omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Packeteer. Packeteer, Inc., founded in 1996 by Robert Packer, Brett Galloway and Bob Luxenberg was an I.T. company based in Cupertino, California that was listed on the NASDAQ. Networking appliances focus on Application Traffic Management and optimization for wide area networks. They held at least 40 patents for various network optimization methods. Packeteer was acquired by Blue Coat Systems in 2008.

Packeteer was a contributing member of the Apdex Alliance.

Their main product lines were:
PacketShaper (Traffic shaping, compression, TCP & HTTP acceleration, analysis, reporting)
SkyX (TCP acceleration and compression, high latency link optimization) via the Mentat acquisition.
iShared (WAFS and TCP acceleration, optimization, compression and caching) via the Tacit Networks acquisition.
iShaper (Introduced: May 7, 2007. Combines PacketShaper and iShared technologies into a single appliance. 
Mobiliti software (data protection and link optimization for mobile business users.  via the Tacit Networks acquisition.
PolicyCenter (centrally manages the configuration, policy management, software distribution and adaptive response tracking of multi-unit deployments.)

History
 In 1996, Packeteer was founded.
 In 1999, Packeteer had an initial public offering on NASDAQ.
 In 2000, Packeteer acquired the company Workfire Technologies and released their AppCelera product based on the Internet Web Acceleration technology developed by Workfire.
 In 2004, Packeteer acquired the company Mentat, integrating their SkyX product into the Packeteer portfolio.
 In 2006, Packeteer acquired the company Tacit Networks, maker of the iShared and Mobiliti product lines.
 On April 21, 2008, Blue Coat System announced its intention to acquire Packeteer, Inc.
 On June 9, 2008, Packeteer, Inc. was acquired by Blue Coat Systems. which in 2016 was acquired by Symantec

See also 
Traffic shaping
Bandwidth management
WAN optimization
Allot Communications
NetEqualizer

References

1999 initial public offerings
2008 mergers and acquisitions
American companies established in 1996
American companies disestablished in 2008
Companies based in Cupertino, California
Companies formerly listed on the Nasdaq
Computer companies established in 1996
Computer companies disestablished in 2008
Defunct computer companies of the United States
Defunct computer hardware companies
Network performance
Technology companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area
Stevens Award. The Stevens Award is a software engineering lecture award given by the Reengineering Forum, an industry association. The international Stevens Award was created to recognize outstanding contributions to the literature or practice of methods for software and systems development. The first award was given in 1995. The presentations focus on the current state of software methods and their direction for the future.

This award lecture is named in memory of Wayne Stevens (1944-1993), a consultant, author, pioneer, and advocate of the practical application of software methods and tools. The Stevens Award and lecture is managed by the Reengineering Forum. The award was founded by International Workshop on Computer Aided Software Engineering (IWCASE), an international workshop association of users and developers of computer-aided software engineering (CASE) technology, which merged into The Reengineering Forum. Wayne Stevens was a charter member of the IWCASE executive board.

Recipients 
 1995: Tony Wasserman
 1996: David Harel
 1997: Michael Jackson
 1998: Thomas McCabe
 1999: Tom DeMarco
 2000: Gerald Weinberg
 2001: Peter Chen
 2002: Cordell Green
 2003: Manny Lehman
 2004: François Bodart
 2005: Mary Shaw, Jim Highsmith
 2006: Grady Booch
 2007: Nicholas Zvegintzov
 2008: Harry Sneed
 2009: Larry Constantine
 2010: Peter Aiken
 2011: Jared Spool, Barry Boehm
 2012: Philip Newcomb
 2013: Jean-Luc Hainaut
 2014: François Coallier
 2015: Pierre Bourque

See also 

 List of computer science awards

References

Computer science awards
Software engineering
Chip (CDMA). In digital communications, a chip is a pulse of a direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) code, such as a pseudo-random noise (PN) code sequence used in direct-sequence code-division multiple access (CDMA) channel access techniques.

In a binary direct-sequence system, each chip is typically a rectangular pulse of +1 or −1 amplitude, which is multiplied by a data sequence (similarly +1 or −1 representing the message bits) and by a carrier waveform to make the transmitted signal.  The chips are therefore just the bit sequence out of the code generator; they are called chips to avoid confusing them with message bits.

The chip rate of a code is the number of pulses per second (chips per second) at which the code is transmitted (or received). The chip rate is larger than the symbol rate, meaning that one symbol is represented by multiple chips. The ratio is known as the spreading factor (SF) or processing gain:

Orthogonal variable spreading factor

Orthogonal variable spreading factor (OVSF) is an implementation of code-division multiple access (CDMA) where before each signal is transmitted, the signal is spread over a wide spectrum range through the use of a user's code.  Users' codes are carefully chosen to be mutually orthogonal to each other.

These codes are derived from an OVSF code tree, and each user is given a different code.  An OVSF code tree is a complete binary tree that reflects the construction of Hadamard matrices.

See also
 Baud
 GPS signals

References

External links
 CDMA basics

Code division multiple access
Gavin Ward (engineer). Gavin Ward (born November 11, 1984) is a Canadian engineer who worked for Arrow McLaren in the IndyCar Series.

Career
Ward grew up in Toronto.  Whilst studying at Malvern Collegiate, he began volunteering with a local Formula Ford racing team. After finishing high school, Ward moved to England to study automotive engineering at Oxford Brookes University.

After initially getting his start with an internship in Red Bull Racing's R&D department, Ward rapidly rose through the ranks. Within 6 months RBR had moved him up to the race team where over the next 9 years he worked in various key roles including: trackside control systems engineer, tyre & vehicle dynamics engineer, and race engineer alongside David Coulthard, Mark Webber, Sebastian Vettel, and Daniel Ricciardo. In that time, he helped RBR to progress from a 7th place constructor to a 4x double championship winning and 50+ Grand Prix winning powerhouse.

After RBR finished first and second at the 2013 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix, Ward went up on the podium to collect the trophy for winning constructor on behalf of Red Bull Racing.  At the end of 2014, Ward moved into aero design at RBR.

Ward moved to the IndyCar Series in 2018 as a race engineer for Team Penske. He joined Arrow McLaren SP on January 4, 2022. On November 19, 2024, he left Arrow McLaren.

References

External links
 You don't have to drive the car to be a Formula One star Globe and Mail Article
 Engineers of the future The Paddock Magazine Article
 A Canadian At The Controls RedBull.com Article
 Toronto lad lives dream at Red Bull F1 Toronto Star Article
 The Red Bulletin Red Bulletin F1 

1984 births
Living people
Formula One engineers
Canadian engineers
Canadian motorsport people
Red Bull Racing
Alumni of Oxford Brookes University
Kirchhoff equations. In fluid dynamics, the Kirchhoff equations, named after Gustav Kirchhoff, describe the motion of a rigid body in an ideal fluid.

where  and  are the angular and linear velocity vectors at the point , respectively;  is the moment of inertia tensor,  is the body's mass;  is
a unit normal vector to the surface of the body at the point ;
 is a pressure at this point;  and  are the hydrodynamic
torque and force acting on the body, respectively;
 and  likewise denote all other torques and forces acting on the
body. The integration is performed over the fluid-exposed portion of the
body's surface.

If the body is completely submerged body in an infinitely large volume of irrotational, incompressible, inviscid fluid, that is at rest at infinity, then the vectors  and  can be found via explicit integration, and the dynamics of the body is described by the Kirchhoff – Clebsch equations:

Their first integrals read

Further integration produces explicit expressions for position and velocities.

References  
 Kirchhoff G. R. Vorlesungen ueber Mathematische Physik, Mechanik. Lecture 19. Leipzig: Teubner. 1877. 
 Lamb, H., Hydrodynamics. Sixth Edition Cambridge (UK): Cambridge University Press. 1932.

Mechanics
Classical mechanics
Rigid bodies
Gustav Kirchhoff
Metering pulse. In telecommunications, metering pulses are telephone signals sent by telephone exchanges to metering boxes and payphones aimed at informing the latter of the cost of ongoing telephone calls. Metering pulses are also known as billing pulses and tax pulses.

The properties of metering signals differ between the telephone administrations in various countries. Some systems use alternating current pulses superimposed on the direct current (battery) levels of the local loop, while others may use a reversal of tip-ring polarity of the wire pair. Common frequencies of the A.C. pulses are 50 Hz, 12 kHz, and 16 kHz, with typical durations of the signal varying from several tens to hundreds of milliseconds. 50 Hz pulses are applied to the telephone circuit as common-mode signals with respect to ground, as applying them differentially would make them audible for the talking parties as buzzing tones. The pulse amplitude (RMS voltage) is high enough to distinguish them from signals induced from mains electricity. 12- and 16 kHz metering pulses are applied differentially across the telephone circuit, as these frequencies cannot be heard by listeners with conventional telephone instruments.

Each pulse represents an incremental cost. For calls with higher billing rates, the exchange equipment generates metering pulses at a higher rate than during calls to cheaper destinations, or during periods of lower billing rates.

On residential telephone lines, metering pulses are not used to generate billing records, but serve to inform the calling subscriber with a visual display in form of a counter or advancing dial connected to the telephone instrument. In commercial pay station telephones and coin collectors, A.C. signaling pulses operate coin control.

See also 
 Automatic message accounting

References

Telephony signals
List of protected areas of Himachal Pradesh. Forests in the state of Himachal Pradesh (northern India) currently cover an area of nearly , which is about 68.16% of the total land area of the state. The forests were once considered to be the main source of income of the state and most of the original forests were clear felled. The emphasis has shifted, however, from exploitation to conservation. The state government aims to increase forest cover to 50% of the total land area. There have been various projects, including the establishment of protected areas such as National Parks, designed to preserve and expand the forests.

Preservation and nationalisation of forests
Steps are being taken to intensify environmental preservation and sustainable development in the Himachal Pradesh region. All remaining forests in Himachal Pradesh have been nationalised under the supervision of the officers like Indian forest service, Himachal Forest Service and seasoned Range/Dy.Range Forest Officers. Felling of trees and sale of timber is now controlled by the State Forest Corporation, and an Enforcement Organisation has been established to prevent the illegal felling of trees and the smuggling of timber. Hunting has also been restricted.

The government has created 33 Sanctuaries, and five National Parks. Additional national parks sites are proposed.

Reforestation programs
A World Bank assisted Social Forestry Project has been launched. The aim of the project is to plant more trees for fuel, fodder, and timber to meet the basic requirements of the local people, thus avoiding depletion of the old growth forests. The deforested Kandi areas are also being reafforested in another project financially assisted by the World Bank.

Other programs
An integrated water shed department project for Shivaliks is also under construction.

Fact and figures

Sanctuaries and National Parks
Himachal Pradesh has five national parks and thirty-two wildlife sanctuaries, which are listed below:

Gallery

References

External links
himachaltourism.nic.in
hptdc.gov.in

 
H
Environment of Himachal Pradesh
Protected areas
Core-and-veneer. Core-and-veneer, brick and rubble, wall and rubble, ashlar and rubble, and emplekton all refer to a building technique where two parallel walls are constructed and the core between them is filled with rubble or other infill, creating one thick wall. Originally, and in later poorly constructed walls, the rubble was not consolidated. Later, mortar and cement were used to consolidate the core rubble and produce sturdier construction.

Modern masonry still uses core and veneer walls; however, the core is now generally concrete block instead of rubble, and moisture barriers are included. Often such walls end up as cavity walls by the inclusion of space between the external veneer and the core in order to provide for moisture and thermal control.

History

Greeks and Phoenicians
Both the early Phoenicians and Greeks used rubble-filled masonry walls. The word emplekton was borrowed from Greek ἔμπλεκτον and originally meant "rubble" but came to apply to the construction technique as well.

Romans
The Romans started with basic emplekton masonry walls, but developed the technique further using temporary walls (forms) that were removed after the cemented rubble (concrete) had cured. This technique was called opus caementicium, and eventually led to modern ferroconcrete construction.

India
The buildings of the Taj Mahal are constructed with walls of brick and rubble inner cores faced with either marble or sandstone locked together with iron dowels and clamps. Some of the walls of the mausoleum are several metres thick.

Ancestral Puebloans

In the large complexes at Chaco Canyon, the Ancestral Puebloans used the wall and rubble technique, with walls of carefully shaped sandstone. The Ancestral Puebloans used mud as their mortar, both with the veneer and to consolidate the core. This core and veneer technique was also used at other Ancestral Puebloans sites outside of Chaco Canyon. Later pueblos used mud bricks (adobe) for the veneer.

Mayan
In the Puuc region, and as far south as at least Tikal, the Mayans developed core-and-veneer walls to the point where, by the classic period, they were filled with concrete.

Problems
Traditional core-and-veneer walls suffered from moisture migration and thermal expansion and contraction. They had a low tensile strength, hence a poor resistance to twisting or stretching. Tensile strength was increased by increasing the width of the walls or by providing masonry "piers" (vertical columns or ribs), either inside the wall or as additional exterior support.

See also
 Bungaroosh
 Cavity wall

Notes

External links
  shows construction and cross-section of core-and-veneer wall
  showing cross-section of a core-and-veneer wall.

Masonry
Construction
Types of wall
CMC Electronics. CMC Electronics Inc. () is a Canadian avionics manufacturer. The company's main manufacturing facility is located in Montreal, Quebec with additional facilities located in Ottawa, Ontario and Sugar Grove, Illinois.

History 

The company was founded in 1903 as Canadian Wireless Telegraph Company of Canada by Guglielmo Marconi. In 1925, the company was renamed Canadian Marconi Company. In 1948, English Electric purchased the UK based Marconi Company and in 1953 acquired 50.6% of Canadian Marconi Company.

In 1968 English Electric was itself purchased by General Electric Company (GEC), which took control of the 50.6% share of CMC.
 
On November 30, 1999 British Aerospace completed its purchase of GEC's Canadian Electronic Systems to form BAE Systems. In December 1999, BAE Systems purchased GEC's 51.6% share of CMC in a separate transaction. In February 2000 the company changed its name to BAE Systems Canada. In April 2001, ONCAP (an investment group comprising Onex Corporation and other investors) completed its purchase of BAE Systems Canada. The company was then renamed CMC Electronics since it had previously sold its rights for the Marconi name to Marconi plc. In 2007, CMC Electronics was sold to Esterline Corporation. Transdigm bought Esterline in 2019.

Company structure 

CMC has three primary operating business units: Navigation Systems, Cockpit System Integration, Panels and Sensors.   It has an approximate 50/50 split between commercial and military sales.

See also

 Bombardier Aerospace
 COM DEV International
 Héroux-Devtek
 MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates
 Spar Aerospace
 Viking Air

References 

Canadian subsidiaries of foreign companies
Aerospace companies of Canada
Electronics companies of Canada
Manufacturing companies established in 1903
1903 establishments in Quebec
Manufacturing companies based in Montreal
Guglielmo Marconi
Saint-Laurent, Quebec
2007 mergers and acquisitions
Solo Flight (video game). Solo Flight is a third-person flight simulator written by Sid Meier for Atari 8-bit computers and published by MicroProse in 1983. It includes a game mode called Mail Pilot. This was the fourth flight simulator Meier wrote for MicroProse—following Hellcat Ace, Spitfire Ace, and Wingman—and the first which did not involve aerial combat.

In the UK, Solo Flight was published by U.S. Gold. It was ported to the Apple II, Commodore 64, and later IBM PC compatibles. A version for Thomson computers was published in 1985 by FIL in France with the title Vol Solo. A Second Edition of the game was released in 1985 with improved graphics and an instructor. A Mega Drive version was planned but never released.

Gameplay

Solo Flight consists of two parts: a pure flying simulation and a game mode called Mail Pilot. The top half of the screen shows the plane being flown in third person, while the bottom portion contains instruments. The game allows flying by both visual flight rules and instrument flight rules.

In Mail Pilot, the player delivers five bags of mail to destination airports chosen from the twenty-one airports in the game. A score is given based on navigation and time. While en route, the plane may suffer mechanical and instrument failures.

Reception
ANALOG Computing editor Lee Pappas wrote, "the graphics are somewhat rough, and the control panel is not up to what it should be (there is no stall indicator, and non-standard VORS)," but still concluded, "As a whole, Solo Flight is the best Atari flight simulator published to date." COMPUTE! reviewer Arthur Leyenberger praised both the simulation and game aspects of Solo Flight. InfoWorld's Essential Guide to Atari Computers recommended the game as an excellent flight simulation for the Atari 8-bit.

Roy Wagner reviewed and compared Solo Flight and Flight Simulator II for Computer Gaming World, and stated that "a very good program. The 15 pages of documentation are well written and will teach you all you need to know to taxi, takeoff, fly about, and land. It does not, however, help much in learning how to get from one specific airport to another."

Kim Nelson praised the game while reviewing it for MicroTimes. She called the flight instruments realistic and the graphics clear and easily understandable. She also described it as an excellent game for Visual flight rules and Instrument flight rules pilots, while praising the mail run game for adding a new dimension to the usual flight simulator games.

References

External links
 
 

1983 video games
Apple II games
Atari 8-bit computer games
Cancelled Sega Genesis games
Commodore 64 games
Flight simulation video games
MicroProse games
Single-player video games
U.S. Gold games
Video games designed by Sid Meier
Video games developed in the United States
Video games set in the United States
Kusmayanto Kadiman. Kusmayanto Kadiman (born in Bandung, West Java 1 May 1954) is an Indonesian engineer and politician who served as State Minister for Research and Technology in the United Indonesia Cabinet between 2004 and 2009.

Education
He studied engineering physics at Bandung Institute of Technology, graduating in 1977. He received his Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) from Australian National University in 1988.

Career
He has served as head of Pusat Komputer PIKSI, Bandung Institute of Technology and 
rector of Bandung Institute of Technology from 2001 to 2004.
He was appointed as State Minister for Research and Technology in the United Indonesia Cabinet on 21 October 2004, a post he held until 20 October 2009.

Personal life
He is married and has two sons and a daughter.

References

1954 births
Living people
Javanese people
People from Bandung
Indonesian engineers
Research ministers of Indonesia
Australian National University alumni
Bandung Institute of Technology alumni
Government ministers of Indonesia
Science and technology in Indonesia
EEV. EEV or EeV may refer to:

 English Electric Valve Company, a designer, developer and manufacturer of electronic components and sub-systems
 Enhanced environmentally friendly vehicle, a car category used in European emission standards
 Equine encephalosis virus, a species of virus
 European embedded value, a type of embedded value in finance
 EeV (1018 electronvolts), a unit of energy

See also
 EEVBlog (Electronics Engineering Video Blog), a blog and YouTube channel by David L. Jones