omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Siemens-Halske Sh 13. The Siemens-Halske Sh 13 was a five-cylinder air-cooled radial engine for aircraft produced in Germany in the 1920s and 1930s. First run in 1928, it was rated at 60 kW (80 hp).

Applications
 Albatros L 82
 Focke-Wulf S 24
 Junkers A 50

Specifications (Sh 13a)

See also

References

External links

 Description of Siemens-Halske radial engines (German language) - bungartz.nl

Siemens-Halske aircraft engines
1920s aircraft piston engines
Aircraft air-cooled radial piston engines
Siemens-Halske Sh 14. The Siemens-Halske Sh 14 was a seven-cylinder air-cooled radial engine for aircraft produced in Germany in the 1920s and 1930s. First run in 1928, it was rated at 93 kW (125 hp). It was briefly distributed in the United States by Ryan Aeronautical as the Yankee 7.

Applications 
 Albatros L 82
 Ambrosini SAI.3 
 Ambrosini SAI.10
 BFW M.23
 BFW M.29
 BFW M.35
 Blohm & Voss Ha 135
 Bücker Bü 133C Jungmeister
 Command-Aire 3C3-BT
 Doblhoff WNF 342
 Flettner Fl 185
 Flettner Fl 265
 Flettner Fl 282
 Focke-Wulf C.20
 Focke-Wulf C.30 Heuschrecke
 Focke-Wulf Fw 44
 Focke-Wulf Fw 61
 Heinkel He 72
 I.Ae. 23
 LWD Szpak
 LWD Zuch
 Nuri Demirağ Nu D.38 
 Prudden XM-1
 Prudden TM-1
 RWD-17W
 Rogozarski SIM-VIII
 Rogozarski SIM-XI
 SIM-II
 VL Viima

Specifications (Bramo Sh 14A-4)

See also
 Continental R-670
 Jacobs R-755
 Warner Scarab

References

 Becker, E. Siemens Jahrbuch 1928: Flugzeugmotoren der Siemens & Halske AG, reproduced on bungartz.nl
 http://www.oldengine.org/members/diesel/Duxford/germaer1.htm

Aircraft air-cooled radial piston engines
Siemens-Halske aircraft engines
1920s aircraft piston engines
Albatros L 100. 

The Albatros L 100 was a light aircraft built in Germany to compete in the Europarundflug  air race. It was a low-wing braced monoplane of conventional taildragger configuration.

Specifications (L 100)

References

 
 German Aircraft between 1919-1945

Racing aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
1930s German sport aircraft
L 100
Aircraft first flown in 1930
Argus As 8. The Argus As 8 was a four-cylinder, air-cooled, inverted inline aircraft engine produced in Germany by Argus Motoren in the 1930s.

Variants
As 8AInitial production version  maximum for 5 minutes,  continuous.
As 8BA more powerful variant developing  maximum for 5 minutes,  continuous.
As 8RA variant produced for sport aircraft, particularly for competition use, developing  for take-off. Featuring:
Increased compression ratio, from 5.36 to 5.8
Improved cooling by increasing the numbers of cooling fins at the cylinder head and the cylinder body
Increasing the heat dispersing area of the pistons
Improved crankcase and oil cooling
Improved cylinder charging
Modified valve timing

Applications
Albatros L 100
Albatros Al 101
Arado L II (As 8A)
Arado L IIa (As 8R)
Baumgärtl Heliofly III
BFW M.23
BFW M.27
BFW M.29
BFW M.35
Blohm & Voss Ha 136
Comte AC-12 Moskito
Darmstadt D-22
DFS 40
Focke-Wulf Fw 44
Heinkel He 64
Heinkel He 72
Klemm L 25E
Klemm Kl 32
Raab-Katzenstein RK.25/32
Ruhrtaler Ru.3

Specifications (As 8B)

See also

References

Further reading

External links

 Das Virtuelle Luftfahrtmuseum

Air-cooled aircraft piston engines
Argus aircraft engines
1930s aircraft piston engines
Inverted aircraft piston engines
Albatros Al 101. The Albatros Al 101 was a 1930s German trainer aircraft. It was a parasol-wing monoplane of conventional configuration, and seated the pilot and instructor in separate, open cockpits.

Variants
 L 101 
 L 101W – two examples built as floatplanes
 L 101C
 L 101D

Specifications (Al 101D)

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links

 German Aviation 1919-1945

Parasol-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
1930s German civil trainer aircraft
Al 101
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
Hematine. Hematine (also magnetic hematite, hemalyke or hemalike) is an artificial magnetic material. Hematine is widely used in jewelry. 

Although it is claimed by many that it is made from ground hematite or iron oxide mixed with a resin, analysis (of one object) has demonstrated it to be an entirely artificial compound, a barium-strontium ferrite.

References

Synthetic minerals
Iron compounds
Diamond chair. The Diamond Chair is a chair designed by Harry Bertoia in 1952.

Diamond chair is made with welded steel with rods in polished or satin chrome, or bonded rilsan, a very durable adhesive-fused nylon-dipped finish. Scratch, chip, and chemical resistant. All wire seating includes glides. Cushions are secured to chair with lock-snaps. Full covers are stretched over the wire seat basket and attach to seat basket with hooks.

Bertoia said about the chairs: "They are mainly made of air, like sculpture. Space passes right through them."

Bibliography 

Chairs
Individual models of furniture
Robotoid. A robotic android, also known simply as a robot android, robotic droid, robot droid, robotoid, robodroid or roboid, is an artificial lifeform that is created through processes that are different from cloning or synthetics. In short, it is the cybernetic equivalent of an android.

Perhaps the first mention of "robotoid" was in the Lost in Space episode War of the Robots which originally aired on February 9, 1966 and credits Robby the Robot as a robotoid and William Bramley and Ollie O'Toole as uncredited "robotoid voice" actors. In the episode, the Lost in Space robot says: "It is more than a machine...it is a robotoid." The robot goes on to explain that as a robot, it is constrained by its programming, whereas the robotoid has the capability of making a choice. The episode is described as: "The family's robot is seemingly replaced when Will repairs a robotoid from an advanced civilization - until the new machine wreaks havoc by trying to take over the ship."

Piers Anthony's short story Getting Through University, which may have been published as early as 1967/1968 in the science fiction magazine Worlds of If, mentions a robotoid.

In April 1968, Marvel Comics released Avengers #51 which introduced the Robotoid.

On December 20, 1978, the Battle of the Planets TV series episode Rage of the Robotoids was released.

See also
Mind uploading
Rage of the Robotoids: Battle of the Planets anime episode
Lost in Space
Reptoid

References

External links
NESARA: History and Purpose of CLONES and CLONING - PART 2: The SCIENTISTS REPORT: THE CLONING OF MAN, OR I WONDER WHO’S KISSINGER NOW?, Calvin Burgin, February 12, 1997, Phoenix Journal #197, chapter 14

Science and technology-related conspiracy theories
Robotics concepts
Dystopian literature
Albatros W.5. The Albatros W.5 was a floatplane torpedo bomber used by Germany during World War I. It was a biplane with twin pusher engines.

Operators

Imperial German Navy

Specifications (W.5)

See also

References

Bibliography

 

W.5
1910s German bomber aircraft
Floatplanes
Twin-engined pusher aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1917
Benz Bz.II. The Benz Bz.II (manufacturer's designation Benz Type FD) was a six-cylinder, water-cooled, inline engine developed in Germany for use in aircraft in 1913.
With a displacement of  it developed about .
It had cast-iron cylinders with sheet metal cooling jackets welded to them. The two overhead valves per cylinder were operated via pushrods and rocker arms by a single camshaft embedded in the engine block on the right-hand side.

Applications
 Albatros W.5
 Hansa-Brandenburg B.I

Specifications

References

Bibliography

1910s aircraft piston engines
Mohamed Hashish. Mohamed Hashish (born May 22, 1947) is an Egyptian-born research scientist best known as the father of the abrasive water jet cutter.

Youth and schooling 
Mohamed Hashish was born in Alexandria, Egypt to Ahmed Hashish and Zeinab Amin. Mohamed Hashish completed his elementary and high school education in Kafr El Dawwar.  He subsequently attended the Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University where he obtained a B.Sc. in mechanical engineering with honors.  After serving as a teaching assistant for three years in the same department, 25-year-old Mohamed Hashish accepted a scholarship offer from Concordia University in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. There, Mohamed earned his PhD in mechanical engineering.  His thesis was on the theory of waterjet cutting.

Flow International 
Hashish joined Flow Research Inc., now Flow International Corporation in Kent, Washington, U.S., as a research scientist, in early 1979.  Although Flow was involved in waterjet cutting, mainly for mining and limited factory applications, it wasn't until Hashish invented a new technique to add abrasives to the waterjet that the strongest cutting tool in the world was realized. This new technology revolutionized the waterjet technology and spread its use in over 50 industries worldwide. Hashish supplemented his initial invention with over 40 patents  to date to further improve and enhance the performance of waterjet cutting systems.  
Due to his outstanding work in the field and consistent advancements to the abrasive waterjet technology, the University of Washington department of Mechanical Engineering honored him with the appointment as an affiliate professor of Mechanical Engineering. Hashish is also honored with the first technology award from the Water Jet Technology Association (WJTA), the pioneer award, and the service award from the same association.

Personal life 
Mohamed was married in 1979 to Nadia Afifi, Doctor of Dental Surgery.  Mohamed and Nadia have two children, Ameer and Rami Hashish. In his spare time, Hashish enjoys landscape architecture, skiing, fishing and travelling.

References

20th-century Egyptian engineers
21st-century Egyptian engineers
1947 births
Alexandria University alumni
Concordia University alumni
Egyptian emigrants to the United States
Egyptian mechanical engineers
Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University alumni
Living people
University of Washington faculty
Battery isolator. A battery isolator is an electrical device that divides direct current (DC) into multiple branches and only allows current in one direction in each branch.  The primary benefit of such an arrangement is the ability to simultaneously charge more than one battery from a single power source (e.g., an alternator) without connecting the battery terminals together in parallel.

Advantages and disadvantages
This is beneficial because a weak or dead battery will drain the charge from a strong battery if both are connected directly together.  The disadvantage to an isolator is added cost and complexity, and if a diode-type isolator is used (which is very common) there is additional voltage drop in the circuit between the charging source and the batteries.

Uses
Battery isolators are commonly used on recreational vehicles, boats, utility vehicles, airplanes, and large trucks where one battery is dedicated to starting and running the engine and another battery or batteries run accessory loads (e.g., winches, radar, instruments, etc.).  A battery isolator helps to ensure that the starting battery has sufficient power to start the engine and recharge the batteries if, for example, loads on the auxiliary battery (e.g., refrigerator or navigation lights) cause it to be drained, or if an auxiliary battery fails.  Isolators are also used in vehicles with large, high-power car stereos and off road vehicles to accommodate high current loads such as a recovery winch.

Components
Several technologies have been used to achieve control of DC in this manner: silicon rectifier packages, Schottky rectifier packages, MOSFET rectifier packages, and conventional mechanical relays.

References

Switches
VIPeR. VIPeR is a military robot developed by the Israeli company Elbit Systems bases on the technology and with cooperation of Galileo Mobilty Ltd. and intended for use in warfare. It was unveiled in March, 2007.

Testing 

At the Modern Day Marine Conference in Quantico, VA, Elbit Systems of America showcased the capabilities of the VIPeR Robot on the Ground Robotics Obstacle Course. This course was specifically designed to push the limits and demonstrate the field capabilities of various robots in simulated battle conditions. The course comprised various terrains, including deep sand, small gravel, areas strewn with brush and debris, and speed bumps. Each participating robot was required to navigate these diverse surfaces, in addition to climbing stairs and maneuvering through a tunnel. Out of the eight robots tested, the VIPeR stood out as one of the most efficient.

Features 

The VIPeR robot, designed for enhanced mobility in challenging environments, employs a unique pair of wheel/track systems known as the Galileo Wheel system. This technology was invented by Avishay Novoplanski, and patented by Galileo Mobility Instrument of Israel, allows the wheels to change shape to adapt to various terrains. Additionally, VIPeR features a tail for balance, enabling it to climb stairs and recover from overturns. This capability makes it highly versatile in urban settings, capable of navigating stairs, rubble, dark alleys, caves, and narrow tunnels. As a result, VIPeR serves as a valuable asset for dismounted soldiers by detecting IEDs, booby traps, and alerting them to potential threats.

A notable aspect of VIPeR is its compact design, allowing it to be portable and easily carried by a single person in a backpack along with all necessary gear. Elbit Systems, the manufacturer, has engineered the VIPeR to be lightweight, weighing approximately 11 kg.

VIPeR's small signature enable it to be equipped with various weapons and tools. It is remotely operated through a control harness and a helmet-mounted display. The robot's optional payloads include Pan & Tilt (P&T) cameras, Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR), day/night observation cameras with zoom capabilities, an explosives sniffer, a disrupter, a 9 mm mini-Uzi with a scope and pointer, a grenade releaser, a 4-foot robotic arm, a gripper, and technology for in-building mapping, among other features.

The current operational plan for VIPeR includes deployment with special forces and regular infantry units in high-risk scenarios, such as exploring caves and tunnels, where the safety of human soldiers is a primary concern. Unlike autonomous robots, VIPeR is controlled remotely, relying on human guidance for its operations.

External links 
 Press release
 Defence Talk 
 Test information
 Details about the Galileo Wheel (briefly shows the VIPeR)

Military equipment of Israel
Unmanned ground combat vehicles
Robots of Israel
2007 robots
Two-wheeled robots
Tracked robots
Israeli inventions
The Oxford College of Engineering. The Oxford College of Engineering is a college in Bangalore, India, under the VTU Visvesvaraya Technological University recognized by the Government of Karnataka and approved by the All India Council of Technical Education (AICTE), New Delhi (Accredited by NBA and NAAC ) recognized by University Grants Commission UGC.

About
Founded in 1974 by Sri S Narasa Raju, the Oxford Educational Institutions is the brain child of the Children's Education Society. The college is set in a 10.5 acres campus and is situated in Bommanahalli, Bengaluru along National Highway N.H. 7. The main Oxford institution is located J.P. Nagar, Bangalore, India.

Departments and courses
The institution has four year undergraduate courses in Architecture, Biotechnology, Civil Engineering, Computer Science And Engineering, Electronics and Communication Engineering, Electrical And Electronics Engineering, Information Science Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Construction Technology & Management, Automobile Engineering, Mechatronics Engineering

These departments offer three postgraduate courses in Master of Computer Applications(MCA), and Digital Communication and Networking

College Festivals
Milana- Annual Intra Collegiate Cultural festival conducted during even semesters.

Impulse-Techno Cultural fest organized by the Department of CSE.

Oxytech-Techno cultural fest organized by the Department of MCA.It was however conducted jointly by the Departments of MCA and ISE for the 2015 edition named "OXYTECH-2K15".

Clubs and Activities
The Department of CSE runs the activities of the club "TOGGLE". The Oxford Group Of GNU Linux Enthusiasts(TOGGLE) aims at introducing students into open source technologies.

External links
 The Oxford Institutions
 The Oxford College of Engineering
 Unofficial college forum

All India Council for Technical Education
Affiliates of Visvesvaraya Technological University
Engineering colleges in Bengaluru
Educational institutions established in 1974
1974 establishments in Karnataka
LNER Class Y1. The LNER Class Y1 was a class of 0-4-0 geared steam locomotives built by Sentinel Waggon Works for the London and North Eastern Railway and introduced in 1925.  They passed into British Railways ownership in 1948 and were numbered 68130-68153  but 68134 was withdrawn almost immediately and may not have carried its BR number.

Power unit

The superheated vertical water-tube boiler and the engine were similar to those used in Sentinel steam wagons.  There were variations within the class as regards boiler size and fuel capacity and these were denoted by sub-classes Y1/1 to Y1/4.

The engines had poppet valves and reversing was by sliding camshaft.  The advantage of the water-tube boiler was that steam could be raised much more quickly than with a conventional fire-tube boiler.

Transmission
Final drive to the wheels was by sprocket chain.  Some engines had a gear ratio of 11:25 and some 9:25.  Tractive effort was:
 Ratio 11:25, 7,260 lbf (68130-68142 and 68152-68153)
 Ratio 9:25, 8,870 lbf (68143-68151)

Sub-classes
 Y1/1, 68130-68135 and 68152 (total 7) 
 Y1/2, 68137, 68138, 68140-68151, 68153 (total 15) 
 Y1/3, 68139 (total 1) 
 Y1/4, 68136 (total 1) 

There is disagreement between sources.  According to LNER Encyclopedia  there were six Y1/1s and sixteen Y1/2s.

Preservation

 Class Y1 number 68153 is preserved on the Middleton Railway.

References

External links
 Middleton Railway Stock List Sentinel

Sentinel locomotives
Y01
0-4-0T locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1925
Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain

Shunting locomotives
LNER Class Y3. The LNER Class Y3 was a class of 0-4-0 geared steam locomotives built by Sentinel Waggon Works for the London and North Eastern Railway and introduced in 1927. They passed into British Railways ownership in 1948 and were numbered 68154-68185. At least one was based at Immingham in 1950.

Power unit 
The superheated vertical water-tube boiler and the engine were similar to those used in Sentinel steam wagons. The engines had poppet valves and reversing was by sliding camshaft. The advantage of the water-tube boiler was that steam could be raised much more quickly than with a conventional fire-tube boiler.

Transmission
Final drive to the wheels was by sprocket chain. Some locomotives had a sprocket gear ratio of 19:19 and others 15:19. In addition, there was a two-speed gearbox but gears could only be changed while the locomotive was stationary. Tractive effort was:
 Ratio 19:19, Low gear , High gear  (68154-68179 and 68184-68185)
 Ratio 15:19, Low gear , High gear  (68180-68183)

References

Sources

External links
 LNER encyclopedia

Sentinel locomotives
Y03
0-4-0T locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1927
Scrapped locomotives
Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain
Shunting locomotives
Sherlock (video game). Sherlock is a 1984 text adventure developed under the lead of Philip Mitchell by Beam Software. It was published by Melbourne House. Five programmers worked for 18 months on the title and a Sherlock Holmes expert was employed full-time for a year to advise the team on accuracy.

Technically, the adventure builds upon the 1982 title The Hobbit. Autonomous NPCs and realtime gameplay, two sophisticated features of The Hobbit, are present in Sherlock - as is Inglish, the parser responsible for analyzing the player's commands. The game simulated 'real time'; trains ran to a time table and key plot events began at exactly specified moments. There was also an attempt to move beyond 'instructional' communication with characters (in which non-player characters are told or asked to complete actions the player does not wish to or is unable to complete) to 'dialogic' communication in which characters could be questioned, challenged and persuaded with evidence. The latter was an early attempt to simulate changing states of consciousness within an interactive narrative.

Plot
A double murder has been committed in the town of Leatherhead and Dr. Watson has encouraged the player, who plays Holmes, to investigate. Inspector Lestrade is also investigating.

Bugs
The game is notorious for a large number of surreal and amusing bugs due to the complex potential interactions between characters. For example:
 Policemen can still talk, and obstruct Holmes, while unconscious.
 Hansom cab drivers can blame Holmes for anyone who fails to pay their fare anywhere on the map, can be used to force improper objects (such as trains) to appear inside cabs, and can be confused into driving the player into a null location which is used as the store for nouns, allowing Holmes to pick up items such as "innocent", "your alibi" and "an opium den".
 Inspector Lestrade normally arrests the wrong man early in the game, causing a Game Over unless Holmes has shown the man's innocence; however, Holmes can also wait for Lestrade to get in a cab, then tell his cabbie from outside to drive to a random location, causing Lestrade to freeze because he doesn't know what to do there.
 Watson is described as "the only character with a memory", but if the player allows Watson to see too many events happening, his memory overflows the available RAM of the system and the game crashes.

References

External links 
 
 Images of Sherlock package, manual and screen shots
 Emulator which shows what's going on 'behind the scene' in the ZX Spectrum version
 

1980s interactive fiction
1984 video games
Commodore 64 games
Detective video games
Interactive fiction based on works
Single-player video games
Video games based on Sherlock Holmes
Video games developed in Australia
Video games set in Surrey
ZX Spectrum games
Somatotopic arrangement. Somatotopy is the point-for-point correspondence of an area of the body to a specific point on the central nervous system. Typically, the area of the body corresponds to a point on the primary somatosensory cortex (postcentral gyrus). This cortex is typically represented as a sensory homunculus which orients the specific body parts and their respective locations upon the homunculus. Areas such as the appendages, digits, penis, and face can draw their sensory locations upon the somatosensory cortex. The areas which are finely controlled (e.g., the digits) have larger portions of the somatosensory cortex whereas areas which are coarsely controlled (e.g., the trunk) have smaller portions. Areas such as the viscera do not have sensory locations on the postcentral gyrus.

Macaques, a kind of monkey, already exhibit somatotopy in their somatosensory and motor systems at birth.

Sensorimotor mapping of the human cerebellum

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was employed to determine areas of activation in the cerebellar cortex in humans during a series of motor tasks. The activation areas for movements of lips, tongue, hands, and feet were determined and found to be sharply confined to lobules and sublobules and their sagittal zones in the rostral and caudal spinocerebellar cortex. The activation mapped as two distinct homunculoid representations. One, a more extended representation, was located upside down in the superior cerebellum, and a second one, doubled and smaller, in the inferior cerebellum.

See also

Retinotopy
Topographic map (neuroanatomy)
Cortical homunculus
 Somatosensory system
 Motor system

Footnotes

References

Central nervous system