omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Amos E. Joel Jr.. Amos Edward Joel Jr. (March 12, 1918 – October 25, 2008) was an American electrical engineer, known for several contributions and over seventy patents related to telecommunications switching systems.

Biography
Joel was born in Philadelphia, and spent portions of his youth living in New York City, where he graduated from DeWitt Clinton High School in the Bronx.

He earned his B.Sc. (1940) and M.Sc. (1942) in electrical engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he worked on the Rockefeller Differential Analyzer (project headed by Vannevar Bush), and a thesis on functional design of relays and switch circuits, advised by Samuel H. Caldwell.
Joel worked at Bell Labs (1940–83) where he first undertook cryptology studies (collaboration with Claude Shannon), followed by studies on electronic switching system that resulted in the 1ESS switch (1948–60). He then headed the development of advanced telephone services (1961–68), which led to several patents, including one on Traffic Service Position System and a mechanism for handoff in cellular communication (1972). The latter invention made mobile telephony widely available by allowing a multitude of callers to use the limited number of available frequencies simultaneously and by allowing the seamless switching of calls from tower to tower as callers traveled.  After 1983, he worked as a consultant to AT&T, developing mechanisms for optical switching.

Joel died in his home in Maplewood, New Jersey, on October 25, 2008, at age 90.

Publications
Electronic Switching: Central Office Systems of the World (IEEE Press, 1976)
With Robert J. Chapuis (eds.):  100 Years of Telephone Switching (1878–1978: Part 1: Manual and Electromechanical Switching), Elsevier 1982.  Part 2:  Electronics, Computers and Telephone Switching (Elsevier, 1990).
A History of Engineering and Science in the Bell System: the Early Years, 1875–1925 (Bell Labs, 1985)
A History of Engineering and Science in the Bell System: Switching Technology, 1925–1975 (Bell Labs)
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (IEEE Press, 1993)

Awards
New Jersey state's outstanding patent (1972)
IEEE Alexander Graham Bell Medal (1976)
Franklin Institute's Stuart Ballantine Medal (1981)
Columbian Medal (Genoa, 1983)
National Academy of Engineering (1981).
ITU Centenary Prize (1983)
Kyoto Prize (1989)
New Jersey Inventor of the Year (1989)
IEEE Medal of Honor (1992)
National Medal of Technology (1993)
National Inventors Hall of Fame (2008)
Marconi Society Lifetime Achievement Award (2009)
Wireless Hall of Fame (2012)

References

1918 births
2008 deaths
American electrical engineers
Fellows of the IEEE
IEEE Medal of Honor recipients
Kyoto laureates in Advanced Technology
MIT School of Engineering alumni
National Medal of Technology recipients
People from Maplewood, New Jersey
Scientists from Philadelphia
Scientists at Bell Labs
People from the Bronx
Jewish American scientists
DeWitt Clinton High School alumni
20th-century American Jews
21st-century American Jews
Presidents of the IEEE Communications Society
Ben G. Streetman. Ben G. Streetman is the former dean of the Cockrell School of Engineering at the University of Texas at Austin. He earned a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Texas in 1966, and became a professor there in 1982. He founded the university's Microelectronics Research Center and holds the Dula D. Cockrell Centennial Chair Emeritus in Engineering. Streetman is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering. He is a fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and the Electrochemical Society. He was awarded the IEEE Education Medal in 1989.

Streetman's academic focus is on semiconductor materials and devices. He is the co-author of Solid State Electronic Devices, along with Dr. Sanjay Banerjee, and author of over 290 articles.

Streetman helped start a workshop on molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE), which is now an annual conference known as NAMBE (North American Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy).

References

External links
Faculty Profile at UT Faculty Bios
University of Texas MBE group

Living people
American electrical engineers
Cockrell School of Engineering alumni
University of Texas at Austin faculty
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Year of birth missing (living people)
China Railways HXN3. The HXN3 () (EMD classification JT56ACe) is a 6000 horsepower (4.5 MW) diesel-electric locomotive designed by Electro-Motive Diesel in the United States for export to China. All JT56ACe locomotives use AC traction motor technology and use the EMD H-Engine as their prime mover. The locomotives are capable of meeting the EPA's Tier 2 emissions regulations.

In September 2005, the People's Republic of China announced an order for 300 JT56ACe locomotives. The locomotives were jointly manufactured by EMD and China's own Dalian Locomotive Works. They are dual cab locomotives.

Number 0301 - 0330 are single cab locomotives. They are coupled back to back and used on Tibet line.

Number 7001 - 7004 are delivered to Shenhua Mining Group.

The locomotive has been deployed to Qinghai–Tibet railway in 2018.

See also
 List of locomotives in China
 Electro-Motive Diesel
 EMD SD90MAC
 EMD 265
 China Railways HXN5

References

 
 CNR Corp. Spec Page

Co′Co′ locomotives
CRRC Dalian locomotives
HXN3
JT56ACe
Railway locomotives introduced in 2008
Standard gauge locomotives of China
Tal Institute. The Tal Institute/ Machon Tal (, Makhon Tal), founded in 1999, is the main women's division of the Jerusalem College of Technology. It is located in the Givat Shaul neighborhood of Jerusalem. Over 1,000 students from Israel and around the world study there.
The uniqueness of the Machon Tal is that it combines engineering and/or management studies with the study of Torah. It is also the only religious school in Israel to offer an academic degree in Nursing. The academic studies are offered at a university level, with full recognition from the Council for Higher Education in Israel. The students come from a broad range of religious backgrounds in Israel and the Diaspora. Due to the large number of olim, the Tal Institute also has a New Olim Department. The department assists the new immigrants in various ways from tutoring in difficult subjects to extra time on tests.

Degrees 
The Tal Institute awards the following degrees:
 Bachelor of Science in: Applied Physics/Electro-Optical Engineering, Applied Physics - Medical Engineering, Software Engineering, Computer Sciences, Computational Chemistry, and Industrial Engineering. 
 Bachelor of Managerial Accounting and Information Systems
 Bachelor of Technical Management & Marketing
 Bachelor of Nursing

Goals 
 To teach the students to incorporate into their secular lives also Torah study and Derech Eretz.
 To train religious engineers and managers that will integrate into the elite technological industry and management staffs of Israel. 
 To allow those who are interested in working in education to receive a teaching degree in addition.

Midreshet Ma'amakim 
Midreshet Ma'amakim () is the Jewish studies program located on the campus; see Midrasha. All students integrate Jewish studies classes from Midreshet Ma'amakim with their regular academic studies.

See also 
 Herzog College
 Lifshitz College of Education
 Machon Gold
 Michlala
 Migdal Oz (seminary)
 Talpiot College of Education

References

External links 
 campus-tal, jct.ac.il

Colleges in Israel
Jerusalem College of Technology
Educational institutions established in 1999
1999 establishments in Israel
Wilmer L. Barrow. Wilmer Lanier Barrow (July 26, 1903 – August 29, 1975) was an American electrical engineer, inventor, teacher, industrial manager, and  a counselor to government agencies. He obtained a BSEE degree in 1926 from Louisiana State University, and a doctorate from the Technical University of Munich in 1931.  During the pre-World War 2 development of radar at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Barrow performed research on microwaves, inventing waveguide in 1936 and the horn antenna in 1938.

He was vice president for research, development and engineering of the Sperry Rand Corporation.

He was elected to the grade of Fellow in the IEEE in 1941, and a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1942. In 1943 he received the IEEE Morris N. Liebmann Memorial Award In 1966 he received the IEEE Edison Medal.

References

1903 births
1975 deaths
American electrical engineers
Fellows of the IEEE
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
IEEE Edison Medal recipients
20th-century American engineers
Microwave engineers
Smoke composition. A smoke composition is a pyrotechnic composition designed primarily to generate smoke. Smoke compositions are used as obscurants or for generation of signaling smokes. Some are used as a payload of smoke bombs and smoke grenades.

Obscurants

Smoke compositions used as obscurants generate large amount of thick, usually white, smoke.

Zinc chloride smoke

White phosphorus
White phosphorus is a popular base for smoke production. It is used in artillery shells, bombs, and grenades.

Signalling

A colored smoke composition can be used for signalling. These are usually based on a low-temperature burning pyrotechnic composition, mixed with a dye that gets vaporized and creates large, colored smoke particles. The composition is often based on an oxidizer (e.g. potassium chlorate, potassium nitrate, or potassium perchlorate), a fuel (e.g. lactose), an optional coolant (e.g. sodium bicarbonate), and one or more dyes.

Fire extinguishing

Smoke with a suitable composition can be used as a fire suppression agent. A pyrotechnic composition similar to black powder, composed of 15% charcoal and 85% potassium nitrate, generates thick smoke composed of particles of mainly potassium carbonate, which has fire extinguishing properties. Two-kilograms smoke grenades, thrown into burning rooms through plate-glass windows, have been used by some European firefighters.

Dispersion of chemicals
Smoke compositions can be used also for creating aerosol of other materials than dyes. Generally the same type of pyrotechnic composition as for colored smokes is used, with the dye being replaced by the desired chemical. The devices usually have the form of smoke bombs.

The best known such application of smoke compositions is in riot control, for dispersion of lachrymatory agents. The agent used is most often CS gas, with less used alternatives CR gas, CN gas and Adamsite.

In agriculture, smoke compositions are used to disperse insecticides and fungicides. Some agents used in this manner are permethrin, cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, imazalil, etc., and some fumigation agents.

Smoke compositions can be also used for weather modification, namely cloud seeding, to provide cloud condensation nuclei for the moisture to precipitate.

References

Pyrotechnic compositions
Smoke

Fire suppression agents
Bernard D. H. Tellegen. Bernard D.H. Tellegen (24 June 1900 – 30 August 1990) was a Dutch electrical engineer and inventor of the pentode and the gyrator. He is also known for a theorem in circuit theory, Tellegen's theorem.

He obtained a master's degree in electrical engineering from Delft University in 1923, and joined the Philips Natuurkundig Laboratorium (Philips Physics Laboratory) in Eindhoven. In 1926, he (and Gilles Holst) invented the pentode vacuum tube. The gyrator was invented by him around 1948. The gyrator is useful to simulate the effect of an inductor without using a coil. For example, it is used in hi-fi graphic equalizers. He held 41 US patents.

In the period 1946–1966, Tellegen was an adjunct professor of circuit theory at the University of Delft. From 1942 to 1952, he was president and honorary member of the Netherlands Electronics and Radio Society.

The Australian Institute of Radio Engineers appointed Tellegen an honorary life member in 1953. He was Fellow of the IEEE, and he won the IEEE Edison Medal in 1973 "For a creative career of significant achievement in electrical circuit theory, including the gyrator". Tellegen was elected a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1960. In 1970, the University of Delft conferred him a doctor honoris causa degree.

References 

1900 births
1990 deaths
Delft University of Technology alumni
Academic staff of the Delft University of Technology
Dutch electrical engineers
20th-century Dutch inventors
Fellows of the IEEE
IEEE Edison Medal recipients
Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
People from Winschoten
Electroetching. Electroetching is a metal etching process  that involves the use of a solution of an electrolyte, an anode, and a cathode. The metal piece to be etched is connected to the positive pole of a source of direct electric current. A piece of the same metal is connected to the negative pole of the direct current source and is called the cathode.

In order to reduce unwanted electrochemical effects, the anode and the cathode should be of the same metal. Similarly the cation of the electrolyte should be of the same metal as well. When the current source is turned on, the metal of the anode is dissolved and converted into the same cation as in the electrolyte and at the same time an equal amount of the cation in the solution is converted into metal and deposited on the cathode.

Depending on the voltage used and the concentration of the electrolyte, other, more complex electrochemical effects can take place at the anode and the cathode but the solution at the anode and deposition at the cathode are the main effects.

See also
 Chemical milling
 Electro-Glo Distribution
 Electropolishing
 Etching
 Nontoxic etching (mentions anodic etching)
 Glass etching
 Surface finishing

Notes

Etching
HPTi. High Performance Technologies, Inc. (HPTi) was an IT consulting firm based in Reston, Virginia.  Founded in 1991, the company is notable for several high-profile solutions for the federal government.  For instance, the company developed a Linux-based supercomputer for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) that ranked as the 8th fastest supercomputer in the world in 2002.  HPTi also developed the Secure Payment System for the Department of the Treasury - a system that processes payments totaling $1.5 trillion annually.  HPTi was recently in the news for winning the American Business Award for Best Executive (Computer Hardware or Services in 2007), Best Technical Professional (2008 and 2009), Best Support Staffer (2007) and Best Overall Company (2009).  HPTi was wholly acquired by Dynamics Research Corporation in June, 2011.

HPTi was the prime contractor on the Department of Defense's (DoD) premier applied research contracts—the User Productivity Enhancement, Technology Transfer and Training (PETTT) contract for the DoD's High Performance Computing Modernization Office (HPCMO). HPTi collaborates with government labs and coordinates research universities and private companies of the PETTT team to produce meaningful and timely science and engineering solutions for America's warfighters. The team includes Texas Advanced Computing Center, Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center, and 19 other university and industry partners. The contract's objectives include collaboration, HPC tool development, and enhanced productivity.

In 2009, HPTi was awarded the Medallion of Excellence by the Senate Productivity and Quality Award for Virginia. The process award recognizes companies with mature, well-deployed, and successful business processes and procedures. HPTi was awarded the Plaque for Progress in Performance Excellence for three years before obtaining the program's highest honor. The program emulates the Baldrige Award - the U.S. presidential award for performance excellence.

The company was named as the recipient of the American Business Ethics Award in 2009 (mid-sized company).

HPTi had relationships with the technology departments of several universities. They host an annual algorithm competition at James Madison University. They also run a problem solving competition at Penn State University. A site for the competitions exists at https://web.archive.org/web/20110208104650/http://hptichallenge.com/

References

Information technology consulting firms of the United States
Companies based in Virginia
Robert M. L. Baker Jr.. Robert M. L. Baker Jr. (born September 1, 1930) is an American physicist. He earned a bachelor's degree in physics at UCLA summa cum laude, was elected to Phi Beta Kappa, and earned a master's degree in physics and a Ph.D. in engineering at UCLA. The Ph.D. in engineering, with a specialization in aerospace, was, according to UCLA officials, the first of its kind to be granted in the United States. Baker was a lecturer and assistant professor at UCLA, in astronomy (1959–63) and the Department of Engineering and Applied Science (1963–71). During that time he was also a lecturer at the United States Air Force Academy.

While on a two-year tour of active duty in the United States Air Force, he worked on a variety of classified aerospace projects. In 1961, he became the director of the Lockheed's Astrodynamics Research Center in Bel Air, California. In 1964, Baker joined Computer Sciences Corporation as associate manager for mathematical analysis. In 1980, he was elected president of West Coast University, an accredited university for the adult learner (now operating under the auspices of American Career College in Los Angeles).

After retiring from West Coast University in 1997, Baker became the senior consultant for Transportation Sciences Corporation and Gravwave LLC.

Baker won the UCLA Physics Prize, the Dirk Brouwer Award for outstanding contributions in astrodynamics and orbital mechanics, and the Outstanding Man of the Year Junior Chamber of Commerce award in 1965 presented to him by Ronald Reagan.

See also
 Gravitational wave

References

 Robert M L Baker Jr., "Drag interactions of meteorites with the Earth’s atmosphere," Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the degree of Ph.D. at UCLA, May, 1958.
 R. M L Baker Jr. with M.W. Makemson, An Introduction to Astrodynamics, Academic Press, New York, October, 358 pages, 1960.
 R. M L Baker Jr. and M.W. Makemson, Proceedings of the 1961 International Astronautics Federation. Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1961.
 Robert M L Baker Jr., Astrodynamics: Applications and Advanced Topics, Academic Press, New York, 1967.
 R. M L Baker Jr. and M.W. Makemson, An Introduction to Astrodynamics, 2nd ed, Academic Press, New York, 1967.
 Robert M L Baker Jr., Carl Sagan, and Thorton Page, UFO’s a Scientific Debate, Chapter 8, Cornell University Press, 1972.
 United States Patent Number 6,417,597 B1, “Gravitational Wave Generator,” July 9, 2002. and People's Republic of China Patent Number 10055882.2, September 2, 2005.

External links
 Dr. Robert Baker's home page
 GravWave website

1930 births
Living people
21st-century American physicists
UCLA Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
UCLA Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science faculty
Digital duplicator. A digital duplicator, also known as a printer-duplicator, is a printing technology designed for high-volume, repetitive print jobs (100 copies or more). Digital duplicators can provide a reliable and cost efficient alternative to toner-based copiers or offset printing equipment.

The digital duplicator begins by digitally scanning the original and then transferring it to a master template through a thermal imaging process. Then the master is automatically wrapped around a print cylinder, where the ink is drawn through the perforations in the master creating the print.

Digital duplicators are known for their high speed in comparison to other printing methods. They are able to produce anywhere from 45 to 180 prints per minute, while maintaining a per page cost that can be as low as 1/3 of a cent. They are also considered reliable because they do not use heat or copier components, such as toner.

References

Office equipment
Printing devices
VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study. The VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study (VOCALS) is an international field experiment started in 2006 designed by World Climate Research Programme's core project CLIVAR to better understand physical and chemical processes central to the climate system of the Southeast Pacific region. The program was organized in two parts: the VOCALS Regional Experiment (VOCALS-Rex)
, and the VOCALS Numerical Modeling (VOCALS-Mod).

VOCALS-REx occurred in October and November 2008. It makes up a great deal of the CLIVAR program, (VOCALS) was designed to promote scientific enterprises in the Southeastern Pacific, in order to better understand coupled ocean-atmosphere-land system on diurnal to interannual timescales.

VOCALS-REx will also provide datasets for the evaluation and development of large scale numerical models. VOCALS-REx is in five research aircraft, two ships and two surface sites in Northern Chile.

Research papers summarizing the results of the program are published in special issue 184 of Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, a journal of the European Geosciences Union.

References

External links
 

Climatological research
Meteorology research and field projects
Wilhelm Keim. Wilhelm Keim (1 December 1934 – 30 September 2018) was a German chemist and professor of chemistry at the Technical Chemistry and former director of the Institute for Technical and Petrol Chemistry at RWTH Aachen in Germany.

Wilhelm Keim was one of the key figures in the development of the SHOP – process (Shell higher olefin process). SHOP-olefines have a broad range of applications in industrial chemistry, e.g. for the modification of polyethylene as ethylene-alpha-olefine-copolymere, as source for synthetic fatty alcohols or olefine sulfonates.

He studied chemistry at the Münster and Saarbrücken University. He earned his PhD degree from Max Planck Institute for Coal Research in Mülheim an der Ruhr, having studied under Karl Ziegler. After several years in the chemical industry he became professor at the RWTH Aachen, where he was the director of the Institute for Technical and Petrol chemistry. He retired in 2001.

Keim has received numerous prestigious honours including member of board of the Degussa AG, member of the board of directors of the GDCh (Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker) till 1996, chairman of the board of the DGMK Deutsche Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft für Erdöl, Erdgas und Kohle e.V., honorary professor of the technical university in Dalian (China), honorary professor of the university in Hangzhou (China), adjunct professor Dharan King Fahd University (Saudi Arabia), Dr. Honoris Causa Université Lille Nord de France, Dr. Honoris Causa,  member of Academia Europaea, and honorary member of the DECHEMA.

Publications 
  Grundlagen der industriellen Chemie : techn. Produkte u. Prozesse / Wilhelm Keim;  Arno Behr; Günter Schmitt,  (Salle); 3-7941-2553-3 (Sauerländer)

References 

1934 births
2018 deaths
People from Oberhausen
20th-century German chemists
Members of Academia Europaea
Academic staff of RWTH Aachen University
Foreign members of the Russian Academy of Sciences