omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
LAK-12. The LAK-12  is a Lithuanian mid-wing, single-seat, FAI Open Class glider that was designed and produced by Lietuviškos Aviacinės Konstrukcijos (LAK) () in Lithuania and later by Sportine Aviacija and Sport Aviation USSR.

Design and development
The LAK-12 was designed in the 1980s as an open class racer.

The aircraft is made from fibreglass, foam and carbon fibre. Its  span foam-core wing employs a Wortmann FX67-K-170 airfoil at the wing root, transitioning to a FX67- K-150 section at the wing tip. The wings feature both double-panel upper surface air brakes and flaps that can be set to -7°, -4°, 0°, +5°, +11° and +15°. Water ballast is  held in the wing leading edges and dumped through a centre-fuselage valve. The landing gear is a single retractable monowheel suspended by an oil/nitrogen oleo, plus a tailskid. The cockpit canopy is of one-piece and forward hinged.

Operational history
According to Sportine Aviacija, the current type certificate holder, 253 were manufactured over a twenty-five year production run.

In April 2018 there were 17 LAK-12s listed on the United States Federal Aviation Administration registry, all single-place and certified in the Experimental - Racing/Exhibition category and three registered with Transport Canada in the Limited Class.

Variants
LAK-12 Lietuva  span open-class sailplane.
LAK-12 Lietuva 2RTwo-seat version of the LAK-12 with tandem cockpit in an extended fuselage.
LAK-12E Experimental  span variant built in 1988 and tested in 1988 and 1989, incorporating boundary control via blowholes on the lower surface. Only one produced.

Aircraft on display 
The sole LAK-12E currently hangs from the ceiling of the Lithuanian Aviation Museum in Kaunas.

Specifications (LAK-12)

See also

References

External links

1980s Lithuanian sailplanes
LAK aircraft
Glider aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1986
Mid-wing aircraft
HB Flugtechnik HB-207 Alfa. The HB Flugtechnik HB-207 Alfa is an Austrian two-seat light training and touring monoplane designed and built by HB Flugtechnik and was made available as a kit for homebuilding.

Design and development
The Alfa is a low-wing monoplane made from aluminium, with some composite parts,  powered by a  VW-Porsche HB-2400 G/2 flat-four engine driving a five-bladed variable-pitch propeller. It was designed to take a number of different engines and to use two, three or five-bladed propellers. The five-bladed propeller turns at just 1500 rpm and is noted for its quietness in flight, producing only 57 dBA. The  Rotax 912ULS and the turbocharged  Rotax 914 powerplants can also be used. The Alfa has room for two in side-by-side seats in an enclosed cockpit with a sliding canopy for entry.

The first aircraft to fly was a retractable tricycle landing gear variant, the HB-207RG. on 14 March 1995. At least 70 had been built by 2005.

Variants
HB 207
Fixed landing gear variant
HB 207RG
Retractable landing gear variant

Specifications (Utility category)

References

Notes

Bibliography

 

Homebuilt aircraft
1990s Austrian civil utility aircraft
Alfa
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1995
Lublin R-XVIII. The Lublin R-XVIII (otherwise known as Lublin R.XVIII) was a Polish heavy bomber project, created by Jerzy Rudlicki of the Plage i Laśkiewicz factory in Lublin, based on the earlier unsuccessful Lublin R-VII Odwet design of 1924, following the specification for a "retribution bomber" by the Polish Ministry of Military Affairs.

Design and development
The initial tri-motor R-VII was rejected along with all other proposals by Polish air manufacturers, as none were deemed skilled and experienced enough to build large, complicated bombers. Because of that the newly created 2nd Destroyer Squadron of the 1st Air Regiment in 1926 was equipped with 32 Farman Goliath bombers bought in France. However soon it became clear that the French bomber, designed in 1918, was already obsolete. Furthermore, the Goliaths were seriously underpowered and could not fly on one engine only, a serious flaw in a bomber. Because of that the Department of Air of the Ministry of Military Affairs renewed interest in a home-produced heavy bomber.

The Lublin-based Plage i Laśkiewicz works presented in 1929 the Lublin R–XVIII, while Podlaska Wytwórnia Samolotów submitted PWS-22 and PWS-23. The Lublin R-XVIII was in fact an upgraded and modified Lublin R-VII of 1924, utilising some of Rudlicki's concepts used in his 1922 "Project d'avion Ru - type chassis pliant" passenger plane design submitted as his doctoral thesis at the Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Aéronautique in Paris in 1922.

A high-wing trimotor biplane of mixed construction, the aeroplane was to be powered by three radial engines of  each and be able to deliver up to  of bombs. One of the major modifications was the Rudlicki's own patented v-tail and a possibility to use a retractable landing gear, a novelty in the 1920s. Like its predecessor, the new plane was to have strong defensive armament and a crew of 6. In line with Giulio Douhet's theories, the plane was to be a "flying fortress", able to defend itself without the need for escort fighters. Because of that the machine gun field of fire covered 98% of the sphere around the bomber.

While superior to contemporary French-made bombers, the project was far from ready and the ministry decided that before serial production could commence, the design would already be outdated. Because of that in 1928 it ordered a Fokker F–VII B/3m bomber to be produced at Plage i Laśkiewicz works instead. As an alternative to the Fokkers, in 1930 Jerzy Rudlicki restarted works on his design and by 1932 created a modified version, with only two radial engines and a payload of  of bombs. However, the redesigned Lublin R-XVIII was rejected as well and none were ever built. Likewise the PWS-22 and PWS-23 were also rejected and eventually the unsuccessful LWS-6 Żubr was chosen as an interim design before the modern PZL.37 Łoś could be introduced in the 1930s.

Specifications (R-XVIII - trimotor version - estimated)

See also

References

1920s Polish bomber aircraft
R18
Robert Martin (audio engineer). Robert Martin (March 31, 1916 – January 16, 1992) was an American audio engineer. He was nominated for an Academy Award in the category Sound Recording for the film Gaily, Gaily.

Selected filmography
 Gaily, Gaily (1969)

References

External links

1916 births
1992 deaths
American audio engineers
Engineers from Pennsylvania
20th-century American engineers
Brendan Gregg. Brendan Gregg is a computer engineer known for his work on computing performance. He  works for Intel, and previously worked at Netflix, Sun Microsystems, Oracle Corporation, and Joyent. He was born in Newcastle, New South Wales and graduated from the University of Newcastle, Australia.

In November, 2013, he was awarded the LISA Outstanding Achievement Award "For contributions to the field of system administration, particularly groundbreaking work in systems performance analysis methodologies." He investigates and writes about Linux performance on his blog.

Contributions 

Gregg has developed various methodologies for performance analysis, notably the USE Method methodology (short for Utilization Saturation and Errors Method).

He has also created visualization types to aid performance analysis, including latency heat maps, utilization heat maps, subsecond offset heat maps, and flame graphs.

His tools are included in multiple operating systems and products, and are in use by companies worldwide. He pioneered eBPF as an observability technology, including authoring many advanced eBPF tracing tools to provide unique insights into system behavior. As a kernel engineer, he developed the ZFS L2ARC: A pioneering file system performance technology. He has also developed and delivered professional training courses on computer performance.

Gregg has authored hundreds of articles about systems performance and multiple technical books, including Systems Performance 2nd Edition (2020) and BPF Performance Tools (2019), both in the Addison-Wesley professional computing series. His prior books were on Solaris performance and DTrace, and were published by Prentice Hall. His books are recommended or required reading at major technology companies.

Gregg was previously known as an expert on using DTrace and the creator of the DTraceToolkit. He is also the star of the Shouting in the Data Center viral video.

Publications 

 (detail link)

References

External links

Patents 

Living people
Australian computer scientists
Computer programmers
Solaris people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Scottish Aeroplane Syndicate Avis. The Scottish Aeroplane Avis was a tractor monoplane built by Howard T. Wright in 1909. At that time Wright was one of England's foremost aircraft engineers, and had several monoplane aircraft under development. The Avis  was shown at the 1910 Aero Exhibition in London and  several examples were successfully flown during 1910.

Design and development
The Avis was designed by Wright and William Oke Manning for Alan Boyle's newly formed Scottish Aeroplane Syndicate and was constructed at Wright's Battersea works during 1909. It was a single-seat tractor monoplane with an uncovered wire-braced wooden fuselage using wing-warping for lateral control, resembling the aircraft that Louis Bleriot had used to make the first flight across the English Channel. The wings were braced by wires attached to two pairs of cabane struts, which extended down and outwards to form two A-frames carrying a pair of skids to each of which a pair of wheels was attached using shock cords. It had an all-moving cruciform tail, built as a single assembly articulated on a universal joint. A small sprung tailwheel was fitted. At that time there was no standardised system for control layout and the Avis used foot pedals for lateral control, and  a stick with a wheel at the top to control rudder and elevator.
  
The prototype, known as the Golden Plover, was fitted with a 30 hp (22 kW) Anzani engine. It was finished in December 1909, but trials at Brooklands were unsatisfactory and the engine was replaced by a  Anzani driving a wooden propeller manufactured by Wright. The prototype was first successfully flown by Boyle in March 1910. It was sold to Mr Maconie, who used it at Brooklands in August 1910.

Operational history
A second aircraft, now called the Avis and sometimes called the Avis II because it was the second built, powered by a  J.A.P. was exhibited by the Scottist Aeronautical Syndicate at Olympia in Jan 1910. This aircraft was bought by R.F. Wickham, who flew it at Brooklands, extensively damaging it after a forced landing caused by engine failure.

The third built, which was powered by  E.N.V.  engine was officially named the Avis I and was used as a personal machine by Boyle, who confusingly gave it his personal number "3", which was painted on the tail. He  gained his Aero Club certificate (number 13) in it on 14 July, but wrecked the aircraft at the Bournemouth Air display later that month.

An example referred to as Avis III was bought by the racing driver John Herbert  Spottiswode, who later sold it as a prop to the London photography studio Campbell–Gray .

Another, Avis IV, was used by Boyle to replace the aircraft wrecked at Bournemouth, but when the Scottish Aeronautical Syndicate was dissolved at the end of the year this was sold at auction at Brooklands, going for £50 to Eustace Gray, the Brooklands press steward.

Specifications

Notes

References

 Lewis, Peter. British Aircraft 1809–1914. London: Putnam, 1962
 Ransom, S. N. and Fairclough, F. English Electric Aircraft and their Predecessors. London: Putnam, 1987 

1910s British experimental aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1910
American United (fireboat). American United is a Ranger-class Robert Allan Ltd. designed fireboat built to serve the Massachusetts Port Authority as a replacement to Massport Marine Unit 1, the Howard W. Fitzpatrick.  It was scheduled to be placed in service in June 2011, and was delivered October 11, 2011, due to the complexity of the build.

Manufacturing
The American United was built by A.F. Theriault and Son Ltd. of Meteghan River, Nova Scotia

Purpose
The vessel is intended to support Logan Airport firefighting, search and rescue, EMS, and Port Security capability.

References

2011 ships
Fireboats of the United States
Massachusetts Port Authority
Service vessels of the United States
Ships built in Nova Scotia
Douglas Williams (sound engineer). Douglas O. Williams (July 29, 1917 – January 31, 1993) was an American sound engineer. He won an Academy Award for Best Sound and was nominated for three more in the same category.

Selected filmography
Williams won an Academy Award and was nominated for three more:

Won
 Patton (1970)

Nominated
 Silver Streak (1976)
 The Turning Point (1977)
 The Rose (1979)

References

External links

American audio engineers
Best Sound Mixing Academy Award winners
1993 deaths
1917 births
20th-century American engineers
Don Bassman. Don Bassman (April 2, 1927 – January 24, 1993) was an American sound engineer and VP of Special Sound Projects at 20th Century Fox. He won an Academy Award for Best Sound and was nominated for three more in the same category. He also won an Emmy Award for Eleanor and Franklin in 1976.

Selected filmography
Bassman won an Academy Award and was nominated for three more:

Won
 Patton (1970)

Nominated
 Die Hard (1988)
 The Abyss (1989)
 The Hunt for Red October (1990)

References

External links

1927 births
1993 deaths
American audio engineers
Best Sound Mixing Academy Award winners
Primetime Emmy Award winners
20th-century American engineers
David H. Moriarty. David H. Moriarty (August 19, 1911 – September 16, 1989)  was an American sound engineer. He was nominated for an Academy Award in the category Best Sound for the film Airport.

Selected filmography
 Airport (1970; co-nominated with Ronald Pierce)

References

External links

1911 births
1989 deaths
American audio engineers
Mass media people from Nebraska
20th-century American engineers
Dan Wallin. Daniel Guy Wallin (March 13, 1927 – April 10, 2024) was an American sound engineer. He was nominated for two Academy Awards in the category Best Sound. Wallin is widely considered one of the most prolific and greatest sound engineers of all time. He had worked on more than 500 films since 1965, working into his eighties.

Wallin died in Hawaii, where he had retired, on April 10, 2024, at the age of 97.

Selected filmography
 Woodstock (1970)
 A Star Is Born (1976)

References

External links

1927 births
2024 deaths
American audio engineers
Engineers from Los Angeles
Primetime Emmy Award winners
Oscar Lear Automobile Company. Frayer-Miller was built by the Oscar Lear Automobile Company in Columbus, Ohio and advertised as "the car of endurance." It had a distinctive air-cooled engine. The car was manufactured between the years of 1904 and 1910.

Advertisements

References

Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1904
Vehicle manufacturing companies disestablished in 1910
Defunct manufacturing companies based in Ohio
1910 disestablishments in Ohio
1904 establishments in Ohio
Motor vehicle manufacturers based in Ohio
Cars introduced in 1904
Cars discontinued in 1910
Sverker 21. Sverker 21 is a tool steel manufactured by Uddeholms AB. It is primarily used for Cold Work applications such as blanking, piercing, cropping, bending, forming and cutting. It's a proprietary equivalent to D2 [tool steel].

International standards comparison chart

Chemical composition

Properties
Sverker 21 is characterized by high compressive strength, high
surface hardness after hardening, good though-hardening properties and high wear
resistance (abrasive type of wear profile). These characteristics combine to give a steel
suitable for the manufacture of medium run tooling for applications where abrasive
wear is dominant and the risk of chipping or cracking is not so high, e.g. for blanking and
forming of thinner, harder work materials.

Application areas
It is a 12% chromium steel suitable for medium production volume tooling where the production materials cause abrasive wear and the risk of chipping is not so high.

Other Uddeholm Cold Work Steels
Arne, 
Caldie, 
Calmax, 
Rigor, 
Sleipner, 
Sverker 3,  
Unimax, 
Vanadis 4 Extra, 
Vanadis 6, 
Vanadis 10, 
Vanadis 23, 
Vancron 40, 
UHB 11, 
Formax, 
Holdax,

References

Steels
Brittle system. Brittle systems theory creates an analogy between communication theory and mechanical systems. A brittle system is a system characterized by a sudden and steep decline in performance as the system state changes. This can be due to input parameters that exceed a specified input, or environmental conditions that exceed specified operating boundaries. This is the opposite of a gracefully degrading system. Brittle system analysis develops an analogy with materials science in order to analyze system brittleness. A system that is brittle (but initially robust enough to gain at least some foothold in the marketplace) will tend to operate with acceptable performance until it reaches a limit and then degrade suddenly and catastrophically. The table below illustrates the concept behind the analysis using an example of a communication system.

See also 
 Reliability engineering
 Catastrophe theory

References

Further reading
 Active Networks and Active Network Management Section 9.4.2.

Systems theory
Caesium auride. Caesium auride is the inorganic compound with the formula CsAu. It is the Cs+ salt of the unusual Au− anion.



Preparation and reactions
CsAu is obtained by heating a stoichiometric mixture of caesium and gold. The two metallic-yellow liquids react to give a transparent yellow product. Despite being a compound of two metals, CsAu lacks metallic properties since it is a salt with localized charges; it instead behaves as a semiconductor with band gap 2.6 eV.

The compound hydrolyzes readily, yielding caesium hydroxide, metallic gold, and hydrogen.

2 CsAu + 2 H2O → 2 CsOH + 2 Au + H2

The solution in liquid ammonia is brown, and the ammonia adduct  is blue; the latter has ammonia molecules intercalated between layers of the CsAu crystal parallel to the (110) plane. Solutions undergo metathesis with tetramethylammonium loaded ion exchange resin to give tetramethylammonium auride.

References

Further reading
 —includes photograph of the compound.

Gold(−I) compounds
Caesium compounds
Semiconductor materials
Caesium chloride crystal structure
Morane-Saulnier MS.140. The Morane-Saulnier MS.140 was designed in France as an ambulance aircraft with the ability to operate from small fields and which could double as a trainer.  Only one of these single engine, wooden biplanes was built, first flying about 1927.

Design and development
The MS.140 was designed as an ambulance aircraft, with a hatch behind the pilot into which a stretcher could be slid. For maximum utility a second seat with dual control could be fitted instead, the aircraft then able to perform as a trainer.

For a 1927 design it was backward looking, particularly in it use of a rotary engine, an 80 hp (60 kW) Le Rhône 9C.  It had an all wood structure with fabric covering.  The MS.140 was a single bay biplane with wings of equal span but sweepback on the upper wing only. The bays were defined by pairs of parallel interplane struts.  On each side a shorter pair of struts ran from the upper fuselage to the upper wing and another pair from the upper fuselage to the lower wing immediately above the attachment point of the main landing leg. The conventional undercarriage had a wide track, with single wheels on a split axle formed from V-shaped struts hinged at the fuselage lower centreline. The fuselage was square sided with a rounded decking, the pilot sitting below a cut-out in the upper wing for upward visibility. The engine was cowled.

The MS.140 had a generous wing area, giving it a low wing loading of about 25 kg/m3 (5 lb/ft2).  Combined with a high lift airfoil section, this gave it the ability to operate from very small fields.

Operational history

Only one MS.140 was built and there are few reports of its history. It was noted in the Villacoublay aircraft "graveyard" in 1937 and may have been sold to the Republicans at the start of the Spanish Civil War with others from that store.

Specifications

References

Further reading

MS.140
1920s French military utility aircraft
1920s French military trainer aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1927
Rotary-engined aircraft
Doyle–Kirmse reaction. The Doyle–Kirmse reaction is an organic reaction in which a metal carbene reacts with an allyl compound with transposition of the alkene and transfer of the electronegative group from the allyl onto the carbene carbon.

As originally developed, an allyl sulfide reacts with trimethylsilyldiazomethane to form the homoallyl sulfide compound. The reaction was first reported by  in 1968 and modified by Michael P. Doyle in 1981.

The Kirmse protocol required a copper salt. The reaction mechanism involves nucleophilic addition of the sulfur to the metal carbene formed from the diazoalkane followed by a Stevens-like rearrangement.

Doyle expanded the scope of the reaction to include other diazo compounds, such as ethyl diazoacetate, other allyl compounds, such as allyl amines and allyl halides, and use of with rhodium catalysts, such as hexadecacarbonylhexarhodium. An example is the reaction of ethyl diazoacetate with allyl iodide:

The reaction can also be catalyzed by iron, palladium silver, and nickel. Modifications using other carbenes are reported e.g. (2-furyl)carbenoids.

The reaction is not strictly limited to allyl compounds. Propargyl-sulfide substrates give allene products and conversely allenyl-sulfide substrates give homopropargyl products.

Using metal catalysts that have chiral ligands leads to stereoselectivity of the newly-formed carbon–carbon bond.

References

Name reactions
Pericyclic reactions
Carbenes
Streifeneder Albatros. The Streifeneder Albatros () is a German mid-wing, gull wing, T-tailed, single-seat, FAI Standard Class glider that was designed by Hansjörg Streifeneder and produced by his company Glasfaser Flugzeug-Service GmbH.

The aircraft was first exhibited at the Aero show in Friedrichshafen, Germany, in April 2001.

Design and development
The Albatros was intended to take advantage of a number of aerodynamic refinements to achieve a higher performance than other standard class gliders. These include a new type of fuselage wing fillet that creates laminar flow in the junction, upper and lower surface wing and aileron boundary layer blowing and an airfoil designed by Professor Loek M. M. Boermans of the Delft University of Technology. The aileron blowing varies with airspeed. The company claims that this creates 95% laminar flow on the wing underside and produces 10% less profile drag than the Schleicher ASW 24.

The aircraft is made from carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer, fibreglass and Kevlar. Its gulled  wing employs winglets and uses triple-panel upper surface airbrakes for glidepath control. The high-mounted tailplane has electric trim and a ballistic parachute is fitted.  of water ballast is carried. The landing gear is a suspended and electrically retractable monowheel.

Specifications (Albatros)

See also

References

External links
Company website

2000s German sailplanes
Aircraft first flown in 2001
T-tail aircraft
Mid-wing aircraft
Gull-wing aircraft