omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
ADR. ADR or adr may refer to:

Aviation
 Accident data recorder, or flight data recorder
 Adria Airways, an airline of Slovenia
 IATA airport code for Robert F. Swinnie Airport in Andrews, State of South Carolina, USA

Companies
 Applied Data Research, a large software vendor from the 1960s until the mid-1980s

Computing
 Action–domain–responder architectural pattern
 The adr microformat, part of the hCard microformat
 Advanced Digital Recording, a magnetic tape data storage format.
 Architectural decision record
 Asynchronous DRAM refresh, an approach for persistent memory found in some Intel Xeon processors

Entertainment
 Alter Der Ruine, an American powernoise music group
 Automated dialogue replacement, a post-production process in filmmaking

Law and finance
 Alternative dispute resolution
 American depositary receipt, a method of trading non-U.S. stocks on U.S. exchanges
 Average daily rate, a common lodging industry statistic

Science and medicine
 Adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration
 Adrenodoxin-NADP+ reductase, an enzyme
 Adverse drug reaction
 Artificial disc replacement, a surgical procedure
 Astra Digital Radio, a digital radio transmission system

Transportation
 Active Debris Removal, an action or policy for enhancing space transport safety
 ADR (treaty), a treaty governing transport of hazardous materials
 Airdrie railway station, United Kingdom
 Ardeer railway station, Melbourne

Sports
 AD Renting (cycling team), a Belgian professional cycling team that existed from 1987 to 1989
 Alan Docking Racing, British motor racing team
 Alberto Del Rio (born 1977), Mexican professional wrestler

Other uses
 Académie de Roberval, a school in Montreal, Quebec, Canada
 Adonara language, a Central Malayo-Polynesian language of Indonesia
 ADR rose, a rose trial winner
 Alternative Democratic Reform Party, a political party in Luxembourg
 Australian Design Rules, a set of construction standards for road registered vehicles in Australia
 Automated Demand response (Auto-DR), the automation by electric grid utilities to curtail load for various cost savings strategies.
 Automotive dead reckoning, GNSS-assisted dead reckoning for vehicles
 Axiom of real determinacy
 Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (1918–1920), a precursor state to modern Azerbaijan
Dodge 400. The Dodge 400 was a mid-size car built by Dodge.  It was similar to the Chrysler LeBaron of the same era.  The 400 was introduced for the 1982 model year but renamed and merged into the Dodge 600 lineup just two years later. An improved version of Chrysler's K-cars, it was called the Super K platform.

Design
While heavily dependent on the K-car, the suspension geometry was revised with computer-aided design (CAD), one of Chrysler's first forays into this area. Aside from the suspension modifications, the interior was plusher and the front and rear designs were different. To provide higher comfort than in the regular K-cars, particular care was paid to sound proofing, with a redesigned firewall and additional isolating material throughout.

Aside from the stacked-slat grille being different from that of the LeBaron, the 400 was somewhat less ornate overall. Faux louvres on the front fenders were unique to the 400.

Model years

1982

The 400 was intended to be a more upmarket version of the Aries and a corporate twin of the downsized LeBaron. It was originally only available as a two-door coupé. In the spring of 1982 two additional bodystyles appeared: a convertible and a four-door sedan. The 400's suspension, while soft, was somewhat firmer than that of its LeBaron sister.

This was Dodge's first convertible since the 1971 Challenger and one of the first domestically-manufactured convertibles since 1976, when Cadillac had phased out the Eldorado convertible.

The 400 was available in two trim levels: base and LS. Engine choices were limited to a 2.2 L inline-four engine or an optional Mitsubishi-sourced 2.6 L "Silent Shaft" four-cylinder; this was only available coupled to an automatic. The convertible came with the Mitsubishi-sourced engine as standard. Outputs were  respectively.

1983
There were no major changes made for 1983 other than the LS trim being omitted from the lineup. During 1983, the 400 sedan was replaced by the longer wheelbase Dodge 600. The coupes and convertibles remained on the shorter wheelbase but were rebadged as Dodge 600 from 1984.

Production
Production figures:

References

External links

400
Front-wheel-drive vehicles
Mid-size cars
Coupés
Convertibles
Sedans
Cars introduced in 1982
Cars discontinued in 1983
Debian Social Contract. The Debian Social Contract (DSC) is a document that frames the moral agenda of the Debian project. The values outlined in the Social Contract provide the basic principles for the Debian Free Software Guidelines that serve as the basis of the Open Source Definition.

Debian believes the makers of a free software operating system should provide guarantees when a user entrusts them with control of a computer. These guarantees include:
Ensuring that the operating system remains open and free.
Giving improvements back to the community that made the operating system possible.
Not hiding problems with the software or organization.
Staying focused on the users and the software that started the phenomenon.
Making it possible for the software to be used with non-free software.

History
The idea of the DSC was first proposed by Ean Schuessler after a conversation with Bob Young, co-founder of Red Hat. Schuessler said Red Hat should issue a set of guidelines that would guarantee to the community as the company expanded it would always be committed to the ideals of Free Software. Young said this would be a "kiss of death" for Red Hat, implying it would constrain the company's ability to generate profit. Concerned about Young's response, Schuessler and other Debian developers decided to broach the idea of a "social contract" that would supplement Debian's initial manifesto written by Ian Murdock. Bruce Perens later led the effort from June 1997 to coordinate the creation of the DSC using the Free Software Definition as its basis.

The Debian project ratified its social contract 1.0 on July 5, 1997.

References

External links
 Debian Social Contract

Social Contract
Air Niagara. Air Niagara is a zeppelin blimp operator and formerly a scheduled passenger airline that previously operated jet aircraft based in the New York side of the Niagara Falls. It was one of the many airlines that started flying after the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 in the United States. The company was acquired in early 2022 and is currently working on operating zeppelin tours.

A Canadian-based airline which operated Convair 580 turboprop and Fokker F28 Fellowship jet aircraft in the province of Ontario also used the Air Niagara name from the late 1980s to 2000.

Air Niagara offered jet flights from Niagara Falls International Airport (IAG) with the assumption that tourism in their home region would propel the airline to profitability.

The airline was one of the few air carriers to serve that airport with jet flights from 1982 to 1984 (in 1983, Empire Airlines (1976-1985) was also operating jet service into the airport with Fokker F28 Fellowship twin jets).  Air Niagara operated two Boeing 727-100s formerly operated by Eastern Air Lines (registrations N8101N and N8104N) and was serving only two routes in late 1982 with nonstop flights between Niagara Falls and Newark Airport (EWR) in New Jersey and also nonstop between Niagara Falls and John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK) in New York City. The airline's 727s had been delivered new to Eastern in 1964 (both airplanes ended up being broken up and scrapped in Mexico in 1994).

Air Niagara ceased operations in 1984 until the company and trademark was acquired in 2022. Air Niagara now plans on offering blimp air flights in collaboration with Hybrid Air Vehicles, a British limited company and a British manufacturer of hybrid airships. 

As of 2023, the company's assets have been resold and the current state of Air Niagara is unknown.

References

External links
 Air Niagara airplane photos at this Airliners.net

History of New York (state)
Airlines established in 1978
Airlines based in New York (state)
Toyota Technological Institute. The  (commonly referred to as TTI) is a university located in Nagoya, Japan. Founded in 1981 by a large endowment from Toyota Motor Corporation, it originally only accepted students with some industrial work experience.

Programs 
TTI has a School of Engineering, a Master's Program, and a Doctoral Program. The programs consist of three areas of coursework: Mechanical Systems Engineering, Electronics & Information Science, and Materials Science & Engineering.

Chicago campus 
In 2003 Toyota also opened the Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago, jointly with the University of Chicago. This campus is mainly for Ph.D students, studying Machine Learning, Algorithms & Complexity, Computer Vision, Speech Technologies and Computational Biology.

Reputation 
TSU ranked TTI as the 5th best Japanese university in 2010 and 4th in 2011. In this ranking, TTI has a best employment rate among all Japanese Universities.

In 2012, TTI was ranked 1st in Asia in terms of average number of publication per faculty by the QS World University Rankings.

References

External links
 TTI's English Homepage
 TTI Chicago

Private universities and colleges in Japan
Universities and colleges in Nagoya
Educational institutions established in 1981
Engineering universities and colleges in Japan
Toyota
DWM. DWM may refer to:

Computing
 dwm, a window manager for X11
 Desktop Window Manager in Microsoft Windows
 Domain-wall memory, experimental computer memory

Organisations
 Deutsche Waffen und Munitionsfabriken, a munitions company, Karlsruhe, Germany
 Deutsche Waggon und Maschinenfabrik, a German rail and bus manufacturer

Other uses
 Dandy–Walker malformation, a congenital malformation of the brain
Distinguished Warfare Medal, a cancelled US award
 Doctor Who Magazine
Global Engine Alliance. Global Engine Alliance LLC, began as a joint venture of Chrysler, Mitsubishi Motors, and Hyundai Motor Company for developing a line of shared engines.

In September 2009, Chrysler purchased Mitsubishi and Hyundai's shares, after 5 years of allied research and development, making its Dundee, Michigan plant a wholly owned subsidiary of what was then Chrysler Group LLC.

Global Engine Manufacturing Alliance 
Global Engine Manufacturing Alliance, LLC (GEMA) was the manufacturing arm of the Global Engine Alliance and consisted of five factories worldwide. Production began in 2005, with an annual capacity of approximately two million engines; each plant was capable of producing 420,000. Twenty different automobile models from the three companies were to use the engines. Chrysler had expected to use GEMA engines in ten models and projects, and buy up to 840,000 GEMA engines annually.

The Dundee plants were purchased by Chrysler in December, 2012, and renamed the Chrysler Dundee Engine Plant(s).  After Chrysler's assimilation into FCA, the plant simply became known as the Dundee Engine Plant.

Design
Hyundai was initially responsible for leading the design of the base engine, while the Chrysler Group and Mitsubishi were involved in making other important engineering contributions pertaining to the design. The design features Siamese bores, an aluminium block with cast-iron cylinder liners, and an aluminium head. Different cylinder liners could be fitted to increase or decrease displacement depending on manufacturers needs. Each manufacturer configured their variants of the initial design differently based on their engineering needs and standards, so consumers may experience very different power, fuel efficiency, and "feel" from each manufacturer.

See also
Chrysler World engine - Chrysler's GEMA built engines
Mitsubishi 4B1 engine - Mitsubishi's GEMA built engines
Hyundai Theta engine - Hyundai's GEMA built engines

References

External links
Official site

Chrysler
Mitsubishi Motors
Hyundai Motor Company
Joint ventures
Companies based in Michigan
Kensington Security Slot. The Kensington Security Slot (also called a K-Slot or Kensington lock) is an anti-theft system for hardware electronics such as notebook computers, computer monitors and others. It is a small, metal-reinforced hole used for attaching a lock-and-cable apparatus. It is produced by Kensington Computer Products Group.

Development 
Designed in the mid 1980s and patented by Kryptonite in 1999–2000, assigned to Schlage in 2002, and since 2005 owned and marketed by Kensington Computer Products Group.

Design 

The system consists of a small, metal-reinforced hole found commonly on small or portable computers and electronics equipment such as laptops, computer monitors, desktop computers, video game consoles, audio interfaces, and video projectors, combined with a metal anchor attached to a rubberized metal cable secured with a key or combination lock. The end of the cable has a small loop that allows the cable to be looped around a permanent object, such as a heavy table or other similar equipment.

The hole is found in many laptops, although a lock for it is typically not included. Occasionally, the slot is located so that installing a lock will also prevent the removal of a valuable subcomponent, such as a rechargeable battery or a memory module. The Kensington slot may be marked with a small icon that looks like a padlock with a capital "K", or the slot may be unlabelled.

Efficiency 

Kensington locks can discourage opportunistic grab-and-run thefts of equipment from public locations such as coffee shops or libraries, but they are not designed to be impervious protection measures, nor are they intended to secure equipment in unattended locations, because they can be torn out of equipment (although not without causing visible damage), given that the cases are typically made of plastic or thin metal, and the cable can be cut with wire or bolt cutters. In addition to this, successfully securing the non-locking, loop end of the cable is dependent upon the availability of a suitable anchoring point on a virtually immovable base object, or a thief may just shift that object, and then take the protected device with cable attached.

The lock mechanism is typically a tubular pin tumbler lock or, less frequently, a flat key lock or a numeric combination lock with no key.

Alternatives 

Several manufacturers offer similar locking mechanisms that do not require a special lock hole. They attach to a popular port, such as the VGA or printer port, and have special screws to secure locks in place.

References

External links 

Locks (security device)
ACCO Brands
Artes mechanicae. Artes mechanicae (mechanical arts) are a medieval concept of ordered practices or skills, often juxtaposed to the traditional seven liberal arts (artes liberales). Also called "servile" and "vulgar", from antiquity they had been deemed "unbecoming" for a free man, as they minister to basic needs.

Overview
Johannes Scotus Eriugena (9th century) divided them into seven parts: 
  (tailoring, weaving)
  (agriculture)
  (architecture, masonry)
  and  (warfare and hunting, military education, "martial arts")
  (trade)
  (cooking)
  (blacksmithing, metallurgy)

In his Didascalicon, Hugh of St Victor (12th century) includes navigation, medicine and theatrical arts instead of commerce, agriculture and cooking. Hugh's treatment somewhat elevates the mechanical arts as ordained to the improvement of humanity, a promotion which was to represent a growing trend among late medievals.

The classification of the  as applied geometry was introduced to Western Europe by Dominicus Gundissalinus (12th century) under the influence of his readings in Arabic scholarship.

In the 19th century, "mechanic arts" referred to some of the  fields that are now known as engineering.  Use of the term was apparently an attempt to distinguish these fields from creative and artistic endeavors like the performing arts and the fine arts, which were for the upper class of the time, and the intelligentsia.  The mechanic arts were also considered practical fields for those that did not come from good families.

Related phrases, "useful arts" or "applied arts" probably encompass the mechanic arts as well as craftsmanship in general.

In the United States, the most famous usage of the term "mechanic arts" (and the one in which it is most commonly encountered today) is in the Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act.

See also 
Artes liberales
Medieval technology

Footnotes

References
Walton, S.A., An Introduction to the Mechanical Arts in the Middle Ages, AVISTA, University of Toronto, 2003

Applied sciences
Visual arts media
History of engineering
The arts
Medieval European education
Temporal multithreading. Temporal multithreading is one of the two main forms of multithreading that can be implemented on computer processor hardware, the other being simultaneous multithreading.  The distinguishing difference between the two forms is the maximum number of concurrent threads that can execute in any given pipeline stage in a given cycle.  In temporal multithreading the number is one, while in simultaneous multithreading the number is greater than one. Some authors use the term super-threading synonymously.

Variations
There are many possible variations of temporal multithreading, but most can be classified into two sub-forms:

Coarse-grained The main processor pipeline contains only one thread at a time.  The processor must effectively perform a rapid context switch before executing a different thread.  This fast context switch is sometimes referred to as a thread switch.  There may or may not be additional penalty cycles when switching.

There are many possible variations of coarse-grained temporal multithreading, mainly concerning the algorithm that determines when thread switching occurs.  This algorithm may be based on one or more of many different factors, including cycle counts, cache misses, and fairness.

Fine-grained (or interleaved) The main processor pipeline may contain multiple threads, with context switches effectively occurring between pipe stages (e.g., in the barrel processor). This form of multithreading can be more expensive than the coarse-grained forms because execution resources that span multiple pipe stages may have to deal with multiple threads.  Also contributing to cost is the fact that this design cannot be optimized around the concept of a "background" thread — any of the concurrent threads implemented by the hardware might require its state to be read or written on any cycle.

Comparison to simultaneous multithreading
In any of its forms, temporal multithreading is similar in many ways to simultaneous multithreading.  As in the simultaneous process, the hardware must store a complete set of states per concurrent thread implemented. The hardware must also preserve the illusion that a given thread has the processor resources to itself.  Fairness algorithms must be included in both types of multithreading situations to prevent one thread from dominating processor time and/or resources.

Temporal multithreading has an advantage over simultaneous multithreading in that it causes lower processor heat output; however, it allows only one thread to be executed at a time.

See also
Barrel processor
Symmetric multiprocessing

References

Flynn's taxonomy
Threads (computing)
Central processing unit
Computer architecture
Line card. A line card or digital line card is a modular electronic circuit designed to fit on a separate printed circuit board (PCB) and interface with a telecommunications access network.

A line card typically interfaces with a twisted pair cable of a plain old telephone service (POTS) local loop to the public switched telephone network (PSTN).  Telephone line cards perform multiple tasks, such as analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversion of voice, off-hook detection, ring supervision, line integrity tests, and other BORSCHT functions.  In some telephone exchange designs, the line cards generate ringing current and decode DTMF signals.  The line card in a subscriber loop carrier is called a subscriber line interface card (SLIC).

A line card can terminate a line supporting voice POTS service, ISDN service, DSL service, or proprietary ones. Some line cards are capable of terminating more than one type of service.

Since an access network element is usually intended to interface many users (typically a few thousand), some exchanges have multiple line terminations per card. Likewise, one network element can have  many line cards.

See also
 5ESS switch
 DMS-100

References

Telecommunications equipment
GAMESS. GAMESS is a computational chemistry software program and stands for General Atomic and Molecular Electronic Structure System. The original Quantum Chemistry Program Exchange (QCPE) code of GAMESS split in 1981 and now the three version differ considerably:

 GAMESS (UK),  a fork of the General Atomic and Molecular Electronic Structure System computational chemistry software program
 GAMESS (US), a fork of the General Atomic and Molecular Electronic Structure System computational chemistry software program
 Firefly (computer program) or PC GAMESS, an ab initio computational chemistry program based on GAMESS (US) sources

Computational chemistry software
Bédélia. Bédélia  (in English usually written as Bedelia) was the archetype of the French cyclecars.

This automobile was manufactured by the Bourbeau et Devaux Co. of Paris from 1910 to 1925 to a design by Robert Bourbeau. Rather than scaling down existing motor-car designs, Bourbeau chose to adapt mainly motor-cycle practice for his design, giving rise to the cyclecar designation.  The low and light car carried its two passengers in tandem with the passenger seated at the front, while in the rear was the person doing the steering. Single-cylinder or 10 hp V-twin engines were used. Drive was to the rear wheels through a belt which could be moved between pulleys to give a two speed transmission. The front axle was centre pivoted with suspension by a single mid mounted coil spring and the steering was by a cable and bobbin. Elliptic leaf springs were used at the rear. The method of changing gear was unusual. The rear driver had to operate a lever which slackened the belt by moving the rear axle forwards and then the passenger had to move the belt between pulleys by means of a separate lever. How the car was driven without a passenger is not explained. On later cars the levers were moved so that the driver could steer the car for himself.   Before World War I, Bédélia cyclecars sold very well, even in Britain.

A Bédélia won the 1913 Cyclecar Grand Prix held at Amiens. A Morgan came in first,  Morgan enthusiasts have claimed it as a win to the present day and it was largely on publicity from this success that Morgan broke into the French market,  resulting in the creation of the Darmont company and, tangentially,  Sandford.  Nevertheless, the second placed French car was subsequently awarded the victory.

Manufacturing rights were obtained by a dealer, a Monsieur Binet in 1920 and he had an updated version of the cars made for him by Mahieux of Levallois-Perret, Seine. The body design was modified to let the driver and  passengers sit and a conventional three speed gearbox was fitted. Engines of up to 990 cc were offered.

Commercial
The car's launch coincided with a "Petroleum/gasoline War" involving the competing commercial interests of the United States, Romania and other countries. France, having no indigenous oil supplies of its own, and the Algerian reserves not yet discovered, was particularly badly hit, and government exacerbated the challenge for the infant auto-industry with new car taxes. The light-weight Bedélia cyclecar's introduction was therefore timely. With the cyclecar boom over the company collapsed in 1925.

External links
 The Bédélia (in French)
 - Photo of Henri Bourbeau's Bedelia at 1913 Amiens Cyclecar Grand Prix

Notes and references

Cyclecars
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of France