omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Elephant walk (aeronautics). An elephant walk is a USAF term for the taxiing of military aircraft right before takeoff, when they are in close formation. Often, it takes place right before a minimum interval takeoff.

Origins
The term elephant walk dates to World War II when large fleets of allied bombers would conduct attacks in missions containing 1,000 aircraft. Those who observed the taxiing of these large numbers of aircraft to take off in single file in nose-to-tail formations said that they looked like elephants walking to the next watering hole. Over time, it was incorporated into the lexicon of the United States Air Force to identify a "maximum sortie surge".

Tactical use
The benefits of an elephant walk include being able to show the capability of the units as well as teamwork. It is often performed to prepare squadrons for wartime operations and to prepare pilots for the launching of fully armed aircraft in one mass event.

Other uses
During Operations Linebacker and Linebacker II during the Vietnam War, the term was used as a nickname for the long lines of Boeing B-52 Stratofortress aircraft as they approached their targets. Although the tight groupings were necessary for electronic warfare, their paths were predictable and they were slow targets for North Vietnamese surface-to-air missiles. Within two weeks, the Air Force altered its tactics and began to vary the incoming paths of bombers. In addition to changing this aspect of the attack, the bombers were told to take longer turns after discharging their load, instead of the sharp turn which gave them greater radar exposure. The practice is also used by some aerobatic teams, particularly those associated with a military branch such as the Blue Angels or Thunderbirds of the United States and Canada's Snowbirds, with the teams' aircraft taxiing in tight formation to the runway and maintaining such grouping during takeoff.

References

External links

Video of a B-52 elephant walk and MITO at Minot AFB, ND
The Story Behind The Air Force Elephant Walk

Flight phases
United States Air Force
Philadelphia rod. A Philadelphia rod is a level staff used in surveying. The rod is used in levelling procedures to determine elevations and is read using a level. 

A Philadelphia rod consists of two sliding sections graduated in hundredths of a foot. On the front of the rod the graduation increasing from zero at the bottom. On the back of the rod the graduation decrease from 13.09 ft at the bottom to 7 ft. The division of the device in two sliding sections are devised for ease of transport. Readings of  or less, and up to , can be measured. It has a rear section that slides on the front section. The rod must be fully extended, when higher measurements are needed to avoid reading errors. Distances of up to  may be read.

The rod may be equipped with a target to increase the readable range of the rod. When the target is equipped with a Vernier scale measurements to the thousandths of a foot are possible. For readings less than 7 ft the target is attached on the bottom section of the rod and adjust by signals from level operator until the target is inline with the level's horizontal cross hair. For readings greater than 7 ft the target is attached to top section of the rod and the top section is raised/lowered until it the target intersects with the cross hair of the level. The rod is then locked and the zero of Vernier scale on the back of the rod will be aligned with the target's height.

References

Surveying instruments
Johannes La Grouw. Johannes La Grouw  (24 August 1913 – 20 September 2011) was a Dutch-born New Zealand architect, engineer, businessman, artist and philanthropist. La Grouw developed a special patented house manufacturing system constructed of solid wood that eventually became a New Zealand icon for housing that can withstand the forces of nature, yet fit in nicely with them.

Background
La Grouw was educated at Higher Technical School for Architecture and Engineering. He was a building contractor in Amsterdam, Holland, from 1948 to 1951. He was founding director of Lockwood Buildings Ltd. He was a life member of Outward Bound Trust.

New Zealand company
La Grouw and Johannes Van Loghem (the co-founders of Lockwood Homes) began their unique company in 1951, by importing prefabricated homes from the Netherlands when Dutch migrants brought in crates of their own homes because of a building shortage. The company flourished and became a big player in the New Zealand construction industry.

Honours
In the 1991 Queen's Birthday Honours, La Grouw was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire, for services to the building and construction industry.

La Grouw was inducted into the New Zealand Business Hall of Fame in 2007 for his revolutionary house construction system and contributions to business in New Zealand and abroad.

References

1913 births
2011 deaths
New Zealand businesspeople
Businesspeople from Amsterdam
Dutch emigrants to New Zealand
New Zealand Officers of the Order of the British Empire
2002 in the environment. This is a list of notable events relating to the environment in 2002. They relate to environmental law, conservation, environmentalism and environmental issues.

Events

The year 2002 was dedicated as the International Year of Ecotourism and Mountains.
The ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution was signed between all ASEAN nations to reduce haze pollution in Southeast Asia.

March
The Earth observation satellite Envisat is launched by the European Space Agency.
Native forest logging on public land ends in New Zealand.

April
The Melbourne Principles for Sustainable Cities were drawn up in the Australian city of Melbourne.

July
The Game and Feral Animal Control Act 2002 passes into law. It aims to manage and regulate the hunting of game in New South Wales in Australia.

August
The World Summit on Sustainable Development, WSSD or Earth Summit 2002 took place in Johannesburg, South Africa, from 26 August to 4 September 2002. It was convened to discuss sustainable development by the United Nations.

November
The Climate Change Response Act 2002 is passed by the government of New Zealand.
The Prestige oil spill occurred off the coast of Galicia caused by the sinking of an oil tanker. The spill polluted thousands of kilometres of coastline and more than one thousand beaches on the Spanish, French and Portuguese coast, as well as causing great harm to the local fishing industry. The spill is the largest environmental disaster of both Spain's history and Portugal's history.

December
The Species at Risk Act became law in Canada. It was designed to meet one of Canada's key commitments under the International Convention on Biological Diversity.

See also

Human impact on the environment
OpenWebGlobe. OpenWebGlobe was a project and technology for processing and interactively visualizing vast volumes of geospatial data in a 3D virtual globe, even the forks on GitHub are rather dead .
The OpenWebGlobe virtual globe can have several data categories like image data, elevation data, points of interest, vector data, and 3D objects. Before streaming such massive and complex data over the internet, this data must be pre-processed. Such pre-processing usually comprises a transformation from a local to a global reference system, creation of pyramid layers or levels of detail (LOD), tiling of the data, and optionally compression and encryption. Recently, these algorithms were ported to high performance compute cluster using OpenMP and MPI and are also released as open-source. Because data sets are usually large, containing several terabytes, advanced out-of-core rendering mechanisms with a level of detail approach are used for visualization.

OpenWebGlobe is an open-source project. It is written in WebGL. The lead developer is the Institute of Geomatics Engineering at the University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland ().

Developing Globe Applications 

The OpenWebGlobe SDK is also a 3D engine on top of WebGL. With the OpenWebGlobe SDK it is possible to create custom virtual globe applications. This JavaScript "Hello World" example creates a virtual globe and adds an image and elevation layer:

function main()
{
   // (1) create an OpenWebGlobe context using canvas
   // first parameter is canvas-id and second is "fullscreen"
   var ctx = ogCreateContextFromCanvas("canvas", true);
 
   // (2) Create a virtual globe
   var globe = ogCreateGlobe(ctx);
 
   // (3) Add an image and an elevation layer
 
   var imgBlueMarble500 = 
   {
      url     : ["http://www.openwebglobe.org/data/img"],
      layer   : "World500",
      service : "i3d"
   };
 
   var elvSRTM_CH = 
   {
      url     : ["http://www.openwebglobe.org/data/elv"],
      layer   : "SRTM",
      service : "i3d"
   };
 
   ogAddImageLayer(globe, imgBlueMarble500);
   ogAddElevationLayer(globe, elvSRTM_CH);
 
   // (4) Set the background color
   ogSetBackgroundColor(ctx, 0.2,0.2,0.7,1); 
}

Demos

Switzerland 3D 
The demo version of a potential 3D Viewer for geo.admin.ch - the geo-portal of the Swiss Confederation - was online on the OpenWebGlobe's website until July 31, 2012. The scene covered the entire Switzerland and was based on high resolution data from swisstopo (SWISSIMAGE).

Source code

References

External links
 
 Demo: Switzerland 3D

Cross-platform free software
Geomatics engineering
JavaScript
Virtual globes
WebGL
Henry Ford Technical Fellow. In 1994, Ford Motor Company created the position of Henry Ford Technical Fellow. This appointment is the most prestigious technical leadership position in the Company. It is intended to recognize exceptional engineers and scientists in research, product development, quality, information technology and manufacturing. It also recognizes their contributions as top technical experts with a national/international reputation in a key automotive related field.   Fellows provide technical expertise, guidance and leadership in the application of relevant engineering and/or scientific principles to product development, manufacturing, smart mobility, information technology, data and analytics, and other areas of the business on technical matters. They also play a major consultative role to the senior leadership of the company in the development of corporate technical strategy and plans, and serve as champions of the Technical Specialist Program in the Company. To date, there have been 19 individuals appointed as a Henry Ford Technical Fellow.

 1994: Dr. Rodney Edwards - Vehicle Prototyping
 1994: Dr. Haren S. Gandhi - Automotive Exhaust Catalysts
 1994: Dr. Wallace R. Wade - Powertrain Engineering
 1995: Dr. Priyaranjan Prasad  - Biomechanics and Automotive Safety
 1995: Louis R. Ross  - Vehicle Engineering
 1996: Dr. Christopher L. Magee - Systems Engineering
 1997: Prof. Dr. Werner Kalkert - Powertrain Engineering
 1998: Richard Riff - C3P Technology
 1999: Prof. Dr. Rodney J. Tabaczynski  - ICE Pollution Control
 2001: Dr. Timothy P. Davis - Quality Engineering
 2002: Dr. Takeshi Abe - Vehicle Driving Dynamics
 2006: Dr. Davor Hrovat  - Automotive Control Systems
 2010: James Buczkowski - Electrical and Electronics Systems
 2013: Dr. Mike Tamor  - Hybrid Vehicles and Fuel Cells
 2017: Dr. Dimitar Filev  - Intelligent Information & Control Systems
 2021: Dr. Debbie Mielewski  - Sustainability Engineering
 2022: Dr. Anthony D. Cooprider - Electrical and Electronic Systems Integrity
 2022: Dr. Cynthia Flanigan  - Advanced Materials
 2023: Prof. Dr. Vasiliy Krivtsov  - Probabilistic Risk Assessment

References 

Ford Motor Company
Europe Sails Excel. The Europe Sails Excel is an Austrian high-wing, single-place, hang glider that was designed and produced by Europe Sails.

Design and development
The Excel was produced in the early 2000s, in one size only, the Excel 146, with a wing area of .

The aircraft is made from aluminum tubing, with the wing covered in Dacron sailcloth. Its  span wing has a nose angle of 133° and the pilot hook-in weight range is . The design was certified as DHV class 2-3 and sold for €3074 in 2003.

Specifications (Excel 146)

References

Hang gliders
Europe Sails Hyper. The Europe Sails Hyper is an Austrian high-wing, single-place, hang glider that was designed and produced by Europe Sails.

Design and development
The Hyper was produced in the early 2000s, in one size only, with a wing area of .

The aircraft is made from aluminum tubing, with the wing covered in Dacron sailcloth. Its  span wing has a nose angle of 132° and an aspect ratio of 7.5:1. The design sold for €3963 in 2003.

Specifications (Hyper)

References

Hang gliders
Europe Sails Special Dimensione. The Europe Sails Special Dimensione is an Austrian high-wing, single-place, hang glider that was designed and produced by Europe Sails.

Design and development
The Special Dimensione was produced in the early 2000s, in one size only with a wing area of .

The aircraft is made from aluminum tubing, with the wing covered in Dacron sailcloth. Its  span wing has a nose angle of 126° and the pilot hook-in weight range is . The design was certified as DHV class 2-3 and sold for €2778 in 2003.

Specifications (Special Dimensione)

References

Hang gliders
Europe Sails Independent. The Europe Sails Independent is an Austrian high-wing, single-place, hang glider, designed and produced by Europe Sails.

Design and development
The Independent was introduced in 2003 as a "topless" competition design, lacking a kingpost and top rigging. It is available in two sizes.

The aircraft is made from a combination of 7075 aluminum tubing and carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer, with the wing covered in 170g Dacron sailcloth. The wing nose angle is 132°. The wing features carbon fibre tips to smooth airflow and improve handling. The model number indicates the approximate wing area in square meters.

Variants
Independent 13
Small sized model with a wing area of  and a wing span of . The pilot hook-in weight range is . This model sold for €5084 in 2003.
Independent 14
Large sized model with a wing area of  and a wing span of . The pilot hook-in weight range is . This model sold for €5168 in 2003.

Specifications (Independent 14)

References

Hang gliders
Laxmikant Kale. Laxmikant (Sanjay) V. Kale is the director of the Parallel Programming Laboratory (PPL) and a professor of computer science at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He also holds department affiliations with the Beckman Institute and the Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering at Illinois.

Charm++ 

Professor Kale is perhaps best known for Charm++, a parallel object-oriented programming language based on C++. Under his leadership and direction, members of PPL developed (and continue to evolve) Charm++ and its predecessor, Chare Kernel, along with Adaptive MPI (AMPI). On top of this programming system, many parallel applications and libraries have been developed, such as NAMD, OpenAtom, Charisma, et al.

Professor Kale and his research group frequently collaborate with scientists in other disciplines to come up with novel ways of using high performance computing for scientific research and discovery. His research is guided by the principles of improving computer performance and human productivity in parallel programming.

Research group 
The Parallel Programming Laboratory (PPL) is Professor Kale's research group at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The group is composed of research scientists and graduate and undergraduate research assistants in collaboration with domain scientists throughout the world. The group's current collaborations include NCSA's Blue Waters project and Virginia Tech's Contagion project, among others.

Awards 
Professor Kale was elevated to an ACM Fellow in December 2017 for his contributions to parallel programming and high performance computing. He was named the Paul and Cynthia Saylor Professor of Computer Science in November 2016. He was awarded the IEEE Sidney Fernbach award in 2012 and was recognized as an IEEE Fellow in November 2011 for "development of parallel programming techniques and awarded a Gordon Bell special prize in 2002 for NAMD: Biomolecular Simulation on Thousands of Processors, where "researchers achieved unprecedented scaling of the code that renders an atom-by-atom blueprint of large biomolecules and biomolecular systems." Other awards include the C. W. Gear Outstanding Junior Faculty Award, Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1990 and ONR Young Investigator (1990–93).

Education 
Professor Kale earned his Ph.D. and M.S. in computer science from the State University of New York (SUNY), Stony Brook with David Scott Warren as his advisor. He earned a M.E. in computer science from the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore, in 1979 and his undergraduate work was completed in 1977 at the Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, where he earned a B. Tech in Electrical Engineering.

References

External links 
 PPL homepage
 Professor Kale's page
 Professor Kale's listing in the Mathematics Genealogy Project

University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign faculty
Place of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Banaras Hindu University alumni
Indian Institute of Science alumni
Stony Brook University alumni
Indian computer scientists
NanoLumens. NanoLumens Inc. is a private American corporation that designs and manufactures digital LED displays. Since its founding in 2006, it has designed products that target the market gap between consumer flat panel displays and commercial outdoor LED billboards in indoor spaces. It is best known for creating the world's first large-format flexible display, the NanoFlex 112"; but now has a full product line of fixed, indoor LED displays in any size, shape, or curvature. It is currently headquartered in Peachtree Corners, Georgia, a North Atlanta suburb.

History 
NanoLumens was launched in 2006 by then CEO Richard 'Rick' Cope. NanoLumens now holds over 200 patents on the technology used in their displays.

The company raised more than $10 million from 2006 to 2009 from angel investors to fund their operations, and primarily targets the digital out-of-home (DOOH) market, with sales in the U.S. & Canada, and expansion in Europe, the Middle East, Australia, and South America.

NanoLumens relocated its headquarters at the beginning of 2012 to a new 32,000 square foot office center in the North Atlanta suburb of Peachtree Corners after being courted by the Gwinnett Chamber Economic Development Department and the Georgia Department of Economic Development to stay in the area. The new facility houses the largest digital display showroom in the US. 2012 also marked the company's first full year of commercial production.

Key personnel

 Gary Feather, Chief Technology Officer
 Chuck Gottschalk, Chief Operating Officer
 Dave Merlino, Vice President of Sales
 Joe' Lloyd, Vice President of Global Marketing and Business Development

Product lines 
NanoLumens produces digital display solutions targeting the Digital Out-of-Home (DOOH) Market for indoor installations. Displays range from 0.93mm to 10mm pixel pitches depending on the model and can be flat, curved, or cylindrical. Markets served include broadcast facilities, the conventions/hospitality industry, casinos, educational institutions, sports venues, federal systems, transportation hubs, and retail stores.

References

Display technology companies
Privately held companies based in Georgia (U.S. state)
Technology companies established in 2006
2006 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Manufacturing companies based in Georgia (U.S. state)
Companies based in Gwinnett County, Georgia
Chorzów Power Station. Chorzów power station is a thermal power plant located in Chorzów, Silesian Voivodeship, Poland. It has been in operation since 1898, since 2003 under the name Elcho.

Currently (2012), the plant produces electrical power (generating capacity of 204 MW) as well as heat (500 MW) for district heating, based on hard coal.

Technical data 
 Two blocks
 Steam flow: 119.1 kg/s per block
 Steam pressure: 13.59 MPa
 Steam temperature: 539 °C

External links 

 https://web.archive.org/web/20111213203745/http://www.cezpolska.pl/pl/cez-w-polsce/ec-elcho-s-a.html (in Polish)
 Gallery with historical images of the power plant and surrounding electricity pylons

Coal-fired power stations in Poland
Buildings and structures in Chorzów
Cogeneration power stations in Poland
USS Ralph Johnson. USS Ralph Johnson (DDG-114) is an  of the United States Navy. Ralph Johnson is the 64th ship of the class and was commissioned on 24 March 2018.

Construction and career
The contract to build the destroyer was awarded on 26 September 2011 to Ingalls Shipbuilding of Pascagoula, Mississippi. On 15 February 2012, Secretary of the Navy Ray Mabus announced the ship was to be named Ralph Johnson in honor of Marine Ralph H. Johnson, who was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for shielding two fellow Marines from a grenade in March 1968 during the Vietnam War. The contract was worth $697.6 million fixed price, and was also the 30th Arleigh Burke-class destroyer contract issued to Ingalls Shipbuilding.

Ralph Johnson is the 64th ship of the Arleigh Burke class of destroyers, the first of which, , was commissioned in July 1991. With 75 ships planned to be built in total, the class has the longest production run for any U.S. Navy surface combatant. As an Arleigh Burke-class ship, Ralph Johnsons roles included anti-aircraft, anti-submarine, and anti-surface warfare, as well as strike operations. During the long production run, the class was built in three flights—Flight I (DDG-51–DDG-71), Flight II (DDG-72–DDG-78), and Flight IIA (DDG-79– ). Ralph Johnson is a Flight IIA ship, and as such, features several improvements in terms of ballistic missile defence, an embarked air wing, and the inclusion of mine-detecting ability.

In 2008, the U.S. Navy decided to restart production of the Arleigh Burke class as orders for the  was reduced from ten to three. The first three ships (DDG-113—DDG-115) ordered following the product decision are known as the "restart" ships, while "technology insertion" ships (DDG-116—DDG-123) are expected to incorporate certain elements of Arleigh Burke class Flight III, which in turn will run from DDG-124 onwards. As a "restart" ship, Ralph Johnson  primarily features upgraded electronics; she was originally scheduled to be delivered in August 2016, but construction was delayed and delivery was rescheduled for late 2017 after sea trials were completed in the middle of the year.

The warship arrived at the Port of Charleston's Columbus Street Terminal on 19 March 2018 and was commissioned on 24 March.

In 2019, Ralph Johnsons homeport shifted to Yokosuka, Japan, replacing .

On 4 September 2023, Ralph Johnson conducted a bilateral sail with  of the Philippine Navy in the South China Sea.

Awards

 Battle "E" – (2020)
 Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) Ship-Helicopter Safety Award - (2020)
 Retention Excellence Award - (2020)

Gallery

References

External links

 Navy to name destroyer after local native
 Five New U.S. Navy Ship Names Announced
 Navy names two ships for Marines
 Navy: 3 new ships to be named after war heroes

Arleigh Burke-class destroyers
2015 ships
Naval ships involved in the COVID-19 pandemic