omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
NBR S class. The NBR S Class (LNER Class J37) was a class of 0-6-0 steam locomotive designed by William Paton Reid for freight work on the North British Railway. The engines were initially designated as B class, being a development of the standard B class locomotives designed by Reid some eight years previously, and represented the culmination of a long evolution on the NBR of powerful 0-6-0 freight engines. The new locomotives were introduced in 1914 and had superheaters, inside cylinders and piston valves operated by Stephenson valve gear.

Design evolution
The North British had built large numbers of 0-6-0 freight engines of earlier classes, and during the incumbency of Matthew Holmes these reached his highly numerous C class design, consisting of 200 locomotives in total (168 of his own engines, later designated LNER class J36, plus 32 rebuilt from the highly similar 1876 design by Dugald Drummond, later designated LNER class J32).

Reid set out to develop this design, and improve upon it, producing the standard NBR B class (later LNER class J35), of which 76 examples were built. They were larger and heavier than the earlier engines, and in common with Reid's common practice, had a high boiler pitch.

In 1914, Reid ordered the first batch of 5 engines of his improved B class design. From 1914 to 1919, these engines were simply considered to be part of the B class, by which time around 70 had been produced. However, with a new batch ordered in 1919 Reid made several minor alterations, including an increase in working boiler pressure from 165 psi to 175 psi. These engines, together with all subsequent batches, were given a new designation, as S class. Several of the earlier locomotives were upgraded to the new 175 psi boiler pressure, and redesignated as S class. Finally, upon Grouping in 1923, the LNER upgraded all of the S class engines and all of the improved B class engines, to a working boiler pressure of 180 psi, and formally grouped them all together into the J37 class. The improved B class J37s and the S class J37s together totalled 104 engines.

Numbering
A total of 104 locomotives was built by the North British Railway, all of which passed to the London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) in 1923, and all of which came into British Railways (BR) ownership at nationalisation in 1948. BR numbers were 64536–64639.

Performance
The improved B class (J37) and S class (J37) locomotives performed admirably on fast mainline freight services, and heavy Fife coal trains. On some parts of the network (notably the West Highland Line), they were used for both freight and passenger duties. The engines have been described as being the most successful and the most powerful 0-6-0 tender engines ever employed in Scotland.

Preservation

All members of both the B and S classes were scrapped after withdrawal, the last of which being in 1962 and 1966 respectively.

References

External links 

 Class J37 Details at Rail UK
 NBR/LNER Reid "J37" Class 0-6-0 at BRDatabase

S
0-6-0 locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1914
NBL locomotives
Scrapped locomotives
Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain
Freight locomotives
Stewart M-2. The Stewart M-2 was an American all-metal, twin-engined, aerial survey aircraft.

Design and development
The W.F. Stewart Company was a custom builder of wooden auto bodies. When factory-built steel bodies overtook wood construction, the company broke into the aviation market with the Stewart M-1, an all-wood monoplane. Sensing wood construction was about to be overtaken by all-metal aircraft, the Stewart M-2 was developed.

The M-2 was an all-metal, twin-engined aircraft with conventional landing gear, powered with Wright J-6 engines. 225 hp Packard DR-980 engines were later installed and tested. Townend rings were used on the re-installed Wright J-6 engines.

Operational history
Designer Jack Hunt test flew the prototype on 22 May 1931. No orders for new aircraft were received. The aircraft was used by Abrams Aerial Survey Corporation for aerial surveys. The airframe was scrapped in 1941.

Specifications (M-2)

References

1930s United States civil utility aircraft
W.F. Stewart Company aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1930
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Diesel-engined aircraft
Project Icarus. Project Icarus may refer to:

 Project Icarus (interstellar), a study started in 2009 for the design of an interstellar space probe
 Project Icarus (photography), a 2009 Massachusetts Institute of Technology photography project
 Project Icarus, a 1967 MIT student project to defend against risks from the asteroid 1566 Icarus
 "Project Icarus", the working title of the 2013 Irrational Games video game BioShock Infinite
 Icarus Project, a former network of mental health peer-support groups

See also
 Icarus (disambiguation)
Convair Model 58-9. The Convair Model 58-9 was a proposed American supersonic transport, developed by the Convair division of General Dynamics and intended to carry fifty-two passengers at over Mach 2. Derived from the B-58 Hustler bomber, it was designed in 1961 but no examples of the type were ever built.

Design and development
The Model 58-9 was Convair's proposal for the third step in a three-step program for the development of a SST based on the company's B-58 Hustler supersonic medium bomber. Derived from the proposed B-58C, an enlarged version of the Hustler, the Model 58-9 was anticipated to follow up on route-proving using an unmodified B-58, with a version of the bomber using a five-passenger version of its unique external weapons pod being an intermediate step to the final airliner version.

Proposed during early 1961, the Model 58-9 would use the wing design of the B-58C, which would be mated to an entirely new fuselage and tail; the airliner's cabin would be capable of seating as many as 52 passengers. The Model 58-9 was expected to have a maximum take-off weight of , and would have a range of  at a cruising speed of Mach 2.4. If the project had been approved, it was projected by Convair that the first prototype of the airliner could fly within three years of the project being approved, with eighteen months of flight testing, using four prototype aircraft, following the aircraft's maiden flight. It was expected that the Military Air Transport Service would perform simulated airline flights using the Model 58-9 during its development.

See also

References

External links

 Convair Model 58-9 SST

Abandoned civil aircraft projects of the United States
58-9
Supersonic transports
Quadjets
Mid-wing aircraft
Delta-wing aircraft
Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear
NBR B class. The NBR B Class (LNER Class J35) is a class of 0-6-0 steam locomotive designed by William Paton Reid for freight work on the North British Railway.  They were introduced in 1906 and had inside cylinders and Stephenson valve gear. The first eighteen locomotives had piston valves and the remainder had slide valves.

Classification
Seventy-six locomotives were built and these passed to the London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) in 1923. The LNER classified them as follows:
 J35/1 Engines with piston valves
 J35/2 Engines with piston valves and short fireboxes
 J35/3 Engines with slide valves

The entire class was fitted with superheaters between 1923 and 1942 and re-classified from 1937 as follows:

 J35/4 Engines with superheaters and slide valves
 J35/5 Engines with superheaters and piston valves

Numbering
Seventy locomotives of classes J35/4 and J35/5 came into British Railways (BR) ownership at nationalisation in 1948 and were numbered as follows:
 Class J35/5, 64460-64477
 Class J35/4, 64478-64535

References

External links 

 Class J35/4 Details at Rail UK
 Class J35/5 Details at Rail UK

B
0-6-0 locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1906
NBL locomotives
Scrapped locomotives
Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain
Freight locomotives
GCR Class 9J. The GCR Class 9J (LNER Class J11) was a class of 174 0-6-0 steam locomotives designed by John G. Robinson for freight work on the Great Central Railway (GCR) in 1901. They were a part of the Railway Operating Division during World War 1. The class acquired the nickname "Pom-Poms" due to the similarity of their exhaust noise to that of the "Pom-Pom" quick-firing gun used in the South African War.

Career

London and North Eastern Railway
They passed to the London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) in 1923. The LNER classified them as J11 with sub-classes J11/1 to J11/5 because of detail differences.

British Railways
The whole class survived into British Railways (BR) ownership in 1948 and their BR numbers were 64280–64453. All had been withdrawn and scrapped by 1962 and none have been preserved.

References

09J
0-6-0 locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1901
Neilson Reid locomotives
Beyer, Peacock locomotives
Vulcan Foundry locomotives
YEC locomotives
Railway Operating Division locomotives
Scrapped locomotives
Freight locomotives
Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain
Nguyễn Ngọc Bình. Nguyễn Ngọc Bình (born 17 September 1959) is a Vietnamese computer scientist. He is the director of the Francophone Institute for Informatics, Vietnam National University.

Chronology 
June 1981 – graduated from Kishinev University (USSR) with B.S. in Applied Mathematics.
March 1995	– received M.E. in Information and Computer Sciences from Toyohashi University of Technology (Japan)
March 1998 – received Ph.D. in Information and Computer Sciences from School of Engineering Science, Osaka University (Japan)
April 1998 – assistant professor at School of Knowledge Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
August 2000 – head of Department of Software Engineering, Faculty of Information Technology, Hanoi University of Technology (Vietnam)
May 2009 – was appointed the president of University of Engineering and Technology, VNU for the 2009-2014 period.
September 2014 - became the director of the Francophone Institute for Informatics, Vietnam National University, Hanoi.

Awards 
Winner of the IEICE Award for Excellent Research Results (from Tokai branch, Japan, 1995).
Honorary Doctorate from Toyohashi University of Technology.

References 

Osaka University alumni
1959 births
Living people
Toyohashi University of Technology alumni
NEC SX-ACE. The SX-ACE is a vector supercomputer based on the NEC SX series by NEC Corporation. It features NEC's first multi-core System on a Chip vector processor design, with four cores. The SX-ACE runs at 1 GHz, has peak performance of 64 GFLOPS per core, and has 64 gigabytes per second of memory bandwidth per core. Four cores make up a shared-memory node, and 64 nodes can fit in a rack for a total performance of 16 TFLOPS per rack. The SX-ACE was released in 2013. NEC released the successor, the SX-Aurora TSUBASA in 2017. It is used by Earth Simulator 3.

See also
SUPER-UX
SX architecture

References

External links
SX-10 announcement press release
Japanese interview discussing the SX-10
Main English-language SX-ACE site

SX-ACE
Vector supercomputers
Ultralight Flight Mirage. The Ultralight Flight Mirage is an American ultralight aircraft that was designed by Frank Riley and produced by Ultralight Flight Inc. The aircraft was supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

Design and development
The Mirage was based on the Aerodyne Systems Vector and the Hill Humbug ultralights. The aircraft was designed to comply with the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules, including the category's maximum empty weight of . The aircraft has a standard empty weight of . It features a cable-braced high wing, a single-seat, open cockpit, tricycle landing gear and a single engine in pusher configuration.

The aircraft is made from aluminum tubing, with the flying surfaces covered in Dacron sailcloth. Its double-surfaced  span wing is cable-braced from an inverted "V" kingpost and features spoilers. The pilot is accommodated on an open seat without a windshield. A fiberglass cockpit fairing was optional. The landing gear includes suspension on all three wheels and nosewheel steering. The Kawasaki TA 440A engine installation was unusual, although similar to the Humbug and the Vector. The engine is mounted at the leading edge of the wing and drives the trailing edge-mounted pusher propeller through an extension shaft. The driveshaft has proven troublesome in operational use and requires regular maintenance.

The Mirage design suffers from cracks in the aluminum wing-mounting brackets at the root tube junction and many have been changed to stainless steel fittings instead.

Specifications (Mirage)

References

External links
Photo of Mirage in flight

1980s United States ultralight aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Pont nou de la Margineda. Pont nou de la Margineda is a bridge in Santa Coloma d'Andorra, Andorra. 

It is a masonry bridge, consisting of a single granite arch, which was built on the Gran Valira river in the 1930s, a hundred metres from the medieval bridge of La Margineda. It has been classified as a monument of cultural interest since July 2004.

See also
List of bridges in Andorra

References

External links

Buildings and structures in Andorra la Vella
Bridges in Andorra
Cultural Heritage of Andorra
1958 Dan-Air Avro York crash. The 1958 Dan-Air Avro York crash was a fatal accident involving an Avro York cargo aircraft operated by Dan Air Services Limited on a non-scheduled international all-cargo service between Karachi, Pakistan, and New Delhi, India. The aircraft crashed on 25 May 1958 during an emergency landing at Gurgaon, Haryana, India, after an engine had caught fire en route from Karachi to Delhi. Four of the five occupants of the aircraft were killed.

The aircraft
The aircraft, operated by Dan Air Services Ltd, was an Avro 685 York (registered in the United Kingdom as G-AMUV) that had its first flight in 1946. The York had been delivered to the Royal Air Force in February 1946, it was withdrawn from use and sold as a civilian aircraft in 1952.

Accident
Following the aircraft's departure from Karachi Airport in Pakistan's Sindh province, an in-flight fire developed en route to Delhi. This necessitated an immediate forced landing on rough terrain near Gurgaon in the Indian state of Haryana, resulting in the aircraft's break-up and a post-crash fire. Among the crew of five, the radio operator was the sole survivor. This crash was Dan-Air's first fatal accident.

Cause
The subsequent investigation established a mid-air fire as a consequence of an internal failure of the aircraft's no. 1 engine as the accident's probable cause.

References

Dan-Air
Aviation accidents and incidents in India
Airliner accidents and incidents caused by in-flight fires
Airliner accidents and incidents caused by engine failure
Accidents and incidents involving the Avro York
Avro York crash
1958 in India
May 1958 in Asia
Cosmopolitan Twarda 2/4. Cosmopolitan Twarda 2/4, formerly known as Twarda Tower or Hines Tower, is a mainly residential skyscraper (160 meters high, 44 storeys) in central Warsaw, Poland. The project was developed by Tacit Development Polska.

The tower includes 252 apartments ranging from , with a net total area of above-ground floors of as much as . Four penthouses are planned to be situated on the top floor. Its ground floor along Twarda Street is to provide commercial space for shops and services and its underground part has been designed to accommodate a 300-vehicle car park.

The first plans of building developed on this plot were revealed in 2006 when Foundation Shalom appointed leading Polish architect Stefan Kuryłowicz to design a tower. Soon after the Foundation was forced through lack of funds to sell the plot to Tacit Development. A new design was prepared by German architect Helmut Jahn. Up to 2011 Hines was the developer of the scheme, but Tacit, the investor behind the scheme, took it over.

Cosmopolitan Twarda 2/4 was the tallest completed residential building in Warsaw, and second in Poland (after Sky Tower in Wrocław). It fell to third place upon Złota 44's completion.

See also
 List of tallest buildings in Poland
 List of tallest buildings in Warsaw

References

External links
 Project on the Hines webpage
 Project on architects' webpage

Śródmieście Północne
Residential skyscrapers in Poland
Helmut Jahn buildings
Residential buildings completed in 2015
Mach Loop. The Mach Loop (also known as the Machynlleth Loop, ) is a series of valleys in the United Kingdom in west-central Wales, notable for their use as low-level training areas for fast aircraft. The system of valleys lies  east of Barmouth between the towns of Dolgellau to the north and Machynlleth to the south, from the latter of which it takes its name. The training area is part of the United Kingdom Low Flying System and lies within Low Flying Area 7 (LFA7), which covers all of Wales.

Activity 
Aircraft seen in the area include Royal Air Force Airbus A400M, Typhoon, Hawk, F-35A/B jets and Texan T1s, as well as  F-15C Eagles and F-15E Strike Eagles which are based at RAF Lakenheath and MC-130 and V-22 Osprey from RAF Mildenhall. Aircraft from other nations have been sighted training in the Mach Loop, such as Royal Canadian Air Force CT 114 Tutor (in Snowbird livery) and CF-18 Hornet, and F-16 Fighting Falcons of the Belgian Air Component.

In December 2018, a recommendation was circulated within the Ministry of Defence (MoD) which resulted in a reduction in the number of aircraft using the Mach Loop. In addition to this, all non-UK based aircraft are also prohibited from using the Loop unless part of a UK exercise.

Photography
The Mach Loop is particularly popular with plane spotters and photographers, as it is among the few places in the world where visitors can see combat aircraft flying below them. One popular viewing point is the carpark located on the site of Llyn y Tri Greyenyn.

See also
Rainbow Canyon (California)

References

External links

 RAF Low Flying Training Timetables
 MachLoop.co.uk
 Video of several F35 and Hercules C-130 doing the loop

Geography of Wales
Low flying
Royal Air Force
United States Air Force
Peter Clarricoats. Peter John Bell Clarricoats (6 April 1932 – 17 January 2020) was a British engineer who was Professor of Electronic Engineering at Queen Mary, University of London.

Early life and education
Clarricoats was born in 1932 in Southgate, London, the youngest of the three children of John and Cecilia Clarricoats. His father was Secretary of the Radio Society of Great Britain.  He was educated at Minchenden Grammar School and Imperial College London. He graduated BSc in 1953 and received his PhD from the University of London in 1958, with a thesis entitled "Properties of waveguides containing ferrites with special reference to waveguides of circular cross-section".

Academic career
Clarricoats began his academic career in 1959 as a lecturer at Queen’s University Belfast, followed by a move in 1961 to the University of Sheffield. He was appointed as a professor at the University of Leeds in 1963, which made him the youngest professor in his field at the time.  He was then Professor of Electronic Engineering at Queen Mary, University of London from 1968 to 1997. He was head of the Department of Electronic Engineering between 1979 and 1995 and served as Dean of Engineering between 1977 and 1980.

Clarricoats was vice-president of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, from 1989 to 1991. He was vice-president and treasurer of URSI (the International Union of Radio Science) from 1993 to 1999.

From 1995 to 1997 he was a director of Filtronic plc, and in 1998 became chair of the Technology Advisory board of Filtronic.

Honours
Clarricoats was appointed a Fellow at the Royal Academy of Engineering in 1983.  He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1990 and appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) for "services to the Ministry of Defence" in the 1996 Birthday Honours.

In September 2015 Clarricoats was awarded the Sir Frank Whittle medal of the Royal Academy of Engineering, one of the academy's highest accolades.

Death
Clarricoats died on 17 January 2020 after a short illness at the age of 87.

Works
Microwave Ferrites, Wiley, 1961

 Microwave Horns and Feeds (1994)

References

1932 births
2020 deaths
British electronics engineers
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Fellows of the Royal Society
Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Alumni of Imperial College London
People from Southgate, London
Academics of Queen's University Belfast
Academics of the University of Sheffield
Academics of the University of Leeds
Academics of Queen Mary University of London
Computers and Structures (company). Computers and Structures, Inc. (CSI) is a structural and earthquake engineering software company founded in 1975 and based in Walnut Creek, California, with additional office location in New York. The structural analysis and design software CSI produce include SAP2000, CSiBridge, ETABS, SAFE, PERFORM-3D, and CSiCOL.

One of Computer and Structure, Inc.'s software, ETABS, was used to create the mathematical model of the Burj Khalifa, currently the world's tallest building, designed by Chicago, Illinois–based Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP (SOM). In the Structural analysis section of their December 2009 Structural Engineer magazine article entitled "Design and construction of the world's tallest building: The Burj Dubai", since renamed to Burj Khalifa, William F. Baker, S.E. and James J. Pawlikowski, S.E. mention that gravity, wind, and seismic response were all characterized using ETABS. Further, ETABS' geometric nonlinear capability provided for P-delta effect consideration.

References

External links 
 

Business software companies
Companies based in Contra Costa County, California
1975 establishments in California
Jeffrey Chuan Chu. Jeffrey Chuan Chu (朱傳榘) (July 14, 1919 – June 6, 2011), born in Tianjin, Republic of China, was a pioneer computer engineer. He received his BS from the University of Minnesota and his MS from the Moore School at the University of Pennsylvania. Chuan was a member of the engineering team that designed the first American electronic computer, the ENIAC. ENIAC was designed by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert of the University of Pennsylvania, U.S.

As a Senior Scientist at Argonne National Laboratory, he helped design several improved versions of early large-scale computers such as AVIDAC and ORACLE. The first IEEE Computer Society Computer Pioneer Award was awarded to him in 1981.

References

External links 
  Jeffrey Chuan Chu Obituary, Boston Globe, 2011
  Jeffrey Chuan Chu 朱傳榘 

1919 births
2011 deaths
Chinese computer scientists
Scientists from Tianjin
University of Minnesota alumni
University of Pennsylvania School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
Frederick R. De Funiak. Frederick Rudolph De Funiak was an officer in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. Later he became a successful railroad engineer and an official of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad. DeFuniak Springs, Florida, is named for him.

Biography
De Funiak was born in Rome, Papal States, on August 5, 1839, and came to America in 1862. He enlisted in the Confederate Army as captain in the engineering department and later was promoted to lieutenant-colonel. After the war ended in 1865 he became resident engineer for the Memphis and Charleston Railroad, and in 1869 was appointed chief engineer of the Ripley Railroad. In 1870, the Memphis & Charleston, the Mississippi Central Railroad, and the East Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia Railway roads sent Colonel De Funiak abroad to study European railroad construction methods, and when he returned a year later, he accepted the position of superintendent of machinery with the Louisville & Nashville. Later he was, for a number of years, general manager of that railroad. He retired in 1884. De Funiak died at his residence in Louisville, Kentucky, on March 29, 1905, at age 65.

References

19th-century American railroad executives
Confederate States Army officers
1839 births
1905 deaths
Immigrants to the United States
Military personnel from Louisville, Kentucky
Emigrants from the Papal States