, models F50, G50 and G55, in the third quarter of 2008.

See also 
 Cell (microprocessor)

References

External links 
 Toshiba's Demos SpursEngine-Equipped Qosmio, Uses Cell Broadband Engine Technology, Gizmodo.com
 Cell Users Group - SpursEngine
 Cell-based GPU zaps laptop batteries, admits Toshiba – The Register

Cell BE architecture
Coprocessors
Toshiba
Super Dvora Mk II-class patrol boat. The Super Dvora Mark II-class patrol boats is a high-speed class of patrol boats meant for a variety of naval missions from typical off-shore coastal patrol mission profiles to high-speed, high-maneuver littoral warfare. Built by Israel Aerospace Industries for the Israeli Sea Corps, the Super Dvora Mark II is the successor to the s. The Super Dvora Mark IIs have been employed by the Sri Lanka Navy to counter LTTE operations at sea.

Design and construction 
 in length, the Super Dvora II has a marine aluminum alloy planing hull in order to maintaining high standards of sea-keeping, maneuverability and static/dynamic intact/damaged stability in adverse environments.

Armament 
Originally the main armament of the Super Dvora Mark II design was the Oerlikon 20 mm cannon which were manually operated. At present all Super Dvora Mark II types have been modified to allow for the installation of Typhoon 25-30 mm stabilized cannon which can be slaved to state-of the art mast-mounted, day/night, long-range electro-optic systems. In addition to its main armament, Super Dvora Mark IIs carry heavy or light machine guns, depending on the operational requirements.

Sri Lankan Navy Super Dvora Mark IIs carry additional weapon systems such as Automatic Grenade Launchers, GPMGs & HMGs.

Operators 

Eritrean Navy (6) 

 Indian Navy (6 ships in service)

 Israeli Navy (2 with 2 retired)

Slovenian Navy (1, named Ankaran)

 Sri Lanka Navy (4 with 1 sunk)

References

External links 
www.israeli-weapons.com 
Super Dvora II bharat-rakshak.com

Patrol boat classes
Naval ships of Israel
Fast attack craft of the Sri Lanka Navy
Naval ships of India
Dvora-class fast patrol boat. The Dvora-class fast patrol boat is a fast class of patrol boats built by Israel Aerospace Industries for the Israeli Sea Corps based on the Israeli .

Operational history

Sri Lanka 
The Dvora class has become the work horse of the Sri Lanka Navy which has deployed it since the mid-1980s to counter LTTE operations at sea. Since then Dvoras have been made in Sri Lanka and has been the basis for the more advanced Colombo class fast patrol boat built by the Colombo Dockyard Limited and used by South Asian navies to counter terrorism. According to former Mossad officer Victor Ostrovsky, Amy Yaar, another Mossad operative, helped supply the Sri Lankan government with Dvoras to patrol its coasts from attack by the LTTE. Simultaneously, Yaar and her associates were supplying the Tamils with anti-PT boat equipment to use in fighting the government forces. Ostrovsky also alleged that Mossad helped the Sri Lankan government pay for the boats by cheating the World Bank and other investors out of millions of dollars.

Taiwan 
The Republic of China Navy uses Dvoras as Fast Attack Missile Craft, purchasing two and using them as a pattern for the almost-identical, locally-built Hai Ou-class missile boats (Hai Ou class has three propeller shafts whereas Dvora class has two), 50 built. Both classes, being an anti-ship asset, are armed with additional two Hsiung Feng I anti-ship missiles and have been in ROCN service for over 20 years.

Operators 

 Israeli Sea Corps - 9 (Initially 10 were in service, 1 decommissioned after collision with a rocky shoal)

 Sri Lanka Navy - 4 (2 acquired in 1984 and 4 in 1986; 3 sunk in 1993, 1995 and 1996). 

 Republic of China Navy - 2 original Dvora acquired in the 1980s and 48 local variant version Hai Ou-class (Seagull), retired beginning in 1999 to 2012 (replaced by 30 Kuang Hua VI-class missile boats); originally 26 with 6 gifted to Gambia and Paraguay.
 
 Four units (ex-ROCN/Taiwan Navy FABG-7, FABG-11, FABG-29 and FABG-32) received from Taiwan in 2009 as patrol gunboats. All 4 were originally slated for Republic of Malawi in 2008.
 
 Two units (ex-ROCN/Taiwan Navy FABG-1 and FABG-2) received from Taiwan in 1994 as patrol gunboats.

References

External links 
www.israeli-weapons.com 
Hai Ou-class [Dvora] Fast Attack Missile Craft, globalsecurity.org

Patrol boat classes
Naval ships of Israel
Fast attack craft of the Sri Lanka Navy
Missile boats of the Republic of China Navy
Ships built in the Republic of China
Ships built in Israel
ASP, Inc.. Armament Systems and Procedures, Inc. (ASP, Inc.) is a US-based manufacture of compliance equipment used by law enforcement and private security companies. It is best known for its ASP telescoping batons.

History 
ASP was founded in 1976.  Agencies such as the US Secret Service began using ASP batons as an intermediate non-lethal weapon. In 1987, the company launched the ASP training division with the inaugural Tactical Baton Seminar, held in Atlantic City. In 1995, the company entered the pepper spray business with the introduction of the Defender. In 1996, it entered the police flashlight business. In 2004, it began designing  and engineering restraints.

Products

ASP telescopic baton

ASP manufactures telescopic batons. ASP batons have been adopted by law enforcement agencies in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, New Zealand and Australia, and expandable batons are sometimes referred to as "Asps".

ASP batons are friction-lock in design, and are opened by swinging the handle forcibly through the air.  To close this type, the baton's tip is driven into a hard surface to break the friction.  The friction-lock Airweight series (P12 and P16), for plainclothed concealment, was released in 2012.

Other products

The company produces restraints such as handcuffs and plastic ties, 19 different types of flashlights, and other weapons accessories.

References

Companies based in Wisconsin
Manufacturing companies established in 1976
Weapons manufacturing companies
1976 establishments in Wisconsin
Johns Hopkins Beast. The Johns Hopkins Beast was a mobile automaton, an early pre-robot, built in the 1960s at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. The machine had a rudimentary intelligence and the ability to survive on its own. As it wandered through the white halls of the laboratory, it would seek black wall outlets. When it found one it would plug in and recharge.

The robot was cybernetic. It did not use a computer. Its control circuitry consisted of dozens of transistors controlling analog voltages. It used photocell optics and sonar to navigate. The 2N404 transistors were used to create NOR logic gates that implemented the Boolean logic to tell it what to do when a specific sensor was activated. The 2N404 transistors were also used to create timing gates to tell it how long to do something. 2N1040 Power transistors were used to control the power to the motion treads, the boom, and the charging mechanism.

The original sensors in Mod I were physical touch only.  The wall socket was detected by physical switches on the arm that followed the wall.  Once detected, two electrical prongs were extended until they entered the wall socket and made the electrical connection to charge the vehicle.  The stairway, doors, and pipes on the hall wall were also detected by physical switches and recognized by appropriate logic.

The sonar guidance system was developed for Mod I and improved for Mod II. It used two ultrasonic transducers to determine distance, location within the halls, and obstructions in its path. This provided "The Beast" with bat-like guidance.  At this point, it could detect obstructions in the hallway, such as people.  Once an obstruction was detected, the Beast would slow down and then decide whether to stop or divert around the obstruction.  It could also ultrasonically recognize the stairway and doorways to take appropriate action.

An optical guidance system was added to Mod II.  This provided, among other capabilities, the ability to optically identify the black wall sockets that contrasted with the white wall.

The Hopkins Beast Autonomous Robot Mod II link below was written by Dr. Ronald McConnell, at that time a co-op student and one of the designers for Mod II.

References

External links 
 1960: The Hopkins Beast
 1962-5 – Hopkins Beast Autonomous Robot Mod II
 APL Flashback: 1964 - "Ferdinand" the Mobile Automaton
 APL Flashback: 1965 - The "Hopkins Beast" Mobile Automaton

Historical robots
Cybernetics
History of artificial intelligence
Beast
1960s robots
Robots of the United States
Rolling robots
Federal Networking Council. Informally established in the early 1990s, the Federal Networking Council (FNC) was later chartered by the US National Science and Technology Council's Committee on Computing, Information and Communications (CCIC) to continue to act as a forum for networking collaborations among US federal agencies to meet their research, education, and operational mission goals and to bridge the gap between the advanced networking technologies being developed by research FNC agencies and the ultimate acquisition of mature version of these technologies from the commercial sector.  The FNC consisted of a group made up of representatives from the United States Department of Defense (DoD), the National Science Foundation, the Department of Energy, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), among others.

By October 1997, the FNC advisory committee was de-chartered and many of the FNC activities were transferred to the Large Scale Networking group of the Computing, Information, and Communications (CIC) R&D subcommittee of the Networking and Information Technology Research and Development program, or the Applications Council.

On October 24, 1995, the Federal Networking Council passed a resolution defining the term Internet:

Resolution: The Federal Networking Council (FNC) agrees that the following language reflects our definition of the term Internet. Internet refers to the global information system that – (i) is logically linked together by a globally unique address space based on the Internet Protocol (IP) or its subsequent extensions/follow-ons; (ii) is able to support communications using the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite or its subsequent extensions/follow-ons, and/or other IP-compatible protocols; and (iii) provides, uses or makes accessible, either publicly or privately, high level services layered on the communications and related infrastructure described herein.'

Some notable members of the council advisory committee included: Henriette Avram, Matt Blaze, Vint Cerf, John Gage, Robert Kahn, Paul Mockapetris, Ike Nassi,  Stewart Personick and Stephen Wolff.

References

Computer networking