omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Ethylene glycol (data page). This page provides supplementary chemical data on ethylene glycol.

Material Safety Data Sheet  

The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommended that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS) for this chemical from a reliable source and follow its directions.

Science Stuff
Mallinckrodt Baker.

Structure and properties

Thermodynamic properties

Vapor pressure of liquid

Table data obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 44th ed.

Freezing point of aqueous solutions

Table obtained from Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed. Specific gravity is referenced to water at 15.6 °C.

See also

Distillation data

Spectral data

References

 

Chemical data pages
Chemical data pages cleanup

es:Etilenglicol página de datos
Huff-Daland TW-5. The Huff-Daland Type XV Training Water-Cooled TW-5 was a biplane trainer designed by the Huff-Daland Aero Corporation in the early 1920s for the United States Army Air Service.

Design and development
It was a development of the TA-6 (which itself was a one-off redesigned TA-2 with a 220 hp Lawrance J-1 air-cooled engine) but powered by a 190 hp Wright-Hispano E2. In 1924, the designation system was revised, and the TW-5 became an Advanced Trainer AT-1. In 1927, Huff-Daland Aero Corporation became a division of Keystone Aircraft Corporation.

Operational history
Versions of the AT-1 were built for the United States Navy as training and observation aircraft.

Variants

TA-6 (Trainer, Air-cooled type 6)
Powered by the 200 hp Lawrance J-1 air-cooled engine, 1 built
TW-5 (Trainer, Water-cooled type 5)
Powered by the 150-hp (112-kW) Wright-Hispano I engine, 5 built.
AT-1
U.S. Army Advanced Trainer, 10 built.
AT-2
One aircraft tested in a number of single-seat and two-seat versions
HN-1
United States Navy version of the AT-1 powered by a 180hp Wright-Hispano E2 engine, 3 built.
HN-2
United States Navy version of the AT-1 powered by a 200hp Lawrance J-1, 3 built.
HO-1
United States Navy observation version of the HN-1 powered by a 180hp Wright-Hispano E2 engine with interchangeable wheel or float undercarriage, 3 built

Operators

United States Army Air Service
United States Navy

Specifications (AT-1)

See also

References

"United States Military Aircraft Since 1908" by Gordon Swanborough & Peter M. Bowers, 1977, 675 pp.

Huff-Daland TW-05
TW-05
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Huff-Daland. Huff-Daland was an American aircraft manufacturer. Formed as Ogdensburg Aeroway Corp in 1920 in Ogdensburg, New York by Thomas Huff and Elliot Daland, its name was quickly changed to Huff-Daland Aero Corp and then in 1925 it was changed again to Huff-Daland Aero Company with its main headquarters in Bristol, Pennsylvania. Huff-Daland produced a series of biplanes as trainers, observation planes, and light bombers for the U.S. Army and Navy.

From 1923-1924, Huff-Daland developed the first aircraft designed for crop dusting and began selling and promoting the new service through a subsidiary Huff Daland Dusters founded on March 2, 1925. C.E. Woolman, general manager, led a group of local investors to acquire the company's assets; the dusting subsidiary became a founding component of Delta Air Lines. 

In 1927, the corporation was taken over by Hayden, Stone & Company, a New York City brokerage firm and in the course of the merger it became the Huff-Daland Division of the Keystone Aircraft Corporation. A single example of the Huff-Daland XB-1 bomber became the Keystone XB-1B, after its original Packard 2A-1500 engines were replaced with Curtiss V-1570-5 "Conqueror" engines. The Improved -B aircraft had better performance than the original, but still did not compare favorably to the other aircraft of the period and never entered production.

Keystone merged with the Loening Company in 1928. By 1931, Keystone had become the Keystone Aircraft Division of the Curtiss-Wright Corporation.

Aircraft models 
 Huff-Daland HD-1B
 Huff-Daland HD-4
 Huff-Daland HD-8A
 Huff-Daland HD-9A
 Huff-Daland TA-2 biplane observation/trainer
 Huff-Daland TA-6, TW-5, AT-1, AT-2, HN-1, HN-2, HO-1 biplane observation/trainers (1923–1925)
 Huff-Daland LB-1 light bomber
 Huff-Daland XB-1 Twin-engine experimental military bomber biplane (1927)
 Huff-Daland XHB-1 experimental heavy bomber
 XLB-3 Twin-engine experimental military bomber biplane (1930)

References

External links

Aerofiles

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the United States
Companies based in New York (state)
Lawrance J-1. The Lawrance J-1 was an engine developed by Charles Lanier Lawrance and used in American aircraft in the early 1920s. It was a nine-cylinder, air-cooled radial design.

Development

During World War I the Lawrance Aero Engine Company of New York City produced the crude opposed twins that powered the Penguin trainers, and the Lawrance L-1 60 hp Y-type radial.

After the end of World War I, the Lawrance engineers worked with both the Army and the Navy in developing their L-1 onto a nine-cylinder radial engine, which became the 200 hp Model J-1. It was the best American air-cooled engine at the time and passed its 50-hour test in 1922.

The U.S. Navy badly needed light, reliable engines for its carrierborne aircraft. As a means of pressuring Wright and other companies into developing radial engines, it gave a contract to Lawrance for 200 of the J-1 radial and ceased buying the liquid-cooled Wright-Hispano engines. At the urging of the Army and Navy the Wright Aeronautical Corporation bought the Lawrance Company, and subsequent engines were known as Wright radials. The Wright Whirlwind had essentially the same lower end (crankcase, cam, and crankshaft) as the J-1.

Applications
 Dayton-Wright XPS-1
 Naval Aircraft Factory N2N
 Naval Aircraft Factory TS-1
 Huff-Daland TA-2 trainer prototype - one example only re-engined
 Huff-Daland TA-5 trainer prototype
 Huff-Daland TA-6 trainer prototype
 Huff-Daland HN-2 naval trainer

Engines on display
The New England Air Museum in Windsor Locks, Connecticut, has a Lawrance J-1 on display.

Specifications (J-1)

See also
 ABC Dragonfly, contemporary production British air-cooled nine-cylinder aviation radial, unsuccessful in service.

References

External links

 Wright J-5 "Whirlwind" (PDF), by Kimble D. McCutcheon, from the Aircraft Engine Historical Society (AEHS).
 Part 2 of "Air-Cooled Aircraft Engine Cylinders", by George Genevro, also from AEHS.
  A detailed contemporary discussion of the Lawrance engine from Flight magazine.
 

1920s aircraft piston engines
Aircraft air-cooled radial piston engines
J-1
List of solar thermal power stations. This is a list of the largest facilities generating electricity through the use of solar thermal power, specifically concentrated solar power.

Operational

Under construction

Announced

Cancelled

Decommissioned 
Eurelios pilot plant, a 1 MW, power tower design in Adrano, Sicily, operational 1981–1987
Solar One pilot plant, operational 1982–1986; converted into Solar Two, operational 1995–1999; site demolished 2009 – USA California, 10 MW, power tower design
SES-5 – USSR, 5 MW, power tower design, water / Steam, service period 1985–1989
Maricopa Solar – USA Peoria, Arizona, 1.5 MW dish stirling SES / Tessera Solar's first commercial-scale Dish Stirling power plant. Completed January 2010, decommissioned September 2011 and sold to CondiSys Solar Technology of China in April 2012.

Largest plants by technology

See also

Concentrated solar power
List of concentrating solar thermal power companies
List of energy storage projects
List of large wind farms
List of largest power stations in the world
List of photovoltaic power stations
Plataforma Solar de Almería
Renewable energy commercialization
Renewable energy industry
Solar power by country
Solar power in China
Solar power plants in the Mojave Desert
Solar thermal energy
Solar Turbine Plants

References

Further reading
Clean Tech Nation: How the U.S. Can Lead in the New Global Economy (2012) by Ron Pernick and Clint Wilder
Deploying Renewables 2011 (2011) by the International Energy Agency
Reinventing Fire: Bold Business Solutions for the New Energy Era (2011) by Amory Lovins
Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation (2011) by the IPCC
Solar Energy Perspectives (2011) by the International Energy Agency
Energy Transition in Metropolises, Rural Areas and Deserts (2020) by Wiley

External links
 CSP World
 CSP plants and projects plotted on Google Earth
 National Renewable Energy Laboratories list of US Solar Trough Plants

 
Solar
Solar thermal
Solar
Vehicle Area Network. The Vehicle Area Network (VAN) is a vehicle bus developed by PSA Peugeot Citroën and Renault. It is a serial protocol capable of speeds up to 125 kbit/s and is standardised in ISO 11519-3.

At the media layer, VAN is a differential bus with dominant and recessive states signalling ones and zeros much like CAN bus. The data is encoded using enhanced Manchester which sets it apart from almost every other line signalling protocol. This encodes blocks of 4 bits as 3 non-return-to-zero encoded bits followed by 1 Manchester encoded bit.

References

External links
 More VAN bus information

Computer buses
Hospital OS. Hospital OS is a research and development project for a hospital management software to support small hospitals. It is supported by the Thailand Research Fund and is free software released under the GNU GPL.

Hospital OS is implemented in 95 small rural hospitals and 402 health centres serving at least 5 million patients.

See also
GNU Health
HOSxP
List of open-source health software

References

External links

OpenClinical Open Source downloads: Hospital OS

Free health care software
Information technology in Thailand
D&b audiotechnik. d&b audiotechnik is a German loudspeaker and amplifier manufacturer, founded in 1981, located in Backnang, north of Stuttgart. d&b is an international company with subsidiaries in Europe, America and Asia. Their products are produced in Germany. d&b equipment is mainly used in the rental and installation markets.

Amnon Harman has been CEO  since 2014.

Milestones

1981-1990
April 18, 1981 - d&b audiotechnik is registered as a business in Korb near Stuttgart by Jürgen Daubert and Rolf Belz

1985 - The first complete product line

1988 - The 1220 system is d&b's entry into the installation market.

1989 - The company moves to Backnang. Their first overseas offices are opened in Great Britain and Scandinavia.

1991-2000
1996 - The company opens its first office in Italy

1997 - d&b audiotechnik begins using digital signal processing technology

1998 - An office in United States is opened

1999 and 2000 - Offices in Japan, France and Spain are opened, construction begins on a second factory on the same premises.

2001-2011
2003 - d&b launch the Q-Series and the D12 amplifier.

2004 - d&b audiotechnik launches the Cardioid Subwoofer Array and the ROPE C software to provide central control and monitoring of the systems.

2006 - The launch of the J-Series

2007 - Launch of the  R1 Remote control software

2008 - A new office building and factory opens

2010 - Launch of the T-Series

2011-Present

2014 - d&b launches its first column loudspeakers, xC-Series

2015 - d&b launches ArrayCalc V8 simulation software, featuring ArrayProcessing software

2017 - d&b Soundscape [DS100 Signal Engine + En-Scene and En-Space software]  launched

2018 - The GSL line-array system from the SL-Series launched

2019 - The A-Series launched

2020 - d&b audiotechnik launched the KSLi system

2021 - d&b announce d&b solutions GmbH & Co. KG, and the acquisition of UK AV provider, SFL Group.

2021 - d&b announce d&b solutions GmbH & Co. KG, acquires UK lighting rental company, Whitelight.

References

External links

 

Audio equipment manufacturers of Germany
Companies based in Baden-Württemberg
Music equipment manufacturers
Loudspeaker manufacturers
Tony McDonnell (space scientist). Tony McDonnell is a Professor (Emeritus) of Planetary and Space Sciences.  
Specialising in space science and a recognised authority in cosmic dust, he was 
Professor of Space Sciences at the University of Kent and Professor of Planetary and Space Sciences at the Open University.

Space Science
Tony McDonnell started his career at the Jodrell Bank Observatory, providing the opportunity for space research, where innovative 
satellite-borne detectors were developed to measure the threat to survival in space environments. They were to be his career speciality.

Following a NASA fellowship, he joined the University of Kent in 1967 and, over 30 years, successfully developed the Unit for 
Space Sciences and Astronomy. His research included analysis of Moon rocks from NASA Apollo Programme and USSR Luna missions; hypervelocity impacts and 
specialised facilities; experiments during Giotto’s flyby of Halleys Comet; and interplanetary explorations by the Ulysses and Galileo probes.  Together with Peter Tsou and Don Brownlee, he was the first to demonstrate the intact capture of space particulates in aerogel, the baseline technique used in the Stardust Mission.
He has played a significant role in the UK framework and funding for the exploration of space, including the Rosetta, Stardust, 
Cassini/Huygens missions and the International Space Station facilities.  In 1984, the International Astronomical Union named asteroid 9159 McDonnell after him.  He is also author of Cosmic Dust, a milestone in Solar System Cosmic Dust Research.

In 2000, he and his team moved from the University of Kent to form the UK’s largest space team at the Open University and triggered the building of the Planetary and Space Sciences Research Institute.

He is now retired and working on a barn renovation in Dordogne, France. A friend has helped.

References
http://stardust.jpl.nasa.gov/news/bio_mcdonnell.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20060715010117/http://pssri.open.ac.uk/gucs2004/tonybook.pdf

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Academics of the University of Kent
Academics of the Open University
British space scientists
Science and Technology Centre. Science and Technology Centre (or Science and Technology Center) may refer to:
Asia Pacific Network of Science and Technology Centres, Canberra, Australia
Ghana Space Science and Technology Centre, Ghana
Laser Science and Technology Centre, Delhi, India
International Science and Technology Center, Moscow, Russia
National Space Science and Technology Center, Huntsville, Alabama, United States
Questacon – the National Science and Technology Centre, Canberra, Australia
Science and Technology Center in Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
Science and Technology Centre, Whiteknights Campus of Reading University
United States Army Foreign Science and Technology Center, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
Sovite. Sovite (or sövite) is the coarse-grained variety (or facies) of carbonatite, an intrusive, igneous rock. The fine-grained variety of carbonatite is known as alvikite. The two varieties are distinguished by minor and trace element compositions. Sovite is often a medium-to-coarse-grained calcite rock with variable accessory amphibole, biotite, pyrite, pyrochlore and fluorite.

See also
 Panda Hill Carbonatite

References

Igneous rocks
Mission and Spacecraft Library. Mission and Spacecraft Library (MSL) is a reference web site, maintained by NASA, containing information about satellites. It contains a catalog of several hundreds of satellites from different countries. The site was founded by Jet Propulsion Laboratory employee Mike Evans, who had a vision of building a database that would be publicly accessible via the World Wide Web. The site has not been updated since 1999.

References

External links 
Mission and Spacecraft Library

American educational websites
Online databases
Government databases in the United States
NASA online
Spaceflight
Roving bridge. A roving bridge, changeline bridge, turnover bridge, or snake bridge is a bridge over a canal constructed to allow a horse towing a boat to cross the canal when the towpath changes sides. This often involved unhitching the tow line, but on some canals they were constructed so that there was no need to do this by placing the two ramps on the same side of the bridge (see middle photo), which turned the horse through 360 degrees. On the Macclesfield Canal this was achieved by building spiral ramps and on the Stratford-upon-Avon Canal and others by constructing roving bridges of iron in two cantilevered halves, leaving a slot in the middle for the tow rope. This was also called a split bridge. For cost reasons many ordinary Stratford bridges were also built in this way as they had no towpath.

Bridges were also necessary at canal junctions and where the towpath was interrupted by side arms. These are strictly speaking side bridges, but they are often referred to as roving bridges. Well-known ones occur at Hawkesbury Junction and Haywood Junction. The Birmingham Canal Navigations has many examples, mainly of cast iron, which took the towpaths across factory arms.

The ramps of the bridge are typically studded with alternating rows of protruding bricks to prevent the feet of the horse from sliding. The bridge may be constructed of cast iron (particularly in industrial areas) or of more conventional brick or stone.

See also

Canals of the United Kingdom
History of the British canal system
Mule ramp
Spiral bridge
Horse-drawn boat
Narrowboat
Widebeam boat

References

Water transport infrastructure
Canals
Bridges by mode of traffic
Handley-Knight. The Handley-Knight (as it was originally known) was an automobile built in Kalamazoo, Michigan by Handley Motors Incorporated from 1921 to 1923.  From its inception to early 1923, it used the sleeve valve four-cylinder Knight engine.  Thereafter, the Models 6/60 and the 6/40, used the Midwest and Falls six-cylinder engines.  On both models, small handle attachments (or loops) encircled the upper sections of the headlamps and helped enthusiasts to recognize the vehicles.  Their motto was, "If it carries handles, it's a Handley".  The Checker Cab company bought the Handley interests in May 1923.

References
 

Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States
Motor vehicle manufacturers based in Michigan
Companies based in Kalamazoo, Michigan
Defunct manufacturing companies based in Michigan
List of surviving Boeing B-47 Stratojets. The Boeing B-47 Stratojet is an American jet-engine Strategic Bomber used by the United States Air Force from 1951 until 1977. Of the 2,032 aircraft built, 20 survive today, none of which are airworthy. All are located in the United States.

Surviving aircraft

References

B-47 Stratojet, List

Boeing B-47 Stratojets
Henry (automobile). The Henry was an American automobile built in Muskegon, Michigan by the Henry Motor Car Company from 1910 to 1912. The first model built was a five-seat tonneau with a 35 hp engine which sold for $1,750 (). Both 20 hp and 40 hp engines were made available in 1911, and these were available in five body styles. The 1911 two-seater roadster had running board mounted toolboxes.

References
 

Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States
Motor vehicle manufacturers based in Michigan
Muskegon, Michigan
Defunct manufacturing companies based in Michigan
Cars introduced in 1910
PWS-18. The PWS-18 was a Polish trainer aircraft, used from 1937 to 1939 by the Polish Air Force, a modified licence variant of the British Avro Tutor.

Development
In 1934, the Polish government, looking for an intermediate  military trainer, bought two Avro Tutor trainer aircraft together with a licence to produce the aircraft. Production was ordered in the PWS (Podlaska Wytwórnia Samolotów - Podlasie Aircraft Factory). In 1935, Antoni Uszacki of the PWS modified the design, fitting it with a Wright Whirlwind engine, produced under licence in Poland. The new engine cowling was much longer than the previous Townend ring type, with a carburetor air intake below it. The wing construction was changed from metal to wooden, better fitted to PWS capabilities, and the rectangular wing tips were rounded. Also some other details were changed, such as a tailskid instead of a tailwheel.

A series of 40 aircraft was built in 1935-1936 (1936-1937 according to some references). They were assigned military numbers 80-1 to 80-40. They were not produced in larger numbers because a successful indigenous Polish advanced trainer, the PWS-26, using the same engine, was designed and entered production.

Operational history
PWS-18s were used in the Polish military aviation, among others in Airforce Training Center in Dęblin, an NCO school for minors in Bydgoszcz and in training escadres of air regiments. None survived World War II.

Operators

Polish Air Force

Specifications

See also

References

Further reading

External links

Photos and drawing at Ugolok Neba page

1930s Polish military trainer aircraft
PWS aircraft
Biplanes
Single-engined piston aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Methoxyethane. Methoxyethane, also known as ethyl methyl ether, is a colorless gaseous ether with the formula . Unlike the related dimethyl ether and diethyl ether, which are widely used and studied, this mixed alkyl ether has no current applications. It is a structural isomer of isopropyl alcohol. Its utility as an anesthetic and solvent have been investigated.

References

Dialkyl ethers
Ether solvents
Ralph Freeman. Ralph Freeman may refer to:

 Ralph Freeman (MP for Northampton) (by 1509-58/59), English MP for Northampton (UK Parliament constituency)
 Ralph Freeman (MP for Winchelsea) (1589–1667), English MP for Winchelsea (UK Parliament constituency)
 Ralph Freeman (lawyer) (fl. 1610–1655), English civil lawyer, dramatist and translator
 Ralph Freeman (Lord Mayor) (died 1634), English merchant who was Lord Mayor of London in 1633
 Ralph Freeman (civil engineer, born 1880) (1880–1950), undertook design work for the Sydney Harbour Bridge and founder of Freeman, Fox & Partners
 Ralph Freeman (civil engineer, born 1911) (1911–1998), son of the above, designer of the Humber Suspension Bridge
 Ralph M. Freeman (1902–1990), American judge

See also
Ralph Freman (disambiguation)
Ralph Friedman (1916–1995), American author
Ralph Friedman (1903/4–1992), Chairman of the American Jewish Committee
Avia BH-7. 
The Avia BH-7 was a prototype fighter aircraft built in Czechoslovakia in 1923.  It was a parasol-wing monoplane developed in tandem with, and as an alternative to the BH-6, which shared its fuselage and tail design. Like the BH-6, the BH-7 was involved in a number of serious crashes during its test programme, which led to its abandonment as a fighter. Undaunted, however, Avia used the design as the basis for a racing aircraft, shortening the wingspan by 1.4 m (4 ft 7 in), fairing the wing directly onto the top of the fuselage and dispensing with the cabane struts. This revised version was designated BH-7B and the fighter (retrospectively) as the BH-7A. When the design proved no more successful as a racer, it was finally put to rest.

Specifications

See also

References

 
 
 Němeček, V. (1968). Československá letadla. Praha: Naše Vojsko.
 airwar.ru

Single-engined tractor aircraft
Parasol-wing aircraft
1920s Czechoslovak fighter aircraft
BH-07