omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Analog feedback shift register. AFSR also stands for the Argonne Fast Source Reactor  -- see list of nuclear reactors.
 AFSR was also the abbreviation of the Armed Forces of South Russia.

An analog feedback shift register (AFSR) is a generalization of the (binary, digital) linear-feedback shift register (LFSR).

While binary LFSRs require less power to generate spread spectrum signals than AFSRs, AFSR receivers require less power (in theory) to synchronize to those signals than binary LFSR receivers.

As of 2005, AFSRs are still in research.
AFSR techniques could make spread-spectrum receivers (such as GPS receivers and cell phones and Wi-Fi receivers and RFIDs) cost less and have longer battery lifetimes.

External links 
 A Nonlinear Dynamic System for Spread Spectrum Code Acquisition by Benjamin Vigoda 1999
 C/A-code Synchronization Using Analog Feedback Shift Registers (AFSR) by Daniel Megnet-Kägi, et al. 2004
 Pseudo-noise Sequences based on Algebraic Feedback Shift Registers by Mark Goresky and Andrew Klapper (2005??) 
 Fast Acquisition GPS Receivers by H. Mathis, HSR Rapperswil 2004

Pseudorandom number generators
Semi-finished casting products. Semi-finished casting products are intermediate castings produced in a steel mill that need further processing before being finished goods. There are four types: ingots, blooms, billets, and slabs.

Ingot

Ingots are large rough castings designed for storage and transportation. The shape usually resembles a rectangle or square with generous fillets. They are tapered, usually with the big-end-down.

Bloom
In the era of commercial wrought iron, blooms were slag-riddled iron castings poured in a bloomery before being worked into wrought iron. In the era of commercial steel, blooms are intermediate-stage pieces of steel produced by a first pass of rolling (in a blooming mill) that works the ingots down to a smaller cross-sectional area, but still greater than . Blooms are usually further processed via rotary piercing, structural shape rolling and profile rolling. Common final products include structural shapes, rails, rods, and seamless pipes.

Billet

A billet is a length of metal that has a round or square cross-section, with an area less than . Billets are created directly via continuous casting or extrusion or indirectly via hot rolling an ingot or bloom. Billets are further processed via profile rolling and drawing. Final products include bar stock and wire.

Centrifugal casting is also used to produce short circular tubes as billets, usually to achieve a precise metallurgical structure. They are commonly used as cylinder sleeves where the inner and outer diameters are ground and machined to length. Because their size is not modified significantly, they are not always classified as semi-finished casting products.

Slab
A slab is a length of metal that is rectangular in cross-section. The slab is created directly by continuous casting or indirectly by rolling an ingot on a slabbing mill. Slabs are usually further processed via flat rolling, skelping, and pipe rolling. Common final products include sheet metal, plates, strip metal, pipes, and tubes. Slab are mainly produced through blast furnace route. One of the reasons to preferably produce slab through BF route is to achieve high quality.

References

Casting (manufacturing)
Metalworking terminology
Workgroup Server. Workgroup Server — is a class of servers, oriented for local workgroup, typically for operating with business applications.

This term also may refer to:

Apple Workgroup Server — line of entry-level servers, produced between 1993 and 1999;
IBM RS/6000 Type 7025 Workgroup servers — low-end/midrange servers, produced circa 1996-2001;
IBM servers, oriented for working with IBM Db2 databases;
Servers, oriented for working inside of Windows workgroup;
Sun Enterprise and Sun SPARC low-end/midrange server lines.

See also
 Windows for Workgroups
Metal deactivator. Metal deactivators, or metal deactivating agents (MDA) are fuel additives and oil additives used to stabilize fluids by deactivating (usually by sequestering) metal ions, mostly introduced by the action of naturally occurring acids in the fuel and acids generated in lubricants by oxidative processes with the metallic parts of the systems. Fuels desulfurized by copper sweetening also contain a significant trace amounts of copper.

Metal deactivators inhibit the catalytic effects of such ions, especially copper, retarding the formation of gummy residues (e.g. gels containing copper mercaptide). Even concentrations of copper as low as 0.1 ppm can have detrimental effects.

An example of a metal deactivator used for gasoline and jet fuels is salen. It is used in turbine and jet fuels, diesel, heating oil, and greases. It is approved for military and commercial aviation fuels. Benzotriazole and its various derivatives are also common in lubricant formulas.

References

See also
Oil additive
Sequestrant
Corrosion inhibitor

Fuel additives
Lubricants
Material protection
Manuel Rendon. Manuel Rendon  (born in San Cristobal, Venezuela, 1987) is an inventor and engineer who created a U.S. patented formulation for the dynamic disintegration of plastics, the upcycling process for unsorted waste stream and a bio-based copolymer with programmable water solubility. On December 10, 2020, Nestle announced its investment in the company behind this technology.

On plastic-waste regard, pollution is a Global concern given the fact that fossil-based plastic is a substance with a very high molecular weight, This technology creates a homogeneous extremely-soluble copolymer which disintegrates after being discarded in the presence of water.

It took Rendon five years and over 1200 experiments to complete his first paper. In January 2014, Rendon applied for his first U.S. Patent, once it was approved, he resigned his position at PepsiCo and moved to Miami to launch Timeplast, the company behind this technology. Paul Maguire, CEO of Riverdale Global, has presented this technology in the Refocus Sustainability and Recycling Summit, which took place June 27–29, 2017, at the Rosen Shingle Creek Hotel in Orlando, Florida.

In May, 2021, this technology was selected as a finalist in Packaging Europe, a sustainable packaging innovation competition 

On December 10, 2020, it was announced that Nestle invested in Timeplast. David Tulauskas, Vice President and Chief Sustainability Officer at Nestlé Waters North America said; “As we make progress toward a zero-waste future, we’re enthusiastic to build on our work by exploring alternative technologies such as those presented by Timeplast."

References

Venezuelan engineers
Living people
1987 births
Robert Leroy Cochran. Robert Leroy "Roy" Cochran (January 28, 1886 – February 23, 1963) was an American Democratic politician and the 24th Governor of Nebraska.

Cochran was born in Avoca, Nebraska, and began his education in a sod school house. After graduating from Brady High school, he worked his way through and received a civil engineering degree from the University of Nebraska in 1910. First working for the County Surveyor, he was hired as a surveyor by the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railroad. In 1912 he was elected County Surveyor and served in that position until 1916. During World War I, he served two years in the Army Artillery Corps and was discharged with the rank of captain in 1919. He was married to Aileen Gant on March 15, 1919, and the couple had two children, Robert Leroy Jr and Mary Aileen.

Political and military career

Cochran served in the U.S. Army Coast Artillery Corps during World War I, being discharged with the rank of captain. He was commissioned in the Officers Reserve Corps after the war, reaching the rank of colonel and commanding the 515th Coast Artillery Regiment (Antiaircraft) from 1933 to 1941.

Cochran ran for governor of Nebraska and won in 1934, defeating the Republican candidate, Dwight Griswold, by 17,388 votes (50,8% to 47.7%). He was re-elected in 1936, again defeating Griswold, this time by 55.9% to 43.1%. In 1938 he was elected for a third term as governor, defeating the Republican candidate, Charles J. Warner, by 44% to 40.6%; a third candidate, Charles W. Bryan, received 15.4% of the vote. This made him the first governor to serve three consecutive terms. In 1940 he ran unsuccessfully for Nebraska senator, unseating incumbent Edward R. Burke in the Democratic primary, but losing the general election to Hugh Butler by 57% to 41.5%.

Cochran was called to active duty in the U.S. Army as the commander of Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri, from January 1941 to January 1942, before being retired for health reasons. He became Assistant Commissioner of the Federal Public Housing Authority from 1942 to 1943, and Commissioner from 1943 to 1944. He served as Deputy Commissioner of the American Mission for Aid to Greece. He retired from public life in 1956.

Death and legacy
Cochran died on February 23, 1963.
He was a member of the Episcopal Church, a Freemason, Knight Templar, Shriner, and member of Alpha Tau Omega.

References

Further reading 
Grimes, Mary Cochran, Aileen and Roy: From Sod House to State House (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2010).

External links

 
 Encyclopedia of Nebraska
 National Governors Association
 

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1886 births
1963 deaths
Democratic Party governors of Nebraska
University of Nebraska alumni
20th-century American Episcopalians
20th-century Nebraska politicians
Divco. Divco was a brand name of delivery trucks built and marketed in the United States. Divco is an acronym which stands for Detroit Industrial Vehicles COmpany. Divco became known for its multi-stop delivery trucks, particularly in use as home delivery vehicles by dairy producers. From 1926 until 1986, Divco produced trucks of various sizes and job descriptions.

History
The chief engineer of the Detroit Electric Vehicle Company, George Bacon, suggested using a gasoline engine for their line of delivery vehicles to overcome limits on their range and performance in cold weather. Because his bosses refused, Bacon left the company and with a group of investors, established the Detroit Industrial Vehicle Company in 1926.

The first Divco "Model A" were boxy, practical vehicles. High organizational costs meant the company went through a reorganization in 1927. In 1928, a larger, more conventional "Model G" was introduced that evolved into the "Model S" that was manufactured into the 1930s. During the Great Depression the company was bought out by Continental Motors Company, which supplied most of the engines installed in Divco trucks, and then spun off from Continental in 1936 to be acquired by Twin Coach, thus becoming "Divco-Twin."

A new design was introduced in 1937 featuring a welded all-steel van body and a snub-nosed hood, a model that was manufactured with almost no changes up to the end of the line in 1986. Along with the new "Model U", the company built a new production facility on the outskirts of Detroit.

With most Divco trucks, controls allowed driving while standing, including throttle and brake mounted on the steering column. The early models were not refrigerated, with perishable loads such as milk crates loaded and then covered with ice — making the trucks prone to rust from the inside out. The company  marketed to fleet buyers promoting their trucks as "a bigger value when you buy, produces more profit in your delivery operation, is worth more when you trade."

In 1957, Divco merged with the Wayne Works in Richmond, Indiana, to form Divco-Wayne. During the Divco-Wayne era, some Divco trucks were modified with seats and windows from the Wayne Works to produce a Divco Dividend Bus. Very few of these units were built between 1959 and 1961. The truck manufacturing of Divco-Wayne continued to be through the Divco portion. Divco was spun off from the company in 1968, and production was moved from Detroit to Delaware, Ohio, in 1969. Production ended in 1986.

Wayne continued manufacturing buses until bankruptcy and liquidation in 1992.

References

External links

 Divco Club of America
 archived copy of Divco picture page

Defunct truck manufacturers of the United States
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1926
Vehicle manufacturing companies disestablished in 1986
1926 establishments in Michigan
1986 disestablishments in Ohio
Motor vehicle manufacturers based in Michigan
Defunct manufacturing companies based in Ohio
David Liddle. David Liddle is co-founder of Interval Research Corporation, consulting professor of computer science at Stanford University. While at Xerox PARC he was credited with heading development of the Xerox Star computer system. In 1982 he co-founded Metaphor Computer Systems. He has served on the board of many corporations. He was chair of the board of trustees of the Santa Fe Institute from 1994 to 1999. Liddle holds a B.S. in computer science from the University of Michigan, and a Ph.D. in EECS from the University of Toledo, in Ohio.

In January 2012, he joined the board of directors of SRI International.

References

External links
 Biography at Stanford

Living people
Directors of SRI International
Stanford University School of Engineering faculty
University of Michigan alumni
Santa Fe Institute people
University of Toledo alumni
Scientists at PARC (company)
Year of birth missing (living people)
Rotary dryer. A rotary dryer is a type of industrial dryer used to reduce or minimize the moisture content of the material it is handling by bringing it into contact with a heated gas. The dryer is made up of a rotating cylinder ("drum" or "shell"), a drive mechanism, and a support structure (commonly concrete posts or a steel frame). The cylinder is inclined slightly with the discharge end is lower than the material feed end so that material moves through the dryer under the influence of gravity. Material to be dried enters the dryer and, as the dryer rotates, the material is lifted up by a series of fins (known as flights) lining the inner wall of the dryer. When the material gets high enough, it falls back down to the bottom of the dryer, passing through the hot gas stream as it falls.

Applications
Rotary Dryers have many applications but are most commonly seen in the mineral industry for drying sand, stone, soil, and ore. They are also used in the food industry for granular material such as grains, cereals, pulses, and coffee beans.

Design
A wide variety of rotary dryer designs are available for different applications. Gas flow, heat source, and drum design all affect the efficiency and suitability of a dryer for different materials.

Gas flow
The stream of hot gas can either be moving toward the discharge end from the feed end (known as co-current flow), or toward the feed end from the discharge end (known as counter-current flow). The direction of gas flow combined with the inclination of the drum determine how quickly material moves through the dryer.

Heat source
The gas stream is most commonly heated with a burner using gas, coal or oil. If the hot gas stream is made up of a mixture of air and combustion gases from a burner, the dryer is known as "directly heated". Alternatively, the gas stream may consist of air or another (sometimes inert) gas that is preheated. Where burner combustion gases do not enter the dryer, the dryer is known as "indirectly-heated". Often, indirectly heated dryers are used when product contamination is a concern. In some cases, a combination of direct-indirect heated rotary dryers are also used to improve the overall efficiency.

Drum design
A rotary dryer can consist of a single shell or several concentric shells, though any more than three shells is not usually necessary. Multiple drums can reduce the amount of space that the equipment requires to achieve the same throughput. Multi-drum dryers are often heated directly by oil or gas burners. The addition of a combustion chamber at the feed end helps ensure efficient fuel usage, and homogenous drying air temperatures.

Combined processes
Some rotary dryers have the ability to combine other processes with drying. Other processes that can be combined with drying include cooling, cleaning, shredding and separating.

See also 
 Fluidized bed
 Flights (rotary dryer)
 Sectional cooler
 Kiln

References

Dryers
Macintosh Application Environment. The Macintosh Application Environment (MAE) is a software package introduced by Apple Computer in 1994 that allows certain Unix-based computer workstations to run System 7 and its application software.

Overview
MAE uses the X Window System to provide the Macintosh Finder graphical user interface in a window.

MAE 1.0 was launched in 1994 for SPARC-based systems running Solaris 2.3 and PA-RISC-based systems running HP-UX 9.0, at . It features a special version of System 7.1 with its integrated MultiFinder environment, running on an emulated 68LC040 CPU (which lacks floating-point support). Up to 70% of host RAM can be allocated to MAE using its customized Memory control panel. The custom environment omits support for some Macintosh functionality, such as QuickTime, sound, serial, networking, and hardware drivers within CDEVs and INITs. Host integration was introduced to compensate, with the host system's storage, including floppy and CD-ROM drives, being available to Macintosh applications. Files within the emulated environment are stored in the host's filesystem. Clipboard integration permits textual and graphical copying and pasting between the Macintosh and X Window System environments.

MAE includes a license manager, allowing floating network licenses.

The final version of 3.0 provides System 7.5.3, and runs on Solaris 2.5 and later and HP-UX 9.05 or 10.10. MAE was discontinued on May 14, 1998.

Reception
Reviewed as an "impressive piece of work" in 1994 by Open Systems Today magazine, MAE 1.0's performance on a SPARCclassic workstation with 32 MB of RAM was "sluggish" with screen redraws "slower than a Mac Plus", but higher-end workstations have performance comparable to a Macintosh IIci.

See also
Classic (Mac OS X)
Wabi (software)
Solaris OpenStep
A/UX

References

External links
Apple's MAE page

Apple Inc. software
Unix emulation software
Products introduced in 1994
Vsevolod Frederiks. Vsevolod Konstantinovich Frederiks (or Fréedericksz;  ; April 29, 1885, Warsaw – January 6, 1944, Gorkiy) was a Russian/Soviet physicist. His primary contribution was in the field of liquid crystals. The Frederiks transition is named after him.

After high school, Frederiks attended Geneva University and attended the lectures of Paul Langevin in Paris for one semester. After defending his thesis and obtaining his PhD, Frederiks decided to continue his studies at Göttingen University. He was there for more than eight years, and with the outbreak of World War I he became a civil prisoner. During that period, he became personal assistant to David Hilbert.

In the summer of 1918, Frederiks returned to Russia, and worked at the Institute of Physics and Biophysics in Moscow. In 1919, he became a lecturer at the University of Petrograd. He was arrested by the NKVD in 1937. Although released before World War II, he died before reaching home.

Works

References

Bibliography 
 David Dunmur & Tim Sluckin (2011) Soap, Science, and Flat-screen TVs: a history of liquid crystals, pp 103–7, Oxford University Press  .
 A.S. Sonin & V.Ya. Frenkel (1995) Vsevolod Konstantinovich Freédericksz, Moscow: Nauka Publishing House.

1885 births
1944 deaths
Russian physicists
Russian scientists
SYRANO. SYRANO (Système Robotisé d'Acquisition pour la Neutralisation d'Objectifs, "Robotic   acquisition system for neutralization of targets") is the first operational battlefield robot of the French military.

SYRANO was designed by a consortium of CGEY, THALES, GIAT Industries and SAGEM to collect information in combat zones, especially, in urban combat conditions. It is based on the Wiesel AWC of the German Army.

External links 
  checkpoint-online.ch
 nap.edu
 defense-update.com

Armoured fighting vehicles of France
Military robots
Unmanned ground combat vehicles
Robots of France
Milwaukee Road class ES-1. The Milwaukee Road's class ES-1 comprised a single electric switcher locomotive built in 1915.  It was designed to run on the unique 1,500 V DC electrification in the yard at Great Falls, Montana.  It was originally numbered #10000 and was numbered E85 in March 1939. It was retired in November 1939.

References

General Electric locomotives
1500 V DC locomotives
ES-1
B-B locomotives
Electric locomotives of the United States
Railway locomotives introduced in 1915
Standard gauge locomotives of the United States

Shunting locomotives
N,N'-Di-2-butyl-1,4-phenylenediamine. {{DISPLAYTITLE:N,N'-Di-2-butyl-1,4-phenylenediamine}}

N,N′-Di-2-butyl-1,4-phenylenediamine is an aromatic amine used industrially as an antioxidant to prevent degradation of turbine oils, transformer oils, hydraulic fluids, lubricants, waxes, and greases. It is particularly effective for hydrocarbon products produced by cracking or pyrolysis, which are characterized by high alkene content. It is also used as an polymerisation inhibitor in production of various vinyl monomers such as acrylates.

N,N′-Di-2-butyl-1,4-phenylenediamine has the appearance of a red liquid. It is a skin sensitizer and can be absorbed through skin. It is toxic.

N,N′-Di-2-butyl-1,4-phenylenediamine is the active component of e.g. AO-22, AO-24, AO-29, and VANLUBE antioxidant mixtures, and Santoflex 44PD inhibitor.

References

Anilines
Antioxidants
Diamines
Sec-Butyl compounds
2,6-Di-tert-butylphenol. 2,6-Di-tert-butylphenol is an organic compound with the structural formula 2,6-((CH3)3C)2C6H3OH.  This colorless solid alkylated phenol and its derivatives are used industrially as UV stabilizers and antioxidants for hydrocarbon-based products ranging from petrochemicals to plastics.  Illustrative of its usefulness, it prevents gumming in aviation fuels.

Production
2,6-Di-tert-butylphenol is prepared industrially via the Friedel–Crafts alkylation of phenol with isobutene catalyzed by aluminium phenoxide:

C6H5OH  +  2 CH2=C(CH3)2  →  ((CH3)3C)2C6H3OH

In this way, approximately 2.5M kg/y are produced. Alkylation of phenol usually favours the para-position, and a strong lewis acid such as the Al3+ ion is necessary to give selective ortho‑alkylation. If a conventional brønsted acid is used then 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol will be produced instead.

Applications
Its dominant use is as an antioxidant.  

2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is a precursor to more complex compounds used as antioxidants and light-protection agents for the stabilization for polymers. Of particular note is methyl-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionate (CAS# 6386-38-5), which is formed by the Michael addition of methyl acrylate. This compound is used as a feedstock in the synthesis of more complex antioxidants such as Irganox 1098. 2,6-Di-tert-butylphenol is also used in the synthesis of CGP-7930, probucol, and nicanartine.

Safety and regulation
The  is 9200 mg/kg, indicating a low toxicity.

2,6-Di-tert-butylphenol is covered by the U.S. Department of Transportation Code of Federal Regulations 49 CFR 172.101, Appendix B (20 Dec 2004). This substance is designated by the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) as a marine pollutant.

See also
 Butylated hydroxytoluene
 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol
 2,4-Dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol
 Para tertiary butyl phenol

References

Antioxidants
Alkylphenols
Fuel antioxidants
Tert-butyl compounds