omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Hult Healey. Hult Healey was a make of kit cars in Sweden started when Mats Svanberg from Hult saw an Austin-Healey (100 or 3000) and fell in love with it. In the 1970s he bought one and in 1981 it was due for a renovation and he wanted to make a replica of the competition Austin-Healey, but without ruining his original car, so he decided to build a copy. He called in his friend Lennart Waerme to help him. The chassis was based on the original, but used engine, gearbox, front end and rear axle from a 1972 Volvo 142. To make this possible the car had to be made 14 cm wider than the original. The Hult Healey, as it was known, was first registered in the late summer of 1984. They also started to make kits based on their design. Up to 1990 they had made and sold 35 kit cars, and four complete cars.

In 1987 they made an update Mk2 model with a more racing design using a Volvo B23 engine giving . The body weighed just . Only three Mk2 Hult Healys were made.

References 
 
 

Kit car manufacturers
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of Sweden
Portable Database Image. The Portable Database Image, also known as .pdi file, is a proprietary loss-less format designed for analytics, publishing and syndication of complex data.  The .pdi format, generation process, and GUI, were invented by Dr. Reimar Hofmann and Dr. Michael Haft from Siemens AG Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning.

The .pdi footprint is typically 100 to 1000 times smaller than the footprint normally found in structured data files or database systems, and is rendered without any loss of detail.   The word portable in the name derives from the idea that the smaller footprint allows a .pdi runs in the main memory of a user's’ computer without disk or network input/output (IO). 

The .pdi is a digitally rights protected, encrypted data source that can be accessed by any ODBO (OLE DB for OLAP) compliant OLAP tool, including Microsoft Excel  and the Panoratio's Explorer GUI.

The .pdi presents detailed discrete or binned data without pre-calculation or cardinality reduction.  It allows for real-time correlation and relationship exploration of unrestricted bounds — throughout all dimensions.  They (.pdi’s) have been tested in excess of 5,000 dimensions and 500 million rows of information, with query response times in the .1 to 8 second range.

Additionally, because of patented techniques used in .pdi generation, patterns found in the data are summarily exposed, allowing for instant predictive and descriptive data mining.  Yield optimizations, segmentation, outcome optimizations and simulations are all dynamically supported by the .pdi format.  Users are constantly presented with the most changed and most highly correlated dimensions affected in every query as discovered in the patterns of the historical data.

External links
 Panoratio web site. Panoratio provides the PDI related software.
 About PDI at computerworld.com

Journalism
Computer file formats
CLEAN. CLEAN may refer to: 

 Component Validator for Environmentally Friendly Aero Engine
 CLEAN (algorithm), a computational algorithm used in astronomy to perform a deconvolution on dirty images
 Commonwealth Law Enforcement Assistance Network, a system used by law enforcement and other criminal justice agencies in Pennsylvania which interfaces NCIC, Penndot and other sources beneficial to law enforcement personnel. Operated by the Pennsylvania State Police.
 Cryogenic Low-Energy Astrophysics with Noble gases, a liquid argon dark matter detector under construction at SNOLAB.

See also
 Clean (disambiguation)
Jigawa ethanol programme. The Jigawa ethanol program is a program to produce ethanol from agricultural products in Jigawa, Nigeria. The ethanol programme was initiated by the Nigerian President, Olusegun Obasanjo, to process sugarcane into biofuel. Besides sugarcane, the Nigerian Government plans to start processing cassava as well.

Objective of the program 
The ethanol programme initiated by President Olusegun Obasanjo would be gradually introduced into the Premium Motor Spirit (PMS) or petrol to a maximum of 10 per cent as being practised in countries like the United States, Brazil and Thailand. The programme was introduced to diversify the depleting source of energy and reduce the environmental pressure and the adverse effect of fossil fuels like oil, coal and gas in the country. It would also serve as alternate source of energy.

References

External links

Jigawa to flag off ethanol programme, Vanguard, January 30, 2006
FG to make use of ethanol in fuel compulsory, Business Day,  September 8, 2006
 United Nations Environment Programme 2006 
Nigeria to create 1 million jobs in biofuels sector Biopact, April 7, 2006
Nigeria will use Brazilian blueprint to found its new biofuels industry Ecoworld, July 7, 2006
Natural Resources Incorporated homepage of the company investing in the project.

Ethanol fuel
Agriculture in Nigeria
Biofuel in Nigeria
Temporal analysis of products. Temporal Analysis of Products (TAP), (TAP-2), (TAP-3) is an experimental technique for studying
the kinetics of physico-chemical interactions 
between gases and complex solid materials, primarily heterogeneous catalysts. 
The TAP methodology is based on short pulse-response experiments at low background pressure (10−6-102 Pa), 
which are used to probe different steps in a catalytic process on the surface of a 
porous material including diffusion, adsorption, 
surface reactions, and desorption.

History 

Since its invention by Dr. John T. Gleaves (then at Monsanto Company) in late 1980s, 
TAP has been used to study a variety of industrially and academically relevant catalytic reactions, bridging the gap between surface science
experiments and applied catalysis. 
The state-of-the-art TAP installations (TAP-3) do not only provide better signal-to-noise ratio than the first generation TAP machines (TAP-1),
but also allow for advanced automation and direct coupling with other techniques.

Hardware 

TAP instrument consists of a heated packed-bed microreactor connected to a high-throughput vacuum system, 
a pulsing manifold with fast electromagnetically-driven gas injectors, and a Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer (QMS) 
located in the vacuum system below the micro-reactor outlet.

Experiments 

In a typical TAP pulse-response experiment, very small (~10−9 mol) and narrow (~100 μs) gas pulses are introduced into the evacuated (~10−6 torr) microreactor
containing a catalytic sample. While the injected gas molecules traverse the microreactor packing through the interstitial voids,
they encounter the catalyst on which they may undergo chemical transformations. Unconverted and newly formed gas molecules eventually
reach the reactor's outlet and escape into an adjacent vacuum chamber, where they are detected with millisecond time resolution
by the QMS. The exit-flow rates of reactants, products and inert molecules recorded by the QMS are then
used to quantify catalytic properties and deduce reaction mechanisms. The same TAP instrument can
typically accommodate other types of kinetic measurements, including atmospheric pressure flow experiments (105 Pa), 
Temperature-Programmed Desorption (TPD), and Steady-State Isotopic Transient Kinetic Analysis (SSITKA).

Data analysis 

The general methodology of TAP data analysis, developed in a series of papers by Grigoriy (Gregory) Yablonsky 
 
 
, 
is based on comparing an inert gas response which is controlled only by Knudsen diffusion 
with a reactive gas response which is controlled by diffusion as well as adsorption and chemical reactions on the catalyst sample.
TAP pulse-response experiments can be effectively modeled by a one-dimensional (1D) diffusion equation with uniquely simple combination of boundary conditions.

References 

Inorganic reactions
Maritime simulator. A maritime simulator or ship simulator is a system that simulates ships and maritime environments for training, research and other purposes. Today, simulator training given by maritime schools and academies is part of the basic training of maritime professionals.

At minimum, a maritime simulator consists of a software that realistically simulates the dynamic behavior of a vessel and its systems in a simulated maritime environment and an interface that allows the person using the simulator to control the vessel and interact with its simulated surroundings. In case of so-called full mission bridge simulators, this interface consists of a realistic mock-up of the vessel's bridge and control consoles, and screens or projectors providing up to 360-degree virtual view of the ship's surroundings similar to flight simulators in the aviation industry. Without the real-time visualization, the simulation software can also be used for "fast time" simulations where the vessels are controlled by autopilot. In addition, there are maritime simulators for example for ECDIS, engine room, and cargo handling operations, as well as shore-side operations such as Vessel Traffic Service (VTS).

Maritime simulation games such as Ship Simulator and Virtual Sailor are also available for home users.

See also 
 Simulation

References 

Virtual reality
Training ships
Maritime education
Ayanami-class destroyer. The Ayanami class was a destroyer class built for the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF) in the late 1950s. The primary purpose was anti-submarine warfare, so this class was classified as "DDK" (hunter-killer anti-submarine destroyer) unofficially.

Design
This class adopted a "long forecastle" design with inclined afterdeck called "Holland Slope", named after the scenic sloping street in Nagasaki City. Their steam turbine propulsion systems were similar to the ones of the , but they varied between each ship in the class as part of the JMSDF's attempt to find the best propulsion system for its future surface combatants.

The Ayanami class were the first JMSDF vessels equipped with six 3-inch/50 caliber Mark 22 guns with Mark 33 dual mounts and Mark 32 lightweight torpedoes with two Mark 2 over-the-side launchers. 3-inch guns were controlled by two Mark 63 GFCSs.

All seven vessels names had previously been borne by ships of the World War II-era  and  classes.

Notes

References

 
Destroyer classes
JDS Akebono (DE-201). JDS Akebono (DE-201) was a destroyer escort (or frigate) of the Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force. Akebono was one of the first indigenous Japanese warships to be built following World War II. Akebono was laid down in 1954 as a steam turbine powered "B type" ASW escort, the only ship of its class, for comparison with two similar diesel powered ships, the s. Akebono entered service in 1956 and remained in use until 1976.

Design and construction
The Japanese Marine Safety Force (later to become the Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force) authorised the purchase of three "B type" escort vessels as part of the Financial Year 1953 programme. Of the three ships, two of which were to be powered by diesel engines (the Ikazuchi class) and the third by steam turbines, to be called Akebono.

The equipment of the three escorts was similar, with two American  guns, four 40 mm Bofors guns, a Hedgehog anti-submarine projector and eight K-gun depth charge launchers. Akebono had a twin-shaft machinery installation, with geared steam turbines producing  which could propel the ship at a top speed of  compared with the  of the less powerful Ikazuchi class.

Akebono was laid down at the Ishikawajima Tokyo shipyard on 10 December 1954. She was launched on 15 October 1955 and completed on 20 March 1956.

Operations
Akebono was re-armed in March 1958, when her original 3-inch guns were replaced by more modern, autoloading 3 inch guns, with 1 Bofors gun, four K-guns also removed. Akebono was discarded in 1976.

Notes

Citations

References

Blackman, Raymond V. B. Jane's Fighting Ships 1960–61. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Co., 1960.
Gardiner, Robert and Stephen Chumbley. Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995. Annapolis, Maryland, USA: Naval Institute Press, 1995. .

Frigate classes
1955 ships
Akebono
Ships built by IHI Corporation
Ikazuchi-class destroyer escort. The  was a destroyer escort (or frigate) class built for the Coastal Safety Force (later Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force, JMSDF) in the late 1950s.

In the FY1953, the Japanese government ordered three destroyer escorts,  and this class. These vessels were the first indigenous post-World War II Japanese destroyer escorts, but their propulsion systems were different because the JMSDF tried to find the best way in the propulsion systems of future surface combatants. Akebono was a steam-powered vessel, but this class was diesel-powered vessels.

So equipment of this class were almost the same as those of Akebono, with two American 3"/50 caliber Mark 21 guns (or Type 54, the Japanese version) with two Mark 22 single mounts controlled by Mark 51 director each, two Bofors 40 mm anti-aircraft guns in a dual mount, a Hedgehog anti-submarine mortar and eight K-gun depth charge throwers. And in 1959, all Mark 21 guns were replaced by Mark 22 rapid-fire guns with Mark 34 single mounts and Mark 63 GFCS was introduced in exchange of the reduction of Bofors 40 mm guns.

This class had a twin-shaft machinery installation with two diesel engines (6,000ps each). This propulsion system was less powerful than the steam turbine machinery of Akebono, but it was able to propel the ship at a top speed of  still. The JMSDF appreciated the lower cost of maintenance of machinery of this class, so every Japanese destroyer escorts adopted diesel propulsion system until the period of gas turbine powered vessels.

Ships

References 

 
Frigate classes
Frigates of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force
Isuzu-class destroyer escort. The Isuzu-class destroyer escorts  were four destroyer escorts (or frigates) built for the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF) in the early 1960s. The latter two (Kitakami and Ōi) were quite different from the earlier two vessels in their propulsion and weaponry, so sometimes they were classified as the "Kitakami class".

This class was the first JMSDF surface combatant adopted shelter-deck design. Propulsion systems varied in each vessels because the JMSDF tried to find the best way in the propulsion systems of future DEs. The design concept of this class and the CODAD propulsion system of the Kitakami class became prototype of them of the latter DEs and DDKs such as  and .

The gun system was a scale-down version of the , four 3-inch/50-caliber Mark 22 guns with two Mark 33 dual mounts controlled by a Mark 63 GFCS. Main air-search radar was a OPS-2, Japanese variant of the American AN/SPS-12.

In the earlier batch, the main anti-submarine warfare (ASW) armament was a Mk.108 Weapon Alpha. The JMSDF desired this American brand-new ASW rocket launcher earnestly, but then, it became clear that it was not as good as it was supposed to be. So in the latter batch, it was changed with a M/50, Swedish 375 mm quadruple ASW rocket launcher. Later, the Weapon Alpha of the earlier batch was also replaced by a Type 71, Japanese version of the M/50.

Ships

References
 

 
Frigate classes
Frigates of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force
JS Ishikari. JS Ishikari (DE-226) was the first destroyer escort with a gas turbine engine and surface-to-surface missiles of the Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force. She is the successor of the earlier . Entering service in 1981, she remained active until 2007 when she was decommissioned.

Design
At first, this ship was planned to belong to the new ship classification, PCE (Patrol Coastal ships, Escort) to replace small submarine chasers and old destroyer escorts with limited anti-submarine warfare (ASW) capability against new nuclear-powered submarines. But finally, it was decided to change her classification to the ordinary destroyer escort. This class is quite epoch-making for the destroyer escorts of the JMSDF as follows:

The CODOG propulsion system. This was the first ship with the gas turbine engine in the JMSDF. The Rolls-Royce Olympus TM-3B manufactured by the Kawasaki Heavy Industries under license was used for boosting. The cruising engine is the Kawaksaki 6DRV 35/44 diesel engine developed by the Technical Research and Development Institute (TRDI).

The centre-superstructure style. Whereas the JMSDF was inclined to adopt the flush decker style, in this ship, the superstructure is at the center of the ship to save space. This was a very controversial decision, and because of this decision, there has been criticisms about the oceangoing capability of this ship.

The simplified but sufficient C4ISR system was installed aboard the ship. The design was not equipped with air-search radar unlike her predecessors. Alternatively she had the OPS-28 surface search and target acquisition radar which could deal with low-altitude aircraft and missiles. The FCS-2 gun fire-control system also had air-searching capability. As the tactical data processing system, she had the OYQ-5 being capable of receiving data automatically from other ships via Link-14 (STANAG 5514; the data link with the Radioteletype).

The design also had a brand-new weapon systems. The Ishikari design was equipped with eight Boeing Harpoon surface-to-surface missiles as the key weapon system whereas traditional Japanese frigates were specialized in anti-submarine warfare. According to this mission concept, its predecessor's Mark 16 GMLS for the ASROC system was removed. A modern Otobreda 76 mm gun replaced its predecessor's older 3-inch gun and automation greatly reduced the number of crew needed.

Construction and history
The ship was built at the Mitsui Shipbuilding & Engineering Tamano office at Tamano, Okayama. She was commissioned on 28 March 1981, and was deployed at the Ominato District Force (home-ported at Mutsu, Aomori). The Ominato District is the northernmost district of the JMSDF and forefront against the Russian Pacific Fleet. It was decided that Ishikari was too small to continue production, so the vessel was succeeded by the  two years later.

Gallery

References
 
 Jane's Fighting Ships 2005-2006

Frigates of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force
Ships built by Mitsui Engineering and Shipbuilding
1980 ships
Frigates of the Cold War
Abukuma-class destroyer escort. The Abukuma-class destroyer escort (or frigate) () is the general-purpose destroyer escort of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF). It is the successor of the earlier . They are being replaced by the s.

Design
This class was planned to replace the earlier  and possess both anti-submarine warfare (ASW) capability, as the successor of the , and anti-surface warfare (ASuW) capability, as the successor of the Yūbari class, but there are many enhancements, as follows below.

Introduction of stealth technology
This class is the first combatant ship of the JMSDF with stealth technology. Their superstructure has traditional vertical surfaces, but their hulls are angled to reduce their radar cross section.

Electronic warfare
This is the first destroyer escort class with the Naval Tactical Data System and OYQ-7 combat direction system. It is also the first destroyer escort class which has ECM capability - with the OLT-3 jammer.

Weapon systems
The Short Range Air Defense system comprises the OPS-14 air-search radar, the OPS-28 surface search and target acquisition radar, one Otobreda 76 mm rapid-firing gun, controlled by the FCS-2 fire-control system, and a Phalanx CIWS. The OPS-14 is the Japanese equivalent of the American AN/SPS-49 radar, and the OPS-28 is the equivalent of the American TAS Mk.23. Phalanx CIWS has given the ships an improved, self-defence capability against anti-ship missiles. Mk.31 RAM GMWS Point Defense Missile System was planned, but it is not installed yet.

The ASW system comprises an OQS-8 hull-sonar (Japanese equivalent of the American DE-1167), ASROC anti-submarine rocket from the Type 74 octuple launcher (Japanese license-built version of the American Mark 16 GMLS), and lightweight ASW torpedoes from two HOS-301 triple  torpedo tubes. A tactical, towed-array sonar system was planned, but it is not installed yet.

The JMSDF intended to build eleven ships of this class, but, finally, only six were built because s started deploying in distinct forces. All six vessels in this class are named after Japanese rivers.

Ships in the class

See also
 List of naval ship classes in service

Notes

References

 Jane's Fighting Ships 2005-2006
 

 
Frigates of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force
Frigate classes
Toledo Technology Academy. 

Background 
Toledo Technology Academy of Engineering is a public high school located in Toledo, Ohio. It is part of the Toledo Public Schools. It is located in the former DeVilbiss High School. Many students from surrounding suburban school districts, as well as private schools attend TTAE  Toledo Technology Academy students study manufacturing engineering technology integrated with an academic environment. TTA is a magnet school focusing on a manufacturing engineering technology curriculum. TTA offers an academic foundation, four years of science, mathematics, language arts, and three years of social studies education.

Track record 

TTA began as a two-year program within a traditional high school. In 1997, a collaborative partnership was formed with the school system, teaching and administrative unions, area businesses and the United Auto Workers, and a four-year high school was opened. What was found at that time continues to be true today.  Technology, manufacturing, and engineering continue to be one of Toledo's largest opportunities for growth. Our small and large manufacturers continually express an ongoing need for well-trained, high-quality, entry-level employees in trade, technical and engineering positions. Increasingly, these entry-level workers need more advanced high tech skills in addition to higher-level thinking/reasoning skills and teamwork experiences. Currently, 75% of the persons applying and/or interviewed for these positions are not qualified. Nationally and regionally schools are preparing only about 30% of this needed workforce. This information was gathered at the National Skill Standards Board meetings and continues to be true.

The mission of the original project was as follows: To support a four-year high school technical program related to Manufacturing Engineering Technology within Toledo Public School Systems known as the Toledo Technology Academy (TTA). TTA's instructional system uses project-based learning, allowing the students to have maximum decision-making responsibility. Skills are taught to support this process and technology is used to support all instruction. TTA provides a complete academic complement of courses for graduation and college entry. Weekly common planning meetings are held to incorporate and integrate instruction. Where appropriate, the academic course content is related to the manufacturing curriculum and vice versa.

Tech Fusion Team 279
Tech Fusion Team 279 is the FIRST Robotics team located at Toledo Technology Academy. It is open to all Toledo Public Schools students. The team is sponsored by Dana Holding Corporation in Maumee, Ohio. Team 279 had accomplished major achievements in the 21st century.

References

External links

 District Website
 School Website

High schools in Toledo, Ohio
Public high schools in Ohio
Magnet schools in Ohio