omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation. The Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation (SPEC) is a non-profit consortium that establishes and maintains standardized benchmarks and performance evaluation tools for new generations of computing systems. SPEC was founded in 1988 and its membership comprises over 120 computer hardware and software vendors, educational institutions, research organizations, and government agencies internationally.

SPEC benchmarks and tools are widely used to evaluate the performance of computer systems; the test results are published on the SPEC website.

External links
 
 Official List of SPEC Benchmarks

Computer performance
Evaluation of computers
Companies established in 1988
Companies based in Virginia
Standards organizations in the United States
CEV. CEV may stand for:

Medical
Closed-eye visualization,  a class of hallucination
Clinically extremely vulnerable, an NHS category for those at high risk from a COVID-19 infection

Religion
Contemporary English Version, a translation of the Bible into English 1995
Venezuelan Episcopal Conference, a Venezuelan Catholic archdiocesan organization

Vehicles
Crew Exploration Vehicle, NASA's proposed human spaceflight system, now known as Orion
Combat engineering vehicle, armoured vehicles supporting battlefield engineering works
M728 combat engineer vehicle, a combat engineer vehicle  mounted on a tank chassis

Other
European Volleyball Confederation (French: Confédération européenne de volleyball), the continental European volleyball governing body
Certified Video Engineer, a professional title regulated by the Society of Broadcast Engineers
Chemins de fer électriques Veveysans, a Swiss railway company
Cochrane Eyes and Vision, a collaboration of researchers and healthcare professionals
Coherent Extrapolated Volition, an approach to friendly artificial intelligence
Constant elasticity of variance model, a pricing model
Equivalent carbon content, also called "carbon equivalent value", a property of alloy steels
Centre d'essais en vol, a flight testing centre in Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
European Volunteer Centre
Technological escalation. Technological escalation describes the situation where two parties in competition tend to employ continual technological improvements in their attempt to defeat each other.  Technology is defined here as a creative invention, either in the form of an object or a methodology. An example is the mutual escalation seen between e-mail spammers and the programmers of spam filters and other anti-spam techniques. Although escalation is usually meant negatively, if two companies are in an escalating competition to produce the best widget, the consumer benefits because they get a choice between better and better widgets.

See also
 Arms race
 Competition
 Conflict (disambiguation)
 Industrial Revolution
 Second Industrial Revolution
 Technological escalation during World War II
 War

References
Notes

Conflict (process)
Military technology
Technological races
Servo. Servo may refer to:

Mechanisms
 Servomechanism, or servo, a device used to provide control of a desired operation through the use of feedback
 AI servo, an autofocus mode
 Electrohydraulic servo valve, an electrically operated valve that controls how hydraulic fluid is ported to an actuator
 Servo drive, a special electronic amplifier used to power electric servomechanisms
 Servomotor, a rotary actuator that allows for precise control of angular position
 Servo (radio control), a small, cheap, mass-produced actuator used for radio control and small robotics
 Servo bandwidth, the maximum trackable sinusoidal frequency of an amplitude
 Servo control, the use of pulse width modulation to remotely control servos
 Servo tab, a small hinged device installed on an aircraft control surface to assist the movement of the control surface

Media

Music
 "Servo", a song by The Brian Jonestown Massacre from the album Give It Back!

Publications
 SERVO Magazine, a monthly robotics publication

Television
 Sam "Servo" Collins, a fictional character from the television series, Superhuman Samurai Syber-Squad
 Tom Servo, a robot from the comedy television series, Mystery Science Theater 3000
 Servo pen, a fictitious multipurpose tool used by Gary Seven in the Star Trek episode "Assignment: Earth"

Video games
 Servo, a non-playable character from the computer game The Sims: Livin' Large
 Servo, a playable character from the expansion pack The Sims 2: Open for Business

People
 Marty Servo (1919–1969), the former world welterweight boxing champion
 Jennifer Servo (1979–2002), a former news reporter

Other uses
 Servo (software), an experimental web browser engine originally developed by Mozilla
 Servo Robot Group, a digital vision and sensing system company
 Pasporta Servo, a hospitality service for Esperantists
 Servo, Australian slang for a service station
 Servotronic, speed-dependent power steering
Architectural state. Architectural state is the collection of information in a computer system that defines the state of a program during execution.   Architectural state includes main memory, architectural registers, and the program counter.   Architectural state is defined by the instruction set architecture and can be manipulated by the programmer using instructions.   A core dump is a file recording the architectural state of a computer program at some point in time, such as when it has crashed.   

Examples of architectural state include:
 Main Memory (Primary storage)
 Control registers
 Instruction flag registers (such as EFLAGS in x86)
Interrupt mask registers
 Memory management unit registers
 Status registers
 General purpose registers (such as AX, BX, CX, DX, etc. in x86)
Address registers
Counter registers
Index registers
Stack registers
 String registers

Architectural state is not microarchitectural state.  Microarchitectural state is hidden machine state used for implementing the microarchitecture.   Examples of microarchitectural state include pipeline registers, cache tags, and branch predictor state.  While microarchitectural state can change to suit the needs of each processor implementation in a processor family, binary compatibility among processors in a processor family requires a common architectural state.  

Architectural state naturally does not include state-less elements of a computer such as busses and computation units (e.g., the ALU).

References

Central processing unit
List of assets owned by General Electric. List of assets owned by General Electric:

Primary business units
 GE Aerospace
 GE Power
 GE Renewable Energy

Other business units
 GE Additive
 GE Capital
 GE Energy Financial Services
 GE Digital
 GE Research
 GE Licensing
 GE Hot Dogs

See also
 Lists of corporate assets

References

Sources
 http://www.ge.com

General Electric
General E
Assets
Rudolf Bayer. Rudolf Bayer (born 3 March 1939) is a German computer scientist. 

He is a professor emeritus of Informatics at the Technical University of Munich where he has been employed since 1972. He is noted for inventing three data sorting structures: the B-tree (with Edward M. McCreight), the UB-tree (with Volker Markl) and the Red–black tree. 

Bayer is a recipient of 2001 ACM SIGMOD Edgar F. Codd Innovations Award.  In 2005 he was elected as a fellow of the Gesellschaft für Informatik.

References

External links
 Technical University of Munich page

1939 births
Living people
German computer scientists
Academic staff of the Technical University of Munich
Database researchers
Officers Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Grainger College of Engineering alumni
OST. OST may refer to:

Music 
 Original soundtrack, recorded sound accompanying a production such as a film
 O.S.T., an alias of electronic musician Chris Douglas
 O.S.T. (album), by the People Under the Stairs
 OS/T (album) by S-type

Science and technology 
 Object Storage Target in computing, used by the Lustre file system an others
 Oligosaccharyltransferase, an enzyme
 Open-space technology, for organising meetings
 Open Systems Theory, a form of  sociotechnical systems pioneered by Fred Emery
 Orbit stabiliser theorem in mathematics
 Offline Storage Table, a Microsoft file format
 OST Family (organic solute transporter) of genes
 Origins Space Telescope, a space telescope mission
 Open Source Threat, any software demonstrating a device vulnerability that is open-source

Organizations 
 Office of Science and Technology, a British government agency
 Office of Secure Transportation, a US government agency
 Order of the Solar Temple, French esoteric cult
 Organisation Socialiste des Travailleurs, the Socialist Workers Organisation of Senegal
 Outer Space Treaty, a treaty regulating international law in outer space.

Places 
 Ostend–Bruges International Airport, Belgium, IATA code
 Old Spanish Trail (auto trail)

Other uses 
 Ost (surname)
Appliance plug. An appliance plug is a three-conductor power connector originally developed for kettles, toasters and similar small appliances. It was common in the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Australia, Germany, the Netherlands and Sweden.

It has largely been made obsolete and replaced by IEC 60320 C15 and C16 connectors, or proprietary connectors to base plates for cordless kettles. It still occurs on some traditional ceramic electric jugs. It is also used for some laboratory water stills.

On some models of the classical ceramic electric jug, the appliance plug prevents the lid from being raised while the connector is inserted. This is important as during operation of these jugs, the water it contains is connected to the electric mains and is an electric shock risk.

Appliance plugs were also used to supply power to electric toasters, electric coffee percolators, electric frypans, and many other appliances. An appliance plug is to some degree heat resistant, but the maximum working temperature varied from manufacturer to manufacturer and even from batch to batch.

The mains connectors of the appliance plug are two rounded sockets that accept two rounded pins from the appliance. They are unpolarised. The third connection, earth, is a large metal contact on each side of the plug body which makes contact with the sides of the plug receptacle, grounding the appliance body. Some appliances using these connectors incorporate a spring and plunger mechanism with a temperature-sensitive release system; if the temperature rises significantly above a preset limit - for example, if a kettle boils dry - the spring is released and (if all goes well) the plunger pushes the plug and socket apart. It must then be allowed to cool and then reset manually by forcing the connector back into the appliance.

A plug of same design but probably different dimensions was in use in former USSR for powering electric kettles and electric samovars.

References

Mains power connectors
Home appliances
Richard D. James (scientist). Richard D. James (born 1952) is a mechanician and materials scientist. He is currently the Russell J. Penrose Professor and Distinguished McKnight University Professor at the Department of Aerospace Engineering and Mechanics at the University of Minnesota. He was educated at Brown University and received his PhD from Johns Hopkins University under the direction of J.L. Ericksen.

James is known for his research in phase transitions.  He has received several awards, including the Alexander von Humboldt Senior Research Award and the William Prager Medal. More recently, the ASME awarded him the Koiter Medal for "..pioneering the modern vision of phase transformations and materials instabilities in solids, explaining how microstructures form and evolve, and demonstrating how to take advantage of this to design new active materials".

With John M. Ball, he has served as one of the chief editors of the Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis.

External links
 Faculty page at the University of Minnesota.

References 

Living people
American materials scientists
1952 births
Brown University alumni
Johns Hopkins University alumni
HID. HID may refer to:

Science and technology
 Hardware interface design, a cross-disciplinary design field that shapes the physical connection between people and technology
 Helium ionization detector
 High-intensity discharge, a type of lamp
 Human-implantable device, a device that can be installed in the human body
 Human interface device, a computer device that interacts with humans
 USB human interface device class
 Hystrix-like ichthyosis–deafness syndrome

Organizations
 HID Global, an American manufacturing company
 Croatian Interdisciplinary Society (Croatian: ), a non-governmental organization
 Most–Híd, a political party in Slovakia

Places
 Hall i' th' Wood railway station (Station code), in England
 Horn Island Airport, in Queensland, Australia
 Hidalgo (state), Mexico (abbreviated: HID or MX-HID)

Other uses
 Hidatsa language, spoken in the United States
 Stefani Hid (born 1985), Indonesian writer

See also

 HIDS (disambiguation)
SASI (software). SASI (Schools Administrative Student Information) or SASI Student Information System was a computer program developed by Jerry D. Lloyd of Educational Timesharing Systems, who was acquired by National Computer Systems (NCS) and NCS was acquired by Pearson in 1997. The cross-platform system provides administrators and educators with  access to student demographics, attendance, schedules, discipline, grades, extended test histories, and state reporting codes. Features of SASI include SASIxp, InteGrade Pro, classroomXP, and Parent Access. In 2003, more than 16,000 schools nationwide used the software.

It was classified as end of life in 2011 by Pearson.

External links
 Official website

References

School-administration software
Myers Motors NmG. The Myers Motors NmG (formerly the Corbin Sparrow) is a single-passenger, three-wheeled, battery electric vehicle designed specifically for commuting and city driving, produced from 1999 into the early 2010s.  It was initially produced by Corbin Motors, and made to order after 2005 by Myers Motors. It is a personal electric vehicle (PEV).

Description
The Sparrow is powered by a 20 kW (continuous) 156-volt DC or 3-phase AC electric motor and  has a range of  and a top speed of .  Fuel efficiency is approximately 130 W·h/km (4.8 mi/(kW·h), which is equivalent to 162 mpg (US) or 194 mpg (UK) (1.45 L/100 km) using the DOE conversion.

Two models were produced: the original "jelly bean" model and then a hatchback model, which was nicknamed "pizza butt" because it was designed for use by Domino's Pizza. Several Sparrows were featured in the feature films Austin Powers in Goldmember and Looper.

In June 2008, the website listed a price of $29,995 without taxes or shipping.  In 2009, the NmG began to use lithium batteries which Myers Motors claims doubled its driving range to  between charges.

In February 2013, the NmG disappeared from the Myer Motors "Buy your NmG" page on their website, replaced by the 2 seat Duo.

Electrical system 

The Sparrow electrical system in a Corbin Sparrow VIN28 is composed of three isolated sections.  "Defanging" is the process of changing the circuit to disconnect the high voltage from the low voltage.

Line voltage  110 / 220 V AC
Battery charger (on-board charger made by Zivan). It can be replaced by a Manzanitamicro PFC-20 or PFC-30
Line voltage sensor

High voltage  156 V DC
 A 20 kW (continuous) 156-volt DC traction motor (Advanced DC Motors  diameter, part #203-06-4004) 
 Motor controller (Zark VIN 28, DCP or KiloVac EVCL controllers)
 Energy is supplied by a battery pack composed of thirteen 12-volt deep-cycle lead-acid Optima batteries.

Low voltage  13.5 V DC
 DC to DC converter
 Accessories: this includes cigarette lighter outlet, radio/CD player, ignition switch, cabin fan and heater, speedometer, horn, turn signals, automotive lighting (headlamps, taillamps and backup lamps), door switch, seat belt, brake alarms, power windows and windshield wiper.

See also 
 Electric motorcycles and scooters
 Electric vehicle

Other microcars and 3-wheel electric/hybrid automobiles
 List of microcars by country of origin
 HMV Freeway
 Messerschmitt KR200
 Aptera (solar electric vehicle)
 Commuter Cars Tango
 ja:Fuji Cabin
 Voiturette
 Cyclecar

References

External links 

 Myers Motors
 The 1st Sparrow Hatched
 Sparrow Photos
 If You Build Personal Transportation Modules, Will They Come?
 Corbin Sparrow at 3-wheelers.com

Production electric cars
Electric car models
Electric city cars
Electric three-wheel vehicles
Microcars
Cars introduced in 1999
Electric vehicles introduced in the 20th century
Electric vehicles introduced in the 21st century
Fragmentation. Fragmentation or fragmented may refer to:

Computers
 Fragmentation (computing), a phenomenon of computer storage
 File system fragmentation, the tendency of a file system to lay out the contents of files non-continuously
 IP fragmentation, a process in computer networking

Science
 Fragmentation (cell biology), in cells
 Fragmentation (reproduction), a form of asexual reproduction
 Fragmentation of memory, a psychological disorder
 Fragmentation (mass spectrometry), a technique to study structure of molecules
 Fragmentation (weaponry), a feature of explosive weaponry
 Fragmentation (medicine), an operation that breaks of solid matter in a body part into pieces, such as kidney stones
 Fragmentation, the quantification by photoanalysis of blasted material
 Hadronization, with quarks

Other
 Fragmentation (economics), a process of globalization
 Fragmentation (music), a compositional technique
 Fragmentation (sociology), a term used in urban sociology
 Feudal fragmentation, in European history
 Habitat fragmentation, in an organism's preferred environment
 Market fragmentation, the existence of multiple incompatible technologies in a single market segment
 Population fragmentation, a form of population segregation
 Fragmented (album), a 2006 album by band Up Dharma Down
 Fragmentation function, a probability function

See also
 Divergence
 Fragment (disambiguation)
 Separation (disambiguation)
Saab 95. The Saab 95 is a seven-seater, two-door station wagon produced by Swedish automaker Saab from 1959 to 1978.

Initially it was based on the Saab 93 sedan, but the model's development throughout the years followed closely that of the Saab 96, the successor of the Saab 93 from 1960. It was introduced in 1959, but because only 40 were made in 1959, production is often said to have started in 1960.

The first engine was an 841 cc three-cylinder two-stroke, but from 1967 onward, it became available with the same four-stroke Ford Taunus V4 engine as available for the Saab 96 and used in the Saab Sonett V4 and Sonett III. It had a four-speed manual transmission. There was a small handle on the firewall that, when pushed, put the car into a "freewheeling" mode. This allowed the driver to coast downhill without seizing the two-stroke engine, but when power was needed the transmission would engage and the driver could power the car up hill again. As the 95 received the four-speed gearbox before the 96 (that still had the old three-speed unit) it was also used for rallying.

In the US, the Saab 95 received the larger 1.7 litre V4 for the 1971 model year, as a response to tighter emissions regulations. The compression ratio was lowered to 8.0:1, meaning that the power remained at . The Saab 95/96 remained on sale in the United States until 1973.

A rear-facing folding seat was dropped with the 1976 model year, making the car a regular five-seater. Production ended in 1978 (when only 470 examples were built). A total of 110,527 were made.

For certain markets (Norway, Denmark) a special export version sedan delivery van was available without a rear seat and rear side windows.

See also
 Saab 98

References

External links 

 Saab 95 at IMCDB.org
 Saabmuseum.com

Front-wheel-drive vehicles
95
Compact cars
Station wagons
1960s cars
1970s cars
Cars introduced in 1959
Cars discontinued in 1978
ACK. ACK or Ack may refer to:

Arts and entertainment

 Amar Chitra Katha, an Indian comic book series

Aviation
 Armstrong Whitworth F.K.8, an early aircraft known as the "Big Ack"
 IATA airport code for Nantucket Memorial Airport in State of Massachusetts, USA
 Nantucket Airlines or ACK Air, an American airline

Technology
 Acknowledgement (data networks)
 ACK (TCP), the control character used in the Transmission Control Protocol to acknowledge receipt of a packet

 Amsterdam Compiler Kit, a retargetable compiler suite and toolchain

Transportation
 Acklington railway station (Station code: ACK), a rail station in the UK

Other uses

 Aka-Kora language (ISO 639-3: ack), an extinct Great Andamanese language
 Assumption College, Kilmore, an Australian school
 TNK2 or ACK or ACK1, an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TNK2 gene

See also
 Ack Ack (disambiguation)
 Acknowledgment (disambiguation)
Timothy C. May. Timothy C. May, better known as Tim May (December 21, 1951 – December 13, 2018) was an American technical and political writer, and electronic engineer and senior scientist at Intel. May was also the founder of the crypto-anarchist movement. He retired from Intel in 1986 at age 35 and died of natural causes at his home on December 13, 2018 at age 66.

Discovery of alpha particle effects on computer chips
As an engineer, May was most noted for having identified the cause of the "alpha particle problem", which was affecting the reliability of integrated circuits as device features reached a critical size where a single alpha particle could change the state of a stored value and cause a single event upset. May realized that the ceramic packaging that Intel was using, made from clay, was very slightly radioactive. Intel solved the issue by increasing the charge in each cell to reduce its susceptibility to radiation and adopting plastic packaging for their products.

May co-authored the 1981 IEEE W.R.G. Baker Award-winning paper "Alpha-Particle-Induced Soft Errors in Dynamic Memories", published in the IEEE Transactions on  in January 1979 with Murray H. Woods.

Social and political views
May was an advocate for libertarianism and for internet privacy.

He was a founding member of, and had been one of the most voluminous contributors to, the Cypherpunks electronic mailing list. He wrote extensively on cryptography and privacy from the 1990s through 2003.

May wrote a substantial cypherpunk-themed FAQ, "The Cyphernomicon" (incorporating his earlier piece "The Crypto Anarchist Manifesto"); and his essay, "True Nyms and Crypto Anarchy", was included in a reprint of Vernor Vinge's novel True Names. In 2001 his work was published in the book, Crypto Anarchy, Cyberstates, and Pirate Utopias.

May led a reclusive life. His New York Times obituary noted: "He often wrote about arming himself and waiting for government agents to show up. After the Cypherpunks faded in the early 2000s, he began expressing racist sentiments to other online groups".

Reason Magazine described him as a "significant influence on both bitcoin and WikiLeaks" in their obituary.

See also
 Time-lock puzzle

References

External links
 Timothy C. May (1992). The Crypto Anarchist Manifesto.
 Timothy C. May (1994). Cyphernomicon.
 Out of Control Chapter 12 - Tim May & E-Money.
 Tim May's posts at Lambda the Ultimate.

1951 births
2018 deaths
American libertarians
American political writers
American technology writers
Crypto-anarchists
Cypherpunks
Intel people
Privacy activists
Usenet people