omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Troy Hartman. Troy Hartman (born October 31, 1971) is a professional aerial stuntman, skydiver and inventor. He is an X Games gold medalist for skysurfing and accomplished television host for many shows, most notably the MTV series Senseless Acts of Video. He was the face of the award-winning 1998 Pepsi Super Bowl commercial.

Most recently, Troy built a jet-powered personal backpack and used it on skis and in flight. With the device he was capable of skiing uphill and attaining speeds of up to 47 mph. It can take off from the ground.

In 2011, he was developing a jet wing similar to that used by Yves Rossy.

Life and works 
Hartman began his work in aviation as a cadet at the United States Air Force Academy, where he developed his skills as a pilot and skydiver. He took up skysurfing in 1993 and competed professionally in the sport alongside Rob Harris (skysurfer) and Patrick de Gayardon. Upon winning the 1997 X Games, he was chosen for the 1998 Pepsi "Goose" Super Bowl commercial, which was voted the #1 ad by the USA Today Super Bowl Ad Meter.

In 1999, Troy was selected as the host and stuntman for the MTV show "Senseless Acts of Video". Over three seasons of the show, he performed multiple first-ever stunts, including the "Plane-to-Plane Skydiving Transfer" and "Parachute on Fire".

Some of Hartman's other television show appearances include hosting 13 episodes of No Boundaries on The WB Television Network, host of the Discovery Channel series "Secrets to Survival", and a stint as the weather man for Good Morning America.

In 2008, Troy began working on his version of the "Jet Wing", which led to the development of a personal jet-backpack. In January 2011, he tested this new device on skis, which proved capable of propelling him uphill and at speeds reaching close to 50 mph. In August 2012, Troy successfully used his jet-backpack to fly with a "speed wing", as part of testing toward his jetwing design.

Troy has a degree in Aeronautical Engineering.

Personal life
Troy is married to Sara Hartman and has a daughter Sofia.

References

Further reading 
"Sky Riders – These Surfers Keep Feats in the Clouds, Find Niche Hanging 10 on Horizon" from Los Angeles Daily News

External links 
Official site
Youtube: Troy Hartman with 2-motor jetpack and parafoil

1971 births
Living people
American stunt performers
American television hosts
American skydivers
United States Air Force Academy alumni
21st-century American inventors
Worldwide Ultralite Skyraider S/S. The Worldwide Skyraider S/S, also called the SkyRaider S/S, is an American ultralight aircraft that was designed and produced by Worldwide Ultralite Industries in the early 1980s. The aircraft was supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

Design and development
The aircraft was designed to comply with the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules, including the category's maximum empty weight of . The aircraft has a standard empty weight of . It features a cable-braced high-wing, a wide single-seat, open cockpit, tricycle landing gear and a single engine in pusher configuration.

The aircraft is made from aluminum tubing, with the wings and tail surfaces covered in Dacron sailcloth. Its  span wing is cable braced from a single kingpost. The pilot is accommodated on a double-width seat designed for wide and heavy pilots or for two smaller people, to a maximum occupant weight of . The standard Kawasaki 440  engine is mounted at the trailing edge of the wing, with the rearwards-facing propeller in between the tail boom tubing.

Specifications (Skyraider S/S)

References

External links
Photo of a Skyraider S/S

1980s United States ultralight aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Worldwide Ultralite aircraft
Edwin E. Woodman. Edwin Ellis Woodman (June 1, 1838August 29, 1912) was an American engineer and Republican politician.  He was a member of the Wisconsin State Senate, representing Juneau and Sauk counties in the 1880 and 1881 sessions.

Biography
Edwin Woodman was born in St. Louis, Missouri, on June 1, 1838.  He was raised and educated in St. Louis until the death of his father in 1853.  He and his mother then moved to Monroe, Wisconsin, where he completed his education and began his interest in engineering, studying under Joseph Thompson Dodge.  He briefly attended the University of Wisconsin to improve his understanding of higher mathematics, but could not afford to continue his studies.  He took up teaching in order to finance his further education, but his work was interrupted by the outbreak of the American Civil War.

He helped raised a company of volunteers for service in the Union Army and was elected their captain.  His company was enrolled as Company B in the 13th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment.  He served a full three year enlistment, but for much of the time he was detailed as an engineering aide on the staff of Brigadier General Robert S. Granger and later Major General Lovell Rousseau.

After leaving federal service, he returned to Monroe, where he was employed as principal of the high school.  He was soon hired as an engineer on railroad projects, but the work mostly dried up in the Panic of 1873.  At that time, he went to work as an editor for a weekly newspaper—the Baraboo Republic.  He was publisher of the paper for six years, during which time he was granted an honorary engineering degree from the University of Wisconsin.

In 1879, he was elected to the Wisconsin State Senate, running on the Republican Party ticket.  He represented the 14th State Senate district, which then comprised Juneau and Sauk counties.

At the end of his two year term, he returned to the railroad industry, working on the Chicago & North Western Railway Company.  In 1884, he was elected secretary of the Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha Railway.  He worked in that role until he was compelled to retire in 1907 due to poor health.

His health never fully recovered and he died at his summer home in Shell Lake, Wisconsin, in August 1912.

Near the end of his life, he published a narrative called Damien and Dutton which focused on the story of Joseph Dutton, who had served with Woodman in the 13th Wisconsin Infantry and spent the rest of his life working as a Catholic missionary with Father Damien in Hawaii, ministering to the leper colony on Molokai.

Electoral history

Wisconsin Senate (1879)

| colspan="6" style="text-align:center;background-color: #e9e9e9;"| General Election, November 4, 1879

Published works

References

External links

The Political Graveyard

Politicians from St. Louis
Politicians from Janesville, Wisconsin
People from Monroe, Wisconsin
People from Baraboo, Wisconsin
Politicians from Sauk County, Wisconsin
Republican Party Wisconsin state senators
People of Wisconsin in the American Civil War
Union army officers
1838 births
1912 deaths
People from Shell Lake, Wisconsin
19th-century members of the Wisconsin Legislature
Hatfield Little Bird. The Hatfield Little Bird aircraft are a continuation of the Arup series of low aspect ratio aircraft.

Development
In the late 1920s, Cloyd Snyder of South Bend, Indiana, developed a series of "Heel Lift" low aspect ratio aircraft inspired by the gliding properties of felt heel inserts. South Bend native, Milt Hatfield had built a homebuilt aircraft at the same time. Seeking flying lessons while grounded by his father, he donated parts of his aircraft to the Arup S-2 project in exchange for flying lessons. Years later, Hatfield taught the buyer of the S-2 how to fly the plane, and salvaged parts from his own plane to keep it going. After Arup Manufacturing Corporation went out of business, Hatfield promised Snyder he would make one of his own.

Operational history
All three Little Bird aircraft were bought by one owner and are awaiting restoration.

Variants
Hatfield Prototype
A wood and fabric heel lift aircraft started in the 1980s and scrapped.
Hatfield Prototype 2
Another straight winged wood and fabric aircraft scrapped after one flight.
Little Bird #1
An ultralight swept wing heel lift.
Little Bird #2
N7019P A heavier experimental category aircraft. (1988) 
Little Bird #3
An advanced ultralight design with a 27hp Rotax.

Specifications (Little Bird #1)

See also

References

External links
Little Bird website
Flying with Milt

Homebuilt aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1986
1980s United States sport aircraft
1980s United States ultralight aircraft
Michael Nobel Energy Award. The Michael Nobel Energy Award is a proposed prize announced in 2007 by some members of the Nobel family and the Nobel Charitable Trust (founded by Michael Nobel, Peter Nobel, Gustaf Nobel and Philip Nobel). It would award innovations in alternative energy technology. It has not yet been awarded. The prize would be awarded by the Nobel Charitable Trust and not by the Nobel Foundation, the organization that awards the Nobel Prizes.

The plan was announced at nanoTX 07. The Nobel Foundation quickly reacted by threatening legal action for "clear misuse of the reputation and goodwill of the Nobel Prize and the associations of integrity and eminence that has been created over time and through the efforts of the Nobel Committees". Michael Sohlman, Director of the Nobel Foundation and the elected head of the Nobel family disapproved to the institution of the so-called 'Dr. Michael Nobel Award' as well as the Nobel Charitable Trust (NCT) and Nobel Family Benevolent society.

References

Nobel Prize
No. 6 Airfield Construction Squadron RAAF. No. 6 Airfield Construction Squadron (No. 6 ACS) was a Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) construction squadron. It was formed as  No. 6 Mobile Works Squadron in December 1942 and operated in the New Guinea Campaign and Borneo Campaign during World War II. No. 6 ACS was disbanded in December 1945.

References
 
 

6
6
Airfield
Military units and formations of the Royal Australian Air Force in World War II
Military units and formations disestablished in 1945
American Airways Hangar and Administration Building. The American Airways Hangar and Administration Building is located on the grounds of Fort Worth Meacham International Airport in Fort Worth, Texas. The hangar and office opened in 1933 and cost $150,000 to construct. The two-story building measures 235 feet by 120 feet and is constructed of brick, steel and reinforced concrete. The hangar was designed by Russian-born architect Abraham Epstein.

It is the oldest building of Meacham Field. The southern, hangar portion is about two-thirds of the building;  the two-story brick administration building portion makes up about one-third, on the north. It has fluted cast stone pilasters, which include the American Airlines eagle in bas-relief capitals. The eagle appears above "American Airways" written in cast stone at the middle of the administration building.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 16, 2008.

See also

National Register of Historic Places listings in Tarrant County, Texas

References

External links

National Register of Historic Places in Fort Worth, Texas
Aircraft hangars on the National Register of Historic Places
Transportation buildings and structures in Fort Worth, Texas
Air transportation buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places
1933 establishments in Texas
Reduced viscosity. In fluid dynamics, the reduced viscosity of a polymer is the ratio of the relative viscosity increment () to the mass concentration of the species of interest (c). It has units of volume per unit mass. 

The reduced viscosity is given by: 

 

where  is the relative viscosity increment given by  (Where  is the viscosity of the solvent.)

See also
Relative viscosity 
Viscosity
Intrinsic viscosity
Huggins equation

References

Viscosity
Soft launch (missile). Soft launching is the method of launching a missile (such as an anti-tank guided missile) in such a way that the rocket motor ignites outside of the launch tube; the missile is ejected non-explosively. The objective is to minimize the risk of damage to the launcher by maintaining a safe distance.  This is in contrast with hard launching, where the missile's rocket engine is ignited while still inside the launch assembly or tube, which generates a backblast area.

A similar concept called cold launch was pioneered by the Soviet Union for application in vertical launch system clusters on board ships.

Examples 
Man-portable anti-tank guided missiles:

References

Missile launchers
Missile operation
VinyLoop. VinyLoop is a proprietary physical plastic recycling process for polyvinyl chloride (PVC). It is based on dissolution in order to separate PVC from other materials or impurities.

Background 
A major factor of the recycling of polyvinyl chloride waste is the purity of the recycled material. In most composite materials, PVC is among several other materials, such as wood, metal, or textile. To make new products from the recycled PVC, it is necessary to separate it from other materials. Traditional recycling methods are not sufficient and expensive because this separation has to be done manually and product by product.

VinyLoop is a recycling process which separates PVC from other materials through a process of dissolution, filtration and separation of contamination. A solvent is used in a closed loop to elute PVC from the waste. This makes it possible to recycle composite structure PVC waste, which would normally be incinerated or put in a landfill site.

Process 
The process consists of the following steps:

 Pre-treatment: waste plastics are cleaned, ground and mixed
 Dissolution: a specific solvent is used to selectively dissolve the PVC compound in a closed loop
 Filtration: impurities which have not been dissolved are removed through filtration—they are separated by type of material by filtration, centrifugation and decantation. After separation, the secondary materials are washed with pure solvent to dissolve all remaining PVC compounds
 Precipitation of the regenerated PVC compound: the solution of PVC is recovered in a precipitation tank, where steam is injected to evaporate the solvent and precipitate the PVC. The PVC compound is separated in the form of aqueous effluent. and dried.
 Drying: after recovering the excess water from the slurry, the wet PVC goes to a dryer.

Possible products made from recycled PVC are coatings for waterproofing membranes, pond foils, shoe soles, hoses, diaphragms tunnel, coated fabrics, and PVC sheets. It is an attempt to solve the recycling waste problem of PVC products.

Ecological importance 
VinyLoop-based recycled PVC's primary energy demand is 46 percent lower than conventional produced PVC. The global warming potential is 39 percent lower.

The VinyLoop process has been selected to recycle membranes of different temporary venues of the London Olympics 2012. Roofing covers of the Olympic Stadium, the Water Polo Arena, the London Aquatics Centre and the Royal Artillery Barracks will be deconstructed and a part will be recycled in the VinyLoop process.

Closure 

Since the process could not remove low molecular weight phthalate plasticizers during recycling, tightening EU regulations meant the recycling plant based in Ferrara, Italy has closed as of 28 June 2018.

See also 

Plastic pressure pipe systems
Plastic recycling
Polyvinyl fluoride
Polyvinylidene chloride
Polyvinylidene fluoride
Smart polymer
Vinyl roof membrane

References

External links

Recycling
Green chemistry
Chemical processes
Separation processes
Bell Sidewinder. The Bell Sidewinder is an American ultralight aircraft, supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

Design and development
The Sidewinder is a copy of the Phantom X1 that was built by former Phantom Aeronautics employee Fred Bell. It was designed to comply with the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules, including the category's maximum empty weight of . The aircraft has a standard empty weight of . It features a cable-braced high-wing, a single-seat, open cockpit, tricycle landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration.

The aircraft is made from bolted-together aluminum tubing, with the flying surfaces covered in Dacron sailcloth. The Sidewinder differs from the X1 in having flaps. Its  span wing is cable-braced from an inverted "V" kingpost mounted on top of the wing. The landing gear has suspension on all wheels and features a steerable nosewheel, plus main wheel brakes. The pilot is accommodated on an open seat, partially enclosed by a fibreglass fairing with a windshield. The standard engine provided was the Kawasaki TA 440A snowmobile powerplant of .

Specifications (Sidewinder)

See also

References

1980s United States ultralight aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Parasol-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Worldwide Ultralite Spitfire. The Worldwide Ultralite Spitfire is an American ultralight aircraft that was designed by Fred Bell and manufactured by Worldwide Ultralite Industries and later by Don Ecker and Air Magic Ultralights of Houston, Texas. The aircraft was supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

Design and development
The Spitfire is a derivative of the Phantom X1 that was created by former Phantom Aeronautics employee Fred Bell, who also designed the Bell Sidewinder. The Spitfire was designed to comply with the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules, including the category's maximum empty weight of . The aircraft has a standard empty weight of . It features a strut-braced high-wing, a single-seat, open cockpit, tricycle landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration.

The aircraft is made from bolted-together aluminum tubing, with the flying surfaces covered in Dacron sailcloth. The Spitfire differs from the X1 in having flaps, struts in place of cable-bracing, a centre stick and a cog-belt reduction drive. Its  span wing is supported by "V" struts and jury struts. The pilot is accommodated on an open seat, partially enclosed by a fibreglass fairing with a windshield. The standard engine initially provided was the Kawasaki 440 snowmobile powerplant of .

The design pushes the empty weight limits set by FAR 103 and thus has to be built carefully and cannot be fitted with options if it is to be legally flown in this category.

A two-seat version in side-by-side configuration was also produced by Air Magic Ultralights. Powered by a Rotax 503 two-stroke powerplant of , it has a gross weight of .

Variants
Spitfire
Single seat version powered by a  Rotax 447 engine. It was offered in Ultralight and Super Sport configurations, with the latter having a larger engine, more instruments, sprung steel landing gear, an auxiliary fuel tank and wheel pants.
Spitfire II
Two seats in side-by-side configuration version powered by a  Rotax 503 engine. It was offered in an Elite configuration that included bucket seats, a larger engine and a  fuel tank.

Specifications (Spitfire)

See also

References

External links
Photo of Spitfire in flight

1980s United States ultralight aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Worldwide Ultralite aircraft
Now the Chips Are Down. "Now the Chips Are Down" is a 1978 British television documentary episode about the importance and influence of microprocessors within the UK economy. Aired by the BBC as part of its Horizon series, it was  produced by BBC Television and narrated by British radio and television presenter Paul Vaughan.

The documentary is a report on the "applications and implications" of microprocessors to employment within the British economy. Science historian Robert M. Young wrote in 1981 that the programme played an "important part" in raising awareness about microprocessors within government and the general public.

Consequences 
Britain's lagging place in the worldwide technology race was widely acknowledged after the documentary was screened. The UK government launched the Microelectronics Education Programme in 1981, with a budget of more than . This included nationwide discounts on computers to schools and colleges, and was followed by government backing of the BBC's Computer Literacy Project. Funding for related education schemes continued until 1988.

References

External links 
 "Now the Chips Are Down" at DocuWiki.net
 Now the Chips Are Down on the BBC iPlayer. This link contains the whole programme and also a studio discussion, but non-UK IP addresses are geo-blocked and cannot watch it.
 
 "Now the Chips Are Down" at Archive.org

1978 British television episodes
BBC television documentaries
History of computing in the United Kingdom
Horizon (British TV series)
BBC Two original programming
Zenair CH 640. The Zenair Zodiac CH 640 is a Canadian light aircraft that was designed by Chris Heintz and is produced by Zenair in the form of a kit for amateur construction.

Design and development
The CH 640 was developed from the two-seat type certified AMD Alarus, also called the Zenair CH 2000, by increasing the span of the wings and stabilator, to accommodate the larger engine and increase in gross weight.  The design was also influenced by the Zenith CH 601 and the Zenair CH 300. The design goals were to produce a simple four-seat aircraft capable of flying cross country flights with full seats.

The CH 640 is a four-seat, low-wing touring aircraft with tricycle landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration. It has a standard empty weight of , a gross weight of  and an acceptable engine power range of . The recommended engine is the Lycoming O-360 of .

The aircraft is made from 6061-T6 aluminum. Its  span wing is a cantilever structure and is equipped with flaps. The  wide cabin is accessed via two gull-winged doors. The construction time from the factory-supplied standard kit is estimated at 1250 hours to complete and the quick-build kit at 750 hours. In 2011 the kit cost US$28,995, while finishing a completed aircraft was estimated to cost between US$45,000 to $99,000, depending on options, engine and avionics installed. In December 2011 there were 50 completed and flying.

Operational history
In evaluating the CH 640 AeroNews Network said, "It's a tremendously stable little airplane and a fair amount faster than what you might think."

Specifications (CH 640)

References

External links

Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Zenair aircraft
David Ewins. David John Ewins  (25 March 1942 – 25 January 2023) was a British mechanical engineer. He was Director of the Bristol Laboratory for Advanced Dynamics Engineering (BLADE) at University of Bristol from 2007 to 2015.

Life and career
Ewins studied mechanical engineering at Imperial College London, and studied for a PhD at the University of Cambridge. He was Professor of Vibration Engineering at Imperial College London.

Ewins was acting director of the AgustaWestland UTC.

Ewins was appointed a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering and Fellow of the Royal Society in 2006.

Ewins was appointed a Fellow of the Society for Experimental Mechanics in 2014.

Ewins died on 25 January 2023, at the age of 80.

References

External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20111020144743/http://www.sem.org/PDF/XXX_Honorary.pdf

1942 births
2023 deaths
British mechanical engineers
Academics of the University of Bristol
Alumni of Imperial College London
Fellows of the Royal Society
Fellows of the Society for Experimental Mechanics