omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Qorlortorsuaq Dam. Qorlortorsuaq Dam is a hydroelectric dam near Qorlortorsuaq in the Nanortalik district of the Kujalleq municipality in southern Greenland. It has a capacity of 7.6 MW and it generates power for the neighbouring towns of Qaqortoq and Narsaq.

History
The construction of the power plant started in December 2003 and was completed in October 2007.  It was built by consortium of E. Pihl & Son AS (51%), YIT (34%), and Landsvirkjun (15%).  Landsvirkjun operates the power plant until 2012, when operation will be transferred to the Kujalleq municipality.  The design and engineering was performed by Icelandic companies Verkís and Efla.

Description
Qorlortorsuaq Dam is a concrete gravity dam with height of  and crest length of .  It creates a reservoir with a capacity of 108 million cubic meters.  Its tunnel length is  and pressure pipe is .  The flow rate is .

The power plant has two horizontal axis 3.8 MW Francis turbines manufactured by Kössler for a total installed capacity of 7.6 MW. Its annual generation is 27.5 GWh.  A crew of four maintains the power plant.

Together with the power plant a  long high voltage (70 kV) line to Qaqortoq and Narsaq was erected.
It crosses over the Igaliko Fjord, a more than 2 km long span, between these two pylons:   and .

Green Power program
The hydropower plant is part of the plan of the Greenland Home Rule government to replace fossil fuelled energy production and storage with sustainable power production.

References

Hydroelectric power stations in Greenland
Dams in Greenland
Dams completed in 2007
Gravity dams
Energy infrastructure completed in 2007
Kujalleq
2007 establishments in Greenland
Arado Ar 77. The Arado Ar 77 was a German twin-engined monoplane, designed as an advanced training aircraft from 1934.

Design
The Ar 77 had a thick cantilevered wooden wing, which was skinned with plywood on the undersurfaces and covered with fabric on the upper surfaces. The fuselage was built up from welded steel tubing covered with fabric. Tail surfaces were built up from steel tubing and were also fabric-covered, not following Arado's trademark layout of a fin and rudder forward of the tailplane. Instead the tailplane was high-mounted on the fin and supported by steel tube 'N' struts. Elevators and rudder were covered with fabric, aerodynamically balanced in the Ar 77A and without aerodynamic balance horns in the Ar 77B. The fixed tailwheel undercarriage consisted of cantilevered oleo-pneumatic main leg struts fitted with brakes and a tailwheel under the rear fuselage. The four crew members, being pilot, navigator or instructor, and two students, were accommodated in a cabin with full-length windows along the fuselage sides.

The Arado Ar 77 was characterised by the relatively low placement of its engines in relationship to the wings. There was room for two people in the cockpit, and four other people, such as radio operators, in the fuselage. However, the Luftwaffe criticized the aircraft, instead, preferring the Focke-Wulf Fw 58.

Variants
Data from:
Ar 77a
The first prototype crew trainer, constructed using Duralumin and wood.
Ar 77b
The second prototype constructed largely of wood
Ar 77A
The proposed production version of the Ar 77a
Ar 77B
A proposed version with tail surfaces that were not aerodynamically balanced, based on the Ar 77b.

Specifications (Ar 77A)

Notes

References

 Michael J. H. Taylor, Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. Studio Editions, London (1989)

Ar 77
1930s German military trainer aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1934
Low-wing aircraft
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Dave Buchwald. Dave Buchwald (; born September 4, 1970), is a filmmaker and former phone phreak, hacker, and leader of the Legion of Doom in the mid-1980s, then known as Bill From RNOC.

Hacker
In the late 1980s, as a teenager, Buchwald was a social engineer, known for manipulating phone system employees anywhere in the United States into performing tasks that gave him access to systems. He used the handle Bill From RNOC with Arnock being short for the town IBM is based out of. He was also known for hacking Bell and AT&T systems (specifically COSMOS, SCCS, and LMOS), which allowed him virtually unrestricted access to phone lines, including the ability to monitor conversations, throughout the United States. He was the lead author of the popular PENIX suite of hacking tools. Many of his techniques are outdated but some of his original ideas are still in use by social engineers and security professionals today.

In 1995, Dave was introduced to film making when he served as a technical consultant to the movie Hackers, editing the screenplay and personally coaching many members of the principal cast.

Security career
In 1997, Buchwald co-founded Crossbar Security with Mark Abene (a.k.a. Phiber Optik) and Andrew Brown. Crossbar provided information security services for a number of large corporations, but became a casualty of the dot-com bubble. Crossbar Security went 
defunct in 2002, largely due to cuts in corporate security spending and an increase in the cost of corporate computer security advertising.

Arts career
Buchwald works as a film editor, freelance photographer, and graphic designer in New York City. He has been regularly producing cover art for 2600: The Hacker Quarterly since 2000 using the pseudonym Dabu Ch'wald. In August 2006, he completed his first feature film, Urchin. He has recently produced and edited the independent film Love Simple and is in pre-production on the film Kuru, the second movie by the production company The Enemy. A short he edited entitled Floating Sunflowers won the Gold Remi award for Best Comedy Short at the 47th Worldfest-Houston International Film and Video Festival in April 2014.

In August 2018, Dave and his collaborator, Michael Lee Nirenberg, presented sample scenes from a documentary series they are producing, Reverse Engineering at the DEF CON annual hacking conference in Las Vegas.

He currently resides in the Bay Ridge area of Brooklyn, New York.

References

External links
 
 Official site for Urchin (film)
 Profile in Forbes Magazine
 Love Simple website
 Dave Buchwald's website

Living people
American film editors
RNOC, Bill from
1970 births
People from Bay Ridge, Brooklyn
Green Sky Adventures Micro Mong. The Green Sky Adventures Micro Mong is an ultralight biplane based on the Mong MS1 Sport.

Development
Ed Fisher, an avid compiler of Mong Sport history, in 1981  met with designer Ralph Mong. After the completion of the Fisher Skylite, Fisher suggested building an ultralight version of the Mong Sport. A custom built ultralight prototype was built for Fisher, called the Travelight. A second model was constructed, built for pilots up to 6' 2" (188 cm), which became known as the Micro Mong.

Design
The fuselage is welded 4130 steel tubing. The front wing spars are  aluminum tubing, with aluminum ribs and aircraft fabric covering. If equipped with a Rotax 277 engine, the aircraft meets American FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicle standards, by weighing less than . The wing area of the ultralight version is larger than the heavier Mong Sport it replicates, in order to keep the stall speed low.

Operational history

A Micro Mong floatplane recorded the fastest seaplane takeoff of 2.5 seconds at the Experimental Aircraft Association airshow in 2008.

Variants
Micro Mong 2XF Powered by a HKS 700E 2 cylinder 4-stroke air-cooled engine.
Raceair Lil Bitts Developed at the same time by Fisher using a deeper Micro Mong fuselage to resemble a Pitts Special.

Specifications (Micro Mong)

See also

References

Homebuilt aircraft
Biplanes
Green Sky Adventures aircraft
Linux Intrusion Detection System. In computer security, the Linux Intrusion Detection System (LIDS) was a patch to the Linux kernel and associated administrative tools that enhanced the kernel's security by implementing mandatory access control (MAC). When LIDS was in effect all system network administration operations, chosen file access, any capability use, raw device, memory, and I/O access could be made impossible, even for root. One could define which programs can access specific files. It used and extended the system capabilities bounding set to control the whole system and added some network and filesystem security features to the kernel to enhance the security. One could finely tune the security protections online, hide sensitive processes, receive security alerts through the network, and more. LIDS supported Linux kernel 2.6, 2.4. LIDS was released under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL).

Current status 
As of 2013, the Project appears to be dead. The last updates on the homepage and in the associated forum were from 2010, and as of 2018 the website is no longer running.

Awards 
Top 75 security tools in 2003
Top 50 Security tools in 2000
Best of Linux for October 9, 2000

See also

 AppArmor
 Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux)

References

External links
LIDS homepage (archive)

Linux security software
MVDDS. MVDDS (Multichannel Video and Data Distribution Service) is a type of television and Internet delivery technology licensed for use in the United States by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). This was subsequently tested by The MITRE Corporation for the FCC. A report was filed in the 98-206 Docket before the FCC.

This terrestrial based wireless transmission method reuses Direct Broadcast Satellite (DBS) frequencies for distribution of multichannel video and data over large distances.

The spectrum is in the 12.2–12.7 GHz range, offering fast downloads but requiring other frequencies for uploads. It is seen as a potential competitor to cable for delivery of triple play or triple-threat services (voice, data, video).

History 

The MVDDS service was created as a result of a "Spectrum Grab" by the now defunct Northpoint Technology LLC. While Northpoint was fighting with the DBS companies, MDS America Inc provided the FCC with engineering information to assist the FCC in formulating the first US MVDDS rules. MDS America was granted permission to conduct experimental testing of their service in Clewiston Florida. This testing was completed by LCC International under the direction of Dr. Bahman Badipour (now President and CEO of Analytical Consulting Services Inc.) in July 2001 and submitted to the FCC in October of that year.

FCC MVDDS auctions 

MVDDS spectrum was auctioned by the FCC in two separate auctions. The first was FCC auction 53 (1/14/2004 - 1/27/2004) and this auction with 14 qualified bidders lasted 49 rounds over 9 bidding days. 10 bidders won 192 licenses with Gross Bids of $136,936,200 Each allocated license is exclusive in one geographic area.

The second was FCC auction 63 (12/7/2005 - 12/7/2005) and this auction with 3 qualified bidders lasted 3 rounds over 1 bidding day. 32 bidders won the remaining 22 licenses with Gross Bids of $204,000

MVDDS spectrum (214 licenses) is held by 11 companies, but the largest chunks are owned by three, South.com (an affiliate of Dish Network) with 37 areas, DTV Norwich (an affiliate of Cablevision) with 46 areas, and MDS Operations (an affiliate of MDS America) with 80 areas.

In 2012 Dish Network acquired Cablevision's areas making Dish Network the largest owner of MVDDS spectrum in the US.

US Based MVDDS systems 

The system listed below operates using MVDDS to cover an entire Metro area.

Cibola Wireless Albuquerque, New Mexico

This system was built by MDS America, a US-based MVDDS company.

International MVDDS-like systems 

Although MVDDS is a US only service, the systems listed below operate on similar frequencies to MVDDS but with differing power levels.

There are presently other countries using MVDDS for television signal delivery, these also being built by MDS America, for example:
United Arab Emirates
Ireland

See also
 MMDS
 MVDS
 Digital television in Europe
 Ku-band

Notes 

Network access
Rolladen-Schneider Flugzeugbau. Rolladen-Schneider was a major glider manufacturer. The company originally made rolling doors and shutters and was run by Willi and Walter Schneider based in Egelsbach near Frankfurt, Germany. Walter was a keen glider pilot and recruited a sailplane designer Wolf Lemke.  The company built its first glider in 1967.

The company produced the following gliders:
 LS1 (Standard Class)
 LSD Ornith (two seater prototype)
 LS2 (15 metre Class, though before the present classes existed)
 LS3 (15 metre Class)
 LS4 (Standard Class)
 LS5 (23 metre prototype only)
 LS6 (15 metre Class with optional tips to give 17.5 metres or 18 metre spans)
 LS7 (Standard Class)
 LS8 (Standard Class with optional tips to give 18 metre span)
 LS9 (18 metre self launching glider - 10 built)
 LS10 (15 metre Class and 18 metres Class)
 LS11 (Two Seater Class) - prototype in development by Akaflieg Köln

Receivership
Because of difficult economic times, the company went into receivership in 2001.  In 2003 DG Flugzeugbau GmbH took over the assets of the company including the LS brand name and designs.  The LS8 and LS10 were produced by DG. The LS4, LS6 and LS11 are currently scheduled for production in Slovenia by AMS Flight.

External links

DG Flugzeugbau company website

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of Germany
Glider manufacturers
Remote Video Inspection System. The Remote Video Inspection System (RVIS) was deployed by United States in the late 1990s at select low-traffic border entry points from Canada. The system allowed passport and customs inspections to be conducted remotely, so that low-risk travelers could enter the country during hours that the border station did not have on-site staff. The system was successfully deployed at a number of entry points, in six different states. RVIS was discontinued following the September 11 attacks.

Conception
In the early 1990s, the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) was interested in finding ways to enable low-risk travelers to enter the United States from Canada at small ports of entry after inspection services had ended for the day.  INS commissioned its contractor EDS, as well as the Department of Transportation John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center and its contractors Labblee Inc. and Bishop Systems to develop and deploy a system that transmitted audio, video and data to an inspector at a nearby 24-hour port of entry.  The system was originally named "Remote Inspection Communicator And Remote Document Observer" (RICARDO), but the name was changed to Remote Video Inspection System (RVIS) prior to its first deployment.

Deployment
RVIS consisted of a series of pan–tilt–zoom cameras (PTZ), an amplified speakerphone, a card reader and a telecommunications device for the deaf (TDD). There were vehicle sensors at the Canada–United States border that initiated the system, and exit sensors that alerted operators that a drive-by had occurred.  There were also area lights, a text display and a traffic signal. Some ports of entry had electronic gates for traffic management.  Inspectors at the remote location could control the PTZ cameras, and conduct a verbal interview with the driver and passengers.
 
The first two RVIS sites were at the border crossings of Forest City and Orient in Maine in 1996. By 2000, RVIS systems had been deployed at 18 of 22 planned locations:

 Closed since 2006
 Closed since 2013

RVIS was planned for the Morses Line Border Crossing in Vermont, but local residents opposed its installation. However, in 2016, the Canadian side implemented a similar system.

Decommission
The RVIS system never achieved its full potential because its deployment pre-dated the rollout of high speed data networking at all ports of entry, which caused the video transmission to be slow and cumbersome. Its usage was suspended following the September 11 attacks, and the RVIS system was officially decommissioned on November 1, 2002.

See also
PORTPASS
U.S. Customs and Border Protection

References

Remote Video Inspection (RVI)
without requiring any additional apps or software. The system allows users to securely and remotely view and analyze live video feeds from multiple sources, including surveillance cameras, drones, and mobile devices.

Further reading
 

Immigration to the United States
Videotelephony
FS Class ETR 460. The ETR 460 is an electric multiple unit (EMU) tilting train produced by FIAT Ferroviaria (now Alstom Ferroviaria) since 1993. It is also known as the Pendolino after the family of trains from which it comes. 

The ETR 460 is a development of the ETR 450, a Pendolino EMU developed in the 1970s, being characterized by improved layout, electrical and electronic systems, and improved comfort. Maximum speed remains unchanged at . The ETR 460 spawned two similar types of Pendolinos: the ETR 470 and the ETR 480. The main difference between the versions is that the 460 runs only on 3 kV DC, the 470 on 3 kV DC and 15 kV AC, and the 480 on 3 kV DC and 25 kV AC (used on new high-speed railways in Italy). Three sets were modified to be capable of additionally running on 1.5 kV DC for use on Milan-Turin-Lyon services, but have been all re-converted to the ETR 460 standard and renamed ETR 463. The British Class 390, the Slovenian series 310, the Portuguese Alfa Pendular, the Finnish Sm3 and the Spanish Alaris series were all derived from the ETR 460.

The trainset, designed by Giorgetto Giugiaro, is used by Trenitalia for their Frecciabianca service on several routes across Italy.

The trainset has the ability to tilt by up to 8° when taking corners so as to reduce the effect of centrifugal force on the passengers. The passengers remain comfortable even if the train fully takes advantage of the characteristics of the track thanks to the lightness of the construction (only  / axle).
Use of the train does not demand particular modifications to the railroad but it is expensive in terms of maintenance of the rolling stock due to the complexity of the tilting system.

The hydraulic tilting system it is governed by two gyroscopes located in the lead cars. The curve is found on the base of the elevation of the external track.

ETR 460s are provided with 12 three-phase asynchronous motors (compared to the 16 in the ETR 450) located in all cars, in order to improve cornering capability. The motors are controlled by GTO-VVVF inverters, with a total power of some 6 MW. Electric braking is of rheostatic type, with the possibility of energy recovery at some speeds while the mechanical braking system uses disc brakes, commanded by an electro-pneumatic system called Wabcontrol.

ETR 460s can carry up to 480 passengers. Configuration includes two head coaches, 6 intermediate passenger coaches and a bar - restaurant coach.

See also
ElettroTreno
Eurostar Italia
New Pendolino
Rete Ferroviaria Italiana
Treno Alta Velocità
 List of high speed trains

External links

ETR 460 & ETR 480 Photos

Pendolino
High-speed trains of Italy
ETR 460
Train-related introductions in 1993
Fiat Ferroviaria
Passenger trains running at least at 250 km/h in commercial operations
3000 V DC multiple units
Gerald Wiegert. Gerald Alden "Jerry" Wiegert (July 12, 1944 – January 15, 2021) was an American automotive engineer and businessman, notable as the founder of two companies, Vector Motors and Aquajet, and for designing the products marketed by those companies.

Wiegert initially became well known in the late 1970s when he began development of The Vector, a high-performance sports car intended to be America's answer to European cars such as Ferrari, Lamborghini, and Porsche. This concept would be further developed into the Vector W8, which was manufactured and sold between 1989 and 1993.

Life and career 
During his youth, Wiegert developed an interest in automobiles and aerospace. During high school, he won a design contest that provided a full scholarship for university design courses and encouraged him to pursue engineering as a career. In 1970, he began his career in the automotive industry by working as a design consultant at Chrysler, Ford, and General Motors; in 1971 he formed Vehicle Design Force to develop an American supercar. The first concept car designed by this company was called "The Vector." Wiegert announced that the Vector would use the Wankel rotary engine and that it would be priced at $100,000. The concept appeared on the cover of Motor Trend, and after evolving over a period of several years and preliminary marketing as the Vector W2, it entered production as the Vector W8.

In the 1990s, Wiegert entered into dispute with investor Megatech, which initiated a hostile takeover of his company and eventually fired him. Wiegert, via the courts, eventually won back the assets, trademarks, and copyrights to Vector Motors, and in 2008, revived the Vector brand name and began development of a new sports car named the WX-8.

Wiegert also founded Aquajet, a personal watercraft company, in the 1990s. Company literature markets Aquajet's Jetbike models as handling like "motorcycles for the water"; they also incorporate futuristic styling cues.  The Jetbike won Boating Magazines Innovation Award 2000. The Jetbike has been featured on Beyond 2000, The Extremists, Planet X, The Next Step, and on CNet.

Wiegert died on January 15, 2021.

References

Further reading 
Cheetham, Craig. Supercars: The World's Most Exotic Sports Cars (2003)

External links 
 Vector Motors
 Aquajet official site

American automobile designers
Vector Motors
American founders of automobile manufacturers
1945 births
2021 deaths
People from Dearborn, Michigan
Businesspeople from Michigan
Northrop University alumni
Rose's metal. Rose's metal, Rose metal or Rose's alloy is a fusible alloy with a low melting point.

Rose's metal consists of 50% bismuth, 25–28% lead and 22–25% tin. Its melting point is between . The alloy does not appreciably contract or expand on solidification, this characteristic being a function of its bismuth percentage, but does slightly contract on cooling.

Uses
Rose's metal has several common uses:
As a solder. It was used to secure cast iron railings and balusters in pockets in stone bases and steps.
As a heat transfer medium in heating baths.
As a malleable filling to prevent tubes and pipes from crimping when bent. Rose's metal is melted and poured into the tube. It then solidifies in place but remains malleable. This allows the tube or pipe to be bent and reworked without crimping. After the desired shape is achieved, the Rose's metal is remelted and removed, leaving the pipe or tube in its modified shape.

History
It was discovered by the German chemist Valentin Rose the Elder, the grandfather of Heinrich Rose.

Similar metals

References

Fusible alloys
Bismuth alloys
Lead alloys
Tin alloys