omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
CMC Leopard. The CMC Leopard was a British light personal business jet developed in the 1980s. Two prototypes were built and flown, but the type was never put into production.

Design and development
The Leopard was a twin-jet, mid-wing monoplane of composite construction with all-swept flying surfaces and jet fighter-like styling, apart from the podded engines, mounted on each side of the rear fuselage. The entire canopy hinged forward to allow access to the four reclining seats.

A mockup was completed in 1982, leading to a prototype (registration ) built by the Designability company.  The prototype first flew late in 1988. Development suffered a major setback when the engine manufacturer, Noel Penny Turbines, ceased business, leading to the grounding of the prototype. A second, refined prototype (registration ) was then constructed to use Williams International turbofans. This aircraft also incorporated a pressurised cabin, revised undercarriage, and a generally strengthened airframe. This second prototype was unveiled at the 1996 Farnborough International Airshow and first flew on 9 April 1997.

The project never progressed beyond the two aircraft built, later redesignated Leopard Four to distinguish them from a six-seat variant proposed in 2001, the Leopard Six. The EJ22 engine could no longer be used due to exclusive deal between Williams and Eclipse, resulting in the Six being proposed to make use of the larger FJ33. Chief aircraft designer and CMC chairman Ian Chichester-Miles died in 2009, bringing the enterprise to an end.

Aircraft on display

Until 2007, both prototype Leopards, G-BKRL and G-BRNM, were on display at the Bournemouth Aviation Museum. With the museum temporary closure and relocation in 2008, only the former was retained and moved to the new site, while G-BRNM was acquired by the Midland Air Museum at Coventry Airport.

Specifications (second prototype)

References

 
 

Chichester-Miles aircraft
1980s British business aircraft
Abandoned civil aircraft projects of the United Kingdom
Twinjets
Mid-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1988
Colani Cormoran. 

The Colani Cormoran CCE208 was a five-seat light aircraft under development in Germany in the late 1980s. The highly streamlined and unusual design was the work of the aeronautical engineer Walter Schulze with the collaboration of the celebrated industrial designer Luigi Colani. A particularly unorthodox feature was the pusher propeller mounted behind the top of the T-tail.  Power was to be supplied by a converted Porsche automobile engine rated at 245 horsepower.  The airframe was to be largely composite construction. A mockup was displayed at the Paris Air Show in 1987.

Construction of the prototype aircraft was to have been undertaken by the Composite Engineering Company in Germany, with financial backing from Tohshin of Japan.

Specifications (as designed)

References

 
 
 

Abandoned civil aircraft projects
Mid-engined aircraft
Mid-wing aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Composite Engineering aircraft
Lockspeiser LDA-01. The Lockspeiser LDA-01 ("Land Development Aircraft") was a British seven-tenths scale research and development tandem wing aircraft, which was designed and built by test pilot and engineer David Lockspeiser to prove a concept for a low-cost utility transport.

Design and development
The LDA-01 was a single-seat tandem-wing monoplane, fabric covered with metal construction. The foreplane had a common design to the separately-made port and starboard wings of the main plane, giving it half the area. The intention was to reduce the number of spare parts needed by re-using the same wing component interchangeably in each location. The main wings were mounted at the rear-end of the box structure fuselage and the fore wing was attached underneath the front. The fuselage was fitted initially with a four-wheeled landing gear and was designed to be fitted with a detachable payload container to allow easy conversion between roles. The landing gear was changed later in development to a more conventional tricycle configuration. It was powered by a rear-mounted pusher engine. The LDA-01 G-AVOR first flew on 24 August 1971 at Wisley in Surrey, under the power of an 85 hp (63 kW) Continental C85 piston engine, but was later refitted with a more powerful Lycoming O-320 engine.

The aircraft (which by this time had been re-registered G-UTIL), and had been renamed the Boxer 500, was being modified to planned production configuration by Brooklands Aerospace at Old Sarum Airfield when it was destroyed in a fire on 16 January 1987.

Specifications (LDA-01)

References

External links

 

1970s British experimental aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1971
Tandem-wing aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Twin-tail aircraft
Virus Creation Laboratory. The Virus Creation Laboratory (VCL) was one of the earliest attempts to provide a virus creation tool so that individuals with little to no programming expertise could mass-create computer viruses. VCL required a password for access, which was widely published alongside VCL. The password was "Chiba City", a likely reference to the William Gibson novel Neuromancer.

A hacker dubbed "Nowhere Man", of the NuKE hacker group, released the software in July 1992.

However, it was later discovered that viruses created with the Virus Creation Laboratory were often ineffective, as many anti-virus programs of the day caught them easily. Also, many viruses created by the program did not work at all - and often, their source codes could not be compiled, thus rendering the virus program created unusable. Despite its limitations, several viruses created with the program became widespread.

References

External links
VCL Documentation

Malware toolkits
1992 software
Hacking in the 1990s
Finite strip method. The finite strip method is a technique of structural analysis used for bridge and tall structure design as well and in the design of construction components such as steel beams. The technique was first introduced in 1968 and is less powerful and versatile than the finite element method but is more efficient in terms of computation power in some situations.

References

Cheung, Y.K. “Finite strip method in structural analysis”, Pergamon Press, 1976.
"Developments in Tall Buildings 1983". . Pages 571 - 572.
Cheung, Y.K. and Tham, L.G. “Finite strip method”, CRC Press, 1998.
Schafer, B.W., Ádány, S. “Buckling analysis of cold-formed steel members using CUFSM: conventional and constrained finite strip methods.” Eighteenth International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures, Orlando, FL. October 2006. (pdf)

External links
CUFSM software for conducting finite strip analysis on structural beams.

Civil engineering
Falconar Teal. 

The Falconar Teal was a two-seat homebuilt, amphibious airplane designed by Chris Falconar of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. From the 1970s to the 1990s plans were sold by Falconar Aviation of Edmonton (downtown municipal airport). A handful were built by amateur aircraft constructors (aka homebuilders) in Canada and the United States. Most were powered by certified Lycoming or Continental engines.

Design and development
The Teal was based on the two- or three-seat AMF Maranda, and was built mostly of wood. It featured strut-braced high wing, with "W" configuration struts running from the wing roots, down to stabilizing floats (which also contained the main wheels), then back up the wings near 70% span; cruciform tail; two pilots seated side by side under the wing; access to the cockpit by side doors; tricycle undercarriage with the main wheels retracting into stabilizing floats only about 25% of the wing span. The nosewheel retracted into the bow and was covered by two conventional (side-hinged) doors. A rarity among flying boats was its engine location in a nacelle, above the wing, with the propeller rotating immediately in front of the windscreen.

Specifications

References

External links
 Plan vendor's website 

1960s Canadian civil utility aircraft
Flying boats
Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Amphibious aircraft
Teal
Aircraft first flown in 1967
EntireX. EntireX DCOM is a commercial implementation of Microsoft's Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM) technology by Software AG for the Windows, AIX, HP/UX, Solaris, Linux, AS/400, z/OS, z/VM, and BS2000/OSD platforms.

Description
EntireX is a software product developed and marketed by Software AG. It is primarily an enterprise application integration product, designed to enable application-level integration of Windows clients (desktops, laptops, etc.) with 'legacy systems' (mainframes), packaged systems (such as other Software AG products) and Web services.

It enables communication between DCOM applications running on Windows and non-Windows platforms in heterogeneous networks (networks where software runs in diverse operating Systems and several types of hardware).  For instance, it enables a DCOM application running on a Windows machine to communicate with a DCOM application running on an AS/400 platform.  In recent years, Software AG has focused EntireX development on 'Web-enabling' mainframe applications.  EntireX supports mainframe applications executing COBOL, Natural, Adabas, and other 'legacy' languages.

EntireX allows for direct user and client-computer interactions with the mainframe or web-hosted application, by encapsulating functions in an Active-X like control.  Unlike screen scraping, EntireX allows old mainframe applications and web services to remain 'in place', while extending their functional capabilities to new platforms.

EntireX is XML compliant and offers a GUI wizard-based application for building integration solutions.

Components 
There are 3 components of EntireX:
 EntireX Communicator, which enables communications with back-end systems, and can handle synchronous and asynchronous communication
 EntireX XML Mediator, which is primarily a router for XML messages
 EntireX Adapters, which provide adapters to integrate with both front-end (e.g., web servers, app servers) and back-end (e.g. mainframe) systems

EntireX supports synchronous and asynchronous communications, load balancing, administrative and management re-configurations, metadata extraction, determining which Web Services are enabled and/or consumed, and related meta-operations.

References

External links
 Software AG
 EntireX Documentation
 An overview of EntireX architecture
EntireX at TECHcommunity
EntireX community forums 

Component-based software engineering
Inter-process communication
Object models
Enterprise application integration
Braun LE1. The Braun LE1, Loudspeaker Unit 1 (), was the first electrostatic mode loudspeaker available on the German hi-fi market. German electronics company Braun started production in 1960 with the technology licensed from the British Acoustical Manufacturing Co. Ltd. (now known as QUAD Electroacoustics). 
 
The electronics inside were very similar to QUAD's famous ESL-57, however there were differences. While the stators were identical, the transformers and high voltage cascade were specially developed by Braun.

The loudspeakers were fed the audio signal plus a 220 Volt power supply by a special 4-wire cable using any of the following Braun tube amplifiers:

CV11 (power amplifier of modular STUDIO 2 Hifi unit)
CSV13 and CSV60 (integrated amplifiers).

The speaker casing and supporting struts were designed by famed German designer Dieter Rams. The LE1 is held in the collection of the Museum of Modern Art.

References

Loudspeakers
Collection of the Museum of Modern Art (New York City)
Maximum Integrated Data Acquisition System. MIDAS is a data acquisition package developed at the Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland, and TRIUMF, Canada. It was designed for particle detectors using CAMAC and VMEbus hardware.

Description 
MIDAS (Maximum Integration Data Acquisition System) has been developed as a general purpose data acquisition system for small and medium scale experiments originally by Stefan Ritt in 1993, followed by Pierre-André Amaudruz in 1996. It is written in C and published under the GPL.

The experiment complexity ranges from test systems, where a single PC is connected to CAMAC via a PC-CAMAC interface, to experiments with several front-end computers and analysis nodes. The system currently runs under Linux, Microsoft Windows, various versions of UNIX, VMS, VxWorks and MS-DOS and can be ported easily to virtually any operating system which supports TCP/IP sockets.

A speed-optimized RPC layer is used for data exchange, with which sustained data rates of 980 kB/s (10BASE-T), 8.7 MB/s (100BASE-TX) and up to 98 MB/s (1000BASE-T). An integrated slow control system contains a fast online database and a history system. Drivers exist for CAMAC, VME, Fastbus, High Voltage Crates, GBIB and several PC plug-in DAQ boards. A framework is supplied which can be extended by user code for front-end readout on one side and data analysis on the other side. The online data can be presented by PAW as histograms and N-tuples as well as by ROOT. A dedicated HTTP server gives fast Web access for experiment control and to access the slow control system including a graphical representation of variable trends (history display).

Usage of MIDAS 
MIDAS is used in many experiments in nuclear and particle physics. Following list shows a few of them:

 Mu to E Gamma experiment at PSI
 Mu3e experiment at PSI
 Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy at PSI
 TWIST experiment at TRIUMF
 Various ISAC experiments at TRIUMF
 T2K experiment in Japan
 DEAP-3600 experiment at SNOLAB
 Muon g-2 experiment at Fermilab
 ASACUSA experiment at CERN
 ALPHA experiment at CERN

References

External links 
 MIDAS home page at TRIUMF, Canada

Physics software
Signaling System No. 6. Signaling System No. 6 (SS6) was introduced in the 1970s as an early common channel signalling method for telecommunication trunks between international switching centers (ISCs). It is specified in CCITT Recommendations Q.251-Q.300.

The system had limited applications since at that time the predecessor systems Signaling System No. 5 (C5) and C4 were widely in use, but there was a need to experience common channel working on a fast digital basis.

Traffic switching in the ISCs was then typically handled by crossbar switches or electronically controlled cross-points such as reed relays. The transmission media were likely satellite links or long terrestrial submarine cable channels. In some cases these were advantaged or multiplied with time-assignment speech interpolation (TASI) or digital circuit multiplication equipment (DCME). These transmission methods were not suited to line or inter-register signalling. Taking the signalling function away from the traffic channel could cut costs, and would later lead to Common Channel Signalling. There would be no need for filtering signalling away from speech, and the duty cycle of the costly trunk for each revenue earning call would be better. Signalling time in call set up and clear down would be significantly shorter than with C4 and C5.  With telephone signalling not transmitted over the line, the opportunities for fraud were reduced.

The CCITT 6 signalling channel was typically a 2.4 kbit/s data link. Technology at the time was an M1040 or M1020 analogue Four-wire circuit presented private circuit link. Modems were slowly beginning to exceed these data rates over 4w circuits; these data links had the advantage that there was no national tail from the ISC out to a normal end point in the country. It was often the National Section that detracted the most from the quality and reliability of such links.

The data circuit known with a DP designation, would have been terrestrial with no TASI or DCME, and the C6 signalling on the data link could perform for 48 or 96 traffic channels. It could function for up to 2,048 in the maximum. The question is whether two operators would have that many traffic channels between them, dependent on just one bearer for signalling and subject to occasional failure. It was of course practice to have standby route over a diverse path in case of outage on the original DP data circuit link.

Finally it was considered possible that a mesh of such data channels could be set up between major centres, leading to a system where the link between country A and country B could perform the signalling functions for links to country A from country D for example.

CCITT No 6 was a method developed & implemented by administrations in a limited number of countries for use in correspondent International Switching of analogue telephone calls. The next development was correspondent and non-correspondent switching of telephone calls by new operators in the countries where more sophisticated methods were required.

References

ITU-T recommendations
Telephony signals
OpenCity. OpenCity is a free and open-source software 3D city-building game started in 2003 by France-based Vietnamese programmer Duong-Khang Nguyen. The game mechanics are similar to SimCity, although the game developers do not strive to make it a direct SimCity clone.

Gameplay 
In the game, the player builds a city by marking land as commercial, industrial or residential zones. Those zones depend on each other to grow. The player is also required to supply the city with power and connect the different zones by building roads.

Origins and development
OpenCity is the product of programmer Duong-Khang Nguyen and 3D artist Frédéric Rodrigo. Nguyen was inspired by the open source game FreeReign; when he realized that the FreeReign project was cancelled and the source code was not in the condition to be improved, he began development on his own city-building simulator. The work in project started in 2003 with the registration on SourceForge. OpenCity is free and open-source software due to the licensing as GPLv2. Contributions to the game came from the game's community in form of translation and quality testing. OpenCity is built on cross platform libraries and APIs like Simple DirectMedia Library and OpenGL, which allows porting to various OSes and platforms, like Windows, OS X and many Linux distributions.

Reception  
OpenCity achieved a broad spread as free and open-source and freeware video game, and was downloaded directly from SourceForge between 2003 and May 2017 over 190,000 times according to the SF download statistic. OpenCity has also been packaged for many Linux distributions: Fedora, Debian, SuSE, Slackware, Ubuntu, Pardus, Frugalware. OpenCity has been reviewed as "well made 3D remake" of SimCity by Chip.de in 2013.

Gallery

See also

 List of open source games
 Lincity
 SimCity
 Simutrans

References

External links

 OpenCity homepage
  OpenCity tutorial

2009 video games
Business simulation games
Open-source video games
City-building games
Linux games
Free software programmed in C++
Video games developed in France
ST Book. The ST Book (also written as STBook) is a notebook-sized laptop released in October 1991 by Atari Corporation. It is based on the Atari STE. The ST Book is more portable than the previous Atari portable, the STacy, but it sacrifices several features in order to achieve this: notably the backlight, and internal floppy disc drive. 

The screen is highly reflective. It supports the 640×400 1-bit mono mode only without an external video port. It gained some popularity as being the most utterly portable full-featured computer of the day (slim, light, quiet, reliable, and with a long battery life, even by modern standards for all 5).

The ST Book is shipped with a modified version of TOS 2.06.

Specifications  
Model number: NST-141
 Blitter
 Character set: Atari ST character set (based on code page 437)
 Real-time clock Lithium Battery
 Parallel: 1 port
 Serial: 1 port
 ACSI/FDD: 1 port
 MIDI: 2 ports
 External keyboard
 Internal Modem: optional (used for this model's expansion port)
 Vector Pad

References

External links 
 The Atari STBook Laptop
 Atari ST Book, OLD-COMPUTERS.COM Museum
 Atari ST Book Practical Performance, 1993

Computer-related introductions in 1991
Atari ST
Laptops
IEEE 1667. IEEE 1667 ("Standard Protocol for Authentication in Host Attachments of Transient Storage Devices") is a standard published and maintained by the IEEE that describes various methods for authenticating removable storage devices such as USB flash drives when they are inserted into a computer. The protocol is universal, and thus operating-system independent. It is currently part of Windows Vista (SP2) and Windows 7, Server 2008, Server 2012, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows 10 and Windows 11.

References

Further reading 
 

IEEE standards
Computer security
Computer storage technologies
Sea Truck. The Rotork Sea Truck is a flat-hulled, high-speed watercraft, similar to a small landing craft. Made from fibreglass, they may be used to land vehicles without jetties or harbour facilities. They were designed by the design team at Smallfry in the 1970s.

History 
The vehicle was designed by the design team at Smallfry led by designer Tim Fry and Anthony Smallhorn with input from James Dyson while he was a student in the 1970s, as part of his final year's project at the Royal College of Art. 

Jeremy Fry was co-designer, along with Dyson, who was working at Rotork at the time. Dyson used the Sea Truck as part of his final year's project at the Royal College of Art.

It happened to be the first engineering project for Dyson of the Dyson company, as he had not even learned welding before. He and Fry built the prototype together.

The craft was manufactured by Rotork Marine in Bath, England. It was a high-speed "flat-hulled fiberglass landing craft that could deliver cargo where no harbor or jetty was available."

According to Wired Magazine and Dyson, it was described as a "Welsh dresser on water," with Dyson saying he learned not to prioritize conventional appearances with his projects, as "what it did, it did rather well."

It was adopted for use by the oil and construction industries, as well as military use, and could carry three tons at 50 miles per hour. In 1973, the Sea Truck was used by the Egyptian army in the Yom Kippur war.

Awards 
In 1975, Dyson won the Duke of Edinburgh's Special Prize for his work on the Sea Truck.

In 1979, the Sea Truck won the Design Council Award for Engineering Products, and the Series 5 Sea Truck, credited to the Rotork Marine Design team with Tim Fry and Anthony Smallhorn  of Smallfry Ltd. as consulting  designer won the Prince Philip Designers Prize.

Versions 
There were five versions of the Sea Truck. Jeremy Fry invented the original Sea Truck and the Mark 2 version. Dyson as a student was involved in the Mark 3. The Mark 5 designed under John Fry by Mike Ross and styled by Tim Fry and Anthony Smallhorn won the design award.

References 

Boat types
James Dyson