omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Gulfstream G200. The Gulfstream G200, formerly known as the IAI Galaxy, is a twin-engine business jet. It was designed originally by Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) and was produced by IAI for Gulfstream Aerospace from 1999 through 2011.

Design and development

The G200 was originally named "Astra Galaxy". When Gulfstream Aerospace purchased Galaxy Aerospace in 2001 the model was rebranded as the Gulfstream G200. Israel Aircraft Industries' subsidiary Galaxy Aerospace Inc. began designing the Galaxy in the late 1980s in a risk-sharing partnership with the Soviet aircraft design bureau Yakovlev OKB. The program officially launched in September 1993. Yakovlev handled design and manufacturing of the forward fuselage and empennage. However, the Russian company had trouble meeting agreed production schedules, and the partnership was ended in 1995. This led to another risk-sharing agreement, with EADS Sogerma manufacturing the fuselage and empennage, and IAI being responsible for final assembly and other prime contractor duties.

The Galaxy was based on a new wider fuselage, attached to a strengthened Astra SPX wing with integrated winglets and modified high-lift devices, powered by new 5,700-lb (25.3 kN) thrust Pratt & Whitney Canada PW306 turbofans, and with improved Pro Line 4 avionics and an all-new interior. The decision to use the existing Astra SPX wing imposed a maximum limit on size but allowed a fuselage large enough to accommodate three-abreast seating. The main change from the Astra SPX wing was the introduction of Krueger flaps on the leading edges of the inboard section. These recovered some of the field performance lost as a result of the Galaxy's higher wing loading. It used rubber de-ice boots on wing and horizontal stabilizer leading edges. The aircraft has seating configurations for 8 to 10 passengers. The G200 has a forward-tilting stance when on the ground.

The Galaxy first flew on December 25, 1997. By December 1998 it had received certification from the US and Israeli aviation agencies. Deliveries began the following year. The Galaxy was renamed "G200" after Gulfstream Aerospace acquired Galaxy Aerospace in June 2001.

In 2005, Gulfstream began designing a follow-on aircraft. The new model, known as the "G250", was launched in 2008. It was later renamed the Gulfstream G280. The final production G200 rolled off the production line on December 19, 2011; 250 units had been built.

By 2018, 1999-2007 Gulfstream G200s were priced at $2.395 to $6.25 million.

Specifications

See also

References

1990s Israeli business aircraft
G200
G200
Galaxy
Twinjets
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1997
Cruciform tail aircraft
Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear
Spacistor. The spacistor was a type of transistor developed in the 1950s as an improvement over the point-contact transistor and the later alloy junction transistor. It offered much higher speed than earlier transistors. It became obsolete in the early 1960s with the development of the diffusion transistor.

It is composed of a P-N junction with a wide depletion region, inside which two additional contacts are made: the injector and the modulator. The P material was called the base and the N material was called the collector. The injector acted like a BJT (bipolar junction transistor) emitter, the modulator like a base, and the collector like its BJT namesake. It achieved high speed by reducing the charge carrier's transit time.

References

External links
The Spacistor, A New Class of High-Frequency Semiconductor Devices March  1957 - prone to oscillation
The Spacistor July 1961 - operate to 25 Mc (MHz)

Transistor types
ECIT. ECIT (The Institute of Electronics, Communications and Information Technology) was established in 2003 at the School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at Queen's University Belfast (QUB) under the leadership of Professor Sir John V. McCanny CBE FRS FREng MRIA. Professor Máire O'Neill (FIAE, MRIA) was appointed Acting Director in August 2019.

Its three research centres cover areas such as cyber security, wireless, data science and scalable computing.

The institute is home to The Centre for Secure Information Technologies (CSIT), the Centre for Wireless Innovation (CWI) and the Centre for Data Science and Scalable Computing (DSSC).

CSIT is an Innovation and Knowledge Centre (IKC) and was established in 2009 with over £30M initial funding. It is the UK's largest university cyber security research lab, and is acknowledged by the UK NCSC as an Academic Centre of Excellence.

Centre for Wireless Innovation (CWI) was ranked 28th globally in the ShanghaiRanking's Global Ranking of Academic Subjects in Telecommunication Engineering having ascended 35 places on the 2018 ranking. This places CWI at 5th in Europe and 2nd in UK in Telecommunication Engineering for 2019.

ECIT is located at Catalyst Inc, Belfast, and the Titanic Dock is nearly 50 meters away from the ECIT main entrance.

References

External links
 The Institute of Electronics, Communications and Information Technology
 Queen's University Belfast
 Catalyst Inc

Computer science institutes in the United Kingdom
Cybercrime in the United Kingdom
Engineering universities and colleges in the United Kingdom
Queen's University Belfast
2003 establishments in Northern Ireland
Storage record. In computer science, a storage record is:
 A group of related data, words, or fields treated as a meaningful unit; for instance, a Name, Address, and Telephone Number can be a "Personal Record".
 A self-contained collection of information about a single object; a record is made up of a number of distinct items, called fields.

In record-oriented filesystems, a record is a basic unit of device-to-program data transfers. Files in record-oriented filesystems are  structured collections of records. Records may have a fixed length or variable length.

In Unix-like systems, a number of programs (for example, awk, join, and sort) are designed to process data consisting of records (called lines) each separated by newlines, where each record may contain a number of fields separated by spaces, commas, or some other character.

See also
 Block (data storage)
 Object composition
 Record (computer science)
 Row (database)
 User-defined type

Computer data storage
Kugel fountain. A kugel fountain (also called a floating sphere fountain or by the pleonasmic name kugel ball) is a water feature or sculpture where a sphere sits in a fitted hollow in a pedestal, and is supported by aquaplaning on a thin film of water. Pressurized water flows between the sphere and socket, creating a mechanical hydrostatic bearing that is nearly frictionless. The sphere can weigh thousands of kilograms, but the efficient bearing allows it to be spun by the force of a hand. The sphere does not float, being denser than water; it is often made from granite. The hydraulics of the fountain can be controlled so that the axis of rotation of the sphere changes continually. Ring sculptures that rotate on an axis are also built.

Kugel fountains can be found all over the world. Many are at popular tourist destinations, such as science museums, shopping centers, lobbies, and gardens.

 is the German word for ball or sphere.

Locations of kugel fountains

Notes

Gallery

See also 
 Aquaplaning
 Fluid bearing
 Lubrication theory
 Stone ball
 Stone spheres of Costa Rica

References

External links 

  
 Kugel fountain FAQ
 Terracache dedicated to the kugel fountain.
 Waymarking list of large kugel fountains, with GPS coordinates and images.

Balls
Fountains
Garden ornaments
Outdoor sculptures
Damaskeening. Damaskeening is decorative patterning on a watch movement.   The term damaskeening is used in America, while in Europe the terms used are Fausses Côtes, Côtes de Genève  or Geneva Stripes.  Such patterns are made from very fine scratches made by rose engine lathe using small disks, polishing wheels or ivory laps.  These patterns look similar to the results of a Spirograph or Guilloché engraving.

The earliest known damaskeened American watch movement is E. Howard & Company movement SN 1,105, a gold-flashed brass movement with a helical hairspring. In the period between 1862 and 1868, the same Boston firm damaskeened approximately 400 Model 1862-N (Series III) gold-flashed movements as well, and about 140 nickel-plated brass movements then were so decorated between 1868 and 1870. Howard used damaskeening in this period to draw the viewer's eye to the Reed's patented main wheel, an important technical feature of the watches. Damaskeening was first used in America on solid nickel movements in 1867 by the U.S. Watch Co of Marion, NJ. In 1868–69, the American Watch Company of Waltham, MA employed damaskeening on small numbers of top grade nickel Model 16KW (a.k.a., Model 1860) and nickel Model 1868 movements. Damaskeening then quickly spread to most other American watch manufacturers and watch grades.

Two-tone damaskeening can be created by applying a thin plating of gold and then having the damaskeening scrape through the gold outer layer and into the nickel plate.

In 2022, the Swiss machine manufacturer SwissKH, which comes from Swiss Know-How, presented its new machine for making this old decor: the Angelo machine.

References
 A Study of E. Howard & Co Watchmaking Innovations, 1858 - 1875, by Clint B. Geller, NAWCC BULLETIN Special Order Supplement #6 (2006), 

 American Watchmaking, A Technical History of the American Watch Industry, 1850 - 1930, by Michael C. Harrold, NAWCC BULLETIN Supplement (1984)
  
 Complete Price Guide to Watches, by Cooksey Shugart, Tom Engle, Richard E. Gilbert, Edition 1998 (18th ed), 

Watches
Timekeeping components
Water SA. Water SA publishes refereed, original work in all branches of water science, technology and engineering. This includes water resources development; the hydrological cycle; surface hydrology; geohydrology and hydrometeorology; limnology; salinisation; treatment and management of municipal and industrial water and wastewater; treatment and disposal of sewage sludge; environmental pollution control; water quality and treatment; aquaculture in terms of its impact on the water resource; agricultural water science; etc.

References

Academic journals established in 1975
Hydrology journals
List of Sikorsky H-19 operators. The following are operators of the Sikorsky H-19 Chickasaw and Westland Whirlwind helicopters. This helicopter was operated globally with many operators military in the late 20th century.

Sikorsky H-19 operators

Military

Argentina
Argentine Air Force
Argentine Navy

Belgium
Belgian Air Force

Cambodia
Khmer Royal Aviation (AVRK)

Canada
Royal Canadian Air Force
Royal Canadian Navy

Democratic Republic of the Congo
Congolaise Government

Chile
Chilean Air Force

Cuba

Revolutionary Armed Forces

Dominican Republic
Dominican Air Force

Denmark
Danish Air Force

France
French Air Force

Greece
Hellenic Air Force

Guatemala
Guatemalan Air Force

Haiti
Haitian Air Force

Honduras
Honduran Air Force

Israel
Israeli Air Force

Italy
Italian Air Force

Japan
Japan Air Self-Defense Force
Japan Ground Self-Defense Force
Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force

Katanga
Katangese Air Force

Kingdom of Laos
Royal Lao Air Force

Netherlands
Royal Netherlands Navy

Norway
Norwegian Navy

Pakistan
Pakistan Air Force
Pakistan Army

Philippines
Philippines Air Force

Portugal
Portuguese Air Force

South Vietnam
Republic of Vietnam Air Force

Spain
Spanish Air Force

Republic of China
Republic of China Air Force
Air Rescue Group

Thailand
Royal Thai Air Force

Turkey
Turkish Air Force

United States
United States Army
United States Air Force
United States Marine Corps
United States Navy
United States Coast Guard

Venezuela
Venezuelan Air Force

Historical

India
Indian Air Force

Civil

Belgium
Sabena

United States
New York Airways
Los Angeles Airways

Westland Whirlwind operators

Military

Austria
Austrian Air Force

Brazil
Brazilian Air Force
Brazilian Navy

Brunei
Brunei Air Force

France
French Navy

Ghana
Ghana Air Force

Iran
Imperial Iranian Air Force

Italy
Italian Air Force

Kuwait
Kuwait Air Force

Nigeria
Nigerian Air Force

Qatar
Qatar Air Force

United Kingdom
Royal Air Force

Royal Navy

Yugoslavia
SFR Yugoslav Air Force
783rd Helicopter Squadron

Civil

United Kingdom
 Bristow Helicopters
 British European Airways

See also 
 Sikorsky H-19 Chickasaw
 Westland Whirlwind

Notes

References 
 James, Derek M. Westland Aircraft since 1915. London: Putnam Aeronautical Books, 1991. .

External links

 Igor I. Sikorsky Historical Archives website - SIKORSKY PRODUCT HISTORY - S-55 (accessed 2018-05-27)

H-19
Mapping the Atari. Mapping the Atari, written by Ian Chadwick and published by  COMPUTE! Publications in 1983, is an address-by-address explanation of the memory layout of the Atari 8-bit computers. The introduction is by Optimized Systems Software co-founder Bill Wilkinson.

The book covers the 64K address space of the system's 6502 processor from low to high, including addresses used by the operating system or mapped to hardware registers, as well as how to use them. For example, location 756 (2F4) CHBAS contains the starting memory address that tells ANTIC where to find the character set. The author explains how to use this feature to build custom character sets.

An updated version covering changes to the operating system and newer machines like the 130XE followed in 1985. Antic magazine serialized the book in 1989 and 1990.

Reception
The Addison-Wesley Book of Atari Software 1984 recommended Mapping the Atari, calling it "the most valuable reference book for machine language programmers". Antic introduced the serialized version of the book as follows:

References

External links

1983 non-fiction books
Atari 8-bit computers
Computer books
Molekel. Molekel is a free software multiplatform molecular visualization program. It was originally developed at the University of Geneva by Peter F. Flükiger in the 1990s for Silicon Graphics Computers. In 1998, Stefan Portmann took over responsibility and released Version 3.0. Version 4.0 was a nearly platform independent version. Further developments lead to version 4.3, before Stefan Portmann moved on and ceased to develop the codes. In 2006, the Swiss National Supercomputing Centre (CSCS) restarted the project and version 5.0 was released on 21 December 2006.

Molekel uses VTK and Qwt and therefore as well Qt.

Major features
 Visualization of residues (ribbon or schematic)
 Complete control over the generation of molecular surfaces (bounding box and resolution)
 Visualization of the following surfaces:
 orbitals
 Isosurface from electron density data
 Isosurface from Gaussian cube grid data
 Solvent-accessible surface (SAS)
 Solvent excluded surface (SES)
 Van der Waals radii
 Animation of molecular surfaces
 Export to PostScript or TIFF

See also

 Gabedit
 List of molecular graphics systems
 Molden
 Molecular graphics
 Software for molecular mechanics modeling
 SAMSON
List of free and open-source software packages

References

External links
 Molekel home page

Chemistry software for Linux
Free chemistry software
Molecular modelling software
Science software that uses Qt
Software that uses VTK
Janney (automobile). The Janney was a brass era automobile assembled in Flint, Michigan by the Janney Motor Company in 1906.

History
The eponymous Mr. Janney, who some historical accounts identify as E. Stanton Janney, a naval armaments engineer who had assisted in creating large coastal defense guns, was caught up in the enthusiasm of building a car at the turn of the 20th Century and decided to compete. 

The Janney automobile offered a four-cylinder engine that was a break from the many one- and two-cylinder engine vehicles produced at the time, and caught the attention of William C. Durant.  The Janney Motor Company was set up in the old Buick plant in Flint, Michigan.  Two prototypes and four production versions were built before the company was absorbed by Buick. 

The Janney was later redesigned, adding the overhead valve architecture perfected by Walter Marr and Enos Anson DeWaters, who had previously worked for the Thomas Motor Company and Cadillac before joining Buick in 1904.  Together they introduced the 1908 Buick Model 10 as a competitor to the Ford Model T.

References

Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States
Motor vehicle manufacturers based in Michigan
Defunct manufacturing companies based in Michigan
Brass Era vehicles
1900s cars
Cars introduced in 1906
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1906
Vehicle manufacturing companies disestablished in 1907
Cars discontinued in 1906
Swearingen. Swearingen may refer to:

Swearingen Aircraft, or one of several aircraft manufactured by this company and its successors, including:
Swearingen Merlin, a twin turboprop business aircraft
Fairchild Swearingen Metroliner, a twin turboprop airliner
Sino Swearingen SJ30-2, a business jet
Other aircraft bearing the Swearingen name:
 Swearingen SX-300, a homebuilt aircraft kit
 John J. Swearingen House, a historic home in Bartow, Florida
 Van Swearingen-Shepherd House, a historic mansion in Shepherdstown, West Virginia

People with the surname
Ed Swearingen (1925–2014), American aeronautical engineer
Ellis Alfred Swearingen (1845–1904), also known as Al Swearengen, American pimp and saloon owner
Fred Swearingen, American official in American football
Henry Swearingen (1790s–1849), American politician from Ohio
James Swearingen, American composer
Judson S. Swearingen (1907–1999), American entrepreneur and inventor
Ken Swearingen (born ), American college football player and coach
Leroy Swearingen,  American musician, member of The Stereos
M. Wesley Swearingen (1927–2019), American law enforcement agent and writer
Rob Swearingen (born 1963), American businessman and politician
Terri Swearingen, American nurse
Thomas Van Swearingen (1784–1822), American politician from Virginia
Victor C. Swearingen, American judge, alternate judge in the Doctors' trial
Lucien Servanty. Lucien Servanty (born in 1909 in Paris, died 7 October 1973 in Toulouse) was a French aeronautical engineer. A graduate from the Ecole des Arts et Métiers, he joined Breguet in 1937, then worked at the SNCASO, where he was involved in the redesign of late variants of the Bloch MB.150 line. During World War II, he designed the SO.6000 Triton, France's first jet aircraft. But Lucien Servanty is probably best remembered today for being one of the main engineers behind Concorde (fastest general, public usage plane ever produced).

Sources
http://pdennez.free.fr/hommes/html/h031a.html

Concorde
French aerospace engineers
1973 deaths
1909 births
Enhanced Position Location Reporting System. The Enhanced Position Location Reporting System (EPLRS) is a secure, jam-resistant, computer-controlled communications network that distributes near real-time tactical information, generally integrated into radio sets, and coordinated by a Network Control Station. It is primarily used for data distribution, position location, and reporting. It enhances command and control of tactical units by providing commanders with the location of friendly units. It was first fielded by the US Army in 1987.

EPLRS is a Time Division Multiple Access System that uses a frequency hopping, spread spectrum waveform in the UHF band. It incorporates the Thornton family of COMSEC devices, and has the capability for Over the Air Rekeying (OTAR). EPLRS uses the Army Data Distribution System version of the X.25 CCITT and IEEE 802.3 protocols to interface with Army Tactical Command and Control System (ATCCS).

Situation Awareness Data Link (SADL), installed on USAF F-16 and A-10 fighters, coordinates with EPLRS for ground support missions.

Network Control Station
Each network is controlled by a Network Control Station (NCS), AN/TSQ-158. These have gone through several iterations.

First Gen
1 AN/UYK-7 computer
3 AN/UYK-20 computers

Second Gen
1 AN/UYK-7 computer
3 AN/UYK-44(V) computers

Third Gen
Downsized version to fit in HMMWV, first fielded in 1991. Dimensions: 8.5'x7'x6', 4000 lbs
1 AN/UYK-44(V) Enhanced Processor (EP) computer

Fourth Gen
The AN/TSQ-158(V)4 is produced by Raytheon. Housed in a HMMWV replacing the AN/UYK-44 computer with a Toughbook laptop computer. Data is displayed through the FBCB2 platform.

See also

List of military electronics of the United States

References

Military electronics of the United States
Aerial warfare ground equipment
Avia BH-12. 
The Avia BH-12 was a two-seat sport aircraft built in Czechoslovakia in 1924, the final development of the Avia BH-9 family that had its roots in Avia's first aircraft design, the BH-1. It was a low-wing, braced monoplane intended for sports flying, and featured a redesigned wing that could be folded to allow the aircraft to be towed by road. The wing pivoted around its spar and then folded back, flat against the fuselage sides.

Specifications

See also

References

 
 
 Němeček, V. (1968). Československá letadla. Praha: Naše Vojsko.

1920s Czechoslovak sport aircraft
BH-12
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1924
BWL. The acronym BWL means:

U.S. Army Biological Warfare Laboratories
British Workers League
Birch Wathen Lenox School in New York City
Lambert, W. G., Babylonian Wisdom Literature, sometimes cited in academic papers on the Book of Job
ICAO airline code for defunct airline British World Airlines
IBM Blueworks Live - a business process modelling tool sold by IBM
Lansing Board of Water & Light, public utility in Lansing, Michigan
The Batman Who Laughs, fictional DC supervillain
Mokelumne River Fish Hatchery. The Mokelumne River River Fish Hatchery is a fish hatchery in San Joaquin County, California, built in 1963 by the East Bay Municipal Utility District (EBMUD).

History
The hatchery was built in 1963 to offset the loss of fish spawning habitat due to the construction of Camanche Dam.

From 1987 to 1992, there was a drought in the area.  Low flows and a series of fish kills reduced the Mokelumne River steelhead run during the 1980s.

In response, EBMUD implemented several programs to improve water quality, flow regimes, and physical habitat in the lower Mokelumne River.  The hatchery was remodeled in July 2002, enlarging the rearing space to promote fish health and fish survival rates while also making hatchery operations more efficient.

Since then, the Lower Mokelumme River Fishery Resource has thrived, as evidenced by counts of fall-run Chinook salmon escapement or returning salmon.  Returning salmon increased by 3,028 from 1998 to 2003.

Access
The hatchery is owned by EBUMD and operated by the California Department of Fish and Game and is open every day (including holidays) from 7:00 am to 3:00;pm.

It is located in northeast San Joaquin County, California at the base of the Camanche Dam and is reached by taking McIntire Road north from State Route 12.

A limited number of educational tours are provided for schools and other organized groups.  The topics covered by the tour are: the biology of Chinook salmon and Steelhead trout, the purpose and operations of the hatchery, and the importance of conserving river watersheds.  Casual visitors may take a self-guided tour.

The hatchery is also a popular destination for fishing, wildlife watching, and hiking.

All trails at the hatchery are paved and wheelchair accessible.

References
 Dan Bacher
 California Department of Fish and Game
 The Lodi News Sentinel

External links
 EBMUD
 The Fish Sniffer Online 
 www.lodinews.com

Fish hatcheries in the United States
Mokelumne River
Agricultural buildings and structures in California
Buildings and structures in San Joaquin County, California
East Bay Municipal Utility District
Education in San Joaquin County, California
Tourist attractions in San Joaquin County, California