omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Baseband processor. A baseband processor (also known as baseband radio processor, BP, or BBP) is a device (a chip or part of a chip) in a network interface controller that manages all the radio functions (all functions that require an antenna); however, this term is generally not used in reference to Wi-Fi and Bluetooth radios.  A baseband processor typically uses its own RAM and firmware. Baseband processors are typically fabricated using CMOS (complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor) or RF CMOS technology, and are widely used in radio-frequency (RF) and wireless communications.

Overview 
Baseband processors typically run a real-time operating system (RTOS) as their firmware, such as ENEA's OSE, Nucleus RTOS (iPhone 3G/3GS/iPad), ThreadX (iPhone 4), and VRTX.  There are more than a few significant manufacturers of baseband processors, including Broadcom, Icera, Intel Mobile Communications (former Infineon wireless division), MediaTek, Qualcomm,  Spreadtrum, and ST-Ericsson.

The rationale of separating the baseband processor from the main processor (known as the application processor or AP or) is threefold:

 Radio performance
 Radio control functions (signal modulation, encoding, radio frequency shifting, etc.) are highly timing-dependent, and require a real-time operating system.
 Radio reliability
 Separating the BP into a different component ensures proper radio operation while allowing application and OS changes.
 Legal
 Some authorities (e.g. the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC)) require that the entire software stack running on a device which communicates with the mobile telephony network must be certified. Separating the BP into a different component allows reusing a stack without having to recertify the full AP.

Security concerns 

Since the software which runs on baseband processors is usually proprietary, it is impossible to perform an independent code audit. By reverse engineering some of the baseband chips, researchers have found security vulnerabilities that could be used to access and modify data on the phone remotely. In March 2014, makers of the free Android derivative Replicant announced they had found a backdoor in the baseband software of Samsung Galaxy phones that allows remote access to the user data stored on the phone.

See also
 OsmocomBB - free software for baseband processors

References

Further reading 
 Baseband Processor entry at openezx.org, archived from the original on May 5, 2013
 Babin, Steve. Developing software for Symbian OS: A beginner's guide to creating Symbian OS v9 smartphone applications in C++. Symbian Press, 2007, p. 80.

Antennas (radio)
Embedded microprocessors
Radio electronics
Cessna CR-1. The Cessna CR-1 was a short-lived air racer that was part of the CR series of Cessna racers.

Design and development
The Cessna CR-1 was built using $1200 in winnings from the Cessna GC-1.

The aircraft was a mid-wing open cockpit taildragger using a fabric covered wooden wing structure. The landing gear was manually retractable into the fuselage.

Operational history
The aircraft was tested by Eldon Cessna. The one and only flight required a 100 mph launch speed, and 130 mph approach speed to keep the aircraft controllable.

Variants
After the sole test flight, the CR-1 was grounded and redesigned as the Cessna CR-2.

Specifications (Cessna CR-1)

See also

References

Racing aircraft
CR-01
1930s United States sport aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Mid-wing aircraft
Aircraft with retractable conventional landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
Utkalmani Gopabandhu Institute of Engineering. Utkalmani Gopabandhu Institute of Engineering (UGIE) is a State Governmental Diploma Engineering  Institution in the western Zone of Odisha, which was established in 1962 under the Directorate of Technical Education and Training, Odisha also known as DTET.

The Institute is  affiliated with the All India Council of Technical Education, New Delhi and State Council for Technical Education & Vocational Training recognized under the state government of Odisha.

m Bhubaneswar by road.

Courses offered 

The Institute offers a 3-year Diploma in Engineering in the branches as below.
Mechanical Engineering 
Civil Engineering
Chemical Engineering
Ceramic Technology
Electrical Engineering 
Metallurgical Engineering
Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering

Annual intake

Gallery

References

External links

State Council for Technical Education & Vocational Training
All India Council for Technical Education
Engineering colleges in Odisha
Universities and colleges in Rourkela
Universities and colleges established in 1962
1962 establishments in Orissa
E-Biz Integrator. Skyricher

e-Biz Integrator is a middleware software package for  enterprise application integration, that first became available in 1999. It links applications with servers and includes features for routing data, messaging transport, and a formatting module for data transformation. It was developed by NEON (New Era of Networks) Inc. for large scale Windows NT, Windows 2000 and UNIX-based enterprises, then NEON was acquired by Sybase in 2001 for US$370 million. In 2002, Forrester Research gave e-Biz Integrator a poor rating for complex integration projects because of the lack of core security features and mature tools for processing.  Sybase stopped offering this product in 2004.

References

Enterprise application integration
List of Citroën vehicles. The French automobile company Citroën, under Stellantis (formerly FCA and PSA Group) and their successors, have produced numerous cars, listed here ordered by year of introduction.

Current models

Former models

Alternative fueled
Citroën Alternative propulsion includes the following:

Biofuels
Biofuel Citroëns include the Citroën C4 BioFlex (bioethanol flexible fuel vehicle).

Electric and hybrid vehicles
In the earlier years, electric cars were produced, e.g. the AX electrique, Saxo electrique etc. but in smaller series.

In the hybrid electric vehicle strategy there are four concept cars HYmotion at the Paris Motor Show 2008: Hypnos, illustrating the latest breakthroughs in this field with the hybrid technology HYmotion4; the C4 HYmotion2 and C-Cactus ( diesel-electric hybrid), reflecting Citroën's plans to integrate this promising solution in affordable mass-market vehicles; and the C4 WRC HYmotion4, extending ecological principles to sports cars.

Citroën showed the plug-in hybrid  REVOLTe at the 2009 Frankfurt Motorshow.

Concept cars

Citroën has produced numerous concept cars over the decades, previewing future design trends or technologies. Notable concepts include the Citroën Karin (1980), Citroën Activa (1988), Citroën C-Métisse (2006), GT by Citroën (2008) and Citroën Survolt (2010).

4x4 Conversions

Dangel, a French specialist automobile company based in Sentheim, Alsace, has produced 4x4 versions of Citroën and Peugeot vehicles since 1980. Its first conversion was the Peugeot 504. Dangel currently produces 4x4 conversions of the Citroën Berlingo, the Citroën Jumper and the Citroën Jumpy.

Aircraft
In the early 1970s Citroën investigated the possibility of producing helicopters with the Wankel engines manufactured by its subsidiary Comotor.
 RE2 Helicopter (flight-tested only)
 Citroën GS BiRotor (flight-tested only)

References

 
Citroën
Cit
Industrial Academy (Moscow). The Industrial Academy () was an educational institution operating in Moscow from 1925 to 1941; it also had branches in Leningrad (from 1929) and Sverdlovsk (from 1931).

The Industrial Academy was intended as the next step after attending a Rabfak and was intended to "provide its students with a grounding in general economic management, as well as a technical specialization" - "a school for managers and directors." The first students graduated in 1930. Many of the Soviet nomenklatura of the Stalin era graduated from the Academy in the 1930s. Although it was officially considered an institution of higher education, the Industrial Academy actually provided a secondary school education, as well as technical knowledge required for work in industry. Over the years, the Industrial Academy was given the names of Lazar Kaganovich, Vyacheslav Molotov, and finally Joseph Stalin. In July 1941, by a decision of the State Defense Committee, the Academy of Industry was disbanded.

References

Notable teachers 
Yakov Chernikhov

Notable alumni 
Nadezhda Alliluyeva
Semyon Ignatyev
Alexey Stakhanov

Nikita Khrushchev attended but did not graduate. He later became the party secretary of the academy before becoming the Party leader for the Bauman district, site of the Academy.

See also 
 Education in Russia
 Rabfak

1925 establishments in Russia
Educational institutions established in 1925
Vocational education in the Soviet Union
Universities and institutes established in the Soviet Union
Universities and colleges in Moscow
Engineering universities and colleges in Russia
Science and technology in Russia
1941 disestablishments in the Soviet Union
Educational institutions disestablished in 1941
Dropship (software). Dropship was a set of API utilities for use with Dropbox accounts.  The utilities used Dropbox's de-duplication facilities to allow files, identified by their Dropbox hashes, to be copied from Dropbox's servers.

According to the GitHub project, dropship is no longer functional due to the backend changes Dropbox made to their service.

Controversy
Dropship was the target of legal maneuvering by Dropbox that attempted to shut down the project and remove it from the Internet.  The mechanism of Dropbox's attempt to shut down the Dropship project generated both online discussion and negative press for the company.

See also
Dropbox

References

Unix network-related software
Cross-platform software
Raking light. Raking light, the illumination of objects from a light source at an oblique angle or almost parallel to the surface, provides information on the surface topography and relief of the artefact thus lit. It is widely used in the examination of works of art.

Examination of paintings
Using raking light, the effects of impasto and the surface texture of a painting are accentuated by the increased illumination of surfaces facing the light source and the exaggeration of shadows on surfaces facing away from the light source. In some instances, raking light may help reveal pentimenti (changes in an artist's intention). In the case of wall paintings, raking light helps show preparatory techniques such as incisions in the plaster support.

Conservation
Conservators examine objects under raking light during a visual inspection and for condition recording. In the examination of easel paintings, raking light may help document craquelure, paint cupping, uneven tension in a canvas, or warp in a panel. In the examination of wall paintings, raking light can help document surface deterioration phenomena such as the efflorescence of salts and micro-delamination, and may be used for monitoring the effects of conservation interventions.

See also
Conservation-restoration

References

Imaging
3D imaging
Painting
Conservation and restoration of cultural heritage
ESP-r. ESP-r is a research-oriented open-source building performance simulation software.    ESP-r can model heat flow in thermal zones, fluid flow using networks or CFD, electrical power flow, moisture flow, contaminant flow, hygrothermal and fluid flow in HVAC systems, as well as visual and acoustic performance aspects within a modeled energy system/building.

ESP-r has been under development for the last 50 years, with contributions by researchers from several countries.  ESP-r source-code was published in 2002, subject to the GNU General Public License. The current version (V13.3.17) was released in March 2024. Professor Joseph Clarke, of the University of Strathclyde, is the project archivist.

ESP-r is designed to work on Linux, but it can run on Windows using Windows Subsystem for Linux (or in any other operational system using a virtual machine). 

ESP-r`s holistic nature, flexibility, and range of features enable a well-informed user to optimize the energy and environmental performance of a building and/or associated energy systems. The user experience provided by ESP-r, however, cannot be compared to the one provided by commercial software. ESP-r learning curve is steep, but there is a growing amount of training material available online. 

ESP-r has been extensively validated.  Among other projects, ESP-r was part of BESTEST, an IEA initiative that created a benchmark for quality assessment of energy simulation software. This benchmark was later incorporated on ASHRAE Standard 140 - Method of Test for Evaluating Building Performance Simulation Software.

References

Computational science
Energy models
Free and open-source software
Free simulation software
Mathematical modeling
Mathematical optimization
TimeTiger. TimeTiger is a time and project tracking app developed by Indigo Technologies Ltd. in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Indigo was founded in 1997 and initially released TimeTiger in 1998.

Company 

The company was incorporated in 1997 and began operations as a custom software developer. TimeTiger (internally called TaskMaster) was developed as a tool to help with Indigo's own project planning and estimating. After releasing TimeTiger as a commercial product in 1998, Indigo shifted its focus to time and project management solutions. TimeTiger first introduced support for web-based time logging in 2000, to appeal to workers who were not already tracking their time for billing reasons. Subsequent development emphasized project analysis tools.

Features 

 Web-based electronic time log
 "To Do" list to monitor project and non-project activities
 Pivot table report designer
 Role-based access control

Software integration 

Reports can be exported to Microsoft Excel or saved as Excel-compatible HTML files. Microsoft Project files can be imported and exported. A Software Development Kit is available.

See also 
Comparison of time tracking software
Productivity

References

External links 

Time-tracking software
Web applications
Proprietary software
Dell K. Allen. Dell K. Allen (born 1931) is an American engineer, and Professor Emeritus of manufacturing engineering at Brigham Young University (BYU).  The Society of Manufacturing Engineers named their Outstanding Young Manufacturing Engineer Award after him.

Allen received his B.S. in 1954 from the Utah State University and his M.S. in 1966 from Brigham Young University. His later work was more focused on information storage and information retrieval while his early work had been focused on metallurgy and manufacturing technology.  After retiring as a professor at BYU, Allen taught at Utah State University.

Allen was elected as a member into the National Academy of Engineering in 1984 for innovative classification and coding systems used in computer-aided manufacturing and persevering efforts to improve curricula for industrial and manufacturing engineers.

Publications 
Books, a selection:
 1969. Metallurgy Theory and Practice. Chicago, American Technical Society
 1994. Fundamental principles of manufacturing processes. With Robert H. Todd and Leo Alting.
 1994. Manufacturing Processes Reference Guide with Robert H. Todd

References 

1931 births
Living people
Brigham Young University alumni
Brigham Young University faculty
Utah State University faculty
21st-century American engineers
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Place of birth missing (living people)
P-CAD. P-CAD was the brand name of Personal CAD Systems, Inc., a California-based manufacturer of electronic design automation (EDA) software. It manufactured a CAD software available for personal computers. The company was divested into ACCEL Technologies, which was purchased by Altium in 2000. The last release of the software was in 2006, before it was retired in favor of the Altium Designer product.

History
Personal CAD Systems was founded in 1982 by Richard Nedbal and Roy Prasad. Both were former executives of American Microsystems, Inc. (AMI), a custom semiconductor company based in Santa Clara, California. Also, part of the founding team were Gregory Houston, VP marketing, a former Calma executive, and Chi-Song Horng, director of software engineering (later promoted as a vice president), a former AMI software engineering manager.

P-CAD was a play on personal computers, which were just becoming popular, following the launch of the IBM PC. The vision of the company was to disrupt the existing hegemony of $250,000 CAD systems based on mainframe computers and custom workstations, and make electronic CAD available to the masses at a cost under $10,000. The company originally raised US$500,000 from CrossPoint Venture Partners and US$3,000,000 in a second round from New Enterprise Associates and Robertson, Coleman and Stephens.

P-CAD went on to become the company with the biggest installed base of users of EDA, with over 10,000 users by 1988. At that time, P-CAD was the most prolific EDA company as measured by its user base, easily surpassing established CAD companies such as Autotrol, Calma, Intergraph, Daisy, Mentor, Cadnetix, CAE Systems, ECAD, SDA Systems, etc. At that time, Cadence was just being formed with the merger of ECAD and SGA, and Synopsys was being founded as a new start up.

P-CAD's flagship products included schematic capture, logic simulation and PCB layout. Its single biggest customer was Texas Instruments. In 1989, P-CAD was acquired by Cadam, which was a subsidiary of Lockheed, but was in the process of being sold to IBM. At the time of acquisition, P-CAD had an installed base of over 100,000 end users, a record at that time. A few years later, the P-CAD group was divested by selling to ACCEL Technologies, an EDA software corporation from San Diego, California, which was acquired by Protel International Pty Ltd (now Altium) in 2000. The P-CAD product included schematic capture, component library management, PCB layout and routing, parametric constraint solver and auto-routing capability.
 
The last version of P-CAD was P-CAD 2006 with Service Pack 2, released in 2006. This was the last release made by Altium, who retired the product in favor of Altium Designer.

See also
P-CAD Interface for SPECCTRA

References

External links 
 P-CAD Legacy Program

Electronic design automation software
Defunct software companies of the United States
DRDO/IAI Pawan. The Pawan is a joint venture unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) project being developed by India's ADE, a division of DRDO and the Israel Aircraft Industries, for the Indian Armed Forces which began in 2006. The Pawan will be comparable in size and capabilities to Israel's Elbit Hermes 180, EyeView and Silver Arrow drones. The 120-kilogram Pawan will have day-and-night surveillance capability, an endurance of five hours and a range of 150 kilometers.

ADE plans to build four Pawan prototypes under this development program, with Israel Aircraft Industries electro-optical sensors for the payload and its own stabilizer platform. The engine will be purchased from outside India.

Development costs of the short-range, vehicle-mounted Pawan is expected to be $33.2 million (U.S. dollars). with each nation contributing half of that sum. When the drone's development is finished, manufacture will take place in both India and Israel. The UAV will be able to carry one Sudarshan laser-guided bomb, two Astra BVR missiles, two Rudram SAAW weapons and even a light gun along with flares/chaff. Additionally, the UAV will be equipped to perform electronic countermeasures and electronic counter countermeasures, serve as a miniature AWAC, and even jam the incoming drone swarms of the enemies.

As of 2022 not much is known about its current status, it appears that the project has been shelved.

See also
 DRDO Nishant
 DRDO Rustom
 DRDO Kapothaka
 DRDO Fluffy
 DRDO Ulka
 DRDO AURA

References

Unmanned military aircraft of India
Israel Aerospace Industries unmanned aerial vehicles
IEEE Sensors Council Meritorious Service Award. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE Sensors Council John Vig Meritorious Service Award recognizes outstanding long-term service with dedication, effort and contribution to the IEEE Sensor Council.

Recipients
2023: Andrei M. Shkel 
2020: Srinivas Tadigadapa
2019
2018: Yu-Cheng Lin
2017: Anil K. Roy
2016: {Award not given}
2015: Vladimir J. Lumelsky
2014: Ignacio R. Matias
2013: Christina M. Schober
2012: Lina Sarro
2011: Tom Wiener
2010: Michiel Vellekoop
2009: None
2008: Bob Bannon
2007: John Vig

References

IEEE society and council awards
Global Observing Systems Information Center. Global Observing Systems Information Center (GOSIC) is a programme for observations, modelling, and analysis of terrestrial ecosystems to support sustainable development. It is based in Rome, Italy - and is supported by NOAA, NCDC, and the US GCOS  Program.

It is also a co-ordinator of GOOS and GTOS

Notes

External links
 GCOS home page. 

Global Observing System Information Center
Operational maintenance. Operational maintenance is the care and minor maintenance of equipment using procedures that do not require detailed technical knowledge of the equipment’s or system’s function and design. This category of operational maintenance normally consists of inspecting, cleaning, servicing, preserving, lubricating, and adjusting, as required. Such maintenance may also include minor parts replacement that does not require the person performing the work to have highly technical skills or to perform internal alignment.

As the term implies, operational maintenance, is performed by the operator of the equipment. Its purpose is threefold: (1) to make the operator aware of the state of readiness of the equipment; (2) to reduce the delays that would occur if a qualified technician had to be called every time a simple adjustment were needed; and (3) to release  technicians  for  more  complicated  work

This form of preventative maintenance can be performed in any setting where machines, equipment, or vehicles are used. This may include manufacturing plants and factories, as well as automotive shops. In many commercial buildings, heating and cooling engineers perform operational maintenance tasks on furnaces, boilers, and air conditioners.

Some operational maintenance responsibilities can be as simple as inspecting the machine to spot any changes or issues. This allows the operator to detect a potential danger, such as loose fasteners or debris that could contribute to an accident. Basic cleaning, including removing debris or excess grease from a machine, is also considered part of operational maintenance.

Depending on the type of equipment in use, operators may also be responsible for replacing worn out filters or cartridges, or removing and replacing a worn belt, cutting tool, or grinding stone. Operational maintenance may entail keeping machinery well lubricated to reduce the risk of friction or failure. Many basic machine adjustments needed during the course of operation also fall within this category of preventative maintenance.

See also 
 Corrective maintenance
 Preventive maintenance
 Care and maintenance

Sources 
T-Pub Integrated Publishing

External links
 Operational maintenance
 What is operational maintenance

Maintenance