omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Flexible Flyer. Flexible Flyer is a toy and recreational equipment brand, best known for the sled of the same name, a steerable wooden sled with steel runners.

Operation 

Flexible Flyers are flexible both in design and usage. Riders may sit upright on the sled or lie on their stomachs, allowing the possibility to descend a snowy slope feet-first or head-first.  To steer the sled, riders may either push on the wooden cross piece with their hands or feet, or pull on the rope attached to the wooden cross-piece.  Shifting the cross-piece one way or the other causes the flexible rails to bend, turning the sled.

History 

Samuel Leeds Allen patented the Flexible Flyer in 1889 in Cinnaminson, New Jersey using local children and adults to test prototypes.  Allen's company flourished by selling these speedy and yet controllable sleds at a time when others were still producing toboggans and "gooseneck" sleds.

Allen began producing sleds in his farm equipment factory to keep his workers busy even when it was not the farm season.  He developed many prototypes before he created the Flexible Flyer.  The sleds did not sell well until he began marketing them to the toy departments of department stores.  In 1915, around 120,000 Flexible Fliers were sold, and almost 2,000 Flexible Flyers were sold in one day. 

In 1968, Leisure Group of Los Angeles, California bought the S. L. Allen Company.  Leisure Group continued to produce Flexible Flyers in Medina, Ohio.  In 1973, a group of private investors bought Leisure Group's toy division and started manufacturing the sleds under the name "Blazon Flexible Flyer" in West Point, Mississippi.  In 1993, Roadmaster purchased the rights to production and moved production to Olney, Illinois, and in 1998, production was moved to China.  , Flexible Flyers are mostly made in China and some are made in South Paris, Maine by Paricon, Inc.

Examples

References

External links 
About Paricon Sleds
U.S. Patent 408,681
Biographical information about Samuel L. Allen

American inventions
Sledding
Sports equipment
Sliding vehicles
High Speed Surface Transport. High Speed Surface Transport (HSST) is a Japanese maglev train system which uses electromagnetic levitation technology. The Linimo line in Aichi Prefecture, Japan uses a descendant of HSST technology.

See also
 SCMaglev
 Transrapid
 Krauss-Maffei Transurban - Electromagnetic suspension technology had been transferred from Krauss-Maffei.
 ROMAG

References

Bibliography 
 

Driverless Maglev
Polyphony (Weiner). Polyphony is a public artwork by Austrian artist Egon Weiner located on the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee campus, which is in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States.

Description
This sculpture is one of two Polyphony sculptures made by Egon Weiner; Polyphony is a much larger version of Polyphony II. These bronze sculptures are made up of geometric shapes. Long poles and large triangles are intertwined in a maze-like piece coming from a central area in the base. Weiner ultimately created Polyphony to symbolize the rhythm and motion of a conductor’s baton as he directed his orchestra. The inscriptions on the sculpture are as follows:  POLYPHONY BY EGON WEINER 1963 on the northeast corner of the circular platform and KRIA.KUNST & METALSTOBERI-OSLO-NORWAY on the southwest corner of bronze platform.

Historical information
When the Fine Arts- Music building was completed in 1962 on the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee campus, sculptor Egon Weiner spent the summer session there as artist-in-residence. Arrangements were made with the university to place a piece of his work on the campus. Throughout the summer of 1963, Weiner sculpted Polyphony in plaster-of-paris, and then cast the sculpture in bronze. During the work’s dedication ceremonies, Weiner stated that the sculpture represents “the rhythm of music and its inner structure.”

Location history
Originally the sculpture was placed at the west entrance to the music building, but years later the sculpture was moved due to the growing number of students on campus. The Fine Arts-Music building needed additions for the art department and an auditorium therefore Polyphony was moved into storage. After the construction was finished Polyphony was moved to a grassy knoll at the corner of East Kenwood Boulevard and North Maryland Avenue, next to the Student Union; before returning to the Arts Center Complex in 2023. The sculpture is currently located adjacent to the Arts Centre Lecture Hall.

Artist
Born in 1906 and died on August 1, 1987. He was an Austrian sculptor and professor. Weiner taught at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago  from 1945 to 1971. He is widely known for his 33 foot abstract bronze sculpture Pillar of Fire, which can be found on the grounds of the Chicago Fire Academy, symbolizing the Great Chicago Fire of 1871. Weiner lectured and exhibited widely. He created hundreds of public and private commissions, and received many awards and honors.

References

Outdoor sculptures in Milwaukee
University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
Bronze sculptures in Wisconsin
1963 sculptures
Wings of Fame (magazine). Wings of Fame was a 160-page quarterly historic aviation magazine published as a companion to World Air Power Journal, whose coverage was limited to contemporary military aviation and air power. It was in circulation between 1995 and 2000.

History and profile
Subtitled The Journal of Classic Combat Aircraft, Wings of Fame was established in 1995 by Aerospace Publishing Limited of London. The first issue appeared in November 1995. The magazine was published quarterly. It ceased publication in December 2000, with the final issue being volume 20.

The US distributors of Wings of Fame, AIRtime publishing, subsequently launched a replacement for both titles called International Air Power Review.

References

External links
List of issues with article index

Defunct aviation magazines published in the United Kingdom
Quarterly magazines published in the United Kingdom
Defunct magazines published in London
Magazines established in 1995
Magazines disestablished in 2000
Włocławek Reservoir. Włocławek Reservoir () is a water body in the Middle Vistula flow that appeared in 1970 after building of the dam in Włocławek. The length of the reservoir is 58 km from Włocławek to Płock, average width is 1.2 km. It is the biggest reservoir in Poland.

Due to the significant amount of organic matter in the tank (approx. 11.5% of the dry weight of sediment), it emits approx. 400 mg of methane per area of 1 m2 (which is approx. 27% of the total amount of gases emitted from the sediment of average 3114 ml m−2 d−1). For this reason, is considered an important source of  greenhouse gases emission.

Functions 
The tank has three basic functions:
 Retention - during floods, water on the Vistula River reservoir retains a large part of the floodwaters;
 Energy - on the dam is Wloclawek hydroelectric power plant;
 Tourism - Lake Wloclawski developed following tourist centers: Zarzeczewo, Wistka Kings, Soczewka, Murzynowo.

Flood protection 
Wloclawek reservoir tank is essentially instantaneous. From approx. 2004. In the event of high water levels acts as a storage reservoir.

Flood 2010 
On 17 May at the dam in Wloclawek thrown water (3,000 m³/s), preparing for the arrival of the flood wave. 22 May inflow was 6,000 m³/s, a snapshot already amounted to 5700 m³/s. During the climax assumed dump 6,300 m³/s. May 23, at 14 the culmination wave reached Wloclawek, but the water level was lower than expected initially, due to the rupture of a dam in the town of Świniary under Plock iem.

Flood 2014 
During the flood Vistula May 22, 2014 r. To Włocławski Reservoir affect 4900 m³/s, the discharge was at that time 4300 m³/s. As a result, they managed to flatten the wave of flood and reduce the risk of flooding in the lower section of the Vistula.

References

Reservoirs in Poland
Lakes of Poland
Lakes of Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship
Avia Rk.17. The Avia Rk.17 was a 9-cylinder radial aircraft engine, developed from the 7-cylinder Avia Rk.12, with a rated output of 270 kW (360 hp). The Rk.17 was one of Avia's own designs and was built in Czechoslovakia in the 1930s.

Design and development
As well as producing aircraft and building Hispano-Suiza and Lorraine aero-engines under licence, Avia also designed and built their own radial engines.  The Rk.17 was a 9-cylinder supercharged model, rated at 360 hp.  It was a nine-cylinder version of their Rk.12.

It was a conventional air-cooled radial: nitrided steel barrels with integral fins were screwed into heat treated Y alloy heads.  The pistons were also of heat treated Y alloy.  The crankcase was cast from heat treated silumin alloy, with some minor parts using magnesium alloy.  The single throw two piece crankshaft was linked to the pistons with an I-section Y alloy master rod, with a single piece big end, which carried the other eight piston rods.

Applications
Avia Ba.122
Letov Š-50

Specifications

References

Further reading
  

1930s aircraft piston engines
Aircraft air-cooled radial piston engines
Canadian Geotechnical Journal. The Canadian Geotechnical Journal has been published since 1963 by NRC Research Press. It is a monthly journal featuring papers related to geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering as well as applied sciences. Papers are loaded to the Web site in advance of the printed issues. The editor in chiefs are Greg Siemens and Charles W. W. Ng. The Canadian Geotechnical Society has chosen the Canadian Geotechnical Journal as its principal medium of publication of geotechnical, geological, hydrogeological, cold regions geotechnical, and geoenvironmental papers.

References

External links 
 
 The Canadian Geotechnical Society

Canadian Science Publishing academic journals
Monthly journals
English-language journals
Academic journals established in 1963
Engineering geology journals
Academic journals associated with learned and professional societies of Canada
Jiang Jingshan. Jiang Jingshan or Kang Kyung-san (; ; February 1936 – 27 June 2021) was a Chinese aerospace engineer with expertise in microwave remote sensing and spaceflight engineering. He had been the director of the Center for Space Science and Applied Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, deputy chief designer of the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program and an aerospace expert of China's 863 Program.

Biography 
Jiang was born in February 1936, in Longjing, in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, Jilin Province, Manchukuo. He was of Korean descent. He became the first Chinese researcher of microwave remote sensing technology, after his participation in the creation of China's first satellite, Dong Fang Hong I. He was the founder of China's National Microwave Remote Sensing Laboratory (NMRS), Chinese Academy of Science.

He was an academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering, International Eurasian Academy of Sciences and a member of CN COSPAR.

Jiang was married to Chen Zenghui (); they had two children together.

References

1936 births
2021 deaths
Members of the Chinese Academy of Engineering
Engineers from Jilin
Chinese people of Korean descent
People from Yanbian
Chinese aerospace engineers
20th-century Chinese engineers
21st-century Chinese engineers
TAL Technologies. TAL Technologies, Inc. is a privately owned software development company which develops and sells applications that automate data collection. Their main product lines include WinWedge, TCP-Com, TAL Barcode ActiveX Control and B-Coder Professional Barcode software.

Corporate history

 1985: TAL Technologies, Inc. was founded by President, Thomas Lutz 
 1989: Released Software Wedge for DOS, a RS-232 data collection software 
 1990: Released WinWedge, a Windows-based RS-232 data collection software 
 1990: Released B-Coder, a Barcode image generating software 
 2001: Introduced CE-Wedge, an RS-232 data collection software for Pocket PCs 
 2002: Introduced TCP-Com, an RS-232 to TCP/IP converter software

Key Products

TAL Technologies, Inc. major product lines include:
 WinWedge - RS-232 data collection products for quality control and laboratory instruments including balances, scales, pH meters, spectrophotometers, force gauges, digital electronic measuring instruments, etc.
 TCP/Com - Multifunction serial to ethernet (and ethernet to serial) interface software. Easily access a serial device via a TCP/IP or UDP network or redirect Ethernet/IP data to real or “Virtual” RS-232 serial ports.
 B-Coder - Software for generating customized barcode images of various symbologies such as Code 39, UPC, PDF417, Data Matrix, etc.
 Barcode ActiveX Control - ActiveX Control used for generating barcode images

References

Software companies based in Pennsylvania
Companies based in Philadelphia
Privately held companies based in Pennsylvania
American companies established in 1985
1985 establishments in Pennsylvania
Software companies of the United States
Software companies established in 1985
St. Mary's College of Engineering and Technology. St. Mary's College of Engineering and Technology (SMCET) is a technical institute located in  Pochampally, Yadadri Bhuvanagiri, India. Located in Deshmukhi Village and  8.6 km from Ramoji Film City Entrance.
In 2010 the All India Council for Technical Education approved collaboration between the St. Mary's College and Marist College to allow students in India to earn a US-recognized MS degree. The college applied for "deemed university" status in 2009 but this status was abolished.

References

External links 
Official Website
St. Mary's Technical Campus Kolkata

Engineering colleges in Hyderabad, India
1996 establishments in Andhra Pradesh
Educational institutions established in 1996
Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering. The Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal established in 1974 and published by the NRC Research Press. It covers environmental, hydrotechnical, structure, and construction engineering, as well as engineering mechanics, engineering materials, and a history of civil engineering. Papers are available on the Internet in advance of print issues and are available in full-text HTML and PDF formats.

The Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering is the official journal of the Canadian Society for Civil Engineering. The editors in chief are Nihar Biswas (University of Windsor) and Amir Fam (Queen's University).

References

External links 
 
 Web Site Canadian Society Civil Engineering

Civil engineering journals
Monthly journals
English-language journals
Academic journals established in 1974
Canadian Science Publishing academic journals
Academic journals associated with learned and professional societies of Canada
Marble Valley Bridge. The Marble Valley Bridge () is a bridge located between the cities of Lakhdaria and Bouïra in northern Algeria. It is the highest bridge in Africa. The bridge falls under the draft National Road east–west highway that travels from west to east of Algiers.

Informations relating to the bridge 
 Height:  (Highest in Africa).
 Length: 
 Depth of bridge columns under the Earth's surface: 
 The cost of achievement: 1.500.000.000 dza.
 Bridge resistant to earthquakes.
 Side barriers in anti-shock.

See also
 
 

Bridges in Algeria
Road infrastructure in Algeria
Buildings and structures in Bouïra Province
Aichi E8A. The Aichi E8A (also designated Experimental 8-Shi Reconnaissance Seaplane or Aichi AB-7) was a prototype Japanese reconnaissance floatplane of the 1930s. It was a two-seat single engined biplane built for the Imperial Japanese Navy.  Only two were built.

Design and development

In 1933, the Imperial Japanese Navy issued a specification for a replacement for the Nakajima E4N shipboard reconnaissance floatplane. Aichi prepared two designs, the AM-7, a low-winged monoplane powered by a Bristol Mercury radial engine and the AB-7, a more conventional biplane, powered by a license-built Bristol Jupiter engine. The monoplane design was soon abandoned as its promised performance was little better than that of the aircraft it was meant to replace, but two examples of the AB-7 were built as the Experimental 8-Shi  Reconnaissance Seaplane, or E8A under the Short System designation system.

The AB-7 was a single-bay biplane of wood and metal construction, fitted with a single main float that could be replaced be a wheeled undercarriage for operations from land.  Its wings folded to the rear to allow easier storage aboard ship. The pilot sat in an open cockpit while the observer's cockpit was part-enclosed to protect him from the environment. The Aichi design was evaluated against competing aircraft from Kawanishi, the E8K, a low-winged monoplane similar to the Aichi AM-7, and Nakajima, the biplane E8N. While the E8A had similar performance to the E8N, the Nakajima biplane had superior maneuverability and handling, and was preferred to both the Nakajima and Kawanishi offerings, with over 700 E8Ns built.

Specifications

Notes
 In the Japanese Navy designation system, specifications were given a Shi number based on the year of the Emperor's reign it was issued.  In this case 7-Shi stood for 1932, the 7th year of the Shōwa era.

References

 Francillon, René J. Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War. London, Putnam, 1970. .
 Mikesh, Robert and Shorzoe Abe. Japanese Aircraft 1910–1941. London:Putnam, 1990. .

1930s Japanese military reconnaissance aircraft
Floatplanes
E08A
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
List of bridges in India. This is a list of bridges in India.

Historical and architectural interest bridges

Major road and railway bridges 

The largest of all indian's railway bridges is the Chenab Bridge, located on the Jammu–Baramulla line that connects the Jammu region and the Kashmir Valley, which turned out to be the most expensive line of Indian's railway network. The Chenab Bridge was the highest arch bridge in the world when opening in 2022 with a deck  above the Chenab River, it's still the highest railway bridge on earth nowadays.

Extradosed bridges have experienced remarkable growth in India since the 2010s with a large number of multi-span bridges built on rivers such as the Ganges, which has significant widths in certain places. Their advantages are as follows:

 They allow longer spans than conventional beam bridges and therefore a reduced number of foundations.
 The thickness of the deck is considerably reduced (the Arrah–Chhapra bridge deck is  thick), thereby minimizing the amount of concrete.
 They can be made up of precast segments even for medium spans and then be erected much more quickly and easily than the typical in-situ concrete construction.
 A more elegant aesthetic appearance than conventional beam bridges.

The first major extradosed bridge built in India is the Second Vivekananda Bridge between Howrah and Kolkata. It has 8 pylons and a suspended length of , which was among the longest in its category at the time. Additionally it had one of the largest numbers of spans at the time. Another main feature of the bridge is its  width with 6 road lanes for a single plane axial suspension.

The Arrah–Chhapra Bridge held the record for the longest total extradosed span length in the world when it was inaugurated in 2017, with 16 pylons and , surpassing the well-known  in Japan. This record will be largely beaten by the new Kacchi Dargah–Bidupur Bridge under construction with 66 pylons and an extradose length of .

The Rajendra Setu was the first rail-cum-road bridge in independent India on the river Ganga, one of the major rivers in the country.

This table presents the structures with spans greater than  (non-exhaustive list).

Planned bridges

Alphabetical list

See also 

 Transport in India
 Highways in India
 List of National Highways in India by highway number
 Rail transport in India
 Geography of India
 List of rivers of India
 List of longest bridges above water in India
 List of longest bridges in West Bengal
 Bridges in Bihar
 List of bridges in Srinagar
 List of bridges on Brahmaputra River

Notes and references 
 Notes

 

 Others references

Further reading

External links
Lorraine Algol. The Lorraine 9N Algol was a French 9-cylinder radial aeroengine built and used in the 1930s.  It was rated at up to , but more usually in the  range.

Design and development
The Algol was a conventionally laid out radial engine, with nine cylinders in a single row.  The crankcase was a barrel-shaped aluminium alloy casting, with an internal integral diaphragm which held the front crankshaft bearing.  Forward of the diaphragm there was an integrally cast cam-gear case for the double track cam-ring.  The reduction gear was housed under a domed casing attached to the front of the crankcase.

Flange-mounted steel barrels were bolted to the crankcase and enclosed with cast aluminium alloy, screwed-on, cylinder head with integral cooling fins. The pistons were also made of aluminium alloy and had floating gudgeon pins. The nine pistons drove the single throw crankshaft via one channel-section master rod and eight circular section auxiliary rods.  The master rod had an integral, split type big-end. The crankshaft was machined  from a single forging, with bolt-on balance weights.

The Algol had a single pair of overhead inlet and exhaust valves per cylinder. The cam-ring drove roller tappets, mounted in the cam-case, which in turn operated rocker arms, fitted with ball bearings, via pushrods.  The cam-ring was concentric with the crankshaft and driven via epicyclic gears.

Most Algols were conventionally aspirated via a single carburetter
but at least one 1938 variant used a form of fuel injection, where fuel was blown into the induction system rather than the cylinder head.

Variants
9A
9Ab
9Ac
9Ad
9N Algol 
9Na Algol
9N Algol-Junior
9N Algol-Major
9N Algol-Amelioré
Type 120 500 hp A developed version with supercharger and reduction gear giving  at

Applications
ANF Les Mureaux 120
Bernard 161
Bloch 120
Bloch MB.500
Caudron C.180
FBA 290
Loire 11
Potez 33
Potez 40
PWS-24
Romano R.16
SAB-SEMA 12
Lorraine-Hanriot LH.70
Weymann 66

Specifications

References

1930s aircraft piston engines
Aircraft air-cooled radial piston engines
Algol
Alerion Aviation. Alerion Aviation (previously JetFlite International) offers private jet charter and aircraft management services globally.

History
JetFlite International (JFI) was originally known as Skookum Air, Inc. Skookum Air was created in Alaska in 1993 operating a single-engine, piston-powered Cessna 185. Back then, Skookum Air's primary mission was to fly fishermen, hunters, and supplies from Anchorage to remote Alaskan towns.  Very soon after its founding, the company relocated to Long Beach Airport (LGB) in Long Beach, California, changed its name to Air Rutter International (ARI), and started to grow in the executive aircraft charter industry.

In just a few years, ARI built up and managed a fleet of eight Citation 500 series and 650 series jet aircraft. In 1998, ARI moved to John Wayne/Orange County Airport (SNA) in Irvine, California. During this period, ARI grew into an aircraft management company, operating heavy and midsize jets (including such models as G-II, G-III, and G-IV from Gulfstream, the Challenger 601 from Bombardier, and the Hawker 800/700 from Hawker Beechcraft).  As its fleet expanded to include heavy jets, ARI obtained World Wide Operations Specifications and, thus, created a foundation for global expansion.

Under new ownership in 2005, ARI returned to Long Beach Airport and expanded significantly to specialize in heavy jet management and international charters. In addition, the company established an FBO and a fuel farm at Long Beach.  In the spring of 2010 ARI changed its name to JetFlite International, LLC (JFI), established an operating base on the East Coast at Farmingdale Republic Airport (FRG), and added an aircraft largely dedicated to serving the Russian market.
After a merger with ACP Jet in 2016 the company was renamed to Alerion Aviation.

JetFlite International has extended its services to include aircraft sales and acquisitions.

References 

Charter airlines of the United States
Airlines based in California
Companies based in Alaska