omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
1975 Devastation Glacier landslide. The 1975 Devastation Glacier landslide was a massive rock avalanche that originated from Devastation Glacier on the southern flank of the Mount Meager massif on July 22, 1975. It had a volume of  and buried and killed a group of four geologists at the confluence of Devastation Creek and Meager Creek.

References

Landslides in Canada
Natural disasters in British Columbia
Mount Meager massif
1975 in British Columbia
1970s landslides
1975 natural disasters
20th-century volcanic events
1975 disasters in Canada
Volcanic landslides
Holocene British Columbia
EFDC Explorer. EFDC+ Explorer (formerly EFDC_Explorer) (EE) is a Windows-based GUI for pre- and post processing of the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC). The program is developed and supported by the engineering company DSI. EFDC+ Explorer is designed to support model set-up, grid generation (Cartesian and orthogonal curvilinear), testing, calibration, and visualization of model results (Craig, 2020).  EE supports hydrodynamics, sediment/toxics transport, particle tracking and the coupled water quality model HEM3D.

EFDC was originally developed at Virginia Institute of Marine Science (Hamrick, 1992). It is open-source software and is a widely used, EPA accepted model.  DSI continues to develop EFDC using the name EFDC+. Enhancements include adding multithreading capability and more recently full parallel computing with MPI (Message Passing Interface). EFDC+ Explorer is part of the EE Modeling System (EEMS) which includes EFDC+, the enhanced version of EFDC, and Grid+, a curvilinear Cartesian grid generator, which replaces the earlier CVLGrid.

A plugin for US EPA's watershed management and TMDL development tool, BASINS, was recently developed. This allows BASINS to create EFDC+ models.

EFDC+/EFDC+ Explorer Functions
EFDC Pre- & Post-Processing
2D & 3D Animations
Model Results Visualization
Data vs. Model Comparisons
Real-time data processing and simulation

Simulation of: 

Hydrodynamics
Sediment transport
Chemical fate & transport
Water quality
Shellfish farms
Wave impacts and wind wave generation
Lagrangian Particle Tracking
Ice Formation and Melt
Marine Hydrokinetics
Habitat analysis using Instream Flow Incremental Method
Propeller Wash

Example applications
EFDC+ Explorer has been in distribution since 2003, and is now being used in over 60 countries.

Newtown Creek, New York City: Newtown Creek was proposed as a potential Superfund site in September 2009, and received that designation on September 27, 2010. EFDC and EFDC+ Explorer are being used to support the remedial investigation and feasibility study to prepare for environmental remediation. 

Ohio River, USA: "This model of the Ohio River was designed to assist in a storm impacts study for Cincinnati City. The study related to the evaluation of combined sewer overflows (CSOs) and other wet weather impacts on the water quality on the Ohio River, and to evaluate resulting benefits from certain abatement scenarios."

Lake Washington, WA, "DSI has developed the Lake Washington Real-time Temperature Simulation as an example of a real-time data and modeling facility to serve the scientific community in Seattle, Washington, US."

References

External links 
 Environmental Protection Agency EFDC 
 EFDC+ Explorer Modeling System Website
 EFDC+ Explorer Knowledge Base
EFDC+ Theory Guide
Lake Washington Real-time Temperature Simulation

Simulation software
Cloud engineering. Cloud engineering is the application of engineering disciplines to cloud computing. It brings a systematic approach to concerns of commercialization, standardization, and governance of cloud computing applications. In practice, it leverages the methods and tools of engineering in conceiving, developing, operating and maintaining cloud computing systems and solutions. It is about the process of designing the systems necessary to leverage the power and economics of cloud resources to solve business problems.

Core features
Cloud engineering is a field of engineering that focuses on cloud services, such as "software as a service", "platform as a service", and "infrastructure as a service". It is a multidisciplinary method encompassing contributions from diverse areas such as systems engineering, software engineering, web engineering, performance engineering, information technology engineering, security engineering, platform engineering, service engineering, risk engineering, and quality engineering. The nature of commodity-like capabilities delivered by cloud services and the inherent challenges in this business model drive the need for cloud engineering as the core discipline.

Elements of Cloud Engineering include:
 Foundation: the fundamental basics, concepts, guiding principles, and taxonomy
 Implementation: the building blocks and practice guides for Cloud realization
 Lifecycle: the end-to-end iteration of Cloud development and delivery
 Management: the design-time and run-time Cloud management from multiple perspectives

Software
There are many existing platforms available for cloud engineering, enabling a variety of adaptive environments for architectural framework design, access point sharing, and data retrieval analytics. Platform virtualization is also available, allowing multimodal hypervisor operating system interface relay within the cloud database.

History
The notion of cloud engineering in the context of cloud computing had been sparsely used in discussions, presentations and talks in various occasions in the middle of the 2000s. The term of cloud engineering was formally coined around 2007 and the concept of cloud engineering was officially introduced in April 2009. Various aspects and topics of this subject have been extensively covered in a number of industry events. Extensive research has been conducted on specific areas in cloud engineering, such as development support for cloud patterns, and cloud business continuity services. The first IEEE International Conference on Cloud Engineering (IC2E) took place on March 25–28, 2013 and the second conference was held on March 10–14, 2014.

See also
 Computer science
 Cloud computing

References

Further reading
 Babcock, Charles (June 22, 2011.) "'Engineering Cloud' Promises To Modernize Manufacturing.", from Information Week.
 Dharma, Krish. "Engineering Design Meets Cloud Technology." from Mbtmag.com
 Williams, Peter; Cox, Simon (June 2009.) "Engineering in the Cloud: An Engineering Software + Services Architecture Forged in Turbulent Times", MSDN Architecture Center

Engineering disciplines
Cloud computing
Government Polytechnic, Pune. Government Polytechnic, Pune is an autonomous institute in Pune, Maharashtra, India. It gained academic autonomy in May 1994.

Departments
Department of Civil Engineering
 Department of Electrical Engineering
 Department of Electronics and Telecommunication
 Department of Metallurgy
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
 Department of Computer Engineering
 Department of Information and Technology Engineering
 Department of Dress Designing And Garment Manufacturing

History
This institute was created by Board of Technical Education, Maharashtra State, India. Government of Maharashtra granted initial funding and started 3 years Diploma in Engineering courses. Initial years the Institute did not have its own building and class rooms. They used College of Engineering, Pune premises to conduct classes. Later in the early 1960s they acquired land from Shirole (Patil) family and constructed current building.

The Institute also owns its own boat club next to College of Engineering, Pune. They have fleet of many boats for students to practice and participate in annual race called Regatta. Many past students have enjoyed this rare opportunity to go on boat rides in the junction of two rivers "Mula" and "Mutha".

References

Interview with Prof. Mukund Mahindrakar (Retired)

About the principle http://www.gppune.ac.in/DisplayPage.aspx?page=ga&ItemID=ks

Universities and colleges in Pune
Sound card mixer. A sound card mixer is the analog part of a sound card that routes and mixes sound signals. This circuit receives inputs from both external connectors and the sound card's digital-to-analog converters. It selects or mutes, amplifies (with variable gain) these signals, adds them together, and finally routes the result to both external output connectors and the sound card's analog-to-digital converters. Different mixing schemes are in use, but the ones implemented in most IBM-PC compatible computers today are variants of a scheme defined in Intel's AC'97 Audio Component Specification.

Mixer controls 
Sound card mixer controls are provided through the GUI interface in the computer's operating system. On most desktop environments, the mixer can be accessed via a Volume icon in the system tray.

Mixer controls are similar to that of a mixing console. They consist of volume sliders or rotary controls that represent each individual source, which may be accompanied by balance and mute controls. Most interfaces provide a method of switching between playback (output) sources and recording (input) sources. Additional hardware or software may add other effects such as low-pass filters, distortion and boost controls.

Mixing scheme 
The following schematic shows a greatly simplified example of how some sound card's mixers manipulate sound from different sources:

A more accurate depiction of the mixing scheme used in AC'97 compatible sound cards can be seen in Figure 17 of the AC'97 spec.

Typical input channels and controls 
Each of the following signal sources has its own gain and mute control in a typical mixer scheme:

Typical output channels and controls 
Each of the following signal destinations has its own gain and mute control in a typical mixer scheme:

Typical record controls 
In a typical AC’97 style mixer scheme, the analog-to-digital converters that allow the CPU to receive audio signal can either be connected directly to one of each of the inputs, or they can be connected to the same summation result that the mixer can provide via the line, aux and mono analog outputs. Therefore, in addition to the above input and output gain controls, a mixer also provides a number of controls for selecting the recording source. The result of this selection is again subject to a mute and gain control before it is digitized.

References

Sound cards
Polysoude. Polysoude is a French welding company headquartered in Nantes. Its Holding Company, GWT Group (Global Welding Technologies), is located in Austria. Founded in 1961, Polysoude designs, manufactures and sells equipment and installations for orbital and mechanised welding as well as cladding. All the welding solutions for arc-welding are proposed. 85% of its turnover is generated abroad.

History 

Polysoude was created in 1961 focusing engineering and development on its first installations for orbital welding. The origin of its creation came from a specific request for the construction of power stations, with technical specifications requiring flawless and repetitive welds in order to guarantee a maximum level of security. Since then subsidiaries and offices now deal with the export market.

Direct Sales Network:
Dates of the creation of subsidiaries and offices: ,

1993 Acquisition of ASTRO ARC POLYSOUDE Inc. In the United States.
2004	POLYSOUDE SHANGHAI Co. Ltd. China.
2005	POLYSOUDE AUSTRIA GmbH Austria.
2006	POLYSOUDE WT 000 Moscow, Russia.
2006	POLYSOUDE SUISSE S.A. Switzerland.
2007	POLYSOUDE ITALIA Spa  Italy.
2009 POLYSOUDE Czech Republic.
2011	POLYSOUDE DEUTSCHLAND GmbH Germany.
2011	POLYSOUDE Brazil.

Industries 
Industries using orbital and mechanised welding:
    
           
Construction of nuclear power plants
Nuclear industry
Boilermaking industry
Construction of heat exchangers 
Petroleum industry (on/off shore)
           
Aviation and Aerospace Industries 
Micro electronics (chip production)
Food industry
Pharmaceutical industry
Chemical industry

References

External links

"French tube fabricator meets volume increase with orbital welding." (Article)

Engineering companies of France
Companies based in Pays de la Loire
French companies established in 1961
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (abbreviated TCBB) is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal. It is a joint publication of the IEEE Computer Society, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), IEEE Computational Intelligence Society (CIS), and the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. It is published in cooperation with the IEEE Control Systems Society.

The journal covers research related to:
 algorithmic, mathematical, statistical, and computational methods used in bioinformatics and computational biology
 development and testing of effective computer programs in bioinformatics
 development and optimization of biological databases
 biological results that are obtained from the use of these methods, programs, and databases
 the field of systems biology

References

External links
 

Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics
Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics
Bioinformatics and computational biology journals
Bimonthly journals
Academic journals established in 2004
English-language journals
Stimulsoft Reports. Stimulsoft Company is a software manufacturer in the sphere of Business Intelligence, data analysis, and processing. It develops reporting tools for a variety of platforms while keeping full compatibility between products. Stimulsoft Company provides software for Business Intelligence in the Reporting Tool category.

Stimulsoft Products
Stimulsoft is a company that offers solutions for report creation and viewing, which work on various platforms and devices. For Windows and macOS users, Stimulsoft has standalone applications and specialized components for different technologies.

Awards 

 SQL Server Magazine: A bronze medal winner of the “2008 Editor’s Best Awards”;
 The Tabby Awards /Business 2014 Winner.
 Component Source Top 100 Bestselling Publisher Award 2009-2010;
 Component Source Top 100 Bestselling Publisher Award 2010-2011.
 Component Source Top 100 Bestselling Publisher Award 2011-2012.
 Component Source Top 100 Bestselling Publisher Award 2012-2013.
 Component Source Top 100 Bestselling Publisher Award 2013-2014.
 Component Source Top 100 Bestselling Publisher Award 2014-2015.
 Component Source Top 100 Bestselling Publisher Award 2016.
 Component Source Top 50 Bestselling Publisher Award 2017.
 Component Source Top 50 Bestselling Publisher Award 2018.
 Component Source Top 50 Bestselling Publisher Award 2019.
 Component Source Top 100 Bestselling Publisher Award 2020.
 Component Source Top 50 Bestselling Publisher Award 2021.
 Component Source Top 50 Bestselling Publisher Award 2022.
 Component Source Top 50 Bestselling Publisher Award 2023.
 Component Source Top 25 Bestselling Publisher Award 2024.

References

External links
Stimulsoft Reports official site

Reporting software
Zener effect. In electronics, the Zener effect (employed most notably in the appropriately named Zener diode) is a type of electrical breakdown, discovered by Clarence Melvin Zener. It occurs in a reverse biased p-n diode when the electric field enables tunneling of electrons from the valence to the conduction band of a semiconductor, leading to numerous free minority carriers which suddenly increase the reverse current.

Mechanism
Under a high reverse-bias voltage, the p-n junction's depletion region widens which leads to a high-strength electric field across the junction. Sufficiently strong electric fields enable tunneling of electrons across the depletion region of a semiconductor, leading to numerous free charge carriers. This sudden generation of carriers rapidly increases the reverse current and gives rise to the high slope conductance of the Zener diode.

Relationship to the avalanche effect
The Zener effect is distinct from  avalanche breakdown. Avalanche breakdown involves minority carrier electrons in the transition region being accelerated, by the electric field, to energies sufficient for freeing electron-hole pairs via collisions with bound electrons. The Zener and the avalanche effect may occur simultaneously or independently of one another. In general, diode junction breakdowns occurring below 5 volts are caused by the Zener effect, whereas breakdowns occurring above 5 volts are caused by the avalanche effect. Breakdowns occurring at voltages close to 5 V are usually caused by some combination of the two effects.
Zener breakdown is found to occur at electric field intensity of about .
Zener breakdown occurs in heavily doped junctions (p-type semiconductor moderately doped and n-type heavily doped), which produces a narrow depletion region. The avalanche breakdown occurs in lightly doped junctions, which produce a wider depletion region. Temperature increase in the junction increases the contribution of the Zener effect to breakdown, and decreases the contribution of the avalanche effect.

References

Electrical breakdown
PVC Bendit. PVC Bendit is a tool that uses heat to soften PVC pipe from the inside. It consists of an electrical resistance heating element jacketed in a metal hose with a power supply cable.

Overview
It is primarily used to bend PVC pipe, though it can also be used to bend other thermoplastic tubes and sheets. It works by bringing up the temperature of the pipe or sheet to the softening point of 176 degrees or higher. Naturally, the longer the pipe is on the bender, the hotter and softer it will get.  Once the pipe is softened, it can be formed into different shapes within the limitations of the material.  When cooled, the pipe will retain all of the properties of the original material, but it will have additional stress on the points of the pipe that are stretched or compressed in the bending process.

History
PVC Bendit was designed in late 2010 to early 2011 as a way to bend longer sections of pipe than were possible with other methods. The inventor, Victor Johnson of Manitou Springs, Colorado, was looking for a method to bend long sticks of clear PVC to make a lighting system, and he could not find a method to efficiently bend more than two feet of pipe at a time. After extensive research on the properties of the material, he devised and patented this system.

Applications
Bent PVC by any method can be used for a wide variety of tasks:  fitting-mitigation in plumbing and electrical applications, greenhouses, furniture, assistance with activities of daily living, toys, games, art, refrigeration systems, etc.

References

External links
PVC Canvas

Plumbing
Latimer-Needham Albatross. The Latimer-Needham Albatross was the first British-designed and constructed sailplane, flying in 1930. Only one example of this single-seat, wooden aircraft was built.

Design and development
The RFD Company constructed the Albatross to C.H. Latimer-Needham's design, the first British-designed and built sailplane.  It was a conventional wooden single-seat aircraft, its cantilever high wing having a constant chord centre section and outboard straight-tapered panels from about mid-span.  Ailerons were fitted from the wing tips over most of the outboard sections but here were no flaps or air brakes.  The wing was mounted with slight dihedral on top of the fuselage, which was rectangular in cross section and tapered only a little towards the tail.  There were no fixed rear surfaces, both elevators and rudder being all moving. The elevator, mounted on top of the fuselage, had constant chord apart from a cut-out for rudder movement; the latter was tall, with a vertical leading edge and curved trailing edge.

The Albatross's single-seat open cockpit was at the leading edge of the wing, with a fairing behind the pilot's head reaching aft beyond the trailing edge.  Originally it landed on a skid which was part of a V-shaped ventral extension of the fuselage, running from just behind the nose about half the length of the aircraft. Twin landing wheels were fitted later.

Operational history
Only one Albatross was built, receiving its Certificate of Airworthiness in October 1930. It appeared at the Glider Show held at The Royal Agricultural Hall, Islington in May 1931. It was later sold to Edwin S Griffis, who was killed when the wing failed when it was being launched at the Furness Gliding Club site at Ireleth on 12 August 1936.

Specifications

References

External links
The Göttingen 535 airfoil

1930s British sailplanes
Aviation accidents and incidents in England
Aircraft first flown in 1930
Masak Scimitar. The Masak Scimitar was an American mid-wing, single-seat glider that was designed and constructed by Peter Masak. It first flew in 1995.

The aircraft was destroyed and the designer killed in a soaring accident on 22 May 2004.

Design and development
The Scimitar was intended to use new aerodynamic technology to achieve higher performance in a competition sailplane. The aircraft mated a Schempp-Hirth Ventus fuselage with a wing of the same planform as the Schempp-Hirth Discus, outfitted with an electronic boundary layer control system.

The aircraft was made from carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer and fiberglass with Kevlar wing skins. Its  span wing initially employed a Wortmann FX 79-K-144 airfoil.

The sole example was registered with the US Federal Aviation Administration in the Experimental - Amateur-built category.

Operational history
The aircraft was involved in a minor accident on 25 April 1998 when trying to land after hitting sinking air while ridge soaring near Scrabble, West Virginia. While landing in a short  length field the pilot ground looped the aircraft to avoid hitting a tree.

The Scimitar was destroyed on 22 May 2004 while flying in the US Nationals near Alexandria, Pennsylvania. Masak was attempting to cross a ridge line and struck a tree, resulting in his death. The US National Transportation Safety Board determined the cause of the accident to be "The pilot's failure to maintain airspeed, which resulted in an inadvertent stall/spin. A factor was the turbulent wind conditions." A "nationally known, locally based glider instructor" who assisted the accident investigation stated that if Masak had successfully crossed the ridgeline, "he would have been the only pilot to do so, and probably would have easily won the day," referring to the competition on that day."

Variants
Scimitar I
Original configuration for the FAI 15-Metre Class, with a wing employing a Wortmann FX 79-K-144 airfoil
Scimitar II
Later configuration for the FAI Standard Class, with a wing employing a PM-24 airfoil

Specifications (Scimitar)

See also

References

1990s United States sailplanes
Homebuilt aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1995
SIBA Elektrik G.m.b.H. SIBA Elektrik G.m.b.H is a former German automotive electrical manufacturer, noted as manufacturers of the Dynastart combined starter motor and dynamo, used on many cars, motorcycles and scooters in the 1950s and notable for providing an electric method of reversing, when attached to a two-stroke engine, the engine's running direction, thus providing a way to reverse a vehicle without a reverse gear in the gearbox. A British company SIBA Electric Ltd was established in 1954 to import the Dynastart units, eventually manufacturing themselves from 1957. The German company was sold to BOSCH in 1957, whilst the British company was taken over by Lucas in the same year.

References

Auto parts suppliers of Germany
 
Auto parts suppliers of the United Kingdom
Defunct manufacturing companies of the United Kingdom
Electronics companies established in 1954
Electronics companies disestablished in 1957
1954 establishments in the United Kingdom
1957 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
1957 mergers and acquisitions