omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
2nd Space Launch Squadron. The 2nd Space Launch Squadron is an active United States Space Force unit.  It is located at Vandenberg Space Force Base, California, and was reactivated in July 2019 with the merger of the 4th Space Launch Squadron and the 1st Air and Space Test Squadron.

History
When founded, the two launch squadrons at Vandenberg Air Force Base divided launch duties, with the 4th Space Launch Squadron working with Titan II and Titan IV vehicles while the 2nd worked with Delta II, Atlas, and other launch vehicles. On 18 May 1998, the two squadrons merged into the 2nd SLS.  The merged squadron was responsible for all launch operations at Vandenberg AFB.  The reason for the merger was the similarity in missions performed by both units. It was inactivated after the last Titan IV launch. In June 2019 the 4th Space Launch Squadron and the 1st Air and Space Test Squadron merged and reactivated as the 2nd Space Launch Squadron. The reestablished unit took on all the missions of both the 1st Air and Space Test Squadron and the 4th Space Launch Squadron. the 2nd Space Launch Squadron was one of only two space launch squadrons in the U.S. Air Force. the other being the 5th Space launch Squadron at Cape Canaveral.

Both space launch squadrons are now part of the U.S. Space Force.

Lineage
 Constituted as the 2d Space Launch Squadron on 11 September 1990
 Activated on 1 October 1990
 Inactivated on 31 October 2005
 Activated on 1 June 2019

Assignments
 Western Space and Missile Center, 1 October 1990
 30th Operations Group, 19 November 1991
 30th Launch Group, 1 December 2003 - 31 October 2005
 30th Operations Group, 1 June 2019

Stations
Vandenberg Air Force Base, California, 1 October 1990 – 31 October 2005; 1 June 2019 - present

Aircraft  and missiles
Atlas E
Atlas IIAS
Delta II
Titan IV
Titan II, 1 October 1990 – 2005

Decorations
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award
 1 November 1991 - 30 September 1993

List of commanders

 Lt Col Clinton Crosier, July 2001–July 2003
 Lt Col David D. Thompson, June 2002–July 2004
 Lt Col Brian Chatman, June 2018-July 2020
 Lt Col Ken Peters, July 2020-June 2022
 Lt Col Shane Rexius, June 2022-21 June 2024
 Lt Col Andrew Singleton, 21 June 2024-present

References

Bibliography

External links
 Vandenberg Air Force Base

Squadrons of the United States Space Force
4th Space Launch Squadron. The United States Air Force's 4th Space Launch Squadron was a space launch unit located at Vandenberg Air Force Base, California.  It was active at Vandenberg from 1994 to 1998 and again from 2003 to 2019.  It launched various satellites into orbit from the complex of launch pads at Vandenberg.

Mission
The 4th Space Launch Squadron was the Air Force's Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) launch agency for the West Coast.  The EELV system is a liquid-fueled first stage Common Booster Core (CBC) that can be used alone, with strap-on solid fuel rocket boosters, or as a configuration of three CBCs acting as a more powerful booster.

History
The squadron was activated at Vandenberg Air Force Base, California on 15 April 1994.  Until it was inactivated in June 1998, it launched surveillance and meteorological satellites into polar orbit.

After reactivation in 2003, the squadron managed operations for EELVs.  The EELV program was intended to develop provide alternatives to older and expensive heavy-lift launch vehicles, such as the Titan IV. EELVs include:
 The Boeing Delta IV.  There are different configurations for the Delta IV, which can lift payloads from 9,000 lb to over 13,000 lb into Geosynchronous Orbit. 
 The Lockheed Martin Atlas V.  This system also has different available configurations, and can lift payloads between 10,000 lb and 30,000 lb to Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit. 
 The Delta II, a heritage vehicle smaller than the newer Delta IV. The Delta II can have up to nine external rockets strapped to its main stage, increasing lift capability. It can send approximately 4,000 lb into Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit.

Lineage
 Constituted as the 4th Space Launch Squadron on 29 March 1994
 Activated on 15 April 1994
 Inactivated on 29 June 1998
 Activated on 1 December 2003
 Inactivated on 31 May 2019 (in merger with 1st Air and Space Test Squadron as 2nd Space Launch Squadron)

Assignments
 30th Operations Group, 15 April 1994 – 29 June 1998
 30th Launch Group, 1 Dec 2003 – 20 July 2018
 30th Operations Group, 20 July 2018 – 31 May 2019

Stations
 Vandenberg Air Force Base, California, 15 April 1994 – 29 June 1998
 Vandenberg Air Force Base, California, 1 December 2003 – 31 May 2019

Decorations

Launch Vehicles
 Titan II (1997–1998)
 Titan IV (1995–1997)
 Delta IV (2003–2019)
 Atlas V (2003–2019)

References

Notes

Bibliography

Military units and formations in California
Space Launch 0004
1st Space Launch Squadron. The United States Air Force's 1st Space Launch Squadron was a space launch unit located at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida. It was responsible for USAF Delta II launches from its activation in October 1990 to its inactivation in August 2009.

History
Air Force launch operations were transferred from Air Force Systems Command to Air Force Space Command in the early 1990s.  Phase I of the Launch Transfer Plan began on 1 October 1990, with the redesignation of the Eastern and Western Space and Missile Centers, as the 30th and 45th Space Wings.

The 1st Space Launch Squadron was activated on 1 October 1990 and became Air Force Space Command's first Delta II launch squadron. Its final launch of a Delta II was on 17 August 2009. Its final launch successfully placed the USA-206, or GPS IIR-21(M) navigation satellite into orbit.  The squadron was inactivated on 30 September.

Lineage
 Constituted as the 1st Space Launch Squadron on 11 September 1990
 Activated on 1 October 1990
 Inactivated on 30 September 2009

Assignments
 Eastern Space and Missile Center, 1 October 1990
 45th Operations Group, 12 November 1991
 45th Launch Group, 1 December 2003 – 30 September 2009

Stations
 Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida, 1 October 1990 – 30 September 2009

Space Launch Vehicles
 Delta II, 1990-2009

References

Notes

External links
 United States Air Force: Patrick Air Force Base

0001
Space Launch 0001
111th Space Operations Squadron. The United States Air Force's 111th Space Operations Squadron (111 SOPS) is an Air National Guard space communications unit located at Sky Harbor International Airport, Arizona. 111 SOPS is the military's first unit to operate free-floating balloons in the near space environment.

Previous designations
 111th Space Operations Squadron (2003 – present)
 Det 2, Arizona Air National Guard (???)

Bases stationed
Sky Harbor International Airport, Arizona (2003 – present)

Equipment Operated
Combat SkySat balloons (2003 – present)

References

External links
 Arizona Air National Guard

Squadrons of the United States Air National Guard
Military units and formations in Arizona
Space Operations 0111
Laser Vago. The Laser Vago is a British/American sailing dinghy that was designed by Jo Richards  as a one-design racer and first built in 2005.

Production
The design was built starting in 2005 by LaserPerformance in United  Kingdom and in the United States, but by 2022 production had ended.

Design
The Laser Vago is a recreational sailboat, with then hull built predominantly of rotational moulded polyethylene tri-skin foam sandwich. The hull has a sharply single chined design. It has a fractional sloop rig, a raked stem, a plumb transom, a transom-hung rudder controlled by a tiller and a retractable daggerboard. It displaces .

The boat has a draft of  with the daggerboard extended. With the daggerboard removed the boat can be beached or transported on a trailer or car roof rack.

There are "standard" and XD "race" models, with the latter model equipped with sails of larger area. The boat is rated as a skill level of intermediate to advanced.

For sailing the design may be equipped with an asymmetrical spinnaker, flown from a retractable bowsprit and a single trapeze.

The design has a Royal Yacht Club Portsmouth Yardstick racing average handicap of 1074 and is normally raced with a crew of one or two sailors. The optimal crew weight is .

Operational history

The boat was named Sailing World magazine's "Best One-Design Dinghy" for 2007.

In a 2007 review for Sailing World, Chuck Allen wrote, "This boat is designed to be many things; singlehander, doublehander, fast trainer, and all-around fun, planing dinghy for whoever feels the need for speed in an inexpensive, durable design. Several key design features enable this 13'9" rocketship to get on a plane sooner than similar dinghies. The hard chine Richards designed into the hull combines with its rocker, which makes the boat handle like a dream during maneuvers. Its flared gunwales provide flotation and good righting moment. The XD version, which has 30 more square feet of sail area than the standard Vago, as well as a trapeze, is, quite simply, a ton of fun to sail ... Overall, sailing the boat is a great experience mostly because of the speed."

See also
List of sailing boat types

References

External links

Dinghies
2000s sailboat type designs
Two-person sailboats
Sailboat type designs by Jo Richards
Sailboat types built by LaserPerformance
Global Positioning Systems Directorate. The United States Space Force's Global Positioning Systems Directorate is a unit of Space Systems Command located at Los Angeles AFB, California.

Mission 
To develop, produce and maintain the fleet of Global Positioning System satellites, their associated ground control equipment, and end-user technologies. The day-to-day operations of the GPS network are handled by the 50th Space Wing.

History

Previous designations 
 GPS Joint Program Office (JPO) 1973–2006
 Global Positioning Systems Wing(GPSW) 2006-

Bases stationed 
 Los Angeles AFB, California

List of directors 
 Col  Wesley Ballenger Jr., ~2003–18 June 2007
 Col David Madden, 18 June 2007–July 2010
 Col Bernard Gruber, July 2010–13 June 2013
 Col William Cooley, 13 June 2013 – 8 July 2015
 Col Steven P. Whitney, 8 July 2015–June 2019
 Col John C. Claxton

References

External links
 GPSW Fact Sheet
 2007 July Interview with Col. David Madden  Inside GNSS

Military units and formations in California
Units and formations of the United States Space Force
Infrared Space Systems Directorate. The United States Air Force's Infrared Space Systems Directorate is located at Los Angeles Air Force Base.

Current and former designations:
Infrared Space Systems Directorate (2011–present)
Space-Based Infrared Systems Wing (197?-2011)

References

External links
 SBIRSW Fact Sheet
 Ars Technica: How US Satellites Pinpointed Source of Missile that Shot Down Airliner - July 19, 2014

Space-Based Infrared Systems Wing
Military units and formations in California
Supermarine B.12/36. The Supermarine B.12/36 was a British prototype four-engine heavy bomber design that was destroyed by enemy action before completion during the Second World War.

Design and development

In 1936 the Air Ministry issued specification B12/36, its first for a four-engined heavy bomber for the Royal Air Force. Supermarine, among others, were invited to tender a design.

Supermarine's design, the Type 316, was a single-spar, mid-wing aircraft; the leading edge was swept back but the trailing edge was straight. Bombs were carried in both the wings and the fuselage and defensive armament was in three turrets. Of the different powerplants suggested for the Type 316, there were three of more than 1,000 hp (746 kW): the Rolls-Royce Merlin, the Bristol Hercules radial engine and the Napier Dagger. The aircraft's estimated maximum speed was between  and the estimated cruising speed was . The estimated operating ceiling was around  and range was .

The different proposals were considered by the Air Ministry in late 1936. The 316 was initially low down in the list of preferred designs behind Vickers, Boulton Paul and Armstrong Whitworth but by January 1937 it had been selected as the preferred choice. Both the Air Ministry and Supermarine initiated changes to the design, giving it a larger wing area and a twin tail unit. This revised design was the Type 317 and two prototypes with Hercules engines were ordered on 22 March 1937.

The Short S.29 was considered as a backup but re-design work was requested and in June the Air Ministry decided to order prototypes of that also. The death of the 316's chief designer R. J. Mitchell had made the Supermarine design riskier.
Supermarine continued with design work for a Merlin engined version – the Type 318. In July 1937 Supermarine were told to stop work on the 318 to concentrate on the 317.

While still under construction, the two prototypes and the construction plans were effectively lost when the Supermarine Works at Woolston was bombed by the Luftwaffe on 26 September 1940. The Air Ministry formally cancelled the order in November.

The Short S.29 was accepted into service as the Short Stirling and was the principal British four-engine heavy bomber until eclipsed by the Handley Page Halifax and Avro Lancaster, both coming out of specification B13/36 for a twin-engined bomber.

Specifications (Type 317 estimated performance)

Notes and references

 RJ Mitchell. A life in aviation accessed 13 March 2008
 Buttler, Tony British Secret Projects: Fighters & Bombers 1935-1950 Midland Publishing.

External links
Artist's impression of the Supermarine 318

1930s British bomber aircraft
B.12 36
Mid-wing aircraft
Four-engined tractor aircraft
Four-engined piston aircraft
Aircraft with retractable conventional landing gear
Twin-tail aircraft
Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United Kingdom
Unflown aircraft
LFG Roland D.VI. The Roland D.VI was a German fighter aircraft built at the end of World War I. It lost a fly-off to the Fokker D.VII, but production went ahead anyway as insurance against problems with the Fokker.

Design and development
The Roland D.VI was designed by the Luft-Fahrzeug-Gesellschaft (L.F.G.), (whose aircraft were made under the trade name "Roland" after 1914 to avoid confusion with the Luftverkehrsgesellschaft m.b.H (L.V.G.)) late in 1917, with the prototype being the 1000th aircraft to be built by L.F.G., first flying in November 1917. The D.VI was a single bay biplane which discarded the L.F.G.-Roland patented Wickelrumpf (literally "wrapped body"), or semi-monocoque fuselage, constructed with two layers of thin plywood strips, diagonally wrapped around a male form to create a "half-shell", that used in previous L.F.G aircraft such as the Roland C.II, D.I and D.II in favour of the equally unusual (for aircraft use) Klinkerrumpf (or clinker-built) construction where the fuselage was built of overlapping thin strips of spruce over a light wooden framework. Visibility for the pilot was good, while the aircraft had above average manoeuvrability.

Operational history
 
In January 1918, two D.VIs were entered into the first fighter competition held by Idflieg at Adlershof, one powered by a 160 hp (119 kW) Mercedes D.III engine and the other by a Benz Bz.IIIa of similar power and, like the Mercedes, another upright, inline, six cylinder engine .  Although the winner of the competition was the cheaper Fokker D.VII, orders were placed for the Roland as insurance against production problems with the Fokker.

A total of 350 were built, 150 D.VIas powered by the Mercedes, while the remaining 200 were powered by the Benz and were called D.VIb.  Deliveries started in May 1918, with 70 D.VIs in frontline service on 31 August 1918.

The only surviving artifact of the LFG Roland D.VI still existing in the 21st century is the complete fuselage of a D.VIb, displaying IdFlieg military serial number 2225/18, on display at the Polish Aviation Museum in Kraków, Poland.

Operators

 Czechoslovak Air Force

Luftstreitkräfte
Kaiserliche Marine
Freikorps

Specifications (Roland D.VIb)

See also

Notes

Bibliography

 Gray, Peter and Owen Thetford. German Aircraft of the First World War. London: Putnam, 1962.
 Gray, Peter Laurence. German Aircraft of the First World War. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday & Co., 1970.
 Green, William and Gordon Swanborough. The Complete Book of Fighters. New York: Smithmark, 1994. .

External links

The L.F.G Roland D.VIa
Performance tests of Roland D.VIb with 200 hp Benz

1910s German fighter aircraft
D.VI
Aircraft first flown in 1917
Heinz Hunsdiecker. Heinz Hunsdiecker (22 January 1904 – 22 November 1981) was a German chemist who together with his wife Cläre Hunsdiecker (1903–1995) improved a reaction of Alexander Borodin now known as the Hunsdiecker reaction. They received both US and German patents for the work.

References

1904 births
1981 deaths
20th-century German chemists
Scientific Ecology Group. Scientific Ecology Group, Inc. located in Oak Ridge, Tennessee was founded by H.W.(Bud) Arrowsmith in 1985.  It quickly grew to become the leading radioactive waste processor in the United States employing 1,400 personnel at its largest. Treatment technologies included supercompaction, incineration, vitrification and metal melt.

In 1989, Westinghouse Electric acquired Scientific Ecology Group.

In 1997, GTS Duratek acquired Scientific Ecology Group.

In 2006, EnergySolutions acquired Duratek

References 

Companies based in Tennessee
Waste management companies of the United States
Waverider (disambiguation). A waverider is a type of hypersonic aircraft that takes advantage of compression lift from its own shock wave.

Waverider or wave rider, may also refer to:

Transportation and vehicles
 Boeing X-51 Waverider, a hypersonic research aircraft
 Wave Rider class patrolboat, from the Naval Boat Building Yard (Sri Lanka)
 Wave Rider a series of ocean-going robots by Liquid Robotics

Sports
 Delhi Waveriders, Delhi, India; a field hockey team
 WaveRiders, Kealakehe High School, Kailau, Hawaii, USA; the school sports team

Surfing
 surfer, the person or board (surfboard), used in surfing
 Wave Rider, a surfing magazine
 Waveriders (film), a 2008 surfing documentary film
 Wave Riders Association of Afghanistan, the surfing sports federation

Arts and entertainment
 Waverider (character), a DC Comics superhero
 Waverider (character), a Transformers character from The Transformers: Spotlight
 Waverider, a flume ride at HerseyPark, Hersey, Pennsylvania, USA; see History of Hersheypark

Other uses
 WaveRider Communications

See also

 Waverunner (disambiguation)
 
 
 Rider (disambiguation)
 Wave (disambiguation)
Fournier RF 5. The Fournier RF 5 is a two-seat motor glider designed by  .

Design and development
The RF 5 is based on the single seater Fournier RF 4, and is a low-winged monoplane of all-wooden construction, with the crew of two sat in a tandem enclosed cockpit. It is semi-aerobatic with loops, stall turns, lazy eights, chandelles and spins approved. It has a manually retractable center landing gear, a steerable tailwheel and detachable outrigger landing gear. Spoilers are available to reduce lift. The wingtips of the parked aircraft can be unlocked and folded inwards by a single person to reduce required hangar space.

Variants
RF 5B An improved high-performance version. Powered by a 50.7 kW (68 hp) Limbach SL 1700 E Comet engine. One prototype build by Alpavia.
RF 5B Sperber A high performance powered sailplane with  span wings. Build by Sportavia-Putzer Gmbh. U Co. Kg.
AeroJaén RF5-AJ1 Serrania
License built version produced by Aeronáutica del Jaén SA

Specifications (RF 5)

See also

References

Fournier aircraft
1960s French sailplanes
Motor gliders
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1968
SJ T44. T44 is a Swedish diesel-electric locomotive built by Nydqvist & Holm (NOHAB) and Kalmar Verkstad (KVAB) in 123 units between 1968 and 1987. It was the successor of T43, and used both for hauling and shunting. It is the most common diesel locomotive in Sweden, with state-owned Green Cargo as the largest operator. Other operators include Israel Railways (one), Malmtrafik (two) and formerly Norwegian State Railways (one, designated NSB Di 7) and Inlandsbanan AB.

History
Though mainly used for shunting and freight hauling, T44 class members have occasionally been used to haul passenger trains. In the 1970s they were used on the unelectrified Borlänge-Mora line, and in 1990s on the Inland Line. Compared to the predecessor T43 class, the T44 is more powerful and has a modernized drivers cab, with better noise insulation, though there are many similarities between the models. In appearance the T44 is somewhat more square than the predecessors. Up to three T44s can run in multiple units.

In 1993, SJ T44 276 was sold to the NSB for use as a shunter on the Ofoten Line, and given the designation NSB Di 7, and numbered 634. This engine was transferred, along with SJ T44 283, to Malmtrafik in 1996. When the Swedish State Railways () was split in 2001, Green Cargo took over all the T44 locomotives, though four were sold to the Swedish railway company TGOJ (now a subsidiary of Green Cargo). In 2007, Green Cargo has ordered a full renovation of 100 units from Bombardier Transportation which included new four-stroke engines from MTU (type 12V 4000 R43). The renovation is expected to extend the life-time with 15–20 years.
The first rebuilt units were delivered in 2009 and are called Td.

Gallery

References

External links

Järnväg.net entry on T44 
Norsk Jernbaneklubb entry on Di 7 
Jernbane.net entry on T44 SJ - Green Cargo 
Jernbane.net entry on Di 7 

Diesel locomotives of Sweden
Bo′Bo′ locomotives
T44
Green Cargo locomotives
NOHAB locomotives
Iron Ore Line
Railway locomotives introduced in 1968
Standard gauge locomotives of Sweden
Shunting locomotives
NSB El 7. NSB El 7 was a series electric locomotives delivered between 1911 and 1918 to Norsk Transport that operated the Rjukan Line and the Tinnoset Line, where they were designated RjB.1, 2, 3, 6, 7 and 8. The locomotives were built by AEG (motor) and Skabo (chassis).

The first three locomotives were delivered to the Rjukan Line along with two smaller units, RjB 4 and 5 (which were given the designation El 6 by NSB). El 7 is exactly two El 6; it has two transformers, four motors instead of two, Bo'Bo' instead of Bo axle arrangement, two pantographs, the same speed, and could haul twice the load. The locomotives cost NOK 52,090 in 1911.

When two of the locos (no. 1 and 3) were transferred to Norwegian State Railways in 1920 after NSB took over the Tinnoset Line, where they were designated El 7 and numbered 2501 and 2502. Number 1 was sold back to Norsk Transport in 1932 while number 3 was transferred to Narvik in 1927 after it had been converted from 10 to 15 kV. It returned to Drammen in 1936 and remained there until it was taken out of service in 1956; RjB 6 was retired in 1960, the rest remained in service with Norsk Transport in 1966 when they were replaced with NSB El 1 (given numbers 14 and 15). No. 2501 is retained at the Norwegian Railway Museum.

References

External links
Jernbane.net entry on the El 7

El 07
AEG locomotives
15 kV AC locomotives
Bo-Bo locomotives
Electric locomotives of Norway
Railway locomotives introduced in 1911
Norsk Transport locomotives
Standard gauge locomotives of Norway
NSB El 6. NSB El 6 was a series of two electric locomotive delivered  in 1912 to Norsk Transport that operated the Rjukan Line and the Tinnoset Line, where they were designated RjB.4 and 5. The locomotives were built by AEG (motor) and Skabo (chassis) and delivered at the same time as RjB.1–3 (later El 7) locomotives for the electrification of the Rjukan Line.

They were exactly "half" of the larger 1–3 units, with two motors, one pantograph and one transformer.

In 1920 RjB.4 was transferred to Norwegian State Railways and designated El 6, numbered 2503. In 1934 it was rebuilt from 10 to 15 kV and moved to Drammen. It was taken out of service in 1956, while the Rjukan Line took its out of service in 1960; neither have been preserved.

References

External links
Jernbane.net entry on the El 6

El 06
AEG locomotives
15 kV AC locomotives
B locomotives
Rjukan Line
Electric locomotives of Norway
Railway locomotives introduced in 1912
Norsk Transport locomotives
Standard gauge locomotives of Norway