omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Alunogen. Alunogen (from French alun, "alum"), also called feather alum and hair salt is a colourless to white (although often coloured by impurities, such as iron substituting for aluminium) fibrous to needle-like aluminium sulfate mineral. It has the chemical formula Al2(SO4)3·17H2O.

It is often found on the walls of mines and quarries as a secondary mineral. It can be found in the oxidation zones of some ore deposits as well as on burning coal dumps (i.e., as the product of millosevichite hydration). It also forms as a low temperature deposit in fumaroles. It occurs associated with pyrite, marcasite, halotrichite, pickeringite, epsomite, potash alum, melanterite and gypsum.

The crystallochemical formula, can be written as: [Al(H2O)6]2(SO4)3.5H2O. The second formula shows that H2O in the alunogen formula occurs both as ligand (coordinative form) and loosely bound (crystallization) form.

References

Sulfate minerals
Aluminium minerals
Triclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 2
Drywall mechanic. A drywall mechanic is a skilled trade similar to wood carpenters, except they build everything out of light gauge steel studs (not wood studs) all year round, regardless of weather conditions. Drywall mechanics erect various exterior and interior stud wall partitions. They also install metal door frames, window frames, a variety of acoustical ceilings, and precast moldings for columns and ceilings. In addition, they also install x-ray shielding, thermal and sound insulation and a variety of drywall panels and metal and vinyl trims.

It can be an entry-level position, although there is a number of certifications available. A drywall mechanic can work for a construction firm, or work privately.

Health hazards
Health hazards include the dangers of toxic poisoning from the fumes and dust of paints and related materials. Construction workers who sand drywall joint compound are often exposed to high concentrations of dusts, talc, calcite, mica, gypsum, and in some cases, respirable silica. Some of these have been associated with varying degrees of eye, nose, throat, and respiratory tract irritation.

Over time, breathing the dust from drywall joint compounds may cause persistent throat and airway irritation, coughing, phlegm production, and breathing difficulties similar to asthma. When silica is present, workers may also face an increased risk of silicosis and lung cancer. There are also asbestos and mold health issues in removing old drywall, as well as lead paint on drywall first painted several decades ago. For all of these reasons, constant use of a respirator is widely recommended, and even required by some labor authorities. Potential falls from elevated work platforms or ladders are another risk. 

Joint compound mixes manufactured prior to the 1980s often contained a complex mixture of several substances. Among the additives used were asbestos fibers, which provided cohesiveness. Exposure to friable asbestos increases risks of various serious health conditions, including cancer. Joint compounds manufactured from 1980 onward were required to have asbestos removed in favor of other compounds due to legislation to ban asbestos' widespread use. 

For all of these reasons, constant use of a respirator is recommended by almost all drywall compound manufacturers and is required by some labor authorities.

References 

Construction trades workers
Mechanics (trade)
Stannane. Stannane  or tin hydride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula SnH4. It is a colourless gas and the tin analogue of methane. Stannane can be prepared by the reaction of  and .

Stannane decomposes slowly at room temperature to give metallic tin and hydrogen and ignites on contact with air.

Variants of stannane can be found as a highly toxic, gaseous, inorganic metal hydrides and group 14 hydrides.

See also 

 Organotin

References 

Tin(IV) compounds
Metal hydrides
Reducing agents
MicroEmpix. MicroEmpix is the microkernel (much nearer to an exokernel) version of Empix, an operating system (OS) developed at the Computing Systems Laboratory (CSLab) of the Electrical & Computer Engineering department at the National Technical University of Athens.

Empix began in the late 1980s as the laboratory's effort to write a small Unix-like modern multitasking OS, intended for educational use. Borrowing most of its basic characteristics (file system, binary format, shell) from other popular OSes of the time (Xinu, Minix, DOS). Empix is quite small (about 10,000 lines of code) and supports Intel x86 processors, in the IBM Personal Computers (PC) XT (8088), and AT (80286) architectures, floppy disks and hard disk drives (with the File Allocation Table (FAT) 16 limits), and Enhanced Graphics Adapter (EGA) graphics (80x25 color terminal) and the serial ports. It has a shell with some basic commands, and the ability to execute multiple processes.

MicroEmpix is far different. It's about 1,600 lines of code (over which about 1,000 devoted to serial port control), and it's a microkernel, meaning that it creates and runs processes in kernel-space, with no distinction between process-space and kernel space. What the kernel sees, the process sees and vice versa. No system calls occur to require a system call dispatcher or a similar mechanism. Kernel functions are inherent to the processes created, and there is but one user.

References

External links
 The MicroEmpix Fan Site

Microkernels
William de la Barre. William de la Barre (April 15, 1849, in Vienna – March 24, 1936, in Minneapolis) was an Austrian Empire-born civil engineer who developed a new process for milling wheat into flour, using energy-saving steel rollers at the Washburn-Crosby Mills (now known as General Mills, Inc.) in Minneapolis, and later served as chief engineer for the first hydroelectric power station built in the United States, at Saint Anthony Falls, also in Minneapolis.

Early life 
William de la Barre, son of Carl and Josephine (Friedl) de la Barre, was born in Vienna, Austria on April 15, 1849.  In 1863, he entered the Polytechnic Institute in Vienna (now known as the Vienna University of Technology), where he studied for two years before being recruited into the Austrian Empire Navy as a machinist.  In the Navy, he received his first mechanical experience and training.  De la Barre immigrated to the United States in October 1866, landing in New York, then settling in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where he found employment as a draftsman and engineer.  He served as engineer for the Centennial Exposition held in Philadelphia in 1876.  He was married to Louisa Verena Merian, daughter of Louis and Marie (Glaser) Merian of Philadelphia, in 1870 in Philadelphia.  They had three children.

Career 
In 1878, he and his family moved to Minneapolis, Minnesota.  He became a salesman for Behrns' Exhaust, a patented apparatus for the prevention of dust explosions in flour mills, and for several years sold and installed this apparatus in various mills in Minneapolis.  Because of his extensive knowledge of flour mills, in 1880 he was hired by Cadwallader C. Washburn (better known as C. C. Washburn), founder of the Washburn-Crosby Mills in Minneapolis, to be head engineer and superintendent of his mills.  While at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, de la Barre had learned that a new process for milling flour had been invented in Europe that involved passing the grain through a series of rollers, rather than the large round millstones used in America.  Washburn sent him to Europe to learn about the process firsthand.  What de la Barre discovered was that in Hungary, the mills were using large porcelain rollers shaped more or less like rolling pins and that each series of rollers ground the grain finer and finer.  On his return to Minneapolis, de la Barre designed rollers made from steel instead of porcelain.  Using de la Barre's steel rollers, the Washburn-Crosby Mills could mill flour that was cleaner, more uniform, and with less energy than ever before.  The process was no less than a revolution in milling.

De la Barre was elected president of the combined Pillsbury-Washburn mills in 1921. After they were bought out by Northern States Power, De la Barre served in NSP management until he died at eighty-six in 1936.

References

External links 
 William de la Barre in MNopedia, the Minnesota Encyclopedia

1849 births
1936 deaths
American civil engineers
Engineers from the Austrian Empire
Emigrants from the Austrian Empire to the United States
General Mills people
Engineers from Minneapolis
Engineers from Vienna
Unique negative dimension. Unique negative dimension (UND) is a complexity measure for the model of learning from positive examples.
The unique negative dimension of a class  of concepts is the size of the maximum subclass  such that for every concept , we have  is nonempty.

This concept was originally proposed by M. Gereb-Graus in "Complexity of learning from one-side examples", Technical Report TR-20-89, Harvard University Division of Engineering and Applied Science, 1989.

See also
 Computational learning theory

References

Computational learning theory
Instruction selection. 
In computer science, instruction selection is the stage of a compiler backend that transforms its middle-level intermediate representation (IR) into a low-level IR. In a typical compiler, instruction selection precedes both instruction scheduling and register allocation; hence its output IR has an infinite set of pseudo-registers (often known as temporaries) and may still be – and typically is – subject to peephole optimization. Otherwise, it closely resembles the target machine code, bytecode, or assembly language.

For example, for the following sequence of middle-level IR code
t1 = a
t2 = b
t3 = t1 + t2
a = t3
b = t1

a good instruction sequence for the x86 architecture is

MOV EAX, a
XCHG EAX, b
ADD a, EAX

For a comprehensive survey on instruction selection, see.

Macro expansion 
The simplest approach to instruction selection is known as macro expansion or interpretative code generation. A macro-expanding instruction selector operates by matching templates over the middle-level IR. Upon a match the corresponding macro is executed, using the matched portion of the IR as input, which emits the appropriate target instructions. Macro expansion can be done either directly on the textual representation of the middle-level IR, or the IR can first be transformed into a graphical representation which is then traversed depth-first. In the latter, a template matches one or more adjacent nodes in the graph.

Unless the target machine is very simple, macro expansion in isolation typically generates inefficient code. To mitigate this limitation, compilers that apply this approach typically combine it with peephole optimization to replace combinations of simple instructions with more complex equivalents that increase performance and reduce code size. This is known as the Davidson-Fraser approach and is currently applied in GCC.

Graph covering 

Another approach is to first transform the middle-level IR into a graph and then cover the graph using patterns. A pattern is a template that matches a portion of the graph and can be implemented with a single instruction provided by the target machine. The goal is to cover the graph such that the total cost of the selected patterns is minimized, where the cost typically represents the number of cycles it takes to execute the instruction. For tree-shaped graphs, the least-cost cover can be found in linear time using dynamic programming, but for DAGs and full-fledged graphs the problem becomes NP-complete and thus is most often solved using either greedy algorithms or methods from combinatorial optimization.

References

External links
 Alternative ways of supporting different generations of computer

Compiler optimizations
Predicted impact point. The predicted impact point (PIP) is the location that a ballistic projectile (e.g. bomb, missile, bullet) is expected to strike if fired. The PIP is almost always actively determined by a targeting computer, which then projects a PIP marker (a "pipper") onto a head-up display (HUD). Modern HUDs are focused so the weapon operator will see the marker projected directly over the point of impact, regardless of the position of the shooter's eye position.

Modern combat aircraft are equipped to calculate the PIP for onboard weapons at any given time. Using the PIP marker, pilots can achieve good accuracy at ranges of up to several kilometers, whether the target is ground-based or airborne. Variables included in the calculation are aircraft velocity, target velocity, target elevation, distance to target, forces on the projectile (drag, gravity), and others.

Another example of devices that show the PIP are red dot sights like the M68 Aimpoint. Such sights, like those on an HUD, are collimated reflector sights, so the dot always appears over the weapon's impact point, regardless of the shooter's eye position. Red dot sights do not use internal computers and must be manually zeroed for maximum accuracy.

Impact Point Prediction (IPP) refers to the method by which the impact point is evaluated. 

Impact Point Prediction Methods include one ore more of the following seven categories which are ordered with decreasing complexity in the perspective of the model and the necessary initial states and parameters:

• Six-Degrees-of-Freedom rigid body (6DoF) 

• Modified-Linear Theory (MLT) 

• Modified Point Mass (MPM) 

• Full Point Mass (FPM) 

• Simple Point Mass (SPM) 

• Hybrid Point Mass (HPM)

• Vacuum Point Mass (VPM)

Guidance methods for ballistic missiles are used to compensate for the difficulty in pre-launch prediction, which originates from uncertainties in maneuvering. In these, machine learning techniques like neural networks can can be used to update the predicted impact point based on the current flight state in a reasonable amount of time and computational resources.

See also
 Fire-control system

References

External links
 Army Research and Development, p. 31. Development and Engineering Directorate, U. S. Army Materiel Development and Readiness Command. United States. Dept. of the Army, 1968. Google Books. 

Targeting (warfare)
CPN-AMI. CPN-AMI is a computer-aided software engineering environment based on Petri Net specifications. It provides the ability to specify the behavior of a distributed system—and to evaluate properties such as invariants (preservation of resources), absence of deadlocks, liveness, or temporal logic properties (relations between events in the system).

CPN-AMI relies on AMI-Nets, that are well-formed Petri nets with syntactic facilities. Well Formed Petri nets were jointly elaborated between the University of Paris 6 (Université P. & M. Curie) and the University of Torino in the early 1990s. This Petri net class supports symbolic techniques for model checking, and thus provides a very compressed way to store all states of a system.

Since 2016 CPN-AMI has been listed by the owners as "still available but not maintained any more" ().

See also 
Well-formed Petri net
Petriscript

References

External links
More information about CPN-AMI.
BNF of AMI-Net

References 
Integrated development environments
Formal methods tools
Petri nets
PHP (disambiguation). PHP is an open-source server-side scripting language.

PHP may also refer to:
 Parallel History Project, a website with information about the Cold War
 Partial hospitalization program, a program used to treat mental illness and substance abuse
 Penultimate hop popping, a function of certain routers in MPLS computer networks
 Percutaneous hepatic perfusion, a regionalized cancer treatment
 Pigeonhole principle, a fundamental mathematical principle
 Pizza Hut Park, the former name of Toyota Stadium in Dallas, Texas, US
 Primary Health Properties, a UK real estate investment trust
 Pulsating heat pipe, a heat-transfer device
 PHP Family, a Bangladeshi conglomerate
 PHP pistol, a Croatian-made pistol
 PHP, the ISO 4217 currency code of the Philippine peso 
 People's Heritage Party, a political party in Ghana
The Electric Ant. "The Electric Ant" is a science fiction short story by American writer Philip K. Dick. It was first published in Fantasy and Science Fiction magazine in October 1969.

Plot summary
Garson Poole wakes up after a flying-car-crash to find that he is missing a hand. He then finds out that he is an 'electric ant'  an "organic" robot. He further finds out that what he believes is his subjective reality is being fed to him from a micro-punched tape in his chest cavity. He experiments on this tape by adding new holes, which adds things to his reality. Convinced that his entire reality is constrained by the tape, he makes a major change to it, with a major effect on his reality. The change affects everyone else he interacts with, which raises the question of whether any of them – or he himself – are "real" at all.

Dick said of the story:

Adaptations
In 2010 Marvel Comics adapted "The Electric Ant" as a limited series. The comic books were produced by writer David Mack (Daredevil) and French artist Pascal Alixe (Ultimate X-Men), with covers provided by artist Paul Pope (THB).

The story inspired the song of the same name by British progressive rock band Hats Off Gentlemen It's Adequate.

See also
 Simulated reality

References

External links
 All Gates Open, a short film based on "The Electric Ant"
 

Short stories by Philip K. Dick
1969 short stories
Works originally published in The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction
Biorobotics in fiction
Androids in literature
Fiction about virtual reality
Heinrich Rose. Heinrich Rose (6 August 1795 – 27 January 1864) was a German mineralogist and analytical chemist. He was the brother of the mineralogist Gustav Rose and a son of Valentin Rose.
Rose's early works on phosphorescence were noted in the Quarterly Journal of Science in 1821, and on the strength of these works, he was elected privatdozent at the University of Berlin from 1822, then Professor from 1832.

In 1846, Rose rediscovered the chemical element niobium, proving conclusively that it was different from tantalum. This confirmed that Charles Hatchett had discovered niobium in 1801 in columbite ore.  Hatchett had named the new element "columbium", from the ore in which niobium and tantalum coexist. The element was eventually assigned the name niobium by the IUPAC in 1950 after Niobe, the daughter of Tantalus in Greek mythology.

In 1845, Rose published the discovery of a new element pelopium, which he had found in the mineral tantalite. After subsequent research, pelopium was identified to be a mixture of tantalum and niobium.

In 1830, Heinrich Rose was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1860.

Works
 Handbuch der analytischen Chemie . Vol.1&2 . Mittler, Berlin 1833–1834 Digital edition by the University and State Library Düsseldorf

References

External links
Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der WissenschaftenAkademiebibliothek ,  Publication list of Heinrich Rose, Chemist

1795 births
1864 deaths
19th-century German chemists
Members of the Prussian Academy of Sciences
Scientists from Berlin
People from the Margraviate of Brandenburg
Academic staff of the Humboldt University of Berlin
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Foreign members of the Royal Society
Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)
Rare earth scientists
Geologists from the Kingdom of Prussia
FlashFXP. FlashFXP is a proprietary FTP client with a simple Windows-based GUI. FlashFXP supports both client-to-server and server-to-server (FXP) transfers, in addition to SCP/SFTP.

History
In the summer of 1998, Charles DeWeese (nicknamed flashd/bigstar) was hanging out with friends on Internet Relay Chat. Around April, a few of his friends suggested he create an FXP client because the existing FXP clients weren't very reliable. After a few weeks of tossing ideas back and forth, he decided that his next project would be an FXP client. DeWeese started developing MyFXP in Visual Basic 4, but he soon realized that Visual Basic fell short in many areas. A friend, the author of LeapFTP, suggested that he use Borland Delphi. Therefore, DeWeese switched to Borland Delphi 4. Although the original name was MyFXP, the program was later renamed to FlashFXP, and on June 24, 1998, FlashFXP was started. Nearly a month later, on July 23, 1998, FlashFXP 1.0 was released.

Version 1.2 was the first shareware version of FlashFXP.

Version 2.0 was a significant milestone for FlashFXP by providing SSL/TLS support.

By 2003, FlashFXP became successful. As a result, DeWeese was unable to keep up with the development, support, and sales by himself. He later signed an exclusive deal with iniCom Networks, Inc and released version 3.0.

In late 2009, FlashFXP became part of the newly formed Opensight Software, LLC, which DeWeese is sole owner of. Sales are fully automated via share-it, PayPal, and the FlashFXP website, although support is provided by the developer and other people at the support forums.

Version 4.0 included additional functionality, advanced features and has been reviewed as being more extensive compared to free FTP clients.

The last version of FlashFXP was released on April 1, 2017. In May 2017, DeWeese was arrested, charged and pled guilty for federal exploitation of a minor. He was sentenced to 15 years in federal prison.

Features

 SFTP Support
 IPv6 Support
 FTP / FXP Support
 SSL/TLS (SSCP and CPSV)
 Transfer queuing
 Backup/Restore Settings
 Site Manager (with XML import/export)
 FTP caching for browsing and queuing during a transfer or while not connected
 Proxy and firewall support
 Remote file editing with automatic upload on save
 Automated file transfer scheduling with e-mail notifications
 File transfer rules based on size, and, or date
 Integrated language translation editor
 MODE Z support for on-the-fly streaming compression.
 Localization in many languages (Bulgarian, Catalan, Chinese Simplified, Chinese Traditional, Czech, Dutch, English, European Portuguese, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Polish, Russian, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish)

See also
 Comparison of FTP client software

References

Further reading

External links
 FlashFXP website
 FlashFXP USB Portable (Publisher's description on CNET)

FTP clients
Community of action. A community of action (CoA), unlike a community of practice, exists in a situation that is structurally more open, where actors have the possibility of bringing about change.

Related to 
 Community of circumstance
 Community of inquiry
 Community of interest
 Community of position
 Community of place
 Community of practice
 Community of purpose

External links
 Communities of action: a cognitive and social approach to the design of CSCW systems
 Socio-Semantic Web applications: towards a methodology based on the Theory of the Communities of Action
 Distributed Design Teams as Communities of Practice

Action