omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Tikhvin Ferroalloy Plant. Tikhvin Ferroalloy Plant () is a company based in Tikhvin, Russia.

History
In 1994, a company was established to construct a $110 million manufacturing plant capable of producing 140,000 tonnes of ferrochromium and 150,000 tonnes of crushed residue per year. A 1997 referendum in Tikhvin opposed the establishment of the plant, but after acquiring the unfinished project in 2001, ICT Group announced its intention to complete its construction. The opening of the plant remains contentious. It is seen as an example of government collusion with big business.

The Tikhvin Ferroalloy Plant finally began production in 2007. A low world demand for ferrochromium delayed the factory's ramp-up to full production, with two furnaces started in 2007 and another two in 2008. The company began production from concentrated chrome ore from the Mechel-held Voskhod chrome processing plant (ГОКа "Восход-Хром") in Kazakhstan in early 2009. The plant's four furnaces have a maximum power of 22.5 MW. In 2009 production was 53,900t (chromium equivalent) with a typical chromium content of 69-70% in the ferroalloys. In 2010, it employed 720 people.

In April 2008, the plant's owner, Oriel Resources, was acquired by Mechel. In 2013, Mechel sold its ferroalloy holdings, including the Tikhvin plant, to Yildirim (Turkey).

References

Steel companies of Russia
Companies based in Leningrad Oblast
Mechel
International Society for Nanoscale Science, Computation, and Engineering. 
The International Society for Nanoscale Science, Computation, and Engineering (ISNSCE, pronounced like "essence") is a scientific society specializing in nanotechnology and DNA computing.  It was started in 2004 by Nadrian Seeman, founder of the field of DNA nanotechnology.  According to the society, its purpose is "to promote the study of the control of the arrangement of the atoms in matter, examine the principles that lead to such control, to develop tools and methods to increase such control, and to investigate the use of these principles for molecular computation, and for engineering on the finest possible scales."

ISNSCE sponsors two academic conferences each year: the first is Foundations of Nanoscience (FNANO), and the second is the International Conference on DNA Computing and Molecular Computation (DNA Computing).  The FNANO conference has been held in Snowbird, Utah each year in April since 2004, and focuses on molecular self-assembly of nanoscale materials and devices.  DNA Computing focuses on biomolecular computing and DNA nanotechnology, and has been held annually since 1995.  The proceedings of DNA Computing are published as part of the Lecture Notes in Computer Science book series.

Awards
ISNSCE sponsors two awards annually.  The ISNSCE Nanoscience Prize recognizes research in any area of nanoscience, and has been presented at FNANO each year since 2007.  The Tulip Award in DNA Computing is specific to the fields of biomolecular computing and molecular programming, and has been presented at the DNA Computing conference since 2000.  ISNSCE also sponsors two student awards for papers presented at the DNA Computing conference each year.

The Tulip Award was first given at the sixth DNA Computing conference, in Leiden, the Netherlands, whose botanical garden is known as the birthplace of the tulip culture in the Netherlands.

In April 2015, ISNCSE established the Robert Dirks Molecular Programming Prize to recognize early-career scientists for molecular programming research.  The award was established in memory of Dirks, who was one of the six fatalities of the February 2015 Valhalla train crash.

ISNSCE Nanoscience Prize

The following are recipients of the ISNSCE Nanoscience Prize:

Tulip Award in DNA Computing

The following are recipients of the Tulip Award in DNA Computing:

See also
 Kavli Prize in Nanoscience
 Foresight Institute Feynman Prize in Nanotechnology
 IEEE Pioneer Award in Nanotechnology

References

External links
 International Society for Nanoscale Science, Computation, and Engineering
 Foundations of Nanoscience conference
 International Conference on DNA Computing and Molecular Programming

International scientific organizations
Nanotechnology institutions
CP Class 1550. The Série 1550 are a series of 19 diesel-electric locomotives built for the Portuguese Railways (CP). They entered service in 1973; they were built in Canada by the Montreal Locomotive Works (MLW). The locomotives are MLW's type MX 620 design.

See also
List of MLW diesel locomotives

References 

Railway locomotives introduced in 1973
MLW locomotives
Diesel–electric locomotives of Portugal
Harry Hopkins (engineer). Henry James Hopkins  (11 August 1912 – 9 January 1986) was a New Zealand civil engineer and university professor. He was born in Dwellingup, Western Australia, Australia on 11 August 1912.

In the 1980 New Year Honours, Hopkins was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire.

References

1912 births
1986 deaths
New Zealand academics
People from Dwellingup, Western Australia
Australian emigrants to New Zealand
New Zealand Officers of the Order of the British Empire
20th-century New Zealand engineers
New Zealand civil engineers
Robert Holmes (engineer). Robert West Holmes  (25 September 1856 – 8 February 1936) was a New Zealand civil engineer. He was born on 25 September 1856 in London.

In the Public Works Department he was responsible for the construction of the North Island Main Trunk Railway from 1891 to 1899, during which he completed the gap in the middle of the North Island with the Raurimu Spiral. He retired in 1920, having been Engineer-in-Chief of the department from 1907 to 1920 (and Undersecretary for a period in 1920).

References

1856 births
1936 deaths
New Zealand civil engineers
New Zealand Companions of the Imperial Service Order
19th-century New Zealand engineers
20th-century New Zealand engineers
New Zealand people in rail transport
Engineers from London
New Zealand public servants
Strelka (chess engine). Strelka () is a computer chess engine for Windows, developed by Yuri Osipov and released in May 2007. In total five versions of the program have been developed with the latest 5.5 version, released in May 2012, running only on a single processor core. The engine is named after the Soviet space dog of the same name. Strelka's achievements has been considered controversial, due to the disputed originality of its source code.

Strelka has been one of the strongest chess programs in the world according to the rating lists published by "Computerchess.org" and "husvankempen.de", entering the lists in late 2011 and climbing the ranks, taking second place in the 40/4 blitz rating list by December 2011 and seventh place in the 40/40 rating list by April 2012.

After late 2012, Strelka dropped to the fourth place in 40/4, surpassed by the Critter, Komodo, and eventually Stockfish. Strelka fell out of top twelve in 40/40 rating by early 2015.

Playing strength 
As of version 5.0, Strelka included 32-bit and 64-bit uniprocessor versions. Strelka 5.5 64-bit had 3197 Elo in the 40/40 computer chess rating list (CCRL) published in April 29, 2012, while in CEGT 40/4 rating Strelka 5.0 x64 1CPU reached its highest 3214 Elo in December 2011.

History
Strelka finished 2nd at the CIS computer chess championship in 2008, behind WildCat.

Controversy 
With the initial release of Strelka, chess players on "Rybkaforum" alleged that this engine was a clone of Rybka 1.0 beta—a reverse-engineered and slightly modified version of Rybka. Several players on the forum found Strelka to yield identical analysis to Rybka in a variety of different situations, even having the same bugs and weaknesses in some cases. Osipov, however, repeatedly stated on discussion boards that Strelka was based on Fruit, not Rybka, and that any similarities was either because Rybka was also based on Fruit, or because he had tuned the evaluation function to be as close to Rybka as possible.

After the release of Strelka 2.0 beta in January 2008, source code was included. Vasik Rajlich, the author of Rybka, stated that the source made it "obvious" that Strelka 2.0 beta was indeed a Rybka 1.0 beta clone, although not without some improvements in certain areas. On the basis of this, he claimed the source as his own and intended to re-release it under his own name, although he later decided not to do so. He also made allegations that "Yuri Osipov" was a pen name.

According to Victor Zakharov (Convekta company) in his review for Arena chess website: "I consider that Yuri Osipov (Ivanovich) is his real name. He didn't hide it. However I can't state this with 100% assurance." And he also has some contact with Yuri Osipov for development of mobile platforms chess program.

On Jan 23, 2011, Fabien Letouzey, the author of Fruit, sent a letter to another chess programmer Tord Romstad about Strelka and Rybka, where he expressed an opinion that Strelka 2.0 beta was a Fruit derivate with some minor changes.

References

External links 
  Chess engine Strelka (English translation)
  Strelka by Yuri Osipov, Russia
 By Jury Osipov (English Translated).
 

Chess engines
Yakovlev AIR-5. 

The Yakovlev AIR-5 was a prototype Soviet single-engined cabin monoplane designed by the Yakovlev design bureau. The AIR-5 was a high-wing strut-braced monoplane with a  Wright J-4 Whirlwind engine. It had a tubular steel fuselage, wooden wings and an enclosed cabin for a pilot and three passengers.

When the Whirlwind engine became unavailable no further aircraft were produced and a smaller variant was designed with a locally produced M-11 radial engine and designated the AIR-6.

Specifications

References

Notes

Bibliography

 
 

1930s Soviet civil utility aircraft
AIR-5
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1931
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Single-engined piston aircraft
MKSSS's Cummins College of Engineering for Women. MKSSS's Cummins College of Engineering for Women (CCOEW) is a private engineering college in Pune, Maharashtra, India established in 1991 and run by the Maharshi Karve Stree Shikshan Samstha.

History 
Started in the year 1991 by the  Maharshi Karve Stree Shikshan Samshta, a 113‑year‑old institution, that has a century long history dedicated to the upliftment of women by educating them and making them self-reliant, it was renamed after Cummins India Foundation gave a substantial donation. CCOEW is affiliated to the University of Pune and also offers technical courses affiliated to All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE).

References

External links 
https://web.archive.org/web/20120212214804/http://cumminscollege.org/about-us/the-college/
http://www.minglebox.com/college/M-K-S-S-S-s-Cummins-College-of-Engineering-For-Women-Pune-Cummins-P

Women's engineering colleges in India
Women's universities and colleges in Maharashtra
Engineering colleges in Pune
Colleges affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University
Aeros Virtuoso. The Aeros Virtuoso is a Ukrainian single-place, paraglider that was designed and produced by Aeros of Kyiv.

Design and development
The Virtuoso was intended as an intermediate paraglider and was AFNOR certified as "standard". The aircraft was in production in 2003, but is no longer available. The variant number indicates the wing area in square metres.

Variants
Virtuoso 25
Version with a  span wing, an area of , with 78 cells, an aspect ratio of 5.48:1 and a maximum speed of . Pilot weight range is . AFNOR certified.
Virtuoso 27
Version with a  span wing, an area of , with 78 cells, an aspect ratio of 5.48:1 and a maximum speed of . Pilot weight range is . AFNOR certified.
Virtuoso 30
Version with a  span wing, an area of , with 78 cells, an aspect ratio of 5.48:1 and a maximum speed of . Pilot weight range is . AFNOR certified.

Specifications (Virtuoso 25)

References

Paragliders
Virtuoso
William L. Wearly. William L. Wearly (December 5, 1915 – April 30, 2010) was chief executive officer and chairman of Ingersoll-Rand Co. and chief executive officer and president of Joy Global. Wearly was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1990 "for leadership in the development and manufacture of equipment contributing to safety and productivity in mining and in related industries".

References 

1915 births
2010 deaths
American engineers
American businesspeople
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Isaac L. Auerbach. Isaac L. Auerbach (October 9, 1921 – December 24, 1992) was an early advocate and pioneer of computing technologies, holder of 15 patents, founding president of the International Federation for Information Processing (1960–1965), a member of the National Academy of Sciences, an executive at the Burroughs Corporation and a developer of first computers at Sperry Univac.

International Federation for Information Processing established Isaac L. Auerbach Award in his name.

Auerbach was elected as a Distinguished Fellow of the British Computer Society in 1975 for his pioneering work in computing technologies.  He graduated from Drexel University (BS) and Harvard University (MS).

References 

1921 births
1992 deaths
American electrical engineers
American computer scientists
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
International Federation for Information Processing
Place of birth missing
Burroughs Corporation people
Fellows of the British Computer Society
Drexel University alumni
Harvard University alumni
Don Eigler. Donald M. Eigler (March 23, 1953) is an American physicist associated with the IBM Almaden Research Center, who is noted for his achievements in nanotechnology.

Work
In 1989, Eigler was the first to use a scanning tunneling microscope tip to arrange individual atoms on a surface, spelling out the letters "IBM" with 35 xenon atoms. He later went on to create the first quantum corrals, which are well-defined quantum wave patterns of small numbers of atoms, and nanoscale logic circuits using individual molecules of carbon monoxide. He shared the 2010 Kavli Prize in Nanoscience with Nadrian Seeman for these breakthroughs.

Eigler's 1989 research, along with Erhard K. Schweizer, involved a new use of the scanning tunneling microscope, which had been invented in the mid 1980s by Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer, also of IBM. The microscope had previously been used for atomic-resolution imaging, but this was the first time it had been used as an active technique, to precisely position individual atoms on a surface. The technique requires vacuum conditions and ultra-cold temperatures achieved by liquid helium cooling, and was featured on the cover of the journal Nature. At the time, it was seen as a potential first step towards applications in mechanosynthesis, where chemical reactions could be manipulated one molecule at a time.  Eigler's 2002 research, along with Andreas J. Heinrich, used a cascade of collisions of carbon monoxide molecules to perform logic operations.

Eigler graduated from the University of California, San Diego with a bachelor's degree in 1975 and a doctoral degree in 1984. He was postdoctoral staff at AT&T Bell Labs for two years, and then moved to IBM where he was appointed IBM Fellow in 1993. He retired from IBM in 2011.

He was elected in 1995 a Fellow of the American Physical Society and in 1999 a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

References

1953 births
Living people
American nanotechnologists
IBM employees
IBM Fellows
University of California, San Diego alumni
Kavli Prize laureates in Nanoscience
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Fellows of the American Physical Society
D-subminiature military. The D subminiature military is a Cannon connector used in aerospace, military, aviation, and electric cars. It is also manufactured by other companies besides Cannon ITT. It has seven pins in a housing the same size as the standard 9-pin or 15-pin D-sub. There are five pins in two central rows and two large pins, one at each end. UL file number E8572.

The D-sub military is used in commercial aircraft and the General Motors EV1 and General Motors Chevrolet S10-EV electric vehicles.

In the GM electric car range, it is used to join the Power Inverter Module (PIM) to the Auxiliary Power Module (APM).
Only four pins are used. The two large pins carry the approximately 400 V power supply to the APU and pins 1 and 5 carry the auto disconnect loop. The auto disconnect loop is terminated with a loop between pins 1 and 5 inside the APU on the back of the connector. Male part number = ITT 9649 DAM43400-85.

References

Electrical connectors
Meyers Me-165W. The Meyers Me-165W was a tandem-seat trainer designed for the American Civilian Pilot Training Program requirement during the Second World War.

Design and development

The Me-165W was a wire-braced, low-wing, open cockpit, tandem seat, monoplane with conventional landing gear. The fuselage was constructed from welded steel tubing with aircraft fabric covering. The wings used wooden spars and ribs with fabric covering. The wings were wire braced, with a slight gull wing profile.

The Me-165W was test flown for six months. The aircraft showed little improvement over Meyer's other trainer, the OTW. Meyers claimed the aircraft performed poorly. The program was canceled, the prototype was abandoned at the factory and later destroyed by a tornado.

Specifications (Me-165W)

See also

References

Low-wing aircraft
Walter C. Bachman. Walter C. Bachman (1911 – March 1, 1991) was an American ship designer and marine engineer, vice president and chief engineer at Gibbs and Cox, a member of the National Academy of Sciences, and a member of the American Society of Naval Engineers.

Bachman was noted for his work on the design of ship propulsion systems.

Bachman was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Bachman received a bachelor of science degree in industrial engineering and a master of science degree in mechanical engineering, both from Lehigh University, in 1933 and 1935, respectively.

References 

1911 births
1991 deaths
Engineers from Pennsylvania
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
People from Pittsburgh
Lehigh University alumni
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
20th-century American engineers
Aeros Style. The Aeros Style is a Ukrainian single-place paraglider designed and produced by Aeros of Kyiv.

Design and development
The Style was intended as an intermediate paraglider for local and cross country flying. Some sizes were AFNOR certified as "standard". The original Style design was in production in 2003, but is no longer available, having been replaced by the Style 2. The Style 2 is an entirely new design, which shares only the name of the previous aircraft. The early Style variant number indicates the wing area in square metres. The Style 2 uses simple size designations instead of wing areas for model numbers.

The Style 2 is constructed from Gelvenor OLKS fabric for the wing's top surface and NCV Porcher 9017E38 for the bottom surface, with the ribs made from NCV Porcher 9017E29. The lines are made from Cousin Trestec.

Variants
Style 26
Circa 2003 version with a  span wing, an area of , an aspect ratio of 5.15:1 and a maximum speed of . Pilot weight range is .
Style 28
Circa 2003 version with a  span wing, an area of , an aspect ratio of 5.15:1 and a maximum speed of . Pilot weight range is . AFNOR certified.
Style 30
Circa 2003 version with a  span wing, an area of , an aspect ratio of 5.15:1 and a maximum speed of . Pilot weight range is . AFNOR certified.
Style 32
Circa 2003 version with a  span wing, an area of , an aspect ratio of 5.15:1 and a maximum speed of . Pilot weight range is . AFNOR certified.
Style 2 XXS
Version in production in 2012, with a  span wing, an area of , with 46 cells, an aspect ratio of 5.23:1. Take-off weight range is .
Style 2 XS
Version in production in 2012, with a  span wing, an area of , with 46 cells, an aspect ratio of 5.23:1. Take-off weight range is .
Style 2 S
Version in production in 2012, with a  span wing, an area of , with 46 cells, an aspect ratio of 5.23:1. Take-off weight range is .
Style 2 M
Version in production in 2012, with a  span wing, an area of , with 46 cells, an aspect ratio of 5.23:1. Take-off weight range is . AFNOR certified.
Style 2 L
Version in production in 2012, with a  span wing, an area of , with 46 cells, an aspect ratio of 5.23:1. Take-off weight range is . AFNOR certified.
Style 2 XL
Version in production in 2012, with a  span wing, an area of , with 46 cells, an aspect ratio of 5.23:1. Take-off weight range is .
Style 2 XXL
Version in production in 2012, with a  span wing, an area of , with 46 cells, an aspect ratio of 5.23:1. Take-off weight range is .

Specifications (Style 2 M)

References

External links

Official website

Paragliders
Style
Robert L. Coble. Robert Louis Coble (January 22, 1928 – August 27, 1992) was an American ceramic scientist, notable for his discovery of Coble creep, the effect that carries his name, and for his invention of Lucalox.

Coble was a member of the National Academy of Engineering. The National Academy of Engineering said that Coble was "widely recognized for his contributions to the theory of sintering of materials and to ceramic processing".
Coble received Humboldt Research Award in 1984.
The American Ceramic Society established an award in Coble's name: Robert L. Coble Award for Young Scholars.

Biography
Coble was born in Uniontown, Pennsylvania. He graduated from Bethany College (1950) and received his doctorate from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1955). After graduation from MIT, Coble worked as a researcher at the General Electric Research Laboratory. He Joined MIT faculty in 1960, and became a full professor at MIT in 1969. At MIT, his doctoral students included Nancy Dudney, who completed her doctorate in 1979.

Coble retired in 1988 and died by drowning in 1992. Coble drowned off the coast of the island of Maui in Hawaii on August 27, 1992.

References 

1928 births
1992 deaths
Engineers from Pennsylvania
Deaths by drowning in the United States
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
People from Uniontown, Pennsylvania
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Bethany College (West Virginia) alumni
Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty
General Electric people
Accidental deaths in Hawaii
20th-century American engineers