omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
DPU. DPU may refer to:

Universities 
 Dalian Polytechnic University, in Liaoning, China
 Danube Private University, in Krems an der Donau, Austria
 DePaul University, in Chicago, Illinois
 DePauw University, in Greencastle, Indiana
 Dhurakij Pundit University, in Bangkok, Thailand
 Dumlupınar University, in Turkey

Other uses
 Data processing unit, a type of specialized computer hardware
 Delayed pressure urticaria
 Depleted uranium
 Dinosaur Pile-Up, an English alternative rock band
 1,3-Diphenylurea, a type of plant hormone
 Distributed power unit, in rail transport
 Massachusetts Department of Public Utilities
 Delivered at place unloaded, an international trade term
 Diphu railway station, a train station in Diphu, Assam, India
X51. X51 or X-51 may refer to:

 Boeing X-51, a scramjet-waverider from the Air Force Research Laboratory
 X-51 (Deus Ex), a fictional organization in the video game Deus Ex
 X-51 (Machine Man), a fictional character in the Marvel Comics Universe
 X51 (New York City bus), express bus route in New York City
 Axim X51, PDA made by Dell
 X51 FAA LID for Homestead General Aviation Airport in Florida
Rubidium nitrate. Rubidium nitrate is an inorganic compound with the formula RbNO3.  This alkali metal nitrate salt is white and highly soluble in water.

Properties

Rubidium nitrate is a white crystalline powder that is highly soluble in water and very slightly soluble in acetone.  In a flame test, RbNO3 gives a mauve/light purple colour.

Uses
Rubidium compounds have very few applications. Like caesium nitrate, it is used in infrared radiation optics, in pyrotechnic compositions as a pyrotechnic colorant and as an oxidizer, e.g. in decoys and illumination flares although it is rarely used in fireworks to produce a red-violet colour. It is also used as a raw material for preparation of other rubidium compounds and rubidium metal, for manufacture of catalysts and in scintillation counters.

Production
RbNO3 can be prepared either by dissolving rubidium metal, its hydroxide or carbonate in nitric acid.

References

Rubidium compounds
Nitrates
Pyrotechnic oxidizers
Pyrotechnic colorants
Nonlinear junction detector. The non-linear junction detector, or an NLJD, is a device that illuminates a small region of space with high-frequency RF energy.  Any "non linear junction" in the vicinity—for example, and particularly, the p–n junction—will receive this energy, and because of the asymmetric response of the junction to an electric field, it will mangle it, re-emitting some of it on multiples of the illumination frequency (see harmonic).  The detector has a sensitive receiver tuned to these harmonics, as well as appropriate processing and displays to make their presence known to the user of the device.
Because the basis of almost all semiconductor electronics is the p-n junction, an NLJD is correspondingly capable of detecting almost any unshielded electronic device containing semiconductors, whether the electronics are actively powered or not.

In its basic form, an NLJD can also detect things that are not themselves electronic in nature, so the use of the device requires a modicum of skill and experience. For example, a rusty nail inside a wall can give a false positive. For this reason, most modern NLJDs examine the ratio between the second and the third harmonic of the illumination frequency. When a true (electronic) p-n junction is encountered, the second harmonic will generally be stronger than the third.

History

The NLJD was invented by Charles Bovill during WWII. It was initially used to discover corrosion below painted surfaces on airplanes. In 1972, shortly after Bovill had become technical director at Allen International Ltd. (Westminster, London, UK), the device was renamed 'Broom' and was introduced as a device for finding inactive covert listening devices (bugs). The Broom was later marketed by Audiotel in Corby (UK) as the Scanlock Broom, and was succeeded by the Scanlock Broom ECM and later the Scanlock Super Broom.

Similar devices are available from manufacturers in the US (e.g. Orion) and Russia.

Countermeasures 
As a countermeasure against an NLJD, professional covert listening devices (bugs) of the Central Intelligence Agency were equipped from 1968 onwards with a so-called isolator. An isolator is a 3-port circulator of which the return port is terminated with a resistor. Any energy injected into the bug by an NLJD will be absorbed by the resistor, resulting in no (or very little) reflected energy. An example of such a bug is the CIA's SRT-107.

A means to hinder isolating a non linear junction is to add inexpensive diodes to places where the NLJD is expected to sweep. This masks the true listening device against a field of false alerts when the many diodes are detected. Such a technique was used in the 1980s construction of the U.S. embassy in Moscow. Thousands of diodes were mixed by the Soviets into the building's structural concrete, making detection and removal of the true listening devices by its American occupants nearly impossible.

See also
 Covert listening device

References

External links
 Non-Linear Junction Detector Review and Tutorial
 GBPPR Non-Linear Junction Detector Homebrew non-linear junction detector project.

Detectors
Aggregated diamond nanorod. Aggregated diamond nanorods, or ADNRs, are a nanocrystalline form of diamond, also known as nanodiamond or hyperdiamond.

Discovery 

Nanodiamond or hyperdiamond was produced by compression of graphite in 2003 by a group of researchers in Japan and in the same work, published in Nature, it was shown to be much harder than bulk diamond. Later, it was also produced by compression of fullerene and confirmed to be the hardest and least compressible known material, with an isothermal bulk modulus of 491 gigapascals (GPa), while a conventional diamond has a modulus of 442–446 GPa; these results were inferred from X-ray diffraction data, which also indicated that ADNRs are 0.3% denser than regular diamond. The same group later described ADNRs as "having a hardness and Young's modulus comparable to that of natural diamond, but with 'superior wear resistance'".

Hardness 
A <111> surface (normal to the largest diagonal of a cube) of pure diamond has a hardness value of 167±6 GPa when scratched with a nanodiamond tip, while the nanodiamond sample itself has a value of 310 GPa when tested with a nanodiamond tip. However, the test only works properly with a tip made of harder material than the sample being tested due to cracking. This means that the true value for nanodiamond is likely lower than 310 GPa. Due to its hardness, a hyperdiamond could possibly exceed 10 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness.

Synthesis 
ADNRs (hyperdiamonds/nanodiamonds) are produced by compressing fullerite powder—a solid form of allotropic carbon fullerene—by either of two somewhat similar methods. One uses a diamond anvil cell and applied pressure ~37 GPa without heating the cell. In another method, fullerite is compressed to lower pressures (2–20 GPa) and then heated to a temperature in the range of . Extreme hardness of what now appears likely to have been nanodiamonds was reported by researchers in the 1990s. The material is a series of interconnected diamond nanorods, with diameters of between 5 and 20 nanometres and lengths of around 1 micrometre each.

Nanodiamond aggregates ca. 1 mm in size also form in nature, from graphite upon meteoritic impact, such as that of the Popigai impact structure in Siberia, Russia.

See also

References

External links

The invention of aggregated diamond nanorods at Physorg.com

Nanomaterials
Allotropes of carbon
Superhard materials
Leakage. A leakage occurs when fluid is lost through a leak.

Leakage may also refer to:

 Leakage (chemistry), a process in which material is lost through holes or defects in containers
 Leakage (economics)
 Carbon leakage or emissions leakage, whereby another country increases its greenhouse gas emissions in response to a unilateral climate policy
 Leakage (electronics)
 Leakage (electric current), an occurrence of electric current through a surface which is supposed to be insulating 
 Crosstalk (electronics), also known as Leakage, where signals are picked up by an unintended device
 Spill (audio), where audio from one source is picked up by a microphone intended for a different source
 Leakage (machine learning)
 Leakage (retail)
 Leakage effect, the loss of tourist revenue from a country
 Memory leak, in computer science
 Spectral leakage, in signal processing

Similar uses
 Extravasation
 Fecal incontinence
 Urinary incontinence

See also
 Leak (disambiguation)

ja:リーク電流
Stoke railway works. Stoke railway works was set up in 1864 by the North Staffordshire Railway in the city of Stoke-on-Trent in the county of Staffordshire, England.

The railway's first engines were supplied by a variety of outside manufacturers: Robert Stephenson and Company,  Vulcan Foundry, Hudswell Clarke, Kitson and Company, Neilson and Company, as well as Sharp Brothers and Company who supplied six, including "Dragon" which opened the line in 1848. These were of the class known as "Little Sharpes".

By 1864, the railway owned 64 locomotives. In 1868 the works was ready to build new machines, producing three 0-6-0 tank locomotives similar to a Hudswell Clarke design. 

New building finished when the LMS took over, and it closed in 1927, with the work transferring to Crewe.

The site and almost all of the old building now makes up Hyde Park Industrial Estate

References
 

1864 establishments in England
1927 disestablishments in England
Buildings and structures in Stoke-on-Trent
North Staffordshire Railway
Rail transport in Staffordshire
Rail transport in Stoke-on-Trent
Railway workshops in Great Britain
Malnad College of Engineering. Malnad College of Engineering (MCE) is an engineering college located in Hassan, Karnataka, India. It was established in 1960, during the second 5 year plan of India, as a joint venture between the Government of India, Government of Karnataka and the Malnad Technical Education Society, Hassan. The institution is affiliated with the Visvesvaraya Technological University in Belgaum.

The college is built on a campus of about  and is a technical education center.

The college was affiliated to the University of Mysore but changed affiliation to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum.  In 2007 the college became autonomous.

Notable alumni

 Job Kurian, Singer
 Charan Raj, 2006, Music Director and Composer
 Javagal Srinath, Former Indian Cricketer
 Sudhir Shivaram, 1993, Indian wildlife photographer and entrepreneur

References

Affiliates of Visvesvaraya Technological University
Engineering colleges in Karnataka
Academic institutions formerly affiliated with the University of Mysore
Universities and colleges in Hassan district
1963 establishments in Mysore State
Educational institutions established in 1963
EIAJ connector. The EIAJ connector type, more formally known as EIAJ RC-5320A, is a type of coaxial power connector or jack for small appliances.

Features

The entire series of connectors has a built-in retention feature. On types 1, 2, and 3 this involves a bevel on the barrel near the tip, while on types 4 and 5 the tip of the insulator ring has a larger diameter than the metal barrel.

Types

The design philosophy is that higher voltages should be supplied via larger plugs to prevent equipment damage.  A larger plug will not go into a smaller jack.

History

This standard was originally created in 1992 as EIAJ RC-6705, updated in 1997, and updated again in 2005.

The Electronic Industries Association of Japan (EIAJ) and the Japan Electronic Industries Development Association have merged to form the Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association (JEITA), an electronics and IT industry trade organization.

ET-2502A
The use of these connectors on equipment is defined in JEITA ET-2502A. For instance, this document describes the interface between a car cigarette plug or RC-5321 plug and the powered device, the polarity symbol used (JEITA CP-1104A),

EIAJ RC-5321
This is a unique-looking barrel connector, apparently intended for providing a DC output jack (most DC jacks are used for power input).

Possibly available in multiple voltage ranges, the one for voltage classification 2 (3.15 to 6.3 V) has an outside diameter of 4.75 mm and a protruding pin of 2.5 mm diameter.

Previously known as EIAJ RCX-5321.

EIAJ RC-5322
According to Hosiden, this is a 12V/24V barrel connector designed for electronic equipment used in cars. The outside diameter is 6.5mm. 

Previously known as EIAJ RCX-5322.

Companies that use this standard
 Sony - Japan
 Pioneer - Japan
 Panasonic Formerly Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. - Japan

See also
 Coaxial power connector
 DC connector
 Phone connector (audio)
 JEITA

References

External links

 JEITA Connector Standards (inherited from EIAJ)

DC power connectors
Duration calculus. Duration calculus (DC) is an interval logic for real-time systems. It was originally developed by Zhou Chaochen with the help of Anders P. Ravn and C. A. R. Hoare on the European ESPRIT Basic Research Action (BRA) ProCoS project on Provably Correct Systems.

Duration calculus is mainly useful at the requirements level of the software development process for real-time systems. Some tools are available (e.g., DCVALID, IDLVALID, etc.). Subsets of duration calculus have been studied (e.g., using discrete time rather than continuous time). Duration calculus is especially espoused by UNU-IIST in Macau and the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research in Mumbai, which are major centres of excellence for the approach.

See also
Interval temporal logic (ITL)
Temporal logic
Temporal logic of actions (TLA)
Modal logic

References

External links
Duration Calculus — Virtual Library entry

1991 introductions
Formal specification languages
Temporal logic
EMCC. EMCC may stand for:

East Molesey Cricket Club
Eckert–Mauchly Computer Corporation
European Market Coupling Company
European Mentoring and Coaching Council
European Monitoring Centre on Change
Evangelical Methodist Church Conference

Colleges in the United States
East Mississippi Community College
Eastern Maine Community College
Estrella Mountain Community College

Other uses
E = m × c × c is the equation for mass-energy equivalence.

See also
EMMC, a type of computer card
EMC2 (disambiguation)
Rigorous Approach to Industrial Software Engineering. Rigorous Approach to Industrial Software Engineering (RAISE) was developed as part of the European ESPRIT II LaCoS project in the 1990s, led by Dines Bjørner. It consists of a set of tools designed for a specification language (RSL) for software development. It is especially espoused by UNU-IIST in Macau, who run training courses on site and around the world, especially in developing countries.

See also
Formal methods
Formal specification

External links
RAISE Virtual Library entry
RAISE – Rigorous Approach to Industrial Software Engineering
RAISE information from Dines Bjørner

Formal specification languages
Formal methods tools
Software testing tools
Field-replaceable unit. A field-replaceable unit (FRU) is a printed circuit board, part, or assembly that can be quickly and easily removed from a computer or other piece of electronic equipment, and replaced by the user or a technician without having to send the entire product or system to a repair facility. FRUs allow a technician lacking in-depth product knowledge to isolate faults and replace faulty components. The granularity of FRUs in a system impacts total cost of ownership and support, including the costs of stocking spare parts, where spares are deployed to meet repair time goals, how diagnostic tools are designed and implemented, levels of training for field personnel, whether end-users can do their own FRU replacement, etc.

Other equipment
FRUs are not strictly confined to computers but are also part of many high-end, lower-volume consumer and commercial products. For example, in military aviation, electronic components of line-replaceable units, typically known as shop-replaceable units (SRUs), are repaired at field-service backshops, usually by a "remove and replace" repair procedure, with specialized repair performed at centralized depot or by the OEM.

History
Many vacuum tube computers had FRUs:
Pluggable units containing one or more vacuum tubes and various passive components

Most transistorized and integrated circuit-based computers had FRUs:
Computer modules, circuit boards containing discrete transistors and various passive components. Examples:
IBM SMS cards
DEC System Building Blocks cards
DEC Flip-Chip cards
Circuit boards containing monolithic ICs and/or hybrid ICs, such as IBM SLT cards.

Vacuum tubes themselves are usually FRUs.

For a short period starting in the late 1960s, some television set manufacturers made solid-state televisions with FRUs instead of a single board attached to the chassis. However modern televisions put all the electronics on one large board to reduce manufacturing costs.

Trends
As the sophistication and complexity of multi-replaceable unit electronics in both commercial and consumer industries have increased, many design and manufacturing organizations have expanded the use of the FRU storage device. Storage is no longer limited to simply identification of the FRU itself, but now also comprises back-up copies of critical system information such as system serial numbers, MAC address and even security information. Some systems will fail to function at all without each FRU in the system being ratified at start-up. Today one cannot assume that the FRU storage device is only used to maintain the FRU ID of the part.

See also
 Shop-replaceable unit
 Line-replaceable unit

Notes

Electronic engineering
Maintenance
Deployment descriptor. A deployment descriptor  (DD) refers to a configuration file for an artifact that is deployed to some container/engine.

In the Java Platform, Enterprise Edition, a deployment descriptor describes how a component, module or application (such as a web application or enterprise application) should be deployed. It directs a deployment tool to deploy a module or application with specific container options, security settings and describes specific configuration requirements.  XML is used for the syntax of these deployment descriptor files. 

For web applications, the deployment descriptor must be called web.xml and must reside in the WEB-INF directory in the web application root. For Java EE applications, the deployment descriptor must be named application.xml and must be placed directly in the META-INF directory at the top level of the application .ear file.

Types 

In Java EE, there are two types of deployment descriptors: "Java EE deployment descriptors" and "runtime deployment descriptors". The Java EE deployment descriptors are defined by the language specification, whereas the runtime descriptors are defined by the vendor of each container implementation. For example, the web.xml file is a standard Java EE deployment descriptor, specified in the Java Servlet specification, but the sun-web.xml file contains configuration data specific to the Sun GlassFish Enterprise Server implementation.

References

External links
 http://java.sun.com/javaee/reference/glossary/
 http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/index.html - Deployment Descriptor XML Schema Reference
 (dead) http://java.sun.com/blueprints/guidelines/designing_enterprise_applications_2e/deployment/deployment5.html

See also
Manifest file

Configuration files
Java enterprise platform
Delta Machinery. Delta Power Equipment Corp. designs, manufactures and distributes power woodworking tools under the Delta Machinery brand.

History
Delta traces its roots to the Delta Specialty Company founded by Herbert Tautz in 1919 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Based at first in Tautz' garage, Delta Specialty Company thrived, first making small tools for home shops and later expanding into light industrial machinery.

In 1945, Rockwell Manufacturing Company acquired Delta Machinery and renamed it the Delta Power Tool Division of Rockwell Manufacturing Company and continued to manufacture in Milwaukee.

In 1966, Rockwell invented the world's first power miter saw.

In 1981, Rockwell's power tool group was acquired by Pentair and re-branded Delta Machinery.

In 2004, Pentair's Tools group was acquired by Black & Decker.

Current ownership
In January, 2011, Taiwan-based Chang Type Industrial Co., Ltd. purchased the Delta brand from Stanley Black & Decker. Chang Type formed a wholly owned subsidiary, Delta Power Equipment Corp. to own the acquired assets including trademarks, designs and industrial tooling. Chang Type is moving Delta's production tooling from a Stanley Black & Decker owned facility in Jackson, Tennessee to a facility in Anderson County, South Carolina. Most recently, Delta has purchased an improved facility in Spartanburg, SC and has moved all operations to this location.

References

External links
 
 Delta Machinery at VintageMachinery.org

Power tool manufacturers
Manufacturing companies established in 1919
1945 mergers and acquisitions
1981 mergers and acquisitions
2004 mergers and acquisitions
2011 mergers and acquisitions
Tool manufacturing companies of the United States
Jakarta EE application. A Jakarta EE application (formerly also called Java EE or J2EE application) is any deployable unit of Jakarta EE functionality. This can be a single Jakarta EE module or a group of modules packaged into an EAR file along with a Jakarta EE application deployment descriptor. Jakarta EE applications are typically engineered to be distributed across multiple computing tiers.

Enterprise applications can consist of combinations of the following: 
 Jakarta Enterprise Beans (EJB) modules (packaged in JAR files);
 Web modules (packaged in WAR files);
 connector modules or resource adapters (packaged in RAR files);
 Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) modules (packaged in SAR files);
 application client modules;
 Additional JAR files containing dependent classes or other components required by the application;

See also
 Enterprise software

References
 http://java.sun.com/javaee/reference/glossary/index.jsp

Java enterprise platform
Joint Data Network. The Joint Data Network (JDN) is an interconnected network of JTIDS–based systems, which links air and missile defense command and control and weapons systems across United States armed forces.  It provides a set of near-real-time data communications and information systems to facilitate situational awareness and the exchange and summary of Extended Air Defense engagement operations data (such as the Medium Extended Air Defense System) to centralized command centers, via inter-computer data and radio communications exchange protocols. JDN's backbone protocol is based on the NATO standard Link-16, although other data links and platforms are also integrated, or planned for integration.

References
 

Military radio systems
Anti-aircraft warfare
Missile defense