omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Site Multihoming by IPv6 Intermediation. The Site Multihoming by IPv6 Intermediation (SHIM6) protocol is an Internet Layer defined in RFC 5533.

Architecture

The SHIM6 architecture defines failure detection and locator pair exploration functions. The first is used to detect outages through the path defined by the current locator pair for a communication. To achieve this, hints provided by upper protocols such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) are used, or specific SHIM6 packet probes. The second function is used to determine valid locator pairs that could be used when an outage is detected.

The ability to change locators while a communication is being held introduces security problems, so mechanisms based on applying cryptography to the address generation process (Cryptographically Generated Addresses, CGA), or on bounding the addresses to the prefixes assigned to a host through  hash-based addresses were defined. These approaches are not needed for IPv4 because of the short address length (32 bits).

An implementation of shim6 in the Linux kernel is available under the name LinShim6.

See also 
 Locator/Identifier Separation Protocol

References 

 C. de Launois and M. Bagnulo.  The Paths towards IPv6 Multihoming . IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, 8(2), 2006

External links
 IETF SHIM6 Working Group status page

Internet architecture
Multihoming
IPv6
Routing
Auxiliary crane ship. An Auxiliary Crane Ship is a vessel of the United States Military Sealift Command designed to operate where port facilities are limited or damaged to transfer cargo between themselves, other vessels, and piers.

Description 
Auxiliary crane ships are converted commercial container ships, equipped with pedestal cranes capable of lifting containers and other cargo.  These are used to unload cargo from their own holds as well from other vessels at port facilities which do not have their own cargo handling capability.

These ships give the Military Sealift Command the ability to deliver cargo to locations that would otherwise be inaccessible or difficult to deliver cargo to in a timely manner.  This increases the Command's capabilities in responding to needs worldwide, both in locations which are underdeveloped as well as those that have suffered destruction from conflict or natural disasters.

The ships retain the ability to carry more than 300 standard containers.

Service 
The first crane ship was completed as such in 1984, and a total of 10 vessels were converted through 1997.  All were former commercial vessels.  Builders which participated in the program were Defoe Shipbuilding Company in Bay City, Michigan, Dillingham Ship Repair in Portland, Oregon, Norshipco in Norfolk, Virginia, Tampa Shipyard in Tampa, Florida, and Keith Ship Repair in New Orleans, Louisiana.

Within the Military Sealift Command, the ships serve as part of the Ready Reserve Force.  Five crane ships were deployed to the Persian Gulf in 1990 and 1991, while a single example served as a temporary Army prepositioning ship in 1994.  Four crane ships were transferred to the National Defense Reserve Fleet on 28 July 2006.

Ships in class 
 SS Keystone State (T-ACS-1) (Military Sealift Command Ready Reserve Force)
 SS Gem State (T-ACS-2) (Military Sealift Command Ready Reserve Force)
 SS Grand Canyon State (T-ACS-3) (Military Sealift Command Ready Reserve Force)
 SS Gopher State (T-ACS-4) (Military Sealift Command Ready Reserve Force)
 SS Flickertail State (T-ACS-5) (Military Sealift Command Ready Reserve Force)
 SS Cornhusker State (T-ACS-6) (Military Sealift Command Ready Reserve Force)
 SS Diamond State (T-ACS-7) (National Defense Reserve Fleet)
 SS Equality State (T-ACS-8) (National Defense Reserve Fleet)
 SS Green Mountain State (T-ACS-9) (National Defense Reserve Fleet)
 SS Beaver State (T-ACS-10) (National Defense Reserve Fleet)

See also 
 List of Military Sealift Command ships
 List of auxiliaries of the United States Navy

References 
 

Container ships
Ship types
Murano beads. Murano beads are intricate glass beads influenced by Venetian glass artists.
Since 1291, Murano glassmakers have refined technologies for producing beads and glasswork such as crystalline glass, enamelled glass (smalto), glass with threads of gold (aventurine), multicolored glass (millefiori), milk glass (lattimo) and imitation gemstones made of glass.

Color
The process of Murano bead-making begins with the production of color canes. The chemical compounds involved in color fabrication are extremely sensitive so they must be mixed with absolute accuracy.  Aquamarine is created through the use of copper and cobalt, and ruby red is achieved through the use of a gold solution as a coloring agent.

Lampworked beads
Most Murano beads are made using an air pump burner lampworking or torch and mandrel technique. Once the mandrel was made by using an iron rod covered with a release material stuck on the top of the rod; now a copper tube has taken its place. The copper tube helps make many other different shapes.
  
The lamp-work method is the most time-consuming method of glass bead-making, as each bead must be formed individually. Using a torch for heat, Murano glass rods and tubes are heated to a molten state and wrapped around a metal rod until the desired shape is achieved. Several layers of different colored glass, as well as gold and silver leaf, are used to produce the desired effect. After the bead is slowly cooled, it is removed from the rod, resulting in a hole for eventual stringing as jewelry.

Wedding cake beads known as Fiorato (decorated with glass overlays featuring roses, swirls and dots) and Venetian foil beads (with fusion of color, gold and silver foil) are two of the kinds of beads made using the lamp-work method.

Seedbeads or conterie
Seedbeads or conterie are small, round beads. To produce this tiny bead, hollow tubes of colored glass are formed, then chopped and re-fired for smoothness and shade.

Chevron or Rosetta beads
The Chevron bead is distinguished by a red, white and blue zigzag pattern.

Millefiori or lace beads
The abstract millefiori beads are created in a manner similar to that of chevron or rosetta beads. There is a wider use of color and the glass cane is not hollow, but completely solid.

Blown beads
Today this glassblowing is called the Filigrana or filigree method.  To produce these beads with stripes of color and spirals, glassmakers lay canes of glass down and pick them up with a blow-pipe.

References

External links
 The world of venetian seed glass beads
 How Murano glass is made

Beadwork
Venetian glass
American Coleman. The American Coleman was a line of semi trucks built from the 1950s into the 1970s. The company is based in Littleton, Colorado.

This truck was used in airfield operations and military applications. The cab-over design had no fifth wheel; instead the truck's frame locked into position by eight pins. This made the trailer and tractor one unit. The truck had four single tires (no duals). The fuel economy was 6.5 mpg. The American Coleman semi truck was called the Space Star officially. This cab-over had two sleepers, one located just above the driver and the other behind the driver. Servicing the engine was simple: just roll it out on its own independent frame, much like a drawer rolls out of a desk. The Space Star ran for few years.

References

Defunct truck manufacturers of the United States
Defunct manufacturing companies based in Colorado
Industrialna (Kryvyi Rih Metrotram). Insdustrialna (; ) is a station on the Kryvyi Rih Metrotram. It was opened on 25 October 1999 as the starting station on the third stage of the system.

Industrialna is located on the edge of the Industrialny raion of the city. Externally, the station is located on ground level, with side platforms encased in a large structure of 10 meters high with an additional 24-meter cantilevered "vestibule", where additional pillars are used to support it. The exits and entrances are done through a tunnel under the station with exits to the raion and on the eastern side to the Nikopol-Zhovti Vody road. Nearby is also the Kryvyi Rih Central Mining equipment maintenance Plant (KVRZ), whose workers use the station (hence the name, Industrial).

Although the station was opened in 1999, shortage of finances left it in a very depressed state. Exteriorly, bits of the aluminium covering are missing; also, never installed were the glass encasing the pavilions on the staircases. The crude steel and concrete bars that hold the tram wires obstruct the full height of the structure.

External links
 Mir Metro - Description and photos
Google maps - Satellite shot.

Kryvyi Rih Metrotram stations
DECIM. In cryptography, DECIM is a stream cypher algorithm designed by Come Berbain, Olivier Billet, Anne Canteaut, Nicolas Courtois, Blandine Debraize, Henri Gilbert, Louis Goubin, Aline Gouget, Louis Granboulan, Cédric Lauradoux, Marine Minier, Thomas Pornin and Hervé Sibert.

DECIM algorithm was partly patented but its authors wished for it to remain freely available. It has been submitted to the eSTREAM Project of the eCRYPT network.

History
DECIM was announced in 2005. In 2006 two flaws were identified which could leave the encrypted ciphertext vulnerable to attack. A revised version of cipher, DECIM v2, as well as a 128-bit security version were developed, both proving vulnerable to attack.

References

Footnotes

Sources
 
 
 
 

Stream ciphers
DICING. In cryptography, DICING is a stream cypher algorithm developed by Li An-Ping. It has been submitted to the eSTREAM project of the eCRYPT network.

DICING is characterized as a synchronous stream cipher that utilizes a clock-controlled mechanism with innovative steps for altering its operations. The design emphasizes efficiency, reportedly achieving performance that is approximately twice as fast as the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) (Li, 2006). DICING supports key sizes of 128 bits and 256 bits, with no known vulnerabilities against existing cryptographic attacks such as correlation, algebraic, or distinguishing attacks (Wang & Zhang, 2010).

References 

Stream ciphers
MOSQUITO. In cryptography, MOSQUITO was a stream cipher algorithm designed by Joan Daemen and Paris Kitsos. It was submitted to the eSTREAM Project of the eCRYPT network. After the initial design was broken by Joux and Muller, a tweaked version named MOUSTIQUE was proposed which made it to Phase 3 of the eSTREAM evaluation process as the only self-synchronizing cipher remaining. However, MOUSTIQUE was subsequently broken by Käsper et al., leaving the design of a secure and efficient self-synchronising stream cipher as an open research problem.

Cryptographic algorithms
Graphics address remapping table. The graphics address remapping table (GART), also known as the graphics aperture remapping table, or graphics translation table (GTT), is an I/O memory management unit (IOMMU) used by Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) and PCI Express (PCIe) graphics cards. The GART allows the graphics card direct memory access (DMA) to the host system memory, through which buffers of textures, polygon meshes and other data are loaded. AMD later reused the same mechanism for I/O virtualization with other peripherals including disk controllers and network adapters.

A GART is used as a means of data exchange between the main memory and video memory through which buffers (i.e. paging/swapping) of textures, polygon meshes and other data are loaded, but can also be used to expand the amount of video memory available for systems with only integrated or shared graphics (i.e. no discrete or inbuilt graphics processor), such as Intel HD Graphics processors.  However, this type of memory (expansion) remapping has a caveat that affects the entire system: specifically, any GART, pre-allocated memory becomes pooled and cannot be utilised for any other purposes but graphics memory and display rendering.

Operating system support

Linux 
Jeff Hartmann served as the primary maintainer of the Linux kernel's agpgart driver, which began as part of Brian Paul's Utah GLX accelerated Mesa 3D driver project. The developers primarily targeted Linux 2.4.x kernels, but made patches available against older 2.2.x kernels. Dave Jones heavily reworked agpgart for the Linux 2.6.x kernels, along with more contributions from Jeff Hartmann.

FreeBSD 
In FreeBSD, the agpgart driver appeared in its 4.1 release.

Solaris 
AGPgart support was introduced into Solaris Express Developer Edition as of its 7/05 release.

See also 
 Direct Rendering Manager

References 

Graphics hardware
Peripheral Component Interconnect
SSS (cipher). In cryptography, SSS is a stream cypher algorithm developed by Gregory Rose, Philip Hawkes, Michael Paddon, and Miriam Wiggers de Vries. It includes a message authentication code feature. It has been submitted to the eSTREAM Project of the eCRYPT network. It has not selected for focus nor for consideration during Phase 2; it has been 'archived'.

References

Stream ciphers
Message authentication codes
Ellen Silbergeld. Ellen Kovner Silbergeld (born 1945) is a leading American expert in the field of environmental health.

Background

Elizabeth Kovner was born in 1945. Her parents were Joseph Kovner, a lawyer (then with the Congress of Industrial Organizations) and Mary Helen Gion. She has two siblings.

After graduating from Vassar College summa cum laude in 1967, she earned a Ph.D. in environmental engineering at Johns Hopkins University in 1972.

Career

She is a professor at the Bloomberg School of Public Health at Johns Hopkins University and used to be on the faculty at the University of Maryland, Baltimore. Before that she worked as a scientist for Environmental Defense. She was editor-in-chief of the journal Environmental Research she serves on many other editorial boards
She is an authority on the toxicological manifestations of lead and mercury poisoning, having done some of the first research on how lead affects the central nervous system. Silbergeld has also been involved in public policy and raised public awareness of the dangers of lead. Her current research focuses on the role is food animal production in the selection and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. She has written a book on this topic, Chickenizing Farms and Food published by Johns Hopkins University Press in 2016.

In 1993, she received the prestigious MacArthur Fellowship ("genius award") from the MacArthur Foundation.

Works

References

External links

Papers, 1968-1994. Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University.

1945 births
Living people
Johns Hopkins University faculty
Vassar College alumni
MacArthur Fellows
Johns Hopkins University alumni
American toxicologists
American academic journal editors
Coping (joinery). Coping or scribing is the woodworking technique of shaping the end of a moulding or frame component to neatly fit the contours of an abutting member.  Joining tubular members in metalworking is also referred to as a cope, or sometimes a "fish mouth joint" or saddle joint.

Most English-speaking countries outside the United States use the terms scribe and scribing.

Coping is commonly used in the fitting of skirting and other mouldings in a room. It allows for clean joints between intersecting members when walls are not square to each other. The other method of fitting these mouldings that is commonly used is the mitre joint, but this technique relies upon knowing the precise angle between the walls for neat results. Coping is only ever used for internal corners. External corners are always mitred.

The main reason that scribed joints are used is that timber shrinks in width far more than it does in length.  By using a scribed joint rather than an internal mitre joint, the effect of shrinkage is minimised.  Also it is possible to arrange the scribed joints pointing away from the most common viewpoint (usually the doorway of a room) and so present the best appearance.

Coping is also commonly used in cabinet-making for mouldings and frame components. The rails in the frame and panel construction are commonly cope cut to fit the profile of the stiles. The technique is also common in the construction of doors and windows.

Scribe joinery is also commonly used in the building of log homes. The shape of the log underneath is scribed into the bottom of a log to be placed on top. This provides a tight seal between the two adjacent logs. It is also commonly used in the building of boats since there is rarely a straight edge but frequently many curves.

Traditionally, coping would be performed using a coping saw. There are also mechanical means of producing coped joints, including matching rail and stile cutters for the router as used in frame and panel construction.

See also
 Cope and stick

References

External links
 Tube Coping Calculator

Joinery
Remote controlled weapon station. A remote controlled weapon station (RCWS), remotely operated weapon system (ROWS), or remote weapon system (RWS), is a remotely operated light or medium-caliber weapon system, often equipped with a fire-control system, that can be installed on a ground combat vehicle or sea- and air-based combat platform.

Such equipment is used on modern military vehicles, as it allows a gunner to remain in the relative protection of the vehicle.  It may be retrofitted onto existing vehicles, for example, the CROWS system is being fitted to American Humvees.

Examples 
 
 Electro Optic Systems: Slinger
 
 
 FN Herstal: deFNder Family
 
 REMAX
 
 Rheinmetall Canada: Fieldranger
 
 UW4A
 CS/LK4
 H/PJ17

Hornet
Hornet Lite
Hornet S

 Patria: PML 127 OWS
 :
 DRWS-1
 DRWS-2
 RWS-23
 :
 FLW 100, FLW 200 and FLW 200+
 :
 BEL RCWS
 MDSL RWS
 SHARANG RWS
 
 RESPATI Mk. III
 Pindad RCWS
 
 ARIO-H762
 Raad – 30mm remote control turret
 :
Typhoon Weapon System 
Samson Remote Controlled Weapon Station 
Rafael Overhead Weapon Station
 :
 Hitfist
Hitfist OWS 
 Hitrole
 :
 
 :
 Hyundai Wia KR-6
 
 Kongsberg Defence Systems: Protector (RWS)
 
 ZSMU Kobuz
 ZSSW-30
 
XTR-101/102 – 20mm remote control turret
 
Pro Optica Anubis
 
Bumerang-BM – 30mm remote control turret
 AU-220M – 57mm remote control turret

 Сервал
 
 BAE Systems Land Systems South Africa: TRT-25 remote weapon station
 Reutech Solutions: Rogue
 
 EM&E: Guardian 2.0 (M2 Browning)
 EM&E: Guardian 30 (Mk44 Bushmaster II)
 EM&E: Guardian L-Hit (M230 chain gun)
 EM&E: Aspis (M240 machine gun)
 
Saab: Trackfire

Aselsan SMASH: It is a stabilized weapon station manufactured by Aselsan and fitted with 30mm Mk44 Bushmaster II autocanon.
Aselsan STOP : It is fitted with either a 25 mm Oerlikon KBA or a M242 Bushmaster autocanon.
Aselsan STAMP, Aselsan STAMP-2: These can be fitted with either a 7.62 mm / 12.7 mm machine gun or a 40 mm grenade launcher.
Aselsan STAMP-G: It can be fitted with either a 12.7 mm GAU-19 gatling gun or a 7.62 mm / 12.7 mm machine gun or a 40 mm Mk 19 grenade launcher.
Aselsan SARP: It can be fitted with either a 7.62 mm / 12.7 mm machine gun.

 SPYS-SYNTEZ, NATO nomenclature code: 2510-61-015-0429  
 Parus
 Doublet
 Taipan
 Shturm-M
 Kastet

 MSI-Defence Systems: Seahawk DS Remote
 Thales: SWARM
 
 CROWS
 Typhoon Weapon Station: Typhoon models designated MK38 MOD 2 and later MK 38 MOD 3, and the Mini-Typhoon models designated MK49 MOD 0 ROSAM (Remote Operated Small Arms Mount) and later MK49 MOD 1.

See also 
 Gun turret
 Sentry gun
 Close-in weapon system

References

External links

RWS
Baba Banda Singh Bahadur Engineering College. Baba Banda Singh Bahadur Engineering College (BBSBEC) is an engineering college in Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India. It was established in 1993 by the Baba Banda Singh Bahadur Educational Trust formed under the patronage of Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee with the approval of the Government of Punjab.

References 

All India Council for Technical Education
Engineering colleges in Punjab, India
Fatehgarh Sahib
1993 establishments in Punjab, India
Educational institutions established in 1993
Soft sensor. Soft sensor or virtual sensor is a common name for software where several measurements are processed together. Commonly soft sensors are based on control theory and also receive the name of state observer. There may be dozens or even hundreds of measurements. The interaction of the signals can be used for calculating new quantities that need not be measured. Soft sensors are especially useful in data fusion, where measurements of different characteristics and dynamics are combined. It can be used for fault diagnosis as well as control applications.

Well-known software algorithms that can be seen as soft sensors include Kalman filters. More recent implementations of soft sensors use neural networks or fuzzy computing.

Examples of soft sensor applications:

 Kalman filters for estimating the location
 Velocity estimators in electric motors
 Estimating process data using self-organizing neural networks
 Fuzzy computing in process control
 Estimators of food quality

See also 
 Virtual sensing
 State observer

References

External links
 Helsinki University of Technology
 Soft Sensors for process applications in gas industry

Sensors
Nonlinear filters
Linear filters
Arctic Mars Analog Svalbard Expedition. Arctic Mars Analog Svalbard Expedition (AMASE) uses Mars analog sites on Svalbard for testing of science questions and payload instruments onboard Mars missions. AMASE has arranged annual expeditions on Svalbard since 2003 and is run by Vestfonna Geophysical AS and funded by the Norwegian Space Centre, ESA and NASA.

Payload instruments CheMin and SAM onboard NASA's Curiosity rover were deployed on AMASE in 2006–2011. Field deployment of payload instruments onboard ESA's ExoMars rover has been ongoing since 2007.

In 2007 ESA organized a competition, won by a student from Technical University of Denmark, which allowed the winner to carry out her own experiment during the expedition as well as assist in other experiments and activities.

Dates of the expeditions

 12 August 2007 – 26 August 2007
 4 August 2008 – 17 August 2008
 1 August 2009 – 24 August 2009
 9 August 2010 – 25 August 2010
 8 August 2011 – 21 August 2011

References

External links
AMASE Mission, NASA
Mars in the Arctic, ESA
Exploring Mars on Earth: The Arctic Mars Analog Svalbard Expedition, Planetary Society
AMASE student blog: Arrival at Longyearbyen (Blog entries available in right-hand menu)

NASA groups, organizations, and centers
History of Svalbard
2006 in Norway
Arctic expeditions
Human analog missions
Human missions to Mars
21st century in the Arctic