omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Internet infrastructure. 
Internet infrastructure refers to the physical systems that provide internet communication. It include networking cables, cellular towers, servers, internet exchange points, data centers, and individual computers.

Background
Several studies and events have helped to define the scope of critical Internet infrastructure. In August 2013, Internet infrastructure experts including Yuval Shavitt, Bill Woodcock, Rossella Mattioli, Thomas Haeberlen, Ethan Katz-Bassett and Roland Dobbins convened for six days at Schloss Dagstuhl to refine the academic and policy understanding of critical Internet infrastructure, producing a number of papers in the process. In 2017, the Global Commission on the Stability of Cyberspace undertook a global survey of Internet infrastructure experts in order to assess the degree of consensus on what constituted critical Internet infrastructure, producing a Definition of the Public Core which has since been used by the OECD and others as a standardized description of the principal elements of Internet critical infrastructure. In addition to these globally-applicable findings, nationally-specific definitions have been made by individual governments, for example by the US Government Accountability Office in 2006 and the US White House in 2013.

GCSC definition
The report of the GCSC Critical Infrastructure Assessment Working Group has summarized the results of their survey in a comprehensive definition of Critical Internet infrastructure, which includes the following elements:
 Packet routing and forwarding
 Naming and numbering systems 
 Security and identity protection
 Physical transmission media

See also
 Critical infrastructure
 Global Commission on the Stability of Cyberspace

References

External links 
 Digital Watch - Infrastructure

Internet terminology
Internet architecture
F&P Manufacturing Inc.. F&P Manufacturing Inc. abbreviated F&P Mfg Inc. is a Japanese automotive parts supplier based in North America. They make components such as subframes, trailing arms, Lower Arm and Pedals for Honda, Toyota and General Motors vehicles. F&P Mfg inc. operates plants in Tottenham, Ontario, Canada and Stratford, Ontario, Canada. Its parent company F-Tech was founded in 1947 and is located in Saitama Prefecture, Japan.

External links 
 F-Tech's Official Site

Auto parts suppliers of Canada
Harold E. Taylor. Harold E. Taylor, Haverford College, MIT, and University of Iowa alumnus, was a professor of physics at The Richard Stockton College of New Jersey for over 30 years. As one of the original faculty members, Taylor did research and instructed in the subjects of astrophysics, meteorology, astronomy, electronics, and general physics. One of the research projects Taylor instrumented was a large groundwater source heat pump system to heat and cool the entire academic complex at Stockton. This geothermal well-based system saves the institution around US$500,000 per year in electricity for heating and cooling. He was the brother of Nobel laureate Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr.

In his early college years, he was a notable soccer player.

Extra curricular activities
Taylor also chaired the local Amnesty International chapter in Atlantic County, New Jersey. Hal died in December 2001. The college has since renamed the campus observatory, which he helped facilitate in 1974, in his honor.

Family
He is the brother of Nobel Prize in Physics laureate Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr.

Honours
There is also a school scholarship in his name, the Dr. Harold E. Taylor Physics Award Endowment
.

The Stockton astronomical observatory is named after him.

Amateur radio
During their youth, Joseph and Hal were enthusiasts of amateur radio. Together they erected numerous large, rotating antennas, high above the roof of their family's three-story Victorian farmhouse. Their radios were mostly built from a mixture of post-war surplus equipment and junk television sets. Later in life, Hal moved back to the family farm following the death of their father to carry on the tradition and help run the farm. He was known to be interviewed by local news stations during times of extreme weather, such as droughts.

Athletics
Hal was one of Haverford College's greatest and most admired athletes ever. As a right fullback in soccer he was selected to the first All-American team in an era when there was only one such eleven, covering all colleges in the country.

References

Haverford College alumni
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Stockton University faculty
University of Iowa alumni
American men's soccer players
Haverford Fords men's soccer players
1939 births
2001 deaths
Men's association football fullbacks
Amateur radio people
20th-century American sportsmen
BARS apparatus. BARS (or "split sphere", transliteration from  abbreviation of , (bespressovaya apparatura vysokogo davleniya «razreznaya sfera»), "press-free high-pressure setup «split sphere»") a high-pressure high-temperature apparatus usually used for growing or processing minerals, especially diamond and boron nitride. Typical pressures and temperatures achievable with BARS are  and .

The BARS technology was invented around 1989–1991 by the scientists from the Institute of Geology and Geophysics of the Siberian Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. In the center of the device, there is a ceramic cylindrical reaction cell of about 2 cm3 in size. The cell is placed into a cubic-shaped pressure-transmitting material, which is pressed by elements made from cemented carbide (VK10 hard alloy). The outer octahedral cavity is pressed by 8 steel sectors. After mounting, the whole assembly is locked in a disc-type barrel with a diameter ~1 meter. The barrel is filled with oil, which pressurizes upon heating; the oil pressure is transferred to the central cell. The central cell is heated up by a coaxial graphite heater. Temperature is measured with a thermocouple. The exterior size is 2.2 х 1.0 х 1.2 meters. Weight of the sphere is . Claimed energy consumption is in between 1.5 - 2 kWh.

The growth rate for  type Ib (yellow, nitrogen-rich) crystals using Fe–Ni catalyst reaches as high as ~20 mg/h towards the end of 100 h growth cycle, i.e. crystals of  to  can be grown in less than 100 h.

See also 

 Synthetic diamond
 Material properties of diamond
 Crystallographic defects in diamond
 Diamond color
 Diamond enhancement
 Diamond

References

External links 

hpht – high pressure high temperature
Pressless High-Pressure Equipment “SPLIT SPHERE" 
Synthetic threat to gem quality diamonds

Industrial processes
Soviet inventions
Superhard materials
Synthetic diamond
Diamond industry in the Soviet Union
Balance of system. The balance of system (BOS) encompasses all components of a photovoltaic system other than the photovoltaic panels. 
This includes wiring, switches, a mounting system, one or many solar inverters, a battery bank and battery charger.

Other optional components include renewable energy credit revenue-grade meter, maximum power point tracker (MPPT), GPS solar tracker, Energy management software, solar concentrators, solar irradiance sensors, anemometer, or task-specific accessories designed to meet specialized requirements for a system owner. In addition, concentrated photovoltaics systems require optical lenses or mirrors and sometimes a cooling system.

In addition, ground-mounted, large photovoltaic power station require equipment and facilities, such as grid connections, office facilities, and concrete. Land is sometimes included as part of the BOS as well.

Balance of Plant 
A similar term to balance of system is “balance of plant (BOP)” which is generally used in the context of power engineering and applies to all the supporting components and systems of the power plant which are needed to produce the energy. These may include suitable transformers, inverters, cabling, switching and control equipment, protection equipment, power conditioners, support structures, etc., depending on the type of plant.

Cost of BOS 
Cost of balance of system will include the cost of the hardware (and software, if applicable), labor, permitting Interconnection and Inspection (PII) fees, and any other fees that may apply. For large commercial solar systems, the cost of BOS may include the cost of land and building, etc. The cost of BOS can be about two thirds of the total cost.

Downward Trend 
While the cost of solar panels is coming down appreciably, the cost of BOS is not showing the same rate of decline. It is understandable because extra effort has gone into the solar cell technology. The solar cell technology is still evolving and improving, and costs are being reduced fast. The balance of systems consists mostly of items which are not specific to solar technology. As an example, the mounting structures are quite usual and the technology may already be mature, benefitting little from further innovation and research.

See also
Balance of plant

References

Solar energy
Standard H-2. The Standard H-2 was an early American Army reconnaissance aircraft, ordered in 1916. The H-2 was built by the Standard Aircraft Corporation, and previously known as the Sloane H-2. It was an open-cockpit three-place tractor biplane, powered by a 125 hp (90 kW) Hall-Scott A-5 engine. Only three were built.

An improved version, the H-3, with the same engine, earned an order for nine aircraft, while the Navy ordered three with floats as the H-4H.

Two Standard H-3s were sold by the US Army to Japan, where a further three were built by the Provisional Military Balloon Research Association (PMBRA) in 1917, powered by  Hall-Scott L-4 engines. They were used as trainers between May 1917 and March 1918, although they were considered dangerous.

Operators

Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service

United States Army
United States Navy

Specifications (H-3)

References
Notes

Bibliography
 Klemin, Alexander and T. H. Huff. "Course in Aerodynamics and Airplane Design: Part II–Section 1". Aviation, Volume II, No. 2, 15 February 1917, pp. 91–92. (Registration required).
 Donald, David, ed. Encyclopedia of World Aircraft, p. 854, "Standard aircraft". Etobicoke, Ontario: Prospero Books, 1997.
 Mikesh, Robert C. and Shorzoe Abe. Japanese Aircraft, 1910-1941. London: Putnam, 1990. .

Biplanes
1910s United States military reconnaissance aircraft
Standard Aircraft Corporation aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1917
Gotha WD.2. The Gotha WD.2 (for Wasser Doppeldecker - "Water Biplane") and its derivatives were a family of military reconnaissance aircraft produced in Germany just before and during the early part of World War I.

Design and development
The WD.2 was a development of the Avro 503 that had been built under licence by Gotha as the WD.1, and like it, was a conventional three-bay biplane with tandem, open cockpits. The landing gear comprised twin pontoons and dispensed with the small pontoon carried under the tail of the WD.1. Machines built for the Imperial German Navy were unarmed, but those supplied to the Ottoman aviation squadrons carried a 7.92 mm (.312 in) machine gun in a ring mount on the upper wing, accessible to the observer, whose seat was located directly below it.

In an attempt to increase performance, one WD.2 was built with a reduced wingspan and its Benz Bz.III engine replaced with the more powerful Mercedes D.III. Designated the WD.5, no further examples were built in this configuration, but it served as the pattern for the WD.9, built in a small series. This differed from the WD.5 prototype in having a trainable 7.92 mm (.312 in) machine gun located in the rear cockpit, to which the observer had been relocated. One such aircraft was supplied to the Navy, with the rest of the batch going to Turkey, albeit with the less powerful engine of the WD.2.

The last member of the family to be built in any quantity was the D.III-powered WD.12, an unarmed version which featured greater attention to streamlining the aircraft, most especially around the engine area, which was now provided with a close-fitting cowl and a spinner for the propeller. Again, this type was supplied to both Germany and the Ottoman Empire. It was followed in production by a small number of WD.13s, essentially similar but for the use again of the less powerful Bz.III.

Finally, two WD.15s were built after a considerable redesign of the aircraft. These had plywood-covered fuselages, as opposed to the fabric covering used on all earlier members of the family, and were fitted with Mercedes D.IVa engines.

Variants

WD.2Unarmed version with Benz Bz.III engine,  span wings.
WD.2aA short span version of the WD.2 with  span wings.
WD.5Unarmed version with Mercedes D.III engine (1 built)
WD.9Armed version with Mercedes D.III engine (Germany) or Benz Bz.III engine (Ottoman Empire)
WD.12Unarmed version with Mercedes D.III engine
WD.13Unarmed version with Benz Bz.III engine
WD.15Version with plywood-skinned fuselage and Mercedes D.IVa engine

Operators

Kaiserliche Marine

Ottoman Air Force

Specifications (WD.2)

References

Further reading

External links

 Das Virtuelle Luftfahrtmuseum

1910s German military reconnaissance aircraft
Floatplanes
WD.02
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1914
Class 24. Class 24 may refer to:

24-class sloop, Royal Navy minesweeper
British Rail Class 24, British diesel-electric locomotive
DB Class VT 24
DRG Class 24, German 2-4-0 steam locomotive
GER Class R24, British 0-6-0 steam locomotive
Hormuz 24-class landing ship
J/24, sailing boat
L&YR Class 24, British 0-6-0T steam locomotive
NER Class P, later LNER Class J24, British 0-6-0 steam locomotive
New South Wales Z24 class locomotive, Australian 2-6-0 steam locomotive
South African Class 24 2-8-4, South African steam locomotive

See also
 Type 24 (disambiguation)
Thomas Brothers T-2. The Thomas Brothers T-2 was an American-built biplane which served with the Royal Navy.

Built by Thomas-Morse Aircraft in Bath, New York, in 1914, it was the creation of Benjamin D. Thomas (later the company's chief designer), based on his Curtiss JN-4 (which it resembles), and used the 90 hp (67 kW) Austro-Daimler.

Twenty-four aircraft, in two batches, were provided to the Royal Naval Air Service, the Austro-Daimler being replaced by a similar-horsepower Curtiss OX-5

An additional fifteen, differing in being fitted with floats in place of wheels, a  Thomas among other engines in place of the OX-5, and three-bay wings spanning 44 ft (13.41 m), were sold to the United States Navy as the SH-4. at US$7,575 each.

Operators

Royal Naval Air Service:  24 examples

United States Navy:  15 examples designated SH-4

Specifications (T-2)

See also

References
Notes

Bibliography
 Donald, David, ed. Encyclopedia of World Aircraft, p. 875, "Thomas Brothers and Thomas-Morse aircraft". Etobicoke, Ontario: Prospero Books, 1997.
 Wegg, John. General Dynamics Aircraft and their Predecessors. London:Putnam, 1990. .

External links
Aerofiles

1910s United States military utility aircraft
Thomas-Morse aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1914
Biplanes
Valence isomer. In organic chemistry, two molecules are valence isomers when they are constitutional isomers that can interconvert through pericyclic reactions.

Benzene
There are many valence isomers one can draw for the C6H6 formula benzene. Some were originally proposed for benzene itself before the actual structure of benzene was known. Others were later synthesized in lab. Some have been observed to isomerize to benzene, whereas others tend to undergo other reactions instead, or isomerize by ways other than pericyclic reactions.

Cyclooctatetraene
The valence isomers are not restricted to isomers of benzene. Valence isomers are also seen in the series (CH)8. Due to the larger number of units, the number of possible valence isomers is also greater and at least 21:

Naphthalene and azulene
Perhaps no pair of valence isomers differ more strongly in appearance than colourless naphthalene and the intensely violet azulene.

Benzene oxide and oxepin

References

External links

Isomerism
Flight 3. Flight 3 may refer to the following aviation accidents or incidents:

Aeroflot Flight 3, a 1962 aviation accident
TWA Flight 3, a 1942 DC-3 crash in Southern Nevada

Other uses 

 Starship flight test 3, a flight of SpaceX Starship including the first fully successful second stage burn on March 14, 2024

See also
Flight (comics), volume 3
Let 3, a Croatian modern rock band whose name translates to "Flight 3".

0003
John Grill. John Grill AO (born 1945) was the founder and chief executive officer of Australian-based engineering company, Worley.

Biography
He graduated with Honours in Civil Engineering from the University of Sydney before joining Esso Australia in 1968. Grill then moved in 1971 to be Chief Executive of Wholohan Grill and Partners, a civil engineering firm. This specialised consulting practice acquired the business of Worley Engineering in 1987.

Worley Group Limited listed on the Australian Stock Exchange in November 2002 and Grill is the company's largest shareholder.

In 2004, Worley Group Limited acquired Parsons E&C Corporation, a US-based global project services company, and in time amalgamated with various other parties to form WorleyParsons.

An engineer by profession, the notoriously media shy Grill is nevertheless very well respected in engineering circles. He was named Engineers Australia Professional Engineer of the Year 2006.

Grill retired as WorleyParsons CEO in October 2012 and became its chairman in February 2013.

Upon his retirement as CEO, Grill donated $20 million to the University of Sydney to establish the John Grill Centre for Project Leadership.

In January 2014, Grill was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia for distinguished service to engineering and to business, to the minerals, energy and power supply industries and as a supporter of advanced education and training.

Fortune
Forbes 2006 listed John Grill as #1014 with a net worth of US$1.01 billion. This estimates him as the 19th richest man in Australia and New Zealand.

In a March 2008 ranking of Business Review Weeklys richest Australian executives and managers, John Grill was placed as #8 with a 2007 value of A$861.6 million and total remuneration of $2.59 million.

However, on 5 April 2008, it was reported that John Grill is among Australia's richest executives to be most affected by the global financial turmoil, suffering an estimated share value loss of $585 million.

References

1946 births
Australian chief executives
Living people
Australian billionaires
Businesspeople from Sydney
Fellows of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering
University of Sydney alumni
HSwMS Sölve. HSwMS Sölve is one of seven s built for the Swedish Navy in the mid-1870s. The ship had an uneventful career and was sold in 1919 for conversion into a barge. She became a museum ship in Gothenburg, Sweden, in 1992.

Design and description
The Hildur-class monitors were designed by Lieutenant John Christian d'Ailly, from a proposal by John Ericsson, for the defense of Lake Mälaren and the Stockholm archipelago. The ships were  long overall and had a beam of . They had a draft of  and displaced . Her crew numbered 48 officers and men. The ship had rudders at bow and stern.

The Hildurs had a pair of two-cylinder horizontal-return connecting-rod steam engines, each driving a single propeller using steam from two cylindrical boilers. The engines produced a total of  which gave the monitors a maximum speed of . The ships carried  of coal.

The monitors were equipped with one  M/69 rifled breech loader, mounted in a long, fixed, oval-shaped gun turret. The gun weighed  and fired projectiles at a muzzle velocity of . At its maximum elevation of 7.5° it had a range of . The Hildurs also mounted two  guns. They were rearmed with a  quick-firing gun as well as three  quick-firing guns sometime in the 1890s or the early 1900s.

The Hildur class had a complete waterline armor belt of wrought iron that was  thick with a  deck. The face of the gun turret was protected by  of armor, while its sides were  thick. The conning tower protruded from the top of the turret and was protected by  of armor.

Construction and service
Sölve, named after Sölve, a semi-legendary King of Sweden, was launched in 1875 by Motala Verkstad at Norrköping. She was decommissioned in 1919 and was converted into an oil barge after she was sold. The ship was acquired by the Gothenburg Maritima Centrum from Mobiloil in 1992. It has been partially restored and is currently moored at the Maritiman marine museum in Gothenburg.

Notes

References
 

 

Hildur-class monitors
Ships built in Norrköping
1875 ships
Ships preserved in museums
Museum ships in Sweden
Museums in Gothenburg
1875 in Sweden
Nordstaden
1992 establishments in Sweden
Museums established in 1992
E-Go Aeroplanes e-Go. The e-Go Aeroplanes e-Go, originally known as the E-Plane,  is a British ultralight and light-sport aircraft that was designed by Giotto Castelli, that was being developed by e-Go Aeroplanes of Cambridge and since May 2017, by GioCAS Aeronautical Consultancy, also located in Cambridge.

The aircraft won the Light Aircraft Association's design competition in 2007. It was first flown on 24 October 2013, with the first public flight-test and demonstration on 30 October 2013. The aircraft was initially to be supplied as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

Production plans for the design were suspended and staff laid off in November 2016 as e-Go Aeroplanes was unable to raise capital in the wake of the British Brexit vote. The aircraft program was acquired by the designer, Castelli, in May 2017, with the aim of bringing it to production.

Design and development
The aircraft was designed to comply with the United Kingdom single-seat deregulated microlight class, as well as to comply with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight rules. The aircraft cruise speed is planned to be modified for US light-sport aircraft rules. It features a cantilever mid wing, a canard foreplane, a single-seat enclosed cockpit, fixed tricycle landing gear and a pusher engine and propeller. This follows the configuration established by the Rutan VariViggen and VariEze. The single engine is a Rotron Wankel engine based on Rotron's RT300 LCR engine which is intended for drones.

The aircraft is made from a combination of carbon fibre and foam. Its  span wing has an area of . The standard engine will be a  rotary engine, which is expected to give a cruise speed of  on  per .

During 2016, e-Go Aeroplanes announced that full production would not proceed without further financial input, "an investment memorandum for a third round of funding was issued and distributed in July this year ... shareholder interest generated was insufficient, coupled with the unsure financial market following Brexit. The Board made the very difficult decision to make all staff positions redundant."

In November 2016, e-Go Aeroplanes's operation was mothballed, and "overseen by Chief Operating Officer, Richard Clabon and the General Manager David Boughey". The company website stated that it was still looking for a buyer. but the company went into administration in the spring of 2017.

In May 2017 the assets of e-Go Aeroplanes were acquired by the aircraft's designer, Giotto Castelli, indicating that he would pursue production under his company, GioCAS Aeronautical Consultancy.

Specifications (e-Go)

References

External links

Previous official website
Official first flight video

2010s British ultralight aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Light-sport aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Wankel-engined aircraft
Canard aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 2013