omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Castel-Mauboussin CM.7. 

The Castel-Mauboussin CM.7 was a high performance sailplane built in France in 1948 and used to establish a large number of altitude and duration records into the early 1950s. Conceived of by designer Robert Castello at his home in 1942, it was not until after the war that he had the opportunity to actually build it. It was a two-seat aircraft with a gull wing and conventional empennage.

Apart from a string of French national records for both men's and women's flight in a two-seat glider, the CM.7 set a number of world records, beginning in 1951 with women's records for altitude (7,042 m) and gain in altitude (6,072 m) on 18 January, and duration (28 hours 41 minutes) on 23 November, piloted by Marcelle Choisnet and Yvette Mazelier. The following year, a new men's record for duration (53 hours, 4 minutes) was set on 6 February by Albert Carraz and Jean Branswick, with a CM.7 used to break this same record by Claude Fronteau and Jacques Lebeau on 30 December 1953 (56 hours 11 minutes). Finally, on 11 January 1954, a CM.7 piloted by Jacqueline Mathé and Marinette Garbarino broke the women's duration record again, this time with a flight of 38 hours 11 minutes. None of these still stand in 2007.

Specifications

References
 
 Planeurs et Avions

See also

1940s French sailplanes
Gull-wing aircraft
Glider aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1948
Fouga CM.8. The Fouga CM.8 or Castel-Mauboussin CM.8 was a French sailplane of the 1950s, most notable in retrospect due to its place in the development of the Fouga CM.170 Magister jet trainer.

Design and development
The CM.8 was a single-seat aircraft of conventional sailplane design and designed for aerobatics. Two prototypes were built: the CM.8/13, with a 13-metre wingspan and a conventional empennage, and the CM.8/15 with a 15-metre wingspan and a V-tail.

The pleasing performance of these aircraft led to experiments with mounting a small turbojet on the dorsal fuselage, exhausting between the tail fins. The first of these flew on 14 July 1949, powered by a Turbomeca Piméné. Designated the CM.8R this combined the 13-metre wing of the CM.8/13 with the tail of the CM.8/15. Two examples were built, and as experiments progressed in the 1950s, they were fitted with increasingly powerful engines, and increasingly shorter wingspans. A twin-fuselage example was also built as the CM.88 as an engine testbed.

Variants
Fouga CM.8
Fouga CM.8 Acro
Fouga CM.8/13
Fouga CM.8/15
Fouga CM.8/13 Sylphe démotorisé
Fouga CM.8 R13 Cyclone
Fouga CM.8 R13 Sylphe II
Fouga CM.8 R13 Sylphe III
Fouga CM.8 R9.8 Cyclope I
Fouga CM.8 R9.8 Cyclope II
Fouga CM.8 R8.3 Midget Version intended for air racing, powered by  Turbomeca Palas engine, with fuselage of Cyclope, and wings of reduced span () and area . Small production series (eight – twelve) built.

Specifications (CM.8/13)

See also

References

Bibliography

 
 
 
 Planeurs et Avions

CM.8
1940s French sailplanes
Glider aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1949
V-tail aircraft
Advanced Research and Conventional Technology Utilization Spacecraft. ARCTUS (the "Advanced Research and Conventional Technology Utilization Spacecraft") was a proposed design by Astrotech Corporation and developed with its partners Lockheed Martin, United Launch Alliance, Cimarron and Odyssey Space Research for a robotic spacecraft that would deliver cargo to the International Space Station, NASA COTS program. ARCTUS was planned to be launched by an Atlas V rocket. Its pressurized cargo module would return to Earth and be recovered with a mid-air retrieval operation.

Automated Rendezvous and Proximity Operations (ARPO) System 

The ARPO system is designed to take the ARCTUS vehicle from the ISS stay-out zone to the ISS capture box. ARCTUS will then be grappled by the Space Station Remote Manipulator System (SSRMS) and berthed on an ISS port (nominally ISS Harmony Nadir port).

Avionics
The brain of ARCTUS is derived from the flight proven XSS-11 avionics and consists of a spacecraft computer, communications and power systems, guidance and navigation system, and associated software. The majority of the avionics will be housed inside the PCM to allow for recovery and reuse for future missions.

Payload Accommodations
The ARCTUS payload accommodations are based on SPACEHAB's 20 years of experience in delivering NASA, ESA, JAXA, Roscosmos, and commercial cargo to space.

Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS)
The ECLSS will maintain the pressurized environment (temperature and pressure) within the cargo requirements during all flight phases, as well crew requirements, while docked. The system will utilize SPACEHAB and ISS heritage hardware and a design similar to other ISS modules in order to minimize crew training and procedure development.

See also
Commercial Orbital Transportation Services

References

External links
Astrotech Research & Conventional Technology Utilization Spacecraft
 Parent Company SPACE HAB of the ARCTUS Spacecraft

Cargo spacecraft
Framework Class Library. The Framework Class Library (FCL) is a component of Microsoft's .NET Framework, the first implementation of the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI). In much the same way as Common Language Runtime (CLR) implements the CLI Virtual Execution System (VES), the FCL implements the CLI foundational Standard Libraries. As a CLI foundational class libraries implementation, it is a collection of reusable classes, interfaces, and value types, and includes an implementation of the CLI Base Class Library (BCL).

With Microsoft's move to .NET Core, the CLI foundational class libraries implementation is known as CoreFX instead of Framework Class Library.

See also 
Standard Libraries (CLI)
Base Class Library (BCL)

References

Difference Between .NET Core and .NET Framework: Head to Head Comparison

External links
.NET Framework Developer Center. Microsoft Developer Network (MSDN).
.NET Framework 3.5 namespaces

.NET Framework terminology
Microsoft application programming interfaces

ru:Framework Class Library
Beryllium bromide. Beryllium bromide is the chemical compound with the formula BeBr2. It is very hygroscopic and dissolves well in water.  The  cation, which is relevant to BeBr2, is characterized by the highest known charge density (Z/r = 6.45), making it one of the hardest cations and a very strong Lewis acid.

Preparation and reactions
It can be prepared by reacting beryllium metal with elemental bromine at temperatures of 500 °C to 700 °C:

When the oxidation is conducted on an ether suspension, one obtains colorless dietherate: 

The same dietherate is obtained by suspending beryllium dibromide in diethyl ether: 

This ether ligand can be displaced by other Lewis bases.is ether ligand can be displaced by other Lewis bases.

Beryllium bromide hydrolyzes slowly in water: BeBr2 + 2 H2O → 2 HBr + Be(OH)2

Structure
Two forms (polymorphs) of BeBr2 are known. Both structures consist of tetrahedral Be2+ centers interconnected by doubly bridging bromide ligands.  One form consist of edge-sharing polytetrahedra.  The other form resembles zinc iodide with interconnected adamantane-like cages.

Safety
Beryllium compounds are toxic if inhaled or ingested.

References

Beryllium compounds
Bromides
Alkaline earth metal halides
Inorganic polymers
Beryllium iodide. Beryllium iodide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula . It is a hygroscopic white solid. The  cation, which is relevant to salt-like BeI2, is characterized by the highest known charge density (Z/r = 6.45), making it one of the hardest cations and a very strong Lewis acid.

Reactions
Beryllium iodide can be prepared by reacting beryllium metal with elemental iodine at temperatures of 500 °C to 700 °C:

When the oxidation is conducted on an ether suspension of elemental Be, one obtains colorless dietherate: 

The same dietherate is obtained by suspending beryllium iodide in diethyl ether:
 
This ether ligands in  can be displaced by other Lewis bases.

Beryllium iodide reacts with fluorine giving beryllium fluoride and fluorides of iodine, with chlorine giving beryllium chloride, and with bromine giving beryllium bromide.

Structure
Two forms (polymorphs) of  are known. Both structures consist tetrahedral  centers interconnected by doubly bridging iodide ligands. One form consist of edge-sharing polytetrahedra. The other form resembles zinc iodide with interconnected adamantane-like cages.

Applications
Beryllium iodide can be used in the preparation of high-purity beryllium by the decomposition of the compound on a hot tungsten filament.

References

Beryllium compounds
Iodides
Alkaline earth metal halides
Inorganic polymers
IBM 1401 Symbolic Programming System. The IBM 1401 Symbolic Programming System (SPS) was an assembler that was developed by Gary Mokotoff, IBM Applied Programming Department, for the IBM 1401 computer, the first of the IBM 1400 series.  One source indicates that "This programming system was announced by IBM with the machine."

SPS-1 could run on a low-end machine with 1.4K memory, SPS-2 required at least 4K memory.

SPS-1 punched one card for each input instruction in its first pass and this deck had to be read during pass 2. At the University of Chicago and many other locations, SPS-1 was replaced by assemblers taking advantage of the commonly available 4K memory configuration to pack the output of pass one into several instructions per card.  Other assemblers were written which placed the pass one output into memory for small programs.

As the 1400 series matured additional assemblers, programming languages and report generators became available, replacing SPS in most sites.

See also
 Autocoder
 FARGO (programming language)

References

External links
IBM 1401 Symbolic Programming Systems: SPS-1 and SPS-2, C20-1480-0
"1401s I have known" by Tom Van Vleck includes a description of an operating environment including 1401 SPS machines.

Assembly languages
1401 Symbolic Programming System
Machine Check Architecture. In computing, Machine Check Architecture (MCA) is an Intel and AMD mechanism in which the CPU reports hardware errors to the operating system.

Intel's P6 and Pentium 4 family processors, AMD's K7 and K8 family processors, as well as the Itanium architecture implement a machine check architecture that provides a mechanism for detecting and reporting hardware (machine) errors, such as: system bus errors, ECC errors, parity errors, cache errors, and translation lookaside buffer errors. It consists of a set of model-specific registers (MSRs) that are used to set up machine checking and additional banks of MSRs used for recording errors that are detected.

See also
 Machine-check exception (MCE)
 High availability (HA)
 Reliability, availability and serviceability (RAS)
 Windows Hardware Error Architecture (WHEA)

References

External links
 Microsoft's article on Itanium's MCA
 Linux x86 daemon for processing of machine checks

Computer architecture
X86 architecture
Jyothi Engineering College, Cheruthuruthy, Thrissur. Jyothi Engineering College is a private engineering college situated in Cheruthuruthy, Chelakkara Thrissur District of Kerala, India. The college is run by Syro-Malabar Catholic Archdiocese of Thrissur. The college is affiliated to All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) New Delhi, Kerala Technological University (KTU), and the University of Calicut.

B Tech Programs 
Jyothi Engineering College (JEC) offers B Tech programs in the following disciplines under KTU:

NBA & NAAC Accreditations 
Jyothi Engineering College (JEC) has 5 NBA accredited B Tech programs (valid for 3 years from academic year 2016-2017 to 2018-2019). They are being re-accredited by NBA for 3 more academic years from 2019-2020 to 2021-2022. The NBA accredited B Tech programs are:

 Civil Engineering
 Computer Science Engineering
 Electronics and Communications Engineering
 Electrical and Electronics Engineering
 Mechanical Engineering

JEC is also NAAC accredited with A grade and valid up to 25/04/2027.

M Tech Programs 
JEC offers the following M Tech programs:

PhD Programs 
JEC is an approved PhD research centre under APJ Abdul Kalam University. JEC has accepted PhD students in Electronics and Communications Engineering, and Electrical and Electronics Engineering.

References

External links

 Tharang 2017 | Techfest, Jyothi Engineering college.
 Innovation & Entrepreneurship Development Cell of Jyothi Engineering College.

Engineering colleges in Thrissur district
Syro-Malabar educational institutions
All India Council for Technical Education
Colleges affiliated with the University of Calicut
Catholic universities and colleges in India
Befehlshaber der U-Boote. The Befehlshaber der Unterseeboote or BdU (Eng: "Commander of the U-boats") was the supreme commander of the German Navy's U-boat Arm (Ubootwaffe) during the First and Second World Wars. The term also referred to the Command HQ of the U-boat arm.

The title was established in June 1917, replacing the role of "Leader of the U-boats" (Führer der Unterseeboote, or FdU) for the High Seas Flotillas. The first incumbent was Kapitan zur See/Kommodore Andreas Michelsen, previously head of the High Seas Fleet’s destroyer force. The post was abolished with  the end of the war.

It was revived on 17 October 1939, when Karl Dönitz was promoted to rear admiral (Konteradmiral). His previous title had been FdU, a position he had held from January 1936.

On 31 January 1943 Dönitz was promoted to grand admiral (Großadmiral) and became supreme commander (Oberbefehlshaber der Kriegsmarine) of the entire Kriegsmarine, replacing Erich Raeder. He retained the title, but was replaced as operational commander at BdU by his chief of staff Eberhard Godt.

Godt's successor was Admiral Hans Georg von Friedeburg, who held the position at the end of the war and became commander-in-chief of the German navy when Dönitz became head of Nazi Germany after Hitler's suicide.

Imperial German Navy (Kaiserliche Marine)

Andreas Michelsen (June 1917 to November 1918)

Kriegsmarine

Commander

Subordinate
Department Chief

2nd Admiral of the U-boats

Commanding Admiral of the U-boats

Dobratz had transferred from navy to Luftwaffe in 1935. He rejoined the Kriegsmarine in 1943 and was given command of U-1232 taking it out on one patrol before becoming chief of staff at BdU.

Chief of Staff of the Commanding Admiral of the U-boats

Beucke was withdrawn from command of U-boat (a single patrol with  ) in 1942 because his brothers had been killed.

Notes

References
 Arnold Hague : The Allied Convoy System 1939–1945 (2000).  (Canada);  (UK).
 VE Tarrant (1989) The U-Boat Offensive 1914-1945 Arms & Armour 

Kriegsmarine appointments
Submarines of the Kriegsmarine
U-boats
World War II submarines of Germany
Lower Molonglo Water Quality Control Centre. The Lower Molonglo Water Quality Control Centre is a sewerage and waste water treatment facility in the Australian Capital Territory, owned and operated by Icon Water. 

The Lower Molonglo Water Quality Control Centre (or LMWQCC) is the largest inland treatment facility in Australia , treating more than 90 million litres of Canberra's wastewater (including sewerage) per day using a combination of physical, chemical, and biological methods.

The centre treats waste to an extent that much of it may be safely released back into the environment by way of the Molonglo River. Solid waste is however separated during treatment and incinerated at high temperatures resulting in an ash that is sold to local farmers and gardeners as a fertiliser.

Certifications 
The Centre was Australia's first waste treatment facility to gain two significant international standard certifications :
 AS/NZS ISO 9002 - Quality Management Systems
 AS/NZS ISO 14001 - Environmental Management Systems

Environmental role
Given Canberra's inland location, the centre is vital to ensuring the health of rivers and local eco-systems by reducing pollution and ensuring adequate water flows, to some extent making up for water taken from rivers and stored in catchments for the national capital.

Risks to Canberra 
The treatment of waste water involves the use of strong chemicals, many of which are toxic. Following the 2003 Canberra bushfires, in which the plant was damaged, two hazards were shown to exist regarding the water treatment facility, the first of which was the disastrous consequences of fire impacting such chemicals. It was revealed in testimony by fire officer Dannie Camilleri that had fire impacted and breached tanks storing chlorine at the centre (as well as other chemicals), it would have caused a disastrous situation, releasing toxic gas and requiring large scale evacuations of the national capital.

The other hazard revealed was the inadequacy of storage at the centre in the event of a failure. The bushfires damaged the plant to such an extent that treatment was halted. Reserve tanks had storage sufficient for only an extra day. Had the plant not been fixed in time, excess waste and untreated effluent would have been expelled into the Molonglo river causing serious ecological and public health consequences.

Engineering heritage award 
The Centre received an Engineering Heritage National Marker from Engineers Australia as part of its Engineering Heritage Recognition Program.

References

External links
http://www.iconwater.com.au/water-and-sewerage-system/water-and-sewerage-system/sewage-treatment/lower-molonglo-water-quality-control-centre.aspx

Industrial buildings in the Australian Capital Territory
Water management in the Australian Capital Territory
Sewerage infrastructure in the Australia Capital Territory
Recipients of Engineers Australia engineering heritage markers
SXM (transactional memory). SXM is a software transactional memory system under development at Microsoft Research.

Overview
The SXM API is exposed via managed code and is used to synchronize access to shared memory without using locks. It achieves mutual exclusion using database-like atomicity transactions. SXM uses the Reflection and dynamic code generation capabilities of .NET Framework to emit CIL code to enable atomic transactions on shared data structures directly at runtime. SXM has been written in C#.

See also
Concurrency control
Shared memory

External links
C# Software Transactional Memory

Microsoft Research
Oil megaprojects (2010). Following is a list of Oil megaprojects in the year 2010, projects that propose to bring more than  of new liquid fuel capacity to market with the first production of fuel.  This is part of the Wikipedia summary of Oil Megaprojects.

Quick links to other years

Detailed list of projects for 2010 

Terminology
 Year Startup: year of first oil. put specific date if available.
 Operator: company undertaking the project.
 Area: onshore (LAND), offshore (OFF), offshore deep water (ODW), tar sands (TAR).
 Type: liquid category (i.e. Natural Gas Liquids, Natural gas condensate, Crude oil)
 Grade: oil quality (light, medium, heavy, sour) or API gravity
 2P resvs: 2P (proven + probable) oil reserves in giga barrels (Gb).
 GOR: The ratio of produced gas to produced oil, commonly abbreviated GOR.
 Peak year: year of the production plateau/peak.
 Peak: maximum production expected (thousand barrels/day).
 Discovery: year of discovery.
 Capital investment: expected capital cost; FID (Final Investment Decision) - If no FID, then normally no project development contracts can be awarded.  For many projects, a FEED stage (Front End Engineering Design) precedes the FID.
 Notes: comments about the project (footnotes).
 Ref: list of sources.

References 

2010
Oil fields
Proposed energy projects
Projects established in 2010
2010 in the environment
2010 in technology
Project Joshua Blue. Joshua Blue is  a project under development by IBM that focuses on advancing the artificial intelligence field by designing and programming computers to emulate human mental functions.

Goals
According to researchers at IBM's Thomas J. Watson Research Center, the main goal of Joshua Blue is "to achieve cognitive flexibility that approaches human functioning". In short, IBM is aiming to design Joshua Blue to 'think like a human', mainly in terms of emotional thought.

How it will work
A model of Joshua Blue's learning pattern has been created. Similar to how young children learn human traits through interacting with their surroundings, Joshua Blue will acquire knowledge through external stimuli present in its environment. IBM believes that if computers evolve to learn in this way and then comprehend and analyze the knowledge gained using reason, computers could begin to possess a "mind", of sorts, capable of demonstrating complex social behaviors similar to those of humans.

Thus far, IBM has revealed that Joshua Blue will be a computer with a network of wires and input nodes that function as a computer nervous system. This nervous system will be used by Joshua Blue to perceive affect or personal emotional feelings. Not only will this network of input nodes help Joshua Blue discover things physically, but it will also allow Joshua Blue to interpret the significance of events. The input nodes, or proprioceptors, will enable Joshua Blue to be aware of things that happen around itself, as well as recognize and attach meaning to the emotional effect produced by interacting with an object in a certain way. In addition, Joshua Blue's proprioceptors will function as pain and pleasure sensors, allowing Joshua Blue to employ a similar "reward and punishment" system that humans use to form behaviors.

References

See also 
 Blue Brain Project
 Simulated reality

AI software
IBM
BSIM. BSIM (Berkeley Short-channel IGFET Model) refers to a family of MOSFET transistor models for integrated circuit design. It also refers to the BSIM group located in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences (EECS) at the University of California, Berkeley, that develops these models. Accurate transistor models are needed for electronic circuit simulation, which in turn is needed for integrated circuit design.  As the devices become smaller each process generation (see Moore's law), new models are needed to accurately reflect the transistor's behavior.

Commercial and industrial analog simulators (such as SPICE) have added many other device models as technology advanced and earlier models became inaccurate. To attempt standardization of these models so that a set of model parameters may be used in different simulators, an industry working group was formed, the Compact Model Coalition, to choose, maintain, and promote the use of standard models. BSIM models, developed at UC Berkeley, are one of these standards. Other models supported by the council are PSP, HICUM, and MEXTRAM .

BSIM models
The transistor models developed and currently maintained by UC Berkeley are:
 BSIM-CMG (Common Multi-Gate),
 BSIM-IMG (Independent Multi-Gate), the only model published without source-code (whose publication is foreseen for July 13, 2021)
 BSIM-SOI (Silicon-on-Insulator), 
 BSIM-BULK, formerly BSIM6,
 BSIM4, used for 0.13 μm to 20 nm nodes, 
 BSIM3, a predecessor of BSIM4.

Original versions of BSIM models were written in the C programming language. All newer versions of the models, except BSIM4 and BSIM3, support only Verilog-A. For example, the last version of BSIM-SOI which supported C was the version BSIM-SOIv4.4.

References

See also 
Electronic circuit simulation
SPICE

Transistor modeling
MOSFETs