omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
MEASAT-3. MEASAT-3 was a Malaysian communications satellite which was successfully launched on 11 December 2006 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.

In March 2003, MEASAT Satellite Systems Sdn. Bhd. of Malaysia ordered a Boeing 601HP satellite, giving it the designation MEASAT-3 at that time. MEASAT-3 joined the existing Boeing-built MEASAT-1 and MEASAT-2 spacecraft in the Malaysia-East Asia Satellite (MEASAT) system.

International Launch Services (ILS) was contracted as the launch provider. Boeing was specified to also provide an upgrade to the MEASAT ground facilities in Malaysia, as well as training and launch support services.

MEASAT-3 was by International Launch Services using a Proton-M rocket with a Briz-M upper stage. The upper stage made five burns to place MEASAT-3 into a geostationary transfer orbit. After circularisation and testing, the satellite entered commercial service on January 25, 2007, in geostationary orbit at a longitude of 91.5 degrees East where it is co-located with MEASAT-1. The C band and  now covers geographically remote areas such as Sabah, Sarawak, and North India and expands the MEASAT fleet's coverage to more than 100 countries embracing Australia, Middle East, Eastern Europe and Africa.

On 21 June 2021, an anomaly caused the satellite to drift out of its position, causing service disruptions for Astro customers throughout Malaysia. Although MEASAT is still commanding the satellite it is unable to stop MEASAT-3 from continuing to drift, now located at 84.69°E. Because of this, all transponders have been shut down and services migrated to other MEASAT and third party satellites.

Its replacement, the MEASAT-3d, is expected to be launched in 2022.

Transponders

References

External links

International Media Switzerland Official provider's site

Satellites using the BSS-601 bus
Communications satellites in geostationary orbit
Spacecraft launched in 2006
Kekulé Program. Kekulé was a computer program named after the chemist Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz. The program was created starting in about 1990 by Joe McDaniel and Jason Balmuth while at Fein-Marquart Associates with funding from the National Cancer Institute under a Small Business Innovative Research Grant.

Overview
The program was created to satisfy a need at the NCI for entering chemical structures into a database. The format required for the database was a connection table while the published form of a structure was a drawing. The program could take a scanned image of the drawn structure and automatically read the atom labels (characters) and lines between atoms (bonds) to create the connection table for input into the database.

NCI has ceased to use the program.

Several articles describing the internal operation of the program were written and published in refereed journals such as the Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences.

References

Chemistry software
Masuzo Shikata. was a Japanese chemist and one of the pioneers in electrochemistry.  Together with his mentor and colleague, Czech chemist and inventor Jaroslav Heyrovský, he developed the first polarograph, a type of electrochemical analyzing machine, and co-authored the paper which introduced the machine and the name "polarograph". This machine was important because it automated the measurement of I-V curves (current-voltage curves) of solutions, which when done by hand could take over an hour for each test.

Biography 
After graduating from Department of Agricultural Chemistry at the Imperial University of Tokyo in 1920, Shikata gravitated towards electrochemistry and did further study at the Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, also in Tokyo.  He was able to study chemistry in Berlin under Professor Isidor Traube.  While in Germany he learned of Jaroslav Heyrovský's research in electrochemistry, and joined his team in 1923.  Shikata and Heyrovský built their first polarograph in 1924.

After being made Professor, Masuzo held the chair of Professor of Wood Chemistry in the Agricultural Chemistry department at Kyoto University and was chair from the first establishment in 1927 of Kyoto University's Chemical Research Institute.

During World War II he was dispatched to Manchukuo in Japanese-occupied China.  When he returned in 1954, he was made Professor at Nagoya University and he stayed there until he retired in 1959.

While living his retirement in Nagoya, he fell ill and went back to Kyoto, where he died of an apoplectic, or hemorrhagic, stroke.

References

External links
 Eugenii Kat's page at Hebrew University

1895 births
1964 deaths
Laureates of the Imperial Prize
Academic staff of Nagoya University
Riken personnel
University of Tokyo alumni
Europafilm. Europafilm was an influential Swedish film company established in 1929 by Schamyl Bauman and Gustaf Scheutz.

The office was located at Kungsgatan in central Stockholm, while the film studio was located in Mariehäll, Bromma, northwest of Stockholm city. It was acquired by Bonnier in 1984 and merged with Svensk Filmindustri in 1985. It was best known for the films starring Edvard Persson.

Aside from its film activities Europafilm also manufactured electroforming equipment for the vinyl record manufacturing industry. This division was later sold to the now defunct Alpha Toolex AB of Sundyberg, Sweden manufacturers of vinyl record pressing machinery. Both Europafilm plating equipment and Alpha Toolex pressing equipment is still considered to be the finest engineered equipment in their respective categories.

References

Mass media companies established in 1929
Film production companies of Sweden
Swedish film studios
1929 establishments in Sweden
Mass media companies disestablished in 1985
1985 disestablishments in Sweden
Belgian Academy Council of Applied Sciences. The Royal Belgian Academy Council of Applied Sciences (BACAS) is a Belgian council, which consists of the Flemish Academy Committee for Science and Technology (CAWET) and Walloon Comité de l'Académie pour les Applications de la Science (CAPAS) committees of the Flemish and French Academies of Science in Belgium. BACAS has ten members from the academy and ten from industry. The council studies the impact of technological development on society and provides advice for the Belgian government and leaders of industry.

As of 2008 those two committees have become both two full classes of both academies, meaning that the members will become full members, nominated by the King of Belgium, of the academy. For the French-speaking Academy, CAPAS became the Class of Technology and Society, while CAWET became the Class of Technical Sciences.

See also
 Academia Belgica
 Academia Europaea
 European Council of Applied Sciences and Engineering (Euro-CASE)
 Flemish Council for Science Policy
 Francqui Foundation
 National Fund for Scientific Research
 Science and technology in Belgium
 Science and technology in Flanders
 Science and technology in the Brussels-Capital Region
 Science and technology in Wallonia

External links
 CAPAS (French)
 KTW (Flemish)

Scientific organisations based in Belgium
Science and technology in Belgium
Organisations based in Belgium with royal patronage
European Council of Applied Sciences and Engineering. The European Council of Applied Sciences, Technologies and Engineering (Euro-CASE) is a European non-profit organization, which groups 19 to 20 European national academies of engineering, applied sciences and technology. The organization provides a European forum for exchange and consultation between European institutions, industry, research, and national governments.

The mission of the organization is to pursue, encourage and maintain excellence in the fields of engineering, applied sciences and technology, and promote their science, art and practice.

Member academies 
 Austrian Academy of Sciences (Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften) (Austria)
 The Royal Academies for Science and the Arts of Belgium (Class of Technical Sciences) - (before 2009: Royal Belgian Academy Council of Applied Sciences) (Belgium)
 Croatian Academy of Engineering (Akademija tehničkih znanosti Hrvatske) (HATZ) (Croatia)
 Engineering Academy of the Czech Republic (Strojírenská AAademie České Republiky) (EACR) (Czech Republic)
 Danish Academy of Technical Sciences (Akademiet for de Tekniske Videnskaber) (ATV) (Denmark)
 Technology Academy Finland (Tekniikan Akatemia) (TAF) (Finland)
 French Academy of Technologies (Académie des technologies) (France)
 German Academy of Science and Engineering (Deutsche Akademie der Technikwissenschaften) (Acatech) (Germany)
 Technical Chamber of Greece (Τεχνικό Επιμελητήριο Ελλάδας) (TEE-TCG)  (Greece)
 Hungarian Academy of Engineering (Magyar Mérnöki Akadémia) (MMA) (Hungary)
 Irish Academy of Engineering (IAE) (Ireland)
 National Research Council (Italy) (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche) (CISAI/FAST) (Italy)
 Netherlands Academy of Technology and Innovation (NATI) (The Netherlands)
 Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences (Norges Tekniske Vitenskapsakademi) (NTVA) (Norway)
 Polish Academy of Sciences (Polska Akademia Nauk) (PAN) (Poland)
 Portuguese Academy of Engineering  (Academia de Engenharia) (Portugal)
 Technical Sciences Academy of Romania (Academia de Știinșe Tehnice din România) (ASTR) (Romania)
 Engineering Academy of Slovenia (Inženirska akademija Slovenije) (IAS) (Slovenia)
 Royal Academy of Engineering of Spain (Real Academia de Ingeniería) (RAI) (Spain)
 Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences (Kungliga Ingenjörsvetenskapsakademien),(IVA) (Sweden)
 Swiss Academy of Engineering Sciences (Schweizerische Akademie der Technischen Wissenschaften) (SATW) (Switzerland)
 Royal Academy of Engineering (RAEng) (United Kingdom)

See also
 Academia Europaea
 acatech
 European IST Grand Prize
 European Research Advisory Board
 European Research Area (ERA)
 European Research Council
 Information Society Technologies Advisory Group (ISTAG)

External links
 European Council of Applied Sciences and Engineering

Engineering organizations
Science and technology in Europe
Justus B. Entz. Justus Bulkley Entz (June 16, 1867, New York City – June 8, 1947, New Rochelle, New York) was an American electrical engineer and inventor.  He invented the electromagnetic transmission, introduced in the Owen Magnetic of 1915, and was a pioneer in the early automobile industry.

Life

In 1887, Justus Entz began working for Thomas A. Edison as an electrician at the Edison Machine Works.  He stayed with Edison until 1890 and left as a chief electrician.  Entz entered into several patent agreements with Edison and was granted royalty payments for any future use of certain patents.

During the 1890s, Entz became fascinated with the development of the automobile, and by 1897 he was working as a chief engineer at the Electric Storage Battery Company in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.  In 1897 this company introduced an electric-powered cab to the streets of New York and Philadelphia.  It was while working for the Electric Storage Battery Company that Entz designed a gasoline-powered automobile with an electric drive transmission, and this was built as the prototype Columbia Mark IX by the Pope Manufacturing Company.  On the vehicle's test run, driven by Hiram Percy Maxim, an electric spark ignited fuel in the gasoline tank and destroyed the car.  Still, the basic design was good, and Entz took out a patent on it.

By 1902, Entz was working on ways to perfect his electromagnetic transmission.  The device he ultimately came up with used a magnetic field to drive a propeller or driveshaft. By varying the intensity of the field, a vehicle could go faster or slower without using a clutch.  In 1912, Walter C. Baker purchased the patent rights to the Entz Transmission and then licensed the technology to Raymond Owen of R. M. Owen & Company. Owen used the technology to produce a gasoline-powered automobile that utilized the Entz electromagnetic transmission, called the Owen Magnetic.

Justus Entz was altogether granted 75 patents in automotive engineering.  He died in 1947, a few days short of his 80th birthday.

Patents
 Dynamo electric machine.
CA Patent 204067 Transmission and control for motor vehicles.
US 1207732 Magnetic drive

References

Kirsch, David A. The Electric Vehicle and the Burden of History. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2000.

External links
Rutgers University Entz-Edison patents
hybrid history
Early Electric Cars
 New York Times obituary, June 9, 1947 (subscription required)

1867 births
1947 deaths
People from New Rochelle, New York
American inventors
American automotive pioneers
American automotive engineers
Automotive transmission technologies
Engineers from New York (state)
MaverickCrunch. The MaverickCrunch is a floating point math coprocessor core intended for digital audio. It was first presented by Cirrus Logic in June 2000 together with an ARM920T integer processor in their 200 MHz EP9302, EP9307, EP9312, and EP9315 System-on-Chip integrated circuits.  it was seldom used in any of the devices based on those chips and the product line was discontinued on April 1, 2008.

Features 
The coprocessor has 16 64-bit registers which can be used for 32- or 64-bit integer and floating point operations and its floating point format is based on the IEEE-754 standard. It has its own instruction set which performs floating point addition, subtraction, multiplication, negation, absolute value, and comparisons as well as addition, multiplication and bit shifts on integers. It also has four 72-bit registers on which can perform a 32-bit multiply-and-accumulate instruction and a status register, as well as conversions between integer and floating point values and instructions to move data between itself and the ARM registers or memory.

It operates in parallel with the main processor, both processors receiving their instructions from a single 32-bit instruction stream. Thus, to use it efficiently, integer and floating point instructions must be interleaved so as to keep both processors busy.

Hardware bugs 

Five versions of the EP93xx silicon were issued: "D0" and "D1"/"E0"/"E1" and "E2", with major revisions to the MaverickCrunch core between D0 and D1 to fix its worst bugs. All have a dozen or more hardware bugs which either give imprecise or garbage results or clobber registers or memory when certain sequences of instructions are executed in a certain order.

Compiler support 
A set of patches was submitted to the GNU Compiler Collection by Red Hat/Cygnus Solutions in 2003 to include a code generator for it, complete with flags to work around its defects. However, these never worked well enough for it to be usable. It was removed by GCC 4.8 (Sept. 2012).

Several attempts have been made to fix this work:
 Cirrus Logic's Crunch tools, a repackaging of GNU tools modified by Nucleusys of Bulgaria (or was it they who did the work later submitted by RedHat?)
 The futaris patches for gcc 4.1.2 and 4.2.0, packaged for Open Embedded
 Martin Guy's gcc-crunch patches and native compilers, a development of the futaris patches, which generate reliable code and pass all testsuites.

References

External links 
 Chapter 2 of the EP9307 Users Guide
 Optimizing Code Speed for the MaverickCrunch Coprocessor
  Reportedly many issues with the implementation on the chip.
 Cirrus Logic's Errata for EP93XX
 A detailed article on the Debian Wiki exploring its problematic features, hardware bugs and the state of GCC support.
 Patched versions of GCC capable of generating reliable MaverickCrunch code
 Debian packages recompiled with MaverickCrunch acceleration

Floating point unit
Digital signal processors
Perry Kivolowitz. Perry Kivolowitz (born 1961) is an American computer scientist and business person. In 1985, he co-founded Advanced Systems Design Group which built hardware for the Commodore Amiga. This company was renamed Elastic Reality, Inc. and became well known as a digital imaging software provider. In 1987, Kivolowitz invented the recoverable ram drive In 1995 this company sold to Avid Technology, Inc.

In 1996 he received an Academy Award for Scientific and Technical Achievement for the invention of shape-driven warping and morphing as exemplified in the Avid Elastic Reality package once in widespread use. Dr. Garth Dickie was a co-recipient of this award.

Kivolowitz is a principal in SilhouetteFX LLC. In December 2018, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences granted an Academy Award for Scientific and Technical Achievement to Silhouette.

He co-founded Profound Effects, Inc. (2001–2008), Hypercosm Inc. (1999–2001) and KSK Electrics, LLC (2013–2015). Kivolowitz was accepted into the Visual Effects Society

in 2012.

From 1997 to 1999 and from 2006 to 2015, Kivolowitz was a member of the Computer Sciences Department of the University of Wisconsin–Madison, first as an adjunct faculty member and then as a Faculty Associate and Instructional Program Director. During the University of Wisconsin - Madison's Sesquicentennial Celebration, Kivolowitz was honored as being one of the 150 Ways the University of Wisconsin has Touched the World. In January 2018, Kivolowitz was made Chair of the Computer Science Department at Carthage College.

Kivolowitz lectured for AT&T and Bell Labs in the early 1980s on Unix Internals and debugging primarily at an AT&T facility in Piscataway New Jersey but also across the country. In April 2012, Kivolowitz resumed lecturing on the process of debugging

As a graduate student Kivolowitz authored one of the earliest key logger programs, the source code of which was posted to Usenet in November 1983. Kivolowitz authored an early paper on file systems for write-once media presented at the 1984 USENIX conference in Salt Lake City.

Since 2004 Kivolowitz has been an invited speaker and provides expert testimony on the subject of detecting tampered digital images (both still images and video).

In 2006, Kivolowitz wed Sara Krueger Kivolowitz. He is currently a computer science professor at Carthage College.

In October 2019 it was announced that Kivolowitz had won a 2019 Engineering Emmy Award for his software SilhouetteFX.

Patents 
 5881321 Camera motion sensing system
 5754180 Computer system and process for defining and manipulating images using structured objects with variable edge characteristics
 5077604 Color printing, correction can conversion apparatus and method

References

External links
 SilhoutteFX web site
 Wisconsin Association of Computer Crime Investigators

American computer scientists
Living people
Carthage College faculty
University of Wisconsin–Madison faculty
Stony Brook University alumni
1961 births
Academy Award for Technical Achievement winners
Genchi Genbutsu. literally translates "real location, real thing” (meaning "the situation onsite") and it is a key principle of the Toyota Production System. The principle is sometimes referred to as "go and see." It suggests that in order to truly understand a situation one needs to observe what is happening at the site where work actually takes place: the gemba (現場). One definition is that it is "collecting facts and data at the actual site of the work or problem."

Application
Taiichi Ohno, creator of the Toyota Production System is credited, perhaps apocryphally, with taking new graduates to the shop floor and drawing a chalk circle on the floor. The graduate would be told to stand in the circle, observe and note what he saw. When Ohno returned he would check; if the graduate had not seen enough he would be asked to keep observing. Ohno was trying to imprint upon his future engineers that the only way to truly understand what happens on the shop floor was to go there. It was where the value was added and waste could be observed.

Genchi genbutsu is, therefore, a key approach in problem-solving, saying that if the problem exists on the shop floor, then it needs to be understood and solved at the shop floor.

Genchi genbutsu is also called Gemba attitude. Gemba is the Japanese term for "the place" (meaning "the place where it actually happens"). Since real value is created at the shop floor in manufacturing, it espouses the philosophy that this is where managers need to spend their time.

Genchi genbutsu is sometimes referred to as "Getcha boots on" (and go out and see what is happening) in English due to its similar cadence and meaning. It has been compared to Peters and Waterman's idea of "Management By Wandering Around". This concept quickly became so universal that new managers instinctively knew that they had to "walk around" to achieve high effectiveness levels. Whilst these ideas, with their associated lists of how-tos, are probably good ideas they may miss the essential nature of Genchi Genbutsu which is less to "visit" and more to "know" by being there. Toyota has high levels of management presence on the production line whose role is to "know" and to constantly improve.

See also
Gemba
Contextual inquiry

References

Jeffrey Liker. The Toyota Way: 14 Management Principles From The World's Greatest Manufacturer. McGraw Hill, 2003.
Jeffrey Liker, David Meier. The Toyota Way Fieldbook. McGraw Hill, 2005.

Japanese business terms
Lean manufacturing
Toyota Production System
Stepped profile. A stepped profile describes the edge of something that has a series of defined steps. It has applications in architecture, construction, engineering, and geology.

Applications

Architecture and construction
In building design a stepped profile is used to reduce the visual impact of, or airborne noise around a building. A stepped profile is also used to calculate seismic and wind loads in multi-story building design.

The spillway from a dam can have a stepped profile, which dissipates energy from the released water.

Engineering
In engineering, a stepped profile may be used on a bearing surface to reduce friction between the moving parts.

Geology
A mountain with a stepped profile has a number of denudation terraces caused by erosion.

A river with a stepped profile has a step-like variation in its gradient along its length. This may be caused by changes in the height of the underlying bedrock.

Notable examples
 Altar Mountain, a mountain in Victoria Land, Antarctica
 Drapers' Gardens, an office block in the City of London, United Kingdom
 Cairn of Barnenez, a neolithic monument in Brittany, France

See also
 Setback (architecture)
 Stepped spillway

References

Architectural elements
Engineering
Geology
Metalworking terminology
Invent Now America. Invent Now America is an annual event hosted by the National Inventors Hall of Fame in conjunction with the United States Patent & Trademark Office (USPTO), Time Magazine and The History Channel.  Each year, thousands of inventors submit their inventions for inclusion in the event.

The 2006 top invention was the Strawjet, created by David Ward, who was awarded the grand prize by Apple Computer creator Steve Wozniak.

References

External links

Announcement of "Top Invention of 2006"

Science competitions
PR2. PR2 may refer to:

 PR2 (classification), a Paralympic rowing classification
 Aircrew Survival Equipmentman 2nd Class (US Navy rating); previously designated as 'Parachute Rigger 2nd Class', hence PR2
 London Buses route PR2
 Personal Robot 2 open source robot project by sponsored by Willow Garage
 Google PageRank
 πr2, see Area of a disk
 Polskie Radio Program II, a radio channel broadcast by the Polish public broadcaster Polskie Radio
 VR Class Pr2, a locomotive class

PR-2 may refer to:
 Puerto Rico Highway 2