omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Triuranium octoxide. Triuranium octoxide (U3O8) is a compound of uranium. It is present as an olive green to black, odorless solid. It is one of the more popular forms of yellowcake and is shipped between mills and refineries in this form.

U3O8 has potential long-term stability in a geologic environment. In the presence of oxygen (O2), uranium dioxide (UO2) is oxidized to U3O8, whereas uranium trioxide (UO3) loses oxygen at temperatures above 500 °C and is reduced to U3O8. The compound can be produced by any one of three primary chemical conversion processes, involving either uranium tetrafluoride (UF4) or uranyl fluoride (UO2F2) as intermediates. It is generally considered to be the more attractive form for disposal purposes because, under normal environmental conditions, U3O8 is one of the most kinetically and thermodynamically stable forms of uranium. Its particle density is 8.3 g cm−3.

Triuranium octoxide is converted to uranium hexafluoride for the purpose of uranium enrichment.

Solid state structure
The solid is a layered structure where the layers are bridged by oxygen atoms, each layer contains uranium atoms which are in different coordination environments.

Bond valence study
Using a  box with the uranium atom in the centre, the bond valence calculation was performed for both U1 and U2 in solid. It was found, using the parameters for U(VI), that the calculated oxidation states for U1 and U2 are 5.11 and 5.10. Using the parameters for U(IV), the calculated oxidation states are 5.78 and 5.77 for U1 and U2, respectively. These studies suggests that all the uranium atoms have the same oxidation state, so that the oxidation states are disordered through the lattice.

Other studies have shown evidence that a two U5+ and a single U6+, or other similar combinations, may be a more correct representation.

References

Uranium(IV,VI) compounds
Oxides
Mixed valence compounds
Nuclear materials
Ridgway Dam. Ridgway Dam is an earthen dam on the Uncompahgre River which impounds Ridgway Reservoir, located about 6 miles (10 km) north of the town of Ridgway in Ouray County, Colorado. The dam is  high and  long, with a capacity of  of water.

Ridgway Dam was built as part of the Dallas Creek Project.  Construction began in 1978 and completed in 1987.  The construction of the dam forced the re-routing of U.S. Highway 550 to the east and the abandonment of the Ridgway Branch of the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad.

Hydroelectric retrofitting
In 2014, work was completed on retrofitting the dam to add a hydroelectric plant. The dam's operator, Tri-County Water Conservancy District, installed two turbines and generators, an 8 kW system and a 7.2 MW system. The larger one is used in summer and the smaller one in winter. The electricity created is sold to the Tri-State Generation & Transmission Association and to the City of Aspen. Construction of the new hydroelectric project cost approximately $18 million. In an average year, the two generators produce about 24,000 megawatt hours of electric power.

See also
 List of reservoirs and dams in the United States

References

External links
 U.S. Bureau of Reclamation - Dallas Creek Project

Dams in Colorado
Hydroelectric power plants in Colorado
Buildings and structures in Ouray County, Colorado
United States Bureau of Reclamation dams
Dams completed in 1987
Energy infrastructure completed in 2014
Dams in the Colorado River basin
Technical. Technical may refer to:

 Technical (vehicle), an improvised fighting vehicle
 Technical area, an area which a manager, other coaching personnel, and substitutes are allowed to occupy during a football match
 Technical advisor, a person who advises the director on the convincing portrayal of a subject in a film production
 Technical analysis, a discipline for forecasting the future direction of prices through the study of past market data
 Technical drawing, showing how something is constructed or functions (also known as drafting) 
 Technical file, a set of technical drawings
 Technical death metal, a subgenre of death metal that focuses on complex rhythms, riffs, and song structures
 Technical foul, an infraction of the rules in basketball usually concerning unsportsmanlike non-contact behavior
 Technical geography, one of the main branches of geography
 Technical rehearsal for a performance, often simply referred to as a technical
 Technical support, a range of services providing assistance with technology products
 Vocational education, often known as technical education
 Legal technicality, an aspect of law

See also 
 Lego Technic, a line of Lego toys
 Tech (disambiguation)
 Technicals (disambiguation)
 Technics (disambiguation)
 Technique (disambiguation)
 Technology (disambiguation)
IML. IML may refer to:

Events 

 International Mr. Leather, a pageant and convention
 International Ms. Leather, a pageant and convention

Computing 
 Interactive matrix language, a part of SAS (software)
 Initial Microprogram Load, reloading Microcode into a Writable Control Store (WCS)
 Integrated Management Log, a server technology of Hewlett-Packard

Organizations 

 Instituti i Mjekësisë Ligjore, an Albanian institute of forensics
 IML Walking Association, promotes non competitive walking events
 International Monarchist League, a political organisation
 One of various Institutes of Modern Languages
 Investors Mutual Limited, an Australian asset management limited company

Other uses 
 In-mould labelling, a plastic production process
 Intermediolateral nucleus, a part of the spinal cord
 Information and media literacy, the skill that helps people form and share informed judgements while working with information and media

See also

 
 
 
 IM 1 (disambiguation)
 IMI (disambiguation)
 lML (disambiguation)
Wagnerite. Wagnerite is a mineral, a combined phosphate and fluoride of iron and magnesium, with the formula .  It occurs in pegmatite associated with other phosphate minerals. It is named after Franz Michael von Wagner (1768–1851), a German mining official in Munich.

References

Bibliography
Palache, P.; Berman H.; Frondel, C. (1960). "Dana's System of Mineralogy, Volume II: Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. (Seventh Edition)" John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, pp. 845–847.

Magnesium minerals
Iron(II) minerals
Phosphate minerals
Fluorine minerals
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 14
End of interrupt. An end of interrupt (EOI) is a computing signal sent to a programmable interrupt controller (PIC) to indicate the completion of interrupt processing for a given interrupt. Interrupts are used to facilitate hardware signals sent to the processor that temporarily stop a running program and allow a special program, an interrupt handler, to run instead. An EOI is used to cause a PIC to clear the corresponding bit in the in-service register (ISR), and thus allow more interrupt requests (IRQs) of equal or lower priority to be generated by the PIC.

EOIs may indicate the interrupt vector implicitly or explicitly. An explicit EOI vector is indicated with the EOI, whereas an implicit EOI vector will typically use a vector as indicated by the PICs priority schema, for example the highest vector in the ISR. Also, EOIs may be sent at the end of interrupt processing by an interrupt handler, or the operation of a PIC may be set to auto-EOI at the start of the interrupt handler.

See also 
 Intel 8259 – notable PIC from Intel
 Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller (APIC)
 OpenPIC and IBM MPIC
 Inter-processor interrupt (IPI)
 Interrupt latency
 Non-maskable interrupt (NMI)
 IRQL (Windows)

References 

Interrupts
Sorbent. A sorbent is an insoluble material that either absorbs or adsorbs liquids or gases. They are frequently used to remove pollutants and in the cleanup of chemical accidents and oil spills. Besides their uses in industry, sorbents are used in commercial products such as diapers and odor absorbents, and are researched for applications in environmental air analysis, particularly in the analysis of volatile organic compounds. The name sorbent is derived from sorption, which is itself a derivation from adsorption and absorption.

Mechanism of action 
Sorbents collect specific liquids or gases depending on the composition of the material being used in the sorbent. Some of the most common sorbents used to clean oil spills are made from materials that are both oleophilic and hydrophobic, have high surface area through structural designs that include pores and capillaries, and draw in liquid through capillary action. Sorbents may be used to collect undesirable ions and act like a reusable ion-exchange resin, composed of charged layers of material that can be heated or otherwise treated to remove pollutants. In this and similar cases, pollutant particles are attracted to the sorbent through electrostatic forces. Some sorbents chemically bind to particles through chemical adsorption, or chemisorption; this process is often more difficult to reverse.

Examples
Sorbents come in various forms and materials, including:
 Activated carbon, the most widely used sorbent, which has been known and manufactured since the 19th century,
 Molecular sieves, commonly made from zeolite,
 Sponges, which can absorb many times their own weight in liquid,
 Polypropylene fiber mats, which can be employed to absorb oil,
 Cellulose fiber products used for oil or chemical sorption,
 The granular gel material in diapers, capable of absorbing multiple times its original weight in urine,
 Incontinence pads, which may also incorporate nonwoven fabric as a sorbent, and
 Desiccants, which attract water, thereby drying (desiccating) surrounding materials.

References

Desiccants
Natural materials
Synthetic materials
Pulsar (watch). Pulsar is a watch brand and currently a Seiko Watch Corporation of America (SCA) division. Pulsar was the world's first electronic digital watch. Current Pulsar watches are mostly analog and use the same movements in Seikos such as the 7T62 quartz chronograph movement.

History
 

In 1970, Pulsar was a brand of the American Hamilton Watch Company which first announced that it was making and bringing the LED watch to market. It was developed jointly by American companies Hamilton and Electro/Data Inc.  In the spring of 1972, the first Pulsar watch was marketed by Hamilton Watch (the parent company, not the Hamilton Watch Division). With an 18-carat gold case, the world's first all-electronic digital watch was also the first to use a digital display created with light-emitting diodes (LEDs). A button was pressed to display the time. The first Pulsar initially sold for $2,100 ($ in  dollars). In October 1972, the Potpourri segment in the issue of Playboy mentioned the first Pulsar, and included a photo. In 1975, a digital Pulsar with a built-in calculator was released. In 1978, Seiko Corporation acquired the Pulsar brand, it is mid-grade of their product range. By 2020, Seiko had ceased selling its Pulsar in the United Kingdom.

References

External links

 
 Website dedicated to vintage Pulsar watches

Seiko
Watch brands
3D-Calc. 3D-Calc is a 3-dimensional spreadsheet program for the Atari ST computer. The first version of the program was released in April 1989 and was distributed by ISTARI bvba, Ghent, Belgium.

History
Starting in May 1991, the English version was distributed by MichTron/Microdeal, Cornwall, UK.

In January 1992, version 2.3 of the program was licensed to Atari Corp., who released Dutch and French translations.

In 1994, version 3 of 3D-Calc (renamed 3D-Calc+) was licensed to the UK magazine ST Applications.

Today, 3D-Calc software is Freeware ("Public domain without source code") and can be downloaded freely.

In 1992–1993, it was ported to MS-DOS to serve as the basis of a new statistics software package MedCalc.

Features and reception
The spreadsheet contains 13 pages of 2048 rows and 256 columns. Cells of different pages could be cross-referenced. 3D Calc offers a GEM based user interface with icons, menus and function keys. Users can work on three spreadsheets at the same time with up to three GEM windows for each. The application supports on-screen help via the "?" menu and can import data from Lotus 1-2-3 (with some limitations).

The program includes an integrated scripting language, and an integrated text module with a data import feature from the spreadsheet, allowing formatted data output, mailmerge, label printing etc.

Peter Crush writing for the ST Format and ST Applications magazines commended 3D Calc for rich features including easy to use graph generation, but criticized no support for colours.

References 

1989 software
Spreadsheet software
Atari ST software
Freeware
Maximum magnitude. An important parameter in the calculation of seismic hazard, maximum magnitude (expressed as Moment magnitude scale) is also one of the more contentious. The choice of the value can greatly influence the final outcome of the results, yet this is most likely a size of earthquake that has not yet occurred in the region under study.

The seismic hazard calculation involves a double integration (integral) over the region, combined with the expected number (earthquake frequency) of earthquakes, from the smallest to the largest. The integration must close at the maximum magnitude. The figure shows a typical 'earthquake frequency' plot for a given region.

This is a typical plot for continental interiors. The circles represent actual earthquake data. Note that the dataset is complete for small magnitudes, but becomes erratic for the larger. At about M5, there are no records, simply because the historical record is usually too short. In some cases paleoseismology can fill some of the gap, but this is rare for continental regions.

The last part of the curve, perhaps the most important part, can be filled in by inference. This would come from studying similar geology throughout the world (using analogs to extend time), or by a study of fault mechanics. For example, large-scale studies have been conducted for Stable Continental Regions (SCR's), which are defined "as regions of continental crust that have not experienced any major tectonism, magmatism, basement metamorphism or anorogenic intrusion since the early Cretaceous, and no rifting or major extension or transtension since the Paleogene."

Finally there is the common question of what is the maximum magnitude for the whole world. Unfortunately, it cannot really be answered, since this earthquake has most likely not happened in the historical record, and we cannot search beyond the earth for analogs. Answers can again be inferred using the finite size of the world's plates (plate tectonics), and the possible limits of the various magnitude scales. The specific value, however, is not directly relevant to most people, since, except for tsunamis, the local shaking effects come to a maximum at about M8, and greater earthquakes simply extend the rupture distance.

References

Seismology
DBC 1012. The DBC/1012 Data Base Computer was a database machine introduced by Teradata Corporation in 1984, as a back-end data base management system for mainframe computers. 
The DBC/1012 harnessed multiple Intel microprocessors, each with its own dedicated disk drive, by interconnecting them with the Ynet switching network in a massively parallel processing system.
The DBC/1012 was designed to manage databases up to one terabyte (1,000,000,000,000 characters) in size; "1012" in the name refers to "10 to the power of 12".

Major components included:

 Mainframe-resident software to manage users and transfer data
 Interface processor (IFP) - the hardware connection between the mainframe and the DBC/1012
 Ynet - a custom-built system interconnect that supported broadcast and sorting
 Access module processor (AMP) - the unit of parallelism: includes microprocessor, disk drive, file system, and database software
 System console and printer
 TEQUEL (TEradata QUEry Language) - an extension of SQL

The DBC/1012 was designed to scale up to 1024 Ynet interconnected processor-disk units.  Rows of a relation (table) were distributed by hashing on the primary database index.

The DBC/1012 used a 474 megabyte Winchester disk drive with an average seek time of 18  milliseconds.  The disk drive was capable of transferring data at 1.9 MB/s although in practice the sustainable data rate was lower because the IO pattern tended towards random access and transfer lengths of 8 to 12 kilobytes.

The processor cabinet was 60 inches high and 27 inches wide, weighed 450 pounds, and held up to 8 microprocessor units.
The storage cabinet was 60 inches high and 27 inches wide, weighed 625 pounds, and held up to 4 disk storage units.

The DBC/1012 preceded the advent of redundant array of independent disks (RAID) technology, so data protection was provided by the "fallback" feature, which kept a logical copy of rows of a relation on different AMPs.  The collection of AMPs that provided this protection for each other was called a cluster.  A cluster could have from 2 to 16 AMPs.

The product could be integrated with optical disc drives. There were at least four models, marketed through about 1993.

References

Mainframe computers
Teradata
Enhanced biological phosphorus removal. Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) is a sewage treatment configuration applied to activated sludge systems for the removal of phosphate.

The common element in EBPR implementations is the presence of an anaerobic tank (nitrate and oxygen are absent) prior to the aeration tank. Under these conditions a group of heterotrophic bacteria, called polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAO) are selectively enriched in the bacterial community within the activated sludge. In the subsequent aerobic phase, these bacteria can accumulate large quantities of polyphosphate within their cells and the removal of phosphorus is said to be enhanced. EBPR can also integrate biological nitrogen removal through the addition of an anoxic zone where nitrate is present due to the denitrification capabilities of some PAO. 

Generally speaking, all bacteria contain a fraction (1-2%) of phosphorus in their biomass due to its presence in cellular components, such as membrane phospholipids and DNA. Therefore, as bacteria in a wastewater treatment plant consume nutrients in the wastewater, they grow and phosphorus is incorporated into the bacterial biomass. When PAOs grow they not only consume phosphorus for cellular components but also accumulate large quantities of polyphosphate within their cells. Thus, the phosphorus fraction of phosphorus accumulating biomass is 5-7%. In mixed bacterial cultures the phosphorus content will be maximal 3 - 4 % on total organic mass. If additional chemical precipitation takes place, for example to reach discharge limits, the P-content could be higher, but that is not affected by EBPR. This biomass is then separated from the treated (purified) water at end of the process and the phosphorus is thus removed.  Thus if PAOs are selectively enriched by the EBPR configuration, considerably more phosphorus is removed, compared to the relatively poor phosphorus removal in conventional activated sludge systems.

See also
List of waste-water treatment technologies

References

Further reading

External links
 Handbook Biological Waste Water Treatment - Principles, Configuration and Model
 EPBR Metagenomics: The Solution to Pollution is Biotechnological Revolution - A Review from the Science Creative Quarterly
 Website of the Technische Universität Darmstadt and the CEEP about Phosphorus Recovery

Biotechnology
Waste treatment technology
Domain analysis. In software engineering, domain analysis, or product line analysis, is the process of analyzing related software systems in a domain to find their common and variable parts.  It is a model of wider business context for the system. The term was coined in the early 1980s by James Neighbors. Domain analysis is the first phase of domain engineering. It is a key method for realizing systematic software reuse.

Domain analysis produces domain models using methodologies such as domain specific languages, feature tables, facet tables, facet templates, and generic architectures, which describe all of the systems in a domain. Several methodologies for domain analysis have been proposed.

The products, or "artifacts", of a domain analysis are sometimes object-oriented models (e.g. represented with the Unified Modeling Language (UML)) or data models represented with entity-relationship diagrams (ERD). Software developers can use these models as a basis for the implementation of software architectures and applications. This approach to domain analysis is sometimes called model-driven engineering.

In information science, the term "domain analysis" was suggested in 1995 by Birger Hjørland and H. Albrechtsen.

Domain analysis techniques 
Several domain analysis techniques have been identified, proposed and developed due to the diversity of goals, domains, and involved processes. 

 DARE: Domain Analysis and Reuse Environment , 
 Feature-Oriented Domain Analysis (FODA)
 IDEF0 for Domain Analysis 
 Model Oriented Domain Analysis and Engineering

See also
 Domain engineering
 Feature Model
 Product Family Engineering
 Domain-specific language
 Model-driven engineering

References 

Software design
Dexterity (programming language). The Dexterity programming language was designed in the late 1980s for the implementation of platform independent graphical accounting software. Dexterity itself is written in the C programming language. It was used in the development of Great Plains accounting software.

Microsoft Dynamics GP, formerly Great Plains Dynamics and eEnterprise, is a Dexterity-written application. Microsoft's small business line, Microsoft Small Business Manager and Small Business Financials, were also written in Dexterity and use the same code base as Great Plains.

History of Dexterity
Great Plains Dexterity is a proprietary programming language and technology, designed in the late 1980s with the goal to build a platform-independent graphical accounting package - Great Plains Dynamics. Dexterity itself is written in C (with the hope that C would provide platform independence). The user can install Dexterity from the Dynamics GP CD #2 and it allows custom pieces to be seamlessly integrated with the Dynamics GP interface.

Features
 Native Dexterity Cursors
 Dexterity was designed as a platform-independent programming language. If you want code to be operable on all currently supported Dynamics GP databases, use Dexterity ranges and loops to manipulate the records
 Dexterity with SQL Stored Procs
Currently, most Dynamics GP installations have been moved to MS SQL Server - so you can use Dexterity for custom forms drawing only and make the buttons run SQL stored procedures.
 COM Object calls
 Beginning with version 7.0, Dexterity supports COM objects - register them as libraries in Dexterity. Refer to the manual as to how to do this. This technique allows you to call such things as web services across the internet.
 Dynamics GP Alternate Forms
 These are modifications to existing forms – the ones found in DYNAMICS.DIC. The most popular customizations are made on the SOP Entry form. Alternate forms are not recommended by Microsoft as they make version upgrades more difficult. Customization usually has to be redone.
 Some restrictions
 Dynamics GP is actually an integration of multiple dictionaries: DYNAMICS.DIC, ADVSECUR.DIC, EXP1493.DIC, etc. In your Dexterity customization you can generally deal with only one dictionary - DYNAMICS.DIC. Integration with other dictionaries is supported but is difficult.

Dynamics GP macros can also be recorded in Dexterity. The ability to handle branches does not appear to exist in these macros.

References

Further reading

External links
 Dexterity Development System Releases for Microsoft Dynamics GP

Microsoft development tools
Microsoft programming languages
Procedural programming languages
Programming languages created in the 1980s