omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
List of wind turbine manufacturers. This is a list of notable wind turbine manufacturers and businesses that manufacture major wind turbine components.

Small wind turbine manufacturers 

 Bornay (Spain)
 Enessere (Italy)
 Hi-VAWT (Taiwan)
 quietrevolution (United Kingdom)
 Southwest (USA) – closed 20 February 2013 which is now Primus windpower
 TUGE Energia (Estonia)
 Urban Green Energy (USA) – no longer manufacturing small wind turbines as of 2018

Large wind turbine manufacturers

Current manufacturers 

 China Guodian Corporation (China) – turbine brand United Wind Power
 CRRC (China)
 CSIC (Chongqing) – HZ Wind Power (China)
 Envision Energy (China)
 Goldwind (China)
 SANY (China)
 Shanghai Electric (China) (SEwind)
 Sinovel (China)
 NovaWind (Russia) – Subsidiary of Rosatom
 GE Renewable Energy (USA)
 PacWind (USA)
 Elecon Engineering (India)
 Inox Wind (India) 
 RRB Energy Limited (India)
 Suzlon (India)
 World Wind (India)
 Enercon (Germany)
 Nordex SE (Germany)
 UNISON (South Korea)
 Hanjin (South Korea)
 Doosan (South Korea)
 Hyosung (South Korea)
 Hyundai Heavy Industries (South Korea)
 Hitachi (Japan) – acquired the wind turbine business of Fuji Heavy Industries in 2012 
 Japan Steel Works (Japan)
 Machine Sazi Arak (Iran)
 Mingyang Wind Power (China)
 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (Japan)
 Končar (Croatia)
 Mapna (Iran)
 Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy (Germany/Spain)
 STX Windpower (South Korea / The Netherlands)
 TECO (Taiwan)
 Vergnet (France)
 Vestas (Denmark) – the world's largest manufacturer of wind turbines
 WEG (Brazil)
 Xant (Belgium)
 Broadwind Energy (USA)

Past manufacturers 

 Acciona (Spain) merged with Nordex 
 Northern Power Systems (USA)
 DeWind (Germany/USA) – subsidiary of Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering (South Korea)
 Alstom Wind (Spain) – subsidiary of General Electric since 2015
 Enron Wind (now defunct) – wind-turbine manufacturing assets bought by General Electric in 2002
 Fuji Heavy Industries (Japan) – the wind turbine business was acquired by Hitachi in 2012
 Gamesa (Spain)
 NEG Micon (Spain) – was bought by Gamesa 
 NEG Micon – now part of Vestas
 Nordic Windpower (USA) – bankrupted in 2012
 Raum Energy Inc. (Canada)
 Scanwind (Norway) – bought by General Electric in 2009
 Senvion (Germany) – assets bought by Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy in 2019
 Prokon (Germany)
 WinWinD (Finland)
 Frisia (Germany)
 Clipper (USA)
 DSTN (DSME Trenton) (Canada)
 Windflow (New Zealand)

See also 

 AWEA (American Wind Energy Association)
 EWEA (European Wind Energy Association)
 List of Danish wind turbine manufacturers
 List of offshore wind farms
 Lists of wind farms
 Wind power in the People's Republic of China

References

External links 

 
Wind turbine
Wind Turbine
Wind turbine manufacturers
Renewable energy commercialization
Stereo cameras. The stereo cameras approach is a method of distilling a noisy video signal into a coherent data set that a computer can begin to process into actionable symbolic objects, or abstractions. Stereo cameras is one of many approaches used in the broader fields of computer vision and machine vision.

Calculation
In this approach, two cameras with a known physical relationship (i.e. a common field of view the cameras can see, and how far apart their focal points sit in physical space) are correlated via software. By finding mappings of common pixel values, and calculating how far apart these common areas reside in pixel space, a rough depth map can be created. This is very similar to how the human brain uses stereoscopic information from the eyes to gain depth cue information, i.e. how far apart any given object in the scene is from the viewer.

The camera attributes must be known, focal length and distance apart etc., and a calibration done. Once this is completed, the systems can be used to sense the distances of objects by triangulation. Finding the same singular physical point in the two left and right images is known as the correspondence problem. Correctly locating the point gives the computer the capability to calculate the distance that the robot or camera is from the object. On the BH2 Lunar Rover the cameras use five steps: a bayer array filter, photometric consistency dense matching algorithm, a Laplace of Gaussian (LoG) edge detection algorithm, a stereo matching algorithm and finally uniqueness constraint.

Uses

This type of stereoscopic image processing technique is used in applications such as 3D reconstruction, robotic control and sensing, crowd dynamics monitoring and off-planet terrestrial rovers; for example, in mobile robot navigation, tracking, gesture recognition, targeting, 3D surface visualization, immersive and interactive gaming. Although the Xbox Kinect sensor is also able to create a depth map of an image, it uses an infrared camera for this purpose, and does not use the dual-camera technique.

Other approaches to stereoscopic sensing include time of flight sensors and ultrasound.

See also
Stereo camera (about a camera with two separated views)

References

 
Computer vision
Geometry in computer vision
Robotic sensing
Robot control

tr:Stereo kameralar
Octaethylene glycol monododecyl ether. Octaethylene glycol monododecyl ether (C12E8) is a nonionic surfactant formed by the ethoxylation of dodecanol (lauryl alcohol) to give a material with 8 repeat units of ethylene glycol.

See also
 Pentaethylene glycol monododecyl ether, C12E5

References

Non-ionic surfactants
Glycol ethers
Geoboard. A geoboard is a  mathematical manipulative used to explore basic concepts in plane geometry such as perimeter, area and the characteristics of triangles and other polygons. It consists of a physical board with a certain number of nails half driven in, around which are wrapped geo bands that are made of rubber. Normal rubber bands can also be used.

Geoboards were invented and popularized in the 1950s by Egyptian mathematician Caleb Gattegno (1911-1988).

Structure and use
Geoboard is a board. A variety of boards are used. Originally made out of plywood and brass nails or pegs, geoboards are now usually made out of plastic. They may have an upright square lattice of 9, 16 or 25 nails or more, or a circle of nails around a central nail. Students are asked to place rubber bands around the nails to explore geometric concepts or to solve mathematical puzzles.

Geoboards may be used to learn about: 
 plane shapes;
 translation;
 rotation;
 reflection;
 similarity;
 co-ordination;
 counting;
 right angles;
 pattern;
 classification;
 scaling;
 position;
 congruence;
 area;
 perimeter.

Two-dimensional representations of the geoboard may be applied to ordinary paper using rubber stamps or special "geoboard paper" with diagrams of geoboards may be used to help capture a student's explanations of the concept they have discovered or illustrated on the geoboard. There are also a number of online virtual geoboards.

References

External links
Educational and Supplemental Materials for K-12
 Virtual geoboards on nrich.maths.org
 Free Web-based Geoboard from Math Learning Center 
 Virtual geoboard on mathplayground.com
 Various geoboard activities
 Tom Scavo's collection of geoboard activities
 Virtual geoboard and activities on nlvm.usu.edu
  Authentic guide to using the Geoboards by the inventor Dr. Caleb Gattegno

Mathematical manipulatives
Festool. Festool is a brand of high-end power tools from Germany. Festool Group GmbH & Co. KG is based in Wendlingen and is a subsidiary of the TTS Tooltechnic Systems holding company. It is known for its system-based approach to power tools and its focus on dust extractors.

The company was founded by Gottlieb Stoll and Albert Fezer in 1925 under the name Fezer & Stoll. The company manufactured the world's first portable chainsaw in 1927. The company's name was shortened to Festo in 1933. Festo founded Festo Tooltechnic in 1992, and the power tool division was spun off into an independent company, Festool, in 2000. The company remains privately owned by the family of co-founder Gottlieb Stoll.

As of October 2017, Festool operates subsidiaries in 26 countries including the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, France, the Netherlands, and Russia. In late 2017, it set up its first Asian subsidiary in South Korea. Festool products are primarily manufactured in Neidlingen (Germany), Illertissen (Germany), and Česká Lípa (Czech Republic). In July 2017, Festool opened its first North American production line at its Lebanon, Indiana, facility, where it produces mainly guide rails for its track-saw system.

Festool's system-based power tool design includes the use of modular plastic containers, called "systainers", that are produced by its sister company TANOS, and multi-function parts such as guide rails for stationary work and power tools. It also produces a workbench system involving Multifunction tables (MFTs).

References

External links

TTS Tooltechnic Systems

Power tool manufacturers
Tool manufacturing companies of Germany
Woodworking hand-held power tools
Manufacturing companies established in 1925
German brands
1925 establishments in Germany
Pentaethylene glycol monododecyl ether. Within chemical compound surfactants, pentaethylene glycol monododecyl ether (C12E5) is a nonionic surfactant. It is  formed by the ethoxylation chemical reaction of dodecanol (lauryl alcohol) to give a material with 5 repeat units of ethylene glycol.

Multilamellar vesicle formation
Within the study of biological membranes and cell biology, for vesicle formation, the lamellar phase at 40wt% solution of C12E5 dissolved in D2O form multilamellar vesicles under shear rate.

See also
 Octaethylene glycol monododecyl ether, C12E8

References

Non-ionic surfactants
Glycol ethers
Mafell. Mafell AG (Maschinenfabrik Fellbach AktienGesellschaft) is a manufacturer of high-end woodworking power tools specialized for carpentry, founded in 1899. They are the inventor of the first portable electric carpentry power tool, a chain mortiser invented in 1926.  The company is located in Oberndorf am Neckar, Germany.

Awards
In the year 2002 Mafell was awarded the Rudolf-Eberle-Award for its panel saw system PSS 3100 and in 2003 the Eumacop innovation award for its Flexistem KSP 40. Furthermore, in the years 2007, 2009 and 2014 Mafell was listed as one of the 100 most innovative companies in the world.

References

External links
 Mafell web site
 Inside woodworking web site info on Mafell

Companies based in Baden-Württemberg
German companies established in 1899
German brands
Power tool manufacturers
Woodworking hand-held power tools
Manufacturing companies established in 1899
Tool manufacturing companies of Germany
Fein (company). C. & E. Fein GmbH is a manufacturer of high-end power tools located near Stuttgart, Germany. Founded in 1867 by brothers Wilhelm Emil Fein and Carl Fein, the company invented the hand-held electric drill in 1895 and was responsible for many other innovations. Fein became famous for its grinders, electric screwdrivers, and Fein Multimaster RS, the original oscillating multitool.

History

In 1867, Wilhelm Emil Fein and his brother Carl founded a "mechanical workshop" in Stuttgart, the company C. & E. Fein. By 1873, the company had begun its first product line, focusing on medical induction apparatus and medical inductors. Two years later, Wilhelm Emil Fein invented the first electric fire alarm. In 1879, the city of Stuttgart installed a comprehensive fire alarm system developed by Fein, which included nine intercom stations (morse telegraphs), 50 alarm stations, and several telephones.

The company's growth continued, during its 25th anniversary celebration at the Liederhalle Culture and Congress Centre, C&E Fein celebrated the completion of its 1000th dynamo machine. Fein's fire alarm systems were widely adopted in cities including Nuremberg (1878), Gotha (1881), Ludwigsburg (1881), Frankfurt (Oder) (1882), Worms (1883), Regensburg (1887), Eßlingen am Neckar (1891), Bayreuth (1891), Karlsruhe (1892), Schwerin (1894), and Kempten (1984). 

In 1895, Fein invented the electric hand drill, which is considered the forerunner of power tools.

The first "drill with electro-pneumatic hammer mechanism" was built in 1914 by the company and applied for a patent. Fein developed the first tin snips and the first jigsaw in 1927. In the 1950s, a handy small drill called "Fein-Zwerg" (Fein-Dwarf) helped boost popularity.
The first power tool with oscillation technology was launched in 1967, at the time as a plaster band cast saw. In 1985, the company's first cordless screwdriver appeared. In 1987, the Fein quick-clamping system QuickIN made the handling of angle grinders considerably safer. In 2007, the company presented a MultiMaster generation with QuickIN and better handling. In 2011, Fein presented the first handheld core drilling system for metal, KBH 25.

Subsidiaries 

The company has 16 sales subsidiaries through which distribution takes place.

Products 

C. & E. Fein GmbH is a vendor of high-quality power tools. Among their wide range of products are the ASCD 18-1000 W34 SELECT cordless impact wrench/driver, as well as a selection of FEIN cordless grinders. These tools are well-known for their performance and durability.

External links 
Fein web site
Inside woodworking web site info on Fein tools

References 

German brands
Tool manufacturing companies of Germany
Manufacturing companies based in Stuttgart
Power tool manufacturers
Woodworking hand-held power tools
1867 establishments in the North German Confederation
Manufacturing companies established in 1867
130 nm process. The 130 nanometer (130 nm) process is a level of semiconductor process technology that was reached in the 2000–2001 timeframe by such leading semiconductor companies as Intel, Texas Instruments, IBM, and TSMC.

The origin of the 130 nm value is historical, as it reflects a trend of 70% scaling every 2–3 years. The naming is formally determined by the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS).

Some of the first CPUs manufactured with this process include Intel Tualatin family of Pentium III processors.

Processors using 130 nm manufacturing technology
 Motorola PowerPC 7447 and 7457 2002
 IBM Gekko (GameCube)
 IBM PowerPC G5 970 - October 2002 - June 2003
 Intel Pentium III Tualatin - 2001-06
 Intel Celeron Tualatin-256 - 2001-10-02
 Intel Pentium M Banias - 2003-03-12
 Intel Pentium 4 Northwood - 2002-01-07
 Intel Celeron Northwood-128 - 2002-09-18
 Intel Xeon Prestonia and Gallatin - 2002-02-25
 VIA C3 - 2001
 AMD Athlon XP Thoroughbred, Thorton, and Barton
 AMD Athlon MP Thoroughbred - 2002-08-27
 AMD Athlon XP-M Thoroughbred, Barton, and Dublin
 AMD Duron Applebred - 2003-08-21
 AMD K7 Sempron Thoroughbred-B, Thorton, and Barton - 2004-07-28
 AMD K8 Sempron Paris - 2004-07-28
 AMD Athlon 64 Clawhammer and Newcastle - 2003-09-23
 AMD Opteron Sledgehammer - 2003-06-30
 Elbrus 2000 1891ВМ4Я (1891VM4YA) - 2008-04-27 
 MCST-R500S 1891BM3 - 2008-07-27 
 Vortex 86SX -

References

00130
180 nm process. The 180 nm process is a MOSFET (CMOS) semiconductor process technology that was commercialized around the 1998–2000 timeframe by leading semiconductor companies, starting with TSMC and Fujitsu, then followed by Sony, Toshiba, Intel, AMD, Texas Instruments and IBM.

History 
The origin of the 180 nm value is historical, as it reflects a trend of 70% scaling every 2–3 years. The naming is formally determined by the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS).

Some of the first CPUs manufactured with this process include Intel Coppermine family of Pentium III processors. This was the first technology using a gate length shorter than that of light used for contemporary lithography, which had a wavelength of 193 nm.

Some more recent microprocessors and microcontrollers (e.g. PIC) are using this technology because it is typically low cost and does not require upgrading of existing equipment. In 2022, Google sponsored open-source hardware projects using GlobalFoundries 180nm MCU (microcontroller) process on multi-project wafers.

In 1988, an IBM research team led by Iranian engineer Bijan Davari fabricated a 180nm dual-gate MOSFET using a CMOS process. The 180nm CMOS process was later commercialized by TSMC in 1998, and then Fujitsu in 1999.

Processors using 180 nm manufacturing technology 
 Intel Coppermine E—October 1999
 ATI Radeon R100 and RV100 Radeon 7000—2000
 Nintendo GameCube's Gekko CPU—2000
 Sony PlayStation 2's Emotion Engine and Graphics Synthesizer—March 2000
 AMD Athlon Thunderbird—June 2000
 AMD Duron Spitfire–June 2000
 AMD Duron Morgan–August 2001
 Intel Celeron (Willamette)—May 2002
 Motorola PowerPC 7445 and 7455 (Apollo 6)—January 2002

References 

00180
Taiwanese inventions
IBM Enterprise Storage Server. The IBM Enterprise Storage Server (ESS) or the Shark is an enterprise storage array from IBM.

History
Originally, in 1998 IBM released the IBM 2105 Versatile Storage Server (VSS). It did not meet commercial success and the successor came in 1999 in the form of the ESS, based on the same Seascape architecture.
The Seascape architecture was an IBM storage architecture that included off-the-shelf components, including RS/6000 processors and the Serial Storage Architecture (SSA).
The ESS was also widely known by its IBM internal codename Shark.

The 2001 lineup have a redesigned case; this version won IF design award.

It has been superseded by the IBM DS8000 series of storage servers.

Models
2105-E10 IBM Enterprise Storage Server Model E10 - (1999) 64 disks
2105-E20 IBM Enterprise Storage Server Model E20 - (1999) 128 disks
2105-F10 IBM Enterprise Storage Server Model F10 - (2000) 64 disks
2105-F20 IBM Enterprise Storage Server Model F20 - (2000) 128 disks
2105-750 IBM TotalStorage Enterprise Storage Server Model 750 - (2001)
2105-800 IBM TotalStorage Enterprise Storage Server Model 800 - (2001)

Enclosures 
  ESS expansion enclosure (The E10 model does not support an expansion enclosure) - 256 disks.

External links
 Gustavo Castets et al., IBM Enterprise Storage Server, IBM “Redbook” SG24-5465-01, second edition, 2001 September

See also
IBM Storage

Extended Remote Copy
FlashCopy
Global Mirror
Metro Mirror
IBM Subsystem Device Driver
IBM TotalStorage Expert

References

Enterprise Storage Server
Tetralin. Tetralin (1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene) is a hydrocarbon having the chemical formula C10H12. It is a partially hydrogenated derivative of naphthalene. It is a colorless liquid that is used as a hydrogen-donor solvent.

Production
Tetralin is produced by the catalytic hydrogenation of naphthalene.

Although nickel catalysts are traditionally employed, many variations have been evaluated. Over-hydrogenation converts tetralin into decahydronaphthalene (decalin). Rarely encountered is dihydronaphthalene (dialin).

Laboratory methods
In a classic named reaction called the Darzens tetralin synthesis, named for Auguste Georges Darzens (1926), derivatives can be prepared by intramolecular electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction of a 1-aryl-pent-4-ene using concentrated sulfuric acid,

Uses
Tetralin is used as a hydrogen-donor solvent, for example in coal liquifaction.  It functions as a source of H2, which is transferred to the coal.  The partially hydrogenated coal is more soluble.

It has been used in sodium-cooled fast reactors as a secondary coolant to keep sodium seals around pump impellers solidified; however its use has been superseded by NaK.

It is also used for the laboratory synthesis of hydrogen bromide:
C10H12 + 4 Br2 → C10H8Br4 + 4 HBr
The facility of this reaction is in part a consequence of the moderated strength of the benzylic C-H bonds.

Safety
 (rats, oral) is 2.68 g/kg. Tetralin induces methemoglobinemia.

References

 
Aromatic solvents
Aromatic hydrocarbons
AN/APG-78 Longbow. The AN/APG-78 Longbow is a millimeter-wave fire-control radar (FCR) system for the AH-64D/E Apache attack helicopter. It was initially developed in the 1980s as the Airborne Adverse Weather Weapon System (AAWWS) as part of the Multi-Stage Improvement Program (MSIP) to enhance the AH-64A. By 1990, both AAWWS and MSIP were renamed Longbow. The radar is produced by Longbow LLC, a joint venture of Lockheed Martin and Northrop Grumman.

Description
The AN/APG-78 Longbow is a millimeter-wave fire-control radar (FCR) target acquisition system and the Radar Frequency Interferometer (RFI), which are housed in a dome located above the main rotor. The radome's raised position enables target detection while the helicopter is behind obstacles (e.g. terrain, trees or buildings). The APG-78 is capable of simultaneously tracking up to 128 targets and engaging up to 16 at once; an attack can be initiated within 30 seconds. A radio modem integrated with the sensor suite allows data to be shared with ground units and other Apaches, allowing them to fire on targets detected by a single helicopter.

The updated AN/APG-78 radar for the AH-64E Guardian has overwater capabilities, potentially enabling naval strikes.

Applications
 AgustaWestland Apache Longbow
 Bell AH-1Z Viper (option)
 Boeing AH-64D Apache Longbow
 Boeing AH-64E Apache Guardian
 Boeing–Sikorsky RAH-66 Comanche (canceled)

See also

 List of radars
 Searchwater
 Seaspray (radar)
List of military electronics of the United States

References

External links

 Northrop Grumman AN/APG-78 Longbow Fire Control Radar (FCR) page
 Lockheed Martin Longbow FCR page

Helicopter radars
Military radars of the United States
Military electronics of the United States
Northrop Grumman radars
Military equipment introduced in the 1990s
Aircraft radars
Brinkman number. The Brinkman number (Br) is a dimensionless number related to heat conduction from a wall to a flowing viscous fluid, commonly used in polymer processing.  It is named after the Dutch mathematician and physicist Henri Brinkman. There are several definitions; one is

where
 μ is the dynamic viscosity;
 u is the flow velocity;
 κ is the thermal conductivity;
 T0 is the bulk fluid temperature;
 Tw is the wall temperature;
 Pr is the Prandtl number
 Ec is the  Eckert number

It is the ratio between heat produced by viscous dissipation and heat transported by molecular conduction. i.e., the ratio of viscous heat generation to external heating. The higher its value, the slower the conduction of heat produced by viscous dissipation and hence the larger the temperature rise.

In, for example, a screw extruder, the energy supplied to the polymer melt comes primarily from two sources:
 viscous heat generated by shear between elements of the flowing liquid moving at different velocities;
 direct heat conduction from the wall of the extruder.

The former is supplied by the motor turning the screw, the latter by heaters. The Brinkman number is a measure of the ratio of the two.

References

 
 
 
 

Continuum mechanics
Dimensionless numbers of fluid mechanics
Dimensionless numbers of thermodynamics
Polymer chemistry