omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Computer and Internet Protocol Address Verifier. The Computer and Internet Protocol Address Verifier (CIPAV) is a data gathering tool that the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) uses to track and gather location data on suspects under electronic surveillance. The software operates on the target computer much like other forms of spyware, whereas it is unknown to the operator that the software has been installed and is monitoring and reporting on their activities.

The CIPAV captures location-related information, such as: IP address, MAC address, open ports, running programs, operating system and installed application registration and version information, default web browser, and last visited URL.

Once that initial inventory is conducted, the CIPAV slips into the background and silently monitors all outbound communication, logging every IP address to which the computer connects, and time and date stamping each.

The CIPAV made headlines in July, 2007, when its use was exposed in open court during an investigation of a teen who had made bomb threats against Timberline High School in Washington State.

The FBI also sought approval from the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court to use CIPAV in terrorism or spying investigations.

See also
Backdoor (computing)
Carnivore (software)
ECHELON
FinFisher
Magic Lantern (software)
MiniPanzer and MegaPanzer
Network Investigative Technique
Policeware
R2D2 (trojan)
Tailored Access Operations
Wiretapping

References

External links 
 http://blog.wired.com/27bstroke6/2009/04/fbi-spyware-pro.html
 https://web.archive.org/web/20090422204155/http://www.computerworld.com/action/article.do?command=viewArticleBasic&articleId=9131778&source=NLT_AM
 https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2011/04/new-fbi-documents-show-depth-government
 http://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/view/33825/did-the-fbi-use-cipav-against-tor/

Federal Bureau of Investigation
Computer law
Surveillance
Spyware
Grumman (disambiguation). Grumman could mean:

Companies
 Grumman, a former aircraft maker, now part of Northrop Grumman
 Northrop Grumman, an aerospace and defense conglomerate

People
 Cornelia Grumman (fl. 1981–present), American journalist
 Leroy Grumman (1895–1982), an American industrialist and aeronautical engineer, who founder of the Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation

Ships
USNS Leroy Grumman (T-AO-195), a U.S. Navy fleet replenishment oiler in service since 1989

Fiction
 Grumman (Dune), a fictional planet in Frank Herbert's Dune universe
 Stanislaus Grumman, a fictional character in the His Dark Materials series
4-Nitroaniline. 4-Nitroaniline, p-nitroaniline or 1-amino-4-nitrobenzene is an organic compound with the formula C6H6N2O2. A yellow solid, it is one of three isomers of nitroaniline. It is an intermediate in the production of dyes, antioxidants, pharmaceuticals, gasoline, gum inhibitors, poultry medicines, and as a corrosion inhibitor.

Synthesis
4-Nitroaniline is produced industrially via the amination of 4-nitrochlorobenzene:
ClC6H4NO2 + 2 NH3 → H2NC6H4NO2 + NH4Cl

Below is a laboratory synthesis of 4-nitroaniline from aniline. The key step in this reaction sequence is an electrophilic aromatic substitution to install the nitro group para to the amino group. The amino group can be easily protonated and become a meta director. Therefore, a protection of the acetyl group is required. After this reaction, a separation must be performed to remove 2-nitroaniline, which is also formed in a small amount during the reaction.

Applications
4-Nitroaniline is mainly consumed industrially as a precursor to p-phenylenediamine, an important dye component. The reduction is effected using iron metal and by catalytic hydrogenation.

It is a starting material for the synthesis of Para Red, the first azo dye:

It is also a precursor to 2,6-dichloro-4-nitroaniline, also used in dyes.

Laboratory use
Nitroaniline undergoes diazotization, which allows access to 1,4-dinitrobenzene and nitrophenylarsonic acid. With phosgene, it converts to 4-nitrophenylisocyanate.

Carbon snake demonstration
When heated with sulfuric acid, it dehydrates and polymerizes explosively into a rigid foam.  The exact composition of the foam is unclear, but the process is believed to involve acidic protonation as well as displacement of the amine group by a sulfonic acid moiety.

In Carbon snake demo, paranitroaniline can be used instead of sugar, if the experiment is allowed to proceed under an obligatory fumehood. With this method the reaction phase prior to the black snake's appearance is longer, but once complete, the black snake itself rises from the container very rapidly.  This reaction may cause an explosion if too much sulfuric acid is used.

Toxicity
The compound is toxic by way of inhalation, ingestion, and absorption, and should be handled with care. Its  in rats is 750.0 mg/kg when administered orally. 4-Nitroaniline is particularly harmful to all aquatic organisms, and can cause long-term damage to the environment if released as a pollutant.

See also
2-Nitroaniline
3-Nitroaniline

References

External links

Safety (MSDS)data for p-nitroaniline
MSDS Sheet for p-nitroaniline
Sigma-Aldrich Catalog data
CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards

Anilines
Dyes
Hazardous air pollutants
IARC Group 3 carcinogens
Nitrobenzene derivatives
Corrosion inhibitors
Elliott Tool Technologies. Elliott Tool Technologies was founded in September 1892 by an inventor and manufacturer named Gustav Wiedeke in his Dayton, Ohio home. He began designing and manufacturing specialized tools for servicing heat exchangers and water-tube boilers.

History
After Wiedeke's death in 1910, his two sons continued to produce tube tools for the major industries of that era; power plants, steam engines, and refineries.  The Wiedeke business continued to operate as a family enterprise for the next 32 years. By this time, Wiedeke products had earned worldwide recognition for innovative tubing tool designs and Wiedeke tools are still in active circulation.

In the first decade of the 20th century, several companies emerged in the tube tool industry to fulfill the growing demand as the US transitioned into an emerging industrial economy.

The Lagonda Manufacturing Company in Springfield, Ohio became a direct competitor to the Wiedeke brothers. At the same time, William Elliott recognized the need and opportunity for efficient tube cleaning equipment and founded the Liberty Manufacturing Company in Jeannette, Pennsylvania.

In 1916, William Elliott acquired Lagonda and fused the two companies into the Elliott Company, continuing to operate both plants in Ohio and Pennsylvania. By the late 1960s, Elliott Company enjoyed a worldwide reputation for its tube cleaning and turbomachinery products. The Elliott company acquired the Gustav Wiedeke Company, at the time its major competitor, in 1969, and combined the two leading tube tool manufacturers into one entity.

The 1970s and early 1980s were successful for the Elliott Company's Dayton and Springfield plant due to increasing market demand. In 1986, the growth led to the creation of the Industrial Tool Division which encompassed the Dayton and Springfield plants.  The Jeannette plant was organized into the Elliott Turbomachinary Company. In 1996, the Elliott Company decided to focus solely on steam turbine manufacturing and sold the tube tool division to its senior managers. The current company of Elliott Tool Technologies is the net result.  Elliott Tool Technologies has support in many regional areas of the United States and around the world.  These sales channels provide sales support, review of customer applications and training. Thermal Solutions, Inc is Elliott Tool's local representative for the Eastern Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware.

References

External links
Elliott Tool Technologies

Companies based in Ohio
Tool manufacturing companies of the United States
Johann Georg Bodmer. Johann Georg Bodmer (6 December 1786 – 29 May 1864) was a prolific Swiss inventor, making contributions to areas ranging from weaponry to steam engines, textile manufacture (machinery for wool spinning), and railroad construction.

See also
Benjamin Hick
Benet Woodcroft
List of early locomotives of the London Brighton and South Coast Railway

References

External links
 Polly Model Engineering Ltd, Anthony Mount Models, Bodmer’s Sliding Cylinder Engine 1841

1786 births
19th-century Swiss inventors
Swiss railway mechanical engineers
Swiss railway pioneers
Swiss military engineers
Steam engine engineers
Machine tool builders
People from Zurich
People of the Industrial Revolution
19th-century Swiss engineers
1864 deaths
19th-century Swiss military personnel
Borel military monoplane. The Borel military monoplane (company designation: Bo.14) was a French single-engine, two-seat aircraft designed shortly before World War I in response to a French Army requirement for an aircraft to seek and destroy enemy balloon airships.

Design and development 

The Military Monoplane had an unconventional design, owing to its unique mission requirement. The pilot and observer sat side by side in an open cockpit within a pod or nacelle that also carried a high monoplane wing and the engine driving a pusher propeller. The pod also featured windows on each side, near the crew members' feet to facilitate downwards visibility when hunting balloons. A cruciform empennage was carried on an open truss of triangular cross-section, the upper longeron of which passed through the propeller hub. Despite reportedly good flying characteristics, the idea never passed beyond the construction of a single prototype.

Specifications

See also

References

Bibliography
 
 , archived at: The Wayback Machine
 Aero and Hydro September 13, 1913

1910s French fighter aircraft
Monoplane
Single-engined pusher aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1913
Rotary-engined aircraft
Pressure-balanced valve. A pressure-balanced valve provides water at nearly constant temperature to a shower or bathtub, despite pressure fluctuations in either the hot or cold supply lines.

Mechanism
If, for example, someone flushes a toilet while the shower is in use, the fixture suddenly draws a significant amount of cold water from the common supply line, causing a pressure drop. In the absence of a compensating mechanism, the relatively higher pressure in the hot water supply line will cause the shower temperature to rise just as suddenly, possibly reaching an uncomfortable or even dangerous level.  Conversely, if someone opens a hot water faucet elsewhere, the relatively higher pressure in the cold water supply line will cause the shower temperature to drop suddenly.  This is described in US patent 3674048.

The pressure-balanced shower valve compensates for changes in water pressure. It has a diaphragm or piston inside that reacts to relative changes in either hot or cold water pressure to maintain balanced pressure.  As water pressure drops on one supply line, the valve reduces the pressure in the other supply line to match. A side effect of this is that the pressure and flow at the shower head or tub spigot will drop twice as much as if only one supply line had been affected, but without a large temperature change. There are ball bearings in the valves to regulate forces.

The use of pressure-balanced valves can prevent scalding injuries, in particular to the elderly, the infirm, to children and infants. Based on that, some municipalities require by building codes to have it installed.

See also
 Thermostatic mixing valve
 Atmospheric vacuum breaker

References

External links
Leak Detection
Plumbing Inspection

Bathing
Plumbing
Plumbing valves
Bergeron diagram. The Bergeron diagram method is a method to evaluate the effect of a reflection on an electrical signal. This graphic method—based on the real characteristic of the line—is valid for both linear and non-linear models and helps to calculate the delay of an electromagnetic signal on an electric transmission line.

Using the Bergeron method, on the I-V characteristic chart, start from the regime point before the transition, then move along a straight line with a slope of Z0 (Z0 is the line's characteristic impedance) to the new characteristic; then move along lines with −Z0 or +Z0 slope until the new regime situation is reached.

The − value is considered always the same at every reflection because the Bergeron method is used only for first reflections.

The method was originally developed by a French hydraulic engineer, L. J. B. Bergeron, for analysing water hammer effects in hydraulic systems.

See also
 Ringing (signal)
 Signal reflection

External links
Detailed description of the Bergeron diagram method
Texas Instruments application reports AN-806 Data Transmission Lines and Their Characteristics and AN-807 Reflections: Computations and Waveforms, 2004

Telecommunications engineering
Borel hydro-monoplane. The Borel Hydro-monoplane (also called Bo.8) was a French seaplane produced in 1912.

Design and development
The Borel hydro-monoplane, which was developed from the 1911 Morane-Borel monoplane, was a tractor monoplane powered by an 80 hp Gnome Lambda rotary engine. The rectangular section fuselage tapered to a vertical knife-edge at the rear: at the front the longerons on each side were curved inwards, meeting  at the front engine bearer. A curved aluminium cowling covered the top of the engine, and the sides of the fuselage were covered with aluminium as far aft as the rear of the cockpit. The two seats were arranged in tandem, with the pilot sitting in front. Dual controls were fitted.  Tail surfaces consisted of a narrow-chord fixed horizontal surface with a much broader elevator with horn balances hinged to the trailing edge and a balanced rudder which extended below the sternpost and carried a small float. The main undercarriage consisted of a pair of unstepped flat-bottomed floats. Lateral control was by wing warping.

Operational history
An example was entered in the 1913 Schneider Trophy competition, but crashed during the elimination trials.

Another example, flown by George Chemet, was the winner of the 1913 Paris-Deauville race.

Operators

Corpo Aeronautico Militare

Royal Naval Air Service

Brazilian Naval Aviation
Military Police of Paraná State

Specifications

References

Floatplanes
Schneider Trophy
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Mid-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1912
Rotary-engined aircraft
Borel aircraft
Bellevue Towers. Bellevue Towers is a high rise condominium complex in downtown Bellevue, Washington. Construction began in 2006 and was completed in 2009. The 42 and 43 story towers have 539 condo units,  of retail space, and eight levels of underground parking. The project is 85% sold as of January 2013. Bellevue Towers stands on a  site.

Bellevue Towers is the largest Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Gold certified residential development in the Pacific Northwest with its energy-efficient glass facade, low-flow plumbing fixtures, dual-flush toilets, rooftop garden between the towers, and efficient condensing boiler. The $436 million project was developed by Gerding Edlen and built by Hoffman Construction Company. The project was not a financial success: Gerding Edlen could not pay off its loans, and had to turn the project over to their lender in 2011.

See also
List of tallest buildings in Bellevue, Washington

Notes and references

External links

Bellevue Towers Official Website

 

 
 

Skyscrapers in Bellevue, Washington
Residential buildings completed in 2009
Twin towers
Residential skyscrapers in Washington (state)
2009 establishments in Washington (state)
Établissements Borel. Etablissements Borel was a French aircraft manufacturer of the early twentieth century. It was founded by Gabriel Borel (1880–?1960) and manufactured a number of monoplane designs between 1909 and 1914. The factory, located at Mourmelon was temporarily forced to close when the outbreak of World War I saw most of its workers conscripted into the army, but Borel re-opened in November 1915 to produce military aircraft for France under licence from other manufacturers including Caudron, Nieuport and SPAD. In 1918, Borel was restructured as the Société Générale des Constructions Industrielles et Mécaniques (SGCIM) and attempted to re-market one of its torpedo bomber designs as a civil transport. However, neither this nor two new-generation fighter designs were able to keep the company in business.

History
Borel founded the company in late 1910, initially based in Neuilly and then Puteaux. The precise legal relationship with the Morane brothers and Raymond Saulnier isn't known, but the company built several aircraft designed by Saulnier in 1910–1911 before the collaboration ended in late 1911.

Aircraft
 Morane-Borel monoplane
 Morane-Borel military monoplane
 Borel hydro-monoplane
 Borel Bo.11
 Borel military monoplane
 Borel Torpille
 Borel-Odier Bo-T

Citations

References
 

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of France
Ven Te Chow. Ven Te Chow (; October 7, 1919, Hangzhou, China, – July 30, 1981), was a Chinese-American engineer. He was a widely recognized hydrologist and hydraulic engineer, acclaimed for his contributions to hydrology and water resources development.

He was a professor of Civil and Hydrosystems Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He received his B.S. degree in civil engineering from the National Chiao Tung University in 1940, his M.S. degree in engineering mechanics from Pennsylvania State University in 1948, and his Ph.D. degree in hydraulic engineering from the University of Illinois in 1950.

Chow joined the faculty of the University of Illinois in the Department of Civil Engineering in 1948 and became a naturalized U.S. citizen in 1962. Some of his unusual contributions include his watershed experimentation system, which produced storms in the laboratory using sophisticated electronic, pneumatic, and sonar controls. At the time it was one of the most sophisticated laboratories in the world for physical hydrology and attracted worldwide attention and interest among scientists, engineers, and the public. It was the subject of an article that appeared in Life magazine on June 6, 1969, and was also addressed in the 1969 March issue of Public Works magazine.

With this unique instrumentation, he introduced a new field of technology known as watershed hydraulics. He also developed a formula for hydrologic frequency drainage design, a method of backwater curve computation.

Chow was the founder and first president of the International Water Resources Association (IWRA). Under Ven Te Chow's leadership, the IWRA began publishing the academic journal Water International in 1975.  Over the last 49 years, IWRA has actively promoted the sustainable management of water resources around the globe and become one of the most influential organizations in the field of water.

The IWRA Ven Te Chow Memorial Award was created by the IWRA in his memory. The award includes a lecture, to be delivered at its triennial World Water Congresses.

The American Society of Civil Engineers established the Ven Te Chow Award in his memory to recognize the lifetime achievements in the field of hydrologic engineering. The award is administered by the Surface Water Hydrology Technical Committee of the  Environmental and Water Resources Institute (EWRI). The award ceremony and lecture are held at annual World Environmental & Water Resources Congress.

Works

References

External links
International Water Resources Association website
Ven Te Chow Hydrosystems Laboratory @ UIUC

1919 births
1981 deaths
Hydraulic engineers
Hydrologists
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign faculty
Chinese emigrants to the United States
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Grainger College of Engineering alumni
20th-century American engineers
Penn State College of Engineering alumni
People from Hangzhou
Engineers from Zhejiang
20th-century Chinese engineers
National Chiao Tung University (Shanghai) alumni
Casio PB-1000. The Casio PB-1000 is a handheld computer released by Casio in 1987 (Released in Japan in 1986).  It featured a touchscreen display which consisted of 16 keys built into the screen, arranged in fixed positions on a four by four matrix.

The computer itself included 8Kb of RAM and it was possible to install a 32Kb memory expansion card.

The PB-1000 was programmable in both a custom version of the BASIC language and an assembly language. 

The PB-1000C, one of the variants released only in Japan, has the CASL assembly language for the educational COMET simulator instead of the HD61700 assembly language.
The differences include the implementation of binary and octal calculation instructions in the BASIC language (&B,BIN$,&O,OCT$), the [TAB] key, and the line jumping in the screen editor.

See also
Casio calculator character sets

External links
Casio PB-1000 J.Roa blog projects
Casio PB-1000 Home Page
PB-1000 emulator for Windows
Pocket Computing: PB-1000

Love-Love PB-1000 homepage
Obsolete Computer Museum: Casio PB-1000

Casio PB-1000 page at www.old-computers.com

PB-1000
Pocket computers
Products introduced in 1987
John E. Laird. John E. Laird (born March 16, 1954, in Ann Arbor, Michigan) is a computer scientist who,  created the Soar cognitive architecture at Carnegie Mellon University with Paul Rosenbloom and Allen Newell.  Laird is a professor in the Computer Science and Engineering Division of the Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department of the University of Michigan.

Education and career
John Laird received a BS in Communication and Computer Science from the University of Michigan in 1975 and a Ph.D. in computer science from Carnegie Mellon University in 1983. His Ph.D. thesis advisor was Allen Newell. Laird was a researcher at Xerox PARC in the Intelligent Systems Laboratory from 1984 to 1986; in 1986, he joined the faculty at the University of Michigan.

Laird has continued to research architectures of the mind and to develop and evolve the Soar architecture since his time at CMU. He organizes the annual Soar workshop and participates in the international Soar Research Group. In 1998, he co-founded Soar Technology, a company specializing in creating autonomous AI entities based on Soar; he currently serves on its board of directors.  His research interests include cognitive architecture, problem-solving, learning, reinforcement learning, episodic memory, semantic memory, and emotion-inspired processing. He is a Fellow of ACM, the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), the Cognitive Science Society, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS).

Publications
 The Soar Cognitive Architecture, Laird, J. E., 2012, MIT Press. 
 The Soar Papers: Readings on Integrated Intelligence, Rosenbloom, Laird, and Newell (1993)
 Soar: An Architecture for General Intelligence, Artificial Intelligence, 33: 1-64. Laird, Rosenbloom, Newell, John and Paul, Allen (1987)

References
 Professional History on University of Michigan Website 
 Soar Technology

External links
 Soar project home page
 John E. Laird's Home Page 

1954 births
Living people
American computer scientists
University of Michigan faculty
University of Michigan alumni
Carnegie Mellon University alumni
Fellows of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence
Fellows of the Cognitive Science Society
2006 fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery