omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Put. Put or PUT may refer to:

Finance
 Put option, a financial contract between a buyer and a seller
 CBOE S&P 500 PutWrite Index (ticker symbol)

Science and technology
 Programmable unijunction transistor

Computing
 Parameterized unit testing, in computer programming
 Put, a Hypertext Transfer Protocol request method
 Put, a File Transfer Protocol option to copy a file to a remote system; see List of FTP commands
 Put, an output procedure in Pascal, Turing, and other programming languages
 In C, simple functions, puts and puts(), that put text on the screen

Education
 Petroleum University of Technology, Abadan, Ahvaz, Mahmud Abad and Tehran, Iran
 Poznań University of Technology, Poland (Polish name: Politechnika Poznańska)

Transportation
 Pui To stop (MTR station code), Hong Kong
 Putney railway station (National Rail station code), London
 Sri Sathya Sai Airport (IATA code), Puttaparthi, Andhra Pradesh, India

Other uses
 Phut or Put, Biblical grandson of Noah
 Put (band), from Rijeka, Croatia
 Put (card game), a 16th-century card game

See also
 Putt (disambiguation)
 Putte (disambiguation)

ca:Llista de personatges bíblics#Put
Simeon Bavier. Simeon Bavier (16 September 1825 in Chur – 27 January 1896 in Basel) was a Swiss politician, member of the Swiss Federal Council (1878–1883).

Bavier was trained as an underground construction engineer at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and the University of Stuttgart from 1841 until 1844, and was instrumental in building some of the alpine roads in Grisons. After 1853, he focused on building railway lines both in Switzerland and abroad. Coming from a family that was involved in the transport business, he was a staunch proponent of the Ostalpenbahn, a transalpine railway connection through Grisons and over the Lukmanier Pass, which would have fundamentally changed the economic situation of Grisons.

From 1863 until 1878, he represented both the liberals of Grisons in the Swiss National Council. When he began to support the federal subsidies for the Gotthard railway, his image improved and he was seen less as a one-sided Ostalpenbahn supporter.

He was elected to the national government, the Swiss Federal Council, on 10 December 1878 and resigned on 5 January 1883. He was affiliated with the Free Democratic Party of Switzerland. During his time in office he held the following departments:
 Department of Finance (1879)
 Department of Posts and Railways (1880–1881)
 Political Department (1882) as President of the Confederation

He was President of the Confederation in 1882.

References

External links 

1825 births
1896 deaths
People from Chur
Swiss Calvinist and Reformed Christians
Free Democratic Party of Switzerland politicians
Foreign ministers of Switzerland
Finance ministers of Switzerland
Members of the Federal Council (Switzerland)
Members of the National Council (Switzerland)
Lamp. Lamp, Lamps or LAMP may refer to:

Lighting
 Oil lamp, using an oil-based fuel source
 Kerosene lamp, using kerosene as a fuel 
 Electric lamp, or light bulb, a replaceable component that produces light from electricity
 Light fixture, or light fitting or luminaire, is an electrical device containing an electric lamp that provides illumination
 Signal lamp, or Aldis lamp or Morse lamp, a semaphore system for optical communication
 Safety lamp, any of several types of lamp that provides illumination in coal mines
 Davy lamp

Arts, entertainment and media

Film and television
 The Lamp (1987 film), or The Outing, a horror film
 The Lamp (2011 film), an American drama
 Lamp (advertisement), a 2002 television and cinema advertisement for IKEA

Music
 Lamp (band), a Japanese indie band
 "Lamp", a song by Bump of Chicken from the 1999 album The Living Dead

Literature
 Lamp, a newspaper in Delaware
 The Lamp (magazine), American bimonthly Catholic magazine, founded in 2019
 The Lamp, a Catholic periodical, founded in 1846, edited for a time by Frances Margaret Taylor
 The Lamp: A Catholic Monthly Devoted to Church Unity and Missions, an American periodical published by the Society of the Atonement, 1903-1973
 The Lamp, periodical published by the American Committee for the Protection of Foreign Born

Businesses and organisations
 Loveless Academic Magnet Program, a high school in Montgomery, Alabama, U.S.
 LAMP Community, a Los Angeles-based nonprofit organization
 Lighthouse Archaeological Maritime Program, at St. Augustine Light, Florida, U.S.

People
 Lamp (surname), including a list of people with the surname
 Frank Lampard (born 1978), nickname "Lamps", English football player and manager

Science and technology
 LAMP (software bundle) (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP/Perl/Python)
 Library Access to Music Project, a free music library for MIT students
 Localized Aviation MOS Program (LAMP), a model output statistics system used in weather prediction
 Loop-mediated isothermal amplification, a single tube technique for the amplification of DNA
 Lyman Alpha Mapping Project, an instrument on the NASA Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
 Lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein, including LAMP1, LAMP2, LAMP3

Other uses
 Light Airborne Multi-Purpose System (LAMPS), a United States Navy program

See also

 Lamping (disambiguation)
 Lighting
 Lampadarius, a slave who carried torches
 Fragrance lamp, a lamp that disperses scented alcohol using a heated stone attached to a cotton wick
 :Category:Types of lamp
XSS (disambiguation). XSS is cross-site scripting, a type of computer security vulnerability.

XSS may also refer to:

 XSS file, a Microsoft Visual Studio Dataset Designer Surface Data file
 X11 Screen Saver extension, of X11
 Assan language (ISO 639-3 code)
 Xbox Series S, a digital-only video game console

See also
 Experimental Satellite System-11 (XSS 11), a spacecraft
 CSS (disambiguation)
RPI. RPI may refer to:

Universities
 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, US
 Richmond Professional Institute, merged into Virginia Commonwealth University

Science and technology
 Raspberry Pi (RPi), single-board computers and microcontrollers by public traded Raspberry Pi Ltd.
 Reticulocyte production index, a blood test result
 Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase (Rpi), an enzyme

Organizations
 Recognition Professionals International
 Republican Party of India
 Republican Party of Iowa

Other
 Rating percentage index, in college sports
 Retail price index, UK inflation measure
 Revenue Protection Inspector, on UK public transport
 Rock progressivo italiano, Italian progressive rock

See also
 RP 1 (disambiguation)
 RPL (disambiguation)
Albatros Flugzeugwerke. Albatros Flugzeugwerke GmbH was a German aircraft manufacturer best known for supplying the German Luftstreitkräfte during World War I.

The company was based in Johannisthal, Berlin, where it was founded by Walter Huth and Otto Wiener on December 20, 1909. The company (and its subsidiary, Ostdeutsche Albatros Werke (OAW)) produced many capable fighter aircraft, notably the Albatros D.III and Albatros D.V, both designed by Robert Thelen. The Albatros merged into Focke-Wulf in 1931.

History 
The company was founded in Berlin-Johannisthal in late 1909 by Enno Walther Huth as the Albatros Werke AG.
The first aircraft the company produced was a French Antoinette monoplane, which they built under licence.

They then produced several versions of the Etrich Taube monoplane, as well the Doppeltaube biplane which used the same basic planform. A variety of other biplanes, with more conventional wing planforms were also built and flown.

In 1912, five Albatros F-2 were built. This was a development of the French Farman III biplane (hence the letter F) with a gondola for the crew and an Argus in-line engine instead of the original Gnome Omega rotary engine. Four were sold to Bulgaria where they took an active part in the  1912–1913 Balkan wars.

On October 16, 1912, one of these carried out the first combat mission over Europe.

During World War I, Albatros Flugzeugwerke produced about 10,300 aircraft, including fighters, bombers and reconnaissance aircraft. After the war, production of various civilian types was carried out.

Aircraft

References

External links

 The Virtual Aviation Museum

Aviation history of Berlin
Defunct aircraft manufacturers of Germany
 
Manufacturing companies based in Berlin
Manufacturing companies established in 1909
Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1931
1909 establishments in Germany
1931 disestablishments in Germany
Companies of Prussia
Focke-Achgelis. Focke-Achgelis & Co. G.m.b.H. was a German helicopter company founded in 1937 by Henrich Focke and Gerd Achgelis.

History
Henrich Focke was ousted in 1936 from the Focke-Wulf company, which he had cofounded in 1924, due to shareholder pressure.  There is reason to believe that Focke's removal was to allow Focke-Wulf's manufacturing capacity to be used to produce Bf 109 aircraft. The company was taken over by AEG, but soon after this the Air Ministry, which had been impressed by the Focke-Wulf Fw 61 helicopter, suggested that Focke establish a new company dedicated to helicopter development, and issued him with a requirement for an improved design, capable of carrying a  payload.

Focke established the Focke-Achgelis company at Hoykenkamp, Germany, on 27 April 1937, in partnership with pilot Gerd Achgelis, and began development work at Delmenhorst later that year.

Designs
Focke-Achgelis Fa 223 Drache (Dragon), transport helicopter (20 produced)
Focke-Achgelis Fa 225 rotary wing glider (prototype), 1942
Focke-Achgelis Fa 266 Hornisse (Hornet), helicopter (prototype)
Focke-Achgelis Fa 269, VTOL aircraft (project only)
Focke-Achgelis Fa 284, large transport helicopter (project only)
Focke-Achgelis Fa 325 Krabbe (crab), heavy transport multicopter (project only)
Focke-Achgelis Fa 330 Bachstelze (Wagtail), rotor kite, 1942
Focke-Achgelis Fa 336 scout helicopter (prototype), 1944

See also
List of RLM aircraft designations

References

Bibliography

External links

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of Germany
Helicopter manufacturers of Germany
Defunct helicopter manufacturers of Germany
Chemical species. Chemical species are a specific form of chemical substance or chemically identical molecular entities that have the same molecular energy level at a specified timescale. These entities are classified through bonding types and relative abundance of isotopes. Types of chemical species can be classified based on the type of molecular entity and can be either an atomic, molecular, ionic or radical species.

Classification 
Generally, a chemical species is defined as a chemical identity that has the same set of molecular energy levels in a defined timescale (i.e. an experiment). These energy levels determine the way the chemical species will interact with others through properties such as bonding or isotopic compositions. The chemical species can be an atom, molecule, ion, or radical, with a specific chemical name and chemical formula.

In supramolecular chemistry, chemical species are structures created by forming or breaking bonds between molecules, such as hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole bonds, etc. These types of bonds can determine the physical property of chemical species in a liquid or solid state.

The term is also applied to a set of chemically identical atomic or molecular structures in a solid compound.

Types of Chemical Species 
Atomic species: Specific form of an element defined by the atom's isotope, electronic or oxidation state.  Argon is an atomic species of formula Ar.

Molecular species: Groups of atoms that are held together by chemical bonds. An example is ozone, which has the chemical formula .

Ionic species: Atoms or molecules that have gained or lost electrons, resulting in a net electrical charge that can be either positively (cation) or negatively charged (anion).

 Species with an overall positive charge will be a cationic species. The sodium ion is an example of a cationic species and its formula is Na+.
 Species with an overall negative charge will be an anionic species. Chloride is an anionic species, and its formula is Cl−.

Radical species: Molecules or atoms with unpaired electrons. Triarlborane anion is a radical species and its formula is Ar3B−

Chemicals can be two different types of species. For example, nitrate is a molecular and ionic species, with its formula being NO3−. 

Note that DNA is not a species; the name is generically applied to many molecules of different formulas (each DNA molecule is unique).

See also 
 List of particles

References 

Chemical substances
1,2-Dibromoethane. 1,2-Dibromoethane, also known as ethylene dibromide (EDB), is an organobromine compound with the chemical formula . Although trace amounts occur naturally in the ocean, where it is probably formed by algae and kelp, substantial amounts are produced industrially. It is a dense colorless liquid with a faint, sweet odor, detectable at 10 ppm. It is a widely used and sometimes-controversial fumigant. The combustion of 1,2-dibromoethane produces hydrogen bromide gas that is significantly corrosive.

Preparation and use
It is produced by the reaction of ethylene gas with bromine, in a classic halogen addition reaction:
CH=CH + Br → BrCH–CHBr

Historically, 1,2-dibromoethane was used as a component in anti-knock additives in leaded fuels. It reacts with lead residues to generate volatile lead bromides, thereby preventing fouling of the engine with lead deposits.

Pesticide
It has been used as a pesticide in soil and on various crops.  The applications were initiated after the forced retirement of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP).  Most of these uses have been stopped in the U.S. It continues to be used as a fumigant for treatment of logs for termites and beetles, and for control of moths in beehives.

Reagent
1,2-Dibromoethane has wider applications in the preparation of other organic compounds including those carrying modified diazocine rings and vinyl bromide that is a precursor to some fire retardants.

In organic synthesis, 1,2-dibromoethane is used to brominate carbanions and to activate magnesium for certain Grignard reagents. In the latter process, 1,2-dibromoethane reacts with magnesium, producing ethylene and magnesium bromide, which are innocuous, exposing a more active portion of the magnesium particle to the substrate.

Health effects
1,2-Dibromoethane causes changes in the metabolism and severe destruction of living tissues. The known empirical LD50 values for 1,2-dibromoethane are 140 mg kg−1 (oral, rat), and 300.0 mg kg−1 (dermal, rabbit). 1,2-Dibromoethane is a known carcinogen, with pre-1977 exposure levels ranking it as the most carcinogenic substance on the HERP Index.

The effects on people of breathing high levels are not known, but animal studies with short-term exposures to high levels caused depression and collapse, indicating effects on the brain. Changes in the brain and behavior were also seen in young rats whose male parents had breathed 1,2-dibromoethane, and birth defects were observed in the young of animals that were exposed while pregnant. 1,2-Dibromoethane is not known to cause birth defects in humans. Swallowing has caused death at 40ml doses.

References

External links
 National Pollutant Inventory 1,2-Dibromoethane Fact Sheet
 Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports regarding Ethylene Dibromide
 ATSDR ToxFAQs
 CDC – NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards

Endocrine disruptors
Insecticides
Bromoalkanes
Fumigants
Flame retardants
Hazardous air pollutants
Fuel additives
IARC Group 2A carcinogens
Sweet-smelling chemicals
Weser Flugzeugbau. Weser Flugzeugbau GmbH, known as Weserflug, was an aircraft manufacturing company in Germany.

History
The company was founded in 1934 as a subsidiary of the ship and machine company Deutsche Schiff- und Maschinenbau AG (DESCHIMAG). It began production that year at Berlin Tempelhof, and in Bremen.

In 1935, Dr. Adolf Rohrbach became technical director of a new Weserflug factory at Lemwerder, near Bremen, which opened in 1936. He had been working on ideas for VTOL (Vertical TakeOff and Landing) aircraft since 1933, and now developed them further.

In 1938, the company developed the Weserflug P.1003, a VTOL aircraft. It had 4 m diameter propellers that swivelled between horizontal and vertical, and could fly up to 650 km/h. It requires very complex gearing to tilt the wings without varying the power to the propellers, and therefore was never built.

World War II
During World War II Weserflug had another factory in Liegnitz. It built Ju 188 and Ju 388 bombers, one of which survives in the National Air and Space Museum in Washington, DC.

Perhaps foreseeing the end of the war, the management of Weserflug transferred in 1944 from Berlin to Hoykenkamp, 15 km west of Bremen. It took over buildings previously used by Focke Achgelis.

During 1940-5, Weserflug built 5215 Junkers Ju 87 Stuka planes at Tempelhof. This plant also constructed Fw 190 fighters. Forced labour was used; on 20 April 1944 2,103 of the 4,151 Tempelhof workers were foreign forced labourers.

Ju 86 aircraft were manufactured at Lemwerder.

After the war
At the end of the war, all aircraft production in Germany halted for several years. In 1948 a trustee, Horst Janson, was appointed to collect the assets of Weser AG, to which Weserflug belonged. He was responsible for some postwar reindustrialization in Bremen, such as reactivating the shipbuilding industry, and joined the board of Weser AG. Production of motorized aircraft was forbidden in Germany from 1945 until 1955. In the 1950s the Hoykenkamp area was used for small businesses.

In 1960, while retaining his other commitments to the reindustrialisation of Bremen, Janson became chairman of Weser AG. In 1961, Weserflug joined forces with Focke-Wulf - also of Bremen - and Hamburger Flugzeugbau in the Entwicklungsring Nord (ERNO) to develop rockets. Focke-Wulf and Weserflug formally merged in 1964, becoming Vereinigte Flugtechnische Werke (VFW). Janson retired as chairman of Weser AG in 1969.

Aircraft
 Weserflug We 271
 Weserflug WP 1003

See also
Volksflugzeug

References

Companies based in Bremen (city)
Defunct aircraft manufacturers of Germany
Manufacturing companies based in Bremen (state)
Traceability matrix. In software development, a traceability matrix (TM) is a document, usually in the form of a table, used to assist in determining the completeness of a relationship by correlating any two baselined documents using a many-to-many relationship comparison. It is often used with high-level requirements (these often consist of marketing requirements) and detailed requirements of the product to the matching parts of high-level design, detailed design, test plan, and test cases.

A requirements traceability matrix may be used to check if the current project requirements are being met, and to help in the creation of a request for proposal, software requirements specification, various deliverable documents, and project plan tasks.

Common usage is to take the identifier for each of the items of one document and place them in the left column. The identifiers for the other document are placed across the top row. When an item in the left column is related to an item across the top, a mark is placed in the intersecting cell. The number of relationships are added up for each row and each column. This value indicates the mapping of the two items. Zero values indicate that no relationship exists. It must be determined if a relationship must be made. Large values imply that the relationship is too complex and should be simplified.

To ease the creation of traceability matrices, it is advisable to add the relationships to the source documents for both backward and forward traceability. That way, when an item is changed in one baselined document, it is easy to see what needs to be changed in the other.

Sample traceability matrix

See also

Requirements traceability
Software engineering
List of requirements engineering tools

References

External links
 Bidirectional Requirements Traceability by Linda Westfall
 StickyMinds article: Traceability Matrix by Karthikeyan V
Why Software Requirements Traceability Remains a Challenge by Andrew Kannenberg and Dr. Hossein Saiedian

Software testing
Software requirements
MLDonkey. MLDonkey is an open-source, multi-protocol, peer-to-peer file sharing application that runs as a back-end server application on many platforms. It can be controlled through a user interface provided by one of many separate front-ends, including a Web interface, telnet interface and over a dozen native client programs.

Originally a Linux client for the eDonkey protocol, it now runs on many flavors of Unix-like, OS X, Microsoft Windows and MorphOS and supports numerous peer-to-peer protocols.

It is written in OCaml, with some C and some assembly.

History 
Development of the software began in late 2001. The original developer of MLDonkey is Fabrice Le Fessant from INRIA. It was originally conceived as an effort to spread the use of OCaml in the open source community.

In January 2003, Slyck.com reported brief friction between MLDonkey developers and the official Overnet MetaMachine developers, which denounced MLDonkey as a "rogue client", allegedly for incorrect behavior on the network.

Versions before 3.0 have a known security vulnerability that allows an attacker with access to the web interface to read any file on the file system.

Features 
Features of MLdonkey core:
 Peer to peer (p2p) program that supports the following network protocols, either partially or completely:
 FastTrack (Kazaa)
 eDonkey network (with Overnet and Kad network)
 BitTorrent (with Mainline DHT)
 Direct Connect
 HTTP/FTP
 Multiple control interfaces: telnet, web interface, third party GUIs.

Written in the OCaml programming language and licensed under the GPL-2.0-or-later license, the application separates the user interface (which can be a web browser, telnet, or a third-party GUI application) and the code that interacts with the peer-to-peer networks.

MLDonkey is able to connect simultaneously to different peers using different network protocols. In addition it can download and merge parts of one file from different network protocols although this feature is currently documented as experimental. MLDonkey runs in a terminal session and does not require a GUI environment, saving memory and processing resources. Behavior is controlled by editable configuration files, or—in a more user friendly fashion—from a separate user interface.

From release 2.9.0 (2007) on, support for gnutella and G2 are no longer compiled in by default as both plugins are buggy and currently unmaintained; however, it is still possible to compile them in by making the appropriate setting in the configuration file.

See also 

 Comparison of eDonkey software
 Comparison of BitTorrent clients

References 

General references

Frontends 
 P2P-GUI (web interface)
 Onager (Palm OS)
 Sancho
 MuleDroid - Interface Android

External links 
  
 New development at GitHub 
 Bug tracker

2001 software
BitTorrent clients for Linux
Cross-platform software
DC clients for Linux
EDonkey Clients for Linux
File sharing software
Free BitTorrent clients
Free file sharing software
Free software programmed in C
Free software programmed in OCaml