omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Akula Sree Ramulu College of Engineering. Akula Sree Ramulu College of Engineering (ASRCE) is a private engineering college established by ASR Educational Society in Tanuku, West Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh, India. It is located on the National Highway (NH-16),  from Tanuku railway station. The college is affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, and is approved by the All India Council for Technical Education.

History 
The founder Chairman of ASR Group of Educational Institutions, Late Sri. Akula Sree Ramulu started this educational world with schools and gradually he extended many courses like Industrial Training (I.T.I), Polytechnic (Diploma), Degree, P.G, D.Ed., B.Ed., MCA, MBA, B.Tech. and M.Tech.

Courses Offered 
 B.Tech Computer Science and Engineering
 B.Tech Electronics and Communication Engineering
 B.Tech Information Technology
 B.Tech Electrical and Electronics Engineering
 B.Tech Mechanical Engineering
 M.Tech Computer Science and Engineering
 M.Tech Electronics and Communication Engineering
 M.Tech Structural Engineering
 M.Tech CAD CAM
 M.Tech Thermal Engineering

References

Engineering colleges in Andhra Pradesh
Universities and colleges in West Godavari district
1998 establishments in Andhra Pradesh
Universities and colleges established in 1998
Swoboda Lock. Swoboda Lock is the seventh lock on the Augustów Canal (from the Biebrza). It is situated amidst the Augustów Forest near Lake Studzieniczne. It was built between 1826 and 1827 by Lt.-Col. Eng. Jan Paweł Lelewel. In the 1960s it underwent modernization involving the replacement of original wooden gates with metal crank-driven mechanism raised, reinforced concrete bridge was built a distinctive and concreting awanportu. New system to move the gates did not work and was later by one of the membranes removed, and replaced the original system of drawbars.
 Location: 47.4 km channel
 Level difference: 1.7 m
 Length: 45.77 m
 Width: 5.95 m
 Gates: metal
 Year of construction: 1826–1827
 Construction Manager: Lt.-Col. Eng. John Paul Lelewel

References

 
 
 

19th-century establishments in Poland
Swoboda
HeeksCAD. HeeksCAD is a free software computer-aided design program written in C++. It uses Open CASCADE Technology internally for the modelling and wxWidgets as its widget toolkit.

HeeksCAD supports cuboids, spheres, cylinders and cones as basic 3D solids. Further geometric objects may be created by sweeping or connecting 2D shapes.

HeeksCAD makes extensive use of local coordinate systems. For example, these are used to define the drawing plane and the direction of an extrusion.

The program can be extended with additional plugins. Plugins are available for Python scripting, milling and freeform surface modelling.

See also 

 Comparison of CAD editors for AEC

References

Further reading 
 B. Collette, D. Falck, No Secrets: Open-source CAM Application Bares All, Digital Machinist Vol. 5 No. 3 Fall 2010

External links
 

Free computer-aided design software
Free software programmed in C++
Computer-aided design software for Linux
Software using the BSD license
Software that uses wxWidgets
Dr. Sivanthi Aditanar College of Engineering. The Dr. Sivanthi Aditanar College of Engineering ( Dr. SACOE) is an engineering college situated in Tiruchendur, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India. It was established in 1995 and offers both undergraduate and postgraduate engineering degrees with the principal objective of bringing quality education within the reach of the weaker sections, particularly in rural areas. The college has been established with the aim of imparting professional and technical education with an emphasis on building analytical and reasoning abilities as well as practical skills. It is affiliated with Anna University, Chennai, approved by the All India Council for Technical Education and accredited by the National Board of Accreditation and an ISO 9001:2008 certified institution. The medium of instruction is English for all courses, examinations, seminar presentations, and project reports.

Existing Courses

Undergraduate Courses

Postgraduate Courses

Infrastructure
Infrastructure of the college has six separate buildings for the departments
Administrative Block
Civil Engineering Block 
Electrical Sciences Block
Information Technology Block
Mechanical Block
Structural Engineering Block

Most of the student population stays on campus in hostels. The single gender hostels, two for men and one for women, are namely

Boys Hostels:
Boys Hostel I
Boys Hostel II

Girls Hostel:
Mangal Mala Women's Hostel

Clubs and Associations
Clubs and professional organisations at Dr. Sivanthi Aditanar College of Engineering serve as an important nodal point in students' lives. Students enthusiastically perform managerial, organisational and participatory roles in these groups.
Sivanthi Civil Association for Learning Engineers (SCALE)
Sivanthi Computer AssociatioN (SCAN)
Sivanthi Prolific Association of Communication Engineers (SPACE)
Electrical Association for Sivanthi Engineers (EASE)
Buoyant Infotechies Of Sivanthi (BIOS)
Mechanical Association for Sivanthi Scholars (MASS)
SivantHi Association for Rising Executives (SHARE)
Sivanthi Science Club 
ICI Students' Chapter
Computer Society of India (CSI)
Institution of Engineers (India) CSE Students' Chapter
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Indian Society for Technical Education (ISTE)	
ISTE Students' Chapter
Institution of Engineers (India) Electrical Students' Chapter
Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers (IETE)
Indian Society for Training & Development (ISTD)
Institution of Engineers (India) Mechanical Students' Chapter
National Service Scheme (NSS)
Renewable Energy Club (REC)
Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)
Entrepreneurship Development Cell (EDC)
Literary and Debating Society (LDS)

References

External links

Engineering colleges in Tamil Nadu
Colleges affiliated to Anna University
Thoothukudi district
1995 establishments in Tamil Nadu
Educational institutions established in 1995
Vision chip. A vision chip is an integrated circuit having both image sensing circuitry and image processing circuitry on the same die. The image sensing circuitry may be implemented using charge-coupled devices, active pixel sensor circuits, or any other light sensing mechanism. The image processing circuitry may be implemented using analog, digital, or mixed signal (analog and digital) circuitry. One area of research is the use of neuromorphic engineering techniques to implement processing circuits inspired by biological neural systems. The output of a vision chip is generally a partially processed image or a high-level information signal revealing something about the observed scene. Although there is no standard definition of a vision chip, the processing performed may comprise anything from processing individual pixel values to performing complex image processing functions and outputting a single value or yes/no signal based on the scene.

Types of processing performed in a vision chip 
There is no standard definition of what constitutes a vision chip and thus the type of circuitry that may be performed. Below is a sample list of processing steps reported in vision chip designs, as reported in several books.:

Light sensing techniques 
Active pixel sensors (APS)
Charge-coupled devices
Logarithmic compression pixels
Microbolometers for thermal imaging

Spatial processing techniques 
Lateral inhibition
Artificial silicon retina circuits
Contrast enhancement
Edge or other static feature detection

Temporal processing techniques 
Intensity change detection
Detection of visual motion / optical flow

Other techniques 
Cellular nonlinear networks

Commercially available vision chips 
The overwhelming majority of vision chip designs were executed largely by academic institutions as part of research projects. However several designs have, at one point or another, been commercialized as a product.
Optical mouse sensor: The sensor chip used in an optical mouse is a vision chip.
Mitsubishi silicon retina chip

See also 
Optical flow sensor
Active pixel sensor
Charge-coupled device
Neuromorphic engineering
Vision processing unit, a class of processor for accelerating machine vision, possibly including camera interfaces, but not directly including photosensitive elements

References

External links 
 http://www.iee.et.tu-dresden.de/iee/analog/papers/mirror/visionchips/

Optoelectronics
SS Erl King (1865). The SS Erl King was built at A and J Inglis, Pointhouse, Glasgow and launched in 1865 and owned by Robertson & Co London. She was designed as an Auxiliary Steam Ship - steam power would be used to supplement the propulsion from the sails, when there was no wind or if there was a light head wind. She was fitted with a propeller that could be lifted up when sailing, so as to reduce drag. The engine was not powerful enough to push the ship, with all the windage of standing rigging, directly into a strong headwind. Auxiliary steam power had the advantage of allowing this vessel to use the Suez Canal when it opened in 1869 - something which was not possible for sailing vessels.

China trade
The Erl King was used in the China trade – sailing from Britain to China to collect, primarily, tea. The ending of the British East India Company's monopoly of the tea trade from China to Britain in 1834 had given rise to the tea clipper era, with much of the tea that was brought from China being carried in high speed sailing vessels that competed to get the first "new crop" to market in Britain. (Slower sailing vessels also carried tea.) In 1866, the Erl King entered this trade in competition with the sailing vessels. The tea clippers, if able to load a cargo early, would race against each other, often with a premium payment written into the bills of lading for the winning ship. These races were reported in the newspapers, bets were placed, and tea wholesalers and retailers would mention which ship had carried the batches of tea they were selling.

1866 happened to be a very close race among the tea clippers. The Erl King loaded a cargo of 1,108,100 pounds of tea in Foochow and sailed on 5 June 1866. The first clippers had left a week earlier. However, the Erl King arrived in London on 20 August 1866, a passage of 77 days – with the sailing vessels still in the Atlantic. The fastest clippers arrived on 6 September with passage times of 99 days – their race was virtually a dead heat. The merchants who had promised the 10 shillings a ton premium to the winning sailing vessel therefore  lost out, not only because so many race participants had arrived at the same time, but because "new crop" tea from the Erl King had already been on the market for well over a week.

The Erl King also carried passengers. On her 1866 passage from China, these included the wife of Captain MacKinnon, master of the Taeping, one of the two clippers that tied first place in the Tea Race that year. Mrs. MacKinnon had presumably not traveled on her husband's racing ship as she was pregnant. She gave birth to a baby boy whilst the Erl King was "about 4 days sail from Cape de Verde".

Loss
She was wrecked on Long Reef, east of the Florida Keys.

References 

1865 ships
Ships built in Glasgow
Victorian-era merchant ships of the United Kingdom
1865 establishments in Scotland
William A. Wallace (organizational theorist). William A. Wallace (often referred to as William "Al" Wallace) is an American systems and infrastructure engineering expert. He is professor at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in the department of decision sciences and engineering systems, and holds joint appointments in cognitive sciences and civil and environmental engineering. He is research director of Rensselaer's Center for Infrastructure and Transportation Studies.

Education and early life 

Wallace gained his bachelor's degree in chemical engineering from the Illinois Institute of Technology in 1958, and his M.S. (1961) and Ph.D. (1965) in management science from Rensselaer, His doctoral thesis was entitled Producer Learning: An Adaptive Control Process. He also served in the U.S. Navy.

Research

Wallace's research interests center around decision support systems, the process of modeling and emergency management. His work has focussed on transportation, infrastructure and in particular computer-based simulation and modeling, notably of emergency transport and other major incident management.

Wallace was the founding co-editor, and co-editor-in-chief of the journal Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory.

References

External links
 William A. Wallace - Faculty Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute faculty
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute alumni
Illinois Institute of Technology alumni
American systems scientists
Living people
1935 births
Schreder Airmate HP-9. The Schreder Airmate HP-9 is an American high wing, single seat glider that was designed by Richard Schreder and intended to be flown by the designer in the 1960 World Gliding Championships.

Airmate was the name of Schreder's design company.

Design and development
The HP-9, the HP indicating high performance, was Schreder's FAI Standard Class follow-on design to the FAI Open Class HP-8 and was built to compete in the 1960 Worlds in the newly established Standard Class, but was not completed in time. The HP-9 was sold unfinished to Bob Litle, Jr who had Javelin Aircraft complete the glider.

The HP-9 is constructed entirely of aluminium and has an all-flying stabilator tail. The aircraft also features dive brakes and a retractable monowheel undercarriage. The wing has Fowler flaps which increase the wing area from  and lower the minimum sink speed to 2.11 feet per second (0.64 m/s) at  from 2.26 ft/s (0.69 m/s) at .

Only one HP-9 was built.

Operational history
The sole HP-9 was still in existence in April 2011 and was listed by the Federal Aviation Administration as having been sold to the Centre County, Pennsylvania Visitor Bureau.

Specifications (HP-9)

See also

References

1960s United States sailplanes
Schreder aircraft
Messenger (sternwheeler). Messenger was a sternwheel steamboat of the Puget Sound Mosquito Fleet.

Career
Messenger was built in 1876 at Tumwater, Washington.  The vessel had separate cabins for men and women, and worked in the south Puget Sound area, sometimes in competition with Zephyr.  Messenger was destroyed by fire in 1907 while docked at Tacoma.

References
 Findlay, Jean Cammon and Paterson, Robin, Mosquito Fleet of Southern Puget Sound, (2008) Arcadia Publishing 

1876 ships
Steamboats of Washington (state)
Passenger ships of the United States
Sternwheelers of Washington (state)
Rational design. In chemical biology and biomolecular engineering, rational design (RD) is an umbrella term which invites the strategy of creating new molecules with a certain functionality, based upon the ability to predict how the molecule's structure (specifically derived from motifs) will affect its behavior through physical models.  This can be done either from scratch or by making calculated variations on a known structure, and usually complements directed evolution.

Applications 
As an example, rational design is used to decipher collagen stability, mapping ligand-receptor interactions, unveiling protein folding and dynamics, and creating extra-biological structures by using fluorinated amino acids. To treat cancer, rational design is used for targeted therapies where proteins are engineered to modify the communication of cells with their environment. There is also the rational design of alfa-alkyl auxin molecules, which are auxin analogs capable of binding and blocking the formation of the hormone receptor complex.

Other applications of rational design include:

 Protein design
 Nucleic acid design
 Drug design
 Pathway design

References

Biotechnology
Balasore College of Engineering and Technology. Balasore College of Engineering and Technology is a private technological college in Sergarh, Baleshwar, Odisha. The college has eight academic departments for polytechnics and engineering. Established in the year 2001, it is one of the oldest private colleges of Odisha and the largest technical institute in the Baleshwar district. It is an AICTE-approved institute and is an ISO 9001:2008-certified institute.

References

Private engineering colleges in India
Engineering colleges in Odisha
Colleges affiliated with Biju Patnaik University of Technology
Education in Balasore district
Educational institutions established in 2001
2001 establishments in Orissa
Balasore
Greentech College of Engineering for Women. Greentech College of Engineering for Women is an engineering college in Attur, Tamil Nadu, southern India. It is affiliated to Anna University and approved by the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), government of India. It was established in 2008.

Courses
 B.E/B.TECH (four years)
 Computer Science Engineering
 Information Technology
 Electronics & Communication Engineering
 Electrical & Electronics Engineering

Co-curricular activities

NSS is the school's National Service Scheme. It develops the ability to meet emergencies and natural disasters and  practice national integration and social harmony.
YRC (the Youth Red Cross) encourages the public to donate blood. The Blood Donors' Club takes care of blood grouping, conducting blood donation camps, etc.
RRC creates awareness about HIV and AIDS among students. Tamil Nadu State AIDS Control Society has come out with a statewide action programme.
Maths club organizes aptitude tests and puzzle training to enrich the analytical skills of the students.
  English club: The "GREENWEB" is a forum to enhance the oral and aural skills of the technical students. Budding engineers participate in elocution, paper presentation, group discussion, caption writing, spellout, master mind, debate, news reading, poem composition, news reporting etc.
 Cyber club: The Science Club of the college provides students with a glimpse of the frontiers of science not covered in the syllabus. The club invites scientists to share their experience with the students.

See also
Education in India
Literacy in India
List of educational institutions in Salem, India
List of institutions of higher education in Tamil Nadu

References

External links 
 https://web.archive.org/web/20110415090418/http://greentech.ac.in/

Women's engineering colleges in India
Engineering colleges in Tamil Nadu
Women's universities and colleges in Tamil Nadu
Colleges affiliated to Anna University
Education in Salem district
Universities and colleges established in 2008
2008 establishments in Tamil Nadu
Peyret-Abrial A-5 Rapace. The Peyret-Abrial A-5 Rapace, also called the  Abrial A-5 Rapace, was a glider designed by Georges Abrial in France during the 1920s, assisted by Louis Peyret and Professor Toussant. The aircraft flew for the first time in 1928.

Design and development 
The A-5 Rapace was constructed primarily of wood, with high set monoplane wings.

Specifications (A-5 Rapace)

1920s French sailplanes
Peyret aircraft
Glider aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1928
High-wing aircraft
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate commonly abbreviated DEHT (Dioctyl terephthalate or DOTP), is an organic compound with the formula C6H4(CO2C8H17)2. It is a non-phthalate plasticizer, being the diester of terephthalic acid and the branched-chain 2-ethylhexanol, which is often generically referred to as octyl.  This colorless viscous liquid is used for softening PVC plastics and is known for chemical similarity to general purpose phthalates such as DEHP and DINP, but without any negative regulatory pressure. It possesses very good plasticizing properties and may be used as a direct replacement for DEHP and DINP in many applications.

Production 
One method of manufacture entails the transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with 2-ethylhexanol:
C6H4(CO)2(OCH3)2  +  2 C8H17OH  →  C6H4(CO2 C8H17)2  +  2CH3OH

A second method of manufacture is a direct esterification of terephthalic acid with 2-ethylhexanol:
C6H4(CO2H)2  +  2 C8H17OH  →  C6H4(CO2 C8H17)2  +  2H2O

Use 
DEHT is a general purpose plasticizer that is considered safer than ortho-phthalate plasticizers due to its reduced toxicity profile.  The terephthalates exhibit none of the peroxisome proliferation of liver enzymes that some ortho-phthalates have shown in several studies. It has uses in applications like extrusion, calendering, injection molding, rotational molding, dip molding, slush molding and coating.

Alternative plasticizers 
Several plasticizers offer similar technical properties to DEHT. These alternatives include phthalates such as DINP, DOP, DPHP, DIDP as well as non-phthalates such as DINCH and citrate esters.

Possible Health Effects 
According to a panel appointed by the French Agency for the Safety of Health Products (ANSM), there is very little clinical assessment data regarding the toxicity, migration from Medical Devices, and population exposure of alternative plasticizers (e.g. DEHT/DOTP) and their metabolites.  The French government report concludes: "The presently available information indicates that DEHTP is not expected to pose any health or environmental risks. DEHTP is not considered as toxic for reproduction and no alert was found on potential endocrine disruption properties of the substance."

Researchers from Korea state that: "DEHT, a phthalate  ester stoichiometrically eqivaluent  to DEHP, has been shown to have potential reproductive and developmental toxicity."  The NOAELs quoted are actually quite high, indicating the potential for reproductive toxicity is low.  The same paper further states: "The ability of DEHT to induce anti-androgenic effects in male offspring was assessed by giving pregnant rats 750 mg/kg/d DEHT; no changes were observed."  And further: "Results of a uterotrophic assay in which immature females were given up to 2,000 mg/kg/d DEHT indicate that this compound does not possess estrogenic activity."

References 

Ester solvents
Plasticizers
Terephthalate esters
2-Ethylhexyl esters
Edmund Hugh Hodgkinson. Edmund Hugh Hodgkinson (23 November 1857 – 16 October 1943) was a British bicycle inventor who in 1896 patented the Gradient three-speed gear changing system, one of the very earliest proposals for a derailleur.

Hodgkinson was born in Marylebone to Sir George Edmund Hodgkinson, a shipbuilder, and Ellen Hodgkinson.

Patent
The patent application in 1896 (patent  1570), 
described a system in which 
For the purpose of altering the speed of the gearing two or more pinions of different sizes are provided and arrangements made for shifting the driving chain from pinion to pinion.
("pinion" = "sprocket" in modern terms)

The Gradient system based on these ideas was introduced commercially in 1900.

Design
The system used two chain-lifters to lift the chain from the sprockets.
The cyclist would then back-pedal to disengage the chain and then shift the
sprocket cluster laterally to the desired position.  It would then engage
when the cyclist started pedalling again.  To allow for the smaller sprockets to slide into the hub, the larger gears were away from the wheel (unlike modern sprockets).

A pulley on a spring-mounted arm adjusted for the chain slack; this system was originally introduced in the 1884 patent of Linley, Biggs and Tandy.

In 1904, Hodgkinson sold an improved version of the Gradient design to Terot et Compagnie of Dijon, France, who were producing a version by 1907.

References

British inventors
19th-century British engineers
1857 births
1943 deaths
People from Marylebone