omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Rebeca (programming language). Rebeca (acronym for Reactive Objects Language) is an actor-based modeling language with a formal foundation, designed in an effort to bridge the gap between formal verification approaches and real applications. It can be considered as a reference model for concurrent computation, based on an operational interpretation of the actor model. It is also a platform for developing object-based concurrent systems in practice.

Besides having an appropriate and efficient way for modeling concurrent and distributed systems, one needs a formal verification approach to ensure their correctness. Rebeca is supported by a set of verification tools. Earlier tools provided a front-end to work with Rebeca code, and to translate the Rebeca code into input languages of well-known and mature model checkers (like SPIN and NuSMV) and thus, were able to verify their properties.
Rebeca, since 2005, is supported by a direct model checker based on Modere (the Model checking Engine of Rebeca).
Modular verification and abstraction techniques are used to reduce the state space and make it possible to verify complicated reactive systems.
Besides these techniques, Modere supports partial order reduction and symmetry reduction.

See also 
 Formal methods
 Model checking
 SPIN model checker

References 
 M. Sirjani. Formal Specification and Verification of Concurrent and Reactive Systems, PhD Thesis, Department of Computer Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, December 2004.
 M. Sirjani, A. Movaghar. An Object-Based Model for Agents, in Proceedings of Workshop on Agents for Information Management, Austrian Computer Society, October 2002.

External links 
 Rebeca Home Page
 Formal Methods Laboratory, University of Tehran

Concurrent programming languages
RAVON. RAVON (Robust Autonomous Vehicle for Off-road Navigation) is a robot being developed at the Robotics Research Lab at University of Kaiserslautern, Germany. The vehicle is used, as a testbed to investigate behaviour-based strategies on motion adaptation, localization and navigation in rough outdoor terrain. The basis vehicle was produced by Robosoft.

Description 
The vehicle uses a 3D laser scanner.

The vehicle is an example of using behavior-based components on two layers of a multi-layer control system. It also uses a form of short-term memory to prevent collisions with obstacles that it observed some time ago.

The vehicle was experimentally tested at the 2nd Military European Land Robot Trial 2008.

Technical specifications
Length: 2.35 m
Width: 1.4 m
Height: 1.2 m
Weight: 750 kg
Computer: 4 On-board PCs
Power Supply: 8 spiral cell batteries (12 V, 55 Ah each)
Operation Time: about 4 hours
Drive: 4WD with four independent electric motors
Steering: front and rear wheel steering via linear motors
Velocity: 10 km/h max.
Controller: 2 Motorola 56F803 DSPs
Computer: 4 On-board PCs
Floor Clearance: 0.3 m
Max. Slope: 100% (at 7 km/h)

References

External links
Robotics Research Lab
University of Kaiserslautern
Official Website of Ravon

Robits
Marvin (robot). Mobile Autonomous Robot Vehicle for Indoor Navigation (Marvin) is a mobile robot developed at Robotics Lab at University of Kaiserslautern, Germany.
This platform consists of a differential drive, a bumper for basic operational safety, planar laser range scanners at the front and back side for obstacle detection, a belt of ultrasonic sensors for recognizing jutting edges such as table tops, a web cam, another fixed laser scanner at a height of one meter for a view free of clutter and a stereo microphone system for localization of sound sources. Its control system follows a behavior-based approach and its mapping abilities rely on a 2D geometric and topological strategy.

Technical specifications

Length: 72 cm
Width: 72 cm
Height: 120 cm
Weight: about 80 kg
Payload: about 100 kg
Power Supply: 2 lead batteries, each 12V
Operation Time: 3 hours
Drive: Differential drive with 2 electric motors
Max. Speed: 4.3 km/h
Controller: 2 Maxon-Motor control system, controlled through a DSP-Board
Computer: 1 onboard PC
Sensors: 2 Sick AG Laser scanners, Ultrasonic belt, 2 Microphones, Camera on pan-tilt unit

References

External links
  

Individual robots
Robots of Germany
Differential wheeled robots
2000s robots
Technical University of Kaiserslautern
P-series fuels. P-series fuels are a family of renewable, non-petroleum, liquid fuels that can substitute for gasoline. The blend of methyl tetrahydrofuran (MTHF), ethanol, and hydrocarbon constitute the P-series fuel. These fuels are clear, high-octane alternative fuels that can be used in flexible fuel vehicles. It addresses 3 problems: the need for non-petroleum energy sources, solid waste management, and affordability. The feedstock is not incinerated, but chemically digested, so there is no combustion with the accompanying toxic air emissions.

External links
 DOE Alternative Fuels Data Center – Emerging Alternative Fuels
 Institute for Analysis of Global Securities web site
 An Optimized Alternative Motor Fuel Formulation: Natural Gas Liquids Ethanol and a Biomass-Derived Ether
 

Fuels
William Dawes Miller. William Dawes Miller ( 1918 – April 9, 1993) was an American engineer. He was also a director of the Pioneer Fund and President of the Metropolitan Club in Manhattan.

He graduated from Carnegie Institute of Technology. Miller was an engineer and operations officer at Oak Ridge National Laboratory for the United States Atomic Energy Commission (Manhattan Project). Later he was chief engineer at Continental Copper & Steel on the Texas Towers radar project. He went on to be President and CEO of Consolidated Aluminum, and later a senior vice president at The Anaconda Company.

He died of a heart attack in Palm Beach, Florida.

References

Paid Notice (October 8, 2004). Deaths: Brint, Elizabeth M. New York Times
Staff report (April 15, 1993). William D. Miller, 74; Ran Metals Company. New York Times
Pioneer Fund Founders and Former Directors

1910s births
1993 deaths
20th-century American engineers
NER Class E. The North Eastern Railway (NER) Class E, classified as Class J71 by the London and North Eastern Railway (LNER), was a class of small 0-6-0T steam locomotive designed by T.W. Worsdell. They had inside cylinders and Stephenson valve gear and were the basis for the later NER Class E1 (LNER Class J72).

Numbering
Eighty-one of them passed into British Railways ownership in 1948 and they were numbered 68230-68316 (with gaps).

Accidents and incidents
In 1890, locomotive No. 811 was hauling a freight train when it was derailed on the Redheugh Incline, Gateshead, County Durham.

References

External links 

 The T.W. Worsdell J71 (NER Class E) 0-6-0 Tank Engines LNER Encyclopedia

0-6-0T locomotives
E
Railway locomotives introduced in 1886
Scrapped locomotives
Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain
The Sleuth Kit. The Sleuth Kit (TSK) is a library and collection of Unix- and Windows-based utilities for extracting data from disk drives and other storage so as to facilitate the forensic analysis of computer systems. It forms the foundation for Autopsy, a better known tool that is essentially a graphical user interface to the command line utilities bundled with The Sleuth Kit. 

The collection is open source and protected by the GPL, the CPL and the IPL. The software is under active development and it is supported by a team of developers. The initial development was done by Brian Carrier who based it on The Coroner's Toolkit. It is the official successor platform. 

The Sleuth Kit is capable of parsing NTFS, FAT/ExFAT, UFS 1/2, Ext2, Ext3, Ext4, HFS, ISO 9660 and YAFFS2 file systems either separately or within disk images stored in raw (dd), Expert Witness or AFF formats.  The Sleuth Kit can be used to examine most Microsoft Windows, most Apple Macintosh OSX, many Linux and some other UNIX computers.

The Sleuth Kit can be used via the included command line tools, or as a library embedded within a separate digital forensic tool such as Autopsy or log2timeline/plaso.

Tools
Some of the tools included in The Sleuth Kit include:
 ils lists all metadata entries, such as an Inode.
 blkls displays data blocks within a file system (formerly called dls).
 fls lists allocated and unallocated file names within a file system.
 fsstat displays file system statistical information about an image or storage medium.
 ffind searches for file names that point to a specified metadata entry.
 mactime creates a timeline of all files based upon their MAC times.
 disk_stat (currently Linux-only) discovers the existence of a Host Protected Area.

Applications
The Sleuth Kit can be used  

 for use in forensics, its main purpose
 for understanding what data is stored on a disk drive, even if the operating system has removed all metadata.  
 for recovering deleted image files  
 summarizing all deleted files 
 search for files by name or included keyword 
 for use by future historians dealing with computer storage devices

See also

Autopsy (software) — A graphical user interface to The Sleuth Kit.
CAINE Linux − Includes The Sleuth Kit

References

External links

Computer forensics
Free security software
Unix security-related software
Hard disk software
Digital forensics software
Jim Suttle. James H. Suttle (born June 13, 1944) is an American corporate executive, engineer, and politician who served as the 50th mayor of Omaha, Nebraska from 2009 to 2013.

Earlier career
Suttle held the position of vice-chair of the Board of Directors for the Omaha-based engineering and design firm HDR, Inc.  He also served as executive vice president and director of corporate development for HDR. He is a licensed professional engineer in Nebraska and has served as a member and chairman of the Nebraska Board of Engineers and Architects .

Public service

In 2005, Suttle was elected to represent District 1 on the Omaha City Council. As a councilman, he served on the board of the Metropolitan Area Planning Agency and as a member of the Omaha-Douglas Building Commission. Suttle previously served as Public Works Director for the City of Omaha, and once held transportation planning positions with local governments in Albuquerque, New Mexico and Wichita, Kansas.

Four council members, led by Frank Brown, voted to strip $200,000 from a project backed by Suttle to create another streetscape in Florence, moving the funds to another project. The vote marked the first time in several years that Omaha City Council members had agreed to take away funds from another member's district.

On November 24, 2008, Jim Suttle announced his candidacy for Mayor of Omaha.

On April 7, 2009, in the nonpartisan mayoral primary, Suttle finished second to former Mayor Hal Daub. The two went on to the general election on May 12, 2009 and Suttle was elected Mayor of Omaha.

Recall election
In late 2010 the movement to recall Suttle had been gathering signatures to recall him. One of the arguments against the recall is that it would cost 600,000 to 900,000 dollars. 37,219 unvalidated Signatures were handed in at 3 p.m on November 19, 2010, 10,000 more than needed. 26,643 valid names were required.

The recall election happened on January 25, 2011. Suttle defeated the attempt to recall him in a close result with those voting "NO" to the recall 38,841, and those voting "YES" to the recall 37,198; this represented a margin of 51.1 percent to the recallers' 48.9 percent.
Accusations were made against Forward Omaha, an Anti-Recall campaign organization regarding people who were transported to the Election Commission Office to vote, and then to a campaign worker training where they were paid for their time. A member of the opposing side was charged with faking eight signatures on the recall petition. Upon investigation, the Nebraska State Patrol reported that, although poor judgment was involved, there was no wrongdoing from the leaders of either group. Prosecutions in either investigation would not have invalidated the election.

References

External links 

Jim Suttle

21st-century mayors of places in Nebraska
Nebraska Democrats
Omaha City Council members
Mayors of Omaha, Nebraska
Living people
1944 births
People from Morrison, Colorado
West Virginia University alumni
Amorphous magnet. In physics, amorphous magnet refers to a magnet made from amorphous solids. Below a certain temperature, these magnets present permanent magnetic phases produced by randomly located magnetic moments. Three common types of amorphous magnetic phases are asperomagnetism, speromagnetism and sperimagnetism, which correspond to ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism, respectively, of crystalline solids. Spin glass models can present these amorphous types of magnetism. Due to random frustration, amorphous magnets possess many nearly degenerate ground states.

The terms for the amorphous magnetic phases were coined by Michael Coey in 1970s. The Greek root spero/speri () means 'to scatter'.

Phases

Single species

Asperomagnetism 
Asperomagnetism is the equivalent of ferromagnetism for a disordered system with random magnetic moments. It is defined by short range correlations of locked magnetic moments within small noncrystalline regions, with average long range correlations. Speromagnets possess a permanent net magnetic moment.

An example of a asperomagnets is amorphous YFe3 and DyNi3.

Speromagnetism 
Speromagnetism is the equivalent of antiferromagnetism for a disordered system with random magnetic moments. It is defined by short range correlations of locked magnetic moments within small noncrystalline regions, without average long range correlations. Speromagnets do not have a net magnetic moment. 

An example of a solid presenting speromagnetism is amorphous YFe2 and can be detected using Mössbauer spectroscopy.

Multiple species

Sperimagnetism 
Sperimagnetism is the equivalent of ferrimagnetism for a disordered system with two or more species of magnetic moments, with at least one species locked in random magnetic moments. Sperimagnets possess a permanent net magnetic moment. When all species are the same, this phase is equivalent to asperomagnetism.

Notes

References 

Quantum phases
Magnetic ordering
Amorphous solids
Multi-layer CCD. A multi-layer CCD is a CCD image sensor that captures true RGB using stacked CCD sensor layers.

This concept was the subject of a 1978 Kodak patent application (issued 1986), but did not result in a working image sensor.

The concept resurfaced as part of an April Fools' Day prank press release from dpreview.com. When the joke was released in 2000, a remarkably similar device was under development at Foveon—the Foveon X3 image sensor, which is multi-layered but is not a CCD. The Foveon sensor was announced on dpreview.com in 2002, with sample images.

References

Image sensors
Mictomagnetism. Mictomagnetism is a spin system in which various exchange interactions are mixed. It is observed in several kinds of alloys, including Cu–Mn, Fe–Al and Ni–Mn alloys. Cooled in zero magnetic field, these materials have low remanence and coercivity. Cooled in a magnetic field, they have much larger remanence, and the hysteresis loop is shifted in the direction opposite to the field (an effect similar to exchange bias).

References

Further reading

Quantum phases
Magnetic ordering
Magnetic alloys
Magnetic exchange interactions
Zelzal. Zelzal (, meaning "Earthquake") is a series of artillery rockets developed by Iran. The series consists of:

Zelzal-1, with an estimated range of 
Zelzal-2, with an estimated range of 
Zelzal-3, with an estimated range of 

These rockets were developed by Hassan Tehrani Moghaddam following development the Shahab-1 and Shahab-2.

See also
Aerospace Force of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps
Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Defense industry of Iran
Equipment of the Iranian Army
Fateh-110

References 

Rocket artillery
Artillery of Iran
Niobium nitride. Niobium nitride is a compound of niobium and nitrogen (nitride) with the chemical formula NbN. At low temperatures (about 16 K) NbN becomes a superconductor, and is used in detectors for infrared light.

Uses
Niobium nitride's main use is as a superconductor. 
Detectors based on it can detect a single photon in the 1-10 micrometer section of the infrared spectrum, which is important for astronomy and telecommunications. It can detect changes up to 25 gigahertz. 
Superconducting NbN nanowires can be used in particle detectors with high magnetic fields.
Niobium nitride is also used in absorbing anti-reflective coatings.
In 2015, it was reported that Panasonic Corp. has developed a photocatalyst based on niobium nitride that can absorb 57% of sunlight to support the decomposition of water to produce hydrogen gas as fuel for electrochemical fuel cells.

References

Niobium(III) compounds
Nitrides
Superconductors
Rock salt crystal structure
XF5700 Mantis Experimental Fighter. XF5700 Mantis Experimental Fighter is a space combat simulator developed by Paragon Software and published by MicroProse under their Microplay Software label for DOS in 1992.

Gameplay
Using what was dubbed "real physics", the XF5700 Mantis attempts to simulate space physics otherwise known as Newtonian physics. If the thrust is hit, the craft will glide through space (like a boat through water) and will not change directions readily like in other space sims. The game's artificial intelligence is faulty at times, Sirian craft could always target the player and plot a suicide course against the player rather than trying to kill the wingmates. Some missions tend to be repetitive. Later on, a digitized speechpack upgrade was released.

Later on a CD-ROM version was released, containing (very early) video-captured sequences, the speech pack, numerous new animated cutscenes and an extra campaign, where you fought a new alien race called the "rexum".

Plot
Based on Warhead by Glyn Williams, Mantis takes the plot further by using 90 missions. In what is possibly a rewrite of Williams's game, the invasion by the Sirian aliens (now dubbed "Sirians") takes place on March 16, 2094, leaving 3 billion humans dead. Earth was unprepared for the attack due to a recent war in the Middle East (Eurisian War) that took place thus exhausting the resources for defense against aliens. After Earth was devastated, the governments were dissolved in favor of a unified power called the Fist of Earth. FOE is Earth's final hope to eliminate the Sirian threat. FOE's defenses is SolBase and the XF5700 Mantis. "Viper" (the player) is a Mantis pilot who was enlisted by FOE to fight the Sirians.

The aliens, which are now called "Sirians", are bug-like creatures which look like giant cockroaches, but have a strong collective group mind using telepathic messages when in groups. At first the Sirians were tiny "roaches" on their home planet, but as time passed, they evolved and eventually took over the dominant race on the planet Siria, wiped them out, and assimilated their technology. Siria later became uninhabitable. Sirians need vertebrate creatures in which to lay eggs to produces new Sirians; this is why the Sirians targeted Earth after searching for a new home planet.

Reception

Citing the claims on the game's packaging, Computer Gaming World stated that "Mantis is neither a successor to that 'other' space adventure nor is it an 'Ultra-realistic space flight simulation' ... The flight model is weak, the action limited, and overall gameplay, poor ... a null game." A 1994 survey of strategic space games set in the year 2000 and later gave the game two stars out of five, stating that "it accomplished its mission adequately, but without style".

References

External links

1992 video games
DOS games
DOS-only games
MicroProse games
Paragon Software games
Science fiction video games
Single-player video games
Space combat simulators
Video games developed in the United States
John Kennedy (engineer). Sir John Kennedy (26 September 1838 – 25 October 1921) was a Canadian civil engineer.

He was born at Spencerville, Upper Canada, and was educated at McGill University.  In 1863 he was appointed assistant city engineer of Montreal, Quebec.  In 1871 he became division engineer, and later chief engineer of the Great Western System of Canada.  In 1875-1907 he was chief engineer of the Montreal harbour commission.  He deepened the ship canal between Montreal and Quebec from 20 to 27½ feet (6.1 to 8.4 m) and designed and carried out all the improvements in Montreal harbor during 32 years.  He was a member of several royal commissions for engineering purposes connected with the Lachine Canal, the causes of floods at Montreal, and the completion of the Trent Valley Canal system.

He was made a Knight Bachelor in 1916.

References
 
 

People from Montreal
McGill University alumni
Canadian Knights Bachelor
Canadian engineers
1838 births
1921 deaths
Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)
Harbour engineers
Meet Your Mechanical Masters. Meet Your Mechanical Masters was Servotron's debut release. It was released in 1995 on Sympathy for the Record Industry (cited on the sleeve as Sympathy for the Machines). This single was released on purple vinyl and black vinyl. It was re-released as a silver circuit board picture disc as the "Super Expensive Ultra Limited Totally Bitchen' Silver Disc". "People Mover" is a song about trains at the Atlanta Airport.

Track listing
RAM Side: "People Mover"
ROM Side: "Slave to the Metal Horde"

Machines of Sonic Manipulation
MACHINE 1 = Z4 - OBX: Mechanical percussion sync and electronic rhythmic reinforcement
MACHINE 2 = Proto Unit V3: Synthesized key sequences, replicated female voice, melody matrix
MACHINE 3 = 339837X: Interactive mechanisms of monotonic expression of dissension, synthetic speech patterns used in context of modern systems of melodic infusion
MACHINE 4 = -... .- ... ... -... --- -: Low frequency data and feedback loop

Other Credits
No Humans were involved in this completely digital recording process
Illustration & Design by Shag

Servotron albums
1995 EPs
Sympathy for the Record Industry EPs
Batteries Included (song). Batteries Included was Servotron's second release. It is also referred to as Red Robot Refund or Servotron. It was released on gray vinyl and black vinyl in 1996 on Goldenrod. The cover is all gray with raised Servotron lettering. The plastic sleeves with the gray version are screened with the same lettering and a robot walking (pictured). "Red Robot Refund" is about the red robot (R5-D4) in Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope that Uncle Owen buys but immediately malfunctions. "Batteries Included" is a song about vibrators and how their use will cause the extinction of the human race through lack of reproduction.

Track listing
Blank Side: "Red Robot Refund (Ode to R5-D4)"
Blank Side: "Batteries Included"

References

Servotron albums
1996 EPs