omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Flame jet drill. A flame jet drill is a type of drilling equipment whereby there is no contact with the drilling surface, therefore the drill never wears down.

The tool expels an ultra hot hydrogen flame (~4000 °C) which causes small inconsistencies in the rock to fracture and fly away and thus "drill" surface.

Another prototype drill called a Hydro Jet Drill is able to work in hot damp conditions by superheating water and spraying the rock with the fluid.

The devices were featured in a National Geographic documentary "MegaStructures: Deep Earth Drillers" about geothermal energy.

References 
 freepatentsonline.com - Flame Jet Drill Patent
 Flame Jet Drilling and Chambering to Great Depths in Crystalline Rock
 US Patent 4066137
 Journal of Mining Science

Drilling technology
PnPSat-1. PnPSat-1 initiated in 2004 (also known as Plug-and-Play Satellite) is an experimental satellite built by the United States Air Force Research Laboratory. The spacecraft was the first choice for the third flight of the Falcon 1 rocket in August 2008, but was not selected because it was not completed at that time.

Mission description
The primary mission is to demonstrate concepts of plug-and-play spacecraft development by successfully constructing and launching a spacecraft based on several technologies developed for that purpose.

Spacecraft design
The design of the spacecraft centers on the idea of "smart" structural panels which are sealed aluminum panels which contain the necessary power and data electronics and harnessing. Components mounted on these panels are limited to devices which are too large to be contained inside a panel and payload devices.

The key to the design is AFRL's Space Plug-and-play Avionics (SPA) protocols and the Satellite Data Model (SDM) flight software. The SPA family of protocols provides the standardized communications interface between the flight computer system of the spacecraft and the various avionics and sensors. The SDM software performs the plug-and-play function for software and interfaces with the avionics and sensors using the SPA network.

References

External links

 PnPSat-1 at Gunter's Space Page

Cancelled spacecraft
List of longest continuous truss bridge spans. <onlyinclude>This list of continuous bridge spans ranks the world's continuous truss bridges in two listings: The first is ranked by the length of main span (the longest length of unsupported roadway) and the second by the total length of continuous truss spans.

Both lists include bridges that act primarily as a continuous truss. These bridges may appear to be—or may incorporate elements of—a different design. For example, the now destroyed Francis Scott Key Bridge incorporated an arch shape into the design, but was continuous across multiple spans. The Key Bridge acted first as a continuous truss bridge and secondarily as an arch bridge. 
This list does not include cantilever bridges.

Only bridges that are currently in use are included in the rankings. Bridges currently being planned, designed, or constructed and bridges that have been destroyed or demolished are noted separately.

List ranked by length of main span 

The length of main span is the most common method of comparing the size of bridges. The length of the main span will often correlate with the depth of the truss (height  the truss from bottom to top) and the engineering complexity involved in designing and constructing the bridge.

For bridges that have the same span length, the older bridge is listed first.

Note: Click on each bridge's rank to go to the bridge's official Web site. Ranks with a red asterisk (*) do not have official Web sites (or they do not have an English-language version) and are linked instead to a reference entry.

List ranked by total length 

It is also possible to rank continuous truss bridges by the sum of the continuous spans. 

Note that if the bridge has an expansion joint (a discontinuity), the sections of the bridge would be considered separate (by the definition of a continuous bridge) for the purposes of this ranking. The Yoshima Bridge is an example of this. It consists of two continuous-truss sections that together have five total spans. The first section (or unit) is 2-span continuous, 125 m + 137 m; the second section is a 3-span unit, 165 m + 245 m + 165 m.

History of the record span

References
 Durkee, Jackson, "World's Longest Bridge Spans", National Steel Bridge Alliance, May 24, 1999
 
 
 Lewis, Scott (2016-01-05). "The World's Ten Longest Continuous Truss Bridges". New York: Engineering News-Record.
 Janberg, Nicolas, Truss bridges, Structurae.de (an extensive database of structures)

Footnotes

Continuous truss bridges, List of largest
Continuous truss bridges, List of largest
Continuous truss bridges, List of largest
Lists of construction records
Bridges, continuous truss
Gate Tower Building. The  is a 16-floor office building in Fukushima-ku, Osaka, Japan. It is notable for the highway offramp of the Ikeda Route that passes through the building.

Overview 
The building has a double core construction, with a circular cross-section. The Umeda exit of the Ikeda Route of the Hanshin Expressway system (when exiting the highway from the direction of Ikeda) passes between the fifth through seventh floors of the building. The highway is effectively the tenant of those floors. The elevator passes through the floors without stopping, with floor 4 being followed by floor 8. The floors through which the highway passes consist of elevators, stairways and machinery. The highway does not make contact with the building. It passes through as a bridge, held up by supports next to the building. The highway is surrounded by a structure to protect the building from noise and vibration. The roof has a helipad.

History 
A wood and charcoal business held the property rights for the plot of land since the early Meiji period, but the gradual move to other sources of fuel resulted in the deterioration of those company buildings. In 1983, redevelopment of the area was approved, but building permits were refused because the highway was already being planned. The property rights' holders refused to give up, and negotiated with the Hanshin Expressway corporation for approximately five years to reach the current solution.

Although normally highway corporations purchase the land they build a highway on or over, it is not guaranteed to succeed and therefore issues like this can arise. For that reason, the highway laws, city planning laws, city redevelopment laws and building codes were partly revised in 1989 to allow the unified development of highways and buildings in the same space. This system was originally designed to facilitate the construction of the second ring road in the vicinity of Toranomon, Minato, Tokyo, but in the end was not applied there. Instead, the system was put into effect in the construction of the Gate Tower Building, becoming Japan's first building to have a highway pass through it. Normally, highways are still built underground in these cases, and passing through a building is an extremely rare occurrence.

See also 
Yau Ma Tei Car Park Building, another building with a highway running through it (now demolished)
Liziba station, a monorail station located within a residential building

References

External links 

 Hanshin Expressway and Gate Tower Building Photoset

Office buildings in Japan
Buildings and structures in Osaka
Expressways in Japan
Fukushima-ku, Osaka
1992 establishments in Japan
Office buildings completed in 1992
Transport buildings and structures in Osaka Prefecture
Dru Castro. Andrew Luis "Dru" Castro is a 5x Grammy Award-winning recording engineer, producer and songwriter in Atlanta, Georgia. He has produced or engineered songs for artists such as Childish Gambino, Usher, Nelly, Anitta, Pentatonix, Ciara, Keyshia Cole, T-Pain, Trina, Jamie Foxx, Nelly, Lecrae and India.Arie.  In 2009 Castro produced, engineered and wrote all the songs with India.Arie on her with the 3X Grammy (1X winning) nominated album Testimony: Vol. 2, Love & Politics.   In 2018 Castro won a Grammy as Engineer for Record of the Year on the song "This is America".  To date Dru Castro has worked on 19 Grammy nominated projects (5 have won the award) See Below.

Biography

Early years
Castro was born in Manhattan, New York and was raised in the West Palm Beach, Florida. His father and mother, who are both of Puerto Rican descent, were also born in Manhattan. From an early age Castro grew up in a musical home, where his father played piano and was the musical director of a local church. This musical influence lead Castro to start playing piano at age 5.  Castro was sent to study at Suncoast Community High School, a magnet school in Riviera Beach, Florida. While there, he was active in the Jazz, Concert and Marching bands.

Recording and Mixing
Castro moved to Atlanta in 1999, where he began engineering full-time in the booming Atlanta R&B and Hip-Hop music scene. Tricky Stewart, Bryan Michael Cox, Anthony Dent, Polow Da Don, and Sean Garrett were among the first to offer Castro a break into the recording business.  Castro has recorded, amongst others, Usher, Keyshia Cole, Ciara, T-Pain, Jamie Foxx, India.Arie, Trina, Raven-Symoné, Joe, Kelly Rowland, Stacie Orrico, and Keri Hilson. Castro has also worked on 19 Grammy nominated albums (5 have won the award) See Below.

Music House Studios
From 2006-2013, Castro owned and operated Music House Studios with fellow engineer and friend Alec Newell. The opening of "The Music House" was the fulfillment of a lifelong dream. Many artists including Usher, Ciara, Brandi, India.Arie, Keyshia cole, Yo Gotti, Lacrea, Rico Love, New Kids on the Block and Nelly had worked at the state of the art recording facility in North Atlanta.

Production
Beginning production work in 2003, his first major release as a producer came in June 2006 on the US #1 Debut Album Testimony: Vol. 1, Life & Relationship for India.Arie. He produced and co-wrote the upbeat "I Choose" and a more reflective "This Too Shall Pass". This was followed in July 2008 with the production of the single entitled "Radio" on Musiq Soulchild's fifth album release "On my Radio".  In February 2009 India.Arie's Testimony: Vol. 2, Love & Politics was released. Castro produced and recorded 12 songs with India.Arie, including the singles "Chocolate High" and "Therapy". Castro continues to produce and record in Atlanta.

Selected discography

Singles Recorded/Mixed by Dru Castro

Singles Produced by Dru Castro

Grammys

References

1976 births
Living people
Songwriters from New York (state)
Musicians from Manhattan
Musicians from Atlanta
Songwriters from Georgia (U.S. state)
Tactile programming language. Tactile programming is the specification, development, interaction with and interpretation of computer programs through a touch-centric interface. It is based on the ideas behind visual programming languages, particularly in the interaction and development of software with visual-graphic, rather than text-based, interpretations which can be "dragged-and-dropped" with a mouse in order to develop the software's functionality.

However, tactile programming applies the visual programming paradigm within a touch-centric framework: 
 the widgets which are dragged-and-dropped to create software programs are expanded to better reflect touch interaction rather than mouse interaction
 other secondary input devices for software programming may be practically replaced by computer-rendered, virtual visual-graphic equivalents, such as a virtual keyboard.
 concurrently-running emulator runtimes for same or similar operating systems as the one on which the software-based tactile programming interface resides may be used to test the stability and functionality of code without risk of data or interface loss.

At the moment, the only example which exist of tactile programming IDEs is "Visual AgenTalk", which is implemented within AgentSheets.  Similar drag and drop programming can be found in the Etoys language (part of Squeak), in Alice and in Scratch.

Notes
 Tactile Programming: A Unified Manipulation Paradigm Supporting Program Comprehension, Composition and Sharing (1996)
 Visual AgenTalk
 Towards Ubiquitous End-User Programming

 

Touch user interfaces
Programming language classification
Carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone. Carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP) is an ionophore that is a mobile ion carrier. It is referred to as an uncoupling agent because it disrupts ATP synthesis by transporting hydrogen ions through the mitochondrial membrane before they can be used to provide the energy for oxidative phosphorylation. It is a nitrile and hydrazone. FCCP was first described in 1962 by Heytler.

See also 
 Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP)

References

Ionophores
Nitriles
Trifluoromethyl ethers
Uncouplers
Hydrazones
Bavarian G 5/5. The Bavarian G 5/5 goods train, steam locomotives were intended for steep stretches of line belonging to the Royal Bavarian State Railways (Königlich Bayerische Staatsbahn) network in northern Bavaria. The extremely sharp rise in the levels of traffic on these lines in the years leading up to the First World War meant that the eight-coupled Bavarian E I and G 4/5 N classes previously employed there were increasingly unable to cope.

The first 15 examples were built in 1911 by Maffei.  The G 5/5 was the first Bavarian goods train locomotive to be built with a superheater and four-cylinder compound engine. It acquitted  itself well in practice and achieved very good consumption figures. As a result, a further 80, more powerful, engines were procured from 1920 to 1924. 

The Bavarian G 5/5 was the most powerful, ten-coupled locomotive of all the German state railways (Länderbahnen). In this respect it was far superior to the Prussian G 10 and even the Prussian G 12 was unable to match it.

Of the first series, the seven remaining examples left after the First World War and the associated reparations were taken over by the Deutsche Reichsbahn, being renumbered as 57 501–507. The 80 engines from the follow-on order went straight into the Bavarian Group Administration of the Reichsbahn and were later allocated operating numbers 57 511–590. 

In 1930, as a consequence of the worldwide economic crisis, former Länderbahn freight locomotives were increasingly retired even if they had not reached their full service life. In addition to antiquated Prussian classes such as the G 4 and G 5, large numbers of clearly much newer locomotives of south German manufacture were withdrawn. How much the "Berlin veto" (Bannstrahl) of the Reichsbahn's Chief Mechanical Engineer, Richard Paul Wagner, was responsible, is difficult to say at this distance, but it was very probably a major factor.

In addition to the 57.5, this also affected the Bavarian 56.8, as well as ex-Baden (e.g. the Baden VIII e), ex-Württemberg (e.g. the Württemberg H and Hh) and ex-Saxon (e.g. the Saxon XI V, XI H and XI HV). 

Increasing electrification of the south German railway network and the low numbers of some engine classes also played their part. Transferring the complex and demanding south German machines to depots in the north was out of the question, despite their relative newness. In addition, enough new or relatively new Prussian locomotives were already available there.

At the end of the Second World War 20 vehicles remained in service. Most of them were retired by 1947 with war damage; some survived in the Deutsche Bundesbahn until 1950 as a splinter group.

See also
 Royal Bavarian State Railways 
 List of Bavarian locomotives and railbuses

References

External links
 Photograph and technical data at ANNO (Austrian National Library), 1911
 Photograph and technical data at ANNO (Austrian National Library), 1925
 

0-10-0 locomotives
G 5 5
Standard gauge locomotives of Germany
Railway locomotives introduced in 1911
Maffei locomotives
E h4v locomotives
Freight locomotives
Bavarian G 4/5 N. The Bavarian Class G 4/5 N was an early twentieth century German  steam locomotive built for the Royal Bavarian State Railways (K.Bay.Sts.B.). Its design was based on that of the Class E I and it had unmistakable similarities to the final series of that class. Had the K.Bay.Sts.B. not changed their locomotive classification system just before this engine was produced it may well have entered service as the latest variant of E I.

In developing the E I and G 4/5 N, advantage was taken of the knowledge gained from two goods locomotives bought from the United States and which were also classified as E I's.

The firm of Krauss supplied seven of these locomotives in 1905 and 1906. As a result of the relatively high position of the boiler, the firebox was located above the locomotive frame. This characteristic design feature of Bavarian locomotives, influenced by Maffei, could already be seen and was utilised subsequently by the Baden VIIIe, Swiss GB C 4/5 and eventually the Bavarian G 4/5 H - albeit the latter being developed by Maffei.

The Deutsche Reichsbahn took over four examples from the Bavarian State Railways, which had survived World War I and gave them the operating numbers 56 401–404. They continued in service until 1927.

The engines were equipped with a Bavarian 2'2' T 18,2 tender.

See also 
 Royal Bavarian State Railways
 List of Bavarian locomotives and railbuses

References

2-8-0 locomotives
G 4 5 N
Standard gauge locomotives of Germany
Krauss locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1905
1′D n2 locomotives
Freight locomotives
Bavarian G 3/4 H. The Class G 3/4 H was a steam locomotive of the Royal Bavarian State Railways (Königlich Bayerische Staatsbahn) built between 1919 and 1923.

Description and employment 
Its striking features in comparison with the G 3/4 N were its superheater system, the feedwater preheater, the larger and higher-positioned boiler and its Adams axle. In addition, they were more powerful and efficient than their predecessors. All 225 examples that were built were taken over by the Bavarian Group Administration within the Reichsbahn and were initially operated under their old numbers. Later they were given operating numbers 54 1501–1725 following the final renumbering plan issued by the DRG. The majority of locomotives also survived the Second World War. The last engine (with operating number 54 1632) was not retired until 1966.

Numbers 54.1534, 1548, 1550, 1559, 1589 and 1663 remained in Austria after the war. The ÖBB added them to their fleet and ran them as ÖBB Class 654. All engines in this class were retired by 1957. Number 654.1663 was reassigned in 1956 as an industrial locomotive in the main workshop at Simmering, where it received the number 913.502.

The engines were equipped with a Bavarian 3 T 18,2 tender.

Surviving locomotives 

In 2004 the remains of a G 3/4 with works number 5395 was discovered during construction work in Treuchtlingen Station. The locomotive from the fleet based at the Munich shed was destroyed during an air raid on 11 April 1945 and buried in a bomb crater during clear up work.

The remains of the locomotive – part of the tender, the feedwater heater and pressure vessel and the first and second axles – area displayed in the Bavarian Railway Museum.

References

See also 
Royal Bavarian State Railways
List of Bavarian locomotives and railbuses

2-6-0 locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1919
G 3 4 H
Standard gauge locomotives of Germany
1′C h2 locomotives
Maffei locomotives
Krauss locomotives
Freight locomotives
D. Peter Forbes. Donald Peter Forbes (born October 3, 1940) is an electrical engineer, lawyer and former political figure in New Brunswick, Canada. He represented Fredericton North in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1999 to 2003 as a Progressive Conservative member.

He was born in Edmundston, New Brunswick, the son of Donald Forbes and Patricia Clarke, and was educated in Scotland, England and the University of New Brunswick, where he first studied electrical engineering and later returned for his LLB. Forbes practiced law from 1974 until 1988. He then established a company which provided computer services and another which developed geographic information systems. In 1997, he resumed the practice of law. His life partner is Deborah Johnston. Forbes ran unsuccessfully for reelection in 2003.

References 
 New Brunswick MLAs, New Brunswick Legislative Library (pdf)

1940 births
Living people
Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick MLAs
People from Edmundston
Politicians from Fredericton
20th-century members of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick
21st-century members of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick
Consumer brain–computer interfaces. There are various consumer brain–computer interfaces available for sale. These are devices that generally use an electroencephalography (EEG) headset to pick up EEG signals, a processor that cleans up and amplifies the signals, and converts them into desired signals, and some kind of output device.

As of 2012, EEG headsets ranged from simple dry single-contact devices to more elaborate 16-contact, wetted contacts, and output devices included toys like a tube containing a fan that blows harder or softer depending on how hard the user concentrates which in turn moved a ping-pong ball, video games, or a video display of the EEG signal.

Companies developing products in the space have taken different approaches.

Neurosky grew out of work in an academic lab in Korea in the early 2000s; the team used an EEG headset to control the speed of a remote-controlled car and their device also used eye tracking to control the direction the car moved. The scientists initially intended to establish a company that would develop and sell toys, but when the company was founded in Silicon Valley, it focused mostly on providing devices and software to other companies as an OEM. In 2010, the company released a product called Mindwave with one contact, a processor, an application (and a mobile app) that could display the EEG signal, and several games and other apps; the included an API so developers could create new apps using the data.

In 2007, the Canadian scientist Ariel Garten formed InteraXon with Trevor Coleman and Chris Aimone to commercialize her and her mentor Steve Mann's research on brain–computer interfaces, with an initial focus on output devices that could do practical tasks like turn off lights, control audio devices, or move objects. The company released a headset and processor called Muse with seven electrodes, with an app and an API.

In the 2010s, French scientists Yohan Attal and Thibaud Dumas founded myBrain to commercialize their research, and worked with the Brain and Spine Institute (ICM) in Paris to create an EEG headset called melomind with four electrodes, with an app for stress management.

Around the same time, OpenBCI was founded by Joel Murphy to create an open source set of devices, processors, and software aimed at biohackers and researchers that incorporates other sensors along with EEG electrodes.

At the end of 2020, NextMind began shipping their visual BCI which utilizes an EEG headset with dry electrodes. Founded by cognitive neuroscientist Sid Kouider, the company offers their product as a dev kit to make neurotechnology accessible to a wider audience of developers.

References 

Brain–computer interface
Pointing devices
Computing input devices
History of human–computer interaction
Video game control methods