omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
416th Engineer Command (United States). The 416th Theater Engineer Command (416th TEC) is a United States Army Reserve command that conducts theater-level engineer operations for US Army Central Command, US Army Southern Command, supports continental U.S. – based engineer requirements as directed, and is prepared to participate in Joint and Combined regional contingency operations.  It is also the higher command headquarters for the US Army Facility Engineer Group.

History
The 416th Engineer Command provides theater-level engineer support to the Combatant Commander in the event of a contingency operation. It is designed to command hundreds of engineer units and thousands of Soldiers in a war fighting capacity. The Command has historical training relationships in South and Central America, Southwest Asia, and provides direct support to the US Army Central Command.  Until mobilized, the 416th ENCOM is under operational control of the Headquarters, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

As an operational command, the 416th has brigades and other assigned units with approximately 10,000 Soldiers located throughout the United States.

The command was formed in 1950, and has served in both Iraq during the Gulf War, and Afghanistan during Operation Enduring Freedom. 416th Soldiers have assisted with construction missions and supported joint exercises in the Honduras and Costa Rica.

The 416th has deployed numerous detachments from the US Army Facility Engineer Group since the beginning of the Global War on Terror.

Current Structure
As of August 2023, the command is composed of the following:

 416th Engineer Command, in Darien, Illinois
 USACE Contingency Response Unit, in Washington, District of Columbia
 113th Engineer Detachment, in Saint Charles, Missouri
 208th Engineer Detachment (Digital Liaison), in Colorado Springs, Colorado
 213th Engineer Detachment, in Camp Parks, California
 301st Engineer Detachment (Forward Engineer Support Main Team), in Denver, Colorado
 378th Engineer Detachment (Forward Engineer Support Main Team), in Darien, Illinois
 372nd Engineer Brigade, at Fort Snelling, Minnesota
 367th Engineer Battalion, in Saint Cloud, Minnesota
 863rd Engineer Battalion, in Darien, Illinois
 983rd Engineer Battalion, in Monclova, Ohio
 420th Engineer Brigade, in Bryan, Texas
 489th Engineer Battalion, in North Little Rock, Arkansas
 961st Engineer Battalion, in Seagoville, Texas
 980th Engineer Battalion, in Austin, Texas
 301st Maneuver Enhancement Brigade, at Joint Base Lewis–McChord
 315th Engineer Battalion, at Camp Pendleton, California
 321st Engineer Battalion, in Boise, Idaho
 397th Engineer Battalion, in Marina, California
 476th Chemical Battalion, at Joint Base Lewis–McChord, Washington
 647th Regional Support Group, in Wichita, Kansas
 244th Engineer Battalion, in Denver, Colorado
 389th Engineer Battalion, in Dubuque, Iowa

References

416
416
416
Mathews Turnerkraft. The Mathews Turnerkraft, also called the Turnercraft, is an American ultralight aircraft that was designed by Lyle Mathews in conjunction with his partners Al Petit and Kindall and Wink Turner. It was made available in the form of plans for amateur construction.

Design and development
The aircraft was designed to comply with US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules, including the category's maximum empty weight of . It features a biplane wing configuration, a single-seat, open cockpit and a single engine.

The aircraft is made from aluminum tubing, riveted together using gussets. Its top wing features full-span ailerons. The wings and tail are covered with aircraft fabric that is glued into place, heat shrunk and then finished with latex house paint, with two coats of paint on bottom surfaces and three on top to provide extra UV protection. The conventional landing gear includes a steerable tailwheel.

Specifications (Turnerkraft)

References

Turnerkraft
1980s United States ultralight aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Biplanes
Single-engined piston aircraft
Damen Stan Patrol 2606. The Damen Stan 2600 is a line of patrol vessels built or designed by Netherlands shipbuilding firm the Damen Group.

Operators 
The first vessels of this design were delivered to the Hong Kong Police in 2007.

Vietnam Maritime search and Rescue Coordination Center operates 3 x 28.9 m variant of the Stan Patrol 2606 vessels delivered in 2004:

 SAR-273
 SAR-274
 SAR-272

The United States Coast Guard Marine Protector class of cutters are based on the Damen Stan 2600 design.
A total of 78 Marine Protector class vessels were built by Bollinger Shipyards—74 for the United States Coast Guard (USCG), two for the United States Navy (USN), two for Malta and two for Yemen.  Four of the last vessels in the USCG possession are owned by the USN, but are crewed and managed by the USCG and bear USCG pennant numbers.

The USN relies on these vessels to escort its nuclear submarines as they enter and exit from their ports, where submarines may be vulnerable to bombers until they can get to water deep enough to dive. Distinguishing them from the remainder of the vessels in the USCG fleet, the USN's four vessels are equipped with a gyro-stabilized machine gun, remotely controlled from the bridge.

The Venezuelan Navy operates vessels built to the Damen Stan design.
The vessels were built in Venezuela.
In March 2008 a newly constructed vessel was sent to Nicaragua to try to solicit orders from the Government of Nicaragua.

In November 2011 Ecuador signed a contract to build vessels of the related 2606 design for the Ecuadorian Coast Guard.

In January 2012 Cuba and Venezuela entered into an agreement to cooperate in the construction of 
vessels built to the Damen Stan 2606 design.
The vessels will be built in the UCOCAR in Puerto Cabello, Venezuela.

In May 2014 the Bahamas also ordered four patrol vessels based on Damen's 26 metre design.

See also
Damen Stan patrol vessel 4207
Damen Stan patrol vessel 4708

References

Patrol vessels
Damen Group
X v Canada (Commissioner of Patents). X v Canada (Commissioner of Patents) is a decision by the Federal Court of Appeal concerning the utility requirement for patenting an invention in Canada.

Background
The patent application in issue was for a "death ray", more particularly, a device that creates a path of ionized air using a laser beam to transmit electrical energy without wires.

The invention had not been constructed by the inventor because of the significant cost of doing so. The Commissioner of Patents refused the patent application on the ground that the death ray was "inoperable for the purpose for which it was designed."

Decision
Chief Justice Thurlow, for the Court, found that the patent did not disclose how a technical challenge would be addressed and was not written clearly enough to enable a person skilled in the art to make or use the invention. In addition, he concluded the Commissioner's comments concerning the absence of a working model of the invention and describing the invention as an abstract theorem were obiter and were not relevant to the application's refusal.

In view of the above, the Court dismissed the inventor's appeal and affirmed the decision of the Commissioner of Patents.

See also
 Utility in Canadian patent law

References

Canadian patent case law
1981 in Canadian case law
Federal Court of Appeal (Canada) case law
Mumbra railway station. Mumbra is a railway station on the Central line of the Mumbai Suburban Railway network.

Most of the fast locals coming from Kalyan or from Mumbai bypass through the Parsik Tunnel which is 1.3 km in length and it was once the third largest tunnel of Asia. This tunnel lies on the fast track and has one entry and one exit point in Mumbra. It is the first railway tunnel that was built in India and is more than hundred years old, by the British Empire. It is in the Sahyadri Ranges of Maharashtra and those hills are known as Parsik Hills

An addition of railway lines has been built from Kalwa to Diva which passes through Ulhas River has been constructed and Started from mid-January 2022. Similarly two new platforms 1 and 2 have been constructed. The new alignment has creek bridges at either ends of the station.

References

Railway stations in India opened in 1865
Railway stations in Thane district
Mumbai Suburban Railway stations
Shachi-class offshore patrol vessel. The Shachi-class (Project 21) was a class of naval offshore patrol vessels supposed to be built by Reliance Defence and Engineering (formerly known as Pipavav Defence and Offshore Engineering Company Limited) at its shipyard in Indian state of Gujarat. The project was scrapped by Ministry of Defense, India after an inordinate delay of 9 years.

Development
In June 2010, it was reported that Pipavav Shipyard won a contract from the Indian Ministry of Defence to build five naval offshore patrol vessels for the Indian Navy. On 27 May 2011, the contract worth  was signed with the delivery of the first ship scheduled for November 2014 and the remaining ships in intervals of six months each. 

Initially, the vessels were planned to be built to a design sourced from Severnoye Design Bureau. They were planned to be  long with a displacement of  and a top speed of . However, talks with Severnoye broke down over differences in pricing and a new design partner, reported to be Alion Science, was chosen. In DEFEXPO 2014, Pipavav shipyard released a new design for the class with a lower displacement of  but a higher top speed of .

There have been numerous delays in the project, initially due to change of design partner and subsequently due to financial issues of the shipyard and acquisition of Pipavav Shipyard by Reliance. In June 2016, it was reported that the shipyard is accelerating work on the delayed order with a shorter delivery schedule for the last three ships. As of March 2018, the ships are scheduled for delivery between June 2018 and June 2020. Pipavav might be asked to pay liquidated damages of up to  for the delayed delivery. In December 2018, it was reported that bank guarantees of over  had been encashed by the Indian Navy.

In October 2020, the Indian Navy cancelled the deal to acquire offshore petrol vessels due to 10 year delay in their delivery and the heavy indebtedness of the contractor.

Ships of the class
Two ships of the first batch, Shachi and Shruti, were launched on 25 July 2017.

References

Patrol vessels of the Indian Navy
Patrol ship classes
High-performance fuzzy computing. High-performance fuzzy computing (HPFC) is those technologies able to exploit supercomputers and computer clusters to perform high performance fuzzy logic computations. Thus HPFC is just a special case of the much more general high-performance computing. In the specific case of fuzzy logic, however, there exist more traditional ways to achieve high performance, that could be considered HPFC but in a broader sense, like the hardware implementations on DSP or FPGA. More recently, another alternative has emerged: fuzzy computing on GPU.

References

External links 
  Rapid prototyping of high performance fuzzy computing applications using high level GPU programming for maritime operations support
  Speedup of Implementing Fuzzy Neural Networks with high-dimensional inputs through Parallel Processing on Graphic Processing Units
  Speedup of Fuzzy Clustering Through Stream Processing on Graphics Processing Units
  GPUcomputing.net

Fuzzy logic
Dependent source. In the theory of electrical networks, a dependent source  is a voltage source or a current source whose value depends on a voltage or current elsewhere in the network.

Dependent sources are useful, for example, in modeling the behavior of amplifiers. A bipolar junction transistor can be modeled as a dependent current source whose magnitude depends on the magnitude of the current fed into its controlling base terminal. An operational amplifier can be described as a voltage source dependent on the differential input voltage between its input terminals. Practical circuit elements have properties such as finite power capacity, voltage, current, or frequency limits that mean an ideal source is only an approximate model. Accurate modeling of practical devices requires using several idealized elements in combination.

Classification

Dependent sources can be classified as follows:
 Voltage-controlled voltage source: The source delivers the voltage as per the voltage of the dependent element. 
 Voltage-controlled current source: The source delivers the current as per the voltage of the dependent element. 
 Current-controlled current source: The source delivers the current as per the current of the dependent element. 
 Current-controlled voltage source: The source delivers the voltage as per the current of the dependent element. 

Dependent sources are not necessarily linear. For example, MOSFET switches can be modeled as a voltage-controlled current source when
 and .

However, the relationship between the current flowing through it and  is approximately:

In this case, the current is not linear to , but rather approximately proportional to the square of .

As for the case of linear dependent sources, the proportionality constant between dependent and independent variables is dimensionless if they are both currents (or both voltages).  A voltage controlled by a current has a proportionality factor expressed in units of resistance (ohms), and this constant is sometimes called "transresistance".  A current controlled by a voltage has units of conductance (siemens), and is called "transconductance".  Transconductance is a commonly used specification for measuring the performance of field effect transistors and vacuum tubes.

See also

 Circuit theory
 Ground (electricity)
 Mathematical methods in electronics
 Open-circuit voltage
 Lumped-element model
 Distributed-element model
 Series and parallel circuits
 Superposition theorem
 SPICE
 Topology (electronics)
 Trancitor
 Mesh analysis

References

Power supplies
Electrical power control
Qualitative Data Analysis Program. The Qualitative Data Analysis Program (QDAP) was founded in 2005 at the University of Pittsburgh in the University Center for Social and Urban Research. QDAP is a fee-for-service research laboratory that develops software and methods to support multi-coder annotation projects. In 2008, QDAP-UMass was opened at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. Researchers at QDAP developed the Coding Analysis Toolkit (CAT), which is a free, open source, web-based CAQDAS package.

References

External links
QDAP-UMass

University of Pittsburgh
USA-221. USA-221, also known as FalconSat-5, is an American military minisatellite, which was launched in 2010. The fifth FalconSat spacecraft to be launched, it carries four technology development and ionospheric research experiments. The satellite was constructed and is operated by the United States Air Force Academy.

Spacecraft
USA-221 is a  spacecraft, measuring  by  by . It operates in a low Earth orbit with an apogee of , a perigee of , and 72 degrees of orbital inclination.

The Space Plasma Characterization Source (SPCS) studies how a cold gas ammonia thruster and a Hall effect thruster behave in space, and how they affect the spacecraft's surroundings. Meanwhile, the Wafer-Integrated Spectrometer, WISPERS, will observe the plume generated by the Hall thruster, allowing a comparison to be made to theoretical data. The other two experiments will study the Earth's ionosphere. SmartMESA, the Smart Miniaturized Electrostatic Analyzer, was designed to record the ion density of the ionosphere, as well as the temperature, to allow a study of how temperature affects ion density. It is a reflight of the original SmartMESA mission, which was lost when FalconSat-2 failed to achieve orbit. The Receiver UHF/VHF Signal Strength, or RUSS, experiment, is intended to receive radio signals in the UHF and VHF bands, to determine the levels and effects of ionospheric interference.

SmartMESA, also known as the Integrated Miniaturized ElectroStatic Analyzer, and WISPERS were respectively ranked as the 26th and 31st most important experiments for DoD satellites in 2006, by the US Space Experiments Review Board.

Launch
USA-221 was launched from Pad 1 of the Kodiak Launch Complex, using a Minotaur IV carrier rocket with a HAPS upper stage; however USA-221 was deployed prior to ignition of the HAPS stage. The Minotaur was launched at 01:25:00 UTC on 20 November 2010, with FalconSat-5 separating into its low Earth orbit just over 25 minutes later.

The launch also carried STPSat-2, FASTSAT and NanoSail-D2, FASTRAC, O/OREOS, and RAX. Collectively, the deployment mission was designated STP-S26, and marked the third flight of the Minotaur IV.

References

External links

 Busek (Natick, MA USA)- Propulsion System Vendor

Spacecraft launched in 2010
USA satellites
Metropolitan University of Tirana. The  University Metropolitan Tirana (), abbreviated UMT, is a private university located in Tirana, Albania. It was founded in 2011, by a group of architects and engineers as the only Albanian university on information technology, engineering and architecture.

See also
List of universities in Albania
List of colleges and universities
List of colleges and universities by country

References

External links
 UMT official website

Universities and colleges in Tirana
Educational institutions established in 2011
2011 establishments in Albania
Universities in Albania
Hessian Ministry of Economics, Energy, Transport and Housing. The Hessian Ministry of Economics, Energy, Transport and Housing (), abbreviated HMWEVW, is a state institution of the German State of Hesse. It has its headquarters in the state capital of Wiesbaden.

The offices for roads and transport are for the planning, construction and expansion and maintenance of federal highways, federal and state roads and have regional responsibility and jurisdiction over some of the planning of county and township roads on behalf of counties and municipalities .
The Ministry is responsible for the planning approval of federal roads and highways. Further responsibilities include land planning and village renewal, and awarding the Rheingau Literatur Preis.

External links 
 Hessisches Ministerium für Wirtschaft, Energie, Verkehr und Wohnen
 EFRE in Hessen

Government of Hesse
Organisations based in Wiesbaden
Hesse
Hesse
Hesse
Hesse
Hydrodynamic seal. A hydrodynamic seal is a type of mechanical seal. A hydrodynamic seal uses a dynamic rotor with grooves that act as a pump and create an air film that the opposing sealing surface will ride on. A hydrodynamic seal performs better than hydrostatic seals by providing greater film stiffness, lower leakage and lower lift off speeds. Hydrodynamic seals have a variety of applications in multiple industries. there are a large number of various groove designs that have been proposed and tested.

Some types of hydrodynamic grooves include:
 Spiral Groove
 Wave
 V Grooves
 U Grooves
 Double V Grooves

Seals (mechanical)
AHW (disambiguation). AHW may refer to:

 Atomic hydrogen welding, an arc welding process that uses an arc between two metal tungsten electrodes in a shielding atmosphere of hydrogen
 Aeromist-Kharkiv, an airline based in Kharkiv, Ukraine
 Ahnapee and Western Railway, a common carrier short line railroad located in northeastern Wisconsin
 Advanced Hypersonic Weapon, a DARPA project
 Akkadisches Handwörterbuch (AHw), a German lexicon of the Akkadian language
 A. H. Wheeler, Indian publishing company
Mississippi and Skuna Valley Railroad. The Mississippi & Skuna Valley Railroad (MSV) was a 22-mile a shortline railroad that operated in Mississippi from 1925 to 2008.

History
The railroad was on incorporated on June 1, 1925 primarily to serve the E.L. Bruce Company hardwood mill in Bruce, Mississippi. It ran from a connection with the Illinois Central Railroad (later Canadian National) south of Coffeeville, Mississippi to Bruce. Lumber products made up the majority of its traffic.

Operations on the MSV were forced to cease in 2008 due to a bridge being damaged on its connecting railroad, which was now owned by Canadian National. 

In August 2010 the Patriot Rail Corporation purchased the line but was unable to operate it due to the damaged bridge on its connecting railroad.

Abandonment
In November 2011, Patriot Rail filed a petition to abandon the track, and in 2012 donated the right of way to Calhoun and Yalobusha counties to become a rail trail.

References

External links

Hawkins Rails Page for MSV
Mississippi Rails History Page

Mississippi railroads
Span. Span may refer to:

Science, technology and engineering
 Span (unit), the width of a human hand 
 Span (engineering), a section between two intermediate supports
 Wingspan, the distance between the wingtips of a bird or aircraft
 Sorbitan esters, also known as a spans
 Nebbiolo, an Italian wine grape also known as Span

Mathematics
 Linear span, or simply span, in linear algebra
 Span (category theory)

Computing
 <span>, an HTML element; See div and span
 Switched Port Analyzer, Cisco implementation of port mirroring
 Smartphone ad hoc network
 Critical path length in analysis of parallel algorithms

Other uses
 Span (band), a Norwegian rock band
 Span (design firm), an American design studio
 SPAN magazine, a publication of the US Embassy, New Delhi, India; see former editor V. D. Trivadi
 Saudi Payments Network
 CME SPAN, Standard Portfolio Analysis of Risk, for futures contracts
 Span Developments, former UK builder

People
 Denard Span (born 1984), a baseball outfielder
 Henrik Span Danish shipbuilder and admiral (1634–1694)
 Span., taxonomic author abbreviation of Johan Baptist Spanoghe (1798–1838), Dutch botanical collector