omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Barotropic fluid. In fluid dynamics, a barotropic fluid is a fluid whose density is a function of pressure only. The barotropic fluid is a useful model of fluid behavior in a wide variety of scientific fields, from meteorology to astrophysics.

The density of most liquids is nearly constant (isopycnic), so it can be stated that their densities vary only weakly with pressure and temperature. Water, which varies only a few percent with temperature and salinity, may be approximated as barotropic. In general, air is not barotropic, as it is a function of temperature and pressure; but, under certain circumstances, the barotropic assumption can be useful. 

In astrophysics, barotropic fluids are important in the study of stellar interiors or of the interstellar medium. One common class of barotropic model used in astrophysics is a polytropic fluid. Typically, the barotropic assumption is not very realistic.

In meteorology, a barotropic atmosphere is one that for which the density of the air depends only on pressure, as a result isobaric surfaces (constant-pressure surfaces) are also constant-density surfaces. Such isobaric surfaces will also be isothermal surfaces, hence (from the thermal wind equation) the geostrophic wind will not vary with depth. Hence, the motions of a rotating barotropic air mass is strongly constrained. The tropics are more nearly barotropic than mid-latitudes because temperature is more nearly horizontally uniform in the tropics.

A barotropic flow is a generalization of a barotropic atmosphere. It is a flow in which the pressure is a function of the density only and vice versa. In other words, it is a flow in which isobaric surfaces are isopycnic surfaces and vice versa.  One may have a barotropic flow of a non-barotropic fluid, but a barotropic fluid will always follow a barotropic flow.  Examples include barotropic layers of the oceans, an isothermal ideal gas or an isentropic ideal gas.  

A fluid which is not barotropic is baroclinic, i. e., pressure is not the only factor to determine density. For a barotropic fluid or a barotropic flow (such as a barotropic atmosphere), the baroclinic vector is zero.

See also 
 Atmospheric dynamics

References 

 James R Holton, An introduction to dynamic meteorology, , 3rd edition, p77.
 Marcel Lesieur, "Turbulence in Fluids: Stochastic and Numerical Modeling", , 2e.
 David Tritton, "Physical Fluid Dynamics", .

Fluid dynamics
Atmospheric dynamics
Symbios Logic. Symbios Logic was a manufacturer of SCSI host adapter chipsets and disk array storage subsystems. It was originally established as the NCR Microelectronics division of NCR Corporation in 1972, before NCR's takeover by AT&T Corporation in 1991.

In 1995, AT&T sold off the division to Hyundai Electronics (later known as Hynix) which established the name Symbios Logic. In July 1998 Hyundai sold Symbios (then headquartered in Fort Collins, Colorado) to LSI Logic for $760 million cash.
In November 2000, LSI acquired Syntax Systems, and in August 2001 the groups merged to become LSI Logic Storage Systems. In 2004 its name was changed to Engenio Information Technologies, Inc. The subsidiary filed for an initial public offering on February 19, 2004.
At the time, Engenio's chief executive was Thomas Georgens, and its headquarters were in Milpitas, California.
After a number of delays, the request was withdrawn in August 2004.

On March 9, 2011, LSI announced its sale of its Engenio storage group to NetApp for $480 million in cash.
The sale of the Engenio division, which generated revenues of $705 million in 2010, completed in May.

References

1972 establishments in Ohio
1991 disestablishments in Ohio
1991 establishments in Colorado
1991 mergers and acquisitions
1998 mergers and acquisitions
2001 establishments in Colorado
2001 mergers and acquisitions
American companies established in 1972
American companies disestablished in 2001
Computer companies established in 1972
Computer companies disestablished in 2001
Defunct computer companies of the United States
Defunct computer hardware companies
NCR Corporation
IAR 14. The IAR 14 is a Romanian low-wing monoplane fighter-trainer aircraft designed before World War II.

Design and development
After rejection of IAR 12, Romanian officials did not want to discourage eventual national aircraft production. Therefore, in early 1933, an unofficial message was forwarded from top levels to Brasov, essentially indicating that a small number of fighter-trainers would be purchased by the air force. The I.A.R. team immediately began to work on a new type, designated I.A.R. 14, still based on the experience gained with previous designs

The airplane was designed by IAR design bureau in 1933 and was an evolution from the IAR 12 prototype. It was a  cantilever low-winged monoplane with a spatted main undercarriage with V-form legs and a single, open cockpit over the wing.  The rectangular section fuselage was  of mixed metal-wood configuration, with the front half covered by duralumin sheets and the rear part with pine plywood.  The tail had been modified once more and the control surfaces were balanced. The pilot's head rest was not fitted with the anti-crash pylon, typical to the precedent prototypes. The engine was mounted on welded steel bearers attached to a duralumin fireproof bulkhead.  The wings were built around twin duralumin spars and pine and plywood ribs and had plywood leading edges.  The centre section, let into the fuselage underside was duralumin covered, outer sections and ailerons fabric-covered.  The fixed tail was built of pine and plywood-covered, the moving surfaces duralumin with fabric cover.

The aircraft was equipped with the IAR LD 450 powerplant, produced under license by IAR, that also equipped the IAR 12. The first flight took place in June 1933. In September 1933, an order for 20 aircraft was placed.

Operators

Royal Romanian Air Force

Specifications (IAR 14)

See also

References

Bibliography

1930s Romanian fighter aircraft
14
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1933
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
OW2. OW2 is an independent non-profit international consortium dedicated to developing open-source software code infrastructure for middleware information systems. OW2 federates IT vendors and users, universities, and research centers from Europe, Asia, and the Americas, representing IT professionals.

History 

OW2 was founded in 2007 as an independent organization to foster the ObjectWeb code base of open source middleware. ObjectWeb was a joint project launched in 2002 by INRIA, Bull, and France Telecom; in 2005 INRIA signed an agreement with OrientWare, a joint project between Peking University, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (now Beihang University), National University of Defense Technology, CVIC Software Engineering Co., Ltd, and the Institute of Software at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. All became founding members of OW2 along with Engineering, Red Hat, and Thales Group.

Activities

Projects
OW2 hosts circa 100 open-source projects. Projects make up the OW2 code base and are foundation of all OW2 activities. Projects can be submitted into the OW2 code base after meeting some minimum requirements and applying. At this point, a Project is considered to be in "Incubation," the first of OW2's defined lifecycle stages. Upon gaining code contributors, growing, and meeting rigorous requirements, a project can apply for "mature" status. The application is then reviewed by the OW2 Technology Council and granted mature status or kept in incubation. If a project stops evolving and updating, it can then be moved to the third lifecycle stage, "Archive," where it is no longer active but can use OW2's infrastructure services.

Hosting
In 2008, only a year after its founding, OW2 began hosting its projects via Concurrent Versions System (CVS) and Apache Subversion (SVN) using GForge. Later, support for CVS was disabled and hosting via Git using Gitorious began. In 2018, only a decade after it had begun using it, OW2 decommissioned its use of GForge and SVN in lieu of Git, after having migrated to using GitLab.

OW2con 
OW2con is an annual conference for the OW2 community, organized since 2009.

References

Further reading 
Building a cloud ecosystem with open source, May 2013
Après la BI, le Cloud et l'internet des objets, OW2 se penche sur la sécurité, Novembre 2014 (French)
Pourquoi la France et l'Europe doivent devenir contributeurs et plus seulement consommateurs, Novembre 2015, (French).
OW2 Consortium: Building Beyond Europe, June 2017

External links
Beechcraft Skipper. The Beechcraft Model 77 Skipper is a two-seat, fixed tricycle gear general aviation airplane, originally designed for flight training but also used for touring and personal flying.

Design and development
The Skipper was conceived with the design goals of creating a low cost primary trainer with an emphasis on ease of maintenance and low operating costs.

Design work on the Skipper began in 1974 as the PD 285, which made its maiden flight on February 6, 1975. The Skipper was Beechcraft's attempt to enter the two-place trainer market with an aircraft capable of competing with the popular Cessna 150 line of trainer aircraft. Though the aircraft first flew with a standard tail configuration, by the time it entered production, a T-tail configuration had been adopted, giving it an appearance very similar to its close competitor, the Piper PA-38 Tomahawk introduced in 1978.

Like the Cessna and Piper trainers which were its primary competition, the Skipper utilizes the Lycoming O-235 engine and features side-by-side configuration seating. Production was handled at the Liberal (Kansas) Division, where the Beechcraft Duchess and Musketeer were produced.

The Skipper wing utilizes a GA(W)-1 airfoil, specifically developed for low-speed aviation applications, based on 1970s NASA research. The aircraft was certified for intentional spins.  While it is an all-metal design, the Skipper incorporated a number of innovative construction techniques, including tubular spars and aluminum honeycomb construction with metal-to-metal bonding, a technique inherited from the Musketeer family. The flaps and ailerons are actuated by torque tubes, rather than cables. The landing gear is mounted to the fuselage/wing junction, but has a  wide wheelbase, giving it a "spraddle-legged" appearance on the ground.

Operational history

The Skipper had the misfortune of being introduced at the beginning of a severe downturn in general aviation aircraft production in the United States. During its first year 1979, 47 were built, 140 in 1980, and 125 in 1981. Production stopped in 1983. A total of 312 aircraft were built.

Most of the production run was initially delivered to Beechcraft's flight school network, the Beech Aero Centers, where they were used as primary trainers.  A handful of Skippers are still in use as trainers.  Others are in the hands of private owners who use them as touring aircraft.

Specifications

See also

References
Notes

Bibliography
 "Airdata File: Beechcraft PD 285". Air Enthusiast, December 1975, Vol 9 No 6. p. 312.
 Taylor, John W. R. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1980–81. London: Jane's Publishing Company, 1980. .
 Federal Aviation Administration, Rev 8.pdf Type certificate data sheet no. A30CE, Revision 8,  (November 27, 2017)

External links

 Beechcraft website

Skipper
1970s United States civil trainer aircraft
1970s United States civil utility aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
T-tail aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1978
Aircraft with fixed tricycle landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
ISAT. ISAT can stand for:

International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial
Illinois Standards Achievement Test
Idaho Standards Achievement Test
In Situ Adaptive Tabulation
International Student Admissions Test
International Schools Association of Thailand
Internet Security Awareness Training
Innovative Space-based Radar Antenna Technology
Institut supérieur de l'automobile et des transports
Iodine Satellite
In Stars and Time

See also
 I.Sat—Latin American cable channel
Sumitomo Metal Industries. was a steel manufacturer based in Osaka, Japan until it merged with Nippon Steel in 2012 to form Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation, the third largest steel manufacturer in the world as of 2015.

Its origins as a modern company date from 1897, when Sumitomo Copper works was opened in Osaka, and as a steelmaker from 1901, when Sumitomo Steel works began operation.

It was the third largest integrated steel manufacturer in Japan with three integrated steelworks (Wakayama, Wakayama; Kainan, Wakayama; and Kashima, Ibaraki) and several other manufacturing plants and one of the largest manufacturers of Seamless Pipes and Tubes, such as OCTG and Line-pipes used for exploitation of petroleums and LNGs.

Sumitomo Metal Industries was the parent company of Sumitomo Sitix until Sumitomo Sitix was merged with Mitsubishi's silicon division to create SUMCO (Sumitomo Mitsubishi). SUMCO is currently the second largest silicon wafer manufacturer.

On October 1, 2012, Nippon Steel formally merged with Sumitomo Metal Industries; the merged stock is listed (under number 5401, the old Sumitomo Metals number 5405 being discontinued) as Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corp.

Kashima Antlers, the famous Japanese football (soccer) club, started as the club of Sumitomo Metal Industries. Founded in 1947 in Osaka, it moved to near the Kashima, Ibaraki plant in 1975.

See also
 Sumitomo Precision Products

References

External links

 Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd.  
 Information about Sumitomo Metal Industries

Steel companies of Japan
Mitsui
Manufacturing companies based in Osaka
Sumitomo Group
Japanese companies established in 1897
2012 mergers and acquisitions
Nippon Steel
Companies formerly listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange
Easy Link Aviation. Easy Link Aviation Services was an airline based in Nigeria.

History
The Nigerian government set a deadline of April 30, 2007 for all airlines operating in the country to re-capitalise or be grounded, in an effort to ensure better services and safety. The airline had since capitalized and is now licensed to operate by the Nigerian Civil Aviation Authority (NCAA) and meet all the  criteria in terms of re-capitalization.

Fleet 

As of August 2006 the Easy Link fleet included:

4 Let L-410 UVP

References 

Defunct airlines of Nigeria
Loening. Loening Aeronautical Engineering Corporation was founded 1917 by Grover Loening and produced early aircraft and amphibious aircraft. After it merged with Keystone Aircraft Corporation in 1928, some of its engineers left to form Grumman and Grover Loening went on to form a new enterprise, Grover Loening Aircraft Company.

History
In 1917, Grover Loening incorporated the Loening Aeronautical Engineering Company in New York City. The company was originally located in Long Island City, Queens. It later moved into a loft on the fifth floor at 351 West 52nd Street in the Hell's Kitchen neighborhood of Manhattan. In 1921, the firm leased a vacant lot at 420-428 East 31st Street in the Kips Bay neighborhood of Manhattan, located on the block between First Avenue and the East River, and built a new factory on the site. The new plant on East 31st Street opened in 1922. The company built a floating ramp for amphibians alongside the pier at the end of 31st Street—which it leased from the city—that enabled aircraft to taxi in and out of the water. Before this, aircraft from the factory were brought out to the pier and had to be hoisted into the East River using a crane.

In 1928, Loening merged with Keystone Aircraft Corporation and functioned independently as the Loening Aeronautical Division. The following year, the unit became the Keystone-Loening Division of Curtiss-Wright. With the planned closure of Loening's factory in New York City and a move of its operations to Keystone's plant in Bristol, Pennsylvania, several of Leoning's employees—including Leroy Grumman, Jake Swirbul and William Schwendler—decided to remain in New York and formed their own company on Long Island, the Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation. In 1929, Grover Loening went on to establish a new firm on Long Island, the Grover Loening Aircraft Company in Garden City, which operated until 1936.

Aircraft

See also
List of military aircraft of the United States

References

External links

Aerofiles.com: Loening
Loening OA-1A at the National Air and Space Museum

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the United States
American companies established in 1917
Manufacturing companies established in 1917
Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1932
1917 establishments in New York (state)
1932 disestablishments in New York (state)
1928 mergers and acquisitions
Defunct manufacturing companies based in New York City
Edward Exley Limited. Edward Exley Limited is a manufacturer of model railway equipment, particularly ready-to-run coaches in 0 gauge and 00 gauge and a one-time major competitor to Hornby and Bassett-Lowke. The company was founded in about 1920 by its namesake in Bradford, Yorkshire, England.

History

Founded at Bradford by Edward Exley about 1920, the products were initially locomotives, in live steam, clockwork and electrically powered, in gauges 0 and 1, which were made to order.  By the 1930s, 0 gauge coaches had joined the range of products, probably Exley's most successful line.  In the later 1930s high quality 00 gauge coaching stock was added to feed a growing market in this new scale. 

By 1952 Edward Exley (Sales) Ltd had moved to Baslow in Derbyshire and Edward Exley had resigned as a Director of the Sales Company in July 1955. 

Locomotives were made available after the war, mainly to order, but in the late 1950s Edward Exley sold the loco construction part of the business to Stanley Beeson, who had made locos for a number of Exley clients.   Coaches were listed until 1962 when there was a terrible fire which destroyed the Bradford premises and most of the tools. At this point Edward Exley decided to retire.

The company at Baslow continued to offer coaches but discontinued the 00 gauge range as the manufacturing facility was lost in the fire.  The 0 gauge models were listed as available until January 1995, but were in fact being made by outside workers to order.

Because of the premium nature of Exley's products, they tend to be well preserved, and many examples survive today. They are highly collectible and good examples of 0 gauge coaches often change hands at auction for hundreds of pounds.

The company is still in existence, although it is not currently trading. Most recently it has acted as a restoration company for existing Exley models and as a point of contact for technical queries.

External links 
 Exley website
 Gauge 0 Guild website
 Exley items for sale on eBay

Model railroad manufacturers
Model manufacturers of the United Kingdom
Keystone–Loening Commuter. The Keystone–Loening K-84 Commuter was a single-engine closed-cabin 4-place biplane amphibious flying boat built by Keystone–Loening. It was powered by a 300 hp Wright Whirlwind engine mounted between the wings with the propeller just ahead of the windscreen. It was first produced in 1929.

This airplane was featured as a model/bank by Texaco, #8 in a series "Wings of Texaco", of historic aircraft used by the company.

Surviving aircraft 

 305 "Kruzof" – K-84 on display at the Golden Wings Flying Museum in Minneapolis, Minnesota.
 313 "The Old Patches" – K-84 on display at the Alaska Aviation Museum, in Anchorage, Alaska.

Specifications

References

Bibliography

External links

 Photo of Keystone-Loening K-84
 "With The Sky Police", January 1932, Popular Mechanics article about the New York City Police Air Force and the Keystone-Loening Commuter in service at that time, photos page 26, 29 and 30.
 Keystone-Loening "Commuter", K-84 – U.S. Civil Aircraft

1920s United States civil utility aircraft
Flying boats
Commuter
Commuter
Amphibious aircraft
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1929
Network Load Balancing Services. Network Load Balancing Services (NLBS) is a Microsoft implementation of clustering and load balancing that is intended to provide high availability and high reliability, as well as high scalability.  NLBS is intended for applications with relatively small data sets that rarely change (one example would be web pages), and do not have long-running in-memory states.  These types of applications are called stateless applications, and typically include Web, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), and virtual private networking (VPN) servers.  Every client request to a stateless application is a separate transaction, so it is possible to distribute the requests among multiple servers to balance the load. 
One attractive feature of NLBS is that all servers in a cluster monitor each other with a heartbeat signal, so there is no single point of failure. 

In its current incarnation in Windows Server 2003, NLBS does not support automatic removal of a failed server from a cluster unless the server is completely offline, or if its NLBS service is stopped. For example, if a web server is returning an error page instead of correct content, it is still perceived as "alive" by NLBS. As such, a monitoring script is typically required on every participating node, which checks the correctness of local web page delivery, and calls the nlb.exe utility to add or remove itself from the cluster as needed.

History
Windows NT Load Balancing Service (WLBS) is a feature of Windows NT that provides load balancing and clustering for applications. WLBS dynamically distributes IP traffic across multiple cluster nodes, and provides automatic failover in the event of node failure. WLBS was replaced by Network Load Balancing Services in Windows 2000.

Auto fail over is also a part in this frame.

Internet Protocol based network software
Microsoft server technology
Load balancing (computing)
Thermo Electron. Thermo Electron Corporation (NYSE: TMO) (incorporated 1956) was a major provider of analytical instruments and services for a variety of domains. It was co-founded in 1956 by George N. Hatsopoulos, an MIT PhD in mechanical engineering, and Peter M. Nomikos, a Harvard Business School graduate, who provided initial funding.

After graduating from Northeastern University in 1959 John Hatsopoulos (brother of George) later joined the company as Financial Controller. Arvin Smith joined the company in 1970, and was President from January 1998.

On May 14, 2006, Thermo and Fisher Scientific announced that they would merge in a tax-free, stock-for-stock exchange. The merged company became Thermo Fisher Scientific.  On November 9, 2006, the companies announced that the merger had been completed.  However, the Federal Trade Commission ruled that this acquisition was anticompetitive with regard to centrifugal evaporators, requiring Fisher to divest Genevac. In April 2007, Genevac was sold to Riverlake Partners LLC and the merger closed with FTC approval.

In 2011, the aggregated company Thermo Fisher Scientific had revenues of over $11 billion, and employed 37,000 people.

Products 
 Zetatron, a high-voltage neutron generating vacuum tube

References

External links 
 Official website (25 June 2006 snapshot from Internet Archive)

Thermo Fisher Scientific
Defunct electronics companies of the United States
Research support companies
Defunct manufacturing companies based in Massachusetts
Electronics companies established in 1956
Technology companies established in 1956
Technology companies disestablished in 2006
1959 establishments in Massachusetts
2006 disestablishments in Massachusetts
2006 mergers and acquisitions