omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
R4. R4, R04, R.4, R-4, or R/4 may refer to:

Military

Aircraft
 Caudron R.4, World War I French reconnaissance aircraft, first flown in 1915
 Curtiss R-4, air ambulance version of the American Curtiss Model R utility aircraft, first flown in 1915
 Sikorsky R-4, American helicopter, first flown in 1942

Ships
 , Royal Canadian Navy destroyer
 , U.S. Navy submarine

Weapons
 R4 assault rifle, produced by South African manufacturer Vektor
 Remington R4 carbine, assault rifle used by the Philippine Marine Corps
 Bisnovat R-4, Soviet missile

Other military
 Plan R 4, the World War II British plan for an invasion of the neutral state of Norway in April 1940

Science
 R4, designation of risk phrase "Forms very sensitive explosive metallic compounds"
 R4 nuclear reactor, the fourth nuclear reactor built in Sweden
 Exotic R4, in mathematics, a differentiable manifold

Transportation

Cars
 R4, abbreviation for rear-engine, four-wheel drive layout
 R4, a sub-class of Group R rally cars
 Jaguar R4, Jaguar Racing's car for the 2003 Formula One season
 McRae R4, a rally car designed in part by Colin McRae
 Renault R4, alternative name for the Renault 4
 Suzuki GSX-R/4, a concept car made by Suzuki in 2001

Roads
 R4 ring road in Ghent, Belgium
 R4 expressway (Czech Republic)
 R4 expressway (Slovakia)
 R-4 motorway (Spain)
 R4 road (Zimbabwe), a road connecting Harare and Nyamapanda
 Radial Road 4 or R-4, an arterial road of Manila, Philippines

Other transportation
 R4 (Canberra), a bus route in Canberra, Australia
 R4 (New York City Subway car)
 R4 (RER Vaud), an S-Bahn line in the canton of Vaud
 R4 (Rodalies de Catalunya), a commuter rail line in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
 R4 41st Avenue RapidBus, an express bus service in Vancouver, BC, Canada

Video games
 R4: Ridge Racer Type 4, a racing game for Sony PlayStation, developed by Namco
 Rush Rush Rally Racing, a racing game for Sega Dreamcast, developed by Senile Team
 R4 cartridge, a Nintendo DS flash cartridge

Other uses
 BBC Radio 4 the premier BBC speech radio station
 R4, a building in the Norwegian Government quarter (Norw. Regjeringskvartalet)
 Region 4, the DVD region code for most of Mexico, Central America, South America, Australia, New Zealand, Oceania

See also 
 4R (disambiguation)
Windows ChallengE. Windows ChallengE was a programming competition run by Microsoft Corporation. The contest is composed of teams of 3 or 4 students at colleges/universities from around the world, along with a faculty mentor. The only requirement of the contest is that the teams utilize the hardware provided to them (an eBoxII from ICOPTech), as well as build a customized image of the Windows CE operating system.

The first Windows ChallengE was held in 2004, consisting of less than 30 teams within the United States. The goal was to use Windows CE to "Make the World a Safer Place". James Madison University won the contest, led by students Marcus O'Malley, Joshua Blake, Justin Creasy and Kevin Ferrell.  Computer science professor Ramon A. Mata-Toledo served as team adviser. Their winning project was an airport security checkpoint device designed to help protect the millions of people who fly daily. The mobile handheld device collects information from a passenger's boarding pass and uses a chemical sniffer to sense and identify potential high-security risks posed by baggage or passengers.

In 2005, it was opened to the rest of the world. 278 teams from all over the world participated. The winner of the 2005 contest was the team from the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT), Australia, with the "EverGreen" project.

In 2006 more than 300 teams registered for the contest. The final was held in Redmond, WA, at the Microsoft Campus. In the finals only 20 teams participated, among which only 12 made it to the last day of the competition. The 44Tech team of Romania won the contest with their project "Forest Watcher". That team was composed of Cristian Pop, Ioana Bratie, Omar Choudary and Mircea Gheorghe.

In 2007 the contest became part of the Imagine Cup. Imagine Cup is a bigger competition, also organized by Microsoft, which is composed of several competition tracks, including algorithms, photography, embedded software.

References

Microsoft events
Shunt. Shunt may refer to:

 Shunt (medical), a hole or passage allowing fluid to move from one part of the body to another
 Shunt (electrical), a device allowing electric current to pass around a point in a circuit
 Shunt, a British term for rear-end collision of road vehicles
 Shunt (railway operations), sorting items of rolling stock into trains, also called "switching"
 Shunt (sailing), a maneuver for sailing upwind on reversible single-outrigger boats
 Shunt (theatre company), an experimental theatre company based in London
 Shunt, an alternative metabolic pathway
 Shunt, a house robot in the TV series Robot Wars
Termination. Termination may refer to:

Science 

Termination (geomorphology), the period of time of relatively rapid change from cold, glacial conditions to warm interglacial condition
Termination factor, in genetics, part of the process of transcribing RNA
Termination type, in lithic reduction, a characteristic indicating the manner in which the distal end of a lithic flake detaches from a core
Chain termination, in chemistry, a chemical reaction which halts polymerization
Termination shock, in solar studies, a feature of the heliosphere
Terminating computation, in computer science
Termination analysis, a form of program analysis in computer science
Termination proof, a mathematical proof concerning the termination of a program
Termination (term rewriting), in particular for term rewriting systems

Technology
Electrical termination, ending a wire or cable properly to prevent interference
Termination of wires to a
Crimp connection
Electrical connector
Solder joint
Abort (computing), ending a processing activity

Other
Termination (album), by Japanese band 9mm Parabellum Bullet
Indian termination policy, U.S. government policy affecting status of Native Americans, implemented in 1953
Terminate with extreme prejudice, a euphemism for assassination
Abortion, as the termination of a pregnancy
"Termination", a song by Iron Butterfly on their 1968 album In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida
Cancellation (television), the termination of a television program
Termination of employment
Dismissal (employment), the termination of employment at a company

See also
 Extermination (disambiguation)
 Terminate (disambiguation)
 Terminator (disambiguation)
 Terminal (disambiguation)
 Terminus (disambiguation)
Acorn Network Computer. The Acorn Network Computer was a network computer (a type of thin client) designed and manufactured by Acorn Computers Ltd. It was the implementation of the Network Computer Reference Profile that Oracle Corporation commissioned Acorn to specify for network computers (for more detail on the history, see Acorn's Network Computer). Sophie Wilson of Acorn led the effort. It was launched in August 1996.

The NCOS operating system used in this first implementation was based on RISC OS and ran on ARM hardware.  Manufacturing obligations were achieved through a contract with Fujitsu subsidiary D2D.

In 1997, Acorn offered its designs at no cost to licensees of .

Hardware models

Original model
The NetStation was available in two versions, one with a modem for home use via a television, and a version with an Ethernet card for use in businesses and schools with VGA monitors and an on-site BSD Unix fileserver based on RiscBSD, an early ARM port of NetBSD. Both versions were upgradable, as the modem and Ethernet cards were replaceable "podules" (Acorn-format Eurocards). The home version was trialled in 1997/98 in conjunction with BT.

The  and  both used the  and supported PAL, NTSC and SVGA displays. They had identical specifications. The  used a StrongARM SA-110 200 MHz processor. The ARM7500-based DeskLite was launched in 1998.

StrongARM
Acorn continued to produce ARM-based designs, demonstrating its first StrongARM prototype in May 1996, and the  6 months later. This evolved into the CoNCord, launched in late 1997.

New markets
Further designs included the Set-top Box NC (), the , and the .

Later versions

The second generation Network Computer operating system was no longer based on RISC OS. NC Desktop, from Oracle subsidiary Network Computer Inc., instead combined NetBSD and the X Window System, featuring desktop windows whose contents were typically described using HTML, reminiscent of (but not entirely equivalent to) the use of Display PostScript in NeXTStep. The product ran on ARM, StrongARM and x86 architectures and could be run on traditional personal computers. NC Desktop was the recommended software solution for products based on the StrongARM-based Digital Network Appliance Reference Design (DNARD). Later NCs were produced based on the Intel Pentium architecture such as products from Accton Technology Corporation and UMAX Data Systems.

Usage
The NetStation was planned to ship with a smart card to enable internet banking.

See also
 Mac NC

References

External links
The Full Acorn Machine List: NC

Network Computer
Network computer (brand)
Warner-Jenkinson Co. v. Hilton Davis Chemical Co.. Warner-Jenkinson Company, Inc. v. Hilton Davis Chemical Co., 520 U.S. 17 (1997), was a United States Supreme Court decision in the area of patent law, affirming the continued vitality of the doctrine of equivalents while making some important refinements to the doctrine.

Facts
The plaintiff Hilton Davis Chemical Co., a dyemaker, had developed an "ultrafiltration" process to purify dyes. An amendment to the patent had specified that a solution used in the process must have a pH level between 6.0 and 9.0. The amendment was filed in order to clarify that this patent did not overlap with a previously patented process that used a solution with a pH level above 9.0 - however, the plaintiff was unable to explain why the amendment stated a lower level of 6.0. The defendant had developed a process using a solution with a pH level of 5.0, which was outside the range of the plaintiff's patent.

The plaintiff sued for infringement, conceding that the defendant's process did not literally infringe, but relying on the doctrine of equivalents to support the claim of infringement. The defendant argued that the doctrine of equivalents was no longer appropriate for courts to use because Congress had made some changes to the patent statute after the Supreme Court's 1950 decision establishing the propriety of using the doctrine.

Issue
Is the doctrine of equivalents still in force? How is the plaintiff's amendment to figure into the problem?

Result
The Court, in an opinion by Justice Clarence Thomas, held that the doctrine of equivalents had not been eliminated by changes to the patent statute. Instead, the Court determined that the United States Congress would have explicitly stated that they were eliminating the doctrine if that was their intent.
The Court enunciated a test for amendments, finding that if the plaintiff can prove the reason for the amendment was not to limit the patent, then infringement was still possible.
The case was remanded to the trial court to determine if the plaintiff could explain his lower pH limit.

Concurrence
Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg wrote a concurring opinion, in which Justice Anthony Kennedy joined, expressing some concern about whether patentees would have sufficient notice that they must explain the reasons for their amendments. Nevertheless, they agreed with the remand to the lower court to establish the plaintiff's reason for setting a lower limit.

See also
 List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 520
 List of United States Supreme Court cases
 Lists of United States Supreme Court cases by volume

References

External links
 

1997 in United States case law
United States patent case law
United States Supreme Court cases
United States Supreme Court cases of the Rehnquist Court
Robert Altenkirch. Robert A. Altenkirch was the President of University of Alabama in Huntsville and the New Jersey Institute of Technology.

Life
Altenkirch holds a B.S. from Purdue University, a M.S. from the University of California, Berkeley, and a Ph.D. from Purdue University, all in Mechanical Engineering.  He is the author of over 50 publications and nearly 100 presentations in combustion and heat transfer and served as principal investigator for ten Space Shuttle experiments investigating the spread of fire in reduced gravity.  He is a Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. While an undergraduate at Purdue, Altenkirch became a member of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity.

From 1988 to 1995, Altenkirch was professor of mechanical engineering and dean of the College of Engineering at Mississippi State University (MSU).  While dean of engineering at MSU, he led the effort to secure National Science Foundation (NSF) funding for the establishment of the MSU Engineering Research Center for Computational Field Simulation in 1990.  He also served as professor and chair of mechanical engineering at the University of Kentucky.  He served as professor of mechanical and materials engineering and dean of the College of Engineering and Architecture at Washington State University.

He was vice president for research at Mississippi State University. During his tenure as vice president, science and engineering expenditures, as reported to NSF, increased by 75 percent from 1997 to 2001. In addition to the research program, his responsibilities encompassed congressional relations, intellectual property management and economic development.

From 2003 until 2011, Altenkirch was the seventh president of the New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT). 

On September 21, 2011, Dr. Altenkirch was named the new president of the University of Alabama in Huntsville.  He retired from the position in June 2019.

References

External links
"Steve Adubato Talks with Dr. Jack Noonan and Dr. Robert Altenkirch"

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Purdue University College of Engineering alumni
UC Berkeley College of Engineering alumni
Washington State University faculty
University of Kentucky faculty
Mississippi State University faculty
New Jersey Institute of Technology people
Presidents of the University of Alabama in Huntsville
Government Engineering College, Thrissur. The Government Engineering College Thrissur (GEC-T) is a public engineering and research institute located in Thrissur, Kerala, India. During its establishment in 1957, it was the second-oldest public engineering institute to be established in the state of Kerala after CET (1939) and the first public institute of technology to be established after the formation of the state in 1956. The institute is affiliated to the APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University (KTU) since its inception in 2015.

History
The institute was originally located at the Chembukkavu campus of the Maharaja's Technological Institute in 1957. The foundation stone of the institute was laid by the late Pandit Jawarharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India, on 26 April 1958. The institute was shifted into its present campus in October 1960. The institute was formally inaugurated by late Pattom A. Thanu Pillai, former Chief Minister of Kerala, on 2 February 1962. The campus is spread over an area of  and is located at Ramavarmapuram which is 5 km from the centre of Thrissur and 6 km from Thrissur Railway station.

Besides the regular B-Tech courses, the institute also offers a postgraduate Course in Computer Applications (MCA), and postgraduate programmes in other subjects. Courses offered by the institute have been accredited by the National Board of Accreditation, AICTE, and Council of Architecture (B.Arch).

Rankings

The National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) ranked it between 201-300 band in engineering institutes of India in 2024.

Student life
The College Union conducts the annual National Level Tech fest Dyuthi which includes technical, cultural as well as sporting events.

A TEDx event was organised by students of GEC, Thrissur in April 2018. The theme of the event was "Reality Check". This was the first TEDx event in Central Kerala.

Notable alumni

 K Radhakrishnan, Padma Bhushan, Former Chairman, Indian Space Research Organisation
 Tessy Thomas, Head of Missile program Defence Research and Development Organisation
 M. Chandra Dathan, Padmashree, Former Director, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC)
 Babu Bharadwaj, writer and journalist
 T. G. Ravi, Malayalam film actor and MD of Suntec Tyres
 Anand Neelakantan, writer
 Sreekumaran Thampi, Lyricist, director, producer, screenwriter
 V. T. Balram, Former MLA, Kerala Legislative Assembly

References

External links

 

 
Engineering colleges in Thrissur
All India Council for Technical Education
Colleges affiliated to the University of Kerala
Colleges affiliated with the University of Calicut
APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University
1957  establishments in Kerala
Universities and colleges established in 1957
Douglas DT. The Douglas DT bomber was the Douglas Aircraft Company's first military contract, forging a link between the company and the United States Navy. Navy Contract No. 53305 of April 1, 1921, required only 18 pages to set out the specifications that resulted in the purchase of three DT (D for Douglas, T for torpedo) folding-wing aircraft.

The DT used a welded steel fuselage with aluminum covering the forward and center sections and fabric covering the rear section. Douglas built 46 DT-1 and DT-2 torpedo bombers for the U.S. Navy, Norwegian Navy, and Peruvian Navy. 20 DT-2 aircraft were built under license by the L-W-F Engineering Company Inc., six by the Naval Aircraft Factory (NAF), and 11 by the Dayton-Wright Company. Another seven were built for Norway under license by Marinens Flyvebåtfabrik. Although still in service when the Germans invaded Norway, the Norwegian DTs did not see action in the Norwegian Campaign. The DT could be fitted either with pontoons or wheeled landing gear and could carry a  torpedo.

The first flight was in November 1921 and production continued until 1929. The DT operated off the U.S. Navy's first aircraft carrier, , from land bases, and from seaplane tenders. Several were flown by the Marine Corps.

Variations of the DT-2 aircraft were designated DT-4, DT-5, DT-6, and DTB. Machines licence-built by Dayton-Wright were internally designated SDW by that company. The type became the basis for the Douglas World Cruiser.

Variants
DT-1 Preproduction prototypes; three built.

DT-2 Two-seat torpedo-bomber biplane, powered by a  Liberty V-12 piston engine; 64 built.
DT-3 Proposed version of the DT-2. Not built.
DT-4 Four DT-2s converted into bomber aircraft by the Naval Aircraft Factory. The aircraft were fitted with direct-drive Wright T-2 V-12 engines.
DT-5 Redesignation of two DT-4s fitted with a geared  Wright T-2B V-12 engine.
DT-6 One DT-2 aircraft fitted with a  Wright P-1 radial piston engine.
DT-2B This designation was given to one DT-2 aircraft supplied to the Norwegian government. Seven similar aircraft were built under licence in Norway.
DTB Export version for Peru. Four aircraft built for the Peruvian navy, fitted with  Wright Typhoon V-12 piston engines.
SDW-1 Redesignation of three DT-2s modified by the Dayton-Wright company.

Operators

 
Royal Norwegian Navy Air Service
 
Peruvian Navy
 
United States Marine Corps
United States Navy

Specifications (DT-2 floatplane)

See also

References

External links

 Historical Snapshot: DT Torpedo Bomber

Douglas DT
Biplanes
DT
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1921
ISO 10303-22. ISO 10303-22 is a part of the implementation methods of STEP with the official title Standard data access interface or simply SDAI.

SDAI defines an abstract Application Programming Interface (API) to work on application data according to a given data models defined in EXPRESS. SDAI itself is defined independent of a particular programming language. Language bindings exist for
 Part 23 - C++ language binding of the standard data access interface
 Part 24 - C binding of the standard data access interface
 Part 27 - Java binding to the standard data access interface with Internet/Intranet extensions
 The development of language bindings for FORTRAN and the interface definition language (IDL) of CORBA were canceled.

The original intent of SDAI and its bindings to programming languages was to achieve portability of software applications from one implementation to another. This was soon abandoned because there were only a few commercial implementations and they differed significantly in their detailed APIs. Today the term SDAI is sometimes used for many types of APIs supporting STEP, even if they only partially follow the strict functionality as defined in ISO 10303-22 and its implementation methods, or not at all. Part 35 of STEP (Abstract test methods for SDAI implementations) provides a formal way how to prove the conformance of an implementation with SDAI.

The main components of SDAI are:
 SDAI dictionary schema, a meta level EXPRESS schema to describe EXPRESS schemas
 Managing objects
 SDAI session to control the whole SDAI environment for a single user/thread including optional transaction control
 SDAI repository the physical (typically) container to store SDAI models and Schema instances, e.g. a database
 SDAI model a subdivision of an SDAI repository, containing entity instance according to a particular EXPRESS schema
 Schema instance a logical grouping of one or several SDAI models, making up a valid population according to a particular EXPRESS schema
 Operations
 to deal with the managing objects
 to create, delete and modify application data (entity instance, attribute values, aggregates and their members)
 to validate application data according to all the constraints and rules specified in EXPRESS

Major software vendors for SDAI and similar STEP-APIs
 Eurostep
 EPM Technology
 LKSoftWare GmbH / JSDAI
 Open Design Alliance STEP SDK Open Design Alliance STEP SDK
 PDTec AG: The Ecco Toolkit provides implementation of ISO 10303-11, -14, -21, -28.
 STEP Tools, Inc

Open-source implementations of SDAI
The NIST STEP Class Library is a public domain implementation of ISO 10303-21(ASCII data exchange files), -22(SDAI), -23 (C++ SDAI binding) using ISO 10303-11:1994. The development of the NIST STEP Class Library has been stopped in the late 1990s. STEPcode (formerly STEP Class Library) has been improved by the BRL-CAD developers on github under the BSD license. STEPcode also has an experimental Python binding.

JSDAI is a complete implementation of ISO 10303-22(SDAI) and ISO 10303-27(Java SDAI binding) under the Open Source license AGPL.

See also

 List of STEP (ISO 10303) parts
 JSDAI

References

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