omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Lansing Hoskins Beach. Lansing Beach (June 18, 1860 – April 2, 1945) was a U.S. Army officer who served for a time as Chief of Engineers.

Early life
Born in Dubuque, Iowa, Beach graduated third in a class of thirty-seven in the United States Military Academy (USMA) class of 1882 and was commissioned in the Corps of Engineers of the United States Army. Among his classmates there at the academy were several men who would, like Beach himself, eventually attain the rank of brigadier general or higher during their military careers, such as Edward Burr, Adelbert Cronkhite, John T. Thompson, Charles Treat, Edward A. Millar, Richard W. Young, Benjamin Alvord Jr., George W. McIver, Henry T. Allen, William H. Sage, and Thomas B. Dugan, and William H. Allaire.

Military career
Beach developed plans for the reconstruction of the Muskingum River locks and dams soon after Ohio ceded the state-built improvements to the federal government in 1887. From 1894 to 1901 he worked on public improvements in the District of Columbia, serving as Engineer Commissioner there in 1898–1901. As Detroit District Engineer in 1901–05, he oversaw harbor improvements as far west as Duluth. Beach supervised improvements along the Louisiana Gulf Coast in 1908–12 and in Baltimore in 1912–15. He also oversaw the entire Gulf Division in six of those seven years and the Central Division in 1915–20. In the latter capacity and as Chief of Engineers, he oversaw construction of the huge Wilson Locks and Dam on the Tennessee River. Beach also served on the Mississippi River Commission and the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors. After his four-year tour as Chief of Engineers, he retired on June 18, 1924. After retirement, General Beach served as consulting engineer for various business interests in the United States and Mexico. He was President of the American Society of Military Engineers, and a member of the International Water Commission from 1924 to 1930.

Beach died in Pasadena, California on April 2, 1945. He was interred at Arlington National Cemetery beside his wife Anna May (Dillon) Beach (1861–1934) on January 29, 1946.

References

This article contains public domain text from

1860 births
1945 deaths
People from Dubuque, Iowa
United States Military Academy alumni
Military personnel from Iowa
19th-century United States Army personnel
United States Army Corps of Engineers personnel
Members of the Board of Commissioners for the District of Columbia
United States Army generals of World War I
United States Army Corps of Engineers Chiefs of Engineers
United States Army generals
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
William Murray Black. William Murray Black (December 8, 1855 – September 24, 1933) was a career officer in the United States Army, noted for his ability to organize and train young engineers.

Biography

Black, born in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, graduated first in the United States Military Academy class of 1877 and was commissioned in the Corps of Engineers. From 1886 to 1891 Black headed the Jacksonville District, and in 1897-98 he was the Engineer Commissioner on the governing board of the District of Columbia. In the Spanish–American War, he was Chief Engineer, 3d and 5th Army Corps. As Chief Engineer under Generals William Ludlow and Leonard Wood (1899–1901), and six years later as advisor to the Cuban Department of Public Works, he modernized Havana's sanitary system. As commandant of the Army Engineer School (1901–03), Black moved it from the Fort at Willets Point, New York to Washington Barracks, D.C. After his return from Cuba in 1909, he was Northeast Division Engineer and chairman of a board to raise the battleship . Devoted to training young engineer officers in the art of war, General Black's greatest responsibility came as Chief of Engineers during World War I in mobilizing and training some 300,000 engineer troops for a wide range of military engineering tasks. For this work he was awarded the Army Distinguished Service Medal, the citation for which reads:

He retired October 31, 1919, and died in Washington, D.C., on September 24, 1933.  He is buried at West Point Cemetery.

Legacy
The , launched July 1943, was named in his honor as was the dustpan dredge William M. Black.

References

Bibliography

External links
This article contains public domain text from

United States Army Corps of Engineers Chiefs of Engineers
1855 births
1933 deaths
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
United States Army generals of World War I
United States Army generals
19th-century United States Army personnel
American military personnel of the Spanish–American War
United States Military Academy alumni
Members of the Board of Commissioners for the District of Columbia
Burials at West Point Cemetery
People from Lancaster, Pennsylvania
19th-century American engineers
20th-century American engineers
Engineers from Pennsylvania
Military personnel from Pennsylvania
Harry Taylor (engineer). Harry Taylor (June 26, 1862January 27, 1930) was a U.S. Army officer who fought in World War I, and who served for a time as Chief of Engineers.

Early life
Taylor was born in Tilton, New Hampshire, and graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1884 and commissioned in the Corps of Engineers.

Military career
After serving in engineer offices in Wilmington, North Carolina, and New York City, Taylor served from 1891 to 1900 on fortifications and rivers and harbors construction work in Oregon and Washington. Later he pursued similar work in New England and New York. Transferred to the Philippines, he supervised all fortification work there in 1904–05. Taylor was district engineer in New London, Connecticut, from  1906 to 1911. He then headed the River and Harbor Division in the Office of the Chief of Engineers for five years.

During World War I he served as chief engineer, American Expeditionary Forces in France (mid-1917 to mid-1918). In this capacity he supervised the construction of railways, barracks, wharves, and shelters throughout France. Taylor was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal and the French Légion d'honneur (Legion of Honor).

After serving as assistant chief of engineers six years, he was named major general, Chief of Engineers, on June 19, 1924. Wilson Dam was completed during his tenure.  General Taylor retired June 26, 1926. He died from pneumonia on January 27, 1930, in Washington, D.C., and was buried in Arlington National Cemetery.

In 1943, the navy transport ship USS General Harry Taylor (AP-145) was named in his honor.

References

 (Contains public domain text from this source.)
 (Contains public domain text from this source.)

External links

1862 births
1930 deaths
United States Army Corps of Engineers personnel
Military personnel from New Hampshire
United States Army generals of World War I
United States Army generals
19th-century United States Army personnel
United States Military Academy alumni
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
Deaths from pneumonia in Washington, D.C.
People from Tilton, New Hampshire
United States Army Corps of Engineers Chiefs of Engineers
American expatriates in the Philippines
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
William R. Fairchild International Airport. William R. Fairchild International Airport  is a public airport located within the city limits of Port Angeles in Clallam County, Washington, United States. It is  northwest of the central business district of Port Angeles, near the Strait of Juan de Fuca. The airport is owned by the Port of Port Angeles.

History
The airport was developed from 1934 through 1948 by the Works Progress Administration, the U.S. Army and the 
U.S. Navy. It was named Clallam County Municipal Landing Field when ownership was given to Clallam County in 1948. Three years later the county transferred the airport to the Port of Port Angeles. In 1953, William R. Fairchild started the Angeles Flying Service and became the first airport supervisor. The airport was renamed in his honor in September 1969, following his death in an aircraft accident earlier in the year.

Facilities and aircraft
William R. Fairchild International Airport covers an area of  at an elevation of  above mean sea level. It has two asphalt paved runways: 

 8/26 measuring   
 13/31 measuring   

The primary runway is operated with an instrument landing system and can handle aircraft up to an Airbus A319.

For the 12-month period ending December 31, 2018, the airport had 25,158 aircraft operations, an average of 69 per day: 79% general aviation, 20% air taxi, and <1% military. At that time there were 66 aircraft based at this airport: 91% single-engine, 4.5% multi-engine, 1.5% jet, and 3% helicopter.

Fairchild Airport is also home to Port Angeles' Civil Air Patrol squadron.

Airlines and destinations

Cargo

See also
 List of airports in Washington
 Washington World War II Army Airfields

References

External links
 Port of Port Angeles: William R. Fairchild International Airport
 Dash Air Shuttle
 WSDOT Pilot's Guide: Wm. R. Fairchild International (PDF 59 kb)
 WSDOT Economic Impacts: William R. Fairchild International (PDF 434 kb)
 Aerial photo from USGS The National Map
 

Airports in Washington (state)
Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces in Washington (state)
Transportation buildings and structures in Clallam County, Washington
Works Progress Administration in Washington (state)
Winding stick. In woodworking and carpentry, a pair of winding sticks is a tool that aids in viewing twist (also known as wind) in pieces of lumber by amplifying the defect. Winding sticks can be as simple as any two straight sticks or they can be elegant, decorated, dimensionally stable wood like mahogany. A pair of framing squares may also be suitable. Traditionally they are  to  long,  tall and tapered in their height from  to . The longer the winding sticks, the more they will amplify the wind. It is common for a woodworker to make a matching pair for the purpose, and contrasting colors of woods improve the discernability of differences in level between the two sticks as they are compared.

One winding stick is placed on one end of the piece and the second winding stick is placed on the other end, parallel in plan view to the first. The woodworker then stands back a short distance and sights across the top of the two sticks. If the surface on which the sticks are sitting is flat (in the same plane), the top edges of the two sticks can be seen to be aligned and parallel to each other; even small amounts of misalignment can easily be seen using this method.. Adjustments to the surface of the board are then made (e.g., with a hand plane) if correction is necessary. This process is repeated all across the piece until the piece is satisfactorily true. Longitudinally the piece is checked with a straightedge.

Winding sticks are generally planed parallel back to back to ensure they are true; this is why it is important to use the sticks with the inlay facing one another. They are not dependent on being the same height along their length; the critical element is that they are parallel to each other and then used in that configuration.

Every workshop has a different climate, and it is advisable to check from time to time that a pair of sticks are still true. If it is found that they require adjustment, it is a straightforward task to correct. Firstly the soles are checked to be flat; a long shooting board is recommended for the job. Next align both sticks either back to back or face to face, whichever is easiest to secure, then take light passes over the tops with a hand plane until even shavings are produced from both sticks. They are now parallel.

References

Woodworking measuring instruments
William Trent Rossell. William Trent Rossell (1849–1919) was the Engineer Commissioner of the District of Columbia.

Biography
He was born in Mount Vernon, Alabama on October 11, 1849, the son and grandson of Army officers, and he graduated third in the United States Military Academy class of 1873.   Commissioned in the Corps of Engineers, he served until 1880 at Willets Point and as Assistant Professor of Engineering at the Military Academy.   He then engaged in river, harbor, and fortification work in regions around Portland, Maine; Jacksonville, Florida; and Vicksburg, Mississippi.   Rossell served in 1891-93 as the Engineer Commissioner on the three-member governing board of the District of Columbia.   After briefly commanding the Battalion of Engineers, he led Mobile District for six years.   He then supervised lighthouse construction and repair in the New York area and, later, Ohio River improvements.   He was a member of the Mississippi River Commission from 1906 to 1913, as well as Central Division Engineer in 1908-09 and Eastern Division Engineer in 1909–13.   He retired October 11, 1913, but was recalled to active service in 1917.   He led the Third New York and Puerto Rico districts and was Northeast Division Engineer.   He again retired in 1918.   He died October 11, 1919, in New Brighton, New York.

References

This article contains public domain text from 

1849 births
1919 deaths
People from Mobile County, Alabama
United States Army generals
United States Military Academy alumni
Members of the Board of Commissioners for the District of Columbia
Burials at the Congressional Cemetery
United States Army Corps of Engineers personnel
Military personnel from Alabama
United States Army generals of World War I
19th-century United States Army personnel
Dan Christie Kingman. Dan Christie Kingman (March 6, 1852 – November 14, 1916) was an officer in the United States Army who served as Chief of Engineers from 1913 to 1916.

Early life
Kingman was born in Dover, New Hampshire on March 6, 1852. His father was John William Kingman (1821–1903), and his mother was Mary Spaulding Christie (1825-
1866). His 7th great-grandparents were
Mayflower passengers John Howland and Elizabeth Tilley, and his 5th great-grandfather was Mayflower passenger Resolved White.
He was married to Eugenia Jennings (1852-
1930), with whom he had four sons: Dan Christie Kingman Jr. (1879–1918), Colonel Ralph Willcox Kingman (1880–1950), Brigadier General John Jennings Kingman (1882–1948), and Lieutenant Frederick Eustis Kingman (1888–1915).

Military career
Entering the United States Military Academy, Kingman graduated second in the class of 1875 and was commissioned in the Corps of Engineers.  He served as an instructor at the Military Academy and as the engineer officer of the Army's Department of the Platte based at Fort Omaha. In 1883, he began the construction of roads and bridges in the new Yellowstone National Park. Kingman Pass on the Grand Loop Road between Mammoth Hot Springs and Norris is named for him.

Kingman directed improvements along the lower Mississippi River in 1886-90 and received the thanks of the Louisiana legislature for "splendid service rendered" during the 1890 flood. He oversaw harbor and fortification work on Lake Ontario in 1891-95 and improvements on the Tennessee River in the last half of that decade. In the latter assignment he initiated planning for federal cost-sharing with private hydroelectric-power investors for a lock and dam built below Chattanooga. Kingman oversaw substantial harbor improvements at Cleveland in 1901-05 and headed the Corps' Savannah District and Southeast Division in 1906–13. The Panama Canal was completed while he was Chief of Engineers. He retired from the army on March 6, 1916.

Later life
Kingman died November 14, 1916, in Atlantic City, New Jersey. He was buried with high military honors in Arlington National Cemetery. Among the pallbearers were Chief of Staff General Hugh L. Scott and two former Chiefs of Engineers, Generals Mackenzie and Bixby.

See also

 Kingman Pass
 North Entrance Road Historic District
 Kingman Island
 Kingman Park
 Kingman Lake
 Battery Kingman

Notes

This article contains public domain text from

Further reading

1852 births
United States Army generals
1916 deaths
United States Military Academy alumni
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
People from Dover, New Hampshire
United States Army Corps of Engineers personnel
Military administration of Yellowstone National Park
Military personnel from New Hampshire
United States Military Academy faculty
19th-century United States Army personnel
20th-century United States Army personnel
Host signal processing. Host signal processing (HSP) is a term used in computing to describe hardware such as a modem or printer which is emulated (to various degrees) in software. Intel refers to the technology as native signal processing (NSP). HSP replaces dedicated DSP or ASIC hardware by using the general purpose CPU of the host computer.

Modems using HSP are known as winmodems (a term trademarked by 3COM / USRobotics, but genericized) or softmodems. Printers using HSP are known as GDI printers (after the MS Windows GDI software interface), winprinters (named after winmodems) or softprinters.

The Apple II Disk II floppy drive used the host CPU to process drive control signals, instead of a microcontroller. This instance of HSP predates the usage of the terms HSP and NSP.

In the mid- to late-1990s, Intel pursued native signal processing technology to improve multimedia handling. According to testimony by Intel, Microsoft opposed development of NSP because the technology could reduce the necessity of the Microsoft Windows operating system. Intel claims to have terminated development of NSP because of threats from Microsoft.

See also
 Bit banging

References

Computing terminology
Digital signal processing
Marking gauge. A marking gauge, also known as a scratch gauge, is used in woodworking and metalworking to mark out lines for cutting or other operations. The purpose of the gauge is to scribe a line parallel to a reference edge or surface. It is used in joinery and sheetmetal operations.

The gauge consists of a beam, a headstock, and a scribing or marking implement, typically a pin, knife, pen or wheel. The headstock slides along the beam, and is locked in place by various means: a locking screw, cam lever, or a wedge. The marking implement is fixed to one end of the beam.

Types
The marking implement is chosen depending upon the operation to be performed. Some marking gauges have the capability to allow a number of implements to be fitted, others do not; and a woodworker will often have a number of different types. A steel pin is used when scribing with the grain. A steel knife is used when scribing across the grain. The pen or pencil is used when the woodworker does not wish the surface to be marred. Generally speaking, the pin and knife yield more accurate marking than do the pen or pencil. It is also used to mark parallel lines to the face side and edge side.

Variations
The style of gauge which uses a knife instead of a pin is often described as a cutting gauge. This tool is sometimes used to slightly "mark" the wood before a cut to prevent tearout later when doing the main cut with for example a circular saw.
Other variations include a panel gauge which has a longer beam and larger headstock for scribing lines that are further from the reference edge. A mortise gauge has two pins that can be adjusted relative to each other at the end of the beam. This gauge is used to scribe two lines simultaneously and is most commonly used to lay out mortise and tenon joinery.

References

Metalworking measuring instruments
Woodworking measuring instruments
Uranium rhodium germanium. Uranium rhodium germanium (URhGe) is the first discovered metal that becomes superconducting in the presence of an extremely strong electromagnetic field. Very unlike other superconducting materials, whose superconducting properties can be lost due to strong magnetic fields, uranium rhodium germanium actually regains superconducting abilities at about 8 teslas.

Process
URhGe's critical temperature (Tc) is normally about 280 millikelvins.

The Grenoble team in France, headed by Andrew D. Huxley, first cooled down the sample below its critical temperature and raised the magnetic field to 2 T. As expected, the sample's superconducting properties vanished. However, when the team raised the magnetic field to 8 T, the superconducting behavior continued. The critical temperature at that field strength increased to about 400 millikelvins. The sample retained the superconducting state until 13 T. They also found that at 12 T, the URhGe sample experienced a magnetic phase transition.

References

Intermetallics
Superconductors
Correlated electrons
Alloys
Uranium compounds
Germanium compounds
Rhodium compounds
Rune Elmqvist. Rune Elmqvist (1 December 1906 – 15 December 1996) was a Swedish physician turned engineer who developed the first implantable pacemaker in 1958, working under the direction of Åke Senning, senior physician and cardiac surgeon at the Karolinska University Hospital in Solna, Sweden.

Elmqvist was born in Lund, and received his MD in 1939. Elmqvist initially worked as a medical doctor (having trained in Lund), but later worked as an engineer and inventor. In 1927 he developed an electronic potentiometer to measure pH and in 1931 he developed a multichannel electrocardiograph. In 1940 he joined the electronics firm Elema-Schönander which would later become Siemens-Elema. In 1948, he developed the first inkjet ECG printer which he called the mingograph while working at Elema-Schönander. The first pacemaker was developed in the 1950s and it was tested by Dr Senning on patient Arne Larsson at the request of the patient's wife. It was implanted in a surgery on October 8, 1958. The pacemaker was based on a single transistor and gave 2V pulses at intervals of 1.5 milliseconds to produce 70 heartbeats per minute. The first pacemaker worked for three hours only and then it had to be replaced and the second lasted for six weeks. The earliest pacemaker had been moulded with Araldite epoxy which was biocompatible inside a Kiwi shoe-polish container. Larsson needed nearly 30 pacemakers during his lifetime and he lived until 2001, outliving both Elmquist and his surgeon Dr Senning who died in 2000. In 1957, Elmquist received an honorary doctorate and in 1976 he received a gold medal of the Royal Academy of Technology and Science of Sweden.

In 1960, he became head of development at Elema-Schönander. Siemens-Elema's pacemaker operations were sold to the American company Pacesetter Systems in 1994, which was subsequently sold to St Jude Medical of Minnesota. His son Hakan Elmqvist became a professor of medical technology at the Karolinska Institute.

References

1906 births
1996 deaths
20th-century Swedish inventors
Lund University alumni
Swedish cardiac surgeons
20th-century surgeons
Intel Viiv. Viiv  was a platform initiative from Intel similar to Intel's Centrino and vPro. Initially (through release 1.7), it was a collection of computer technologies with a particular combination of Intel ingredients to support a "media PC" concept.  Intel also provided the Media Server as the core software stack on the PC to support "media" distribution through the home.

Marketing 
Until 2007, Viiv was Intel's attempt to become the center of electronic-based home entertainment. Intel was repeating the marketing model for the very successful Centrino platform, which was their first branded platform. The Intel Viiv brand has been "de-emphasized" and comes after the CPU branding, similar to that of "Core 2 with Viiv inside", putting more focus on the CPU.

There will be no additional releases beyond 1.7.1 of the media server product.

Media discussion

News and reviews 
 PC Pro: behind the badge, conclusive look at Viiv 1.5
 Slashdot: Viiv 1.5 May End Traditional Media PCs
 Engadget: Intel VIIV says no thank you to DRM
 Ars technica:Intel pimps Viiv with a baker's dozen of major partners
 Digitimes: Intel looking to develop Linux version of Viiv to reduce costs

Criticism 
 Bit Tech: Why Intel's DRM strategy is flawed
 Inquirer: Intel Viiv is stupid and broken
 Inquirer: Intel's Viiv is an embarrassment

Intel corporate links 
 Intel's official Viiv (Core2 Processor with Viiv Technology) website

See also 
 Intel Core 2
 Intel vPro
 Centrino
 Vixs

References 

Viiv
Consumer electronics
Intel Viiv
Computer-related introductions in 2007