omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Capsa (software). Capsa is the name for a family of packet analyzers developed by Colasoft for network administrators to monitor, troubleshoot and analyze wired & wireless networks. The company provides a free edition for individuals, but paid licenses are available for businesses and enterprises. The software includes Ethernet packet analysis, diagnostics and a security monitoring system.

References

External links
Colasoft Official website
Colasoft Official Blog
Colasoft Capsa FAQ

 

 - lists Colasoft Capsa Free edition

Network analyzers
Pintos. Pintos is a simple instructional operating system framework for the x86 instruction set architecture. It supports kernel threads, loading and running user programs, and a file system, but it implements all of these in a very simple way.  

Pintos is currently used by multiple institutions, including UT Austin, UC Berkeley, UC Santa Cruz, University at Buffalo and Imperial College London, as an academic aid in Operating Systems class curriculums.

History 
It was created at Stanford University by Ben Pfaff in 2004. It originated as a replacement for Not Another Completely Heuristic Operating System (Nachos), a similar system originally developed at UC Berkeley by Thomas E. Anderson, and was designed along similar lines.

Comparison to Nachos 
Like Nachos, Pintos is intended to introduce undergraduates to concepts in operating system design and implementation by requiring them to implement significant portions of a real operating system, including thread and memory management and file system access. Pintos also teaches students valuable debugging skills.

Unlike Nachos, Pintos can run on actual x86 hardware, though it is often run atop an x86 emulator, such as Bochs or QEMU. Nachos, by contrast, runs as a user process on a host operating system, and targets the MIPS architecture (Nachos code must run atop a MIPS simulator).  Pintos and its accompanying assignments are also written in the programming language C instead of C++ (used for original Nachos) or Java (used for Nachos 5.0j).

See also
Xv6
Not Another Completely Heuristic Operating System (Nachos)
Minix

References

External links

Free software operating systems
X86 operating systems
Educational operating systems
Software using the BSD license
2004 software
Union technique de l'électricité et de la communication. The Union Technique de l'Electricité et de la Communication (UTE) is the French national organisation for normalisation in the domain of electronics. It is a member of the International Electrotechnical Commission and of the CENELEC.

It was founded in 1907 as the Union des syndicats de l'électricité from a merger of the Syndicat professionnel des industries électriques and the Syndicat professionnel des usines d'électricité.

Florent Guillain was one of the first presidents.

References

External links
 

Electrical safety standards organizations
Trade associations based in France
Marcus Hutter. Marcus Hutter (born 14 April 1967 in Munich) is a computer scientist, professor and artificial intelligence researcher. As a senior researcher at DeepMind, he studies the mathematical foundations of artificial general intelligence.

Hutter studied physics and computer science at the Technical University of Munich. In 2000 he joined Jürgen Schmidhuber's group at the Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence Research in Manno, Switzerland. He developed a mathematical formalism of artificial general intelligence named AIXI. He has served as a professor at the College of Engineering, Computing and Cybernetics of the Australian National University in Canberra, Australia.

Research 

Starting in 2000, Hutter developed and published a mathematical theory of artificial general intelligence, AIXI, based on idealised intelligent agents and reward-motivated reinforcement learning. His first book Universal Artificial Intelligence: Sequential Decisions Based on Algorithmic Probability was published in 2005 by Springer. Also in 2005, Hutter published with his doctoral student Shane Legg an intelligence test for artificial intelligence devices. In 2009, Hutter developed and published the theory of feature reinforcement learning. In 2014, Lattimore and Hutter published an asymptotically optimal extension of the AIXI agent.

An accessible podcast with Lex Fridman about his theory of Universal AI appeared in 2021 and a more technical follow-up with Tim Nguyen in 2024 in the Cartesian Cafe. His new (2024) book also gives a more accessible introduction to Universal AI and progress in the 20 years since his first book, including a chapter on ASI safety, which featured as a keynote at the inaugural workshop on AI safety in Sydney.

Hutter Prize 

In 2006, Hutter announced the Hutter Prize for Lossless Compression of Human Knowledge, with a total of €50,000 in prize money. In 2020, Hutter raised the prize money for the Hutter Prize to €500,000.

See also 

 Solomonoff induction

Published works

References

Living people
Machine learning researchers
Artificial intelligence researchers
German computer scientists
Technical University of Munich alumni
Academic staff of the Australian National University
1967 births
DeepMind people
AI safety scientists
Cadmium oxide. Cadmium oxide is an inorganic compound with the formula CdO. It is one of the main precursors to other cadmium compounds. It crystallizes in a cubic rocksalt lattice like sodium chloride, with octahedral cation and anion centers. It occurs naturally as the rare mineral monteponite. Cadmium oxide can be found as a colorless amorphous powder or as brown or red crystals. Cadmium oxide is an n-type semiconductor with a band gap of 2.18 eV (2.31 eV) at room temperature (298 K).

Production and structure
Since cadmium compounds are often found in association with zinc ores, cadmium oxide is a common by-product of zinc refining. It is produced by burning elemental cadmium in air. Pyrolysis of other cadmium compounds, such as the nitrate or the carbonate, also affords this oxide. When pure, it is red, but CdO is unusual in being available in many differing colours due to its tendency to form defect structures resulting from anion vacancies. Cadmium oxide is prepared commercially by oxidizing cadmium vapor in air.

Uses
Cadmium oxide is used in cadmium plating baths, electrodes for storage batteries, cadmium salts, catalysts, ceramic glazes, phosphors, and nematocide. Major uses for cadmium oxide are as an ingredient for electroplating baths, optoelectronic devices, and in pigments.

Transparent conductor
CdO is used as a transparent conductive material, which was prepared as a transparent conducting film as early as 1907 by Karl Baedeker. Cadmium oxide in the form of thin films has been used in applications such as photodiodes, phototransistors, photovoltaic cells, transparent electrodes, liquid crystal displays, IR detectors, and anti reflection coatings. CdO microparticles undergo bandgap excitation when exposed to UV-A light and is also selective in phenol photodegradation.

Cadmium plating
Most commercial electroplating of cadmium is done by electrodeposition from cyanide baths. These cyanide baths consist of cadmium oxide and sodium cyanide in water, which likely form cadmium cyanide and sodium hydroxide. A typical formula is 32 g/L cadmium oxide and 75 g/L sodium cyanide. The cadmium concentration may vary by as much as 50%. Brighteners are usually added to the bath and the plating is done at room temperature with high-purity cadmium anodes.

Reactivity
CdO is a basic oxide and is thus attacked by aqueous acids to give solutions of [Cd(H2O)6]2+. Upon treatment with strong alkaline solutions,  forms.
A thin coat of cadmium oxide forms on the surface of cadmium in moist air at room temperature. Cadmium will oxidize at room temperatures to form CdO. Cadmium vapor and steam will form CdO and hydrogen in a reversible reaction.

References

External links

Cadmium(II) oxide information at Webelements.

Cadmium compounds
Oxides
II-VI semiconductors
IARC Group 1 carcinogens
Rock salt crystal structure
Uranium(III) chloride. Uranium(III) chloride, UCl3, is a water soluble salt of uranium.  UCl3 is used mostly to reprocess spent nuclear fuel.  Uranium(III) chloride is synthesized in various ways from uranium(IV) chloride; however, UCl3 is less stable than UCl4.

Preparation
There are two ways to synthesize uranium(III) chloride.  The following processes describe how to produce uranium(III) chloride.

(1) In a mixture of NaCl-KCl at 670–710 °C, add uranium tetrachloride with uranium metal.
3UCl4 + U → 4UCl3

(2) Heat uranium(IV) chloride in hydrogen gas.
2UCl4 + H2 → 2UCl3 + 2HCl

Properties
In solid uranium(III) chloride each uranium atom has nine chlorine atoms as near neighbours, at approximately the same distance, in a tricapped trigonal prismatic configuration.

Uranium(III) chloride is a green crystalline solid at room temperature.  UCl3 melts at 837 °C and boils at 1657 °C.  Uranium(III) chloride has a density of 5500 kg/m3 or 5.500 g/cm3.

Its composition by weight:
Chlorine: 30.84%
Uranium: 69.16%

Its formal oxidative states:
Chlorine: −1
Uranium: +3

This salt is very soluble in water and is also very hygroscopic.  UCl3 is more stable in a solution of hydrochloric acid.

Uses

Reagent
Uranium(III) chloride is used in reactions with tetrahydrofuran (THF) and sodium methylcyclopentadiene to prepare various uranium metallocene complexes.

Catalyst
Uranium(III) chloride is used as a catalyst during reactions between lithium aluminium hydride (LiAlH4) and olefins to produce alkyl aluminate compounds.

Molten form
Molten uranium(III) chloride is an important component of liquid nuclear fuel used in molten-salt reactors. Neutron scattering and computational studies point to the presence of unusual heterogeneous bonding environment around U(III) at high temperatures, with distinct inner- and outer-coordination subshells. The molten form of uranium(III) chloride is also a typical compound in pyrochemical processes as it is important in the  reprocessing of spent nuclear fuels. UCl3 is usually the form that uranium takes as spent fuel in electrorefining processes.

Hydrates
There are three hydrates of uranium(III) chloride:
UCl3.2H2O.2CH3CN
UCl3.6H2O
UCl3.7H2O

Each are synthesized by the reduction of uranium(IV) chloride in methylcyanide (acetonitrile), with specific amounts of water and propionic acid.

Precautions
While there are no long-term data on the toxic effects thas UCl3, it is important to minimize exposure to this compound when possible.

Similar to other uranium compounds that are soluble in water, UCl3 is likely absorbed into the blood through the alveolar pockets of the lungs within days of exposure.  Exposure to uranium(III) chloride leads to toxicity of the renal system.

References

External links 
 Uranium(III) chloride information at Webelements
 Uranium(III) chloride International Bio-Analytical Industries, Inc.
Depleted Uranium: All the Questions about DU and Gulf War Syndrome are Not Yet Answered

Uranium(III) compounds
Chlorides
Actinide halides
Youcef Yousfi. Youcef Yousfi () (born 2 October 1941) is an Algerian politician who was the country's Minister of Energy and Mines between 2010 and 2015. He briefly served as Acting Prime Minister of Algeria in March–April 2014. Yousfi was Algeria's Permanent Representative to the United Nations from 2006 to 2008.

Early life and education
Born in Batna, Yousfi graduated from the École nationale supérieure des industries chimiques (National School of Chemical Engineering) in France, and obtained a PhD in physics from the Université de Nancy. He also has a degree in economics.

Career
Yousfi was a senior lecturer, then a professor of chemical engineering at the National Polytechnic School, and then the Houari Boumediene University of Sciences and Technologies, both in Algiers. He was also director of the chemistry institute there. He was also an oil adviser at the Ministry of Industry and Energy.

In the late 1970s, Yousfi was appointed as marketing vice-president at Sonatrach, and in 1985, he became its CEO. In 1996, he became chief of staff to Algerian President, Liamine Zéroual. In 1997, he was appointed as Minister of Oil and Energy and was also first elected as a member of the People's National Assembly.

In early 1999, Yousfi became president of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). On 23 December 1999 he was appointed as Minister of Foreign Affairs. He was replaced by Abdelaziz Belkhadem in the post in August 2000, when Yousfi moved on to become Minister-Delegate to Prime Minister, Ali Benflis.

In April 2001, Yousfi was nominated as Ambassador of Algeria to Canada, before becoming Permanent Representative to the United Nations in 2006.

On 1 July 2020, he was sentenced to 3 years in prison on corruption charges.

Personal life
Yousfi is married and has three children.

References

External links
Biography
Algerian News – Yousfi presents his credentials

1941 births
Ministers of energy and mines of Algeria
Ambassadors of Algeria to Canada
Ministers of foreign affairs of Algeria
Government ministers of Algeria
Living people
Members of the People's National Assembly
Nancy-Université alumni
OPEC people
People from Batna, Algeria
Permanent Representatives of Algeria to the United Nations
Heads of government who were later imprisoned
21st-century Algerian people
IBM 3196. The IBM 3196 Display Station is a 24x80 monochrome display and keyboard made by IBM. It can be used with the System/36, System/38, or AS/400 through wired attachment or Telnet. It uses a typewriter keyboard to enter, display, and manipulate data on a 12-inch monochrome screen. The 3196 performs all the basic functions of the 5291-2, as well as some additional functions. The 3196 also has a 25th character line containing an operator information area. The 3196 is compatible with the 5291 Model 2 Display Station and applications written for that product will operate on the 3196.

Features
 24x80 monochrome display
 Offers functions equivalent to the 5291 model 2
 Comes with Cable-Thru with Auto-Termination and Screen Glare Reduction
 Consists of three workstation elements: video, logic, and keyboard
 Offers field editing of individual data-input fields
 Allows variety of cable attachments and connections
 Provides Security Keylock and other security facilities

Elements 
The IBM 3196 contains the following elements:

 Display
 Display stand
 122-key keyboard
 Keyboard overlay
 Logic element
 Auto-termination unit
 Security keys
 Video cable
 Power cord
 User guide

References 

3196
3196
Application Isolation API. The Application Isolation API (JSR 121) provides a specification for isolating and controlling Java application life cycles within a single Java Virtual Machine (JVM) or between multiple JVMs. An isolated computation is described as an Isolate that can communicate and exchange resource handles (e.g. open files) with other Isolates through a messaging facility.

External links 

 JSR 121: Application Isolation API Specification
 The Multi-Tasking Virtual Machine: Building a Highly Scalable JVM

Java specification requests
Ronald E. Cohen. Ronald E. Cohen (born 5 March 1957) is an American scientist at the Carnegie Institution for Science's Geophysical Laboratory. He is a theorist who works on understanding materials, ranging from minerals to technological materials like ferroelectrics. Much of his work has centered on materials at extreme conditions, like the high pressures at the center of the Earth, and on transducer materials, used for sonar and medical ultrasound. He is one of the pioneers for applying of first-principles methods to minerals. In first-principles methods, only the atom types are input, and all properties can be computed using quantum mechanics. He also expanded the application of these methods to ferroelectrics, and continues to clarify the origin of ferroelectric and relaxor behavior.

He was awarded the Dana Medal by the Mineralogical Society of America in 2009, and the Mineralogical Society of America Award in 1994. He is a fellow of the American Physical Society (2002), the American Geophysical Union, and the Mineralogical Society of America. He has also contributed to about 200 scientific papers, and has given about 200 invited talks around the world.

He lives in Silver Spring, Maryland with his wife Kathryn. They have three children, Daniel, Jacob, and Rebecca.

References

External links
Ronald E. Cohen's homepage at the Carnegie Institution for Science

1957 births
Living people
American geophysicists
Fellows of the American Geophysical Union
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Fellows of the Mineralogical Society of America
Rubidium telluride. Rubidium telluride is the inorganic compound with the formula Rb2Te.  It is a yellow-green powder that melts at either 775 °C or 880 °C (two different values have been reported).  It is an obscure material of minor academic interest.

Like other alkali metal chalcogenides, Rb2Te is prepared from the elements in liquid ammonia.

Rubidium telluride is used in some space-based UV detectors.

The compound has several polymorphs. At room temperature, ω-Rb2Te is a metastable antiflourite type structure, and transforms to α-Rb2Te upon heating, which is a PbCl2 type structure.

References

External links
 
 

Tellurides
Rubidium compounds
Fluorite crystal structure
LET TG-10. The TG-10 is the military designation for the Blanik, Super Blaník and Blanik L-33 Solo Czechoslovakian sailplanes used for basic flight training at the United States Air Force Academy. The academy maintained an inventory of 21 TG-10s, in these three variants, until 2012. The aircraft were flown by cadets and officers of the 94th Flying Training Squadron, 306th Flying Training Group, Nineteenth Air Force, Air Education and Training Command.

Variants
All of the TG-10 models are of aluminium semi-monocoque construction with fabric-covered control surfaces. All are equipped with full soaring instrument panels (altimeter, airspeed indicator, accelerometer, variometer, vertical velocity indicator, magnetic compass) and feature a full avionics suite (VHF radio, GPS, navigation computer, ELT).

TG-10B Merlin: LET L-23 Super Blanik. 12 in inventory. Basic trainer; 2-seat tandem configuration. Used in the academy's Soar For All Program and for training cadets to become glider instructor pilots. Four of them have been configured for high altitude wave soaring.

TG-10C Kestrel/"Saber": LET L-13AC Blanik. 5 in inventory. Advanced trainer; cockpit and controls are identical to the Merlin making transitions between the two aircraft very seamless. Used for aerobatics and spin training. Slightly heavier with shorter wingspan and conventional tail configuration offers slightly faster dynamic response to control inputs.

TG-10D Peregrine/"Thunder": Let L-33 Solo. 4 in inventory. Advanced trainer; single seater. Cockpit and controls are similar to TG-10B. Used for advanced cross country and wave soaring training.

In 2007 the Air Force Academy began retiring the TG-10D sailplanes in favor of the newer high-performance gliders, the Schempp-Hirth Duo Discus and Discus 2b, designated the TG-15A (tandem two-seater) and TG-15B (single seat). In 2011, the Air Force Academy began retiring its remaining TG-10B and TG-10C gliders. Both variants have been replaced by the TG-16A.

History
The academy used the older, very reliable TG-4 gliders (Schweizer SGS 2-33) until 2002, when it replaced them with the newer TG-10. Until 2004, sailplane operations were conducted by the 94th Flying Training Squadron under the 34th Operations Group, a unit of the 34th Training Wing, United States Air Force Academy. In 2004, the 94th as well as other operations units at the academy (98th and 557th) realigned under Air Education and Training Command.

See also

References

 TG-10B Merlin fact sheet, U.S. Air Force Academy. Accessed 2010-11-16.

2000s Czech military trainer aircraft
Glider aircraft
TG-10
LANC. LANC (Logic Application Control Bus System or Local Application Control Bus System), also known as Control-L is a hardware and software communication protocol invented by Sony that synchronizes cameras.

The LANC terminal on Sony and other manufacturers' camcorders lets accessories, such as tripods with a control handle, control the camera over a cable connected to the LANC port instead of using buttons on the camera. It is also available on many still cameras, where it is called ACC (the Sony DSC-xxxx series of cameras).

The bi-directional protocol is made up of 8 (8-bit) bytes, usually clocked by the camera at 9600 bit/s. Each frame of bytes occurs in sync with the beginning of each video frame (NTSC or PAL). The physical connector is either a 5-pin mini-DIN connector and jack or a 2.5mm 3-conductor phone jack and plug (TRS connector).

In newer Sony digital Handycam camcorders with 10-pin multi-A/V remote terminal jacks, LANC is available, but not directly accessible without making a home-made adapter cable or a pre-made cable by Sony Part# J-6082-535-A. Sony RM-AV2 Remote Commander is an example of a LANC controller that plugs into the Sony 10-pin multi-A/V remote terminal jack.

Starting with the 2015 model year, Sony has switched to a special 15 pin multiport connector that looks similar to a USB connector. However, it has 15 pins inside the connector, where a USB connection has 5. Currently, only the Sony VPR-RM1 controller works with Sony camcorders from 2015 and newer.

Sony "Control-S" is a similar interface, but is uni-directional, providing control-only, and not feedback from the controlled device. 

Panasonic Control-M is a similar 5-pin mini-DIN bi-directional interface and protocol with a different implementation.

See also
Joint Level Interface Protocol

References

External links
English and German LANC technical information

Film and video technology

de:LANC
Teridian Semiconductor. Teridian Semiconductor Corporation (TSC) is a brand of mixed-signal ICs, primarily for energy-management markets that is manufactured by Silergy. It was formerly owned by Maxim Integrated Products.

Products
Teridian metrology system-on-chip (SOC) solutions provide energy metering, measurement and control for the Smart Grid.

Other former Teridian products remain with Maxim Integrated, and included power-line communications, 10/100 Ethernet PHY, MAC+PHY, SFP Modules, VOIP FXO, PSTN soft modems with silicon DAA, smart-card interfaces and secure access controllers.

Brief history
The business unit has been in existence for more than thirty years.

It began as Silicon Systems of Tustin, in Tustin, CA. An unusual vision of the original business was to provide complete solutions, including analog, digital, firmware and any large-systems software and drivers. It was reorganized and sold to Texas Instruments, reorganized, then parts of the business were sold to TDK Corporation, which moved it to nearby Irvine, CA. Teridian Semiconductor was formed on April 8, 2005, in a leveraged buyout arranged by Golden Gate Capital, a venture capital firm. Maxim Integrated Products acquired Teridian Semiconductor in April 2010 for $315 million in cash. The Teridian energy measurement products group was sold to Silergy on March 18, 2016, with some personnel remaining with Maxim to support other products. The acquisition was completed on 31 December 2015 for about $110 million, and was granted early termination on 25 February 2016 by the Federal Trade Commission.

References

External links
Digitimes Article about Silergy's Acquisition of Teridian
Maxim announcement of acquisition

Semiconductor companies of the United States
Fabless semiconductor companies
Manufacturing companies based in Greater Los Angeles
Technology companies based in Greater Los Angeles
Companies based in Irvine, California
Electronics companies established in 2005
2005 establishments in California