omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Albert Edward Bridge. The Albert Edward Bridge is a railway bridge spanning the River Severn at Coalbrookdale in Shropshire, England.

History
Opened on 1 November 1864 and named after the Prince of Wales (later Edward VII), its design is almost identical to Victoria Bridge which carries the Severn Valley Railway over the Severn between Upper Arley and Bewdley in Worcestershire.  Designed by John Fowler, its  span cast iron arch has four ribs, each of nine parts bolted together. The patterns for the radiused beam castings for the bridge were prepared by Thomas Parker at the Coalbrookdale Iron Company. Originally it was built to carry the Wenlock, Craven Arms and Lightmoor Extension Railway of the Wellington and Severn Junction Railway across the river. Until the closure of Ironbridge power station it carried coal traffic as part of the line between Lightmoor Junction and Ironbridge Power Station.

The bridge's timber and wrought iron deck was replaced by a structural steel deck in 1933. It may be one of the last large cast iron railway bridges to have been built. Due to its age and the condition of the ironwork, traffic over the bridge is restricted to a  speed limit to minimise stress. Although it carries two tracks only the one on the downstream side is still in use.

The bridge is a Grade II Listed Building, one half by Shropshire Council, the other by Telford and Wrekin District Council as the boundary is mid-span.

Telford Steam Railway have aspirations to run trains over the bridge using the presently unused track as part of their southern extension to Buildwas.

See also 
Crossings of the River Severn

References

Bibliography
Cragg, R., Civil Engineering Heritage - Wales & West Central England, Thomas Telford Publishing, 2nd edn., 1997,

External links 

Telford Steam Railway

Bridges across the River Severn
Railway bridges in Shropshire
Bridges completed in 1864
Grade II listed buildings in Shropshire
Ironbridge Gorge
Cast-iron arch bridges in England
Coalbrookdale
Ironbridge
Driven right leg circuit. A Driven Right Leg circuit or DRL circuit, also known as Right Leg Driving technique, is an electric circuit that is often added to biological signal amplifiers to reduce common-mode interference. Biological signal amplifiers such as ECG (electrocardiogram) EEG (electroencephalogram) or EMG circuits measure very small electrical signals emitted by the body, often as small as several micro-volts (millionths of a volt). However, the patient's body can also act as an antenna which picks up electromagnetic interference, especially 50/60 Hz noise from electrical power lines. This interference can obscure the biological signals, making them very hard to measure. Right leg driver circuitry is used to eliminate interference noise by actively cancelling the interference.

Other methods of noise control include:
 Faraday cage
 Twisting Wires
 High Gain Instrumentation Amplifier
 Filtering

Further reading 
 J.G. Webster, "Medical Instrumentation", 3rd ed, New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1998, . 
 B. B. Winter and J. G. Webster, “Driven-right-leg circuit design,” IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. BME-30, no. 1, pp. 62–66, Jan. 1983.
 "Improving Common-Mode Rejection Using the Right-Leg Drive Amplifier" by Texas Instruments.
Electronic design
Analog circuits
Aniline acetate test. The aniline acetate test is a chemical test for the presence of certain carbohydrates, in which they are converted to furfural with hydrochloric acid, which reacts with aniline acetate to produce a bright pink color. Pentoses give a strong reaction, and hexoses give a much weaker reaction.

Procedure and mechanism

A dry sample is dissolved in a small volume of hydrochloric acid and briefly heated.  A piece of paper, previously impregnated with aniline acetate, is exposed to the vapor from the sample solution.  A bright pink color on the paper is positive for the presence of pentoses.    

Hydrochloric acid dehydrates pentoses (sugars containing five carbon atoms) to produce furfural.  The reaction of furfural and aniline produces a bright pink color.  Hexoses, which are sugars which contain six carbons, are not dehydrated to furfural, and so they do not produce a pink color.

Interferences

3-Furanaldehyde responds to the usual tests for aldehydes, but unlike 2-furanaldehyde it gives no color test with aniline acetate.

References
Notes

Bibliography
 A Method for the identification of pure organic compounds by a systematic analytical procedure based on physical properties and chemical reactions. v. 1, 1911. By Samuel Parsons Mulliken. Published by J. Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1904. Google Books link page 33.
 "Modifications of the aniline acetate-furfural method for the determination of pentose." The Analyst, 1956, 81, 598 - 601,  

Biochemistry detection reactions
Carbohydrate methods
Electron magnetic resonance. In physics, biology and chemistry, electron magnetic resonance (EMR) is an interdisciplinary field that covers both electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR, also known as electron spin resonance – ESR) and electron cyclotron resonance (ECR). EMR looks at electrons rather than nuclei or ions as in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) respectively.

References

Electromagnetism
Jumble winding. Jumble winding or scramble winding is a type of winding of a wire randomly wound on a bobbin. In this type of winding, the wire is not wound layer by layer with insulation placed in between. In fact, it is wound full depth, and randomly until the number of turns have been reached. The only insulation throughout is the insulation on the wire and that of the bobbin. Special sectioned bobbins are used for this type of winding. Devices that use jumble-wound coils include small electric motors, and some types of choke inductors.

See also
 Coil winding technology#Wild winding

External links
 Article explaining the theory of inductance (mentions jumble winding)
 Glossary of Magnetics Manufacturing terms

Electromagnetic coils
Eric A. Walker (engineer). Eric Arthur Walker (April 29, 1910  – February 17, 1995) was president of the Pennsylvania State University from 1956 to 1970 and a founding member of the National Academy of Engineering.

Biography
Born in Long Eaton, England, Dr. Walker earned a Bachelor's degree from Harvard University in Electrical Engineering, a master's degree in business administration, and doctorate in general science and engineering from Harvard.

During World War II, Walker was associate director of the Underwater Sound Laboratory, initially located at Harvard, but relocated to the campus of Penn State University. Dr. Walker remained at Penn State, becoming head of the Department of Electrical Engineering, then Dean of the College of Engineering and Architecture in 1951. Next Dr. Walker became vice president for research at Penn State in 1956, and President of the University, also in 1956.

Penn State experienced changes and growth during the Presidency of Dr. Walker. The post-war student population at the university increased from 13,000 to 40,000, becoming one of the largest universities in the United States. Dr. Walker also oversaw the creation of the Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, and research expenditures for the university grew from $8,000,000 in 1956-57 to $36,000,000 in 1969-70.

Dr. Walker served as Vice-Chair of President Eisenhower's Committee on Scientists and Engineers from 1956-1958.

Legacy
The Eric A. Walker building on Penn State's campus is named in honor of Dr. Walker. It houses the Meteorology department, one of the larger science departments at the university, as well as the Geography department.

References

1910 births
1995 deaths
People from Long Eaton
Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences alumni
Founding members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Harvard Business School alumni
Presidents of Pennsylvania State University
Fellows of the American Physical Society
20th-century American academics
Compact Kinetic Energy Missile. The Compact Kinetic Energy Missile (CKEM) was a developmental program to produce a hypersonic anti-tank guided missile for the U.S. Army. Lockheed Martin was the primary contractor. The program was the third in a series of projects based on kinetic energy missiles that stretches back to 1981's Vought HVM through the 1990s to 2000s LOSAT and finally to the CKEM.  The Army Aviation and Missile Command (AMCOM) developed this program as part of the Army's Future Combat Systems.  This missile was primarily an anti-tank weapon, and could be mounted on land vehicles and low-altitude aircraft.  The goal of these weapons was to demonstrate a state-of-the-art system for the next generation.  The program was cancelled in 2009 with the rest of the future combat systems program.

Specifications

 Length: 
 Motor: Solid-fuel rocket
 Max range: 
 Max weight: 
 Velocity: 
 Warhead: Kinetic energy penetrator
 Penetrator energy:

Program status
 October 2003 – Lockheed Martin receives $21.3 million contract for CKEM Advanced Technology Demonstration (ATD) phase.
 September 2006 – The CKEM was successfully flight tested against a reinforced urban structure.
 February 2007 – A T-72 tank equipped with Explosive Reactive Armor was successfully engaged using CKEM at a range of 3400 meters. The test took place at Eglin Air Force Base, FL.

References

External links
 Lockheed Martin CKEM — Designation Systems
 Compact Kinetic Energy Missile (CKEM) — Global Security
 CKEM — Deagel
 Compact Kinetic Energy Missile CKEM — Defense Update

Anti-tank guided missiles of the United States
Abandoned military rocket and missile projects of the United States
Kyoto Tachibana University. is a private university in Yamashina, Kyoto, Japan.

The university was founded in  as a private university for women with the motto "to encourage and foster independent women". In 2005, the university became co-educational.

Faculties/Graduate Schools

Faculties
Source:
Faculty of English and Global Communication
Faculty of Humanities
Faculty of Human Development and Education
Faculty of Comprehensive Psychology
Faculty of Economics
Faculty of Business Administration
Faculty of Engineering
Faculty of Nursing
Faculty of Health Sciences

Graduate Schools
Source:
Graduate School of Humanities
Graduate School of Contemporary Business
Graduate School of Nursing
Graduate School of Health Sciences

References

External links
 Kyoto Tachibana University Website (English version)

Private universities and colleges in Japan
Universities and colleges in Kyoto Prefecture
Former women's universities and colleges in Japan
Anti-Structures Munition. The Anti-Structures Munition is a developmental program for the British Army to provide a man-portable shoulder-launched weapon capable of destroying hardened structures such as buildings or bunkers.

Program status
 May 2004 - Systems from Dynamit Nobel and Saab Bofors Dynamics selected for competition.
 February 2006 - Contract (£40m) awarded to Dynamit Nobel Defence for production of the Anti-Structures Munition (ASM) version of the MATADOR.
July 2019 - The UK is in the process of awarding a new contract of the Anti-Structures Munition.

Specifications
 Range: 500 m
 Warhead: "Enhanced blast warhead technology"

See also
 MATADOR (weapon)
 Panzerfaust 3

References

External links
 Dynamit Nobel Defence

Rocket weapons
Surface-to-surface missiles of the United Kingdom
Anti-fortification weapons
SuperPrime. SuperPrime is a computer program used for calculating the primality of a large set of positive natural numbers. Because of its multi-threaded nature and dynamic load scheduling, it scales excellently when using more than one thread (execution core). It is commonly used as an overclocking benchmark to test the speed and stability of a system.

Background information
In August 1995, the calculation of Pi up to 4,294,960,000 decimal digits was achieved by using a supercomputer at the University of Tokyo. The program used to achieve this was ported to personal computers, for operating systems such as Windows NT and Windows 95 and called Super-PI. SuperPrime is another take on this procedure, substituting raw floating-point calculations for the value of Pi with more complex instructions to calculate the primality of a set of natural numbers.

Landmarks
On September 29, 2006, a milestone was broken when bachus_anonym of www.xtremesystems.org broke the 30 seconds barrier using a highly overclocked Core 2 Duo machine

See also
Erodov.com, the 'home forum' for the SuperPrime benchmark.

References

External links
Main Thread @ www.erodov.com

Prime numbers
Bhoomi (software). Bhoomi online is a project jointly funded by the Government of India and the Government of Karnataka to digitize the paper land records and create a software mechanism to control changes to the land registry in Karnataka.  The project was designed to eliminate the long-standing problem of inefficiency and corruption in the maintenance of land records at dispersed and poorly supervised and audited block-level offices known as "taluka" offices in South India and "tehsildar" offices in North India. The project development and implementation was done by National Informatics Centre.

Many experiments with computerization have failed due to corruption and other factors.

Background 
The idea to computerize land records was first mooted by Chief Minister of Karnataka S. M. Krishna in 1999. In his 2000–01 budget speech, he stated: "I am making a solemn commitment in this House that by March 31, 2001, RTCs in computerised format will be made available to every single farmer in the State." In his next budget speech, he said that RTCs were "available at kiosks in 40 taluks across the State. In a few months the remaining 125 taluks will be able to get RTCs." It was reported in 2004 that the Bhoomi project included demographic and economic data and legal rights, and that it also had 47 information fields on owner, tenant, crops, yield, irrigation sources, mortgage details, nature of soil and bank loans.

See also
 HALRIS
 Girdawari
 Project Nemmadi

References

External links
 Karnataka website on Bhoomi RTC
 Rediff Article (10/4/2007) on Rajeev Chawla and Bhoomi

Government of Karnataka
Land management in India
E-government in India
Comparison of business integration software. This article is a comparison of notable business integration and business process automation software.

General

Scope
Scope of this comparison:
 Service-oriented architecture implementations;
 Message-oriented middleware and message brokers;
 Enterprise service bus implementations;
 BPEL implementations;
 Enterprise application integration software.

General information

Compatibility and interoperability

Operating system support

Hardware support

Supported hardware depends on supported operating systems.

Database support

Web servers support

See also
 List of application servers
 List of BPEL engines
 List of BPMN 2.0 engines

Notes

Footnotes

References
 Daryl C. Plummer, David W. McCoy, Charles Abrams. Magic Quadrant for the Integrated Service Environment Market, 2006. Gartner, research G00137074.

Software comparisons

Enterprise application integration
ICE demolition protocol. For the Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE), the ICE Demolition Protocol is a British waste management protocol produced by EnviroCentre, in partnership with London Remade. It came out of a joint ICE and Institute of Waste Management group called the Resource Sustainability Initiative.

The first edition was founded in 2003 and the second in 2008, although the second version does not supersede the second.

References

Demolition
Institution of Civil Engineers
Sustainability in the United Kingdom
Anurag Kumar. Anurag Kumar was the Director of the Indian Institute of Science at Bangalore, India from 2014–2020. He is a professor at the Department of Electrical Communication Engineering, and has served as the Chairperson of the Electrical Sciences Division at the Indian Institute of Science, before being appointed as the Director in 2014.

Education and career 
Anurag Kumar obtained his BTech degree in Electrical Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology at Kanpur in 1977, and was awarded the President of India's gold medal. He then obtained the PhD degree from Cornell University (1981), where he worked under the guidance of Prof. T.L. Fine. He was a Member of Technical Staff at AT&T Bell Labs, Holmdel, N.J., for over 6 years. During this period he worked on the performance analysis of computer systems, communication networks, and manufacturing systems.

His current research areas of interest include communication networks, cyber physical systems, distributed Systems: stochastic modelling, analysis, inference, optimisation, and control problems arising in such systems.

Since 1988 he has been with the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore, in the Department of Electrical Communication Engineering (ECE). From 2000 to 2004 he was the Associate Chair of the ECE Department, from 2004 to 2007 he was the Chair of the ECE Department, and from 2007 to 2014 he was the Chair of Electrical Sciences Division. From 1989 to 2003, he was also the Coordinator at IISc of the nationwide Education and Research Network (ERNET) Project, which established the first country-wide packet communication network in India.

He has served as an Area Editor for IEEE Transactions on Networking, and for IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials.

Awards and recognition 
Prof. Kumar received the Institute of Electronics and Telecommunications Engineers (IETE) CDIL Best Paper Award (1993). He is a recipient of the COMSWARE 2008 Conference Best Paper Award, and also the IISc Alumni Award for Excellence in Engineering Research (2008).On 26 October 2009, Anurag Kumar was announced as a co-winner of the CDAC-ACCS Foundation Award for 2009 by the Advanced Computing and Communications Society.

He has been an elected Fellow of the Indian National Academy of Engineering since 1999 and an elected Fellow of the Indian National Science Academy since 2006. He is also a Fellow of Indian Academy of Sciences from 2010. As of 1 January 2006, Anurag Kumar is an elected Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. for contributions to communication networks and distributed computing systems. He has been awarded the DST J.C. Bose National Fellowship for the period 2011–2021.

References

External links
 Homepage of Prof Anurag Kumar

Cornell University College of Engineering alumni
Academic staff of the Indian Institute of Science
Fellows of the IEEE
Living people
IIT Kanpur alumni
1955 births
Chelyabinsk Pipe Rolling Plant. Chelyabinsk Tube Rolling Plant (also known as ChelPipe; abbreviated as ChTPZ; ) manufactures every kind of steel pipe, including pipes used for the construction of petroleum, natural gas and water pipelines; and pipes used in manufacturing processes.

Overview
The company was established in 1942 and is based in Chelyabinsk. It is involved in the production and distribution of steel pipes, with its main products being large diameter welded pipes, small diameter hot-worked seamless pipes (108–169 mm diameter) and cold-worked seamless pipes (89–426 mm diameter). Chelyabinsk Pipe Rolling Plant accounts for 11% of the total Russian pipe production and more than 70% of Russian pipelines currently in operation use pipes made by the company.

In 2008, the plant produced 806,700 tonnes of pipe products. In recent years, it has entered a large scale modernization programme. In 2022, the company's revenue amounted to 72000 rubles.

The company's important overseas clients include Japan and the United States.  Main production facilities are located in the city of Chelyabinsk, which is just east of the Ural Mountains.  The company's sales office is located in Moscow.

References

External links 
Official Website
Chelyabinsk Tube Rolling Plant - English language and Russian language
Images of Vysota-239, the newest workshop of the Chelyabinsk Tube Rolling Plant
Images of the Pervouralsk New Pipe Plant, a part of the ChelPipe group
Iron Ozone 32, the newest workshop of the Pervouralsk New Pipe Plant

Manufacturing companies of the Soviet Union
Chelyabinsk
Manufacturing companies of Russia
Companies based in Chelyabinsk
Buildings and structures in Chelyabinsk Oblast
Companies listed on the Moscow Exchange
Manufacturing plants in Russia
Directive on the legal protection of designs. Directive 98/71/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 October 1998 on the legal protection of designs 
is a European Union directive in the field of industrial design rights, made under the internal market 
provisions of the Treaty of Rome. It sets harmonised standards for eligibility and protection of most types of 
registered design.

Eligible designs 
A design is defined as "the appearance of the whole or a part of a product resulting from the features of, in particular, 
the lines, contours, colours, shape, texture and/or materials of the product itself and/or its ornamentation" (Art. 2). 
Designs may be protected if:
they are novel, that is if no identical design has been made available to the public;
they have individual character, that is the "informed user" would find it different from other designs which are available to the public.
Where a design forms part of a more complex product, the novelty and individual character of the design are judged on the part 
of the design which is visible during normal use.

Designs are not protected insofar as their appearance is wholly determined by their technical function, or by the need to 
interconnect with other products to perform a technical function (the "must-fit" exception). However modular systems such as 
Lego or Mechano may be protected [Art. 8(3)].

Design right protection 
The holder of a registered design right has the exclusive right to authorise or prohibit others from using the design in any 
way, notably by producing, importing, selling or using products based on the design. However, rightholders may not prevent 
private and non-commercial use, use for research or use for teaching. There is also an exception for foreign-registered ships 
and aeroplanes, based on the principles of maritime sovereignty.

Protection under a registered design right last initially for one or more periods of five years, and may be renewed up to a 
maximum total of twenty-five years. In respect of a given product, they are exhausted when it is sold with the consent of the 
rightholder (the first-sale doctrine).

Protection by a registered design right does not affect any other intellectual property rights in the product, notably 
unregistered design rights, patents and trade marks. The question of copyright protection is left to the 
laws of the Member States, which apply varying criteria of originality to the copyright protection of "applied art"; the point, however, is that the existence of the registered design right does not stop the design also being eligible for copyright protection.

Implementation

Review 
The Directive leaves the question of component parts mostly without harmonisation, given the widely varying practices between 
Member States.

See also 
Industrial design rights in the European Union
Community design

External links 
Text of directive with metadata

Legal protection of designs
Industrial design
Intellectual property law of the European Union
1998 in law
1998 in the European Union