omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Kwesi Akwansah Andam. Kwesi Akwansah Andam (15 December 1946 – 14 December 2007) was a Ghanaian academic and former Vice Chancellor of the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology. He was a professor of engineering. He died on 14 December 2007 at the 37 Military Hospital.

Early life and education
Prof. Andam was born at Ekumfi Atakwaa in the Central Region of Ghana 15 December 1946. He obtained his secondary school certificate from Ghana Secondary Technical School at Takoradi in the Western Region of Ghana. He obtained a Bachelor of Science degree in Civil Engineering from the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology. Prof. Andam obtained his PhD in Structural Engineering Computer Aided Design (CAD) Division at Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne in the United Kingdom.

Career
In 1985, he was appointed a lecturer at the Civil Engineering Department of KNUST. He became a senior lecturer in 1985. He became an associate professor in 1992 and a full professor in 1997.

Vice Chancellor of KNUST
Andam was appointed as the Vice Chancellor of KNUST by the governing board of the university. His four-year term started in September 2002 and ended in September 2006.

Personal life
He was married to Professor Aba Andam who is a physicist and an academic. They had four children. He died on 14 December 2007 at the 37 Military Hospital after a short illness.

Publications
Andam authored over 100 science books and papers.

References

2007 deaths
Academic staff of Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
Vice-chancellors of Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
Vice-chancellors of universities in Ghana
20th-century Ghanaian engineers
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology alumni
Ghana Secondary Technical School alumni
1946 births
20th-century Ghanaian scientists
Fellows of the African Academy of Sciences
Arc fault. An arc fault is a high power discharge of electricity between two or more conductors.  This discharge generates heat, which can break down the wire's insulation and trigger an electrical fire. Arc faults can range in current from a few amps up to thousands of amps, and are highly variable in strength and duration. 

Some common causes of arc fault are loose wire connections, over heated wires, or wires pinched by furniture.

Location and detection 
Two types of wiring protection are standard thermal breakers and arc fault circuit breakers. Thermal breakers require an overload condition long enough that a heating element in the breaker trips the breaker off. In contrast, arc fault circuit breakers use magnetic or other means to detect increases in current draw much more quickly. Without such protection, visually detecting arc faults in defective wiring is very difficult, as the arc fault occurs in a very small area. A problem with arc fault circuit breaker is they are more likely to produce false positives due to normal circuit behaviors appearing to be arc faults. For instance, lightning strikes on the outside of an aircraft mimic arc faults in their voltage and current profiles. Research has been able to largely eliminate such false positives, however, providing the ability to quickly identify and locate repairs that need to be done.

In simple wiring systems visual inspection can lead to finding the fault location, but in complex wiring systems, for instance aircraft wiring, devices such as a time-domain reflectometer are helpful, even on live wires.

See also 
Arc flash
Arc-fault circuit interrupter
 Time-domain reflectometer

References 

Electronic engineering
Rusty Roberts. Rusty Roberts is the director of the Aerospace, Transportation and Advanced Systems Laboratory (ATAS) at the Georgia Tech Research Institute, a position he has held since April 2009.

Education
Roberts received a Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering from West Point in 1978, a Master of Science in electrical engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology in 1985, and a master of business administration in finance from Long Island University in 1987.

Career
Roberts started his career in the United States Army Signal Corps, where he spent 10 years. He then joined the Georgia Tech Research Institute in 1988 and spent 12 years as a program manager in the Systems Development Laboratory, which is now part of ATAS. Roberts was then the associate director for business development in GTRI's Information and Communications Laboratory for eight years, until his selection as director of ATAS.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
United States Military Academy alumni
United States Army officers
Georgia Tech alumni
American electrical engineers
Long Island University alumni
Georgia Tech faculty
Georgia Tech Research Institute people
Abdelfattah al-Banna. Abdelfattah al-Banna is a professor and stone monuments restoration specialist. He obtained his Ph.D. from Warsaw University in Engineering Geology and majored in restoration of historic buildings. He was engaged in studying the deterioration phenomena, their effective factors and treatments by the consolidation techniques of Karnak Temple at Luxor. He has been appointed as a restoration consultant in the Engineering Center for Archaeology & Environment, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, 1999. In addition, he shared the Risk Analysis Consultant position at the Egyptian Antiquities Information System (EAIS), North South Consultants Exchange (NSCE), Supreme Council of Antiquities (SCA), 2003. For the time being he is appointed as the vice director of the Centre of Monuments Conservation, Manuscripts and Museum Objects.

In July, 2011 he was appointed as Egypt's Minister of Antiquities, he was one of many new appointments announced by Prime Minister at the time, Essam Sharaf. He was nominated for Minister of Antiquities (Egypt) and days later withdrew his nomination.

References 

Living people
Egyptian politicians
Year of birth missing (living people)
Broad Group. Broad Group is a private manufacturer of central air conditioning non-electric absorption chillers that are powered by natural gas and waste heat based in Changsha, China. It is also the parent company of Broad Sustainable Building, a prefab building company. The company was established in 1996 and exports products to over 60 countries.

History

1988–1992: The early years
Zhang Yue founded Broad in 1988, registering the company in Chenzhou, Hunan province. Using his savings of $3000, Broad developed industrial boilers based on Zhang's patented design. In the 1980s, most domestically manufactured boilers were of poor quality and had high risk of exploding, while Broad's did not.

1992–2005: Move to Changsha and rise
In 1992, the company was moved to Changsha and began manufacturing absorption chillers. At the time, the government provided incentives for non-electric chillers to relieve strain on the national electricity grid, contributing to the company's rise as it became the global leader in absorption chiller by sales in 1996; it entered the international market in 1998 and today, its sales in domestic and international markets split evenly.

In 2015, BSB built a 57-storey Mini Sky City that stands at a height of 204 m. The construction of the tower took just 19 days. The Tower was built using pre-manufactured steel modules which are also going to be used in construction of the Sky City One.

Innovations
Invented in 2009, the BSB achieves high energy efficiency and carbon reduction primarily through thermal insulation, preventing cool air from leaving indoors and hot air from coming in from outdoors when the weather is hot and vice versa when the weather is cold, and requires short construction time since parts are pre-fabricated in factories and assembled onsite. BSB has also been tested to be able to resist a 9.0 magnitude earthquake and was recommended in a United Nations Environment Program report on the rebuilding of Sichuan after its catastrophic earthquake in 2008.

Environmental record
In May 2011, Broad's founder and chairman, Zhang Yue, was awarded the Champions of the Earth Award (Entrepreneurial Vision Category) by the United Nations Environment Programme for Broad's commitment to climate change. It was one of the ten companies to be recognized by the BusinessWeek Greener China Business Awards in 2009. It was also named one of the "20 Most Admired Companies in China" in 2001, ’02, ’04, and ’05 by China's Economic Observer and Peking University.

References

External links

 Official US site

Construction and civil engineering companies of China
Companies based in Changsha
Manufacturing companies established in 1988
Chinese companies established in 1988
Sustainable building
Chinese brands
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1988
Hegy R.C.H.I. El Chuparosa. The Hegy "El Chuparosa" () is a homebuilt, enclosed-cockpit biplane that was designed in the early 1950s.

Design and development
The aircraft was designed to be a low-cost, high performance aircraft. The Ray Hegy design used full size wall drawings and wooden mock-ups. The aircraft was started in February 1950 and finished in May 1959 with the prototype displayed at the Rockford EAA Fly-In in 1960.

"El Chuparosa" is a single place biplane featuring a short fuselage with a tail swept to a sharp tip. The fuselage cross section was based on the Heath Parasol design. The fuselage was constructed from welded steel tubing, with wooden wing spars from a J-3 Cub, the ailerons were made from 1929 Douglas O-38 rudders and the engine cheeks cowlings were made from Fairchild 24 wheelpants. The cockpit is enclosed.

Operational history
The prototype "El Chuparosa" was donated to the EAA Airventure Museum in Oshkosh, Wisconsin on August 14, 1977.

Specifications (Hegy R.C.H.I. “El Chuparosa”)

See also

References

External links

El Chuparosa at Oshkosh 1970

Homebuilt aircraft
Eurofly FB5 Star Light. The Eurofly FB5 Star Light is a single engine kit built Italian ultralight, seating two side by side. It first flew in the late 2000s.

Design and development

The latest in Eurofly's range of light aircraft, the Star Light is a conventionally laid out, single engine, low wing monoplane seating two side by side.  It is a kit built ultralight with a fabric covered metal frame, steel in the cockpit area and with alloy fuselage longerons.  The wings have constant chord and square tips; inboard flaps are fitted.  The fuselage is flat sided, though with a deep rounded decking which merges into the rear of the large, one piece cockpit canopy.  This decking tapers towards the tail where the tailplane, with swept leading edges and straight tips and carrying elevators with  straight trailing edges, is mounted on the top of the fuselage. The fin has a similar shape to the tailplane, though the rudder hinge and trailing edge are also slightly swept.  The rudder extends to the bottom of the fuselage, moving in a cut-out between the elevators.

The Star Light can be powered by one of two variants of the Rotax 912 flat four piston engines: either the 60 kW (80 hp) UL or the 73.5 kW (99 hp) ULS. It has a fixed tricycle undercarriage, with mainwheels spring mounted from the fuselage and a castoring nosewheel. The landing gear is fabricated from Zicral alloy bars to provide adequate suspension. Wheel fairings may be fitted.

Operational history

At least 12 Star Lights were operational in Italy by mid-2010.  Another has been on the Spanish register since early 2009.

Specifications (FB5 Star Light)

References

External links

Star Light
2000s Italian sport aircraft
G.988. OMCI or ITU-T Recommendation G.988 defines a management and control interface for optical network units (ONU). It comprises one recommendation:

Recommendation ITU-T G.988 specifies the optical network unit (ONU) management and control interface (OMCI) for optical access networks. 

Recommendation ITU-T G.988 specifies the managed entities (MEs) of a protocol-independent management information base (MIB) that models the exchange of information between an optical line termination (OLT) and an ONU. In addition, it covers the ONU management and control channel, protocol and detailed messages.
 G.988, ONU management and control interface (OMCI) specification, 2010.

References

ITU-T recommendations
ITU-T G Series Recommendations
Scheibe Zugvogel. The Scheibe Zugvogel () is a West German, high-wing, single-seat, FAI Open Class glider that was produced by Scheibe Flugzeugbau. The first version was designed by Rudolph Kaiser and subsequent versions by Egon Scheibe.

Design and development
The Zugvogel was designed with the goal of a simple and inexpensive, but high performance, open class competition glider, with quick assembly. It was developed through several variants before production ended after 100 had been completed.

The aircraft is of mixed construction, with a welded steel tube fuselage covered in doped aircraft fabric covering, wooden framed tail surfaces covered in fabric and wooden wings. The  span wing uses a NACA 63-616 airfoil at the wing root, changing to a NACA 63-614 section at the wing tip. The wing uses dive brakes for glidepath control. The nose is covered with fibreglass. The landing gear is a fixed monowheel.

The Zugvogel IIIB was type certified in the United States on 6 May 1964. Zugvogel IIIAs operated in the US are in the Experimental - Racing/Exhibition category.

Operational history
US glider pilot Helen Dick set a number of US national feminine single-place records in her Zugvogel IIIB between 1964 and 1967. These included a distance of , distance to goal of  and an out and return distance of .

In July 2011 there were three Zugvogel IIIAs and two IIIBs registered with the US Federal Aviation Administration and two Zugvogel IIIAs and four  IIIBs registered with the British Civil Aviation Authority.

Variants
Zugvogel I
Initial version
Zugvogel II
Improved version
Zugvogel III
Improved version
Zugvogel IIIA
 wingspan, 37.8:1 glide ratio.
Zugvogel IIIB
Similar to the IIIA, but with a shallower fuselage.
Zugvogel IV
Zugvogel IVA
Scheibe SF-27 Zugvogel V
FAI Standard Class development
Loravia LCA-10 Topaze
Loravia LCA-11 Topaze

Aircraft on display

Deutsches Segelflugmuseum

Specifications (Zugvogel IIIA)

See also

References

External links

1950s German sailplanes
Zugvogel
Glider aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1954
Jastreb Vuk-T. The FAJ Jastreb Vuk-T often called Vuk (Serbian:Vuk - Wolf) is a Standard Class single-seat high-performance glider, intended for transition training, designed and built in the Yugoslavia from the late 1970s.

Design and development

Designed by Prof. Dr. Tomislav Dragović at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Aero Engineering Institute, University of Belgrade, the Vuk-T was manufactured by FAJ Jastreb in Vršac entirely from fiberglass. After manufacture the gliders were first tested by the JRV and JNA before donation to state-sponsored aero clubs across the country.

Permitted to do the following aerobatic manoeuvres: loop, stall turn, steep turn and spin, the Vuk-t is popular in flying clubs because it reminds club members about free flying, the free donation of planes to clubs by the army and general Yugoslavian nostalgia. The majority of surviving Vuk-t gliders fly with aero-clubs with few aircraft in private ownership and are expected to have a long life due to the high structural strength and ease of maintenance.

One peculiar attribute of the VUK-T can be characterized by a whistling sound when flying, often described as the howl of a wolf, (vuk meaning wolf in some languages used by peoples of the former Yugoslavia).

Specifications (Vuk-T)

Notes

References

External links
Vuk-T Handbook (in Serbian)

Glider aircraft
1970s Yugoslav sailplanes
T-tail aircraft
Fes railway station. The Fes Railway Station is the main station in the Moroccan city of Fes. While there are secondary stations for local connections, this station serves long-distance mainline trains.

Rail network

Fes lies on the east–west mainline in northern Morocco and offers direct connections to Oujda and Nador in the east, Tangier in the north, and via transfer at Meknes, the main northwest line to Rabat, Casablanca, and Marrakech.

Electrification
A part of the Moroccan mainline network is electrified. On the west-to-east mainline, Fes is the endpoint of the electrified tracks. Trains to and from Taourirt, Oujda, and Nador are powered by diesel locomotives, while trains from the west terminating in Fes or heading to Tangier use electric locomotives.

Connections
There are four trains per day from Nador to Fes, with the same frequency from Oujda. One of the daily trains to and from Oujda is a hotel train offering only couchette places, with couchette tickets available on all night trains. Travel time from Fes to Nador is approximately 6 hours, and to Oujda, about 5.5 hours.

The Fes-Meknes-Rabat route, continuing to Casablanca, is by far the busiest long-distance line, with 18 daily trains, 8 of which continue from Casablanca to Marrakech. The journey to Marrakech railway station takes approximately 8.5 hours.

Modernising
The Office National des Chemins de Fer (ONCF), the state company operating the railways, invests significant resources into modernising the network. The stations in Marrakech and Fes have been rebuilt in recent years, and the Taourirt-Nador branch line was constructed between 2006 and 2009. A bypass is also being constructed around the city of Meknes to allow some trains to bypass the city.

Additionally, a high-speed line is being built between Tangier and Casablanca, as part of the Kenitra–Tangier high-speed rail line, though this service will not stop at Fes.

References

External links
ONCF.ma

Railway stations in Morocco opened in 2009
railway
Geoffrey Davey. Geoffrey Innes Davey, KCGS, CBE (27 November 1906 – 12 February 1975) was an Australian civil engineer and priest.

Davey was born at Double Bay, Sydney to English-born law clerk Joseph Innes Davey and his wife, Caroline (née Hurley). He attended Marist Brothers' High School in Darlinghurst and then the University of Sydney, receiving a Bachelor of Engineering in 1929. After graduating, he became an assistant construction engineer, working on the Woronora Dam for the Metropolitan Water, Sewerage and Drainage Board; he later began his own Queensland business manufacturing roofing tiles. In 1933 he was in charge of mill installation at Port Kembla for Australian Iron and Steel Ltd and then worked in Papua and Tasmania. He married architect Elsa Annette Isabel Hazelton at St Mary's Cathedral, Sydney on 6 February 1935.

Davey and his partner Gerald Haskins formed GHD Group and worked on the Morning Star dam in Tasmania and in New South Wales before amalgamating with Gordon Gutteridge in 1939 and receiving Commonwealth contracts during World War II. In 1946 he contested the Australian House of Representatives, running unsuccessfully for the Liberal Party in Hume. One of the founders of the Association of Consulting Engineers, he was its president from 1956 to 1957 and a councillor of the Institution of Engineers in 1962 and 1964–65. In 1966 he was appointed CBE.

Davey had been appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of St Gregory the Great in 1960, and worked as an advisor to the Sydney Catholic schools system and a director of St Vincent's Hospital, as well as the Mater Misericordiae Hospital and the Catholic Weekly. He retired from his firm in 1964, becoming executive director of the Sydney Catholic Schools Building and Finance Commission. In 1967, a widower, he began studying theology at the Pontifical Beda College in Rome, and was ordained a priest by Cardinal Sir Norman Gilroy at Wahroonga on 10 July 1971 in a church designed by his late wife. He was sent to Strathfield as a curate.

He died at the presbytery there in 1975, aged 68, of a coronary occlusion and was interred at Mona Vale beside his wife.

References

1906 births
1975 deaths
Australian people of Irish descent
Australian civil engineers
20th-century Australian Roman Catholic priests
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Knights Commander of the Order of St Gregory the Great
University of Sydney alumni
20th-century Australian engineers
Trinitroanisole. Trinitroanisole is a chemical compound that exists as pale yellow crystals with a melting point of  68 °C. It is highly toxic. It is an explosive with a detonation velocity of 7200 meters per second. The compound's primary hazard is a blast of an instantaneous explosion, not flying projectiles or fragments.

Synthesis
Trinitroanisole was first prepared in 1849 by the French chemist Auguste Cahours by reacting p-anisic acid (French: acide anisique) with a mixture of sulfuric acid and fuming nitric acid.   

Trinitroanisole can be prepared by the reaction of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene with methanol in the presence of sodium hydroxide followed by the nitration of the resulting product. Alternatively, it can be prepared directly by the reaction of picryl chloride with methanol in the presence of sodium hydroxide.

Use 
Historically, trinitroanisole was used as a military explosive (e.g., Japanese  or German Trinol), having the advantage of being made from readily obtainable raw materials such as phenol. However, due to its toxicity and tendency to form picric acid and dangerous picrate salts, its use has largely been abandoned.

See also 

 2,4-Dinitroanisole

Notes

Explosive chemicals
Nitrobenzene derivatives
Applied Spectroscopy (journal). Applied Spectroscopy is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published monthly by the Society for Applied Spectroscopy, and it is also the official journal for this society. The editor-in-chief is Sergei G. Kazarian (Imperial College London). The journal covers applications of spectroscopy in analytical chemistry, materials science, biotechnology, and chemical characterization.

The journal is a continuation of Bulletin of the Society for Applied Spectroscopy (), which was first published in February 1946. This title continued until July 1951. The frequency of this publication varied between 1951 and 1991. Then in 1992 it became a monthly journal.

Aims and Scope 
The journal seeks to be comprehensive in scope, with its primary aim the publication of papers on both the fundamentals and applications of photon-based spectroscopy. These include, but are not limited to, ultraviolet-visible absorption, fluorescence and phosphorescence, mid-infrared, Raman, near-infrared, terahertz, and microwave, and atomic absorption, atomic emission, and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopies (and ICP-MS), as well as cutting-edge hyphenated and interdisciplinary techniques.

Fundamental topics include, but are not restricted to, the theory of optical spectra and their interpretation, instrumentation design, and operational principles. Reports of spectral processing methodologies such as 2D correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS), baseline correction, and chemometric methods applied to spectra are also strongly encouraged.

Application papers are intended to feature novel, innovative applications of spectroscopic methods and techniques. Papers from all fields of scientific endeavor in which applied spectroscopy can be utilized will be considered for publication. Representative fields include chemistry, physics, biological and health sciences, environmental science, materials science, archeology and art conservation, and forensic science.

In addition to full papers, the journal publishes Rapid Communications, Spectroscopic Techniques, Notes, and Correspondence related to previously published papers. A regular feature of the journal, Focal Point Reviews, provides definitive, comprehensive reviews of spectroscopic techniques and applications and is available as open access.

Abstracting and indexing
This journal is abstracted and indexed in:
Academic Search
BIOSIS Previews
Chemical Abstracts Service/CASSI
Current Contents/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences
Science Citation Index
MEDLINE

References

External links 
 

Spectroscopy journals
Materials science journals
English-language journals
Academic journals established in 1946