omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Sudan University College of Engineering Sciences. The College of Engineering at Sudan University of Science and Technology was founded in 1975.

History 
The college was founded in 1975 after merging six different independent institutes.
 Institute of Technical Teachers
 Institute of Technicians for Civil Engineering and Architecture
 Institute of Technicians for Mechanical and Electrical Engineering
 Institute of Textile Technicians
 Institute of Surveying Technicians
 Institute of Laboratory Technicians
These institutes became departments of the college, which was called the College of Engineering and Scientific Studies at that time.

Offered Degrees 
The college directly offers 24 BEng and BTech bachelor degrees with honors. 
 Engineering Diploma: Undergraduate course usually can be earned in two to three years (four or six semesters).
 Master of Science
 Doctoral Degrees

Schools and Departments

School of Survey Engineering
 Department of Geodesy
 Department of Remote Sensing
 Department of Geographical Information Systems

School of Civil Engineering 
 Department of Transportation Engineering

School of Electrical and Nuclear Engineering 
 Department of Control Engineering 
 Department of Power and Machines Engineering 
 Department of Nuclear Engineering

School of Electronics Engineering 
 Department of Communication Engineering
 Department of Computer Engineering
 Department of Industrial Electronics

School of Mechanical Engineering
 Department of Manufacturing Engineering 
 Department of Power Engineering

Department of Biomedical Engineering

Department of Aviation Engineering

References

External links 
 Sudan University website
 College of Engineering Website
 Sudan Ministry of Higher education

Sudan University of Science and Technology
Manufacture d'horlogerie. (meaning "watchmaking manufacturer") is a French language term of horology that has also been adopted in the English language as a loanword. In horology, the term is usually encountered in its abbreviated form manufacture. This term is used when describing a wrist watch movement or watchworks fabricator which makes all or most of the parts required for its products in its own production facilities, as opposed to simply assembling watches using parts purchased from other firms.

Definition
The Dictionnaire professionnel illustré de l'horlogerie (The Illustrated Professional Dictionary of the Watchmaking Industry) defines manufacture as follows: 
In the Swiss watch industry the term manufacture is used of a factory in which watches are manufactured almost completely, as distinct from an atelier de terminage, which is concerned only with assembling, timing, fitting the hands and casing.

The concept of manufacture in the Swiss watch making industry refers to any firm that at least designs calibres, produces the movements parts thereof called ébauches, and assembles them into watches. For example, a company that does not manufacture crystals (the watch glass) or hairsprings may still be regarded as a manufacture.

Examples
The following companies produce whole watches, including cases and movements:
 A. Lange & Söhne
 Aquastar (watch brand)
 Audemars Piguet
 Baume et Mercier
 Bianchet
 Blancpain
 Breguet
 Breitling SA
 Bvlgari
 Cartier (some models)
 Chopard
 Citizen Watch
 Damasko (some models)
 Frédérique Constant  (some models)
 F. P. Journe
 Gallet & Co.
 Girard-Perregaux
 Glashutte Original
 Moritz Grossman
H. Moser & Cie
Hamilton
 Hublot
 IWC
 Jaeger-LeCoultre
 Jaquet Droz
 Lang & Heyne
 Maurice Lacroix
 Omega SA
 Orient 
 Oris
 Panerai
 Parmigiani Fleurier
 Patek Philippe & Co.
 Piaget SA
 Roger Dubuis
 Rolex
 Seagull
 Seiko
 The Swatch Group
 Tudor
 Ulysse Nardin
 Vacheron Constantin
 Vostok
 Vulcain Watches
 Zenith

See also
Federation of the Swiss Watch Industry
Ébauche
ETA SA

References

French words and phrases
Watches
Horology
Economy of Switzerland
Avro 552. The Avro 552 was a British light biplane aircraft produced in the early 1920s. It was another attempt by Avro to sell a derivative of the wartime 504 to the civil market.

Design and development
In this case, the company took advantage of the large number of war-surplus Wolseley Viper engines left over from Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5a production. In 1921, one of these was married to a standard 504K airframe for evaluation under the designation Avro 551. Trials proved encouraging, but an extra fuel tank was installed in the upper wing as a result of the Viper's higher rate of fuel consumption, and changes were also made to the aileron design.

This configuration went into production as the 552, with the Argentine Navy purchasing 12 examples of a float-equipped version, the 552A, which served as trainers until 1927. Two similar machines were purchased by Bulgaria.

In 1924, the Royal Canadian Air Force arranged for Canadian Vickers to purchase a licence to produce five landplanes and nine seaplane examples for use in forestry patrol. These differed from British-built aircraft by the use of U.S. Naval Aircraft Factory floats, and increased fuel tankage for extended range. One of the license-built seaplanes was fitted with a Wright engine and known in Canadian service as the Avro Wright. Licensed production was also undertaken by C.B. Field of Kingswood Knoll, Surrey, who built three aircraft from surplus components supplied by Avro. These were flown as banner tugs by Inca Aviation until 1935.

The fuselage of the 552 prototype, G-EAPR was later used as the basis for the Cierva C.8 autogyro, but was eventually converted back to the winged configuration by a private owner when disposed of by the company.

Operators

Argentine Naval Aviation

Bulgarian Air Force and naval aviation

Royal Canadian Air Force

Specifications (552)

References

Bibliography

External links

1910s British civil utility aircraft
552
Floatplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1921
Azcárate O-E-1. 

The Azcárate O-E-1 was a reconnaissance-bomber aircraft developed in Mexico in the late 1920s. It was designed by General Brigadier Juan Francisco Azcárate and built at the TNCA workshops near Mexico City. A trainer version, the Azcárate E-1 (for Escuela) was also built. It was a sesquiplane of conventional configuration with tailskid undercarriage, and seating the crew in tandem, open cockpits. The types are sometimes collectively referred to simply as the "Azcárate sesquiplane" (sesquiplano in Spanish).

On 30 September 1928, pilot Gustavo León and Subteniente and mechanic Ricardo González set out on an aerial circumnavigation of Mexico in an O-E-1. Conducted in 58 legs, they completed their  flight on 18 December.

Specifications (E-1)

References

See also

O-E-1
1920s Mexican bomber aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Sesquiplanes
Spaceflight Meteorology Group. 
The Spaceflight Meteorology Group (SMG) is a U.S. weather forecasting unit staffed by the National Weather Service (NWS) for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) which provides pertinent information on the current and expected state of the atmosphere during human spaceflight operations. It is located at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) in Houston, Texas. Meteorological information for the broader space program is provided by the 45th Space Wing's 45th Weather Squadron of the U.S. Air Force (USAF).

SMG covered Space Shuttle missions and was planned to cover Orion missions. Following the landing of Space Shuttle Atlantis during STS-135 on July 21, 2011, many of the SMG forecasters were relocated elsewhere in the National Weather Service, leaving a reduced staff at JSC. The Spaceflight Meteorology Group is also tasked with forecasting emergency landings for Soyuz missions when those rendezvous with the International Space Station (ISS).

See also 
 Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC)
 Center Weather Service Unit (CWSU)
 557th Weather Wing (USAF)

References

Further reading

External links 
 Spaceflight Meteorology Group (SMG)
 Human Spaceflight - Weather forecasts (NASA)
 Applied Meteorology Unit (AMU) (NASA)

National Weather Service Forecast Offices
NASA
Governmental meteorological agencies in North America
Juan Francisco Azcárate. Brigadier General Engineer Juan Francisco Azcárate Pino (December 8, 1896 – June 2, 1987) was an officer in the Mexican military, a diplomat, and a designer of military aircraft.

As chief of the department of aviation, Azcárate oversaw the manufacture of military aircraft of his own design at the National Aviation Workshops. He was later appointed military attaché to the Mexican embassy in the United States, and during World War II was minister of the Mexican embassy in Germany. His published works include Un Programa Político Internacional (1932), Esencia de la Revolución, (1966) and Trilogía Moderna Contemporánea (1978).

References
 
 Zavala, Juan Roberto. (2005) Científicos y tecnólogos de Nuevo León Diccionario Biográfico. Colegio de Estudios Científicos y Tecnológicos del Estado de Nuevo León: Monterrey, 23.

1896 births
1987 deaths
20th-century Mexican engineers
Mexican people of Basque descent
Inflatable building. An inflatable building is a structure constructed using two layers of membrane connected together, typically using spars made from the same material. The cavity formed between the layers is pressurized with air producing a rigid structural element which allows large span structures to be achieved. 

The key difference between air-supported buildings and inflatable buildings is that air-supported buildings require airlocks at all the access points to prevent air being lost when doors are opened since the entire occupied space of the building is pressurized, whereas inflatable buildings do not require airlocks.

Inflatable buildings like this commonly serve sports, such as tennis and indoor golf.

Structure
An inflatable building only requires pressurized air within the cavities of the walls and so does not require airlocks since the occupied interior of the building is at normal atmospheric pressure.The air contained within the walls of an inflatable building becomes a true structural part of the building. The membranes used in the construction of such buildings are typically less than 1mm thick, so the amount of membrane used compared to the volume of air contained within the walls is very low (typically less than 0.5%). This makes inflatable buildings efficient in terms of the amount of raw materials required to construct them.

The small amount of material used in the construction of inflatable buildings makes them highly portable. When a building needs to be moved, the air can simply be allowed to escape, enabling an entire building to be packed into a small volume compared to its inflated size. The building can then be transported easily to its new location and re-inflated.

Uses 
Inflatable structures and inflatable buildings can be used in many ways, including: membrane roofs and covers, sails, buildings and pavilions, airships, furniture, airspace structures, boats, escape slides, security mattresses, swimming pools, coverings, games and castles, air bags and many other applications. Examples of inflatable buildings include an inflatable church and an inflatable pub.

See also
 List of inflatable manufactured goods

References

External links
 

Buildings and structures by type
Inflatable manufactured goods
Portable buildings and shelters
University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Kurukshetra University. The University Institute of Engineering & Technology (UIET) is an autonomous engineering institute established by Kurukshetra University in 2004 as the university's department for Engineering and Technology. It is administered by the state government of Haryana.

UIET offers Bachelor of Technology (BTech) undergraduate (UG) courses and Master of Technology (MTech) postgraduate (PG) courses in various engineering fields, as well as Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) courses. As of 2024, it is ranked #157 among the engineering institutes in India.

Background 
It is a Haryana state-government engineering institute situated in the campus of Kurukshetra University. In 2002, the government issued an order to promote the existing REC, Kurukshetra to the status of National Institute of Technology (NIT), consequently becoming an independent deemed university separated from Kurukshetra University.

Therefore, UIET Kurukshetra was started as Kurukshetra University's department of engineering in 2004 with the help of the World Bank and functions as a self-financed college.

The institute is headed by Institute Director: Professor Sunil Dhingra, is staffed by government employed faculty (permanent and contractual) and administered by a dedicated Board of Governance (BOG), led by the Vice-Chancellor of Kurukshetra University.

Departments 
The institute has the following departments:
 Computer Science & Engineering Department (UG, PG, PhD)
 Electronics & Communication Engineering Department (UG, PG, PhD)
 Mechanical Engineering Department (UG, PG, PhD) (Dedicated block)
 Biotechnology Engineering Department (UG, PG, PhD)
 Electrical Engineering Department (PG, PhD)
 Applied Sciences Department (PhD)

References

External links
Official website

All India Council for Technical Education
Engineering colleges in Haryana
Kurukshetra University
Kurukshetra
Educational institutions established in 2004
2004 establishments in Haryana
ARRA (computer). The ARRA (for "Automatische Relais Rekenmachine Amsterdam", Automatic Relay Calculator Amsterdam) was the first Dutch computer, and was built from relays for the Dutch Mathematical Centre (Dutch: Mathematisch Centrum), which later became the Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI).

It was designed and built by Carel Scholten and Bram Loopstra, and was finished in 1952. Because of reliability problems it was soon taken out of commission, and "updated" to the ARRA II, which actually was a completely new design. In December 1953, electronic ARRA II performed its first programs and was completed in 1954.

See also
Other computers designed and built at the Mathematical Centre:
 ARRA II (computer)
 FERTA (computer)
 ARMAC (computer), 1956

Other very early Dutch computers:
 P3 (computer)
 PASCAL (computer)
 PETER (computer)
 PTERA (computer), 1953
 STEVIN (computer)
 Testudo (computer)
 X1 (computer)
 X2 (computer)
 X4 (computer)
 X8 (computer)
 ZEBRA (computer)
 ZERO (computer)

References

External links 
 

Electro-mechanical computers
Science and technology in the Netherlands
One-of-a-kind computers
Computers designed in the Netherlands
British Motor Heritage. British Motor Heritage Limited (BMH) is a British company specialising in the manufacture of bodies and body parts for historic and classic British cars, and based in Witney, Oxfordshire.

History
BMH was established in 1975, as a subsidiary of British Leyland, to supply genuine components for classic British cars, using original tools wherever possible.

BMH started using legacy jigs and tools to produce complete bodyshells for historic models in 1988. It began production with its MG MGB replacement body, after the car had been out of production for 8 years. In 1991 it restarted production of MG Midget bodies.

BMW obtained BMH when it acquired the Rover Group in 1994

In 2001 BMW sold BMH back into private ownership, by which time it was also producing Triumph TR6 bodies. Later they added various Mini marques to their range, including the Clubman in 2004.

In 2013, the company employed over 40 staff, and had a turnover of almost £4 million, with an inventory worth £2 million.

Notes

External links
British Motor Heritage Limited – Official company website

Automotive companies of the United Kingdom
British Leyland
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1975
Companies based in Oxfordshire
Mobil Composition of Matter. Mobil Composition of  Matter (MCM)  is the initial name given for a series of mesoporous materials that were first synthesized by Mobil's researchers in 1992. MCM-41 (Mobil Composition of Matter No. 41) and MCM-48 (Mobil Composition of Matter No. 48) are two of the most popular mesoporous molecular sieves that are keenly studied by researchers.

The most striking fact about the MCM-41 and MCM-48 is that, although composed of amorphous silica wall, they possess long range ordered framework with uniform mesopores.  These materials also possess large surface area, which can be up to more than 1000 m2g−1.  Moreover, the pore diameter of these materials can be nicely controlled within mesoporous range between 1.5 and 20 nm by adjusting the synthesis conditions and/or by employing surfactants with different chain lengths in their preparation.

MCM-41 and MCM-48 have been applied as catalysts for various chemical reactions, as a support for drug delivery system and as adsorbent in waste water treatment.

MCM-41 is a material similar to FSM-16.

References

 Kresge, C. T., Leonowicz, M. E., Roth, W. J., Vartuli, J. C. and Beck, J. S. Nature, 1992. 359: 710-712.
 Beck, J.S., Vartuli, J. C., Roth, W. J., Leonowicz, M. E., Kresge, C. T., Schmitt, K. D., Chu, C. T. D., Olson, D. H., Sheppard, E. W., McCullen, S. B., Higgins, J. B. and Schlenker, J. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1992. 114: 10834-10843.
 Beck, J. S. U.S. Patent 5, 057, 296. 1991.
 Huo, Q., Margolese, D. I., Ciesla, U., Denuth, D. G., Feng, P., Gier, T. E., Sieger, P., Firouzi, A., Chmelka, B. F., Schuth, F. and Stucky, G. D. Chem. Mater.., 1994. 6: 1176-1191.
 Choma, J., Pikus, S. and Jaroniec, M. Appl. Surf. Sci., 2005. 252: 562-569.
 Hamoudi, S. and Belkacemi, K. J. Porous Mater., 2004. 11: 47-54.

Materials
Catalysts
Coastal-Marine Automated Network. The Coastal-Marine Automated Network (C-MAN) is a meteorological observation network along the coastal United States.  Consisting of about sixty stations installed on lighthouses, at capes and beaches, on near shore islands, and on offshore platforms, the stations record atmospheric pressure, wind direction, speed and gust, and air temperature; however, some C-MAN stations are designed to also measure sea surface temperature, water level, waves, relative humidity, precipitation, and visibility.  

The network is maintained by the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) of the National Weather Service (NWS), which is part of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and data is ingested into numerical weather prediction computer models.  It was created in the early 1980s to maintain observations that were about to be discontinued by other programs.  Data is processed and transmitted similarly to the moored buoy system.

In 2002, C-MAN was added to the NOAA Observing System Architecture (NOSA).

See also
 List of cabled observatories
 Shipping Forecast

External links 
 National Data Buoy Center C-MAN site
 C-MAN on NOSA

Meteorological data and networks
Meteorological instrumentation and equipment
Oceanographic instrumentation
Mr. Machine. Mr. Machine is a once-popular children's mechanical toy originally manufactured by the Ideal Toy Company in 1960.

History
Mr. Machine was designed by Marvin Glass, the toy designer, known for many popular 1960s and 1970s toys. The story goes that Marvin Glass was working so hard at the time, his wife said he was like a machine. Soon after her comment, he invented Mr. Machine. Mr. Machine was a robot-like mechanical man wearing a top hat. The body had a giant windup key at the back. When the toy was wound up it would "walk", swinging its arms and repeatedly ringing a bell mounted on its front. The toy stood about 18 inches tall (roughly 46 cm).

Mr. Machine was primarily made of plastic. This was unique for its time. Innovations in plastic and injection moulding allowed toy manufacturers to produce parts less expensively than previous manufacturing 
techniques. Packaged as a building kit, the box contained 44 individual pieces along with a plastic wrench. Once assembled, Mr. Machine was complete with a top hat, bell, swinging arms, and an articulated jaw. The toy's clockwork mechanism of wheels and gears could be seen through its transparent plastic body. Mr. Machine “walked” forward as his arms and legs moved and his mouth opened and closed as its internal gears turned.

The gimmick of Mr. Machine was that one could not only see all of his mechanical "innards" through his clear plastic body, but one could also take the toy apart and put it back together, over and over, like a Lego toy or a jigsaw puzzle.

Mr. Machine was one of Ideal's most popular toys. The company reissued it in 1978, but with some alterations: it could no longer be taken apart (owing to the tendency of very young children to put small pieces in their mouths which could be accidentally swallowed or present a choking hazard), and instead of ringing a bell, it now whistled "This Old Man". This later version of Mr. Machine was brought back once more in the 1980s. In 2004, the Poof-Slinky Company remanufactured the original 1960 version (using the actual Ideal molds whenever possible), which made the original sounds and could be disassembled, and with the intention of being marketed to nostalgic adults as a collectible.

References

Products introduced in 1960
1960s toys
Toy robots
Mechanical toys
Ideal Toy Company
Rubber tyred gantry crane. A rubber tyred gantry crane (US: rubber tired gantry crane)/ RTG (crane), or sometimes transtainer, is a wheeled mobile gantry crane operated to ground or stack intermodal containers. Inbound containers are stored for future pickup by drayage trucks, and outbound are stored for future loading onto vessels. RTGs typically straddle multiple lanes, with one lane reserved for container transfers. 
Advantages:its mobility gives a rubber tyred gantry crane wide appliance

Being mobile, RTGs are often powered by diesel generator systems (gensets) of . Due to the lack of an electrical grid to dump energy when containers are being lowered they often have large resistor packs to rapidly dissipate the energy of a lowering or decelerating container. Diesel-powered RTGs are notorious polluters at ports, as each burns up to  of diesel fuel.

There are also electric rubber tired gantry cranes. The first electrified rubber-tyred gantry cranes (ERTG) in China was unveiled by the She Kou container terminal (SCT) in Shenzhen in Aug 2008. Rubber-tired gantry cranes are also being electrified at the Port of Long Beach to improve air quality, with funding from the California Energy Commission.

Aside from the intermodal industry, RTGs also are extensively used in industry. Applications include erecting large unbalanced structures, assembling large manufacturing components, positioning pipelines, and bridge construction.

Some RTGs use automation technology at ports to reduce human involvement in processing and handling cargo. Automation technology is used to optimize, track, or communicate container movements (e.g., automated gate systems), as well as automated cargo handling equipment to load, unload, and move containers.

See also
 Tire

References

Cranes (machines)
Intermodal containers
Port infrastructure
PCTE. PCTE can refer to:

Portable Common Tool Environment, an ISO standard (ISO/IEC 13719) and ECMA standard (ECMA-149) for exchanging data between Computer-aided software engineering (CASE) tools
Punjab College of Technical Education, a Management and technical education institution in Ludhiana, Punjab, India
Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (Partido Comunista de los Trabajadores de España), a Spanish political party.