omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Nuclear spectroscopy. Nuclear spectroscopy is a superordinate concept of methods that uses properties of a nucleus to probe material properties. By emission or absorption of radiation from the nucleus information of the local structure is obtained, as an interaction of an atom with its closest neighbours. Or a radiation spectrum of the nucleus is detected. Most methods base on hyperfine interactions, which are the interaction of the nucleus with its interaction of its atom's electrons and their interaction with the nearest neighbor atoms as well as external fields. Nuclear spectroscopy is mainly applied to solids and liquids, rarely in gases. Its methods are important tools in condensed matter physics, solid state chemistry., and analysis of chemical composition (analytical chemistry).

Methods 
In nuclear physics these methods are used to study properties of the nucleus itself.

Methods for studies of the nucleus:
 Gamma spectroscopy
 Hypernuclear spectroscopy

Methods for condensed matter studies:
 Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
 Mössbauer spectroscopy
 Perturbed angular correlation (PAC, TDPAC, PAC spectroscopy)
 Muon spin spectroscopy
 Nuclear orientation
 Channeling
 Nuclear reaction analysis
 Nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR)

Methods for trace element analysis:
 Neutron activation analysis (NAA)
 Associated particle imaging (API)

References

Spectroscopy
Scientific techniques
Boiler design. Boiler design is the process of designing boilers used for various purposes. The main function of a boiler is to heat water to generate steam. Steam produced in a boiler can be used for a variety of purposes including space heating, sterilisation, drying, humidification and power generation. The temperature or condition of steam required for these applications is different, so boiler designs vary accordingly.

Modern design benefits 

Modern boiler design offers several benefits. In the past, improper design of boilers has caused explosions which led to loss of life and property. Modern designs attempt to avoid such mishaps.  Further, mathematical modeling can determine how much space a boiler will need and the type of materials to be used.  When the design specifications of a boiler are determined, design engineers can estimate a cost and time schedule for the construction.

Boiler design may be based upon:
 Production of a maximum quantity of steam with minimal fuel consumption
 Economic feasibility of installation
 Minimal operator attention required during operation
 Capability for quick starting
 Conformity to safety regulations
 Quality of raw water : how hard or soft the water is will determine the material of the boiler.
 Heat source - the fuel to be burned and its ash properties or the process material from which the heat is to be recovered.
 Capacity/steam output required, usually measured in tonnes per hour or kg/s.
 Steam condition - pressure, temperature, etc.
 Safety considerations
 Mechanical constraints
 Cost restrictions
 Monetary cost
 Tensile strength of material must be considered while using any joining processes.

Accessories and mountings are devices which form an integral part of boiler but are not mounted on it. They include economizers, superheaters, feed pumps and air pre-heaters. Accessories help in controlling and running the boiler efficiently.  Certain common mountings (specifically those required by the Indian Boiler Act) include:
 Feed check valve - regulates the flow of water into the boiler and prevents the back flow of water in case of failure of the feed pump.
 Steam stop valve - regulates the flow of steam that is produced in the boiler to the steam pipe, and may also be used to stop the supply of steam from the boiler
 Fusible plug - placed at the lowest level of water and above the combustion chamber, its function is to extinguish the fire as soon as the water level in the shell of the boiler falls below a certain marked level.
 Blow-off cock - removes water from the shell at regular intervals to remove the various impurities that may be settled at the bottom of the shell.
 Safety valves - automatically prevent the steam pressure from exceeding safe levels
 Water-level indicators - indicate the level of water in the shell.

References

Bibliography
 Malek, Mohammad A. (2005.) "Power boiler design, inspection, and repair: ASME code simplified." McGraw-Hill. ISBN
 Stromeyer, C.E. (1893.) "Marine boiler management and construction." Longmans, Green, and Co.
Outdoor wood-fired boiler

Boilers
Design
TeST TST-3 Alpin T. The TeST TST-3 Alpin T () is a Czech shoulder-wing, T-tailed, single-seat glider and motor glider that was designed and produced by TeST of Brno.

Design and development
The TST-3 was produced in many forms, including as plans and kits or various levels of completion for amateur construction and also as a factory completed aircraft. It was produced as a motor glider with a retractable engine and also as a pure glider. Production is complete and the type is no longer available.

The TST-3 is of mixed construction, using fibreglass, wood and aircraft fabric covering. The  span wing is equipped with winglets and a Wortmann FX 61-184 airfoil. The tractor configuration Hirth F-33  motor is mounted on a strut that retracts aft into a bay behind the cockpit and is enclosed by two doors. A Rotax 503 of  was optional. The landing gear is retractable monowheel gear.

Two were reported to have been completed by December 2000. In December 1998 the glider version was US$13,000. In December 2000 the kit was US$10,000, complete aircraft US$23,300 and the plans US$350. In 2004 the complete aircraft was €22,880.

Variants
TST-3 Alpine TM
Motorized version

Specifications (TST-3 Alpin TM)

See also

References

External links
Photo of TST-3

TST-3
1990s Czech and Czechoslovak sailplanes
Homebuilt aircraft
Shoulder-wing aircraft
Motor gliders
T-tail aircraft
TeST TST-6 Duo. The TeST TST-6 Duo is a Czech shoulder-wing, two-seats in side-by-side configuration motor glider that was designed and produced by TeST of Brno.

Design and development
The TST-6 was designed as a two-place touring motorglider. Production is complete and the aircraft is no longer available.

The TST-6 is of mixed wood and fibreglass construction. The  span forward-swept wings feature both top surface air brakes and flaps and employ a Wortmann FX 61-184 airfoil. The two occupants are housed in a  wide cockpit, under a single piece bubble canopy that is rear-hinged and are provided with dual controls and adjustable rudder pedals. Both the wings and tailplane are removable for transportation or storage. The landing gear is fixed tricycle gear and fits wheel pants. The standard engine provided was the custom M-215 of , although other similar engines of  can be fitted, including the  Rotax 582. The engine is nose-mounted in tractor configuration and drives a three-bladed, ground adjustable, wooden-bladed propeller.

The aircraft was available as plans, a standard 400 hour construction kit, a 300-hour construction "Express-Built" kit or as factory-completed and ready-to-fly. In 1998 the factory-completed aircraft, less engine, was US$18,000. In December 2000 the complete aircraft with Rotax 582 powerplant was US$29,500, the aircraft without engine was US$21,200 and plans were US$350.

Specifications (TST-6)

See also

References

TST-6
1990s Czech and Czechoslovak sailplanes
Homebuilt aircraft
Motor gliders
Shoulder-wing aircraft
Himalaya Higher Secondary School, Damak, Jhapa. Himalaya Secondary School is a school in Damak, Nepal. It is situated at Damak-2. This secondary school was founded in 2012 B.S. It is the oldest school in the history of current Damak Municipality. It is a school with class up to 12 and carries out different higher secondary level programs on Science, Humanities, Education and Management. 

Himalaya Higher Secondary School also offers the Computer Engineering(High-School, 9-12th grade course) in school level and is the only few schools to provide so in Jhapa District along with Shree Saraswati Secondary School, Damak-9, Jhapa and Janata Ma Vi, Gauradaha. This course is affiliated from National Examinations Board(NEB).

Academic Offerings
1. Secondary level and primary level schooling in English.
2. Computer Engineering in School
3. Management(With/Without computer science)
4. Science(Without computer science)
4. Education Faculty
5. Humanities

Donors

References 

Schools in Nepal
MINLOG. MINLOG is a proof assistant developed at the University of Munich by the team of Helmut Schwichtenberg.

MINLOG is based on first order natural deduction calculus. It is intended to reason about computable functionals, using minimal rather than classical or intuitionistic logic. The primary motivation behind MINLOG is to exploit the proofs-as-programs paradigm for program development and program verification. Proofs are, in fact, treated as first-class objects, which can be normalized. If a formula is existential, then its proof can be used for reading off an instance of it or changed appropriately for program development by proof transformation. To this end, MINLOG is equipped with tools to extract functional programs directly from proof terms. This also applies to non-constructive proofs, using a refined A-translation. The system is supported by automatic proof search and normalization by evaluation as an efficient term rewriting device.

External links
 MINLOG homepage

Proof assistants
TRV Tuna (801). TRV Tuna (801) was one of three Torpedo Recovery Vessels operated by the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) and Defence Maritime Services (DMS). Ordered in 1969, the vessel, originally identified as TRV 253, was completed in 1970 and assigned to the torpedo firing range at Jervis Bay. The ship received a name and the pennant number "TRV 801" in 1983. In 1988, the three vessels were sold to DMS. Tuna was assigned to the naval base at  in Jervis Bay. Tuna was active in DMS service as of 2007.

Design and construction

The class was ordered in 1969 as replacements for World War II-era torpedo recovery vessels.

The vessels each have a full load displacement of , a length of , a beam of , and a draught of . Propulsion machinery consists of three GM V8 diesels, which supply  to the three propeller shafts. Top speed is , and the vessels have an endurance of 63 hours at . Each Fish-class vessel can recover up to eight torpedoes via a watertight stern gate. They are unarmed, and their sensor suite is limited to an I-band navigational radar. Nine personnel make up the crew.

Three vessels were built at Williamstown Dockyard for the Royal Australian Navy, with TRV 253 completed in 1970.

Operational history
On entering service, TRV 253 was assigned to the target range at Jervis Bay. In addition to torpedo recovery, the vessels were used as dive tenders and as training vessels for the Royal Australian Naval Reserve.

In 1983, the boats were named and redesignated, with TRV 253 become Tuna, with the pennant number "TRV 801".

In 1988, the three vessels were sold to DMS. As part of the company's role in providing maritime support for the RAN, Tuna was assigned to the nearby naval base . Tuna was still active with DMS as of 2007, but was no longer listed as active by 2012.

Citations

References

Ships built in Victoria (state)
Fish-class torpedo recovery vessels
TRV Tailor (803). TRV Tailor (803) was one of three Torpedo Recovery Vessels operated by the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) and Defence Maritime Services (DMS). Ordered in 1969, the vessel, originally identified as TRV 255, was completed in 1971 and assigned to the naval base  in Sydney. The ship received a name and the pennant number "TRV 803" in 1983. In 1988, the three vessels were sold to DMS. Tailor was assigned to the naval base  in Jervis Bay NSW. Tailor was decommissioned in 2018.

Design and construction

The class was ordered in 1969 as replacements for World War II-era torpedo recovery vessels.

The vessels each have a full load displacement of , a length of , a beam of , and a draught of . Propulsion machinery consists of three GM V8 diesels, which supply  to the three propeller shafts. Top speed is , and the vessels have an endurance of 63 hours at . Each Fish-class vessel can recover up to eight torpedoes via a watertight stern gate.<ref name=Gillett104.5>Gillett, 'Australian and New Zealand Warships since 1946, pp. 104–5</ref> They are unarmed, and their sensor suite is limited to an I-band navigational radar. Nine personnel make up the crew.

Three vessels were built at Williamstown Dockyard for the Royal Australian Navy, with TRV 255 completed in April 1971.Saunders (ed.), IHS Jane's Fighting Ships 2012–2013, p. 36

Operational history
On entering service, TRV 255 was assigned to the naval base  in Sydney. In addition to torpedo recovery, the vessels were used as dive tenders and as training vessels for the Royal Australian Naval Reserve.

In 1983, the boats were named and redesignated, with TRV 255 become Tailor, with the pennant number "TRV 803".

In 1988, the three vessels were sold to DMS. As part of the company's role in providing maritime support for the RAN, Tailor was assigned as a tender to  in Western Australia. Tailor'' was still active with DMS as of 2012.

In 2018, TRV Tailor was decommissioned and put up for sale to the public.

Citations

References

Ships built in Victoria (state)
Fish-class torpedo recovery vessels
Google Flights. Google Flights is an online flight booking search service that facilitates the purchase of airline tickets through third-party suppliers. It was launched by Google in 2011 following a buyout. It is now part of Google Travel.

History
In April 2011, the United States Department of Justice Antitrust Division approved Google's $700 million purchase of ITA Software.  On September 13, 2011, Google launched Google Flights, which used algorithms gained from this purchase.

Features
An innovation of Google Flights is that it allows open-ended searches based on criteria other than the destination; for example, a user may search for flights within a range of times and a budget and be offered various destination choices. Alternatively, a user can select a destination, and Google Flights will calculate every price for each day of the next 12 months, visualized in a graph or table. This allows users to easily spot the cheapest date to fly to the destination.

Google Flights also enables its users to calculate the climate impact of their flight, but in July 2022, this tool changed the way of calculating the climate impact of flights. All the global warming impacts of flying except the  emission were excluded from the calculation, halving the calculated climate impact of each flight. This move faced a backlash from environmental activists and the scientific community.

Response
The service was immediately compared to competitors such as Expedia, Orbitz, Kayak.com, and Bing.

Shortly after the site launched, Expedia testified to the Senate Judiciary Antitrust Subcommittee that Google failed to keep a promise to rank Google Flight listings below the listings of competitors in a Google search.

International availability 

 Albania
 Armenia
 Australia
 Azerbaijan
 Belarus
 Belgium
 Bosnia and Herzegovina
 Brazil
 Bulgaria
 Canada
 Chile
 Croatia
 Cyprus
 Czech Republic
 Estonia
 Finland
 France
 Georgia
 Germany
 Greece
 Greenland
 Honduras
 Hong Kong
 Hungary
 Iceland
 India
 Indonesia
 Ireland
 Israel
 Italy
 Latvia
 Lithuania
 Luxembourg
 Macedonia
 Malaysia
Mauritius
 Mexico
 Moldova
 Montenegro
 Netherlands
 New Zealand
 Nigeria
 Norway
 Oman
 Peru
 Poland
 Portugal
 Romania
 Russia
 Serbia
 South Africa
 Singapore
 Slovakia
 Slovenia
 Spain
 Sweden
 Taiwan
 Turkey
 Switzerland
 Ukraine
 United Kingdom
 United States

References

External links
 

Online travel agencies
American travel websites
Travel ticket search engines
Flights
Internet properties established in 2011
JNR Class B20. The Class B20 is a type of 0-4-0T steam locomotive built for the Japanese Government Railways during the period 1944–47. They were built by Tateyama Heavy Industries who manufactured a total of fifteen Class B20 locomotives.

Preserved examples
 B20 1 - Iwamizawa, Hokkaidō
 B20 10 - At Umekoji Steam Locomotive Museum in Kyoto.

See also
 Japan Railways locomotive numbering and classification

1067 mm gauge locomotives of Japan
Steam locomotives of Japan
0-4-0T locomotives
Preserved steam locomotives of Japan
Railway locomotives introduced in 1944
Shunting locomotives
Hathaway Ranch & Oil Museum. The Hathaway Ranch & Oil Museum in Santa Fe Springs, California is a museum of five generations of Hathaway family and Southern California history.  The five-acre facility includes hundreds of artifacts and buildings showing the initial usage of the land in farming and ranching, as well as the major transition when oil was discovered in the area.

The property includes a machine shop with multiple antique machine tools that are powered with flat belts from an overhead line shaft.  This system, which allowed all the machinery to be powered by one steam engine, rather than individual electric motors on the machines, was common in machine shops a century ago.  The shop is fully intact from when it was in use, and looks as though the machinist just stepped out for a moment.

The property has a 1933 Spanish-Mediterranean-style ranch house on it, as well as another home, in which members of the Hathaway family lived.  The home's architecture and contents represent a time capsule from that era.

The numerous outbuildings are a reflection of the needs of a working ranch as well as the oil industry. The museum houses one of the largest collections of steam engines, antique farm machinery, vintage diesel engines, and oil field equipment in the region.

See also
 List of petroleum museums

References

External links 

Museums in Los Angeles County, California
Agriculture museums in the United States
Petroleum museums
History museums in California
Steam museums in the United States
Technology museums in California
Ranches in California
Santa Fe Springs, California
Energy museums in the United States
Lincoln Conversion Flight RAAF. Lincoln Conversion Flight was a Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) training unit. The flight was formed in July 1955 to provide operational conversion training on the Avro Lincoln heavy bomber and was disbanded in March  the next year.

History
The Lincoln Conversion Flight was formed at RAAF Base Amberley on 11 July 1955. The flight was established to train new aircrew to operate the Lincoln bomber when the previous Lincoln operational conversion unit, No. 6 Squadron, transitioned to the Canberra bomber. All of No. 6 Squadron's Lincoln crews were transferred to the Lincoln Conversion Flight, and the squadron was re-manned by crews posted from No. 2 Squadron. Lincoln Conversion Flight formed part of No. 82 Wing, which was also based at Amberley.

The flight continued No. 6 Squadron's mission of providing trained aircrew to No. 1 Squadron. This squadron was equipped with Lincolns and deployed to Malaya where it was operating against Communist forces in the Malayan Emergency. The Lincoln Conversion Flight began to provide training as soon as it was formed. In addition to providing aircrew with experience in navigation, gunnery and bombing, formation flying and Army co-operation, the flight also ferried Lincolns between Australia and Malaya and undertook search and rescue tasks. In addition, the unit occasionally dropped supplies to Army units during exercises and flew national service personnel to Darwin in October 1955 to support one of No. 6 Squadron's training exercises. On 22 and 24 January 1956 two Lincoln Conversion Flight aircraft dropped supplies to flood affected areas near Goondiwindi in Queensland. Further flood relief sorties were conducted on 11 February and between the 20th and 22nd of the month.

The Lincoln Conversion Flight was disbanded on 26 March 1956.

References
Notes

Bibliography

RAAF independent flights
John Samuel Enys. John Samuel Enys (21 September 1796 – 29 May 1872) was a British mining engineer and scientist who wrote several important papers on the "duty" of steam engines and other types of power delivery, from water wheels to horses. He also made numerous studies on the extensive mining industry in Cornwall. On the death of his great uncle, Francis Enys in 1821 he inherited the Enys Estate, near Penryn, Cornwall and was appointed High Sheriff of Cornwall in 1824.

Personal life
Enys was born on 21 September 1796, the son of Samuel Hunt and Luce Ann, the daughter of Samuel Enys. His father died in 1813, and his mother reverted her name to Enys. Enys was educated at Winchester College, matriculated at Exeter College, Oxford, and took an honorary third in classics. In 1821 his great-uncle, Francis Enys, died, and he inherited the family's land. He did not appear to take an interest in farming, but rather became active in local politics and took a position as a magistrate as High Sheriff of Cornwall in 1824. On 17 April 1834 he married Catherine Gilbert, the daughter of Mary Ann Gilbert and Davies Gilbert, and together they had five children, including John Enys. His father-in-law, Davies was President of the Royal Society at the time, and although Enys was not a member himself, his family connections opened Enys to the Society in a less formal way. He joined The Institution of Civil Engineers as an Associate on 12 March 1839.

Career
The steam engine was just becoming widely used in Cornwall, after the introduction of the Watt steam engine, and Enys spent considerable effort studying and improving the models used nearby. In the process he wrote several seminal papers on the comparative performance of the engines, notably Remarks on the Duty of the Steam Engines employed in the Mines of Cornwall at different Periods. His works appeared in the Transactions of the Institution of Civil Engineers, the Transactions of the Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society, the Reports of the British Association and others. He was voted a member of the Royal Geological Society of Cornwall in 1827.

With Henry de la Beche, Enys took up the topic of geology and mineralogy, which led to an interest in architecture. During a trip to Italy he became interested in boats, and subsequently published several papers on improved buoys, reefing and hull shapes.

See also

 Enys family of Enys in Cornwall

References

External links
 Enys Garden
 Enys Family Archive

1796 births
1872 deaths
People from Penryn, Cornwall
People educated at Winchester College
Alumni of Exeter College, Oxford
Engineers from Cornwall
Scientists from Cornwall
High sheriffs of Cornwall
De Bernardi M.d.B. 02 Aeroscooter. The de Bernardi M.d.B. 02 Aeroscooter is a two-seat light sport aircraft designed by Mario De Bernardi as a follow-on to the single-seat Partenavia P.53 Aeroscooter.

Development
Having developed the all-metal single-seat Partenavia Aeroscooter earlier, Mario de Bernardi sought to improve the design as the two-seat M.d.B. 02 Aeroscooter, which was developed as an  aircraft to be built by CAP in Bergamo, Italy.

Design
The Aeroscooter is a low-wing, two-seat monoplane. The partial welded steel tube fuselage uses aluminum skins. The wing uses a wood spar. The tricycle landing gear uses trailing link suspension. The single-piece plexiglas canopy slides forward to open. All fuel is housed in the  header tank and  main tank behind the passenger's seat.

Operational history
The prototype was built by De Bernardi with the assistance of two mechanics. In April 1959, De Bernardi died of a heart attack after flying a demonstration of the prototype at Rome Urbe Airport.

An example is on display at Museo Aeronautico Caproni di Taledo, Milano.

Variants
The daughter of De Bernardi is offering plans for a modernized version of the Aeroscooter using a Rotax 912UL engine to be flown under Italian microlight category.

Specifications (M.d.B. 02 Aeroscooter)

See also

References

1950s Italian civil utility aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1957
Single-engined tractor aircraft