omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Demineralizing (silk worm cocoon). Demineralizing has the potential to be used in the silk sector enabling wet reeling of Wild Silk moth cocoons by removing the mineral layer present in these cocoons. This technique is not like degumming where the gum of the fibroin fibres is removed what would lead to a tangled cocoon. With "demineralizing" the gum and structure of the cocoon is kept intact enabling the cocoons to be wet reeled. This could allow a new silk industry in areas which have not the conditions or infrastructure for raising the domesticated silk worm Bombyx mori, possibly generating a revolutionary new income stream.

Standard demineralizing solution 
An aqueous 1 M solution of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is used adjusted to pH 10 with saturated sodium hydroxide solution. The cocoons are immersed in this solution for 72 h at 40 °C and gently stirred. During the process, the cocoons are kept under the surface of the solution by means of a plastic mesh, using a partial vacuum to encourage penetration of the solution. Afterwards, the cocoons are thoroughly washed with running tap water (three times 3 h) and subsequently reeled in tap water at room temperature using the standard method for Bombyx mori. The method described here forms the basis of a patent application.

Other solutions useful for demineralizing 
Citric acid (present in lemon juice, orange juice, pineapple juice), formic acid, aluminum nitrate, and phosphate ions are all known to remove calcium oxalate by chelating calcium ions or by directly dissolving it.

References

External links

Wild silk
Mathematics & Mechanics of Solids. Mathematics & Mechanics of Solids is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes papers in the fields of Mechanics and Mathematics. The journal's editor is David J Steigmann  (University of California). It has been in publication since 1996 and is currently published by SAGE Publications.

Scope 
Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids is an international journal which publishes original research in solid mechanics and materials science. The journal’s aim is to publish original, self-contained research that focuses on the mechanical behaviour of solids with particular emphasis on mathematical principles.

Abstracting and indexing 
Mathematics & Mechanics of Solids is abstracted and indexed in, among other databases:  SCOPUS, and the Social Sciences Citation Index. According to the Journal Citation Reports, its 2016 impact factor is 2.953, ranking it 72 out of 275 journals in the category ‘Materials Science, Multidisciplinary’. and 11 out of 100 journals in the category ‘Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications’. and 13 out of 133 journals in the category ‘Mechanics’.

References

External links 
 

Mathematics journals
8 times per year journals
Mechanics journals
Structural Health Monitoring. Structural Health Monitoring is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers the field of engineering, especially concerning Structural health monitoring. Its editor-in-chief is Fu-Kuo Chang () of Stanford University. The journal was established in 2002 and is published by SAGE Publications.

Abstracting and indexing 
The journal is abstracted and indexed in the Science Citation Index Expanded. According to the Journal Citation Reports, its 2013 impact factor is 3.206.

References

External links 
 

SAGE Publishing academic journals
English-language journals
Engineering journals
Academic journals established in 2002
Bimonthly journals
Lamson L-106 Alcor. The Lamson L-106 Alcor is an American, high-wing, experimental, pressurized research glider that was designed and built by Bob Lamson. The Alcor was the first pressurized sailplane ever built.

Design and development
The Alcor was conceived during the 1960s as a high altitude research aircraft by Lamson. He had served in the US Army Air Corps and also worked for the Boeing Aircraft Company as a test pilot. While at Boeing during the 1940s, he worked on high-altitude oxygen systems, which led him to investigate aircraft pressurization. He attended the University of Washington.

The Alcor is named for the star in Ursa Major and was optimized for flight in weak mountain wave soaring conditions. The aircraft is constructed from  Sitka spruce veneer, covered with layers of fiberglass. The wings and tail use foam sandwiches, covered in S-glass. The Alcor was one of the first gliders to be built from composites.

The Alcor's  span wing employs a Feifel airfoil. The pressurization system provides two to three inches of Mercury pressure differential. The cockpit also incorporates a solar heater to keep the canopy clear of ice condensation at high altitude and also provide pilot warmth.

Operational history
The Alcor was registered with the Federal Aviation Administration as completed in 1968, but reportedly first flew in 1973. In 1983 Lamson indicated that the aircraft has flown 180 hours and had exceeded  "four or five times".

Between 1985 and 1989, the aircraft was used in southern Alberta, Canada as a research aircraft for a study of the chinook arch, proving ideal for this sort of high-altitude work.

In 1992 the aircraft was transferred to the Museum of Flight in Seattle, Washington, where it is on display.

Aircraft on display
Museum of Flight - sole example

Specifications (Alcor)

Notable appearances in media

See also

References

1960s United States sailplanes
1970s United States experimental aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1973
John Beavor-Webb. John Beavor-Webb (c. 1849 - March 11, 1927) was a British and American naval architect. He was a designer of sailing yachts, including Partridge 1885, a UK National Historic Ship  and the America's Cup challengers Genesta (1884) and Galatea (1885).  John Beavor-Webb began his career in England but later worked in the U.S.A. where he designed very large steamyachts  like J.P. Morgan's Corsair II (1891) and Corsair III (1899).

Beavor-Webb was worth "more than $20,000" by the time of his death. His widow was disinherited but his three daughters each received a trust fund with an income for life.

References

1840s births
1927 deaths
American yacht designers
British yacht designers
Irish emigrants to the United States
American naval architects
Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control. Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control is a peer-reviewed academic journal that covers the field of measurement and control systems. The editors-in-chief are Frank L. Lewis (University of Texas at Arlington), John O'Gray, Steve Thompson, and Mehmed Önder Efe (Hacettepe University). It was established in 1979 and is published by SAGE Publications on behalf of the Institute of Measurement and Control.

Abstracting and indexing 
The journal is abstracted and indexed in Scopus and the Science Citation Index Expanded. According to the Journal Citation Reports, its 2017 impact factor is 1.579, ranking it 36th out of 61 journals in the category "Automation & Control Systems" and 32nd out of 61 journals in the category "Instruments & Instrumentation".

References

External links 
 

SAGE Publishing academic journals
Academic journals established in 1979
English-language journals
Engineering journals
Textile Research Journal. The Textile Research Journal is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers the field of materials science, especially as applying to textiles. The journal's editor is Dong Zhang. It was established in 1931 and is published by SAGE Publications.

Abstracting and indexing 
The journal is abstracted and indexed in Scopus, and the Science Citation Index Expanded. According to the Journal Citation Reports, its 2020 impact factor is 1.820, ranking it 9th out of 25 journals in the category "Materials Science, Textiles".

References

External links 
 

SAGE Publishing academic journals
English-language journals
Materials science journals
Academic journals established in 1931
Textile journals
Atlantic Steel. The Atlantic Steel Company was a steel company in Atlanta, Georgia with a large steel mill on the site of today's Atlantic Station multi-use complex.

Atlantic Steel's history dated back to 1901 when it was founded as the Atlanta Hoop Company, with 120 employees, and which produced cotton bale ties and barrel hoops. It became the Atlanta Steel Company, and then in December 1915, the Atlantic Steel Company.

From 1908 to 1922 Thomas K. Glenn was the company's president. A replica of his office exists at the Millennium Gate museum in Atlantic Station.

By 1952, the plant had 2,100 employees and was producing not only hoops and ties, but also "poultry and field fence, barbed wire, angles, round bars, channels, tees, handrail, reinforcing bars, nails, rivets, welding rods, shackles, [forgings] and fence posts".

The plant's "deep-throated" steam whistle was named "Mr. Tom", after Tom Glenn, an early president of the company.

By 1958, the impact of foreign steel competition pushed smaller steel producers like Atlantic Steel to speak to the United States House Committee on Ways and Means in a request for intervention. Atlantic Steel had only produced 37% of its capacity for steel production in 1958.

In 1979, the Ivaco company of Montreal, Quebec, Canada acquired Atlantic Steel. Operations were partially shut down in the 1980s as competition from home and abroad intensified.

In 1997, of the 1,400 employees in 1979, there were only 400 remaining.

In 1998, Jacoby Development purchased the complex for about US$76 million, tore down the complex, cleaned up the site and built Atlantic Station in its place.

References

External links
 1998-9 images of Atlantic Steel
 "The Atlantic Steel Company", Atlantic Station Living
 

History of Atlanta
Ironworks and steel mills in the United States
Steel companies of the United States
Demolished buildings and structures in Atlanta
Industrial landmarks in Atlanta
Buildings and structures demolished in 1998
Bit-length. Bit length or bit width is the number of binary digits, called bits, necessary to represent an unsigned integer as a binary number. Formally, the bit length of a natural number  is

where  is the binary logarithm and  is the ceiling function.

At their most fundamental level, digital computers and telecommunications devices (as opposed to analog devices) process data that is encoded in binary format. The binary format expresses data as an arbitrary length series of values with one of two choices: Yes/No, 1/0, True/False, etc., all of which can be expressed electronically as On/Off. For information technology applications, the amount of information being processed is an important design consideration. The term bit length is technical shorthand for this measure.

For example, computer processors are often designed to process data grouped into words of a given length of bits (8 bit, 16 bit, 32 bit, 64 bit, etc.). The bit length of each word defines, for one thing, how many memory locations can be independently addressed by the processor. In cryptography, the key size of an algorithm is the bit length of the keys used by that algorithm, and it is an important factor of an algorithm's strength.

References

Binary arithmetic
Computer arithmetic
Wendell Phillips Norton Sr.. Wendell Phillips Norton Sr. (May 14, 1861 – August 8, 1955) was the inventor of a mechanical gear shift on the Hendy-Norton lathe.

Biography
He was born on May 14, 1861, in Plainville, Connecticut, to John Calvin Norton and Harriet Hotchkiss. He died on August 8, 1955, at his home in Torrington, Connecticut.

References

1861 births
1955 deaths
American inventors
People from Plainville, Connecticut
People from Torrington, Connecticut
Gregoryite. Gregoryite is an anhydrous carbonate mineral that is rich in potassium and sodium with the chemical formula .  It is one of the two main ingredients of natrocarbonatite, found naturally in the lava of Ol Doinyo Lengai volcano of Arusha Region, Tanzania, and the other being nyerereite.

Because of its anhydrous nature, gregoryite reacts quickly with the environment, causing the dark lava to be converted to white substance within hours.

Gregoryite was first described in 1980 and named after the British geologist and author John Walter Gregory (1864–1932), who studied the East African Rift Valley. It occurs associated with nyerereite, alabandite, halite, sylvite, fluorite and calcite.

References

Calc-alkaline rocks
Hexagonal minerals
Minerals in space group 186
Carbonate minerals
Volcanology
Aeronautical Institute of Bangladesh. The Aeronautical Institute of Bangladesh () or AIB is an aviation school in Bangladesh. AIB is the first private aeronautical institute in Bangladesh. The institute is under the Civil Aviation Authority of Bangladesh and governed by the Bangladesh Technical Education Board and Civil Aviation Authority of Bangladesh.

History
AIB was established in 1999. The institute started its program from Sector-4, Uttara Model Town, Dhaka. Now it is situated in  Sector-13, Uttara Model Town, Dhaka-1230.

The institute received in 2004 approval from both Bangladesh Technical Education Board and Civil Aviation Authority of Bangladesh.

The AIB is run by the College Code – 50158 and is the only Civil Aviation Authority of Bangladesh-approved private aviation training institute in Bangladesh.

Campus

AIB is located at Uttara Model Town near to Hazrat Shajalal International Airport, in Sector-13, Road no. 01, in front of lake.

Courses
The institute offers 4 year Diploma in Aircraft Maintenance Engineering with following specializations:  
 Aerospace  
 Avionics

It also offers the following basic and refresher courses:
 Airworthiness Legislation
 Human Performance and Limitations
 Rotorcraft Short Course
 Piston Engine Short Course
 AC Power Short Course
 DC Power Short Course
 Airworthiness Legislation Refresher
 Airframe Refresher
 Turbine Engine Refresher
 DC Power & AC Power Refresher
 General Aircraft Instrument & Integrated Flight Systems Refresher
 Human Performance and Limitations Refresher
 Basic Radio - Radar Refresher

♦ Special Course: 
 Aviation Management 
 Cabin Crew & Air Hostage
 Reservations & e-Ticketing
 Travel and Tourism

Lab and workshop
The institute has a well-designed and -equipped electrical lab, high-speed WiFi computer lab, electronics and digital lab, instrumentation lab, power plant shop, general workshop, airframe workshop, component shop and tools store.

Library and Cyber Center
AIB library has 2,000+ books and magazines and journals. This Institute has well designed a cyber center for Information Technology.

Students organizations

 AIB Alumni Association - AAA
 AIB Aeromodeling Club

See also 
List of aerospace engineering schools
Dhaka Polytechnic Institute

References

External links
 
Civil Aviation Authority of Bangladesh
Technical Education Board

Educational institutions in Uttara
Vocational education in Bangladesh
Aviation in Bangladesh
Colleges in Dhaka District
Aerospace engineering organizations
Educational institutions established in 1999
1999 establishments in Bangladesh
Ferroelectric ceramics. Ferroelectric ceramics is a special group of minerals that have ferroelectric properties: the strong dependence of the dielectric constant of temperature, electrical field, the presence of hysteresis and others.

The first widespread ferroelectric ceramics material, which had ferroelectric properties not only in the form of a single crystal, but in the polycrystalline state, i.e. in the form of ceramic barium titanate was BaO•TiO2, which is important now. Add to it some m-Liv not significantly change its properties. A significant nonlinearity of capacitance capacitor having ferroelectric ceramics materials, so-called varikondy, types of VC-1 VC-2, VC-3 and others.

Ferroelectric ceramics are used in capacitors, sensors, actuators, non-volatile memory, and medical devices due to their ability to maintain and reverse electric polarization. Due to their piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties, they are also used in energy harvesting, infrared detectors, and ultrasonic transducers. Additionally, they are employed in RF filters, electro-optic devices, and various energy-efficient applications.

References 

 Гірничий енциклопедичний словник: в 3 т. / За ред. В. С. Білецького. — Донецьк: Східний видавничий дім, 2001–2004. 

Materials science
Ceramic materials
Ferroelectric materials
Luminex Corporation. Luminex Corporation is a biotechnology company which develops, manufactures and markets proprietary biological testing technologies with applications in life-sciences.



Background
Luminex's Multi-Analyte Profiling (xMAP) technology allows simultaneous analysis of up to 500 bioassays from a small sample volume, typically a single drop of fluid, by reading biological tests on the surface of microscopic polystyrene beads called microspheres.

The  xMAP technology combines this miniaturized liquid array bioassay capability with small lasers, light emitting diodes (LEDs), digital signal processors, photo detectors, charge-coupled device imaging and proprietary software to create a system offering advantages in speed, precision, flexibility and cost. The technology is currently being used within various segments of the life sciences industry, which includes the fields of drug discovery and development, and for clinical diagnostics, genetic analysis, bio-defense, food safety and biomedical research.

The Luminex MultiCode technology is used for real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and multiplexed PCR assays. Luminex Corporation owns 315 issued patents worldwide, including over 124 issued patents in the United States based on its multiplexing xMAP platform.

References

External links

 

Immunology organizations
Biological techniques and tools
Companies based in Austin, Texas
Life sciences industry
Companies formerly listed on the Nasdaq
Biotechnology companies of the United States
2021 mergers and acquisitions
American subsidiaries of foreign companies
Gearing. Gearing may refer to:

Engineering
Gear ratio
Mechanical advantage
Gear train, an arrangement of gears

Military
Gearing family, whose members served in the US Navy
USS Gearing (DD-710), a destroyer of the US Navy
Gearing-class destroyer, a group of destroyers in the US Navy

Other uses
Leverage (finance), also known as gearing
Ashley Gearing (born 1991), country music singer
Chris Gearing (born 1986), British strongman

See also
Gear (disambiguation)
Internal security vehicle. An internal security vehicle (ISV), also known as an armored security vehicle (ASV), is an armored car or armored personnel carrier used for supporting contingency operations.

Design 
Internal security vehicles are typically armed with a turreted heavy machine gun and auxiliary medium machine gun. The vehicle is designed to minimize firepower dead space and the vehicle's weapons can be depressed to a maximum of 12°. Less-lethal water cannons and tear gas cannons can provide suppressive fire in lieu of unnecessary deadly fire.

The vehicle must be protected against weapons typical of riots. Protection from incendiary devices is achieved through coverage of the air intake and exhaust ports as well as a strong locking mechanism on the fuel opening. Turret and door locks prevent access to the interior of the vehicle by rioters. Vision blocks, ballistic glass and window shutters and outside surveillance cameras allow protected observation from within the vehicle.

Wheeled 4×4 and 6×6 configurations are typical of security vehicles. Tracked security vehicles are often cumbersome and leave negative political connotations for being perceived as an imperial invading force .

Gallery

References

See also
 Armored car (military)
 SWAT vehicle

Internal security vehicles
Paramilitary vehicles
Ivan K. Fong. Ivan Kenneth Fong (born August 3, 1961) is an American attorney who was general counsel for the Department of Homeland Security.  He was general counsel of 3M company from October 2012 until February 2022, when he became executive vice president, general counsel and secretary at Medtronic.

Education
Fong earned a bachelor's in chemical engineering and a master's in chemical engineering practice from Massachusetts Institute of Technology.  He went on to Stanford Law School where he was President of the Stanford Law Review and graduated with a juris doctor with honors in 1987.  He was awarded a Fulbright Scholarship and studied at Oxford, earning a Bachelor of Civil Law (a graduate degree) with first class honours.

Career
He was a law clerk to Judge Abner J. Mikva of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit and then became a clerk to Justice Sandra Day O'Connor of the United States Supreme Court from 1989 to 1990.

In the private sector, he was general counsel of GE Vendor Financial Services and later joined Cardinal Health in 2005 as chief legal officer.  A National Law Journal profile credits him with reorganizing the legal department of Cardinal and clearing a docket swamped by two dozen major lawsuits.

He was sworn in as general counsel of Homeland Security in May 2009.

He was hired as Senior Vice President, Legal Affairs and General Counsel of The 3M Company, on October 15, 2012.

See also
 List of law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States (Seat 8)

References

External links
 Full bio 3M
 
Archived Homeland Security Bio

1961 births
Alumni of the University of Oxford
American lawyers of Chinese descent
Law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States
Lawyers who have represented the United States government
Living people
MIT School of Engineering alumni
Lawyers from New York City
Stanford Law School alumni
Digital embossing. Digital embossing is a digital printing technology enhancement process. Digital embossing eliminates the need for printing plates, molds, chemicals, and solvents. The process emits no pollutants or waste and reduces energy use. The high resolution inkjet technology enables selective coating with variable thickness and stampless embossing. Digital embossing allows for on-demand printing of as few as one item in thousands of copies.

Digital embossing was invented by Scodix, an Israel-based startup company that produces equipment for print enhancement applications in the commercial and packaging industries. Digital embossing enhancement technology was first unveiled at IPEX 2010 on the Scodix1200™ UV DigitalEmbossing™ press.

Digital embossing can be specified by different print modes.

Preparation
The preparation for digital embossing requires an additional black separation from the image. The accuracy of the process (each sheet is registered optically before printing) enables embossing of complex shapes.

Production time
Digital embossing typically adds two minutes to printing production time.

See also
 Embossing

References

External links
 Visutech to distribute first digital UV embossing press in Nordic Countries - WhatTheyThink, PR, 14 April 2010
 Richard Romano, "Could Happy Days Be Here Again? Optimism at Ipex Portends Potential Industry Renaissance", 20 May 2010
PodCs - Free POD Upload Tool & Trends Niches Research Print On Demand Upload Automation Platform, 1 April 2022

Digital press
Printing processes
Appeal Virtual Machines. Appeal Virtual Machines was a Swedish company created in 1998 by students from the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm. They were mainly known for their JRockit Java Virtual Machine.

They were acquired in 2002 by BEA Systems, who became part of Oracle Corporation in 2008.

As of 2010, some of the company founders still worked for Oracle.

References

BEA Systems
Oracle software
Companies based in Stockholm
Companies established in 1998
1998 establishments in Sweden