omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Lego RoboRiders. Lego RoboRiders (stylized as LEGO RoboRiders) was a short-lived Lego theme launched in 2000, following the Throwbots/Slizers, and preceding Bionicle.
                                 
A total of eleven sets were released, seven official sets and four promotional sets were released as part of the theme. Sponsored drinks cans, when exposed to cold temperatures, would reveal codes used to play an online game. RoboRiders is the last line of action toys created in the Lego Technic line before Bionicle.

Types

Power RoboRider
The Power Lego toy figure resembles a yellow motorcycle. The features present on it include a crane, two plasma cannons that fire two small red LEGO pieces, and a wheel launcher. Both the toy and its corresponding realm are themed off of toxic waste, Power's  realm resembling a post-apocalyptic city.

Frost RoboRider
Frost's Lego toy figure resembles a white and grey motorcycle. It also features a wheel launcher and ice launchers that fire poles made out of translucent blue plastic. The toy is themed after ice. Frost's realm is depicted as an arctic tundra with ice-themed obstacles and creatures.

Lava RoboRider
Lava's Lego toy figure is a red motorcycle. Both the figure and its corresponding realm are themed after volcanoes and magma. The toy's features include a wheel launcher and a spinning mechanism with two small axes on it.

Swamp RoboRider
Swamp's Lego toy figure is a teal and green motorcycle. Both Swamp's toy and realm are themed after swamps, hence the name. The toy's features are two katanas and a wheel launcher.

Onyx RoboRider
Onyx's Lego toy figure is a black motorcycle. Both the toy and its realm are themed after rocks. The features on the toy are a wheel launcher and laser cannons, which shoot red translucent poles.

Dust RoboRider
Dust, which is another Lego toy figure, searches for the enemies in the much-dreaded Desert-Realm within the theme of the product line. There are howling sandstorms that are very difficult to navigate through, the terrain is very tough to drive in, and there is always a danger of drowning in quicksand or monster sandstorms. Dust's main enemies are the sand pits. Dust is armed with two spears, and is also armed with a wheel launcher. His colors are tan and grey.

Boss RoboRider
The Boss RoboRider Lego toy figure is depicted as an orange motorcycle. The toy's place in the fictional storyline is unknown. It was the final release for the RoboRiders toyline.

Wheels
Two unique wheels were released on each set, a different color each time, Lego said these wheels had special powers, however no information was ever released on what powers these wheels had, only names: Axer, Blazooka, Chain-Saw, Driller, Dynamite, Flame, Fuel, Grab, Laser, Ninja, Rope, Scout, Skeleton, Stunner, Toxic and Twin-Saw.

Promotional Sets
Four promotional sets were given out by the Kabaya Candy Corp based on four of the RoboRiders. They were never mentioned in the storyline. 

Swamp Craft (Swamp)
Ice Explorer (Frost)
Volcano Climber (Lava)
Dirt Bike (Power)

RoboRiders
Products introduced in 2000
Australian Aircraft & Engineering. Australian Aircraft & Engineering Co. Ltd. was formed in 1919 by N.B. Love, W.J. Warneford and H.E. Broadsmith. The company was registered in Sydney on 1 October 1919 with capital of £50,000 with the intention of manufacturing aircraft in Australia.

Flying
The company began flying operations at Sydney Airport on 9 January 1920 following the delivery of 20 Avro 504K aircraft on the ship SS Commonwealth.

Engineering
They fitted a Sunbeam Dyak engine to the first Qantas aircraft to replace the original Gnome rotary engine.

Agency
The company secured the Australian agency for Avro aircraft, assembling a number of Avro 504K aircraft. The Broadsmith-designed Broadsmith B.1 (as AA & E Commercial B1) was also built by the company. This aircraft was a 6-seat biplane.

Bankruptcy
The company went bankrupt in 1922 whilst building six 504Ks for the Royal Australian Air Force, and went into liquidation in March 1923.

References

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of Australia
Manufacturing companies based in Sydney
Manufacturing companies established in 1919
Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1923
Australian companies established in 1919
1923 disestablishments in Australia
Hardware. Hardware may refer to:

Technology

Computing and electronics
 Electronic hardware, interconnected electronic components which perform analog or logic operations
 Digital electronics, electronics that operate on digital signals
 Computer hardware, physical parts of a computer
 Networking hardware, devices that enable use of a computer network
 Electronic component, device in an electronic system used to affect electrons, usually industrial products

Other technologies
 Household hardware, equipment used for home repair and other work, such as fasteners, wire, plumbing supplies, electrical supplies, utensils, and machine parts
Builders hardware, metal hardware for building fixtures, such as hinges and latches
 Hardware (development cooperation), in technology transfer
 Drum hardware, used to tension, position, and support the instruments
 Military technology, application of technology to warfare
 Music hardware, devices other than instruments to create music

Entertainment
 Hardware (Krokus album), 1981
 Hardware (Billy Gibbons album), 2021
 Hardware (band), consisting of Bootsy Collins, Buddy Miles, and Stevie Salas
 Hardware (character), a character from Milestone Comics
 Hardware (film), a 1990 film
 Hardware (TV series), a British situation comedy
 Hardware: Online Arena, a 2002 video game
 "Hardware", a 1987 science fiction story by Robert Silverberg

Other uses
 Hardware, Virginia, an unincorporated community in Fluvanna County, Virginia

See also
 Hardware acceleration, the speedup of computing tasks by performing them in customized hardware rather than software
 Hardware architecture, the identification of a system's physical components and their interrelationships
 Hardware engineering, or computer engineering
 Ware (disambiguation)
 Open-source hardware
 Hardware store, a business which sells household hardware
 Materiel, equipment or hardware, and supplies in military and commercial supply chain management
 Medals
 Trophies
 Software
 Open-source software
Fleet Aircraft. Fleet Aircraft was a Canadian manufacturer of aircraft from 1928 to 1957.

In 1928, the board of Consolidated Aircraft decided to drop their light trainer aircraft and sold the rights to Brewster Aircraft. Reuben H. Fleet founded Fleet Aircraft in Fort Erie, Ontario, to acquire the foreign rights to these aircraft. Consolidated bought back Fleet Aircraft as a separate division in 1929 and formed Fleet Aircraft of Canada in 1930. The Fleet name was dropped for the Consolidated business name in 1939. Fleet Aircraft of Canada produced the Fleet Finch for the RCAF,  and later the Fleet Canuck. Fleet developed a prototype light helicopter, which flew successfully, but was not put into production. Fleet ended aircraft manufacturing operations in 1957. The company was renamed Fleet Aerospace, and operated as a division of Magellan Aerospace.

The Fleet Aerospace division was closed in 2003, and later re-opened as Fleet Canada.  The new company was not affiliated with Magellan Aerospace, and it has operated independently since.

Aircraft

References

Notes

Bibliography

 Page, Ron D. and Cumming, William. Fleet: The Flying Years. Erin, Ontario: Boston Mills Press, 1990. .

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the United States
Defunct helicopter manufacturers of the United States
Model-based definition. Model-based definition (MBD), sometimes called digital product definition (DPD), is the practice of using 3D models (such as solid models, 3D PMI and associated metadata) within 3D CAD software to define (provide specifications for) individual components and product assemblies.  The types of information included are geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T), component level materials, assembly level bills of materials, engineering configurations, design intent, etc.  By contrast, other methodologies have historically required accompanying use of 2D engineering drawings to provide such details.

Use of the 3D digital data set
Modern 3D CAD applications allow for the insertion of engineering information such as dimensions, GD&T, notes and other product details within the 3D digital data set for components and assemblies.  MBD uses such capabilities to establish the 3D digital data set as the source of these specifications and design authority for the product.  The 3D digital data set may contain enough information to manufacture and inspect product without the need for engineering drawings.  Engineering drawings have traditionally contained such information.

In many instances, use of some information from 3D digital data set (e.g., the solid model) allows for rapid prototyping of product via various processes, such as 3D printing.  A manufacturer may be able to feed 3D digital data directly to manufacturing devices such as CNC machines to manufacture the final product.

Limited Dimension Drawing
Limited Dimension Drawing (LDD), sometimes Reduced Dimension Drawing, are 2D drawings that only contain critical information, noting that all missing information is to be taken from an associated 3D model.  For companies in transition to MBD from traditional 2D documentation a Limited Dimension Drawing allows for referencing 3D geometry while retaining a 2D drawing that can be used in existing corporate procedures.  Only limited information is placed on the 2D drawing and then a note is placed to notify manufactures they must build off the 3D model for any dimensions not found on the 2D drawing.

Standardization
In 2003, ASME published the ASME Y14.41 Digital Product Definition Data Practices, which was revised in 2012 and again in 2019.  The standard provides for the use of many MBD aspects, such as GD&T display and other annotation behaviors within 3D modelling environment.  ISO 16792 standardizes MBD within the ISO standards, sharing many similarities with the ASME standard.  Other standards, such as ISO 1101 and of AS9100 also make use of MBD.

In 2013, the United States Department of Defense released MIL-STD-31000 Revision A to codify the use of MBD as a requirement for technical data packages (TDP).

See also
 ASME Y14.41
 CAD standards

References

External links
 Model-centric Design, Design World, 2008

Computer-aided design
Computer-aided engineering
Product lifecycle management
Computer-aided manufacturing software
Management cybernetics
Hammick reaction. The Hammick reaction, named after Dalziel Hammick, is a chemical reaction in which the thermal decarboxylation of α-picolinic (or related) acids in the presence of carbonyl compounds forms 2-pyridyl-carbinols.

Using p-cymene as solvent has been shown to increase yields.

Reaction mechanism
Upon heating α-picolinic acid will spontaneously decarboxylate forming the so-called 'Hammick Intermediate' (3). This was initially thought to be an aromatic ylide, but is now believed to be a carbene In the presence of a strong electrophile, such as an aldehyde or ketone, this species will undergo nucleophilic attack faster than proton transfer. After nucleophilic attack intramolecular proton transfer yields the desired carbinol (6).

The scope of the reaction is effectively limited to decarboxylating acids where the carboxyl group is α to the nitrogen, (reactivity has been reported when the acids are located elsewhere on the molecule but with low yields) thus suitable substrates are limited to the derivatives of α-picolinic acid including the α-carboxylic acids of quinoline and isoquinoline.

See also
 Quinonoid zwitterion

References

Addition reactions
Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions
Name reactions
Ebullioscopic constant. In thermodynamics, the ebullioscopic constant  relates molality  to boiling point elevation. It is the ratio of the latter to the former:

 is the van 't Hoff factor, the number of particles the solute splits into or forms when dissolved.
 is the molality of the solution.

A formula to compute the ebullioscopic constant is:

 is the ideal gas constant.
 is the molar mass of the solvent.
 is boiling point of the pure solvent in kelvin.
 is the molar enthalpy of vaporization of the solvent.

Through the procedure called ebullioscopy, a known constant can be used to calculate an unknown molar mass. The term ebullioscopy means "boiling measurement" in Latin. This is related to cryoscopy, which determines the same value from the cryoscopic constant (of freezing point depression).

This property of elevation of boiling point is a colligative property. It means that the property, in this case , depends on the number of particles dissolved into the solvent and not the nature of those particles.

Values for some solvents

See also
 Ebullioscope
 List of boiling and freezing information of solvents
 Boiling-point elevation
 Colligative properties

References

External links
Ebullioscopic constant calculator AD

Phase transitions
Chromeffects. Microsoft announced Chromeffects as an add-on for Windows 98 to play 3D graphics and video through a web browser or in separate player software, for ads with flashing text and other animation, or to generate user interface enhancements for Web-based applications.

Chromeffects promised to deliver complex multimedia over low-bandwidth connections. Using HTML, XML, C++, VBScript, and Jscript, developers would turn a web browser into a rippling, 3D space with audio and video playback. Later versions of Chromeffects were planned to have the ability to be used for representing databases in 3D.

A MacWeek article from August 1998 quoted David Card, an analyst at Jupiter Communications as saying, "Chromeffects is cool software, and it's not often I say Microsoft has cool software. Apple doesn't have anything comparable".

Chromeffects had problems with its business model, it was not intended to be a freely distributed technology, rather OEM PC manufacturers or other commercial entities would license the technology to provide to their customers as an IE add-on.  However, despite a hard marketing push in mid-1998, OEM interests never materialized and Microsoft canceled the project as part of a major internal reorganization in November 1998. The different components of Chromeffects were separated and integrated into other Microsoft products, such as DirectAnimation in Internet Explorer.

The Microsoft Liquid Motion technology used Chromeffects "under the hood".

A similar newer modern initiative by Microsoft is Silverlight.

References

External links 
 

Uncompleted Microsoft initiatives
Windows 98
Kydex. Kydex is a line of thermoplastic acrylic-polyvinyl chloride materials manufactured by Sekisui SPI.  It has a wide variety of applications, including for aircraft bulkheads, firearm holsters, and sheaths.

A similar acrylic polyvinyl chloride material (IPK Acrylic-polyvinyl chloride) is manufactured by Emco Plastics and Interstate Plastics, which carries nearly identical properties with an added layer for screen printing. Kydex has become a generic trademark, and often refers to any material of a similar composition.

Development
Kydex sheet was originally produced in 1965 by Rohm and Haas, having been designed for use in aircraft interiors. In 1987, the product line was purchased by Kydex, LLC, formerly Kleerdex Company, LLC, which manufactures the material under the name Sekisui SPI at a location in Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania.  In April 2020, the company was renamed Sekisui Kydex, LLC.

Characteristics
It is an acrylic-polyvinyl chloride composite engineered for thermoforming fabrication, and combines properties of both the acrylic and the polyvinyl chloride components. From acrylic, it obtains rigidity and formability; from PVC, toughness, chemical resistance and good interior finish ratings. Sheet thickness ranges from  and can be thermoformed, post formed, brake formed and laminated.
 Flexural modulus is 
 Parts formed from sheet will be rigid and will see moderate deformation when loaded. This is of particular importance in deep formed parts with thin wall sections.
 Relatively hard thermoplastic, with a hardness of 90 on the Rockwell R scale. This hardness, combined with a grained surface, increases its abrasion resistance.
 Low flammability, UL 94 classification V-0

For some applications it is used as replacement for leather, where it has the following advantages:
 Waterproof
 Scratch resistant (Rockwell scale "R" hardness of 90)
 Holds its shape better, and will not stretch or shrink under normal conditions
 Lower friction.

Applications 
 Knife and tool sheaths
 Springs and tensioners
 Firearm holsters
 Seat backs 
 Aircraft pull-down trays 
 Truck fenders 
 Trays and tote boxes 
 DJ booths
 Motor covers 
 Safety helmets 
 Aircraft fairings
 Air exhaust systems
 Rapid prototyping of systems
 Custom insulators for electronic equipment
 Clean rooms 
 Armour for SCA heavy combat
 Telescope tubes
 Autonomous marine vehicles
 Fender for PEVs

References

External links
 

Thermoplastics
Vinyl polymers
Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority. The Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA) has been established in 1955. It leads the national research and development in the basic and applied peaceful nuclear research.

Egypt was the second in the African Continent, after South Africa, to build a nuclear reactor. The first research reactor (ET-RR-1), commissioned in 1961, is a Van de Graf type 4 MW reactor engineered and built by Russia.  Another research reactor (ET-RR-2) is 22 MW open pool MultiPurpose Reactor (MPR) located at Inshas, 60 km from Cairo, engineered and built by INVAP from Argentina.

The EAEA has scientists educated in the topmost universities and research institutes. It is organized into four research centers:

 Nuclear Research Center (NRC)
 Hot Laboratory and Waste Management Center (HLWMC)
 National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT)
 National Centre for Nuclear Safety and Radiation Control (NCNSRC)

These centres are further subdivided into major research divisions.

The EAEA is a member of the International Atomic Energy Agency and other regional and international organizations.

See also

 Energy in Egypt

References

External links
 Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority – official website 
Federation of American Scientists

1955 establishments in Egypt
Nuclear organizations
Atomic Energy Authority
Nuclear power in Egypt
Nuclear program of Egypt
Methoxypropane. Methoxypropane, or methyl propyl ether, is an ether once used as a general anaesthetic.  It is a clear colorless flammable liquid with a boiling point of 38.8 °C.

Marketed under the trade names Metopryl and Neothyl, methoxypropane was used as an alternative to diethyl ether because of its greater potency.  Its use as an anaesthetic has since been supplanted by modern halogenated ethers which are much less flammable.

References

Dialkyl ethers
General anesthetics
GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators
Divisumma 18. The Divisumma 18 was an electronic printing business calculator manufactured by Olivetti in 1972 and designed by Milanese architect Mario Bellini. It was selected for its collection by the Museum of Modern Art in New York.

The skin of the Divisumma 18 is a distinctive shade of yellow, made from a combination injection-molded plastic and synthetic rubber.

References

Olivetti calculators
Collection of the Museum of Modern Art (New York City)
Iran Aircraft Industries. Iran Aircraft Industries (IACI) or SAHA (صها abbreviated of صنایع هواپیمایی ایران) was established in 1961 mainly for major repair of fighter, passenger, and air support planes. Over time, SAHA became an important part of Iran’s aviation industry. In 1998, Iranian scientists and experts started designing, engineering, and manufacturing complex engine parts, airplane parts, and manufacturing turbine engines like Toloue-4.
 
SAHA is currently working on turbo prop engines called TV-3 for IrAn-140 planes.

Accomplishments:
 Production of 100% Iranian made turbofan jet engine MD-80 class in 2014, comparable to JT8D-219 jet engine
 MAPNA CFM 56 type
 Mass production of Toloue-4 mini jet engine 
 Toloue 10 and 13
 Owj (Zenith) engine, GE J85, J79 ; PW TF30 maintenance
 Jahesh-700 (Leap) 7 kN 1574 lbf turbofan FJ turbojet
 TV3S, AL- , RD33 93, AI D- MS, D30 
 Repairing Dart engines
 Building repair lines to repair heavy engines like Astazo (Turbomeca Astazou), F, and Solar.
 Capability to repair aircraft like Boeing 747

See also
Iran Aviation Industries Organization
Iranian Military Industry
Airlines of Iran

References

External links
Overhaul Iran Air Boeing 747 - YouTube Video 
 Iran 7th Kish Air show Iranian manufactured turbofan engine JT8D-219 - YouTube Video

Aircraft manufacturers of Iran
Manufacturing companies of Iran
Gas turbine manufacturers
Aircraft engine manufacturers of Iran
Aerospace companies of Iran
Engine manufacturers of Iran
Iranian entities subject to U.S. Department of the Treasury sanctions
Seabee Engineer Reconnaissance Team. Seabee Engineer Reconnaissance Teams (SERTs) were developed by the First Naval Construction Division (1st NCD) in Operation Iraqi Freedom intended to provide more engineering capability on the battlefield in support of the United States Marine Corps. SERTs are composed of ten-member teams: two Civil Engineer Corps (CEC) officers and eight enlisted Seabees, augmented with additional personnel, as missions require.

SERTs are divided into three elements: a liaison element, a security element, and a reconnaissance element. The liaison (LNO) element has a CEC officer and two petty officers who are communications specialists. The LNO element is responsible for communications with higher echelons, both in transferring engineering assessments and intelligence and in receiving engineering reach-back solutions. The reconnaissance element has a CEC officer, who is the SERT Officer-in-Charge (OIC), a Builder or Steelworker chief petty officer who has some bridge construction experience and petty officers of varying Seabee ratings.

The OIC is normally a licensed professional engineer with a civil/structural engineering background.

All SERT units include a Navy Corpsman.

All members were carefully selected from among the top Seabees in their battalions and are qualified as Seabee Combat Warfare Specialists.

SERT’s were decommissioned in 2013 along with their command 1st Naval Construction 
Division. The Division was in service from August 2002 until May 2013 when it was decommissioned. Today Underwater Construction Teams have adapted the combat engineer role of a SERT providing the special operations capable aspect for the Fleet Marine Force amphibious assault component.

References

Seabees
Transversospinales. The transversospinales are a group of muscles of the human back. Their combined action is rotation and extension of the vertebral column. These muscles are small and have a poor mechanical advantage for contributing to motion. They include: the three semispinalis muscles, the multifidus muscle, and the rotatores muscles.

Location

The three semispinalis muscles, span 4-6 vertebral segments:
 semispinalis thoracis
 semispinalis cervicis
 semispinalis capitis

The multifidus muscle,  and spans 2-4 vertebral segments

The rotatores muscles, lie beneath the multifidus, and spans 1-2 vertebral segments
 rotatores cervicis
 rotatores thoracis
 rotatores lumborum

External links
 Musculoskeletal Interventions: Techniques for Therapeutic exercise. Authors: Michael L. Voight, Barabara J. Hoogenboom, William E. Prentice.

Muscles of the torso