omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Aeros Vitamin. The Aeros Vitamin is a Ukrainian single-place, paraglider, designed and produced by Aeros of Kyiv.

Design and development
The Vitamin was intended as a beginner paraglider for flight training and local flying. Some sizes were AFNOR certified as "standard".  The Vitamin variant number indicates the wing area in square metres. The original Vitamin design was in production in 2003 in sizes 27, 30 and 32, but is no longer available, having been replaced by the improved Vitamin 2. The Vitamin 2 offers the same sizes, with the addition of the smaller 25 for lighter pilots.

The Vitamin 2 is constructed from Gelvenor OLKS fabric for the wing's top surface and Porcher Skytex medium finish for the bottom surface, with the ribs made from Porcher Skytex hard finish. The lines are made from Cousin Trestec Aramide.

Variants
Vitamin 27
Circa 2003 version with a  span wing, an area of , an aspect ratio of 4.81:1 and a maximum speed of . Pilot weight range is .
Vitamin 30
Circa 2003 version with a  span wing, an area of , an aspect ratio of 4.81:1 and a maximum speed of . Pilot weight range is .
Vitamin 32
Circa 2003 version with a  span wing, an area of , an aspect ratio of 4.81:1 and a maximum speed of . Pilot weight range is . AFNOR certified.
Vitamin 2 25
Version in production in 2012, with a  span wing, an area of , with 39 cells and an aspect ratio of 4.81:1. Take-off weight range is .
Vitamin 2 27
Version in production in 2012, with a  span wing, an area of , with 39 cells and an aspect ratio of 4.81:1. Take-off weight range is . AFNOR certified.
Vitamin 2 30
Version in production in 2012, with a  span wing, an area of , with 39 cells and an aspect ratio of 4.81:1. Take-off weight range is . AFNOR certified.
Vitamin 2 32
Version in production in 2012, with a  span wing, an area of , with 39 cells and an aspect ratio of 4.81:1. Take-off weight range is . AFNOR certified.

Specifications (Vitamin 27)

References

External links

Official website

Paragliders
Vitamin
Crystallography Open Database. The Crystallography Open Database (COD) is a database of crystal structures. Unlike similar crystallographic databases, the database is entirely open-access, with registered users able to contribute published and unpublished structures of small molecules and small to medium-sized unit cell crystals to the database. As of November 2024, the database has more than 520,000 entries. The database has various contributors, and contains Crystallographic Information Files as defined by the International Union of Crystallography (IUCr). There are currently five sites worldwide that mirror this database. The 3D structures of compounds can be converted to input files for 3D printers.

See also
 Crystallography
 Crystallographic database

References

External links
 https://www.crystallography.net
 http://cod.ibt.lt/
 https://archive.today/20130714225104/http://cod.ensicaen.fr/
 https://qiserver.ugr.es/cod/
 http://nanocrystallography.research.pdx.edu/search/codmirror/
 https://nanocrystallography.research.pdx.edu
 https://crystallography.io/

Crystallographic databases
Howard D. Eberhart. Howard Davis Eberhart (August 16, 1906 – July 18, 1993) was an American engineer noted for his design of artificial limbs and other prosthetic devices.

Professor Eberhart was chairman of the Department of Civil Engineering at University of California, Berkeley and a member of the National Academy of Engineering.
The University of California called Eberhart "one of UC Berkeley's most highly respected and acclaimed teachers in civil engineering, and a pioneer of research in artificial limbs".
In 1977 Howard was elected to the National Academy of Engineering "for pioneering studies of human locomotion, application of structural engineering to prosthetic devices, and leadership of interdisciplinary engineering research."

Chronology 
 1906 born August 16 in Lima, Ohio
 1929:B.S. degree in architecture, the University of Oregon
 1935: M.S. degree in civil engineering, Oregon State College in Corvallis
 1936: instructor, the University of California, Berkeley
 1948: full professor of civil engineering, the University of California, Berkeley
 1959-1963 and 1971-1974: chairman of the Department of Civil Engineering, the University of California, Berkeley
 1974: retired from UC Berkeley

References 

1906 births
1993 deaths
Engineers from Ohio
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
People from Lima, Ohio
University of Oregon alumni
Oregon State University alumni
UC Berkeley College of Engineering faculty
20th-century American engineers
Wibault 360. 

The Wibault 360 was a 1930s French five-passenger airliner designed and built by the Wibault company.

Design and development
The Wibault 360 was a low-wing monoplane powered by a  Salmson 9Ab radial engine and equipped with conventional landing gear. The design was based on the earlier three-engined Wibault 283 but the 360 was smaller and had an enclosed cabin for a pilot and five passengers. The prototype, designated the 360T5, first flew in August 1931. A number of variants were built with different engines, the last of the series was the Wib.366 designed to compete in the 1934 London to Melbourne air race.

Variants
360T5
Prototype with a  Salmson 9Ab radial engine, one built.
362 
Variant powered by a  Gnome-Rhône 7Kb engine, two built in 1933.
365
Six-seat variant powered by a  Gnome-Rhône 9Kbrs radial engine, one built in 1933.
366
Variant for the MacRobertson Air Race powered by a  Hispano-Suiza 12Ybrs engine, it had a cruising speed of 250 km/h (155 mph), it did not take part in the race.
367
The Wibault 365 modified with a retractable landing gear.

Specifications (360 T.5)

References

Notes

Bibliography

1930s French airliners
Wib 360
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1931
Esmond Gibson. Esmond Allen Gibson  (7 August 1896–17 March 1981) was a New Zealand civil engineer and aviation administrator. He was born in Wellington, New Zealand, on 7 August 1896.

Always known as ‘Gibby’, he obtained his commercial pilots licence in 1934 and joined the New Zealand Territorial Air Force in 1937 and commanded 2 Squadron until he transferred to the Director of Works, HQ, of the Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) from 4 September 1939 attaining the rank of wing commander. He was responsible for the development of airfields in New Zealand and a number of Pacific Islands. On his retirement from the RNZAF in 1947, he was appointed the first Director of Civil of Aviation in New Zealand and, among other things, actively supported the development of aerial topdressing in New Zealand until he retired in 1957.

In the 1943 New Year Honours, Gibson was appointed an additional Officer of the Order of the British Empire (Military Division). In 1953, he was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal. In the 1978 New Year Honours, he was promoted to Commander of the Order of the British Empire, for services to civil aviation.

The EA Gibson Award was established in his memory by the New Zealand division of the Royal Aeronautical Society to acknowledge substantial technical achievement in the field of agricultural aviation.

References

1896 births
1981 deaths
New Zealand civil engineers
People from Wellington City
New Zealand Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
New Zealand public servants
Royal New Zealand Air Force personnel
New Zealand military personnel of World War II
Robert J. Linhardt. Robert J. Linhardt is the Ann and John Broadbent, Jr. '59 Senior Constellation Professor Biocatalysis & Metabolic Engineering at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.

His primary appointment at RPI is based in the Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, consisting of joint appointments with the Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Biology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Rensselaer Nanotechnology Center. He is highly cited in his field, with over 100 papers having each over 100 citations.

Prior to joining RPI in 2003, he was then a professor for 21 years at the University of Iowa.  During his career in Iowa, he spent eight years as the F. Wendell Miller Distinguished Professor of Chemistry and ten years as a member of the executive committee of the Center for Biocatalysis & Bioprocessing. Since 2008 Linhardt's group has been working on a collaboration to bioengineer Heparin from E. coli.  This is in part a response to the outbreak of adverse heparin reactions in 2007.  This work helped earn him a spot in the Scientific American 10, for the 10 people who “demonstrated outstanding commitment to assuring that the benefits of new technologies and knowledge will accrue to humanity.” He was the 2010 recipient of the Melville L. Wolfrom Award of the American Chemical Society.

Professor Robert Linhardt died at his NYC home on January 5, 2025.

References

External links

 Linhardt Group Page
 School of Science Faculty Profile
 School of Engineering Faculty Profile

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute faculty
American bioengineers
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Johns Hopkins University alumni
Marquette University alumni
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
University of Iowa faculty
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
20th-century American engineers
21st-century American engineers
Aeros-2. The Aeros-2 is a Ukrainian ultralight trike, designed and produced by Aeros of Kyiv. The aircraft is supplied as a complete ready-to-fly aircraft or as kit for amateur construction.

In the United States the design is marketed as the Venture and Velocity.

Design and development
Developed from the earlier Aeros-1, the Aeros-2 features a cable-braced hang glider-style high-wing, weight-shift controls, a two-seats-in-tandem open cockpit, tricycle landing gear and a single engine in pusher configuration.

The aircraft is made from square tubing, with its wing covered in Dacron sailcloth. Its  span wing is supported by a single tube-type kingpost and uses an "A" frame control bar. The occupants are housed in streamlined fibreglass cockpit fairing. Engines available include the twin cylinder, two-stroke, liquid-cooled  Rotax 582 and the four cylinder four-stroke  Rotax 912UL and  912ULS. Engine mounts for BMW and Subaru engines are also available. Available wings to be mated to the carriage are the Aeros Profi, Aeros Stranger, Aeros Stream and Aeros Still. The wing-mounting pylon is foldable, allowing the wing to be installed by one person. Floats and ski landing gear are optional.

Variants
Venture 500
Aeros-2 equipped with the Rotax 503 for the US market.
Venture 600
Aeros-2 equipped with the Rotax 582 for the US market.

Specifications (Aeros-2 912)

References

External links

1990s Ukrainian ultralight aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Ultralight trikes
2
Graham Building (Bangor, Maine). The Graham Building (built 1911) is a yellow-brick Romanesque Revival style commercial building in downtown Bangor, Maine, at the corner of Harlow and Central Streets.  It is one of the most prominent buildings in the Great Fire of 1911 Historic District, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Designed by architect Wilfred E. Mansur, the building was commissioned by John R. Graham (1847–1915), president of the Bangor Hydro-Electric Company, formerly the Bangor Railway and Electric Company. Graham was largely responsible for managing Bangor's turn-of-the-century transition from lumber port to light industrial center through the provision of cheap electricity from dams across the Union River in Ellsworth, Maine and the Penobscot River at Veazie, Maine.  Bangor was the first city in New England (and one of the first in the United States) with an electric street railroad system, thanks to an earlier local businessman, Francis Clergue, who went on to build one of North America's greatest hydro-power centers at Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. Graham came to consolidate and manage Bangor's electrical utilities through his connections to the General Electric Corporation, which held a number of local investments.

The Graham Building was one of the first to be commissioned and finished following the disastrous Great Fire of 1911 which destroyed half of Bangor's commercial district.  It stands six stories tall, and is built of yellow pressed brick with a metal cornice. It originally housed the offices of the Bangor Hydro-Electric Company and the Bangor and Aroostook Railroad, among others.  The first story once housed the Post Office Pharmacy, and is currently occupied by a curated retail store, The Willie Wags, while the Central Street entrance is housed by 98 Wake N' Shake.  The upper floors of the building are occupied by the owners of the building, Rudman Winchell, Counselors at Law.

A previous Graham Building, also named for John R. Graham, was located on an adjacent lot on Central Street, and was destroyed in the 1911 fire.

References

Buildings and structures completed in 1911
Buildings and structures in Bangor, Maine
Romanesque Revival architecture in Maine
Historic district contributing properties in Maine
Bangor and Aroostook Railroad
National Register of Historic Places in Bangor, Maine
Commercial buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Maine
1911 establishments in Maine
West Qinling Tunnel. The West Qinling Tunnel () is in the middle of the Lanzhou–Chongqing railway (), crossing the Qinling. It is a 28236 metre dual-bore railway tunnel in Wudu District, Longnan City, Gansu, north-west China. It is the second longest railway tunnel in China, slightly shorter than the New Guanjiao Tunnel. The construction started in August 2008, and went on for a duration of about five months and five years using both Tunnel boring machines (TBM) and drill and blast methods.

References

Railway tunnels in China
Transport in Gansu
Buildings and structures in Gansu
Tunnels completed in 2016
Allan of Rotterdam. Allan & Co was a former railway rolling stock and tram manufacturer based in Rotterdam, Netherlands. The full name of the company (in Dutch) was Allan & Co´s Koninklijke Nederlandsche Fabrieken van Meubelen en Spoorwegmaterieel N.V. The company ceased business in 1959.

The company was founded in 1839 and started as a furniture maker. The first trams were built in 1902 and the first railway carriages in 1910. Allan went on to become a major supplier to the Netherlands Railways, including the Plan X Blue Angel diesel trains. The company also built rolling stock for export, such as the Class 0300 railcars for the Portuguese Railways.

References

Rolling stock manufacturers of the Netherlands
Aeros Cross Country. The Aeros Cross Country, sometimes called the Aeros Cross-Country, is a Ukrainian ultralight trike, designed and produced by Aeros of Kyiv. The aircraft is supplied as a complete ready-to-fly aircraft or as kit for amateur construction.

Design and development
Intended as a more basic model than the Aeros-2 for off-airport use, the Cross Country features a cable-braced hang glider-style high-wing, weight-shift controls, a two-seats-in-tandem open cockpit, tricycle landing gear and a single engine in pusher configuration.

The aircraft is made from tubing, with its wing covered in Dacron sailcloth. Its  span wing is supported by a single tube-type kingpost and uses an "A" frame control bar. Unlike the Aeros-2 the Cross Country does not have a cockpit fairing and sports heavy duty main wheel suspension for rough fields.

Engines available include the twin cylinder, two-stroke, air-cooled  Rotax 503, the liquid-cooled  Rotax 582, the four cylinder four-stroke  Rotax 912UL and  912ULS or the certified 912A or S. The BMW K-1100 ULS powerplant is also optional. Available wings to be mated to the carriage are the Aeros Profi, Aeros Stranger, Aeros Stream and Aeros Still.

An aerial application kit to allow crop spraying was available as an option.

Specifications (Cross Country 912)

References

External links

1990s Ukrainian ultralight aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Ultralight trikes
Cross Country
Pat Entrican. Alexander Robert Entrican  (28 January 1898 – 21 April 1965), commonly known as Pat Entrican, was a New Zealand civil engineer and forestry administrator. He was born in Devonport, Auckland, New Zealand, on 28 January 1898.

In 1953, Entrican was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal. In the 1955 Queen's Birthday Honours, he was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire.

References

1898 births
1965 deaths
New Zealand foresters
New Zealand Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
New Zealand civil engineers
20th-century New Zealand engineers
People from Auckland
Pat
PWS-35 Ogar. The PWS-35 Ogar () was a two-seat, aerobatic training biplane that was designed by Kazimierz Nowicki, Marian Piątka and Michał Rosnowski at the Politechnika Lwowska in 1935/1936.

Design and development
The aircraft was designed by three young scientists at the Lvov University of Technology ("Polytechnic") as their thesis. The designers initially planned to build a single aircraft (designated as the NPR-1, after the initials of the design team's members), but in 1937 the Podlaska Wytwórnia Samolotów became interested in their design and hired professional designers to modify it to fit the needs of the Polish Air Force. At the time the PAF was looking for an advanced trainer and it was decided that Ogar would be perfect for that role.

The prototype was completed in 1937 and in early 1938 underwent static tests. In the summer of 1938 it was successfully test-flown by S. Szubka. The first prototype, equipped with a de Havilland Gipsy Major engine, was heavier than anticipated and as a result the aircraft had poor stall characteristics and stability issues. By the end of the summer a second prototype, with an enlarged vertical stabilizer and a stronger PZInż. Major engine was completed and sent to the Institute of Aviation in Warsaw for further tests. Michał Rosnowski designed further modifications and the aircraft was scheduled to enter serial production in late 1938, however, numerous problems with handling and weight and balance postponed the start of serial production until late 1939. Out of the initial order of 150, 50 were finally ordered in the summer of 1939. Out of the first batch of 17 airframes started in July 1939, none were delivered to the Polish Air Force by the invasion of Poland. The first prototype was provided to the air force but was destroyed near Lubartów shortly afterwards. The other prototype was destroyed in an air raid on Warsaw's Okęcie Airport.

The aircraft was powered by a four-cylinder PZInż. Major 4 engine, with .

Variants
PWS-35/I
First prototype.
PWS-35/II
Second prototype.

Specifications (PWS-35/II)

References

1930s Polish sport aircraft
PWS aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1938
Biplanes
Lawrence R. Hafstad. Lawrence Randolph Hafstad (June 18, 1904 – October 12, 1993) was an American electrical engineer and physicist notable for his pioneering work on nuclear reactors and development of proximity fuzes. In 1939, he created the first nuclear fission reaction in the United States.

Biography
Hafstad was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He was the son of two Norwegian immigrants. He attended the University of Minnesota, graduating in electrical engineering in 1926.  He had begun working with the Carnegie Institution for Science from 1928. In 1931, he earned the American Association for the Advancement of Science Prize for his research with Merle A. Tuve and Odd Dahl.

He was awarded his Ph.D. in physics at Johns Hopkins University in 1933. Between 1935 and 1939, he was a frequent participant at the Washington Conferences on Theoretical Physics sponsored by George Washington University and Carnegie Institute of Washington.
Between 1946 and 1954, he was a professor of physics at Johns Hopkins University. From 1947-1949, he was director of the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory.  During that same period, he was executive secretary of the research and development board at the Department of Defense. From 1949 to 1955, he served as director of reactor development with the United States Atomic Energy Commission. In 1955, he became a vice president at the General Motors Corporation and was chief of its research laboratories. In 1968, Hafstad was elected to the National Academy of Engineering.

Hafstad died on October 12, 1993, at his home in the Oldwick section of Tewksbury Township, New Jersey.

Honors and awards
Medal of Merit of the United States Navy (1946)
King's Medal in Defense of Freedom of the British Government   (1946)

References

External links
Merle Tuve, Lawrence Hafstad, and Odd Dahl with a cloud chamber for high voltage work in 1931

Related Reading
Castell, Lutz; Otfried Ischebeck (2013) Time, Quantum and Information (Springer Science & Business Media) 
Dahl, Per F. (2002) From Nuclear Transmutation to Nuclear Fission, 1932-1939 (CRC Press) 
Fernandez, Bernard; Georges Ripka (2012) Unravelling the Mystery of the Atomic Nucleus (Springer Science & Business Media) 
Mehra, Jagdish (2004) The Conceptual Completion and Extensions of Quantum Mechanics 1932-1941 (Springer Science & Business Media) 

1904 births
1993 deaths
20th-century American engineers
20th-century American physicists
People from Tewksbury Township, New Jersey
Scientists from Minneapolis
University of Minnesota College of Science and Engineering alumni
Johns Hopkins University alumni
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
American people of Norwegian descent
Fellows of the American Physical Society
South High School (Minnesota) alumni
Plastic forming machine. Plastic forming machines, or plastic molding machines, were developed on the basis of rubber machinery and metal die-casting machines. After the inception of the polymer injection molding process in the 1870s, plastic-forming machines were rapidly developed up until the 1930s. With the gradual commercialization of plastic molding equipment, injection molding and extrusion molding became the most common industrialized processes. Blow molding is the third-largest plastic molding method after the injection molding and extrusion blow molding methods.

Types of plastic forming machine

Plastic injection molding machine

A plastic injection molding machine injects melted plastic into a mold to make solid plastic parts.

Plastic extrusion machine

A plastic extrusion machine extrudes plastic in a continuous profile. The main machine is usually called the host, and its accompanying equipment are called the plastic auxiliary equipment. Plastic extruders can make plastic film/wrapping, packing tape, corrugated sheets, plastic lumber, pipes, tubes, insulated wire, monofilament and nets.

Plastic blow molding machine

A plastic blow molding machine inflates a preform or parison inside of a mold to form hollow parts.

Thermoforming

Thermoforming is a manufacturing process where a plastic sheet is heated to a pliable forming temperature, and stamped to a specific shape in a 2-part mold. Or a vacuum can be used to pull the plastic sheet onto the mold in a simplified process known as vacuum forming. The excess material is trimmed off and recycled.

Rotational molding

Rotational molding involves a heated hollow mold that is filled with a charge or shot weight of material. It is then slowly rotated (usually around two perpendicular axes), causing the softened material to disperse and stick to the walls of the mold forming a hollow part. In order to form an even thickness throughout the part, the mold rotates at all times during the heating phase, and then continues to rotate during the cooling phase to avoid sagging or deformation. Rotocasting is a variant of the process that uses self-curing or UV-curable resins (as opposed to thermoplastics) in an unheated mold.

See also
Mold-A-Rama

References

Plastics industry
Forming processes