omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Critical area (aeronautics). In aviation, a critical area refers to a designated area of an airport that all aircraft, vehicles, persons or physical obstructions must remain clear of when one or more Instrument Landing Systems (ILS) are in use, to protect against signal interference or attenuation that may lead to navigation errors, or accident. Critical areas also protect the ILS system's internal monitoring.

ILS technology delivers two main types of information to pilots. These types include the glideslope (vertical location relative to the designed glide path) and the localizer (lateral position relative to the designed approach course). Each type of information is broadcast using a separate antenna array and each type has a specific critical area:

 Localizer critical area – aircraft/vehicles/persons or physical obstructions are not authorized in or over the critical area when an arriving aircraft is between the ILS final approach fix and the airport.
 Glideslope critical area – aircraft/vehicles/persons or physical obstructions are not authorized in or over the critical area when an arriving aircraft is between the ILS final approach fix and the airport unless the aircraft has reported the airport in sight and is circling or sidestepping to land on a runway other than the ILS runway.

For practical purposes, these two areas are combined into the ILS critical area and identified by signs and pavement markings.

During times of reduced ceilings and visibility (800 ft/2 miles) or during ILS autoland (coupled) approaches pilots are expected to:

 Before takeoff – stop aircraft before entering the critical area while waiting for takeoff.
 After landing – move the aircraft out of the critical area before stopping to receive taxi instructions from the ground controller.

Much larger than the critical area is the sensitive area. Aircraft and vehicles are not allowed in this area when low visibility procedures are in force, since aircraft autoland during this time and therefore the accuracy of the guidance signals provided by the ILS is absolutely critical.

Multipathing is a potential error in the ILS system, which may affect the glideslope and/or the localizer. This occurs when the radio signals reaching the aircraft are distorted because a large metal object moves into the radiation zone of the transmitter, such as when an aircraft is flying ahead or a taxiing aircraft or truck enters the ILS critical area.

Air navigation
Airport infrastructure
E7. E7, E07, E-7 or E7 may refer to:

Science and engineering
 E7 liquid crystal mixture
 E7, the Lie group in mathematics
 E7 polytope, in geometry
 E7 papillomavirus protein
 E7 European long distance path

Transport
 EMD E7, a diesel locomotive
 European route E07, an international road
 Peugeot E7, a hackney cab
 PRR E7, a steam locomotive
 Carbon Motors E7, a  police car
 E7 series, a Japanese high-speed train
 Nihonkai-Tōhoku Expressway and Akita Expressway (between Kawabe JCT and Kosaka JCT), route E7 in Japan
 Cheras–Kajang Expressway, route E7 in Malaysia

Other uses
 Boeing E-7, either:
 Boeing E-7 ARIA, the original designation assigned by the United States Air Force under the Mission Designation System to the EC-18B Advanced Range Instrumentation Aircraft.
 Boeing E-7 Wedgetail, the designation assigned by the Royal Australian Air Force to the Boeing 737 AEW&C (airborne early warning and control) aircraft.
 Economy 7, an electricity tariff
 E-7 enlisted rank in the military of the United States
 E7, a musical note in the seventh octave
 E-7, the original designation for the EC-18 ARIA electronic warfare aircraft
 E7, a postcode district in the E postcode area for east London
 European Aviation Air Charter, by IATA airline designator
 Nokia E7, a smart phone
 Samsung Galaxy E7, a smart phone
 E07, a number station allegedly used by Russia, and nicknamed "The English Man"
 Eureka Seven

See also
 7E (disambiguation)
Marc Ewing. Marc Ewing is an American computer engineer and entrepreneur. He is the creator and originator of the Red Hat brand of software, most notably the Red Hat range of Linux operating system distributions. He was involved in the 86open project in the mid-1990s.

Early life
The son of an IBM programmer, Marc Ewing attended computer camps as a child, and spent time learning to write programs for Apollo and Commodore computers. He graduated from Carnegie Mellon University in 1992. While at CMU, he was known to wear a red hat. Because of his computer expertise, people would ask for help from the "man in the red hat".

Career
Following his college education, Ewing began work as engineer at IBM. While at IBM, he spent substantial time customizing Linux workstation installations. From this work, he began the Red Hat Linux Project. Ewing and co-founder Bob Young named their software Red Hat after Ewing's red hat.

At the height of the dot com bubble in 1999, Ewing briefly had a net worth of 900 million dollars.

Ewing left Red Hat, and co-founded the mountaineering-focused Alpinist quarterly publication in 2002. He later began competing in desert racing, and co-founded the Riot Racing team in 2008.

References

External links 
 http://www.salon.com/tech/view/1999/10/04/marc_ewing/

Red Hat people
Open source people
Living people
Carnegie Mellon University alumni
IBM employees
1969 births
Slip sheet. A Slip sheet  is “a corrugated, solid fiber, or plastic sheet onto which a unit load can be assembled.  A protruding short panel can be grasped by the jaws of a pull-pack truck and the load pulled back onto the pull-pack platform.”

Construction
Several constructions are available. replacing traditional wooden pallets.  The unit load is usually stretch wrapped or shrink wrapped for stability.

Many are constructed corrugated fiberboard or a thick solid fiber sheet.  They are typically the size of a pallet or of the load to go on a pallet.  One or more sides has a lip which extends from the load to allow grasping by a special push-pull attachment on a modified fork truck.  

Plastic slip sheets can be made of corrugated plastic or a molded shape.  Sometimes the lip on the slipsheet can extend on all sides resembling a tray or shallow basket. These slip sheets are well suited to a returnable and reusable closed-loop system,

Use
A common usage would be for the slip sheet to be placed on a pallet and loaded with boxes or bags.  This loaded pallet might be going to a warehouse for storage:  most slip sheets are not rigid enough to support loads in warehouse racks.  
When needed, the load can be called to the loading dock where a special fork lift truck will grab the lip of the slip sheet and pull it onto a flat steel platform.  Some roller platforms are also available.
  

The slip sheet and load are then loaded onto a truck, rail car, of intermodal container and placed on the floor. This reduces the volume and weight of the pallet for shipment. At the end of the shipment, similar fork trucks with puch-pull attachments grab the loads and place them on pallets for further storage, distribution, or use,

Comparison with pallets
Each system has some advantages.  A thorough analysis is useful to determine all cost factors for a particular situation.   The primary advantages of a slip sheet system, is the reduction in material cost compared with a pallet and the ability to increase the density of packages per truck or shipping container.  The disadvantages might include the need for special handling equipment at both ends of the shipment.

See also
 Packaging and labeling
 Pallet inverter

References

Further reading
 
 
 
 MHIA/ANSI MH1–2005 Pallets, Slip Sheets, and Other Bases for Unit Loads

External links
 

Freight transport
Material handling
Material-handling equipment
Packaging
Window capping. In construction, capping or window capping (window cladding, window wrapping) refers to the application of aluminum or vinyl sheeting cut and formed with a brake to fit over the exterior, wood trim of a building. The aluminum is intended to make aging trim with peeling paint look better, reduce future paint maintenance, and provide a weather-proof layer to control the infiltration of water.

Overview
The capping application must direct water away from the original under-lying wood material and prevent infiltration of water into the structure. Cladding applied to exterior window and door casing (brick-moulding) and their associated parts is often referred to as window capping or window cladding. This sort of capping is typically applied in order to eliminate the need to re-paint wood window trim. The aluminum capping helps to prevent wood rot by protecting the wood from water and snow. However, capping will exacerbate wood rot if the moisture in the wood is coming from inside the building or the capping leaks. Good installation of capping allows for an outlet for water in the event of a leak. Caulking and sealant materials may be used to help prevent leaks but these products are not considered reliable in the long-term.

A sill that has been clad should provide a "drip cap" or "drip-control" function. This will serve to direct water away from the wall surface directly underneath the sill. The leading edge of the sill must be the lowest point on the sill to ensure that water does not wick into the sill material.

Window capping may provide a marginal increase in energy efficiency by decreasing the potential for drafts by providing an extra barrier between the exterior and the interior.

The most common material used in residential window capping is factory painted aluminum. An alternative to factory painted aluminum is to use a vinyl coated aluminium material.

Aluminum capping can be painted so long as the painter is highly skilled and knowledgeable in the field of metal painting.

Criticisms
Capping can hide problems rather than fix them. Aluminum and vinyl are impermeable materials so the natural transfer of moisture through the wood trim will be trapped when it reaches the capping material. The quality of paint on some aluminum coil stock begins to chalk or fade in about five years so the claim of being maintenance free can be misleading.

References

Building engineering
RoboTurb. RoboTurb is a welding robot used to repair turbine blades developed at Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. It is a redundant robot with a flexible rail.

The Roboturb project started in 1998 at the Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina initially with the support of the Brazilian Government and the public power utility
company COPEL – Companhia Paranaense de Energia Eletrica.

Three phases followed, and now the project is mainly maintained by another  public power utility company  FURNAS – Furnas Centrais Eletricas.

References

External links 
 RoboTurb Project (2004).  The Roboturb Project. In Portuguese Retrieved Dec. 5, 2004.
 Robotics Laboratory at UFSC.  Robotics laboratory.  Retrieved Oct. 12, 2006.

Industrial robots
1988 robots
Robots of Brazil
Model 204. Model 204 (M204) is a database management system for IBM and compatible mainframe computers developed and commercialized by Computer Corporation of America. It was announced in 1965, and first deployed in 1972. It incorporates a programming language and an environment for application development.  Implemented in assembly language for IBM System/360 and its successors, M204 can deal with very large databases and transaction loads of 1000 TPS.

Product description
Model 204 relies on its own type of bitmap index, originally devised by Bill Mann, and combines the use of hash table, B-tree, and partitioned record list technologies to optimize speed and efficiency of database access.

It has been described as "one of the three major inverted-list [database
systems] ... the other two being" ADABAS and ADR's Datacom/DB.

Although M204 is a pre-SQL (and pre-relational) database product, it is possible to manually map the files of an M204 database to approximate SQL equivalents and provide some limited SQL functionality using Model 204 SQL Server.

Users 
Model 204 is commonly used in government and military applications. 

It was used commercially in the UK by Marks & Spencer.  It was also used at the Ventura County Property Tax system in California, the Harris County, Texas, Justice Information Management System, and in the New York City Department of Education's Automate The Schools system.  An informal list of past and present Model 204 users, compiled in 2010, identified more than 140 organizations worldwide. Beginning in 1986, it was used by the US Navy Fleet Intelligence Center Europe and Atlantic (FICEURLANT).

Model 204 has been a central part of Australian social security for decades. Services Australia have used it for their ISIS system that pays over $110 billion in welfare payments to around 6 million Australians. A 1.5 billion Australian dollar project to replace ISIS was expected to be completed in 2022 but was delayed. The project was scrapped in July 2023 having spent AUD 191 million, since the replacement system (based on Pegasystems business process automation software) took minutes to complete tasks Model 204 could complete in seconds.

In a 2014 media interview, then Treasurer of Australia Joe Hockey stated that the Australian social security system and the Pentagon were the only remaining active Model 204 customers in the world.

Corporate information
Add-on products for Model 204 database were formerly available from Sirius Software, Inc.

Sirius, located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, was acquired by Rocket Software in 2012.

See also 
Entity–attribute–value model

References

External links 
Model 204 at Rocket Software
Model 204 at Sirius Software
An example of Model 204 User Language programming

Proprietary database management systems
IBM mainframe software
Curt Engelhorn. Curt Rudolf Glover Engelhorn (25 May 1926 – 13 October 2016) was a German billionaire heir and businessman, the great-grandson of Friedrich Engelhorn, the founder of the chemical company BASF.

Early life and education
Engelhorn was born 25 May 1926 in Munich, Germany to Kurt Maria Engelhorn and Anita Engelhorn (née Schlemmer). He graduated with a bachelor's degree in chemical engineering from the University of Texas at Austin.

Career
Engelhorn led the pharmaceutical companies Boehringer Mannheim and DePuy Inc. for more than three and a half decades. In 1997, he sold the two firms (in which together he had a 40% stake) to Hoffmann-La Roche for more than $10 billion.

In 2008, it was announced that Engelhorn would be donating 400,000 euros annually over 10 years to support American studies at the Heidelberg Center for American Studies.

Until 2012, Engelhorn owned Five Star Island, Bermuda a major share holding in a Bermuda registered German pharmaceutical multinational Corange Ltd.

Since late 2013, there have been ongoing investigations by the German authorities concerning suspected tax frauds between Engelhorn and his daughters, avoiding capital transfer taxes of up to 440 million euros (US$475 million). As of January 2016, the family's lawyers conceded capital transfer tax evasions in the amount of Euro 135 million (US$145 million) to the court.

Personal life
Engelhorn is the great-grandson of Friedrich Engelhorn, the founder of the German chemical company BASF. He was married with five children and lived in Gstaad, Switzerland, with other homes in Costa Brava, Spain and on the Côte d'Azur, France.

As of March 2016, according to Forbes, Engelhorn had a net worth of $6.2 billion. He died on 13 October 2016, aged 90.

Other
In 2012, it was discovered that an authentic 12th-century cloister had been used as a pool decoration in one of Engelhorn's Spanish estates, hidden from the public and the Spanish conservation authorities for more than half a century.

See also
List of billionaires

References

1926 births
2016 deaths
Swiss businesspeople
German billionaires
German expatriates in Switzerland
Engelhorn family
People from Gstaad
20th-century German businesspeople
21st-century German businesspeople
People named in the Paradise Papers
Robert Bosch Jr.. Robert Bosch Jr. (29 January 1928 in Stuttgart – 2 August 2004 in Gerlingen) was the son of Robert Bosch and owned together with his sister, Eva Madelung, 8% of Robert Bosch GmbH.

He studied electrical engineering in Stuttgart. He was married to Irmgard von Graevenitz.  From 1971 to 1978 he was a member of the supervisory board.

External links
Forbes.com: Forbes World's Richest People  Dead Link
Robert Bosch der Jüngere gestorben
 Biography in Muzinger

German industrialists
German billionaires
1928 births
2004 deaths
Businesspeople from Stuttgart
20th-century German businesspeople
21st-century German businesspeople
Bosch (company) people
UAS. UAS may refer to:

People
Abdul Somad

Education
 Undergraduate Ambassadors Scheme, UK
 University of Agricultural Sciences (disambiguation)
 University of Alaska Southeast
 University of Alabama System
 University of Applied Sciences
 University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad
 Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, or Autonomous University of Sinaloa
 Uruguayan American School
 Acronym for University of Applied Sciences

Science and technology
 Unidentified aerial system, a military term for an unidentified flying object used for unknown aircraft. 
 Unmanned aircraft system, which includes a UAV (or drone) and a ground control station
 Upstream activating sequence, a genetic sequence
 USB Attached SCSI, a protocol for transferring data between storage devices 
 User Agent Server, part of the Session Initiation Protocol
 User agent String, text sent over HTTP to identify a web client
 Unity Asset Server, a tool for the  Unity game engine

Other uses
 University Air Squadron
 United Arab States, a former union between the United Arab Republic (Egypt and Syria) and North Yemen
 Universal Animation Studios produces animated films

See also
 UAR (disambiguation)
VSS. VSS may refer to:

Organizations
 Vegetarian Society (Singapore)
 Vernon Secondary School, a high school in Vernon, B.C.
 Veronis Suhler Stevenson, media company
 Victims and Survivors Service, Northern Ireland public body
 Voluntary Sports Societies of the Soviet Union
 FC VSS Košice, a Slovak football club

Science and technology
 Variable structure system, a class of discontinuous nonlinear systems
 Vehicle speed sensor, in automobiles
 Verifiable secret sharing, a cryptographic primitive
 Video surveillance system, cameras and other systems combined together to allow remote video monitoring
 Visual SourceSafe, a source control software system produced by Microsoft
 Vital signs stable, in List of medical abbreviations: V
 Volatile suspended solids, a water quality measure
 Voltage symmetrization system in power engineering
 Volume Snapshot Service, or Shadow Copy, in Microsoft Windows 
 Visual Surround Sound / Visual Surround System : when surround sound is created and perceived with less sources than real surround system.
 VSS (voltage), VSS, a negative power-supply pin in FET ICs

Other
 SNV (typeface), also called VSS
 The VSS, an American rock band
 Virgin Space Ship, name prefix for Virgin Galactic's spacecraft
 VSS Vintorez, a Soviet sniper rifle
 VSTOL Support Ship, a proposed 1970s U.S. Navy light carrier
 Visual snow syndrome, a neurological condition

See also
Buriganga River. The Buriganga (, Buŗigônga, ) is a river in Bangladesh which flows past the southwest outskirts of the capital city, Dhaka. It ranks among the most polluted rivers in the country.

Importance 
The Buriganga is economically very important to Dhaka. Launches and country boats provide connection to other parts of Bangladesh, a largely riverine country.

Pollution 

In the 20th century the water table and river became polluted by polyethene waste and other hazardous substances from demolished buildings near the river banks.

The Buriganga river now ranks among the most polluted rivers in the country. The chemical waste of mills and factories, household waste, medical waste, sewage, dead animals, plastics, and oil are some of the Buriganga's many pollutants. The city of Dhaka discharges about 4,500 tons of solid waste every day, and most of it is released into the Buriganga. According to the Bangladesh Department of Environment,  of toxic waste are released into the river by the tanneries every day. Experts identified nine industrial areas in and around the capital city as the primary sources of river pollution: Tongi, Tejgaon, Hazaribagh, Tarabo, Narayanganj, Savar, Gazipur, Dhaka Export Processing Zone and Ghorashal. Most of the industrial units of these areas have no industrial wastewater treatment plants of their own.

According to the Dhaka Water and Sewerage Authority (WASA), about  of untreated wastewater are released into the lake from Tejgaon, Badda and Mohakhali industrial areas every day. The wastewater mostly comes from garment washing and dyeing plants. Textile industries annually discharge as much as 56 million tonnes of waste and 0.5 million tonnes of sludge. Sewage is also released into the Buriganga.

Because of Dhaka's heavy reliance on river transport for goods, including food, the Buriganga receives especially high amounts of food waste since unusable or rotting portions of fruits, vegetables, and fish are thrown into the river.

History

According to R. C. Majumdar, in the distant past, a course of the Ganges river probably used to reach the Bay of Bengal through the Dhaleshwari River. The Buriganga originated from the Dhaleshwari in the south of Savar, near Dhaka 

When the Mughals made Dhaka their capital in 1610, the banks of the Buriganga were already a prime location for trade. The river was also the city's main source of drinking water.

Gallery

References

External links
 Youtube.com: Time lapse video of the Buriganga River

Rivers of Bangladesh
Geography of Dhaka
Dhaka District
Ganges basin
Environmental issues in Bangladesh
Rivers of Dhaka Division