omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Paul Schlack. Paul Schlack (22 December 1897 – 19 August 1987) was a German chemist. He completed his studies at the Technical University of Stuttgart in 1921 and worked as a research chemist in Copenhagen for a year, before returning to Stuttgart. He received his PhD in 1924. Around this time he developed a keen interest in amide chemistry. He synthesized Nylon 6, widely known by its tradename Perlon, on 29 January 1938 whilst working for IG Farben.

External links

1897 births
1987 deaths
20th-century German chemists
20th-century German inventors
Commanders Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Recipients of the Order of Merit of Baden-Württemberg
Polymer scientists and engineers
Members of the German Academy of Sciences at Berlin
People educated at Eberhard-Ludwigs-Gymnasium
Scientists from Stuttgart
Vektor Grafix. Vektor Grafix was a British computer game development company led by John Lewis and Andy Craven. Vektor Grafix was founded by Craven and Danny Gallagher in 1986. Their first releases were home ports of the Star Wars arcade games. The Leeds-based company then went on to become a developer of mostly 3D simulation games and was eventually bought by MicroProse in July 1992, becoming their development studio.

Games
 Star Wars (ports, 1987)
 Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back (ports, 1988)
 Ring Wars (1988)
 Fighter Bomber / Strike Aces (1988)
 Killing Cloud (1991)
 Shuttle: the Space Flight Simulator (1992)
 B-17 Flying Fortress (1992)
 Dogfight (1993)

References

External links
 Interview with Andy Craven from Crash Magazine

MicroProse
Video game companies established in 1986
Defunct video game companies of the United Kingdom
Video game development companies
Eiki. (Formerly ) is a Japanese company that manufactures LCD and DLP projectors, related accessories and overhead projectors.

History
Eiki was founded in 1953 in Osaka, Japan by four founders (M. Matsuura, S. Yagi, K. Sekino and Y. Minagawa). Initially the focus of the company was producing technology for classroom instruction but later on the company focused more on producing 16 mm movie projectors for other fields. The name Eiki comes from the Japanese term Eishaki meaning projector.

Eiki 16 mm projectors included only half of the moving parts of popular projectors, thus making them less costly and easier to maintain. They were  the largest manufacturer of such projectors.

In 1974, Eiki opened Eiki International, Inc., their USA division in Laguna Niguel, California to distribute its products in the United States. In 1986, the company acquired the business unit of the Bell & Howell company that had originated the audio visual industry some 50 years earlier. In 1988, Eiki Canada was created as a subsidiary of Eiki International, Inc. In 1995, Eiki Deutschland, GmbH became the company's first wholly owned office in Europe. And, in 1997 Eiki Czech was founded to establish a network of dealers across central and eastern Europe.

References

External links
 

Electronics companies established in 1953
Electronics companies of Japan
Display technology companies
Film and video technology
Japanese brands
1953 establishments in Japan
Companies based in Hyōgo Prefecture
Companies established in 1981
Fucoli-Somepal. Fucoli-Somepal (full name: Fucoli-Somepal, Fundição de Ferro, S.A.) is an iron foundry company headquartered in Coimbra, Portugal. The company has its industrial facilities in two locations: Coimbra (in Coselhas), and Mealhada (in the civil parish of Pampilhosa).

History
The company had its origins in the 1940s, being today a result of a merging process of Fucoli and Somepal foundries in 1998. It started its international activities in 1990. Currently, it is among the largest iron casting producers and exporters of Portugal.

External links
Official site

Metal companies of Portugal
Organisations based in Coimbra
Inside contracting. Inside contracting is the practice of hiring contractors who work inside the proprietor's factory.  It replaced the putting out system, where contractors worked in their own facilities.  Inside contracting was the system favored by the Springfield and Harper's Ferry Armories.  Since the manufacturing system developed in the armories also became popular (the American system of manufacturing), manufacturers in the early 19th century tended to hire people trained in the armories as managers.  They brought with them the practice of inside contracting.

The manufacturer hired inside contractors and provided materials and machinery.  Each inside contractor was expected to hire his own employees and meet certain production and quality goals, but everything else was left to him.  As a result, the system rewarded ingenuity, but also rewarded local optimization.  For example, it was to the inside contractor's benefit to allow machinery to deteriorate toward the end of his contract since maintenance was costly and he might not reap the long-term benefit if he didn't get another contract.  The system was eventually replaced with the factory system, in which everyone was an employee of the manufacturer directly.

See also
Independent contractor

References

Late modern economic history
Business economics
Ardeer Platform railway station. Ardeer Platform railway station was a railway station serving the Nobel Industries division of Imperial Chemical Industries near the town of Stevenston, North Ayrshire, Scotland.

History 

Opened in 1896, the station and its associated branch line were known locally as "Nobel's private line", although in reality both the line and station were jointly run by the Glasgow and South Western Railway (G&SWR) and the Lanarkshire and Ayrshire Railway (L&AR). The station was originally called Ardeer Works Platform but at some point the 'Works' title was dropped. The branch became part of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway during the Grouping of 1923, later passed on to the Scottish Region of British Railways on nationalisation in 1948, and eventually closed by the British Railways Board on 3 October 1966.

The station was a long, single platform to accommodate the thousands of personnel that once worked at the factory, and was long enough to accommodate two trains. Originally the platform was wooden but at some point was replaced with a concrete platform. A long shelter was also situated on the platform in later years. The station was primarily used by factory workers however in 1902 the station was used by the various prime ministers of the British Colonies and their guests, along with the provost and magistrates of Glasgow to visit the factory after the Coronation of King Edward VII.

Today the platform still exists although heavily overgrown and in disrepair. The branch from the Ayrshire Coast Line that carried trains to the station still existed (branching off in another direction just before the platform) until the early 2000s, now only a small stub off the main line remains.

Because of the large numbers of workers using the station, a second platform had to be built on the other side of the River Garnock at the so-called 'Snodgrass branch' (named after the former Snodgrass village in the area) in the 1940s. Access to this platform was gained via the Glasgow to Ayr line, just north of Bogside railway station. This branch is now also a small stub.

Future 
Plans for redevelopment of the Ardeer Peninsula by NPL Estates include the possibility of reopening the former Nobel branch for industrial use. The plans also include a proposed station near to the former Stevenston No. 1 Junction, where the Nobel line joined the former G&SWR main line.

References

Notes

Sources 
 
 
 
 
 Station on navigable O.S. map.Ardeer Works are south of Stevenston station.

  

Disused railway stations in North Ayrshire
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1896
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1966
Former Caledonian Railway stations
Former Glasgow and South Western Railway stations
Ardrossan−Saltcoats−Stevenston
Mark V. Mark V or Mark 5 may refer to:

Technology

Military and weaponry
 BL 13.5 inch Mk V naval gun (1912); British gun that was a defining feature of the super-dreadnought Orion-class battleships
 QF 4 inch Mk V naval gun (1914); British naval gun used for coastal defense and anti-aircraft
 Mark V tank, a series of variations of the World War I Mark I tank
 Mark V Composite tank in Estonian service; specific design and service of the Mark V tank as used by Estonia
 BL 8-inch howitzer Mk I – V; World War I British gun, heavy and short-range
 Mk 5 mine (1943); British anti-tank mine used in World War II
 Supermarine Spitfire Mk V; 1941 British fighter aircraft augmented with high-altitude capability
 Mark 5 nuclear bomb (1952–1963), an American weapon
 Mark V Special Operations Craft (1995), a United States Navy security/patrol/transport boat
 Weatherby Mark V, a rifle series
 MarkV-A1, a bomb disposal robot
 Mk V or Covenanter tank, a World War II British Cruiser tank

Other vehicles
 Bentley Mark V (1931–1941), a British luxury car
 Jaguar Mark V (1948–1951), a British saloon car
 Lincoln Continental Mark V (1960, 1977–1979), an American luxury car 
 Mark V monorail (1987–2008), a monorail train used at Disneyland in California
 Volkswagen Golf Mk V (2003–2009), a 3 or 5 door hatchback with many styling and performance options
 British Rail Mark 5 (InterCity 250), an unbuilt type of coach intended as part of the planned InterCity 250 project for the West Coast Main Line
 British Rail Mark 5 (CAF), a type of passenger coach used for the Caledonian Sleeper 
 British Rail Mark 5A, a type of coach to be used by TransPennine Express

People
 Pope Mark V of Alexandria, the Coptic Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of the See of St. Mark between 1610 and 1621
 Patriarch Mark V of Alexandria, the Orthodox Patriarch of Alexandria between 1425 and 1435
 Mark V Shaney; fake Usenet user that used Markov chain techniques to determine 'his' post text

Other uses
 Mark 5 or Mark V, the fifth chapter of the Gospel of Mark in the New Testament of the Christian Bible
 The Mark V in the Mesa Boogie Mark Series, a guitar amplifier

See also 
 Mach Five, a fictional racing car in the Speed Racer anime series
IBM Network Control Program. The IBM Network Control Program, or NCP, was software that ran on a 37xx communications controller and managed communication with remote devices. NCP provided services comparable to the data link layer and Network Layer functions in the OSI model of a Wide area network.

Overview
The original IBM Network Control Program ran on the 3705-I and supported access to older devices by application programs using  Telecommunications Access Method (TCAM). With the advent of Systems Network Architecture (SNA), NCP was enhanced to connect cluster controllers (such as the IBM 3270) to application programs using TCAM and later to application programs using Virtual Telecommunications Access Method (VTAM). Subsequent versions of NCP were released to run on the IBM 3704, IBM 3705-II, IBM 3725. IBM 3720, or IBM 3745 Communications Controllers, all of which SNA defined as a SNA Physical Unit Type 4 (PU4). A PU4 usually had SDLC links to remote cluster controllers (PU1/PU2) or to other PU4s. Polling and addressing of the cluster controllers was performed by the NCP without mainframe intervention.

In 2005 IBM introduced Communications Controller for Linux (CCL), a software product that allows an unmodified NCP to run on the mainframe, eliminating the need for a separate communications controller in some cases.

A local NCP connected to a System/370 channel via single address. 

A remote NCP had no direct connection to a mainframe but was connected to a local NCP via one or more high-speed SDLC links.

Notes

References

Further reading

Network Control Program
Network protocols
Network Control Program
West Bengal Power Development Corporation. The West Bengal Power Development Corporation Limited (WBPDCL) is a non-listed company wholly owned and controlled by the Government of the Indian state of West Bengal and tasked with thermal power generation in the state. Its thermal power plants are in Kolaghat, Bakreswar, Sagardighi, Santaldih, and Bandel.

The corporation works in tandem with the West Bengal State Electricity Board.
 Kolaghat Thermal Power Station have a total installed capacity of 840 MW (6x210 MW). 
 Bakreswar Thermal Power Station have a total installed capacity of 1050 MW (5x210 MW).
 Sagardighi Thermal Power Project have a total installed capacity of 1,600 MW (2x300 MW, 2x500 MW).
 Bandel Thermal Power Station have a total installed capacity of 335 MW (2x60, 1x215 MW). Renovation & modernisation of 215MW unit is modified from 210MW.
 Santaldih Thermal Power Station have a total installed capacity of 500 MW (2x250 MW).

References

External links
Official website
Department of Power, Government of West Bengal

Energy in West Bengal
State agencies of West Bengal
State electricity agencies of India
Electric-generation companies of India
Companies based in Kolkata
1985 establishments in West Bengal
Sutong Yangtze River Bridge. The Sutong Yangtze Bridge (; , ) is a cable-stayed bridge that spans the Yangtze in China between Nantong and Changshu, a satellite city of Suzhou, in Jiangsu province.

Design and construction
The Sutong Yangtze River Bridge was designed by Dr. Robin Sham, CBE, FICE, a Hong Kong-born and British-based structural engineer who specializes in bridges.  With a span of , it was the cable-stayed bridge with the longest main span in the world from 2008 to 2012. Its two side spans are  each, and there are also four small cable spans.  The bridge received the 2010 Outstanding Civil Engineering Achievement award (OCEA) from the American Society of Civil Engineers.

Two towers of the bridge are  high and thus the fifth tallest in the world. The total bridge length is . Construction began in June 2003, and the bridge was linked up in June 2007.  The bridge was opened to traffic on 25 May 2008 and was officially opened on 30 June 2008. Construction has been estimated to cost about US$1.7 billion.

The completion of the bridge shortens the commute between Shanghai and Nantong, previously a four-hour ferry ride, to about an hour. 
It brings Nantong one step closer to becoming an important part of the Yangtze Delta economic zone, and has further attracted foreign investors into the city. The bridge is also pivotal in the development of poorer northern Jiangsu regions.

The tower is an inverted Y-shaped reinforced concrete structure with one connecting girder between tower legs. The bridge deck is a steel box girder with internal transverse and longitudinal diaphragms and fairing noses at both sides of the bridge deck. The total width of the bridge deck is 41 metres including the fairing noses.

The construction of Zhaodian-Huangdu Section of Nantong-Shanghai Railway was commenced in March 2014. Following the completion of subgrade, bridges, mainline track-laying, and “communication, signal, power and electrification” works, the integrated commissioning and test began on 20 April 2020.

Gallery

See also
 List of bridges in China
 Yangtze River bridges and tunnels
 List of tallest bridges in the world

References

External links

AECOM Transportation
Official website  Retrieved 2009-12-11.
Roadtraffic Technology
China.org
virtualreview.org

Road bridges in China
Bridges over the Yangtze River
Cable-stayed bridges in China
Bridges completed in 2008
Bridges in Jiangsu
Bridges in Suzhou
2008 in Shanghai
Stambermill Viaduct. Stambermill ( Stourbridge ) Viaduct is a viaduct situated in Stourbridge, West Midlands, England. It was constructed in 1850 to carry the Oxford Worcester and Wolverhampton Railway across the River Stour, and it carried passenger trains until 1964. It is still in use for goods trains, as the railway continues on to the Round Oak Steel Terminal at Brierley Hill (trains have not travelled beyond that point since 1993). Freight trains can still be seen passing over the viaduct.

A reopening of the South Staffordshire Line between Dudley and Walsall, is expected to be ready by 2023, with West Midlands Metro trams sharing the line with freight trains. A business plan for the reopening of the line was submitted to Network Rail in March 2011. In January 2012, plans surfaced to run a passenger service between Stourbridge Junction and Brierley Hill, with stations being re-opened along the route, including Brierley Hill. The service would be operated by railcars built by Parry People Movers, who built the Class 139 units which run the Stourbridge Town service.

The viaduct was subject to six weeks of maintenance and improvement works in September 2013.

References

Bridges in the West Midlands (county)
Rail transport in Dudley
Bridges completed in 1850
Stourbridge
List of rotorcraft used in World War II. 

Germany 
Some types in use of Luftwaffe and Kriegsmarine
 Baumgartl Heliofly I (backpack Autogyro-glider)
 Baumgartl Heliofly III-57 (two contra-rotating helicopter)
 Baumgartl Heliofly III-59 (little and light disarmable helicopter)
 Doblhoff WNF 342 (Tip-jet helicopter)
 Flettner Fl 265 (twin rotor liaison-observation helicopter, pioneer of synchropter configuration)
 Flettner Fl 282A/B "Kolibri" (reconnaissance synchropter)
 Flettner Fl 339 (reconnaissance helicopter / artillery spotter)
 Focke-Achgelis Fa 223 "Drache" - military transport helicopter, saw limited use for rescue
 Focke-Achgelis Fa 225 - single-seat rotary wing glider, one built
 Focke-Achgelis Fa 330 "Bachstelze" (Autogyro-glider/observation vehicle)
 Focke-Wulf Fw 61 - World's first practical helicopter, first flown in 1936.
 Focke-Wulf Fw C.30A - licence-built Cierva C.30A (general purpose autogyro)
 Nagler-Rolz NR 54 (one-man portable helicopter)
 Nagler-Rolz Nr 55 (one-man portable helicopter)

United States 
In use by USAAF, US Navy and US Coast Guard
 Kellett KD-1 (La Cierva C.30A) (general use Autogyro)
 Platt-LePage XR-1 (experimental helicopter)
 Sikorsky R-4B "Hoverfly" (general helicopter)
 Sikorsky YR-4B "Hoverfly", version of R-4, known as HNS-1 in Navy service (ambulance/sea patrol helicopter)
 Sikorsky R-6 (rescue/reconnaissance helicopter)
 Sikorsky R-5A (rescue/reconnaissance helicopter)
 Vought-Sikorsky VS-300 (experimental helicopter)

United Kingdom 
In use by RAF and FAA
 Avro 671 "Rota" Mk.1 (licence-built Cierva C.30A) (general purpose autogyro - used for radar station testing)
 Bristol "Heliogyro" RI/II (experimental helicopter)
Cierva W.5 - 2-seater twin outrigger rotor helicopter, first flight 1938.
Cierva W.6 - twin rotor helicopter, flown in 1939
Cierva W.9 - jet efflux torque compensation design. Built in 1944 and flown in 1945.
 Hafner Rotabuggy (also known as "Malcolm Rotaplane" and "M.L. 10/42 Flying Jeep") - rotary wing glider attachment for landing jeeps.  Tested in 1944 but introduction of vehicle-carrying gliders led to cancellation of project.
Hafner Rotachute - one-man rotor-kite for landing assault troops. Not adopted but used instead for testing in support of Rotabuggy project
Sikorsky "Hoverfly" I - service name for Sikorsky R-4 used at RAF Helicopter Training School from 1945

Canada 
In use for RCAF
 Avro 671 "Rota" Mk.1 (La Cierva C.30A) (general purpose Autogyro)
 Sikorsky R-4B "Hoverfly" (general purpose helicopter)

Soviet Union 
In use for Red Army and Soviet Air Forces (VVS)
 TsAGI (Kamov) A-7/7bis (Liaison and Observation Autogyro)

Japan 
In use by Japanese Army/Navy Air Service

 Kayaba Ka-1 (autogyro, developed from Kellett KD-1)
 Kayaba Ka-2 (autogyro, different engine to Ka-1)

France 
In use for French Army
 Breguet-Dorand Gyroplane Laboratoire 
 Dorand G.20

References 

S Coates. Helicopters of the Third Reich 2003 Classic Publications 
Ryszard Witkowski, 2009 Allied Rotorcraft of the WW2 Period MMP Books
Ryszard Witkowski, 2007 Rotorcraft of the Third Reich MMP Books

Military helicopters
Rotorcraft
Multi-wavelength anomalous diffraction. Multi-wavelength anomalous diffraction (sometimes Multi-wavelength anomalous dispersion; abbreviated MAD) is a technique used in X-ray crystallography that facilitates the determination of the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules (e.g. DNA, drug receptors) via solution of the phase problem.

MAD was developed by Wayne Hendrickson while working as a postdoctoral researcher under Jerome Karle at the United States Naval Research Laboratory. The mathematics upon which MAD (and progenitor Single-wavelength anomalous diffraction) was based were developed by Jerome Karle, work for which he was awarded the 1985 Nobel Prize in Chemistry (along with Herbert Hauptman).

Compared to the predecessor SAD, MAD has greatly elevated phasing power from using multiple wavelengths close to the edge. However, because it requires a synchrotron beamline, a longer exposure (risking radiation damage), and only allows a limited choice of heavy atoms (those with edges reachable by a synchrotron), MAD has declined in popularity relative to SAD.

See also 
 Single wavelength anomalous dispersion (SAD)
 Multiple isomorphous replacement (MIR)
Anomalous scattering
Anomalous X-ray scattering
Patterson map

References

Further reading

External links
MAD phasing — an in depth tutorial with examples, illustrations, and references.
HHMI Bio for Wayne Hendrickson
Wayne Hendrickson Home Page
Hendrickson Laboratory Summary of Research
Jerome Karl Nobel Biography
NRL Recognition of Nobel Prize

Computer programs
The SSRL Absorption Package — 
CHOOCH — 
Shake-and-Bake (SnB) — 
SHELX —

Tutorials and examples

Crystallography
Sabatierite. Sabatierite (Cu6TlSe4) is a mineral found in the Czech Republic. The composition of the mineral is more likely (Cu4TlSe3) that has been chemically and crystalographically characterized having tetragonal symmetry. It is named for the French mineralogist Germain Sabatier (born 1923).

See also
 
 List of minerals
 List of minerals named after people

References 

Copper(I,II) minerals
Thallium minerals
Selenide minerals
Orthorhombic minerals
Agrinierite. Agrinierite is a mineral often found in the oxidation zone of uranium deposits.  It is named after Henry Agrinier (1928–1971), a French engineer for the Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique
(Mineralogy Laboratory of the French Atomic Energy Commission, Paris, France). Agrinierite is a hydrated oxide of uranium discovered during the exploitation of the uranium deposit of Margnac (Haute-Vienne, France), the only site in the world where it is known today.
It appears at the periphery of uraninite nodules accompanied by other uranium oxides which result like it from the transformation of uraninite (becquerelite, schoepite, compreignacite, rameauite, etc.). Agrinierite occurs as small tabular orange crystals, transparent to translucent, submillimeter in size, frequently twinned which gives them a pseudohexagonal appearance.

See also
 List of minerals

References

External links 

Mindat.org - Agrinierite
Webmineral.com - Agrinierite
Handbook of Mineralogy - Agrinierite 

Uranium(IV,VI) minerals
Orthorhombic minerals