omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Linux Technology Center. The IBM Linux Technology Center (LTC) is an organization focused on development for the Linux kernel and related open-source software projects. In 1999, IBM created the LTC to combine its software developers interested in Linux and other open-source software into a single organization. Much of the LTC's early effort was focused on making "all of its server platforms Linux friendly." The LTC collaborated with the Linux community to make Linux run optimally on processor architectures such as x86, mainframe, PowerPC, and Power ISA. In recent years, the focus of the LTC has expanded to include several other open source initiatives.

With about 185 IBM employees working for the LTC in 1999, this number grew steadily to about 600 in 2006, 300 of whom worked full-time on Linux.
In December 2000, IBM claimed to have invested approximately one billion US dollars in Linux by the year 2000, and to currently have about 1,500 developers working on the alternative operating system. It announced that it would invest a similar amount in 2001 and also build the largest Linux-based supercomputer for Royal Dutch/Shell Oil. While most of the money was invested in Linux development, some of it went into others, mainly AIX. The following year, senior vice president Bill Zeitler claimed to have recouped most of this spending in the first year through the sale of software and systems.

Details
Developers in the LTC contribute to various open-source projects such as:
 Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) on x86 and Power systems, including Kimchi
 Apache Hadoop
 OpenStack
 OpenPOWER Foundation
 GNU toolchain
 Open source standards

LTC is a worldwide team with main locations in Australia, Brazil, China, Germany, India, Israel, and the United States.

References

External links
 
 Joe Barr, 2001: Inside IBM's Linux Technology Center

IBM
Linux organizations
Albatros G.III. The Albatros G.III (company L.21), was a German bomber aircraft development of World War I. It was a large, single-bay biplane of unequal span and unstaggered wings. Power was provided by two Benz Bz.IVa pusher engines installed in nacelles carried between the wings. An unusual feature of the design was that the lower wing was provided with cutouts for the propellers, allowing the engine nacelles to be mounted further forward than would have been otherwise possible. Few were built, these seeing service mostly on the Macedonian Front in 1917.

Operators

Luftstreitkräfte

Specifications (G.III)

References

Bibliography

 

 

G.III
1910s German bomber aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1916
Senelec. Senelec (Société nationale d'électricité du Sénégal) is the national electricity company of Senegal.

History
Senelec was established in 1983 after the nationalization and merging of Électricité du Sénégal and Société sénégalaise de distribution d'électricité.  In 1998, the Agency for Rural Electrification (ASER) and the Electricity Regulatory Board were split from Senelec and the company was put up for privatization.  In 1999, the consortium of Hydro-Québec and Elyo (Suez Lyonnaise des Eaux) bought 34% of Senelec's shares. The deal was annulled by President Abdoulaye Wade in March 2000, and Hydro-Québec and Elyo withdrew from Senegal in January 2001.

The company represents Senegal in the West African Power Pool.

Operations
Senelec has a production capacity of 632.9 MW, 90 MW of which comes from the Manantali Hydroelectric Power Plant in Mali; however, the electricity output is only 519.4 MW due to aging and faulty equipment.  The company has 2,500 employees and 645,000 customers.

In 2006, Senelec got 88 billion CFA francs (US$185 million) of subsidies and its arrears alone amount to 1.5% of GDP.

Senelec planned a new coal-fired power station 35 km SE of Dakar, the Sendou power station, with a net capacity of 115 MW. This proposed coal-fired power plant was cancelled on December 12, 2019, as a result of the government's desire  to comply with commitments made at COP21, known as the Paris Agreement, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The power plant will instead run on natural gas.

See also
 Energy in Senegal

References

External links
 Company website 

Electric power companies of Senegal
École Spéciale des Travaux Publics. École Spéciale des Travaux Publics, du bâtiment et de l'industrie (ESTP) is a French engineering school and  grande école located in Cachan.

History

ESTP was founded in 1891 by Léon Eyrolles and was officially recognized by the State in 1921. It is a general engineering school recognized for leading French higher education in the fields of construction and project management. ESTP Paris is the most prestigious Civil Engineering school in France.
It has trained a total of 24,000 engineers and 7,000 construction site managers.
The school has also educated since 1891 site managers in building and public works in an undergraduate program.
In 1999 the school formed a partnership with Arts et Métiers ParisTech to offer a double-degree program. It offers a multitude of doube-degree programs with various universities around the world.

Courses

The institution offers courses in building engineering, civil engineering, topography, surveying, electrical engineering granting diplomas and degrees for two- and three-year courses. The college was partly located on Boulevard Saint-Germain, in what has since become New York University's Paris campus, but entirely moved to Cachan, in the southern suburbs of Paris.
The college is open to English-speakers who want to study engineering in conjunction with French.

Alumni
Notable alumni include:

Patrick Bernasconi (born 1955), French business executive
Dominique Cerutti (born 1961), French businessman
Marcel Deviq (1907–1972), French engineer, businessman, and politician
Léon Eyrolles (1861–1945), French politician and entrepreneur, founder of the first ESTP
Menachem Mendel Schneerson (1902–1994), last rebbe of the Lubavitch Hasidic dynasty, philosopher, theologian, engineer, educator and writer
Moshé Feldenkrais (1904–84), Israeli engineer 
Marc de Garidel, French businessman
Nicolas Grunitzky (1913–69), second president of Togo 
Roger Guérillot (1904–71), French colonist of Ubangi-Shari
Ginette Hamelin (4 March 1913 – 14 October 1944), French engineer and architect; member of the French resistance; killed in a concentration camp
Saad Hassar (born 1953), Moroccan politician
Bruno Itoua (born 1956), Congolese politician
Harold Martin (born 1954), New Caledonian politician
Guillaume Sarkozy, French entrepreneur 
Jeanne Scelles-Millie (1900–93), French architectural engineer and author
Gilles Tonelli (born 1957), Monegasque engineer, diplomat and politician

External links

 ESTP Website 
 ESTP Website 
  Former site manager students website 

Engineering universities and colleges in France
Educational institutions established in 1891
1891 establishments in France
Trirhenium nonachloride. Trirhenium nonachloride is a compound with the formula ReCl3, sometimes also written Re3Cl9.  It is a dark red hygroscopic solid that is insoluble in ordinary solvents.  The compound is important in the history of inorganic chemistry as an early example of a cluster compound with metal-metal bonds.  It is used as a starting material for synthesis of other rhenium complexes.

Structure and physical properties
As shown by X-ray crystallography trirhenium nonachloride consists of Re3Cl12 subunits that share three chloride bridges with adjacent clusters. The interconnected network of clusters forms sheets.  Around each Re center are seven ligands, four bridging chlorides, one terminal chloride, and two Re-Re bonds.

The hydrate is molecular with the formula Re3Cl9(H2O)3.

The heat of oxidation is evaluated according to the equation:
1/3 Re3Cl9  +  4 OH−  +  2 OCl−   →   ReO4−  +  2 H2O + 5Cl−
The enthalpy for this process is 190.7 ± 0.2 kcal/mol.

Preparation and reactions
The compound was discovered in 1932. Trirhenium nonachloride is efficiently prepared by thermal decomposition of rhenium pentachloride or hexachlororhenic(IV) acid:
3 ReCl5   →   Re3Cl9  +  3 Cl2

If the sample is vacuum sublimed at 500 °C, the resulting material is comparatively unreactive.  The partially hydrated material such as  can be more useful synthetically. Other synthetic methods include treating rhenium with sulfuryl chloride.  This process is sometimes conducted with the addition of aluminium chloride. It is also obtained by heating Re2(O2CCH3)4Cl2 under HCl:
3/2 Re2(O2CCH3)4Cl2  +  6 HCl   →   Re3Cl9  +  6 HO2CCH3

Reaction of the tri- and pentachlorides gives rhenium tetrachloride:
3 ReCl5 + Re3Cl9  →   6 ReCl4

References

Rhenium compounds
Chlorides
Metal halides
Substances discovered in the 1930s
Institute of Acoustics (United Kingdom). The Institute of Acoustics (IOA) is a British professional engineering institution founded in 1974.  It is licensed by the Engineering Council UK to assess candidates for inclusion on ECUK's Register of professional Engineers.  The institute's address is Silbury Court, 406 Silbury Boulevard, Milton Keynes MK9 2AF, United Kingdom.  The current president of the IOA is Alistair Somerville.  Past presidents include Barry Gibbs, John Hinton OBE, Colin English, David Weston, Tony Jones, Professor Trevor Cox, William Egan, Professor Bridget Shield, and Jo Webb.

History
In 1963 a Society of Acoustic Technology was formed in the UK for those interested in this subject: the President was Elfyn Richards.  Because of the interest in establishing a professional body, meetings were held with various societies and institutions, and in 1965 a British Acoustical Society was set up, absorbing the earlier society.
In 1974 the British Acoustical Society amalgamated with the Acoustics Group of the Institute of Physics to form the Institute of Acoustics.

Specialist groups 
 Building acoustics
 Electroacoustics
 Environmental noise
 Measurement and instrumentation
 Musical acoustics
 Noise and vibration engineering
 Physical acoustics
 Speech and hearing
 Underwater acoustics

Medals and awards 
The following prizes are awarded by the Institute
 Rayleigh Medal
 Tyndall Medal
 A B Wood Medal
 R W B Stephens Medal
 IOA Engineering Medal
 Honorary fellowship
 Peter Barnett Memorial Award
 The Award for Promoting Acoustics to the Public
 Award for Services to the Institute
 IOA Young Persons' Award for Innovation in Acoustical Engineering
 IOA Prize for best diploma student
 ANC prize for the best diploma project
 ANC prize for the best paper at an IOA conference

See also 
 Chartered engineer
 Incorporated engineer
 The Association of Noise Consultants

References

External links 
 Institute of Acoustics

1974 establishments in the United Kingdom
Acoustics
ECUK Licensed Members
Engineering societies based in the United Kingdom
Organisations based in Hertfordshire
Organisations based in Milton Keynes
Science and technology in Hertfordshire
Scientific organizations established in 1974
Institution of Agricultural Engineers. The Institution of Agricultural Engineers (IAgrE) is a British professional engineering institution founded in 1938.  It is licensed by the Engineering Council to assess candidates for inclusion on its Register of professional Engineers and Technicians.

Function
The IAgrE is the professional body for engineers, scientists, technologists and managers in agricultural and allied landbased industries, including forestry, food engineering and technology, amenity, renewable energy, horticulture and the environment.

As a founding Constituent Body (CB) of the Society for the Environment, IAgrE also assesses suitably qualified and experienced candidates for registration as Chartered Environmentalists (CEnv).

See also 
 Chartered Engineer
 Chartered Environmentalist
 Incorporated Engineer
 Engineering Technician

IAgrE also runs two technician accreditation schemes for the sector:
 Landbased Technician Accreditation (LTA) scheme for field equipment (on behalf of the Agricultural Engineers Association) (AEA)
 Landbased Technician Accreditation Scheme (LTAMEA) for the Milking Equipment Association (MEA)

External links 
 Institution of Agricultural Engineers

Engineering societies based in the United Kingdom
ECUK Licensed Members
Agricultural engineers
Organisations based in Bedfordshire
Organizations established in 1938
Agricultural organisations based in England
Institute of Cast Metals Engineers. The Institute of Cast Metals Engineers (ICME), originally the British Foundrymen's Association is a British professional engineering institution founded in 1904.  It publishes the Foundry Trade Journal, which was established in 1902.

History
It was founded as the British Foundrymen's Association in 1904. It was given a Royal Charter on 25 November 1921 and became the Institute of British Foundrymen. On 11 October 2000, it changed its name to the Institute of Cast Metals Engineers.

Structure
It is licensed by the Engineering Council to assess candidates for inclusion on its Register of professional Engineers and Technicians.  The Institute's address is ICME Metalforming Centre, 47 Birmingham Road, West Bromwich, West Midlands, B70 6PY, United Kingdom.

See also 
 Chartered engineer
 Incorporated engineer
 Engineering technician

External links 
 Institute of Cast Metals Engineers

Engineering societies based in the United Kingdom
ECUK Licensed Members
Organizations established in 1904
Organisations based in the West Midlands (county)
Casting (manufacturing)
Society of Environmental Engineers. The Society of Environmental Engineers (SEE) was a British professional engineering institution founded in 1959, which ceased operations in 2019.  It was licensed by the Engineering Council UK to assess candidates for inclusion on ECUK's Register of Professional Engineers and Technicians at CEng, IEng and Eng Tech levels. It was also licensed by the Society for the Environment (SocEnv) to assess candidates for CEnv. The Society's Membership Journal "Environmental Engineering" was published six times a year by the Society's partner Concorde Publishing Ltd, along with the journal's digital and online editions. Members also received other technology focused supplements including Test House Directory. Members of SEE were invited to transfer membership to the Society of Operations Engineers, free of charge, in 2019.

Sir Reginald Harland was president of the society from 1974 to 1977.

See also 
 Chartered engineer
 Incorporated engineer
 Engineering technician

References

External links 
 Society of Environmental Engineers
 Environmental Engineering online journal

ECUK Licensed Members
Engineering societies based in the United Kingdom
Organisations based in Hertfordshire
Science and technology in Hertfordshire
Fellows of the Society of Environmental Engineers
Institute of Healthcare Engineering and Estate Management. The Institute of Healthcare Engineering and Estate Management (IHEEM) is the UK's largest specialist Institute for the Healthcare Estates Sector; devoted to developing careers, provision of education and training and registering engineers as Eng Tech, IEng and CEng.

History
The institute was founded in 1943 and was originally named the Institute of Hospital Engineers; the Society of X-Ray Technology had merged with this in 1990.

Structure
It is headquartered in the Cumberland Business Centre in Portsmouth, on the A2030.

IHEEM:
 is a not-for-profit company. Their primary purpose, as a professional development organisation, is to keep members up to date with developing technology and changing regulations within the industry
 is independent of government, the NHS and commercial interests and protects its impartiality and objectivity.

IHEEM's members comply with a Code of Professional Conduct that places a personal obligation to uphold the dignity and reputation of the profession and to safeguard public interest; each member undertakes to exercise all reasonable professional skill and care and to discharge this responsibility with integrity.

The Institute counts among its members employees of both public and private healthcare providers, engineering and consultancy firms and practices. Increasingly members come from a non-engineering background, many with Facilities Management experience.

See also 
 Chartered engineer
 Incorporated engineer
 Engineering technician

References

External links 
 Institute of Healthcare Engineering and Estate Management

1943 establishments in the United Kingdom
ECUK Licensed Members
Engineering societies based in the United Kingdom
Medical physics organizations
Organisations based in Portsmouth
Science and technology in Hampshire
Medical and health organisations based in the United Kingdom
List of Lockheed Constellation operators. The Lockheed Constellation was used by dozens of airlines and militaries around the world. In military service, the Navy/Air Force EC-121 Warning Star variant remained operational until 1978, nearly 40 years after work on the L-049 began.

♠ Original operators

Commercial
Lockheed built 856 planes. Civilian airlines that operated the Constellation included:

 Aerolíneas Carreras
 Aerotransportes Entre Ríos - AER
 Trans Atlántica Argentina
 Transcontinental ♠

 Qantas ♠

 Aero Transport

 Sabena

 Panair do Brasil
 Real Transportes Aéreos ♠
 Varig ♠

 Nordair ♠
 Trans Canada Airlines ♠ (Now Air Canada)

 Air Ceylon

 Transportes Aéreos Squella
 (Taiwan)
 China Airlines

 Avianca ♠
 LANZA

 Cubana de Aviación ♠

 Aerolineas Mundo S.A.-AMSA
 Aerotours Dominicana
 Aerovías Quisqueyana

 Air France ♠ 
 CATAIR - Compagnie d'Affretements et de Transports Aeriens

 Lufthansa ♠

 Air Haiti International

 Air India ♠

 Aer Lingus ♠
 
 El Al ♠

 Air Afrique

 Korean National Airlines (Now Korean Air)

 Luxair

 Aeronaves de México (Now Aeromexico)
 Aerovias Guest ♠

 Royal Air Maroc

 KLM ♠

 Pakistan International Airlines

 AFISA - Aero Fletes Internacionales SA
 Líneas Aéreas de Panama

 Lloyd Aéreo Paraguayo

 LANSA
 Perú Internacional - COPISA
 Trans-Peruana

 Transportes Aéreos Portugueses (TAP) ♠

 Government of Senegal

 South African Airways ♠
 Trek Airways

 Iberia ♠ 

 Thai Airways Company ♠

 ACE Freighters
 British Overseas Airways Corporation
 Britannia Airways
 Euravia
 Falcon Airways
 Trans European Aviation
 Skyways of London
 Universal Sky Tours

 Aerovias Sud Americana (aka ASA International Airlines)
 Airlift International
 Alaska Airlines
 American Airlines
 American Flyers Airline
 American Overseas Airlines ♠ (7 x L-049)
 Braniff International Airways
 California Eastern Airways
 California Hawaiian Airlines
 Capital Airlines
 Capitol Airways
 Central American Airways
 Central American International
 Chicago and Southern Air Lines ♠
 Delta Air Lines
 Eastern Air Lines ♠ 
 Federal Aviation Administration
 Flying Tiger Line ♠
 Great Lakes Airlines
 Hawthorne Nevada Airways
 Imperial Airlines
 Intercontinent Airways
 Miami Airlines
 Modern Air Transport
 NASA
 National Airlines ♠ (4 x L-1049H)
 Northwest Orient Airlines
 Pacific Air Transport
 Pacific Northern Airlines
 Pan American World Airways ♠
 Paradise Airlines
 Regina Cargo Airlines
 Resort Airlines ♠
 Standard Airways
 Seaboard & Western Airlines  ♠ ( 4 x L-1049D, 5 x L-1049H)
 Seaboard World Airlines
 Slick Airways ♠
 South Pacific Air Lines
 Trans International Airlines
 Trans World Airlines ♠ (launch operator)
 Western Airlines
 Wien Air Alaska

 Aerolíneas Uruguayas
 Compañía Aeronáutica Uruguaya (CAUSA)

 Linea Aeropostal Venezolana (LAV) ♠

Military operators

French Air Force

Indian Air Force
Indian Navy

Indonesian Air Force

Israeli Air Force

United States Air Force ♠
United States Navy ♠

References 

Operators
Constellation
Total petroleum hydrocarbon. Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) is a term used for any mixture of hydrocarbons that are found in crude oil. There are several hundred of these compounds, but not all occur in any one sample. Crude oil is used to make petroleum products, which can contaminate the environment. Because there are so many different chemicals in crude oil and in other petroleum products, it is not practical to measure each one separately. However, it is useful to measure the total amount of TPH at a site. Chemicals that occur in TPH include hexane, benzene, toluene, xylenes, naphthalene, and fluorene, other constituents of gasoline, jet fuels, mineral oils, and of other petroleum products. Petroleum hydrocarbon ranges are monitored at various levels depending on the state and testing site.

TPH is the sum of volatile petroleum hydrocarbons (VPH) and extractable petroleum hydrocarbons (EPH). VPH is also known as petrol (or gasoline) range organics (PRO or GRO) and includes hydrocarbons from C6-C10. Diesel range organics (DRO) includes hydrocarbons from C10-C28.

Various methods to analyze the components of TPH are introduced in a Nordic report. The report evaluates critically various new methods replacing the old ones using banned ozone depleting substances.

References

External links
http://www.cheiron-resources.com/glossary.php Glossary of Technical Terms for Oil and Other Hydrocarbon Leak Detection and Site Remediation

Analytical chemistry
AN/SPS-55. The AN/SPS-55 is a solid state surface search and navigation radar. It was developed by Cardion Electronics for the U.S. Navy under a contract awarded in 1971. It was originally developed for a class of ships known as Patrol Frigates, but it was also installed on numerous Cruisers, Destroyers, and Minesweepers. It is an I band radar and its antenna consists of two waveguide slotted arrays mounted back-to-back. One array provides linear polarisation and the other provides circular polarisation. Polarisation is user selectable and the circular polarised array is more effective in reducing returns from precipitation.

Features
 Magnetron transmitter
 Low noise RF receiver
 Sensitivity time control
 Fast time constant filtering
 Sector radiate

The effective range of the radar is from 50 feet to beyond 50 miles. It is primarily used to detect other ships, coastlines and navigation hazards.

The "Sensitivity Time Control" automatically adjusts the gain of the RF receiver from low to high based on the time elapsed from the last transmitter pulse. This helps to adjust for the fact that nearby targets generate a larger return than distant targets of the same size.

The "Fast Time Constant Filtering" helps to remove targets which have a very large range size, like clouds, while passing targets with a smaller range size, like ships or aircraft.

The "Sector Radiate" allows the operator to turn off the transmitter for any sized pie shaped sector of the antenna's 360 degree rotation. An operator might want to do this to avoid detection by an enemy receiver which lies within a known or suspected location.

The installation of Field Change 13 disabled the antenna's circular polarisation feature. Field Change 13 was necessary to address reliability issues associated with the replacement version of the waveguide switch used for polarisation selection.

Platforms
: AN/SPS-73 has replaced the AN/SPS-55

See also

Electronics Technician
List of radars
List of military electronics of the United States

References

External links
GlobalSecurity.org - AN/SPS-55
FAS.org - AN/SPS-55
GlobalSecurity.org: CG-47 Ticonderoga-class
Electronics Technician Vol 7 - AN/SPS-55
NAVAIR warfighters encyclopedia - AN/SPS-55

Sea radars
Military electronics of the United States