omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
HyperMach SonicStar. The SonicStar was a proposed high-supersonic aircraft business jet designed by SonicStar SAS led by Bernard Rousset and motorized by HyperMach. 

CEO Richard H. Lugg & COO Bernard Rousset first presented the concept at the 2011 Paris Air Show (Le Bourget) and showed a 3m long model.

Bernard Rousset participated in the Global Aerospace Summit of 2018 in Abu Dhabi and presented the latest advancement of the project.

The SonicStar was expected to reach speeds of up to Mach 3.6 () and fly at an altitude of 80,000 feet (24,380 m). Its propulsion was projected to be 30 percent more fuel efficient than the Rolls-Royce/Snecma Olympus 593 engines which powered the Concorde.  Hypothetically, the SonicStar would fly three times faster than the speed of the Concorde. It was planned to be powered by two engineered 157,700 thrust SonicBlue HYSCRAM (Hypersonic Superconducting Combustion Ram Accelerated Magnetohydrodynamic Drive ) hybrid hypersonic 6500-X series engines. Sonic boom was expected to be eliminated over land, through electromagnetic drag reduction technology that was claimed to be under development.

The proposed aircraft would carry 8 to 12 passengers in a high comfort VIP mode.

The founders put the project on hold by 2020, and went on their separate journeys. No further information regarding the aircraft has been published since 2019. Octuri provided some illustrations of the aircraft and the interiors, and La Depeche published an article in 2014. , the company's website no longer exists.

See also 
 Supercruise
 Zero Emission Hyper Sonic Transport
 SpaceLiner
 Orient Express X-30 follow-on
 Boeing Sonic Cruiser
 Concorde
 Aerion SBJ
 Boom Technology

References

Bibliography 
 .
 .
 .

External links 
  (no longer exists)

Supersonic transports
Mixed-power aircraft
Proposed aircraft
Robophobia. Robophobia is a Big Finish Productions audio drama based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who. It is a  four-part story.

Plot
The Doctor arrives on a spaceship transporting over a hundred thousand potentially deadly robots.

Cast
The Doctor – Sylvester McCoy
Liv Chenka – Nicola Walker
Farel – Toby Hadoke
Bas Pellico – William Hazell
Selerat – Nicholas Pegg
Cravnet – Dan Starkey
Tal Karus – Matt Addis
Leebar/Computer Voice – John Dorney

Continuity
For the people of Kaldor, this story picks up a few months after the events of the Fourth Doctor television story, The Robots of Death.
The Doctor's TARDIS is black in this story.  It remains this way through subsequent stories and is resolved in Black and White.
Black and White also contains a few scenes that take place directly after Lurkers at Sunlight's Edge, including the Doctor finding the Black TARDIS, and his first trip in it to the spaceship Lorelei, as heard in this story.  There is also a scene where he takes it on its second trip, to the planet Celdor, in The Doomsday Quatrain.

Notes
Dan Starkey has played Sontarans in several recent Doctor Who television stories.
Toby Hadoke is a comedian best known to Doctor Who fans for his one-man show Moths Ate My Doctor Who Scarf.

Critical reception
Doctor Who Magazine reviewer Matt Michael said that the play is a "sequel that compares well to the original", and praised the performance of Walker as Liv Chenka, who is the "guest companion" in the audio.

References

External links
Robophobia

2011 audio plays
Seventh Doctor audio plays
Audio plays by Nicholas Briggs
Avenging Waters. Avenging Waters is a 1936 American western film directed by Spencer Gordon Bennet and starring Ken Maynard, Beth Marion, Ward Bond and John Elliott. It was written by Nate Gatzert.

Plot
Charles Mortimer buys cattle from Ken Morley and builds a fence to keep them in. His neighbour, Slater, is angered by Mortimer's actions because he wants access to the land. By way of revenge, he builds a dam cutting off Mortimer's water supply. Morley confronts Slater, and Slater captures and imprisons him in a shack. The dam is subsequently destroyed by lightning, and the shack holding Morley is in the path of the oncoming wall of water. Aided by his horse and a stout rope, Morley is able to get the bars off the shack window and escape the shack, riding toward Mortimer's place just ahead of the water. Mortimer and his henchman hear the water coming and flee the ranch on horseback, riding double. But they've left behind another prisoner, the girl. Morley is just in time to scoop her up in his arms and ride up a nearby hillock to safety, as the water, having already destroyed his shack-prison, rushes over top of the Mortimer ranch. They get married, and Mortimer and his man are never heard from again.

Cast
 Ken Maynard as Ken Morley
 Beth Marion as Mary Mortimer
 Ward Bond as Marve Slater
 John Elliott as Charles Mortimer
 Zella Russell as Aunt Eloise Smythe
 Hal Taliaferro as Slivers
 The Stafford Sisters as comic singers (uncredited)

External links
 

1936 films
1930s English-language films
1936 Western (genre) films
American Western (genre) films
American black-and-white films
Columbia Pictures films
Films directed by Spencer Gordon Bennet
1930s American films
English-language Western (genre) films
Culver Rigid Midget. The Culver Rigid Midget is an American mid-wing, single seat glider that was designed by Irv Culver in 1941. The prototype was constructed by Ray Parker and Bill Bowmar and completed in 1947

Design and development
Culver designed the Rigid Midget as a development of the Screaming Wiener in 1941, but due to the Second World War no prototype was constructed until 1947. The Rigid Midget resembles the Screaming Wiener, but the Midget has a wingspan that is  greater and it uses a different airfoil.

The first Midget was built by Parker and Bowmar and is registered with the Federal Aviation Administration as a Bellow Flex CC 4-36. Bowmar completely restored and rebuilt the aircraft in about 1971 and donated it to the National Soaring Museum.

The aircraft is constructed from wood, with the wings and tail surfaces finished in doped aircraft fabric covering and the fuselage covered in wood. The wing is of a small span at just . Landing gear is a fixed monowheel.

A second Midget was constructed from plans by George Groff of Canoga Park, California. A third one, also built from plans, was noted when it was offered for sale during the 1970s in Soaring Magazine.

The Parker PJ-1 Tiny Mite was developed from the Midget and built by Parker and Dick Johnson, although by the time it was completed it had evolved considerably from the Midget.

Operational history
The first Midget was completed in time for Parker to fly the aircraft in the 1947 US Nationals, held at Wichita Falls, Texas, in which he finished third. Parker's flights at that competition included a  flight.

Bowmar and Parker flew over 1000 hours in the aircraft and Bowmar noted that it had nice handling characteristics, no vices and, with its short wingspan, was highly maneuverable.

Aircraft on display
National Soaring Museum - Parker and Bowmar's prototype, listed as in "storage"

Specifications (Rigid Midget)

See also

References

1940s United States sailplanes
Homebuilt aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1947
Mid-wing aircraft
Thermodynamik chemischer Vorgänge. In the history of thermodynamics, Thermodynamik chemischer Vorgänge (Chemical thermodynamic process) is a sequence of three papers (1882–1883) written by German physicist Hermann von Helmholtz. It is one of the founding papers in thermodynamics, along with Josiah Willard Gibbs's 1876 paper "On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances". Together they form the foundation of chemical thermodynamics as well as a large part of physical chemistry.

It was published in three parts in Sitzungsberichte der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin ["Proceedings of the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences"], and is available on HathiTrust and online archive of the Sitzungsberichte der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin.

 First part: Die Thermodynamik chemischer Vorgänge, Submitted on 2 February 1882.
 Second part: Zur Thermodynamik chemischer Vorgänge, subtitled Folgerungen die galvanische Polarisation betreffend ["Conclusions concerning galvanic polarization"]. Submitted on 27 July 1882.
 (yes, the word "Die" was turned to "Zur", which might cause bibliographical confusion)
 Third part: Zur Thermodynamik chemischer Vorgänge, subtitled Versuche an Chlorzink-Kalomel-Elementen ["Experiments on zinc chloride calomel elements"]. Submitted on 31 May 1883.

References

Thermodynamics
Historical physics publications
Physics papers
Marlow Industries. II-VI Marlow is a division of II-VI Incorporated. Based in Dallas, Texas, II-VI Marlow designs and manufactures thermoelectric modules and systems.

History
Marlow Industries Incorporated was founded by Raymond Marlow in 1973. It was focused on thermoelectric cooling technology, value-added systems for the aerospace, defense, medical, industrial, automotive, power and defense sectors.

In 1991, Marlow Industries Incorporated received the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award, an award created by the U.S. Congress and presented by the President. Marlow Industries was recognized for its work in improving the company through deployment of a Total Quality Management system.

In 2004, the company was acquired by II-VI Incorporated. Marlow Industries Incorporated became a subsidiary of II-VI Incorporated and began operating within II-VI’s Compound Semiconductors Group.

The company opened its first offshore manufacturing facility in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, in 2005. The factory's initial focus was on thermoelectric module assembly lines for standard commercial products. The factory now includes various component and system assembly lines, as well as an engineering design center.

To expand opportunities in the thermoelectric industry, Marlow Industries Incorporated acquired an equity stake in Fuxin Electronics, a company located in Guangdong Province, China, in 2007.

In 2014, Marlow Industries Incorporated became a division of II-VI Incorporated, and is now known as II-VI Marlow.

Technology

II-VI Marlow designs and manufactures semiconductor-based thermoelectric coolers and subsystems, which provide cooling, heating, temperature stabilization, power generation, and energy harvesting functions. Its products are used for infrared sensors, fibre-optic guidance systems, thermal reference sources, refrigerators, and chillers.

II-VI Marlow thermoelectric materials and devices have been used by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) to enable the Department of Defense (DOD) thermal management systems to operate at lower temperatures with higher performance and longer lifetime.

References

Defunct electronics companies of the United States
Manufacturing companies based in Dallas
Electronics companies established in 1973
1973 establishments in Texas
C Level Design. C Level Design was an American computer software company based in San Jose, California. It developed a tools to translate from the C programming language to hardware description languages.

The company was established in 1996 by Don Soderman, Denis Coleman and Yuri Panchul. 
The first product was called C2Verilog.
Originally called CompiLogic Corporation, its name was changed in December 1998.

Networking and telecom companies including Nortel, Alcatel, Sony, Boeing, Compaq and Fujitsu used C Level's System Compiler design environment. Using a C2Verilog  tool, Hitachi developed a rough concept of five-stage, 8-bit microcontroller in about three weeks. C2Verilog was used by the NASA Jet Propulsion Lab in Pasadena, California.

At its height, C Level employed 30 people. The company had about $3 million in accumulated revenue over several years.

In June 2000, Altera announced an investment in the company.
In March 2001, the company announced it would donate its CycleC technology to the Open SystemC Initiative.
However, the transfer never took place; in November 2001, the company ceased operation. Synopsys acquired its assets and integrated CycleC simulation methodology into Synopsys' VCS Verilog simulator, and discontinued other C Level products. 
C Level's synthesis technology included at least one patent.

References

External links 
 C Level Design web site

Software companies based in California
Companies based in San Jose, California
Electronic design automation companies
Defunct software companies of the United States
Companies established in 1996
1996 establishments in California
1996 establishments in the United States
Software companies established in 1996
Companies based in California
Flexographic ink. Flexographic inks are inks transferred by the process of flexography, primarily used in the printing of packing materials (cardboard boxes, corrugated cardboard, paper bags and plastic bags, food packaging, labels, newspapers, catalogues, etc.). The inks and method of printing continues to grow in popularity due to its low cost and environmentally friendly nature. The most important part of the printing process is the application of the ink.

Types 
The main types of flexographic ink are water based, solvent and UV curable. The printing surface (substrate type) dictates what ink type it is advisable to use. Each type of ink has its advantages and disadvantages, therefore the type of ink used in printing is determined by factors such as price, speed, and the use of the packaging (food, cleaning, or shopping bags).

History 
In the early stages of flexography, aniline dye ink was used. Because of its toxicity, its use in food packaging was banned and it brought on complications due to frequent staining and the need for bleeding.  Over time, changes and improvements were made, involving the substitution of aniline dye for polyamide resins which speed up the drying process and as such the overall printing process itself.

Solvent-based inks began to be used, which were safe for food packaging, but harmful to the environment. The Environmental Law of the 1980s led to printers trying out water-based inks. Today, most printers are easily adapted to water-based inks, allowing printers to recycle ink for later use.

Usage 
George Sickinger, CEO of International Colour Resolutions, says that "over time, water-based inks have a much higher herbal resin content and will become the new standard for the formulation of water bases. "Sickinger also stated that the UV-curable inks require less energy and produce less waste, while the quality is higher.

The Environmental Protection Agency has worked with the flexographic industry in the design of a project to help flexographic businesses, promoting water-based inks for their low power consumption, and UV curable ink systems, because they use less ink.

Currently in the EU, there are 2 institutions that provide companies with the "OK COMPOST" and "COMPOSTABLE" certification, VINÇOTTE and DIN CERTCO, to be used by inks in the print of bioplastics that fulfill the requirements of biodegrading and compost ability. One of the first ink producers, in the beginning of the year 2000, to obtain this certification and commercialize these types of inks was Chimigraf.

References

External links 
Environmental Protection Agency's report on flexographic inks
Flexographic Technical Association.
Vinçotte
Chímigraf

Inks
Packaging
Relief printing
Schweizer SA 1-30. The Schweizer SA 1-30 was the first entry by Schweizer in the powered aircraft market.

Design and development
Schweizer developed a line of gliders starting in World War II. The 1-30 was not intended to be a motor glider, but rather a light aircraft utilizing some glider and sailplane technologies, common parts with other Schweizer designs and an affordable price as a result of using smaller powerplants. Removable wings, and the ability to be transported by trailer were also criteria for keeping airport-based hangar costs down.

The 1-30 shares the same wings and tail surfaces as the 1-26 glider. The fuselage is of aluminum construction with a welded steel tube tail structure. The wings are removable using the same design as the 1-26. The engine uses a cowling with exposed cylinders like a J-3 Cub for simplicity and cooling efficiency. Wing mounted spoilers were retained from the 1-26, allowing steep low-speed descents at about a 5:1 glide ratio. Three sets of wings were tested including a set from the model 2-31.

Operational history
Construction of the prototype was started in April 1958 and completed by August. The aircraft was tested as a glider aero-towing aircraft using a Schweizer SGU 2-22C. The single-place 1-30 was not intended to go into production, the two-place 2-31 was envisioned as the production model, but was also not produced beyond a single prototype.

Variants
SAU 1-30
The SA 1-30 modified with a  shorter wing and a fully cowled engine.

Specifications (Schweizer SA 1-30)

References

Homebuilt aircraft
Schweizer aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1958
Swift Aircraft. Swift Aircraft Limited is a British aerospace manufacturer that designs the Swift II aerobatic training aircraft.

Swift II

The Swift II is a side-by-side, two-seat training and aerobatic aircraft, and is currently in the final stages of design.  Swift Aircraft plan to market the Swift II for the military and civilian markets when it becomes available.  The aircraft will be of all composite construction to save weight and improve performance.  The company expected to commence tooling for construction of the Swift II by the end of 2011, and will initially offer the Swift II as a kit, before bringing the design up to certified standard.  The Swift range is planned to include:
Swift II (certified CS-23)
Swift VLA (certified CS-VLA)
Swift VLA (kit plane)

Other activities
In 2008, Swift took over fellow British composite aircraft manufacturer, Europa Aircraft.

The company also sells and leases the Slingsby T67 Firefly, having purchased 22 examples from Babcock Defence Services in June 2011 following their retirement from the British military elementary flying training programme. It is responsible for support and service of the Firefly, although it does not possess the type certificate, as this was revoked by its former holder, Marshall Group.

In June 2019, permission was granted from local councils to reopen the runway at the former RAF Coltishall (where Swift Aircraft are now located), and allow Swift Aircraft to produce 98 aircraft a year as well as allowing eight flights a day from the former airbase.

References

External links
Swift Aircraft website

Aircraft manufacturers of the United Kingdom
Companies based in Norfolk
Science and technology in Norfolk
2004 establishments in England
British companies established in 2004
2004 in aviation
Iann Barron. Iann Marchant Barron  (16 June 1936 – 16 May 2022) was a British computer engineer and entrepreneur.

Biography
During vacation work in 1956–57 at Elliott Brothers while still at Cambridge he designed the Elliott 803. On leaving University he joined the Civil Service in 1958 as a Scientific Officer on special assignment first to the Army Operational Research Group, and in 1960 to the Air Ministry.

He returned to the company now called Elliott Automation as a Project Leader for the Elliott 502 computer team, later becoming the company's Head of System Research.

In 1965 Barron left Elliott Automation to become Founder and Managing Director of Computer Technology Limited, where the Modular One range of computer systems was developed.

In the mid-1970s he formed a new company, Microcomputer Analysis Ltd, which offered consultancy on microprocessors to the semiconductor industry. This brought him into contact with two eminent American semiconductor specialists, Richard Petritz and Paul Schroeder, and in 1978 the triumvirate founded Inmos International PLC, which produced the innovative transputer, and led to the development of SpaceWire.

Barron was elected a Distinguished Fellow of the British Computer Society (DFBCS) in 1986 and was appointed CBE in the 1994 New Year Honours.

Barron died on 16 May 2022, at the age of 85.

References

Bibliography
 "The Origins of SpaceWire", Paul Walker
 "The Inmos Legacy", Dick Selwood, August 2007, inmos.com
 "In Barron's Court", IEE Review, 16 January 1997
 "Transputer-> Forgotten Futures", 1998 USENET discussion in comp.sys.transputer

1936 births
2022 deaths
British computer scientists
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Fellows of the British Computer Society
History of computing in the United Kingdom
People educated at University College School
ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems. The ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS) is a bimonthly, open access, peer-reviewed scientific journal on the topic of programming languages published by the Association for Computing Machinery.

Background 
Published since 1979, the journal's scope includes programming language design, implementation, and semantics of programming languages, compilers and interpreters, run-time systems, storage allocation and garbage collection, and formal specification, testing, and verification of software. It is indexed in Scopus and SCImago.

The editor-in-chief is Andrew Myers (Cornell University). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal had a 2020 impact factor of 0.410.

References

External links 
 
 TOPLAS at ACM Digital Library
 TOPLAS at DBLP

Computer science journals
English-language journals
Academic journals established in 1979
Bimonthly journals
Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems
Weld access hole. The weld access hole or rat hole is a structural engineering technique in which a part of the web of an I-beam or T-beam is cut out at the end or ends of the beam.  The hole in the web allows a welder to weld the flange to another part of the structure with a continuous weld the full width on both top and bottom sides of the flange.  Without the weld access hole, the middle of the flange would be blocked by the web and inaccessible for welding.  

The hole also minimizes the induction of thermal stresses with a combination of partially releasing the welded section, avoiding welding the T section where the flange joins the web and improving cooling conditions.

The configuration adopted for web access holes affects how the beam joint will bend when under stress.

Complete penetration

Welds may be classified as either Complete Joint Penetration (CJP) or Partial Joint Penetration (PJP).  CJP welds extend completely through the thickness of components joined.  A CJP weld transmits the full load-carrying capacity of the structural components joined, and is important for seismic safety.

Complete penetration usually requires welding on both sides of a joint.  Weld access holes in the web of a beam make it possible to weld both sides of a flange, making the flange joint stronger, at the expense of the web joint.

The strength of a flange joint is important, because the flange resists bending moment of a beam.

See also
 EN 1993

References

External links
STEEL MOMENT CONNECTIONS

Structural engineering
Welding