omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Tange International Co.. Tange International Co. is a major Japanese manufacturer of high-quality steel tubing for bicycle frames, established before 1920.

They are a rival to the British-based tubing manufacturer Reynolds. Where the de facto standard of bicycle tubing from European bike boom bikes is Reynolds steel, the Japanese de facto standard is Tange. They were also found throughout the 1980s on many higher-quality far eastern-produced bikes because of the higher cost of Reynolds steel.

They still produce high-quality frame tubing to compete with companies like Reynolds and Columbus; however, they only produce chromoly steel nowadays instead of mangaloy steel.  Their current tubing range consists of four tiers: Tange Chromo, Infinity, Prestige and Ultimate.

Soma have been using Tange Prestige tubes since 2007, and the first non-Italian tube to be used by Pinarello was Tange Prestige. The British bicycle manufacturer Charge also uses a variety of Tange tubing for their steel frames.

See also
 Columbus (company)
 Reynolds Technology

References

External links 
 Official website

Cycle parts manufacturers
Cycle manufacturers of Japan
1920 establishments in Japan
Companies based in Osaka Prefecture
Leonard Peskett. Leonard Peskett, OBE (1861 – 1924) was the Cunard Line's Senior naval architect, designer  and the designer of the company's ocean liners RMS Mauretania, RMS Lusitania, RMS Aquitania, and the RMS Carmania.

Peskett came to Cunard in 1884 from  H.M. Dockyard, where he had been an apprentice shipwright. He remained at Cunard until his death in 1924.

He is the author of the paper "The design of steamships from the owner's point of view," published in Transactions of the Institution of Naval Architects, London, 1914

References

Boat and ship designers
1861 births
1924 deaths
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
HESA Sofreh Mahi. Sofreh Mâhi (, "Eagle ray") is an Iranian stealth UCAV under development. Little is known about the drone but scaled down mock-ups shown during Iranian Army Day 2010 parade show that it has a flat diamond shape body with twin vertical stabilizers. First reference to the drone was given by Lieutenant Commander of the Iranian Air Force General Aziz Nasirzadeh who reported that the first tests of the drone were finished.

Development 

Iran officially stated that it is working on a stealth UCAV named Sofreh Mahi on 7 Feb. 2010. Iranian officials reported that the drone has a shape similar to the Eagle ray resulting in the drone being called the Sofreh Mahi (the Persian for "Eagle Ray"). The drone is also made out of special materials that absorb radar energy. These two features give it the ability to evade enemy radars.

General Aziz Nasirzadeh, Lieutenant Commander of the Iranian Army Air Force, stated that the UAV 'Sofreh Mahi' has been designed and manufactured for reconnaissance and bombing missions, considering its radar-evading capability.

General Nasirzadeh also announced that once the aircraft passes further tests, and its features and capabilities are completed, the Defense Ministry will begin the production. "Production of the actual size as well as mounting and testing weapons and a number of systems on the aircraft are the next phases before we can start its mass production", Nasirzadeh said.

In February 2011 Iran announced that it is going to build and test a real scale model of the plane, however this is a long process and can take a long time to finish. Nasirzadeh said that "It is just one of Iran's UAV projects and one of our goals is to produce such planes. Because the world is moving towards that direction."

Specifications
This Iranian bird is about 1.2 meters long and has a wingspan of over 2.22 meters, and uses a combustion engine with a plastic propeller in front of the body to fly; on the other hand, the prototype of the fish-stinging bird has a maximum flight range of about 2,000 meters, a range of about 15 kilometers, a flight duration of 60 minutes, and a speed of about 170 kilometers per hour.

See also

References

Aircraft manufactured in Iran
Unmanned stealth aircraft
V-tail aircraft
Unmanned military aircraft of Iran
Faraday balance. A Faraday balance is a device used to measure magnetic susceptibility, a property of matter is related to the force experienced by a substance in a magnetic field. Various practical devices are available for the measurement of susceptibility, with differences in the shape of the field and the way the force is measured.

In the Faraday balance, the magnetic field is homogeneous. The pole pieces of the magnet are shaped so that there is a region in which the product of the field strength and the field gradient in the z direction is constant; the sample to be measured is placed in this region. The force in this case is independent of the packing of the sample and depends only on the total mass of the material present. The method is sensitive and highly reproducible, and can be applied to single crystals. The force is measured as a weight change using a torsion balance.

An alternative method for measuring magnetic susceptibility is the Gouy balance. In this technique there is an inhomogeneous magnetic field in the central region between two (flat) poles of a magnet, either a permanent magnet or an electromagnet. The sample must be in powder form and is placed in a cylindrical tube, which is then suspended in such a way that one end lies in the centre of the field and the other is effectively outside the magnetic field. However, errors caused by inefficient packing in the sample tube are difficult to eliminate.

References 

Magnetic devices
University of Science and Technology (Sudan). The University of Science and Technology - Omdurman is a non-profit organization which was founded in March 1995. The founder and chairman of the university is Elmutaz Elberier.

Foundation 

The University of Science and Technology is located in Omdurman (Standard Arabic Umm Durmān أم درمان), the largest city in Sudan and Khartoum State. It aims to expand the base of computer and applied science; starting with the faculties of information technology, computer science and computer engineering which became known as the electrical and electronic engineering faculties; with four departments (communication, medical engineering, electronic and computer engineering and computer programming).

Growth 

Then the university opened new specialties such as Medical Laboratories Science and medicine were followed by it after ten years of two programs Dentistry and Pharmacy.

The year 2001 saw the start of the architecture program and then in 2002 came the business administration program.
In 2005 another department was added to the engineering faculty which is a chemical engineering.

Faculty 
 Faculty of Medicine 
 Faculty of Dentistry
 Faculty of Pharmacy
 Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science
 Faculty of Engineering
 Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology
 Faculty of Administrative Sciences
 Faculty of Graduate Studies

Centers

Research Centers 
 Modern Agricultural Technology Center
 UST Center For AIDS Research
 UST Center For Malaria Research
 Diseased tissue and cell center
 Center for Population and Development Studies
 Center for Omdurman Studies

Administrative Centers 
 Information Technology Center
 English Language Service Center
 E-Learning and Distance Learning Center
 Al-Barir Cultural Center

See also 

 Education in Sudan

References 

Universities and colleges in Sudan
Science and technology in Sudan
Non-profit organisations based in Sudan
Education in Sudan
1995 establishments in Sudan
Universities and colleges established in 1995
Sun Baoguo. Sun Baoguo (, born February 28, 1961) is an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE), professor of food science and chemical engineering in Beijing Technology and Business University.

In China, Professor Sun is an expert in the research of spices and the only CAS/CAE academician for food science.

References 

Chinese food scientists
Members of the Chinese Academy of Engineering
Engineering educators
People from Yantai
1961 births
Living people
Tsinghua University alumni
Educators from Shandong
Academic staff of Beijing Technology and Business University
Scientists from Shandong
Aviatik C.V. The Aviatik C.V was a German experimental reconnaissance biplane with a distinctive gull upper wing built during the First World War. Not to be confused with the DFW C.V which was licence built by Aviatik as the Aviatik C.VI.

The prototype was built in 1916. It was listed in front-line service in June 1917, but this may have been a clerical error.

Bibliography

References

C.V
Biplanes
Morris Asimow. Morris Asimow (November 27, 1906 – January 10, 1982) was an American educator.

Professor of Engineering Systems at the University of California in Los Angeles

Career and published work
He developed and taught the discipline of engineering design and published one of the early texts on the subject:

Introduction to Design (Prentice-Hall, 1962)

In this book, he was the initial author to discuss morphology in engineering design. 
His methodology was connected directly to his creation of engineering philosophy. 
His morphology then, was simple, he stated "design morphology proceeds from the abstract to the concrete". He then gave an early (1950s) rendition of complexity and socioeconomic systems which would make such a process very difficult, and defined the "operational discipline" of engineering as that of design.

Other books

 Torsional vibration in automobiles (1931)
 An investigation of the plastic flow processes involved in drawing (1934)
 Theory and principles of engineering design: Course 106B: (1961)
 Brazil Project: technical assistance for stimulating (1962)
 Brazil Project: technical assistance for stimulation  Volumen 2  (1962)
 Brazil project : feasibility studies & preliminary designs: a (1963)
 Modern systems and its application to large scale systems (1966)
 Tale of two planets  (1981)

See also
 Engineering design process

References

1906 births
1982 deaths
UCLA Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science faculty
American engineering writers
Power–delay product. In digital electronics, the power–delay product (PDP) is a figure of merit correlated with the energy efficiency of a logic gate or logic family. Also known as switching energy, it is the product of power consumption P (averaged over a switching event) times the input–output delay or duration of the switching event D. It has the dimension of energy and measures the energy consumed per switching event.

In a CMOS circuit the switching energy and thus the PDP for a 0-to-1-to-0 computation cycle is CL·VDD2. Therefore, lowering the supply voltage VDD lowers the PDP.

Energy-efficient circuits with a low PDP may also be performing very slowly, thus energy–delay product (EDP), the product of E and D (or P and D2), is sometimes a preferable metric.

In CMOS circuits the delay is inversely proportional to the supply voltage VDD and hence EDP is proportional to VDD. Consequently, lowering VDD also benefits EDP.

See also
 Voltage scaling
 Switching power

References

Further reading
 
 
 
 

Logic families
Digital electronics
Laser dye. A Laser dye is a dye used as laser medium in a dye laser.

Laser dyes include the coumarins and the rhodamines.  Coumarin dyes emit in the green region of the spectrum, whereas rhodamine dyes are used for emission in the yellow-red.  The color emitted by the laser dyes depend upon the surrounding medium i.e.the medium in which they are dissolved. However, there are dozens of laser dyes that can be used to span continuously the emission spectrum from the near ultraviolet to the near infrared.   
 
Laser dyes are also used to dope solid-state matrices, such as poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and ORMOSILs, to provide gain media for solid state dye lasers.

Examples 

 Coumarins (in various nomenclatures such as Coumarin 480, 490, 504, 521, 504T, 521T) 
 Fluorescein
 Polyphenyl ("polyphenyl 1")
 Rhodamine 6G
 Rhodamine B
 Rhodamine 123
 Umbelliferone (also known as 7-hydroxycoumarin)

See also 

 Organic laser
 Solid state dye laser

References 

Laser gain media
Nanning–Pingxiang high-speed railway. Nanning–Pingxiang high-speed railway is a high-speed railway between Nanning and Pingxiang in Guangxi, China. Rather than being a central government initiative, this project is largely being coordinated at a regional level, in Guangxi.

History
The railway is being built in two sections: Nanning to Chongzuo, and Chongzuo to Pingxiang. Construction on the Nanning to Chongzuo section started on 28 October 2018. Construction on the Chongzuo to Pingxiang section started on 28 September 2020.

Erection of the overhead wires for the Nanning to Chongzuo section began in December 2020.

The Nanning to Chongzuo section was opened on 5 December 2022.

Route
Between Fusui South and Pingxiang East, the line runs roughly parallel to the Hunan–Guangxi railway.

Stations

Future Development
It would connect to railways in northern Vietnam, and this line is seen as the first stage of a high-speed network reaching as far as Singapore. Cross-border traffic will connect to the proposed North-South Express Railway.

References

High-speed railway lines in China
Rail transport in Guangxi
Baking powder submarine. A baking powder submarine is a plastic toy submarine that dives and surfaces with the addition of baking powder. Baking powder submarines are sometimes misidentified as "baking soda submarines"; however, baking soda alone dissolves but does not react when placed in water.

History
In 1953 Benjamin and Harry Hirsch, two brothers in a cosmetics company, discovered that carbon dioxide gas bubbles produced in wet baking powder as part of the chemical leavening process could be used to make a toy submarine dive up and down in fresh water.

They sold their idea to the Kellogg's breakfast cereal company in 1954. Buoyed by the popularity of the first American atomic submarine USS Nautilus commissioned in that year, a million  plastic ship model prizes were produced by May. They were mailed out in return for a fee of 25 cents and one cereal boxtop. A smaller  version was later produced to be used as a cereal box prize not requiring separate redemption by mail.

Principle of operation
Baking powder is placed into a compartment in the bottom of the toy which is sealed except for a small hole (or holes). The toy sinks when placed into water, but after a few seconds, enough water leaks in to react with the baking powder and produce carbon dioxide bubbles. The resulting foam creates just enough buoyancy in the toy for it to rise towards the surface of the water. When the toy surfaces, it capsizes, releasing the gas into the air. The toy sinks, beginning the reaction again and repeating the entire process.

The same principle of operation was later used for toy frogmen powered by baking powder in a small container on the foot of the figure. However, some other cereal prizes were cartesian divers, which operated on a different principle and did not require baking powder.

In popular culture
 In the original novel and film Billy Liar, the title character's parents say they declared their love for him by buying him a box of corn flakes with a submarine inside.

 In the Everybody Loves Raymond episode "Your Place or Mine?", Ray and Robert (and later Robert and Frank) fight over who gets to own the submarine cereal prize (Robert loses both times).

Notes

External links
 Torgo's baking powder submarine web page
 A 1955 patent for a baking powder submarine

1950s toys
Powered toys
Model boats
Water toys
CMR Institute of Technology. CMR Institute of Technology (CMRIT) is a private engineering college located in Bengaluru, India. CMRIT is a technical and management institution affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University and approved by All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), New Delhi.  CMRIT is recognized by Government of Karnataka.

Accreditations 
CMRIT is accredited with A++ by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC). All under-graduate engineering programs are accredited by the National Board of Accreditation (NBA).

History 
CMRIT was founded in 2000 by CMR Jnanadhara Trust. It offers courses like Bachelor of Engineering, Master's degree, MCA, MBA and Doctoral programs. The CMR Jnanadhara Trust supports and manages all the activities of the CMR Group of Institutions

CMR Group of Institutions
CMR Institute of Technology
CMR University
CMR National Public School
CMR National P.U. College - HRBR
CMR National P.U. College - ITPL
CMR Centre for Business Studies
CMR Life Skills Institute
NPS International School, Singapore
Ekya School JP Nagar
Ekya School ITPL
Ekya School BTM Layout
Ekya School Kanakpura Road
Ekya School Byrathi

Courses offered
UG Courses
Electronics and Communication Engineering
Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Computer Science Engineering
Information Science Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Civil Engineering
Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence & Data Science
Computer Science Engineering(AIML)
Computer Science Engineering(DS)
PG Courses
Master of Business Administration
Master of Computer Applications
Doctoral Programmes
Research centers affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University
Electronics and Communication Engineering
Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Computer Science Engineering
Information Science Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Civil Engineering
Basic Sciences
Business Administration
Computer Applications

Research
The various centre of Excellence of CMRIT
	CoE-Machine Intelligence and Big Data
	CoE-Data Driven Internet-of Things
	CoE-Integrated Circuits
	CoE-Signal Processing
	CoE-Additive Manufacturing
	CoE-Sensors and Nano Electronics
	CoE-Material Science
	CoE-Natural Resource Management
	CoE-Metallurgical Engineering
	CoE–Intelligent Energy Systems
	CoE–Intelligent Human Computer Interaction
	CoE–Robotic Systems
	CoE–Financial Markets
	CoE–Embedded System
   CoE-Modeling of Dynamical Systems

Makerspace 
 Makerspace@CMRIT is interdisciplinary, collaborative, community-oriented space equipped with latest prototyping equipment and technologies. The purpose of the Makerspace is to enable a hands-on culture where the CMRIT community utilizes theoretical skills and classroom knowledge from a wide range of content areas and experiences in real world projects.

Notable alumni 
 Varun Agarwal, Indian film maker
 Nivedhitha, Indian actress
 Nitin Kushalappa, Indian author
 Nipin G Tharoor (related to famous Tharoor family)
 Amit Singh (Founder/CEO, AI studio)

References

External links
 

All India Council for Technical Education
Affiliates of Visvesvaraya Technological University
Engineering colleges in Bengaluru
AeroVironment Nano Hummingbird. The AeroVironment Nano Hummingbird or Nano Air Vehicle (NAV) is a tiny, remote controlled aircraft built to resemble and fly like a hummingbird, developed in the United States by AeroVironment, Inc. to specifications provided by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). The Hummingbird is equipped with a small video camera for surveillance and reconnaissance purposes and has a flight endurance of up to 11 minutes. It can fly outdoors, or enter a doorway to investigate indoor environments. It was announced to the public on 17 February 2011.

Specifications
DARPA contributed $4 million to AeroVironment since 2006 to create a prototype "hummingbird-like" aircraft for the Nano Air Vehicle (NAV) program.  The result was called the Nano Hummingbird which can fly at  and move in three axes of motion.  The aircraft can climb and descend vertically; fly sideways left and right; forward and backward; rotate clockwise and counter-clockwise; and hover in mid-air.  The artificial hummingbird maneuvers using its flapping wings for propulsion and attitude control.  It has a body shaped like a real hummingbird, a wingspan of , and a total flying weight of —less than an AA battery.  This includes the systems required for flight: batteries, motors, and communications systems; as well as the video camera payload.

Technical goals
DARPA established flight test milestones for the Hummingbird to achieve and the finished prototype met all of them, and even exceeded some of these objectives:

The device is bigger and heavier than a typical real hummingbird, but is smaller and lighter than the largest hummingbird varieties. It could be deployed to perform reconnaissance and surveillance in urban environments or on battlefields, and might perch on windowsills or power lines, or enter buildings to observe its surroundings, relaying camera views back to its operator. According to DARPA,
the Nano Air Vehicle's configuration will "provide the warfighter with unprecedented capability for urban mission operations."

References

External links

 Press release
 Videos of the Nano Hummingbird in action
 DARPA Nano Air Vehicle web page
 DARPA Nano Air Vehicle Program: Fact Sheet

Nano Hummingbird
Surveillance
2010s United States experimental aircraft
Unmanned aerial vehicles of the United States
Ornithopters
Micro air vehicles
Beijing–Fuzhou high-speed railway. The Beijing–Fuzhou high-speed railway () is completed high-speed rail corridor, intended to connect Beijing and Fuzhou.

Route 
The line shares tracks with the following railway lines:
Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway between Beijing and Bengbu
Hefei–Bengbu high-speed railway between Bengbu and Hefei
Hefei–Fuzhou high-speed railway between Hefei and Fuzhou
Fuzhou–Pingtan railway, between Fuzhou and Pingtan
Thereafter, it would cross an undersea tunnel which has been proposed by the Chinese government, which would connect Pingtan and Hsinchu. It would share tracks with the Taiwan High Speed Rail from Hsinchu to Taipei. 

Project planning is unilateral, undertaken without the participation of Taiwan, which the People's Republic of China claims, but has never controlled. The Pingtan–Taipei portion of the railway headed to Taiwan is referred as "possible long-term future expansions" in construction documents of Fuzhou–Pingtan section.

Parallel corridors 
The Chinese government has planned the Beijing–Hong Kong (Taipei) corridor as a parallel railway corridor. The corridor will pass through the cities of Hengshui, Shangqiu, Hefei and Fuzhou.

Reception 
The plan has been both mocked  and welcomed by different parties in Taiwan.

See also 
 Taiwan Strait Tunnel Project

References 

Cross-strait relations
High-speed rail in China
High-speed rail in Taiwan