omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Execution unit. In computer engineering, an execution unit (E-unit or EU) is a part of a processing unit that performs the operations and calculations forwarded from the instruction unit. It may have its own internal control sequence unit (not to be confused with a CPU's main control unit), some registers, and other internal units such as an arithmetic logic unit, address generation unit, floating-point unit, load–store unit, branch execution unit or other smaller and more specific components, and can be tailored to support a certain datatype, such as integers or floating-points.

It is common for modern processing units to have multiple parallel functional units within its execution units, which is referred to as superscalar design. The simplest arrangement is to use a single bus manager unit to manage the memory interface and the others to perform calculations. Additionally, modern execution units are usually pipelined.

References 

Central processing unit
Computer arithmetic
Electric bus (disambiguation). Electric bus is a bus powered by electric energy. "Electric bus" can also refer to:

 Bus (computing), used for connecting components of a computer or communication between computers
 Busbars, thick conductors used in electrical substations
 In power engineering, a "bus" is any graph node of the single-line diagram at which voltage, current, power flow, or other quantities are to be evaluated. This may correspond to the physical busbars in substation.
 A ground bus or earth bus is a conductor used as a zero voltage reference in a system, often connected to ground or earth.
 In professional audio, bus refers to a place in the audio signal chain where one can hear a mix of different audio signals—usually at the output of a mixing console.
Erg. The erg is a unit of energy equal to 10−7joules (100nJ). It is not an SI unit, instead originating from the centimetre–gram–second system of units (CGS). Its name is derived from  (), a Greek word meaning 'work' or 'task'.

An erg is the amount of work done by a force of one dyne exerted for a distance of one centimetre. In the CGS base units, it is equal to one gram centimetre-squared per second-squared (g⋅cm2/s2). It is thus equal to 10−7 joules or 100 nanojoules (nJ) in SI units.

 1 erg =  = 
 1 erg =  =  = 
 1 erg =  = 
 1 erg =  = 
 1 erg =

History
In 1864, Rudolf Clausius proposed the Greek word  () for the unit of energy, work and heat. In 1873, a committee of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, including British physicists James Clerk Maxwell and William Thomson recommended the general adoption of the centimetre, the gramme, and the second as fundamental units (C.G.S. System of Units). To distinguish derived units, they recommended using the prefix "C.G.S. unit of ..." and requested that the word erg or ergon be strictly limited to refer to the C.G.S. unit of energy.

In 1922, chemist William Draper Harkins proposed the name micri-erg as a convenient unit to measure the surface energy of molecules in surface chemistry. It would equate to 10−14 erg, the equivalent to 10−21 joule.

The erg is not a part of the International System of Units (SI), which has been recommended since 1 January 1978 when the European Economic Community ratified a directive of 1971 that implemented SI as agreed by the General Conference of Weights and Measures. It is the unit of energy in Gaussian units, which are widely used in astrophysics, applications involving microscopic problems and relativistic electrodynamics, and sometimes in mechanics.

See also
 Foe (unit), relative measure for energy released by a supernova
 Lumen second, for the lumerg and lumberg units
 Metre–tonne–second system of units

References

Units of energy
Centimetre–gram–second system of units
EDM. EDM or E-DM may refer to:

Music
 Electronic dance music
 Early Day Miners, American band

Science and technology
 Electric dipole moment
 Electrical discharge machining
 Electronic distance measurement
Entry, Descent, and landing demonstrator Module, like the Schiaparelli EDM
See also: Entry, descent and landing (EDL)

Computing
 Educational data mining
 Electronic document management
 Empirical dynamic modeling
 Enterprise data management
 Enterprise data modeling
 Enterprise decision management
 Entity Data Model
 Euclidean distance matrix
 Experiment-directed metadynamics

Places
 Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
 Edmonds station, Edmonds, Washington, United States
 Edward-Dean Museum & Gardens, Cherry Valley, California, United States

Politics
 Early day motion

Other uses
 Electronic Direct Mail. See Email marketing 
 Department of Essential Drugs and Medicines of the World Health Organization
 Event-driven marketing
 Master of Education (Ed.M.)
 Electricidade de Moçambique, energy company of Mozambique
 Einsatzstaffel der Deutschen Mannschaft, Croatian collaborationist military unit
Evoluon. The Evoluon is a UFO-shaped building located in Eindhoven, the Netherlands. It was built in 1966 as a science museum by the electronics and electrical company Philips. It quickly became a landmark in Eindhoven, where Philips was headquartered at the time. The museum closed in 1989 and the building became a conference centre and exhibition venue in 1998. In 2022 it reopened for the general public again as the Next Nature Museum.

The building is unique due to its very futuristic design, resembling a landed flying saucer. It was designed by architects Leo de Bever and Louis Christiaan Kalff, while the exhibition it housed was conceived by James Gardner. De Bever and Kalff only got two demands for the design of the building, it had to be "spectacular" and it had to be possible to hold exhibitions in the building.

Its concrete dome is  in diameter and is held in place by  of reinforcing steel bars.

In the 1960s and 1970s the Evoluon attracted large numbers of visitors due to its innovative interactive exhibitions. When competing science museums opened in other cities, the number of visitors declined and the original museum closed down in 1989. The building was converted into a conference centre which opened in 1998.

In the UK the Evoluon is chiefly remembered from Bert Haanstra's wordless short film entitled simply Evoluon, commissioned by Philips to publicise the museum, and shown as a trade test colour film on BBC television from 1968 to 1972.

In October 2013 the Evoluon was used to stage four 3D-concerts by the German electronic band Kraftwerk, each before an audience of 1,200 spectators. Key band member Ralf Hütter handpicked the venue for its retro-futuristic look. Bespoke 3D-visuals of the saucer section of the building descending from space were used in the live rendition of their track Spacelab.

On September 24, 2022, the Evoluon reopened to the public with the RetroFuture exhibition.

See also
 List of convention centres in the Netherlands

References

External links

Official website
Extensive site about the history of the Evoluon
Philips Technical Review 1970 5/6 -- article on The Evoluon at page 186

Convention centres in the Netherlands
Defunct museums in the Netherlands
Museums in Eindhoven
Science museums in the Netherlands
Emission. Emission may refer to:

Chemical products
 Emission of air pollutants, notably:
Flue gas, gas exiting to the atmosphere via a flue
 Exhaust gas, flue gas generated by fuel combustion
 Emission of greenhouse gases, which absorb and emit radiant energy within the thermal infrared range
 Emission standards, limits on pollutants that can be released into the environment
 Emissions trading, a market-based approach to pollution control

Electromagnetic radiation
 Emission spectrum, the spectrum of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation generated by molecular electrons making transitions to lower energy states
 Thermal emission, electromagnetic radiation generated by the thermal motion of particles in matter
 List of light sources, including both natural and artificial processes that emit light
 Emission (radiocommunications), a radio signal (usually modulated) emitted from a radio transmitter
 Emission coefficient, a coefficient in the power output per unit time of an electromagnetic source
 Emission line, or "spectral line", a dark or bright line in an otherwise uniform and continuous spectrum
 Emission nebula, a cloud of ionized gas emitting light of various colors
 Emission theory (relativity), a competing theory for the special theory of relativity, explaining the results of the Michelson-Morley experiment
 Emission theory (vision), the proposal that visual perception is accomplished by rays of light emitted by the eyes

Other uses 
 Thermionic emission, the flow of charged particles called thermions from a charged metal or a charged metal oxide surface, archaically known as the Edison effect
 Ejaculation, the ejection of semen from the penis; also, specifically:
 Nocturnal emission, ejaculation experienced during sleep
 Noise, emission
 Exhalation of air, especially in the context of musical instruments

See also 
 Emissions control (disambiguation)
 Emitter (disambiguation)
 Emit (disambiguation)
EDT. EDT may refer to:

Science and technology 
 1,2-Ethanedithiol, compound commonly used for cleavage during peptide synthesis
 EDT (Digital), text editor for PDP-11 and VAX/VMS computer systems
 EDT (Univac), text editor for UNIVAC Series 90 and Fujitsu BS2000 computer systems
 EDT Hub, electronic document transmission software
 Electrodynamic tether, a spacecraft component
 Event dispatching thread, in Java

Time zones 
 Australian Eastern Daylight Time (UTC+11)
 Eastern Daylight Time (UTC−4), in North America

Other uses 
 Chicago Engineering Design Team, a robotics team
 Eau de toilette
 Editor (abbrev: "edt." pl.: "edts.")
 Electronic Disturbance Theater, an activist and artist collective
 Evidential decision theory, a school of thought within decision theory
 Event-driven trading, institutional investors attempt to profit from a stock mispricing that may occur during or after a corporate event.

See also

 
 
 
 EDTF (disambiguation)
 Edit (disambiguation)
Encapsulation. Encapsulation may refer to:

Chemistry 
 Molecular encapsulation, in chemistry, the confinement of an individual molecule within a larger molecule
 Micro-encapsulation, in material science, the coating of microscopic particles with another material

Biology 
 Cell encapsulation, technology made to overcome the existing problem of graft rejection in tissue engineering applications

Computing and electronics 
 An alternate term for conformal coating or potting, which protects electronic components
 Encapsulation (networking), the process of adding control information as it passes through the layered model
 Encapsulation (computer programming), the combination of program code and data, and/or restriction (hide) of access to data except through dedicated code

he:כימוס
Amiga Enhanced Chip Set. The Enhanced Chip Set (ECS) is the second generation of the Amiga computer's chipset, offering minor improvements over the original chipset (OCS) design. ECS was introduced in 1990 with the launch of the Amiga 3000. Another version was developed around 1994 but was unreleased due to Commodore International filing for bankruptcy. Amigas produced from 1990 onwards featured a mix of OCS and ECS chips, such as later versions of the Amiga 500 and the Commodore CDTV. Other ECS models were the Amiga 500+ in 1991 and lastly the Amiga 600 in 1992.

Features 
The enhanced chip set had two new chips, the 8375 HR Agnus and 8373 HR Denise. The ECS Denise chip offers Productivity VGA output (640×480 non-interlaced) and SuperHiRes (1280×200 or 1280×256) display modes (also available in interlaced mode), which are however limited to only 4 bits on-screen colors. The Productivity output required a multi-sync monitor. It also allowed for a greyscale resolution of 1008 x 800 pixels with the A2024 monitor.

Some Amigas, such as the Amiga 500 and the Amiga 2000 came with the ECS version of the Agnus chip but the original chipset version (OCS) of the Denise chip. It is possible to upgrade one or both of them to obtain partial or full ECS functionality by replacing OCS chips with ECS versions. Not all OCS chipset computers were upgradable, some such as the Amiga 2000-A and the Amiga 1000 had different Agnus sockets.

ECS was followed by the third generation AGA chipset with the launch of the Amiga 4000 and Amiga 1200 in 1992.

See also
 Amiga custom chips
 Amiga Ranger Chipset
 Advanced Graphics Architecture
 Amiga Advanced Architecture chipset
 AA+ Chipset
 Hombre chipset

References 

Amiga chipsets
Graphics chips
MOS Technology integrated circuits
Sound chips
AmigaOS
Fermentation (disambiguation). Fermentation is a metabolic process whereby electrons released from nutrients are ultimately transferred to molecules obtained from the breakdown of those same nutrients.

Fermentation may also refer to:

 Ethanol fermentation, the production of ethanol for use in food, alcoholic beverage, fuel and industry
 Fermentation in food processing, the process of converting sugar to carbon dioxide and alcohol with yeast
 Fermentation in winemaking, the process of fermentation used in wine-making
 Enteric fermentation, a digestive process, for example in ruminants
 Lactic acid fermentation, the biological process by which sugars such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose, are converted into cellular energy and the metabolic byproduct lactate
 Industrial fermentation, the breakdown and re-assembly of biochemicals for industry, often in aerobic growth conditions
 Fermentative hydrogen production, the fermentative conversion of organic substrate to biohydrogen manifested by a diverse group of bacteria
 Fermentation, the term used in the tea industry in tea processing for the aerobic treatment of tea leaves to break down certain unwanted chemicals and modify others to develop the flavor of the tea

See also
 Ferment (TV series), a Canadian religious current affairs television miniseries
 Ferment (album), a 1992 album by Catherine Wheel
Grain (disambiguation). Grains are the seeds of arable crops or the crops bearing them. 

Grain or grains may also refer to:

Material structures
Grain (textile), the orientation of a woven textile used in a garment
Grain, a solid-fuel rocket's propellant charge; roughly a hollow cylinder, sometimes textured, and possibly very large
Crystallite or "grain" in metallurgy, a single crystal inside solid-state matter
Film grain, the gritty texture sometimes apparent on images produced using photographic film or paper (grainy)
Grain size (or particle size), for particles of rock in geology
Wood grain, the alignment and texture of the fibres in wood

Places
Isle of Grain in Kent, England
Grain Power Station, a power station on the Isle of Grain
Grain Valley, Missouri, a city in the US

Arts, entertainment, and media
Grain (film), 2015 European film by Semih Kaplanoğlu
Grain (magazine), a Canadian literary magazine
"The Grain", an 1886 short story by Leo Tolstoy

Other uses
Grain (unit), a unit of mass equal to 64.79891 milligrams,  of an avoirdupois pound
Grains per gallon, a unit of water hardness
Grain (cipher), a stream cipher designed for restricted hardware environments
Grain 128a, successor of Grain cipher
Grain (surfboard company), a company that manufactures hollow wooden surfboards
Grain (company), a Series B Singaporean food-delivery startup
GRAIN, an international non-governmental organization for sustainable agriculture
Grain of salt, an idiom

See also
Granule (disambiguation)
Peter Grain (disambiguation)
Grid network. A grid network is a computer network consisting of a number of computer systems connected in a grid topology.

In a regular grid topology, each node in the network is connected with two neighbors along one or more dimensions.  If the network is one-dimensional, and the chain of nodes is connected to form a circular loop, the resulting topology is known as a ring.  Network systems such as FDDI use two counter-rotating token-passing rings to achieve high reliability and performance.  In general, when an n-dimensional grid network is connected circularly in more than one dimension, the resulting network topology is a torus, and the network is called "toroidal".  When the number of nodes along each dimension of a toroidal network is 2, the resulting network is called
a hypercube.

A parallel computing cluster or multi-core processor is often connected in regular interconnection network such as a
de Bruijn graph,
a hypercube graph,
a hypertree network,
a fat tree network,
a torus, or cube-connected cycles.

A grid network is not the same as a grid computer or a computational grid, although the nodes in a grid network are usually computers, and grid computing requires some kind of computer network or "universal coding" to interconnect the computers.

See also 
 Grid plan - street network
 Network topology

References 

Telecommunications
Network topology
Gate. A gate or gateway is a point of entry to or from a space enclosed by walls. The word derived from old Norse "gat" meaning road or path; But other terms include yett and port. The concept originally referred to the gap or hole in the wall or fence, rather than a barrier which closed it. Gates may prevent or control the entry or exit of individuals, or they may be merely decorative. The moving part or parts of a gateway may be considered "doors", as they are fixed at one side whilst opening and closing like one.

A gate may have a latch that can be raised and lowered to both open a gate or prevent it from swinging. Gate operation can be either automated or manual. Locks are also used on gates to increase security. 

Larger gates can be used for a whole building, such as a castle or fortified town. Doors can also be considered gates when they are used to block entry as prevalent within a gatehouse.

Purpose-specific types of gate

 Baby gate: a safety gate to protect babies and toddlers
 Badger gate: gate to allow badgers to pass through rabbit-proof fencing
 City gate of a walled city
 Hampshire gate (a.k.a. New Zealand gate, wire gate, etc.)
 Kissing gate on a footpath
 Lychgate with a roof
 Mon Japanese: gate. The religious torii compares to the Chinese pailou (paifang), Indian torana, Indonesian Paduraksa and Korean hongsalmun. Mon are widespread, in Japanese gardens.
 Portcullis of a castle
 Race gate used for checkpoints on race tracks.
 Slip gate on footpaths
 Turnstile 
 Watergate of a castle by navigable water
 Slalom skiing gates
 Wicket gate

Image gallery

See also
City Gate
 Barricade
 Boom barrier (a.k.a. boom gate)
 Border
 Gate tower
 Gopuram
 Leave the gate as you found it
 Portal (architecture)
 Portcullis
 Threshold (disambiguation)
 Triumphal arch
 List of scandals with "-gate" suffix
 Watergate, as used in politics

References

External links

 
Doors
Fortification (architectural elements)
Garden features
Buildings and structures by type
Garbage in, garbage out. In computer science, garbage in, garbage out (GIGO) is the concept that flawed, biased or poor quality ("garbage") information or input produces a result or output of similar ("garbage") quality. The adage points to the need to improve data quality in, for example, programming. Rubbish in, rubbish out (RIRO) is an alternate wording.

The principle applies to all logical argumentation: soundness implies validity, but validity does not imply soundness.

History
The expression was popular in the early days of computing. The first known use is in a 1957 syndicated newspaper article about US Army mathematicians and their work with early computers, in which an Army Specialist named William D. Mellin explained that computers cannot think for themselves, and that "sloppily programmed" inputs inevitably lead to incorrect outputs. The underlying principle was noted by the inventor of the first programmable computing device design:

More recently, the Marine Accident Investigation Branch comes to a similar conclusion:

The term may have been derived from last-in, first-out (LIFO) or first-in, first-out (FIFO).

Uses

This phrase can be used as an explanation for the poor quality of a digitized audio or video file. Although digitizing can be the first step in cleaning up a signal, it does not, by itself, improve the quality. Defects in the original analog signal will be faithfully recorded, but might be identified and removed by a subsequent step by digital signal processing.

GIGO is also used to describe failures in human decision-making due to faulty, incomplete, or imprecise data.

In audiology, GIGO describes the process that occurs at the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) when auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder is present. This occurs when the neural firing from the cochlea has become unsynchronized, resulting in a static-filled sound being input into the DCN and then passed up the chain to the auditory cortex. The term was applied by Dan Schwartz at the 2012 Worldwide ANSD Conference, St. Petersburg, Florida, on 16 March 2012; and adopted as industry jargon to describe the electrical signal received by the dorsal cochlear nucleus and passed up the auditory chain to the superior olivary complex on the way to the auditory cortex destination.

GIGO was the name of a Usenet gateway program to FidoNet, MAUSnet, e.a.

See also 

 Algorithmic bias
 Computer says no
 FINO
 Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder
 Standard error
 Undefined behavior
 Data processing inequality
 No free lunch theorem

References 

Computer errors
Computer humour
Computer jargon
List of glues. There are many adhesive substances that are considered or commonly referred to as glue. Historically, the term only referred to protein colloids prepared from animal flesh. The meaning has been extended to refer to any fluid adhesive.

Plant- and animal-based adhesives

Solvent-type glues

Solvent adhesives temporarily dissolve the substance they are gluing, and bond by solvent-welding material together with the re-solidified material.

Synthetic glues

Synthetic monomer glues

Synthetic polymer glues

Thermoplastic polymers

Thermoplastic glues including hot-melt adhesives cure reversibly as they cool, like the gelatin and keratin glues listed above. They frequently don't emit volatiles unless overheated.

 Styrene acrylic copolymer – e.g. "No More Nails"

Thermosetting polymers

Thermosetting glues or thermosets cure irreversibly by polymerization. The polymerization can be triggered by heat or other radiation, or high pressure or a catalyst/hardener may be added.

 Epoxy resins
 Epoxy putty
 Polyvinyls
 Polyvinyl acetate (PVA) Includes white glue (e.g. Elmer's Glue) and yellow carpenter's glue (Aliphatic resin) (Brands include Titebond and Lepage)
 Polyvinyl alcohol
 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
 Polyvinyl chloride emulsion (PVCE) – a water-miscible emulsion that polymerizes as it cures
 Polyvinylpyrrolidone (component of glue sticks)
 Silicone resins
 Silyl modified polymers

By use
 Postage stamp gum may be a mixture of assorted starch and resin adhesives
 Library paste is usually starch-based 
 Meat glue is a variety of culinary binding agents

References

 

es:Pegamento
nl:Lijst van lijmsoorten
pt:Cola (desambiguação)