omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Henschel-BBC DE2500. The DB Class 202, also commonly referred to under its manufacturers' designation Henschel-BBC DE2500, since it was only in experimental use and never purchased by the DB, is a class of diesel-electric locomotives designed for use on main and secondary lines for both passenger and freight trains.

One unit was converted to 1.5 kV DC operation under electric catenary, and used for evaluation by the Nederlandse Spoorwegen, as NS Class 1600P.

History

The class represents a major milestone in the German locomotive development, since these are the first locomotives to have three phase asynchronous electric traction applied in a mainline diesel-electric locomotive.

The DE2500 featured a light-weight and completely modular construction, which allowed the quick and easy exchange of whole sections of the locomotive, such as the prime mover, generator or alternator sections. It was both capable of driving on Co'Co' bogies (002, 004) as well as Bo'Bo' bogies (003). All the components of the electric sections - from generator to traction motors - were built to the latest state of the art featuring brushless, collectorless and nearly contactless operation, which resulted in long service intervals and high reliability.

The locomotives were extensively tested by the Deutsche Bundesbahn on its lines throughout Western Germany, starting in 1971 through the mid-1980s. They were stationed at Bw Mannheim with the following DB numbers:
 202 002-2  (white)
 202 003-0  (orange, later UmAn paint scheme)
 202 004-8  (blue)

Conversion to electric locomotive
During the mid-1970s, locomotive 202-002 was converted for the Dutch Railways (NS) into an all-electric locomotive for 1.5 kV DC-overhead wire. It was painted in the Dutch yellow scheme, assigned the number 1600P and given the logos of the Dutch railways. A pantograph for the collection of the current from the overhead wire was installed, the diesel prime mover and the generator section were removed and replaced with ballast weight. The NS was very pleased with the results of the test cycles, but ultimately chose to acquire its serial-production Class 1600 from French manufacturers, based on the BB 7200, for both budget and delivery time considerations.

Test-run in Denmark
The Danish State Railways, DSB, tested the locomotive 202 004. The later acquired DSB Class ME, though heavier and stronger (115 t, 3.300 hp), were based on these prototypes. 37 of the class were built.

Models

An H0 scale model engine has been made of the BR 202 by the German company Heris.

Literature 

 
 
 Karl Gerhard Baur: Die Geschichte der Drehstromlokomotiven. EK-Verlag, Freiburg, 2005. 
 BBC Asynchronous motor drive for Diesel locomotives Order No. D VK 40810 E
 Horst J. Obermayer: Diesellokomotiven - Mit Kleinlokomotiven, Stuttgart 1972.

202
Diesel–electric locomotives of Germany
Bo′Bo′ locomotives
Co′Co′ locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1971
Henschel locomotives
Brown, Boveri & Cie locomotives
Standard gauge locomotives of Germany
Standard gauge locomotives of the Netherlands
Chugoku Electric Power Company. , trading as  (Latin for "energy") is an electric utility with its exclusive operational area of Chūgoku region of Japan. It is the sixth largest by electricity sales among Japan's ten regional power utilities. It operates the Shimane Nuclear Power Plant.

In 1982, Chugoku Electric Power Company proposed building a nuclear power plant near the island of Iwaishima, but many residents opposed the idea, and the island's fishing cooperative voted overwhelmingly against the plans. In January 1983, almost 400 islanders staged a protest march, which was the first of more than 1,000 protests the islanders carried out. Since the Fukushima nuclear disaster in March 2011 there has been wider opposition to construction plans for the plant.

In December 2024, Chugoku Electric Power announced to restart its Shimane nuclear power station in western Japan which has been shuttered since 2011. 

To restart the Shimane reactor, Chugoku Electric would need a total investment of almost $6 billion.

See also

Ashes to Honey
Anti-nuclear movement in Japan

References 

Companies listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange
Companies based in Hiroshima
Nuclear power companies of Japan
Electric power companies of Japan
Japanese companies established in 1951
Energy companies established in 1951
Yakovlev Yak-10. The Yakovlev Yak-10 () was a Soviet light liaison aircraft designed and built by the Yakovlev design bureau in the 1940s.

Design and development
In the late 1940s the Soviet forces had a need for a light liaison aircraft that was smaller than the Antonov An-2. The company derived two four-seat aircraft with wooden wings and metal fuselages, from the earlier AIR-6. The Yak-10, a high-wing strut-braced monoplane with fixed landing gear and the Yak-13 a low-wing cantilever monoplane with a manually retractable landing gear. Both aircraft were powered by a 145 hp M-11MF radial engine. After tests in 1945, the Yak-10 was awarded a production contract for 40 aircraft, despite unimpressive performance. The company built a number of different variants but soon produced an improved design, the Yak-12, which, although of similar layout, was not a derivative of the Yak-10.

The Yak-10 only entered limited production before it was replaced by the superior Yakovlev Yak-12, and although the Yak-13 proved to be superior to the original Yak-10, production was not carried out.

Variants
Yak-10
Strut-braced high-wing monoplane powered by a Shvetsov M-11MF radial engine.
Yak-10G
Floatplane variant with twin floats.
Yak-10S
Ambulance variant with room for one stretcher.
Yak-10V
Dual control.
Yak-13
Low-wing monoplane derivative, using an almost identical fuselage and Shvetsov M-11MF engine installation, with a cantilevered wooden low wing for direct comparison with the Yak-10. One built.

Specifications (Yak-10)

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

1940s Soviet military utility aircraft
Yak-010
Single-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1944
Aircraft with retractable conventional landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
Thermal Power Plant 27. Thermal Power Plant 27 Severnaya () is a combined heat and power plant located in the village of Chelobityevo in Mytishchinsky District of Moscow Oblast, Russia. It is owned and operated by Mosenergo. It provides heat and power to Mytishchi, as well as to Northern and North-Eastern Administrative Okrugs of Moscow.

The decision to build the power plant was taken in 1980s. However, due to opposition of the local population the construction was postponed. The first unit became operational in 1996 and the second unit in 1998. The third unit was added in 2007 and the fourth unit in 2008.

2019 incident
On July 11, 2019, a major fire broke out at the power station.  According to eyewitnesses and video footage, the fire was caused by an explosion, and the flames were said to be close to 50 meters tall.

References

External links

 Thermal Power Plant 27 at the Mosenergo Official Site (archive)

Energy infrastructure completed in 1992
Energy infrastructure completed in 2007
Natural gas-fired power stations in Russia
Cogeneration power stations in Russia
Mytishchinsky District
Sochi Thermal Power Plant. Sochi Thermal Power Plant () is a power station in Sochi, Russia. It is part of the infrastructure constructed or improved for the 2014 Winter Olympics which was held in Sochi. There have been a total of 3 thermal power plants built with one combined heat and power plant along with 19 substations. The combined capacity of the power plants is 1,208 MWt. High and low has pressure pipelines were also added, with a total length of 654 km.

History
The first two generation units with a total capacity of 78  MW were launched in December 2004. After announcement in 2007 that Sochi will host 2014 Winter Olympics, the decision was taken to build the second stage of the plant, and two more units were launched in December 2009.

References

External links

Energy infrastructure completed in 2004
Energy infrastructure completed in 2009
Natural gas-fired power stations in Russia
Cogeneration power stations in Russia
2014 Winter Olympics
Hans Fichtner. Hans Joachim Oskar Fichtner (September 8, 1917 – October 21, 2012) was a rocket scientist who worked on V-2 rockets for Wernher von Braun at Peenemünde from 1939 to 1945.  He was among the scientists to surrender and travel to the United States to provide rocketry expertise via Operation Paperclip which took them first to Fort Bliss, Texas (1945–1949).  He continued his work with the team when they moved to Redstone Arsenal, and he joined Marshall Space Flight Center to work for NASA.

In a personal letter to a space aficionado, Fichtner wrote, "I worked at Peenemünde to design the control system of the A4. Later I laid out the electrical system for the V-2 ground and airborne. Arrived at the States with the 55 specialists Nov 17, 45, designed the electrical system for all White Sands V-2 launches in the first 1 years. Did all the electrical systems design for Redstone, Mercury-Redstone, Jupiter, Pershing missile. Was totally responsible for the entire ground and airborne electrical systems for the Apollo 100, 200 series, all Saturn V firings and Skylab after Apollo project. Was Chief engineer for the satellite series high energy astronomy observatory (HEAO). Worked as a consultant for the layout of the Spacelab. Electrical system with ESA in the Netherlands 1975/76. Introduced the automated, computerized checkout and firing sequence during the Saturn/Apollo program".

References 

German aerospace engineers
German rocket scientists
German spaceflight pioneers
Peenemünde Army Research Center and Airfield
1917 births
2012 deaths
Operation Paperclip
20th-century American engineers
Engineers from Leipzig
Merrill Railway & Lighting Co.. The Merrill Railway & Lighting Co was set up in 1889. During the first months of operation, problems with poor bonding of the track led to the electrocution of several animals. This led the company to develop the first use by a trolley company of a second suspended wire for return power.

The company experimented with one of the earliest trolleybus operations in 1913. Already experienced with two wire operation it purchased an 18 passenger vehicle from the Field Electric Bus Company. The use of the trolleybus avoided the need to construct three complex railroad crossings. The service was discontinued in less than a year.

The company was absorbed by the Wisconsin Valley Electric Company in 1916. The franchise ended in 1919 and the company was offered to the City for $1. The offer not being accepted, the service was replaced by buses of the affiliated Valley Transit Company in 1921.

Route 
Main St (Junction of Stuyvesant St. ), Mill St, 1st St., 2nd St. Polk St, 1st St., West Main (Junction of Cottage). Passing loops at Second St between Scott and Cleveland and on Polk. Car Barn at south end of Polk.

Equipment 
Original Equipment unknown.
1896 - Second hand car built by Jones in 1892 purchased.
1898 - Second hand car built by American in 1893 purchased from TMERL
1898 - Second hand car built by Pullman in 1893 purchased from TMERL 
1903 - Second hand car built by American in 1893 purchased from Aurora Ill.

References

Transportation in Lincoln County, Wisconsin
Streetcars in Wisconsin
Barium azide. Barium azide is an inorganic azide with the formula . It is a barium salt of hydrazoic acid. Like all azides, it is explosive. It is less sensitive to mechanical shock than lead azide.

Preparation
Barium azide may be prepared by reacting sodium azide with a soluble barium salt:

Uses
Barium azide can be used to make azides of magnesium, sodium, potassium, lithium, rubidium and zinc with their respective sulfates.

It can also be used as a source for high purity nitrogen by heating:

This reaction liberates metallic barium, which is used as a getter in vacuum applications.

See also
 Calcium azide
 Sodium azide
 Hydrazoic acid

References

Azides
Barium compounds
Explosive chemicals
Inorganic compounds
Ellis Drive Historical Area. The Ellis Drive Historical Area is an older section of the UMass Amherst containing many of the university's earliest laboratory buildings. Several of these buildings have since been converted for other uses, but research still continues in many of them to this day.

Historic buildings
 Agricultural Engineering North
 Chenoweth Laboratory
 Draper Hall
 Draper Annex
 East Experiment Station
 Flint Laboratory
 Goessmann Laboratory
 Hatch Laboratory
 Skinner Hall
 Stockbridge Hall
 West Experiment Station

Other buildings
 Hasbrouck Laboratory
 John W. Lederle Graduate Research Center
 Murray D. Lincoln Campus Center
 Physical Plant Complex
 Worcester Dining Commons

Former buildings
The Boarding House
Abigail Adams House
Infirmary Houses
Marshall Hall

External links
 2007 Legacy Buildings Report

University of Massachusetts Amherst buildings
Penetrant (mechanical, electrical, or structural). Penetrants, or penetrating items, are the mechanical, electrical or structural items that pass through an opening in a wall or floor, such as pipes, electrical conduits, ducting, electrical cables and cable trays, or structural steel beams and columns. When these items pierce a wall or floor assembly, they create a space between the penetrant and the surrounding structure which can become an avenue for the spread of fire between rooms or floors. Building codes require a firestop to seal the openings around penetrants.  

Passive fire protection
Building engineering
Firestops
Goodness factor. The goodness factor is a metric developed by Eric Laithwaite to determine the 'goodness' of an electric motor. Using it he was able to develop efficient magnetic levitation induction motors.

where
 is the goodness factor (factors above 1 are likely to be efficient)
,  are the cross sections of the electric and magnetic circuits
,   are the lengths of the electric and magnetic circuits
 is the permeability of the core
 is the angular frequency the motor is driven at
 is the conductivity of the conductor

From this he showed that the most efficient motors are likely to be relatively large. However, the equation only directly relates to non-permanent magnet motors.

Laithwaite showed that for a simple induction motor this gave:

where  is the pole pitch arc length,  is the surface resistivity of the rotor and  is the air gap.

References

Induction motors
Dimensionless numbers of physics
Magnetism
SESAM (database). SESAM / SQL Server is a relational database system originally developed by Siemens, whose role as developer was successively succeeded by Siemens Nixdorf Informationssysteme (SNI),  Fujitsu Siemens Computers, and now Fujitsu Technology Solutions. It runs on the BS2000/OSD mainframe.

Clients running on BS2000/OSD, UNIX systems, Solaris, Linux and Microsoft Windows are supported.

Features
 Support for SQL3
 Data can be stored in EBCDIC and Unicode
 Cost-based optimizer
 Maintenance is possible during operation
 Table partitioning
 Multi-platform support
 Apache web-server integration

References

SESAM/SQL Product Page
SESAM/SQL Presentation

Relational database management systems
Fujitsu software
Inspiration (sculpture). Inspiration is a public artwork by American artist Ethan Kerber, located at a commercial building at the intersection of 5th St NW & K St NW in the Mount Vernon Triangle neighborhood of Washington, D.C., United States. Inspiration was created through DC Commission on the Arts and Humanities.

Description

This metal sculpture is placed on an air intake vent on the facade of the CityVista building just north of Busboys and Poets. At 25 feet by 25 feet; it consists of five panels which are made up of 80 custom CNC plasma cut metal sheets. It weighs about 3,500 pounds. Painted in shades of blue, the design represents exhaled breath on a cold day.

Artist

A Masters student at San Francisco State University, Ethan Kerber was raised in New York City. Working primarily with metal his work is inspired by the street art that he saw throughout the city as a youth. Kerber describes his art as "a reflection in metal of the urban environment around us." His work is seen also at the Oakland Zoo. He works under the name Midnight Metal Works Inc.

Acquisition

In 2009 the DC Commission on the Arts & Humanities, DC Office of Planning, CityVista and the Mount Vernon Triangle Community Improvement District selected Kerber to create a "dynamic" installation for an exterior wall at CityVista.  The sculpture was installed on March 1, 2010.

Information

Inspiration was created using three-dimensional modeling software. Kerber worked closely with architects and engineers to use digital design to create an efficient and creative work. The final image was programmed into a plasma cutter which precisely cut the image. According to Kerber, the title "Inspiration" refers to "the source of creativity as well as the functional role in relation to the building's system of breathing."

See also
 List of public art in Washington, D.C., Ward 2

External links

The Triangle Blog about Inspiration
 VERSE FOR THE DAY

References

Outdoor sculptures in Washington, D.C.
Steel sculptures in Washington, D.C.
2010 sculptures
Rajendra Mishra. Rajendra Mishra (1919–1977) was an Indian Professor and education pioneer known for being one of the founders of the first of the Indian Institutes of Technology (IIT) at IIT Kharagpur, in 1951. He helped establish the institute's infrastructure, pioneered the engineering disciplines of mechanical, production, and industrial engineering, and launched the study of management science in India. His contributions were unprecedented when he forged a relationship between industry and academia through collaborative programmes. He brought his industrial experience to the educational system of IIT Kharagpur and embraced the best engineering and management practices from the US and Europe to build the foundation for a world-class engineering university over a time span of 27 years in India.

Mishra was an influential personality in the field of industrial engineering and management in India. He is reputed to be the first management teacher in the country. He established the Department of Management Studies in 1954 at IIT Kharagpur along with Sir Jahangir Ghandhy, former president of India Shri; V. V. Giri, former minister of higher education; Dr. Triguna Sen, developer of one of the first executive development programmes in India.

In his tenure at IIT Kharagpur, he held several academic positions including head of Mechanical Engineering Department, dean of planning and coordination, and deputy director of the institute. He was also principal of Regional Engineering College, Rourkela. 

In 2010, IIT Kharagpur named its new engineering entrepreneurship center the "Rajendra Mishra School of Engineering Entrepreneurship" in honor of Mishra. The school was set up with generous grants from the sons of late Professor Mishra, Devendra Mishra and Amarendra Mishra, who are also alumni of IIT Kharagpur.

References

Further reading
 
 https://web.archive.org/web/20110914221339/http://www.iitkgp.ac.in/departments/home.php?deptcode=RJ
 

Scientists from Jharkhand
1919 births
1979 deaths
IIT Kharagpur people
20th-century Indian educational theorists
Digital Automated Identification System. Digital automated identification system (DAISY) is an automated species identification system optimised for the rapid screening of invertebrates (e.g. insects) by non-experts (e.g. parataxonomists).

It was developed by Dr. Mark O'Neill during the mid-1990s. Development was supported by funding from the Darwin Initiative in 1997 and BBSRC. The intellectual property rights were acquired by O'Neill's company, Tumbling Dice Ltd, in February 2000 at the end of the grant funded Darwin Project. The system underwent further development resulting in an producing an exemplar which is web accessible and which can cope in near real time with groups (e.g. hawk moths) which contain several hundred taxa. On medium to high end PC server hardware (e.g. a blade server) an identification is possible in under a second for a 300 taxon group. Parallelisation of the critical DAISY classifier codes (using either bespoke FPGA technology or general purpose GPU programming technology such as CUDA) will give an order of magnitude increase in performance. This means that DAISY can be deployed to make real time identifications within groups containing thousands of taxa (e.g. true flies).

DAISY has been used in several research projects by O'Neill and others, and featured in popular science TV and magazine articles. The project has also been the subject of a recent article in Science.

In 2011, the first DAISY installation capable of scaling to hundreds of taxa was installed at Natural History Museum in London. This server offered both VNC and web service based interfaces and was able to offload compute intensive pattern matching operations onto an NVIDIA GPU programmed using CUDA. This installation was capable of providing identification to species given  a 300+ taxon dataset in less than a second in a multiple user environment.

More recently, under the aegis of Innovate UK funding, DAISY has been extensively modified to meet the needs of upstream activities within the oil and gas sector, in particular biostratigraphy. The resultant system, GeoDAISY represents a significant technological advance. It is capable of deep learning, knowledge encapsulation, pattern based data mining and (image based) content search and can efficiently handle training sets consisting of millions of patterns on commodity hardware using a combination of smart data caching and OpenMP. Further details of GeoDAISY, and the rationale for developing it are available as white papers on the Tumbling Dice LinkedIn page.

See also
 Leafsnap
 iPflanzen
 PlantNet
 Plants (software)
 Plantifier
 NatureGate

References

External links
 
 Natural History Museum DAISY page

Automatic identification and data capture
Thermo galvanometer. The thermo-galvanometer is an instrument for measuring small electric currents. It was invented by William Duddell about 1900. The following is a description of the instrument taken from  a trade catalog of Cambridge Scientific Instrument Company dated 1905: 
For a long time the need of an instrument capable of accurately measuring small alternating currents has been keenly felt. The high resistance and self-induction of the coils of instruments of the electro-magnetic type frequently prevent their use. Electro-static instruments as at present constructed are not altogether suitable for measuring very small currents, unless a sufficient potential difference is available.

The thermo-galvanometer designed by Mr W. Duddell can be used for the measurement of extremely small currents to a high degree of accuracy. It has practically no self-induction or capacity and can therefore be used on a circuit of any frequency (even up to 120,000~ per sec.) and currents as small as twenty micro-amperes can be readily measured by it . It is equally correct on continuous and alternating currents. It can therefore be accurately standardized by continuous current and used without error on circuits of any frequency or wave-form.

The principle of the thermo-galvanometer is simple. The instrument consists of a resistance which is heated by the current to be measured, the heat from the resistance falling on the thermo-junction of a Boys radio-micrometer. The rise in temperature of the lower junction of the thermo-couple produces a current in the loop which is deflected by the magnetic field against the torsion of the quartz fibre.

References
 Vladimir Karapetoff, Experimental Electrical Engineering and Manual for Electrical Testing for Engineers and for Students in Engineering Laboratories. Volume. 1 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1910. page 70
 Cambridge Scientific Instrument Company Ltd. 1905 trade catalog.

Galvanometers
Historical scientific instruments