omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
AN/AAQ-37 Distributed Aperture System. The AN/AAQ-37 Distributed Aperture System (DAS) is the first of a new generation of sensor systems being fielded on the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II. DAS consists of six high-resolution infrared sensors mounted around the F-35's airframe in such a way as to provide unobstructed spherical (4π steradian) coverage and functions around the aircraft without any pilot input or aiming required.

The DAS provides three basic categories of functions in every direction simultaneously:

Missile detection and tracking (including launch point detection and countermeasure cueing)
Aircraft detection and tracking (situational awareness, infrared search and track (IRST) and air-to-air missile cueing) 
Imagery for cockpit displays and pilot night vision (imagery displayed onto the helmet mounted display)

The F-35's DAS was flown in military operational exercises in 2011, has demonstrated the ability to detect and track ballistic missiles to ranges exceeding , and has also demonstrated the ability to detect and track multiple small suborbital rockets simultaneously in flight. 

The AN/AAQ-37 DAS was designed and produced by Northrop Grumman. The current sensors used in the system may have insufficient night acuity for pilots used to flying with night vision goggles (NVG), and are therefore augmented by an embedded NVG camera in the helmet. A DAS test system has also been used to track tank gun firing, but this is "not an F-35 requirement". The DAS has been produced by Raytheon since 2023 for Lot 15 aircraft onwards after Northrop Grumman decided not to participate in a follow on competition.

References

See Also

 List of military electronics of the United States

Military sensor technology
Northrop Grumman
Military equipment introduced in the 2010s
Military electronics of the United States
Equipment of the United States Air Force
Teller system. A teller system is the integrated hardware and software used for retail or wholesale banking transactions, most systems communicate with a core banking system or mainframe over a secured network. The hardware may include a computer or terminal, Cash Drawers, Receipt and Passbook Validator/Printers, magnetic strip readers, pin keypads, bill counters, and bill/coin dispensers. The software is usually based on client/server where several clients (teller stations) are networked to a server which communicates to the mainframe via a dedicated line or satellite.

See also 
 Automated teller machine

References 

Banking technology
Puli Bridge. Puli Bridge is a suspension bridge near Xuanwei, Qujing, China. The bridge, at , is one of the highest in the world. The bridge forms part of the G56 Hangzhou–Ruili Expressway between Liupanshui and Xuanwei and was opened in August 2015.  The bridge and associated expressway reduced the travelling time from Xuanwei to the Guizhou border from four hours to one hour. The bridge crosses a small stream beside the Gexiang River gorge.

Design and construction
The Puli Bridge has a main span of  and a total length of . The road deck is  wide and the main suspension cables are  apart. The bridge cost 440 million yuan (about US$71 million). Similar to the Sidu River Bridge,  the first cable used to erect the span (the pilot cable) was placed using a rocket.

Notes

References

Bridges in Yunnan
Suspension bridges in China
Transport in Qujing
Nine Hours Strike. The Nine Hours Strike was an 1871 labour dispute in the engineering trade, in Newcastle upon Tyne, Great Britain. Its name refers to the engineers' demand that a normal working day should consist of no more than nine hours.

The strike began in August 1871 when the engineers in Newcastle upon Tyne, Gateshead, and adjoining areas of Tyneside, formally requested that their "masters" (employers) place limits on working hours. This request was rejected, and a strike ensued.

It was particularly bitter, and made more so when the masters refused to talk to the employees, only to legal advisors and then brought in foreign workers from abroad including many from Belgium and Germany in an attempt to break the strike. Attempts were made by the strikers to persuade these foreign workers to return home; some (but very few) involved violence.

It was not long before the vast majority of the foreigners realised that they were being used, were reinforcing the system described by some as "industrial slavery" and would lose their jobs anyway once the strike was resolved. Many agreed to leave, provided that their return fare would be paid. The money was quickly raised for this purpose by donations from all parts of industry, including from many far of places within Great Britain.

Many attempts to mediate were made by many parties, but all failed when the masters refused to accept any compromise.
Eventually the masters realised that if they did not negotiate, their only options would be to suspend or close their businesses, thus delaying contracts and facing at the best losing the orders and at the worst contractual penalties.

Possibly more by good luck than judgement, the strike happened at a time when engineering was booming, it was a time of prosperity, huge profits were being made by the masters, order book were over-full and as a consequence labour was extremely scarce even without a strike. Victory was therefore almost assured by the strikers right from the start.

The strike continued for fourteen weeks before the masters succumbed to the pressure, granting the strikers' request for a nine-hour day.

Matthew Dryden, the Tyneside songwriter  wrote "Perseveer " or "The Nine Oors Movement" (written in Geordie dialect and sung to the tune of "Nelly Ray") and sang this in many concerts held to provide funds for the strikers.

See also 
Geordie dialect words

References

1871 labor disputes and strikes
Labour disputes in the United Kingdom
Working time
History of Newcastle upon Tyne
Manufacturing industry strikes
August 1871
1871 in England
Conflicts in 1871
Brian Jones (intelligence analyst). Brian Francis Gill Jones (24 August 1944 – 10 February 2012) was a UK metallurgist who worked as an intelligence analyst, was skeptical of claims of Iraqi WMD and gave evidence concerning the justification for the Iraq war.

Intelligence career
Jones was a metallurgist by training who worked for many years in the technical branches of the UK Ministry of Defence. He specialised initially in the effects of radiation on the integrity of metals, particularly in the construction of nuclear reactor pressure vessels. From 1987 until his retirement in 2003, he worked in the technical branch of the Defence Intelligence Staff, specialising in counter-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.  He was credited for being sceptical of the WMD claims regarding Iraq.

Evidence
Having spent most of his career in the deliberately low-profile world of nuclear energy and then in intelligence work, he came to public notice in the summer of 2003 when, shortly after his retirement from the MoD, he gave evidence to the Hutton Inquiry, which was set up following the death of Dr David Kelly to investigate allegations that the so-called "dodgy dossier" of material was published by the government of Tony Blair in order to justify the 2003 invasion of Iraq. In his report, Lord Hutton reported that Jones' concerns over the '45 minute' claims had not been considered by either the then Chief of Defence Intelligence, Air Marshal Sir Joe French or the Joint Intelligence Committee.

Following his retirement and appearance before the Hutton enquiry, Jones went on to give evidence to both the Butler Review and the Chilcot Inquiry to give evidence on the intelligence available to Ministers before the 2003 Invasion of Iraq. He also wrote a book entitled "Failing Intelligence", which was accepted by Sir John Chilcot as his evidence to that enquiry.

Post retirement
Following his retirement, Jones returned to academia, becoming a Visiting Senior Research Fellow at the Mountbatten Centre for International Studies at Southampton University; he also lectured at the Royal United Services Institute in London.

Jones died on 10 February 2012 following a short illness.

Jones became the subject of a BBC Radio 4 drama in March 2013. He was played by Richard E Grant in "The Iraq Dossier" by David Morley.

References

1944 births
2012 deaths
Civil servants in the Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)
Chukudu. The chukudu (or chikudu, chokoudou, tshukudu) is a two-wheeled handmade vehicle used in the east of the Democratic Republic of Congo. It is made of wood, and is used for transporting cargo.

The chukudu generally has an angular frame, two small wheels (often of wood, sometimes wrapped with rubber), handlebars, and a pad for the operator to place their knee on while propelling the vehicle with their leg. On a descent, the rider stands on the deck like a kick scooter. On flat ground, the rider can put one knee on the deck and push the ground by the other foot like a knee scooter.

Rubber mud flaps and shock absorber springs may be added.

History 
Chukudus first appeared in the 1970s in North Kivu, during the difficult economic times under Mobutu Sese Seko.

In 2008, chukudus were selling for US$100 with a cost of materials of nearly US$60. Similarly, in 2014 they cost $50 to $100 and were used to earn up to $10 per day, in an area where most people live on less than $2 per day. A 2014 article estimated a cost of about US$150, which a driver could pay off in about six months, earning $10–20 per day.

Construction 
In Goma, where chukudus form the "backbone of the local transportation system", chukudus are made of hard mumba wood and eucalyptus wood, with scrap tires for wheel treads. These chukudus take one to three days to build, and last two to three years. The most commonly used size is about six and a half feet long, and carries a load of . However, "the largest chukudus can carry up to ." Some chukudus are equipped with suspension to the front wheel, either in the form of a metal spring or of tensioned rubber bands.

A small chukudu can be built in about three hours, using dimensional lumber and materials available in a hardware store.

The chukudu is customizable to carry different types of cargo. To haul firewood some chukudus have a hole drilled in the middle of the sitting deck, and the operator can insert a stick to hold firewood in place. Others have a large basket to carry various loads.

See also 
Cart
Cargo bike
Hand truck
Wooden bicycle

References

External links 

 Chukudus in Goma - YouTube
 
 
 

Bicycles
Culture of Rwanda
Culture of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Human-powered vehicles
Transport in Rwanda
Transport in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Softune. Softune is an Integrated development environment from Fujitsu for the Fujitsu FR, FR-V and F²MC processor families. It provides an REALOS μITRON realtime kernel.

It is for example used for Nikon DSLRs (see Nikon EXPEED) and some Pentax K mount cameras.

References

External links
Fujitsu: Softune Workbench V6 32 bit Development Environment: Features, Documentation, Software: Downloads

C (programming language) compilers
C++ compilers
Integrated development environments
Heinrich Meldahl. Heinrich Meldahl (8 September 1776 – 24 February 1840) was a Danish industrial designer, architect and the owner of an iron foundry.

Early life
Heinrich Joachim Meldahl was born in Copenhagen, Denmark. He was the son of Christen Larsen Meldahl (ca. 1742-1782) and Cathrine Wendorf (1742-1807).

Career
From 1804, Meldahl was employed as a designer and operating engineer by Jacob Aall at the Næs jernverk in Aust-Agder, Norway. It was his task to lead production and deliver drawings to new product models. From 1806–07, Meldahl returned to Copenhagen for further education in drawing.

In 1811, he returned to Denmark, where he was granted permission to establish an iron foundry at Vesterbro. Production included agricultural tools including plows and harrows as well as stoves and ovens similar to those from Næs.

Personal life
He was married to Benedicte Louise Hansen (1796- 1845) and was the father of Danish architect Ferdinand Meldahl (1827-1908) and army officer General Carl Edvard Meldahl.

References

External links
 

1776 births
1840 deaths
19th-century Danish architects
19th-century Danish businesspeople
Danish industrial designers
Architects from Copenhagen
Danish industrialists
Businesspeople from Copenhagen
Danish expatriates in Norway
LIONsolver. LIONsolver is an integrated software for data mining, business intelligence, analytics, and modeling and reactive business intelligence approach. A non-profit version is also available as LIONoso.

LIONsolver is used to build models, visualize them, and improve business and engineering processes.

It is a tool for decision making based on data and quantitative model and it can be connected to most databases and external programs.

The software is fully integrated with the Grapheur business intelligence  and intended for more advanced users.

Overview

LIONsolver originates from research principles in Reactive Search Optimization advocating the use of self-tuning schemes acting while a software
system is running. Learning and Intelligent OptimizatioN refers to the integration of online machine learning schemes into the optimization software, so that
it becomes capable of learning from its previous runs and from human feedback. 
A related approach is that of Programming by Optimization,
which provides a direct way of defining design spaces involving Reactive Search Optimization, and
of Autonomous Search
 advocating adapting problem-solving algorithms.

Version 2.0 of the software was released on Oct 1, 2011, covering also the Unix and Mac OS X operating
systems in addition to Windows.

The modeling components include neural networks, polynomials, locally weighted Bayesian regression, k-means clustering, and self-organizing maps. A free academic license for non-commercial use and class use is available.

The software architecture of LIONsolver 
permits interactive multi-objective optimization, with a user interface for visualizing the results and facilitating
the solution analysis and decision-making process.
The architecture allows for problem-specific extensions, and it is
applicable as a post-processing tool for all optimization schemes with a number of
different potential solutions. When the architecture is tightly coupled to a specific
problem-solving or optimization method, effective interactive schemes where the
final decision maker is in the loop can be developed.

On Apr 24, 2013 LIONsolver received the first prize of the Michael J. Fox Foundation –
Kaggle Parkinson's Data Challenge, a contest leveraging "the wisdom of the crowd" to benefit people with Parkinson's disease.

See also 
 Multi-objective optimization

References

External links 
 LIONsolver official non-profit site

Time series software
Data analysis software
Data and information visualization software
Mathematical optimization software
Numerical software
Space system. Space system  may refer to:
Spaceflight system, consisting of the space segment, ground segment, and sometimes user segment
Space Systems Center, a generic name for NASA
Space Systems Laboratory (SSL), one of many laboratories in university aerospace engineering departments
Space Systems/Loral (SS/L), a manufacturing subsidiary of Loral Space & Communications
Space radio system, any group of cooperating earth stations and/or space radio stations employing space radiocommunication
Infiniti Emerg-e. The Infiniti Emerg-E is a concept sports car developed by the Infiniti division of Nissan Motors and unveiled to the public at the 2012 Geneva Motor Show.

It is based on the Lotus Evora platform and the hybrid powertrain shown in 2012 as the Lotus 414E concept car. The Emerg-E has two electric motors, one powering each rear wheel, producing a total of  with  of torque, and providing acceleration to  in four seconds. The Emerg-E has a  electric-only range, after which an onboard  three-cylinder  petrol engine recharges the lithium-ion battery pack. The car can also be plugged in to recharge.

The mid-engined two-seater sports car never reached production, but was shown as a working prototype at the 2012 Goodwood Festival of Speed.

Project backers

The project was part-funded by the British government sponsored Technology Strategy Board, and involved Nissan UK's Cranfield technical centre and other British suppliers including Lola, Batteries by Castlet Ltd (Formally Amberjac Projects) and Xtrac transmissions.

See also
 Nissan Esflow

References

Emerg-e
Plug-in hybrid vehicles
Hybrid electric cars
Sports cars
Coupés
Compensatory tracking task. A compensatory tracking task is a task that assesses eye–hand coordination, in which a user is operating a display that has an indicator and a zero point  using a joystick, computer mouse, trackball, or other controlling device. The user must try to keep the indicator within the zero point while the indicator is being acted upon by outside forces.

Early versions of compensatory tracking tasks included a display made of a cathode ray oscilloscope with a rack and pinion connected to a knob that controlled the indicator. The zero point would be displayed on the cathode ray tube. The participant would turn the knob in order to keep the indicator within the zero point. 

Time, and distance from the zero point are measured to determine the participant's ability to control the indicator. The early versions of this test were used to help develop better controls. Control modulators such as springs, generators, and electromagnets were used to increase difficulty of the task.

More recently, compensatory tracking tasks has been used to gauge alertness. This is done using a computer monitor and a simulation controlled by a mouse or trackball. Participants use the mouse to keep the indicator within a target which acts as the zero point. Time within the zero point and distance from the zero point are once again measured. Notable versions of the compensatory tracking task are COMPTRACK, and the PEBL compensatory tracking task.

See also

Pursuit tracking task

References

Further reading

Neuropsychological tests
Cognitive tests
PRESENT. PRESENT is a lightweight block cipher, developed by the Orange Labs (France), Ruhr University Bochum (Germany) and the Technical University of Denmark in 2007. PRESENT was designed by Andrey Bogdanov, Lars R. Knudsen, Gregor Leander, Christof Paar, Axel Poschmann, Matthew J. B. Robshaw, Yannick Seurin, and  C. Vikkelsoe. The algorithm is notable for its compact size (about 2.5 times smaller than AES).

Overview
The block size is 64 bits and the key size can be 80 bit or 128 bit. The non-linear layer is based on a single 4-bit S-box which was designed with hardware optimizations in mind. PRESENT is intended to be used in situations where low-power consumption and high chip efficiency is desired. The International Organization for Standardization and the International Electrotechnical Commission included PRESENT in the new international standard for lightweight cryptographic methods.

Cryptanalysis
A truncated differential attack on 26 out of 31 rounds of PRESENT was suggested in 2014.

Several full-round attacks using biclique cryptanalysis have been introduced on PRESENT.

By design all block ciphers with a block size of 64 bit can have problems with block collisions if they are used with large amounts of data. Therefore, implementations need to make sure that the amount of data encrypted with the same key is limited and rekeying is properly implemented.

Performance 

PRESENT uses bit-oriented permutations and is not software-friendly. It is clearly targeted at hardware, where bit-permutations are possible with simple wiring. Performance of PRESENT when evaluated in microcontroller software environment using FELICS (Fair Evaluation of Lightweight Cryptographic Systems), a benchmarking framework for evaluation of software implementations of lightweight cryptographic primitives.

Standardization 
PRESENT is included in the following standards.

 ISO/IEC 29167-11:2014, Information technology - Automatic identification and data capture techniques - Part 11: Crypto suite PRESENT-80 security services for air interface communications
 ISO/IEC 29192-2:2019, Information security - Lightweight cryptography - Part 2: Block ciphers

References

External links
 PRESENT: An Ultra-Lightweight Block Cipher
 http://www.lightweightcrypto.org/implementations.php Software Implementations in C and Python
 https://web.archive.org/web/20160809024354/http://cis.sjtu.edu.cn/index.php/Software_Implementation_of_Block_Cipher_PRESENT_for_8-Bit_Platforms C implementation
 http://www.emsec.rub.de/media/crypto/veroeffentlichungen/2011/01/29/present_ches2007_slides.pdf Talk slides from Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems

Block ciphers
Cryptography
International Symposium on Microarchitecture. The IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture® (MICRO) is an annual academic conference on microarchitecture, generally viewed as the top-tier academic conference on computer architecture. It is not to be confused with a micro-conference. Particularly within the domains of microarchitecture and Code generation (compiler), MICRO is unrivaled  and esteemed as the premier forum. Association for Computing Machinery's Special Interest Group on Microarchitecture (ACM SIGMICRO) and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computer Society are technical sponsors.

MICRO Test of Time (ToT) Award
The ToT award will recognize an influential MICRO paper whose influence is still felt 18–22 years after its initial publication. Most of ToT awarded papers have received around 1000 citations (according to Google Scholar).

Prior recipients include:
2022 (For MICRO 2003) A Systematic Methodology to Compute the Architectural Vulnerability Factors for a High-Performance Microprocessor
2022 (For MICRO 2003) Runtime Power Monitoring in High-End Processors: Methodology and Empirical Data
2021 (For MICRO 2003) Razor: A Low-Power Pipeline Based on Circuit-Level Timing Speculation
2021 (For MICRO 2003) Single-ISA Heterogeneous Multi-Core Architectures: The Potential for Processor Power Reduction
2020 (For MICRO 1998) A Dynamic Multithreading Processor
2019 (For MICRO 2001) Speculative Lock Elision: Enabling Highly Concurrent Multithreaded Execution
2018 (For MICRO 1996) Assigning Confidence to Conditional Branch Predictions
2018 (For MICRO 1996) Efficient Path Profiling	
2017 (For MICRO 1996) Exceeding the Dataflow Limit Via Value Prediction
2016 (For MICRO 1994) Iterative modulo scheduling: an algorithm for software pipelining loops
2015 (For MICRO 1996) Trace Cache: A Low Latency Approach to High Bandwidth Instruction Fetching
2015 (For MICRO 1992) Effective Compiler Support For Predicated Execution Using the Hyperblock
2014 (For MICRO 1991) Two-Level Branch Predictor
2014 (For MICRO 1982) MIPS: A Microprocessor Architecture
2014 (For MICRO 1981) Some Scheduling Techniques and An Easily Schedulable Horizontal Architecture for High Performance Scientific Computing
2014 (For MICRO 1978)   Microprogrammed Implementation of A Single Chip Microprocessor

References

Computer science conferences
Computer architecture conferences