omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Programmer and Operator Productivity Aid. Programmer and Operator Productivity Aid (POP) is an application package written originally for the IBM System/34, which became much more popular and functional on the IBM System/36 and universal on the Advanced/36.

POP comprises four major tools:
FILE, which provides easy access to disk files;
LIBR, which provides easy access to libraries and library members;
DISKETTE, which provides easy access to diskette files;
FSEDIT, which is a full-screen text editor in the fashion of the System/38 and IBM i text editors.

POP does not have a function for folders.  The Office/36 TEXTFLDR procedure is adequate for this function.

POP programs use a point-and-shoot interface.  Many objects are displayed and to the left of each object is an input field.  The operator interacts by moving the cursor to the desired object and marking it by typing a letter or number which represents a command or function.

References

File managers
IBM software
Zero X. The Zero X is an electric motorcycle manufactured by Zero Motorcycles.

Specifications
The wheels are driven by hardened steel 420 chain and direct drive gearing.

Braking is performed by six-piston calipers per axle, with a  front rotor.

It includes  rear rim with  rear tire and  front tire.

Standard battery pack is made from lithium-ion, with rated range of up to two hours or . Recharging is done using 120 V or 240 V with a charging time of two hours.

Other features include USB port that allow access to the bike's motor controls.

Extreme Package includes Higher Power Perm Motor with 10% more power over stock and faster top end speeds, customized stronger fork.

2009
Changes include improved chassis, which features hydroformed top tub, larger swing arms, thru-axle rear hub, shot-peened and anodized frame, organic frame gusseting, new number plate. As a result, it was  heavier (now ) than 2008 model.

Prototype of 2009 model was unveiled in 2008 Alternative Energy and Transportation Expo in Santa Monica, California.

Sales
On 24 September 2008, Zero Motorcycles announced all 2008 models had been sold out.

References

External links

Official Webpage
Electric Motorcycle
Technologies To Prevent Motorcycle Accidents

X
Electric motorcycles
The Engineer (UK magazine). The Engineer is a London-based monthly magazine and website covering the latest developments and business news in engineering and technology in the UK and internationally.

History and description
The Engineer was founded in January 1856. It was established by Edward Charles Healey, an entrepreneur and engineering enthusiast with financial interests in the railways whose friends included Robert Stephenson and Isambard Kingdom Brunel.  The journal was created as a technical magazine for engineers.

The Engineer began covering  engineering including inventions and patents during a high point of British economic manufacturing power. In the 19th century it also published stock prices of raw materials. Together with the contemporary Engineering journal the work is considered a valuable historical resource for the study of British economic history. Early editors included Vaughan Pendred (1865–1905), Loughnan St Lawrence Pendred (1905–46) and Benjamin Pendred (from 1946).

On 10 July 2012 the magazine announced its final print edition, the editor Jon Excell citing "increasing distribution and production costs, and the impact of an ongoing economic crisis on advertising revenues [which] have conspired to create a challenging environment for magazine publishers". The owner of The Engineer, Centaur Media proposed to focus the magazine’s editorial and commercial resources on growing the website, which had relaunched in 2009, and other digital products. According to Excell, demand for the print edition was such that after a 12-month hiatus, The Engineer returned as a monthly print magazine in September 2013. As of 2019, The Engineer publishes 10 issues a year and has a presence on social media and the news aggregator Flipboard. The magazine runs an annual conference for the industry and an annual awards ceremony for the encouragement of collaboration in innovation. The Engineer was acquired from Centaur Media by the Mark Allen Group in June 2019.

See also 
 Engineer, house magazine of the U.S. Army Engineer School

References

Further reading

External links

Grace's Guide has full text of most articles from 1856 to 1960 (paywalled).

1856 establishments in the United Kingdom
Biweekly magazines published in the United Kingdom
Monthly magazines published in the United Kingdom
Science and technology magazines published in the United Kingdom
Engineering magazines
Magazines published in London
Magazines established in 1856
Professional and trade magazines
Rail transport magazines published in the United Kingdom
Bradawl. A bradawl is a woodworking hand tool with a blade similar to that of a straight screwdriver and a handle typically made from wood or plastic. An awl is any kind of small pointed tool.

Purpose
A bradawl is used to make indentations in wood or other materials in order to ease the insertion of a nail or screw. The blade is placed across the fibres of the wood, cutting them when pressure is applied. The bradawl is then twisted through 90 degrees which displaces the fibres creating a hole. This cutting action helps to prevent splitting of the wood along the grain.

Gallery

See also
 Gimlet
 Scratch awl
 Stitching awl

References

Woodworking hand tools
Flying Fifteen. The Flying Fifteen is a British sailboat that was designed by Uffa Fox as a one design racer and first built in 1948.

The design has been a World Sailing international class since March 1981.

Production
In the past the design was built in the United Kingdom by Fairey Marine, Halmatic Ltd., Rob Legg Yachts, Stebbings & Sons, Copland Boats and Chippendale Boats. It remains in production in the UK by Ovington Boats and in Australia by Windrush Yachts. A total of 4,000 boats have been built.

Design

The Flying Fifteen is a racing keelboat, originally built from wood and more recently of fibreglass. It has a fractional sloop rig, a spooned and highly raked stem, a plumb, raised counter transom, an internally mounted spade-type rudder controlled by a tiller with an extension and a swept fixed fin keel. It displaces  and carries class imposed minimum of  of ballast.

The boat has a draft of  with the standard keel.

The boat was accepted as in international class in 1981. The design has changed over time, with modifications to the rig and the hull construction. The hull tolerances were originally set at +/-  of the plans. In 1984 the class club reduced the hull tolerances to +/-  and introduced the first measurement templates. In 1993 there was a further reduction in tolerances to +/-  was introduced, along with additional adjustments to the median plan lines equal to the current design. Older boats built to the previous tolerances are known as "classics" within the class, are grandfathered and still permitted to be raced.

For sailing the design is equipped with a self-bailing cockpit, a Cunningham, boom vang, downhaul, outhaul, a  spinnaker and air bag flotation for safety. The class rules require positive buoyancy and hiking strapss, while prohibiting the use of instruments and mast adjustments on the water. Roller furling for the jib is permitted.

The design has a Portsmouth Yardstick racing average handicap of 91.0 and is raced by a crew of two sailors.

Operational history

The design is supported by a class club that controls the design and organizes racing events, the Flying Fifteen International, with a club in Australia as well, Flying Fifteen International – Australia.

There are racing fleets in Australia, Hong Kong, Ireland, New Zealand, South Africa as well as in Britain and the United States east and west coasts. 

In a 1994 review Richard Sherwood wrote, "the Flying Fifteen is an ultra-light-displacement keel boat that has been clocked at 16 knots."

See also
List of sailing boat types

References

External links

Ovington official website
Windrush official website

Keelboats
1940s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Two-person sailboats
Sailboat type designs by Uffa Fox
Sailboat types built by Ovington Boats
Sailboat types built by Fairey Marine
Sailboat types built by Halmatic Ltd.
Sailboat types built by Rob Legg Yachts
Sailboat types built by Windrush Yachts
Sailboat types built by Stebbings & Sons
Sailboat types built by Copland Boats
Sailboat types built by Chippendale Boats
One-design sailing classes
ARS (rocket family). The ARS rocket family was a series of rockets developed by the American Interplanetary Society — later the American Rocket Society — during the 1930s. Based on the German Mirak rocket, it used a liquid-fueled rocket engine, powered by liquid oxygen and gasoline propellants. The first successful launch, of the ARS-2, took place on May 14, 1933. The design was modified and refined by successive rockets; the last launch of an ARS rocket took place on May 9, 1937.

References

Experimental rockets of the United States
Dimethoxymethane. Dimethoxymethane, also called methylal, is a colorless flammable liquid with a low boiling point, low viscosity and excellent dissolving power. It has a chloroform-like odor and a pungent taste.  It is the dimethyl acetal of formaldehyde. Dimethoxymethane is soluble in three parts water and miscible with most common organic solvents.

Synthesis and structure
It can be manufactured by oxidation of methanol or by the reaction of formaldehyde with methanol.  In aqueous acid, it is hydrolyzed back to formaldehyde and methanol.

Due to the anomeric effect, dimethoxymethane has a preference toward the gauche conformation with respect to each of the C–O bonds, instead of the anti conformation. Since there are two  C–O bonds, the most stable conformation is gauche-gauche, which is around 7 kcal/mol more stable than the anti-anti conformation, while the gauche-anti and anti-gauche are intermediate in energy. Since it is one of the smallest molecules exhibiting this effect, which has great interest in carbohydrate chemistry, dimethoxymethane is often used for theoretical studies of the anomeric effect.

Applications
Industrially, it is primarily used as a solvent and in the manufacture of perfumes, resins, adhesives, paint strippers and protective coatings. Another application is as a gasoline-additive for increasing octane number. Dimethoxymethane can also be used for blending with diesel.

Reagent in organic synthesis
Another useful application of dimethoxymethane is to protect alcohols with a methoxymethyl (MOM) ether in organic synthesis. Dimethoxymethane can be activated with phosphorus pentoxide in dichloromethane or chloroform. This method is preferred to the use of chloromethyl methyl ether (MOMCl). Phenols can also be MOM-protected using dimethoxymethane,  p-toluenesulfonic acid. Alternatively, MOMCl can be generated as a solution by treating dimethoxymethane with an acyl chloride in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst like zinc bromide:

MeOCH2OMe + RC(=O)Cl → MeOCH2Cl + RC(=O)(OMe)).

Unlike the classical procedure, which uses formaldehyde and hydrogen chloride as starting materials, the highly carcinogenic side product bis(chloromethyl) ether is not generated.

References

External links
 

Ether solvents
Formals
Methoxy compounds
Kjeller F.F.9 Kaje. 

The FF9 Kaje was a Norwegian trainer aircraft, designed and built by the Norwegian Army Air Service's  aircraft manufacturer Kjeller Flyfabrikk.

Design and development
Work on the Kaje started in 1921. It was built in three series: the Kaje I of which ten were built in 1921 and 1922, the Kaje II of which four were built in 1925 and five Kaje III in 1926. The models differed slightly in wing profile, wingspan and rudder surfaces, based on experience with the previous model.

The Kaje was a well built aircraft, constructed primarily of wood with fabric covering, with a good engine, but it had bad spin characteristics.

Operational history
Although primarily used as a training plane and for reconnaissance, the aircraft could also carry arms and was tested with radio equipment.

The aircraft was in use until the early 1930s.

Variants
Kaje ITen built.
Kaje IIFour built.
Kaje IIIFive built.

Operators

Norwegian Army Air Service

Specifications (Kaje III)

Notes

References

External links

Article about the Kaje on mil.no (Norwegian)
Norwegian aviation museum (Norwegian)
Polish page about Norwegian aircraft (Polish)

Royal Norwegian Air Force
CIRM. CIRM may refer to:

 California Institute for Regenerative Medicine
 Comité International Radio-Maritime, an international technical association of companies involved in the marine electronics industry
 Centre International de Rencontres Mathématiques, a French mathematical institute devoted to research and the organisation of workshops, in the Calanques National Park near Marseilles
 Centro Internazionale Radio Medico (C.I.R.M. - International Center of Medical Radiocommunications) a non-profit foundation established in Italy in the year 1934 to provide medical advice over radio waves to seafarers and locations without medical services.
 Career Intelligence and Relationship Management a type software platform first created by WerQ Ai Inc., designed to integrate agentic AI, network intelligence, and skill development. It streamlines career progression and workforce alignment through advanced AI tools and gamified engagement.
Pulse transition detector. A pulse transition detector is used in flip flops in order to achieve edge triggering in the circuit. It merely converts the clock signal's rising edge to a very narrow pulse.

The PTD consists of a delay gate (which delays the clock signal) and the clock signal itself passed through a NAND gate and then inverted.

The benefit of edge triggering is that it removes the problems of zeroes and ones catching associated with pulse triggered flip-flops (e.g. master slave flip flops).

Logic gates
Radiance-class cruise ship. The Radiance class is a class of four cruise ships operated by Royal Caribbean built between 2001 and 2004 at Meyer Werft shipyard in Papenburg, Germany. The class was preceded by the  and succeeded by the .

Radiance-class ships have a gross tonnage of 90,090, being smaller than the preceding Voyager class. Built for cruising in cooler climates, this class differs in design from the Voyager and Freedom classes, and some aspects influenced the . The Radiance class is built to Panamax form factor, allowing them to pass through the Panama Canal. The power plant on all ships consists of environmentally friendlier but less fuel efficient gas turbines.

The Radiance-class ships have over  of glass, glass exterior viewing elevators, over 700 balcony staterooms, two-level glass windowed dining rooms, alternative restaurants, a retractable glass roof over a pool, an outdoor pool, as well as the first self-leveling billiard tables at sea. During their refurbishment, the ships of this class have been refitted to incorporate the "Centrum Wow" events, which transformed the multi-level atrium into vertical theater for aerialists (aerial gymnasts). Two more ships of the class were cancelled.

Radiance-class ships have been plagued with propulsion issues, specifically impacting multiple cruises in September 2023 on Radiance of the Seas and in March and April 2024 on Brilliance of the Seas. No cause of the repeated mechanical failures have been announced on the 20+-year-old ships.

In April 2024 Radiance of the Seas suffered additional propulsion issues impacting multiple sailings, skipping a port on one sailing, and postponing departure of another before finally canceling the cruise all together. No cause of the issues plaguing the ship for the second time in twelve months were released and passengers were compensated for the two day cruise that never left port. Many were left frustrated back the lack of communication from Royal Caribbean.

Ships

Similar ships
  - a similar class of Panamax ships operated by Carnival Cruise Lines and Costa Cruises.
  - a similar Panamax ship operated by P&O Cruises.
  - a similar Panamax sized ship operated by Cunard Line.
  - a similar class of Panamax ships operated by Holland America Line
 Signature-class cruise ship - a similar class of Panamax ships operated by Holland America Line
  and  - A similar set of Panamax ships operated by Princess Cruises
  and  - A set of Panamax ships operated by Costa Cruises derived from the Spirit and Vista-class designs.

References

Cruise ship classes
Royal Caribbean International
Panamax cruise ships
Cryptographic module. A cryptographic module is a component of a computer system that securely implements cryptographic algorithms, typically with some element of tamper resistance.

NIST defines a cryptographic module as "The set of hardware, software, and/or firmware that implements security functions (including cryptographic algorithms), holds plaintext keys and uses them for performing cryptographic operations, and is contained within a cryptographic module boundary."

Hardware security modules, including secure cryptoprocessors, are one way of implementing cryptographic modules.

Standards for cryptographic modules include FIPS 140-3 and ISO/IEC 19790.

See also 
 Cryptographic Module Validation Program (CMVP)
 Cryptographic Module Testing Laboratory

References 

Cryptography
Computer security
Pentafluoroethyl iodide. Pentafluoroethyl iodide is a suggested component of a fire-extinguishing composition. It is a very dense gas.

Production
Pentafluoroethyl iodide can be produced by electrochemical fluorination of 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-1,2-diiodoethane.

It can also be produced by react tetrafluoroethylene, iodine and iodine pentafluoride.

Properties
Pentafluoroethyl iodide is a pungent colourless gas and an anesthetic.

Uses
Pentafluoroethyl iodide is an intermediate of preparing other compounds.

References

Organofluorides
Organoiodides
Anesthetics
Distributed System Security Architecture. Distributed System Security Architecture or (DSSA) is a computer security architecture that provides a suite of functions including login, authentication, and access control in a distributed system. To differ from other similar architectures, the DSSA architecture offers the ability to access all these functions without the trusted server (known as a certificate authority) being active.

In DSSA, security objects are handled by owners and access is controlled by the central, universally trusted, certificate authority.

DSSA/SPX 
DSSA/SPX is the authentication protocol of DSSA. The CDC is a certificate granting server while the certificate is a ticket signed by CA which contains the public key of the party being certified. Since the CDC is merely distributing previously signed certificates, it is not necessary for it to be trusted.

External links 
 Tromsø University
 Gasser (1989)

Cryptographic protocols
HRU (security). The HRU security model (Harrison, Ruzzo, Ullman model) is an operating system level computer security model which deals with the integrity of access rights in the system. It is an extension of the Graham-Denning model, based around the idea of a finite set of procedures being available to edit the access rights of a subject  on an object . It is named after its three authors, Michael A. Harrison, Walter L. Ruzzo and Jeffrey D. Ullman.

Along with presenting the model, Harrison, Ruzzo and Ullman also discussed the possibilities and limitations of proving the safety of systems using an algorithm.

Description of the model 
The HRU model defines a protection system consisting of a set of generic rights R and a set of commands C. An instantaneous description of the system is called a configuration and is defined as a tuple  of current subjects , current objects  and an access matrix . Since the subjects are required to be part of the objects, the access matrix contains one row for each subject and one column for each subject and object. An entry for subject  and object  is a subset of the generic rights .

The commands are composed of primitive operations and can additionally have a list of pre-conditions that require certain rights to be present for a pair  of subjects and objects.

The primitive requests can modify the access matrix by adding or removing access rights for a pair of subjects and objects and by adding or removing subjects or objects. Creation of a subject or object requires the subject or object not to exist in the current configuration, while deletion of a subject or object requires it to have existed prior to deletion. In a complex command, a sequence of operations is executed only as a whole. A failing operation in a sequence makes the whole sequence fail, a form of database transaction.

Discussion of safety 
Harrison, Ruzzo and Ullman discussed whether there is an algorithm that takes an arbitrary initial configuration and answers the following question: is there an arbitrary sequence of commands that adds a generic right into a cell of the access matrix where it has not been in the initial configuration?

They showed that there is no such algorithm, thus the problem is undecidable in the general case. They also showed a limitation of the model to commands with only one primitive operation to render the problem decidable.

See also 
 EROS - Extremely Reliable Operating System

References 

Capability systems
Computer security models
TUNIS. TUNIS (Toronto University System) is a Unix-like operating system, developed at the University of Toronto in the early 1980s. TUNIS was a portable operating system compatible with Unix V7, but with a completely redesigned kernel, written in Concurrent Euclid. Programs that ran under Unix V7 could be run under TUNIS with no modification.

TUNIS was designed for teaching, and was intended to provide a model for the design of well-structured, highly portable, easily understood Unix-like operating systems. It made extensive use of Concurrent Euclid modules to isolate machine dependencies and provide a clean internal structure through information hiding. TUNIS also made use of Concurrent Euclid's built-in processes and synchronization features to make it easy to understand and maintain.

TUNIS targeted the PDP-11, Motorola 6809 and 68000, and National Semiconductor 32016 architectures, and supported distribution across multiple CPUs using Concurrent Euclid's synchronization features.

References

 R.C. Holt (1982) TUNIS: a Unix look-alike written in concurrent Euclid (abstract). ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review 16(1):4--5.

Unix variants
Discontinued operating systems
Lohr Industrie. Lohr Industrie is a private French group near Strasbourg. The Lohr Group is a global specialist in the design, manufacture and marketing of transportation systems for people and goods.

Core businesses
 Automotive: A world leader in car-transporter vehicles offering a combination of reliability, performance and longevity,
 Railway System: road-rail transport reference technology with Modalohr wagons for the safe, economical transport of standard road semi-trailers on the European rail network
 New Mobilities: Major player in innovative, 100% electric, modular and connected mobility solutions (Cristal driven shuttles),
 Defense and Security: our subsidiary Soframe is specialized in the design and manufacture of tactical and logistic protected vehicles meeting the needs of armed forces and security forces,
 Lohr Service: These departments are supported by a network of technical assistance, maintenance, service contracts, spare parts networks, present and available worldwide.

Lohr declared itself in suspension of payments, and on June 27, the Strasbourg Regional Court approved the sale of the Translohr division (tramway on tires), now known as NTL, to Alstom and the Fonds Stratégique d'Investissement, for the amount of 35 million euros.

See also
 Car carrier trailer
 Modalohr road car carrier trailers

References

External links
 Groupe Lohr

 
Manufacturing companies of France
French companies established in 1963