omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Phase 3 Eclipse. The Phase 3 Eclipse is an American ultralight aircraft that was designed by Bruce Emmons and produced by Phase 3 Aircraft. The aircraft was supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

Design and development
The aircraft was designed to comply with the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules, including the category's maximum empty weight of . The aircraft has a standard empty weight of . It features a cantilever high-wing, inverted V-tail, a single-seat, open cockpit, tricycle landing gear and a single engine in pusher configuration.

The aircraft is made from bolted-together aluminum tubing, with the flying surfaces covered in double surface Dacron sailcloth. Its elliptical planform  span wing it mounted using several cabane struts and produces a 15:1 glide ratio. The pilot sits on an open-air seat, without a windshield. The control system is unusual in that roll control is by cable-actuated wing warping. All three landing gear wheels have suspension and the nosewheel is steerable. The  KFM 107 powerplant is mounted behind the pilot's seat, with the propeller in between the upper and lower tailboom tubes. The design was proof-tested to +9/-9 g. The aircraft exhibits good stability in all axes in flight and can be quickly dismantled for storage or ground transport. The wing is removed with three bolts.

The design was introduced just before the ultralight market in the US became saturated in 1984, as such it such never became a commercial success. Only a small number were completed.

Specifications (Eclipse)

References

1980s United States ultralight aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
High-wing aircraft
V-tail aircraft
Rock Stars (TV series). Rock Stars is a documentary/reality television series that follows a team of rock scalers from a slope stabilization/rock remediation company. The series is produced by Echo Entertainment for the National Geographic Channel. Ten episodes have been created so far, the first airing on November 22, 2011.

Plot
The series portrays a group of rock remediation technicians whose primary objective is to protect the public and their communities from rockslides. As trained professionals, these men suspend on the sides of cliffs that are anywhere from 25 to 200-feet high and remove any unstable rocks or boulders that could pose a potential threat to unsuspecting drivers and hikers below. The crew use scale bars, a crow-bar type of tool with an angled tip, to bring down most of the rock. Often they also utilize rubber airbags inflated by an air compressor to bring down the larger masses of rock. The company also specializes in rock bolting, wire mesh installation, rock net installation, shotcrete, slope monitoring and slope blasting. The company has been around since 1968 and has long been a leader in the rock remediation world.

Location
The first season takes place in two locations, White Pass (Washington) along U.S. Route 12 and Niagara Falls.

Production
The documentary was filmed and produced by Echo Entertainment, a production company out of Studio City, California. Each member of the production crew was required to attend a week-long training course to obtain a certification in ropes access. Cameramen shooting on Sony EX-1s and Sony XDCam-800s were often suspended over the sides of the cliffs while shooting the scalers on the mountain. GoPro helmet cameras were also mounted on the helmets of each rock scaler to capture POV of the scalers on the hill.

Episodes
 "Chaos On The Cascades" – 11/22/2011
 "Deathtrap" – 11/29/2011
 "Meltdown on the Mountain" – 12/6/2011
 "Man v. Boulder" – 12/13/2011
 "Falling Apart" – 12/20/2011
 "Assault On Niagara" – 12/27/2011
 "House of Cards" – 1/3/2012
 "D-Day" – 1/10/2012
 "Bolt to the Finish" – 1/17/2012
 "Blowing Up" – 1/24/2012

References

 Rock Stars Episode Guide. National Geographic Channel.

External links

Watch Rock Stars

2010s American reality television series
National Geographic (American TV channel) original programming
2011 American television series debuts
2012 American television series endings
Nanoinverter. A nanoinverter, also referred to as a nano inverter or solar nano inverter, converts direct current (DC) from a single solar cell or small solar panel to alternating current (AC).

Advantages 
Nanoinverters have several advantages over microinverters (which are connected to larger than 100-watt solar panels). The main advantage is that, even small amounts of shading, debris or snow lines in any one solar cell, or a smaller panel failure, does not disproportionately reduce the output of an entire larger panel. Each nanoinverter obtains optimum power by performing maximum power point tracking for its connected panel.

Description

Building Integrated Photo Voltaics
BIPV modules produce direct current power from range 10 watts to 100 watts.

Integrated circuit-based AC nanoinverter on each module is reported to increase harvest rate by 30% and substantially decrease installation constraints.

Solar Cell
DC nanoconverter-on-chip is capable of harvesting from microwatts power and as low as 80mV (0.08V) voltage. Harvest rate has been reported to improve 30%-70% with an integrated MPPT and DC-DC booster.

References

External links
Inverter Manufacturer

Inverters
Photovoltaics
OpenPages. IBM OpenPages is an integrated governance, risk, and compliance (GRC) platform that enables companies to manage risk and regulatory challenges across the enterprise. The software was developed by American Computer Innovators in 1996.

History 

In 1996, Amherst, Massachusetts-based American Computer Innovators (ACI, a company founded May 1990) began developing an electronic publishing system for news publishers and other media companies. The software was eventually marketed as an enterprise content management system under the brand/product name OpenPages Composer. Customers at the time included dozens of news publishers around the U.S. such as The Day Publishing Company, Daily Press, Chicago Tribune, Miami Herald and many more.  In August, 2000, American Computer Innovators was officially renamed Openpages, and the computer hardware sales and repair portion of the business was spun off as Amherst Computerworks in June 2001. The company was significantly restructured during 2000-2001, and under new management its offerings were marketed as Governance, Risk, and Compliance software and services sold to enterprise customers.  Over the decade that followed OpenPages attracted more than 200 customers including Barclays, Duke Energy, and TIAA-CREF.

On October 21, 2010, OpenPages was officially acquired by IBM. OpenPages joins software brands Cognos and SPSS to form the Business Analytics division of the IBM Software Group. The OpenPages name continues to be applied to IBM's line of governance, risk management, and compliance products.

On November 17, 2020, IBM announced OpenPages would be included in their Cloud Pak for Data solution. IBM Cloud Pak for Data 4.0 provides an intelligent data fabric that combines and automates data and AI lifecycles, simplifying data management to accelerate digital transformation.

Services
OpenPages provides a set of core services and functional components that span risk and compliance domains, which include:

 Operational Risk
 Policy Management
 Financial Controls Management
 IT Governance
 Internal Audit
 Model Risk Governance
 Regulatory Compliance Management
 Third-party Risk Management
 Business Continuity Management
 Data Privacy Management

External links
 Official site
 Compliance Management Systems

References

Risk management software
Risk management companies
IBM acquisitions
Defunct companies based in Massachusetts
IBM software
BioUML. BioUML (Biological Universal Modeling Language) is an open-source web-based software platform written in Java with support for JavaScript and R. The main field is systems biology and data analysis - visualization of biological data, modeling of biological systems, as well as access to bioinformatics databases. It was originally developed by Fedor Kolpakov in 2002 in collaboration between Biosoft.Ru and the Institute of Systems Biology in Novosibirsk, Russia.

Available versions 
The current release of BioUML is version 2023.3 released in September 2023.

BioUML Server offers access to data and analysis methods installed server-side for BioUML clients (workbench and web edition) over the Internet.
 
BioUML Workbench is a Java application that can work standalone or as "thick client" for the BioUML server edition.
 
BioUML Web Edition is a web browser based "thin client" for the BioUML server edition and provides most of the functionality of the BioUML workbench. It utilizes AJAX and HTML5 <canvas> technology for interactive data editing and visual modeling.

The platform has been developed continuously since 2002 and offers data analysis and visualizations for scientists involved in complex molecular biology research. The system allows for the formalized description of biological systems structure and function including tools required to make discoveries related to genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics. The BioUML platform is built in a modular architecture which has allowed for the relatively simple addition of new tools. This has allowed the integration of many 3rd party tools into the platform over the 7 years it has been available.

Application and usage 
BioUML was used for visualization of data from Cyclonet's integrated database on cell cycle regulation and carcinogenesis in 2007

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and other high throughput methods create huge data sets (called "big data") in the region of 100 terabytes upwards. BioUML can disseminate, analyze and produce visualizations and simulations. It allows for parameter fitting and supports several analysis techniques required to deal with large amounts of raw data. The management of large volumes of data, commonly referred to as 'big data,' poses technical challenges in terms of storage, delivery, and sharing due to the collaborative nature of research across multiple institutions. A typical genome data set might contain 500 terabytes of data which may need to be shared, often internationally using Internet2 technology. Proprietary data compression mechanisms have been created (by Valex LLC) for the NCBI Short Read Archive Project that allow for the delivery of raw research data at speeds of up to 40 Gbit/s. To provide a full solution for such collaborative research, the makers of BioUML have developed a new hardware/software system in partnership with Valex LLC. This version of BioUML is called Bio datomics.

References

External links
 Official project site
 Biosoft.ru

Computational biology
William Robinson (inventor). William Robinson (November 22, 1840 – January 2, 1921) was an American inventor, electrical engineer, mechanical engineer and businessman. He invented the first track circuit used in railway signaling, a major development that improved railroad safety and efficiency.

Early life and education
William Robinson was born in Ireland on November 22, 1840. He came to the United States as a boy and lived in Brooklyn, New York for much of his adult life.

He received his B.A. degree in 1865 and his M.A. degree in 1868 from Wesleyan University. He received a Ph.D. in Electrical and Mechanical Engineering from Boston University in 1907.

Railway signaling inventions
Robinson began developing an automatic block signal system for railroads in 1867. His first system was installed on the Philadelphia and Erie Railroad in 1870. He received multiple patents for railway signaling inventions:
 1870: automatic electrical and electrically controlled fluid pressure signal systems (U.S.)
 1871: automatic electro-pneumatic electric signal systems (U.K.)
 1872: closed track circuit system (U.S. and France).

Robinson's invention of the closed track circuit, often referred to as "failsafe" due to its ability to reliably detect abnormalities such as broken wiring or a broken rail, was one of the key developments in railway safety, and paved the way for trustworthy railway signaling.  The failsafe track circuit remains in widespread use.

He established the Robinson Electric Railway Signal Company in 1873 and during the 1870s his signal systems were installed on railroads throughout the United States. He lived in Boston in the mid-1870s and supervised installation of his systems on the Boston and Lowell Railroad, the Boston and Providence Railroad, and other roads in the region. He organized the Union Electric Signal Company in 1878. This company, holding valuable patents on track circuit designs, was acquired by the newly formed Union Switch and Signal (US&S) in 1881.

Other inventions
Following the sale of Union Electric Signal to US&S, Robinson turned his attention to other fields, particularly mechanical inventions. His other significant inventions included:
 the Robinson radial car truck
 the first coaster brake used on bicycles
 roller bearing skates, and
 a repeating telephone.

William Robinson was the author of History of Automatic Electric and Electrically Controlled Fluid Pressure Signal Systems for Railroads (1906).

Professional recognition
Robinson was a Fellow of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, and an esteemed member of the Signal Section of the American Railway Association.

Robinson died on January 2, 1921, in Brooklyn.

References

1840 births
1921 deaths
American electrical engineers
Engineers from New York (state)
American inventors
American railroad pioneers
Wesleyan University alumni
Irish emigrants to the United States
Benzoylthiomethylecgonine. Benzoylthiomethylecgonine is a cocaine analog which includes a sulfur in replacement of an oxygen on the single bonded benzoyl ester, resulting in lower electronegativity than the parent compound.

See also
Salicylmethylecgonine
2'-Acetoxycocaine
4'-Fluorococaine

References

Tropanes
Dopamine reuptake inhibitors
Stimulants
Local anesthetics
Methyl esters
Bare machine. In information technology, bare machine (or bare-metal computer) is a computer which has no operating system. The software executed by a bare machine, commonly called a "bare metal program" or "bare metal application", is designed to interact directly with hardware. Bare machines are widely used in embedded systems, particularly in cases where resources are limited or high performance is required.

Advantages 

Typically, a bare-metal application will run faster, use less memory and be more power efficient than an equivalent program that relies on an operating system, due to the inherent overhead imposed by system calls. For example, hardware inputs and outputs are directly accessible to bare metal software, whereas they must be accessed through system calls when using an OS.

Disadvantages 
Bare metal applications typically require more effort to develop because operating system services such as memory management and task scheduling are not available.

Debugging a bare-metal program may be complicated by factors such as:
 Lack of a standard output.
 The target machine may differ from the hardware used for program development (e.g., emulator, simulator). This forces to set up a way to load the bare-metal program onto the target (flashing), start the program execution and access the target resources.

Bare-metal programming is generally done using a close-to-hardware language such as Rust, C++, C, or assembly language.

Examples

Early computers 
Early computers, such as the PDP-11, allowed programmers to load a program, supplied in machine code, to RAM. The resulting operation of the program could be monitored by lights, and output derived from magnetic tape, print devices, or storage.

Embedded systems 

Bare machine programming is a common practice in embedded systems, in which microcontrollers or microprocessors boot directly into monolithic, single-purpose software without loading an operating system. Such embedded software can vary in structure. For example, one such program paradigm, known as "foreground-background" or "superloop" architecture, consists of an infinite main loop in which each task is executed sequentially.

See also 
 Bare machine computing
 Barebone computer
 Standalone program

References

Further reading
 

Classes of computers
History of software
Operating systems
Alfdex. Alfdex AB is a Swedish company that develops and produces separators for cleaning of crankcase gases in diesel truck engines.

Alfdex is owned by the two public companies Alfa Laval and Concentric who are quoted on the Stockholm Stock Exchange.

Company history

Alfdex was founded in 2002 as a joint venture by the two Swedish companies Alfa Laval and Haldex,  therefore the name Alfdex. Alfa Laval had a separating technology which was first tested on marine diesel engines. Alfa Laval started to investigate the possibilities of creating a similar product for truck engines.  Alfa Laval and Haldex became partners and the result was the founding of the co-joint trademark Alfdex in 2002.

In 2004 the first Alfdex separators were sold to Volvo Diesel Truck Engines in South Korea.

Haldex Concentric won the 2009 Supplier Innovation Award from Deere & Company for its Alfdex separator technology.

In 2010 Alfdex initiated its deliveries to John Deere.

In 2011 Concentric took over Haldex's share of the Alfdex shares.

Alfdex has about 100 employees in Sweden, in Tumba and Landskrona.

References

External links 
 Alfdex Official Website
 Concentric Official Website
 Alfa Laval Official Website

Automotive companies of Sweden
Companies based in Landskrona
Automotive companies established in 2002
Swedish companies established in 2002
21st-century establishments in Skåne County
Dispersed media. A dispersed medium consists of two media that do not mix. More specifically, it contains discrete elements of one medium which are dispersed in a continuous second medium. The two media can be of very different nature. In particular, they can be a gas, a liquid or a solid.

Many materials which we encounter during the day are dispersed media. For example, milk consists of oil drops dispersed in water, fog contains tiny water drops dispersed in air, shaving cream contains bubbles dispersed in a liquid, sand consists of solid grains in air and a kitchen sponge of bubbles dispersed in a solid.

Dispersed media are commonly classified according to the nature of the two media and the volume fraction of the dispersed medium. At very low volume fraction the dispersed objects are not in contact with each other. At intermediate volume fraction they start to be in contact (they jam). And at even higher volume fraction, the dispersed objects deform in a tight packing.

Another classification takes into account the typical size of the dispersed objects. When the objects are very small (typically < 1 micrometer), for example, one speaks of colloids.

The following table provides an overview of the main types of dispersed media.

See also:  Dispersion

Chemical mixtures
John Romkey. John Romkey is an American computer scientist who along with Donald W. Gillies co-developed MIT PC/IP, the first TCP/IP stack in the industry for MS-DOS on the IBM PC in 1983 while at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 1986, Romkey founded FTP Software, a commercial TCP/IP stack provider. Romkey authored the first network analyzer, Netwatch, predating the Network General Sniffer.  He served on the IAB.  With Simon Hackett, Romkey connected the first appliance (a toaster) to the Internet in 1990.  Romkey is currently one of the owners of Blue Forest Research, a consulting company.

FTP Software provided commercial third-party TCP/IP packages for MS-DOS and Microsoft Windows. With the advent of Microsoft's own free TCP/IP stack, codenamed "Wolverine" and first introduced as an optional extra for Windows for Workgroups 3.11, FTP Software was driven out of business, along with all the other commercial providers of TCP/IP stacks.

Publications

References 

Internet protocols
History of the Internet
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Internet activists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
HB-F9P. The HB-F9P was a Sony MSX2-computer, launched in 1985. The abbreviation HB stands for Hit Bit.

The HB-F9P was unusual in the sense that it did not come with a built in floppy disk drive, instead it had a built in software suite "Memovision" that would run automatically unless a program cartridge was inserted in the cartridge slot or the  key was pressed during booting. 

Memovision could store data on the special HBI-55 (battery backed RAM) "data cartridge"  that Sony originally had developed, for their HB-55 and HB-75 MSX computers. These systems contained a simple built in program called the "Personal Databank".  Memovision was a continuation of the same idea, but much extended, as it contained stuff like a (birthday) calendar with alarm system, a "family databank"  (a combination of a text editor and database) a built in calculator and a timer and time calculator, all rendered in pseudo 3D style.

Variants 
Of the HB-F9 there were many different localized variants produced:
HB-F9P, with QWERTY-keyboard layout was designed for the PAL-standard, and meant for European countries, except Germany, France, Spain and the former Soviet Union.
HB-F9R, had a Russian keyboard.
HB-F9D, had a QWERTZ-keyboard for the German market
HB-F9F, had an AZERTY-keyboard for the French market, and was designed for the SECAM-standard.
HB-F9S, had a modified QWERTY-keyboard for the Spanish market.

Technical specifications 
Processor
 Sharp LH-0080 or NEC μPD780C
memory
ROM: 96 KB
MSX BASIC version 2.0: 48 KB
software suite: 48 KB
RAM
VRAM: 128 KB
main memory: 128 KB
Video
VDP
Yamaha V9938
text: 80×24, 40×24 en 32×24 (characters per line × lines) four colors, two foreground colors and two background colors
graphical: maximal 512×212 pixels (16 colors of 512) and 256×212 (256 colors)
colors: 512 maximal
Engine
MSX-Engine: S-1985
real-time clock with trickle-charged battery backup
sound
 Yamaha YM2149 PSG
 3 sound channels and one noise channel
 8 octaves
Interfaces
power cord
RF-output
CVBS monitor
luminance output
monochrome switch
headset sound output
data-recorder I/O (1200/2400 baud)
1 general purpose expansion connector
printer
keyboard
2 joysticks
2 cartridge slots

References 

Sony hardware
MSX2 microcomputer
Bruce Bilby. Bruce Alexander Bilby FRS (3 September 1922 – 20 November 2013) was a British mechanical engineer, and an Emeritus Professor at the University of Sheffield.

Life
He was a graduate of Dover Grammar School for Boys.

He once taught at University of Birmingham and was the Professor of the Theory of Materials at the University of Sheffield from 1966 to 1984.
He was a colleague of Alan Cottrell.

He died aged 91 on 20 November 2013.

See also
Cottrell atmosphere
Flow plasticity theory

References

People educated at Dover Grammar School for Boys
Academics of the University of Birmingham
Academics of the University of Sheffield
British mechanical engineers
Fellows of the Royal Society
1922 births
2013 deaths