omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Linear aeration. Linear aeration is an aeration process that allows water to penetrate the soil and to be retained in the proper amounts. Additionally, it can also add organic nutrition and soil softeners (such as humus, topsoil, compost, sand or clay) if necessary.

Gardens
In the process of linear aeration, organic amendments are applied directly to the soil surface during fallow periods between planting cycles. Subsequently, grooves are mechanically introduced into the soil profile to facilitate the infiltration of these amendments. The grooves are then restored within the same operation, ensuring minimal disturbance to the soil structure and optimizing the integration of organic matter into the root zone.

Lawns
Linear aeration can help to alleviate excessive water in lawn areas. First, necessary organic matter is added on top of the turf, and then grooves are cut into the turf to allow soil additives to penetrate. Finally, the grooves are recovered in the same passage.

Benefits of linear aeration

Gardens
Promotes stronger and deeper root development for plant health and drought tolerance.
Permits proper distribution of soil amendments and additives.
Allows organic nutrition absorption.

Lawns
Alleviates soil compaction in heavily traveled areas.
Can provide smoother lawn surfaces.
Reduces disruption of actual turf surface compared to coring or plugs aeration.
Causes minimal interruption of use of athletic fields.

See also

Soil improvers index

References

Soil
Soil improvers
Horticultural techniques
Lawn care
EXA. In computing, EXA is a graphics acceleration architecture of the X.Org Server (see also X Window System) designed to replace XAA (the XFree86 Acceleration Architecture) and to make the XRender extension more usable, with only minor changes needed to adapt obsolete XFree86 video drivers written to use XAA; it was designed by Zack Rusin and announced at LinuxTag 2005 and first released with X.Org Server version 6.9/7.0.

History
Historically, a distinction has been made between 2D and 3D acceleration. 2D acceleration was provided by the venerable XFree86 Acceleration Architecture, XAA, which made the video card's 2D hardware acceleration available to the X server.

The 3D acceleration set was provided via the Direct Rendering Manager, which worked by mapping 3D rendered pictures on top of the 2D picture. This had some buggy corner cases, but more or less worked, until compositing entered into the desktop. This distinction has become the source of a lot of bugs, and performance problems.

EXA was introduced as a stopgap measure, to provide better integration with XRender than XAA did, improving the X.Org Server 2D performance. In practice, while this proved quite advantageous in some respects, it also exhibited a number of corner cases and regressions.

The solution was to move to hardware acceleration with OpenGL for both 2D and 3D graphics with 2D graphics becoming just a subset of 3D rendering. Switching entirely over is unfortunately not so simple and not without some major obstacles.

EXA was adapted from KAA, the KDrive Acceleration Architecture, from the experimental Freedesktop.org Xserver. Per the initial mailing list announcement, the goals are:

 Properly accelerate XRender
 Be as simple as possible.

Many XAA drivers had EXA support added for X11R6.9/7.0 and support continues to be added to more drivers. Making this transition as easy as possible was an important design consideration.

UXA is a reimplementation of the EXA API developed by Intel, using the Graphics Execution Manager.

The Radeon free and open-source device driver supports 2D acceleration through EXA and Glamor.

Glamor is supposed to obsolete all previous attempts.

Acronym
According to the X.Org web site EXA is an "acceleration architecture with no well-defined acronym." Dot.kde.org called it "Eyecandy Acceleration Architecture". The driver modification guide calls it "EXcellent Architecture or Ex-kaa aXeleration Architecture or whatever."

See also
 Direct Rendering Infrastructure (DRI)
 Mesa 3D
 EGL
 Glamor
 SNA

References

External links
ExaStatus (X.Org)
EXA (Carl Worth's EXA development blog posts)

X-based libraries
Riley & Son. Riley & Son (E) Ltd, is a railway locomotive engineering and refurbishment company. Founded in 1992 as Ian Riley Engineering, the company has been a leader in main line steam haulage, being one of the pioneers of fitting air brake, TPWS and OTMR equipment to steam locomotives. Having originally been based at the East Lancashire Railway in Bury, in 2016 it moved to Heywood.

Spot hire company
In the early 2000s, Ian Riley Engineering operated as a spot-hire company purchasing five Class 37s diesel locomotives (37038, 37197, 37235, 37261 and 37423) from EWS. The first (37197) entered service in a brunswick green and grey livery in November 2001. All were sold in 2003/04 to Direct Rail Services and West Coast Railways.

Notable projects

Flying Scotsman
In January 2006, work began at the National Railway Museum on an overhaul of Flying Scotsman that was expected to take 18-20 months and cost £1.6 million. However costs and timescales grew out of control and there were tensions between the museum and its contractors. In 2013 Riley & Son were awarded a contract to see the project to completion. The work was finished in 2016. Riley & Son managed the locomotive's operations for two years after the restoration.

Lady of Legend
In 2006, the company worked on the rebuilding of GWR 4900 Class locomotive 4942 Maindy Hall to 2999 Lady of Legend.

References

External links
Company website

Companies based in Greater Manchester
Railway companies established in 1992
1992 establishments in England
British companies established in 1992
AA1. Aa-1 or AA1 may refer to:

 , a United States Navy submarine also known as USS AA-1
 K-5 (missile), an early Soviet air-to-air missile, NATO reporting name AA-1 'Alkali'
 Grumman American AA-1, a light aircraft
 PRR AA1, a Pennsylvania Railroad electric locomotive
 Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney, a video game
 Acer Aspire One, a netbook computer
 American Airlines Flight 1 (disambiguation), various flights
 Aa1 is the second highest credit rating given by Moody's Investors Service
 Bavarian AA I, a steam locomotive
 1997 AA1, the alternate name for 8735 Yoshiosakai, an outer main-belt asteroid
 Gardiner's designated symbol for the hieroglyph that represents a sieve or placenta: Aa1
AA2. AA2 or AA-2 may refer to:

 Vympel K-13 missile, known as the AA-2 Atoll in NATO terminology
 USS T-2 (SS-60/SF-2), an AA-1-class submarine in the service of the United States Navy, was first known as USS AA-2
 American Aviation AA-2 Patriot, a light aircraft
 Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney − Justice for All, the second video game of the series
 America's Army 2, the second video game of the series
 AA2 is Gardiner's designated symbol for the hieroglyph that represents a pustule Aa2
 Aa2 is the third highest credit rating given by Moody's Investors Service
 Ascent Abort-2, a 2019 flight test of the launch abort system of NASA's Orion spacecraft
AA5. The term AA-5 or AA5 may refer to:

 AA-5 Ash, NATO reporting name for the Bisnovat R-4 a Soviet long-range air-to-air missile
 Grumman American AA-5, an American light aircraft
 All American Five, a basic design for a mass-produced superheterodyne radio using five tubes
 Gardiner's designated symbol for the hieroglyph for a part of steering gear of a ship
Tomorrow Square. Tomorrow Square () is the eighth-tallest building in Shanghai, China. It is located in Huangpu District, Puxi, close to People's Square. It is about 285 m (934 ft) tall and has 63 floors.

This multi-purpose building contains a 342-room JW Marriott hotel, and 255 executive apartment units. It was completed on 1 October 2003. Starting from a square base, the all-concrete Tomorrow Square tower transforms itself into a diagonal square as it rises to a peak. Engineers of the exterior vertical support system were faced with a unique challenge as a result of this unusual shape. They chose flat slabs for the hotel floors and beam and slab construction for the office floors. A combination of shear walls and frame action stabilizes the slender tower laterally against wind and earthquake forces. The foundations are -long bored piles supporting a column mat.

See also

 List of tallest buildings in Shanghai

External links
 JW Marriott Hotel Shanghai
 Marriott Executive Apartments
 
 
 

Residential buildings completed in 2003
Skyscrapers in Shanghai
John C. Portman Jr. buildings
Residential skyscrapers in China
Skyscraper office buildings in Shanghai
Skyscraper hotels in Shanghai
Huangpu District, Shanghai
JW Marriott Hotels
2003 establishments in Shanghai
Thermolabile. Thermolabile refers to a substance which is subject to, decomposition, or change in response to heat. This term is often used
describe biochemical substances.

For example, many bacterial exotoxins are thermolabile and can be easily inactivated by the application of moderate heat. 
Enzymes are also thermolabile and lose their activity when the temperature rises.
Loss of activity in such toxins and enzymes is likely due to change in the three-dimensional structure of the toxin protein during exposure to heat.
In pharmaceutical compounds, heat generated during grinding may lead to degradation of thermolabile compounds.

This is of particular use in testing gene function. This is done by intentionally creating mutants which are thermolabile. Growth below the permissive temperature allows normal protein function, while increasing the temperature above the permissive temperature ablates activity, likely by denaturing the protein.

Thermolabile enzymes are also studied for their applications in DNA replication techniques, such as PCR, where thermostable enzymes are necessary for proper DNA replication. Enzyme function at higher temperatures may be enhanced with trehalose, which opens up the possibility of using normally thermolabile enzymes in DNA replication.

See also
Thermostable
Thermolabile protecting groups

References

External links

Biological concepts
List of garden features. Garden features are physical elements, both natural and manmade, used in garden design.

Artificial waterfall
Avenue
Aviary
Bog garden
Borrowed scenery 
Bosquet
Broderie
Belvedere
Chashitsu (tea house)
Chōzubachi (basin)
Deck
Dirty kitchen
Exedra
Fish pond
Folly
Footbridge
Fountain
Garden pond
Garden railway
Garden room
Gazebo
Gloriette
Greenhouse
Green wall
Grotto
Shell grotto
Ha-ha 
Hedge
Hedge maze
Herbaceous border
Herb garden
Jeux d'eau
Kitchen garden
Knot garden
Koi pond
Lawn
Tapestry lawn
Moss lawn
Monopteros
Moon bridge
Moon gate
Mound
Nine-turn bridge
Nymphaeum
Orangery
Pagoda
Parterre
Patio
Pavilion
Pergola
Reflecting pool
Rockery
Scandinavian grillhouse
Scholar's rock
Stepping stones
Stumpery
Sylvan theater
Summerhouse
Terrace
Topiary
Tōrō (lantern)
Trellis
Turf maze
Water feature
Water garden
Woodland garden
Zig-zag bridge

Gallery

See also
 Eyecatchers
 Garden ornament
 Lawn ornament
 :Category:Types of garden
 :Category:Garden ornaments

 
Garden features
Garden features
Gardening aids
Print server. In computer networking, a print server, or printer server, is a type of server that connects printers to client computers over a network. It accepts print jobs from the computers and sends the jobs to the appropriate printers, queuing the jobs locally to accommodate the fact that work may arrive more quickly than the printer can actually handle. Ancillary functions include the ability to inspect the queue of jobs to be processed, the ability to reorder or delete waiting print jobs, or the ability to do various kinds of accounting (such as counting pages, which may involve reading data generated by the printer(s)). Print servers may be used to enforce administration policies, such as color printing quotas, user/department authentication, or watermarking printed documents.

Print servers may support a variety of industry-standard or proprietary printing protocols including Internet Printing Protocol, Line Printer Daemon protocol, NetWare, NetBIOS/NetBEUI, or JetDirect.

A print server may be a networked computer with one or more shared printers. Alternatively, a print server may be a dedicated device on the network, with connections to the LAN and one or more printers. Dedicated server appliances tend to be fairly simple in both configuration and features.  Print server functionality may be integrated with other devices such as a wireless router, a firewall, or both. A printer may have a built-in print server.

All printers with the right type of connector are compatible with all print servers; manufacturers of servers make available lists of compatible printers because a server may not implement all the communications functionality of a printer (e.g. low ink signal).

See also

 Internet Printing Protocol
 CUPS

References 

Networking hardware
Computer printing
Servers (computing)
Fokker M.5. The Fokker M.5 was an unarmed single-seat monoplane aircraft designed and built by Anthony Fokker in 1913. It served as a light reconnaissance aircraft with the German army at the outbreak of World War I and was the basis for the first successful fighter aircraft in German service, the Fokker E.I.

Design
Fokker's design for the M.5 was very closely based on that of the French Morane-Saulnier H shoulder-wing monoplane although the fuselage had a welded steel tube frame in place of the wooden structure of the Type H.

The power-plant was a  Oberursel U.0 7-cylinder rotary engine (Gnome Lambda licence-built by Motorenfabrik Oberursel). As in the Morane original, the tail and elevators were all-moving, having no fixed sections. There were two versions of the M.5: the long-span 'M.5L' and the short-span 'M.5K' ("K" for kurz meaning "short" in German). The M.5 was light, strong and manoeuvrable, capable of aerobatics (although, like all aircraft relying on the early style of Morane balanced elevators, it had very sensitive pitch control). Fokker himself flew the M.5 at Johannisthal in May and June 1914, winning a number of awards.

German army adoption
The German army adopted the militarised long-span M.5L, manufactured by Halberstadt, designated the 'A.II'. A two-seat version, known as the 'M.8' also entered service as the 'A.I' which was built by Fokker. These aircraft were used on the Western and Eastern Fronts in the early stages of the war. In early 1915, 10 M.5Ks were ordered, designated the 'A.III', but before delivery five were modified, being equipped with a single 7.92 mm (.312 in) Parabellum MG14 machine gun, becoming the five Fokker 'M.5K/MG' production prototypes of the Fokker E.I.

Variants
M.5K (K- Kurz – short) Short span version, retrospectively designated Fokker A.III after entering service with the Imperial German Army as scouting aircraft.
M.5L (L – Lange – long) Long span version, retrospectively designated Fokker A.I after entering service with the Imperial German Army as scouting aircraft.
M.5K/MG Five M.5K aircraft armed with a single  Parabellum MG14 machine gun as the production prototypes of the Fokker E.I
M.6 A tandem two-seat version of the M.5. The sole aircraft was destroyed during testing in a forced landing after pilot-induced engine failure.
M.7Based closely on the M.5, the M.7 had sesquiplane wings. Twenty M.7s were produced for the Imperial German Navy.
M.8 Production side-by-side two-seater scout entering service as the Fokker A.II.
Fokker A.I Service designation of the M.5L
Fokker A.II Service designation of the M.8
Fokker A.III Service designation of the M.5K
Fokker E.IThe armed production aircraft in service with the Imperial German Army, popularly known as the Fokker Eindekker, responsible for the Fokker Scourge.
W.3 / W.4 An M.7 fitted with floats.

Operators
 
Austro-Hungarian Imperial and Royal Aviation Troops
Austro-Hungarian Navy
 
Luftstreitkräfte

Specifications (M.5K)

See also

References

Bibliography

M.5
1910s German military reconnaissance aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1913
Shoulder-wing aircraft
Rotary-engined aircraft
On–off keying. On–off keying (OOK) denotes the simplest form of amplitude-shift keying (ASK) modulation that represents digital data as the presence or absence of a carrier wave. In its simplest form, the presence of a carrier for a specific duration represents a binary one, while its absence for the same duration represents a binary zero. Some more sophisticated schemes vary these durations to convey additional information. It is analogous to unipolar encoding line code.

On–off keying is most commonly used to transmit Morse code over radio frequencies (referred to as CW (continuous wave) operation), although in principle any digital encoding scheme may be used.  OOK has been used in the ISM bands to transfer data between computers, for example.

OOK is more spectrally efficient than frequency-shift keying, but more sensitive to noise when using a regenerative receiver or a poorly implemented superheterodyne receiver.
For a given data rate, the bandwidth of a BPSK (Binary Phase Shift keying) signal and the bandwidth of OOK signal are equal.

In addition to RF carrier waves, OOK is also used in optical communication systems (e.g. IrDA and fiber-optic communication).

In aviation, some possibly unmanned airports have equipment that let pilots key their VHF radio a number of times in order to request an Automatic Terminal Information Service broadcast, or turn on runway lights.

OOK is also used in remote garage and gate keys, often operating at 433.92 MHz, in combination with rolling codes.

References

External links

Quantized radio modulation modes
Fiber-optic communications
Amateur radio
Transport Driver Interface. The Transport Driver Interface or TDI is the protocol understood by the upper edge of the Transport layer of the Microsoft Windows kernel network stack.

Transport Providers are implementations of network protocols such as TCP/IP, NetBIOS, and AppleTalk.

When user-mode binaries are created by compiling and linking, an entity called a TDI client is linked into the binary.  TDI clients are provided with the compiler.  The user-mode binary uses the user-mode API of whatever network protocol is being used, which in turn causes the TDI client to emit TDI commands into the Transport Provider.

Typical TDI commands are TDI_SEND, TDI_CONNECT, TDI_RECEIVE.

The purpose of the Transport Driver Interface is to provide an abstraction layer, permitting simplification of the TDI clients.

See also 
 Windows Vista networking technologies

References 
 Windows XP Driver Development Kit documentation.

Further reading 

 
 
 
 
 

Network protocols
Windows communication and services
Mercerisation. Mercerisation is a textile finishing treatment for cellulose fabric and yarn, mainly cotton and flax, which improves dye uptake and tear strength, reduces fabric shrinkage, and imparts a silk-like luster.

Development 
The process was devised in 1844 by John Mercer, who treated cotton with solutions of20–30% sodium hydroxide followed by washing. Mercer observed that the treatment shrank the fabric and increased its tensile strength and affinity for dyes. In the original process of Mercer, no tension was applied. The product was termed fulled cotton, a nod to the process of fulling in woven wool fabric. Mercer regarded the increased affinity for dyes as the most important technical aspect. Mercer also experimented with sulfuric acid and zinc chloride solutions and discovered the parchmentising effect of sulfuric acid.

The silk-like lustre now commonly associated with mercerising is produced by tension and was discovered by Horace Lowe in 1889.

Process 
Treatment with sodium hydroxide destroys the spiral form of the cellulose with formation of alkali cellulose, which is changed to cellulose hydrate on washing out the alkali. Caustic soda concentrations of 20–26% are used. Effective mercerization requires the use of wetting agents.

The improved lustre of mercerised cotton is due to the production of nearly circular cotton fibres under tension. Another characteristic feature is the untwisting (deconvolution) of the cotton hair.

In dry mercerization, the process is carried out while drying the fabric on a stenter.

References

External links 

Fibers
Cotton
Textile treatments
1844 introductions
Flight 63. Flight 63 may refer to:

 American Airlines flight 63, the Richard Reid 2001 failed shoe bomb attempt 
 American Airlines Flight 63 (Flagship Missouri), a DC-3 that crashed outside of Centerville, Tennessee on October 15, 1943
 American Airlines Flight 63 (Flagship Ohio), a DC-3 that crashed outside of Trammel, Kentucky on July 28, 1943
 Toa Domestic Airlines Flight 63 (1971) 
 STS-63 (1995) U.S. Space Shuttle mission to the Mir space station

See also
 American Airlines Flight 63 (disambiguation)

0063
Scan line. A scan line (also scanline) is one line, or row, in a raster scanning pattern, such as a line of video on a cathode-ray tube (CRT) display of a television set or computer monitor.

On CRT screens the horizontal scan lines are visually discernible, even when viewed from a distance, as alternating colored lines and black lines, especially when a progressive scan signal with below maximum vertical resolution is displayed. This is sometimes used today as a visual effect in computer graphics.

The term is used, by analogy, for a single row of pixels in a raster graphics image.
Scan lines are important in representations of image data, because many image file formats have special rules for data at the end of a scan line. For example, there may be a rule that each scan line starts on a particular boundary (such as a byte or word; see for example BMP file format). This means that even otherwise compatible raster data may need to be analyzed at the level of scan lines in order to convert between formats.

See also
Flicker (screen)
Interlaced video
Scanline rendering
Stroboscopic effect

References 

Computer graphics
Image processing
Display technology
Video signal
Television technology
Television terminology