omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Reuben Lindsay Walker. Reuben Lindsay Walker (May 29, 1827 – June 7, 1890) was a Confederate general who served in the artillery during the American Civil War.

Early life
Walker was born in Logan Village, Albemarle County, Virginia. He graduated from the Virginia Military Institute (VMI) in 1845. He then became a civil engineer, and later, a farmer in Virginia.

Civil War
When the Civil War began, Walker took command of the Purcell Artillery unit. After seeing action at the First Battle of Bull Run (First Manassas), Walker became the chief of artillery to General A.P. Hill. Lindsay Walker, as he was known, amassed a lengthy combat record, serving in every one of the Army of Northern Virginia's major battles except the Seven Days Battles (he was ill at the time). He commanded artillery of Hill's Light Division during the Battle of Harpers Ferry and the Battle of Antietam in the Maryland Campaign. When Powell Hill was promoted to corps command, Walker became the head of the Third Corps artillery. He commanded the corps' reserve artillery in the Battle of Gettysburg, directly commanding the battalions of Majs. David G. McIntosh and William J. Pegram. He had direct command of all the corps' artillery battalions thereafter, including in the Overland Campaign and the Siege of Petersburg. In all, Walker served in 63 battles and engagements and was never once wounded, despite being a large target at 6'4" tall and despite often serving in very hot fighting. Walker was promoted to brigadier general on February 18, 1865.

Postbellum career
After the war, Walker moved to Selma, Alabama, where he headed the Marine & Selma Railroad. He returned to Virginia in 1876 and became an engineer for the Richmond and Alleghany Railroad. As a civil engineer, Walker oversaw the construction of an addition to the Virginia State Penitentiary and the Texas State Capitol building.

Death
Walker died in Fluvanna County, Virginia, and was buried in Richmond's famous Hollywood Cemetery.

See also

List of American Civil War generals (Confederate)

Notes

References

 Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher, Civil War High Commands. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. .
 Sifakis, Stewart. Who Was Who in the Civil War. New York: Facts On File, 1988. .
 Warner, Ezra J. Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1959. .

1827 births
1890 deaths
Confederate States Army brigadier generals
People of Virginia in the American Civil War
Virginia Military Institute alumni
Burials at Hollywood Cemetery (Richmond, Virginia)
People from Logan, West Virginia
American civil engineers
Engineers from West Virginia
People of West Virginia in the American Civil War
Military personnel from West Virginia
Lake Engure. Lake Engure is a lake in the western part of Latvia, in the Talsi District. It is the third largest lake in the country after Lake Lubāns and Lake Rāzna.

Lake Engure is an ancient sea lagoon, divided from the sea by a 1.5 - 2.5 km wide sand bar with dunes. Its outflow is the artificial Mersraga channel, dug in 1842. It is eutrophic, mostly overgrown with reeds, and contains 16 species of fish.

The whole lake and its vicinity have been included in the Lake Engure Nature Park  since 1999, although the first natural reserve was established here in 1957. It contains a floating base for ornithologists. The lake was included in Ramsar list of wetlands of international importance in 1995.

References

External links
  Nature Conservation Plan for Nature Park "Lake Engure"
  www.ezeri.lv database

Engure
Ramsar sites in Latvia
Important Bird Areas of Latvia
Thomas McCall (inventor). Thomas McCall (1834–1904) was a Scottish cartwright.

Biography 

McCall was born in Penpont, he came to Kilmarnock at age 20, where he lived until his death (obituary 1904).

He built, in 1869, two versions of a two-wheeled velocipede with levers and rods tossing a crank on the rear wheel (English Mechanic 5/14/1869 and 6/11/1869). This was a reaction to the French velocipedes, of the mid-1860s, with their front-wheel pedal cranks. In fact, this rear-wheel idea occupied seven more inventors in that year (Lessing 1991).

When in the 1880s a rich corn-trader named James Johnston started a campaign to attribute the "first true" bicycle to his uncle Kirkpatrick MacMillan and his native country of Dumfries in general, he attributed the McCall designs to MacMillan and dated them as of 1839. Skeptics allege that the reason McCall built a replica of his machines to be exhibited as MacMillan's at the 1896 Stanley Show, at the behest of Johnston, can only be a need of money (Clayton 1987). That alleged replica is now at Dumfries Observatory.

See also
History of the bicycle
Treadle bicycle

Further reading

N. Clayton: The First Bicycle, in: The Boneshaker #113,  spring 1987, pp. 25–29

H. E. Lessing: Around Michaux - myths and realities, in: Proc. of the 2nd ICHC, Saint Étienne 1991, pp. 21–29

Obituary in Kilmarnock Standard, April 9, 1904

Scottish inventors
1834 births
1904 deaths
People from Dumfries and Galloway
Sustainable_transport_pioneers
Peraluminous rock. Peraluminous rocks are igneous rocks that have a molecular proportion of aluminium oxide higher than the combination of sodium oxide, potassium oxide and calcium oxide. This contrasts with peralkaline in which the alkalis are higher, metaluminous where aluminium oxide concentration is lower than the combination, but above the alkalis, and subaluminous in which aluminia concentration is lower than the combination. Examples of peraluminous minerals include biotite, muscovite, cordierite, andalusite and garnet.

Peraluminous corresponds to the aluminum saturation index values greater than 1.

Peraluminous magmas can form S-type granitoids and have been linked to collisional orogenies and to the formation of tin, tungsten and silver deposits such as those in the Bolivian tin belt.

References

Igneous rocks
Metallogeny. Metallogeny is the study of the genesis and regional-to-global distribution of mineral deposits, with emphasis on their relationship in space and time to regional petrologic and tectonic features of the Earth's crust.
The term metallogeny (métallogénie) was created by Louis de Launay, a professor at the Ecole des Mines de Paris, in his 1913 book.

References
 De Launay, Louis, 1913, Traité de métallogénie : gîtes minéraux et métallifères : gisements, recherche, production et commerce des minéraux utiles et minerais, description des principales mines (3 volumes), Paris, C. Béranger, 1913 lire en ligne à partir du premier volume [archive]
 Guilbert, John M., and Charles F. Park Jr., 1986, Geology of Ore Deposits, Chapter 21, Freeman, 
 Jébrak, Michel, and Marcoux, Éric, 2014, Geology of Mineral Resources. Geological Society of Canada WorldCat
Pohl W.L. (2020) Economic Geology, Principles and Practice: Metals, Minerals, Coal and Hydrocarbons – an Introduction to Formation and Sustainable Exploitation of Mineral Deposits. 2nd ed. 755 pp. 32 Colour Plates, 305 Figures, 32 Tables, 25 Boxes,  81 Equations. Schweizerbart Science Publishers, Stuttgart.         www.schweizerbart.de/9783510654352 (Soft Cover)

Economic geology
Compression (geology). In geology, the term compression refers to a set of stresses directed toward the center of a rock mass. Compressive strength refers to the maximum amount of compressive stress that can be applied to a material before failure occurs. When the maximum compressive stress is in a horizontal orientation, thrust faulting can occur, resulting in the shortening and thickening of that portion of the crust. When the maximum compressive stress is vertical, a section of rock will often fail in normal faults, horizontally extending and vertically thinning a given layer of rock. Compressive stresses can also result in folding of rocks. Because of the large magnitudes of lithostatic stress in tectonic plates, tectonic-scale deformation is always subjected to net compressive stress.

Compressive stresses can result in a number of different features at varying scales, most notably including Folds, and Thrust faults.

See also
Gravitational compression

References 

Structural geology
Solid mechanics
Ranzhir. Ranzhir (, GRAU designation 9S737 (); ) is a Soviet/Russian mobile command center for several types of Russian anti-aircraft weapons, such as Tor, Tunguska, Strela-10, Igla and Osa.

It is used for a mixed grouping of air defense forces.

Development 
9S737 vehicle was designed by Belarusian scientific and research institute of automatization technologies (NIISA), currently "AGAT–Control Systems". A. V. Shershnev was appointed chief designer of 9S737 vehicle.

State trials of the system were held from August 1987 till June 1988 at Embi testing range (nowadays at Kazakhstan). In 1989 it was approved for military.

Mass production was started at Minsk NPO Agat, but later transferred to Radiozavod (Penza)

Modifications 
 9S737М Ranzhir-M ()

See also 
 PPRU-1

References

External links 
  Ranzhir-M at pvo.guns.ru (Vestnik PVO) website

Self-propelled anti-aircraft weapons
Self-propelled anti-aircraft weapons of the Soviet Union
Military vehicles introduced in the 1980s
UWA Telerobot. The UWA telerobot is a teleoperable robot belonging to the school of mechanical and civil engineering at the University of Western Australia.

Development
The UWA telerobot is a historic landmark for the Internet and The University of Western Australia. It was the first telerobot device made available for general use on the Internet in 1994.  The UWA telerobot was originally developed as part of a PhD thesis by Kenneth Taylor and was the subject of a later PhD by Barney Dalton.

The first robot on the Internet, a plastic toy robot with only 2 degrees of freedom, was placed online by a team under Ken Goldberg at the University of Southern California only three weeks before the UWA team released their website. The USC robot only lasted for seven months. The UWA robot is still online today, although the original robot was replaced in 1996 and the robot is no longer available for unrestricted public access, though interested parties can request permission.

Implementation
The current UWA telerobot is an ABB IRB1400 model 6 DOF serial chain robot fitted with a pneumatic gripper attachment. The robot runs on a standard ABB  S4 Robot Controller linked to a Linux server and which in turn communicates with a second server running ABB's RobComm software and a National Instruments Labview application that was custom written for the task by James Trevelyan with assistance from Perth-based Icon Technologies and students. The robot forms part of the UWA telelabs project.

The Telerobot has undergone many changes to its control structure over time. Originally controlled via static HTML web pages using CGI, work by Dalton saw the introduction of an augmented reality Java-based interface that met with limited success. Control is currently by way of a downloadable LabVIEW client application that incorporates real-time video streaming, with access control provided by the Telelabs system.

Current status
The robot continues to be the basis for research and group projects undertaken by Mechatronics Engineering students and staff at UWA, Primarily involving the addition of new features or capabilities to the system. The robot is also used as a teaching aid for a course in mechanisms and multibody systems run by Karol Miller.

Notes and references

External links
 Telerobot Research at UWA
 Telerobot Aiming Display and Reliability Project
 Telerobot Foam Milling Project
 Telerobot Images 
 Icon Technologies

Industrial robots
Historical robots
Telepresence robots
1994 robots
Robots of Australia
P class. P class or Class P may refer to:

Computing 
 P (complexity), a computational complexity class

Rail transport 
 Two classes of steam locomotives used by the New Zealand Railways Department: 
NZR P class (1876), of 1876
NZR P class (1885), of 1885
 WAGR P Class, a 1924 express steam-locomotive of the Western Australian Government Railways
V/Line P class,  a type of diesel electric locomotive, in service with V/Line and Pacific National in Australia
 SECR P class, a class of locomotives of the South Eastern and Chatham Railway in the UK
DSB class P, a class of steam locomotives of the Danish State Railways
NER Class P, a class of steam locomotives of the North Eastern Railway
 Palestine Railways P class
 P-class Melbourne tram
 P-class Sydney tram

Ships and yachts
 P-class cruiser, a class of 12 heavy cruisers planned for construction by the Kriegsmarine during the late 1930s, but cancelled before any could be built
 Pelorus-class cruiser, a class of 11 protected cruisers operated by the Royal Navy and Royal Australian Navy from the 1890s to the 1920s
 P-class destroyer, a class of 8 Royal Navy destroyers built during World War II
 P-class sloop, operated by the British navy during World War I
 P-class submarine (disambiguation), a number of submarine classes
 P-class sailing dinghy, a New Zealand sailing dinghy design first created in the 1920s, popularly used for sail training
 P-class yacht (Universal Rule), a development class for America's Cup racing yachts under the Universal Rule
Birbhum Institute of Engineering & Technology. Birbhum Institute of Engineering and Technology or BIET is a West Bengal government-aided engineering college in West Bengal, India. It offers different undergraduate and postgraduate courses in Engineering. It was established in 1999 by an NGO named ICARE under the guidance of educationist Padmashri Late Ramaranjan Mukherji, Ex-President of India and then Finance Minister Shri Pranab Mukherjee and Lok Sabha Speaker Shri Somnath Chatterjee.

The college is affiliated wit Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology and all the relevant programmes are approved by the All India Council for Technical Education and National Board of Accreditation (NBA) for Mechanical Engineering department. The college receives grant from the World Bank under Technical Education Quality Improvement Programme (TEQIP-II), Government of West Bengal, WBMPLAD scheme, Birbhum Zilla Parishad and WBSEDCL.

The campus is located at Suri, Birbhum.

Academics
The institute offers six undergraduate courses:-

B.Tech in Electronics and Communication Engineering (ECE)- 4 years [Approved intake - 60]
B.Tech in Electrical Engineering (EE)- 4 years [Approved intake - 60]
B.Tech in Mechanical Engineering (ME)- 4 years [Approved intake - 120]
B.Tech in Computer Science and Engineering (CSE)- 4 years [Approved intake - 60]
B.Tech in Civil Engineering (CE)- 4 years [Approved intake - 120]

The institute offers two post-graduate courses:

 M.Tech. in Manufacturing technology- 2 years [Approved intake - 18]
 M.Tech. in Heat power engineering- 2 years [Approved intake - 18]

See also

References

External links 
 Birbhum Institute of Engineering & Technology

Colleges affiliated to West Bengal University of Technology
Engineering colleges in West Bengal
Universities and colleges in Birbhum district
1999 establishments in West Bengal
Educational institutions established in 1999
Robotech: The New Generation. Robotech: The New Generation is a mobile video game developed by Big Blue Bubble and released by Airborne Entertainment for mobile phones.

Overview 
Robotech: The New Generation is a top down scrolling shooter. The gameplay covers the story segment of the Third Robotech War in the 1985 animated series over 20 levels, five environments and three playable Veritech Alpha Fighters.

The game received an editor's award from Wireless Gaming World. It was first available from AT&T Cingular on May 7, 2007 and Verizon Wireless in October 2007.

References

External links 
 Robotech: The New Generation   official website
 IGN: Robotech: The New Generation   mobile game review on CBS Games

2007 video games
Big Blue Bubble games
Mobile games
New Generation, The
Scrolling shooters
Single-player video games
Video games developed in Canada
Type-I superconductor. The interior of a bulk superconductor cannot be penetrated by a weak magnetic field, a phenomenon known as the Meissner effect. When the applied magnetic field becomes too large, superconductivity breaks down. Superconductors can be divided into two types according to how this breakdown occurs. In type-I superconductors, superconductivity is abruptly destroyed via a first order phase transition when the strength of the applied field rises above a critical value Hc. This type of superconductivity is normally exhibited by pure metals, e.g. aluminium, lead, and mercury. The only alloys known up to now which exhibit type I superconductivity are tantalum silicide (TaSi2). and BeAu 
The covalent superconductor SiC:B, silicon carbide heavily doped with boron, is also type-I.

Depending on the demagnetization factor, one may obtain an intermediate state. This state, first described by Lev Landau, is a phase separation into macroscopic non-superconducting and superconducting domains forming a Husimi Q representation.

This behavior is different from type-II superconductors which exhibit two critical magnetic fields. The first, lower critical field occurs when magnetic flux vortices penetrate the material but the material remains superconducting outside of these microscopic vortices. When the vortex density becomes too large, the entire material becomes non-superconducting; this corresponds to the second, higher critical field.

The ratio of the London penetration depth λ to the superconducting coherence length ξ determines whether a superconductor is type-I or type-II. Type-I superconductors are those with , and type-II superconductors are those with .

References

Superconductivity
Magnetism
Orbital Debris Co-ordination Working Group. The Orbital Debris Co-ordination Working Group (ODCWG) is one of the working groups of the International Organization for Standardization's Technical Committee 20/Subcommittee 14 TC20/SC14 "Spacecraft Systems and Operations".

History 
The Orbital Debris Co-ordination Working Group was formed by unanimous agreement at the May 2003 Plenary meeting of TC20/SC14.

Description 
The ODCWG recognizes that the mitigation of orbital space debris is an international concern, thus international, comprehensive and cohesive standards (namely ISO TC20/SC14) must be adopted to address the issue.

Currently six standards projects are in development, and a further seven project proposals are being prepared. The first debris mitigation standards were expected in 2008, with more International Standards, technical specifications or technical reports expected to be published through to 2011–2012.

See also
Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee

References

External links
The ODCWG's public folder on the ISO website.

International Organization for Standardization
Space debris
Space organizations
Military Machines International. Military Machines International was a military magazine published monthly in the United Kingdom by the Business of Model Activity Press Ltd and then by Key Publishing Ltd. It existed between 2001 and 2014.

History and profile
Military Machines International was first published in May 2001 (cover dated June 2001). In the same month another magazine Classic Military Vehicle also appeared. This was just after the long-running quarterly Wheels & Tracks ceased publication, thereby leaving a gap in the market. Since the first issue the editor of Military Machines International was Ian Young.

It featured articles and photographs on military vehicles, armoured and soft-skin, both past and present, from all around the world.

In March 2011, the Business of Model Activity Press Limited was acquired by Key Publishing Ltd, who publish the magazine under their name from the May 2011 issue onward. The final issue of Military Machines International came in November 2014, thereafter the magazine merged with Classic Military Vehicle.

References

Monthly magazines published in the United Kingdom
Defunct magazines published in the United Kingdom
Magazines established in 2001
Magazines disestablished in 2014
Military magazines published in the United Kingdom
Catcott, Edington and Chilton Moors. Catcott, Edington and Chilton Moors SSSI is a 1083 hectare biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Somerset, England notified in 1967. It is close to the villages of Edington and Catcott.

It is part of the Brue Valley Living Landscape conservation project. The project commenced in January 2009 and aims to restore, recreate and reconnect habitat. It aims to ensure that wildlife is enhanced and capable of sustaining itself in the face of climate change while guaranteeing farmers and other landowners can continue to use their land profitably. It is one of an increasing number of landscape scale conservation projects in the UK.

The site consists of low-lying land south of the River Brue, which floods on a regular basis; land north of here is included in the Tealham and Tadham Moors SSSI. The site is managed by Somerset Wildlife Trust and includes the Catcott Lows National Nature Reserve, Catcott Heath and Catcott North.

A variety of fauna are found due to the varied soil types and management practices. Unimproved swards include meadows dominated by meadow thistle (Cirsium dissectum), meadow rue (Thalictrum flavum) and similar species, and southern marsh-orchid (Dactylorhiza praetermissa). In the wetter areas rushes and marsh marigold (Caltha palustris) are found. Catcott Heath is noted for its rare vascular plants including marsh pea (Lathyrus palustris), milk-parsley (Peucedanum palustre) and marsh fern (Thelypteris palustris). A total of 127 aquatic and bankside vascular plant species have been recorded in the field ditches, internal drainage board maintained rhynes and deep arterial watercourses.

The botanically rich water channels support a diverse invertebrate fauna including water beetles Haliplus mucronatus and Hydrophilus piceus. The rare soldier fly, the flecked general (Stratiomys singularior), is found and there are good numbers of dragonflies and damselflies.

The range of plants and invertebrates support many bird species including golden plover (Pluvialis apricaria), lapwing (Vanellus vanellus), snipe (Gallinago gallinago) and dunlin (Calidris alpina). Other vertebrate species present, include the otter (Lutra lutra), grass snake (Natrix natrix) and common frog (Rana temporaria).

References

Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Somerset
Sites of Special Scientific Interest notified in 1967
Nature reserves in Somerset
Somerset Levels
Wetland Sites of Special Scientific Interest
List of National Institutes of Technology alumni. The National Institutes of Technology (NITs) are a group of engineering colleges in India comprising thirty-one autonomous institution located in one each major state/territory of India.

List of National Institute of Technology Puducherry alumni
 List of Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad alumni
List of National Institute of Technology Raipur alumni
 List of Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal alumni
 List of National Institute of Technology Calicut alumni
 List of National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur alumni
 List of National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur alumni
 List of National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra alumni
 List of Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology alumni
 List of National Institute of Technology, Patna alumni
 List of National Institute of Technology Rourkela alumni
 List of National Institute of Technology, Srinagar alumni
 List of Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat alumni
 List of National Institute of Technology Karnataka alumni
 List of National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli alumni
 List of National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli alumni
 List of National Institute of Technology, Warangal alumni

NIT alumni