omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Barium fluoride. Barium fluoride is an inorganic compound with the formula . It is a colorless solid that occurs in nature as the rare mineral frankdicksonite. Under standard conditions it adopts the fluorite structure and at high pressure the  structure. Like , it is resilient to and insoluble in water.

Above ca. 500 °C,  is corroded by moisture, but in dry environments it can be used up to 800 °C. Prolonged exposure to moisture degrades transmission in the vacuum UV range. It is less resistant to water than calcium fluoride, but it is the most resistant of all the optical fluorides to high-energy radiation, though its far ultraviolet transmittance is lower than that of the other fluorides. It is quite hard, very sensitive to thermal shock and fractures quite easily.

Optical properties
Barium fluoride is transparent from the ultraviolet to the infrared, from 150 to 200 nm to 11–11.5 μm. It is used in windows for infrared spectroscopy, in particular in the field of fuel oil analysis. Its transmittance at 200 nm is relatively low (0.60), but at 500 nm it goes up to 0.96–0.97 and stays at that level until 9 μm, then it starts falling off (0.85 for 10 μm and 0.42 for 12 μm). The refractive index is about 1.46 from 700 nm to 5 μm.

Barium fluoride is also a common, very fast (one of the fastest) scintillators for the detection of X-rays, gamma rays or other high energy particles. One of its applications is the detection of 511 keV gamma photons in positron emission tomography. It responds also to alpha and beta particles, but, unlike most scintillators, it does not emit ultraviolet light. It can be also used for detection of high-energy (10–150 MeV) neutrons, using pulse shape discrimination techniques to separate them from simultaneously occurring gamma photons.

Barium fluoride is used as a preopacifying agent and in enamel and glazing frits production. Its other use is in the production of welding agents (an additive to some fluxes, a component of coatings for welding rods and in welding powders). It is also used in metallurgy, as a molten bath for refining aluminium.

Gas phase structure
In the vapor phase the  molecule is non-linear with an F-Ba-F angle of approximately 108°. Its nonlinearity violates VSEPR theory. Ab initio calculations indicate that contributions from d orbitals in the shell below the valence shell are responsible. Another proposal is that polarisation of the electron core of the barium atom creates an approximately tetrahedral distribution of charge that interacts with the Ba-F bonds.

References

Cited sources

External links
MSDS at Oxford University 

Barium compounds
Fluorides
Optical materials
Phosphors and scintillators
Crystals
Alkaline earth metal halides
Fluorite crystal structure
Enterprise Volume Management System. Enterprise Volume Management System (EVMS) was a flexible, integrated volume management software used to manage storage systems under Linux.

Its features include:
 Handle EVMS, Linux LVM and LVM2 volumes
 Handle many kinds of disk partitioning schemes
 Handle many different file systems (Ext2, Ext3, FAT, JFS, NTFS, OCFS2, OpenGFS, ReiserFS, Swap, XFS etc.)
 Multi-disk (MD) management
 Software RAID: level 0, 1, 4 and 5 (no support for level 6 and 10)
 Drive linking (device concatenation)
 Multipath I/O support
 Manage shared cluster storage
 Expand and shrink volumes and file systems online or offline (depending on the file system's capabilities)
 Snapshots (frozen images of volumes), optionally writable
 Conversion between different volume types
 Move partitions
 Make, check and repair file systems
 Bad block relocation
 Three types of user interface: GUI, text mode interface and CLI
 Backup and restore the EVMS metadata

EVMS is licensed under the GNU General Public License version 2 or later. EVMS is supported now in some Linux distributions, among others it is now (2008) SUSE, Debian and Gentoo

LVM vs EVMS 
For a while, both LVM and EVMS were competing for inclusion in the mainline kernel. EVMS had more features and better userland tools, but the internals of LVM were more attractive to kernel developers, so in the end LVM won the battle for inclusion. In response, the EVMS team decided to concentrate on porting the EVMS userland tools to work with the LVM kernelspace.

Sometime after the release of version 2.5.5 on February 26, 2006, IBM discontinued development of the project. There have been no further releases. In 2008 Novell announced that the company would be moving from EVMS to LVM in future editions of their SUSE products, while continuing to fully support customers using EVMS.

References

External links

 

Free software programmed in C
Free system software
Volume manager
Linux file system-related software
Delta Faucet Company. Delta Faucet Company is an American manufacturer of plumbing fixtures and plumbing materials. It is a subsidiary of Masco Corporation. It manufactures and markets faucets, kitchen sinks, bath/shower fixtures, and toilets under the Delta, Kraus, Peerless, and Brizo brand names.

History 
Delta Faucet Company is a division owned by Masco, which was founded in Detroit in 1929 by Armenian immigrant Alex Manoogian. In 1952, an eager inventor brought Manoogian his latest invention, a one-handled faucet that mixed both hot and cold water with a ball-valve.  Unfortunately it leaked, but Manoogian was intrigued by the idea of utilizing hot and cold water with a single lever He therefore bought the faucet and its rights, improved it, and released it. The faucet remains successful, although other companies soon designed other single-handle faucets that didn't infringe Delta's patents.

In 1958, the company opened a manufacturing facility in Greensburg, Indiana.  In 1976, another facility in Chickasha, Oklahoma was opened (The Chickasha facility closed in 2006), followed by Jackson, Tennessee in 1995.  The company also operates manufacturing facilities in Lapeer, Michigan, Morgantown, Kentucky, and one outside the United States in Panyu, China.  Delta Faucet Company is headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana.

In 2011, Delta introduced the Touch2O and Touch2O.xt series of kitchen and bathroom faucets, the former with touch sensors and the latter designed for hands-free operation with capacitive sensors.

In 2017, Delta started manufacturing its first kitchen sinks.

In 2019, Delta introduced the VoiceIQ kitchen faucet, which can respond to voice commands via Amazon Alexa or Google Assistant. All Touch2O kitchen faucets manufactured since 2018 can be retrofitted with the VoiceIQ module to add VoiceIQ functionality to existing Touch2O faucets. Competitors include the U by Moen and the Kohler Sensate with Konnect smart kitchen faucets.

In 2020, Delta acquired the Kraus brand of plumbing fixtures, founded in 2007.

Primary competitors
 American Standard Brands
 Kohler Co.
 Moen Incorporated
 Pfister (firm)

See also 

 Plumbing

References

Building materials companies of the United States
Manufacturing companies based in Indianapolis
Plumbing materials companies
Tour Légende. Tour EDF is an office skyscraper located in La Défense, the high-rise business district west of Paris, France.

The tower was built for Électricité de France (EDF), France's main electricity company, and hosts the company's offices. Tour EDF is 165 m (541 ft) tall. The skyscraper's ground shape is elliptical, with a maximum length of 70 m (230 ft) and a maximum width of 32 m (105 ft).

Description

Tour EDF's most striking characteristic consists in the extrusion of a conic section of the tower on its northern edge. The resulting conic hole extends from the ground floor to the 26th floor and serves as the main entrance to the tower, an entrance built under a wide circular canopy 24 m (79 ft) in diameter. As a consequence, the length of the tower is slightly less at its base than at its top.

The cladding of the tower alternates horizontal stripes of plain steel and tinted windows.

See also 
 71 South Wacker - a similar building designed by the same firm in Chicago, formerly known as the Hyatt Center
 List of tallest structures in Paris

External links 
  (Emporis)
 Tour EDF (Insecula)

Skyscraper office buildings in La Défense
Buildings and structures completed in 2001
Électricité de France
21st-century architecture in France
Hot Metal Bridge. The Hot Metal Bridge is a truss bridge in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, that crosses the Monongahela River. The bridge consists of two parallel spans on a single set of piers: the former Monongahela Connecting Railroad Bridge, built in 1887, on the upstream side and the former Hot Metal Bridge, built in 1900, on the downstream side. The Monongahela Connecting Railroad Bridge carried conventional railroad traffic, while the Hot Metal Bridge connected parts of the J&L Steel mill, carrying crucibles of molten iron from the blast furnaces in ladle transfer cars to the open hearth furnaces on the opposite bank to be converted to steel. During World War II 15% of America's steel making capacity crossed over the Hot Metal Bridge, up to 180 tons per hour. The upstream span was converted to road use after a $14.6 million restoration, and opened by Mayor Tom Murphy with a ceremony honoring former steel workers on June 23, 2000.  The bridge connects 2nd Avenue at the Pittsburgh Technology Center in South Oakland with Hot Metal Street (South 29th Street) in the South Side. The downstream span reopened for pedestrian and bicycle use in late 2007 after two years of work. The Great Allegheny Passage hiker/biker trail passes over this bridge as it approaches  Pittsburgh's Golden Triangle area.

The Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation was responsible for managing the decorative lighting project for the bridge, which was lit with energy-efficient light-emitting diode (LED) and optical fiber technology on June 12, 2008.

The Hot Metal Bridge was inducted into the North America Railway Hall of Fame in 2016.

Popular culture
The Hot Metal Bridge is the namesake of the defunct Hot Metal Grille at the nearby SouthSide Works shopping center.

The bridge was in several scenes of the 2011 film Warrior starring Jennifer Morrison and Nick Nolte.

See also
List of bridges documented by the Historic American Engineering Record in Pennsylvania
List of crossings of the Monongahela River
Pittsburgh bridges
Great Allegheny Passage
Pig iron

References

External links

Hot Metal Bridge at pghbridges.com
Pittsburgh Post-Gazette - Official reopening of the bridge after the conversion
Pittsburgh Post-Gazette - Article on conversion of bridge to pedestrian and bicycle use
Pittsburgh Post-Gazette - High bids threaten the conversion project
Pittsburgh Post-Gazette - Groundbreaking on the new project

Bridges in Pittsburgh
Bridges over the Monongahela River
Bridges completed in 1887
Bridges completed in 1900
Historic American Engineering Record in Pennsylvania
Pittsburgh History & Landmarks Foundation Historic Landmarks
Road bridges in Pennsylvania
Railroad bridges in Pennsylvania
Pedestrian bridges in Pennsylvania
Truss bridges in the United States
Metal bridges in the United States
1887 establishments in Pennsylvania
MPACT 2. Mpact-2 is a 125 MHz vector-processing graphics, audio and video media processor, a second generation in the Mpact family of Chromatic Research media processors, which can be used only as a co-processor to the main central processing unit (CPU) of a microcomputer.

Hardware using the Mpact-2 uses OEM firmware to provide plug-and-play facility, and may be used with either a PCI or AGP bus.

UAD-1 DSP cards
The UAD-1 was a digital signal processor (DSP) card sold by Universal Audio using the Mpact-2 developed by Chromatic (acquired by ATI Technologies in November 1998), using the DSP, rather than the host computer's CPU, to process audio plug-ins. This allows accurate, but processor-intensive, reverbs, EQs, compressors and limiters to be handled in real time and without burdening the CPU.  3D functionality is hard-wired. The UAD-1 was superseded by the UAD-2, based on the Analog Devices 21369 and 21469 DSPs, in 2009.

UAD-1 hardware was produced with three interfaces:  PCI (UAD-1), PCI Express (UAD-1e), and ExpressCard (UAD-Xpander). The cards were offered by Chromatic Research (formerly named Xenon Microsystems), and were part of the Chromatic Mpact 2 Video Adapter.

References 

Yao, Yang (18 November 1996). "Chromatic's Mpact 2 Boosts 3D". Microprocessor Report, pp. 1, 6–10.

Digital signal processors
Certificate of Advanced Study. A Certificate of Advanced Study (CAS), also called an Advanced Certificate (AC), Certificate of Advanced Graduate Study (CAGS), or a Certificate of Advanced Professional Studies (CAPS), is a post-Master's academic certificate designed for professional and non traditional students, as well as practitioners who seek a continuing education program to enhance their professional development in fields such as liberal arts, education, library science, software engineering, area studies, data science, public policy, and management.

Examples 
Liberal Arts certificates of advanced graduate study are offered by some institutions that offer master's degrees in interdisciplinary liberal arts. These certificate programs are designed to hone critical thinking skills and personal knowledge of a chosen field, in addition to encouraging professional development. They typically require 30 hours of graduate study beyond the master's degree.

For some disciplines, this certificate requires a three-year post-bachelor's program equivalent to a Specialist degree. For example, School Psychologists must earn an MA/AC or CAS (Master's degree plus Advanced Certification) or Ed.S degree in order to practice in a school setting or be eligible for national certification. These are all Specialist-level degrees due to a required 1200-hour internship experience and 60+ hours of graduate study.

Library and information science CAS programs are intended to allow students to closely focus on a particular sub-area of library and information science after earning a master's degree in the discipline. Some students advance directly to the CAS after finishing their master's degree, others return for a CAS after working in the field. The certificate generally takes one to two years to complete, including a culminating cumulative exam or extensive project. Such programs are offered by many, but not all, of the U.S. institutions of higher education that issue American Library Association-accredited master's degrees.

At the University of Lausanne and EPFL, a Certificate of Advanced Studies is awarded upon completion of a programme comprising at least 120 contact hours (resulting in between 10 and 29 ECTS credits), a written examination and, in certain cases, a dissertation.

Some CAGS are connected to an existing doctoral program such as PhD in Organizational Leadership: for example, PhD students receive a CAGS in Leadership Studies after completing their 2 years of doctoral study at Eastern University.

See also 
 Graduate certificate

References

Academic degrees of the United States
Joint Replacement Aircraft. The Joint Replacement Aircraft (JRA) was a program initiated by the US Defense Department project to build a common utility aircraft that would replace the UH-1N Twin Huey and AH-1 SuperCobra in service with the United States Marine Corps.

In August 1995, the Secretary of the Navy authorized the Marine Corps to upgrade its utility and attack helicopters as a bridge until the Joint Replacement Aircraft was available in 2020. The Marine Corps hoped to replace the UH-1N and AH-1W with the JRA by 2015, and a number of designs for the JRA were explored, including a tiltrotor.

References

External links
GlobalSecurity.org

Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United States
United States military helicopters
Military aircraft procurement programs of the United States
OPAL (software). The Open Physics Abstraction Layer (OPAL) is an open source realtime physics engine API similar to PAL. It is currently supported only by ODE, but can be extended to run off of other engines. OPAL is free software, released under both the LGPL and the BSD license. It was originally designed and written by Tyler Streeter, Andres Reinot, and Alan Fischer while working at Iowa State University's Virtual Reality Applications Center (VRAC).

OPAL is a high-level interface for low-level physics engines used in games, robotics simulations, and other 3D applications. Features a simple C++ API, intuitive objects (e.g. Solids, Joints, Motors, Sensors), and XML-based file storage for complex objects.

The latest version of OPAL is 0.4.0. On June 23, 2010, OPAL development officially ended.

References

External links
The official OPAL site

2004 software
Computer physics engines
UDig. uDig is a GIS software program produced by a community led by Canadian-based consulting company Refractions Research.

uDig is based on the Eclipse platform and features full layered Open Source GIS. It is written in Java and released under EPL and BSD licences (formerly under GNU LGPL).

The Software has a walkthrough in Flash and also quick start directions for those who wish to complete a full version build to write plug-ins or contribute to the main build.

uDig can use GRASS for complex vector operations and also embeds JGRASS and specialized hydrology tools from the Horton Machine. It supports shapefiles, PostGIS, WMS, and many other data sources natively.

uDig is commonly used as a framework for building other GIS platforms and applications. Such applications include DIVA-GIS and DEWS – Distant Early Warning System for tsunamis.

External links
 uDig homepage
 uDig release page
Refractions Research homepage

Free GIS software
Free software programmed in Java (programming language)

References
EVC. EVC may refer to:

 Eastern Valley Conference, a defunct American high school athletics conference
 Ecological vegetation class
 Economic value to the customer
 Eden Village Camp, a Jewish summer camp in New York state
 Electric Vehicle Company
 Ellis–van Creveld syndrome
 Emily VanCamp, a Canadian actress
 Enchanted Valley Carnival, an Indian music festival
 Entravision Communications, an American media company
 Essential Video Coding, video coding standard
 Ethernet virtual connection
 European Video Corporation
 European Vital Computer, in the European Train Control System
 EVC (gene)
 Evergreen Valley College
 Everybody Votes Channel, a channel for the Nintendo Wii
 VESA Enhanced Video Connector
Cybertron Mission. Cybertron Mission is a multidirectional shooter released by Micro Power in 1983 for the BBC Micro and Acorn Electron and ported to the Commodore 64 in the same year. The game is heavily influenced by the 1982 Atari 8-bit game Shamus, which was itself inspired by the 1980 arcade video game Berzerk.

Gameplay
The player controls a man who has penetrated the electrified Cybertron Fortress, in order to retrieve the priceless treasures within: golden keys, rings and bars.

The player character has 8-directional movement, and may shoot in the direction he is facing. The objective of each level was to find all the listed treasure, and then touch the safe, located at a random position on the level. The amount of treasure required increased by one item every level, up to the maximum of six. Cybertron Mission had four maze-like levels, repeating the series every four levels, with palette shifts in order to make them appear different.

There are four enemy types. Spinners (appearing on all levels) move blindly towards the player, but cannot harm him even when touching, unless he walks into them. Clones (appearing from level 2 onwards) move pseudo-randomly, and shoot in the direction they were moving/facing. Cyberdroids (appearing from level 3 onwards) move in straight lines for a period. They change direction when they hit a wall, see the player, or after a certain period of time. They will fire towards the player. The fourth enemy type is Spook, the ghost of a previous entrant to the fortress. He appears if you spend too long on any one screen, moving towards you and ignoring walls. He cannot be destroyed, but may be paralysed if shot. Touching the electrified walls of the maze kills the player.

Cybertron Mission does not end, each level simply brings a greater number of enemies to fight, which fire more frequently and with greater accuracy.

Reception
Electron User (#1.07, April 1984) concluded, "It's exciting with plenty of variety, excellent graphics and interesting sound effects. You'll be a-mazed. And if you are anything like me, you won't be able to put your Electron down. A winner."

References

External links
Origin of the packaging artwork

1984 video games
BBC Micro and Acorn Electron games
Commodore 64 games
Maze games
Micro Power games
Multidirectional shooters
Single-player video games
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Digital comparator. A digital comparator or magnitude comparator is a hardware electronic device that takes two numbers as input in binary form and determines whether one  number is greater than, less than or equal to the other number. Comparators are used in central processing units (CPUs) and microcontrollers (MCUs). Examples of digital comparator include the CMOS 4063 and 4585 and the TTL 7485 and 74682.

An XNOR gate is a basic comparator, because its output is "1" only if its two input bits are equal.

The analog equivalent of digital comparator is the voltage comparator.  Many microcontrollers have analog comparators on some of their inputs that can be read or trigger an interrupt.

Implementation

Consider two 4-bit binary numbers A and B so

Here each subscript represents one of the digits in the numbers.

Equality
The binary numbers A and B will be equal if all the pairs of significant digits of both numbers are equal, i.e.,

, ,  and  

Since the numbers are binary, the digits are either 0 or 1 and the boolean function for equality of any two digits  and  can be expressed as

 we can also replace it by XNOR gate in digital electronics.

 is 1 only if  and  are equal.

For the equality of A and B, all  variables (for i=0,1,2,3) must be 1.

So the equality condition of A and B can be implemented using the AND operation as

The binary variable (A=B) is 1 only if all pairs of digits of the two numbers are equal.

Inequality

In order to manually determine the greater of two binary numbers, we inspect the relative magnitudes of pairs of significant digits, starting from the most significant bit, gradually proceeding towards lower significant bits until an inequality is found. When an inequality is found, if the corresponding bit of A is 1 and that of B is 0 then we conclude that A>B.

This sequential comparison can be expressed logically as:

(A>B) and (A < B) are output binary variables, which are equal to 1 when A>B or A<B respectively.

See also 
 List of LM-series integrated circuits
 4000 series, List of 4000 series integrated circuits
 7400 series, List of 7400 series integrated circuits
 Sorting network

References

External links 
Digital Comparators by Texas Instruments

Digital circuits