omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Dewoitine D.27. The Dewoitine D.27 was a parasol monoplane fighter aircraft designed by Émile Dewoitine in 1928.

Design and development
After the end of World War I, the slump in demand for aircraft forced Dewoitine to close his company and move to Switzerland in 1927.

He produced the D.27 the following year, 66 of which were produced for the Swiss Air Force from 1931. It was also license-built in Yugoslavia by Zmaj aircraft and in Romania.

Operational history
Seven strengthened versions, designated the D.53, served experimentally with the French Escadrille 7C1, flying from the aircraft carrier .

Variants
 D.271 :  One aircraft used for testing a Hispano-Suiza 12Hb engine. 
 D.273 :  One aircraft used for testing a Bristol Jupiter engine with supercharger. 
 D.531 : One aircraft used for testing a Hispano-Suiza engine.
 D.532 : A single aircraft used for testing a Rolls-Royce Kestrel inline engine.
 D.535 : One aircraft fitted with an HS 12Xbis engine.
 D.534 : Used for parachute trials.

Operators

Aviation Navale

Royal Romanian Air Force

Spanish Republican Air Force

Swiss Air Force

Royal Yugoslav Air Force

Specifications (D.27)

See also

References

Bibliography

External links

 Virtual Aviation Museum

1920s French fighter aircraft
D.027
Parasol-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1928
PZL-105 Flaming. The PZL-105 Flaming (flamingo) is a Polish short-takeoff-and-landing (STOL) utility aircraft designed by PZL "Warszawa-Okęcie". It remained a prototype.

Development
The PZL-105 was designed as a successor to the successful utility aircraft PZL-104 Wilga, being more modern and economical and offering increased transport capacity. The design was initially called Wilga 88. It retained the high-wing layout of the PZL-104 and the upward-opening side doors, but it was a completely new aircraft. Compared with the Wilga, it has a six-seat cabin instead of four seats and the wings are supported by single struts instead of a cantilever design. The plane was intended for a variety of purposes, like glider towing, parachute training, transport, air ambulance, patrolling and crop dusting (with 500 kg of chemicals). Also, a seaplane variant was intended.

The first prototype, powered by a  265 kW (360 hp) Russian M-14P radial engine, was first flown on 9 November 1989 (markings SP-PRC). An intended designation of a serial variant was PZL-105M. The second prototype, designated PZL-105L, was fitted with a flat engine 298 kW (400 hp) Lycoming IO-720. It was flown on 27 July 1991 (markings SP-PRD). There was also made one prototype for static trials.

Problems with funding at the outbreak of the 1980s and 1990s, connected with a change of political system in Poland, and  the priority of the PZL-130 Orlik trainer program, had caused the Flaming program to be suspended, and production of the type has yet to have started. The company developed a new variant of the PZL-104, the Wilga 2000 with Lycoming IO-540 flat engine instead.

Design
Metal construction braced high-wing monoplane, conventional in layout, duralumin covered. Semi-monocoque fuselage. Rectangular single-spar wings, fitted with Fowler flaps and slotted flaperons. Six-seat cabin with three rows of seats, with large side doors opening upwards. Conventional fixed landing gear with tail wheel, the main gear is made of composite spring legs. Two-blade or three-blade (PZL-105L) metal propeller. Fuel tanks in wings (270 L).

Surviving aircraft
The first prototype and the second prototype airframe (lacking engine) are in a collection of the Polish Aviation Museum in Kraków.

Specifications (PZL-105M)

See also

References

Further reading

External links

Photos at Lotnictwo.net

1980s Polish civil utility aircraft
PZL aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1989
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
DFW B.I. The DFW B.I (factory designation MD 14), was one of the earliest German aircraft to see service during World War I, and one of the numerous "B-class" unarmed, two-seat observation biplanes of the German military in 1914, but with a distinctive appearance that differentiated it from contemporaries. Though a biplane, its crescent-planform three-bay wings were inspired by that of the earlier Rumpler Taube monoplane, and led to the DFW aircraft being named the Fliegende Banane ("Flying Banana") by its pilots.

The B.II was similar but was built as a trainer. Some were fitted with the more powerful Mercedes D.II engine.

Specifications (DFW B.I)

See also

References

Bibliography

1910s German military reconnaissance aircraft
B.I
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1914
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Atlas Machine and Supply, Inc.. Atlas Machine and Supply, Inc., founded in 1907, is one of the largest heavy-capacity industrial machinery engineering, manufacturing and remanufacturing centers in the United States. The company also performs field machining repairs onsite for industries located throughout the United States and around the world.

Atlas also designs and repairs industrial compressors and related equipment.

History 
In 1907, the company was officially formed by the Swiss immigrant Gimmel family who immigrated to the United States roughly 30 years prior. Manufacturing began with elevators at a small shop in downtown Louisville. In the decades that followed, Atlas gradually expanded its machine shop and industrial engineering capabilities to include the repair, design, and remanufacturing of heavy industrial machinery. Atlas also became a compressor distributor in the 1940s and continues to provide compressed air solutions today.

Other expanded capabilities included the launch of a Field Machining division in 2011 that mirrors its machine shop capabilities for customers with on-site repair needs. Atlas further expanded its onsite expertise with the addition of a new Laser Tracking metrology service in 2012 which allows for completing large-scale machining jobs at the customer's job site.

Locations 
As of August 2023, Atlas had approximately 260 employees. The company's headquarters is located in Louisville, Kentucky and consists of a machine shop totaling more than 100,000 square feet. Additional facilities are located in Cincinnati, Ohio; Columbus, Ohio; Evansville, Indiana; Indianapolis, Indiana; Lexington, Kentucky; Harned, Kentucky; and Nashville, Tennessee.

Leadership 
In 2014 Richard Gimmel III became the fourth generation of his family to lead the company as president. His father and former president, Richard Gimmel Jr., was chairman until his retirement in 2019. In 2023, the company reorganized its operational structure to better manage the company's accelerated growth. The changes included Atlas President Richard Gimmel lll assuming a new leadership role as Chief Executive Officer.

References

External links
Company website

Industrial supply companies
Manufacturing companies based in Louisville, Kentucky
Gas compressors
1907 establishments in Kentucky
Manufacturing companies established in 1907
American companies established in 1907
Trade study. A trade study or trade-off study, also known as a figure of merit analysis or a factor of merit analysis, is the activity of a multidisciplinary team to identify the most balanced technical solutions among a set of proposed viable solutions (FAA 2006). These viable solutions are judged by their satisfaction of a series of measures or cost functions. These measures describe the desirable characteristics of a solution. They may be conflicting or even mutually exclusive. Trade studies are commonly used in the design of aerospace and automotive vehicles and the software selection process (Phillips et al. 2002) to find the configuration that best meets conflicting performance requirements.

The measures are dependent on variables that characterize the different potential solutions. If the system can be characterized by a set of equations, one can write the definition of the trade study problem as: Find the set of variables, xi, that give the best overall satisfaction to the measures:

 T1 = f1(x1, x2, x3.....)
 T2 = f2(x1, x2, x3.....)
 T3 = f3(x1, x2, x3.....)

 TN = fN(x1, x2, x3.....)

Where Tj is a target value and f(...) denotes some functional relationship among the variables. Further, the equality between the target and the function may be a richer relationship, as will be developed below. If the equations are linear, as in the production volume example used as a starting point below, then this problem is solvable using linear programming techniques. Generally, one or more of the targets is not fixed at a specific value, and it is desired to make these T values as large or small as possible. These are generally referred to as cost functions, and the other measures are treated as constraints.

If the situation was as described above, formal optimization or linear programming methods would work totally. However, in practice, needed information is: 
 Uncertain
 Evolving - new information is being developed that affects the trades
 Both qualitative and quantitative
 Comes from conflicting sources - in systems engineering, many people have some of the information needed; no one person has it all. 
 The best choice comes from a team, building a shared mental model of the situation.

See also
 Robust decision

References
 FAA, System Engineering Manual Version 3.1, Section 4.6, Trade Studies, Federal Aviation Administration, 2006, 
 Phillips, B. C. and S.M. Polen, Add Decision Analysis to Your COTS Selection Process, Crosstalk, April 2002
 Ullman D.G. and B.P. Spiegel, Trade Studies with Uncertain Information, Sixteenth Annual International Symposium of the International Council On Systems Engineering (INCOSE), July 2006. 

Decision analysis
Allison Randal. Allison Randal is a software developer and author.  She was the chief architect of the Parrot virtual machine, a member of the board of directors for The Perl Foundation, a director of the Python Software Foundation from 2010 to 2012, and the chairman of the Parrot Foundation.  She is also the lead developer of Punie, the port of Perl 1 to Parrot. She is co-author of Perl 6 and Parrot Essentials and the Synopses of Perl 6.  She was employed by O'Reilly Media. From August 2010 till February 2012, Randal was the Technical Architect of Ubuntu at Canonical.

In 2009, Randal was chair of O'Reilly's Open Source Convention (OSCON). She was elected a fellow of the Python Software Foundation in 2010.

She is currently a director of the Open Source Initiative and was its president between 2015 and 2017, taking over from and handing back to Simon Phipps. She also serves on the OpenStack Foundation board of directors.

References

External links 

 "here be unicorns", Allison Randal's blog
 An Interview with Allison Randal by Simon Cozens of perl.com
 Interview with Allison Randal by The Perl Review
 The Perl Programming Language

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Perl people
Perl writers
O'Reilly writers
American women computer scientists
American computer scientists
Members of the Open Source Initiative board of directors
Python (programming language) people
Open source advocates
21st-century American women
Meitetsu Kakamigahara Line. The  is a  railway line in Gifu Prefecture, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Meitetsu (Nagoya Railroad), connecting Meitetsu-Gifu station in the city of Gifu with Shin-Unuma station in Kakamigahara.

Stations 
● L: 
● E: 
● R: 
● MU:

History
The line was opened between 1926 and 1927 by the Mino Electric Railway, electrified at 600 V DC. The company merged with Meitetsu in 1935. The Gifu to Ogase section was double-tracked between 1938 and 1942, with the Ogase to Shin-Unuma section being double-tracked in 1964, the same year the voltage was increased to 1,500 V DC, enabling the maximum speed on the line to be raised from 65 km/h to 85 km/h.

Former connecting lines
A 1 km line branched off at Tagami Station, providing a connection to the Gifu Tram network (which was also 1,067 mm gauge) operated between 1970 and 2005 (when the tram system closed). It changed voltage (with a short dead section) to 600 V DC at the Keirinjo-mae end of the line.

Rail transport in Gifu Prefecture
Kakamigahara Line
1067 mm gauge railways in Japan
1500 V DC railway electrification
United States Council for Automotive Research. United States Council for Automotive Research LLC (USCAR) is an umbrella organization for collaborative research that comprises Ford Motor Company, General Motors and Stellantis.  Its goal is to further strengthen the technology base of the U.S. auto industry through cooperative research and development. It has Electrical Wiring Component Applications Partnership, United States Automotive Materials Partnership, and United States Advanced Battery Consortium (USABC) as part of its consortia. USABC pursues research and development of advanced energy systems for electric and hybrid electric vehicles to achieve significantly increased range and performance.

In November 2021, the US Advanced Battery Consortium in collaboration with the US Department of Energy awarded a $2 million grant to American Battery Technology Company, BASF, and Magnis Energy Technologies's C4V.

USCAR participates in the U.S. DRIVE Partnership with the U.S. Department of Energy, five energy companies, and two major utilities. Its mission is to develop and advance a sustainable transportation future.  This includes the high-risk research needed to:  enable a full range of affordable cars, light trucks and the fueling infrastructure to support them; reduce the dependence of the nation's personal transportation system on imported oil; minimize harmful vehicle emissions, without sacrificing freedom of mobility and freedom of vehicle choice; and enable a long-term transition to a hydrogen economy.

See also 
FreedomCAR
List of electric vehicle battery manufacturers
Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles

References

External links 
 USCAR.

Automotive industry in the United States
Research organizations in the United States
Steam crane. A steam crane is a crane powered by a steam engine.  It may be fixed or mobile and, if mobile, it may run on rail tracks, caterpillar tracks, road wheels, or be mounted on a barge. It usually has a vertical boiler placed at the back so that the weight of the boiler counterbalances the weight of the jib and load.

They were very common as railway breakdown cranes, and several have been preserved on heritage railways in the  United Kingdom.

Manufacturers
 Black Hawthorn of Gateshead (unrestored example at Beamish Museum
 Joseph Booth & Bros of Leeds
 Coles Cranes of Derby (restored example at Beamish Museum)
 Cowans, Sheldon & Company of Carlisle (rail cranes)
 Craven Brothers
 William Fairbairn & Sons of Manchester
 Ransomes & Rapier of Ipswich
 Ruston Proctor of Lincoln
 Stothert & Pitt of Bath
 Thomas Smith & Sons (Rodley) Ltd. of Leeds

See also

 Crane
 Crane (railroad)
 Crane tank
 Fairbairn steam crane
 Steam engine
 Steam shovel

References

External links

 Steam cranes inc. Ransomes & Rapier
 Cowans & Sheldon steam crane
 Nine Elms steam crane
 Ransomes & Rapier wartime-ordered 45-ton Steam Breakdown Cranes
 Cowans Sheldon 15-ton Steam Cranes
 Model steam crane

 
Cranes (machines)
Crane
Arrow Sport. The Arrow Sport is a two-seat sporting biplane aircraft built in the United States in the 1920s and 1930s.

Design and construction
The plane was designed by Swen Swanson and it was of largely conventional configuration with tailskid undercarriage, but was interesting in that the pilot and passenger sat side by side in the open cockpit, and because as originally designed, the fully cantilever wings lacked interplane struts – the upper wing attaching directly to the top of the fuselage. This latter feature proved so alarming to many prospective pilots that the manufacturer later supplied N-type struts that were of no real function other than to allay the aviators' fears.

Survivors

Nine biplane Sports remain registered in the United States as of 2020, mostly in museums and private collections, including:
 a Sport Pursuit (N8181, serial 432) preserved in the terminal building of the Lincoln Airport in Nebraska, Arrow's city of manufacture, and owned by the Nebraska State Historical Society.
 a Sport (N530A, serial 304) preserved at the Dakota Territory Air Museum in North Dakota.
 a Sport A2-60 (ex-N9325/G-AARO, serial 341) preserved at the National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C.
 a Sport Pursuit (N853H, serial 412) is on display at the Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum in Oregon.

Variants
 Sport – Two-seat sporting biplane, powered by a 60-hp (45-kW) LeBlond radial piston engine.
 Sport 85 – 85 hp Leblond radial, extra four degrees of dihedral on lower wing.
 Sport A2
 Sport A2-40
 Sport A2-60  LeBlond radial engines
 Sport A2-66
 Sport A2-90 Tangerine
 Sport A2-100  Kinner C-5
 Sport Pursuit (renamed Sport K in 1935) – Improved version, powered by a 100-hp (75-kW) Kinner K-5 radial engine.
 Sport V-8 (renamed the Model F) – Two-seat monoplane version, powered by a converted  Ford V8 automobile engine.
 Sport M – Model F with a  Menasco C-4 Pirate engine.

Specifications (A2-60)

See also

References
Notes

Bibliography

External links

 Arrow Sport A2-60 – National Air and Space Museum
 Arrow Sport – Aviation History Online Museum

1920s United States sport aircraft
Sport
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1926
Arrow Aircraft and Motors. Arrow Aircraft and Motor Corporation was an American aircraft manufacturer based in Havelock, Nebraska in the 1920s and 1930s. It built a variety of light sporting aircraft.

History
The Arrow Aircraft Corporation founded on 27 March 1926 in Havelock, Nebraska by John D. Moore, George E. Moore, and Frederick J. Platz. In 1928, the Patriot Manufacturing Company, a truck body producer, was purchased and merged into the new entity, Arrow Aircraft and Motors. It began experimenting with using Ford V8 engines in aircraft in 1934. However, by 1939 the company was bankrupt, a consequence of the effect of the Great Depression, and cost overruns with LeBlond engines. Despite a hope that the increase in defense manufacturing – including a contract with Boeing – might save the company, its assets were later sold at two sheriff's sales in 1940.

Aircraft

See also

 History of Lincoln, Nebraska

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links

  at Nebraska State Historical Society

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the United States
Companies based in Nebraska
Defunct companies based in Nebraska
History of Lincoln, Nebraska
American companies established in 1925
American companies disestablished in 1939
Manufacturing companies established in 1925
Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1939
1925 establishments in Nebraska
1939 disestablishments in Nebraska
Blue Oak Energy. Blue Oak Energy is an American full-service photovoltaic system design, engineering and consulting firm. The company engineers commercial and utility solar photovoltaic (PV) energy systems in the United States and abroad.

The company engineered and constructed the Google campus in Mountain View, California, the San Francisco International Airport, and the 37MW Long Island Solar Farm, and has designed solar installations for Whole Foods, Staples, Walmart, the US Navy, and the State of California.

History
In 2003, Tobin Booth established Blue Oak Energy in Davis, California.

In 2006, the firm was selected to engineer the campus-wide distributed generation solar facility at the Google headquarters in Mountain View, California.

In 2008, Blue Oak Energy began delivering commercial rooftop solar projects for REI retail stores and warehouse facilities throughout the United States.

In late 2011, the firm partnered with Baker Electric Solar to complete the design and construction oversight for a 1.5MW project for the U.S. Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center in Twentynine Palms, California. Blue Oak Energy designed hardware for the solar panel mounting involved in the project.

In December 2012, Blue Oak Energy constructed Arizona's largest rooftop solar array (4.2MW) at a First Solar facility.

By 2013, the firm engineered and constructed a 4.4MW utility scale solar farm located in Shasta County, California.

In 2014, Blue Oak Energy engineered and constructed the 2.6MW Putah Creek Solar Farm near Davis, California. That same year, the firm engineered and constructed the 908KW Fortinet distributed generation solar campus project in Santa Clara, California.

Recognition
During 2013, Blue Oak Energy was placed #629 in Inc. Magazine's annual listing of the 5,000 fastest growing private companies in the United States.

In 2014, Solar Power World Magazine listed Blue Oak Energy as the #98 solar contractor in the United States.

References

External links
 

Solar energy companies of the United States
Construction and civil engineering companies of the United States
Engineering consulting firms of the United States
Engineering companies of the United States
Solar energy in California
Davis, California
Companies based in Sacramento, California
Companies based in Sacramento County, California
Energy companies established in 2003
Renewable resource companies established in 2003
2003 establishments in California
Privately held companies based in California
American companies established in 2003
PKP class EW90. EW90 is the name for German Reichsbahn ET 165 electric multiple units working for Polish State Railways (PKP) after World War II.

History

The German ET 165 units were built in the period between 1928 and 1936 to service Berlin S-Bahn lines. While many units of this type were destroyed during the war, 189 ET 165, ET 166 and ET 167 vehicles were stabled in Schweidnitz (Świdnica), which after 1945 became part of Poland. As part of German reparations 54 were taken over by the PKP. From 1951 to 1957 were refurbished in Lubań as EW90, EW91 and EW92 units to service SKM lines in the Tricity area of Gdańsk, Sopot and Gdynia. It was necessary to rebuild cars to change the power supply from third rail system into pantographs.

EW90 EMUs finished their service in 1976 when the power supply on SKM lines changed from 800 V. into 3 000 V.

Technical data
Each unit consisted of two cars: engine car and trailer. It was possible to connect four units in order to gain an eight car train.

GBM-700 type electric engines used in EW90, EW91 and EW92 units have four main poles and four commutation poles. Two-step reduction of engine excitation (up to 50%) is made by a short-circuit of parts of main poles. Engine cooling is done with a fan installed on the engines' shafts.

External links
 EW90 pictures gallery at Chester home page, URL accessed on May 4, 2007.
 EW90, EW91 and EW92 information at Pojazdy Komunikacji, URL accessed on May 4, 2007.

See also
Polish locomotives designation

Electric multiple units of Poland