omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Meinolf Sellmann. Meinolf Sellmann (born in Holzminden, Germany) is a German computer scientist, best known for algorithmic research, with a special focus on self-improving algorithms, automatic algorithm configuration and algorithm portfolios based on artificial intelligence, combinatorial optimization, and the hybridization thereof.

He received a doctorate degree (Dr. rer. nat.) in 2002 from Paderborn University (Germany) and is now CTO of InsideOpt, an optimization company he founded in 2021. Prior to this current engagement he was Director for Network Optimization at Shopify, Lab Director for machine learning and knowledge discovery at the global research center of General Electric, held a position as senior manager for data curation in the cognitive computing department at IBM Research, Assistant Professor at Brown University, and Postdoctoral Scholar at Cornell University.

His honors include the Prize of the Faculty of the University of Paderborn (Germany) for his doctoral thesis, an NSF Career Award in 2007, two Gold Medals at the SAT Competition 2011, a winning Solver at the 2012 SAT Challenge, two Gold Medals at the SAT Competition 2013, seventeen winning solvers at the 2013-2016 MaxSAT Evaluations, and two first places at the 2021 AI for TSP Competition.

He also received IBM Outstanding Technical Innovation Awards in 2013 and 2014, an A-level Business Accomplishment 2015, and won the Shopify Fulfillment Network Sharktank competition in 2021. He was invited Keynote Speaker at Gecco 2022, Anziam 2017, Techkriti 2017, Optimization Days 2017, OR 2017, AAAI 2015 and served on the IEEE technical board for emerging technologies (2012-2015), the AAAI education board (since 2016), as Program Chair of IAAI 2021 and IAAI 2022, Cluster Chair on the Future of Computing at Informs 2017, Conference Chair of CP 2007, conference-wide Workshop Chair of AAAI 2008, and as Program Chair of CPAIOR 2013 and LION 2016 and 2023.

References
IBM Research page
MaxSAT Evaluations (look for ISAC and dsat-wpm)
2016 MaxSAT Evaluation (look for dsat-wpm)
AI4TSP Competition (winning solvers Convexers and RiseUp)

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
German computer scientists
Paderborn University alumni
People from Holzminden
IBM Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking. IBM Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking (APPN) is an extension to the Systems Network Architecture (SNA) "that allows large and small computers to communicate as peers across local and wide-area networks."

Goals and features
The goals of APPN were:
 Provide effective routing for SNA traffic
 Allow sessions to be established without the involvement of a central computer
 Reduce the requirements to predict resource use
 Provide prioritization within SNA traffic
 Support both legacy and APPN traffic

To meet these goals it includes features such as these:
 distributed network control
 dynamic exchange of network topology information to foster ease of connection, reconfiguration, and route selection
 dynamic definition of network resources
 automated resource registration and directory lookup.

History
APPN was defined around 1986, and was  meant to complement IBM's Systems Network Architecture. It was designed as a simplification, but it turned out to be significantly complex, in particular in migration situations.
APPN was originally meant to be a "DECNET killer", but DEC actually died before APPN was completed. APPN has been largely superseded by TCP/IP (Internet).

APPN evolved to include a more efficient data routing layer which was called High Performance Routing (HPR). HPR was made available across a range of enterprise corporation networking products in the late 1990s, but today is typically used only within IBM's z/OS environments as a replacement for legacy SNA networks. It seems to be still widely used within UDP tunnels, this technology is known as Enterprise Extender.

APPN should not be confused with the similarly named APPC (Advanced Program-to-Program Communication). APPN manages communication between machines, including routing, and operates at the transport and network layers. By contrast, APPC manages communication between programs, operating at the application and presentation layers.

APPN has nothing to do with peer-to-peer file sharing software such as Bittorrent or emule. The designation peer-to-peer in the case of APPN refers to its independence from a central point of control, similar to the way that a FireWire PC connection allows a video camera to talk directly to a disk drive on the FireWire network.

Components
An APPN network can be composed of up to five types of nodes:

In VTAM, APPN nodes are defined as PU 2.1.

Device support
APPN is supported on a variety of IBM and non-IBM "intelligent" devices and software. It is available on mainframes, AS/400, System/36, OS/2 via Communications Server, Cisco equipment, and Microsoft Host Integration Services (HIS) for Windows.

References

Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking
Network protocols
Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking
Kickbike. A kickbike (bikeboard, footbike, pedicycle) is a type of velocipede and is a human-powered street vehicle with a handlebar, deck, and wheels propelled by a rider pushing off the ground. The kickbike often has a large standard size bicycle front wheel and a much smaller rear wheel, which allows for a much faster ride.

History

The modern kickbike was developed in the early 1990s by Hannu Vierikko who was active at the time in kicksled racing. (A kicksled is a type of human powered sled that is in common use in Scandinavia.) In 1994 Vierikko founded Kickbike Worldwide in Finland to produce and market kickbikes.

Use

Amish communities also use kickbikes in preference to bicycles, for several reasons, including the safety and unaffordability of early bicycles, and the risk of gearing mechanisms as a source of vanity. Kickbikes can be used for dryland mushing, also called "dog scootering."

Sport
Some former world champions include Jan Vlasek and Alpo Kuusisto.

Gallery

Sport

See also
Balance bicycle

References

Human-powered vehicles
Sports equipment
Wheeled vehicles
Kick scooters
Vehicles introduced in 1994

External links
 https://kickbike.com/
SNCF Class BB 7200. The SNCF Class BB 7200 is a 1.5 kV DC electric locomotive operated by the SNCF in France. It is the DC version of the 'Nez Cassé' family of locomotives built between 1976 and 1985 by Alstom. They are rated for  of continuous power. SNCF Class BB 15000 is the AC version while the Class BB 22200 is a dual-voltage version. Another relative is the NS Class 1600 operated in the Netherlands, a DC locomotive based on the BB 7200. Intended primarily for passenger service, increasing numbers are being allocated for freight service with lower-geared bogies as passenger services are taken from locomotive-hauled coaches by TGV services. BB 7200 operations are limited to the French 1.5 kV DC electrified network in southeastern France, from Paris southwards. In 2016 48 were allocated to freight, 58 to intercity passenger service, 50 to regional passenger service, and two to auto-train service.

7209, 7210, 7308 and 7348 have all been destroyed in accidents. The class was originally numbered 7201 - 7440. Some have cast plates. 7411-7440 are fitted with regenerative brakes for use on the steep Maurienne line in the Alps.

Fourteen locomotives numbered 7311, 7312, 7314, 7325, 7326, 7327, 7330, 7331, 7332, 7335, 7337, 7339, 7341 and 7342 were modified for push-pull operation and become BB 7600 locomotives, to be operated on Transilien Paris – Montparnasse lines.

Names
Some of the class carry the name of a city in France:

Models
 This locomotive was reproduced in H0 scale by Jouef, Lima, Märklin and Roco.
 This locomotive was reproduced in N scale by Fleischmann and Minitrix.

References

07200
B-B locomotives
Alstom locomotives
MTE locomotives
1500 V DC locomotives
Standard gauge electric locomotives of France
Railway locomotives introduced in 1976
Passenger locomotives
Rolls-Royce/SNECMA M45H. The Rolls-Royce/SNECMA M45H is an Anglo-French medium bypass ratio turbofan produced specifically for the twin-engined VFW-Fokker 614 aircraft in the early 1970s.

The design was started as a collaborative effort between Bristol Siddeley and SNECMA.

Design and development

The VFW 614 was designed to operate over short sectors with up to a dozen flights a day. The engines were optimized for 30-minute sectors at a cruise altitude of 21,000 feet at Mach 0.65. Only a few minutes would be spent at the cruise rating and most of the flight would be at the higher climb rating or at a descent setting. The engine had a low turbine entry temperature and comparatively low rotational speed.

The engine was designed to be uprated without drastic redesign. Three options were water injection (+10% thrust), improved HP turbine (+10% thrust), addition of a zero-stage to the LP compressor (+25% thrust). The M45H-01 was to have a thrust-specific fuel consumption (TSFC) of .

The engine was developed at the time of the Rolls-Royce bankruptcy which resulted in delays in developing the engine.

Variants

M45F Civil low bypass turbofan  for take-off.
M45G Military low bypass turbofan  for take-off, wet.
M45HCivil medium bypass turbofan  for take-off, wet.
RB.410Rolls-Royce designation for the M45SD-02 geared turbofan
M45SD-02

Engines on display

Rolls-Royce/SNECMA M45H engines are on display as part of the aero engine collection at the Royal Air Force Museum Cosford and the Musée aéronautique et spatial Safran. Additionally, an engine, with its cowl and pylon, is displayed at the Deutsches Museum Flugwerft Schleissheim; this museum also displays a VFW-614, which has two engines mounted.

Specifications (M45H Mk.501)

See also

References

Further reading

 
 
 Swanborough, Gordon. Air Enthusiast, Volume One. London: Pilot Press, 1971. .

External links

 Stol Fans from Dowty a 1971-01-21 Flight International article
 

Medium-bypass turbofan engines
1970s turbofan engines
M45H
Draft (boiler). In a water boiler, draft is the difference between atmospheric pressure and the pressure existing in the furnace or flue gas passage. Draft can also be referred to as the difference in pressure in the combustion chamber area which results in the motion of the flue gases and the air flow.

Types of draft
Drafts are produced by the rising combustion gases in the stack, flue, or by mechanical means. For example, a boiler can be put into four categories: natural, induced, balanced, and forced.
Natural draft: When air or flue gases flow due to the difference in density of the hot flue gases and cooler ambient gases. The difference in density creates a pressure differential that moves the hotter flue gases into the cooler surroundings.
 Forced draft: When air or flue gases are maintained above atmospheric pressure. Normally it is done with the help of a forced draft fan.
 Induced draft: When air or flue gases flow under the effect of a gradually decreasing pressure below atmospheric pressure. In this case, the system is said to operate under induced draft. The stacks (or chimneys) provide sufficient natural draft to meet the low draft loss needs. In order to meet higher pressure differentials, the stacks must simultaneously operate with draft fans.
Balanced draft: When the static pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure, the system is referred to as balanced draft. Draft is said to be zero in this system.

Importance/significance
For the proper and the optimized heat transfer from the flue gases to the boiler tubes draft holds a relatively high amount of significance. The combustion rate of the flue gases and the amount of heat transfer to the boiler are both dependent on the movement and motion of the flue gases. A boiler equipped with a combustion chamber which has a strong current of air (draft) through the fuel bed will increase the rate of combustion (which is the efficient utilization of fuel with minimum waste of unused fuel). The stronger movement will also increase the heat transfer rate from the flue gases to the boiler (which improves efficiency and circulation).

Drafting in steam locomotives
Since the stack of a locomotive is too short to provide natural draft, during normal running forced draft is achieved by directing the exhaust steam from the cylinders through a cone ("blast pipe") upwards and into a skirt at the bottom of the stack. When the locomotive is stationary or in a restricted space "live" steam from the boiler is directed through an annular ring surrounding the blast pipe to produce the same effect.

See also
Cooling tower system
Stack effect
Controlling draught

References

Engines
Engine technology
Energy conversion
Lemprex ejector. A Lemprex ejector is a type of steam locomotive exhaust system developed by noted Argentinian locomotive engineer Livio Dante Porta (d. 2003). The name is a stylization of LeMaitre Porta Exhaust.

In a steam locomotive, draft is produced in the firebox by exhausting the steam coming from the cylinders out the chimney. The Lemprex exhaust will deliver improved draughting capacity over traditional exhaust systems. 

However development is only at an early stage. Some work was undertaken in Brazil during the late 1980s and early 90s. During more recent years locomotive engineer Shaun T. Mc Mahon has continued the development of this exhaust system in Argentina and other countries around the World, current development work being focussed upon ex FCGR 12E No.3925 and ex FCGR 8A No.3351.

External links
LemPor Exhaust on The Ultimate Steam Page.

Steam locomotive technologies
Steam locomotive exhaust systems
Locomotive parts
5L. 5L or 5-L can refer to:

Transportation
 AeroSur (IATA code)
 5L, a model of Toyota L engine
 Curtiss F-5L, see Felixstowe F5L
 SSH 5L (WA), former name of U.S. Route 12 in Washington
 Atlantic coast F-5L, see Felixstowe F.5
 Auster J/5L, a model of Auster Aiglet Trainer
 British Rail Class 202 Diesel-electric multiple units (6L) when reduced to a five-carriage configuration
 British Rail Class 203 Diesel-electric multiple units (6B) when reduced to a five-carriage configuration by the removal of their buffet cars

Science and technology
 ORC5L
 TAF5L
 5L, a model of HP LaserJet 5
 AIX 5L, see IBM AIX

Other uses
 The Horns of Nimon (production code: 5L), a 1979–80 Doctor Who serial

See also
 L5 (disambiguation)
Midcourse Space Experiment. The Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX) is a Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO) satellite experiment (unmanned space mission) to map bright infrared sources in space.  MSX offered the first system demonstration of technology in space to identify and track ballistic missiles during their midcourse flight phase.

History
On 24 April 1996, the US Air Force launched the MSX satellite on a Delta II launch vehicle from Vandenberg AFB, California.  MSX was placed in a Sun-synchronous orbit at 898 km and an inclination of 99.16 degrees.  MSX's mission was to gather data in three spectral bands (long wavelength infrared, visible, and ultraviolet).

From 13 May 1998, MSX became a contributing sensor to the Space Surveillance Network.

Launch debris incident
Lottie Williams was exercising in a park in Tulsa on January 22, 1997, when she was hit in the shoulder by a  piece of blackened metallic material. U.S. Space Command confirmed that a used Delta II rocket from the April 1996 launch of the Midcourse Space Experiment had re-entered into the atmosphere 30 minutes earlier. The object tapped her on the shoulder and fell off harmlessly onto the ground. Williams collected the item and NASA tests later showed that the fragment was consistent with the materials of the rocket, and Nicholas Johnson, the agency's chief scientist for orbital debris, believes that she was indeed hit by a piece of the rocket.

Operations
Operational from 1996 to 1997, MSX mapped the galactic plane and areas either missed or identified as particularly bright by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) at wavelengths of 4.29 μm, 4.35 μm, 8.28 μm, 12.13 μm, 14.65 μm, and 21.3 μm.

It carried the 33-cm SPIRIT III infrared telescope and interferometer–spectrometer with solid hydrogen-cooled five line-scanned infrared focal plane arrays.

Calibration of MSX posed a challenge for designers of the experiment, as baselines did not exist for the bands it would be observing under.  Engineers solved the problem by having MSX fire projectiles of known composition in front of the detector, and calibrating the instruments to the known black-body curves of the objects.  The MSX calibration serves as the basis for other satellites working in the same wavelength range, including AKARI (2006-2011) and the Spitzer Space Telescope (SST).

MSX data is currently available in the Infrared Science Archive (IRSA) provided by NASA's Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC). Collaborative efforts between the Air Force Research Laboratory and IPAC has resulted in an archive containing images for about 15 percent of the sky, including the entire Galactic Plane, the Large Magellanic Cloud, and regions of the sky missed by IRAS.

See also

List of largest infrared telescopes
Militarisation of space

Notes

External links 

 The Midcourse Space Experiment Point Source Catalog Version 2.3 Explanatory Guide From VizieR Catalogue Service
 The Spatial Infrared Imaging Telescope III (SPIRIT III), an instrument for MSX
Welcome to the MSX Showcase 

Space telescopes
Infrared telescopes
Spacecraft launched in 1996
Spacecraft launched by Delta II rockets
Edison Sault Electric Company. Edison Sault Electric Company was a public utility that provided electricity to the eastern portion of Michigan's Upper Peninsula. Its service area covered four counties (Chippewa, Mackinac, Schoolcraft and Delta).

History
The company was founded in 1892 in Sault Ste. Marie.

Wisconsin Energy Corporation acquired the Edison Sault Electric Company with its purchase of its parent company, ESELCO in 1998.

In 2009, Wisconsin Energy announced it had reached a definitive agreement to sell Edison Sault Electric to the Cloverland Electric Cooperative of Dafter.

System information
Edison Sault's only generating station was the Saint Marys Falls Hydropower Plant located on the St. Marys River in downtown Sault Ste. Marie. During the night when demand was low, the company was able to sell power from this small dam to larger companies such as Upper Peninsula Power Company and Consumers Energy. Edison Sault's transmission system voltage is 138,000 volts. The subtransmission system voltage is 69,000 volts. The distribution system voltage is 13,200 volts.

Interconnections
Edison Sault had four 138 kV interconnections with other utilities. Two were with Consumers Energy in lower Michigan. (McGulpin-Straits #1 and McGulpin-Straits #2) These two lines are submerged under the Straits of Mackinac. Edison Sault has two interconnections with its former sister company, Wisconsin Electric (Arnold-Indian Lake #1 and Arnold-Indian Lake #2).

Edison Sault had interconnections with Cloverland Electric and Upper Peninsula Power on its 69 kV subtransmission system.

See also 

 Edison Sault Power Canal—canal that serves the hydropower plant
 Lists of public utilities

External links 
 Official Cloverland Electric site

Companies based in Michigan
Electric power companies of the United States
1892 establishments in Michigan
2010 disestablishments in Michigan
Sverdrup & Parcel. Sverdrup & Parcel was an American civil engineering company formed in  1928 by Leif J. Sverdrup and his college engineering professor John I. Parcel.  The company worked primarily in a specialty field of bridges. The company's headquarters was located in St. Louis, Missouri.

The firm was the designer of the ill-fated I-35W Mississippi River bridge, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 1964 (collapsed on August 1, 2007).  The official report by the National Transportation Safety Board blamed the bridge collapse on a design error by the firm, resulting in the gusset plates having inadequate load capacity.

Some other well-known projects of Sverdrup & Parcel include:
 Amelia Earhart Bridge 1939, Atchison, Kansas
 Sidney Lanier Bridge 1956, Brunswick, Georgia
 Bridge of the Americas 1962 (also known as Puente de las Américas, Thatcher Ferry Bridge), Panama, crosses the Panama Canal
 Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel, (also known as Lucius J. Kellam, Jr. Bridge-Tunnel) completed in 1964, and named one of the "Seven Engineering Wonders of the Modern World" shortly thereafter.
 Busch Memorial Stadium 1966, St. Louis, Missouri 
 Angostura Bridge 1967, Bolivar, Venezuela, crosses the Orinoco River
 Hearnes Center 1972, Columbia, Missouri
 Louisiana Superdome 1975, New Orleans, Louisiana
 Monitor-Merrimac Memorial Bridge-Tunnel 1992, in Newport News, Virginia

Sverdrup & Parcel was succeeded by Sverdrup Civil, which in 1999 was part of the merger between Sverdrup and Jacobs Engineering.

References

External links
 Jacobs Engineering website

Defunct companies based in Missouri
Construction and civil engineering companies of the United States
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1928
American companies established in 1928
Engineering consulting firms of the United States
1928 establishments in Missouri
Zhemchuzhnikovite. Zhemchuzhnikovite is an oxalate mineral of organic origin; formula  NaMg(FeAl)C2O4·8H2O. It forms smokey green crystals with a vitreous lustre and is found in Russian coal mines. It is named after Yury Zhemchuzhnikov (1885–1957), a Russian clay mineralogist.

See also
List of minerals named after people

References

Organic minerals
Oxalate minerals
Sodium minerals
Magnesium minerals
Aluminium minerals
Iron minerals
Trigonal minerals
Minerals described in 1963