omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Touchdown polymerase chain reaction. The touchdown polymerase chain reaction or touchdown style polymerase chain reaction is a method of polymerase chain reaction  by which primers avoid amplifying nonspecific sequences. The annealing temperature during a polymerase chain reaction determines the specificity of primer annealing. The melting point of the primer sets the upper limit on annealing temperature. At temperatures just above this point, only very specific base pairing between the primer and the template will occur. At lower temperatures, the primers bind less specifically. Nonspecific primer binding obscures polymerase chain reaction results, as the nonspecific sequences to which primers anneal in early steps of amplification will "swamp out" any specific sequences because of the exponential nature of polymerase amplification.

Method

The earliest steps of a touchdown polymerase chain reaction cycle have high annealing temperatures. The annealing temperature is decreased in increments for every subsequent set of cycles.  The primer will anneal at the highest temperature which is least-permissive of nonspecific binding that it is able to tolerate.  Thus, the first sequence amplified is the one between the regions of greatest primer specificity; it is most likely that this is the sequence of interest.  These fragments will be further amplified during subsequent rounds at lower temperatures, and will outcompete the nonspecific sequences to which the primers may bind at those lower temperatures.  If the primer initially (during the higher-temperature phases) binds to the sequence of interest, subsequent rounds of polymerase chain reaction can be performed upon the product to further amplify those fragments. Touchdown increases specificity of the reaction at higher temperatures and increases the efficiency towards the end by lowering the annealing temperature.

From a mathematical point of view products of annealing at smaller temperatures are disadvantaged by  for the first annealing in cycle  and the second one in cycle  for .

References 

Molecular biology
Laboratory techniques
Amplifiers
Polymerase chain reaction
Mac NC. The Mac NC, or Macintosh NC, is a prototype networked thin client from Apple, expected for release by April 1998. The device was widely promoted by then-Apple director Larry Ellison, apparently as part of his Oracle Network Computer initiative. Mac NC was canceled, and its key technology components were inherited by the iMac G3, which was released in August 1998.

History
On May 21, 1996, Oracle Corporation, along with 30 hardware and software vendors, announced an intent to design computers around the "network computer platform". Products based on the Network Computer Reference Profile include diskless nodes, applications coded in cross-platform languages such as Java, and Internet connectivity using common software such as Netscape Navigator. 

In May 1996, Apple partnered in the network computing effort, with the Pippin as its flagship. 

On July 9, 1997, Gil Amelio was removed as CEO of Apple by its board of directors. Steve Jobs became interim CEO, to begin a critical restructuring of the company's product line. He became CEO until August 2011, shortly before his death.

Oracle Corporation CEO and Apple board member Larry Ellison announced in December 1997, while talking to the Harvard Computer Society, that Apple would release a product called the Macintosh NC in April 1998. He suggested the network computer would have a "near-300 MHz" processor, a 17-inch screen, a price under , and a hard disk drive option at $100.  

Steve Jobs did not agree, stating via email, "Unfortunately, [Ellison] is pretty far off base [...] Maybe he is trying to deflect interest from what we are really doing." While at Oracle, Ellison had overseen the development of a business alliance that produced several Network Computer-branded devices from companies such as Sun and IBM. Apple never manufactured any devices under the Oracle alliance, but did endorse the Network Computer Reference Profile. 

Jobs had already stopped all Macintosh clone efforts, including the Pippin concept and any prospects of the Mac NC.

Ultimately the technology shipped as NetBoot with the release of Mac OS X Server 1.0 in January 1999.

References

External links
Birth of the iMac article at The Mac Observer

Apple Inc. hardware
Macintosh platform
Network computer (brand)
Yngling (keelboat). The Yngling is a sailboat that was designed by Norwegian Jan Herman Linge as a one design racer and first built in 1967.

The Yngling design is very similar to the larger 1966 Linge-designed Soling.

Production
In the past the design was built by Abbott Boats in Canada, the O'Day Corp. and Jibetech in the United States as well as Petticrows in the United Kingdom. It remains in production at Børresen Bådebyggeri in Denmark and by Mader Bootswerft in Germany.

Design

The Yngling is a racing keelboat, built predominantly of fibreglass, with wood trim. It has a fractional sloop rig with aluminum spars. The hull has a spooned raked stem, a raised counter reverse transom, an internally mounted spade-type rudder controlled by a tiller and a swept fixed fin keel. It displaces  and carries  of lead ballast.

The boat has a draft of  with the standard keel.

The design has a small cuddy cabin for stowage.

For sailing the design is equipped with a  spinnaker, an end-boom mainsheet, foam buoyancy and sail windows for visibility.

Operational history

The design is supported by a class club, the International Yngling Association, with national clubs in Austria, Belgium, Germany, Norway, Switzerland, Denmark, the Netherlands, Sweden, the United States and Australia.

The Yngling received ISAF International status in 1979 and was chosen as the Olympic Women's Keelboat for the 2004 and the 2008 Summer Olympics. The Yngling was replaced by the Elliott 6m for the London 2012 Summer Olympics.

In a 1994 review Richard Sherwood wrote, "Jan Linge also designed the larger Soling, and the lines are very similar ... The Yngling is highly stable, with a beam-to-waterline ratio of .37 and with 50 percent of the weight in ballast. It is unsinkable, with foam-filled tanks. Sail area is not large, so that the boat may be sailed by younger sailors. While one-design rules are strict, every effort has been made to keep the cost of allowable modifications down."

Events

See also
List of sailing boat types
Sailing at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Yngling
Sailing at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Yngling

Related development
Soling

References

External links

Børresen Bådebyggeri official website
Mader Bootswerft official website

Keelboats
1960s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Yngling (keelboat)
Classes of World Sailing
Olympic sailing classes
Sailboat type designs by Jan Herman Linge
Sailboat types built by Abbott Boats
Sailboat types built by O'Day Corp.
Sailboat types built by Børresen Bådebyggeri
Sailboat types built by Jibetech
Sailboat types built by Mader Bootswerft
Sailboat types built by Petticrows
Engine-indicating and crew-alerting system. An engine-indicating and crew-alerting system (EICAS) is an integrated system used in modern aircraft to provide aircraft flight crew with instrumentation and crew annunciations for aircraft engines and other systems. On EICAS equipped aircraft the "recommended remedial action" is called a checklist.

Components

EICAS typically includes instrumentation of various engine parameters, including for example speed of rotation, temperature values including exhaust gas temperature, fuel flow and quantity, oil pressure etc. Other aircraft systems typically monitored by EICAS are for example hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical, deicing, environmental and control surface systems. EICAS has high connectivity & provides data acquisition and routing.

EICAS is a key function of a glass cockpit system, which replaces all analog gauges with software-driven electronic displays.  Most of the display area is used for navigation and orientation displays, but one display or a section of a display is set aside specifically for EICAS.

The crew-alerting system (CAS) is used in place of the annunciator panel on older systems.  Rather than signaling a system failure by turning on a light behind a translucent button, failures are shown as a list of messages in a small window near the other EICAS indications.

Alternative systems
Some alternatives are:

 Electronic Centralised Aircraft Monitor (ECAM) on Airbus
 Centralized Fault Detection System (CFDS) on McDonnell Douglas
 Flight Warning System (FWS) on Fokker
 Engine Warning Display (EWD) on ATR
 Комплексная система электронной индикации и сигнализации (КСЭИС) on Antonov.

Presence 
The system is called EICAS at least on the following aircraft:

Jetliners  
The first Boeing airliner with EICAS was the Boeing 757. The Boeing 747 has EICAS since the 747-400. No version of the Boeing 737 has EICAS. The Boeing 717 has CFDS, as it was originally a McDonnell Douglas product.

The Embraer ERJ family and the Embraer E-Jet family have EICAS.

The Bombardier CRJ and the Bombardier CSeries have EICAS.

The Fairchild-Dornier 328JET has EICAS.

The COMAC ARJ21 and the COMAC C919 have EICAS.

Turboprop airliners 
The Saab 2000 has EICAS.

The Dornier 328 and the Dornier 228NG have EICAS.

The Xi'an MA60 and the Xi'an MA600 have EICAS.

Limitations 
On some Bombardier aircraft, it is possible to call up the wrong checklist. Messages forbidding take-off can be shown as advisories.

The 757, 767, and 747-400 have no electronic checklists.

The ERJ and the E-Jets have no electronic checklists.

The CRJ have no electronic checklists.

The Do-328 and the Do-328JET have no electronic checklists.

The Saab 2000 has no electronic checklists.

Gallery

See also 
Electronic centralised aircraft monitor, a similar system by Airbus

References

External links 
 Astronautics Corporation of America EICAS displays (Archive)

Aircraft instruments
Aircraft components
Glass cockpit
EET. EET or eet may refer to:

 EET (library), a software library
 Eet (symbol) (⊥), a mathematical symbol
 "Eet" (song), a song from Regina Spektor's album Far
 Eastern European Time, (UTC+2)
 EE Technologies, an American electronics manufacturing company
 EE Times, an electronics industry magazine
 Electrical engineering technology
 Electronic energy transfer
 Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid
 Extra element theorem
 School of Engineering of Terrassa (), in Spain
 Shelby County Airport (Alabama)
KEET, PBS member television station in Eureka, California
 EET, expected execution time (in Information technology and System Operation)
Holden Apollo. The Holden Apollo is a compact and later mid-size car that was distributed from 1989 to 1997 in Australia by Holden. As a successor to the GM-engineered Holden Camira, the Apollo was a badge engineered version of the Toyota Camry, also sold in Australia. In paralleling two generations of the Camry—the V20 coded as the JK and facelifted JL series Apollo—and the XV10 recoded as the JM and updated JP—there were minor cosmetic differences in the grille, lights and trim.

This model sharing occurred due to the United Australian Automobile Industries (UAAI) joint venture between Toyota Australia and Holden starting in 1987 that resulted in model sharing between both automakers from August 1989. UAAI was in turn a result of the Button car plan, which aimed to make the Australian motor business more efficient and eliminate import tariffs. Production ceased in late 1996, although enough cars remained until the replacement Holden Vectra arrived in mid-1997. It was produced at Toyota's Port Melbourne plant until 1994 and then at Altona.

Timeline
 August 1989 - JK Apollo released  
 August 1991 - JL Apollo released 
 March 1993 - JM Apollo released 
 September 1995 - JP Apollo released 
 Late 1996 - Production ends 
 June 1997 - Apollo replaced by Holden Vectra

Gallery

References

External links 

1989 Australian Holden Apollo Commercial

Apollo
Cars of Australia
Compact cars
Mid-size cars
Sedans
Station wagons
Cars introduced in 1989
1980s cars
1990s cars
Cars discontinued in 1997
Wetware. Wetware may refer to:

 Wetware, a 2000 album by The Cassandra Complex (band)
 Wetware (brain), a term drawn from the computer-related idea of hardware or software, but applied to biological life forms
 Wetware (biology), biological components
 Wetware (novel), a 1988 Rudy Rucker biopunk novel
 Wetware (film), 2018 Jay Craven film
 Wetware computer, a computer or computational system which is composed of organic material, such as neurons
 Grindhouse Wetware, an open source biotechnology startup company based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Think-a-Dot. The Think-a-Dot was a mathematical toy invented by Joseph Weisbecker and manufactured by E.S.R., Inc. during the 1960s that demonstrated automata theory. It had eight coloured disks on its front, and three holes on its top – left, right, and center – through which a ball bearing could be dropped. Each disk would display either a yellow or blue face, depending on whether the mechanism behind it was tipped to the right or the left. The Think-a-Dot thus had 28=256 internal states. When the ball fell to the bottom it would exit either to a hole on the left or the right of the device.

As the ball passed through the Think-a-Dot, it would flip the disk mechanisms that it passed, and they in turn would determine whether the ball would be deflected to the left or to the right. Various puzzles and games were possible with the Think-a-Dot, such as flipping the colours of all cells in the minimum number of moves, or reaching a given state from a monochrome state or vice versa.

See also 
 Digi-Comp I
 Digi-Comp II
 Dr. NIM

References

.
.
.

External links 
 Picture of a Think-a-Dot
 Think-a-Dot instruction leaflet
 3-D printable Think-a-Dot Replica
Mechanical puzzles
Glk (software). Glk is a portable application programming interface (API) created by Andrew Plotkin for use by programs with a text interface; these programs mostly include interactive fiction (IF) interpreters for Z-machine, TADS, Glulx, and Hugo games, and IF games written in more obscure file formats such as those used by Level 9 Computing and Magnetic Scrolls.

The Glk API specification describes facilities for input, output, text formatting, graphics, sound, and file I/O.

Glk does not describe a virtual machine. Glulx is a virtual machine designed to be implemented using the Glk functions, and Glulxe is an interpreter for Glulx.  Interpreters for other virtual machines may use Glk while being unrelated to Glulx: for example, Nitfol is an interpreter for the Z-Machine that uses Glk.

The Glk API has many implementations, including GlkTerm, ScummVM's Glk, WindowsGlk, XGlk. Implementations are available on the following platforms:
 Java
 JavaScript
 Macintosh
 DOS
 Unix
 X Window System
 Microsoft Windows
 Pocket PC

The existence of the Glk API has made possible the creation of "universal translator" IF interpreters, programs such as Gargoyle and Spatterlight which can run all popular IF formats and almost all of the more obscure ones. Such programs are very useful for newcomers to the medium who are unsure of which interpreter to choose, and to experienced players who may possess games in a variety of formats.

References

External links
GLK API specification 
The GLK Section of the Interactive FictionArchive

Programming tools for Windows
Unix software
Fujian University of Technology. Fujian University of Technology () is a public university located in Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
The Chinese Ministry of Education established the university in 2002 as a merger of the Fujian College of Architecture and Civil Engineering and the Fujian Institute of Technology. The predecessor of both institutions was the noted "Fujian Gaogong" (Fujian Advanced Technological School) originating from “Canxia Jingshe” (Canxia Elementary Technological School), which was co-founded in 1896 by Lin Shu, an eminent Fujian scholar and translator and Chen Baochen, tutor of the last Chinese emperor Puyi during the Qing dynasty. The university abbreviation is FJUT.

Faculty Information 
FJUT currently has 24,128 full-time students. There are 18,890 undergraduate students of which 5,238 are collegiates. There are also 4,788 adult students.

The university has 1,350 staff. The faculty members comprise 697 of which 213 are professors and associate professors. The university has 3 campuses, known as Shanxi Campus, Cangshan Campus and Pudong Campus and occupies a total area of 40.5 ha (607 mu). Its new location in Fuzhou University District will occupy an area of 107 ha (1,608 mu). The university is equipped with adequate facilities for teaching and learning with a total of 47 laboratories, the total value of the teaching equipment amounting to 71,420,000 Yuan.

History
The timeline of the history of the university is:

University Structure
FJUT consists of 13 departments, 2 teaching divisions, a school for adults' further education and vocational education and a software professionals training base.

Electromechanical and Automation Department
Information Science and Engineering Department
Civil Engineering Department
Architecture and Urban Planning Department
Environment and Equipment Engineering Department
Economic Management Department
Modern Media Department
Jurisprudence Department
Mathematics and Physics Department
School of Humanities
Traffic and Transportation Department
Mechanic and automobile engineering Department
The two teaching divisions are Political Science Division and Physical Education Division.

References

External links
http://www.fjut.edu.cn/

Universities and colleges in Fujian
Universities and colleges established in 2002
Universities and colleges established in 1896
2002 establishments in China
Hebei University of Science and Technology. The Hebei University of Science and Technology (HEBUST; ) is a provincial public university in Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China. It is affiliated with the Province of Hebei, and funded by the provincial government.

Hebei University of Science and Technology was established in May 1996 by the merger of the original Hebei Light Chemical Engineering College, Hebei Mechanical and Electrical College, and Hebei Textile Workers University. In 2002, Hebei Textile Industry School was merged into the school. In 2021, the school received accreditation for awarding doctoral degrees.

References 

 
Universities and colleges in Hebei
Universities and colleges established in 1996
1996 establishments in China
Hebei University of Architecture. Hebei University of Architecture (), formerly Hebei Institute of Architecture and Civil Engineering, is a university in Zhangjiakou Hebei, China under the provincial government.

Hebei Institute of Architecture and Civil Engineering was founded in August 1950 and was initially named Zhang Jiakou Technical School.  In 1951 it was renamed as the Chahar Industrial Institute, and in December 1952 changed its name again to the North China Industrial Institute, under the leadership of the North China Administrative Committee. In May 1954, it became the Zhang Jiakou Architecture and Engineering School attached to the Central People's Government Construction Engineering Department. In June 1958, it was incorporated into Hebei province and changed names successively as the Zhang Jiakou Engineering Institute, Zhang Jiakou Engineering Training School, and Zhang Jiakou Architecture and Engineering School. It was approved by the State Council to be upgraded to an institution of higher learning in 1978 as Hebei Institute of Architecture and Civil Engineering. It is the only higher education institute providing instruction in both architecture and engineering in Hebei province.

In the first decade of the 21st century its name was changed to Hebei University of Architecture.

External links 
Hebei Institute of Architecture and Civil Engineering (Chinese language)

Universities and colleges in Hebei
Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics. Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics (), formerly known as Zhengzhou Institute of Aeronautical Industry Management, is a public university located in Zhengzhou, Henan, China.

History
Zhengzhou Institute of Aeronautical Industry Management's predecessor was founded in 1949. PingYuan Provincial Finance School, which was renamed and relocated several times. In 1984, the university changed its name to Zhengzhou Institute of Aeronautical Industry Management (Abbreviation: ZZIA). It is one of six undergraduate colleges part of the original Aerospace Aviation Ministry (the other five are BUAA, NUAA, NPU, SAU and NCHU). In 1999, the school affiliation changed. Head of Aviation Industry Corporation of China into the central and local governments, the daily management based in Henan, is one of the key universities in Henan province key construction.

External links
Official website

Aeronautical engineering schools
Universities and colleges in Henan
Universities and colleges in Zhengzhou
1949 in Zhengzhou
North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power. The North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power (NCWU; ) is a provincial public university in Zhengzhou, Henan, China. The university is affiliated with the Province of Henan, and co-sponsored by the provincial government and the Ministry of Water Resources.

History 
NCWU was founded in 1951 in Beijing as the Water Conservancy School of the Ministry of Water Resources of the Central People's Government. In 1954, it was renamed the Beijing Water Conservancy School of the Ministry of Water Resources. In 1958, the Beijing Hydropower School and the Beijing Hydropower Correspondence College were merged to form the Beijing Water Conservancy and Hydropower College. In 1969, the university moved to Yuecheng Reservoir, Cixian County, Hebei Province. In 1971, the university was renamed Hebei Water Conservancy and Hydropower College. In 1977, the university was relocated to Bengbu, Hebei, and in 1978 was renamed as the North China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower. In 1990, the university was moved for a third time to its current location in Zhengzhou, Henan. In 2000, the whole system was transferred to Henan Province by the Ministry of Water Resources. In 2009, the Ministry of Water Resources and the Henan Provincial Government signed a strategic agreement to jointly build the North China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower. In 2013, it was renamed the North China University of Water Resources and Hydropower.

Notable alumni
 E Jingping (born 1956), engineer and politician, Minister of Water Resources of China.
 Li Guoying, engineer and politician, Governor of Anhui Province.
 Liu Cixin, science fiction novelist, author of "The Three-Body Problem", Hugo Award winner, nine-time Galaxy Award winner.

References

External links
  Official website of the University
  English homepage of the University

Universities and colleges in Zhengzhou
Universities and colleges established in 1951
1951 establishments in China
Yellow River management
1951 in Zhengzhou