omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Cooke Locomotive and Machine Works. The Cooke Locomotive and Machine Works, located in Paterson, New Jersey, manufactured steam railroad locomotives from 1852 until it was merged with seven other manufacturers to form American Locomotive Company (ALCO) in 1901.

History
The firm was established in 1852 by former Rogers Locomotive and Machine Works superintendent (and son-in-law of William Swinburne of Swinburne, Smith and Company) John Cooke and former Montreal resident Charles Danforth as the Danforth, Cooke, and Company, as a manufacturer of steam locomotives as well as cotton machinery.  The company was renamed Danforth Locomotive and Machine Company in 1865, with Danforth serving as president until 1871, four years before his death in 1875.  Cooke succeeded Danforth as president in 1871, continuing in such capacity until his own death in 1882, after which Cooke's sons,  John, Frederick, and Charles reorganized the firm as the Cooke Locomotive and Machine Works, and continued operating the company as such until the merger in 1901.
In 1901, Cooke and several other locomotive manufacturers merged to form the American Locomotive Company; Cooke's plant becomes the Alco-Cooke Works, and locomotive production continued at the plant until 1926.  Approximately 2600 locomotives were built by Cooke from 1852 to 1901, among the most notable engines produced by the firm are the C. P. Huntington, and the Western & Atlantic Railroad "Texas".

Exports
In addition to providing motive power for North American railroads, Cooke has also produced many locomotives for Central and South America as well as other parts of the world.  Examples of exported locomotives include two 0-8-2 tank locomotives for the Port Talbot Railway and Docks Company, South Wales, in 1899, as well as Barry Railway's five class K 0-6-2T locomotives the same year.  The firm also produced 2-6-2T locomotives for the War Department Light Railways to be used in France during World War I, preserved examples of which can be found on the Froissy Dompierre Light Railway and Ffestiniog Railway.

Preserved Cooke locomotives
The following is a list of preserved locomotives built by Cooke before the ALCO merger in 1901. They are listed here in serial number order.

In addition to the above locomotives, the White Pass and Yukon Route railroad WP&YR owns and maintains a steam-powered snowplow built by Cooke in 1899. This unit is on static display in Skagway, Alaska (see Rotary snowplow for a photo).

The following is a list of preserved locomotives built at the Cooke factory after the ALCO merger.

References

External links 

 Steam Locomotive Builders
 Steam locomotive preservation information

Defunct locomotive manufacturers of the United States
 
History of Paterson, New Jersey
Economy of Paterson, New Jersey
Transportation in Paterson, New Jersey
Historic American Engineering Record in New Jersey
Industrial buildings and structures in New Jersey
Companies based in Passaic County, New Jersey
James Rumbaugh. James E. Rumbaugh (born August 22, 1947) is an American computer scientist and object-oriented methodologist who is best known for his work in creating the Object Modeling Technique (OMT) and the Unified Modeling Language (UML).

Biography 
Born in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, Rumbaugh received a B.S. in physics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), an M.S. in astronomy from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), and received a Ph.D. in computer science from MIT under Professor Jack Dennis.

Rumbaugh started his career in the 1960s at Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) as a lead research scientist. From 1968 to 1994 he worked at the General Electric Research and Development Center developing technology, teaching, and consulting. At General Electric he also led the development of Object-modeling technique (OMT), an object modeling language for software modeling and designing.

In 1994, he joined Rational Software, where he worked with Ivar Jacobson and Grady Booch ("the Three Amigos") to develop Unified Modeling Language (UML). Later they merged their software development methologies, OMT, OOSE and Booch into the Rational Unified Process (RUP). In 2003 he moved to IBM, after its acquisition of Rational Software. He retired in 2006.

He has two grown up children and (in 2009) lived in Saratoga, California with his wife, Madeline Morrow.

Work 
Rumbaugh's main research interests are formal description languages, "semantics of computation, tools for programming productivity, and applications using complex algorithms and data structures".

In his graduate work at MIT, Rumbaugh contributed to the development of data flow computer architecture. His thesis described parallel programming language, parallel processor computer and a basis for a network architecture, which orients itself at data flow. Rumbaugh made further contributions to Object Modeling Technique, IDEF4, the Rational Unified Process and Unified Modeling Language.

Publications 
Rumbaugh has written a number of books about UML and RUP together with Ivar Jacobson and Grady Booch. A selection includes:

 1975. A Parallel Asynchronous Computer Architecture For Data Flow Programs. MIT thesis 
 1991. Object-Oriented Modeling and Design. With others. Prentice Hall, .
 1996. OMT insights : perspectives on modeling from the Journal of Object-Oriented Programming. Foreword by James Coplien.
 1999. Unified software development process
 2005. Object-oriented modeling and design with UML

References

External links

James Rumbaugh – Biography on InformIT

1947 births
Living people
Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science alumni
California Institute of Technology alumni
American technology writers
American computer scientists
Digital Equipment Corporation people
General Electric people
IBM employees
American software engineers
Software engineering researchers
Computer science writers
Unified Modeling Language
People from Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
People from Saratoga, California
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Bridge router. A bridge router or brouter is a network device that works as a bridge and as a router. The brouter routes packets for known protocols and simply forwards all other packets as a bridge would.

Brouters operate at both the network layer for routable protocols and at the data link layer for non-routable protocols. As networks continue to become more complex, a mix of routable and non-routable protocols has led to the need for the combined features of bridges and routers. Brouters handle both routable and non-routable features by acting as routers for routable protocols and bridges for non-routable protocols. Bridged protocols might propagate throughout the network, but techniques such as filtering and learning might be used to reduce potential congestion. Brouters are used as connecting devices in the networking system, so they act as a bridge in a network and as a router in an internetwork.

See also
Multilayer switch

References

Networking hardware
Unified Parallel C. Unified Parallel C (UPC) is an extension of the C programming language designed for high-performance computing on large-scale parallel machines, including those with a common global address space (SMP and NUMA) and those with distributed memory (e. g. clusters). The programmer is presented with a single partitioned global address space; where shared variables may be directly read and written by any processor, but each variable is physically associated with a single processor. UPC uses a single program, multiple data (SPMD) model of computation in which the amount of parallelism is fixed at program startup time, typically with a single thread of execution per processor.

In order to express parallelism, UPC extends ISO C 99 with the following constructs:

 An explicitly parallel execution model
 A shared address space ( storage qualifier) with thread-local parts (normal variables)
 Synchronization primitives and a memory consistency model
 Explicit communication primitives, e. g. upc_memput
 Memory management primitives

The UPC language evolved from experiences with three other earlier languages that proposed parallel extensions to ISO C 99: AC, Split-C, and Parallel C preprocessor (PCP). UPC is not a superset of these three languages, but rather an attempt to distill the best characteristics of each. UPC combines the programmability advantages of the shared memory programming paradigm and the control over data layout and performance of the message passing programming paradigm.

See also 
 Cilk
 Coarray Fortran
 Chapel
 X10
 High Performance Fortran
 OpenMP
 Partitioned global address space
 Parallel programming model
 Software transactional memory

External links 
 
 UPC at LBNL
 UPC at GWU 
 GNU UPC
 UPC Tutorial (2003)

Concurrent programming languages
Parallel computing
C programming language family
Kabuki: Quantum Fighter. is a 2D platform game developed by Human Entertainment and published by HAL Laboratory for the Nintendo Entertainment System. It was originally released on December 21, 1990, in Japan and was released in January 1991 for the North American market before being released in Europe on February 20, 1992.

Plot

In the year 2056, a virus has appeared in the main defense computer of the planet Earth. The origin and nature are unknown. Players adopt the persona of 25-year-old Colonel Scott O'Connor, a military agent who has transferred his brain into raw binary code using experimental technology in order to combat a rogue program in the main defense computer. When O'Connor enters the system, his body forms the self-image of his great-great-grandfather, who was a kabuki actor. The virus in the virtual world takes on properties of an actual virus-it leaves behind debris, mutant creatures, and parasite environments of a biological nature. At the final level, it is revealed that the virus is of alien origin, having been picked up by the lost Hyperion probe launched to a neighboring planet. O'Connor stops it before the virus can order the Hyperion to fire its laser weapons and destroy the human population.

Gameplay
The field is generally side-scrolling, with a single room with a boss at the end of each level. O'Connor uses his long hair and chip-based weaponry to attack enemies inside the computer. The chip-weaponry includes the Energy Gun, Fusion Gun, Quantum Bombs and Remote-Controlled Bolo.

Regional differences
The Family Computer version was designed as a tie-in to the 1990 Kaizo Hayashi film Zipang. In this version, a fifteen-year-boy named Bobby Yano transforms into his samurai ancestor, Jigoku Gokurakumaru, and enters a supercomputer on a space station to clear it of viruses. References to the film were removed in the international releases.

Reception

Kabuki: Quantum Fighter received mixed to positive reviews upon its release. Nintendo Power described the game as sci-fi action. It received a rating of 3.6 out of 5 for Graphics and Sound, 3.6 out of 5 for Play Control, 3.5 out of 5 for Challenge, and a 3.7 out of 5 for Theme and Fun.

Paul Glancey and Paul Rand of Computer and Video Games magazine gave an overall score of 82 out of 100 in their review. The reviewers praised the detailed graphics but criticized the sound. Despite some initial skepticism, they found the game enjoyable after getting used to its difficulty and peculiar storyline. The game's ratings in specific categories were as follows: 85 for graphics, 53 for sound, 79 for playability, and 84 for lastability.

References

1990 video games
Cyberpunk video games
Fiction set in 2056
HAL Laboratory games
Human Entertainment games
Nintendo Entertainment System games
Nintendo Entertainment System-only games
Pack-In-Video games
Platformers
Side-scrolling video games
Single-player video games
Video games about viral outbreaks
Video games developed in Japan
Video games set in computers
Video games set in the 2050s
CompactRISC. CompactRISC is a family of instruction set architectures from National Semiconductor.
The architectures are designed according to reduced instruction set computing principles, and are mainly used in microcontrollers.
The subarchitectures of this family are the 16-bit CR16 and CR16C and the 32-bit CRX.

Architectures
Features of CR16 family: compact implementations (less than 1 mm2 with 250 nm), addressing of 2 MB (2), frequencies up to 66 MHz, hardware multiplier for 16-bit integers.

It has complex instructions such as bit manipulation, saving/restoring and push/pop of several registers with single command.

CR16 has 16 general purpose registers of 16 bits, and address registers of 21 bits wide. There are 8 special registers: program counter, interrupt stack pointer ISP, interrupt vector address register INTBASE, status register PSR, configuration register and 3 debug registers. Status register implements flags: C, T, L, F, Z, N, E, P, I.

Instructions are encoded in two-address form in several formats, usually they have 16-bit encoding, but there are two formats for medium immediate instructions with length of 32-bit. Typical opcode length is 4 bits (bits 9–12 of most encoding types. Basic encoding formats are:
 Register-to-register,
 Short 5-bit immediate value to register,
 Medium immediate of 16-bit value to register (32-bit encoding),
 Load/store relative with short 5-bit displacement (2-bit opcode),
 Load/store relative with medium 18-bit displacement (32-bit encoding, 2-bit opcode).

CR16C comes with a different opcode encoding format, has 23–32-bit-wide address registers and provides two 32-bit general purpose registers.

CR16 implements traps and interrupts. Implementations of CR16 has three-stage pipeline: fetch, decode, execute.

CR16 products
CR16 was used in several National Semiconductor microcontrollers, and since 2001 integrated microcontrollers were available having built-in flash memory. Since 2007 CR16-based IP was available to licensing

References

External links
National Semiconductor Embedded Microcontrollers (CR16 and COP8)
CompactRISC Core Architecture page on  National Semiconductor website (archived copy from 2007)
CR16B Programmer’s Reference Manual,  National Semiconductor, 1997
GCC CR16 port

Microcontrollers
Michael Perry (software engineer). Michael D. Perry, is a United States software engineer. He is the founder of InterCommerce Corporation.

Originally a programmer and software designer, he founded Progressive Computer Services, Inc., which published utility software for the IBM PC market.  The company was best known for EZ-Menu, a utility that was declared PC Magazine "Editor's Choice", PC Home Journal "Best Product", and Personal Computing Magazine H "Publisher's Pick". Perry was the principal designer and architect of the prototype online yellow pages system for Bell Atlantic, an environmental database for the United Nations and an online hotel reservation system acquired by hotels.com.

Perry founded the e-commerce company InterCommerce Corporation, of which he is CEO. The company provides advanced e-commerce and Internet technology solutions through networks in the United States, England and the Isle of Man.  it handles over US$2M in online transactions a month.

During the 1990s Perry developed many dot-com portal projects including Survey.net, an early online polling system, one of the earliest online shopping cart systems available on the Internet.  He also registered a number of common domain names such as folk.com, nerd.com, wisdom.com, humankind.com and others.  In 2000, Perry sold wisdom.com for US$475,000.  At the time this was the third-highest cash sale for any domain name.

Perry is currently involved in a number of projects including a new content management system and a wine-tasting portal.

He contributed a chapter to HTML & CGI Unleashed, and contributed to The PC User's Survival Guide.

He resides in New Orleans and was a survivor of Hurricane Katrina.   He also runs a recording studio.

References
Aspinwall, Jim & Burke, Rory & Todd, Mike. PC User's Survival Guide, (New York: M&T, 1989) 
December, John & Ginsburg, Mark. HTML & CGI Unleashed, (Lebanon, Indiana, U.S.A.: Macmillan Computer, 1995)

External links
 Mike Perry's home page
 Mike Perry media - showcasing photography

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Writers from New Orleans
Brother Martin High School alumni
American male writers
Lockheed XB-30. The Lockheed XB-30 (company model L-249) was the design submitted by Lockheed after the request by the United States Army Air Forces for a very heavy bomber, the same request that led to the Boeing B-29 Superfortress, the Douglas XB-31 and Consolidated B-32 Dominator.

Design and development
Around 1938, General Henry H. "Hap" Arnold, the head of the United States Army Air Corps, was growing alarmed at the possibility of war in Europe and in the Pacific. Hoping to be prepared for the long-term requirements of the Air Corps, Arnold created a special committee chaired by Brigadier General Walter G. Kilner; one of its members was Charles Lindbergh. After a tour of Luftwaffe bases, Lindbergh became convinced that Nazi Germany was far ahead of other European nations.

In a 1939 report, the committee made a number of recommendations, including development of new long-range heavy bombers. When war broke out in Europe, Arnold requested design studies from several companies on a Very Long-Range bomber capable of traveling . Approval was granted on 2 December 1939.

Based on the design of the Lockheed L-049 (subsequently adopted by the United States Army Air Forces as the C-69), the L-249 never progressed past the design stage, mainly because Boeing had a head start with its Boeing B-29 Superfortress , using the same Wright R-3350 Duplex-Cyclone radials as the XB-30 was intended to use. Only a scale model was built. Retaining the wings and tail surfaces of the Model 49, the Model 249-58-01 was to have had a new fuselage with up to six gun turrets (one in the nose, two above and two below the fuselage, and one in the tail) housing ten .50-caliber guns—twinned up in each turret for the nose, dorsal, and ventral emplacements; and one 20-mm cannon for the tail defensive position. Ventral bomb bays were to accommodate eight  bombs.

Specifications (as proposed)

See also

References
Notes

Bibliography

 Stringfellow, Curtis K., and Peter M. Bowers. Lockheed Constellation. St. Paul, Minnesota: Motorbooks, 1992.

External links
 USAF Museum — XB-30 Factsheet

B-030
Four-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United States
XB-30
Four-engined piston aircraft
Triple-tail aircraft
Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear
Rollo Carpenter. Rollo Carpenter (born 1965) is the British-born creator of Jabberwacky and Cleverbot, learning artificial intelligence (AI) software. Carpenter worked as CTO of a business software startup in Silicon Valley.

Cleverbot 
In 2011, Cleverbot, a learning AI conversationalist, took part alongside humans in a formal Turing Test at the Techniche 2011 festival at IIT Guwahati, India on 3 September. The results from 1,334 votes were announced 4 September 2011. Cleverbot was judged to be 59.3% human, far exceeding expectations. The humans in the event achieved just 63.3%.

References

External links 
cleverbot.com
jabberwacky.com
PopSci clip of Cleverbot

British computer scientists
British artificial intelligence researchers
Living people
1965 births
Ford MA. The Ford MA Concept concept car was a 2002 minimalist design exercise drawn by Jose Paris and championed by Ford's VP of design J. Mays. It  was exhibited as an art object in museums as well as a traditional concept car in auto shows. It received an IDSA Silver Industrial Design Excellence Award in 2003.

The MA displayed many unusual automotive practices.  It had the shape of a low slung two seat roadster with no top, but it was powered by an electric motor.  The design was flexible enough, though, to accommodate a small internal combustion engine.

Very few of the parts were painted and there were none of the usual hydraulic fluids or industrial adhesives common in most cars, making it 96% recyclable.

It was designed to be assembled and disassembled easily with a minimal amount of equipment.  There were no welds holding it together:  Instead, its 500 or so pieces of bamboo, aluminum and carbon fibre were held together with 364 titanium bolts.  The total weight was said to be .

Some automotive columnists have presented the Ford MA as the forerunner to a small series kit car, much like the Lotus Seven. Others have called it an IKEA-mobile.

External links 
 Coverage at ConceptCar.co.uk
 Article in Motor Trend 

MA
Lewis Cubitt. Lewis Cubitt (29 September 1799 – 9 June 1883) was an English civil engineer and architect.

Life

He was a younger brother of Thomas Cubitt, the leading master builder in London in the second quarter of the 19th century, and he designed many of the housing developments constructed by his sibling. He also was a younger brother of William Cubitt, the Lord Mayor of London.

He built many bridges in his career, most of them being in South America, Australia and India. Lewis was jointly responsible for designing the rebuilt London Bridge railway station in 1844. He also designed Bricklayers Arms (1844) and King's Cross railway stations (1851–52) and the Great Northern Hotel (1854).

Legacy

As part of the ongoing redevelopment of the adjoining railway lands, now known as King's Cross Central, a granary designed by Cubitt has been refurbished as the main campus facility for Central Saint Martins, a constituent college of the University of the Arts London. The structural rivet Cubitt used in his development of the granary inspired the hinges used by eyewear brand Cubitts, who are named after the Cubitt brothers.

Lewis Cubbitt Square and Lewis Cubitt Park, in the London Borough of Camden commemorate Cubitt's work in the area.

Family
He married Sophia Kendall (1811-1879) on 23 January 1830.

References

1799 births
1883 deaths
Architects from London
British railway architects
People associated with transport in London
Transport design in London
Douglas XB-31. The Douglas XB-31 (Douglas Model 332) was the design submitted by Douglas after the request by the United States Army Air Forces for a very heavy bomber aircraft, the same request that led to the Boeing B-29 Superfortress, Lockheed XB-30, and Consolidated B-32 Dominator.

Design and development
Around 1938, United States Army General Henry H. "Hap" Arnold, the head of the US Army Air Corps (USAAC), was growing alarmed at the possibility of war in Europe and in the Pacific. Hoping to be prepared for the long-term requirements of the Air Force, Arnold created a special committee chaired by Brigadier General W. G. Kilner; one of its members was Charles Lindbergh. The Douglas firm at the time was working on an even larger, 212 foot (64.6 meter) wingspan four-engined strategic bomber prototype airframe, the Douglas XB-19, that made her maiden flight in late June 1941.   

After a tour of Luftwaffe bases, Lindbergh became convinced that Nazi Germany was far ahead of other European nations. In a report in 1939, the committee made a number of recommendations, including development of new long-range heavy bombers. When war broke out in Europe, Arnold requested design studies from several companies on a Very Long-Range bomber capable of travelling 5,000 miles (8,000 km). Approval was granted on 2 December 1939.

Throughout 1939 and 1940 Douglas investigated designs of the Model 332 with different powerplants (Wright R-2600, Pratt and Whitney R-2800, Wright R-2160, Wright R-3350). All were designed to have roughly same operating range, with variations in the projected service ceiling.

The XB-31 design was rejected in favor of the B-29 and B-32 (along with the XB-30) because the USAAC found the B-29 superior to the Douglas and Lockheed designs.

Specifications (Model 332F as designed)

See also

References

Citations

Bibliography

 Francillon, René J. McDonnell Douglas Aircraft since 1920. London: Putnam & Company Ltd., 1979. .
 Jones, Lloyd S. U.S. Bombers: B-1 1928 to B-1 1980s. Fallbrook, California: Aero Publishers, Inc., 1974. .

External links

Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United States
B-31
B-31, Douglas
High-wing aircraft
Four-engined piston aircraft