omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Centre for Timber Engineering. The Centre for Timber Engineering (CTE) a research and education unit within the Forest Products Research Institute that is part of Edinburgh Napier University.

Description 
The Centre for Timber Engineering (CTE) is part of Edinburgh Napier University, one of the UK's post 1992 universities with an emphasis on practical research and working with industry. CTE is a research and education unit within the Forest Products Research Institute. It is the only centre of its kind within the United Kingdom, providing research, consultancy, information, education, and training related to timber in construction. Its activity ranges from fundamental research into timber's performance as an engineering material, right through to commercial testing and partnership working with industry on innovation and technology transfer projects.

History 
CTE was established in January 2002 following the result of a feasibility study carried out by the Scottish Forest Industries Cluster: a partnership between Forest Industries Development Council (now part of ConFor) and Scottish Enterprise.

External links
 The Centre for Timber Engineering
 Forest Products Research Institute
 The School of Engineering and the Built Environment
 The Confederation of Forest Industries

Edinburgh Napier University
Timber industry
2002 establishments in Scotland
Forestry in the United Kingdom
Construction industry of the United Kingdom
Lake Walter E. Long. Lake Walter E. Long (also known as Decker Lake) is a reservoir on Decker Creek in Austin, Texas. It was officially impounded in 1967 and provides cooling water for a power plant that produces electricity from petroleum-based fuels.  The dam and the lake are managed by the City of Austin.  Surrounding the lake is the city's  Lake Walter E. Long Metropolitan Park, a popular recreational destination.

Flora and fauna
Lake Walter E. Long has been stocked with species of fish intended to improve the utility of the reservoir for recreational fishing.  Fish present in Lake Walter E. Long include catfish, largemouth bass, hybrid striped bass, and sunfish.  Plant species present in the lake water include hydrilla, pondweed, bulrush, waterstar grass, American lotus, coontail, and southern naiad.

The Louis René Barrera Indiangrass Wildlife Sanctuary, situated along the north shore of the lake, is managed by the Austin Parks and Recreation Department and serves as the center of an initiative to restore the Blackland Prairie within the preserve. While the sanctuary is not open to the public, it is accessible through guided tours.

Recreational uses
Lake Walter E. Long Metropolitan Park is open for daytime recreational use.  Boating and fishing are the most popular recreational uses of the lake.

References

External links
City of Austin Map of lake and surrounding roads

Walter E. Long
Geography of Austin, Texas
1967 establishments in Texas
Protected areas of Travis County, Texas
Bodies of water of Travis County, Texas
Bevameter. A bevameter is a device used in terramechanics to measure the mechanical properties of soil. Bevameter technique was developed to measure terrain mechanical properties for the study of vehicle mobility. The bevameter test consists of penetration test to measure normal loads and shear test to determine shear loads exerted by a vehicle. Bevameter area size need to be the size of the wheel or track. DEM analysis can take data from one size and simulate bevameter performance for a different size.

External links
Terrain Trafficability Characterization with a Mobile Robot, Ojeda, L., Borenstein, J., Witus, G.

Soil science
Measuring instruments
Earth observation in-situ sensors
Terramechanics. Terramechanics is the study of soil properties, specifically the interaction of wheeled or tracked vehicles on various surfaces.

The rolling resistance of a tire on soft soil consists mainly of the following components:
soil compaction
the bulldozing-effect
displacement of soil particles
sidewall friction

See also 
Mieczysław G. Bekker
Bevameter
Jo Y. Wong
Bevameter

References

External links 
Journal of Terramechanics
The International Society for Terrain-Vehicle Systems

Soil
Jo Y. Wong. Jo Y. Wong is a Chinese mechanical engineer who is a professor emeritus and distinguished research professor at Carleton University.

Education 
Wong earned a Bachelor of Science degree from Tsinghua University and a PhD from Newcastle University. In 1986, Newcastle University awarded him an honorary D.Sc. in recognition of his research achievements.

Career 
After earning his PhD, Wong joined the Faculty of Engineering at Carleton University in 1968. He has been a fellow of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, and the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering. Wong has been presented with numerous awards including the George Stephenson Prize from the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Wong retired from the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at Carleton University in 1999 and became Professor Emeritus and Distinguished Research Professor.

His book, Theory of Ground Vehicles, is a seminal work, is widely cited. Wong's research interests include terramechanics, off-Road vehicle mobility, road vehicle dynamics, computer simulation of vehicle systems, computer-aided methods for design evaluation of transport vehicles, air cushion technology, and advanced guided ground transportation systems.

The J.Y. and E.W. Wong Research Award in Mechanical/Aerospace Engineering is awarded annually, when merited, to outstanding full-time PhD candidates in either mechanical or aerospace engineering. The recipient must have demonstrated excellence in research with potentially significant impact on engineering practice.

External links
Official faculty page of Jo Y. Wong (Carleton University website)
List of Jo Y. Wong publications (Carleton University website)

References

Canadian mechanical engineers
Canadian educators
Academic staff of Carleton University
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)

Tsinghua University alumni
Alumni of Newcastle University
Carbon monofluoride. Carbon monofluoride (CF, CFx, or (CF)n), also called polycarbon monofluoride (PMF),  polycarbon fluoride, poly(carbon monofluoride), and graphite fluoride, is a material formed by high-temperature reaction of fluorine gas with graphite, charcoal, or pyrolytic carbon powder. It is a highly hydrophobic microcrystalline powder. Its CAS number is . In contrast to graphite intercalation compounds it is a covalent graphite compound.

Carbon is stable in a fluorine atmosphere up to about 400 °C, but between 420-600 °C a reaction takes place to give substoichiometric carbon monofluoride, CF0.68 appearing dark grey. With increasing temperature and fluorine pressure stoichiometries up to CF1.12 are formed. With increasing fluorine content the colour changes from dark grey to cream white indicating the loss of the aromatic character. The fluorine atoms are located in an alternating fashion above and under the former graphene plane, which is now buckled due to formation of covalent carbon-fluorine bonds. Reaction of carbon with fluorine at even higher temperature successively destroys the graphite compound to yield a mixture of gaseous fluorocarbons such as tetrafluoromethane, CF4, and tetrafluoroethylene, C2F4.

In a similar fashion in 2001 it was found that the carbon allotrope fullerene, C60 reacts with fluorine gas to give fullerene fluorides with stoichiometries up to C60F48.

A precursor of carbon monofluoride is the fluorine-graphite intercalation compound, also called fluorine-GIC.

Other intercalation fluorides of carbon are:

 poly(dicarbon fluoride) ((C2F)n);
 tetracarbon monofluoride (TCMF, C4F).

Graphite fluoride is a precursor for preparation of graphene fluoride by a liquid phase exfoliation.

Application
Carbon monofluoride is used as a high-energy-density cathode material in lithium batteries of the "BR" type. Other uses are a wear reduction additive for lubricants, and weather-resistant additive for paints. Graphite fluoride is also used as both oxidizing agent and combustion modifier in rocket propellants and pyrolants.

Carbon monofluoride is commercially available as Carbofluor-brand materials.

References

 

Fluorides
Inorganic carbon compounds
Nonmetal halides
Bhira Hydroelectric Project. Bhira Hydroelectric Project is an electricity generating complex in Bhira, Maharashtra state, India. It generates power using water from the nearby Mulshi Dam. Bhira lies approximately 150 km from Mumbai. Its construction was completed in 1927.

Specifications
The plant's maximum output capacity is nominally 300 MW, generated by six 25 MW Pelton turbines and a 150 MW pumped storage generator added in 1997. In 2014 two 10 kW microturbine units were added to generate further power from the tailrace after the main turbines.

Awards
In 2007 the Central Electricity Authority (CEA) awarded a Silver Shield to the Bhira facility's operators, Tata Power, as the second best performing power station in the country. The plant received a further Silver Shield in the following year.

Location
Bhira's rural location makes it a leisure destination for Mumbai residents.

Climate
The following climate data is for Bhira village in which the plant is located.

Bhira has a tropical monsoon climate (Am) with little to no rainfall from November to May and extremely heavy rainfall from June to September when it is affected by the Arabian Sea branch of the South-west monsoon with moderately heavy rainfall in October.

References

Hydroelectric power stations in Maharashtra
Pumped-storage hydroelectric power stations in India
1927 establishments in India
Energy infrastructure completed in 1927
DNA field-effect transistor. A DNA field-effect transistor (DNAFET) is a field-effect transistor which uses the field-effect due to the partial charges of DNA molecules to function as a biosensor. The structure of DNAFETs is similar to that of MOSFETs, with the exception of the gate structure which, in DNAFETs, is replaced by a layer of immobilized ssDNA (single-stranded DNA) molecules which act as surface receptors. When complementary DNA strands hybridize to the receptors, the charge distribution near the surface changes, which in turn modulates current transport through the semiconductor transducer.

Arrays of DNAFETs can be used for detecting single nucleotide polymorphisms (causing many hereditary diseases) and for DNA sequencing. Their main advantage compared to optical detection methods in common use today is that they do not require labeling of molecules. Furthermore, they work continuously and (near) real-time. DNAFETs are highly selective since only specific binding modulates charge transport.

References

Biosensors
Biotechnology
Field-effect transistors
MOSFETs
Boogie Wings. Boogie Wings (known in Japan as ) is a horizontally scrolling shooter released in arcades by Data East in 1992. The game was never ported to home systems.

Gameplay

The game is set around the time of World War I, where the player maneuvers biplanes, automobiles, animals, and various other unidentifiable objects to battle an army of mech-wielding scientists. One of the game's bosses is a giant robot Santa Claus.

The player uses the 8-way joystick to control the biplane's movements, and the 2 buttons to shoot or hook enemies. The biggest characteristic of the player's biplane is the hook attached to its rear section. The hook is also controlled by the joystick, and enemies or objects that come in contact with the hook are dragged along by the plane. Dragged objects cause damage to anything they collide with, and the player can release the objects on the hook by pressing the hook button again. Dragged objects are destroyed when the player releases them from the hook, or if they collide enough times to break apart.

The ship's power gauge increases when the player taps the shot button rapidly, and filling up the gauge causes the plane to shoot a bolt of lightning that covers a large area of the screen. The plane overheats if the player taps the shot button too many times, so this attack must be used sparingly.

The game's graphics are highly detailed, and many of the backgrounds are likened to European towns and cities or World's fair-like scenes. Many of the game's background objects can also be destroyed or dragged around with the hook.

Vehicles
Though the player's main vehicle is the biplane, they can still continue on foot if their plane is shot down. The player can attack with a handgun while on foot, and can also ride various vehicles found along the way to make the progress easier. The vehicles include various animals such as giraffes, elephants, and horses, pogo sticks, bicycles, motorcycles, jeeps, and several types of robots that can hop and shoot missiles. Though the biplane is by far the most effective unit in terms of game completion, the presence of the ground units adds another layer of amusement to the game.

Development
Rohga: Armor Force was developed and released in Japan by Data East a year prior to Boogie Wings, and the vehicles in Boogie Wings were derived from the gameplay in Rohga: Armor Force, where the player could continue on foot even after their robot was destroyed.

References

External links
 Boogie Wings at Arcade History

1992 video games
Arcade video games
Arcade-only video games
Christmas video games
Data East video games
Horizontally scrolling shooters
Video games developed in Japan
Data East arcade games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Calorie Kun vs. Moguranian. Calorie Kun vs Moguranian is a platform game developed by Vic Tokai and published by Sega as an arcade video game in 1986.

Gameplay
The player controls "Calorie-Kun" an abstract, mole-like creature that must make its way around a number of tunnels with ladders, avoiding enemies and collecting the items placed around the screen; before quickly making its way to the exit. The player is armed with a limited number of bombs that can be used to destroy or disable enemies.

Calorie-kun faces a timer in the form of a calorie counter which is slowly counting down and may be replenished by fruit and other food items scattered throughout the level. If allowed to drop too low, Calorie-kun will grow anemic and slow down considerably. If raised too high too quickly, Calorie-kun instead becomes too fat to move around in most tunnels until the counter drops again, or may even explode if the counter reaches an extreme.

Reception 
In Japan, Game Machine listed Calorie Kun vs. Moguranian on their October 1, 1986 issue as being the tenth most-successful table arcade unit of the month.

References

External links
Calorie Kun vs. Moguranian at Arcade History

1986 video games
Arcade video games
Arcade-only video games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Multiplayer hotseat games
Sega arcade games
Vic Tokai games
Video games developed in Japan
Protocrystalline. A protocrystalline phase is a distinct phase occurring during crystal growth, which evolves into a microcrystalline form. The term is typically associated with silicon films in optical applications such as solar cells.

Applications

Silicon solar cells 
Amorphous silicon (a-Si) is a popular solar cell material owing to its low cost and ease of production. Owing to its disordered structure (Urbach tail), its absorption extends to the energies below the band gap, resulting in a wide-range spectral response; however, it has a relatively low solar cell efficiency. Protocrystalline Si (pc-Si:H) also has a relatively low absorption near the band gap, owing to its more ordered crystalline structure. Thus, protocrystalline and amorphous silicon can be combined in a tandem solar cell, where the top thin layer of a-Si:H absorbs short-wavelength light whereas the underlying protocrystalline silicon layer absorbs the longer wavelengths

See also 
Amorphous silicon
Crystallite
Multijunction
Polycarbonate (PC)
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)

References

External links 
 

Crystallography
Thin-film cells
Kinetic Engineering Limited. Kinetic Engineering Limited is an Indian automotive manufacturer. The company was founded in the year 1972 by H. K. Firodia. Today it is an automotive component manufacturer which formerly sold two-wheelers under the brand names Kinetic Honda and later Kinetic Motors. It introduced the Kinetic Luna moped which sold well domestically and was exported extensively to Argentina, Brazil, Sri Lanka, and the United States.

Later Kinetic Engineering formed a joint venture with Honda Motor Company to introduce Kinetic Honda scooters, which had electric start and gearless transmissions. Kinetic and Honda parted ways in 1998 when the Firodias bought the majority stake of the joint venture from Honda. In 2008, Kinetic entered into a joint venture with Mahindra Automobiles, where Mahindra held an 80% stake. By this joint venture, Mahindra acquired the two-wheeler manufacturing facilities as well as the then selling brands of Kinetic.

After ceasing two-wheeler manufacturing, Kinetic Engineering produces and exports automotive components. Kinetic Motors resumed operations in January 2011 and has announced plans to produce electric vehicles under the newly launched Kinetic Green Brand. A new version of the Luna called the E-LUNA launched in February 2024. The prebookings were open from on 26 Jan 2024 .

At present,KEL aims to re-enter the Motorcycle segment, having the Kinetic E-Luna and various other brands in production via its Subsidiary- Kinetic Green. The company is currently working on electric Two and Three wheelers.

In February 2014, Kinetic sold its stake in Mahindra Two-Wheelers to Samena Capital for 182 crore rupees.

In 2015 MV Agusta entered a partnership with Kinetic Group for its Indian debut.

See also 
 H. K. Firodia Awards

Notes

External links

Motorcycle manufacturers of India
Scooter manufacturers
Companies based in Pune
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1972
1972 establishments in Maharashtra
Indian companies established in 1972
Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange
Pacific Fighters. Pacific Fighters, known in Russia as Pearl Harbor (Перл-Харбор), is a World War II Combat flight simulation game for Microsoft Windows, developed in Russia by 1C:Maddox Games and distributed by Ubisoft in 2004. It is in fact a stand-alone expansion pack of IL-2 Sturmovik, released three years earlier in 2001, also developed by 1C:Maddox Games and distributed by Ubisoft. The latest version corresponds to the IL-2 Sturmovik: 1946 compilation, distributed by Ubisoft in 2006.

Pacific Fighters is played online by gamers (Online fighter squadron communities) using a standard IP address or a client server such as Hyperlobby regularly but can be flown offline as well. The game gives the player 74 flyable aircraft, including variants. It was created by Maddox Games, as a Pacific War expansion of IL-2 Sturmovik: Forgotten Battles, although it can also be installed as a stand-alone game. It has two types of missions that can be flown, "dogfights" or "cooperative campaign" modes. In either type, the player can play as either Allied or Axis forces, and the type of aircraft flown usually depends on the mission picked. The game also features a mission editor, allowing the player to make their own missions.

Reception

Pacific Fighters was met with positive reception upon release, as GameRankings gave it a score of 78.35%, while Metacritic gave it 76 out of 100.

During the 8th Annual Interactive Achievement Awards, the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences nominated Pacific Fighters for "Simulation Game of the Year", which was ultimately awarded to The Sims 2.

References

External links
IL-2 Sturmovik official website
 

1C Company games
2004 video games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Pacific War video games
Ubisoft games
Video games developed in Russia
Video games set in Oceania
Windows games
Windows-only games
World War II flight simulation video games
Burgess Model H. 

The Burgess Model H was an early United States airplane and one of the first air machines specifically designed and built for military use.

History
Classified as the "Model H military tractor", it was developed and built in 1912 by Burgess Company and Curtis, which in 1914 became the Burgess Company.

Powered by a 70 hp Renault engine with the propeller in the tractor configuration, the biplane trainer had tandem open cockpits after a redesign in 1914 by Grover Loening, then a civilian engineer with the U.S. Army. Loening was the first person to receive an advanced engineering degree in aeronautics, from Columbia University in 1910, and later was a founding member of both Sturtevant Aircraft Company and Loening Aircraft Engineering.

The Aeronautical Division, U.S. Signal Corps purchased its initial Burgess Model H as Signal Corps No. 9 in August 1912, then five more of the Loening design for the 1st Aero Squadron at North Field, California between November 1913 and July 1914. They were the 24th through 28th aircraft acquired by the Army. A seventh Model H went to the U.S. Navy, where it was known first as the D-2 and later as the AB-7 (Heavier-than-air/flying boat, model 7).

Operators

United States Army
United States Navy

Specifications

References

 
  Burgess Company airplanes, Aerofiles

Model H
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
1910s United States military trainer aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1912
Burgess Company. The Burgess Company was a U.S. airplane manufacturer between 1910 and 1918.

History
The business was incorporated in 1910 as the "Burgess Company and Curtis, Inc." (after W. Starling Burgess and Greely S. Curtis, its co-founders with Frank Henry Russell). The company was an offshoot of the W. Starling Burgess Shipyard, of Marblehead, Massachusetts.

Burgess was the first licensed aircraft manufacturer in the United States. On February 1, 1911, it received a license to build Wright aircraft from the Wright Brothers, who held several key aeronautical patents. Burgess was charged licensing fees of $1000 per aircraft and $100 per exhibition flight. In 1912 Burgess fitted some of its Wright Model F airplanes with pontoons, contrary to the Wright Company's licensing provisions, which permitted only exact copies of their designs. The license agreement was terminated by mutual consent in January 1914.

In the same month, January 1914, the organization became the Burgess Company, a name change to avoid confusion with the Curtiss Aeroplane and Engine Company. Greely S. Curtis continued as Treasurer and its major shareholder. Burgess designed and flight tested most of the aircraft that were manufactured at the two plant sites in Marblehead. Curtis was the company's financial and engineering adviser and Russell, formerly the manager of the Wright Company's Dayton factory, managed their production operations. The Burgess Company was acquired on February 10, 1914, by the Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company. The Burgess Company then operated as a manufacturing subsidiary producing Curtiss's naval training aircraft in late 1916 and continued to produce these aircraft under the Burgess name during World War I until its main production facility was totally destroyed by fire on November 8, 1918.

The company provided seaplanes and other aircraft to the military. The first tractor configuration airplane purchased by the U.S. Army was a Burgess H (S.C. No. 9) in August 1912. In September 1913, a Burgess Model F seaplane based on a modified Wright Model B design with pontoons, was delivered to the Signal Corps for use in the Philippines to maintain a flying school. The same aircraft (S.C. No. 17) in December 1914 was the first in the Army to demonstrate two-way air-to-ground radio communications.

Aircraft

See also 

 Glenn Curtiss
 W. Starling Burgess

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links 

 Replica of Famous WW1 Plane – 1914 Burgess Dunne
 The Most Talented Aviation Pioneer You Never Heard Of – Air and Space Magazine

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the United States
Companies based in Marblehead, Massachusetts