omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Goodyear welt. A Goodyear welt is a strip of leather, rubber, or plastic that runs along the perimeter of a shoe outsole. The basic principle behind the Goodyear welt machine was invented in 1862 by August Destouy, who designed a machine with a curved needle to stitch turned shoes. The machine was then improved in 1869 and later by Destouy and, more importantly, Daniel Mills, an English mechanic, both employed by Charles Goodyear Jr., the son of Charles Goodyear. It has been noted by historians that Goodyear was a frequent visitor to the shoe factory of William J. Dudley, founder of Johnston & Murphy, where early work on sole stitching equipment was performed.

Construction
"Goodyear construction" involves stitching a welt to the upper and insole of a shoe. The welt is connected to both the upper and insole with thread by means of a raised ridge around the bottom outside edge of the insole, usually reinforced with a canvas-like "rib" (known as "gemming") which is cemented to the back of the ridge. The space enclosed by the welt is then filled with cork or some other filler material such as foam (usually either porous or perforated) or strips of leather, and the outsole is then stitched to the welt.

Process
The Goodyear welt process is a machine-based alternative to the traditional hand-welted method (c. 1500) for the manufacture of footwear, allowing them to be resoled repeatedly.

The upper part of the shoe is shaped over the last and fastened on by sewing a leather, linen or synthetic strip (also known as the "welt") to the inner and upper sole. As well as using a welt, stitching holds the material firmly together.

The welt forms a cavity which is then filled with a cork material. The final part of the shoe is the sole, which is attached to the welt by some combination of stitching and a high strength adhesive like contact cement or hide glue. The result is highly valued for being relatively waterproof by minimizing water penetration into the insole and the relative ease of resoling as long as the upper remains viable. Welted shoes are more expensive to manufacture than those mass-produced by automated machinery with molded soles.

References

Further reading
R.A. Salaman, The Dictionary of Leather-Working Tools c. 1700-1950, Allen & Unwin, London 1986. pp. 182  
J.H. Thornton, Northampton College of Technology, Textbook of Footwear Manufacture, pps. 28-32, National Trade Press, UK 1953
F.Y. Golding, edited by, Boots and Shoes, Vol. VI,  pp. 178 The New Era Publishing, London 1936

External links
Video: How Goodyear Welted Shoes are made USA ca. 1930
pdf Document: The manufacture of boots and shoes : being a modern treatise of all the processes of making and manufacturing footgear (1902)
pdf Document: Original Goodyear Welt Patent 1869
3D Animation Goodyear Welted Patent

1862 introductions
Footwear components
Shoemaking
Boots
Nano-ITX. Nano-ITX is a computer motherboard form factor first proposed by VIA Technologies at CeBIT in March 2003, and implemented in late 2005. Nano-ITX boards measure , and are fully integrated, very low power consumption motherboards with many uses, but targeted at smart digital entertainment devices such as DVRs, set-top boxes, media centers, car PCs, and thin devices. Nano-ITX motherboards have slots for SO-DIMM.

There are four Nano-ITX motherboard product lines so far, VIA's EPIA N, EPIA NL, EPIA NX, and the VIA EPIA NR. These boards are available from a wide variety of manufacturers supporting numerous different CPU platforms.

Udoo has now released at least 1 nano-ITX board: the Udoo Bolt.

See also 
Mini-ITX
Pico-ITX
Mobile-ITX
EPIA, mini-ITX and nano-ITX motherboards from VIA
Ultra-Mobile PC
Minimig, is an open source re-implementation of an Amiga 500 in Nano-ITX format

References

External links
 Jetway Computer Corp. J8F9 AMD Nano-ITX Mainboards Nano ITX Manufacturer, Mainboard OEMs, Daughterboards etc.
VIA EPIA N-Series Nano-ITX Mainboard
VIA EPIA NL-Series Nano-ITX Mainboard
VIA EPIA NX-Series Nano-ITX Mainboard
VIA EPIA NR-Series Nano-ITX Mainboard

Digital video recorders
IBM PC compatibles
Motherboard form factors
Set-top box
M-Phenylenediamine. m-Phenylenediamine, also called 1,3-diaminobenzene, is an organic compound with the formula C6H4(NH2)2. It is an isomer of o-phenylenediamine and p-phenylenediamine. This aromatic diamine is a colourless solid that appears as needles, but turns red or purple on exposure to air due to formation of oxidation products. Samples often come as colourless flakes and may darken in storage.

Production
m-Phenylenediamine is produced by hydrogenation of 1,3-dinitrobenzene. The dinitrobenzene is prepared by dinitration of benzene.

Applications
m-Phenylenediamine is used in the preparation of various polymers including aramid fibers, epoxy resins, wire enamel coatings and polyurea elastomers. Other uses for m-phenylenediamine include as an accelerator for adhesive resins, and as a component of dyes for leather and textiles. Basic Brown 1, Basic Orange 2, Direct Black 38, and Developed Black BH. In hair-dying, m-phenylenediamine is a "coupling agent", used to produce blue colors.

References

Diamines
Anilines
Bombykol. Bombykol is a pheromone released by the female silkworm moth to attract mates. It is also the sex pheromone in the wild silk moth (Bombyx mandarina). Discovered by Adolf Butenandt in 1959, it was the first pheromone to be characterized chemically.

Minute quantities of this pheromone can be used per acre of land to confuse male insects about the location of their female partners. It can thus serve as a lure in traps to remove insects effectively without spraying crops with large amounts of pesticides. Butenandt named the substance after the moth's Latin name Bombyx mori.

In vivo it appears that bombykol is the natural ligand for a pheromone binding protein, BmorPBP, which escorts the pheromone to the pheromone receptor.

Biosynthesis 

Bombykol is known to be derived from acetyl-CoA via the C-16 fatty acyl palmitoyl-CoA. Palmitoyl-CoA is converted to bombykol in steps that involve desaturation and reductive modification of the carbonyl carbon. Compared to other Type I pheromones, bombykol biosynthesis does not need chain-shortening or any other kind of modification of the terminal hydroxyl group.

A desaturase enzyme encoded by the gene Bmpgdesat1 (Desat1), produces the monoene (11Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoA as well as the diene (10E,12Z)-10,12-hexadecadienoyl-CoA. This desaturase is the only enzyme necessary to catalyze these two consecutive desaturation steps.

The bombykol acyl precursor (10E,12Z)-10,12-hexadecadienoate is primarily found as a triacylglycerol ester in the cytoplasmic lipid droplets of pheromone gland cells of the moth. And when the adult females emerge from their pupae, the neurohormone PBAN (pheromone biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide) start signaling events that help control the lipolysis of the stored triacylglycerols, releasing (10E,12Z)-10,12-hexadecadienoate for its final reductive modification. The mechanism of the lipolytic release of (10E,12Z)-10,12-hexadecadienoate from triacylglycerols is not completely known but the candidate lipase-encoding genes have been identified.

References 

Insect pheromones
Insect ecology
Primary alcohols
Conjugated dienes
Marc Fleury. Marc Fleury is a Franco-American computer scientist, physicist, musician and businessperson. He is a pioneer of the Open Source movement and the creator of JBoss, an open-source Java application server.

Early life and education 
Fleury was born in Paris, France, to a French father and Spanish mother, and came to the US in the early nineties to work on his doctoral thesis as a visiting scientist at MIT. He earned his Ph.D.from the  École Polytechnique, in Paris, France in 1997. He holds a Masters in Theoretical Physics from the École Normale Supérieure. rue d'Ulm (1993). His undergraduate degree was in Mathematics from the Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau (1992).  He served in the military, as a paratrooper, with the rank of lieutenant in the 17th Parachute Engineer Regiment.

Software Entrepreneur: JBoss 
Fleury worked in France for Sun Microsystems before moving to the United States where he has worked on various Java projects. Fleury's research interest focused on middleware, and he started the JBoss project in 1999. JBoss Group, LLC was incorporated in 2001 in Atlanta, Georgia.  JBoss became a corporation under the name JBoss, Inc. in 2004.  Fleury pioneered business models of Open Source known as Professional Open Source.  After selling his company to Red Hat, Fleury became Senior Vice President and General Manager of the JBoss Division.  On 9 February 2007, his departure from Red Hat was made public.

Technology Investments   
In 2008, Fleury started a new open source project called OpenRemote, to build  home automation systems.

The Church of Space and Poèmes Électroniques 
Fleury co-founded the theater and electronic music act known as "The Church of Space" or "Poèmes Électroniques" (The CoS). The CoS served a 3 years residency (2016, 2017, 2019) at Moogfest Music and Arts festival. Poèmes Électroniques was featured on NPR public radio for its premiere in Atlanta in 2015. Since 2018 Poèmes Électroniques has been co-headed with Prof. Stuart Gerber of the Georgia State music dept.

References

École Polytechnique alumni
Free software programmers
Living people
1968 births
Electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor sensor. Within electronics, an Electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor (EIS) sensor is a sensor that is made of these three components:

 an electrolyte with the chemical that should be measured
 an insulator that allows field-effect interaction, without leak currents between the two other components
 a semiconductor to register the chemical changes

The EIS sensor can be used in combination with other structures, for example to construct a light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS).

References

    Sensors
FormFlow. FormFlow was the name of a line of electronic forms products initially created and sold by Delrina in the early- to mid-1990s.

History 
The first product in this line was PerForm, which was designed to work under GEM in DOS. The PerForm PRO and FormFlow products that succeeded PerForm were designed to work on Windows 3.0 and Windows 3.1 respectively. FormFlow later had native support for Windows 95 starting with version 2.0 in 1996.

Delrina was bought by Symantec late in 1995, and the electronic forms division was sold to JetForm in 1996. JetForm, which later changed its name to Accelio, was in turn was bought by Adobe Systems, and the electronic forms products were officially end-of-lifed in 2004.

References

External links
Legacy JetForm/Accelio Form Products FAQ, PDF, accessed November 3, 2005

Business software
Delrina software
Medium density overlay panel. Medium density overlay panel, or MDO panel, is a paintable surface made of plywood with a weather-resistant resin overlay bonded to the wood by heat and pressure. The overlay, which has at least 27% resin content, resists water, weather, wear and degradation. A similar product with a more rugged, smoother surface is called high density overlay (HDO) plywood.

Development
Originally developed for sign painting and concrete formwork industries, MDO is also used for other applications as a paintable surface. Paint finishes on MDO are up to three times more durable than the same finish applied to ordinary plywood

It is a plywood product, with a paper face overlaid on the plywood substrate with an exterior grade (usually) phenolic adhesive. MDO is designed to have a smooth, paint-receptive surface. One or both faces can be surfaced with paper, and is produced in 4-foot-by-8-foot sheets from  inches to over 3 inches in thickness.

References

External links
 http://www.canply.org/english/products/overlaidplywood.htm

Engineered wood
Echo Lake (software). Echo Lake was perhaps the most notable multimedia software product produced by Delrina, which debuted in June 1995. It was touted internally as a "cross [of] Quark Xpress and Myst". It featured an immersive 3D environment where a user could go to a virtual desktop in a virtual office and assemble video and audio clips along with images, and then print them out as either a virtual book other users of the program could use, or for print. It was a highly innovative product for its time, and ultimately was hampered by the inability of many users able to input their own multimedia content easily into a computer from that period.

Creative Wonders bought the rights to the Echo Lake multimedia product, which was re-shaped as an introductory program on multimedia and re-released as Family Album Creator.

References

External links
My Echo Lake Scrapbook

Graphics software
Delrina software
CHAIN (industry standard). The CECED Convergence Working Group has defined a new platform, called CHAIN (Ceced Home Appliances Interoperating
Network), which defines a protocol for interconnecting different home appliances in a single multibrand system.

It allows for control and automation of all basic appliance-related services in a home: e.g., remote control of appliance operation, energy or load management, remote diagnostics and automatic maintenance support to appliances, downloading and updating of data, programs  and services (possibly from the Internet).

See also
 KNX/EIB
 LonWorks
 OSGi

References

Home automation
Interoperability

ja:欧州家電機器委員会#CHAIN
Nat (unit). The natural unit of information (symbol: nat), sometimes also nit  or nepit, is a unit of information or information entropy, based on natural logarithms and powers of e, rather than the powers of 2 and base 2 logarithms, which define the shannon. This unit is also known by its unit symbol, the nat.  One nat is the information content of an event when the probability of that event occurring is 1/e.

One nat is equal to  shannons ≈ 1.44 Sh or, equivalently,  hartleys ≈ 0.434 Hart.

History 
Boulton and Wallace used the term nit in conjunction with minimum message length, which was subsequently changed by the minimum description length community to nat to avoid confusion with the nit used as a unit of luminance.

Alan Turing used the natural ban.

Entropy 
Shannon entropy (information entropy), being the expected value of the information of an event, is inherently a quantity of the same type and with a unit of information.  The International System of Units, by assigning the same unit (joule per kelvin) both to heat capacity and to thermodynamic entropy implicitly treats information entropy as a quantity of dimension one, with .  Systems of natural units that normalize the Boltzmann constant to 1 are effectively measuring thermodynamic entropy with the nat as unit.

When the shannon entropy is written using a natural logarithm,

it is implicitly giving a number measured in nats.

Notes

References

Further reading 
 

Units of information
Evolving classification function. Evolving classification functions (ECF), evolving classifier functions or evolving classifiers are used for classifying and clustering in the field of machine learning and artificial intelligence, typically employed for data stream mining tasks in dynamic and changing environments.

See also
Supervised Classification on Data Streams 
Evolving fuzzy rule-based Classifier (eClass )
Evolving Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy systems (eTS )
Evolving All-Pairs (ensembled) classifiers (EFC-AP )
Evolving Connectionist Systems (ECOS)
Dynamic Evolving Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (DENFIS)
Evolving Fuzzy Neural Networks (EFuNN)
Evolving Self-Organising Maps
neuro-fuzzy techniques
hybrid intelligent systems
fuzzy clustering
Growing Neural Gas

References

Classification algorithms
Dongfeng Nengdi. Dongfeng Nengdi (Hangzhou) Motor Co., Ltd. also known as just DND is a Chinese manufacturer of fire trucks.

History

The company was known as Dongfeng Nissan Diesel Motor Co., Ltd. (), which was a joint venture between the Dongfeng Motor Group and UD Trucks (now part of Isuzu) established in 1996. They held 50% of its shares respectively.

The company was later renamed to Dongvo (Hangzhou) Truck Co., Ltd. () in 2013, and in 2017 to Dongfeng Nengdi (Hangzhou) Motor Co., Ltd..

Plants

Products
 KuTeng (), based on UD Quester

References

External links
 

Manufacturing companies based in Hangzhou
Fire service vehicle manufacturers
Truck manufacturers of China
Dongfeng Motor
Class F. Class F or F class may refer to:

 NZR F class, steam locomotives used in New Zealand
  Class F, a stellar classification
 Class F, a type of race car sometimes referred to as F-P as well, for F-Production
 Class F, an airspace class defined by the ICAO
 Class F, a designation for model aircraft defined by the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale
 F Class or CIE 501 Class, a narrow gauge diesel locomotive used on the former West Clare Railway in Ireland
 F-Class (shooting sport), a high power rifle discipline
 F-class escort ship, ships used by the Kriegsmarine during the Second World War
 F-class destroyer (disambiguation), several classes of ships
 F-class submarine (disambiguation), several classes of submarines
 F-class Melbourne tram
 F-class Sydney tram
 Class F cable, a telecommunications cable
 Class F fire, a class used for fire extinguishers
 Class F fly ash
 F-segment, a European vehicle size class
 F class, code used by some airlines for first class

See also
 F type (disambiguation)
Agitator (device). An agitator is a device or mechanism to put something into motion by shaking or stirring. There are several types of agitation machines, including washing machine agitators (which rotate back and forth) and magnetic agitators (which contain a magnetic bar rotating in a magnetic field). Agitators can come in many sizes and varieties, depending on the application.

In general, agitators usually consist of an impeller and a shaft. An impeller is a rotor located within a tube or conduit attached to the shaft. It helps enhance the pressure in order for the flow of a fluid be done. Modern industrial agitators incorporate process control to maintain better control over the mixing process.

Washing machine agitator

In a top load washing machine the agitator projects from the bottom of the wash basket and creates the wash action by rotating back and forth, rolling garments from the top of the load, down to the bottom, then back up again.

There are several types of agitators with the most common being the "straight-vane" and "dual-action" agitators. The "straight-vane" is a one-part agitator with bottom and side fins that usually turns back and forth. The Dual-action is a two-part agitator that has bottom washer fins that move back and forth and a spiral top that rotates clockwise to help guide the clothes to the bottom washer fins.

The modern agitator, which is dual-action, was first made in Kenmore Appliances washing machines in the 1980s to present. These agitators are known by the company as dual-rollover and triple-rollover action agitators.

Magnetic agitator

This is a device formed by a metallic bar (called the agitation bar) which is normally covered by a plastic layer, and a sheet that has underneath it a rotatory magnet or a series of electromagnets arranged in a circular form to create a magnetic rotatory field. Commonly, the sheet has an arrangement of electric resistances that can heat some chemical solutions.

During the operation of a typical magnetic agitator, the agitator bar is moved inside a container such as to dissolve a substance in a liquid. The container must be placed on the sheet, so that the magnetic field influences the agitation bar and makes it rotate. This allows it to mix different substances at high speeds.

Agitation rack
An agitation rack is a special form of agitator used to store platelets. It is composed of a series of clasps attached to motorised bars, that rock the specimens of platelets gently back-and-forth. This prevents them from becoming activated and adhering to one another, which cannot be reversed by any current means.

See also
 Impeller
 Tedder
 Mixing (disambiguation)
 Mixing paddle

References 

1. Uses of Agitators, June 26, 2012

2. Agitator, May 30, 2016

3. Agitator tank device and drag reduction agent evaluation October, 23, 2018 

4. Slurry Agitators October, 23, 2018

Specific

Mechanical engineering
Fluid dynamics
Laundry washing equipment
Productionisation. Productionisation (Commonwealth English) or productionization (American English) is the process of turning a prototype of a design into a version that can be more easily mass-produced. It is mostly a necessary step in the development of any product, since it is rare that the initial design is free from flaws or construction methods which make it difficult or more expensive to manufacture.

Prototypes are very often constructed by hand, or with more limited tooling. This is done to save costs where the design may not even be subsequently approved for manufacture. Once the go-ahead for a production run is given, the much more costly production tooling can be ordered. At this stage, the design itself may need to be reworked or altered to streamline production. The goal is to reduce costs as much as possible at the assembly stage, since costs will be multiplied by the number of units produced. For example, a prototype might be assembled using nuts and bolts, but in production such fasteners might be replaced by captive nuts or threaded holes built into the parts, making assembly much faster, easier and therefore cheaper.

Sometimes limited runs of a design might be manufactured without full productionisation.

Other examples of productionisation include:

 plastic mouldings instead of hand-constructed parts
 built-in fasteners
 snap-together or machine welded parts instead of using fasteners
 custom integrated circuits instead of discrete electronic components
 customised IT solutions released into a live environment.

Productionisation is a term that is increasingly prevalent in Software Development. One reason for this is the popularity of agile type development methods, which often focus on building a prototype solution to develop and refine the product to the business requirements. Prior to putting the system into production, the developers need to ensure the system is robust enough for the target environment with regard to aspects such as error handling, stability, usability, scalability and performance. This process of making the prototype ‘production or enterprise grade’ is often referred to as ‘Productionisation’.

References

Industrial design
Product development