omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Hexachrome. Hexachrome is a discontinued six-color printing process designed by Pantone. In addition to custom CMYK inks, Hexachrome uses orange and green inks to expand the color gamut for better color reproduction. It is therefore also known as a CMYKOG process.

Hexachrome was discontinued by Pantone in 2008 when Adobe Systems stopped supporting the HexWare plugin software. While the details of Hexachrome were not secret, its use was limited by trademark and patent to those obtaining a license from Pantone. The inventor of Hexachrome is Richard Herbert, who is also the president of Pantone Inc.

Software
To use the Hexachrome process in a digital printing process, Pantone produced a plugin for Adobe Photoshop that allowed the designer to work in an RGB color space more typical of computer work. The plugin was called HexWare, which contained a set of Adobe plugins used by printers and designers who used the Hexachrome system. Older versions of QuarkXPress and Adobe InDesign also came with the Hexachrome system already installed and enabled.

Purpose
The main purpose of Hexachrome was to create a printing ink system that could depict brighter and clearer pictures by being able to produce more accurate colors.  Using this system instead of the CMYK ink system also allowed for printing more accurate skin tones and pastels. The Hexachrome system let users print images from computer screens that were not able to be accurately duplicated before. 
As well as producing more accurate color photo reproduction than previous systems, Hexachrome also increased efficiency as it was able to match many more Pantone spot colors. Designers would specify Pantone spot colors when designing logos, but many of the Pantone colors could not be produced using the CMYK color system, requiring additional passes on the press for each Pantone color, increasing printing costs. By using the Hexachrome system, a wider range of custom colors could be printed on the same pass as the color photo images.

Users
Hexachrome was used by software companies including Aldus Corporation, Adobe Systems, and Quark and printer manufacturers including HP, Epson, and Xerox.

See also
 CcMmYK color model

References

External links

Pantone Hexachrome patent announcement news release, May 26 1998

Printing terminology
Jim Coplien. James O. Coplien, also known as Cope, is a writer, lecturer, and researcher in the field of computer science. He held the 2003–4 Vloeberghs Leerstoel (Vloeberghs Chair) at Vrije Universiteit Brussel and has been a visiting professor at University of Manchester.

He is known for his involvement in founding the pattern movement as part of the Hillside Group, organizing events in the Pattern Languages of Programs conference series, and his writings on software design patterns and organizational patterns.

Career
His ongoing work with Liping Zhao includes a monograph entitled "A Generalized Formal Design Theory" which explores the foundations of symmetry and symmetry-breaking in design in general, and in patterns in particular.

Cope was a founding Member of Hillside Group with Kent Beck, Grady Booch, Ward Cunningham, Ralph Johnson, Ken Auer and Hal Hildebrand. He has started up several of the conferences in the Pattern Languages of Programs (PLoP) conference series and is a longstanding pattern author and PLoP shepherd. His pattern form, the "Coplien Form," is a simplified way to structure a pattern in preparation for writing a more literate version in Alexandrian form. Together with Trygve Reenskaug, he was a principal in the design of the data, context and interaction (DCI) paradigm.

He was also Program Chair of Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages & Applications conference (OOPSLA) in 1996, and has been a co-founder and sometime chair of many software pattern conferences.

Books
Books he has written, co-written or edited include:

Research
His early work on C++ idioms was one of the three primary sources of the popular Design Patterns. He also named the curiously recurring template pattern C++ idiom. His work on organizational patterns was an inspiration for both extreme programming and for Scrum daily standups. In Organizational Patterns of Agile Software Development book he co-presented an alternative version of Conway's law.

Presenter
Coplien has presented several times in the UK at the ACCU conference:
 ACCU2010 Lean Architecture and Agile Software Development
 ACCU2008 Five practical solutions to Agile myths
 ACCU2008 Organizational Patterns: The Foundations of Agile
 ACCU2007 A balanced Agile design approach
He has given several conference keynotes, such as "Reflections on Reflection" at SPLASH 2013, "Kaizen and Certification" at the 2013 Scrum Alliance Regional Conference in Tokyo, and "Objects of the people, by the people, and for the people" at the AOSD Conference in Berlin in 2012.

References

 
  Fraser, Steven, Kent Beck, Bill Caputo, Tim Mackinnon, James Newkirk and Charlie Pool. "Test Driven Development (TDD)." In M. Marchesi and G. Succi, eds., XP 2003, LNCS 2675, pp. 459–462, 2003. ©Springer-Verlag, Berlin and Heidelberg, 2003.
  Sutherland, Jeff. Origins of Scrum. Web page . 5 July 2007.
  Library of Congress, Coplien, James O. .  19 September 2019.

External links
 Jim's Homepage
 Jim's blog

British non-fiction writers
British computer scientists
Living people
British male writers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Male non-fiction writers
Retrogradation. Retrogradation is the landward change in position of the front of a river delta with time. This occurs when the mass balance of sediment into the delta is such that the volume of incoming sediment is less than the volume of the delta that is lost through subsidence, sea-level rise, and/or erosion. As a result, retrogradation is most common:
during periods of sea-level rise which results in marine transgression. This can occur during major periods of global warming and the melting of continental ice sheets.
with extremely low sediment input.

See also

References
Schlumberger Oilfield Glossary

Sedimentology
Stratigraphy
Adolf Guyer-Zeller. Adolf Guyer-Zeller (1 May 1839 – 3 April 1899) was a Swiss entrepreneur.

Born in Bäretswil, Switzerland on 1 May 1839, Guyer-Zeller was the son of an owner of spinning mill and creator of a textile export trade in Zürich. After the death of his father, he led the company. He studied at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich.

Later, he turned his attentions to what had become a booming business, the building of railways in Switzerland. He became, among other things, a president of the Swiss Northeastern Railway (NOB). Guyer-Zeller was also the founder of Jungfrau Railway, (JB) and the Uerikon-Bauma Railway (UeBB). In order to finance the JB, he founded the Bank Guyerzeller AG in 1894, which became fully owned by HSBC in 2004.

On 3 April 1899, Guyer-Zeller, aged 59, died of a heart attack in Zürich.

Gallery

External links

1839 births
1899 deaths
People from Hinwil District
HSBC people
Swiss railway entrepreneurs
19th-century Swiss businesspeople
Möbelwagen. The 3.7 cm Flak auf Fahrgestell Panzerkampfwagen IV (sf) (Sd.Kfz. 161/3), nicknamed Möbelwagen ("Moving Van") because of its boxy shape, was a self-propelled anti-aircraft gun built from the chassis of the Panzer IV tank. It was used by the Wehrmacht in the European Theatre of World War II.

In 1943, due to the waning ability of the Luftwaffe to combat enemy ground-attack aircraft, ground-based anti-aircraft weaponry was becoming increasingly important to the Wehrmacht. In early 1943, the idea of creating a gun platform on the chassis of the Panzer IV was first proposed. The prototype displayed to Hitler on December 7, 1943, used the 2 cm Flakvierling 38, which was deemed too weak for the latest aircraft, which were constantly being improved to fly higher and faster. Only a single prototype with this gun was produced before the design was rejected. A second design with an upgraded single 3.7 cm Flak 43 L/89 was approved as a temporary stopgap until better Flakpanzers could be created. 240 Möbelwagens were built, and the first production models were put into service on the Western Front in April 1944.

The Möbelwagen was built on Panzer IV chassis that had been damaged on the Eastern Front and returned to the factory for repair. These were fitted with an open-top superstructure that provided the gun mount. Around this, four hinged 20 mm armored plates were placed.  These plates had two operating positions: they could be lowered for full 360 degree traverse, allowing flat or low-level firing, or they could be half-closed, being pinned together to hang slightly open. In this position, they had notches that allowed the gun full rotation, but only for firing at airborne targets. Still, both of these positions left the crew extremely vulnerable. The fully closed position was only used for transport, when the plates would give the crew some protection from small arms fire and shrapnel.

Though the Möbelwagen was intended to be a stopgap, it served the anti-aircraft platoons of the Panzer Divisions on the Western Front. Only 240 were produced, and it was eventually succeeded by the first true Flakpanzers: Wirbelwind and Ostwind, both of which provided the crew with improved armored protection and full rotation when firing at either ground or air targets.

Comparable vehicles
 40M Nimród
 Ostwind
 M19 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage
 Crusader Mk. III Anti-Aircraft Tank Mk. I
 ZSU-37

References

Bibliography

External links

 Information about the Möbelwagen at Panzerworld
Mobelwagen at Military History Encyclopedia
 Surviving Panzer IV variants - A PDF file presenting the Panzer IV variants (Jagdpanzer IV, Hummel, Nashorn, Brummbär, StuG IV, Flakpanzer tanks and prototypes based on Pz IV) still existing in the world

World War II self-propelled anti-aircraft weapons of Germany
Military vehicles introduced from 1940 to 1944

de:Flakpanzer IV#Möbelwagen
fr:Flakpanzer IV#Flakpanzer IV Möbelwagen
Sphere-world. The idea of a sphere-world was constructed by French mathematician Henri Poincaré who, while pursuing his argument for conventionalism (see philosophy of space and time),  offered a thought experiment about a sphere with strange properties.

The concept
Poincaré asks us to imagine a sphere of radius R.  The temperature of the sphere decreases from its maximum at the center to absolute zero at its extremity such that a body’s temperature at a distance r from the center is proportional to .

In addition, all bodies have the same coefficient of dilatation so every body shrinks and expands in similar proportion as they move about the sphere.  To finish the story, Poincaré states that the index of refraction will also vary with the distance r, in inverse proportion to .

How will this world look to inhabitants of this sphere? 

In many ways it will look normal. Bodies will remain intact upon transfer from place to place, as well as seeming to remain the same size (the Spherians would shrink along with them).  The geometry, on the other hand, would seem quite different.  Supposing the inhabitants were to view rods believed to be rigid, or measure distance with light rays. They would find that a geodesic is not a straight line, and that the ratio of a circle’s circumference to its radius is greater than .

These inhabitants would in fact determine that their universe is not ruled by Euclidean geometry, but instead by hyperbolic geometry.

Commentary

This thought experiment is discussed in Roberto Torretti's book Philosophy of Geometry from Riemann to Poincaré and in Jeremy Gray's article "Epistemology of Geometry" in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. This sphere-world is also described in Ian Stewart's book Flatterland (chapter 10, Platterland).

References

See also
 Flatland

Thought experiments
Hyperbolic geometry
Philosophy of physics
Henri Poincaré
Bottom crawler. A bottom crawler is an underwater exploration and recovery vehicle. It is designed to sink to the bottom of a body of water, where it moves about using traction against the bottom with wheels or tracks. It is usually tethered to a surface ship by cables providing power, control, video, and lifting capabilities, but this is not essential.

Such devices have been proposed for use in recovering deep seabed minerals, such as manganese nodules.

These also have been considered since the late 1960s for use in offshore oil exploration and production in extremely deep water, but practical devices have used other technologies from the sea surface, such as moored barges and tension leg platforms.

See also 

 Benthic Lander

References

Oceanography
Gas (disambiguation). Gas is one of the four main physical states of matter (plural "gases" or "gasses").

Gas or GAS may also refer to:

Science

Biology and healthcare
 Streptococcus pyogenes, a bacterium commonly known as Group A Strep, or GAS
 Gas, slang for an anaesthetic
 Growth arrest-specific protein, such as GAS1, GAS2
 Gender-affirming surgery,  a surgical procedure also known as sex reassignment surgery
 General Adaptation Syndrome, a model describing responses to stress
 Global Assessment Scale, later Global Assessment of Functioning, in mental health
 Goal attainment scaling, a method for monitoring client progress in therapy
 Group A streptococcal infection
 Intestinal gas

Chemistry, physics, and energy 
 Gas, short for gasoline
 Fuel gas
 Coal gas
 Natural gas
 Oil and gas
 GaS, chemical formula for gallium(II) sulfide

People 
 Gas Lipstick, the drummer for the Finnish rock band HIM
 Gunnar A. Sjögren, a Swedish engineer

Arts, entertainment, and media

Films 
 Gas (1944 film), a Private Snafu animated short
 Gas (1981 film), a Canadian comedy film
 Gas (2004 film), an American film
 Gas-s-s-s (1971), also called Gas! or It Became Necessary to Destroy the World in Order to Save It, a Roger Corman movie

Music 
 Pseudonym of English electronic musician Mat Jarvis
 Gas (musician), musical project of German producer Wolfgang Voigt
 Gas (Feedtime album), 2017

Television 
 "Gas" (Bottom), an episode of the UK series Bottom
 "Gas", an episode of the UK series Casualty
 Nickelodeon Games and Sports for Kids (Nick Gas), a former TV network

Other uses in arts, entertainment, and media 
 Gas (painting), by Edward Hopper, 1940.
 Gas (comic), a British adult comic.
 Cinema Unit Gas, founded in 1988 by Akira Takatsuki.
 Gas — short story by Alfred Hitchcock.

Brands and enterprises
 Galpin Auto Sports, a US customizing garage
 Gas Jeans, an Italian clothing label

Computing and technology 
 Gas (app), a former American anonymous social media app
 Transaction pricing mechanism in Ethereum
 Generalized audit software
 Getaway Special, an experiment bay on the NASA Space Shuttle
 GNU Assembler, a software tool
 Gunner's Auxiliary Sight of the M1 Abrams tank

Geography 
 Gas, Eure-et-Loir, France, a commune
 Gas, Iran (disambiguation), various villages
 Gas, Kansas, United States, a town

Sports
 Bristol Rovers FC, England, nickname
 Grêmio Atlético Sampaio, a Brazilian football club

See also 
 Gassed (painting), by John Singer Sargent, 1919
 Gass (disambiguation)
 Gassing (disambiguation)
 :Category:Gases
National Space Development Agency of Japan. The , or NASDA, was a Japanese national space agency established on October 1, 1969 under the National Space Development Agency Law only for peaceful purposes. Based on the Space Development Program enacted by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), NASDA was responsible for developing satellites and launch vehicles as well as launching and tracking them. 

The first launch vehicles of NASDA (N-I, N-II, and H-I) were partially based on licensed technology from the United States, particularly the Delta rocket family. The H-II was the first liquid fuel rocket to be fully developed in Japan.

Hideo Shima, chief engineer of the original Shinkansen "bullet train" project, served as Chief of NASDA from 1969 to 1977.

On October 1, 2003, NASDA merged with the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) and the National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan (NAL) into one Independent Administrative Institution: the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA).

SL-J was partially funded by Japan through NASDA; this cooperative Japanese-American mission launched a NASDA astronaut into Earth orbit using the Space Shuttle in 1992.

Work on the Japanese Experiment Module at ISS, and also HOPE-X, was started under NASDA and inherited by JAXA.

See also
CS-4

References

External links 
 NASDA history before merger into JAXA
  The National Space Development Agency Law (Abolished)
 NASDA History
 NASDA Press Release Archives (2000-2003)
 The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
 Aerospace Industry of Japan. The Society of Japanese Aerospace Companies

1969 establishments in Japan
JAXA
2003 disestablishments in Japan
Valery Ryumin. Valery Victorovich Ryumin (; 16 August 1939 – 6 June 2022) was a Soviet cosmonaut.

Biography
In 1958, he graduated from the Kaliningrad Mechanical Engineering Technical College with the specialty "Cold Working of Metal." In 1966, he graduated from the Department of Electronics and Computing Technology of the Moscow Forestry Engineering Institute with the specialty "Spacecraft Control Systems."

From 1958 to 1961, Ryumin served in the army as a tank commander.

From 1966 onwards he was employed at the Rocket Space Corporation Energia, holding the positions of Ground Electrical Test Engineer, Deputy Lead Designer for Orbital Stations, Department Head, and Deputy General Designer for Testing. He helped develop and prepare all orbital stations, beginning with Salyut 1.

In 1973, he joined the RSC Energia cosmonaut corps. Ultimately he became a veteran of four space flights and logged a total of 371 days in space.

In 1977, he spent two days aboard Soyuz 25, in 1979, he spent 175 days aboard Soyuz vehicles 32 and 34 and the Salyut 6 space station, and in 1980, he spent 185 days aboard Soyuz vehicles 35 and 37 and the Salyut 6 space station.

From 1981 to 1989, Ryumin was flight director for the Salyut 7 space station and the Mir space station. Since 1992, he was the Director of the Russian portion of the Shuttle-Mir and NASA-Mir program.

In January 1998, NASA announced Ryumin's selection to the crew of STS-91. Ryumin served aboard STS-91 Discovery (2–12 June 1998) the 9th and final Shuttle-Mir docking mission, concluding the joint U.S./Russian Phase I Program. The STS-91 mission was accomplished in 154 Earth orbits, traveling 3.8 million miles in 235 hours and 54 seconds.

Married to fellow cosmonaut Yelena Kondakova, he had two daughters and a son. His hobbies included tennis, angling, hunting, walking through forests, and travel.

Ryumin died on 6 June 2022, and was buried in the Federal Military Memorial Cemetery on 9 June.

Awards
Twice as Hero of the Soviet Union (19 August 1979 and 11 October 1980)
Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR
Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" 4th class
Three Orders of Lenin (USSR)
Medal "For Merit in Space Exploration"
Hero of the Republic of Cuba
Hero of Socialist Labour (Vietnam)
Order of Ho Chi Minh (Vietnam)

In popular culture
In the 2017 Russian film Salyut 7, a character Valery Shudin, played by Aleksandr Samoylenko, was based on Ryumin.

Sources
Biographical Data
The official website of the city administration Baikonur - Honorary citizens of Baikonur

References 

1939 births
2022 deaths
People from Komsomolsk-on-Amur
Soviet cosmonauts
Heroes of the Soviet Union
Soviet engineers
Soviet Army officers
Moscow State Forest University alumni
Employees of RSC Energia
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Recipients of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", 4th class
Recipients of the Medal "For Merit in Space Exploration"
Recipients of the USSR State Prize
Recipients of the Order of Ho Chi Minh
Space Shuttle program astronauts
Salyut program cosmonauts
Spacewalkers
Mir crew members
Burials at the Federal Military Memorial Cemetery
Albert Sacco. Albert Sacco Jr. (born May 3, 1949) is an American chemical engineer who flew as a Payload Specialist on the Space Shuttle Columbia on Shuttle mission STS-73 in 1995.

Born in Boston, Massachusetts, Sacco completed a B.S. degree in chemical engineering from Northeastern University in Boston in 1973, and then a Ph.D. degree in chemical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1977. He then joined the faculty of the Worcester Polytechnic Institute, becoming a full professor and rising to department head in 1989.

Sacco served as the Dean of the Edward E. Whitacre Jr. College of Engineering at Texas Tech University, from January 1, 2011, to August 16, 2022.

Sacco flew as a payload specialist on STS-73, which launched on October 20, 1995, and landed at the Kennedy Space Center on November 5, 1995.

Sacco was originally chosen as the payload specialist for the ill-fated STS-107 mission, which ended in the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster. He trained with the other six astronauts for two months until NASA and the U.S. government decided to replace him with Israeli payload specialist Ilan Ramon.

References

 http://www.che.neu.edu/faculty/dr_albert_sacco_jr/ 

American astronauts
Northeastern University alumni
MIT School of Engineering alumni
Northeastern University faculty
Texas Tech University faculty
People from Boston
1949 births
Living people
Worcester Polytechnic Institute faculty
People from Belmont, Massachusetts
Space Shuttle program astronauts
Mystic-class deep-submergence rescue vehicle. Mystic class is a class of Deep-Submergence Rescue Vehicles (DSRVs), designed for rescue operations on submerged, disabled submarines of the United States Navy or foreign navies. The two submarines of the class were never used for this purpose, and were replaced by the Submarine Rescue Diving Recompression System.

Features
DSRVs are designed for quick deployment in the event of a submarine accident. DSRVs are transportable by truck, aircraft, ship, or by specially configured attack submarine. At the accident site, the DSRV works with either a "mother ship" or "mother submarine". The DSRV dives, conducts a sonar search, and attaches to the disabled submarine's hatch. DSRVs can embark up to 24 persons for transfer to the mother vessel.

The DSRV also has an arm to clear hatches on a disabled submarine and a combined gripper and cable cutter. The gripper is able to lift 1,000 pounds (450 kg).

Background

The Deep Submergence System Project was established in June 1965 in the aftermath of the loss of  USS Thresher in 1963.

At the time, submarine operating depths greatly exceeded the capabilities of rescue vessels. Lockheed Missiles and Space Company was contracted to produce a deep diving rescue submarine. In an effort to win the design and construction contracts for a DSRV, the company built Deep Quest prototype. She was launched in June 1967; in March 1970, she was used to find a US Navy Grumman F6F-3 Hellcat which had crashed on 12 January 1944, in the ocean near Naval Air Station San Diego.

The first DSRV was launched in 1970. While it has been alleged that the stated goal of the DSRV project was unrealistic, and that it was a front for research on undersea espionage, including cable tapping, the DSRVs have a demonstrated rescue capability, and have conducted numerous practice rescue missions.

DSRV-1 was launched in San Diego, California, on 24 January 1970.  Testing culminated in an operational evaluation that saw a complete, simulated submarine rescue mission.  DSRV-1 was named Mystic during Fleet Acceptance Ceremonies in 1977.

The second, and final, vessel in the class, DSRV-2, was subsequently launched and named Avalon.

General characteristics

List of vessels

See also
 List of submarine classes in service
 Bathyscaphe

References

External links
 USN Fact File
 Deep-Submergence Rescue Vehicle - US Navy 1973

Submarine classes
 
 Mystic class
Lifeboats
Lockheed Corporation
Auxiliary search and rescue ship classes