omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
WHQL Testing. The Windows Hardware Certification program (formerly Windows Hardware Quality Labs Testing, WHQL Testing, or Windows Logo Testing) is Microsoft's testing process which involves running a series of tests on third-party device drivers, and then submitting the log files from these tests to Microsoft for review. The procedure may also include Microsoft running their own tests on a wide range of equipment, such as different hardware and different Microsoft Windows editions.

Overview 

Products that pass the WHQL tests get to use a "Certified for Windows" logo, which certifies that the hardware or software has had some share of testing by Microsoft to ensure compatibility. The actual logo used depends on the version of Microsoft Windows. (In the past, Microsoft also awarded a similar logo as part of a different Software Certification program to apps that passed software compatibility tests.)

For device drivers passing the WHQL tests, Microsoft creates a digitally signed certification file that, when included in the driver installation package, prevents Windows from displaying a warning message that the driver has not been certified by Microsoft.

Since June 2007, Microsoft has added an Audio Fidelity Test (Audio Precision SYS-2722-A-M) requirement for System Submissions.

A company can choose to sign their own drivers rather than go through the WHQL testing process. These drivers would not qualify for the "Certified for Windows" logos, but they would install on Windows without a warning. However, in some cases, such as drivers created after the termination of WHQL testing for a version of the operating system, the Windows operating system may refuse to start the driver and will require enabling the operating system's test mode by a command prompt to otherwise run it.

Device drivers that have passed the WHQL tests are also made available for download using Windows Update or the Microsoft Update Catalog. Not all of the drivers in Windows Update are up to date. On Windows XP, when Windows detects a new device for which it does not have built-in drivers, it shows a Found New Hardware Wizard dialog box. Microsoft has since dismantled this dialog box, but one way to avoid it on Windows XP was to pre-install a WHQL-certified driver before connecting the device.

Since 7 January 2014, Microsoft no longer requires a WHQL testing fee, which used to be US$250 per operating system family. This fee covered both x86 and x64 driver SKUs, if submitted simultaneously, and was non-refundable. The fee did not include other expenses, such as the Windows license necessary for running WHQL tests, and the VeriSign certificate necessary for submitting test results.

See also
Windows Hardware Lab Kit (WHLK)
Windows Hardware Certification Kit (WHCK)

References

External links
Windows Hardware Developer Center (WHDC)

Microsoft certification
Device drivers
Advance ship notice. An advance ship notice or advance shipping notice (ASN) is a notification of pending and upcoming deliveries matched to the prior provided packing list.  It is usually sent in an electronic format and is a common EDI document.  In the EDI X12 system, it is known as the EDI 856 document and the EDIFACT equivalent is the DESADV (Dispatch Advice) message.  The ASN can be used to list the contents of a shipment of goods as well as additional information relating to the shipment, such as order information, product description, physical characteristics, type of packaging, markings, carrier information, and configuration of goods within the transportation equipment. The ASN enables the sender to describe the contents and configuration of a shipment in various levels of detail and provides an ordered flexibility to convey information.

The ASN is noteworthy in the way that it is a new concept in logistics, enabled by the advance of modern communication methods.  Although it provides information similar to the Bill of lading, its function is very different.  While the Bill of lading is meant to accompany a load on its path, the goal of the ASN is to provide information to the destination's receiving operations well in advance of the delivery.  This tends to impact the logistics stream in three areas: cost, accuracy, and flexibility.  

Cost:  Modern receiving operations rarely have time to break down a shipping unit (carton or pallet) and identify its components, depending instead on quick scans of barcodes on shipping labels.  An ASN can provide a list of all of the barcoded ID numbers of the shipping units and the contents of each.  Receiving costs are thought to be reduced by about 40%. 

Accuracy:  Upon receipt of the ASN, the receiver is immediately informed of any difference between what was expected, and what has actually been shipped.

Flexibility:  Knowing the actual fill rates of the orders gives the receiver the opportunity to re-allocate goods in subsequent shipments.

ASN and finance: The ASN can be used to pay suppliers directly for goods received. This can be accomplished by receiving the ASN into the company computer system (ERP), printing company labels for each container received, affixing the labels on the containers, and then transmitting any discrepancies to the supplier via EDI.

References and notes 

 
 

Electronic data interchange
Benedict–Webb–Rubin equation. The Benedict–Webb–Rubin equation (BWR), named after Manson Benedict, G. B. Webb, and L. C. Rubin, is an equation of state used in fluid dynamics. Working at the research laboratory of the M. W. Kellogg Company, the three researchers rearranged the Beattie–Bridgeman equation of state and increased the number of experimentally determined constants to eight.

The original BWR equation

,
where  is the molar density.

The BWRS equation of state
A modification of the Benedict–Webb–Rubin equation of state by Professor Kenneth E. Starling of the University of Oklahoma:

,

where  is the molar density. The 11 mixture parameters (, , etc.) are calculated using the following relations

where  and  are indices for the components, and the summations go over all components. , , etc. are the parameters for the pure components for the th component,  is the mole fraction of the th component, and  is an interaction parameter.

Values of the various parameters for 15 substances can be found in Starling's Fluid Properties for Light Petroleum Systems..

The modified BWR equation (mBWR)

A further modification of the Benedict–Webb–Rubin equation of state by Jacobsen and Stewart:

where:

The mBWR equation subsequently evolved into a 32 term version (Younglove and Ely, 1987) with numerical parameters determined by fitting the equation to empirical data for a reference fluid.  Other fluids then are described by using reduced variables for temperature and density.

See also
 Real gas

References

Further reading

.

Equations of fluid dynamics
Metropolitan Railway F Class. The Metropolitan Railway F class was a class of 0-6-2T side tank steam locomotive. They were based on the earlier E Class. Four locomotives, numbered 90 to 93 were built by Yorkshire Engine Company in 1901. They were later numbered L49 to L52.

Service
The F Class were intended to work freight trains over the Metropolitan Railway mainline.

Withdrawal
All remained with London Transport until they were withdrawn and scrapped between 1957 and 1962. L52 was planned to be preserved by the Met Tank Appeal Fund but when it was found that the engine had a cracked mainframe, Metropolitan Railway E Class No.1 Was Chosen instead for preservation. Which lead to L52 being scrapped and No members of the F class being around today.

References

External links 
 http://www.railwayarchive.org.uk/stories/pages.php?enum=LE130&pnum=14&maxp=18
 another photo

F
0-6-2T locomotives
YEC locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1901
Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain
Freight locomotives

Scrapped locomotives
Carlos Glidden. Carlos Glidden (November 8, 1834 – March 11, 1877), along with Christopher Sholes, Frank Haven Hall, and Samuel W. Soule, invented the first practical typewriter at a machine shop in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, US. He kept on improving the typewriter until he died.

References

1834 births
1877 deaths
19th-century American inventors
Typewriters
Engineers from Milwaukee
MacWorks XL. MacWorks XL is an Apple Lisa computer program which shipped with the Macintosh XL. It allows 64K Apple Macintosh ROM emulation so the Macintosh XL can run classic Mac OS programs.

History
Soon after the debut of the Macintosh, which sold over 50,000 units in the first 100 days compared to only a few thousand Lisas during its entire first year, it became clear to Apple that the Lisa (then Lisa 2/10) would benefit from the ability to run the Macintosh system software as well as reduce the development platform resources required to maintain two separate operating systems. 

In April 1984, Apple introduced MacWorks v1.0 for the Lisa. Essentially it allowed the Lisa to run a Macintosh environment from a floppy disk, but did not support a hard disk environment. By the fall, Apple had introduced versions 2.0 & 3.0 which allowed MacWorks to run from the Lisa's internal Widget or attached ProFile hard disk. With the introduction of the re-branded Macintosh XL in January 1985, MacWorks was likewise renamed for the release.

Features
MacWorks XL shipped on two diskettes. The first booted the Lisa into the Mac OS bootloader. When that process completed, the system displayed an entirely white screen, ejected the first disk, and displayed the usual blinking question mark (with a Macintosh XL graphic below it) to indicate that a boot volume (the second disk) was needed. With this disk, titled the "MacWorks XL System Disk", the Lisa would boot Macintosh System 5.

When the Lisa was discontinued, Sun Remarketing continued development of the MacWorks environment under license up to the release of MacWorks Plus 1.1 (which supports System Software 6). Dafax Processing Corp. with the assistance of Query Engineering, Inc. then further developed the environment to MacWorks Plus II which will support up to System 7.5 along with all other late model Motorola 68000-based Macs.

Timeline of Macintosh operating systems

References

External links
Lisa Emulator supports MacWorks

Apple Inc. software
Crawler (BEAM). In BEAM robotics, a crawler is a robot that has a mode of locomotion by tracks or by transferring the robot's body on limbs or appendages. These do not drag parts of their body on the ground.

In the original paper "living machines" from 1995, two types of robots were introduced which was the Walkman (a simple crawler) and Spyder, which is a more elaborated legged robot. The difference between a walker and a crawler is, that the crawler is more primitive. It has robot legs and can move forward on the carpet but the legs don't have dedicated joints for articulated movements. Instead they are mounted directly on the robot's base.

The design of a crawler robot isn't specified in detail and each robot engineer is allowed to build their own version. Sometimes, crawling robots are equipped with dedicated microcontrollers plus a radio controlled chipset while in other implementations a minimalist approach is used. What all these robots have in common is, that they are following the philosophy of Biology, Electronics, Aesthetics and Mechanics which is about imitating biological bugs.

A possible alternative control over teleoperation is a nv network which is a specialized form of a central pattern generator. This is a pseudorandom number generator which is producing an oscillating signal. It moves the legs similar to a clockwork.

Genera
 Turbots: Rolls over and over as a mode of locomotion via arms or flagella. 
 Inchworms: Driven mode of locomotion via the robot's body undulating; this undulation moves part of the body ahead, while the rest of the chassis is on the ground. 
 Tracked robots: "Track-ed" wheel locomotion; tank-like action.

References

BEAM robotics
GE 57-ton gas–electric boxcab. Before diesel engines had been developed for locomotive power in the 1920s and 1930s, many companies chose to use the gasoline engine for rail motive power.  The first GE Locomotive was a series of four-axle (B-B) boxcab gasoline–electric machines closely related to the "doodlebugs", self-propelled passenger cars built in the early Twentieth Century.

One of their first major customers was the Minneapolis, St. Paul, Rochester & Dubuque Electric Traction Company, better known as the Dan Patch Electric Lines after the owner's prize horse of the same name.  Founded on the principle of not using steam power if they could avoid it, they asked GE to make them a series of locomotives with internal combustion–electric drive, rather than the mechanical drive systems that were proving unsatisfactory for rail propulsion.  GE complied, and created a number of locomotives originally claimed to be the first engines using an engine to drive a generator for traction motors.  However, historians later determined that a narrow-gauge diesel–electric locomotive had been built in 1912.  

Matching the power of the prime mover with the traction motors was a complicated task for operators of early gasoline–electric systems, which if mismanaged could result in system damage.  General Electric's early experiments with gasoline–electric drive led them to develop control systems to simplify the task and increase efficiency in subsequent years, leading to the more widespread adoption of gasoline and Diesel powered electric drive systems in the 1920s.

As-built specifications for No. 100 
 Serial Number: 3763
 Build Date: June 1913
 Engines (2): GM-16C4 V-8
 Motors (4): GE 205 D
 Dimensions:
 Weight: 
 Overall length: 
 Cab length: 
 Width: 
 Height: 
 Starting tractive effort: 
 Rated top speed: 
 Actual top speed:  light,  with a 5-car train

Survivors 
No. 100 still survives. After the Dan Patch Line went into bankruptcy, its sisters went to a California traction company while 100 was sold first to the Central Warehouse Company of Saint Paul, Minnesota, in 1917, who converted it to a simple electric locomotive.  It was then sold to the Minneapolis, Anoka and Cuyuna Range Railroad (MA&CR) in 1922 for $12,000. The MA&CR owned the locomotive until that railroad was bought by the Great Northern Railway in 1966. In the meantime, the MA&CR had removed its trolley wire and converted 100 to a diesel–electric system, using a Waukesha diesel engine.

In 1967, the Great Northern donated Dan Patch #100 to the Minnesota Transportation Museum of St. Paul, MN.  It is currently on display at their Jackson Street Roundhouse in St. Paul.

References 

 
 

57-ton gas-electric boxcabr
B-B locomotives
Diesel locomotives of the United States
Railway locomotives introduced in 1913
Standard gauge locomotives of the United States
Petrol locomotives
Sam Lantinga. Sam Oscar Lantinga is a computer programmer. He used to be the lead software engineer at Blizzard Entertainment, where he was known to the community as Slouken. He is best known as the creator of the Simple DirectMedia Layer, a very popular open source multimedia programming library, and also developed the compatibility database for Executor, a proprietary Mac OS emulator.

He was the lead programmer and a co-founder of the now-defunct Loki Software, which ported several game titles to Linux. A Linux client of World of Warcraft was developed, and negotiations with Linux Game Publishing were under way until Blizzard cancelled the project. It is unknown if Lantinga was involved with this port.

He also founded Galaxy Gameworks in 2008 to help commercially support the Simple DirectMedia Layer. He left Blizzard Entertainment to "relax, spend time with family, and explore some ideas to expand the Galaxy Gameworks business." Soon after he launched a new website for Gameworks including an extensive list of developer testimonials. Lantinga went on to work for 38 Studios, which shut down in May 2012. Lantinga is currently employed at Valve.

Games credited 
The following is a list of game products Lantinga either developed on or was involved in porting.

Blizzard Entertainment 
 Hearthstone
 World of Warcraft
 Warcraft III: Reign of Chaos

Loki Software 
 Kohan: Immortal Sovereigns
 Tribes 2
 MindRover
 Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri
 Rune
 Rune: Halls of Valhalla
 Heavy Gear II
 Heretic II
 Heroes of Might and Magic III
 Railroad Tycoon II
 Civilization: Call To Power

Ambrosia Software
 Maelstrom

References

External links 
 Sam Lantinga's Homepage (archived 2008-05-22)
 Homepage for SDL, Sam's cross-platform open source game library
 Sam Lantinga at Wowpedia
 Sam Lantinga Slings Some Answers (2001 interview)
 The Sam Lantinga interview - November 11th, 1999 (Linux.com)

Living people
American video game programmers
Free software programmers
Linux game porters
Blizzard Entertainment people
Valve Corporation people
University of California, Davis alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
MLH. MLH may refer to:

 Multi-line hunting, a method in telephony
 Major League Hockey, now Allan Cup Hockey
 Mill Hill (Lancashire) railway station, England, station code
 EuroAirport Basel-Mulhouse-Freiburg, France, IATA code
 Monoterpene epsilon-lactone hydrolase, an enzyme
 Monumenta Linguarum Hispanicarum, a series on materials relating to the paleo-Hispanic languages.
Conditioner (chemistry). In chemistry and materials science, a conditioner is a substance or process that improves the quality of a given material. Conditioning agents used in skincare products are also known as moisturizers, and usually are composed of various oils and lubricants.  One method of their use is as a coating of the substrate to alter the feel and appearance.  For cosmetic products, this effect is a temporary one but can help to protect skin and hair from further damage.

In cosmetic products the types of conditioning agents used are as follows:
Emollients, usually oils, fats, waxes or silicones, which are hydrophobic molecules of natural or synthetic origin that coat the skin or hair and provide an occlusive surface that helps prevent further loss of moisture as well as providing slip and lubricity
Humectants, typically polyols or glycols, that can hydrogen bond with water in the skin and hair and reduce water loss
Cationic surfactants or polymers that are substantive to the slightly negatively-charged skin and hair and provide a film on the hair that limits further damage
Fatty alcohols which are amphiphilic and provide a hydrophobic coating to skin and hair as well as building a lamellar structure in the cosmetic product that builds viscosity as well as improving product stability

See also
Chemical conditioning
Leather conditioner

References

Materials science
Cosmetics chemicals
Iberomoldes. Iberomoldes is a Portuguese mould engineering and product development group, with about 1400 employees. The company's headquarters are in Marinha Grande, Portugal, with engineering offices in the United Kingdom, China, Brazil and Sweden. The Iberomoldes group exports 95% of its services and products to several companies abroad.

Iberomoldes Group is composed of 17 companies, including Iber-Oleff, Anibal Abrantes, Edilasio, SET, and Potumolde.

Joaquim Menezes is the owner of the company.

History
Iberomoldes Group was founded in 1975 (co-founded by Henrique Neto) as a design and marketing company for plastic moulds.

External links
Iberomoldes

Engineering companies of Portugal
Manufacturing companies established in 1975
Portuguese brands
Portuguese companies established in 1975
Idiap Research Institute. The Idiap Research Institute is a semi-private non-profit research institute based in Martigny, in the canton of Valais, Switzerland. It conducts research in the areas of speech processing, computer vision, information retrieval, biometric authentication, multimodal interaction and machine learning. The institute is affiliated with the École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), and with the Université de Genève.

History 

The institute was founded as the Istituto Dalle Molle di Intelligenza Artificiale Percettiva () in 1991 by the Italian entrepreneur Angelo Dalle Molle through the Fondation Dalle Molle, in collaboration with the École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne and with local, cantonal and federal government bodies. Its purpose was to investigate the application of artificial intelligence to human perception in general, and to recognition and analysis of patterns in particular. In 1996, with the participation of the town of Martigny, the canton of Valais, the EPFL, the University of Geneva and Swisscom, it became a research foundation independent of the Dalle Molle foundation, and shortly after changed its name to Idiap Research Institute.

Idiap is one of the four Swiss research organisations founded by the Dalle Molle foundation, of which three are in the field of artificial intelligence.

Research 

Idiap was home to the National Centre of Competence in Research IM2 project on "Interactive Multimodal Information Management".

References 

Information technology research institutes
Research institutes in Switzerland
Martigny
Buildings and structures in Valais
University of Geneva
Educational institutions established in 1991
Research institutes established in 1991
1991 establishments in Switzerland
Institut de la Francophonie pour l'Informatique. The Institut de la Francophonie pour l'Informatique (IFI), French for the "Computer Science Institute for the Francophonie", is a graduate school in computer science in Vietnam.

It was created and funded by the Agence universitaire de la Francophonie (AUF) in 1995 following a request from the Vietnamese government for the training of high-level Vietnamese engineers and college professors in computer science. The countries and regions funding the project are Wallonia, Belgium; Québec, Canada; France; French-speaking Switzerland; and Luxembourg.

IFI recruits its students in Vietnam and other French-speaking countries. Professors at the member universities of the AUF (such as ENST Paris, Université catholique de Louvain, UQAM, etc.) come to IFI to give lectures. All courses are conducted in French.

Usually, the final internship then takes place abroad (Europe or Canada) in industries, universities or research laboratories. Research internships are often used as a bridge toward a PhD. Industrial internships are taken by those who seek the profile of a project leader in software development.

IFI is considered one of the best graduate schools in computer science in Vietnam. About one third of its students continue their PhD in foreign universities; many become professors or founders of software companies in Vietnam.

References

External links
Official Website
Student's Magazine

Universities in Hanoi
Francophonie
Steam exploded fiber. Steam exploded fiber is a pulping and extraction technique that has been applied to wood and other fibrous organic material. The resulting fibers can be combined with organic polymers to produce fiber composite materials. Alternatively, the fibers, along with other extracted substances, can be processed chemically or digested to produce ethanol and other useful substances.

References

External links
 Processing corn cobs to ethanol and other chemicals
 Insitu Detoxification Cotton Gin Waste for Ethanol Production
 Binderless boards from steam-exploded oil palm pulp

Industrial processes
Pulp and paper industry