omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Edward Ginzton. Edward Leonard Ginzton (December 27, 1915 – August 13, 1998) was a Ukrainian-American engineer.

Education
Ginzton completed his B.S. (1936) and M.S. (1937) in Electrical Engineering at the University of California, Berkeley, and his Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Stanford University in 1941.

Career
As a student at Stanford University, Ginzton worked with William Hansen and brothers Russell and Sigurd Varian. In 1941 he became a member of the Varian–Hansen group at the Sperry Gyroscope Company.

Ginzton was appointed assistant professor in physics at Stanford University in 1945 and remained on the faculty until 1961.

In 1949, Ginzton and Marvin Chodorow developed the 1 BeV 220-foot accelerator at Stanford University. After completion of the 1 BeV accelerator, Ginzton became director of the Microwave Laboratory, which was later renamed the Ginzton Laboratory.
 
Ginzton, along with Russell and Sigurd Varian, was one of the original board members of Varian Associates, founded in 1948. The nine initial directors of the company were Ginzton, Russell, Sigurd, and Dorothy Varian, H. Myrl Stearns, Stanford University faculty members William Webster Hansen, and Leonard I. Schiff, legal counsel Richard M. Leonard, and patent attorney Paul B. Hunter.

Ginzton became CEO and chairman of Varian Associates after Russell Varian died of a heart attack and Sigurd Varian died in a plane crash.

Ginzton was awarded the IEEE Medal of Honor in 1969 for "his outstanding contributions in advancing the technology of high power klystrons and their application, especially to linear particle accelerators."

Ginzton was a member of the National Academy of Engineering and in the National Academy of Sciences.

Ginzton's biography is available online.

Family

Ginzton was born in Ukraine and lived in China before moving to California in 1929. 
 
On June 16, 1939, Ginzton and Artemas Alma McCann (1913–2000) married. Artemas was the daughter of James Arthur and Alma (Hawes) McCann. The Ginztons had four children: Anne Ginzton Cottrell (1942), Leonard Edward Ginzton (1943), Nancy Hader Ginzton (1946), and David Edward Ginzton (1948).

Notes

References

External links
National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir
 Edward Ginzton Paper s

1915 births
1998 deaths
IEEE Medal of Honor recipients
Stanford University Department of Physics faculty
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
20th-century American physicists
Soviet emigrants to the United States
UC Berkeley College of Engineering alumni
Stanford University School of Engineering alumni
American electrical engineers
Microwave engineers
Fr. Conceicao Rodrigues College of Engineering. The Fr. Conceição Rodrigues College of Engineering (CRCE; popularly known as Fr. Agnel Bandra) is a private engineering college in Mumbai, India.

History
The college was started in 1984 with a single course of production engineering with an intake capacity of 60 students. In 1987 the course in electronics engineering was started with an intake capacity of 60 students. In 1991, the course in computer engineering was started with an intake capacity of 60 students. In 2001, the course in information technology was started with an intake capacity of 30 students.

The institute is named after the late Rev. Fr. Conceicao Rodrigues.  Under the inspiration of its founder, the Agnel Charities (the trustees of the Society of St. Francis Xavier, Pilar) realized that their contribution to the process of nation building would be through the spread of facilities for technical education. They founded technical education facilities in Bandra (Mumbai), Vashi (Navi Mumbai), Verna (Goa), New Delhi, Noida, Pune, and Ambarnath (Thane).

Accreditation and affiliation
Fr. Conceicao Rodrigues College of Engineering (CRCE) is affiliated to the University of Mumbai. Directorate of Technical Education, Government of Maharashtra State (DTE) awarded an "A" grade to the college among various engineering colleges. In the social community it is regarded as one of the finest engineering colleges in Mumbai on account of its dedicated & disciplined academic approach, staff, infrastructure, research facilities, a strong alumni network & above all, excellent campus placements.

Extracurricular and student activities
The college hosts two festivals each academic year. The technical festival,"CResCEndo" was held in the odd semester but was shifted to even semester from the year 2017. It attracts participants from various engineering colleges in Mumbai.

The cultural festival, "Euphoria" (in the even semester) is an intra-college event only for the CRCEites. The annual cultural fest Euphoria is the most awaited event of the year.

Apart from this the college also hosts the Annual National-level Fr. Conceicao Rodrigues Memorial Debate.

Alumni

Source:

Suchitra Pillai - Actress, model, anchor and VJ
Mihir Joshi - Radio jockey, singer and television host
Chetan Shashital - Indian actor, voice actor and singer
Gaurav Sen - Indian youtuber, educator

References

External links
Fr. Conceicao Rodrigues College of Engineering
Student Council, CRCE 
TEDxCRCE
Computer Society of India - CRCE Student Chapter
IEEE-CRCE Student Chapter

Engineering colleges in Mumbai
University of Mumbai
Affiliates of the University of Mumbai
Christian universities and colleges in India
Bandra
Ecrasite. Ecrasite is an explosive material which is unaffected by moisture, shock or fire. It is a mixture of ammonium salts of cresol, phenol and various nitrocresols and nitrophenols principally trinitrocresol and picric acid. It was invented in 1888-1889 by two Austrian engineers  named Siersch and Kubin, and used in Austria-Hungary to load artillery shells. Ecrasite was patented secretly, and its composition was once unknown.

Ecrasite is prepared by the partial nitration of  a crude mixture of cresol and phenol with a mixture of concentrated sulfuric and nitric acids and the neutralisation of the product with ammonia to produce a crude salt similar to ammonium picrate.

Ecrasite is a bright yellow solid. It is waxy to touch and melts at about 100 °C. When subjected to open flame, it burns without detonation, unless confined. It is insensitive to friction. It requires a detonator for initiation. Its general adoption was hindered by several unexplained explosions during loading into shells, which might have been caused by creation of unstable metal salts of trinitrocresol and/or trinitrophenol when the explosive came in contact with metals or alloys such as copper, brass (widely used for manufacturing detonator parts) and possibly other ones.

References 

Explosives
Roboteer. The word roboteer refers to those with interests or careers in robotics. It dates back to the 1930s and is also used in 'Future Shock' (1970).

The term roboteer was used by Barbara Krasnov for a story on Deb Huglin, owner of the Robotorium, Inc., in New York City in the early 1980s. Huglin was a lightweight-robotics applications consultant, sculptor, and repatriation archeologist. Huglin worked with Jim Henson on the design and uses of the robotic mit controller for his experimental television series "Fraggle Rock".  Huglin died in a fall in the wilderness near Hemet, California in 2008.

See also
Roboticist

References

External links
Debbie the Roboteer on IMDB.

Robotics
Umoe Mandal. Umoe Mandal AS is a shipbuilding company in the Ulltveit-Moe Group. Their shipyards are based at Mandal in Norway.

Founded in 1989 as Kværner Båtservice, later Kværner Mandal, and known as Umoe Mandal since 2000, the company specialises in high-speed naval vessels, mine countermeasure vessels (MCMVs) and fast patrol boats (FPBs). They supply the Royal Norwegian Navy, for whom they are currently in production with the Fast Attack Craft series Skjold.

The company is especially known for its expertise in the use of fibre reinforced plastic (FRP) technology in naval applications. It undertakes the design of naval and commercial vessels in FRP and other advanced composites structures for military applications, as well as shock design, stealth design, and EMI/EMC measures and weight/strength optimisation.

The company also produces a range of special products in its market area, such radar stealth air intakes, carbon fibre composite centrifugal fans and, through its subsidiary Umoe Ryving (established 2003), the design and production of FRP composite blades for the wind turbine industry.

External links
Umoe Mandal company website

Shipbuilding companies of Norway
Shipyards of Norway
Kværner
Mandal, Norway
Manufacturing companies established in 2000
2000 establishments in Norway
3D lookup table. In the film and graphics industries, 3D lookup tables (3D LUTs) are used for color grading and for mapping one color space to another. They are commonly used to calculate preview colors for a monitor or digital projector of how an image will be reproduced on another display device, typically the final digitally projected image or release print of a movie. A 3D LUT is a 3D lattice of output RGB color values that can be indexed by sets of input RGB colour values. Each axis of the lattice represents one of the three input color components and the input color thus defines a point inside the lattice.  Since the point may not be on a lattice point, the lattice values must be interpolated; most products use trilinear interpolation.

3D LUTs are used extensively in the movie production chain, as part of the digital intermediate process.

Cubes may be of various sizes and bit depths.  Often 33×33×33 cubes are used as 3D LUTs.  The most common practice is to use RGB 10-bit/component log images as the input to the 3D LUT. Output is usually RGB values that are to be placed unchanged into a display device's buffer.

Modern graphics cards have direct support for 3D LUTs, allowing entire HD images to be processed at 60 fps or faster.

See also 
 Color calibration
 Color management

References 

Film production
Computer graphics
3U. 3U or 3-U may refer to:

Sichuan Airlines's IATA code
A type of Rack unit
Zerstörergeschwader 26, from its historic Geschwaderkennung code with the Luftwaffe in World War II
A CubeSat measuring 30×10×10 cm
The acronym for the third (3rd) catalog of Uhuru x-ray sources

See also
 U3 (disambiguation)
6U. 6U  or 6-U may refer to:

Aviation 
 Air Ukraine (IATA code:6U)
PW-6U, a model of Politechnika Warszawska PW-6 glider
HY-6U, a model of Xian H-6 jet bomber

Other technologies 
 6U, a rack unit configuration of 10½-inch depth
RG-6/U coaxial electrical cable
6U, a model of Zenit Soviet spy satellite

See also
U6 (disambiguation)
GENERIC formalism. In non-equilibrium thermodynamics, GENERIC is an acronym for General Equation for Non-Equilibrium Reversible-Irreversible Coupling. It is the general form of dynamic equation for a system with both reversible and irreversible dynamics (generated by energy and entropy, respectively). GENERIC formalism is the theory built around the GENERIC equation, which has been proposed in its final form in 1997 by Miroslav Grmela and Hans Christian Öttinger.

GENERIC equation

The GENERIC equation is usually written as

Here:
  denotes a set of variables used to describe the state space. The vector  can also contain variables depending on a continuous index like a temperature field. In general,  is a function , where the set  can contain both discrete and continuous indexes. Example:  for a gas with nonuniform temperature, contained in a volume  ()
 ,  are the system's total energy and entropy. For purely discrete state variables, these are simply functions from  to , for continuously indexed , they are functionals
 ,  are the derivatives of  and . In the discrete case, it is simply the gradient, for continuous variables, it is the functional derivative (a function )
 the Poisson matrix  is an antisymmetric matrix (possibly depending on the continuous indexes) describing the reversible dynamics of the system according to Hamiltonian mechanics. The related Poisson bracket fulfills the Jacobi identity.
 the friction matrix  is a positive semidefinite (and hence symmetric) matrix describing the system's irreversible behaviour.

In addition to the above equation and the properties of its constituents, systems that ought to be properly described by the GENERIC formalism are required to fulfill the degeneracy conditions

which express the conservation of entropy under reversible dynamics and of energy under irreversible dynamics, respectively. The conditions on  (antisymmetry and some others) express that the energy is reversibly conserved, and the condition on  (positive semidefiniteness) express that the entropy is irreversibly non-decreasing.

Related Applications and Simulation Methods
 Viscoelasticity, Complex fluids, Polymers, Soft matter
 Smoothed-particle hydrodynamics
 Stokesian dynamics
 Stochastic Eulerian Lagrangian methods

References

Non-equilibrium thermodynamics
STEP (satellite). The Satellite Test of the Equivalence Principle (STEP) is a proposed () space science experiment to test the equivalence principle of general relativity. The experiment is thought to be sensitive enough to test Einstein's theory of gravity and other theories.

The basic configuration is that of a drag-free satellite where an outer shell around an inner test mass is used to block solar wind, atmospheric drag, the Earth's magnetic field and other effects which might disturb the motion of a freely-falling inner object. It is designed for an expected sensitivity of one part in 1018.

"Research on the STEP accelerometers began in 1971 at Stanford University, and has been supported since 1977 with NASA funding. STEP has been studied twice by ESA at the Phase-A level and has led two other space agencies (CNES and ASI) to study projects aimed at testing the Equivalence Principle in space. STEP is currently undergoing a Phase A study for NASA's office of Space Science Small Explorer program."

See also
 MICROSCOPE (satellite), a similar experiment conducted by CNES

References

External links
 Stanford Page
 STEP: Satellite Test of the Equivalence Principle
 Benjamin Lange, Experimental Gravitational Physics Using Drag-Free Satellites, (2001)

Tests of general relativity
Proposed satellites
.NET My Services. .NET My Services (codenamed Hailstorm) is an abandoned collection of XML-based Web services by Microsoft for storing and retrieving information. NET My Services was announced on March 19, 2001 as part of Microsoft's .NET initiative and was intended to rely on what was then known as a Microsoft Passport, a single sign-in web service now referred to as a Microsoft account.

.NET My Services was a platform intended to facilitate the storage and retrieval of user-related information, such as contacts, calendar information, and e-mail messages, by allowing it to be accessed from a centralized repository across various applications and device types, including traditional desktop PCs, and mobile devices such as laptops, mobile phones, PDAs, and tablet PCs; access to this stored information would be based solely on user discretion. The technology would rely on a subscription-based business model.

Although the technology required a Microsoft Passport, it was based on cross-platform, open standard web services, including SOAP, UDDI, and WS-Discovery, which enabled interoperability with compatible systems without requiring Microsoft Windows.

After .NET My Services was announced on March 19, 2001, Microsoft intended for it to reach broad developer availability at that year's Professional Developers Conference, with  a subsequent end-user release scheduled for 2002. However, due to industry concerns related to anti-competitive behavior and end-user privacy, the company ultimately abandoned the initiative before it could fully materialize.

See also
 Microsoft Office XP
 Smart tags
 Windows Communication Foundation
 WinFS

References

External links
.NET My Services home page

.NET
Discontinued Microsoft products
Microsoft
Microsoft initiatives
Web services
Transistor tester. Transistor testers are instruments for testing the electrical behavior of transistors and solid-state diodes.

Types of tester

There are three types of transistor testers each performing a unique operation.

 Quick-check in-circuit checker
 Service type tester
 Laboratory-standard tester

In addition, curve tracers are reliable indicators of transistor performance.

Circuit Tester 

A circuit tester is used to check whether a transistor which has previously been performing properly in a circuit is still operational. The transistor's ability to "amplify" is taken as a rough index of its performance. This type of tester indicates to a technician whether the transistor is dead or still operative. The advantage of this tester is that the transistor does not have to be removed from the circuit.

Service type transistor testers
These devices usually perform three types of checks:
Forward-current gain, or beta of transistor.
Base-to-collector leakage current with emitter open(ico)
Short circuits from collector to emitter and base.

Some service testers include a go/no-go feature, indicating a pass when a certain hfe is exceeded. These are useful, but fail some functional but low hfe transistors.

Some also provide a means of identifying transistor elements, if these are unknown. The tester has all these features and can check solid-state devices in and out of circuit. 

Transistor hfe varies fairly widely with Ic, so measurements with the service type tester give readings that can differ quite a bit from the hfe in the transistor's real life application. Hence these testers are useful, but can't be regarded as giving accurate real-life hfe values.

Laboratory-standard transistor tester or Analyser 

This type of tester is used for measuring transistor parameters dynamically under various operating conditions. The readings they give are absolute. Among the important characteristics measured are:

Icbo collector current with emitter open (Common base)
ac beta (Common emitter)
Rin (Input resistance)

Transistor testers have the necessary controls and switches for making the proper voltage, current and signal settings. A meter with a calibrated "good" and "bad" scale is on the front.
In addition, these transistor testers are designed to check the solid-state diodes. There are also testers for checking high transistor and rectifiers.

See also
 Load pull, a colloquial term applied to the process of systematically varying the impedance presented to a device under test

References

Transistors
Electronic test equipment
Solution. Solution may refer to:

 Solution (chemistry), a mixture where one substance is dissolved in another
 Solution (equation), in mathematics
 Numerical solution, in numerical analysis, approximate solutions within specified error bounds
 Solution, in problem solving
 A business solution is a method of organizing people and resources that can be sold as a product
 Solution, in solution selling

Other uses
 V-STOL Solution, an ultralight aircraft
 Solution (band), a Dutch rock band
 Solution (Solution album), 1971
 Solution A.D., an American rock band
 Solution (Cui Jian album), 1991
 Solutions (album), a 2019 album by K.Flay

See also
 Nature-based solutions
 The Solution (disambiguation)
Charles Cagniard de la Tour. Baron Charles Cagniard de la Tour (31 March 1777 – 5 July 1859) was a French engineer and physicist. Charles Cagniard was born in Paris, and after attending the École Polytechnique became one of the ingénieurs géographiques. He examined the mechanism of voice-production, invented a blowing machine and contributed to acoustics by inventing an improved siren. He also studied yeast.

In 1822, he discovered the critical point of a substance in his gun barrel experiments. He sealed a flint ball in a sealed gun barrel filled with fluids at various temperatures, and rotated it to hear the splashing sound as it hit the liquid surface. He observed that above a certain temperature, there is no splashing sound. Above this temperature, the densities of the liquid and gas phases become equal and the distinction between them disappears, resulting in a single supercritical fluid phase. After this discovery, he performed quantitative measurements of the critical point of several substances such as water, alcohol, ether and carbon bisulphide.

He was made a baron in 1818, and died in Paris. Despite several claims to the contrary, no portraits of Baron Cagniard de la Tour exist.

Research 

He was the author of numerous inventions, including the cagniardelle, a blowing machine, which consists essentially of an Archimedean screw set obliquely in a tank of water in such a way that its lower end is completely and its upper end partially immersed, and operated by being rotated in the opposite direction to that required for raising water.

He invented the improved siren, which was named after him, around 1819 and he used it for ascertaining the number of vibrations corresponding to a sound of any particular pitch. He also made experiments on the mechanism of voice-production.

In course of an investigation in 1822–1823 on the effects of heat and pressure on certain liquids he found that for each there was a certain temperature above which it refused to remain liquid but passed into the gaseous state, no matter what the amount of pressure to which it was subjected, and in the case of water he determined this critical temperature to be 362 °C (modern figure is 373.946 °C). He also studied the nature of yeast and the influence of extreme cold upon its life.

Notes

References
Attribution:

Further reading
B. Berche, M. Henkel and R. Kenna, "Critical Phenomena: 150 Years since Cagniard de la Tour", Journal of Physical Studies 13 (2009) 3201 (http://www.arxiv.org/abs/0905.1886)

1777 births
1859 deaths
French physicists
Members of the French Academy of Sciences
Caledonian Railway 498 Class. The Caledonian Railway 498 Class was a class of s built for dock shunting.  They were designed by John F. McIntosh for the Caledonian Railway (CR) and introduced in 1911. Twenty-three were built. They passed to the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) in 1923 and to British Railways (BR) in 1948. Their numbers are shown in the table below.

The 498 Class was the prototype for the popular 3 1/2" gauge live steam locomotive design 'Rob Roy' by Martin Evans.

Numbering table

The engines were withdrawn between 1958 and 1962.

See also
 Locomotives of the Caledonian Railway
 Locomotives of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway

References

External links 
 Railuk database

498
0-6-0T locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1911
Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain
Shunting locomotives
Scrapped locomotives
Hamiltonian fluid mechanics. Hamiltonian fluid mechanics is the application of Hamiltonian methods to fluid mechanics. Note that this formalism only applies to nondissipative fluids.

Irrotational barotropic flow
Take the simple example of a barotropic, inviscid vorticity-free fluid.

Then, the conjugate fields are the mass density field ρ and the velocity potential φ. The Poisson bracket is given by

and the Hamiltonian by:

where e is the internal energy density, as a function of ρ. 
For this barotropic flow, the internal energy is related to the pressure p by:

where an apostrophe ('), denotes differentiation with respect to ρ.

This Hamiltonian structure gives rise to the following two equations of motion:

where  is the velocity and is vorticity-free. The second equation leads to the Euler equations:

after exploiting the fact that the vorticity is zero:

As fluid dynamics is described by non-canonical dynamics, which possess an infinite amount of Casimir invariants, an alternative formulation of Hamiltonian formulation of fluid dynamics can be introduced through the use of Nambu mechanics

See also
Luke's variational principle
Hamiltonian field theory

Notes

References

Fluid dynamics
Hamiltonian mechanics
Dynamical systems