omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Edwin F. Church Medal. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) established The Edwin F. Church Medal in 1972. Every year it is awarded to "an individual who has rendered eminent service in increasing the value, importance and attractiveness of mechanical engineering education." The ASME intends the Medal to represent Education in a very broad sense: This includes any aspect of mechanical engineering communicate via universities, technical institutes, professional society educational activities, continuing education programs of professional societies and private groups, in-house professional development programs of industrial concerns and governmental agencies, programmed learning and self-instruction systems. This means the nominees need not be professional educators.

A bequest from Edwin F. Church, Jr. (1879–1964), an ASME Member and professor of mechanical engineering and head of the department at the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn established the Medal.

Recipients of the Edwin F. Church Medal
Source: ASME
 
 1973.	Wilbur R. Leopold
 1974.	Hobart A. Weaver
 1975.	Harry Conn 	
 1976.	Frank W. Von Flue
 1977. not awarded
 1978. not awarded
 1979.	Kenneth A. Roe 	
 1980.	Dennis K. Bushnell
 1981.	Neal P. Jeffries
 1982.	Clinton H. Britt
 1983. not awarded
 1984.	Milo Price
 1985.	Emil L. Martinec
 1986. not awarded
 1987.	Garland H. Duncan
 1988.	Dale E. Klein
 1989.	Adolph T. Molin
 1990.	James R. Welty
 1991.	Joseph A. Falcon
 1992.	Stephen Juhasz
 1993.	Larry C. Oyen
 1994.	Avram Bar-Cohen
 1995. not awarded
 1996. not awarded
 1997.	Dean Kamen
 1998.	Allan D. Kraus
 1999.	Woodie C. Flowers
 2000.	John H. Lienhard
 2001.	Frank Kreith
 2002.	William S. Hammack
 2003. Devendra P. Garg
 2004.	David Lavery
 2005.	Vincent Wilczynski
 2006. not awarded
 2007. not awarded
 2008. not awarded
 2009. Wilbur J. Marner
 2010. not awarded
 2011. Ramesh K. Agarwal
 2012. Kenneth S. Ball
 2013. William M. Worek
 2014. John W. Cipolla
 2015. William J. Wepfer
 2016. Karen Thole
 2017. Francis A. Kulacki
 2018. Kendra V. Sharp 
 2019. Andreas Polycarpou
 2020. Nael Barakat
 2021. Efstathios E. Michaelides
 2022. Suvranu De
 2023. Volker Sick
 2024. Oscar Barton Jr.

See also

 List of mechanical engineering awards

References

Awards established in 1972
Awards of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
InHour. InHour is a unit of reactivity of a nuclear reactor.  It stands for the inverse of an hour.  It is equal to the inverse of the period in hours.  One InHour is the amount of reactivity needed to increase the reaction from critical to where the power will increase by a factor of e in one hour.

The unit is abbreviated  ih or inhr, and is usually measured with a reactimeter.

See also
Per cent mille

References 

Units of measurement
IEEE David Sarnoff Award. The IEEE David Sarnoff Award was a Technical Field Award presented in 1959–2016 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). It was awarded annually for exceptional contributions to electronics.

The award was established in 1959 by the RCA Corporation; in 1989 the Sarnoff Corporation became its sponsor. It consisted of a bronze medal, certificate and honorarium, and was presented each year to an individual or small team (up to three people).

The award was discontinued in 2016.

Recipients 
Source: IEEE

See also

 List of engineering awards
 List of awards named after people

References 

David Sarnoff Award
Awards established in 1959
William B. Morgan. William B. Morgan is an American naval architect and renowned expert in propeller design.

Early life and education
Morgan was born in Mount Pleasant, Iowa. He earned a Master of Science degree in mechanics and hydraulics 1951 from the University of Iowa and a PhD in naval architecture from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1961.

Career 
Morgan devoted his professional career to the Carderock Division (David Taylor Model Basin), Naval Surface Warfare Center, Bethesda, Maryland.

Morgan started working with UNIVAC I and UNIVAC II computers in 1954. He introduced computers into naval engineering and thereby revolutionized propeller design. He published numerous studies of sub-cavitating, super-cavitating, and contra-rotating propellers; annular airfoil and ducted propeller theory; propeller blade strength; hydrodynamic properties of blade sections; and propeller cavitation, ventilation and noise. Perhaps most significantly, he led development of the highly skewed propeller with its superior vibration and acoustic properties.

Morgan ultimately was named head of the hydromechanics directorate, David Taylor Model Basin, responsible for all hydromechanic research concerning United States Navy ships and submarines, and managing three hundred employees, a $70 million budget and Navy testing facilities estimated at almost $2 billion nationwide. He directed the acquisition of major facilities including the Maneuvering and Seakeeping Basin, Rotating Arm, 36-inch Variable Pressure Water Tunnel, and the Large Cavitation Channel (now named in his honor).

Morgan was given numerous awards from national and international technical societies, academia, and the Navy. He is the only U.S. citizen to receive the William Froude Medal from the Royal Institute of Naval Architects. In 1992, he was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering for technical leadership improving performance, quieting, and design of advanced marine propulsion systems, and development of large modern propulsion testing facilities. In 1997 was awarded the Gibbs Brothers Medal by the National Academy of Sciences.

References 

Morgan, William B.
Engineers from Iowa
Living people
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
American marine engineers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Hexanitroethane. Hexanitroethane (HNE) is an organic compound with chemical formula C2N6O12 or (O2N)3C-C(NO2)3.  It is a solid matter with a melting point of 135  °C.

Hexanitroethane is used in some pyrotechnic compositions as a nitrogen-rich oxidizer, e.g. in some decoy flare compositions and some propellants.  Like hexanitrobenzene, HNE is investigated as a gas source for explosively pumped gas dynamic laser.

A composition of HNE as oxidizer with boron as fuel is being investigated as a new explosive.

Preparation 
The first synthesis was described by Wilhelm Will in 1914, using the reaction between the potassium salt of tetranitroethane with nitric acid.

C2(NO2)4K2 + 4 HNO3 → C2(NO2)6 + 2 KNO3 + 2 H2O
A practicable method for industrial use starts with furfural, which first undergoes oxidative ring-opening by bromine to mucobromic acid. In the following step, mucobromic acid is reacted with potassium nitrite at just below room temperature to form the dipotassium salt of 2,3,3-trinitropropanal. The final product is obtained by nitration with nitric acid and sulfuric acid at −60 °C.

Properties 
The thermal decomposition of hexanitroethane has been detected at 60 °C upwards in both the solid and solution phases. Above 140 °C, this can occur explosively. The decomposition is first order and is significantly faster in solution than in the solid. For the solid, the following reaction can be formulated:

C2(NO2)6  → 3 NO2 + NO + N2O + 2 CO2
For the decomposition in solution, tetranitroethylene is first formed and can be trapped and detected as a Diels–Alder adduct, for example with anthracene or cyclopentadiene.

References

Further reading

External links
WebBook page for C2N6O12

Nitroalkanes
Explosive chemicals
Pyrotechnic oxidizers
Strontium peroxide. Strontium peroxide is an inorganic compound with the formula Sr O2 that exists in both anhydrous and octahydrate form, both of which are white solids.  The anhydrous form adopts a structure similar to that of calcium carbide.

Uses
It is an oxidizing agent used for bleaching. It is used in some pyrotechnic compositions as an oxidizer and a vivid red pyrotechnic colorant.  It can also be used as an antiseptic and in tracer munitions.

Production
Strontium peroxide is produced by passing oxygen over heated strontium oxide.  Upon heating in the absence of O2, it degrades to SrO and O2.  It is more thermally labile than BaO2.

References

See also
Barium peroxide
Strontium oxide

External links

Peroxide
Peroxides
Pyrotechnic oxidizers
Pyrotechnic colorants
Antiseptics
Oxidizing agents
Julian Goldsmith. Julian Royce Goldsmith (1918–1999) was a mineralogist and geochemist at the University of Chicago (Moore, 1971). Goldsmith, along with colleague Fritz Laves, first defined the crystallographic polymorphism of alkali feldspar (Newton, 1989). Goldsmith also experimented on the temperature dependence of the solid solution between calcite and dolomite (Newton, 1989). Goldsmith's research also led him to experiment with the determination of the stability of intermediate structural states of albite (Newton, 1989). For his outstanding contributions to the study of mineralogy and geochemistry, Goldsmith was awarded the prestigious Roebling Medal by the Mineralogical Society of America in 1988 (Newton, 1989). The mineral julgoldite was named for him.

References
 Moore, P.B. (1971) Julgoldite, the Fe +2-Fe+3 dominant pumpellyite. A new mineral from Långban, Sweden. Lithos 4, 93–99.
 Newton, R. (1989) Presentation of the Roebling Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America for 1988 to Julian R. Goldsmith. American Mineralogist, 74, 715–716.
Edward J. Olsen, Memorial for Julian Royce Goldsmith, 1918–1999, American Mineralogist, Volume 85, pages 382–383, 2000

1918 births
1999 deaths
American geochemists
American mineralogists
University of Chicago faculty
Presidents of the Geochemical Society
20th-century American chemists
Eugene I. Gordon. Eugene Irving Gordon  (September 14, 1930 – September 15, 2014) was an American physicist.  He was Director of the Lightwave Devices Laboratory of Bell Labs.

Biography
Gordon was born on September 14, 1930, in New York City. He graduated from the City College of New York in 1952 with a B.S. in physics, and completed his Ph.D. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1957. He became director of the Lightwave Devices Laboratory of Bell Labs. He married Renate Albrecht on December 31, 1991. He died on September 15, 2014, in Scotch Plains, New Jersey.

Honors and awards
 IEEE Edison Medal in 1984 
 member, National Academy of Engineering in 1978
 IEEE Vladimir K. Zworykin Award in 1975 
 Fellow, IEEE 1968

References

1930 births
2014 deaths
American physicists
Fellows of the IEEE
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
IEEE Edison Medal recipients
Scientists from New York City
City College of New York alumni
Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science alumni
Nathan Cohn. Nathan Cohn (January 2, 1907 – November 16, 1989) was an American electrical engineer best known for his work in the development of automatic control techniques for interconnected electric power systems. He worked for Leeds & Northrup for 48 years.

Biography
Nathan Cohn was born on January 2, 1907, in Hartford, Connecticut. He received an S.B. in electrical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1927.

Upon graduation, Cohn began working for the Leeds & Northrup Company. He worked within the Instrumentation and Controls for Electric Power Application Division. Cohn served as manager of the company’s offices in San Francisco and Chicago until 1955 when he returned to Philadelphia to serve as manager of the Market Development Division. He was named Vice President of Technical Affairs in 1958, Senior Vice President in 1968, and Executive Vice President for Research and Corporate Development in 1967 until his retirement from the position in 1972. He also served on the Board of Directors from 1963-1975 when he retired as corporate director.

Cohn was a member of Eta Kappa Nu, Sigma Xi, and Tau Beta Pi. He died on November 16, 1989, in Scottsdale, Arizona.

Honors and awards
 IEEE Edison Medal in 1982
 Fellow, IEEE
 Fellow, Franklin Institute
 Member, National Academy of Engineering (1969)
 IEEE Lamme Medal (1968)

External links 

1907 births
1989 deaths
American electrical engineers
Fellows of the IEEE
IEEE Edison Medal recipients
IEEE Lamme Medal recipients
20th-century American engineers
American control theorists
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
C. Chapin Cutler. Cassius Chapin Cutler (December 16, 1914 – December 1, 2002) was an American electrical engineer at Bell Labs. His notable achievements include the invention of the corrugated waveguide and differential pulse-code modulation (DPCM).

Biography
He was born on December 16, 1914, in Springfield, Massachusetts, to Paul A. Cutler and Myra Chapin. He received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering from Worcester Polytechnic Institute in 1937. On September 27, 1941, he married Virginia Tyler in Waterford, Maine.

In 1979 Cutler left Bell Labs to become a professor of applied physics at Stanford University.

He died on December 1, 2002, North Reading, Massachusetts.

Honors and awards
 IEEE Edison Medal, 1981
 IEEE Centennial Medal, 1984
 IEEE Alexander Graham Bell Medal, 1991 (with John O. Limb and Arun N. Netravali)
 member, National Academy of Engineering
 member, National Academy of Sciences
 Fellow, IEEE

References

External links
 Bio at the IEEE History Center
National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir – C. Chapin Cutler 1914–2002

1914 births
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
2002 deaths
People from Springfield, Massachusetts
Worcester Polytechnic Institute alumni
American electrical engineers
Scientists at Bell Labs
Stanford University Department of Applied Physics faculty
Fellows of the IEEE
IEEE Edison Medal recipients
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
IEEE Centennial Medal laureates
Engineers from Massachusetts
20th-century American engineers
American telecommunications engineers
Microwave engineers
Dornier Viper. The Dornier Viper was a West German/Norwegian air-to-air missile project, intended to replace the AIM-9 Sidewinder, in Luftwaffe service from 1975/76.

The Viper was developed by Bodenseewerk and Dornier Systems, using an infrared seeker and a new solid-fuel rocket motor (by Kongsberg Vapenfabrik), intended to have twice the burn time of the Sidewinder.

In 1974, the Viper was abandoned in favor of evaluating an American missile.

Length: 
Diameter: 
Weight:

References

Notes

Bibliography
 .
 .

Air-to-air missiles of Germany
Abandoned military projects of Germany
Air-to-air missiles of the Cold War
Lorenzo Allievi. Lorenzo Allievi (November 18, 1856 – October 30, 1941) was an Italian engineer known for being one of the first to explain the water hammer problem.

Biography
Allievi  was born in Milan but moved with his family to Rome in 1871. There he graduated in 1879. He worked in Naples from 1893 to 1901 as CEO of Rinascimento di Napoli. Then he came back to the Rome area and started working in the Terni steel/chemical/hydroelectric industrial district. In August 1902, when maintenance was being carried out on the hydroelectrical power plant of Papigno (Terni), the closure of a water pipe caused its explosion and great damage to the plant. Allievi investigated the problem immediately thereafter and published his fundamental study on the water hammer problem the same year. He continued to study this problem in the following years while still working on hydroelectric power plants and becoming vice president of the Union of Industrials (in Italy). 
Allievi wrote in 1895 a booklet titled Cinematica della Biella Piana (Tipografia Francesco Giannini e Figli, Naples 1895) where a completely analytical solution to mechanisms design problems is given.

Lorenzo Allievi died in Rome on October 30, 1941. In 1952, 50 years after the Terni incident, a large marble plaque was erected in his memory at the front of the Galleto hydroelectric power plant which, after World War II, had replaced that of Papigno.

References

1856 births
1941 deaths
Engineers from Rome
Engineers from Naples
19th-century Italian engineers
20th-century Italian engineers
19th-century Italian businesspeople
20th-century Italian businesspeople
Madiz. Madiz is a 57 metre twin screw steel yacht built on the River Clyde in Scotland, in 1902. In 2006, she broke a record in the shipping industry by being the only ship in the world to be in class "+100A1" with Lloyd's Register of Shipping, 100 years after the date of its building.

Construction
Madiz was designed by G. L. Watson, and It is the last surviving ship to have been designed by him personally. She was built by the Ailsa Shipyard in Troon, Scotland on the Clyde.

Madiz is a classic yacht and retains most of her original deck equipment and unique panelling, the original Burma teak on much of the deck and all the deck’s side panelings. Cuban mahogany in the original master bedrooms and solid oak paneling in the reception areas.

Originally she was powered by two steam engines. These were later replaced by two MTU Mercedes Maybach diesel engines.

History

The yacht was originally named Triton and her first owner was James Coats. Following his death, she was purchased in 1913 by Sir George Bullough, owner of the Scottish island of Rùm. He renamed her Rhouma. During World War I, Rhouma was hired for use as an auxiliary patrol yacht. Between the wars, she was lengthened and had an upper deck of cabins added, and her engines were converted to run on oil fuel.

In World War II, she served in the Royal Navy as  the Royal Patrol Yacht, HMS Hiniesta, and was used for calibrating huff-duff equipment in GB coastal waters. She later transported King George VI, Queen Elizabeth and Princess Elizabeth on a short victory tour. 

in 1970 she was bought by Greek businessman Costas Keletseki, who renamed her Madiz and had her extensively rebuilt, restoring the original fittings but also modernizing with a conversion from steam to diesel engines.
. In 1989 Madiz was used as the primary setting for an episode of the British TV series Poirot.

Between 2003-2006, Madiz underwent another major refit and was re-classed under Lloyd’s Register of Shipping in her original Class of +100A1. After Keletsekis died in 2009, the ship was sold and was available for charter.  In March 2024 Madiz was placed up for sale again.

Footnotes

External links
The official Madiz homepage

Individual yachts
Steam yachts
Ships built on the River Clyde
1902 ships
Java Evolutionary Computation Toolkit. ECJ is a freeware evolutionary computation research system written in Java.  It is a framework that supports a variety of evolutionary computation techniques, such as genetic algorithms, genetic programming, evolution strategies, coevolution, particle swarm optimization, and differential evolution.  The framework models iterative evolutionary processes using a series of pipelines arranged to connect one or more subpopulations of individuals with selection, breeding (such as crossover, and mutation operators that produce new individuals.  The framework is open source and is distributed under the Academic Free License.  ECJ was created by Sean Luke, a computer science professor at George Mason University, and is maintained by Sean Luke and a variety of contributors.

Features (listed from ECJ's project page):

General Features:

 GUI with charting
 Platform-independent checkpointing and logging
 Hierarchical parameter files
 Multithreading
 Mersenne Twister Random Number Generators
 Abstractions for implementing a variety of EC forms.

EC Features:

 Asynchronous island models over TCP/IP
 Master/Slave evaluation over multiple processors
 Genetic Algorithms/Programming style Steady State and Generational evolution, with or without Elitism
 Evolutionary-Strategies style (mu, lambda) and (mu+lambda) evolution
 Very flexible breeding architecture
 Many selection operators
 Multiple subpopulations and species
 Inter-subpopulation exchanges
 Reading populations from files
 Single- and Multi-population coevolution
 SPEA2 multiobjective optimization
 Particle Swarm Optimization
 Differential Evolution
 Spatially embedded evolutionary algorithms
 Hooks for other multiobjective optimization methods
 Packages for parsimony pressure

GP Tree Representations:

 Set-based Strongly Typed Genetic Programming
 Ephemeral Random Constants
 Automatically Defined Functions and Automatically Defined Macros
 Multiple tree forests
 Six tree-creation algorithms
 Extensive set of GP breeding operators
 Seven pre-done GP application problem domains (ant, regression, multiplexer, lawnmower, parity, two-box, edge)

Vector (GA/ES) Representations:

 Fixed-Length and Variable-Length Genomes
 Arbitrary representations
 Five pre-done vector application problem domains (sum, rosenbrock, sphere, step, noisy-quartic)

Other Representations:

 NEAT
 Multiset-based genomes in the rule package, for evolving Pitt-approach rulesets or other set-based representations.

See also
 Paradiseo, a metaheuristics framework
 MOEA Framework, an open source Java framework for multiobjective evolutionary algorithms

References
 ECJ project page
 Wilson, G. C. McIntyre, A. Heywood, M. I. (2004), "Resource Review: Three Open Source Systems for Evolving Programs-Lilgp, ECJ and Grammatical Evolution", Genetic Programming And Evolvable Machines, 5 (19): 103-105, Kluwer Academic Publishers. ISSN 1389-2576

Evolutionary computation
Agent-based software
Free software programmed in Java (programming language)
James T. Grady-James H. Stack Award for Interpreting Chemistry. The James T. Grady-James H. Stack Award for Interpreting Chemistry for the Public is awarded on a yearly basis by the American Chemical Society. The Award recognizes outstanding reporting on chemistry, chemical engineering, and related chemical fields. Typically the winner must have communicated to the public through "the press, radio, television, films, the lecture platform, books, or pamphlets for the lay public." The award consists of $5,000 and a medallion. The Award was established in 1955 as the James T. Grady Award; in 1984 "James H. Stack" was added to the award name.

Recipients

 1957 David H. Killeffer
 1958 William L. Laurence
 1959 Alton L. Blakeslee
 1960 Watson Davis
 1961 David Dietz
 1962 John F. Baxter
 1963 Lawrence Lessing
 1964 Nate Haseltine
 1965 Isaac Asimov
 1966 Frank E. Carey
 1967 Irving S. Bengelsdorf
 1968 Raymond A. Bruner
 1969 Walter S. Sullivan
 1970 Robert C. Cowen
 1971 Victor Cohn
 1972 Daniel Q. Posin
 1973 O. A. Battista
 1974 Ronald Kotulak
 1975 Jon Franklin
 1976 Gene Bylinsky
 1977 Patrick Young
 1978 Michael Woods
 1979 Peter Gwynne
 1980 Edward Edelson
 1981 Robert W. Cooke
 1982 Albert Rosenfeld
 1983 Matt Clark
 1984 Cristine Russell
 1985 Joe Alper
 1986 Ben Patrusky
 1987 Al Rossiter, Jr.
 1988 Arthur Fisher
 1989 Robert Kanigel
 1990 Jerry E. Bishop
 1991 Betty Debnam
 1992 Malcolm Browne
 1993 Tom Siegfried
 1994 Don Herbert
 1995 Ivan Amato
 1996 Elizabeth Pennisi
 1997 Richard Lipkin
 1998 Joe Palca
 1999 Joseph A. Schwarcz
 2000 Jeff Wheelwright
 2001 David Perlman
 2002 Curt Suplee
 2003 Boyce Rensberger
 2004 William S. Hammack
 2005 Robert L. Wolke
 2006 Philip Ball
 2007 Stuart F. Brown
 2008 Harold McGee
 2009 Roald Hoffmann
 2010 Ron Seely
 2011 Theodore Gray
 2012 Paul Raeburn
 2013 Shirley O. Corriher
 2014 Alan Alda
 2015 Deborah Blum
 2016 Peter Atkins
 2017 Thomas Hager
 2018 Bassam Shakhashiri
 2019 Sir Martyn Poliakoff
 2020 Raychelle Burks
 2021 Sam Kean
 2022 Jennifer L. Maclachlan
 2023 Mitch Jacoby

See also

 List of chemistry awards

References

1955 establishments in the United States
American journalism awards
Awards established in 1955
Awards of the American Chemical Society
Science communication awards
Science writing awards