omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Finnish Air Force Museum. The Finnish Air Force Museum (), formerly the Aviation Museum of Central Finland (), is an aviation museum located near Jyväskylä Airport in Tikkakoski, Jyväskylä, Finland. The museum exhibits the aviation history of Finland, from the early 1900s until today. The museum is owned by the Foundation of Aviation Museum of Central Finland ().

The exhibition consists of aircraft, engines and aircrew equipment which has been used by the Finnish Air Force. The equipment of the Air Force Signals Museum has its own section. A large collection of scale models gives a wider perspective to the whole field of aviation.

The museum has around 25,000 visitors.

Aircraft
The following aircraft are a selection of the collection. More aircraft are being stored elsewhere, waiting for restoration.
 Avro 504K
 Bell P-39 Airacobra
 Brewster Buffalo
 Bristol Blenheim
 De Havilland D.H.60X Moth
 De Havilland D.H. 115 Vampire Trainer T.Mk.55 
 Douglas DC-3 i.e. C-47
 Focke-Wulf Fw 44 J Stieglitz
 Fokker D.XXI
 Folland Gnat Mk.1  
 Fouga CM170 Magister
 Gourdou-Lesseurre B.3
 Ilyushin Il-28R
 Martinsyde F.4 Buzzard
 Bf 109G-6Y 167271 - MT-507
 Mignet HM-14 Pou du Ciel Taivaankirppu
 MiG-15 UTI (twin-seated)
 MiG-17
 MiG-21 F,Bis (single-seated)
 MiG-21 U,UM (twin-seated) 
 Mil Mi-1
 Mil Mi-4
 Morane-Saulnier MS 50C
 Saab 91D Safir
 Saab 35 Draken (Single- and twin-seated)
 Thulin typ D replika 
 Tiira
 Valmet Vihuri II
 VL Humu
 VL Pyörremyrsky
 VL Pyry

See also

 List of aerospace museums
 List of museums in Finland

Sources

External links

 Finnish Air Force Museum – Official homepage

Aerospace museums in Finland
Buildings and structures in Jyväskylä
Military and war museums in Finland
Museums in Central Finland
Stream thrust averaging. In fluid dynamics, stream thrust averaging is a process used to convert three-dimensional flow through a duct into one-dimensional uniform flow.  It makes the assumptions that the flow is mixed adiabatically and without friction.  However, due to the mixing process, there is a net increase in the entropy of the system.  Although there is an increase in entropy, the stream thrust averaged values are more representative of the flow than a simple average as a simple average would violate the second law of thermodynamics.

Equations for a perfect gas
Stream thrust:

Mass flow:

Stagnation enthalpy:

Solutions
Solving for  yields two solutions.  They must both be analyzed to determine which is the physical solution.  One will usually be a subsonic root and the other a supersonic root.  If it is not clear which value of velocity is correct, the second law of thermodynamics may be applied.

Second law of thermodynamics:

The values   and   are unknown and may be dropped from the formulation.  The value of entropy is not necessary, only that the value is positive.

One possible unreal solution for the stream thrust averaged velocity yields a negative entropy.  Another method of determining the proper solution is to take a simple average of the velocity and determining which value is closer to the stream thrust averaged velocity.

References
 

Equations of fluid dynamics
Fluid dynamics
Émile Henriot (chemist). Émile Henriot  (2 July 1885 – 1 February 1961) was a French chemist notable for being the first to show definitely that potassium and rubidium are naturally radioactive.

He investigated methods to generate extremely high angular velocities, and found that suitably placed air-jets can be used to spin tops at very high speeds - this technique was later used to construct ultracentrifuges.

He was a pioneer in the study of the electron microscope. He also studied birefringence and molecular vibrations.

He obtained his DSc in physics in 1912 the Sorbonne, Paris, under Marie Curie.

References

 
 Biographie Nationale publiée par L’Académie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique, Établissements Émile Bruylant: 1866-1986, vol. 12 (suppl.), col 421-423.
 Acad. Roy. Belg. Ann., 1964, 130, pp. 47–59.
 Acad. Roy. Sci. Bull. Cl. Sci., 1961, 47, p. 680.
 Le Radium, 1908, 5, pp. 41–46
  Radioactivity in the Natural Environment, in  Guide to the Nuclear Wall Chart, at The ABC's of Nuclear Science by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
 Natural Radioactivity and Radiation at National Library of Medicine

1885 births
1961 deaths
University of Paris alumni
20th-century French chemists
French military personnel of World War I
German submarine U-88 (1941). German submarine U-88 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

She was laid down at the Flender Werke in Lübeck as yard number 292, launched on 16 August 1941 and commissioned on 15 October with Kapitänleutnant Heino Bohmann in command.

She was a fairly successful boat, succeeding in sinking 12,304 GRT of Allied shipping in a career lasting just one year over three patrols.

Design
German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-88 had a displacement of  when at the surface and  while submerged. She had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two MAN M 6 V 40/46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of  for use while surfaced, two Brown, Boveri & Cie GG UB 720/8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of  for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two  propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to .

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of  and a maximum submerged speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate for  at ; when surfaced, she could travel  at . U-88 was fitted with five  torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one  SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and a  C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.

Service history

First patrol
Having moved from Kiel to Kirkenes in Norway in April 1942, U-88 departed for her first patrol on the 29th. She returned on 3 May.

Second patrol
The boat moved from Kirkenes to Narvik in early May and set-off for her second patrol on 17 June 1942. She sank two American ships, part of the ill-fated Convoy PQ 17, on 5 July. After a three-hour pursuit, the Carlton was hit by a torpedo which did not detonate. A second torpedo exploded on impact, the ship sank in ten minutes. U-88 then hit the Daniel Morgan which had already been attacked by German aircraft. Three men died, there were 51 survivors.

Third patrol and loss
U-88 left Narvik on 25 August 1942 for her final patrol. She was sunk south of Spitzbergen at  by depth charges from the British destroyer  on 12 September. Forty-six men died; there were no survivors.

Alternate account of loss
U-88 was sunk on 14 September 1942 by depth charges from the British destroyer .

Wolfpacks
U-88 took part in three wolfpacks, namely:
 Strauchritter (29 April - 2 May 1942) 
 Eisteufel (21 June - 11 July 1942) 
 Trägertod (12 September 1942)

Summary of raiding history

See also
 Convoy PQ 17
 Convoy PQ 18

References

Bibliography

External links

German Type VIIC submarines
U-boats commissioned in 1941
U-boats sunk in 1942
U-boats sunk by depth charges
U-boats sunk by British warships
World War II submarines of Germany
World War II shipwrecks in the Arctic Ocean
1941 ships
Ships built in Lübeck
Submarines lost with all hands
Maritime incidents in September 1942
Flower of the East. The Flower of the East () complex was a €1.7 billion tourism attraction project, begun in 2004 in Kish Island and was expected to be finished by 2010. The project was cancelled in 2007. The complex was to accommodate a luxury hotel. This project was cancelled in 2017.

Development  project
The Flower of the East Development Project was the biggest project on Kish Island in the Persian Gulf. The project was slated to include three hotels, three Residential Areas, Villas and Apartment Complexes, Coffee Shops, Showrooms, Stores, Sports Facilities and a Marina. The project was managed by the German firm FOE Projektgesellschaft mbH.
Flower of the East Kish Development company in which FOE Projektgeselschaft mbH is the 98% share holder, has been registered in Department of Registrar of Companies and Industrial and Intellectual Ownerships of Kish Free Zone Organization and  continues to be active and has received the annual Economy Activity License for 2010 from KFZO and also received the Amendment of the primary Foreign Investment Permission from FIPA on 05/01/2009.

Flower of the East consists of these sub categories:
 Flower of the East Hotel
 Mainland Apartments
 Promenades: Mainland Promenade, Marina Promenade, Gardens, Patio & Restaurants, Shopping malls 
 Marina: Club Village Villas, Club Arcades, Yacht Harbour, Apartments
 Harbour City
 Parc Residences
 Golf Villas & Hotel
 Fallin Waters Golf Club & Residences
 Hotels: Beauty, Spa, Park etc.

Hotel

The Centerpiece of the project is a hotel in the shape of a flower. The tower is a combination of Persian and Modern architecture.
Due to the geographical location of the Flower of the East Hotel, the sunrise would have been seen by the hotel residents. The hotel was to be surrounded by a park.

Marina
The Flower of the East Marina

A Marina Club Village is to be constructed by Flower of the East Hotel:

 Marina Club Village is surrounded by club park. Each garden is modelled Middle East shaped.
 Marina Club Arcade is the central attraction for the fans of water sports.
 The Marina offers a harbour for demanding skipper.

Falling Waters golf club and residences
The golf facilities include an 18-hole championship golf course based on PGA standards and a 9-hole course for beginners.
The properties of Falling Water Residences are between 1500 and 3500 m² and living areas are 430 to 2000 m² that can be designed and furnished according to the taste of the owner.

See also
 Kish Island

External links
Office Responsible, Drees & Sommer
Kish Free Zone Organization
Iran Economics
SkyScraper Life Bulletin

References

Kish Island
Proposed buildings and structures in Iran
Resorts in Iran
Tourism in Iran
Buildings and structures in Hormozgan province
Titanium yellow. Titanium yellow, also nickel antimony titanium yellow, nickel antimony titanium yellow rutile, CI Pigment Yellow 53, or C.I. 77788, is a yellow pigment with the chemical composition of NiO·Sb2O3·20TiO2. It is a complex inorganic compound. Its melting point lies above 1000 °C, and has extremely low solubility in water. While it contains antimony and nickel, their bioavailability is very low, so the pigment is relatively safe. 

The pigment has crystal lattice of rutile, with 2–5% of titanium ions replaced with nickel(II) and 9–12% of them replaced with antimony(III).

Titanium yellow is manufactured by reacting fine powders of metal oxides, hydroxides, or carbonates in solid state in temperatures between 1000 and 1200 °C, either in batches or continuously in a pass-through furnace.

Titanium yellow is used primarily as a pigment for plastics and ceramic glazes, and in art painting.

See also
 List of colors
 List of inorganic pigments

External links
 Database of Painting Pigments
 chemicalbook.com

Inorganic pigments
Nickel compounds
Antimony(III) compounds
Titanium(IV) compounds
Shades of yellow
Sir George Hamilton, 1st Baronet, of Ilford. Sir (Collingwood) George Clements Hamilton, 1st Baronet (1 November 1877 – 12 January 1947) was an English electrical engineer and Conservative Party politician.

Born in Northumberland, he was the son of a prominent Church of England cleric, the Venerable George Hans Hamilton, Archdeacon of Lindisfarne then Northumberland, Canon of Durham and his wife Lady Louisa Hamilton.

Early career and family
Following education at Aysgarth School and Charterhouse School, he was apprenticed to the firm of Scott & Mountain Ltd, a Newcastle-based electrical and general engineering company. He represented the company in various countries including India, Bulgaria, Greece, Russia and Egypt. He subsequently became the managing director of the Manchester branch of Drake & Gorham, electrical engineers.

He married Eleanor Simon of Didsbury in 1906, and they had one son and one daughter.

War service
During World War I he was commissioned as an officer in the Queen's Westminster Rifles, the 16th Battalion of the London Regiment, rising to the rank of major. In October 1916 he was transferred to the General List. He was appointed Director of Enrolment National Service in 1917 and Controller of Contract Claims at the Ministry of Munitions in 1918.

Political career
From 1910 to 1913 he was a councillor on the Knutsford Urban District Council.

In 1913 he won a by-election and was elected to the Commons as Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) for Altrincham. He served as Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Minister of Pensions from 1919 to 1920. He held the seat until 1923. He returned to parliament at another by-election at Ilford in 1928. He resigned from the House of Commons in 1937.

He was knighted in 1922 Birthday Honours, and made a baronet in the 1937 Coronation Honours "for political and public services".

Later life
Hamilton moved to Cransford Hall, near Saxmundham in Suffolk. He became a member of East Suffolk County Council, and was chairman of two companies: the Expanded Metal Company and the National Group of Fixed Trusts.

He died at Cransford in January 1947, aged 69.

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links 
 
 

1877 births
1947 deaths
Territorial Force officers
Knights Bachelor
1701
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1910–1918
UK MPs 1918–1922
UK MPs 1922–1923
UK MPs 1924–1929
UK MPs 1929–1931
UK MPs 1931–1935
UK MPs 1935–1945
 
People from Northumberland
English electrical engineers
People educated at Aysgarth School
People educated at Charterhouse School
Queen's Westminsters officers
British Army personnel of World War I
British Army General List officers
Members of East Suffolk County Council
Military personnel from Northumberland
Eagle Aircraft Eagle 150. The Eagle Aircraft 150 is an Australian designed two-seat single-engine composite material training, touring and sport aircraft. It utilizes a three lifting surface design consisting of a forward wing (foreplane), main wing (mainplane) and horizontal stabilizer (tailplane). The aircraft was designed and originally built by Eagle Aircraft Pty Ltd, but is now manufactured in Malaysia by Composites Technology Research Malaysia (CTRM).

Design and development
The Eagle 150B is a development of the Eagle Aircraft X-TS from Western Australian inventors Neil Graham and his father Deryck Graham. Australian aeronautical engineer Graham Swannell and American aerodynamicist John Roncz were then engaged to design an aircraft to meet then-current JAR VLA requirements and demonstrate minimal stall characteristics. The resulting prototype (designated Eagle 150A) was first flown in March 1988, and was certified in November 1996. The aircraft demonstrated docile stall characteristics, rapid roll rates, 125 knot cruise speed (at 75% power) and crisp handling. After 15 aircraft were built at Fremantle, Western Australia, the Eagle 150B was introduced. Roncz was presented with the Prince's Australian Medal for the design of the Eagle 150 by His Royal Highness Prince Philip at a London ceremony in 2000.

The manufacturing rights to the Eagle 150B are now owned by the Malaysian company Composites Technology Research Malaysia (CTRM).

Eagle Airborne Reconnaissance Vehicle
A development of the aircraft as an unmanned aerial vehicle has been designated the Eagle ARV System. The first system, consisting of three aircraft and a ground station, has been purchased by the Malaysian government and other 20 on order.
 The unmanned or manned version of 150 is being used by the Royal Malaysian Air Force for aerial surveillance operations for environmental and fire control. Specifications are identical to the Eagle 150 other than the ability for the aircraft to be remotely flown.

Variants
Eagle 150Productionised version of the XT-S, built by Eagle Aircraft.
Eagle 150BFurther development of the 150
CTRM Eagle ARV Optionally piloted UAV version of the 150B developed by Eagle Aircraft Pty Ltd/BAE Systems/Composites Technology Research Malaysia (CTRM) for the Malaysian Government.

Specifications (E-150B)

References

 World Directory of Leisure Aviation 2005–2006, ISSN 1368-485X

External links

 CRTM (Composites Technology Research Malaysia 
 CASA Australia Type Certificate
 FAA Type Certificate
 New Zealand Type Acceptance Report 
 TCM IO-240 Type Certificate Data Sheet
 McCauley 1A135 Type Certificate Data Sheet

1990s Malaysian civil utility aircraft
Eagle Aircraft
Unmanned aerial vehicles of Malaysia
Three-surface aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1997
ARA La Argentina (C-3). ARA La Argentina was a light cruiser, designed for training naval cadets, built for the Argentine Navy. The ship was authorised in 1934, and the contract was put out to tender in 1935, being won by the British company Vickers-Armstrongs at a cost of 6 million pesos.

La Argentina was built in Barrow-in-Furness, England. She was laid down on 11 January 1936, launched 16 March 1937 and not completed until 31 January 1939, being delayed by the British re-armament programme. She was decommissioned in 1972 and scrapped.

Design
The design was based on British practice, being modified to meet the requirements of the Argentinians for a training ship with 60 cadets. This ship was an enlarged version of the , armed with triple turrets.

Service
The ship sailed from Britain in February 1939 and arrived at La Plata on 2 March, being commissioned on 12 April 1939. She made several training cruises before the war but was placed in the active squadron to maintain Argentine neutrality. After the war she made many training cruises before retiring in 1972.

Gallery

See also 
 List of cruisers
 List of ships of the Argentine Navy

References

 M.J. Whitley, Cruisers of World War Two, 1995, Arms and Armour Press

Further reading 
 Burzaco, Ricardo. Acorazados y Cruceros De La Armada Argentina. Eugenio B, Buenos Aires, 1997.  (in Spanish)
 Arguindeguy, Pablo. Apuntes sobre los buques de la Armada Argentina (1810–1970). Comando en Jefe de la Armada, Buenos aires, 1972. ISBN n/d  (in Spanish)

Cruisers of the Argentine Navy
Cruisers of the United Kingdom
Ships built in Barrow-in-Furness
1937 ships
World War II cruisers of Argentina
Upjohn dihydroxylation. The Upjohn dihydroxylation is an organic reaction which converts an alkene to a cis vicinal diol.  It was developed by V. VanRheenen, R. C. Kelly and D. Y. Cha of the Upjohn Company in 1976. It is a catalytic system  using N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMO) as stoichiometric re-oxidant for the osmium tetroxide.  It is superior to previous catalytic methods. 

Prior to this method, use of stoichiometric amounts of the toxic and expensive reagent osmium tetroxide was often necessary.  The Upjohn dihydroxylation is still often used for the formation of cis-vicinal diols; however, it can be slow and is prone to ketone byproduct formation.  One of the peculiarities of the dihydroxylation of olefins is that the standard "racemic" method (the Upjohn dihydroxylation) is slower and often lower yielding than the asymmetric method (the Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation).

Improvements to Upjohn dihydroxylation 
In response to these problems, Stuart Warren and co-workers employed similar reaction conditions to the Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation, but replacing the chiral ligands with the achiral quinuclidine to give a racemic reaction product (assuming an achiral starting material is employed).  This approach takes advantage of the fact that when using the Sharpless alkaloid ligands, the dihydroxylation of alkenes is faster and higher yielding than in their absence. This phenomenon became known as "ligand accelerated catalysis", a term coined by Barry Sharpless during the development of his asymmetric protocol.

See also 
 Milas hydroxylation
 Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation

References

Organic oxidation reactions
Name reactions
LIESST. In chemistry and physics, LIESST (Light-Induced Excited Spin-State Trapping) is a method of changing the electronic spin state of a compound by means of irradiation with light.

Many transition metal complexes with electronic configuration d4-d7 are capable of spin crossover (and d8 when molecular symmetry is lower than Oh). Spin crossover refers to where a transition from the high spin (HS) state to the low spin (LS) state or vice versa occurs. Alternatives to LIESST include using thermal changes and pressure to induce spin crossover. The metal most commonly exhibiting spin crossover is iron, with the first known example, an iron(III) tris(dithiocarbamato) complex, reported by Cambi  et al. in 1931.

For iron complexes, LIESST involves excitation of the low spin complex with green light to a triplet state. Two successive steps of intersystem crossing result in the high spin complex. Movement from the high spin complex to the low spin complex requires excitation with red light.

References 

Laboratory techniques
Coordination chemistry
Tantalum hafnium carbide. Tantalum hafnium carbide is a refractory chemical compound with a general formula , which can be considered as a solid solution of tantalum carbide and hafnium carbide. It was originally thought to have the highest melting of any known substance but new research has proven that hafnium carbonitride has a higher melting point.

Properties 
Individually, the tantalum and hafnium carbides have the highest melting points among the binary compounds,  and , respectively, and their "alloy" with a composition Ta4HfC5 has a melting point of .

Very few measurements of melting point in tantalum hafnium carbide have been reported, because of the obvious experimental difficulties at extreme temperatures. A 1965 study of the TaC-HfC solid solutions at temperatures 2,225–2,275 °C found a minimum in the vaporization rate and thus maximum in the thermal stability for Ta4HfC5. This rate was comparable to that of tungsten and was weakly dependent on the initial density of the samples, which were sintered from TaC-HfC powder mixtures, also at 2,225–2,275 °C. In a separate study, Ta4HfC5 was found to have the minimum oxidation rate among the TaC-HfC solid solutions. Ta4HfC5 was manufactured by Goodfellow company as a 45 μm powder at a price of $9,540/kg (99.0% purity).

In 2015, atomistic simulations predicted that hafnium carbonitride could have a melting point exceeding Ta4Hf1C5 by 200 K. This was later verified by experimental evidence in 2020.

Structure 
Individual tantalum and hafnium carbides have a rocksalt cubic lattice structure. They are usually carbon deficient and have nominal formulas TaCx and HfCx, with x = 0.7–1.0 for Ta and x = 0.56–1.0 for Hf. The same structure is also observed for at least some of their solid solutions. The density calculated from X-ray diffraction data is 13.6 g/cm3 for Ta0.5Hf0.5C. Hexagonal NiAs-type structure (space group P63/mmc, No. 194, Pearson symbol hP4) with a density of 14.76 g/cm3 was reported for Ta0.9Hf0.1C0.5.

See also
 Tantalum carbide
 Hafnium carbide
 Hafnium carbonitride

References 

Refractory materials
Carbides
Tantalum compounds
Hafnium compounds
Scout (operating system). Scout is a research operating system developed at the University of Arizona.  It is communication-oriented and designed around the constraints of network-connected devices like set-top boxes.

The Scout researchers had in mind a class of devices that they called "network appliances", which include cameras and disks attached to a network.  They believed that these devices have in common the following three characteristics:

 Communication-Oriented
 Specialized/Diverse Functionality
 Predictable Performance with Scarce Resources

To satisfy these three requirements, Scout was designed around an abstraction called a "path"; was highly configurable; and offered scheduling and resource allocation policies that provided predictable performance under load.

See also 
Single address space operating system

External links 
Scout Home Page

Embedded operating systems
University of Arizona