omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
JTEKT. JTEKT Corporation TYO: 6473.T is a Japanese corporation created in January 2006 upon the merger of two companies: Koyo Seiko Co. and Toyoda Machine Works.

Toyoda Machine Works, Machine tool sales for North, Central and South America, aftermarket support services, machine re-manufacturing and engineering services supplied by Jtekt Toyoda Americas Corporation H.Q. Arlington Heights, Illinois and the Re-manufactured Products Division operate out of Wixom, Michigan, with support offices in Monterrey, Mexico and Itu, Brazil.  JTEKT Corporation machine tools are manufactured in Japan by the JTEKT Corporation, and in Taiwan, by WELE Mechatronics, a "Toyoda Strategic Alliance Company", and exported globally.

Business Areas 
 Bearings (KOYO)
 Driveline Components (JTEKT)
 Machine Tools (TOYODA, WELE MECHATRONICS)
 Steering Products (JTEKT)
 Motion Controllers

JTEKT North America 
JTEKT North America is a separate legal entity headed by COO Gary Bourque who reports to the CEO (Keita Mizuno). There are several locations of operations throughout the United States, Canada, and Mexico.

In 2009, JTEKT NA purchased the needle bearing business (automotive bearings) from Timken. The needle roller bearing business was a part of the Torrington Company which Timken purchased in 2003. JTEKT gained five manufacturing locations along with a technical center and a business office in North America, as well as eight other locations worldwide.

Headquarters
 JTEKT - A-TEC in Plymouth, MI
 Koyo - Industrial Sales in Westlake, OH and Automotive in Greenville, SC
 Toyoda Machinery - in Arlington Heights, IL

Technical Centers
 JTEKT - A-TEC in Plymouth, MI
 JTEKT - JSCI in Halifax, NS
 Koyo - GTC in Greenville, SC
 Jtekt Toyoda Americas COrp. - Northeast Tech Center in Shrewsbury, MA Upper Midwest Tech Center in New Brighton, MN West Coast Tech Center Placentia, CA Mexico sales office Monterrey, Mexico Brazil Tech center Itu, São Paulo, Brazil.

Manufacturing Locations

 JATM - Steering/Driveline Plant in Morristown, TN
 JATV - Steering Plant in Vonore, TN
 JATX - Steering Plant in Ennis, TX
 JASC - Driveline Plant in Piedmont, SC
 Koyo Washington - Taper Roller Bearing Plant in Telford, TN
 Koyo Richland - Wheel Hub Bearing Plant in Blythewood, SC
 Koyo Orangeburg - Taper Roller Bearing in Orangeburg, SC
 Walhalla (Classic Torrington) - Thrust Bearing Plant in Walhalla, SC
 Cairo (Classic Torrington) - Bearings in Cairo, GA
 Sylvania (Classic Torrington) - Drawn Cup Bearings in Sylvania, GA
 Dahlonega (Classic Torrington) - Loose Needle Rollers in Dahlonega, GA
 Bedford (Classic Torrington) - Planet Shafts in Bedford, Quebec
 Koyo Canada Inc. (Classic Torrington) Canadian Warehouse and Operations Burlington, Ontario

References

External links 
 

Automotive companies of Japan
Defense companies of Japan
Robotics companies of Japan
Toyota Group
Manufacturing companies based in Osaka
Manufacturing companies established in 2006
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 2006
Japanese companies established in 2006
Companies based in Osaka
Companies listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange
Companies in the Nikkei 225
Japanese brands
Paulinskill Viaduct. The Paulinskill Viaduct, also known as the Hainesburg Viaduct, is a reinforced concrete railroad bridge that crosses the Paulins Kill in Knowlton Township, New Jersey. When completed in 1910, it was the largest reinforced concrete structure in the world.

History 

The viaduct was built by the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad as part of the Lackawanna Cut-Off, a project that replaced an older route with a straighter and flatter route through the mountains of northwestern New Jersey. (A sister bridge of similar design but smaller dimension, the Delaware River Viaduct, carries the Lackawanna Cut-Off over the river, Interstate 80, and the New Jersey-Pennsylvania state line.) Designed by the DL&W's engineering staff under the supervision of chief engineer Lincoln Bush and built by the Philadelphia contracting firm of Reiter, Curtis & Hill, the bridge was considered a pioneering work that opened the door to the building of even larger concrete viaducts by the Lackawanna, most notably the Tunkhannock Viaduct in Pennsylvania in 1915.

Opened to regular rail traffic on Christmas Eve 1911, the Paulinskill Viaduct, supported by its seven graceful arches, carried DL&W trains until 1960, when the railroad merged with the Erie Railroad to form the Erie Lackawanna Railroad. The E-L in turn operated the Cut-Off until 1976 when the railroad was conveyed into Conrail, which ran trains until November 1978, abandoned the line in November 1981, and removed the tracks in 1984.

NJ Transit Rail Operations is working to restore commuter service along the Cut-Off, with the  section from Lake Hopatcong, New Jersey, to Andover, New Jersey, which is slated to open in 2027. Amtrak has proposed to restore the rest of the Cut-Off west of Andover, including the Paulinskill Viaduct, and resume passenger service into northeastern Pennsylvania and onto Scranton.

The Paulinskill Viaduct is known for the internal chambers used to inspect the structural integrity of the bridge, which are popular among urban explorers. The graffiti-filled chambers have been featured by Weird NJ.

Notes

References

External links
The Wonders of Paulinskill Viaduct at weirdnj.com

Bridges completed in 1910
Railroad bridges in New Jersey
Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad bridges
Bridges in Warren County, New Jersey
Deck arch bridges in the United States
Viaducts in the United States
Lackawanna Cut-Off
Former railway bridges in the United States
Concrete bridges in the United States
Bridges over the Paulins Kill
ISAR. ISAR or Isar may refer to:

ISAR
Intergovernmental Working Group of Experts on International Standards of Accounting and Reporting
International Search and Rescue Competition
 International Society of Arthroplasty Registries
Institute for the Study of Academic Racism
Inverse synthetic aperture radar, a technique to generate two-dimensional radar images of a target
Intelligible semi-automated reasoning, the formal proof language of the Isabelle proof assistant

Isar
 Isar, a German river
 Isar Nuclear Power Plant, on the river
 Isar, Province of Burgos, a municipality located in Castile and León, Spain
 Isar Rural District, Iran
 Isar, Marvinci, North Macedonia, an archaeological site
 Isar Aerospace, a private German launch vehicle company
 Glas Isar, a small car produced by Hans Glas GmbH
Fluid conductance. Fluid conductance is a measure of how effectively fluids are transported through a medium or a region. The concept is particularly useful in cases in which the amount of fluid transported is linearly related to whatever is driving the transport.

For example, the concept is useful in the flow of liquids through permeable media, especially in hydrology in relation to river and lake bottoms. In this case, it is an application of intrinsic permeability to a unit of material with a defined area and thickness, and the magnitude of conductance affects the rate of groundwater recharge or interaction with groundwater. This parameter is often used in such computer modelling codes as MODFLOW.

Conductance is also a useful concept in the design and study of vacuum systems. Such systems consist of vacuum chambers and the various flow passages and pumps that connect and maintain them. These systems are common in physical science laboratories and many laboratory apparatus as well, such as mass spectrometers. Typically, the pressures inside these devices are low enough that the gas inside them is rarefied, meaning here that the mean free path of constituent atoms and molecules is a non-negligible fraction of the dimensions of orifices and passageways. Under those conditions, the total mass flow through an orifice or conduit is typically linearly proportional to the pressure drop, so that it is convenient to quantify mass flow in terms of the fluid conductance of the constituent components.

Example from hydrology
For example, the conductance of water through a stream-bed is:

where
 is the conductance of the stream-bed ([L2T−1]; m2s−1 or ft2day−1)
 is the hydraulic conductivity of the stream-bed materials([LT−1]; m·s−1 or ft·day−1];
 is the area of the stream-bed ([L2]; m2 or ft2)
 is the thickness of the stream-bed sediments ([L]; m or ft)

The volumetric discharge through the stream-bed can be calculated if the difference in hydraulic head is known:

where
 is the volumetric discharge through the stream-bed ([L3T−1]; m3s−1 or ft3day−1)
 is the hydraulic head of the river (elevation stage)
 is the hydraulic head of the aquifer below the stream-bed ([L]; m or ft)

Example from vacuum technology
The defining equation for conductance in vacuum technology is

Here
 is the total throughput, usually by convention not measured as a mass throughput but rather as a pressure throughput and having units of pressure times volume per second,
 and  are the upstream and downstream pressures,
 is the conductance, having units of volume/time, which are the same units as pumping speed for a vacuum pump.

This definition proves useful in vacuum systems because under conditions of rarefied gas flow, the conductance of various structures is usually constant, and the overall conductance of a complex network of pipes, orifices and other conveyances can be found in direct analogy to a resistive electrical circuit.

For example, the conductance of a simple orifice is 
 liters/sec, where  is measured in centimeters.

Hydrology
Jumpseat (satellite). Jumpseat, also known as AFP-711 is reportedly a code name for a class of SIGINT reconnaissance satellites operated by the National Reconnaissance Office for the United States Air Force in the 1970s and 1980s. The program is classified, and much of the information in the open is speculative.

Satellites
It is believed that six Jumpseat satellites were successfully launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base on Titan IIIB launch vehicles with Agena D boosters between 21 March 1971 and 31 July 1983, the primary purpose of them being to monitor Soviet ABM radars. There was one failure, when the second satellite's Agena malfunctioned and left it in a useless orbit.

The 700-kg Jumpseat satellites were manufactured by Hughes Aircraft and  were inserted into highly elliptical Molniya orbits with an inclination of 63 degrees and orbital periods of close to 12 hours.
These were in similar orbits to the Satellite Data System relay satellites.

The successors to the Jumpseat series are the Trumpet satellites.

List of satellite launches

References

General
 Richelson, Jeffrey T. ed. U.S. Military Uses of Space, 1945-1991 Vol 1, Guide. National Security Archive. 1991.

External links
Entry at astronautix.com
Entry at Gunter's space page
Log of satellite launches from Jonathan's Space Report
JUMPSEAT - SIGINT Spacecraft Series (NRO/USAF/ NSA - Program AFP-711) at GlobalSecurity.org

1971 in spaceflight
1973 in spaceflight
National Reconnaissance Office satellites
Signals intelligence satellites
Military equipment introduced in the 1970s
GMS (software). GMS (Groundwater Modeling System) is water modeling application for building and simulating groundwater models from Aquaveo. It features 2D and 3D geostatistics, stratigraphic modeling and a unique conceptual model approach. Currently supported models include MODFLOW, MODPATH, MT3DMS, RT3D, FEMWATER, SEEP2D, and UTEXAS.

Version 6 introduced the use of XMDF (eXtensible Model Data Format), which is a compatible extension of HDF5. The purpose of this Is to allow internal storage and management of data in a single HDF file, rather than using many flat files.

History
GMS was initially developed in the late 1980s and early 1990s on Unix workstations by the Engineering Computer Graphics Laboratory at Brigham Young University. The development of GMS was funded primarily by The United States Army Corps of Engineers and was known until version 4.0, released in late 1999, as the Department of Defense Groundwater Modeling System, or DoD GMS. It was ported to Microsoft Windows in the mid 1990s. Version 3.1 was the last version that supported HP-UX, IRIX, OSF/1, and Solaris platforms. Development of GMS, along with development of WMS and SMS, was transferred to Aquaveo when it was formed in April 2007.

A study published in the Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics in August 2000 stated that "GMS provides an interface to the groundwater flow model, MODFLOW, and the contaminant transport model, MT3D. MODFLOW is a three-dimensional, cell-centered, finite-difference, saturated-flow model capable of both steady-state and transient analyses. These two models, when put together, provide a comprehensive tool for examining groundwater flow and nitrate transport and accumulation". The study was designed to help develop a "permit scheme to effectively manage nitrate pollution of groundwater supplies for communities in rural areas without hindering agricultural production in watersheds".

Version history

Reception

A 2001 report prepared for the Iowa Comprehensive Petroleum Underground Storage Tank Fund Board stated that GMS was "a very user-friendly software package with strong technical support." Raymond H. Johnson, a hydrogeologist with the US Geological Survey, called GMS 6.0 "a useful all around groundwater modeling package that offers the advantages of modular purchases, multiple model support, linkages to ArcGIS, conceptual model development, and integrated inversion routines." A 2006 report from the Center for Nuclear Waste Regulatory Analyses in San Antonio, Texas called GMS "the most sophisticated groundwater modeling software available".

References

External links
GMS Wiki

Scientific simulation software
Science software for Windows
Hydrogeology software
F90. F90 or F-90 may refer to:

Science and technology
 Alacrite, a cobalt-based alloy also known as F90
 Beechcraft King Air F90, a twin engine turboprop airplane
BMW M5 (F90), a 6th generation of high performance variant of the BMW 5 Series
 Conventional farad, a unit of measurement, symbol F90
 Fortran 90, a computer programming language
Hyperkinetic disorder (ICD-10 code)
 Nikon F90, a 35mm SLR camera

Military
 Lockheed XF-90
 F90 assault rifle, an assault rifle by Thales Australia, a development of the Steyr AUG assault rifle

Other uses
 F-90 (comics), a fictional likeness of the Lockheed XF-90
Object Exchange Model. The Object Exchange Model  (OEM) is a model for exchanging semi-structured data between object-oriented databases. It serves as the basic data model in numerous projects of the Stanford University Database Group, including Tsimmis, Lore, and C3. 

Slight variations of OEM have evolved across different Stanford projects. In Lore, labels are actually on parent-child "links" rather than objects. For example, if an OEM object has multiple parents, different parent objects may use different labels to identify that object. An atomic value encoding a person's name might be included in one complex object using the label "Author" and in another complex object using the label "Editor." In C3, additional attributes are required for each object to annotate the changes to the object that have occurred over time.

OEM representations
Textual OEM interchange format used in Lore The goals of this interchange format were to have textual encodings of OEM to be easy to read, easy to edit, and easy to generate or parse by a program.

See also
 XML
 RDF

References

External links
 A Standard Textual Interchange Format for the Object Exchange Model

Database management systems
Server Monitor. Server Monitor is Apple's remote server monitoring application, part of the discontinued Mac OS X Server. It communicates with the  hardware monitoring daemon present on Mac servers. Server Monitor is also an IPMI 2.0-based tool for communicating with a remote baseboard management controller (BMC) that implements their lights-out management (LOM) system. LOM is only supported on Xserve models released after 2006, not on Power Macs sold as servers. LOM enables power management even if the Xserve is off, and even if it lacks an installed operating system. Server Monitor can be configured to send notifications by email when a server encounters a problem, which requires the application to be running; the remote servers can also send these emails by themselves through .

References

External links
 Mac OS X server page
 support.apple.com: TCP and UDP ports used by Apple software

MacOS Server
Osaka Monorail 1000 series. The  is a type of monorail train operated on the Osaka Monorail since 1989. The trains were built by Hitachi, Ltd. and Kawasaki Heavy Industries, have aluminium bodies, and operate as four-car formations.

Build details

External links
 (Kawasaki Heavy Industries) 

Electric multiple units of Japan
Alweg people movers rolling stock
Train-related introductions in 1989

Hitachi multiple units
1500 V DC multiple units of Japan
Kawasaki multiple units
Roland Dobrushin. Roland Lvovich Dobrushin () (July 20, 1929 – November 12, 1995) was a mathematician who made important contributions to probability theory,  mathematical physics, and information theory.

Life and work

Dobrushin received his Ph.D. at Moscow State University under the supervision of Andrey Kolmogorov.

In statistical mechanics, he introduced (simultaneously with Lanford and Ruelle) the DLR equations for the Gibbs measure. Together with Kotecký and Shlosman, he studied the formation of droplets in Ising-type models, providing mathematical justification of the Wulff construction.

He was a foreign member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Academia Europæa and US National Academy of Sciences.

The Dobrushin prize was established in his honour.

Notes

References

External links
 
 Memorial website.
 Biography (in Russian)
 Obituary from The Independent

1929 births
1995 deaths
Soviet mathematicians
20th-century Russian mathematicians
Probability theorists
Moscow State University alumni
Members of Academia Europaea
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
Zurich model. The Zurich model is the approach by the city of Zurich in Switzerland that permitted its public transportation system to achieve and maintain a high market share. Many other cities have emulated elements of it, especially when new tram systems were introduced.

History
In the 1970s, Zurich was planning to move many of the tram lines in its central area into tunnels. This project was rejected in a referendum. In the 1970s, a project to create an underground railway was similarly rejected.

Despite the failures of these attempts to provide Zurich with a different kind of transportation system, public transportation in Zurich has maintained a high modal split, with 65% of people commuting within the city doing so by public transport and only 17% using cars. In his book, Status Anxiety, Alain de Botton has suggested why the model is so effective:

Elements of the model
A dense network providing many direct connections and short headways.
High priorities at intersections.
Low impact of road congestion on operations.
Parking maximums (introduced in 1989), followed by parking limits in the downtown (1996).

See also
Health impact of light rail systems
Karlsruhe model
Melbourne Principles
Trams in Zurich
Trolleybuses in Zurich
Verkehrsbetriebe Zürich
Zürcher Verkehrsverbund
Zurich S-Bahn

References

Public transport in Switzerland
Transport in Zurich
Transportation planning
Process flow diagram. A process flow diagram (PFD) is a diagram commonly used in chemical and process engineering to indicate the general flow of plant processes and equipment. The PFD displays the relationship between major equipment of a plant facility and does not show minor details such as piping details and designations. Another commonly used term for a PFD is process flowsheet. It is the key document in process design.

Typical content of a process flow diagram

Typically, process flow diagrams of a single unit process include the following:
 Process piping
 Major equipment items
Connections with other systems
 Major bypass and recirculation (recycle) streams
 Operational data (temperature, pressure, mass flow rate, density, etc.), often by stream references to a mass balance
 Process stream names

Process flow diagrams generally do not include:
 Pipe classes or piping line numbers
 Instrumentation details
 Minor bypass lines
 Instrumentation
 Controllers like Level Control or Flow Control
 Isolation and shutoff valves
 Maintenance vents and drains
 Relief and safety valves
 Flanges

Process flow diagrams of multiple process units within a large industrial plant will usually contain less detail and may be called block flow diagrams or schematic flow diagrams.

Process flow diagram examples
The process flow diagram below depicts a single chemical engineering unit process known as an amine treating plant:

Multiple process units within an industrial plant
The process flow diagram below is an example of a schematic or block flow diagram and depicts the various unit processes within a typical oil refinery:

Other items of interest
A PFD can be computer generated from process simulators (see List of Chemical Process Simulators), CAD packages, or flow chart software using a library of chemical engineering symbols. Rules and symbols are available from standardization organizations such as DIN, ISO or ANSI. Often PFDs are produced on large sheets of paper.

PFDs of many commercial processes can be found in the literature, specifically in encyclopedias of chemical technology, although some might be outdated. To find recent ones, patent databases such as those available from the United States Patent and Trademark Office can be useful.

Standards
 ISO 15519-1:2010(en): Specification for diagrams for process industry — Part 1: General rules
 ISO 15519-2:2015(en): Specifications for diagrams for process industry — Part 2: Measurement and control
 ISO 10628-1:2014(en): Diagrams for the chemical and petrochemical industry — Part 1: Specification of diagrams
 ISO 10628-2:2012(en): Diagrams for the chemical and petrochemical industry — Part 2: Graphical symbols
 ANSI Y32.11: Graphical Symbols For Process Flow Diagrams (withdrawn 2003)
 SAA AS 1109: Graphical Symbols For Process Flow Diagrams For The Food Industry

See also
 HAZOP
 Piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID)
 Symbolic language (engineering)
 Shit flow diagram

References

Further reading

External links

 The PFD at The Engineering ToolBox
Kolmetz Handbook of Process Equipment Design: Process Flow Sheets

Chemical process engineering
Piping
Diagrams
Process engineering
CPN Tools. CPN Tools is a tool for editing, simulating, and analyzing high-level Petri nets. It supports basic Petri nets plus timed Petri nets and colored Petri nets. It has a simulator and a state space analysis tool is included.

CPN Tools is originally developed by the CPN Group at Aarhus University from 2000 to 2010. The main architects behind the tool are Kurt Jensen, Søren Christensen, Lars M. Kristensen, and Michael Westergaard. From the autumn of 2010, CPN Tools is transferred to the AIS group, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands.

CPN Tools comprises two main components, a graphical editor and a backend simulator component.  The graphical editor is written in the academic language, BETA, and the simulator backend is written in the Standard ML variant SML/NJ.

In roughly 2010, CPN Tools maintenance ceased and was transferred to its successor project, CPN IDE.

References

External links 
 cpntools.org CPN Tools
 cpnide.org CPN IDE

Simulation software