omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Three roll mill. A three roll mill or triple roll mill is a machine that uses shear force created by three horizontally positioned rolls rotating in opposite directions and different speeds relative to each other, in order to mix, refine, disperse, or homogenize viscous materials fed into it.

The three-roll mill has proven to be the most successful of the range of roll mills which saw extensive development in the 19th century. These included the single-roll mill and the five-roll mill.  The single-roll mill works by material passing between the roll and a fixed bar pressing against the roll.  The five-roll mill incorporates four successively smaller in-running nips and hence, compared to the three-roll mill, allows the use of larger agglomerates as part of the input material- but is correspondingly more complicated and expensive.

Operation of a three roll mill 

The three adjacent rolls of a three roll mill (called the feed roll, centre roll and apron roll) rotate at progressively higher speeds. Material, usually in the form of paste, is fed between the feed roll and the center roll. Due to the narrowing space between the rolls, most of the paste initially remains in the feed region. The part that makes it through the first in-running nip experiences very high shear force due to the different rotation speeds of the two rolls. Upon exiting, the material that remains on the center roll moves through the second nip between the center roll and apron roll.  This subjects it to an even higher shear force, due to the higher speed of the apron roll and typically, a smaller gap than between the feed and centre rolls.  A knife blade then scrapes the processed material off the apron roll and the paste rolls down the apron. This milling cycle can be repeated several times to maximize dispersion.

The gaps between the rolls can be mechanically or hydraulically adjusted and maintained. Typically, the gap distance is far greater than the particle size. In some operations, the gap distance is gradually decreased to achieve the desired level of dispersion.  The rollers are normally internally water-cooled.

Application 

Three roll mills are widely used to mix printing inks, electronic thick film inks, high performance ceramics, cosmetics, plastisols, carbon/graphite, paints, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, glass coatings, dental composites, pigment, coatings, adhesives, sealants, and foods. With the recent development in technology, they are also utilized in the production of cable cover, electronics, soap, and artificial plastics.

Small bench models are used for bench-top development work, laboratory work, and low volume production. Larger bench and floor models are built to meet different production needs from pilot plants to large volume productions.

Particular advantages of this process are that it allows high-viscosity pastes to be milled, and that the high surface contact with the cooled rollers allow the temperature to remain low despite the high amount of dispersion work being put in.  A notable disadvantage is that the large open area of paste on the rollers causes loss of volatiles.

References 

Industrial machinery
École supérieure de chimie organique et minérale. École Supérieure de Chimie Organique et Minérale (ESCOM) is a French grande école located in Compiègne, France. It is a private school founded in 1957.

Students graduate with a master's degree in chemical engineering, with emphasis on the study of organic and inorganic chemistry. Work experience in the field, materialized by internships within corporate or research environments, is required from students throughout their curriculum..

In September 1991, ESCOM relocated from Paris to Cergy-Pontoise and in September 2008, it moved again to Compiègne.

References

External links
Official website

Chemical industry in France
Compiègne
Educational institutions established in 1957
1957 establishments in France
Punj Lloyd. Punj Lloyd Limited is an Indian Engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) company providing services for energy, infrastructure and defense sectors. The company's operations are spread across the Middle East and Africa, Asia Pacific, South Asia and Europe. The group includes over 50 subsidiaries and has executed many projects in more than 60 countries. The company is headquartered in Gurgaon, Haryana and its stocks are listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and National Stock Exchange (NSE).

History
The foundation of the company was laid by its chairman Atul Punj in 1982 when he started the pipeline division of his family business, Punj Sons Private Limited. He later incorporated it into Punj Lloyd Engineering private limited. The company was rechristened to its current name in 1989.

Subsidiary companies
Major subsidiaries of Punj Lloyd include:
 PLN Construction Ltd, India
 Punj Lloyd Infrastructure Ltd, India
 PL Engineering Ltd, India
 Dayim Punj Lloyd Construction Contracting Co. Ltd., Saudi Arabia
 Khagaria Purnea Highway Project Ltd, India
 PT Punj Lloyd, Indonesia
 Punj Lloyd, Kazakhstan
 Punj Lloyd Pte Ltd, Singapore
 Punj Lloyd Infrastructure Pte. Ltd, Singapore
 Punj Lloyd Oil & Gas Sdn. Bhd., Malaysia
 Punj Lloyd Sdn. Bhd., Malaysia
 Punj Lloyd Building & Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd, Sri Lanka
 Indraprastha Renewables Pvt Ltd, India
 Punj Lloyd Aviation Limited, India
 Dayawanti Punj Model School (CSR), Sitamarhi, Bhadohi, Uttar Pradesh, India 

Other group companies of Punj Lloyd Group are:
 Aero Euro Engineering India Private Ltd, India
 PLE TCI Engenharia Ltda, Brazil
 PT Kekal Adidaya, Indonesia
 Air Works Engineering India Pvt. Ltd., India

References

External links
 Punj Lloyd Group website
 Punj Lloyd on BSE India
 Punj Lloyd IPO Analysis
Rigzone, article 'Punj Lloyd Group bags pipeline service contract for India's Mangla Project', 8 Jan 2009, retrieved 21 Jan 2009
 Punj Lloyd at Alacrastore

Construction and civil engineering companies of India
Companies based in Gurgaon
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1982
Indian companies established in 1982
1982 establishments in Haryana
Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India
Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange
SpaceTime (software). SpaceTime (also known as SpaceTime3D) was a 3D graphical user interface that displayed web pages in a 3d tabbed stack. When using search engines such as Google, for example, SpaceTime loads the first ten results as a stack of pages.

History
SpaceTime product debuted in beta on June 4, 2007. On the day of the release, the San Jose Mercury News noted that the software was "the most advanced 3-D navigation system I've seen", while TechCrunch commented that SpaceTime is "pure eye candy, sort of like Second Life meets Firefox."

The technology was later presented at the 2008 CES tradeshow.

Reception
The beta browser received mixed reviews. Katherine Boehret of The Wall Street Journal stated that "though I’ll still rely on Google for basic searches, visual search can save time and turn searching into a fun process." Jack M. Germain, of TechNewsWorld described how "SpaceTime delivers on its promise to save me time and provide a revolutionary online searching too" stating that "while I continue to use the 3-D searching environment, though, I am having more fun than I should at work." Edward N. Albro of PCWorld gave the beta browser a 2.5/5 stating that while its "visual results can make searches easier", that "for basic browsing, SpaceTime has no appeal" and that the browser was too "buggy and slow for basic browsing".

See also
 SearchMe
 AT&T Pogo
 Cooliris

Notes

References

External links
 
 SpaceTime3D Blog

Web browsers
Windows Internet software
Windows web browsers
Discontinued web browsers
Rolling Knolls Landfill. The Rolling Knolls Landfill is a landfill and Superfund site located in the Green Village section of Chatham Township in New Jersey. It is bordered on two sides by the Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge, and was formerly known as Miele's Dump, after owner Robert Miele.

Background
The Landfill is notable for being identified by the Environmental Protection Agency as a Superfund site. It was operated as a municipal landfill from the early 1930s until December 1968, during which time it handled municipal solid waste, as well as construction and demolition debris from neighboring communities.

"According to the EPA's Web site, soil samples collected in 1999 showed levels of metals, phthalates, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) that were above regulation norms.

Mercury and PCB releases were also observed in a surface water and sediment sample taken from a portion of the landfill located within the Great Swamp Wildlife Refuge, according to the EPA. Testing also showed "actual contamination of a terrestrial sensitive environment," and indicated potential exposure of nearby residents, the EPA says.

Cleanup
As of 2022, the EPA has submitted plans for remediation, but no cleanup has started at the site. It is estimated that site cleanup could be finished by 2026.

See also
Landfill in the United States

References

Landfills in the United States
Geography of Morris County, New Jersey
Superfund sites in New Jersey
Hohenzollern Locomotive Works. The Hohenzollern Locomotive Works (Aktiengesellschaft für Lokomotivbau Hohenzollern) was a German locomotive-building company which operated from 1872 to 1929. The Hohenzollern works was a manufacturer of standard gauge engines and about 400 fireless locomotives as well as diesel locomotives of various rail gauges.

The company was founded on 8 June 1872 in Grafenberg near Düsseldorf. The firm produced around 4,600 locomotives. After the increasingly critical situation in the German locomotive building industry around 1929 the works was closed in November 1929. The Hohenzollern AG had hoped in vain for follow-on orders for the DRG Class 80 from the Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft (DRG).

Locomotive number 80 030 in the Bochum-Dahlhausen Railway Museum was one of the last built by the Lokomotivbau Hohenzollern and is preserved today in photograph-grey livery. The last locomotives left the factory in September 1929; it was immediately torn down.

Fireless steam locomotives
Hohenzollern built a large number of fireless locomotives, including some articulated fireless locomotives with a cab at each end. Hohenzollern's fireless locomotives were unusual in having inside cylinders. The German term for fireless steam locomotive is Dampfspeicherlokomotive, meaning steam storage locomotive.

Each locomotive had two 2-axle bogies. On no. 1685 only one axle was powered, but on the others, two axles were powered. For an explanation of wheel arrangements see: AAR wheel arrangement. Nos. 1685 and 2107 (both designed for use in mines) had air-cooled condensers to condense the exhaust steam.

Diesel locomotives
Hohenzollern supplied a  diesel-mechanical locomotive to the Russian State Railways in the 1920s. This had a constant-mesh gearbox with an individual electromagnetic clutch to engage each gear.

Around the same time, Russian State Railways also took delivery of a  diesel-electric locomotive, class E el-2, designed in Russia by Professor Lomonosov. Work on this locomotive was started by Hohenzollern, but for political reasons, it was later transferred to Maschinenfabrik Esslingen.

See also
 South African Class 16DA 4-6-2
 VMH 1-4

References

Sources
 The Locomotive Engineers' Pocket Book 1934, (UK), publisher unknown, page 286
 The Industrial Railway Record, published by the Industrial Railway Society, ISSN 0537-5347, no. 166 (2001), page 10 and no. 170 (2002), pp 216–218

External links
 List of preserved Hohenzollern locomotives
 Photo of Hohenzollern fireless locomotive at Keilehaven Gas Works, Rotterdam
 Hohenzollern AG at www.lokhersteller.de

Defunct locomotive manufacturers of Germany
Manufacturing companies based in Düsseldorf
Transport in North Rhine-Westphalia
Bakeng Deuce. The Bakeng Deuce (formerly the Duce) is a parasol-wing monoplane designed in the United States in the early 1970s and marketed for homebuilding.  Plans and parts were still available in 2007, although the rights have changed hands in the intervening years.

A biplane derivative, the Double Duce was also available at one time.

Design and development 
The aircraft's configuration as a two-seat open cockpit, parasol wing monoplane, with fixed tailwheel undercarriage evokes 1930s designs, however, it was a new design by former Boeing engineer Jerry Bakeng, which won the Outstanding New Design Trophy at the 1971 EAA fly-in at Oshkosh, Wisconsin. Two hundred sets of plans had been sold by 1979.  The fuselage construction is of welded steel tube with the forward part skinned in metal and the rear in fabric.  The wings are constructed of wooden ribs and spars with fabric covering and are removable for transport or storage.

Rights to the Deuce were purchased by the Bakeng Deuce Airplane Factory in March 1999 and the spelling of the aircraft's name was changed at this point.

Specifications (Deuce)

References

 
 Bakeng Deuce Airplane Factory company website

1970s United States sport aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Parasol-wing aircraft
Duce
Aircraft first flown in 1970
Bach Aircraft. The Bach Aircraft Company was established by aviator L. Morton Bach at Clover Field, Santa Monica, California in 1927 to manufacture tri-motor airliners as the Bach Air Yacht in various models, as well as several other aircraft. The company hired Waldo Waterman as its chief test pilot, who brought on Max B. Harlow as the chief engineer. In 1931, the business was reorganized into the Aircraft Production Corporation but did not manufacture any further new designs.

Aircraft

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links

 aerofiles.com
 Photo history of NC302E

Bach aircraft
Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the United States
Companies based in Santa Monica, California
Defunct manufacturing companies based in Greater Los Angeles
Future Energy. Future Energy is a former accreditation scheme for green electricity in the United Kingdom, designed to support and stimulate electricity generation from renewable energy sources. The scheme was launched in 1999 and was operated by the Energy Saving Trust until funding expired in 2002.

It is thought that funding was not renewed due to few suppliers were prepared to accept the new requirements for green tariffs proposed by the Trust following the introduction of the Renewables Obligation. As of 2007 the scheme has not been replaced, although Friends of the Earth, who used to run their own scheme, have been among those calling on the government to do so.

See also

Energy policy of the United Kingdom
Green electricity in the United Kingdom
Electricity retailing
Energy conservation
Environmental concerns with electricity generation
Eugene Green Energy Standard
Low-carbon economy
:Category:Renewable energy in the United Kingdom

References

Electric power in the United Kingdom
Renewable energy certification
AMC-11. AMC-11 , previously GE-11, is an American geostationary communications satellite which is operated by SES. It is currently positioned in geostationary orbit at a longitude of 131° West, from where it is used to relay cable television across North America for onward distribution. It broadcasts to Canada, the Caribbean, Mexico and the United States.

SES and Telesat have agreed that Telesat will buy the satellite to replace the failing Anik F2 satellite in its Anik fleet. Permission from the FCC is pending; once issued, the satellite will be repositioned to 111.1° West.

Hitherto the satellite is owned by SES and used to relay cable television across the United States, Mexico and the Caribbean.

Spacecraft 
AMC-11 was built by Lockheed Martin, and is based on the A2100A satellite bus. It was originally ordered by GE Americom as GE-11, however following the merger of GE Americom and SES, it was redesignated AMC-11 while still under construction. It is equipped with 24 transponders operating in the C-band. At launch it had a mass of , with an expected operational lifespan of around fifteen years. 
On December 1, 2022, AMC 11 ends its life cycle and was replaced by the SES 21 satellite.

Launch 
The launch of AMC-11, which was conducted by International Launch Services, was the penultimate flight and last commercial launch of the Atlas II launch vehicle, which flew in the Atlas IIAS configuration. The launch occurred from SLC-36B at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, at 22:22:01 UTC on 19 May 2004. The launch successfully placed AMC-11 into a geosynchronous transfer orbit (GTO), from which it raised itself to geostationary orbit by means of a LEROS-1c apogee motor. Its insertion into geosynchronous orbit occurred on 24 May 2004.

Galaxy 15 
In late May and early June 2010, the Galaxy 15 satellite, which had failed with its transponders still broadcasting, passed close to AMC-11. Since Galaxy 15 broadcast on similar frequencies to AMC-11, interference from its transponders could have affected signals originating from AMC-11. As a result, AMC-11 was manoeuvred out of the way of Galaxy 15, and the SES-1 satellite was brought in to provide backup in case AMC-11 could not continue broadcasting. Galaxy 15 passed within 0.2° of AMC-11, however no service interruptions occurred.

See also 

 2004 in spaceflight

References 

Spacecraft launched in 2004
SES satellites
Satellites using the A2100 bus
Mobile-ITX. Mobile-ITX is the smallest (by 2009) x86 compliant motherboard form factor  presented by VIA Technologies in December, 2009. The motherboard size (CPU module) is . There are no computer ports on the CPU module and it is necessary to use an I/O carrier board. The design is intended for medical, transportation and military embedded markets.

History

The Mobile-ITX form factor was announced by VIA Technologies at Computex in June, 2007.  The motherboard size of first prototypes was . The design was intended for ultra-mobile computing such as a smartphone or UMPC.

The prototype boards shown to date include a x86-compliant 1 GHz VIA C7-M processor, 256 or 512 megabytes of RAM, a modified version of the VIA CX700 chipset (called the CX700S), an interface for a cellular radio module (demonstration boards contain a CDMA radio), a DC-DC electrical converter, and various connecting interfaces.

At the announcement, an ultra-mobile PC reference design was shown running Windows XP Embedded.

Notes and references

External links
Mobile-ITX Specification

Motherboard form factors
IBM PC compatibles
Mobile computers
COM Interop. COM Interop is a technology included in the .NET Framework Common Language Runtime (CLR) that enables Component Object Model (COM) objects to interact with .NET objects, and vice versa.

COM Interop aims to provide access to the existing COM components without requiring that the original component be modified. It tries to make the .NET types equivalent to the COM types. In addition, COM Interop allows COM developers to access managed objects as easily as they access other COM objects.

Interop tools

Tools to support a COM component using a .NET assembly
The .NET Framework creates a type library and special registry entries when a component is registered. It provides a specialized utility (RegAsm.exe, usually located in C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework) that exports the managed types into a type library and registers the managed component as a traditional COM component. When the type is instantiated through COM, the .NET CLR is the actual COM object that executes, and it merely marshals any method calls or property access to the type implementation.

Registration-free COM can be used to avoid DLL hell.

Tools to support a .NET assembly using a COM component
A COM Interop for an existing COM component can be created through the use of the Tlbimp.exe tool supplied with the .NET Framework SDK. This tool will create a set of proxy classes implemented in CIL which is encapsulated in an assembly.

Details
COM interop automatically provides the following services to simplify COM usage from .NET:
Conversion between COM types and equivalent .NET types.
Translation of retval arguments into return values.
Translation of HRESULT return values into exceptions.

References
.NET Framework documentation on MSDN - COM Interop
Regasm.exe (Assembly Registration Tool)
Tlbimp.exe (Type Library Importer)

.NET Framework terminology
Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems. The Workshop on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems (SEAMS) is an academic conference for exchanging research results and experiences in the areas of autonomic computing, self-managing, self-healing, self-optimizing, self-configuring, and self-adaptive systems theory. 
It was established in 2006 at the International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE).
It integrated workshops held mainly at ICSE and the Foundations of Software Engineering (FSE) conference since 2002, including the FSE 2002 and 2004 Workshops on Self-Healing (Self-Managed) Systems (WOSS), ICSE 2005 Workshop on Design and Evolution of Autonomic Application Software, and the ICSE 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005 Workshops on Architecting Dependable Systems.

References

External links
 ICSE 2012 SEAMS
 ICSE 2011 SEAMS
 ICSE 2010 SEAMS
 ICSE 2009 SEAMS
 ICSE 2008 SEAMS
 ICSE 2007 SEAMS
 ICSE 2006 SEAMS
 SEAMS 2007 Organizer Information
 IEEE International Conference on Autonomic Computing (ICAC)

Software engineering conferences
Hienadź Karpienka. Dr. Hienadź Karpienka (, ; , Gennady Karpenko, September 17, 1949 – April 6, 1999) was a Belarusian scientist and an important politician in opposition to president Alexander Lukashenko.

Hienadz Karpienka was born in Minsk.

In 1987 he was director of the Maladzyechna metallurgy plant.

In 1990 Karpienka defended his doctorate dissertation "Technology of Materials".

Karpienka was author of 50 inventions, which were implemented in 15 countries. In 1994 he was elected corresponding member of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus.

Karpienka was the MP of two Belarusian parliaments, he was the lead for the commission on science and technology. He was also a member and one of the leaders of the United Civic Party.

In 1992 he became Head of Maladzyechna Executive Committee (i.e. the city mayor). Within two years of becoming  mayor, Hienadz Karpienka introduced several local economic reforms, established musical and theatrical festivals, founded a local football club and performed a radical de-sovietization of the city's street names.

In 1996 Karpienka was leading the initiative to  impeach President Lukashenka, although this initiative lacked significant support.

In 1998 Karpienka was head of the National Executive Committee, an oppositional shadow government. He was considered as the leader of the Belarusian opposition and as the most probable oppositional candidate for the upcoming presidential elections.

Unclear circumstances of death

On March 31, 1999 Karpienka was taken to the 9th Minsk city hospital with an apparent cerebral hemorrhage. On April 1 he was operated on, but did not regain consciousness. He died on April 6 at seven in the morning.

The death of Hienadz Karpienka was very unexpected, there was no history of such health problems. A month after Karipenka's death, Jury Zacharanka, one of his closest friends and colleagues, was abducted. Within 6 months the same happened to Karpienka's second close colleague Viktar Hanchar. Some in the Belarusian opposition, including Karpienka's family believe these incidents are related.

References

External links
 Hienadz Karpienka's Curriculum vitae on the NASRB official website
 
 Gennady Karpenko: Lived Open, Decent and Brave Life
 United Civic Party leader pays tribute to late opposition politician Karpenka
 Film "Ploshcha" mentions about Karpienka at 1:00:00 

1949 births
1999 deaths
Scientists from Minsk
United Civic Party of Belarus politicians
Members of the Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union
Members of the Supreme Soviet of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
Members of the Supreme Council of Belarus
Politicians from Minsk
Recipients of the Byelorussian SSR State Prize