omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Timecode. A timecode (alternatively, time code) is a sequence of numeric codes generated at regular intervals by a timing synchronization system. Timecode is used in video production, show control and other applications which require temporal coordination or logging of recording or actions.

Video and film 
In video production and filmmaking, SMPTE timecode is used extensively for synchronization, and for logging and identifying material in recorded media. During filmmaking or video production shoot, the camera assistant will typically log the start and end timecodes of shots, and the data generated will be sent on to the editorial department for use in referencing those shots. This shot-logging process was traditionally done by hand using pen and paper, but is now typically done using shot-logging software running on a laptop computer that is connected to the timecode generator or the camera itself.

The SMPTE family of timecodes are almost universally used in film, video and audio production, and can be encoded in many different formats, including:
Linear timecode (LTC), in a separate audio track
Vertical interval timecode (VITC), in the vertical blanking interval of a video track
AES-EBU embedded timecode used with digital audio
Burnt-in timecode, in  human-readable form in the video itself
CTL timecode (control track)
MIDI timecode

Keykode, while not a timecode, is used to identify specific film frames in film post-production that uses physical film stock. Keykode data is normally used in conjunction with SMPTE timecode.

Rewritable consumer timecode is a proprietary consumer video timecode system that is not frame-accurate, and is therefore not used in professional post-production.

Other formats 
Timecodes for purposes other than video and audio production include:
 IRIG timecode is used for military, government and commercial purposes.
 DTS timecode is used to synchronise the optical DTS timecode track from a projector to the CD-based DTS audio tracks.

Timecode generators 

Depending on the environment, timecode generators can take various forms.

See also
 Binary-coded decimal
 Clock synchronization
 Global Positioning System
 Jam sync
 Network Time Protocol
 Time formatting and storage bugs
 Time signal
 Timecode radio stations
 Timestamp, denoting the date/time in data logging
 Trusted timestamping, part of a digital signature

References
 
 

Encodings

Film and video technology
CDR coding. In computer science CDR coding is a compressed data representation for Lisp linked lists. It was developed and patented by the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, and implemented in computer hardware in a number of Lisp machines derived from the MIT CADR.

CDR coding is in fact a fairly general idea; whenever a data object A ends in a reference to another data structure B, we can instead place the structure B itself there, overlapping and running off the end of A. By doing this we free the space required by the reference, which can add up if done many times, and also improve locality of reference, enhancing performance on modern machines. The transformation is especially effective for the cons-based lists it was created for; we free about half of the space for each node we perform this transformation on.

It is not always possible to perform this substitution, because there might not be a large enough chunk of free space beyond the end of A. Thus, some objects will end in a real reference, and some with the referenced object, and the machine must be able to tell by reading the final cell which one it is. This can be accomplished with some inefficiency in software by the use of tagged pointers, which allow a pointer in a final position to be specifically tagged as such, but is best done in hardware.

In the presence of mutable objects, CDR coding becomes more complex. If a reference is updated to point to another object, but currently has an object stored in that field, the object must be relocated, along with any other pointers to it. Not only are such moves typically expensive or impossible, but over time they cause fragmentation of the store. This problem is typically avoided by using CDR coding only on immutable data structures.

External links
 
 L. Peter Deutsch: A LISP Machine with Very Compact Programs. IJCAI 1973, Pages 697 - 703
 Greenblatt, R., LISP Machine Progress Report, memo 444, A.I.Lab., M.I.T., Cambridge, Mass., Aug. 1977.
 L. Peter Deutsch: Experience with a microprogrammed Interlisp system. MICRO 11: Proceedings of the 11th annual workshop on Microprogramming, November 1978, Pages 128–129
  Pages 399-401

Lisp (programming language)
Data compression
TTL. TTL may refer to:

Photography
 Through-the-lens metering, a camera feature
 Zenit TTL, an SLR film camera named for its TTL metering capability

Technology
 Time to live, a computer data lifespan-limiting mechanism
 Transistor–transistor logic, a family of integrated-circuit digital logic
 Differential TTL, a serial signaling standard based on TTL
 Turtle (syntax), a computer data format used in semantic web technologies

Other uses
 Taiwan Tobacco and Liquor, a state-owned manufacturer
 "TTL (Time to Love)", a single by South Korean girl group T-ara and boy band Supernova
Lisp Machine Lisp. Lisp Machine Lisp is a programming language, a dialect of the language Lisp. A direct descendant of Maclisp, it was initially developed in the mid to late 1970s as the system programming language for the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Lisp machines. Lisp Machine Lisp was also the Lisp dialect with the most influence on the design of Common Lisp.

Lisp Machine Lisp branched into three dialects. Symbolics named their variant ZetaLisp. Lisp Machines, Inc. and later Texas Instruments (with the TI Explorer) would share a common code base, but their dialect of Lisp Machine Lisp would differ from the version maintained at the MIT AI Lab by Richard Stallman and others.

Manual
The Lisp Machine Manual describes the Lisp Machine Lisp language in detail. The manual was popularly termed the Chine Nual, because the full title was printed across the front and back covers such that only those letters appeared on the front. This name is sometimes further abbreviated by blending the two words into Chinual.

Traits
Lisp Machine Lisp features include:
 Support for object-oriented programming via an object system named Flavors
 Uses dynamic binding, but supports closures with a special construct
 Integer numbers were read and printed in octal (base 8) by default
 Dividing floating point numbers returned decimals, dividing integers returned rational numbers (fractions)

References

Lisp programming language family
Lisp (programming language)
1970s software
Programming languages created in 1976
PINO. The Open PINO Platform (or just PINO) is an open humanoid robot platform, with its mechanical and software design covered by the GNU Free Documentation License and GNU General Public License respectively.

The external housing design of the PINO is a proprietary registered design, and the term PINO is trademarked.

The intention of PINO's designers appears to be to create a Linux-like open platform for robotics.

A commercial version of PINO is being sold by ZMP INC. a Tokyo-based robotics company. The latest version is Version 3 (released in August 2006).

External links
 http://www.zmp.co.jp/

Bipedal humanoid robots
Social robots
Robots of Japan
2000s robots
PCB. PCB may refer to:

Science and technology
 Polychlorinated biphenyl, an organic chlorine compound, now recognized as an environmental toxin and classified as a persistent organic pollutant
 Printed circuit board, a board used in electronics
 Plenum chamber burning, in some jet engines
 Papillary carcinomas of the breast, rare forms of the breast cancers

Computing
 PCB (software), software to design printed circuit boards
 PCBoard, bulletin board software for MS-DOS
 Process control block, an operating system data structure
 Precompiled Binary

Organizations
 Pacific Coast Borax Company, an American mining company
 Pakistan Cricket Board, national regulatory board for cricket in Pakistan
 Partido Comunista Bolchevique, the Bolshevik Communist Party in Mexico in the 1960s
 Parti Communiste de Belgique, the Communist Party of Belgium until 1989
 Parti Communiste de Belgique (1989), one of the successors to that party
 Partido Comunista de Bolivia, the Communist Party of Bolivia
 Partido Comunista Brasileiro, the Brazilian Communist Party
 PCB Piezotronics, a manufacturer of piezoelectric sensors
 Police Complaints Board, in England and Wales

Places
 Panama City Beach, Florida, US
 Pondok Cabe Airport (IATA code), Indonesia

Other uses
 Penetration-cum-blast, ammunition type for the Arjun tank's 120mm cannon
 Pablo Carreño Busta, Spanish tennis player 
 Perfect Cherry Blossom, the seventh official game in the Japanese Touhou series by ZUN
 Public call box, a telephone booth
PCB, Bible translations into Persian 1995
Ilyushin. The  public joint stock company Ilyushin Aviation Complex, operating as Ilyushin () or as Ilyushin Design Bureau, is a former Soviet and now a Russian aircraft manufacturer and design bureau, founded in 1933 by Sergey Vladimirovich Ilyushin. Soviet/Russian nomenclature identifies aircraft from Ilyushin with the prefix "Il-" (). Ilyushin has its head office in Aeroport District, Northern Administrative Okrug, Moscow.

History

Ilyushin was established under the Soviet Union. Its operations began on 13 January 1933, by order of P. I. Baranov, People's Commissar of the Heavy Industry and the Head of the Main Department of Aviation Industry. 

In 1970, the position of chief designer was taken by G. V. Novozhilov.

In 2006, the Russian government merged Ilyushin with Mikoyan, Irkut, Sukhoi, Tupolev, and Yakovlev under a new company named United Aircraft Corporation.

In July 2014, it was reported that Ilyushin and Myasishchev would merge to form the United Aircraft Corporation business unit Transport Aircraft.

Subsidiaries and divisions
Aviation Industries Ilyushin is a subsidiary established in 1992 to act as Ilyushin's marketing and customer service arm.

Ilyushin Finance Co is a dedicated leasing and finance subsidiary that provides financial services for Ilyushin as well as other manufacturers.

Awards 

 1942 — Order of Lenin
 1944 — Order of the Red Banner
 1969 — Order of the Red Banner of Labour
 1983 — Order of the October Revolution

Directors 

 CEO from December 1995 to May 2014 — Viktor Vladimirovich Livanov;
 CEO since May 2014 — Yuri Mikhailovich Yudin;
 CEO since September 2014 — Sergey Alekseevich Sergeev;
 CEO since April 2015 — Sergey Vladimirovich Velmozhkin;
 CEO from May 2017 to April 2019 — Aleksey Dmitrievich Rogozin;
 CEO since April 2019 — Yuri Vladimirovich Grudinin;
 Managing Director since June 2020 — Sergey Yarkov.

Shareholders 

 PJSC United Aircraft Corporation — 8.99 % of shares
 JSC United Aircraft Corporation — Transport Aircraft — 78,49% of shares
 Private investors — 12,52% of shares

See also

 List of Ilyushin aircraft
 List of military aircraft of the Soviet Union and the CIS

References

External links

 
United Aircraft Corporation
Aircraft manufacturers of Russia
Aircraft manufacturers of Uzbekistan
Aircraft manufacturers of the Soviet Union
Companies based in Moscow
Russian brands
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1933
1933 establishments in Russia
Design bureaus
CMM. CMM may refer to

Science and technology
 Capability Maturity Model, a tool for assessing processes in organizations during software development
 Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, plant pathogen subspecies
 Cluster management module, part of a Motorola Canopy system
 Color management module, a term in color management
 Conditional Markov model or maximum-entropy Markov model
 Coordinate-measuring machine, a device for dimensional measuring
 Coordinated management of meaning, a communications theory
 Cybersecurity maturity model, a type of maturity model
 C--, also pronounced Cmm, a programming language

Mathematics
 The wallpaper group cmm (2*22)

Organisations
 Canadian Methodist Mission
 Center for Mathematical Modeling, a research institute in Chile
 Centre de Morphologie Mathématique (Center of Mathematical Morphology), a research center of the École des Mines de Paris in France
 Chhattisgarh Mukti Morcha, a political party in India
 Congregation of the Missionaries of Mariannhill

Other uses
 Commander of the Order of Military Merit, a Canadian decoration
 Communauté métropolitaine de Montréal (CMM), French name of the Montreal Metropolitan Community (MMC), part of Greater Montreal
 Corpus mensurabilis musicae, a collection of polyphonic vocal music of the Renaissance
Cirrus. Cirrus  may refer to:

Science
Cirrus (biology), any of various thin, thread-like structures on the body of an animal
Cirrus (botany), a tendril
Infrared cirrus, in astronomy, filamentary structures seen in infrared light
Cirrus cloud, a type of cloud

Aviation
Cirrus aero engines, a series of British aircraft engines manufactured by various companies from the 1920s to the 1950s
Cirrus Aircraft, an aircraft manufacturer in Duluth, Minnesota, USA
Cirrus Airlines, a defunct regional airline in Hallbergmoos, Germany
Cirrus (rocket), a German research rocket first launched in 1961
Schempp-Hirth Cirrus, an Open-class sailplane
Schempp-Hirth Standard Cirrus, a Standard-class sailplane
Swing Cirrus, a German paraglider design

Music
Cirrus (album), a 1974 release by Bobby Hutcherson
Cirrus (band), an American electronica duo
"Cirrus" (song), a 2013 instrumental by DJ Bonobo
"Cirrus", a 1996 song by Joe Morris from Elsewhere
"Cirrus Minor" (song), a 1969 song by Pink Floyd

Other uses
Chrysler Cirrus, a car produced by DaimlerChrysler between 1995 and 2000
Cirrus (drug), a medication that contains pseudoephedrine and cetirizine
Cirrus (Helsinki building), a high-rise apartment building in Helsinki, Finland
Cirrus (Seattle building), a residential skyscraper in Seattle, Washington, USA
Cirrus (interbank network), an automated teller machine (ATM) network owned by MasterCard
Cirrus Logic, a semiconductor manufacturer
Access Database Engine, former versions of which were known as Microsoft Jet Database Engine and codenamed Cirrus
Cirrus Vodka, a vodka made in Richmond, Virginia, USA
Cirrus Mountain, a mountain in Alberta
Mount Cirrus. a mountain in Colorado
Simulation language. A computer simulation language is used to describe the operation of a simulation on a computer. There are two major types of simulation: continuous and discrete event though more modern languages can handle more complex combinations.  Most languages also have a graphical interface and at least a simple statistic gathering capability for the analysis of the results. An important part of discrete-event languages is the ability to generate pseudo-random numbers and variants from different probability distributions.

See also
 Discrete event simulation
 List of computer simulation software
 List of HDL simulators: simulators whose model is specified using a hardware description language

References

Simulation programming languages
Stochastic simulation
Expendable launch system. An expendable launch system (or expendable launch vehicle/ELV) is a launch vehicle that can be launched only once, after which its components are destroyed during reentry or impact with Earth, or discarded in space. ELVs typically consist of several rocket stages that are discarded sequentially as their fuel is exhausted and the vehicle gains altitude and speed. As of 2024, fewer and fewer satellites and human spacecraft are launched on ELVs in favor of reusable launch vehicles. However, there are many instances where a ELV may still have a compelling use case over a reusable vehicle. ELVs are simpler in design than reusable launch systems and therefore may have a lower production cost. Furthermore, an ELV can use its entire fuel supply to accelerate its payload, offering greater payloads. ELVs are proven technology in widespread use for many decades.

Current operators

Arianespace

China

ISRO

During the 1960s and 1970s, India initiated its own launch vehicle program in alignment with its geopolitical and economic considerations. In the 1960s–1970s, the country India started with a sounding rocket in the 1960s and 1970s and advanced its research to deliver the Satellite Launch Vehicle-3 and the more advanced Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle (ASLV), complete with operational supporting infrastructure by the 1990s.

JAXA

Roscosmos

United States

Several governmental agencies of the United States purchase ELV launches. NASA is a major customer with the Commercial Resupply Services and Commercial Crew Development programs, also launching scientific spacecraft. The vast majority of launch vehicles for its missions, from the Redstone missile to the Delta, Atlas, Titan and Saturn rocket families, have been expendable. As its flagship crewed exploration replacement for the partially reusable Space Shuttle, NASA's newest ELV, the Space Launch System flew successfully in November 2022 after delays of more than six years. It is planned to serve in a major role on crewed exploration programs going forward.

The United States Air Force is also an ELV customer, having designed the Titan, Atlas, and Delta families. The Atlas V from the 1994 Evolved ELV (EELV) program remains in active service, operated by United Launch Alliance. The National Security Space Launch (NSSL) competition has selected two EELV successors, the expendable Vulcan Centaur and partially reusable Falcon 9, to provide assured access to space.

Iranian Space Agency

Safir

Simorgh

Qoqnoos

Israel Space Agency

See also 

 Comparison of orbital launch systems
 Comparison of orbital launchers families
 Launch vehicle
 Lists of rockets
 Spacecraft propulsion
 Spaceflight

References

External links 
 ULA website
 Arianespace website
 ESA website
 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries website
Doping. Doping may refer to:

 Doping, adding a dopant to something
 Doping (semiconductor), intentionally introducing impurities into an extremely pure semiconductor to change its electrical properties
 Aircraft dope, a lacquer that is applied to fabric-covered aircraft
 Link doping, in search engine optimization

Sports
 Doping in sport, the use of drugs or other methods to improve athletic performance
 Abortion doping, the rumoured practice of purposely inducing pregnancy for performance-enhancing benefits, then aborting
 Blood doping, boosting the number of red blood cells in the bloodstream
 Boosting (doping), a method of inducing autonomic dysreflexia
 Gene doping, the hypothetical non-therapeutic use of gene therapy by athletes
 Stem cell doping
 Technology doping
 Doping in China
 Doping in Russia

See also

 DOP (disambiguation)
 Dope (disambiguation)
 Dopey (disambiguation)
 Dopping (disambiguation)
Transportation (disambiguation). Transportation refers to transport, the movement of people and goods from place to place.

Transportation may also refer to:

 Penal transportation, the moving of convicted criminals to penal colonies.
 Transportation theory (mathematics), which concerns optimization of transportation and resource allocation.
 Transportation theory (psychology), which concerns psychological immersion in narrative content.
 Sediment transport, the movement of weathered rocks from one place to another.
 Transportation (journal), an academic journal on transportation planning.

See also 
 Transport (disambiguation)
 Transports (disambiguation)
SEX (computing). In computing, the SEX assembly language mnemonic has often been used for the "Sign EXtend" machine instruction found in the Motorola 6809. A computer's or CPU's "sex" can also mean the endianness of the computer architecture used. x86 computers do not have the same "byte sex" as HC11 computers, for example. Functions are sometimes needed for computers of different endianness to communicate with each other over the internet, as protocols often use big endian byte coding by default.

On the RCA 1802 series of microprocessors, the SEX, for "SEt X," instruction is used to designate which of the machine's sixteen 16-bit registers is to be the X (index) register.

SEX in software: rarely used jargon
The TLA SEX has humorously been said to stand for Software EXchange, meaning copying of software. As file sharing has sometimes spread computer viruses, it has been stated that “illicit SEX can transmit viral diseases to your computer.” The involvement of FTP servers' /pub directories in this process has led to the name being explained as a contraction of 'pubic'.

References 

Machine code
Computer jargon
Material dispersion coefficient. In an optical fiber, the material dispersion coefficient, M(λ), characterizes the amount of pulse broadening by material dispersion per unit length of fiber and per unit of spectral width. It is usually expressed in picoseconds per (nanometre·kilometre). 

For many optical fiber materials, M(λ) approaches zero at a specific wavelength λ0 between 1.3  and 1.5 μm. At wavelengths shorter than λ0, M(λ) is negative and increases with wavelength; at wavelengths longer than λ0, M(λ) is positive and decreases with wavelength. 

Pulse broadening caused by material dispersion in a unit length of optical fiber is given by the product of M(λ) and spectral width (Δλ).

References

Fiber optics
23rd century BC. The 23rd century BC was a century that lasted from the year 2300 BC to 2201 BC.

Events

2334 BC – 2279 BC: (short chronology) Sargon of Akkad's conquest of Mesopotamia.
c. 2300 BC: Indus Valley civilisation (Harappan) flourishing in modern-day eastern Pakistan - western India.
c. 2300 BC: Metals start to be used in Northern Europe.
c. 2300 BC: Unetice culture emerges in the modern day Czech Republic.
c. 2300 BC: Canal Bahr Yusuf (current name) is created when the waterway from the Nile to the natural lake (now Lake Moeris) is widened and deepened to create a canal.
c. 2300 BC – 2200 BC: "Head of a man from Nineveh" (modern Kuyunjik, Iraq) is made. It is now in Iraq Museum, Baghdad.
c. 2300 BC – 2184 BC: Disk of Enheduanna, from Ur, (modern Muqaiyir, Iraq) is made. It is now in University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
c. 2300–2250 BC, reigns of Pepi I Meryre and Merenre Nemtyemsaf I, beginning of Pepi II Neferkares' rule, all of the Sixth Dynasty of Egypt.
c. 2288 BC: "Queen Merye-ankhnes and her son Pepy II" is sculpted,  Sixth dynasty of Egypt.  The alabaster statuette is now at The Brooklyn Museum of Art, New York.
c. 2285 BC: Enheduanna, high priestess of the moon god Nanna in Ur, was born.
c. 2254 BC – 2218 BC: Stela of Naram-Sin, probably from Sippar, discovered in Susa (modern Shush, Iran), is made. It is now in Musée du Louvre, Paris.
c. 2250 BC: The beginning of the Meghalayan Stage, the last of the three stages of the Holocene.
c. 2250 BC: Earliest evidence of maize cultivation in Central America.
c. 2240 BC: Akkad, capital of the Akkadian Empire, becomes the largest city in the world, surpassing Memphis, capital of Egypt.
c. 2220 BC: Scord of Brouster farmstead established in Shetland, Scotland
c. 2220 BC: Mount Edgecumbe (Alaska) volcano erupts near present-day Sitka, Alaska.
c. 2215 BC: A Guti army swept down from the Zagros Mountains and defeated the demoralized Akkadian army. They took Agade, the capital of Akkad, and destroyed it thoroughly.
c. July 2215 BC: Comet Hale-Bopp visits the inner solar system and would not return until the year AD 1997.

References 

 

 
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