omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Inventor (disambiguation). An inventor is a person who creates or discovers new methods, means, or devices for performing a task.

Inventor may also refer to:

Inventor (patent), the legal term referring to the claimant of a patentable invention
Inventor (Role Variant), a psychological temperament or role, correlated with Myers-Briggs ENTP personality type
Open Inventor, a 3D graphics toolkit
Autodesk Inventor, a 3D Computer-Aided Design application

Film
The Inventor (1981 film), a 1981 Swiss-German comedy drama film by Kurt Gloor.
The Inventor: Out for Blood in Silicon Valley, a 2019 American documentary film about Elizabeth Holmes and her former company Theranos
The Inventor (2023 film), an animated film about Leonardo da Vinci.

See also

The Inventors (disambiguation)
Inventory (disambiguation)
Invention (disambiguation)
List of inventors
Dual-mode (disambiguation). Dual-mode mostly refers to vehicle related technologies in terms of used infrastructure:
Dual-mode vehicles
or in terms of power source:
Dual-mode bus
Global Hybrid Cooperation for the General Motors/DaimlerChrysler/BMW hybrid vehicle technology often called "Dual-Mode"
Electro-diesel locomotives, sometimes called "dual-mode" or "dual-mode power" locomotives
It can also refer to:
Dual-mode mobiles
KALI (electron accelerator). The KALI (Kilo Ampere Linear Injector) is a linear electron accelerator being developed in India by Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC). It is rumoured to have directed-energy weapon capabilities.

Overview 
The KALI is a particle accelerator. It emits powerful pulses of electrons.  Other components in the machine down the line convert the electron energy into EM radiation, which can be adjusted to x-ray or microwave frequencies.

This has fueled rumours that the KALI could, one day be used in a high-power microwave gun, which could destroy incoming missiles and aircraft through soft-kill (destroying the electronic circuitry on the missile).

History

The  project was first founded by Dr. P.H. Ron, and mooted in 1985 by the then Director of the BARC, Dr. R. Chidambaram. Work on the project began in 1989, being developed by the Accelerators & Pulse Power Division of the BARC.  DRDO is also involved with this project. It was initially developed for industrial applications, although defence applications became clearer later.

The first accelerators had an electron beam power of ~0.4GW, which increased as later versions were developed. These were the KALI 80, KALI 200, KALI 1000, and the KALI 5000.

The KALI-5000 was commissioned for use in late 2004.

Applications

The KALI has been put to various uses by the DRDO.

The X-rays emitted are being used in Ballistics research as an illuminator for ultrahigh speed photography by the Terminal Ballistics Research Institute (TBRL) in Chandigarh. The Microwave emissions are used for EM Research.
 
The microwave-producing version of KALI has also been used by the DRDO scientists for testing the vulnerability of the electronic systems of the Light Combat Aircraft (LCA), which was then under development.

It has also helped in designing electrostatic shields to "harden" the LCA and missiles from microwave attack by the enemy as well as protecting  satellites against deadly Electromagnetic Impulses (EMI) generated by nuclear weapons and other cosmic disturbances, which "fry" and destroy electronic circuits.  Electronic components currently used in missiles can withstand fields of approximately 300 V/cm, while the fields in case of an EMI attack can reach thousands of V/cm.

See also

 Defence industry of India
 DRDO Smart Anti-Airfield Weapon
 Indian Space Research Organisation
 Guided missiles of India
 India and weapons of mass destruction 
 Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme

References

External links
 http://www.barc.gov.in/btdg/appd/power.html

Particle accelerators
Military equipment of India
Defence Research and Development Organisation
Robert Williams (robot fatality). Robert Nicholas Williams (May 2, 1953 – January 25, 1979) was an American factory worker who was the first known human to be killed by a robot. While working at the Ford Motor Company's Michigan Casting Center, Williams was struck and killed by the arm of a robotic transfer vehicle.

Death and litigation

Williams was one of three operators of the parts retrieval system, a five-story robotic system built by the Unit Handling Systems division of Litton Industries. The robot was designed to retrieve castings from high density storage shelves at the Flat Rock plant. Part of the machine included one-ton transfer vehicles, which were carts on rubber wheels equipped with mechanical arms to move castings to and from the shelves. When the robot gave erroneous inventory readings, Williams was asked to climb into the racks to retrieve parts manually. Another news account states the robot was not retrieving parts quickly enough.

He climbed into the third level of the storage rack, where he was struck from behind and crushed by one of the one-ton transfer vehicles, killing him instantly. His body remained in the shelf for 30 minutes until it was discovered by workers who were concerned about his disappearance.

His family sued the manufacturers of the robot, Litton Industries, alleging "that Litton was negligent in designing, manufacturing and supplying the storage system and in failing to warn [system operators] of foreseeable dangers in working within the storage area." In a 1983 jury decision, the court awarded his estate $10 million — the largest personal injury in Michigan at the time — and concluded that there simply were not enough safety measures in place to prevent such an accident from happening. The award was raised to $15 million in January 1984. Litton settled with the estate of Williams for an undisclosed amount in exchange for Litton not admitting negligence.

Litton had sought indemnification and recovery of judgment costs from Ford because Ford had not sent Williams to Litton-provided training and allowed Williams to enter the rack without engaging the lockout–tagout system, which shuts down the machine. Since Litton had already settled with the estate of Williams, the Michigan Court of Appeals denied the action, and that decision was later upheld by the Supreme Court of Michigan.

See also
Kenji Urada (1943/1944–1981), a Japanese man killed by a robot in 1981
List of unusual deaths in the 20th century
Robotic tech vest

References

External links
 Kiska, Tim (August 11, 1983). "Robot firm liable in death". The Oregonian.
 Kiska, Tim (August 11, 1983). " Death on the job: Jury awards $10 million to heirs of man killed by robot at auto plant". Philadelphia Inquirer.
 "Death-by-robot yields award of $15 million". Philadelphia Inquirer. January 14, 1984.
 

1953 births
1979 deaths
Deaths caused by industrial robots
Accidental deaths in Michigan
Ford people
World record holders
Leverett J-function. In petroleum engineering, the Leverett J-function is a dimensionless function of water saturation describing the capillary pressure, 

where  is the water saturation measured as a fraction,  is the capillary pressure (in pascal),  is the permeability (measured in m²),  is the porosity (0-1),  is the surface tension (in N/m) and  is the contact angle.  The function is important in that it is constant for a given saturation within a reservoir, thus relating reservoir properties for neighboring beds.

The Leverett J-function is an attempt at extrapolating capillary pressure data for a given rock to rocks that are similar but with differing permeability, porosity and wetting properties. It assumes that the porous rock can be modelled as a bundle of non-connecting capillary tubes, where the factor  is a characteristic length of the capillaries' radii.

This function is also widely used in modeling two-phase flow of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells. A large degree of hydration is needed for good proton conductivity while large liquid water saturation in pores of catalyst layer or diffusion media will impede gas transport in the cathode.

J-function in analyzing capillary pressure data is analogous with TEM-function in analyzing relative permeability data.

See also
 Amott test
 TEM-function

References

External links
 http://www.ux.uis.no/~s-skj/ResTek1-v03/Notater/Tamu.Lecture.Notes/Capillary.Pressure/Lecture_16.ppt
 http://perminc.com/resources/fundamentals-of-fluid-flow-in-porous-media/chapter-2-the-porous-medium/multi-phase-saturated-rock-properties/averaging-capillary-pressure-data-leverett-j-function/
 Leverett J-Function in Multiphase Saturated Rocks

Petroleum engineering
Cierva C.6. The Cierva C.6 was the sixth autogyro designed by engineer Juan de la Cierva, and the first one to travel a "major" distance.  Cierva, the engineer responsible for the invention of the autogyro, had spent all his funds on the research and creation of his first five prototypes. Therefore, in 1923, he turned to the Cuatro Vientos Aerodynamics Laboratory chief, Commander Emilio Herrera, who succeeded in persuading General Francisco Echagüe, the director of the Military Aviation Aeronautics Department, to take over the second stage in the research and development of Cierva's autogyros.

After several wind tunnel tests, Military Aviation built a Cierva C.6 autogyro in an Avro 504 frame. This machine, piloted by Captain Joaquín Loriga Taboada, made three flights, all of them in March 1924. One of those flights, the eight-minute trip from Cuatro Vientos airfield to Getafe airfield (), was considered a giant step for Cierva's autogyros. 

The Cierva C.6 prototype was fitted with ailerons mounted on two small wings, also with elevators and a rudder. This complete three-axis control scheme was needed because the pilot had only limited control over the rotor. The engine powered the propeller at the front  while the rotor on top was unpowered, driven instead by air flowing upward through the inner region of the rotor disc.  This meant that the aircraft, like all autogyros, could not hover. 
But so long as there was sufficient airflow to turn the rotor the aircraft could safely descend, even at low airspeeds where a conventional airplane would stall and possibly crash.

A replica of the Cierva C.6 was built to be shown in Murcia pavilion in Seville Expo '92 World's Fair. That replica can be now be seen in Museo del Aire (Spain), Cuatro Vientos, Madrid, Spain.

Variants

Cierva C.6 Prototype.
Cierva C.6A Powered by an  Le Rhône 9Ja rotary piston engine.
Cierva C.6B
Cierva C.6C Powered by a  Clerget 9B rotary piston engine. Built in the United Kingdom as Avro Type 574.
Cierva C.6D Powered by a  Clerget 9B rotary piston engine. Built in the United Kingdom as the Avro Type 575.

Specifications (C.6)

References

 Original pictures and data of this article were taken from "Museo del Aire", Cuatro Vientos, Madrid, Spain
 Cierva c.6 / Avro 574

See also

1920s Spanish experimental aircraft
Single-engined tractor autogyros
Aircraft first flown in 1924
Rotary-engined aircraft
C.6
Autogyros
Air Force Base Langebaanweg. AFB Langebaanweg   is an airbase of the South African Air Force (SAAF).
The base motto is Tenax Propisiti Vinco – Through Tenacity Comes Success.

Units hosted 
 Central Flying School SAAF - Pilot and Instructor Training
 2 Air Servicing Unit - Technical Support
 526 Squadron - Protection Squadron

Current aircraft 

The Central Flying School operates 60 Pilatus PC-7s from AFB Langebaanweg.

The SAAF's Silver Falcons display team is based at AFB Langbaanweg.

References

Langebaanweg
Langebaanweg
Transport in the Western Cape
West Coast District Municipality
Cable lacing. Cable lacing is a method for tying wiring harnesses and cable looms, traditionally used in telecommunication, naval, and aerospace applications.  This old cable management technique, taught to generations of lineworkers, is still used in some modern applications since it does not create obstructions along the length of the cable, avoiding the handling problems of cables groomed by plastic or hook-and-loop cable ties.

Cable lacing uses a thin cord, which is traditionally made of waxed linen, to bind together a group of cables using a series of running lockstitches.  Flat lacing tapes made of modern materials such as nylon, polyester, Teflon, fiberglass, and Nomex are also available with a variety of coatings to improve knot holding.

Styles
The lacing begins and ends with a whipping or other knot to secure the free ends.  Wraps are spaced relative to the overall harness diameter to maintain the wiring in a tight, neat bundle, and the ends are then neatly trimmed.  In addition to continuous or running lacing, there are a variety of lacing patterns used in different circumstances.  In some cases stand-alone knots called spot ties are also used.  For lashing large cables and cable bundles to support structures in telecommunications applications, there are two named cable lacing styles: the "Chicago stitch" and "Kansas City stitch".

Some organizations have in-house standards to which cable lacing must conform, for example NASA specifies its cable lacing techniques in chapter 9 of NASA-STD-8739.4.

Examples

Notes and references

External links 

 NASA Technical Standard NASA-STD-8739.4 on Crimping, Interconnecting Cables, Harnesses, and Wiring
 
 Online excerpt from Electronic Installation Practices Manual (1951), "Chapter 9, Cabling"
 Online excerpt from Workmanship and Design Practices for Electronic Equipment (1962)
 Cable lacing tutorial using modern lacing tape
 History, tools, and techniques
 FAA Advisory Circular 43.13-1B paragraph 11-158

Signal cables
Aerospace engineering
Ropework
Failure transparency. In a distributed system, failure transparency refers to the extent to which errors and subsequent recoveries of hosts and services within the system are invisible to users and applications.

For example, if a server fails, but users are automatically redirected to another server and never notice the failure, the system is said to exhibit high failure transparency.

Failure transparency is one of the most difficult types of transparency to achieve since it is often difficult to determine whether a server has actually failed, or whether it is simply responding very slowly.  Additionally, it is generally impossible to achieve full failure transparency in a distributed system since networks are unreliable.

There is also usually a trade-off between achieving a high level of failure transparency and maintaining an adequate level of system performance.  For example, if a distributed system attempts to mask a transient server failure by having the client try to contact the failed server multiple times, performance of the system may be negatively affected.  In this case, it would have been preferable to have given up earlier and tried another server.

References

See also
Byzantine fault tolerance
Intrusion Tolerance
Capillary routing
Cluster (computing)
Data redundancy
Elegant degradation
Error detection and correction
Fail-safe
Fault-tolerant design
Fault-tolerant system
Progressive Enhancement
Separation of protection and security
Transparency (computing)

Distributed computing
Mero-Schmidlin. Mero-Schmidlin (UK) plc is a business specializing in building construction systems. It is based in Surrey in the United Kingdom, and is owned by the German MERO-TSK Group.

The name MERO is an abbreviation for Mengeringhausen Rohrbauweise (Mengeringhausen's tubular structures).

History
The MERO company was founded by Max Mengeringhausen in Würzburg, Germany in 1948. In 1957, the Mero construction technique, which uses hollow steel tubes connected into steel nodes in a predetermined geometry, was presented at the Berlin International Construction Fair. In 1988, Mero (UK) plc was established to service customers in the United Kingdom.

Then in February 2006, following the acquisition of Schmidlin Facadetechnology AG in Switzerland by TSK Group, Mero (UK) plc's German parent company, Mero (UK) plc changed its name to Mero-Schmidlin (UK) plc.

Operations
The company's activities are as follows:
Construction systems
Curtainwalling
Raised floor systems

Notable structures using the technique
Stockholm Globe Arena, Sweden – Dome with diameter of 110 m (1989)
National Indoor Arena, Birmingham, United Kingdom – 128x90m single span spaceframe roof (1990)
The Eden Project, Cornwall, United Kingdom – Biome structures
The Glasgow Science Centre, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom – exhibition hall and 3D Cinema to the Building Design Partnership designed science park, completed in 2001.
The Deep, Kingston upon Hull, United Kingdom – Large aquarium designed by Sir Terry Farrell completed in 2001, having taken seventeen months to construct.

See also
Space frame

References

External links
Mero-Schmidlin (UK) plc Official site
Mero Structures Inc. Official site
MERO-TSK Group Official site
Archistructures

Construction and civil engineering companies of the United Kingdom
Companies based in Surrey
British companies established in 1988
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1988
1988 establishments in England
AN/UYK-20. The AN/UYK-20 "Data Processing Set" was a ruggedized small computer manufactured by Univac and used by the United States Navy for small and medium-sized shipboard and shore systems built in the 1970s. It featured non-volatile magnetic core memory and was housed in a heavy-duty metal cube-shaped box which was designed to fit through a 25-inch circular hatch.

In 1972, in response to the proliferation of small computer types in the Navy's inventory, the Chief of Naval Material mandated the use of the AN/UYK-20(V) in systems requiring a small digital processor. In March 1974 the AN/UYK-20 received service approval and by late 1974 they were in use in the development of tactical systems.

Programmers and operators colloquially referred to this computer as the "Yuck Twenty."

Technical 
In addition to various uses throughout the fleet, the system was used to train the U.S. Navy's Data Systems Technicians (DS) on digital computer theory and application. The 9-month course had 4 phases and phase 3 was UYK-20. Phase 3 was broken into the following sections:
Microinstructions
Macroinstructions
Processor/Emulator
Memory
Input/Output
Graded Troubleshooting (Mids)- MIDS was the last week of Phase 3 where the class started at 2300 hours and finished at 0630. Each night a series of faults was inserted into the UYK-20 for troubleshooting purposes. The student had to use diagnostic routines, troubleshooting techniques, and skill to find and fix the faults. The student had to pass with a majority of faults identified and fixed to move on to phase 4. Phase 3 for some was the toughest part of Data Systems A School at Mare Island, CA. Phase 2 used the training computer called the COMTRAN 10 aka "Comtrash 10".

After the dissolution of the Navy's DS rate, the primary maintenance responsibility was moved to the Electronic Technicians (ET), as the UYK-20 was already being used in several of their systems primarily the NAVMACS system.

See also

 AN/AYK-14
 AN/UYK-44
 CMS-2 programming language
 List of military electronics of the United States

References

External links 
AN/UYK-20 drawing
AN/UYK-20 photograph ithistory.org
Sperry Univac AN/UYK-20 Technical Description

UNIVAC hardware
Military computers
Military electronics of the United States
Military equipment introduced in the 1970s
16-bit computers
Type 903 replenishment ship. The Type 903 (NATO reporting name: Fuchi) is a class of replenishment oiler (AOR) built for the People's Liberation Army Navy by the People's Republic of China. They resemble , an AOR built by China for Thailand and delivered in 1996.

Two Type 903s entered service in 2003. Construction of the Type 903A, a slightly modified design, began in 2010; the first Type 903As entered service in 2013.

Development
According to Zhang Gang, chief designer of Similan, China started development of a new AOR in 1988. Development was delayed due to cost, leading China to buy a Komandarm Fedko-class oiler, renamed Qinghaihu, from Ukraine in 1992. The new design was completed for Similan, which became the basis for the Type 903.

Design
The Type 903 is a flush-decked development of the Type 905 AOR resembling the French Durance.

There are two liquid and one sliding-stay solid transfer stations per side. Refuelling may also be conducted from the stern.

Ships of the class

Gallery

References

Sources

Auxiliary replenishment ship classes
Qiandaohu-class replenishment ships
Cameron Wright (weapons scientist). Horace Cameron Wright (c. 1901  1979), known as "Cam", was a Welsh scientist who worked for the Royal Naval Physiological Laboratory at Alverstoke, near Gosport in Hampshire and for the British Ministry of Aircraft Production during World War II.

Early life
Nothing about his parents are known, but he was raised by Welsh mural artist Frank Brangwyn. In his early days he was nicknamed the "Camiknickers".

Works
He conducted experiments on the effects of x rays on the human body, new bombs designed to blow up dams, underwater explosions, and underwater escapes from submerged aircraft and submarines, among other things. Most of the more dangerous experiments he performed on himself. He once spent weeks in hospital after being blown out of the water by a massive self-inflicted explosion, and surfaced from an artificial depth of 90 metres on a single breath of air. All of his research reports remain classified, however.

Status
All 25 of his research reports are currently lost.

References
 
Trevor Norton, Stars beneath the Sea, Carroll & Graf 1999

Welsh physicists
Weapons scientists and engineers
1900s births
1979 deaths
Newcastle Aviation Academy. Newcastle Aviation Academy is an off-site university campus located at Newcastle International Airport. It was officially opened in March 2009 by Alan Johnson MP. The main aim of the Academy is to supply the aircraft industry with more trained engineers.

Facilities include a working Boeing 737-200, Piper Aztec, 2 Jet Provosts, Jetstream, workshops, classrooms, a computer lab and staff with experience in the aviation industry.  The academy is operated by Newcastle College, and offers further and higher education courses validated by NCG.

In 2018 it was awarded the Queen's Anniversary Prize for vocational education as part of Newcastle College's Transport Academy.

References

Education in Newcastle upon Tyne
California Electronic Waste Recycling Act. The Electronic Waste Recycling Act of 2003 (2003 Cal ALS 526) (EWRA) is a California law to reduce the use of certain hazardous substances in certain electronic products sold in the state. The act was signed into law September 2003.

All CRT, LCD, and plasma display devices contained in televisions, computers, and other electronic equipment with a screen size over 4 in (10 cm) measured diagonally are covered by the act.  After January 1, 2007, these devices may not contain greater than the allowed concentrations of any of these four materials (by weight):

cadmium : 0.01%
hexavalent chromium : 0.1%
lead : 0.1%
mercury : 0.1%

The Act also requires retailers to collect an Electronic Waste Recycling Fee (effective January 1, 2005) from consumers who purchase covered devices.

See also
Computer recycling
Waste legislation
Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive
Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive (RoHS)
China RoHS
Turkey RoHS

References

External links
Integrated Waste Management Board
California’s Restriction on the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Some Electronic Devices (RoHS)

Waste legislation in the United States
Recycling in the United States
Environment of California
Electronic Waste Recycling Act, California
2003 in American law
Electronic waste in the United States
2003 in California
2003 in the environment