omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
International Aircraft. International Aircraft Corporation was an American 1920s aircraft manufacturer located in Ancor near Newtown, Ohio.

History

Foundation in California
The Catron and Fisk Company was founded in California in 1909 by Edwin M. Fisk and J.W. Catron. In February 1927, the company was reorganized as the International Aircraft Corporation. However, the corporation was forced to move after its factory in Long Beach was unable to keep up with demand. At the time of its move, the company had 80 airplanes on order, but could only build six a week. The vacated factory building would later be leased by the Courier Aircraft Company.

Move to Ohio
In 1927, the company was purchased by a group of Cincinnatians, and moved to a former federal government nitrate plant near Newtown, Ohio. Production commenced even before the factory was formally dedicated on 12 May 1928, with the first airplane rolling out on April 7. Later in May, construction was started on a new steel hangar at the site. In August, the company delivered newly completed aircraft by train for the first time. The company entered two airplanes in the 1928 National Air Tour. By October, it had contracted with the newly created Dawson Aircraft Corporation in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania for the latter to act as a distributor. However, the company rejected a follow-up offer by the Pittsburgh Chamber of Commerce to move the factory there. By that point aircraft production had ended. A plan proposed in December called for the company to be reorganized as a Delaware corporation owned by a group of investors led by C. B. Morganthaler.

Move to Michigan
The company was purchased by interests in Jackson, Michigan in May 1929. Land was purchased at Reynolds Field and plans were announced for a new 22-passenger trimotor airliner in addition to the company's existing aircraft. However, operations in Cincinnati were resumed in June and planned to continue until the new plant in Michigan was completed.

Following the sale, president Clarence E. Ogden carried out a series of lawsuits concerning the naming of a company receiver and disposition of various company airplanes.

To promote their new company, a women's air endurance record attempt was suggested. To this end, participation from famous aviatrixes Louise Thaden and Blanche Noyes was solicited.

Aircraft

See also
 Aeronca Aircraft
 Metal Aircraft Corporation

References

Notes

Bibliography

 The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982–1985), 1985, Orbis Publishing, Page 2213
 

Aviation in Ohio
Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the United States
International F-17 Sportsman. The International F-17 Sportsman was a 1920s American three-seat open-cockpit biplane designed and manufactured by the International Aircraft Corporation in Long Beach, California and Cincinnati, Ohio. 107 aircraft were built, 77 of them at Cincinnati.

In 1928, a Sportsman won the "On to Dallas" race.

Variants
Data from:
F-17 Sportsmanpowered by a  Curtiss OX-5 water-cooled V-8 or  Dayton Bear air-cooled 4-cylinder in-line engine.

F-17H Sportsman powered by,  Wright-Hisso E, Siemens-Halske, Dayton Bear or Curtiss K-6 engines.

F-17H Mailman A single seat air mail carrier / cargo version of the 17H.

F-17W Sportsmanpowered by a   Wright J-5

Operators

 Airads
 Anderson Airlines
 Cherry-Red Airlines
 Crescent Air Services
 Galt Union High School

Specifications (F-17)

References

Further reading

 

1920s United States civil utility aircraft
Biplanes
International F-18 Air-Coach. The International F-18 Air Coach was a 1920s American biplane transport that was designed and manufactured by the International Aircraft Corporation in Long Beach, California. The company stopped manufacturing F-18's by 1928 and sold its rights to the aircraft in 1931.

Only six F-18's were ever built.  One these aircraft, Miss Hollydale, was entered to fly in the 1927 Dole Air Race between Northern California and Hawaii, but the pilot withdrew from the competition before it began.

The F-18 initially had a cabin for four passengers and an open cockpit with side-by-side seating for a pilot and a fifth passenger. Later versions had an enclosed cabin. It was furnished with seat covers made by Cincinnati Auto Specialty Company.

Operators

 Airads
 Burdette Airlines
 Coast Airlines

Specifications (F-18)

References

Notes

Bibliography

 The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982-1985), 1985, Orbis Publishing, Page 2213

1920s United States civil utility aircraft
Biplanes
1,2,3,4-Tetraphenylnaphthalene. 1,2,3,4-Tetraphenylnaphthalene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon commonly prepared in the undergraduate teaching laboratory as an introduction to the Diels-Alder reaction, in this case between benzyne, which acts as the dienophile, (generated in situ) and tetraphenylcyclopentadienone, which acts as the diene. It has two crystalline forms, and therefore has two different melting points.

References

Naphthalenes
Cray XMS. The Cray XMS was a vector processor minisupercomputer sold by Cray Research from 1990 to 1991. The XMS was originally designed by Supertek Computers Inc. as the Supertek S-1, intended to be a low-cost air-cooled clone of the Cray X-MP with a CMOS re-implementation of the X-MP processor architecture, and a VMEbus-based Input/Output Subsystem (IOS). The XMS could run Cray's UNICOS operating system. Supertek were acquired by Cray Research in 1990, and the S-1 was rebadged XMS by Cray. Its processor had a 55 ns clock period (18.2 MHz clock frequency) and 16 megawords (128 MB) of memory.

The CRAY XMS system was the first CRI computer system to be supported by removable disk drives.

Serial 5011, on display, was used for marketing purposes in the Eastern Region. It traveled for over 80,000 miles during its short working life and appeared at many trade shows.

The XMS was a short-lived model, and was superseded by the Cray Y-MP EL, which was under development by Supertek (as the Supertek S-2 and briefly as the Cray YMS) at the time of the Cray acquisition.

Though powerful for its time, the CRAY XMS only had half the processing power of Microsoft's original Xbox gaming console.

References

 Fred Gannett's Cray FAQ
 Chippewa Falls Museum of Industry & Technology: Cray Computer Systems
  Cray in Deal To Acquire Supertek, New York Times

Computer-related introductions in 1990
Xms
Vector supercomputers
64-bit computers
Supertek Computers. Supertek Computers Inc. was a computer company founded in Santa Clara, California in 1985 by Mike Fung, an ex-Hewlett-Packard project manager, with the aim of designing and selling low-cost minisupercomputers compatible with those from Cray Research.

Its first product was the Supertek S-1, a compact, air-cooled, CMOS clone of the Cray X-MP vector processor supercomputer running the CTSS (Cray Time Sharing System) operating system, and later a version of Unix. This was launched in 1989; although Supertek had raised US$21.4 million in venture capital, only $5 million of this was needed to develop the S-1. Only ten units were sold before Supertek was acquired by Cray Research in 1990. The S-1 was subsequently sold for a brief time by Cray as the Cray XMS.

At the time of the acquisition the Supertek S-2, a clone of the Cray Y-MP, was under development. This was eventually launched as the Cray Y-MP EL in 1992.

References 

Cray
1985 establishments in California
1990 disestablishments in California
American companies established in 1985
American companies disestablished in 1990
Companies based in Santa Clara, California
Computer companies established in 1985
Computer companies disestablished in 1990
Defunct companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area
Defunct computer companies based in California
Defunct computer companies of the United States
Defunct computer hardware companies
Technology companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area
Vector supercomputers
Dodrill–GMR. The Dodrill–GMR machine was the first operational mechanical heart successfully used while performing open heart surgery.  It was developed by Forest Dewey Dodrill, a surgeon at Harper University Hospital in Detroit, and General Motors Research.

On July 3, 1952, 41-year-old Henry Opitek suffering from shortness of breath made medical history at Harper University Hospital in Michigan. The Dodrill–GMR heart machine, considered by some to be the first operational mechanical heart was successfully used while performing heart surgery. The machine performs the functions of the heart, allowing doctors to detour blood and stop the heart of a patient during an operation. The machine is external of the body and is only used during an operation. Dodrill, a surgeon at Wayne State University's Harper Hospital in Detroit, developed the machine with funding from The American Heart Association and volunteer engineers from General Motors.

The machine had two sides, each one working as a half of a human heart. Each side had multiple pumps, consisting of a glass cylinder with two valves and a pneumatically operated finger cot, that acted as a membrane pump.

Dodrill used the machine in 1952 to bypass Henry Opitek’s left ventricle for 50 minutes while he opened the patient's left atrium and worked to repair the mitral valve. In Dodrill’s post operative report he notes, “To our knowledge, this is the first instance of survival of a patient when a mechanical heart mechanism was used to take over the complete body function of maintaining the blood supply of the body while the heart was open and operated on".

External links
50th Anniversary of First Open Heart Surgery
DMC Harper University Hospital

References

Medical equipment
Wayne State University
Barry Trimmer. Barry Andrew Trimmer is an American scientist, and the Henry Bromfield Pearson Professor of Natural Sciences at Tufts University. In addition to his primary appointment in the Department of Biology he holds secondary appointments in Biomedical Engineering and in Neuroscience at the Tufts Graduate School of Biomedical Science. His research primarily focuses on neurobiology, biomechanics / neuromechanics and soft-bodied locomotion.

Biography
Trimmer was born in  England and received both his B.A. and Ph.D. from Cambridge University, concentrating in neurobiology. He was a Harkness Fellow at Harvard Medical School, and a Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of California Berkeley and the University of Oregon before joining Tufts University as an Assistant Professor in 1990. He is director of the Neuromechanics and Biomimetic Devices Laboratory at Tufts University.

His research focus is on the Neuromechanics of Locomotion, the science of how animals control their movements. In addition to his work on living systems, Professor Trimmer specializes in the application of found biological principles to the design and fabrication of Soft Robots. Dr. Trimmer is also Editor in Chief of the journal Soft Robotics. His lab designs and builds a variety of soft robots that are used to test hypotheses about locomotion and to explore new types of control systems. His interests in living systems and robots converge in his recent research that seeks to "grow" robotic devices using a combination of biosynthetic materials, cellular modulation, and tissue engineering. These Biosynthetic Robots will be versatile, safe, biocompatible and biodegradable. Trimmer and his Tufts colleague David L. Kaplan gained international attention in 2007 upon successfully creating the world's first soft-bodied robot. The robot, or SoftBot, is composed of silicone elastomers and resembles a tobacco hornworm, a caterpillar that Trimmer has studied since 1990.

Barry A. Trimmer: List of Published Work:

Footnotes

External links
Tufts Biomimetic Devices Laboratory (BDL)

Harkness Fellows
Tufts University faculty
Living people
21st-century American biologists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Farman F.160. 

The Farman F.160 was a heavy bomber aircraft developed in France in the late 1920s. It was essentially an attempt by Farman Aviation Works to modernise its tremendously successful F.60 Goliath design of the immediately postwar years. The most noticeable external difference was the larger tailfin of the new aircraft. Like its predecessor, it was a large three-bay biplane of conventional configuration with unstaggered wings of equal span. Initially conceived as a heavy night bomber, most examples built were float-equipped torpedo bombers for the Aéronautique Maritime, which operated some 40 of the F.165 variant and 200 of the F.168. One of the original F.160 night bombers was exported to Italy, and one to Japan. Plans to develop airliner versions did not progress past the prototype stage.

Variants
F.160 Four-seat night bomber with two  Farman 12We engines, designated F.160 BN.4 by Aviation Militaire.
F.161 One airliner with 2x  Gnome-Rhône 9Akx engines and one bomber similar to the F.160, powered by 2x  Farman 12Wers engines.
F.162 One prototype airliner with 2x  Gnome-Rhône 9Akx engines.
F.163 Airliner with 2x  Gnome-Rhône 9Aa engines.
F.165 Seaplane torpedo bomber with 2x Gnome-Rhône 9A  or 9Aa engines.
F.166 2x  Salmson 9Ab engines.
F.167 Seaplane torpedo bomber with 2x  Gnome-Rhône 9Aa engines.
F.168 Seaplane torpedo bomber with Gnome-Rhône 9Akx engines; main production version, 200 built.
F.169 Improved airliner version with Gnome-Rhône 9Akx engines.
F.268 One F.168 fitted with 2x supercharged  Salmson 18 Abs engines.
F.269 One F.169 fitted with floats and modified wings as a sesquiplane seaplane.
F.368 One F.168 re-engined with 2x  Gnome-Rhône 9Kbrs engines.

Operators

French Navy

one aircraft only.

One aircraft only.

Royal Romanian Air Force

Specifications (F.168)

References

External links

 

1920s French bomber aircraft
F.0160
Farman F.190. The Farman F.190 was a utility aircraft built in France in the 1920s and 1930s. It was a high-wing, strut-braced monoplane of conventional configuration with a fully enclosed cabin and fixed, tailskid undercarriage. Popular both as a private aircraft and in the air taxi role, some 30 examples were also operated by  airlines in France and elsewhere in Europe. Fifteen of these joined Air France's fleet in 1933 from the fleets of the smaller airlines it had absorbed.

A dedicated air ambulance version was built as the F.197S (for "Sanitaire") with provision for two litters and an attendant.

In 1932, a version with a slightly enlarged cabin, revised tail fin, and four-blade propeller entered production as the Farman F.390.

Variants

Data from: Aviafrance 
F.190main production version with a  Gnome et Rhône 5Ba engine, 57 built.
F.191Powered by a  Gnome et Rhône 5Bc for long distance flying, one built for a customer in Portugal.
F.192version with a  Salmson 9Ab engine, 22 built.

F.192/1version with a  Salmson 9Aba engine, 2 built.

F.193version with a  Farman 9Ea engine, 22 built.

F.193/1version with a  Farman 9Ebr engine, one built.

F.194version with a  Hispano-Suiza 6Mb engine, 4 built.

F.195version with a  Salmson 9Ab engine, 6 built for Venezuela.

F.196version with a  Gnome & Rhône 7Kb engine, one built.

F.197version with a   Lorraine 7Me Mizar engine, 9 built.

F.197Sair ambulance version of F.197
F.198version with a  Renault 9Pa engine, 2 built.

F.199version with a  Lorraine 9Na Algol engine, 6 built.

F.390version with a  Farman 7Ear engine, 6 built.

F.391version with a  Farman 9Ecr engine, 4 built.

F.392version with a  Farman 7Ear engine, 4 built.

F.393version with a  Farman 9Ecr engine, 11 built.

Operators

Civil operators

Air Afrique
Air France
Air Orient
Air Union
CIDNA
Cie Transafricaine d'Aviation
 Lignes Farman

 Aero Club of Lithuania - 1 plane (F.393), Reg. No. LY-LRK

SPELA

LARES

Aeroput

Military operators

Brazilian Air Force

Ethiopian Air Force

Portuguese Air Force

  Spanish Republic
 Spanish Republican Air Force

Venezuelan Air Force

Uruguayan Air Force

Specifications (F.190)

References

Bibliography

 
 
 

1920s French civil utility aircraft
F.0190
High-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1928
Farman F.200. The Farman F.200 was a civil utility aircraft produced in France in the 1930s. Derived from the F.190, it featured a revised fuselage that did away with its predecessor's enclosed cabin. Instead, it was a parasol-wing monoplane with open cockpits in tandem for the pilot and one or two passengers. Intended primarily as a trainer, it was also marketed as being suitable as a photographic platform or a mail plane.

Variants

F.200 (1923) An unrelated earlier use of the designation for a small two-seat touring aircraft.
F.200version with  Salmson 9Ac engine.
F.201version with  Hispano-Suiza 6Pa engine.
F.202version with  Salmson 9Ac engine.
F.203version with  Lorraine 5Pc engine.
F.204version with  Lorraine 5Pb engine.
F.205version with  Hispano-Suiza 6Pa engine.
F.206similar to F.202, but with an enclosed cabin, powered with a  Salmson 9Ac engine.

Specifications (F.200)

References

Bibliography

External links

 
 aviafrance.com

F.0200
1920s French civil utility aircraft
Parasol-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1929
TestPartner. TestPartner is a GUI software testing tool from Micro Focus that is intended to enable software development project teams to functionally automate and test application graphical user interfaces, with the goal of being able to accomplish more application testing in a given amount of time than could be performed manually.

On 6 May 2009, Micro Focus announced the purchase of the Quality Solutions part of Compuware which included TestPartner. Borland acquired the rights and support of TestPartner as Silk Test Partner, but the product has been discontinued in favor of Silk Test and will continue to provide support only.

Methods
TestPartner provides two primary methods for functional test development:
Code-oriented development using Microsoft Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), which has been licensed from Microsoft.  With VBA users have access to a rich integrated development environment (IDE) that provides the core VisualBasic application libraries, as well as all of the capabilities inherent in VBA (debugging, error handling, ability to reference public libraries, etc.).  Compuware TestPartner also provides a predefined library of VBA-based functionality specifically intended for use in functional test automation.
A visual storyboard-based environment for developing functional test automation.  This interface has been termed a "Visual Navigator" in the product literature.  This capability provides users with a Screen Preview (screenshot of application screen being automated), a list of test automation steps being performed against the Screen, and a Storyboard which provides the context of a series of test steps against multiple screen previews.  This approach also provides users with access to a standard test automation functionality, as well as the ability to add various types of test logic, variabilization, etc.

References

External links 

 MicroFocus TestPartner
 TestPartner SQAForums Discussion Room
 Ovum Analyst Report regarding Compuware, including TestPartner
 / Micro Focus TestPartner data sheet
 Micro Focus TestPartner documentation page
 Micro Focus TestPartner community page
 Gartner Application Quality Magic Quadrant citation
 Articles on TestPartner

Graphical user interface testing
Micro Focus International
IL2CPU. IL2CPU (IL To CPU) is an ahead-of-time (AOT) compiler for .NET that is written using one of its Common Intermediate Language compliant languages (C#). It translates Common Intermediate Language to bare metal machine code. IL2CPU is the primary compilation component of the Cosmos Project, and is developed by the same team.

History
IL2CPU was created in 2005 by the Cosmos team. It was originally designed for the .NET Framework, but has since been upgraded to .NET Core, which is now known as just .NET.

, it is planned to be superseded by .NET's native ahead-of-time (AOT) compiler, NativeAOT, however it is still in active development.

Technical details
IL2CPU is a console program invoked by the Cosmos build process. It takes in a dynamic link library (DLL) file, systematically scans its opcodes and outputs x86 instructions to be consumed by one of Cosmos's output methods, e.g. to create an ISO disk image file or to be booted over the network via PXE.

See also 

 Cosmos
 .NET
 Mono
 Bartok
 Open CIL JIT

External links 
 

Free software programmed in C Sharp
Free and open source compilers
Beta software
MJF (disambiguation). Maxwell Jacob Friedman (MJF) is an American professional wrestler.

MJF may also refer to:

 Madheshi Jana Adhikar Forum, Nepal (Madhesi People's Rights Forum, Nepal), former political party in Nepal (2007–2015)
 Madheshi Jana Adhikar Forum, Nepal (Loktantrik), former political party in Nepal (2009–2017)
 MJF Holdings, holding company of Dilmah tea company in Sri Lanka
 Mosjøen Airport (IATA: MJF), an airport in Kjærstad, Norway
 Multi-jet fusion, a technique used in 3D printing
PTD. PTD may refer to:

Law
Permanent total disability, in insurance law
Pre-trial diversion, in criminal justice
Protected trust deed, in Scottish bankruptcy law

Science, technology and mathematics
Pathfinder Technology Demonstrator, ongoing NASA missions to test miniaturized satellites
Peak–trough difference, of an oscillating curve
Poloidal–toroidal decomposition, in vector calculus
Pre-term delivery, a human birth under 37 weeks gestation
PTD-DBM, a synthetic peptide to reverse hair loss
Pre-Thread Data file, in Microsoft's .NET Framework

Other uses
Participatory technology development, in international agriculture programs
 or the Dominican Workers' Party
 Potsdam Municipal Airport, New York, US (FAA LID:PTD)
Post travel depression, a mood disorder
Prevention through design, in occupational health and safety
XD engine. XD engine is a technology used In LG HDTVs to enhance picture quality. In addition to providing standard features such as Deinterlacing and upscaling, it also provides three user selectable enhancements.

XD Contrast

This feature attempts to increase the black levels and brightness of various aspects of the picture.

XD Color

This alters and enhances color tones.

XD Noise reduction

Provides analog and MPEG noise reduction.

References

High-definition television
Mulch-till. In agriculture, mulch tillage (or mulch-till) is a seeding method where a hundred percent of the soil surface is disturbed by tillage, crop residues are mixed with the soil and a certain amount of residues remain on the soil surface. A great variety of cultivator implements are used to perform mulch-till. The method falls under the umbrella term of conservation tillage in the United States.

Mulch is material to regulate heat.  This is done by covering it with any material like wood chips, straw, leaves or food waste.

References

Further reading
 Mulch-till – High Intensity Residue and Tillage Management – Irrigated Cropland, USDA – NRCS Conservation Practice Job Sheet ID- 345, JS- 19
 USDA – NRCS Tillage Practice Guide
 USDA – NRCS Residue Management Mulch-till, Alabama Guide Sheet AL 329B
 USDA – NRCS Residue Management Mulch-till, Conservation Practice Job Sheet PA345

External links

Sustainable agriculture