omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
White box system. A white box system is a mechanical system installed in the engine room of a ship for controlling and monitoring the engine room bilge water discharge from the vessel.

The system consists of all vital components for monitoring and controlling the discharge from the vessel's oily water separator. The white box includes a stainless steel cage with a locked door. The bilge water from the oily water separator is pumped through the white box and analyzed by an oil content meter. A flow switch secures that there is flow through the oil content meter and a flow meter counts the accumulated discharged overboard volume. If the door is opened, the oil content exceeds the legal limit of 15 parts per million (PPM) or the flow to the oil content meter is lost the three way valve will immediately redirect the bilge water back to the bilge water holding tank. All components inside the system are connected to a digital recorder mounted in the engine control room that records the oil content, three way valve position, flow through oil content meter, accumulated discharged volume, door position together with the vessels geographical position and time. The chief engineer possesses the key and when locked, the system cannot be tampered with and equally importantly provides the evidence that the vessel has been compliant. The recorder data is stored in an encrypted format and can be presented to any official body such as Port State Control, United States Coast Guard, Vetting or Classification society officials to prove that the vessel has been compliant to MARPOL 73/78 (the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution From Ships) or any national regulation, and that no illegal discharge has been made.

References

Shipping and the environment
Water pollution
Heinkel He 57. The Heinkel He 57 was a single engine amphibious flying boat built in 1929.

Development
The sole He 57 (factory designation HE.57) was built by the Ernst-Heinkel-Flugzeugwerken at Warnemunde in 1929. It was displayed at the Paris Aero Show in December 1930 and at the Stockholm International Aero Show in May 1931. It was purchased by the flying school at List auf Sylt who used it as a trainer.

Design
The double stepped hull was made of aluminum. The wings used wood spars and aluminum ribs with fabric covering. The landing gear was hydraulically raised with a manual pump.

Specifications Heinkel He 57

References

He 057
Amphibious aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1929
1920s German civil aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Semantic dictionary encoding. Semantic dictionary encoding (SDE) preserves the full semantic context of source programs while adding further information that can be used for accelerating the speed of code generation. SDE forms a code-generating loader. It is a form of bytecode combined with a JIT compiler. It is code generation at load time.

In an elementary form, the dictionary entries represent nodes in a directed acyclic graph (DAG), that describes the actions of the program, as an abstract syntax tree (AST) in tabular form.

It uses an intermediate representation (IR), that is based on the encoded abstract syntax tree and symbol table of a program.

See also 
 Semantics encoding
 Code generation
 Software portability

References

External links 
 A brief introduction to Semantic Dictionary Encoding
 
 Intermediate representations of mobile code

Compiler construction
Semantics
Duvetyne. Duvetyne, or duvetyn, (also known as Molton and Rokel) is a twill fabric with a velvet-like nap on one side. Duvetyne has a matte finish and its high opacity makes it ideal for blocking light.

It may be woven from cotton, wool, or—in rare cases, mainly in the early 20th century—silk. If made of cotton, it is usually called suede cloth. If wool or wool-blend, it is fulled, napped, and sheared. This entirely hides the weave, making it a blind-faced cloth.

Although it is most commonly used in the motion picture industry, early sources list duvetyne as a common fabric for dresses, suits, and coats. By the 1930s, however, it was widely noted for its use in constructing theatrical cycloramas and theater curtains.

In modern times, fire-retardant black duvetyne is commonly used for curtains, for scenery, and to control light spill. Many commercial lighting flags are made from duvetyne. When used in film applications, especially in the eastern United States, duvetyne is also known as "commando cloth".

In the first season of the original Star Trek television series, the exterior shots of "space" were created by gluing glitter onto black duvetyne.

See also
 Broadcloth
 Monk's cloth
 Melton (cloth)
 Velour

References

Textiles
Stagecraft
Waulked textiles
Spartan 12W Executive. The Spartan 12W Executive was a tricycle gear post-war development of the Spartan 7W Executive, produced by the Spartan Aircraft Company.  The 12W was intended to have higher performance and be more economical than the 7W.

Design and development
After World War II, Spartan aircraft Company president J. Paul Getty was unsure of the market potential of a new executive aircraft. After building just one model 12W Executive (NX21962), the manufacturer lost interest in luxury aircraft and focused on constructing travel trailers instead. The sole example produced was owned by Spartan Aircraft and employed at their flight training school in Tulsa, Oklahoma.

The Spartan 12W Executive features magnesium alloy wings and tail surfaces and range extending wing tip-tanks. The magnesium alloy skin quickly corroded and was replaced with aluminum alloy. The tip-tanks were also removed.

Aircraft on display
Spartan Aircraft flight training school eventually sold the Spartan 12W. Over the years, the aircraft passed through a number of private owners' hands. The 12W was restored in 1967 and in 2012 was retired. The 12W is now on static display at the Tulsa Air and Space Museum & Planetarium.

Specifications

References

Notes

Bibliography

 Davisson, Budd. "Spartan Executive." Air Progress, March 1971.
 Donald, David. Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada: Prospero Books;, 1997. .
 Taylor, Michael J. H. Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. London: Studio Editions, 1989. .

External links

Photo of model 12W
Photo of model 12W

1940s United States civil utility aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Spartan Aircraft Company aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1946
Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear
APA – The Engineered Wood Association. APA – The Engineered Wood Association is a nonprofit trade association of the United States and Canadian engineered wood products industry.  They represent engineered wood manufacturers and mandate things such as quality testing, product research, and market development. APA's corporate headquarters are in Tacoma, Washington. The headquarters campus includes an office building and a 42,000-square-foot Research Center. A regional quality testing laboratory is located in Atlanta, Georgia.

History 
APA – The Engineered Wood Association is the nonprofit trade association of the U.S. and Canadian engineered wood products industry. Based in Tacoma, Washington, the Association is composed of and represents manufacturers of structural plywood, oriented strand board (OSB), cross-laminated timber, glued laminated (glulam) timber, wood I-joists, laminated veneer lumber (LVL) and other structural composite lumber (SCL) products.

APA was founded in 1933 as the Douglas Fir Plywood Association (DFPA) to advance the interests of the burgeoning Pacific Northwest plywood industry. Adhesive and technology improvements eventually led to the manufacture of structural plywood from Southern pine and other species, and in 1964 the Association changed its name to American Plywood Association (APA) to reflect the national scope of its growing membership.

The Association's membership expanded again in the early 1980s with the introduction of oriented strand board (OSB), a product the Association helped bring to market through development of new panel performance standards. A decade later, APA accommodated manufacturers of non-panel engineered wood products, such as glulam timber, wood I-joists and laminated veneer lumber.

To better reflect the broadening product mix and geographic range of its membership, the Association changed its name again in 1994 to APA – The Engineered Wood Association. The acronym “APA” was retained in the name because it was so widely known and respected in the marketplace.

References

External links 
 APA Website

Trade associations based in the United States
MQR-16 Gunrunner. The MQR-16A Gunrunner was an unguided rocket developed by Atlantic Research during the 1960s. Designed with low cost as a priority, the MQR-16A was intended to act as a target drone for use in the development of man-portable surface-to-air missiles, and as a training target for the missile operators. Proving successful, the rocket served in the United States military until the 1980s.

Design and development
Developed in the late 1960s, the Gunrunner was designed as an inexpensive aerial target, unguided and flying on a ballistic path, for use by the United States Army and United States Navy during the development and testing of the FIM-43 Redeye man-portable surface-to-air missile.

The design and construction of the Gunrunner was kept as simple as possible, with the rocket's stabilizing fins using plywood in their construction, and the solid-fueled powerplant being that of the reliable and widely used High Velocity Aerial Rocket (HVAR). The nose of the rocket was equipped with an infrared enhancer to allow for all-aspect target acquisition by the missile that was engaging the target.

Operational history
Entering operational service in 1969, the Gunrunner was given the official designation of MQR-16A in 1971, and proved to be a success in service. Used for training soldiers in the operation of both the Redeye and the MIM-72 Chaparral SAMs, the missile was launched from a frame-type launcher that carried three missiles. Remaining in service until the mid-1980s, the Gunrunner was replaced in U.S. Army service by the MTR-15 BATS.

References

Notes

Bibliography

Target missiles
Cold War rockets of the United States
Military equipment introduced in the 1960s
Hugo Eberhardt (1948). Hugo Eberhardt (born February 21, 1948, in Landl, Styria) was director of TÜV Österreich from 1994 until February 2013 and CEO of TUV AUSTRIA HOLDING AG from 2007 until February 2013.

Education and career
Eberhardt attended the fourth academic high school in Graz. He graduated in 1966 and began his studies of technical chemistry at the Technical University of Graz in 1967, which he completed as "Graduate Engineer" in 1973. From 1973 to 1977 Eberhardt worked as an assistant at the Institute of Anorganic Chemistry at the Technical University Graz. He earned his PhD in Technical Sciences in 1977.

In 1977, Eberhardt joined the "Technischen Überwachungs-Verein Wien" (Technical Inspection Association Vienna, TÜV Wien) at its branch in Wels, where he was tasked with the expansion and management of the Institute of Environmental Technology and Technical Chemistry.

In 1990, he became the head of the federally authorized Research Institute of the Technical Inspection Association Vienna in Vienna.

Eberhardt was appointed Director of TÜV Österreich (previously Technical Inspection Association Vienna) in 1994. Following the reorganization of the association in 2007, Eberhardt assumed the position of Chairman of the Board of TUV Austria Holding AG.

Dr. Hugo Eberhardt retired from his offices as CEO of TÜV AUSTRIA HOLDING AG in 2013. He was succeeded by Dr. Stefan Haas in March 2013.

Further offices 
Since 1990 Eberhardt has been the Austrian representative in EuroLab, the European umbrella organization of testing laboratories) and is co-founder of AustroLab (the national representation of AustroLab) and has since been the president of this organization.

Since 1992 he has been a member of the delegation / head of the delegation of the Austrian Standards International in the ISO CASCO committee. Having held various position in CEOC International since 1986, Eberhardt was elected president of the important international parent organisation of independent conformity assessment bodies (comprising the fields of testing, inspection and certification) in 1999.

In 2008 he was appointed president of the Austrian Society of Non-Destructive Testing. Since 2007 Eberhardt has been the vice-president of the Society of Friends of the Technical Museum in Vienna and since 2010 member of the Presidential Council of the Austrian Standards Institute (ASI).

Honours 
Based on his services in the field technical safety, he received the title of "Technical Councillor" in 2003.

In 2009, Eberhardt was awarded the "Grand Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria".

References

External links 
TÜV AUSTRIA Holding AG
Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Hugo Eberhardt receives the Grand Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria

Austrian businesspeople
1948 births
Living people
People from Liezen District
Recipients of the Grand Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria
Farman F.250. The Farman F.250 was a small, four passenger single engine low cantilever wing airliner built in France in 1931. The single example built was bought by an airline but was little used, owing to stability issues.

Design and development
The Farman F.250, nicknamed Gros 230, did look rather like Farman's little two F.230 trainer but was a much larger aircraft, with a span about ⅓ bigger and weighing some 2.5 times more.  It was designed to carry four passengers over long distances.  Wood was used both in the structure and skin of the whole aircraft, which had low, cantilever wings and a flat sided fuselage containing the passenger cabin, located over the wing and lit by three square windows.  The pilot's open cockpit was further aft, on top of the fuselage in a streamlined fairing.  The fin had a straight, swept leading edge and a squared-off top, with a deep, almost rectangular rudder moving in a cut-out between the elevators; the latter were mounted, with the tailplane, on top of the fuselage.

Forward of the cabin, the top and bottom of the fuselage curved in to form the nose, so that much of the uncowled 380 hp (285 kW) Gnome-Rhône 9Aa radial, a licence-built Bristol Jupiter, stood away from the skin. A long exhaust pipe ran under the fuselage, exiting behind the cabin.  The F.250 had a fixed conventional undercarriage with single mainwheels on faired V-struts, plus a long, vertical tailskid.

Operational history
The F.250 first flew in 1931; in September Farman's chief test pilot Lucien Coupet took it to Villacoublay for official tests,  During these it achieved a range of flying speeds between 60 km/h and 245 km/h (37-152 mph).  Homologated in January 1932, it became part of STGA's fleet but only flew for 31 hours and did not fly any commercial flights because of a general lack of stability. It passed to Air France in the summer of 1933 when this airline was formed by the merger of several French airlines, including STGA.

Specifications

References

Bibliography

1930s French civil aircraft
F.250
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1931
Sri Venkateshwara College of Engineering, Bengaluru. Sri Venkateshwara College of Engineering (SVCE) is a private engineering college located near Chikkajala, Vidyanagar about 22 km from Bangalore on the National Highway No.7. The college is approved by AICTE, New Delhi and affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum. The Bangalore International Airport at Devanahalli is 12 km away from the campus. Locate us on Google Map

Courses Offered 
The college offers a wide range of courses as listed below.

Undergraduate Programmes 
Bachelor of Engineering
Electronics and Communication Engineering
Computer Science and Engineering
Computer Science and Engineering (Artificial Intelligence)
Information Science and Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Civil Engineering
Mechatronics

Postgraduate Programmes 
Master of Technology
 Structural Engineering
Master of Business Administration

Research Programmes 
Doctor of Philosophy
 Electronics and Communication Engineering
 Computer Science and Engineering
 Mechanical Engineering
 Civil Engineering
 Physics
 Master of Business Administration

External links 
 SVCE homepage
 SVCE - Official App
 Facebook page

Engineering colleges in Bengaluru
All India Council for Technical Education
Affiliates of Visvesvaraya Technological University
Educational institutions established in 2001
2001 establishments in Karnataka
CANDLE Synchrotron Research Institute. The Center for the Advancement of Natural Discoveries using Light Emission, more commonly called the CANDLE Synchrotron Research Institute, is a research institute in Yerevan, Armenia. CANDLE is a project of 3 gigaelectronvolts of energy, a third generation synchrotron light source for fundamental, industrial and applied research in biology, physics, chemistry, medicine, material and environmental sciences.

The government of Armenia allocated an area of 20 hectares near the town of Abovyan for the center's projects.

References

External links
 Official website
 CANDLE Project Overview, V.Tsakanov, Proc. PAC'2005, Knoxville, Tennessee.
 
 

Educational institutions established in 2010
Education in Yerevan
Synchrotron radiation facilities
2010 establishments in Armenia
Psytechnics. Psytechnics is a telecommunications company, spun out of British Telecom's research labs in December 2000. The company's technology is behind 7 ITU standards, including PESQ ITU-T P.862. They developed real-time Quality of Experience monitoring software for calls made with Voice over IP, video, telepresence, and unified communications networks.

Psytechnics was acquired by NetScout Systems on April 1, 2011.

Networking software companies
Privately held companies of the United Kingdom
Companies established in 2000
Storage Decisions. Storage Decisions is a conference for data storage professionals in the United States.  Produced by TechTarget, Storage Decisions has been held multiple times per year in the United States since 2001. TechTarget also presents a series one one-day seminars under the "Storage Decisions" name in the United States and Europe.

Storage Decisions events are oriented towards end users of data storage equipment and software. Presentations are given by independent analysts, end users, and storage experts. One differentiator for Storage Decisions events is the reduced access given to sponsoring product vendors: They are restricted from giving or attending presentations and are allowed to interact with the audience only during a short trade show session each day.

Despite the restrictions, the Storage Decisions events are popular with product vendors. Recent event sponsors include BlueArc, Dell, EMC, HP, IBM, and Symantec.

Notable launches 
 2003 - Microsoft Windows Storage Server 2003, Cisco MDS 9100 and SN5428 Fibre Channel switches
 2004 - Sun StorEdge 5210 and 6920, Cisco MDS 92161i and MDS 9000 Multiprotocol Services Module, Overland Storage REO 9000
 2005 - Microsoft System Center Data Protection Manager (DPM) 2006, Symantec Backup Exec 10D
 2010 - Cirtas Systems

References

External links 
 Official site

Data storage conferences
Aviméta 132. 

The Aviméta 132 was a French three-engined monoplane transport for eight-passengers designed and built by Aviméta (Société pour la Construction d'Avions Métallique ). It was the first French all-metal aircraft but only one aircraft was built.

Design and development
The Aviméta 132 was a high-wing monoplane with a fixed conventional landing gear, powered by three uncowled  Salmson 9Ab radial air-cooled piston engines. Fuel tanks were built into the wings, fitted with jettison valves to empty the tanks in an emergency. The enclosed cockpit sat two crew with a cabin for eight passengers. It was intended to build both a day and night version but only one aircraft was built and it did not enter production.

Specifications (day version)

References

Further reading

 

132
1920s French airliners
Trimotors
High-wing aircraft
IAR 27. The IAR 27 was a 1930s Romanian two-seat low-wing monoplane primary trainer designed and built by Industria Aeronautică Română.

Design and development
Based on the earlier IAR 21 and in particular the IAR 22 but the design was simplified to allow for mass-production. The IAR 27 was a braced low-wing monoplane powered by a  IAR 6-G1 piston engine and it had two open cockpits in tandem. More than 200 aircraft were built and they served with both civil and military training schools in Romania.

Operators

Royal Romanian Air Force

Specifications

References

Notes

Bibliography

27
1930s Romanian military trainer aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1937
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Telomerization (dimerization). The telomerization is the linear dimerization of 1,3-dienes with simultaneous addition of a nucleophile in a catalytic reaction.

Reaction
The reaction was independently discovered by E. J. Smutny at Shell and Takahashi at the Osaka University in the late sixties. The general reaction equation is as follows:

The formation of several isomers are possible. In addition to 1,3-butadiene also substituted dienes such as isoprene or cyclic dienes such as cyclopentadiene can be used. A variety of substances such as water, ammonia, alcohols, or C-H-acidic compounds can be used as nucleophiles. When water is used, for example di-unsaturated alcohols are obtained.

The catalysts used are mainly metal-organic palladium and nickel compounds. In 1991, Kuraray implemented the
production of 1-octanol on an industrial scale (5000 t a(-1)).

The commercial route to produce 1-octene based on butadiene as developed by Dow Chemical came on stream in Tarragona in 2008. The telomerization of butadiene with methanol in the presence of a palladium catalyst yields 1-methoxy-2,7-octadiene, which is fully hydrogenated to 1-methoxyoctane in the next step. Subsequent cracking of 1-methoxyoctane gives 1-octene and methanol for recycle.

Mechanism
While the reaction is catalyzed by Pd(0) complexes, the pre-catalyst can also be a Pd(II) compound that is reduced in situ. Once the Pd(0) catalyst is formed it can coordinate two butadienes which by oxidative coupling give the intermediate B. Even though the oxidative coupling is facile it is nonetheless reversible; the latter is illustrated by the fact that B is only stable at high butadiene concentration. Subsequent protonation of this intermediate by NuH at the 6-position of the η3-,η1-octadienyl ligand leads to intermediate C. Nw direct attack of the nucleophile can take place at either the 1- or 3-position of the η3-octadienyl chain, which leads to the linear or branched product complexes Dn and  Diso respectively. Upon displacement by new 1,3-butadiene the product telomer is liberated while the catalyst is regenerated and can continue the cycle.

While from purely steric reasons nucleophilic attack at the less substituted side of the allyl is favored, the regioselectivity of nucleophilic attack can heavily depend on the exact nature of ligands positioned trans to the allyl group.

Literature
 P. Fischer: process concepts for the transition-telomerization of isoprene with water or methanol. Shaker Verlag, 2002, 176 pages, , 
 Arno Behr, Marc Becker, Thomas Beckmann, Leif Johnen, Julia Leschinski, Sebastian Reyer: Telomerization: Advances and Applications of a Versatile Reaction. In: Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 48, 2009, p. 3598–3614, .
 M.J.-L. Tschan, E.J. Garcıa-Suarez, Z. Freixa, H. Launay, H. Hagen, J. Benet-Buchholz, P.W.N.M. van Leeuwen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 6463-6473.

See also
Telomerization

References

External links
 A. Behr: Angewandte homogene Katalyse (as Google-Book) in German

Chemical reactions