omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
NEC RISCstation. The NEC RISCstation was a line of computer workstations made by NEC in the mid-1990s, based on MIPS RISC microprocessors and designed to run Microsoft Windows NT. A series of nearly identical machines were also sold by NEC in headless (i.e., no video card or framebuffer) configuration as the RISCserver series, and were intended for use as Windows NT workgroup servers.

The RISCstation 2000 was announced in June 1994 by NEC with an availability slated for the end of that summer with the release of Windows NT "Daytona" at a price between US$6000 to US$10000.

Historical development

The RISCstations were based on a modified Jazz architecture licensed from MIPS Computer Systems, Inc. (and which was originally designed by Microsoft). Although architecturally similar to contemporaneous Intel 80386-based personal computers (including, for example, a PCI bus), the RISCstations were faster than the Pentium-based workstations of the time.

Although based on the Jazz design, the RISCstations did not use the G364 framebuffer, instead using a S3 Vision 968-based video card or a 3Dlabs GLiNT-based adapter in a PCI slot.

Form factor
All RISCstations used a standard IBM AT-style tower or minitower case, a motherboard which also met the AT form factor standard, and PCI peripherals (such as the video card) for peripheral expansion.

Operating systems
Several operating systems supported RISCstations.

Like all Jazz-based MIPS computers (such as the MIPS Magnum), the RISCstations ran the ARC console firmware to boot Windows NT in little-endian mode. The MIPS III architecture was capable of either little-endian or big-endian operation.

However, Microsoft stopped supporting the MIPS architecture in Windows NT after version 4.0. RISCstations ceased production in 1996.

In addition to Windows NT, NEC ported a version of Unix System V to the RISCstation.

Although support is lacking from Linux/MIPS for the RISCstation series, they are supported by NetBSD as NetBSD/arc and had been supported by OpenBSD, prior to the termination of the port in 1998.

Models
The RISCstation line included:
RISCstation Image - Acer PICA OEM
RISCstation 2000
Dual-processor SMP system with two 150 MHz MIPS R4400 microprocessors
EISA
NCR53C700 SCSI
RISCstation 2200
Single-processor system with a MIPS R4400 microprocessor
RISCstation 2250
RISCstation 4400
Dual-processor SMP system with two 250 MHz MIPS R4400 microprocessors

Pricing
In March, 1995, a dual-CPU configuration of the RISCstation 2000 was priced at about $14,000, and came equipped with two 150 MHz MIPS R4400 CPUs, 64 MB of RAM, a 1 GB SCSI hard drive, a 3x CD-ROM drive and a 17-inch NEC-brand CRT monitor.

References

External links
  A press release detailing features and prices of RISCstation 2200 in 1995
  An article from BYTE Magazine comparing the RISCstation 2000 to competing Windows NT workstations

Advanced RISC Computing
Computer workstations
MIPS architecture
Riscstation
64-bit computers
EMD FP9. The EMD FP9 is an American , B-B dual-service passenger and freight-hauling diesel locomotive that was produced between February 1954 and December 1959 by General Motors Electro-Motive Division, and General Motors Diesel. Final assembly was at GM-EMD's La Grange, Illinois plant, except for Canadian orders, which were assembled by Canadian subsidiary GMD at London, Ontario. The FP9 was essentially EMD's F9 locomotive extended by  to give greater steam generator and water capacity for hauling passenger trains. A total of 90 cab-equipped lead A units were built; unlike the freight series, no cabless booster B units were sold. Regular F9B units were sometimes used with FP9 A units, since they, lacking cabs, had more room for water and steam generators. The FP9 and its predecessor, the FP7, were offshoots of GM-EMD's highly successful F-unit series of cab unit diesel locomotives.

Original buyers

Locomotives built by EMD at La Grange, Illinois

Locomotives built by GMD at London, Ontario

See also 

VIA FP9ARM
EMD F9
EMD FL9
List of GM-EMD locomotives
List of GMD Locomotives

References

Bibliography

External links 

 Trainweb.com (2004) EMD F9A, F9B, FP9, FL9 Order Numbers, retrieved on January 4, 2004.
 EMD FP9 Data Sheet

B-B locomotives
F09P
F09P
Passenger locomotives
Diesel–electric locomotives of the United States
Railway locomotives introduced in 1954
Standard gauge locomotives of the United States
Diesel–electric locomotives of Canada
Diesel–electric locomotives of Saudi Arabia
Standard gauge locomotives of Canada
Standard gauge locomotives of Mexico
Standard gauge locomotives of Saudi Arabia
Diesel–electric locomotives of Mexico
Streamlined diesel locomotives
Integrated Data Store. Integrated Data Store (IDS) was an early  network database management system largely used by industry, known for its high performance. IDS became the basis for the CODASYL Data Base Task Group standards.

IDS was designed in the 1960s at the computer division of  General Electric (which later became Honeywell Information Systems) by Charles Bachman, who received the Turing Award from the Association for Computing Machinery for its creation, in 1973.
The software was released in 1964 for the GE 235 computer.
By 1965, a network version for the customer  Weyerhaeuser Lumber was in operation.

IDS/II, introduced in 1975, was a .  At this time the original version was labeled IDS/I.

It was not easy to use or implement applications with IDS, because it was designed to maximize performance using the hardware available at that time. However, that weakness was equally its strength because skilful implementations of IDS-type databases, such as British Telecom's huge CSS project (an IDMS database servicing more than 10 billion transactions per year), show levels of performance on terabyte-sized databases that are unmatchable by all relational database implementations. Charles Bachman's innovative design work continues to find state-of-the-art application with major commercial operations.

Later, BF Goodrich Chemical Co., rewrote the entire system to make it more usable, calling the result integrated data management system (IDMS).

See also
 Navigational Database

References

External links
 

Proprietary database management systems
General Electric mainframe computers
Honeywell mainframe computers
Mainframe computer software
MIPS RISC/os. RISC/os is a discontinued UNIX operating system developed by MIPS Computer Systems, Inc. from 1985 to 1992, for their computer workstations and servers, including such models as the MIPS M/120 server and MIPS Magnum workstation. It was also known as UMIPS or MIPS OS.

RISC/os was mainly based on UNIX System V with additions from 4.3BSD UNIX, ported to the MIPS architecture. It was a "dual-universe" operating system, meaning it had separate, switchable runtime environments that were compatible with either System V Release 3 or 4.3BSD. MIPS OS was one of the first 32-bit operating systems for RISC-based workstation-class computers. It was also one of the first 64-bit Unix releases for RISC based microprocessors, with the first 64-bit versions appearing in 1990. MIPS OS supported full 32-bit and 64-bit applications simultaneously using the underlying hardware architecture supporting the MIPS-IV instruction set. Later releases added support for System V Release 4 compatibility, R6000 processor support and later symmetric multiprocessing support on the R4400 and R6000 processors.

During the early 1990s, several vendors including DEC, Silicon Graphics, and Ardent licensed portions of the software MIPS had written for the RISC/os for their own Unix variants.  Evans & Sutherland licensed RISC/os directly for its ESV series workstations.  MIPS' influence was most visible as the C compiler and development tools shared by virtually all commercial Unixes for the MIPS processor, the low memory operating system code, and the ROM code for MIPS processors.

Because of its early UNIX heritage, RISC/os was limited in comparison to modern UNIX variants for example, even the last releases of RISC/os did not support shared libraries.

In July 1992, Silicon Graphics purchased MIPS Computer Systems for $220M. Support for RISC/os was subsequently phased out.

See also
 Timeline of operating systems

References

Discontinued operating systems
MIPS operating systems
MIPS Technologies
UNIX System V
Unix variants
ARC (specification). Advanced RISC Computing (ARC) is a specification promulgated by a defunct consortium of computer manufacturers (the Advanced Computing Environment project), setting forth a standard MIPS RISC-based computer hardware and firmware environment. The firmware on Alpha machines that are compatible with ARC is known as AlphaBIOS, non-ARC firmware on Alpha is known as SRM.

History 
Although ACE went defunct, and no computer was ever manufactured which fully complied with the ARC standard, the ARC system has a widespread legacy in that all operating systems in the Windows NT family use ARC conventions for naming boot devices. SGI's modified version of the ARC firmware is named ARCS. All SGI computers which run IRIX 6.1 or later, such as the Indy and Octane, boot from an ARCS console, which uses the same drive naming conventions as Windows. Most of the various RISC-based computers designed to run Windows NT have versions of the ARC boot console to boot NT. These include the following:
 MIPS R4000-based systems such as the MIPS Magnum workstation
 all Alpha-based machines with a PCI bus designed prior to the end of support for Windows NT Alpha in September 1999 (the Alpha ARC firmware is also known as AlphaBIOS; non-ARC Alphas use SRM console instead)
 most Windows NT-capable PowerPC computers (such as the IBM RS/6000 40P).

It was predicted that Intel IA-32-based computers would adopt the ARC console, although only SGI ever marketed such machines with ARC firmware (namely, the SGI Visual Workstation series, which launched in 1999).

Comparison with UEFI 
Compared to UEFI, the ARC firmware also included support for FAT, boot variables, C-calling interface. It did not include the same level of extensibility as UEFI and the same level of governance like with the UEFI Forum.

List of partially ARC compatible computers 
Products complying (to some degree) with the ARC standard include these:

Alpha
DEC Multia and AlphaStation/AlphaServer
DeskStation Raptor
i386
SGI Visual Workstation
MIPS
Acer PICA
Carrera Computers, Inc Cobra R4000 and VIPER
Digital DECstation 5000
DeskStation Tyne
Microsoft Jazz
MIPS Magnum
Olivetti M700
NEC RISCstation
NeTpower Fastseries MP
SGI Indigo², Indy, Challenge, Onyx, Origin etc. Big-Endian ARCS
Siemens-Nixdorf RM200, RM300, RM400
PowerPC
IBM Personal Computer Power Series 850/830 PReP
IBM RS/6000 40P, 43P, E20, F30
 Motorola PowerStack
 Tangent MediaStar

References

External links
 ARC on www.linux-mips.org
 Advanced RISC Computing Specification Version 1.2

 
Computer hardware standards
Bob Scheifler. Robert William Scheifler (born June 24, 1954) is an American computer scientist. He was born in Kirkwood, Missouri. He is most notable for leading the development of the X Window System from the project's inception in 1984 until the closure of the MIT X Consortium in 1996.  He later
became one of the architects of the Jini architecture at Sun Microsystems.

Scheifler holds a B.S. in Mathematics and an M.S. in computer science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

References

External links
 Bob Scheifler, LinkedIn

1954 births
Living people
People from Kirkwood, Missouri
Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science alumni
X Window System people
Sun Microsystems people
Free software programmers
American computer programmers
American computer scientists
MIT School of Engineering alumni
Dibenzofuran. Dibenzofuran is a heterocyclic organic compound with the chemical structure shown at right. It is an aromatic compound that has two benzene rings fused to a central furan ring. All the numbered carbon atoms have a hydrogen atom bonded to each of them. It is a volatile white solid that is soluble in nonpolar organic solvents.  It is obtained from coal tar, where it exists as a 1% component.

Reactions
Dibenzofuran is thermally robust with a convenient liquid range. These properties, together with its low toxicity, are exploited by the use of DBF as a heat transfer agent.

It undergoes electrophilic reactions, such as halogenation and Friedel-Crafts reactions.  Reaction of DBF with butyl lithium results in dilithiation.

Dibenzofuran is the precursor to the drug furobufen by Friedel-Crafts reaction with succinic anhydride.

Safety
Dibenzofuran is a relatively non-toxic compound as evidenced by rats being unaffected after a 200-day diet consisting of 0.025 – 0.4% of DBF.  The polychlorinated dibenzofurans are however among the potentially toxic dioxins and dioxin-like compounds.

Dibenzofuran is cited in the United States Clean Air Act 1990 Amendments -Hazardous Air Pollutants as a volatile hazardous air pollutant of potential concern. The Superfund Amendment Reauthorization Act (SARA) Section 110 placed dibenzofuran on the revised Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) priority list of hazardous substances to be the subject of a toxicological profile. The listing was based on the substance’s frequency of occurrence at Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) National Priorities List sites, its toxicity, and/or its potential for human exposure.

See also
 Benzofuran

References

 
Diphenyl ethers
Roger S. Pressman. Roger S. Pressman is an American software engineer, author and consultant, and President of R.S. Pressman & Associates. He is also Founder and Director of Engineering for EVANNEX, a company that sells parts and accessories for electric vehicles.

He received a BSE from the University of Connecticut, an MS from the University of Bridgeport and a PhD from the University of Connecticut. He has over 40 years of experience working as a software engineer, a manager, a professor, an author, and a consultant, focusing on software engineering issues. He has been on the Editorial Boards of IEEE Software and The Cutter IT Journal. He is a member of the IEEE and Tau Beta Pi. Pressman has designed and developed products that are used worldwide for software engineering training and process improvement.

As an entrepreneur, Pressman founded EVANNEX, a company specializing in aftermarket accessories for electric vehicles with a strong emphasis of Tesla Model S, Model X, Model 3,  Model Y and CyberTruck.  Since the founding of EVANNEX in 2013, Pressman has designed and developed a variety of custom aftermarket products for Tesla vehicles that are manufactured at EVANNEX's Florida location.

Publications 
Roger Pressman has authored papers, articles and books on technical and management subjects. His books include:
 1977. Numerical control and computer-aided manufacturing
 1982. Software engineering : a practitioner's approach (first edition)
 1988. Making software engineering happen : a guide for instituting the technology.
 1988. Software engineering : a beginner's guide.  
 1989. Software engineering : a practitioner's approach (second edition)
 1991. Software shock : the danger & the opportunity
 1993. A Manager's Guide to Software Engineering 
 2009. Web engineering : a practitioner's approach
 2010. The Aymara Bridge (a novel)
 2011. The Puppeteer (a novel)
 2017. Getting Ready for Model 3
 2020. Software engineering : a practitioner's approach (ninth edition)

References

External links 
 Official Website

Pressman
American software engineers
University of Connecticut alumni
University of Bridgeport alumni
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
ARCS (computing). ARCS is a firmware bootloader (also known as a PROM console) used in most computers produced by SGI since the beginning of the 1990s.

The ARCS system is loosely compliant with the Advanced RISC Computing (ARC) standard, promulgated by the Advanced Computing Environment consortium in the early 1990s. In another sense, the ARC standard is based on SGI's ARCS, which was used as a basis for generating the ARC standard itself, although ARC calls for a little-endian system while ARCS system is big-endian on all MIPS-based systems.  Despite various inconsistencies between the two, both SGI's ARCS implementations and the ARC standard share many commonalities (such as device naming, calling conventions, etc.).

Most of the computers which use the ARCS firmware are based on the MIPS line of microprocessors. The SGI Visual Workstation series, which is based on the Intel Pentium III, also uses ARCS. The Visual Workstation series is the only commercially produced x86-compatible system which used an ARCS firmware, rather than the traditional PC BIOS used in most Intel 386-lineage machines.

A list of product lines which use the ARCS console includes:
SGI Indigo (R4000/R4400) (IP20)
SGI Indigo2 (and Challenge M) (IP22)
SGI Indy (and Challenge S) (IP24)
SGI Onyx (IP19/IP21/IP25)
SGI Indigo2 R8000 (IP26)
SGI Indigo2 R10000 (IP28)
SGI O2 (IP32)
SGI Octane (IP30)
SGI Origin 200 (IP27)
SGI Origin 2000 (IP27/IP31)
SGI Onyx2 (IP27/IP31)
SGI Fuel (IP35)
SGI Tezro (IP35)
SGI Origin 300 (IP35)
SGI Origin 350 (IP35)
SGI Origin 3000 (IP27/IP35)
SGI Onyx 300 (IP35)
SGI Onyx 350 (IP35)
SGI Onyx 3000 (IP27/IP35)
SGI Onyx4 (IP35)
SGI Visual Workstation models 320 and 540 (later models were BIOS-based PCs)

References

Boot loaders
Advanced RISC Computing
Jazz (computer). The Jazz computer architecture is a motherboard and chipset design originally developed by Microsoft for use in developing Windows NT. The design was eventually used as the basis for most MIPS-based Windows NT systems.

In part because Microsoft intended NT to be portable between various microprocessor architectures, the MIPS RISC architecture was chosen for one of the first development platforms for the NT project in the late 1980s/early 1990s. However, around 1990, the existing MIPS-based systems (such as the TURBOchannel-equipped DECstation or the SGI Indigo) varied drastically from standard Intel personal computers such as the IBM AT—for example, neither used the ISA bus so common in Intel 386-class machines.

For those and other reasons, Microsoft decided to design their own MIPS-based hardware platform on which to develop NT, which resulted in the Jazz architecture. Later, Microsoft sold this architecture design to the MIPS Computer Systems, Inc. where it became the MIPS Magnum.

Architecture
The Jazz systems were designed to partially comply with the Advanced RISC Computing (ARC) standard, and each used the ARC firmware to boot Windows NT. Other operating systems were also ported to various Jazz implementations, such as RISC/os to the MIPS Magnum.

The Jazz architecture includes:
 a MIPS R4000/R4400 or compatible microprocessor
 an EISA bus
 a framebuffer for video output (the G364 framebuffer)
 PS/2 connectors for mouse and keyboard
 a floppy-disk controller
 onboard 16-bit sound system
 onboard National Semiconductor SONIC Ethernet
 onboard NCR 53C9x SCSI chipset for hard disk and CD-ROM interface
 standard IBM AT serial and parallel ports
 IBM AT-style time-of-year clock

This design was simple enough and powerful enough that a majority of Windows NT-capable MIPS systems were based on modified versions of the Jazz architecture. A list of systems which more or less were based on Jazz includes:
 MIPS Magnum (R4000 PC-50 and SC-50 versions)
 Acer PICA uses S3 videocard
 Olivetti M700 has different video and sound system
 NEC RISCstation Jazz with PCI

Systems
There were also some MIPS systems designed to run Windows NT and comply with the ARC standard, but nevertheless were not based on the Jazz platform:
 DeskStation Tyne
 NeTpower FASTseries Falcon
 ShaBLAMM! NiTro-VLB
 Siemens-Nixdorf RM-200, RM-300 and RM-400

References

External links 
 Linux-MIPS Jazz article
 NetBSD/arc

Advanced RISC Computing
Microsoft hardware
MIPS architecture
Motherboard
GXemul. Gavare's eXperimental Emulator (formerly known as mips64emul) is a computer architecture
emulator being developed by Anders Gavare. It is
available as free software under a revised BSD-style license.
In 2005, Gavare changed the name of the software project
from mips64emul to GXemul. This was to avoid giving the impression that the emulator
was confined to the MIPS architecture, which was the
only architecture being emulated initially.

Although development of the emulator is still a work-in-progress, since 2004 it
has been stable enough to let various unmodified guest operating systems run
as if they were running on real hardware. Currently emulated processor architectures include
ARM, MIPS, M88K, PowerPC, and SuperH.
Guest operating systems that have been verified to work inside the emulator
are NetBSD, OpenBSD, Linux, HelenOS, Ultrix, and
Sprite.

Apart from running entire guest operating systems, the emulator can also be used
for experiments on a smaller scale, such as hobby operating system
development, or it can be used as a general debugger.

Dynamic translation 
GXemul's processor emulation uses dynamic translation, to convert the
emulated processor's instructions into an intermediate representation (IR).
The IR is in a format which can be executed by the host. In other words, it
should be possible to port the emulator to new host architectures with just
a recompilation; there is no need to implement a native code generation backend
for each host architecture to get it running.

See also 

 QEMU
 SIMH
 PearPC
 Bochs
 Comparison of platform virtualization software

External links 
 The GXemul homepage
 NetBSD's Emulator page

Free emulation software
Multi-emulators
PowerPC emulators