omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
HP Vectra. HP Vectra was a line of business-oriented personal computers manufactured by Hewlett-Packard (now HP Inc.). It was introduced in October 1985 as HP's first IBM-compatible PC.

Hewlett-Packard, which originally made its name through selling test equipment, made its move into the computing field in 1967 with HP 1000/2100 minicomputers. Further minicomputer and terminal products followed in the coming years, and in 1983, the company finally released a microcomputer, the HP 150 series. It only lasted two years before HP embraced the IBM PC standard with the Vectra line. Mainly targeted at business and professional fields, the Vectra was HP's top-of-the-line family of computers for over 15 years.

InfoWorld stated that HP was "responding to demands from its customers for full IBM PC compatibility". Vectras were not entirely IBM-compatible, and in the early years, had a considerable amount of non-standard hardware features, including hard disk types, keyboards, and the mouse interface, and corresponding BIOS extensions named EX-BIOS, thus requiring their own custom OEM version of MS-DOS. Software that used strictly BIOS calls, would work, but anything that performed low-level hardware access, often had problems. Vectras notably failed to pass the most popular compatibility test of the day, which involved running Lotus 123 and Microsoft Flight Simulator. By the time 486 PCs became commonplace, however, most of the proprietary hardware in HP machines had been dropped.

In 1995, HP added the Pavilion line as a lower-end range designed for the consumer markets (which the company had ignored up to this point), including both desktop PCs and the company's early laptops. In 2002 (following the HP-Compaq merger and the release of the VL420 and e-pc 42 models a year prior), the Vectra family was discontinued, and was replaced by the Evo, which was originally developed by Compaq.

References

Further reading

External links

 Vectra DOS/Windows (Software), HP Computer Museum
 Vectra Business Desktops/Calcs, HP Computer Museum

Products introduced in 1985
Vectra
Business desktop computers
IBM PC compatibles
Brookville BL20CG. The Brookville BL20CG is a diesel electric low emissions locomotive built by the Brookville Equipment Corporation. It uses three Cummins QSK-19 engines, each rated at , for an aggregate of . The original BL20CG is a rebuilt EMD GP38 which formerly belonged to the Maine Central Railroad and is used by Brookville as a demonstrator.

External links 
Brookville Equipment "CoGen" Genset Switchers
Brookville Equipment's CoGeneration Locomotive

B-B locomotives
Diesel–electric locomotives of the United States
EPA Tier 2-compliant locomotives of the United States
Brookville locomotives
Rebuilt locomotives
Standard gauge locomotives of the United States
Unique locomotives
Emtech. The EmTech (short for "Emerging Technologies") conference, produced by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Technology Review magazine, is an annual conference highlighting invention and new developments in engineering and technology.  Started in 1999, the 2011 conference is planned for October 18–19 at MIT. Emtech is also organised in different regions such as in Europe, MENA, Latin America, Asia Pacific, China and India.

In addition to two days of presentations, the conference highlights the winners of the annual TR35 award, recognizing the world's top 35 innovators under the age of 35. Some of the most famous winners of the award include Larry Page and Sergey Brin (creators of Google), Mark Zuckerberg (creator of Facebook), Jack Dorsey (creator of Twitter), and Konstantin Novoselov, who later won the Nobel Prize in Physics.

References

Technology conferences
Kawanishi E10K. The Kawanishi E10K, also known as Kawanishi Type T, Kawanishi Navy Type 94 Transport Seaplane and Kawanishi Navy Experimental 9-Shi Night Reconnaissance Seaplane, was a small Japanese flying boat of the 1930s. It was a single-engined biplane intended to meet a requirement for a night reconnaissance aircraft for the Imperial Japanese Navy but was not selected for production, the single prototype being converted to a transport and operated as the Navy Type 94 Transport.

Design and development
In 1934, the Imperial Japanese Navy issued a specification for a night reconnaissance aircraft, intended to shadow enemy ships at night, allowing submarines to be directed to their targets and, in a surface action, to spot for the guns of the fleet. This concept had been tested with the Aichi Experimental 6-Shi Night Reconnaissance Flying boat, which had proved unsuitable for service use. The aircraft was required to have good endurance and slow speed stability to help its crews in flying long missions at night, while it also needed to be suitable for catapulting from warships.

Contracts were awarded to both Aichi and Kawanishi to design and build prototypes to meet the requirement. Kawanishi's design, with the company designation Kawanishi Type T was a single-engined tractor configuration biplane of all-metal construction. Its single-bay wings, which folded backwards for storage on ship, were based on those of the Kawanishi E7K reconnaissance floatplane, while the Nakajima Kotobuki radial engine was mounted forward of the top wing. The stressed-skin hull held a crew of three, with pilot and co-pilot sitting in an enclosed cockpit, while the gunner/observer sat in the nose, armed with a single flexibly mounted machine gun.

Operational history
The Type T made its maiden flight on 10 September 1934. Testing proved unsuccessful, with water handling problems and poor stability in the air, and the Navy considered it unsuitable for the night reconnaissance role, instead ordering the competing Aichi design into production as the E10A.

Kawanishi converted the Type T to a utility transport, fitting it with a retractable beaching gear, and, as such, it entered service with the Navy as the Navy Type 94 Transport but no production followed.

Specifications (Type 94 Transport)

See also

Notes
 In the Japanese Navy designation system, specifications were given a Shi number based on the year of the Emperor's reign it was issued.  In this case 9-Shi stood for 1934, the 9th year of the Shōwa era.

References

 Mikesh, Robert and Shorzoe Abe. Japanese Aircraft 1910–1941. London: Putnam, 1990. .

E10K, Kawanishi
Flying boats
E10K
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1934
TeST TST-14J BonusJet. The TeST TST-14J BonusJet is a two-seat touring motor glider with a retractable PBS TJ-100 turbine engine, built by TeST in the Czech Republic.  It is an all composite design.

Development and design
The TST-14J is a Desert Aerospace, LLC modification of the TST-14 motorglider with the addition of a retractable jet engine used for self launching. It has a high T-tail. It is a mid wing design with straight tapered wings.  The wing tips carry winglets and there are outboard ailerons, two position flaps and upper surface spoilers.

The fuselage of the TST-14J is built from two half shells which incorporate the straight tapered fin.  The fuselage tapers rearwards, producing an arched shape below.  The tailplane carries a single piece elevator.  The cockpit has a forward hinged, single piece canopy, and a side hinged passenger canopy. The TST-14J has a tailwheel undercarriage, with spatted mainwheels on fuselage-mounted, sprung, cantilever legs.

The 45 lb PBS TJ-100 turbine engine  requires a two-minute cooldown before retracting into the fuselage. The prototype was tested by Bob Carlton, an experienced jet powered glider pilot who flies an aerobatic routine in a Super Salto jet powered glider with the same engine. Sonex Aircraft also uses the same engine, and hired Carlton to test its SubSonex jet-powered homebuilt aircraft.

Specifications

References

External links

TST-14J
2000s Czech sport aircraft
Motor gliders
Mid-wing aircraft
T-tail aircraft
Single-engined jet aircraft
Opel Wien. Opel Wien GmbH (formerly GM Powertrain Austria GmbH) is an Austrian manufacturing company based in Vienna / Aspern, Austria and was  a subsidiary of General Motors. Currently a subsidiary of the Dutch-based multinational automotive manufacturer Stellantis since 16 January 2021.

History 
The Austrian Chancellor Dr. Bruno Kreisky and GM Austria Chairman Helmuth Schimpf signed a contract to build an engine plant in Vienna/Aspern on  August 23, 1979. The investment amounted to over 9,8 billion Schilling.

Products
Opel Wien GmbH produces Family 0 engines, 5 and 6-Speed transmissions for Opel/Vauxhall and Chevrolet/Buick.

See also
List of GM engines
List of GM transmissions
Opel Eisenach
IBC Vehicles

References

External links

Opel Wien official corporate website (German)

Opel factories
Manufacturing companies based in Vienna
Hermanspann Chinook. The Hermanspann Chinook is an American mid-wing, two-seat, experimental research glider that was designed and constructed by Fred Hermanspann and Art Penz.

Design and development
The Chinook and its improved variant, the Chinook S, have been used to study the effect of rain on airfoils and  also stall dynamics.

The aircraft is predominantly made from aluminium with the cockpit area made from fiberglass. Its  span high aspect ratio wing employs a Wortmann FX67-K-170/17 airfoil. Glidepath control is via hydraulically operated trailing edge flaps that deflect 80°. The landing gear consists of hydraulically retractable nose gear and main gear. The vertical stabilizer is highly swept.

The improved Chinook S features an improved wing tip design, system and structure refinements and a BRS-1200 ballistic parachute.

Only one Chinook was constructed and it was registered with the US Federal Aviation Administration in the Experimental - Amateur-built category.

Operational history
In March 2015 the Chinook was still registered with the FAA to Hermanspann.

After the conclusion of a number of research projects including about rain effects, performance measurements and stall dynamics, the sailplane was being employed extensively through 2015 for cross-country flying, having made a total of five crossings of the Cacscade mountains and having set four Washington state soaring records.

Variants
Chinook
Original configuration, first flown in 1993.
Chinook S
Improved configuration, first flown in 1996.

Specifications (Chinook S)

See also

References

1990s United States sailplanes
Homebuilt aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1993
Mid-wing aircraft
Glider aircraft
Nexus Mustang. The Nexus Mustang is a two place homebuilt aircraft designed around the construction techniques of the Midget Mustang.

Design and development
Designer Dick Eaves used his experience building a Baby Ace, Skyhopper II, Wittman Tailwinds, Wag-Aero CUBys, and a Midget Mustang to develop a new two seat tandem homebuilt design.

The aircraft uses an all-aluminum construction with fiberglass nose cowling. The tail surfaces and spar extrusion are modeled after a Mustang II.

Operational history
A Nexus Mustang won first place in the Plans built Category at Sun 'n Fun in 2004 and Bronze Lindy at EAA AirVenture 2004.

Specifications (Nexus Mustang)

References

Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
2000s Canadian sport aircraft
Aircraft manufactured in Canada
West Engineering XJ38. The West Engineering XJ38 was a small turbojet engine created by modifying World War II-surplus aircraft engine turbosuperchargers. Intended to be a cheap method of producing jet engines for target drones for the United States Navy, the latter lost interest in the project, which was soon discontinued because of lack of funding.

Design and development

In 1946, Edward West, Jr obtained 6,000 war surplus General Electric Type B aircraft engine turbosuperchargers.  His intention was to convert these into cheap, expendable turbojet engines that could be used to power target drones. He was awarded a US Navy contract to manufacture the engine, which was designated as the XJ38-WS-2.

The modifications to the turbosuperchargers were extensive, as a single reverse flow combustion chamber was connected to the compressor outlet and the turbine inlet, where the aircraft piston engine would normally be fitted. A fuel metering system and new inlet and outlet ducts, and a re-engineered turbine was needed as well.

The Navy contract called for three engines that would produce  thrust at 26,000 rpm.  The engine was to weigh 180 lb, and the thrust specific fuel consumption was to be 1.7.  The Navy lost interest in this engine design, and never funded the qualification testing, resulting in the demise of the development program.

West sought private interest in the engine, suggesting that it produced sufficient power for a light twin-engine race plane.  No interest was found, even when he increased the power to  of thrust. which he suggested that a small twin-engine aircraft that he had designed. West continued development of this small turbine engine, but due to a lack  of funding, he ended the development in 1950.

Specifications (XJ38-WS-2)

References
Notes

Bibliography
 Leyes, Richard A. and Fleming William A.,The history of North American small gas turbine aircraft engines, Smithsonian Institution 1999 
 Scholer Bangs, "From Supercharger to Turbojet" Aviation Week, Vol 48, No 15 (April 12, 1948)
 Edward West Jr, Canbria, California to Rick Leyes, returned annotated letter from Leyes to West, 5 November 1996, National Air and Space Museum Archives, Washington DC.

External links
 Google books

1940s turbojet engines
Abandoned military aircraft engine projects of the United States
Centrifugal-flow turbojet engines
Cooling capacity. Cooling capacity is the measure of a cooling system's ability to remove heat. It is equivalent to the heat supplied to the evaporator/boiler part of the refrigeration cycle and may be called the "rate of refrigeration" or "refrigeration capacity". As the target temperature of the refrigerator approaches ambient temperature, without exceeding it, the refrigeration capacity increases thus increasing the refrigerator's COP. The SI unit is watt (W). Another unit common in non-metric regions or sectors is the ton of refrigeration, which describes the amount of water at freezing temperature that can be frozen in 24 hours, equivalent to  or .

Formula
The basic SI units equation for deriving cooling capacity is of the form:

Where
 is the cooling capacity [kW]
 is the mass rate [kg/s]
 is the specific heat capacity [kJ/kg K]
 is the temperature change [K]

References

Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
HMCS Spitfire. HMCS Spitfire was a 65-ton sail gunboat built at Cuthberts Shipyard, Port Jackson, Australia and launched on 3 April 1855 for the Colony of New South Wales. Her hull was sheathed with 22-ounce copper. She was the first warship built in Australia for a Colonial government. Spitfire was given to the Colony of Queensland in 1859 and she was used as the pilot cutter on Moreton Bay. In 1860, she was used as part of an expedition to find the mouth of the Burdekin River. She was to become the pilot boat for Cooktown, until sold out of service in 1885 and purchased by Captain Alex Mathewson, for use as a fishing vessel. She was sold in 1892 to Dan Moynahan and S.B. Andreassen and during a cyclone in 1896 she was damaged off Hinchinbrook Island.

Fate
Spitfire was sunk during a cyclone off Piper Island Light on 21 August 1898.

Notes

References

1855 ships
Ships built in New South Wales
Gunboats of the New South Wales Naval Brigade
Automobiles Julien. Julien is a former French automobile manufacturer.   The Paris based Société des Études Automobiles M. A. Julien presented its first prototype in 1946 and automaking activities came to an end in 1949, probably without any of the developments having progressed beyond the prototype stage.

History
The company presented its first prototypes at the Paris Motor Show in . These were the Julien MM5 and the Julien VUP. During the following twelve months Julien negotiated successfully with the government, who controlled the necessary materials supplies, for permission to put the MM5 into production.

The car
The open-topped two-seater car featured a single-cylinder two-stroke engine of  which for 1947 was increased to  with a maximum power output of .  The rear track was strikingly narrower than that at the front, but the car did have four wheels and power was delivered via a three-speed manual transmission to the rear axle. The  wheelbase supported an overall body length of  and the weight of just over  allowed for an acceptable performance level.

For 1949 a Julien MM7 appeared with engine capacity increased to  and power to .  was the company's last year as an aspiring auto-maker.

References
 G.N. Georgano: Autos. Encyclopédie complète. 1885 à nos jours. Courtille, 1975 (In French)

External links 
Internet site of the GTÜ
"True father of the VW Beetle concept" – Internet site stating that the Julien project received input from Josef Ganz
Photo of Julien MM5

Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of France
Car manufacturers of France
Manufacturing companies based in Paris
Zetex (fabric). Zetex fabrics were invented by Bal Dixit in 1978. This highly texturized fiberglass fabric exhibits many of the same properties as asbestos, such as resistance to heat, corrosion and rot resistance, outstanding electrical properties, ability to withstand molten metal, and thermal insulation. However, it does not carry the same health risks.

Testing
Zetex has been tested against asbestos to prove it is a good replacement. Two Zetex filaments were created, one with a 9 um diameter (G) and a 6 um diameter (DE).

Physical Properties
Chrysotile, the most commonly encountered form of asbestos, has a density of 40 oz/yd2, while Zetex G has a density of 35 oz/yd2, and Zetex DE has a density of 32 oz/yd2. Other physical properties are listed in the table below:

Temperature rise testing
A glove was fabricated from this material to allow for further testing to be done. A thermocouple was used to test the inside temperature of the glove while holding a 600°F(316°C) pipe. A measure was taken to see how long it took the inside to reach 140°F. Both gloves included the same wool liner. Another test was done with a 1200°F(649°C) pipe.

Uses
Zetex can be used for a variety of fire protection applications.

Entertainment and theatres
Zetex has replaced asbestos as the material for the large fire curtains that lower and close off the stage opening in case of a fire in a proscenium type theatre or auditorium.

Construction
During welding, workers can wear Zetex-made fire suits for protection. Also, Zetex material can be used for fabric expansion joints, creating fire barriers in buildings.

Automotive
Zetex material can encapsulate gas tanks or exhaust pipes, protecting from fire caused by gas leaks.

Foundries/Welding
Zetex suits can be used in welding applications, protecting the worker from sparks and other molten objects. It can also be used to create a fire barrier.

Fire Safety
Fire departments can use Zetex made suits to battle fires due to Zetex's heat resistant properties. Full engulfment capabilities of the suit make for a good emergency combatant.

Glassblowing
When boxing a newly finished piece of glass for annealing a glassblower may utilize Zetex gloves to hold the finished piece in transition from the knock off table to the annealer.

References

External links 
 Newtex Industries

Technical fabrics
Berliner-Joyce XF2J. The Berliner-Joyce XF2J was the company's second biplane fighter for the United States Navy. The XF2J was ordered on 30 June 1931 and although designated as a two-seat fighter, it was used as an observation aircraft.

Design and development
The XF2J's construction was all-metal with a fabric covered rudder. The upper wing was "gulled", with a short, sharply upward-angled section, with the remainder of the wing with a slight dihedral. The lower wing span was shorter than the upper wing, and was braced with "N" struts and wires. A .30 calibre machine gun was located in each of the gulled sections of the upper wing and were synchronized to fire through the propeller arc.

The tightly-cowled 9-cylinder Pratt & Whitney R-1690C Hornet was the engine originally specified, but was changed to the  14-cylinder Wright SR-1510-92 Whirlwind before the aircraft flew. The propeller was a metal constant speed two-blade design.

The original open cockpits were modified to sliding canopies shortly after delivery to the navy.

Operational history
The XF2J-1 suffered from the same faults as the P-16, resulting in an unfavourable service trial of the one prototype, which had appeared two years late due to a protracted development phase, exacerbated by financial difficulties that eventually led to the demise of the company  The poor visibility over the nose and the landing characteristics doomed the XF2J-1, especially in light of the availability of the superior Grumman FF-1.

Specifications (XF2J-1)

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

 Bowers, Peter M, Forgotten Fighters/1 US Navy, 1918–1941 ARCO Publishing, New York, 1971, 
 W.Green, D.Swanborough The Complete Book of Fighters, 2000

External links

 Berliner-Joyce XF2J-1

F2J
Gull-wing aircraft
1930s United States fighter aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1933
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Carrier-based aircraft
Marsden Gemini. The Marsden Gemini is a Canadian mid-wing, T-tailed, two-seats in side-by-side configuration, experimental research glider that was designed and constructed by David Marsden at the University of Alberta, first flying in 1973.

Design and development
The Gemini was designed to explore the use of flaps to create a variable geometry sailplane that would be optimized for both low speed thermalling flight and also high speed gliding between thermals.

The aircraft was predominantly made from aluminium, with some stainless steel used for the wing ribs, controls and fittings. The two-place side-by-side cockpit was made from fibreglass. Its four-piece  span high aspect ratio wing employed a modified Wortmann FX-61-163/35SF airfoil. The Fowler flaps occupied the entire trailing edge of the wing and accounted for 35% of the wing chord. In cruise the flaps were retracted, reducing the wing area. While climbing, the flaps were extended, producing a high lift coefficient of 2.2. For glidepath control when landing the flaps deployed to 80° to create aerodynamic drag. The outer flaps acted as slotted ailerons for roll control.

Operational history
Only one Gemini was built. The aircraft was still operational in August 2011, owned by William G. Osoba of Wichita, Kansas, United States, but was removed from the US register in April 2019 and its fate is unknown.

The aircraft was flown to set seven Canadian multi-place records, including the record for speed over a  triangle. It was also used to set the US national record for the  of .

On July 2, 2011, Osoba and his wife Christine flew the Gemini on a  free distance flight from Zapata, Texas to just east of Amarillo, Texas, a flight which won the 2011 Barringer Trophy.

Specifications (Gemini)

See also

References

1970s Canadian sailplanes
Canadian experimental aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1973
Mid-wing aircraft
T-tail aircraft
Per Eriksson (professor). Per Filip Billy Eriksson (born 1949 in Sölvesborg, Sweden) is a Swedish scientist and professor in signal processing. He served as rector of Lund University from 2009 to 2014, as rector of Blekinge Institute of Technology from 1989 to 2000 and director-general at Vinnova from 2001 to 2008. His membership in the Baptist Hyllie Park Church was once the subject of a heated controversy regarding his appointment as rector of Lund University.

References 

Swedish Baptists
Swedish engineers
Academic staff of Lund University
Rectors of Lund University
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences
1949 births
Living people
21st-century Swedish engineers
20th-century Swedish engineers
Controversies in Sweden