omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Mobile architecture. In the past computers needed to be disconnected from their internal network if they needed to be taken or moved anywhere. Mobile architecture allows maintaining this connection whilst during transit. Each day the number of mobile devices is increasing, mobile architecture is the pieces of technology needed to create a rich, connected user experience. 
Currently, there is a lack of uniform interoperability plans and implementation. There is a lack of common industry view on the architectural framework. This increases costs and slows down 3rd party mobile development. An open approach is required across all industries to achieve the same end results and services.

Important components of a mobile architecture
Scalability – A Architecture must be able to be utilized with all recovery requirements on both large and small scale.
Secure – Encryption is important, transmission protocols must support encryption (SSL)  secure transit such as HTTPS
Reliable – Reliability is always important in all technologies and mobile architecture is no different.

The basic and detailed architecture of the Mobile device consists of Hardware and Software architecture. The main hardware components
of the mobile phone are the application processor that controls all other components of the device such as display, keypad, power, audio, video etc. The radio signals are handled by base band
processor which in turn communicates with other processors to use their functionality. Power and audio processor controls the functioning of speaker and microphone with the help of application
processor. Subscriber Identification Module (SIM) contains the details about the subscriber.

Best practices
 Data should be populated for database views
 Use version numbers to track updates during synchronization
 Maintain only necessary user details in middle ware
 The application should recognize when CPU battery is low and adjust background running to low to extend battery power
 UI on multiple screens should have common elements

Future
A consortium of companies are pushing for products and services to be based on open, global standards, protocols and interfaces and are not locked to proprietary technologies. The applications layer to be bearer agnostic, for example: 
Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), 
General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), 
Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), 
Code-division multiple access (CDMA), 
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). 
The architecture framework and service enablers will be independent of operating systems. There will be support for inseparability of applications and platforms, seamless geographic and inter-generational roaming.

See also
Mobile Asset Management
Field Service Management
Device Management
Secure Mobile Architecture (SMA)

References

External links 
 Block diagram of the architecture of a fully equipped mobile phone
 Mobile Device Architecture–CS 4720, Mobile Application Development
 What is in your smartphone? - Gary explains

Mobile technology
Basic/Four. Basic/Four is a variety of Business Basic which originally ran on computers of the same name introduced in 1971. The company that produced the system, Management Assistance, Inc., was later known as Basic/Four Corporation, MAI Basic Four, Inc., and MAI Basic Four Information Systems.

Basic/Four Corporation was created as a subsidiary of Management Assistance, Inc. in Irvine, California. Basic/Four sold small business minicomputers that were assembled from Microdata Corporation CPUs.

MAI Basic Four Business Basic was one of the first commercially available business BASIC interpreters. MAI Basic Four (the company) originally sold minicomputers, but later offered superminicomputers and microcomputers. The computers ran an operating system with the BASIC interpreter integrated. The BASIC interpreter was written in TREE-META.

In 1985, Wall Street financier Bennett S. LeBow purchased the company after it had experienced significant operating financial losses. 

In 1988, LeBow used the company as a platform for an unsuccessful attempted hostile takeover of much larger Prime Computer.

In the mid-1980s, the company released accounting software for third-party microcomputers. In 1988, it released its own 80286-based workstation. 
The Basic4 system was utilized by many small banks and credit unions.

In 1990, the company changed its name to MAI Systems Corporation and changed its business to be a system integrator instead of a combined hardware and software manufacturer, reselling third-party computers but installing their own customer-specific software system. 

MAI Systems Corporation became a wholly owned subsidiary of Softbrands Inc. in 2006.

See also 
 MAI Systems Corp. v. Peak Computer, Inc.

References

External links
History of MAI
M.A.I. S10 Basic Four microcomputer system description
Pictures and descriptions of a few different Basic Four computers\

1971 establishments in California
2006 disestablishments in California
American companies established in 1971
American companies disestablished in 2006
BASIC interpreters
Computer companies established in 1971
Computer companies disestablished in 2006
Defunct computer companies of the United States
Defunct computer hardware companies
Helicopter deck. A helicopter deck (or helo deck) is a helicopter pad on the deck of a ship, usually located on the stern and always clear of obstacles that would prove hazardous to a helicopter landing. In the United States Navy, it is commonly and properly referred to as the flight deck.

In the UK's Fleet Air Arm, landing on is usually achieved by first lining up on the port quarter parallel to the ship's heading, then once the deck motion is deemed to be acceptable the pilot sidesteps the aircraft laterally using a white painted line (the bum line) as a reference.

Shipboard landing for some helicopters is assisted though use of a haul-down device that involves attachment of a cable to a probe on the bottom of the aircraft prior to landing.  Tension is maintained on the cable as the helicopter descends, assisting the pilot with accurate positioning of the aircraft on the deck; once on deck locking beams close on the probe, locking the aircraft to the flight deck. This device was pioneered by the Royal Canadian Navy and was called "Beartrap". The U.S. Navy implementation of this device, based on Beartrap, is called the "RAST" system (for Recovery Assist, Secure and Traverse) and is an integral part of the LAMPS Mk III (SH-60B) weapons system.

A secondary purpose of the haul-down device is to equalize electrostatic potential between the helicopter and ship. The whirling rotor blades of a helicopter can cause large electrical charges to build up on the airframe, large enough to cause injury to shipboard personnel should they touch any part of the helicopter as it approaches the deck. This was depicted in the 1990 film The Hunt for Red October, when Jack Ryan is flown out to a submarine by helicopter. Ryan is lowered to the submarine, but brushes the officer charged with trying to hook him who receives a minor injury.

Coaxial rotor helicopters in flight are highly resistant to side-winds, which makes them suitable for shipboard use, even without a rope-pulley landing system.

Marine and offshore helicopter decks on board offshore oil platforms and ships are typically regulated by the rules defined within CAP 437, which defines standards for the design, marking, and lighting of marine/offshore helicopter decks, and is produced by the Civil Aviation Authority. The largest marine helicopter decks will accommodate the Boeing CH-47 Chinook, which requires a D value of , and has a weight of 21.3 tons. More typical for vessels would be decks that will accommodate the Sikorsky S-92 with a D value of  and 11.9 tons.

See also
 Naval aviation
 Helipad
 Kaman HH-43 Huskie

References

Naval aviation technology
Graphical system design. Graphical system design (GSD) is a modern approach to designing measurement and control systems that integrates system design software with COTS hardware to dramatically simplify development. This approach combines user interfaces, models of computation, math and analysis, Input/output signals, technology abstractions, and various deployment target. It allows domain experts, or non- implementation experts, to access to design capabilities where they would traditionally need to outsource a system design expert.

This approach to system design is a super-set of electronic system-level (ESL) design. Graphical system design expands on the EDA-based ESL definition to include other types of embedded system design including industrial machines and medical devices. Many of these expanded applications can be defined as "the long tail" applications.

System-level design 
Graphical system design is an approach to designing an entire system, using more intuitive graphical software and off-the-shelf (non-custom) hardware devices to refine the design, create initial prototypes, and even use for few runs of deployment. The approach may involve Algorithm engineering. The approach can prove successful when designers need to get something to market quickly (medical video: ) or with a team of non-embedded experts like Boston Engineering  to create a mechatronics-based machine.
"Graphical system design is a complementary but encompassing platform-based approach that includes embedded and electronic system design, implementation, and verification tools. ESL and graphical system design are really part of the same movement--higher abstraction and more design automation looking to solve the real engineering challenges that designers are facing today--addressing design flaws that are introduced at the specification stage to ensure they're detected well before validation for on-time product delivery."

Tools 
Graphical system design relies on open connectivity. For example, tools that can be used in the design phase include (in alphabetical order): Ansoft Designer, AutoCAD, CarSim, DOORS, Dymola, LabVIEW, MSC.Adams, NI Multisim, NEi Nastran, SolidWorks, SPICE, OpenWire (library).

The prototyping stage is more about taking algorithm design and implementing them on hardware for higher quality designs. An effective prototyping platform includes a high-level language, real-time processors, FPGA logic, modular I/O and any intellectual property needed.

The deploy stage is mostly about hardware - where you put your design in the final stage. This may involve MPUs or FPGAs.

Examples 
Examples of engineers and scientists applying graphical system design techniques include:
 Graphical System Design for Digital Radio Mondiale
 Researchers Use Graphical System Design for Development and Control of Unmanned Underwater Vehicles
 Developing a Robotic Manipulator for Cancer Therapy Using Graphical System Design
 Graphical system design for embedded control systems

References 

Electronic design automation
Othmar Zeidler. Othmar Zeidler (29 August 1850 – 17 June 1911) was an Austrian chemist credited with the first synthesis of DDT.

He was born on 29 August 1850 in Vienna a son of the Viennese pharmacist Franz Zeidler. Othmar's brother, Franz Zeidler Jr. (1851–1901), also became a chemist and would collaborate with him on several projects. As a doctoral student with Adolf von Baeyer at the University of Strasbourg, then in Germany, Zeidler is credited with the first synthesis of the insecticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, or DDT in 1874. Othmar returned to Austria before 1876 and, after working at the I. chemischen Universitätslaboratorium at the University of Vienna, became a pharmacist in the Fünfhaus district of the capital. He died in Mauer near Vienna on 17 June 1911.

Notes

References

External links 
 History | CDC Malaria at www.cdc.gov
 

1850 births
1911 deaths
Austrian chemists
Chemists from Austria-Hungary
Austrian pharmacists
19th-century pharmacists
University of Strasbourg alumni
Scientists from Vienna
Aeromarine. The Aeromarine Plane and Motor Company was an early American aircraft manufacturer founded by Inglis M. Upperçu which operated from 1914 to 1930. From 1928 to 1930 it was known as the Aeromarine-Klemm Corporation.

History
The beginnings of the company dated to 1908, when Uppercu began to finance aeronautical experiments by the Boland brothers at Keyport, New Jersey. In 1914, Aeromarine itself was founded at Keyport with Uppercu as president. Aeromarine built mostly military seaplanes and flying boats, the most significant of which were the models 39 and 40. The company broke new ground in aviation by offering some of the first regularly scheduled flights. Aviation promoter Harry Bruno worked with Aeromarine to commercialize the transportation potential of airflight.

In 1928, the firm was renamed Aeromarine-Klemm Corporation and began producing mostly Klemm aircraft designs, until the Great Depression forced its closure in 1930.

The firm also built aero engines. After Aeromarine itself went out of business, the production of Aeromarine engines was continued by the Uppercu-Burnelli Corporation.

A subsidiary "Aeromarine Sightseeing and Navigation Company" merged with Florida West Indies Airways, Inc to form the Aeromarine West Indies Airways, later renamed to "Aeromarine Airways". it operated the Aeromarine 75 and Aeromarine 85 aircraft.

Products

Aircraft

Engines

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links

 The Aeromarine Website
 

Companies based in Monmouth County, New Jersey
Defunct companies based in New Jersey
Defunct aircraft engine manufacturers of the United States
Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the United States
Keyport, New Jersey
Centre for Research and Development on Information Technology and Telecommunication (Albania). The Centre for Research and Development on Information Technology and Telecommunication (), formerly known as INIMA or Institute of Informatics and Applied Mathematics is a research institute on technology in Tirana, Albania, affiliated since 2007 with the Polytechnic University of Tirana. It was founded in 1986 on the basis of the Center of Computational Mathematics (QMLL). The latter former was founded in 1971, depending from Tirana University (UT) and, in 1973, when the Academy of Sciences of Albania was founded, became one of the scientific institutions the Academy was composed of.

Having some of the most prominent experts in informatics and applied mathematics, INIMA has played a prime hand role in all informatics developments in Albania, in introduction of modern methods and technologies in different domains of Albanian reality such as: economics, engineering, geology&mining, medicine and health care, farming, animal breeding, etc.; in the preparation of new specialists as well as in offering different scientific services, installation and maintenance of computer systems, etc.

In 2007, with a Council of Ministers decision (#146 dated 28 March 2007), INIMA was dissolved and restructured as part of the Polytechnic University of Tirana. INIMA was renamed to "Centre for Research and Development on Information Technology and Telecommunication" (after Council of Ministers' decision #824 dated 05.12.2007).

See also
 List of universities in Albania

References

Educational organizations based in Albania
Science and technology in Albania
Scientific organizations based in Albania
Kawabata evaluation system. The Kawabata evaluation system (KES) is used to measure the mechanical properties of fabrics. The system was developed by a team led by Professor Kawabata in the department of polymer chemistry, Kyoto University Japan.

KES is composed of four different machines on which a total of six tests can be performed:
 Tensile & shear tester – tensile, shear
 Pure bending tester – pure bending
 Compression tester – compression
 Surface tester – surface friction and roughness

The evaluation can include measurement of the transient heat transfer properties associated with the sensation of coolness generated when fabrics contact the skin during wear. The KES not only predicts human response but understands the perception of softness.

External links 
 Discussion of Kawabata System at NC State U website

References 

Textiles
Hall-Scott A-7. The Hall-Scott A-7 was an early liquid-cooled aircraft engine manufactured by the Hall-Scott company of Berkeley, California. Using a straight-4 configuration, the engine developed 90 horsepower (67 kW) as the A-7 and 100 horsepower (75 kW) as the A-7a. In service these engines suffered from reliability problems and were prone to catch fire while in operation.

Variants
 A-7: The A-7 used the same cylinders as the earlier Hall-Scott A-5. Bore: , stroke: , displacement: , weight: , power:  at 1,400 rpm, weight: 
  A-7a: The A-7a used the same cylinders as the earlier Hall-Scott A-5a.

Applications
 Aeromarine 39 (A-7a)
 Aeromarine M-1 (A-7a)
 Dayton-Wright FS (A-7a)
 Standard J-1

In 2017 about seven A-7a engines were still in use in Edwardian racing cars, mostly in the United Kingdom.

Engines on display
 A Hall-Scott A-7a is on public display at the Aerospace Museum of California.
 A Hall-Scott A-7a is in ownership of the National Air and Space Museum.
 A Hall-Scott A-7a is on public display at the Museum of Flight.

 A Hall-Scott A-7a is on public display at the Hiller Aviation Museum.

Specifications (A-7a)

See also

References

 Gunston, Bill. (1986). World Encyclopaedia of Aero Engines. Patrick Stephens: Wellingborough. p. 73

External links

 Photo of an A-7 at passion-aviation.qc.ca 

1910s aircraft piston engines
Tom Bethel. Thomas J. Bethel is an American labor leader.  He was elected national president of American Maritime Officers in 2008. He was reelected as AMO National President in 2010. He had been appointed as the national president of the American Maritime Officers union (AMO) on January 8, 2007 by the union's National Executive Committee. Bethel formerly served as AMO's national executive vice-president, which is the third highest position in the union.

Bethel sailed with AMO as a Chief Engineer for several years before being named a union representative in 1986.  He later served as an executive board member and as the national assistant vice president at large.

See also

 Michael McKay
 Michael Sacco
 American Maritime Officers
 Seafarers International Union

References

External links
American Maritime Officers website

American trade union leaders
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Network delay. Network delay is a design and performance characteristic of a telecommunications network. It specifies the latency for a bit of data to travel across the network from one communication endpoint to another. It is typically measured in multiples or fractions of a second. Delay may differ slightly, depending on the location of the specific pair of communicating endpoints. Engineers usually report both the maximum and average delay, and they divide the delay into several parts:
 Processing delay time it takes a router to process the packet header
 Queuing delay time the packet spends in routing queues
 Transmission delay time it takes to push the packet's bits onto the link
 Propagation delay time for a signal to propagate through the media

A certain minimum level of delay is experienced by signals due to the time it takes to transmit a packet serially through a link. This delay is extended by more variable levels of delay due to network congestion. IP network delays can range from a few milliseconds to several hundred milliseconds.

See also
 Age of Information
 End-to-end delay
 Lag (video games)
 Latency (engineering)
 Minimum-Pairs Protocol
 Round-trip delay

References

External links
 
 

Computer networking
Role-based collaboration. Role-Based Collaboration (RBC) represents an emerging research area.

RBC is an approach that can be used to integrate the theory of roles into Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) systems and other computer-based systems. It consists of a set of concepts, principles, mechanisms and methods. RBC presents challenges and benefits not found in traditional CSCW systems. This research will bring exciting improvements to the development and application of CSCW systems and methodologies of collaboration.

Even though we proposed RBC from the point of view of CSCW, we could expand RBC to more fields. RBC can be divided into two categories: special RBC and general RBC. Special RBC means role-based CSCW or HCI. To perform better system analysis, design, implementation, application and evaluations, it is hoped to apply role theory to CSCW or Human Computer Interaction (HCI) systems. Therefore, the gap can be bridged between their developers and the sociologists who are more concerned with the usability of CSCW systems. General RBC is to extend special RBC to the areas such as software engineering, social psychology, organization, management, and artificial intelligence (AI). General RBC considers not only supporting cooperation among people (CSCW) with computers but also that among the components of a system and between people and machines

See also 
 Role-playing game
 Commons-based peer production
 Enterprise social networking

References

Human–computer interaction
Aeromarine 40. 

The Aeromarine 40F was an American two-seat flying-boat training aircraft produced for the US Navy and built by the Aeromarine Plane and Motor Company of Keyport, New Jersey. Fifty out of an original order for 200 were delivered before the end of World War I, with the remainder cancelled due to the armistice.

The aircraft was a biplane with a pusher propeller. The pilot and instructor sat side by side. The Aeromarine 41 developed from the Aeromarine 40. At least some of the Model 40s were later converted to Model 41s.

Operators

Brazilian Naval Aviation

United States Navy

Variants
Model 40, 40B - Civilian 140 hp Hispano Suiza
Model 40C - 150 hp Aeromarine
Model 40L - 140 hp Aeromarine L
Model 40T - 100 hp Curtiss OXX-6
Model 40U - 100 hp Aeromarine U-6

Specifications (40F)

General characteristics
 Crew: two, pilot and instructor
 Length:  28 ft 11 in (8.8 m)
 Wingspan: 48 ft 6 in (14.8 m)
 Height:  m (ft in)
 Wing area: ft2 (m2)
 Empty weight: 2,061 lb (935 kg)
 Maximum weight: 2,592 lb (1,175 kg)
 Powerplant: 1 × Curtiss OXX V-8, 100 hp (72 kW)

Performance
 Maximum speed: 71 mph (114 km/h)
 Range:   250 miles (403 km)
 Service ceiling: 3,500 ft (1,067 m)
 Rate of climb: ft/min (m/min)

References

 Taylor, J. H. (ed) (1989) Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. Studio Editions: London. p. 29
 Department of the Navy. Naval Historical Center (website).

External links

, from Naval Historical Center

Biplanes
Single-engined pusher aircraft
1910s United States military trainer aircraft
Flying boats
040
Aircraft first flown in 1919
IA-32 Execution Layer. The IA-32 Execution Layer (IA-32 EL) is a software emulator in the form of a software driver that improves performance of 32-bit applications running on 64-bit Intel Itanium-based systems, particularly those running Linux and Windows Server 2003 (it is included in Windows Server 2003 SP1 and later and in most Linux distributions for Itanium). The IA-32 EL bypasses the slow x86 hardware emulation which is available on pre-Montecito Itanium models.

The IA-32 EL used a two-phase (later three-phase) approach: initially it quickly translated every piece of code at a basic block level, adding certain instrumentation for detecting hot code; then hot code was dynamically optimized at a super-block level, and the optimized translated code replaced cold code on the fly. Later interpretation engine was added that allowed to avoid altogether translation of code executed just a few times - cold non-optimized translation became thus the second phase, and hot optimized translation became the third phase. IA-32 Execution Layer supported self-modifying code, and could even optimize it quite well.

Part of the software is under the LGPL and part is under an Intel proprietary license.

See also
 Itanium
 List of Intel Itanium microprocessors

References

External links
 Intel® Itanium® Processor Family Reference Guide: IA-32 Execution Layer

Device drivers
Intel
X86 emulators