omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
N,N'-Diisopropylcarbodiimide. {{DISPLAYTITLE:N,N'''-Diisopropylcarbodiimide}}
{{chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 424839902
| Name =
| ImageFile = N,N'-methanediylidenebis(propan-2-amine) 200.svg
| ImageSize = 220
| ImageFile1 = N,N'-Diisopropylcarbodiimide molecule ball.png
| ImageSize1 = 240
| ImageAlt1 = Ball-and-stick model of the N,N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide molecule
| PIN = N,N-Di(propan-2-yl)methanediimine 
| OtherNames = Diisopropylmethanediimine, DIC
|Section1=
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}}N,-Diisopropylcarbodiimide' is a carbodiimide used in peptide synthesis. As a liquid, it is easier to handle than the commonly used N,-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, a waxy solid. In addition, N,-diisopropylurea, its byproduct in many chemical reactions, is soluble in most organic solvents, a property that facilitates work-up.

SafetyIn vivo'' dermal sensitization studies according to OECD 429 confirmed DIC is a strong skin sensitizer, showing a response at 0.20 wt% in the Local Lymph Node Assay (LLNA) placing it in Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) Dermal Sensitization Category 1A. Thermal hazard analysis by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) shows DIC poses minimal explosion risks.

References 

Peptide coupling reagents
Carbodiimides
Reagents for biochemistry
Biochemistry
Biochemistry methods
Isopropylamino compounds
Latent semantic structure indexing. Latent semantic structure indexing (LaSSI) is a technique for calculating chemical similarity derived from latent semantic analysis (LSA).

LaSSI was developed at Merck & Co. and patented in 2007 by Richard Hull, Eugene Fluder, Suresh Singh, Robert Sheridan, Robert Nachbar and Simon Kearsley.

Overview 

LaSSI is similar to LSA in that it involves the construction of an occurrence matrix from a corpus of items and the application of singular value decomposition to that matrix to derive latent features.  What differs is that the occurrence matrix represents the frequency of two- and three-dimensional chemical descriptors (rather than natural language terms) found within a chemical database of chemical structures.  This process derives latent chemical structure concepts that can be used to calculate chemical similarities and structure–activity relationships for drug discovery.

References 

 Hull, R.D., Fluder, E.M., Singh, S.B., Nachbar, R.B., Sheridan, R.P. and Kearsley, S.K. (2001) "Latent semantic structure indexing (LaSSI) for defining chemical similarity." J Med Chem, 2001 Apr 12;44(8):1177–84. 
 Hull, R.D., Singh, S.B., Nachbar, R.B., Sheridan, R.P., Kearsley, S.K. and Fluder, E.M. (2001) "Chemical similarity searches using latent semantic structure indexing (LaSSI) and comparison to TOPOSIM." J Med Chem, 2001 Apr 12;44(8):1185–91.
 Singh, S.B., Sheridan, R.P., Fluder, E.M. and Hull, R.D. (2001) "Mining the chemical quarry with joint chemical probes: an application of latent semantic structure indexing (LaSSI) and TOPOSIM (Dice) to chemical database mining." J Med Chem, 2001 May 10;44(10):1564–75.

Cheminformatics
Drug discovery
Gynoug. , known in North America as Wings of Wor, is a 1991 scrolling shooter video game developed by NCS Corporation and published by Masaya for the Sega Genesis. The game was released in North America and Europe in 1991 and in Japan on January 25, 1991, and re-released on the Wii Virtual Console exclusively in Japan on May 20, 2008, and was re-released for the Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One on November 12, 2021.

Plot 
The land of Iccus is being invaded by legions of demons and monsters, led by a being known only as the Destroyer. The heavens send the angel Wor to defend Iccus and put an end to the Destroyer's dark plans.

Development

Reception 

Mean Machines magazine reviewed the title, giving it 88%.

MegaTech 5 magazine praised the power-ups and the graphics used for the bosses.

References

External links 
 

1991 video games
Horizontally scrolling shooters
Masaya Games games
MegaTech Hyper Game awards winners
Nintendo Switch games
PlayStation 4 games
Sega Genesis games
Single-player video games
Video games developed in Japan
Video games scored by Noriyuki Iwadare
Virtual Console games for Wii
Xbox One games
The Sharks (Royal Navy). The "Sharks" were the Royal Navy's Helicopter Display Team from 1975 to 1992.  They initially flew six red Westland Gazelle helicopters, with aircraft and pilots drawn from 705 Naval Air Squadron based at RNAS Culdrose (HMS Seahawk), Cornwall. After a mid-air collision between two aircraft in June 1977, the team size was reduced to four aircraft.

History
The "Sharks" were established in 1975 and were unusual in that the team's personnel and crews were changed every year.  The pilots were all instructors from 705 NAS, which at the time was the squadron responsible for the basic training of Royal Navy helicopter pilots. Their involvement with the "Sharks" was purely voluntary, and all the activities involved with the team - the pre-season rehearsals, transits to and from display venues, and the display flying itself - were in addition to their normal weekday duties instructing student pilots on the Westland Gazelle.

The "Sharks" display routine was renowned for mixing together a range of different manoeuvres, comprising close formation, synchronised, opposition and solo flying.  The display typically lasted for 10-12 minutes, and was highlighted by the use of distinctive mix of red and green smoke.

The team operated successfully for the best part of two decades, appearing at airshows and events around the UK and near Europe.  They were regulars at the largest shows such as the International Air Tattoo, Farnborough Airshow, as well as Royal Navy-organised events and the British Grand Prix.

Disbandment
The team were disbanded in 1992 due to Royal Navy operational and budgetary commitments. Despite this, the Royal Navy Helicopter Display Team title was maintained until the end of 1996 as 705 NAS continued to provide a pair of Gazelles known simply as the "Gazelle Pair" (although in 1995 a special four-aircraft team was resurrected for a handful of events).  With the retirement of the Gazelle from Royal Navy service, the Royal Navy Helicopter Display Team was finally disbanded in 1996.

A new display team, composed of two Lynx helicopters, was formed in 2001 and has been known as the Black Cats since 2004.

References

Naval aviation units and formations of the United Kingdom
Military units and formations established in 1975
Military units and formations disestablished in 1992
Sharks
Fault breccia. Fault breccia, or tectonic breccia, is a breccia (a rock type consisting of angular clasts) that was formed by tectonic forces.

Fault breccia is a tectonite formed by localized zone of brittle deformation (a fault zone) in a rock. Brecciation in fault zones influences fault zone hydrogeology in its interaction with groundwater and petroleum deposits.

Origin
Fault breccias are tectonites formed primarily by tectonic movement along a localized zone of brittle deformation (a fault zone) in a rock formation or province.

The grinding and milling occurring when the two sides of the fault zone moving along each other results in a material that is made of loose fragments. Because of this fragmentation fault zones are easily infiltrated by groundwater.

Secondary minerals such as calcite, epidote, quartz or talc can precipitate from the circulating groundwater filling the voids and cementing the rock. However, when the tectonic movement along the fault zone continues the cement itself can be fragmented leading to a new gouge material containing neoformed clasts.

Deeper in the Earth's crust, where temperatures and pressures are higher, the rocks in the fault zone can still brecciate, but they keep their internal cohesion. The resulting type of rock is called a cataclasite.

Properties 
Fault breccia has no cohesion; it is normally an unconsolidated rock type, unless cementation took place at a later stage. Sometimes a distinction is made between fault gouge and fault breccia, the first has a smaller grain size.

Zones of fault breccia and fault gouge in rocks can be a hazard for the construction of tunnels and mines, as the non-cohesive zones form weak places in the rock where a tunnel can collapse more easily.

See also
Breccia
Cataclasite
Mylonite
Fault (geology)

References

Rocks
Tectonics
Breccias
Heuristic (engineering). In engineering, heuristics are experience-based methods used to reduce the need for calculations pertaining to equipment size, performance, or operating conditions.  Heuristics are fallible and do not guarantee a correct solution. It is important to understand their limitations when applying them to different equipment and processes.  Though heuristics are limited, they may be of value.   This is because they offer time-saving approximations in preliminary process design.

Problem solving methods are intrinsic to forensic engineering methods, where failures are analysed for the root cause or causes. Only when failures have been investigated with conclusive results can remedial action be taken with confidence.

Examples

Storage Vessels
These heuristics were taken from Turton's "Analysis, Synthesis, and Design of Chemical Processes".
Use vertical tanks on legs when the tank is less than 3.8 m3.
Use horizontal tanks on concrete supports when the tank is between 3.8 and 38 m3, 
Use vertical tanks on concrete pads when the tank is beyond 38 m3,
Liquids subject to breathing losses may be stored in tanks with floating or expansion roofs for conservation.
Freeboard is 15% below 1.9 m3 and 10% above 1.9 m3.
Thirty-day capacity often is specified for raw materials and products, but depends on connecting transportation equipment schedules.

Pumps
These heuristics were taken from Turton's "Analysis, Synthesis, and Design of Chemical Processes".
Centrifugal pumps: Single Stage: for of 0.057-18.9 m3/min, 152 m maximum head. Multistage: for 0.076-41.6 m3/min, 1675 m maximum head.  Efficiency is 45% at 0.378 m3/min, 70% at 1.89 m3/min, 80% at 37.8 m3/min.
Axial pumps: for 0.076–378 m3/min, 12 m head, 65-85% efficiency.
Rotary pumps: for 0.00378-18.9 m3/min, 15,200 m head, 50-80% efficiency.
Reciprocating pumps: for 0.0378-37.8 m3/min, 300 km head maximum.  Efficiency is 70% at 7.46 kW, 85% at 37.3 kW, and 90% at 373 kW.

References
Edgar Percival Aircraft. Edgar Percival Aircraft Limited was a British aircraft manufacturer from 1954 to 1958. The company was based at Stapleford Aerodrome, England.

History
In 1954, Edgar Percival formed Edgar Percival Aircraft Limited a few years after his original company the Percival Aircraft Company had become part of the Hunting Group. His first new design was Edgar Percival E.P.9 which was a utility aircraft designed for agricultural use.

In 1958 Samlesbury Engineering Ltd Limited acquired rights to the design and the company formed a subsidiary named the Lancashire Aircraft Company Limited.

Aircraft
 Edgar Percival E.P.9

References

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the United Kingdom
Defunct aircraft manufacturers of England
British companies established in 1954
Manufacturing companies established in 1954
Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1958
1954 establishments in England
1958 disestablishments in England
Itabashi Botanical Garden. The  is an indoor botanical garden located at 8-29-2 Takashimadaira, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan. There is also an aquarium on site.
It is open daily except Mondays. It was closed to start renovation work in September 2020 and reopened on April 20, 2021.

History
The Itabashi Botanical Garden is a garden that utilizes the residual heat from the Itabashi Garbage Disposal Plant, and was opened in September 1994  after renovating the existing greenhouse botanical garden. Around the same time as the opening, Itabashi Ward signed a "Joint Declaration of Friendship" with the government of Penang, Malaysia. 2005 saw the introduction of a designated manager system, and a joint venture of Seibu Landscaping, Yokohama Hakkeijima, and Seibu Greenery Management was entrusted with the management of the facility. Renovation work began in September 2020, was completed in April 2021, and the garden reopened on April 20, 2021.

Overview
The terrestrial exhibits include a nipa palm mangrove forest, and a greenhouse with Southeast Asian plants that include species such as Dipterocarpaceae, orchids, and rhododendrons. An attached Malaysian coffee shop is open to the public as a rest area on weekdays.
 
The aquarium inside the botanical garden is home to fish species from the deep sea, coral reefs, and Asian tropical rainforests. There are also giant freshwater stingrays on display.

See also 
Facilities with the same Management
Yokohama Hakkeijima Sea Paradise
Maxell Aqua Park Shinagawa
Sendai Umino-Mori Aquarium
Joetsu Aquarium
Xpark
List of botanical gardens in Japan

References

External links
 Itabashi Botanical Garden (Japanese)
 Jardins Botaniques Japonais article
 Living in Itabashi
 Yellow Pages Japan

Botanical gardens in Japan
Gardens in Tokyo
Greenhouses in Japan
Aquaria in Japan
Churchill–Bernstein equation. In convective heat transfer, the Churchill–Bernstein equation is used to estimate the surface averaged Nusselt number for a cylinder in cross flow at various velocities.  The need for the equation arises from the inability to solve the Navier–Stokes equations in the turbulent flow regime, even for a Newtonian fluid. When the concentration and temperature profiles are independent of one another, the mass-heat transfer analogy can be employed. In the mass-heat transfer analogy, heat transfer dimensionless quantities are replaced with analogous mass transfer dimensionless quantities.

This equation is named after Stuart W. Churchill and M. Bernstein, who introduced it in 1977. This equation is also called the Churchill–Bernstein correlation.

Heat transfer definition

where:
  is the surface averaged Nusselt number with characteristic length of diameter;
  is the Reynolds number with the cylinder diameter as its characteristic length;
  is the Prandtl number.

The Churchill–Bernstein equation is valid for a wide range of Reynolds numbers and Prandtl numbers, as long as the product of the two is greater than or equal to 0.2, as defined above. The Churchill–Bernstein equation can be used for any object of cylindrical geometry in which boundary layers develop freely, without constraints imposed by other surfaces. Properties of the external free stream fluid are to be evaluated at the film temperature in order to account for the variation of the fluid properties at different temperatures. One should not expect much more than 20% accuracy from the above equation due to the wide range of flow conditions that the equation encompasses. The Churchill–Bernstein equation is a correlation and cannot be derived from principles of fluid dynamics. The equation yields the surface averaged Nusselt number, which is used to determine the average convective heat transfer coefficient. Newton's law of cooling (in the form of heat loss per surface area being equal to heat transfer coefficient multiplied by temperature gradient) can then be invoked to determine the heat loss or gain from the object, fluid and/or surface temperatures, and the area of the object, depending on what information is known.

Mass transfer definition

where:
  is the Sherwood number related to hydraulic diameter
  is the Schmidt number

Using the mass-heat transfer analogy, the Nusselt number is replaced by the Sherwood number, and the Prandtl number is replaced by the Schmidt number. The same restrictions described in the heat transfer definition are applied to the mass transfer definition. The Sherwood number can be used to find an overall mass transfer coefficient and applied to Fick's law of diffusion to find concentration profiles and mass transfer fluxes.

See also 

Prandtl number
Reynolds number

Notes

References
 
 
 
 
 

Heat transfer
Convection
Studiomaster. Studiomaster is a British manufacturer of mixing consoles, power amplifiers, speaker cabinets, PA systems, and other professional audio equipment. It is a partner company of Carlsbro, which covers the instrument amplification side of the business. Studiomaster was established in the 1970s and the brand name is now under the umbrella of SCC Audio Ltd which is based in Milton Keynes, UK.

External links 
 Official website

Loudspeaker manufacturers
Audio amplifier manufacturers
Audio mixing console manufacturers
Audio equipment manufacturers of the United Kingdom
Kibrit Air Base. Kibrit Air Base (formerly Kabrit Air Base) is an operational Egyptian Air Force (, ) helicopter base located in Egypt, approximately 20 miles north of Suez and 125 km east of Cairo. An SA-342 Gazelle unit is based here. The name of the station came from a nearby village, and in Egyptian means "sulphur". Kabrit now is the name of a pilot station for Suez canal navigation on the same location.

History
During World War II the facility was known as Royal Air Force Station Kabrit, (Landing Ground 213) and was a major Royal Air Force facility which was used during the Western Desert campaign.  In 1941, it was where the Special Air Service (SAS) was formed.  Beginning in 1943, United States Army Air Forces Ninth Air Force units arrived to supplement the RAF against the Germans in the Western Desert.  After the war, Kabrit remained a RAF station, hosting transport squadrons, five circa 1946. This continued until the breakdown in relations between the British and Egyptian governments in 1956, when the decision was taken to pull out British forces from the Suez Canal Zone.

The airfield was taken over by the Egyptian Air Force and renamed "Kibrit", becoming one of its main airfields.  During the 1956 Suez Crisis, it was an airfield for 20 Squadron EAF, equipped with twelve Soviet-built Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 aircraft.  During the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, the station was attacked by the Israeli Air Force, and many of its Soviet-built MiG-17 aircraft were destroyed on the ramp by the IAF's Dassault Mystère IVs. In the 1973 Yom Kippur War with Israel, the airfield was captured by Israeli ground forces that crossed the Suez Canal along with Kasfreet and Shalufa Airfields, however it was not used by the Israeli Air Force.

Kibrit remains an Egyptian Air Force base. Currently, the airfield houses an SA-342 Gazelle unit. Its main runways are having their asphalt removed, but the hangars are still being used for housing the helicopters.

Operational units and aircraft

See also
 List of former Royal Air Force stations
 List of North African airfields during World War II

References

 Jefford, C.G. RAF Squadrons, a Comprehensive Record of the Movement and Equipment of all RAF Squadrons and their Antecedents since 1912. Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing, 2001. .

 Maurer, Maurer. Air Force Combat Units of World War II. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History, 1983. .
 
 Royal Air Force Airfield Creation for the Western Desert Campaign

Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces in Egypt
World War II airfields in Egypt
HYLAS-1. HYLAS (or HYLAS-1) is a British satellite in geostationary orbit. HYLAS, which is an acronym for Highly Adaptable Satellite, is a communications satellite and was launched by the European Ariane 5 launch vehicle from the Guyana Space Centre at Kourou in French Guiana. It is located at the orbital location of 33.5 degrees west and will provide new and innovative services including High Definition Television (HDTV) and interactive satellite delivered broadband services.
 The satellite will help address the issue of poor broadband coverage in many parts of Europe which have less developed ground infrastructure.

Construction
HYLAS was constructed by EADS Astrium for the UK telecommunications company Avanti Communications Plc. Development of the satellite was supported by a £23m investment from the British National Space Centre (BNSC).

Launch
Avanti purchased for HYLAS a launch to geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) on a Falcon 9 launch vehicle. The purchase, in September 2007, made Avanti the first customer to purchase a commercial geostationary launch from SpaceX. In July 2009 Arianespace announced that HYLAS would instead be launched in 2010, "using an Ariane 5 or Soyuz launcher" from Arianespace. Avanti had previously criticized Arianespace as being overly expensive, but a move to Arianespace was motivated by prospective customers' concerns about launch risks associated with Falcon 9. Also, additional financial assets became available, including 10.7 million pounds from British contributions ESA's Artes telecommunications development program.

HYLAS successfully launched at 18:41 GMT on the 26 November 2010 by Ariane 5.

Mission
HYLAS is based on the Indian Space Research Organisation's I-2K small satellite platform under a cooperative arrangement between EADS Astrium and ISRO/Antrix.

The HYLAS payload carries two Ku band transponders, intended mainly for HDTV, and six Ka band transponders feeding up to eight Spotbeams, allowing the provision of between 150,000 and 300,000 simultaneous broadband Internet connections. The HYLAS satellite had a launch mass of around 2100 kg and a beginning-of-life power of 3.5 kW.

Orbital position 
The orbital position of HYLAS was adjusted to 18.3° West Longitude during June 2019.

See also

HYLAS-2
HYLAS-3

References

External links
Astrium Programme Manager for HYLAS 1, presents in a video satellite's characteristics
Avanti PLC HYLAS 1 homepage
Avanti Hylas Worldwide sales and install service.

Spacecraft launched in 2010
Satellites of the United Kingdom
European Space Agency satellites
Communications satellites in geostationary orbit
Ariane commercial payloads
Humanistic intelligence. Humanistic Intelligence (HI) is defined, in the context of wearable computing, by Marvin Minsky, Ray Kurzweil, and Steve Mann, as follows:
Humanistic Intelligence [HI] is intelligence that arises because of a human being in the feedback loop of a computational process, where the human and computer are inextricably intertwined.  When a wearable computer embodies HI and becomes so technologically advanced that its intelligence matches our own biological brain, something much more powerful emerges from this synergy that gives rise to superhuman intelligence within the single “cyborg” being.
More generally (beyond only wearable computing), HI describes the creation of  intelligence that results from a feedback loop between a computational process and a human being, where the human and computer are inextricably intertwined.

In the field of human-computer interaction (HCI) it has been common to think of the human and computer as separate entities. HCI emphasizes this separateness by treating the human and computer as different entities that interact.  However, HI theory thinks of the wearer and the computer with its associated input and output facilities not as separate entities, but  regards the computer as a second brain and its sensory modalities as additional senses, in which synthetic synesthesia merges with the wearer's senses. When a wearable computer functions in a successful embodiment of HI, the computer uses the human's mind and body as one of its peripherals, just as the human uses the computer as a peripheral. This reciprocal relationship is at the heart of HI.

Courses
The principles are taught in a variety of university courses, such as:
CSE40814, Mobile Computing, Fall 2014, University of Notre Dame
ECE516, Intelligent Image Processing, 1998-2022, University of Toronto
ECE1724, "Superhumachines" (Super-human-machine intelligence), University of Toronto
Course: Wearable Computing, VAK: 03-799.01, Time: Mo, 13-15, Place: 1.51 TAB (ECO5), Instructor: Dr. Holger Kenn, Microsoft EMIC, Monday: Tel: 3035, TAB, 1.92, Universität Bremen

See also 
 Cybernetics

References

External links
Hawkeye Project

Human–computer interaction