omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
SAPICA. is a rechargeable contactless smart card ticketing system for public transport in Sapporo, Japan. Sapporo City Transportation Bureau (SCTB) introduced the system from January 30, 2009. The name of the card means "Sapporo's IC card".  is also the sound symbolic word for quickly pulling a card out and  is the equivalent of "beep". The card is issued by , the third sector (half public) company of Sapporo City Government.

The integrated service with Kitaca, a smart card system by JR Hokkaidō, was initially considered, but they decided to introduce the different systems because of the technical and financial difficulties. The two operators initially hoped to start an integrated service, but as of February 2020 Sapica still can not be used on JR services.

While SAPICA uses FeliCa NFC technology, just like Suica and Kitaca, SCTB intentionally uses a different system code and encryption key to break compatibility, thus avoiding JR East licensing fees.

From 2001 to 2004, Sapporo Municipal Subway experimented with the rollout of different smart card called , which was ultimately scrapped.

Usable area

As of its introduction on January 30, 2009, the card is usable on Sapporo Municipal Subway Lines, as well as on the Sapporo Streetcar, Hokkaido Chuo Bus, JR Hokkaido Bus and Jotetsu Buses. SAPICA can also be used as a payment card at participating stores and vending machines.

Types of cards
Unregistered SAPICA: For adults only.
Registered SAPICA: For adults and children. A card can be reissued when a user lost it.
SAPICA commuter's pass: For adults and children, with registrations.

References

External links 

 Official website
 Official website
 Sapporo Information Network Company

Fare collection systems in Japan
Sapporo Municipal Subway
Contactless smart cards
Smart cards introduced in 2009
Fritz Herzog. Fritz Herzog (6 December 1902 to 21 November 2001) was an American mathematician, known for his work in
complex analysis and power series.

He was born in Germany and studied at the University of Berlin until 1934 when he moved to United States.
He received his Ph.D. degree at Columbia University on a thesis entitled Systems of Algebraic Mixed Difference Equations
advised by Joseph Ritt (1934).
Herzog was an electrical engineering research associate at Cornell University (1938–43), working with
Michel G. Malti on dynamo research. Together they solved an important electric power problem on balancing dynamos, which had remained open since the days of Michael Faraday a century before.
Most of his career was spent at Michigan State University (1943–73) where he gave name to the
Fritz Herzog Prize Endowment Fund.
Herzog died at East Lansing of prostate cancer. 

He had a wife named Helen (née' Korngold) Herzog.

References

20th-century American mathematicians
20th-century German mathematicians
Columbia University alumni
Cornell University faculty
Michigan State University faculty
Emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States
1902 births
2001 deaths
Deaths from cancer in Michigan
Ardie. Ardie was a company in Nürnberg, Germany that manufactured motorcycles from 1919 until 1958. The company's name derives from that of its founder, Arno Dietrich.

At first Ardie made motorcycles with its own 305cc and 348cc single cylinder two-stroke engines. Dietrich was killed in a racing accident in 1922, and the company was taken over by the Bendit company. In 1925 the company switched to using engines from JAP in London, England, that ranged from 246cc through 996cc. Their specifications included one of the earliest uses of aluminum-alloy frames on a mass-produced motorcycle. In the 1930s Ardie switched again to engines made by the German companies Bark, Kūchen and Sachs.

In 1930, Ardie President Willy Bendit assigned German engineer Josef Ganz to build a prototype of a small Volkswagen according to his design. This Ardie-Ganz prototype was finished in September 1930 and achieved highly successful road-test results. The car featured a tubular chassis, mid-mounted engine, and independent wheel suspension with swing-axles at the rear.

In 1936 the company returned to making motorcycles with two-stroke engines of its own manufacture. During the Second World War the company made a model with Ardie's own design of 350cc twin-cylinder side-valve four-stroke engine. After the war the company was taken over the Durkoop factory and made a range of single and twin-cylinder machines ranging from 122cc to 344cc.

References

External links
Ardie Owners' Club
Meisterdinger von Nürnberg Ardie webpages

Motorcycle manufacturers of Germany
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1919
Manufacturing companies based in Nuremberg
D-Rad. D-Rad, short for Deutsches Motorrad, was a motorcycle factory in Berlin (Spandau), Germany. The brand was founded in 1896 as a daughter company of Deutsche Industriewerke AG. From 1920 it produced motorcycles under the brands Star and Derad. In 1923 Deutsche Industrie-Werke took it over and changed the name to D-Rad. NSU merged with Deutsche Industrie-Werke in 1932 and terminated D-Rad production in 1933.

References

External links 
Swiss website about D-Rad 

Motorcycle manufacturers of Germany
Manufacturing companies based in Berlin
Spandau
Głowiński monoplane. The so-called Głowiński monoplane was an otherwise unnamed aircraft built by Bronisław Głowiński in Poland in 1911, and which became the first aircraft built on Polish territory to fly. Głowiński was a student of an Engineering School in Lwów, and he built his plane in his brother's workshop in Ternopil (then: Polish city under Austrian rule). Modelled superficially after the French Blériot XI, Głowiński's design differed from that aircraft most significantly in using a frame of welded steel tube rather than wood, and that an engine was mounted higher. Like the Blériot (and most other designs of the era), the fuselage was left uncovered as an open framework. Although Głowiński managed to make a number of short flights in the machine from May to summer 1911, it was too heavy for the powerplant selected, which itself was worn out, and development was soon abandoned. By 1913, Głowiński had broken up his plane. Parts of the aircraft survived until World War II.

Specifications

References

 
 

1910s Polish experimental aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1911
Express Werke. Express Werke AG was a company formed in 1884 in Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz, Germany that manufactured bicycles and motorcycles. At the start of the company they produced 20 bikes with 16 employees in one year. In the 1930s Express built mopeds and lightweight motorcycles with 75cc and 98cc Sachs engines. From 1949 the company resumed production using Sachs and ILO engines up to 248cc. In 1958 Express merged with DKW and Victoria to form Zweirad Union. Zweirad Union terminated Express production in 1959.

References

External links 
 Express Owners' Club
 Meisterdinger von Nürnberg Express webpages
 Hanselweb webpage with technical details of 1950s Express Radex ZX 151 model

Cycle manufacturers of Germany
Motorcycle manufacturers of Germany
Michel G. Malti. Michel George Malti (November 7, 1895 - May 1978) was an American electrical engineer, known for his work in circuit analysis.  He was born in Deir el Qamar, in modern-day Lebanon and died in Miami, Florida.
He graduated from the Syrian Protestant college (1915) and from Georgia Tech (1922), before joining Cornell University as an instructor and student, earning a M.Sc. (1924) and Ph.D. (1927), all degrees  in electrical engineering.

He continued to serve as research assistant and faculty member in civil engineering and as a professor in electrical engineering until his retirement (1962), spending sabbaticals at the University of Puerto Rico (1947) and the University of Roorkee in India (1955–57). In 1939  Malti and Fritz Herzog solved an important electric power problem on balancing dynamos, which had remained unsolved since the days of Michael Faraday a century before.
He later supervised research on 3D-modeling of Eddy currents.  Malti was an IEEE Fellow.

Works
Circuit analysis (Wiley, 1930).  Translated into Russian.

Notes

American electrical engineers
American University of Beirut alumni
Fellows of the IEEE
Georgia Tech alumni
Cornell University College of Engineering alumni
Cornell University faculty
Lebanese engineers
American people of Lebanese descent
1895 births
1978 deaths
20th-century American engineers
Fabric (geology). In geology, a rock's fabric describes the spatial and geometric configuration of all the elements that make it up. In sedimentary rocks, the fabric developed depends on the depositional environment and can provide information on current directions at the time of deposition. In structural geology, fabrics may provide information on both the orientation and magnitude of the strains that have affected a particular piece of deformed rock.

Types of fabric
 Primary fabric — a fabric created during the original formation of the rock, e.g. a preferred orientation of clast long axes in a conglomerate, parallel to the flow direction, deposited by a fast waning current.
 Shape fabric — a fabric that is defined by the preferred orientation of inequant elements within the rock, such as platy- or needle-like mineral grains. It may also be formed by the deformation of originally equant elements such as mineral grains.
 Crystallographic preferred orientation — in plastically deformed rocks, the constituent minerals commonly display a preferred orientation of their crystal axes as a result of dislocation processes.
 S-fabric — a planar fabric such as cleavage or foliation; when it forms the dominant fabric in a rock, it may be called an S-tectonite.
 L-fabric — a linear fabric such as mineral stretching lineation where aggregates of recrystallised grains are stretched out into the long axis of the finite strain ellipsoid, where it forms the dominant fabric in a rock, it may be called an L-tectonite.
 Penetrative fabric — a fabric that is present throughout the rock, generally down to the grain scale, although this does also depend on the scale at which the observations take place.
Magnetic fabric — orientation of magnetic particles within a rock sample or in soils to determine paleomagnetic history or to quantify tectonic strain.

References

See also
 Rock microstructure
 Texture (geology)
 Orientation tensor

Petrology
Structural geology
Honda Pilot (ATV). The Honda Pilot is an all-terrain vehicle produced by the Honda Motor Company in 1989 and 1990.  This vehicle is also known as the FL400R, the model number assigned to this vehicle by Honda.

Its body style was based on the earlier Honda Odyssey model and was the last ATV manufactured in this style.  The Honda Pilot features a full roll cage and four-point safety harness.

References

Pilot(ATV)
Neander (motorcycle). The Neander motorcycle was designed by Ernst Neumann, who made his name first as a painter and graphic artist, and later turned to motorcycle and car design, going into production in 1928 under the Neander name, and changing his own name to Ernst Neumann-Neander, a doubling of the German and Greek words for 'new man'.

Neumann-Neander designed and built a series of unusual prototype and racing motorcycles with lightweight pressed-aluminum beam frames from which the motors hung, and unique pivoting forks that used a spring box near the steering head. In 1926 he founded Neander Motorfahrzeug GmbH in Düren and went into production, using a pressed-steel frame that was cadmium plated instead of his aluminum prototypes. These novel frames housed a variety of motors, from small 122cc Villiers two-strokes to 350cc and 500cc single-cylinder engines by Küchen, to large v-twins by J.A.P. and Motosacoche.  The Neander motorcycle had futuristic styling, with a curved, padded leather seat behind an egg-shaped fuel tank, and very clean lines. With excellent handling from the pressed-steel frame, Neanders won quite a few races, and have a very comfortable, stable, and predictable ride. Neander also designed a sleek, torpedo-shaped sidecar to accompany his motorcycles.

In 1929 the Opel automobile factory licensed the Neander design, and built the Opel Motoclub in 1929 and 1930 only. Fritz von Opel famously attached a series of rockets to an Opel Motoclub in 1930 as a publicity stunt.  There was also a briefly licensed Neander sold under the E-O (Elite-Opel) name in 1931.

It’s estimated around 2000 Neander motorcycles were built, before Neumann-Neander turned his attention to a series of experimental 'Fahrmaschinen' small cars with motorcycle engines (1934–39), motorcycles with differential wheel sizes (1937–40), and a few final experiments in 1947-49 with two, three, and four-wheelers.

More recently, the Neander name has been applied to a diesel-powered motorcycle, produced in Germany by Neander AG.

References

Motorcycle manufacturers of Germany
American Eagle Aircraft Corporation. The American Eagle Aircraft Corporation was an American aircraft design and manufacturing company which existed briefly in Kansas, but which was a victim of the Great Depression, after building some 500 light airplanes, many of which were the Model A-129, a design attributed to noted aviation pioneer Giuseppe Mario Bellanca.

History
The American Eagle Aircraft Corporation was started in 1925 in Kansas City, Kansas by Edward E. Porterfield. It was incorporated in Delaware in September 1928.

Porterfield was running a flying school at the Fairfax Airport outside Kansas City. He had been operating Jennies and Lincoln Standard biplane trainers, and felt the need for a more suitable and better-performing trainer aircraft. He consulted with several aeronautical engineers of the period, including Bellanca, and soon launched the production of several light single-engine two-seat high-wing and biplane aircraft. In July 1929, it purchased the Wallace Aircraft Company. By June 1930, J. Carroll Cone – along with his assistant Joseph A. Young – had joined the company as vice president of sales.

Late in 1929, the worldwide stock market crash severely depressed the sale of non-essential items such as sport airplanes, although American Eagle continued producing airplanes until 1931. Early in that year, Porterfield's company declared bankruptcy and halted production. On 14 May 1931, the company's assets were purchased by the Lincoln Aircraft Company of Lincoln, Nebraska, which became the American Eagle-Lincoln Aircraft Corporation. To satisfy concerns about potential competition if he were to found his own aircraft manufacturer, Porterfield signed a contract with the new company to stay on as aircraft sales representative for two months.

Following the expiration of his contract, Porterfield left the company in July 1931. He would later go on to form the Porterfield Aircraft Corporation, and died of a heart attack in 1948. Victor Roos, already president of the Lincoln Aircraft Company, continued as president of the American Eagle-Lincoln Aircraft Corporation. Most of the new company's effort went into producing the Eaglet, but the depth of the Depression soon killed this effort. However, it did not stop the company from considering investing in a new factory in Florida.

During the six years of its existence, the American Eagle company (including its merged existence with Lincoln) produced over 700 airplanes. At the time of the Depression it was the world's third-largest aircraft production company.

Aircraft

References

External links

A detailed listing of company history and aircraft models

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the United States
Companies based in Kansas
1925 establishments in Kansas
Defunct manufacturing companies based in Kansas
John Chambers (statistician). John McKinley Chambers is the creator of the S programming language, and core member of the R programming language project. He was awarded the 1998 ACM Software System Award for developing S.

Early life
Chambers received a Bachelor of Science from the University of Toronto in 1963. He received a Master of Arts in 1965 and a PhD degree in 1966, both in statistics, from Harvard University.

Career
Chambers started at Bell Laboratories in 1966 as a member of its technical staff. From 1981 to 1983, he was the head of its Advanced Software Department and from 1983 to 1989 he was the head of its Statistics and Data Analysis Research Department. In 1989, he moved back to full-time research and in 1995, he became a distinguished member of the technical staff. In 1997, he was made the first Fellow of Bell Labs and was cited for "pioneering contributions to the field of statistical computing". He remained a distinguished member of the technical staff and a Fellow until his retirement from Bell Labs in 2005.

After retiring from Bell Labs, Chambers became a visiting professor at the University of Auckland, University of California, Los Angeles and Stanford University. Since 2008, he has been active at Stanford, currently serving as Senior Advisor of its data science program and an adjunct professor in Stanford's Department of Statistics.

Chambers is a Fellow of the American Statistical Association, the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the Institute of Mathematical Statistics.

Awards and accomplishments
Chambers has received the following awards:
 1998, awarded the ACM Software System Award for developing the S programming language. The award was presented on May 15, 1999.
 2004, awarded an honorary Doctor of Mathematics degree from the University of Waterloo

John M. Chambers Statistical Software Award
Following his 1998 ACM Software System Award, Chambers donated his prize money (US$10,000) to the American Statistical Association to endow an award for novel statistical software, the John M. Chambers Statistical Software Award.

Bibliography

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
University of Toronto alumni
Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
Programming language designers
Scientists at Bell Labs
Stanford University Department of Statistics faculty
Fellows of the American Statistical Association
Fellows of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
R (programming language) people
Computational statisticians
Tom Swift and His Sky Racer. Tom Swift and His Sky Racer, or, The Speediest Flight on Record, is Volume 9 in the original Tom Swift novel series published by Grosset & Dunlap.

Plot summary 

A $10,000 prize lures Tom into competing at a local aviation meet at Eagle Park. Tom is determined to build the fastest plane around, but his plans mysteriously disappear, which means Tom must redesign his new airplane from the beginning. A side-plot through the story is Mr. Swift's failing health.

Inventions & Innovation 

Tom's Sky Racer, known as the Humming-Bird, is a two-seater monoplane, like his previous monoplane the Butterfly. However, the Sky Racer, is smaller and faster — making it ideal for air racing. It uses a single gasoline, air-cooled engine, which can attain air speeds of well over 100 mph with a minimum thrust of 1000 lbs at 2000rpm. Tom also invented an automated stabilizing unit which allowed the Sky Racer to handle adverse weather conditions without loss of control. The Sky Racer's design was compared to that of the Blériot XI and the Antoinette VII, however its wings were patterned after that of the hummingbird, rather than standard rectangular wings.

References

External links
 

1911 American novels
Tom Swift
American young adult novels
Aviation novels
Kartería (Greek warship). Hellenic sloop-of-war Kartería (; Greek for "Perseverance") was the first steam-powered warship to be used in combat operations in history. It was built in 1825 in an English shipyard for the revolutionary Hellenic Navy during the Greek War of Independence, on the order of Capt Frank Abney Hastings, a former Royal Navy officer who had volunteered his services to the Hellenic Navy.

The vessel was built by Daniel Brent Shipwrights in the Greenland South Dockyard, Rotherhithe, London. It was financed mainly from the proceeds of the 2nd Greek Loan raised by the London Philhellenic Committee, but also by Capt Hastings' private funds.

The 233-ton vessel was propelled by steam-powered paddles. Power was generated by 2 small steam engines. The vessel also featured 4 masts and could operate under sail: it was envisaged that the vessel would normally cruise under wind power, but switch to steam-power during combat operations, to allow maximum maneuvrability. It was armed with just 8 guns but all were 68-pounders, the most powerful calibre. The on-board furnaces that burnt coal to generate steam could also be used to heat cannon-shot to a red-hot state, creating highly incendiary missiles.

Active service 

The ship entered service in Greece in 1826. It was the first steam warship to see combat. (The first steam warship ever built was American, the USS Demologos, a 30-gun armoured warship launched in 1814, but never used in battle).

Under the command of Hastings, the Kartería soon gained a fearsome combat reputation, taking part in numerous operations against the Ottoman Navy. (The Karteria fired 18,000 rounds in 1827 alone). The ship's most celebrated success was a raid on the port of Itea, near Salona (Amfissa) in the Gulf of Corinth, on 29/30 September 1827, where it sank 9 Ottoman ships.

References

External links
 
 

Ships built in Rotherhithe
1825 ships
Steamships
Sloops of the Hellenic Navy
Greek War of Independence naval ships of Greece
CESGA. Centro de Supercomputación de Galicia (CESGA) is a high performance computing center in Galicia (Spain). Its most important features are the supercomputer FinisTerrae and the "Superordenador Virtual Gallego".
Finisterrae is nowadays the third most powerful supercomputer in Spain, and it was initially ranked 100th according to the Top500 when installed in November 2007.
CESGA provides advanced computing services to the Galician Scientific Community, Galician Universities and to the Spanish National Research Council (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - CSIC).

CESGA also runs i-math, a Grid computing project with an initiative to approach Grid technologies to mathematics researchers, and operates the i-math Portal, a Grid Portal based on P-GRADE Portal technology. (See also: Grid computing)

Most important functions 

 To promote and spread the use of technologies of high performance computing and advanced communications. One of this examples is GalNIX, a neutral point of Internet traffic interchange for Galicia. The aim of GalNIX is to facilitate the data interchange between the Internet Service Providers which operate inside the Galician region. Some of the companies included here are Jazztel, "R cable y telecomunicaciones", Retegal and Retevisión.
 To promote and spread the use of technologies related to the Information Society, including: electronic commerce, e-learning and geographical information systems.

Computer Systems 

The following table shows some of the systems installed in CESGA. Since some systems were installed around 10 years ago some information may be outdated.

Location 

CESGA is located in the University of Santiago de Compostela Campus at the following address:

Avenida de Vigo, s/n Campus Sur 15705 Santiago de Compostela A Coruña - Spain

 Tel: +34 981 56 98 10
 Fax: +34 981 59 46 16

References

External links 
CESGA
CESGA i-math Portal

Supercomputer sites
Research institutes in Galicia, Spain