omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
15-Crown-5. 15-Crown-5 is a crown ether with the formula (C2H4O)5.  It is a cyclic pentamer of ethylene oxide that forms complex with various cations, including sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+); however, it is complementary to Na+ and thus has a higher selectivity for Na+ ions.

Synthesis 
15-Crown-5 can be synthesized using a modified Williamson ether synthesis:

(CH2OCH2CH2Cl)2 + O(CH2CH2OH)2 + 2 NaOH → (CH2CH2O)5 + 2 NaCl + 2 H2O

It also forms from the cyclic oligomerization of ethylene oxide in the presence of gaseous boron trifluoride.

Properties
Analogous to 18-crown-6, 15-crown-5 binds to sodium ions.  Thus, when treated with this complexing agent, sodium salts often become soluble in organic solvents.

First-row transition metal dications fit snugly inside the cavity of 15-crown-5.  They are too small to be included in 18-crown-6. The binding of transition metal cations results in multiple hydrogen-bonded interactions from both equatorial and axial aqua ligands, such that highly crystalline solid-state supramolecular polymers can be isolated. Metal salts isolated in this form include Co(ClO4)2, Ni(ClO4)2, Cu(ClO4)2, and Zn(ClO4)2. Seven coordinate species are most common for transition metal complexes of 15-crown-5, with the crown ether occupying the equatorial plane, along with 2 axial aqua ligands.

15-crown-5 has also been used to isolate salts of oxonium ions. For example, from a solution of tetrachloroauric acid, the oxonium ion  has been isolated as the salt . Neutron diffraction studies revealed a sandwich structure, which shows a chain of water with remarkably long O-H bond (1.12 Å) in the acidic proton, but with a very short OH•••O distance (1.32 Å).

A derivative of 15-crown-5, benzo-15-crown-5, has been used to produce anionic complexes of carbido ligands as their  salts:

See also
 Host guest chemistry
 Phase transfer catalyst

References

Further reading

External links
 ChemicalLand21.com
 www.ChemBlink.com

Crown ethers
National University of Architecture and Construction of Armenia. National University of Architecture and Construction of Armenia (NUACA) (), is a state university in Yerevan, Armenia.

History
A technical school opened within the newly established Yerevan State University in 1921, graduating its first students in 1928. In July 1930, the Armenian Construction Institute, which by this stage had departments of Architecture and Construction, Hydrology and Chemical Engineering, was established with prominent architect Mikayel Mazmanyan as its first director.

On 11 July 1989, on the basis of the related departments and chairs of the National Polytechnic University of Armenia, the Architectural/Construction Institute was established by the decree of the Armenian SSR Council of Ministers. It was renamed as the  Yerevan State University of Architecture and Construction in 2000. Its first rector  was Arest Baglaryan who served between 1989 and 2006, since which time Professor Hovhannes Tokmajyan has been the rector.

In 2014, the university was renamed as the National University of Architecture and Construction of Armenia (NUACA).

In 2020, the National University of Architecture and Construction of Armenia established the Great Caucasus format together with the Abkhazian State University, the Russian North-Caucasus Federal University and the South Ossetian State University. The four universities will work more together and spread the use of the Russian language.

Faculties
Currently, the university has 5 faculties:
Faculty of Architecture.
Faculty of Design.
Faculty of Management and Technology.
Faculty of Urban Economy and Ecology.
Faculty of Construction.

References

External links
Official site

Universities and colleges established in 1921
1921 establishments in Armenia
Universities in Armenia
Education in Yerevan
Sea Slice. HSV Sea Slice was an experimental vessel, built by Lockheed Martin, for the United States Navy, later used in commercial service.

History
Based on a variant of the SWATH hull design, known as "SLICE," Sea Slice is characterized by four teardrop-shaped submerged hulls—double the number seen on most previous designs. The design reduces waves and drag, which allows a SWATH vessel to "...operate at higher speeds while retaining their characteristic low motions in a seaway". Designed for operation in the same area as, and to mount similar armament to, a littoral combat ship-type corvette, the planned weapon options included the Millennium Gun and the NetFires System, intended to launch Lockheed's (now cancelled) Loitering Attack Munition.

Sea Slice was withdrawn from Navy service and made available for purchase for civilian use, and purchased by Danish company, Advanced Offshore Solutions ApS, for conversion to a wind farm support vessel.

In May 2019 the vessel was scrapped in Esbjerg, Denmark after a failed attempt to repair the engine.

See also
 Sea Shadow (IX-529)
 Sea Fighter (FSF-1)

References

External links

 

Small waterplane area twin hull vessels
Experimental ships of the United States Navy
High speed vessels of the United States Navy
Zhao Jiuzhang. Zhao Jiuzhang (; 15 October 1907 – 26 October 1968), also known as Jeou Jang Jaw, was a Chinese meteorologist and physicist. He was a pioneer of Chinese space technology and is considered as a founding father of China's satellite program.

Life
Born in Kaifeng, Henan Province on 15 October 1907. From 1925 to 1927, he studied electrical engineering at Zhejiang Industrial School (now Zhejiang University) in Hangzhou. He then transferred to Tsinghua University in Beijing. He graduated from the Department of Physics, Tsinghua in 1933. In 1935, he went to the University of Berlin; in 1938, he obtained his PhD.

He was a professor of Tsinghua University, National Central University (now Nanjing University), and National Southwestern Associated University.

During the Cultural Revolution, he was persecuted by the Red Guards and committed suicide in October 1968.

Awards and honors 
In 1999, Zhao was awarded the Two Bombs, One Satellite Achievement Medal.

Membership & presidency
Academic
 Academician, Chinese Academy of Science, 1955 election
 Director, Institute of Meteorology, Academia Sinica
 Director, Institute of Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
 Director, Institute of Applied Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Science
 President, Chinese Academy of Satellite Designation
 President, Chinese Meteorological Society
 President, Chinese Geophysical Society

Political
 Member, Jiusan Society, 1951 election
 Member, Central Committee of the Jiu San Society.
 Member, Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, PRC
 Standing Committee Member, Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference,

See also
 Dong Fang Hong I - the first satellite that China launched in 1970.

References

External links

1907 births
1968 suicides
1968 deaths
Chinese meteorologists
Drug-related suicides in China
Educators from Henan
Members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Members of the Jiusan Society
Academic staff of the National Southwestern Associated University
People from Kaifeng
Physicists from Henan
Suicides during the Cultural Revolution
Tsinghua University alumni
Academic staff of the University of Science and Technology of China
Zhejiang University alumni
Humboldt University of Berlin alumni
Inner Mongolia First Machinery Group Corporation. Inner Mongolia First Machinery Group Corporation (内蒙古第一机械集团有限公司, abbrev. 一机), previously First Inner Mongolia Machinery Factory, is a military manufacturing company in China. It is a facility in Inner Mongolia and supplier of various military equipment to the PLA Army.  It has also been known as Factory 617 (六一七厂) and the Baotou Tank Plant.

Products
 MBT-2000 main battle tank
 Type 96 main battle tank
 Type 88 main battle tank 
 Type 69/79 main battle tank
 Type 59 main battle tank
 Chinese firefighting tank
 BeiBen Truck Mercedes Benz licensed heavy trucks
 Train wagons
 Bulldozer
 sucker roads
 welding steel products

References

External links
 China's large tank manufacturing plant - YouTube

Defence companies of the People's Republic of China
Companies with year of establishment missing
Companies based in Baotou
GE Three. The GE Three are three nuclear engineers who "blew the whistle" on safety problems at nuclear power plants in the United States in 1976.  The three nuclear engineers gained the attention of journalists and the anti-nuclear movement. The GE Three returned to prominence in 2011 during the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster.

The "GE Three"

On February 2, 1976, Gregory C. Minor, Richard B. Hubbard, and Dale G. Bridenbaugh "blew the whistle" on safety problems at nuclear power plants. The three engineers gained the attention of journalists, and their disclosures about the threats of nuclear power had a significant impact. They timed their statements to coincide with their resignations from responsible positions in General Electric's nuclear energy division, and later established themselves as consultants on the nuclear power industry for state governments, federal agencies, and overseas governments. The consulting firm they formed, MHB Technical Associates, was technical advisor for the movie "The China Syndrome." The three engineers participated in Congressional hearings which their disclosures precipitated.

Japan
Following the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami that devastated northern Japan, a series of explosions and a containment failure at the Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant resulted in media coverage of the GE Three. Bridenbaugh described design flaws of General Electric's Mark 1 reactors, which account for five of the six reactors at the Fukushima 1 power plant. Bridenbaugh claimed that the design "did not take into account the dynamic loads that could be experienced with a loss of coolant" and that, despite efforts to retrofit the reactors, "the Mark 1 is still a little more susceptible to an accident that would result in a loss of containment."

See also
Nuclear accidents in the United States
Nuclear safety in the United States
Anti-nuclear movement in the United States
George Galatis
List of nuclear whistleblowers
David A. Schlissel

References

External links
Watching the Watchdogs
A Nuclear Plant Gets New Equipment and a New Attitude
Nuclear Whistleblowers FAQ

People associated with nuclear power
Nuclear safety in the United States
Industrial metabolism. Industrial metabolism is a concept to describe the material and energy turnover of industrial systems. It was proposed by Robert Ayres in analogy to the biological metabolism as "the whole integrated collection of physical processes that convert raw materials and energy, plus labour, into finished products and wastes..."  In analogy to the biological concept of metabolism, which is used to describe the whole of chemical reactions in, for example, a cell to maintain its functions and reproduce itself, the concept of industrial metabolism describes the chemical reactions, transport processes, and manufacturing activities in industry. 

Industrial metabolism presupposes a connection between different industrial activities by seeing them as part of a larger system, such as a material cycle or the supply chain of a commodity. System scientists, for example in industrial ecology, use the concept as paradigm to study the flow of materials or energy through the industrial system in order to better understand supply chains, the sources and causes of emissions, and the linkages between the industrial and the wider socio-technological system. 

Industrial metabolism is a subsystem of the anthropogenic or socioeconomic metabolism, which also comprises non-industrial human activities in households or the public sector.

See also

 Anthropogenic metabolism
 Autopoiesis
 Dematerialization (economics)
 Energy accounting
 Industrial ecology
 Material flow accounting
 Material flow analysis
 Information metabolism
 Social metabolism
 Urban metabolism

References

Further reading
Industrial Metabolism: Restructuring for Sustainable Development 

Industrial processes
Analogy
Aéropole Science Park. The Aéropole Science Park is a business incubator and science park located in Gosselies, Charleroi, Belgium, near the Brussels South Charleroi Airport.

It hosts 150 companies, providing around 3,600 jobs. Business and academic clusters are growing up in the following fields : aeronautics, ICT, biotechnologies, industrial engineering, training and R&D centres.

The science park hosts several research institutes including the Centre of Excellence in Information Technology (CETIC), a joint a centre of expertise for the development of Walloon companies founded by the universities of Louvain-la-Neuve (UCLouvain), Namur and Mons; the Cenaero (Research Centre in Aeronautics), an institute for the development of aeronautics and space industry of UCLouvain, the University of Liège and the Université libre de Bruxelles, and the ULB Institute for Molecular Biology & Medicine and the Institute for Medical Immunology, in collaboration with GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals.

The cluster hosts three spin-offs from UCLouvain: Cedit, a technology company, and since 2011, iTeos, a pharmaceutical company founded within the de Duve Institute at UCLouvain Brussels Woluwe and which raised a capital of 75 million US dollars in 2018, and Viridaxis, since 2011.

Several spin-offs of the Université libre de Bruxelles have their headquarters on the site: Henogen, DNA Vision, Bone Therapeutics, Euroscreen, Delphi Genetics, Aliwen, BV Transgenics Services, BioCygnus and ImmuneHealth.

See also
 Science Parks of Wallonia
UCLouvain Charleroi

References

External links
 Film sur l'Aéropole(French)
 Film(English)
 Aéropole (French)
 Aéropole (English)
 Igretec (French)
 Biopole ULB Charleroi
 Institute for Molecular Biology and Medicine (IBMM)
 Institute for Medical Immunology (IMI)

Science parks in Belgium
Buildings and structures in Charleroi
Geography of Charleroi
Finger plane. A finger plane is a small plane, typically with a brass body, used by luthiers (violin and guitar makers). Mameganna, or its literal translation, bean plane, may be used, especially for Japanese-style planes.

Finger planes are used for final trimming work after glue-up, particularly around curved edges and to level inlays across curved instrument tops. They are thus small in length, as they do not need to span a wide area as a jointer plane does. They are also narrow in blade width, as they are meant for trimming the edges of thin boards, or for scrubbing small areas when graduating the thickness of arched soundboards. Some have flat bases, for convex work; the more distinctive have curved bases for concave surfaces. They are made with soles in a range of curvatures and a typical workshop will have several, of varying curvature. 

As the planes are only used for a narrow task, they are not adjustable and they are made with fixed mouths and a blade that is clamped in place by a simple wedge, or by a clamp screw, not an adjuster. To add mass to such a small plane, they are commonly cast in a dense brass or bronze alloy. Luthiers making their own planes typically make them from offcuts of dense tropical hardwoods. Wood-bodied, wedged-blade planes can be made fairly quickly, using a strong, seasoned wood for the body and either a blade for another plane or one reshaped from a chisel blade.

Ibex is a common manufacturer of bronze finger-planes; they vary in quality, and some may need to be re-shaped to avoid clogging in use.

References 

Planes
Lutherie
Avro (disambiguation). Avro was a British aircraft manufacturer from 1910 to 1963.

Avro or AVRO  may also refer to:

Companies and organisations
 Avro Canada, a Canadian aircraft manufacturer
 Avro International Aerospace, a British aircraft manufacturer from 1993 to 1998
 Algemene Vereniging Radio Omroep, a Dutch public-service broadcasting organisation
 Avro Energy, a defunct energy supplier in the United Kingdom, absorbed by Octopus Energy Group
 Avro F.C., a non-league football club in Oldham, England

Computing
 Apache Avro, a remote procedure call and data serialization framework
 Avro Keyboard, a Bengali typing software / keyboard layout changer

Other uses
 AVRO 1938 chess tournament
 Avro Manhattan (1914–1990), writer critical of the Catholic Church

See also
 Euro (Turkish: ), a currency
Looj. The Looj was a rain gutter (eavestrough) cleaning domestic robot made and sold by iRobot.

The Looj was not an autonomous robot, but rather a remote-controlled robot patterned after a toy tank with a power drill mounted on the front.

Description
The Looj was a  tall and  wide robot that fit inside most gutters to clean out debris stuck inside them, such as leaves and pine needles. It had long treads on its side which allowed it to move inside the gutter, and an auger attached to its front. The auger, spinning flexible flaps at 500 RPM, dislodged and removed debris inside the gutter by flinging it sideways into the air. The device also had a detachable handle/remote, that was used to carry and operate the robot.

The first Looj models were powered by an internal 7.2 V NiCad rechargeable battery, which must be removed for charging. Later models use a Li-ion rechargeable battery instead.

The Looj was discontinued in 2017.

Critical reception
The Looj was received favourably by reviewers prior to release. Crunch Gear said "If you place your ladder at a corner of the house – and your gutters are wide enough – you can easily clean out two sides of a house in a few minutes."

Looj won the Best of CES Innovations Award: Home Appliances in 2008.

References

External links 
 Looj product page

IRobot
Domestic robots
2000s robots
MASTAR MOSFET Model. The MASTAR (Model for Analog Simulation of subThreshold, saturation and weak Avalanche Regions)
is an analytical model of Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors, developed using the voltage-doping transformation (VDT) technique. MASTAR offers good accuracy and continuity in current and its derivatives in all operation regimes of the MOSFET devices. The model has been successfully used in CAD/EDA simulation tools.

The official ITRS definition of the acronym MASTAR is Model for Assessment of CMOS Technologies And Roadmaps. This software is developed by STMicroelectronics and is freely distributed on ITRS organization web site.

See also
 Transistor models
 SPICE

References 

Transistor modeling
Lansing, St. Johns and St. Louis Railway. The Lansing, St. Johns and St. Louis Railway was an electric interurban railway which briefly operated independently in central Michigan during the early 20th century. It was the site of a failed attempt to introduce alternating current to the interurban scene.

The company incorporated on April 10, 1900, with the intention of constructing a new line north from Lansing through St. Johns and Maple Rapids to St. Louis (today the route of U.S. Highway 127). During its inception the company had come to the attention of Bion J. Arnold, an American engineer well known for his innovations in electrical engineering, who would later build New York City's Interborough Rapid Transit subway system. Arnold sought an opportunity to test his idea for using single-phase alternating current instead of direct current for locomotive power. His company received the contract for the road's construction and work commenced in mid-1900.

On February 3, 1902, the company completed a  line as far as St. Johns. On entering Lansing trains joined the Cedar Street line of the local streetcar system. The electrical systems were not yet ready, so the railroad was operated by steam locomotives supplied by the Michigan Suburban Railroad. Arnold's account states that steam service began on November 15, 1901; Meints puts the completion of the line in February 1902. Construction of the overhead lines was finished by December 1902, and tests began the following March. The first trial trips occurred on June 15, 1903, using a specially-built experimental locomotive. The company had ordered three interurban cars from the Jewett Car Company of Jewett, Ohio. These were of wooden construction,  in length, capable of seating 50 passengers, but at that stage Arnold's experimental motor lacked the motive power to drive them. A new locomotive fitted with two motors was readied for tests in early December, but a fire swept through the company's car house, destroying the locomotive, two of the Jewett cars, and a steam locomotive. While engineers constructed a new locomotive, "Phoenix," the company rebuilt the line to permit DC operation, thereby allowing Lansing streetcars to operate over it. On August 3, 1904, the new locomotive made a trial run of  out to DeWitt. A blown circuit breaker ended the test prematurely.

On March 26, 1904, the Lansing and Suburban Traction, which already owned the streetcar lines in Lansing, bought the Lansing, St. Johns & St. Louis, prompting the need to permit DC operation over the line. In the end, Arnold's experiments notwithstanding, the Lansing & Suburban operated the line using standard 600-volt direct current instead of 6000-volt alternating current. The line would change hands several times before finally ending up in the hands of the Michigan Electric, which abandoned it on May 16, 1929.

Notes

References 

Railway companies established in 1900
Railway companies disestablished in 1904
Interurban railways in Michigan
Defunct Michigan railroads
1900 establishments in Michigan
1904 disestablishments in Michigan
Argus (monitoring software). Argus is a systems and network monitoring application.
It is designed to monitor the status of network services, servers, and other network hardware. It will send alerts when it detects problems.

It is open-source software originally written entirely in Perl, but nowadays in Go,
and provides a web based interface.

Overview
 Can monitor most network services.
 Supports both IPv4 and IPv6
 Includes graphing.
 Web based front end.
 Can monitor tens-of-thousands of services on common PC hardware.
 Supports distributed and redundant configurations.
 Configured using simple text files.

Details
 Monitoring of network services (SMTP, POP3, HTTP, NNTP, ICMP, SNMP, FTP, Telnet, SSH, Gopher, NFS, DNS, RADIUS, IAX2, SIP, SunRPC, Whois, Rwhois, LPD, NTP)
 Monitoring of server resources: system load, network load, and disk usage, using an agent.
 Monitoring of the results of any command or script.
 Monitoring is easily extendable through user-written scripts.

See also
 Comparison of network monitoring systems

External links 
 argus.tcp4me.com
 github.com/jaw0/argus

Free network management software
Multi-agent network management software
tr:Argus
CS Telconia. CS Telconia was a British cable ship used in the early 20th century to lay and repair submarine communications cables. She was built in 1909 by Swan Hunter & Wigham Richardson for the Telegraph Construction and Maintenance Company (a subsidiary of the Atlantic Telegraph Company) and remained in service until late 1934.

Telconia is often incorrectly credited with playing a role in cutting German cables in August 1914. In her book The Zimmermann Telegram, American historian Barbara Tuchman incorrectly asserted this based on an interview with a retired Royal Navy officer decades later.  Scholars have since determined that in fact it was the British General Post Office ship CS Alert that carried out these attacks. The job of Alert was to locate and cut the five German cables heading into the Atlantic.  A similar operation cut the German cables that connected Great Britain to the German coast.  Successive missions by Telconia and other ships later in the war eliminated the remainder of Germany's cable network and, in some instances, pulled the cables up with their grapples and relaid them into British and French ports for use by the Allied powers instead.

Notes

Cable ships of the United Kingdom
World War I auxiliary ships of the United Kingdom
1909 ships
Ships built by Swan Hunter
Ships built on the River Tyne