omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Henri Hureau de Sénarmont. Henri Hureau de Sénarmont (6 September 1808 – 30 June 1862) was a French mineralogist and physicist. 

He was born in Broué, Eure-et-Loir. From 1822 to 1826, he studied at the École Polytechnique in Paris, then furthered his education at the École des Mines. During the course of his career, he became engineer-in-chief of mines, and professor of mineralogy and director of studies at the École des Mines in Paris.

Sénarmont was distinguished for his research on polarization and demonstrating the anisotropy of heat diffusion in a crystal, and on the artificial formation of minerals. A polarized light retardation compensator known as a "Sénarmont prism polarizer" is named after him, as is senarmontite, a mineral that he described in 1851.

He wrote essays and prepared maps on the geology of Seine-et-Marne and Seine-et-Oise for the Geological Survey of France (1844). He admired the work of Augustin Fresnel, and endeavored to prepare of an entire edition of Fresnel's works. The project was far enough advanced prior to his death that it could be completed by other authors ("Oeuvres complètes d'Augustin Fresnel", 1866–70).

References

External links 
 Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Volume 15 edited by Donald O. Thompson, Dale E. Chimenti 

19th-century French geologists
French mineralogists
1808 births
1862 deaths
Members of the French Academy of Sciences
People from Eure-et-Loir
19th-century French physicists
Walter E. Mooney. Walter E. Mooney (June 6, 1925 – March 1, 1990) was a MIT educated engineer, aircraft designer, pilot and model aircraft designer who lived in San Diego, California. He was well known professionally for his full scale aircraft efforts for Convair division of General Dynamics but more popularly known for the many plans and articles published in the magazines Model Airplane News, Boys' Life, and Aero Modeller in the 1960s. He was once featured as a daredevil glider pilot on the 1973 TV series Thrill Seekers. He designed the ROHR Two-175 Experimental Aircraft almost put in production to compete against the Cessna 172 in 1971.

The Flying Aces model club of Washington has held a Walt Mooney Memorial model airplane meet named in his honor.

Examples
 Piper PA 25 Pawnee, with Plan, by Walter Mooney Model Airplane News, December 1965, Vol. 72, No. 6
 List of Mooney Plans
 Walt Mooney on FF - Scale from January 1974 American Aircraft Modeler

References
 The Academy of Model Aeronautics History Program Presents: Biography of WALTER E. MOONEY 1926 to March 1, 1990 (Oral History)
 American Modeler: The Best in Model Planes, Radio Control, Model Boats, 1961, page 61

1925 births
1990 deaths
Model aircraft
20th-century American engineers
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
HDMS Flyvefisken (P550). HDMS Flyvefisken (P550) is a Danish warship. She is the name ship in the Flyvefisken class, which is also known as the Standardflex 300 or SF300 class. In 2007, Flyvefisken was sold to the Lithuanian Navy, which renamed her LKL Zemaitis.

References

External links
 http://www.naval-technology.com/projects/fly/

Flyvefisken-class patrol vessels
Ships built in Denmark
1986 ships
Flyvefisken-class patrol vessels of the Lithuanian Naval Force
Patrol vessels of Lithuania
Florin Popențiu Vlădicescu. 'Florin Popenţiu Vlădicescu' is Professor of Software Engineering.

Career
He is an associated Professor at University "Politehnica" of Bucharest and since the academic year of 1997/98, he has been appointed as "UNESCO professor" at City University, London. Before that, he was a visiting professor at a number of renowned European technical universities such as the ENST- Telecom ParisTech , the ETH-Zurich or Technical University of Denmark.
Prof. Florin POPENTIU VLÃDICESCU has published over 100 papers in International Journals and Conference Proceedings and is co-author of 4 books.

He has worked for many years on problems associated with software reliability and has been Co-Director of two NATO research projects involving collaboration with partner institutions throughout Europe. He is on advisory board of several international journals, Reliability and Risk Analysis: Theory & Applications   and Microelectronics and Reliability  . He is reviewer for ACM Computing Reviews , IJCSIS , and Associated Editor to IJICT  .

Also he is a member of ENBIS , IEE, IEEE and IEEE Communications Society. Dr. Florin POPENTIU has been elected Fellow of the Academy of Romanian Scientists  in 2008. He is EU Expert for H2020  and ALL EU Programme  . His Research ID is E-5787-2010 . Also in 2009 he has been nominated UNESCO Expert  in the field of Higher Education, Research and Knowledge.

Prof. Florin POPENTIU VLÃDICESCU is currently Visiting Professor at "ParisTech" which includes the "Grandes Ecoles", The ATHENS Programme[], where he teaches courses on Software Reliability  . He also lectures on Software Reliability at International Master of Science in Computer Systems Engineering - Technical University of Denmark  .

Charitable Activities

Professor Florin POPENTIU VLÃDICESCU is Chairman of the following Charitable Trusts:Academie des Arts "Elena Teodorini , "Elena Teodorini" Academy of Arts and Sciences - London  and "Elena Teodorini" Foundation-Bucharest

References

1. UNESCO Chairholder, 

2. Total Quality for Software Engineering Management, Springer,  

3. Software Reliability - DTU

Links

1.Elena Teodorini :Georges Bizet "Carmen, opera (Habanera)" record 1903 

2.Elena Teodorini :Gaetano Donizetti "Lucrezia Borgia, opera (Rondo)" record 1903 

3.Elena Teodorini :Gaetano Donizetti "Lucrezia Borgia, opera (M'odi, ah m'odi)" record 1903 

4.Elena Teodorini :Amilcare Ponchielli "La Gioconda, opera in 4 acts (Preghiera)" record 1903 

5.Elena Teodorini :Amilcare Ponchielli "La Gioconda, opera in 4 acts (Parla (Arditi))" record 1903 

6.Elena Teodorini & Bidu Sayão

Popentiu Vladisceanu, Florin
Living people
1950 births
CLISP. CLISP is an implementation of the programming language Common Lisp originally developed by Bruno Haible and Michael Stoll for the Atari ST. Today it supports the Unix and Microsoft Windows operating systems.

CLISP includes an interpreter, a bytecode compiler, debugger, socket interface, high-level foreign language interface, strong internationalization support, and two object systems: Common Lisp Object System (CLOS) and metaobject protocol (MOP).

It is written in C and Common Lisp. It is now part of the GNU Project and is free software, available under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL).

History
Haible did not originally intend to distribute CLISP under the GPL, but in a well-publicised email exchange with Richard Stallman, he eventually agreed to do so. The issue at stake was whether CLISP was a derivative work of the GNU readline library.

Ports
CLISP is extremely portable, running on almost all Unix-based operating systems as well as on Microsoft Windows. Although interpreting bytecode is usually slower than running compiled native binaries, this is not always a major issue (especially in applications like Web development where I/O is the bottleneck). CLISP is also easier to set up than other popular FOSS Common Lisps such as SBCL.

Adoption
Paul Graham used CLISP to run the software for his Viaweb startup. Viaweb was an early web application; portions of it still exist as Yahoo! Stores, the base for Yahoo Shopping .

Conrad Barski's Land of Lisp uses some CLISP-specific functions in the textbook exercises.

See also

GNU Common Lisp—another GNU Project Common Lisp implementation

References

External links
 
 Clisp article on CLIKI

Common Lisp (programming language) software
Common Lisp implementations
Free and open source interpreters
GNU Project Lisp programming language implementations
Interpreters (computing)
MultiLisp. MultiLisp is a functional programming language, a dialect of the language Lisp, and of its dialect Scheme, extended with constructs for parallel computing execution and shared memory. These extensions involve side effects, rendering MultiLisp nondeterministic. Along with its parallel-programming extensions, MultiLisp also had some unusual garbage collection and task scheduling algorithms. Like Scheme, MultiLisp was optimized for symbolic computing. Unlike some parallel programming languages, MultiLisp incorporated constructs for causing side effects and for explicitly introducing parallelism.

It was designed by Robert H. Halstead Jr., in the early 1980s for use on the 32-processor Concert multiprocessor then being developed at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and implemented in Interlisp. It influenced the development of the Scheme dialects Gambit, and Interlisp-VAX.

PCALL and FUTURE
MultiLisp achieves parallelism with the PCALL macro, where

(PCALL Fun A B C ...)

is equivalent to

(Fun A B C ...)

except that the arguments A, B, C, etc. are explicitly allowed to be evaluated in parallel; this circumvents the usual order of evaluation, which is sequential and left to right. It also makes use of a parallel programming construct called futures, which resembles forking, combined with lazy evaluation. Using this construct, an expression such as

(cons (FUTURE A) (FUTURE B))

can be written, which will overlap the evaluation of the expressions A and B, not only with each other, but with computations that use the result of the cons call, until an operation is performed that needs correct information about the value of A or B.

See also
Speculative evaluation

References

Concurrent programming languages
Dynamically typed programming languages
Functional languages
Lisp programming language family
Multi-paradigm programming languages
Bofors STRIX. Pansarsprängvinggranat m/94 STRIX is a Swedish endphase-guided projectile fired from a 120 mm mortar currently manufactured by Saab Bofors Dynamics.

STRIX is fired like a conventional mortar round. The round contains an infrared imaging sensor that it uses to guide itself onto any tank or armoured fighting vehicle in the vicinity where it lands. The seeker is designed to ignore targets that are already burning.

Launched from any 120 mm mortar, Strix has a normal range of up to . With the addition of a special sustainer motor, however, range can be increased to .

The Strix mortar round uses twelve midsection lateral thruster rockets to provide terminal course corrections.

The tail unit is loaded first with the necessary propelling charges (up to eight increments), then the sustainer motor (if required) and finally, the programmed projectile. A hand-held programming unit is connected to the projectile by cable prior to loading to feed in flight time before seeker activation, and with allowances for terminal phase ballistic conditions.

As well as being fired by conventional mortars, STRIX can be fired by the Advanced Mortar System, an automatic dual 120 mm mortar mounted in a turret for fitting to armoured fighting vehicles.

Feasibility and project definition studies began in 1983, as a joint private venture between FFV Ordnance and Saab Missiles. The first fully guided flight took place in 1988. FFV expected to complete development this year, and to receive a Swedish Army production contract shortly thereafter. The company reports considerable foreign interest, in particular from the US Marine Corps. STRIX has been in service with the Swedish and Swiss Armies since 1994.

See also

References

External links 
 Video of Strix being armed and fired
 STRIX at Saab Bofors Dynamics
 STRIX Precision Guided 120 mm Mortar Launched Weapon

Mortar munitions
Military equipment introduced in the 1990s
Expression-oriented programming language. An expression-oriented programming language is a programming language in which every (or nearly every) construction is an expression and thus yields a value.  The typical exceptions are macro definitions, preprocessor commands, and declarations, which expression-oriented languages often treat as statements.

Lisp and ALGOL 68 are expression-oriented languages. Pascal is not an expression-oriented language.

All functional programming languages are expression-oriented.

Criticism and prevention

Critics, including language designers, blame expression-orientation for an entire class of programming mistakes wherein a programmer accidentally codes an assignment expression, which replaces a variable with an expression rather than testing it for equality with that expression.

The designers of Ada and Java prevent this type of mistake by restricting control expressions to those that evaluate strictly to the boolean data type.

The designers of Python implemented assignment as a statement rather than an expression, thus prohibiting assignment from nesting inside any other statement or expression. (Until version 3.8 added 'assignment expressions', with a different syntax.)

In some expression-oriented languages, expressions that merely cause side effects return void types.

Examples

ALGOL 68
BLISS
Icon
Lisp
ML
Perl
Rebol
Ruby
Elixir
Erlang
Haskell
Rust
Scala
Smalltalk
Kotlin
OCaml

See also
Command–query separation
Functional programming

References

Programming language classification
Air/Space America 88. Air/Space America 88 was an aviation exposition and airshow held at San Diego, California's Brown Field in late May of 1988. It was planned to be the western hemisphere's answer to the Paris Air Show and would be held every even year when the PAS was in hiatus. It was a mammoth event that attracted exhibitors from all over the world, including an Air France Concorde registered F-BVFF and an Antonov An-124. Many aircraft manufacturers brought their latest creations like Boeing's STOL YC-14. The U.S. Air Force Thunderbirds performed along with the usual aerobatic and demonstration flights. Founded by former US Congressman Robert Carlton "Bob" Wilson.  Former Vice President of the United States, George HW Bush presided at the ribbon cutting ceremony.  Congressman Wilson engaged Mr. Daniel S. Mitrovich to serve as Chief Protocol Officer for the visiting Soviets Air expedition with the worlds largest Aircraft the Antonov An-124 Russian aircraft. Mr. Mitrovich was the first American to fly on the worlds largest aircraft at the invitation of the soviet pilots.

Air/Space America 88 was a tremendous success as an air show but was a financial failure resulting in the cancellation of Air/Space America 90.

External links
 Los Angeles Times article - San Diego cancels 1990 Air Show
 Flight International Article - Air/Space America '88 is on

Air shows in the United States
Transportation in San Diego
1980s in San Diego
Aviation in California
1988 in California
May 1988 in the United States
Topotactic transition. In chemistry, a topotactic transition involves a structural change to a crystalline solid, which may include loss or gain of material, so that the final lattice is related to that of the original material by one or more crystallographically equivalent, orientational relationships.

An example is a transition in which the relative structure of the anionic array is unaltered but the cations reorganize as in:

β- ⇒ γ-

An alternate example is the oxidation of magnetite to maghemite.

Sources 

 

Chemical reactions
RET. RET or Ret may refer to:

People 
 Ret Chhon (born 1940), former Cambodian cyclist
 Ret Chol (died 2004), Southern Sudanese politician
 Ret Turner (1929–2016), American costume designer

Engineering and computer science 
 Renewable energy target
 Renewable energy technology
 Resolution enhancement technology, image processing technology used to manipulate dot characteristics
 ret, return from subroutine instruction in the x86 assembly language
 Registered engineering technologist, former certification in Alberta, Canada
 Rehabilitation engineering technologist, a role in rehabilitation engineering
 Ret, a measurement of the resistance to evaporative heat loss

Transportation 
 Retford railway station, by the British National Rail code RET
 Rotterdamse Elektrische Tram, the main public transport operator of Rotterdam, the Netherlands
 Røst Airport, Norway (IATA code)

Biology 
 RET proto-oncogene, a gene on human chromosome 10
 Resonance energy transfer, a mechanism describing energy transfer between two chromophores

Education 
 Research Experiences for Teachers, a program of the National Science Foundation
 Russell Education Trust, a Multi-Academy free school Trust

Other 
 Rational Emotive Therapy, therapy now referred to as rational emotive behavior therapy
 Rational Expectations Theory, economic model-consistent expectations
 Resistance exercise training, a type of physical exercise
 Reticulum, a constellation abbreviated Ret
 Reț, a village in Blăjeni Commune, Hunedoara County, Romania
AT-3. AT-3 may be:

 AT III, a protein in the coagulation system that is activated by Heparin
 AT-3 (jet trainer) of the Republic of China Air Force (Taiwan)
 AT-3 plane, Very Light Aircraft
 AT-3 Sagger, Soviet anti-tank missile
 AT-3 (MATH-MATIC) compiler for UNIVAC mainframe computers
 .at3, extension for audio files compressed with Sony's ATRAC3 algorithm
 Ar tonelico Qoga: Knell of Ar Ciel, a role-playing game for the PlayStation 3
Bellcrank. A bellcrank is a type of crank that changes motion through an angle. The angle can range from 0 to 360 degrees, but 90-degree and 180-degree bellcranks are most common.

The name comes from its first use, changing the vertical pull on a rope to a horizontal pull on the striker of a bell to sound it.

Design
A typical 90-degree bellcrank consists of an L-shaped crank pivoted where the two arms of the L meet. Moving rods or cables are attached to the outer ends of the L. When one is pulled, the L rotates around the pivot point, pulling on the other rod.

A typical 180-degree bellcrank consists of a straight bar that pivots at or near its center. When one rod is pulled or pushed, the bar rotates around the pivot point, pulling or pushing on the other rod.

Changing the length of the bellcrank's arms changes the mechanical advantage of the system. Many applications do not change the direction of motion but instead amplify a force "in line", which a bellcrank can do in a limited space. There is a tradeoff between range of motion, linearity of motion, and size. The greater the angle traversed by the crank, the more the motion ratio changes, and the more non-linear the motion becomes.

Applications

Aircraft
Bellcranks are often used in aircraft flight control systems to connect the pilot's controls to the control surfaces. For example, on light aircraft, the rudder often has a bellcrank (also called a control horn) whose pivot point is the rudder hinge. A cable connects one of the pilot's rudder pedal to one side of the bellcrank. When the pilot pushes the rudder pedal, the cable pulls the bellcrank, causing the rudder to rotate. The opposite rudder pedal is connected to the other end of the bellcrank to rotate the rudder in the opposite direction.

Architectural 
Bellcrank mechanisms were installed at the top of entryway stairs in multi-unit Victorian and Edwardian homes ( to 1930), particularly in the San Francisco Bay Area, to allow residents to open and close the doors remotely so they would not need to walk down the stairs to welcome guests.

Automotive 
Bellcranks are also seen in automotive applications, such as in the linkage connecting the throttle pedal to the carburetor or connecting the brake pedal to the master cylinder.

In vehicle suspensions, bellcranks are used in pullrod and pushrod suspensions in cars or in the Christie suspension in tanks. More vertical suspension designs such as MacPherson struts may not be feasible in some vehicle designs due to space, aerodynamic, or other design constraints; bellcranks translate the vertical motion of the wheel into horizontal motion, allowing the suspension to be mounted transversely or longitudinally within the vehicle.

Bicycles 
Bellcranks are used in some internally geared hub assemblies to select gears. The motion from a Bowden cable is translated by a bellcrank to a push rod, which selects which portion of the epicyclic gears are driven by the bicycle's rear sprocket.

References

External links
 daerospace.com.

Mechanical engineering
Linkages (mechanical)
Erich Gamma. Erich Gamma is a Swiss computer scientist and one of the four co-authors (referred to as "Gang of Four") of the software engineering textbook, Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software.

Gamma, along with Kent Beck, co-wrote the JUnit software testing framework which helped create Test-Driven Development and .  He was the development team lead of the Eclipse platform's Java Development Tools (JDT), and worked on the IBM Rational Jazz project.

In 2011 he joined the Microsoft Visual Studio team and leads a development lab in Zürich, Switzerland that has developed the "Monaco" suite of components for browser-based development, found in products such as Azure DevOps Services (formerly Visual Studio Team Services and Visual Studio Online), Visual Studio Code, Azure Mobile Services, Azure Web Sites, and the Office 365 Development tools.

References

External links
 GitHub account
 

Swiss writers
Living people
Swiss computer scientists
Eclipse (software)
IBM employees
Microsoft technical fellows
Software testing people
Scientists from Zurich
Year of birth missing (living people)
Zinnwaldite. Zinnwaldite, KLiFeAl(AlSi3)O10(OH,F)2, potassium lithium iron aluminium silicate hydroxide fluoride is a silicate mineral in the mica group. The IMA status is as a series between siderophyllite (KFe2Al(Al2Si2)O10(F,OH)2) and polylithionite (KLi2AlSi4O10(F,OH)2) and not considered a valid mineral species.

Name and discovery
It was first described in 1845 in Zinnwald/Cinvald (today Cínovec) on the German-Czech Republic border.

Occurrence
It occurs in greisens, pegmatite, and quartz veins often associated with tin ore deposits. It is commonly associated with topaz, cassiterite, wolframite, lepidolite, spodumene, beryl, tourmaline, and fluorite.

References

Potassium minerals
Iron(II) minerals
Lithium minerals
Aluminium minerals
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 9
Mica group