omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Nanocrystal solar cell. Nanocrystal solar cells are solar cells based on a substrate with a coating of nanocrystals. The nanocrystals are typically based on silicon, CdTe or CIGS and the substrates are generally silicon or various organic conductors. Quantum dot solar cells are a variant of this approach which take advantage of quantum mechanical effects to extract further performance. Dye-sensitized solar cells are another related approach, but in this case the nano-structuring is a part of the substrate.

Previous fabrication methods relied on expensive molecular beam epitaxy processes, but colloidal synthesis allows for cheaper manufacturing. A thin film of nanocrystals is obtained by a process known as "spin-coating". This involves placing an amount of the quantum dot solution onto a flat substrate, which is then rotated very quickly. The solution spreads out uniformly, and the substrate is spun until the required thickness is achieved.

Quantum dot based photovoltaic cells based on dye-sensitized colloidal TiO2 films were investigated in 1991
and were found to exhibit promising efficiency of converting incident light energy to electrical energy, and to be incredibly encouraging due to the low cost of materials used. A single-nanocrystal (channel) architecture in which an array of single particles between the electrodes, each separated by ~1 exciton diffusion length, was proposed to improve the device efficiency and research on this type of solar cell is being conducted by groups at Stanford, Berkeley and the University of Tokyo.

Although research is still in its infancy, nanocrystal photovoltaics may offer advantages such as flexibility (quantum dot-polymer composite photovoltaics)
lower costs, clean power generation and an efficiency of 65%, compared to around 20 to 25% for first-generation, crystalline silicon-based photovoltaics in the future.

It is argued that many measurements of the efficiency of the nanocrystal solar cell are incorrect and that nanocrystal solar cells are not suitable for large scale manufacturing.

Recent research has experimented with lead selenide (PbSe) semiconductor, as well as with cadmium telluride photovoltaics (CdTe), which has already been well established in the production of second-generation thin film solar cells. Other materials are being researched as well.

Other third generation solar cells 

Photoelectrochemical cell
Polymer solar cell
Perovskite solar cell

See also 

Nanocrystalline silicon
Nanoparticle

References

External links 

Science News Online, Quantum-Dots Leap: Tapping tiny crystals' inexplicable light-harvesting talent, June 3, 2006.
InformationWeek, Nanocrystal Discovery Has Solar Cell Potential, January 6, 2006.
Berkeley Lab, Berkeley Lab Air-stable Inorganic Nanocrystal Solar Cells Processed from Solution, 2005.
ScienceDaily, Sunny Future For Nanocrystal Solar Cells, October 23, 2005.

Solar cells
Nanomaterials
Quantum electronics
Carlson Criquet. The Carlson Criquet is an American, two-seats-in-tandem, high wing, strut-braced, single engine, homebuilt aircraft that was designed by Ernst W. Carlson and produced by Carlson Aircraft of East Palestine, Ohio in kit form. The prototype was completed in 1999.

The Criquet is a 3/4 scale replica of the German Second World War liaison aircraft, the  Fieseler Fi 156 Storch (English: Stork) and is named for the French post-war production model of the same aircraft, the Morane-Saulnier MS.505 Criquet.

Design and development
The Criquet has a 4130 steel tube frame fuselage, with the fuselage and wing all covered in doped fabric. The wings are supported by V-struts with jury struts. The landing gear is fixed and of conventional configuration. The Criquet was available as a kit that included a pre-welded fuselage. The aircraft's power range is  and the original standard engine specified was the  Walter Lom Avia M332.

With a stall speed of  the Criquet is capable of operation from small, unprepared fields and has a reported take-off and landing distance of .

Construction time from the kit is reported to be 1000 hours. Only one prototype, N22CA, was completed and it was destroyed in an accident on 24 May 2000 at East Palestine, Ohio, USA, with one fatality. The kit was no longer offered after 2005.

Specifications (Criquet)

See also

References

Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft
STOL aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1999
Replica aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Low-background steel. Low-background steel, also known as pre-war steel and pre-atomic steel, is any steel produced prior to the detonation of the first nuclear bombs in the 1940s and 1950s. Typically sourced from ships (either as part of regular scrapping or shipwrecks) and other steel artifacts of this era, it is often used for modern particle detectors because more modern steel is contaminated with traces of nuclear fallout.

Steel
Since the end of atmospheric nuclear testing, background radiation has decreased to very near natural levels, making special low-background steel no longer necessary for most radiation-sensitive uses, as brand-new steel now has a low enough radioactive signature that it can generally be used. Some demand remains for the most radiation-sensitive uses, such as Geiger counters and sensing equipment aboard spacecraft. For the most demanding items even low-background steel can be too radioactive and other materials like high-purity copper may be used.

In cases where World War II–era shipwrecks in and near the relatively shallow Java Sea and western South China Sea have been illegally scavenged, it has been suggested that the target is low-background steel. Andrew Brockman, a maritime crime researcher and archaeologist, argues that it is more likely to be conventional salvage.

Radionuclide contamination
From 1856 until the mid 20th century, steel was produced in the Bessemer process, where air was forced into Bessemer converters converting the pig iron into steel. By the mid-20th century, many steelworks had switched to the BOS process, which uses pure oxygen instead of air. However, as both processes use atmospheric gas, they are susceptible to contamination from airborne particulates. Present-day air carries radionuclides, such as cobalt-60, which are deposited into the steel, giving it a weak radioactive signature. Another source of radioactive contamination was the coating of steel cauldrons in cobalt-60 in order to monitor wear. Steel that would otherwise be expected to be low-background can itself be contaminated due to thorium in welding rods.

World anthropogenic background radiation levels peaked at 0.11 mSv/yr above natural level of 2.40 mSv/yr in 1963, the year that the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty was enacted. This was a 4.6% increase above normal background radiation exposure. Since then, by about 2008, anthropogenic background radiation has decreased to 0.005 mSv/yr above natural levels.

References

Steels
Background radiation
Stung Battambang 1 Dam. The Stung Battambang 1 (or Battambang 1) is a dam planned for construction on the Battambang River in Cambodia. The river is a major tributary of the Tonlé Sap. Of the two dams planned for this river, the larger is the Stung Battambang 1. A letter of commitment has been issued by the Cambodian authorities for a pre-feasibility study of the dam by an unknown Korean company

Surrounding the dam site is the Bannan Irrigation project, covering some , and the dam is understood to play a role in the irrigation of this area, as well as generating hydropower. There is little data available about reservoir size or number of people who will be displaced.  The dam is one of three possible dams in the Battambang River basin; the other two would block two tributaries to the Battambang River: the Mongkol Borey River and the Sangker River.

See also

 Mekong
 Mekong River Commission
 Battambang River

References

External links

Mekong Environment and Resource Institute 
Mekong Program on Water, Environment and Resilience
Mekong River Commission

Dams in the Mekong River Basin
Proposed hydroelectric power stations
Hydroelectric power stations in Cambodia
Dams in Cambodia
Battambang province
Proposed renewable energy power stations in Cambodia
Thomas R. Kane. Thomas Reif Kane (March 23, 1924 – February 16, 2019) was a professor emeritus of applied mechanics at Stanford University.

Early life
Kane was born in Vienna, Austria. He immigrated to the United States with his parents in 1938 after Austria fell to Nazi Germany. In 1943, he enlisted in the United States Army and was stationed in the South Pacific as a combat photographer. From 1946 to 1953 he attended Columbia University during which he earned two BS degrees in mathematics and civil engineering, as well as an MS in civil engineering and a PhD in applied mechanics.

Career
In 1953, Dr. Kane joined the engineering faculty at the University of Pennsylvania as an assistant professor of mechanical engineering and three years later was promoted to associate professor. While at Penn, he served as a research engineer and on the committee whose focus was investigating the question of sabbatical leave.

In the 1960s, Kane devised a method for formulating equations of motion for complex mechanical systems that requires less labor and leads to simpler equations than the classical approaches, while avoiding the vagueness of virtual quantities. The method is based on the use of partial angular velocities and partial velocities.

References

1924 births
2019 deaths
Columbia School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
Austrian mathematicians
University of Pennsylvania faculty
Stanford University School of Engineering faculty
Austrian emigrants to the United States
Kirirom 1 Hydropower Dam. The Kirirom 1 Dam is an embankment dam located in the Kirirom National Park of Koh Kong Province, Cambodia

The project purpose is to supply of electricity to Electricité du Cambodge (EDC) (hereinafter referred to as "EDC") in accordance with the power purchase agreement  signed between "Licensee" and "EDC" on 28 July 2000
Kirirom I (completed 1965; partially destroyed 1975; re-commissioned 2002)

The Kirirom I Hydro Power Plant was built in 1968 with support from Yugoslavia. In 1975, under the Khmer Rouge regime, the power plant fell into disrepair and electricity production stopped. In 1999, a Chinese State Owned Enterprise, China Electric Power Technology Import & Export Corporation (CETIC), was contracted to re-build the project at a cost of US$24 million under a 30-year build-operate-transfer (BOT) agreement. The Council for Development of Cambodia approved the project on 29 December 2000 and in May 2002 the project re-commenced operation, providing electricity to Kampong Speu Province and Phnom Penh. The project is managed by Electricity du Cambodge and is linked to Phnom Penh by a 120 km long, 115kV transmission line

See also

 Mekong

References

Dams in Cambodia
Dams completed in 1965
Buildings and structures in Koh Kong province
1965 establishments in Cambodia
Yugoslav architecture beyond former Yugoslavia
Lower Sre Pok 2 Dam. The Lower Se San/Sre Pok 2 scheme hydroelectric dam is located in Stung Treng Province, Cambodia on the Tonle Sre Pok some  upstream of its confluence with the Se San, and about  upstream of the confluence of the combined Sre Pok, Se San and Se Kong rivers with the Mekong mainstream. The dam was officially opened on December 18, 2018.

Prefeasibility Study, the project aims to construct and operate an installed capacity  low head hydroelectric generating facility on the Sre Pok River, generating annually , run-of-river dam, reservoir  
Main components include construction of a concrete gravity dam, the powerhouse and generating equipment, environmental and social mitigation measures, and the 220-kV transmission line to Stung Treng and onwards to the Vietnamese border to interconnect with the Vietnamese grid backbone.

The scheme has a much smaller reservoir area () than the Lower Se San 2 site () and consequently a lesser environmental impact. The number of inhabitants in the reservoir area for resettlement is also significantly less. The dam is low in height, but could still have a significant impact on navigation and fish migration, which is a particular concern at all sites in this area. Allowances have been made in the scheme design and cost estimate for mitigation of these impacts, so far as is possible.

Per MIME report to RPTCC-4 meeting (Yangon, Sept. 2005), commissioning of 222 MW Lower Sre Pok HPP will be in 2017.

Impact: Up to 1000 people may rewire resettlement.

See also

 Mekong
 Mekong River

References

Dams in the Mekong River Basin
Proposed hydroelectric power stations
Hydroelectric power stations in Cambodia
Dams in Cambodia
Stung Treng province
Proposed renewable energy power stations in Cambodia
Rightware. Rightware is a Finnish software development company that provides automotive graphics software tools and services. These include services in gaming, graphics, and UI development, with a particular focus on the automotive industry. Headquartered in Helsinki, Finland. Rightware has offices in Detroit, Tokyo, Seoul, Shanghai, Brighton, and Munich.  

Rightware delivers fully integrated HMI solutions, engineering support, and design services worldwide. Kanzi One is the market-leading automotive UI tool, trusted by over 60 automotive brands across the globe.

History 

Rightware was founded in December 2009 after Futuremark spins off its Mobile & Embedded Benchmark unit.

In January 2011, Rightware released their UI design software called Kanzi, and demonstrated a stereoscopic 3D home screen for Android made by Kanzi at Mobile World Congress 2011.
 
In 2013, it was announced that Audi was using Rightware's Kanzi software for developing digital user interfaces for Audi cars. The first commercial vehicle (Audi A3) with Kanzi technology was shipped in June 2012. At CES 2014, Audi revealed its fully digital Virtual Cockpit instrument cluster, created using Rightware Kanzi.

In 2013, Rightware raised another $5.2 million in venture capital funding.

On May 7, 2015, Rightware divested its graphics benchmarking business to Basemark, a newly formed Helsinki-based company, in a management buyout deal.

In 2015, Rightware announced that it was collaborating with Nissan.

In 2016, Rightware announced the founding members of its Kanzi Partner Program.

In 2016, Rightware stated that over 15 car manufacturers were using its Kanzi software for creating user interfaces.

In 2017, Kanzi powers 35 automotive brands. Rightware becomes a subsidiary of ThunderSoft.

During 2021, Rightware announced the release of Kanzi One, an android compatible all in one HMI tool for automobile's cockpits.

Products

Kanzi One 
Kanzi One is a commercial package including the Kanzi UI framework and a variety of feature packs for further enhancing the HMI in relation to connectivity, mapping, visual effects, 3D vision, and preview capabilities.  

Kanzi framework:

 Kanzi Studio: the core HMI development tool, used by designers and embedded engineers to create and customize user interfaces that run on embedded hardware.
 Kanzi Engine: real-time graphics engine, combining physically based rendering with an automotive-grade runtime.
Feature packs:

 Kanzi Connect
 Kanzi Maps
 Kanzi Particles
 Kanzi Shapes
 Kanzi Stereoscopy
 Kanzi VR

Services 
Rightware also provides worldwide engineering and design service that boast an unmatched track record of successful production projects.

The Kanzi Services team implements full-stack solutions ranging from concept design to the end product. The Kanzi experts support global customers in all stages of production - from user experience design to platform choice and performance optimization.

References 

Companies based in Helsinki
Finnish companies established in 2009
Software companies of Finland
Software companies established in 2009
Mike Ming. Mike Ming (born January 29, 1958) is an American energy industry executive who is serving as the General Manager of General Electric's Global Research Technology Center in Oklahoma City.

Biography
Ming obtained a bachelor's degree in petroleum engineering and a master's degree in engineering management from Stanford University. He attended the U.S. Air Force Academy where he earned academic honors.

After graduating from college, Ming joined Chevron as a drilling and production engineer. Ming has spent most of his career in the energy industry. He has previously served as vice president of production for Bracken Energy Company in Oklahoma City. Ming was also vice president of engineering at K. Stewart Petroleum Corporation, also in Oklahoma City, and was a managing member of K. Stewart Energy Group out of Edmond, Oklahoma. He has previously served as an adjunct professor for energy management at the University of Oklahoma Michael F. Price College of Business.

Ming served as a strategic advisor to the United States Department of Energy for the department's strategic planning initiative. In 2009, Governor Brad Henry appointed him as a member of the Oklahoma Clean Energy Independence Commission.

He previously served as the President of "Research Partnership to Secure Energy for America" (RPSEA) in Houston, Texas. RPSEA is a $500 million non-profit organization with over 180 members representing the energy industry, academia and research community that works to research the development of new energy sources and the expansion of existing resources.

Fallin Administration
On January 6, 2011, Republican Governor-elect Mary Fallin announced that she had selected Ming to serve as her Oklahoma Secretary of Energy. Ming was sworn in on January 10, 2011.

Personal life
Ming lives with his wife Diane in Edmond, Oklahoma.

References
Governor-elect Mary Fallin Selects Mike Ming as Energy Secretary, Office of Governor-elect Fallin, 2011-01-06

External links

1958 births
Living people
State cabinet secretaries of Oklahoma
General Electric people
People from Edmond, Oklahoma
Aalborg CSP. Aalborg CSP is a Danish renewable energy specialist mainly designing solutions based on concentrated solar power (CSP) technology.
The company's main office is located in, Aalborg, Denmark, and they have offices in Spain, the United States, Kenya, Australia and Indonesia.
Aalborg CSP has participated in projects mainly in Spain, but also in Turkey, Norway and Russia. 
The most current project as of 2015 is an integrated energy system located in Port Augusta, Australia. Aalborg CSP has partnered with Sundrop Farms to create a farm powered by the sun and saltwater. By using desalination, powered by the sun, it is possible to produce the water with desalinated seawater. Aalborg CSP was in 2010 given the Gazelle Award, where companies must have had a doubling of either revenue or profit in the last four years. Aalborg CSP has 56 people employed.

History 
Aalborg CSP is the result of the merger between BK Aalborg and BK Engineering, which took place on January 1, 2011. These are companies with roots back to the 1980s where they originate from the boiler industry of which the city of Aalborg has become synonymous.

CSP 
It is especially the work within the CSP industry that has put Aalborg CSP on the map. With their work on CSP plants around the world, the company has become a leading global player within steam generators for large-scale concentrated solar power plants.
Among other projects the company has contributed to the construction of large CSP plants in Spain. One of these plants were at the time considered to be the world's most powerful solar tower.

References

External links 
 

CSP
Energy companies of Denmark
Engineering companies of Denmark
Fossil fuels in Denmark
Renewable energy in Denmark
Danish companies established in 2011
Ladderax. Ladderax is a modular shelving and storage system created by Robert Heal in 1964 for Staples of Cricklewood, London. It is an example of Mid-Century modern design.

Heal was influenced by the work of the "Danish school". This mid-century Scandinavian design movement was largely about reinterpreting simple, linear shapes from Georgian and Shaker pieces, and making them “straighter”.

The Ladderax System consists of a number of upright ladders, supporting shelves and cabinets. These are fixed by resting on steel support rods, hooked on to the rungs of the ladders. They fit into grooves under the shelves and cabinets. This allows easily assembly and flexibility. Ladderax does not require any permanent fixing to a wall, because it self-supports.

References

External links 
 

Furniture
1964 introductions
Do it yourself
Individual models of furniture
Skid mount. A Skid mount is a popular method of distributing and storing machinery and usually-stationary equipment for the military and industry on its own or with other units as part of a modular system (modular process skid). The machinery at point of manufacture is permanently mounted in a frame or onto rails or a metal Pallet. The equipment can then be easily secured and transported and used as a unit. A unit such as a fire-fighting Skid unit may also be temporarily placed onto a vehicle to equip it for a task. They often have standard sized holes (called "pockets") for a forklift truck to slide into it to lift it safely.

It could be thought of as a permanently attached Pallet (also known as a skid).

As well as making it more transportable, it adds stability when static.

To facilitate factory floor efficiency, machinery such as laser welders, plastic injection molding units, lathes and sewing machines are often skid mounted for easy placement according to work flow needs.

References

Freight transport
Navanagar. Navanagar is the new planned city created because of submergence of parts of old Bagalkot city, Karnataka, India.

The blueprint for the township was prepared by Charles Correa. The town was originally designed with 63 sectors spread across  of land, six kilometres away from the old city. Of the 63 sectors, 56 were exclusively meant to rehabilitate those affected by the Almatti Dam. The Government of Karnataka had acquired  of land for the project.

References 

Cities and towns in Bagalkot district
DLab. DLab was a school for producers of videogames and interactive software in Italy that ran from 2002 to 2007. It offered courses in the towns of Arezzo, Florence and Ferrara.

It was founded in 2002 by Fabio Barzagli of Nayma Software and Bernardo Innocenti of Develer. Dlab organized courses with partners such as Cooperativa Sociale Electra, ITIS Galileo Galilei Arezzo, Develer SRL, ISA Firenze, ITIS Carpeggiani Ferrara and Centro Studi CS Pistoia, Regione Toscana. It received grants of over 200,000 Euros from the European Social Fund.

External links
 DLab official site
 DLab webtv channel with lessons and videos
 Starshocks videogame project page, game download

References

Education in Italy
No. 8 Air Experience Flight RAF. No. 8 Air Experience Flight (8 AEF) is an Air Experience Flight based at RAF Cosford.

History 
8 AEF was formed in October 1958 at Cosford, later moving to RAF Shawbury in 1960. It then returned to Cosford in 1978, moved again to Shawbury in 1979 and finally back to Cosford, where it has remained since April 1996.  From 1 April 1996, it has been parented by the University of Birmingham Air Squadron, and they are equipped with 5 civil registered, Grob Tutor 115EA Mk 1s which are provided and maintained by Babcock, formally VT Aerospace.

Background 
No. 8 Air Experience Flight is one of thirteen Air Experience Flights run by the Air Cadet Organisation of the Royal Air Force. It was formed in the 1950s, along with the other AEFs, with the aim of teaching basic flying to members of the Air Training Corps, Combined Cadet Force (RAF Section) and occasionally, the Girls Venture Corps Air Cadets and the Air Scouts. It is based at DCAE Cosford and is used primarily and is parented by the University of Birmingham Air Squadron (UBAS).

References

08
Royal Air Force independent flights