omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Pool Registrar. In computing, a Pool Registrar (PR) is a component of the reliable server pooling (RSerPool) framework which manages a handlespace. PRs are also denoted as ENRP server or Name Server (NS).

The responsibilities of a PR are the following:
 Register Pool Elements into a handlespace,
 Deregister Pool Elements from a handlespace,
 Monitor Pool Elements by keep-alive messages,
 Provide handle resolution (i.e. server selection) to Pool Users,
 Audit the consistency of a handlespace between multiple PRs,
 Synchronize a handlespace with another PR.

Standards Documents 
 Aggregate Server Access Protocol (ASAP)
 Endpoint Handlespace Redundancy Protocol (ENRP)
 Aggregate Server Access Protocol (ASAP) and Endpoint Handlespace Redundancy Protocol (ENRP) Parameters
 Reliable Server Pooling Policies

External links 
 Thomas Dreibholz's Reliable Server Pooling (RSerPool) Page
 IETF RSerPool Working Group

Internet protocols
Internet Standards
Structure gauge. A structure gauge, also called the minimum structure outline, is a diagram or physical structure that sets limits to the extent that bridges, tunnels and other infrastructure can encroach on rail vehicles. It specifies the height and width of station platforms, tunnels and bridges, and the width of the doors that allow access to a warehouse from a rail siding.  Specifications may include the minimum distance from rail vehicles to railway platforms, buildings, lineside electrical equipment cabinets, signalling equipment, third rails or supports for overhead lines.

A related but separate gauge is the loading gauge: a diagram or physical structure that defines the maximum height and width dimensions in railway vehicles and their loads. The difference between these two gauges is called the clearance. The specified amount of clearance makes allowance for wobbling of rail vehicles at speed or the shifting of vehicles on curves; consequently, in some circumstances a train may be permitted to go past a restricted clearance at very slow speed.

Road traffic application 

The term can also be applied to the minimum size of road tunnels, the space beneath overpasses and the space within the superstructure of bridges, as well as doors into automobile repair shops, bus garages, filling stations, residential garages, multi-storey car parks, overhangs at drive-throughs and warehouses.

Eurocode 1: Actions on structures has a definition of "physical clearance" between roadway surface and the underside of bridge element. The code also defines the clearance that is shorter than the physical clearance to account for sag curves, bridge deflection and expected settlements with a recommendation of minimum clearance of . 
In UK, the "standard minimum clearance" for structures over public highways is . In United States, the "minimum vertical clearance" of overpasses on Interstate Highway System is .

Gallery

See also

 Air draft, applies to bridges across navigable waterways
 Berne gauge
 Bridge
 Clearance car
 Cut
 Disadvantages of third rail (additional infrastructure restrictions)
 Engineering tolerance
 List of bridges known for strikes
 Loading gauge
 Railway platform
 Railway platform height
 Tunnel
 Wayobjects

References

External links 
 Transport Canada, Standard Respecting Railway Clearance
 GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN RAILROAD HIGH AND WIDE CLEARANCES 
 Railway line clearances and car dimensions including weight ..., Volumes 87-90
 www.ipm.fraunhofer.de/railway

Rail infrastructure
Road hazards
ADVISE. ADVISE (Analysis, Dissemination, Visualization, Insight, and Semantic Enhancement) is a research and development program within the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Threat and Vulnerability Testing and Assessment (TVTA) portfolio. It is reportedly developing a massive data mining system, which would collect and analyze data on everyone in the United States and perform a "threat analysis" on them. The data can be anything from financial records, phone records, emails, blog entries, website searches, to any other electronic information that can be put into a computer system. This information is then analyzed, and used to monitor social threats such as community-forming, terrorism, political organizing, or crime.

ADVISE will possess the ability to store one quadrillion data entities.

The exact scope and degree of completion of the program is unclear. ADVISE is in the 2004-2006 Federal DHS Budget as a component of the $47 million TVTA program.

The program was officially scrapped in September 2007 after the agency's internal Inspector General found that pilot testing of the system had been performed using data on real people without required privacy safeguards in place.

See also 
 Data warehouse
 Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)
 ECHELON
 Information Awareness Office
 NSA warrantless surveillance controversy
 TALON (Threat and Local Observation Notice)

References

External links 
 US plans massive data sweep, February 9, 2006 article by Mark Clayton in the Christian Science Monitor
 Data Sciences Technology for Homeland Security Information Management and Knowledge Discovery, report of the Department of Homeland Security Workshop on Data Sciences conducted September 22–23, 2004, released in January 2005 by Sandia National Laboratories and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. See pages 7–8.
 Information to Insight in a Counterterrorism Context, report on ADVISE prepared for the US Department of Energy by Robert Burleson of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory at the University of California
 Threat & Vulnerability, Testing & Assessment - $47M, page 23 of Fiscal Year 2006 Budget Brief for the Department of Homeland Security Science & Technology Directory, by Parney Albright, March 1, 2005
  ADVISE at SourceWatch

United States Department of Homeland Security
Privacy of telecommunications
Mass surveillance
Miller process. The Miller process is an industrial-scale chemical procedure used to refine gold to a high degree of purity (99.5%). It was patented by Francis Bowyer Miller in 1867. This chemical process involves blowing chlorine gas through molten, but (slightly) impure, gold.  Nearly all metal contaminants react to form chlorides but gold does not at these high temperatures. The other metals volatilize or form a low density slag on top of the molten gold.  

When all impurities have been removed from the gold (observable by a change in flame color) the gold is removed and processed in the manner required for sale or use. The resulting gold is 99.5% pure, but of lower purity than gold produced by the other common refining method, the Wohlwill process, which produces gold of up to 99.999% purity.

The Wohlwill process is commonly used for producing high-purity gold, such as in electronics work, where exacting standards of purity are required. When highest purity gold is not required, refiners use the Miller process due to its relative ease, quicker turnaround times, and because it does not tie up the large amount of gold in the form of chloroauric acid which the Wohlwill process permanently requires for the electrolyte.

See also
Gold parting

References

Metallurgical processes
Gold industry
Volkswagen Concept R. The Volkswagen Concept R is a concept car developed by the German automaker Volkswagen and officially unveiled at the September 2003 Frankfurt Auto Show. It is a study of a sporty two seat roadster, with mid-engine and rear wheel drive. The Concept R is powered by a V6 3.2 L FSI petrol engine developing a maximum output of  at 6,250 rpm and  of torque at 2,800 rpm.

It is strong enough to accelerate the car from 0 to 100 km/h in 5.3 seconds, and make it reach the electronically limited top speed of 250 km/h (155 mph). Without the speed governor, the car would be even able to reach the top speed of 270 km/h (167 mph). The power is transferred to the road via a six speed direct-shift gearbox.

The designer team for this concept was led by Murat Günak and Peter Schreyer, and broke the ground for the Volkswagen brand in developing the roadster vehicle. At  of length,  of width and  of height, the Concept R roadster has almost the same length and width as the fifth generation Volkswagen Golf hatchback, on whose platform it has been built.

The concept has some interesting design features such as the Volkswagen logo, which is generated digitally by a display and begins to pulsate in the so-called OLED screen when the driver turns on the ignition. When the ignition is activated, the pulse stops.

Also, its seats are not adjustable in any way and the driver must electrically move the polished metal information block of the instrument panel, including the steering wheel and pedal cluster back or forth to find the correct seating position. For the first time in a sports car, the seats are filled with active foam which adapts to the body shape of the driver and passenger.

At a press dinner held during the 2005 North American International Auto Show, Bernd Pischetsrieder, the chairman of the Volkswagen Group, confirmed that Volkswagen intended to build a production vehicle similar to this concept. As of  , no production model has appeared, however another, similar, concept car, the Volkswagen Concept BlueSport, was unveiled at the 2009 North American International Auto Show.

External links and references

 RSportsCars.com - with story and both exterior and interior pictures
 Dr. Pischetsrieder confirms Concept R production - from VWvortex

Concept R
Air Training Officer. Air Training Officers (ATO) were specially selected commissioned officers who served as surrogate upperclass cadets at the United States Air Force Academy.

Establishment of the Air Force Academy
the history of flight training by the predecessor organizations of the United States Air Force. The U.S. Army purchased its first airplane, built and successfully flown by Orville and Wilbur Wright, in 1909, and placed both lighter- and heavier-than-air aeronautics in the Division of Military Aeronautics of the Signal Corps.
The original Air Training Officers were commissioned junior officers who served as a surrogate upperclass for incoming cadets before there were actual upperclass cadets to conduct training and oversee the Cadet Wing.

Admission of Women to the Academy
In 1976, the ATO program was revived in a modified form when women were allowed to attend the Air Force Academy.  The academy brought in a number of female junior officers to learn about Academy life and act as surrogate upperclassmen specifically for the new female cadets.

Before taking on their roles, the new ATOs underwent Survival, Evasion, Resistance and Escape (SERE) training, physical conditioning, various airmanship programs, field training at Jacks Valley and audited academic courses. Special counseling courses enabled the ATOs to help women cadets with potential personal problems.

Notes 
1. Cameron 1999, p. iii.

External links
AFMC General First to Introduce Women to AF Academy Life, AFMC Public Affairs article

References 

 

United States Air Force Academy
Wiring pencil. A wiring pencil (often sold under the trade names of Roadrunner or Verowire) is a tool for making electrical connections.

A small reel of insulated copper wire is mounted at the top of the tool. The wire runs down the center of the wiring pencil and through a hardened tip, which is small enough to move between the pins of 0.1" pitch DIL chip allowing connections to be wrapped and the wire to be led across the circuit board to the next point it's needed.

The wire is coated with a polymer lacquer (commonly referred to as enamel, but not glass based). Once wrapped the connections are soldered, the heat of this burning the lacquer away and completing the joint. Insulated wire is normally 38 SWG (0.15mm), ground connections are sometimes made with uninsulated wire which is slightly heavier (33 SWG, 0.25mm).

A well ventilated area and/or fume extraction are very important when carrying out this process due to the toxic fumes. Sometimes, where there are many wires, plastic comb-like structures are used for wire management.

See also

Wire wrap
Solderable enamel wire

References

External links
http://www.instructables.com/id/Mechanical-Prototyping-Pencil/

Electronics work tools
Wire
Meem. Meem is the letter Mem (also known as Meem / Mim), the thirteenth letter of many Semitic language abjads, including Phoenician, Aramaic, Hebrew and Arabic 

Meem may also refer to:

Gilbert S. Meem (1824–1908), Virginia politician and Confederate brigadier general
John Gaw Meem (1894–1983), American architect 
Meem (bank), the retail banking arm of Gulf International Bank
The commonly used phonetic pronunciation of the abbreviation for the Mechanical Engineering-Engineering Mechanics building at Michigan Technological University
Bidya Sinha Saha Mim (born 1992), Bangladeshi actress

See also
Meme (disambiguation)
List of Leyland buses. This is a list of all known passenger chassis and integral bus vehicles manufactured by Leyland Motors and Leyland Bus from 1919 until closure.

1919 - 1925

 A1, A5, A7, A9, A11, A13 - 1920-1926
 B - 1919-1920
 C, C1, C5, C7, C9 - 1919-1926
 D - 1920-1924
 E - 1919-1920
 F - 1919
 G, G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6, G7, G8 - 1919-1924
 H - 1919-1920
 J - 1919-1920
 K - 1919
 L - 1919-1920
 M, M1 - 1919-1921
 N - 1919-1921
 O, O1 - 1919-1921
 RAF - 1919-1925
 SG2, SG4, SG6, SG7, SG9, SG11 - 1923-1926
 GH2, GH4, GH5, GH7, GH8 - 1923-1926
 OP2 - 1921-1924
 OH2 - 1923-1926
 LB2, LB4, LB5 - 1922-1926
 Z3, Z4, Z5, Z6, Z7 - 1923-1926

1925 - 1942

 Leviathan - 1925-1927
 Lion LSC1, LSC3 - 1925-1931
 Leopard (PLSC2) - 1926
 Leveret - 1926-1928
 Lioness - 1926-1934
 Lion (LT series) - 1929-1940
 Titan (front-engined, TD series) - 1927-1942, unfrozen only after 1940
 Titanic - 1927-1931
 Tiger (front-engined, TS series) - 1927-1942, unfrozen only after 1940
 Tigress - 1934-1939
 Badger - 1930-1936
 Cub - 1931-1938
 Cheetah - 1935-1940
 Gnu - 1937-1939
 Tiger FEC (underfloor engine) - London Transport TF Class - 1939
 REC Cub (rear engine) - London Transport CR Class - 1939
 Panda - 1940

Most chassis with names beginning with the letter L had four-cylinder engines; those beginning with the letter T had six-cylinder engines. There was a Tiger model (built in small numbers) with a four-cylinder engine

1945 - closure

Articulated
 Leyland-DAB articulated bus 1980-?

Double deck
 Titan (front-engined, PD series) - 1945-1970
 Lowlander - 1961-1966
 Atlantean - 1956-1986
 Fleetline - 1973-1980, from Daimler
 Titan (B15) - 1974-1984
 Victory Mark 2 - 1978-1981, built at Guy factory at Wolverhampton
 Olympian - 1979-1993
 Lion - 1986-1988

Single deck

 Tiger (front-engined, PS series) - 1948-1968
 Comet - 1948-1971
 Olympic - 1949-1971
 Royal Tiger - 1950-1955
  Worldmaster - 1955-1979
 Tiger Cub - 1952-1969
 Olympian - 1953-1958
 Leopard - 1959-1982
 Lion - 1960-1965
 Royal Tiger Cub - 1960-1968
 Panther - 1964-1972
 Panther Cub - 1964-1968
 National/National 2 - 1969-1985
 Cub - 1979-1987
 Tiger (mid-engined) - 1979-1992
 B21 - 1975-1983
 Super Viking - 1980-1984
 Royal Tiger (B50/B54) - 1982-1987
 Lynx - 1984-1992
 Swift - 1987-1991

See also

List of buses
Leyland Motors
Leyland Bus

Leyland Buses

Leyland Buses
El Centro Integrado de Technologia Appropriada. El Centro Integrado de Tecnología Apropiada (CITA) is a Cuban appropriate technology organization. It is the equivalent of the UK's Centre for Alternative Technology. It is stationed at Camagüey (Circunvalación Norte). 

In 2005 a representative of CITA participated in the "Public Seminar Series" of the International Institute for Resource Industries and Sustainability Studies (IRIS), on the topic Renewable Energy in Cuba: Sustainable Solutions for the Future (April, 2005).

Sources
Centro Integrado de Tecnología Apropiada (CITA)

International Institute for Resource Industries & Sustainability Studies (IRIS)

References

Appropriate technology organizations
Organizations based in Cuba
Air Weapons Complex. The Air Weapons Complex (AWC), operated under the National Engineering and Scientific Commission (NESCOM), is a Pakistani research and development entity. Established in 1992 by the Pakistan Air Force, it specialises in advancing airborne applications of explosive engineering.

The AWC plays a pivotal role in developing and integrating aerospace war-fighting technologies, catering specifically to the needs of the Pakistan Air Force. Notable achievements include the design and development of air-launched cruise missiles (ALCM) and collaborative efforts with leading defence contractors like NESCOM, DESTO and the NDC.

Products

Airborne systems
 Airborne Video Tape Recorder (AVTR) system
 Airborne Digital Data Recorder system
 Infra-red search and track (IRST) system
 GPS navigation system
 Mechanical gyro and iFOG-based inertial navigation system (INS)
 MOHAFIZ counter-measures dispensing system
 Laser guidance for Mk.80 series bombs (license-manufactured design from the US)

Air-launched weaponry
 Practice bombs (6 kg, 11 kg)
 250 kg Pre-fragmented bomb
 250 kg Mk.82 general-purpose bomb
 500 kg Mk.83 bomb
 1000 kg Mk.84 bomb
 Mk.80 series general-purpose bomb tail units (low drag or high drag speed-retarding devices)
 HAFR-1, HAFR-2 and RPB-1 anti-runway weapons 
 H-2 SOW
 H-4 SOW
 Ra'ad ALCM
 Ra'ad-II ALCM

Electronics
 Air Defence Automation System (C4I system) - given to Bangladesh, installed by AWC engineers circa 2005.
 Electronic fuses for air-launched weapons (impact and proximity fuses)
 Real-time ACMI system
 Voice/Fax/Data encryption system

Other
 Multi-Spectral Camouflage Net - camouflages against night-vision, infra-red, radar and millimeter wave sensors as well as visual detection. Stated to reduce an object's radar cross-section (RCS) by 86% on average and reduce average detection range by 43.8%.

Technical Expertise
 Software Development for Mission Critical Systems
 Nondestructive Testing Software and Mechanical Support
 Electronic System Design and Production
 Prototyping and Production of Specialized Mechanical Assemblies
 Mechanical Components Precision Manufacturing
 TQM Practices
 Mil-Spec Qualifications
 CAD/CAM Support

UAV project
The Air Weapons Complex embarked on a project for the indigenous development of UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles) in mid-1998. The Sky Tracker and Sky Navigator software suites were developed for the ground-based tracking of UAVs. The software retrieves the GPS position data from the UAV via a radio data-link 17 and uses it to show the position of the UAV as a 2D plot along with other essential data such as, speed, altitude, heading, etc. This plot can be overlaid onto area maps as well. This information is used by the pilot for flying the UAV from the ground-based command station.

References

A
Pakistan federal departments and agencies
Defence companies of Pakistan
Weapon development
Military research of Pakistan
1992 establishments in Pakistan
Guided missile manufacturers
Beltel. Beltel was the name and trademark used by the South African Department of Posts and Telecommunications (later Telkom) for its Videotex system between the mid eighties and 1999.

The system used telephone lines and modems connected to personal computers or to dumb terminals which had built in modems.

The system incorporated a billing system which enabled information providers and service providers to receive payment for information and services provided to users. The billing system was capable of handling very small transactions, and referred to as Micro-billing. Today all of the functionality of the Beltel system, and more, is delivered by handheld mobile phones or cellphones and PDAs which utilize mobile payment.

Booklets/Magazines:
What is BELTEL?
BELTEL user manual. (Setting up, Facilities, Passwords, Logging off, Mail, Commands) 
Videotex SA Beltel. (Various business services for its 14,000 users) (In 1990)
BELTEL as a business tool
The BELTEL post box.
Telematics: (News, views, reviews and adverts) (Seasonal)

Beltel provided many online services such as:
Debates, competitions, prizes.
Banking:
Allied Bank,	
First National Bank,
Nedbank,
Standard Bank,
Trust bank,
United Bank,
Volkskas Bank

Credit Checking:
National Credit Bureau

Message Handling:
Beltel e-Mail,
Interlink,
Telkom 400

Agriculture
Agritel Fresh Produce,
Agritel Meat Service,	
Boere-Data,
Mielieraad

Directories:
INNOBEL,
Electronic Yellow Pages

Entertainment:
Bel-Base,
Elmdene SA,
Playworld,
Times Media

Chatlines:
FROGG,
Intercom

News/Weather:
Agritel,
Bel-Base,
Elmdene SA,
Times Media

Classifieds:
Bel-Base,
CDS Classifieds,
Junk Mail

References
 

Telecommunications equipment
Videotex
Tin telluride. Tin telluride is a compound of tin and tellurium (SnTe); is a IV-VI narrow band gap semiconductor and has direct band gap of 0.18 eV. It is often alloyed with lead to make lead tin telluride, which is used as an infrared detector material.

Tin telluride normally forms p-type semiconductor (Extrinsic semiconductor) due to tin vacancies and is a low temperature
superconductor.

SnTe exists in three crystal phases. At Low temperatures, where the concentration of hole carriers is less than 1.5x1020 cm−3 , Tin Telluride exists in rhombohedral phase also known as α-SnTe.
At room temperature and atmospheric pressure, Tin Telluride exists in NaCl-like cubic crystal phase, known as β-SnTe.
While at 18 kbar pressure, β-SnTe transforms to γ-SnTe, orthorhombic phase, space group Pnma. This phase change is characterized by 11 percent increase in density and 360 percent increase in resistance for γ-SnTe.

Tin telluride is a thermoelectric material. Theoretical studies
imply that the n-type performance may be particularly good.

Thermal properties
 Standard enthalpy of formation: - 14.6 ± 0.3 kcal/mole at 298 K
 Standard Enthalpy of sublimation: 52.1 ± 1.4 kcal/mole at 298 K
 Heat capacity: 12.1 + 2.1 x 10−3 T cal/deg 
 Bond-dissociation energy for the reaction SnTe(g)-> Sn(g)+ Te(g) : 80.6 ± 1.5 kcal/mole at 298 K
 Entropy: 24.2±0.1 cal/mole.deg
 Enthalpy of Dimerization for the reaction Sn2Te2->2SnTe(g) :46.9 ± 6.0 kcal/mole

Applications
Generally Pb is alloyed with SnTe in order to access interesting optical and electronic properties, In addition, as a result of Quantum confinement, the band gap of the SnTe increases beyond the bulk band gap, covering the mid-IR wavelength range. The alloyed material has been used in mid- IR photodetectors  and thermoelectric generator.

References

External links
 Berlin thermophysical properties database
 Webelements page
 Landolt-Börnstein Substance/SnTe index
 Reflectivity of Tin Telluride in the Infrared

Tellurides
Tin(II) compounds
IV-VI semiconductors
Rock salt crystal structure