omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Feature-oriented positioning. Feature-oriented positioning (FOP) is a method of precise movement of the scanning microscope probe across the surface under investigation. With this method, surface features (objects) are used as reference points for microscope probe attachment. Actually, FOP is a simplified variant of the feature-oriented scanning (FOS). With FOP, no topographical image of a surface is acquired. Instead, a probe movement by surface features is only carried out from the start surface point A (neighborhood of the start feature) to the destination point B (neighborhood of the destination feature) along some route that goes through intermediate features of the surface. The method may also be referred to by another name—object-oriented positioning (OOP).

To be distinguished are a "blind" FOP when the coordinates of features used for probe movement are unknown in advance and FOP by existing feature "map" when the relative coordinates of all features are known, for example, in case they were obtained during preliminary FOS. Probe movement by a navigation structure is a combination of the above-pointed methods.

FOP method may be used in bottom-up nanofabrication to implement high-precision movement of the nanolithograph/nanoassembler probe along the substrate surface. Moreover, once made along some route, FOP may be then exactly repeated the required number of times. After movement in the specified position, an influence on the surface or manipulation of a surface object (nanoparticle, molecule, atom) is performed. All the operations are carried out in automatic mode. With multiprobe instruments, FOP approach allows to apply any number of specialized technological and/or analytical probes successively to a surface feature/object or to a specified point of the feature/object neighborhood. That opens a prospect for building a complex nanofabrication consisting of a large number of technological, measuring, and checking operations.

See also
Feature-oriented scanning

References

External links
Feature-oriented positioning, Research section, Lapshin's Personal Page on SPM & Nanotechnology

Microscopes
Nanotechnology
Scanning probe microscopy

ru:ООП
Harry Webster. Henry George Webster, CBE (27 May 1917 – 6 February 2007) was a British automotive engineer. He is best known for his work at the Triumph Motor Company throughout the 1950s and 1960s.

Career

Harry Webster was born in Coventry in 1917, and educated at Welshpool County School and Coventry Technical College. He stayed in Coventry to join the Standard Motor Company in 1932 as an apprentice, spending six years in Standard's aircraft engineering operation during the Second World War, after which he returned to the car chassis design department in Coventry. Following Standard's acquisition of the Triumph Motor Company in 1946, Webster's design and chassis engineering abilities helped to revive the Triumph marque through the 1950s. In 1957 Webster became Triumph's director of engineering, and in 1967 he was appointed chief executive engineer at Leyland Motors, which had by then acquired Standard-Triumph. In 1968, following the merger of British Motor Holdings and Leyland Motors to form British Leyland Motor Corporation (BLMC) he succeeded Alec Issigonis as BLMC's technical director.

Webster worked on Triumph's TR series of sports cars, which included the TR2, TR3, TR4, and TR5, and brought in Italian stylist Giovanni Michelotti to work with him on the TR4, Herald, Vitesse, Spitfire, 2000, and Stag.

After resigning from BLMC in 1974, he joined Leamington Spa-based brake and clutch manufacturer Automotive Products as group technical director. He retired in 1982.

Later years
Webster lived in Kenilworth, where he had moved in the late 1950s, until his death in 2007.

Honours
In 1974 Webster was appointed Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (CBE) for his contribution to the British motor industry.

References

Further reading

Related links
 
 
 

Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
1917 births
2007 deaths
British automotive engineers
Albastar Apis. 

The Albastar Apis WR is a single seater sailplane of Slovenian manufacture, the first aircraft created entirely by this manufacturer, Albastar Ltd. An Ultralight Class glider, it has set five world records in this class.

Often confused with the very similar Wezel Apis 2, the two designs are not related.

It is sold by Albastar ready-to-fly or kit-built.

Specifications

References

2000s Slovenian sailplanes
Glider aircraft
Apis
Mid-wing aircraft
T-tail aircraft
Aircraft with fixed bicycle landing gear
Visual Nature Studio. Visual Nature Studio is a 3D visualization program for Microsoft Windows, developed as an enhanced version of 3D Nature's "World Construction Set" software.  The program produces photorealistic still images or animations of fictional or real landscapes by using digital elevation model (DEM) and geographic information system (GIS) data as input.

In late 2015, Visual Nature Studio was acquired along with all of 3D Nature's other assets by AlphaPixel LLC, another company founded by 3D Nature co-founder Chris 'Xenon' Hanson. AlphaPixel continues to sell and support Visual Nature Studio commercially under the 3D Nature brand but has also released the source code under the OSGPL (a variant of the LGPL) to ensure the software cannot be lost in the future and protect the investment of its users.

References 
3D Nature homepage
Company History
 Stephen M. Ervin, Hope H. Hasbrouck. Landscape Modeling: Digital Techniques for Landscape Visualization, p91, 179, 200, 236, 237. McGraw-Hill, 2001. 
 "Alternatives for Coastal Development: One Site, Three Scenarios", NOAA project description
 "Research: Visualization & Emerging Technologies", March 17, 2006, Penn State University
 "Destination: Manhattan, 1609", May 2005, p. 44, Wired magazine
 "3D Nature’s World Construction Set 6", August 1, 2003, Animation Magazine review
 Faculty of Forestry, Université de Moncton (Edmundston)

External links
Website featuring samples, tutorials and downloadable content
 "2004 VISUALIZATION CHALLENGE: Informational Graphics", 2004, National Geographic (used World Construction Set software)

3D graphics software
GIS software
Type 64 MAT. The  is a Japanese wire-guided anti-tank missile developed during the late 1950s. Within the JGSDF, it is also known as 64MAT and KAM-3.

History
Development of the missile began in 1957, and was adopted as standard equipment for the Japanese Ground Self-Defense Forces with the official designation Type 64 ATM in 1964. Kawasaki Heavy Industries had been responsible for manufacturing the Type 64.

Though the Type 64 MAT had been largely phased out and replaced by the Type 79 Jyu-MAT and Type 87 Chu-MAT as front-line anti-tank missiles in the 1970s to the 1990s, a small number are being held as reserve missiles.

Description

The missile is cruciform in cross-section with four large wings. It is powered by a dual thrust rocket motor, which accelerates the missile to its cruising speed in 0.8 seconds.

Operational use
The missile is launched from an open framed launcher at an angle of 15 degrees. The operator steers the missile using a control box, which sends commands down a wire that is trailed from the missile. A gyroscope in the missile compensates for pitch and yaw.

The Type 64 is typically operated by a three-man crew. It can also be deployed from a Mitsubishi Type 73 jeep, which can carry four missiles and a Type 60 armoured personnel carrier.

Similar missile systems

See also

References

  Kenkyusha's New Japanese-English Dictionary, Kenkyusha Limited, Tokyo 1991,

Biography
 Brassey's Infantry Weapons of the World, J.I.H. Owen.
 Jane's Infantry Weapons 1991-92, Ian V. Hogg.
 Brassey's Anti-tank weapons, John Norris

Anti-tank guided missiles of the Cold War
Anti-tank guided missiles of Japan
Cold War weapons of Japan
Military equipment introduced in the 1960s
Wire-guided missiles
V-2 No. 13. The V-2 No. 13 was a modified V-2 rocket that became the first object to take a photograph of the Earth from outer space. Launched on 24 October 1946, at the White Sands Missile Range in White Sands, New Mexico, the rocket reached a maximum altitude of .

Flight 

The famous photograph was taken with an attached DeVry 35 mm black-and-white motion picture camera.  The flight was an addition to the Hermes program which had been ongoing since 1944. Rocket V-2 No.13 was assembled and launched by General Electric company with both captured German components and re-manufactured ones.

See also 

 Astrophotography
 Timeline of first images of Earth from space

References

1940s in spaceflight
1946 in outer space
1946 in transport
20th-century rocket launches
Astrophotography
1946 in New Mexico
October 1946
October 1946 events in the United States
Emios. Emios (an acronym for Environmental Memory Interoperable Open Service) is an MDD / MDE platform that aims to provide a range of services for storing and sharing information about environmental research activities.

History
Emios, initiated by C. Faucher in June 2006, is based on the environmental memory concepts developed by the "Motive" CNRS committee and specifically by Franck Guarnieri in 2003.

Emios is a set of Eclipse plugins based on EMF, distributed under the terms of the EPL License.
The current version is the 0.0.1 and mainly contains the Geographic Information Standards Manager: GISM. GISM is the first part of Emios and implements the ISO 19100 series of International Standards from ISO TC211.

Scientific References
Faucher C., Gourmelon F., Lafaye J.Y., Rouan M., "Mise en place d’une mémoire environnementale adaptée aux besoins d’un observatoire du domaine cotier : MEnIr", Revue Internationale de Géomatique, Hermès/Lavoisier, vol 19/1, , pp. 7–26, 2009, http://geo.e-revues.com/ 

Faucher C., Lafaye J.Y., 2007. Model-Driven Engineering for implementing the ISO 19100 series of international standards, "CoastGIS 07, the 8th International Symposium on GIS and Computer Mapping for Coastal Zone Management", vol. 2, p. 424-433, 7–10 October, Santander, Spain.

Related link
Emios web site

Environmental science software
Geographic information systems
Domain-specific programming languages
Don Mitchell. Don Mitchell may refer to:

Don Mitchell (actor) (1943–2013), American actor best known for his role in the TV series Ironside
Don Mitchell (aircraft designer), designer of the Mitchell Nimbus, Mitchell U-2 Superwing and AmeriPlanes Mitchell Wing A-10
Don Mitchell (geographer) (born 1961), professor of geography at the Maxwell School of Syracuse University
Don Mitchell (politician) (born c. 1951), Canadian politician, mayor of Whitby

See also
Donald Mitchell (disambiguation)
List of British Rail diesel multiple unit classes. This is a list of British Rail diesel multiple-unit train classes.

For a historical overview of diesel multiple unit train development in Great Britain, see British railcars and diesel multiple units.

Pre-nationalisation designs
 GWR railcars
 LMS railcars

First Generation

Early BR DMUs (79xxx series)

TOPS classes

Second generation

Lightweight railcars

Pacers

Sprinters

Turbos

Networker

Turbostar

Coradias

Desiro

Civity

Diesel-electric multiple units (DEMUs)

Southern Region DEMUs

Second Generation

Voyager-style express DEMUs

High-speed trains

See also
 List of British Rail classes
 List of British Rail modern traction locomotive classes
 List of British Rail electric multiple unit classes
 British Rail locomotive and multiple unit numbering and classification
 British Rail coach type codes

References

External links

 List
British Rail diesel multiple unit classes
Glenn Odekirk. Glenn Odekirk (Waseca, Minnesota May 9, 1905 – Las Vegas, Nevada January 12, 1987) was an American aerospace engineer who made significant contributions to the work of Hughes Aircraft.

Biography
The son of Edward John and Louise (Lewis) Odekirk, Glenn, also known by his nickname 'Ode' (pronounced "OH-dee"), was an engineer who graduated from Oregon State University in 1927. During the 1930s and through World War II, Odekirk was the assistant to the businessman Howard Hughes, the president of Hughes Aircraft, with whom he had a very close professional relationship.

Odekirk met Hughes on the set of his movie Hell's Angels, and Hughes was very impressed with him. For several years, the two flew around the country together, testing the young engineer's ideas and arguing constantly over the most trivial matters of airplane construction.

In 1935, Odekirk co-designed the Hughes H-1 Racer. It set a world speed record of 352.39 miles per hour in September of that year, beating Raymond Delmotte's (of France) record of 314.32 miles per hour. The plane was revolutionary for its time and was one of the first planes in history to sport retractable landing gear,  countersunk screws and flush rivets to reduce wind resistance.

Odekirk co-designed the H-4 Hercules (commonly known as the Spruce Goose) and many sources state that Odekirk was aboard when Hughes piloted the plane on its only flight on November 2, 1947.

However, according to The Ouderkerk Family Saga: 350 Years in America, Glenn Odekirk was not on the Hercules. Odekirk recalled that day: "I dropped Hughes down on the dock and he said to me, 'Odie, you don't mind not being aboard while I taxi' "...and I said, "Oh, come on."  "The fellows back there (the Brewster committee) were giving him a bad time and told him the thing would never fly. So that is when I knew real well that he would take off if possible. I know darn well if it feels right, you are going to fly it. Mr. Hughes didn't want another pilot on board because someday someone would come out and say that Howard Hughes didn't fly it, so-and-so did."

Legacy
In the Howard Hughes biopic The Aviator, Odekirk was portrayed by Matt Ross. The Hughes H-4 Hercules or "Spruce Goose" is now on display at the Evergreen Aviation & Space Museum in McMinnville, Oregon.

References
Oregon State University Alumni Association
H. John Ouderkirk (ed.), The Ouderkerk Family Saga: 350 Years in America.
 

American aerospace engineers
Aviation inventors
People from Waseca, Minnesota
Oregon State University alumni
1987 deaths
1905 births
20th-century American inventors
20th-century American engineers
Engineers from Minnesota
Euphoria (software). Euphoria is a game animation middleware created by NaturalMotion based on Dynamic Motion Synthesis, NaturalMotion's proprietary technology for animating 3D characters on-the-fly "based on a full simulation of the 3D character, including body, muscles and motor nervous system". Instead of using predefined animations, the characters' actions and reactions are synthesized in real-time; they are different every time, even when replaying the same scene. While it is common for current video games to use limp "ragdolls" for animations generated on the fly, Euphoria employed a more complex method to animate the entirety of physically bound objects within the game environment. The engine was to be used in an Indiana Jones game that was later cancelled. According to its web site, Euphoria ran on the Microsoft Windows, OS X, Linux, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, Xbox One, iOS and Android platforms and was compatible with all commercial physics engines.

A press release that was enclosed with the second trailer eventually confirmed that Grand Theft Auto IV is the first of Rockstar's games to feature Euphoria. Red Dead Redemption is their second game to use this engine. The Star Wars titles, Star Wars: The Force Unleashed and The Force Unleashed II use Euphoria, as do games based on the Rockstar Advanced Game Engine (RAGE) including Grand Theft Auto V and Red Dead Redemption 2. Euphoria is integrated into the source code of RAGE.
In 2017, NaturalMotion announced it would end licensing of Euphoria, along with its other technologies, to concentrate on mobile games.

Software using Euphoria
In February 2007, NaturalMotion and Rockstar Games announced that Euphoria would be used in future Rockstar titles.
In August 2007, NaturalMotion announced Backbreaker, an American football game for next-generation consoles that employs Euphoria to generate tackles in real-time, as opposed to playback animation.
The July 2009 issue of Game Informer confirmed that Max Payne 3 would include Euphoria along with Rockstar's RAGE.
NaturalMotion's iOS title Clumsy Ninja uses Euphoria, and is the first mobile game to do so.

References

External links
 (Archived from the original on 2018-04-04.)

2008 software
Anatomical simulation
Animation software
Computer physics engines
 
Middleware for video games
S/S. S/S may refer to:

 A Ship prefix that identifies a vessel as steam powered Vessel
 A common naming prefix for any Merchant vessel
 S/S, an industry abbreviation in the fashion industry for Spring/Summer (as opposed to A/W (Autumn/Winter))
 S/S, a medical abbreviation for Signs and symptoms
 In clothing, refers to short-sleeved (as opposed to L/S (long-sleeved))
 Solidification / Stabilization (S/S) with Cement, a method of management and reuse of contaminated waste.

See also 
 SS (disambiguation)
Mangoola coal mine. The Mangoola coal mine, formerly known as the Anvill Hill coal mine is a coal mine in the Hunter Valley, New South Wales, Australia.

History
The project was developed by Centennial Coal. The mine provides coal mostly for the production of electricity.

The proposed mine EA (environmental assessment) was provided to the Department of Planning in June 2006.  On 7 June the NSW Planning Minister Frank Sartor approved the proposed mine, stating that not going ahead with the mine would make no overall difference to climate change and thus would slow down the economy of New South Wales without good reason. Additionally many local landowners where happy to accept Centennial Coal's purchase offer, and further environmental surveys showed species were found in greater abundance, further afield, than protestors had stated was the case.

That same year, however, the Land and Environment Court of New South Wales found, in a case initiated by environmentalist Pete Gray, that the government had failed to properly assess the greenhouse gas pollution that would be caused by the mining and subsequent use of the coal. This was described by Greenpeace as a "landmark case [...] that forced tougher scrutiny of coal mine emissions in Australia".

In September 2007, Centennial Coal sold the mine to Xstrata. It was included in the takeover of Xstrata to Glencore. In 2011 production commenced. In 2021 Glencore was given permission to continue mining until 2030.

References

Coal mines in New South Wales
Glencore
Surface mines in Australia
Xstrata
2011 establishments in Australia
Clifton C. Garvin. Clifton Canter Garvin Jr. (December 22, 1921 – April 17, 2016) was an American engineer, army officer, and oilman. In 1947 Garvin joined Standard Oil of New Jersey (called Exxon after 1973) and retired from the company in 1986. From 1972 to 1975 he served as its president, and from 1975 to 1986 as its chairman.

Biography
He was born in Portsmouth, Virginia and graduated from Virginia Polytechnic Institute in 1943 with a bachelor's degree in chemical engineering.  After graduation, he served with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers during World War II in the Pacific theater for three years. He returned to VPI after his military service and received a master's degree from VPI in 1947.

He started his career at Exxon Corporation as a process engineer in their refineries. He worked in the Baton Rouge Refinery and ran Exxon's chemical operations.  Garvin's corporate background was in transport, refining and marketing as well as chemicals—areas of the business that were important to Exxon at a time when governments in the Middle East and Latin America were squeezing the profits out of petroleum production. He was marked as a comer at Exxon in the early 1960s. In 1965 he took over the company's chemical operations and helped turn them into the fastest-growing part of Exxon's business. He became president of Exxon in 1972 and was selected Chairman and CEO in 1975 until his retirement in 1986.

In 1981, he was appointed to President Ronald Reagan's National Productivity Advisory Committee and later served on the President's Private Sector Survey on Cost Control. He served as Chairman of The Business Council in 1983 and 1984.

He served on the boards of directors of Georgia Pacific, Chevron, Citicorp, Citibank, Johnson and Johnson, J.C. Penney, PepsiCo, Inc, Sperry Corporation, and TRW Inc.

He served on the board of visitors of Virginia Tech from 1988 to 1996 and was rector from 1991 to 1996. In 1997, the Virginia Tech Board of Visitors selected Garvin as the recipient of the William H. Ruffner Medal, the university's highest honor, for his selfless dedication and years of service to the university. He had honorary degrees from New York University, Stevens Institute of Technology and Georgetown University. He earned the Eagle Scout rank in 1937. He was a member of the Augusta National Golf Club.

References

1921 births
2016 deaths
People from Portsmouth, Virginia
Businesspeople from Virginia
American businesspeople in the oil industry
Virginia Tech alumni
American chemical engineers
United States Army personnel of World War II
Engineers from Virginia
Scientists from Virginia
20th-century American businesspeople
John G. Inglis. John Gordon Inglis B.A.Sc. (1899 – November 18, 1990) was a Canadian electrical engineer and transit manager.

He was born in Atwood, Ontario, and graduated with a degree in electrical engineering from the University of Toronto in 1923, then known as SPS - The School of Practical Science (the OLD SKULEHOUSE). He worked for ten years at the Westinghouse Electric Company in East Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where he was involved in the early development of the PCC streetcar. He left Westinghouse to become Electrical Engineer for the Co-operative Transit Company in Wheeling, West Virginia. Because of his experience with the new PCC streetcars, he returned to Canada in 1936 and joined the Rolling Stock Department of the Toronto Transportation Commission. He occupied increasingly important responsibilities until 1959, when he became General Manager – Operations. During his career he guided the TTC’s acquisition and operation of the world’s largest PCC fleet, and was responsible for the TTC’s adoption in the early 1960s of aluminium-bodied 23-metre long subway cars (see M-series (Toronto subway car)).

The former Administration Building at the TTC's Hillcrest Complex was named the J.G. Inglis building in 1991 in his honour.

References 

TTC Coupler, August 1939, Vol 14 No 3
TTC Coupler, July–August 1968, Vol 43 No 7-8
TTC Coupler, December 1990-January 1991, Vol 65 No 10

1899 births
1990 deaths
People from Perth County, Ontario
University of Toronto alumni
Canadian electrical engineers
Toronto Transit Commission general managers