omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
IBM System/23 Datamaster. The System/23 Datamaster (Model 5322 desktop model and Model 5324 floor model) is an 8-bit microcomputer developed by IBM. Released in July 1981, the Datamaster was the least expensive IBM computer until the far less expensive and far more popular IBM PC was announced in the following month.

Description

The Datamaster is an all-in-one computer with text-mode CRT display, keyboard, processor, memory, and two 8-inch floppy disk drives in one cabinet. The processor is an 8-bit Intel 8085 running at 6.14 MHz, with bank switching to manage 128 KB of memory. Available RAM was 32 KB (expandable to 128 KB), and the machine had four internal expansion slots. It could display 80 × 24 characters of text (each character with 10 × 14 pixels) with 256 possible characters, similar to the IBM PC's Code page 437, on a built-in 12" green phosphor CRT.

The intention of the Datamaster was to provide a computer that could be installed and operated without specialists. A BASIC interpreter was built-in to the system. IBM decided to merge the Datamaster's BASIC implementation with System/34 BASIC, which reportedly delayed the Datamaster by almost a year. When introduced, a single-screen Datamaster sold for around . A second keyboard and screen could be attached in an extended configuration.

Influence on later IBM systems
The familiarity the design group gained on the Datamaster project encouraged selection of an Intel CPU for the IBM PC. The delay caused by the decision to reuse System/34 BASIC in the Datamaster was one of the factors in IBM's selection of Microsoft BASIC for the PC (the other being the popularity of Microsoft BASIC on home computers at the time).

A number of hardware components from the Datamaster were reused in the later IBM PC. The PC's expansion bus, later known as the ISA bus, was based on the Datamaster's I/O bus. The Datamaster's Model F keyboard with its 5251-style key arrangement was also reused in the PC, albeit with a serial interface (instead of the parallel one used on the Datamaster) and a new external housing.

Timeline

References

2999System 23
Computer-related introductions in 1981
Swarm (disambiguation). A swarm is a group of animals that aggregate and travel in the same direction.

Swarm or swarming may also refer to:

Biology 
 Swarming motility, a type of bacterial motility
 Swarming (honey bee), the natural means of reproduction of honey bee colonies
 Swarm behaviour, examples and mathematical models

Technology and computing 
 Swarm (app), a mobile app by Foursquare
 Roccat Swarm, a software by Roccat
 Swarm intelligence, artificial intelligence technique
 Swarm robotics, approach to the coordination of multirobot systems
 Swarm (ESA mission), a European Space Agency satellite mission to measure Earth's magnetic field
 Swarm (simulation), multi-agent simulation package
 SWARM, a remote weapon system
 Swarming (military), an approach of using "pulses" of converging combat agents onto a target
 Docker (software), software to provide clustering functionality for Docker containers
 Swarm Technologies Inc. Building a LEO satellite constellation for Internet-Of-Things (IOT) device communications.

Fiction and entertainment

Character
 Swarm (comics), Marvel Comics supervillain
 Swarm (Transformers), Transformer character
 Swarm, the name of an Air-element character in Skylanders: Giants

Literature
 "Swarm" (novelette), a 1982 science fiction novelette written by Bruce Sterling
 The Swarm (Schätzing novel), a 2004 science fiction novel by Frank Schätzing
 The Swarm (Card and Johnston novel), a 2016 science fiction novel by Orson Scott Card and Aaron Johnston

Film and television
 The Swarm (1978 film), a 1978 disaster film about a killer bee invasion
 Destination: Infestation, a 2007 TV film released on DVD as Swarm or Deadly Swarm
 The Swarm (2020 film), French horror film about locusts
 Swarm (TV series), a 2023 Amazon Prime Video horror-thriller series
 The Swarm (TV series), a 2023 European Alliance co-produced TV series

Game
 Swarm (1998 video game), for IBM PC compatibles
 Swarm (2011 video game), for Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3

Music
 "Swarm", a song by Badmarsh & Shri from the album Signs

Other 
 Earthquake swarm, a series of earthquakes in one area
 Georgia Swarm, a box lacrosse team in the National Lacrosse League
 Swarm (spirit organization), a spirit organization for the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets
 Swarm Development Group, an American non-profit organization
 Swarm Peak, a rock peak in the Ford Ranges, Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica
 Swarm!, an album by Torture Killer

See also 
 The Swarm (disambiguation)
Sprengel explosive. Sprengel explosives are a generic class of materials invented by Hermann Sprengel in the 1870s. They consist of stoichiometric mixtures of strong oxidisers and reactive fuels, mixed just prior to use in order to enhance safety. Either the oxidiser or the fuel, or both, should be a liquid to facilitate mixing, and intimate contact between the materials for a fast reaction rate.

Sprengel suggested nitric acid, nitrates and chlorates as oxidisers, and nitroaromatics (e.g. nitrobenzene) as fuels. Other Sprengel explosives used at various times include charcoal with liquid oxygen (an oxyliquit), "Rackarock", and ANFO ammonium nitrate (oxidiser) mixed with a fuel oil (fuel), normally diesel, kerosene, or nitromethane. Eventually ANFO supplanted all others because its oxidiser was the safest, and - due to its widespread use as a fertiliser in agriculture - also the cheapest.

"Rackarock" consisted of potassium chlorate and nitrobenzene. It was provided in the form of permeable cartridges of the chlorate, which were placed in wire baskets and dipped in the nitrobenzene for a few seconds before use. For underwater use, it could be provided in cans instead. It was famously used in the massive submarine demolition of Flood Rock, a navigational hazard in Long Island Sound in 1885. The charge of over a hundred tonnes of explosive (laid in tunnels 20 metres below sea level) destroyed approximately 600,000 tonnes of rock.

See also 
 Cheddite
 Miedziankit
 Oxyliquit
 Panclastite

References 

Explosives
Wood's metal. Wood's metal, also known as Lipowitz's alloy or by the commercial names Cerrobend, Bendalloy, Pewtalloy and MCP 158, is a metal alloy that is useful for soldering and making custom metal parts, but its fumes are toxic, as well as being toxic on skin exposure.  The alloy is named for Barnabas Wood, who invented and patented the alloy in 1860.  It is a eutectic, fusible alloy of 50% bismuth, 26.7% lead, 13.3% tin, and 10% cadmium by mass. It has a melting point of approximately .

Applications

Uses include making custom-shaped apertures and blocks (for example, electron-beam cutouts and lung blocks) for medical radiation treatment, and making casts of keys that are hard to otherwise duplicate.

Like other fusible alloys, e.g. Rose's metal, Wood's metal can be used as a heat-transfer medium in hot baths. Hot baths with Rose's and Wood's metals are not used routinely but are employed at temperatures above .

At room temperature, Wood's metal has a modulus of elasticity of 12.7 GPa and a yield strength of 26.2 MPa.

Toxicity 
Wood's metal is toxic because it contains lead and cadmium, and contamination of bare skin is considered harmful. Vapour from cadmium-containing alloys is also known to pose a danger to humans. Cadmium poisoning carries the risk of cancer, anosmia (loss of sense of smell), and damage to the liver, kidneys, nerves, bones, and respiratory system. Field's metal is a non-toxic alternative.

The dust may form flammable mixtures with air.

Related alloys

References

Bibliography
 Birchon's Dictionary of Metallurgy, London, 1965
 Experimental techniques in low-temperature physics, G. K. White, Oxford University Press, Third Edition

External links
 Making your own low-melting point eutectic: Science Toys: A metal that melts in hot water
 Burdakin et al., "Melting points of gallium and of binary eutectics with gallium", Metrologia, 2008
 

fusible alloys
Bismuth alloys
Tin alloys
Cadmium alloys
Lead alloys
Operational conversion unit. An operational conversion unit (OCU) is a unit within an air force whose role is to support preparation for the operational missions of a specific aircraft type by providing trained personnel. Operational conversion units teach pilots how to fly an aircraft and which tactics best exploit the performance of their aircraft and its weapons. The Royal Air Force and Royal Australian Air Force, among others, practise this method of training.  The United States Navy calls its units in this role "fleet replacement squadrons".

An example of an OCU is No. 29 Squadron RAF, which was the second RAF squadron to receive the Eurofighter Typhoon.

The Royal Australian Air Force has a number of OCUs. These include No. 2 Operational Conversion Unit, No. 6 Squadron and No. 292 Squadron. These units are responsible for converting aircrews to the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II, F/A-18F Super Hornet and Boeing P-8 Poseidon aircraft, respectively.

No. 42 Squadron RNZAF Is the only OCU in the Royal New Zealand Air Force. It flies the RNZAF's 4 Beechcraft Super King Air B200 in a Twin Engine conversion role. Until 2001 the RNZAF had No. 2 Squadron RNZAF. It flew the TA-4K Skyhawk in a Fighter Conversion Role but was mothballed along with the rest of the RNZAF's Air Combat Wing in 2001.

Royal Air Force OCUs have their origins in the post-war period. Before the Second World War, operational training was carried out in the squadron itself. With the coming of war, this method of training was no longer possible and some squadrons were reassigned to training duties. These were later renamed as "operational training units" (OTU) and in practice were larger than operational squadrons.

See also
List of conversion units of the Royal Air Force (OCU)
List of Royal Air Force Operational Training Units (OTU)

References

Training units and formations of air forces
William Dean (engineer). William Dean (8 January 1840 – 24 September 1905) was an English railway engineer. He was the second son of Henry Dean, who was the manager of the Hawes Soap Factory in New Cross, London. William was educated at the Haberdashers' Company School. He became the Chief Locomotive Engineer for the Great Western Railway from 1877, when he succeeded Joseph Armstrong. He retired from the post in 1902 and was replaced by George Jackson Churchward. He designed famous steam locomotive classes such as the Duke Class, the Bulldog Class and the long-lived 2301 Class.

Apprenticeship
He was apprenticed at the age of fifteen to Joseph Armstrong at the Great Western Railway's Wolverhampton Stafford Road Works. During his eight-year apprenticeship he attended Wolverhampton Working Men's College in the evening, excelling in mathematics and engineering. Upon completion of his apprentice years in 1863 he was made Joseph Armstrong's chief assistant.

Posts with GWR

A year later, Joseph Armstrong was promoted to the position of the GWR's Chief Locomotive Engineer and moved to Swindon Works. George Armstrong, Joseph's brother, succeeded him as Northern Division locomotive superintendent, with Dean under him as Stafford Road works manager. This arrangement lasted until 1868, when Joseph Armstrong made Dean his chief assistant in Swindon. Upon Joseph Armstrong's sudden death of a heart attack in 1877, Dean became Chief Locomotive Engineer.

Convertible locomotives
At this time, the broad gauge was still in use, although conversion to standard gauge was well underway. Several of Dean's early designs were "convertible" locomotives, which could be easily rebuilt into standard gauge.

Personal
Dean was the son of a soap works manager in New Cross, London, and attended the Haberdashers' Boys' School. (He remained a liveryman of the Worshipful Company of Haberdashers to the end of his life.) He married in 1865, and his wife bore him two daughters and a son, but died soon after their third child's birth. He remarried in 1878, but again suffered the death of his wife in 1889.

Dean was ill during his final years as Chief Locomotive Engineer, and he increasingly allowed Churchward to take on the day-to-day responsibilities. He retired in June 1902 to a house that had been bought for him in Folkestone, but died there three years later. His two daughters died before him. A street in Swindon, Dean Street, was named to commemorate Dean's contribution to locomotion engineering. It is located close to the Swindon Works site and would have housed G.W.R. workers.

Notes

References

See also 
 

1840 births
1905 deaths
Locomotive builders and designers
English railway mechanical engineers
Great Western Railway people
Aastra Technologies. Aastra Technologies Limited, formerly headquartered in Concord, Ontario, Canada, made products and systems for accessing communication networks, including the Internet. Its products included residential and business telephone terminals, screen telephones, Enterprise private branch exchanges (PBX), network access terminals and high-quality digital video encoders, decoders and gateways. Residential telephone equipment was sold in the United States as Bell equipment by Sonecor brand, which represented Southern New England Telecommunications.

Mitel Networks Corporation announced on November 11, 2013, that it would acquire Aastra Technologies Ltd. in a stock and cash deal valued at about $400 million.

History 
In 1983, Francis Shen and Hugh Scholaert bought an engineering consulting company, founding Aastra in Toronto in 1983. The company provided services to the defense industry. In 1993, the company started to specialise in telecommunications. Aastra went public in Canada in 1996.

In 2000, Aastra acquired the assets of Nortel Networks Access Solutions Division including the rights to manufacture phones under the Nortel name. Then, in 2001, Aastra acquired Lucent Technologies' Digital Video business and Ericsson Cable Modem. Aastra acquired Nortel CVX & CSG Division in 2002 and the ASCOM PBX System Division in 2003.

In 2005, 75% of Aastra Technologies' sales were made in Europe, following the purchase that year of the Germany-based the EADS Enterprise Telephony Business and the DeTeWe Telecommunication Systems business. Its other sales shares that year included 17% in the United States, and only 5% in Canada.

In 2008, Aastra acquired the enterprise PBX division of Ericsson, best known for MD110/MX-ONE Telephony Switch.

In January 2014, Mitel completed its acquisition of Aastra, which has been announced in November 2013. Mitel lists the fate of former Aastra products on its website.

Awards
In 2008, Aastra received Internet Telephony's Best of Show Award for 2007 for Best Large Enterprise Solution.

See also 
 List of VOIP companies

References

External links 
 Aastra Corporate

Companies formerly listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange
Canadian companies established in 1983
Telecommunications companies established in 1983
1983 establishments in Ontario
Telecommunications companies of Canada
Electronics companies of Canada
Companies based in Vaughan
VoIP companies of Canada
Teleconferencing
1996 initial public offerings
2014 mergers and acquisitions
Telecommunications companies disestablished in 2014
2014 disestablishments in Ontario
Villahermosa Institute of Technology. The Villahermosa Institute of Technology (in ) is a Mexican public university located in Villahermosa, Tabasco, in the Gulf of Mexico.

History 

The Institute was founded on September 12, 1974. On November 20, 1979 it moved to its current location at the Villahermosa Industrial Park.

Academics 

The Institute offers:
Bachelor's degrees in Information Technology, Management, Computer Systems Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Biochemical Engineering, Industrial Engineering and Civil Engineering. 
Master's degrees in Management, Biochemical engineering and Regional development and business planning.
 Postgraduate diplomas in Information Technology and Food Quality.

References

Universities and colleges in Tabasco
Public universities and colleges in Mexico
Technical universities and colleges in Mexico
Villahermosa
Educational institutions established in 1974
1974 establishments in Mexico
LynxOS. The LynxOS RTOS is a Unix-like real-time operating system from Lynx Software Technologies (formerly "LynuxWorks"). Sometimes known as the Lynx Operating System, LynxOS features full POSIX conformance and, more recently, Linux compatibility. LynxOS is mostly used in real-time embedded systems, in applications for avionics, aerospace, the military, industrial process control and telecommunications.

History 
The first versions of LynxOS were written in 1986 in Dallas, Texas, by Mitchell Bunnell and targeted at a custom-built Motorola 68010-based computer. The first platform LynxOS ran on was an Atari 1040ST with cross development done on an Integrated Solutions UNIX machine. In 1988-1989, LynxOS was ported to the Intel 80386 architecture. Around 1989, application binary interface (ABI) compatibility with UNIX System V.3 was added. Compatibility with other operating systems, including Linux, followed.

Full Memory Management Unit support has been included in the kernel since 1989, for the reliability of protected memory and the performance advantages of virtual addresses. The PowerPC architecture is also supported, and in February 2015 Lynx announced planned support for the ARM Cortex A-family.

LynxOS components are designed for absolute determinism (hard real-time performance), which means that they respond within a known period of time. Predictable response times are ensured even in the presence of heavy input/output (I/O) due to the kernel's unique threading model, which allows interrupt routines to be very short and fast.

Lynx holds an expired patent on the technology that LynxOS uses to maintain hard real-time performance.  was granted to Lynx November 21, 1995: "Operating System Architecture using Multiple Priority Light Weight kernel Task-based Interrupt Handling."

In 2003, Lynx introduced a specialized version of LynxOS named LynxOS-178, especially for use in avionics applications that require certification to industry standards such as DO-178B.

In late 2022, support for the programming language Rust was added to the certified toolchain for LynxOS-178 and LynxElement unikernel.

The Usenet newsgroup  is devoted to discussion of LynxOS.

See also
 Rust for Linux
 Redox OS

References

External links 
 
 Patent #5,469,571: LynuxWorks' "Operating System Architecture using Multiple Priority Light Weight kernel Task-based Interrupt Handling."
 Whitepaper: Using the Microprocessor MMU for Software Protection in Real-Time Systems
 Applications using LynxOS and other Lynx operating systems

ARM operating systems
Embedded operating systems
Real-time operating systems
Unix variants
X86 operating systems
Narrator (Windows). Narrator is a screen reader in Microsoft Windows. Developed by Professor Paul Blenkhorn in 2000, the utility made the Windows operating system more accessible for blind and visually impaired users.

Overview
Narrator is included with every copy of Microsoft Windows, providing a measure of access to Windows without the need to install additional software as long as the computer in use includes a sound card and speakers or headphones. Windows 2000 was the first Microsoft operating system released with some degree of accessibility for the blind built in, permitting a blind person to walk up to any such computer and make some use of it immediately.

The Windows 2000 version of Narrator uses SAPI 4 and allows the use of other SAPI 4 voices. The Windows XP version uses the newer SAPI 5. However, it only allows the use of the default voice, Microsoft Sam, even if other voices have been installed.

In Windows Vista and Windows 7, Narrator has been updated to use SAPI 5.3 and the Microsoft Anna voice for English. In Windows Ultimate and Windows editions for China, the Microsoft Lili voice for Mandarin Chinese is included.

In Windows 10, Narrator is available in English (United States, United Kingdom, and India), French, Italian, German, Japanese, Korean, Mandarin (Chinese Simplified and Chinese Traditional), Cantonese (Chinese Traditional), Spanish (Spain and Mexico), Polish, Russian, and Portuguese (Brazil).

A version of Narrator is also included in all Windows Phones, though with far fewer settings than the Narrator for the desktop. Narrator for Windows Phones previously only worked if the phone's language is set to "English (United States)".

There are numerous voices included in the narrator pack, such as Microsoft David, Microsoft Zira, Microsoft Mark, and in earlier editions, Microsoft Hazel.

In Windows 11, the Narrator app was redesigned and new natural voices were added. The app is available in both Dark and Contrast Themes.

References

External links 
 
 
 Microsoft Windows 10 Hear text read aloud with Narrator
 Microsoft Windows 10 Complete guide to Narrator - Microsoft Support

Screen readers
Narrator
1999 software
NuMachine. The NuMachine, or Nu Machine, is an early microprocessor-based computer workstation designed to interface with local area networks. It was developed in the late 1970s at MIT's Laboratory for Computer Science (LCS) by Professor Steve Ward and his research group in concert with Western Digital. The NuMachine is 68010-based running at 10 MHz. The project included the development of TRIX, a Unix operating system variant.

The NuMachine was first developed commercially by Western Digital, but they decided not to enter the workstation business. It was bought by Texas Instruments in 1983. Texas Instruments dropped the NuMachine development in 1985 in favor of the TI Explorer.

Its main legacy is a bus architecture called NuBus that was later adopted by Apple Computer for its Macintosh II and by NeXT, and influenced the design of the PCI bus. The TRIX operating system was used by the GNU Project for its first attempt at an operating system kernel.

References

Computer workstations
1970s introductions
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Texas Instruments
68k-based computers