omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
WWW Interactive Multipurpose Server. The WWW Interactive Multipurpose Server (WIMS) (sometimes referred to as WWW Interactive Mathematics Server) project is designed for supporting intensive mathematical exercises via the Internet or in a computer-equipped classroom with server-side interactivity, accessible at the address http://wims.unice.fr.

The system has the following main features:
A modular design allowing applications and software interfaces to be created and maintained independently from each other.
Features interfaces for software including MuPAD, PARI/GP, Gnuplot, POV-Ray, Co.
Dynamic rendering of mathematical formulas and animated graphics.
A structure of virtual classes, including mechanisms for automatic score gathering and processing.

The program is open source and freely available under the GNU General Public Licence, however each WIMS module has its own copyright policy, which may differ from that of the server program.

It is often cited and linked for its sophisticated "online calculator" tools capable of generating animated GIFs of parametric 2D or 3D graphs or allowing prime tests with very large numbers.

Author 
Xiao Gang was a professor at University of Nice Sophia Antipolis. He was interested in solar energy and algebraic geometry. He was also the active site manager of the WIMS of the university he worked for. Xiao Gang died on June 27, 2014.

Xiao Gang taught himself during the Up to the Mountains and Down to the Countryside Movement. He obtained his master's degree from the University of Science and Technology of China. Xiao obtained his Ph.D. degree from University of Paris-Sud in 1984. Xiao Gang returned to China and became a lecturer at East China Normal University. He was promoted to professor in 1986, and was awarded the Shiing-Shen Chern Prize in Mathematics in 1991. In 1992, Xiao became a professor at University of Nice Sophia Antipolis.

External links 
 English WIMS at wims.unice.fr  - The WIMS of the University of Nice Sophia Antipolis in France, the most popular WIMS  for it was the first one and is hosted at the creator's university.
 WIMS at wims.ac-nice.fr - The WIMS of the Académie de Nice - One of the few featuring a redesigned skin.
 English WIMS help 
 List of WIMS Servers/Mirrors at Université Paris-Saclay
 "WIMS A server for interactive mathematics on the internet" - Paper on WIMS by XIAO, Gang written in 1999
 WIMS download page
 Interface to the Direc exec WIMS module - This gives direct code access to many other WIMS modules (e.g. the POV-Ray renderer or a C compiler).
 A list of frequent citers of unice.fr WIMS modules (some Wikipedia articles)
 List of the online calculators available sorted by popularity.
 WIMS EDU association site.

References 

Servers (computing)
Auguste de Méritens. Baron Auguste de Méritens was a French electrical engineer of the 19th century.

He was born in 1834.

He is best known for his work on magneto generators, particularly those used for arc lighting and lighthouses. Similar magneto generators had been produced earlier by Nollet; de Méritens' innovation was to replace the rotor coils previously wound on individual bobbins, with a 'ring wound' armature. These windings were wound on a segmented iron core, similar to a Gramme ring, so as to form a single continuous hoop. This gave a more even output current, which was advantageous for use with arc lamps.

In 1881 he was awarded a French patent for the first arc welding process. This used a carbon electrode to generate an arc to the workpiece. The process achieved relatively low temperatures and was not successful with steel. However it was widely used commercially, for welding lead plates to manufacture storage batteries. De Méritens produced this welding equipment with an enclosed hood and fume extraction pipe, to control the hazardous lead oxide fumes from the hot lead.

He poisoned himself after having run bankrupt at Eragny-sur-Oise in the last days of October 1898.

Patents 
 10 April 1878, French patent no. 123,766 (improved magneto-electric generator).
 17 September 1878, British patent no. 3,658 (improved magneto-electric generator).
 1881, French patent (electric arc welding)

Further reading 
  (a description of the original de Meritens machine).
  (a report on machines in service).

References 

19th-century French inventors
French electrical engineers
1834 births
1898 deaths
1890s suicides
Suicides by poison
Suicides in Paris
Product intelligence. Product intelligence is defined as an automated system for gathering and analyzing intelligence about the performance of a product being designed and manufactured, such that this data is automatically fed back to the product managers and engineers designing the product, to assist them in the development of the next iteration or version of that product. The goal of product intelligence is to accelerate the rate of product innovation, thereby making the product and its owners more competitive and increasing customer satisfaction. Product intelligence is often applied to electronic products, but it is not necessarily limited to electronic products.

Key points of this definition:
 Product intelligence is a separate concept from artificial intelligence.
 The focus is on the gathering of product performance, quality and test data.
 There is an automated process for gathering information and converting it into intelligence.
 The purpose of the exercise is to use the product intelligence to create the next, improved iteration or version of the product.

Product intelligence can also include two additional functions:
 An automated process for synchronizing all manufacturing locations involved in producing the product, so that production of the new version can begin immediately. This is typically accomplished by pushing product and test specification software to all the test stations in the manufacturing pipeline over a network or web connection. This accelerates the product's time-to-market.
 The automatic enforcement of quality manufacturing processes to ensure that products are manufactured correctly, according to the precise specifications of the product designers. This ensures quality and consistency across many manufacturing sites.

References

See also
Product planning

 
Market research
Hardware testing
Rainbow Aerotrike. The Rainbow Aerotrike is a family of South African two-seat ultralight trikes, made by Rainbow Aircraft of Edenvale, Gauteng and available in kit form for amateur construction or fully assembled. The type has been noted for its long-distance flights.

Design and development
The current Aerotrike series comprises two variants of the same basic design, the Scout and Cobra. Both share the same basic design, including the two-seat carriage frame, suspension, steering and folding inverted "V" mast assembly. The Scout is equipped minimally, while the Cobra has many options as standard equipment, including a cockpit pod fairing, windshield, instrument panel, saddle bags and wheel pants.

Both models require 30–40 hours to assemble from the supplied kit.

Operational history
The Aerotrike series were the choice of Mike Blyth for his record long-distance flights. The first in 1995 was from Cape Town, South Africa to North Cape, Norway a distance of  and the second was an around-the-world flight of .

Variants
Cobra
Fully equipped version with full cockpit fairing. Standard engine is  Rotax 912UL four-stroke with the  Rotax 912ULS optional. It was previously available with the  Rotax 582 two-stroke powerplant. The standard wing is the Aeros Stream 16.2, with the Aeros Proto 15.5 and La Mouette wings as optional. Standard fuel is . Still in production, 70 had been completed and flown by 2005.
Naked Cobra
Cobra trike, but without the cockpit fairing included, making the aircraft lighter and less expensive.
Safari
Very basic model without cockpit fairing. Standard engine is  Rotax 503  with the  Rotax 582 two-stroke optional. When it was still in production the  Rotax 618 was available. The standard wing is the Aerotrike Spirit 14.8. Out of production, 45 had been completed and flown as of 2000.
Scout
Basic-equipped version without cockpit fairing, but with suspension. Standard engine is  Rotax 503  with the  Rotax 582 two-stroke or  HKS 700E four-stroke engine optional. When it was still in production the  Rotax 618 was available as well. The standard wing is the Aerotrike Spirit 14.8, with the Aerotrike Spirit 16.2, La-Mouette Ghost 12.9, La Mouette Ghost 14.9 and La-Mouette Chronos 16 wings as optional. Standard fuel is . Still in production, 45 had been completed and flown as of 2000.
Spirit
Fully equipped version with full cockpit fairing. Standard engine is  Rotax 582 two-stroke. Standard fuel is . No longer in production.

Specifications (Scout with Spirit 14.8 wing)

See also

References

External links

1990s South African ultralight aircraft
Ultralight trikes
HP Integral PC. The HP Integral PC (or HP 9807A) is a portable UNIX workstation computer system produced by Hewlett-Packard, launched in 1985 at a price of £5450. It utilizes the Motorola 68000 microprocessor (running at 8 MHz) and ran the HP-UX 1.0 operating system.

Hardware 

The Integral PC is a mains-powered portable computer with a 9-inch amber electroluminescent display with a resolution of 512×255 pixels or 80×25 characters (the 256th line of the display is not used). It also incorporated a 710 kB  3.5" floppy disk drive and an HP ThinkJet ink-jet printer. Standard memory capacity was 256 KB ROM plus 512 KB RAM, expandable to 7.5 MB. Expansion slots and an HP-IB bus were also included. The mechanical design was based on the ideas of the de facto standard HP-85.

Within the Integral PC CPU, RAM, ROM, memory management, I/O buffering, system timing and keyboard interface are integrated on a single logic-board. All peripheral units and the 14 connections are built using independent boards. Each board is smaller than a letter sized sheet. To make it easier to check the boards, each board contains an own timer. The I/O-board (with two connections for optional addons), the keyboard-interface, the "Human Interface Link" HP-HIL and the power supply can be checked and tested independently.

The graphics processor of the Integral PC (GPU) was custom made and could drive an electroluminescence display or nearly every kind of monitor. The processor provides a graphical subsystem which is simple to use to drive a bitmapped display (32 KB display memory). The GPU is able to draw lines, rectangles and alphanumerical characters by hardware. Additionally it provides a hardware cursor and the display-RAM-interface.

The electroluminescence-display was based on thin-film-technique developed by HP and other companies.

Software 
The Integral PC is unusual in that the HP-UX operating system kernel resided in the ROM, which also included the HP Windows graphical user interface and the Personal Applications Manager (PAM). HP-UX commands and utilities were supplied separately on floppy disk, with separate disks for standard Unix commands (including the C shell), utilities, diagnostics and system programming resources. There was an add on ROM that provides HP-BASIC. Using the ROM, the Integral PC was ready to run BASIC simply by switching on the system.

See also 
 HP Roman-8 (character set)

References 

Integral PC
68k-based computers
Firecracker welding. Firecracker welding is a rarely used form of shielded metal arc welding (SMAW).

A flux-coated electrode, as used for SMAW (manual stick welding), is laid horizontally above a close-fitting butt weld. An arc is struck at one end of the electrode, which then burns along the length of the electrode. The electrode is held in place by either copper blocks, clamps or adhesive tape.

Process 
Manual metal arc welding is relatively slow, as much time is spent stopping to fit new electrodes and to clean slag before restarting. Firecracker welding allows a weld the entire length of an electrode to be welded in one pass, without pausing. Extra-long electrodes may be used to increase the length that may be welded in one pass, up to 72 inches (1.8 meters).

The need to clean slag from a manual weld before restarting increases the risk of accidental slag inclusion in the finished weld. This risk is avoided through the use of firecracker welding. As the electrode position is also constant relative to the weld, the risk of porosity is also reduced, to the level of a skilled welder. The process is also suitable for use in areas with limited access. Once started it continues automatically, without needing enough space for a skilled welder with sight of the weld.

One drawback is that the size of the bead deposited is limited by the cross-section of the electrode, as there is no scope for manually weaving the arc to deposit more rod in less weld length. For this reason, the flux coating often contains iron powder, to give additional deposition. The rod coating is generally the same as for manual arc, with no change being required. Experiments have been conducted where the coating was thinned on the side in contact with the workpiece, although this does not seem to show a great advantage.

History of application 
The process was developed in Austria in 1938 by Georg Hafergut. The process was known as Elin-Hafergut welding.

The process, with its suitability for long welds in flat sheet was recognised as being useful for shipbuilding  and bridgebuilding and has been studied specifically for these applications.

Advantages and disadvantages

Advantages 
 The process is semi-automated 
 The equipment required is simple and cheap, the same as for manual arc.
 Welding is quicker than manual arc, as electrode changing is reduced.
 Porosity and slag inclusion of the finished weld is reduced, as electrode positioning is consistent and accurate.
 The process can be applied in inaccessible areas, with poor visibility, and with less operator skill.

Disadvantages 
 The one-pass bead is limited in cross section to that of the original electrode, i.e. there is no opportunity for weaving. Multiple passes are not generally used.
 The process is limited to straight welds in horizontal position.

See also 
 Yablochkov candle

References 

Arc welding
Weld-On. Weld-On is a division of IPS Corporation, a manufacturer of solvent cements, primers, and cleaners for PVC, CPVC, and ABS plastic piping systems. Weld-On products are commonly used for joining plastic pipes and fittings. Weld-On also manufactures specialty products from repair adhesives for leaking pipes, pipe thread sealants / joint compounds, to test plugs for pipeline pressure testing. Their products are most commonly utilized in the irrigation, industrial, pool & spa, electrical conduit, and plumbing industries.

Headquartered in California, Weld-On has operations throughout the United States, as well as in China, and a worldwide network of sales representatives and distributors.

History 
1954: Weld-On founded and established as a division of IPS Corporation.
1955: Weld-On developed the first clear, reactive acrylic adhesive that met U.S. Department of Defense military specification (MIL-SPEC) for use on aircraft canopies
1958: IPS Corporation began endorsing the solvent welding technique, a type of plastic welding, and patented Weld-On solvent cement for use on plastic pipe and fittings.
1978: Weld-On developed and released color-match acrylic adhesive for bonding solid surface countertops.
1992: Weld-On formulated and introduced the first low volatile organic compound (VOC) emission solvent cement in response to growing air quality concerns.
1997: Weld-On 724 was introduced as the first high-strength solvent cement for chemical resistant CPVC plastic joints in the market and formulated for use in a variety of harsh chemical applications such as hypochlorites, acids and caustics. 
1999: Weld-On began offering environmentally-responsible, all low-VOC solvent cements, primers and cleaners, and began phasing out regular VOC products.

References

Cement
Piping
Plumbing
Manufacturing companies based in California
American companies established in 1954
Manufacturing companies established in 1954
Companies based in Los Angeles County, California
Compton, California
Gunnar Vatten. Gunnar Vatten (9 August 1927 – 20 July 2011) was a Norwegian engineer and civil servant.

He was born in Bodø, and took the siv.ing. degree in electrical engineering in Denmark. He was employed in the Norwegian Water Resources and Electricity Agency from 1953 to 1955, and then worked as a consultant in Nordland County Municipality before working for the Western Electric Company in Oklahoma.

He returned to Norway and was the director of electricity in the agency from 1971 to 1978. He was then a deputy under-secretary of state in the Norwegian Ministry of Petroleum and Energy from 1978 to 1985. When Statkraft was split from the Water Resources and Electricity Agency in 1986, Vatten became the chief executive officer. He left on 1 March 1992 and was replaced by Lars Uno Thulin. He was the chair of Kommunekraft from 1993.

He resided in Nesodden Municipality, was married and had children. He died in July 2011.

References

1927 births
2011 deaths
People from Bodø
People from Nesodden
Norwegian expatriates in Denmark
Norwegian expatriates in the United States
Norwegian engineers
Norwegian civil servants
Norwegian businesspeople
Statkraft people
Asbjørn Vinjar. Asbjørn Gudbrand Vinjar (16 November 1925 – 25 January 2019) was a Norwegian engineer and civil servant.

Life and career
Vinjar graduated with the siv.ing. degree from the Norwegian Institute of Technology in 1952. He spent his career in the Norwegian Water Resources and Electricity Agency. He headed the electricity department from 1962 to 1978 and was the director of the electricity and energy from 1978 to 1990. It was renamed to the Water Resources and Energy Agency in 1986  after Statkraft was split out. Vinjar died on 25 January 2019, at the age of 93.

References

1925 births
2019 deaths
Norwegian Institute of Technology alumni
20th-century Norwegian engineers
20th-century Norwegian civil servants
Ralphie (satellite). Ralphie (or 3CS-2) was a satellite, part of the Three Corner Satellite (3CS) project, a three satellite (Sparkie, Ralphie, Petey) student research project. It was designed and built by mostly undergraduate students at the University of Colorado Boulder as part of the Air Force Research Laboratory's University Nanosat Program.

Ralphie was responsible for imaging and End-to-End Data Systems in the 3CS project.

The satellite carries the name of CU Boulder's mascot, Ralphie.

Ralphie was launched on the first launch of the Delta IV Heavy rocket configuration, along with 3CS-1, "Sparkie", but failed to achieve orbit due to a problem with the rocket during launch.

See also 
 Petey (satellite)
 Sparkie (satellite)

References

External links 
 ASU satellite prepares for tests, launch

Spacecraft launched in 2004
Spacecraft launched by Delta IV rockets
Satellite launch failures
Sparkie (satellite). Sparkie (or 3CS-1) was a satellite, part of the Three Corner Satellite (3CS) project, a three satellite (Sparkie, Ralphie and Petey) student research project. It was designed and built by mostly undergraduate students at the Arizona State University as part of the Air Force Research Laboratory's University Nanosat Program.

Sparky was responsible for structure, power and the attitude system in the 3CS project.

Satellite carries the name of Arizona State University's mascot, Sparky.

Sparky was launched on the first launch of the Delta IV Heavy rocket configuration, along with the Ralphie satellite, but both satellites failed to achieve orbit due to a problem with the rocket during launch.

See also 
 Petey (satellite)
 Ralphie (satellite)

References

External links 
 ASU satellite prepares for tests, launch

Spacecraft launched in 2004
Spacecraft launched by Delta IV rockets
Satellite launch failures
Petey (satellite). Petey (or 3CS-3) was a satellite, part of Three Corner Satellite (3CS) project, a three satellite (Sparkie, Ralphie and Petey) student research project. It was designed and built by mostly undergraduate students at the New Mexico State University as part of the Air Force Research Laboratory's University Nanosat Program. It was responsible for communication system in 3CS project.

Satellite was not completed in time for launch of 3CS on December 21, 2004, and later was donated to the National Air and Space Museum’s Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center. The two other 3CS satellites Sparkie and Ralphie were launched 21 December 2004 on the first launch of Delta IV Heavy. The launch was a partial failure, and in particular the two 3CS satellites did not achieve orbit.

Satellite carries name of New Mexico State University's mascot, Pistol Pete.

See also 
 Ralphie (satellite)
 Sparkie (satellite)

References

External links 
Archived homepage of project

2004 in spaceflight
Weld pool. In metalworking, weld pool commonly refers to the dime-sized workable portion of a weld where the base metal has reached its melting point and is ready to be infused with filler material. The weld pool is central to the success of the welding process. It was first observed in oxy-fuel welding by Fouché & Picard in 1903, after the discovery of acetylene by Edmund Davy in 1836. 

The weld pool must be carried along the joint in a consistent width and depth, and the motion used to carry the weld pool has a direct effect on the quality of the weld bead. A weld made by starting and carrying a weld pool, without the addition of a filler material, is called an autogenous weld.

References 

Welding
Rolf Moe. Rolf Moe (24 September 1917 – 11 December 1999) is a Norwegian engineer and civil servant.

He was born in Oslo, and took the siv.ing. degree at the Norwegian Institute of Technology in 1943. He worked in Oslo and Trondheim before working as manager of Narvik Kommunale Elektrisitetsverk in Narvik and in Midt-Helgeland Kraftlag in Mosjøen. He was then a chief engineer in Skiensfjordens Kommunale Kraftselskap and Norske Elektrisitetsverkers Forening. He was the director of electricity in the Norwegian Water Resources and Electricity Agency from 1965 to 1971. He was succeeded by Gunnar Vatten. From 1971 to 1984 Moe was the chief executive officer of NEMKO.

He was president in the Norwegian Electrotechnical Committee, was a supervisory council member in Sira-Kvina Kraftselskap, financial committee member in the International Electrotechnical Commission and treasurer in the IECEE (International Commission on the Rules for the Approval of Electrical Equipment).

He resided in Finstadbru. He died in December 1999 and was buried in Aurskog.

References

1917 births
1999 deaths
Engineers from Oslo
Norwegian Institute of Technology alumni
20th-century Norwegian engineers
Norwegian civil servants
Synchronous Data Flow. Synchronous Data Flow (SDF) is a restriction on Kahn process networks where the number of tokens read and written by each process is known ahead of time. In some cases, processes can be scheduled such that channels have bounded FIFOs.

Limitations 
SDF does not account for asynchronous processes as their token read/write rates will vary. Practically, one can divide the network into synchronous sub-networks connected by asynchronous links. Alternatively a runtime supervisor can enforce fairness and other desired properties.

Applications 
SDF is useful for modeling digital signal processing (DSP) routines. Models can be compiled to target parallel hardware like FPGAs, processors with DSP instruction sets like Qualcomm's Hexagon, and other systems.

See also
Kahn process networks
Petri net
Dataflow architecture

References

External links
 Synchronous Data Flow, Edward A. Lee and David G. Messerschmitt, 1987
 Embedded Software Systems course - Synchronous Dataflow
 SDF analysis and visualization tools
 Kahn Process Networks and a Reactive Extension

Computer architecture