omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
General W.K. Wilson Jr. Bridge. The General W.K. Wilson Jr. Bridge, more commonly known locally as the "Dolly Parton Bridge", consists of dual parallel tied through arches of weathering steel and beam viaducts of concrete that form one continuous span carrying four lanes of Interstate 65 across the Mobile-Tensaw River Delta northeast of the U.S. city of Mobile, Alabama.  Built from 1978 to 1980, it spans a distance of  over the delta, making it, along with the Jubilee Parkway across Mobile Bay to its south, among the longest bridges in the nation.  It was named in honor of Walter K. Wilson, a Chief of Engineers with the United States Army Corps of Engineers and long-term resident of Mobile.  He was credited with being one of the first people recognizing the need to construct a high-level bridge on Interstate 65 over the Mobile River that would not impede waterway development.  The state of Alabama named the bridge in his honor after completion of construction in 1978.

Dolly Parton Bridge
The bridge has red warning lights atop the parallel support arches which, when combined with the shape of the supporting arches when approached from certain directions, have caused the bridge to gain the nickname "Dolly Parton Bridge".

May 22, 2014 fire
On May 22, 2014 the bridge suffered damage in the northbound portion due to extreme heat caused following an accident involving two semi-trailer trucks.  The accident occurred approximately  from the arch portion of the bridge.  One truck carrying petroleum barrels, stopped due to a previous accident, was rear ended by another truck, with an explosion ensuing.  The driver of the tractor which impacted the trailer was killed.  The subsequent fire and extreme heat generated caused significant damage to the concrete deck.  The bridge was temporarily closed for two days and then reopened to one lane of northbound traffic.  The Alabama Department of Transportation estimated it would take several months to replace the top 8 inches of the concrete deck over an unspecified area of the damaged bridge.  The two northbound lanes were completely closed during construction, with the two southbound lanes divided into one southbound and one northbound lane.

See also

References

Transportation buildings and structures in Baldwin County, Alabama
Bridges in Mobile County, Alabama
Bridges completed in 1978
Bridges over the Mobile River
Concrete bridges in the United States
Tied arch bridges in the United States
Road bridges in Alabama
Interstate 65
Bridges on the Interstate Highway System
Weathering steel
Through arch bridges in the United States
Carrier grade. In telecommunications, a "carrier grade" or "carrier class" refers to a system, or a hardware or software component that is extremely reliable, well tested and proven in its capabilities.  Carrier grade systems are tested and engineered to meet or exceed "five nines" high availability standards, and provide very fast fault recovery through redundancy (normally less than 50 milliseconds).

"Carrier grade" is not a standard or very clearly defined term but, rather, a set of features and qualities that make the product acceptable by a carrier. The feature set that enables the carrier to utilize the business with use of that equipment are: high quality and very good MTBF (some requirements are stated in TR-144 chapter 7.17), redundancy (if one part goes down, there is an alternative), easy and cost-efficient operations and maintenance (O&M), all of which are standardized as much as possible.

See also
Real-time computing
Redundancy (engineering)
Carrier system
High availability

External links
 What's all the fuss about network resiliency? (link no longer available)
  Carrier Ethernet Ready for Prime Time: Five Things to Consider

Telecommunications engineering
Reliability engineering
FMA I.Ae 38. 

The DINFIA IA 38 was a 1960s Argentine four-engine experimental tailless transport aircraft, designed under the direction of Reimar Horten and based on the German Horten Ho VIII project and built by the DINFIA.

Development
The IA 38 was an experimental cargo aircraft based on research by Reimar Horten. The design was developed to meet a 1950 requirement for an aircraft to carry citrus fruits (and in particular, oranges) from the west of Argentina to Buenos Aires, there being no rail links (except to San Luis, Mendoza and other cities) while the roads were inadequate for heavy trucks. It was an all-metal tailless shoulder-wing swept monoplane, with the vertical control surfaces located near the tips of the wings. The short, stubby fuselage was fitted with a tricycle landing gear, with a retractable nosewheel and fixed mainwheels. Power was provided by four radial engines mounted within the wings, driving pusher propellers mounted clear of the wing trailing edges.  The aircraft was designed to use  I.Ae. 19R El Indio, but these were not available and the prototype was forced to use  I.Ae. 16 El Gaucho engines instead. A crew of two were sat in an enclosed cockpit above the leading edge of the wing. A cargo compartment within the fuselage had a capacity of  (with a  load planned) and could be accessed by a clamshell rear cargo door that could be opened in flight to allow air-dropping of loads.

Development work and construction of the prototype was slow, and was further slowed down by the Revolución Libertadora of 1955 that overthrew the government of Juan Perón. While work restarted in 1958, the prototype only made its first flight to 9 December 1960. The IA 38 proved to be difficult to control, and was underpowered, giving a poor performance, while the engines also suffered from overheating. The prototype made three more test flights before the project was cancelled in 1962.

After the project was cancelled, the IA 38 was placed in the grounds of the Aeronautical School, where it was used as a static display until a fire (suspected to have been an act of arson) destroyed the aircraft's skin. The remains of the plane were scrapped afterwards.

Specifications (IA 38 - performance estimated)

See also

Notes

Bibliography
 Green, William & Swanborough, Gordon. "Horten Exotica...to the H IX and beyond." Air Enthusiast, No. 39, May–August 1989, pp. 1–18. .
 Magnusson, Michael. "FMA : from 1945: The story of Fabrica Militar de Aviones, Argentina: Part 8: Horten and other activities in the 1950s." Air-Britain Archive, Autumn 2009. pp. 127–130. .
 Pelletier, Alain J. "Towards the Ideal Aircraft: The Life and Times of the Flying Wing, Part Two". Air Enthusiast, No. 65, September–October 1996, pp. 8–19. .
 The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982-1985), 1985, Orbis Publishing
 Taylor, John W. R. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1961–62. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, 1961.

External links

1960s Argentine experimental aircraft
Tailless aircraft
FMA aircraft
Four-engined pusher aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1960
DINFIA IA 45. The DINFIA IA 45 Querandi was a 1950s Argentine twin-engined light transport aircraft built by the DINFIA.

Development
The IA 45 Querandi was designed as a twin engined light transport suitable for both private and as an air taxi. Work began on the new project in 1954, with work being suspended in 1955 and restarted in 1956. A twin-engined all metal high-wing cantilever monoplane with an upswept rear fuselage, it had a tailplane with two fins and rudders and retractable tricycle landing gear. It was powered by two pusher configuration piston engines. The first prototype, powered by  Lycoming O-320 engines, and seating five, first flew on 23 September 1957. It proved underpowered and was followed by a second prototype, powered by   Lycoming O-360 engines, and accommodating six seats, which first flew on 15 November 1960.

There was little interest in the IA 45 from Argentina's air taxi operators, who preferred imported American aircraft like the Piper Apache and the Aero Commander 500, and the programme was stopped in 1962, with no more production beyond the two prototypes. They continued to be flown by DIFNIA until 1966–1967, after which they were scrapped.

Variants
IA 45
Prototype powered by two Avco Lycoming O-320 piston engines, one built, first flight 23 September 1957.
IA 45B
Improved version with six seats and powered by two Lycoming O-360 piston engines, one built, first flight 15 November 1960.

Specifications (IA 45B)

References

Notes

Bibliography
 The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982-1985), 1985, Orbis Publishing
  
 

1950s Argentine civil utility aircraft
FMA aircraft
Twin-engined pusher aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Eric Clutton. Eric Clutton was an aircraft and aero-engine designer most noted for his FRED (Flying Runabout Experimental Design), a pioneering British homebuilt aircraft of the 1960s. During the 1970s, he worked on developing a geared version of the Volkswagen air-cooled engine for aircraft use, and the Clutton-Tabenor EC.2 (or "Easy Too"), a homebuilt sportsplane intended to showcase the potential of the new engine.

In the United States, he built a business out of designing model aircraft for radio control, and a line of diesel engines to power them under the name "Doctor Diesel", continuing his line of experimental model designs since his childhood in the UK.

References
 
 
 

English aerospace engineers
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Clutton-Tabenor Easy Too. 

The Clutton-Tabenor Easy Too (originally the E.C.2) was a small homebuilt aircraft under development in the United Kingdom in the late 1970s. It was intended to be a flying showcase for designer Eric Clutton's adaptation of the Volkswagen air-cooled engine as a geared aero-engine. The lines of the aircraft were influenced by the Percival Mew Gull racer of the 1930s, but it was to have retractable undercarriage. The wings were designed to be folded to allow the aircraft to be towed behind a car.

Work on the prototype was abandoned when Clutton emigrated to the United States and the Easy Too never flew.

Specifications (as designed)

References

See also

1970s British sport aircraft 
Homebuilt aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Easy Too
Unflown aircraft
Nissan Diesel Space Runner RA. The Nissan Diesel Space Runner RA (kana:日産ディーゼル・スペースランナーRA) was a heavy-duty single-decker bus produced by the Japanese manufacturer Nissan Diesel from 2005 until 2010. It can be either built as a complete bus or a bus chassis.

The styling is completely different from the Nissan Diesel UA, that it has a rounded roof dome (more rounded than the UA) and a separately mounted destination sign. The Space Runner RA engine using AdBlue Selective Catalytic Reduction technology.

Models 
ADG-RA273 (2005)
PKG-RA274/PDG-RA273 (2006)

References 

Bus chassis
Buses of Japan
Full-size buses
Low-floor buses
Step-entrance buses
Space Runner RA
UD trucks
Vehicles introduced in 2005
Nissan Diesel UA. The Nissan Diesel UA (kana:日産ディーゼル・UA) was a full-size single-decker bus produced by the Japanese manufacturer Nissan Diesel for 32 years of production from 1973 until 2005. It can be built as either a bus chassis or an integral bus. Competitors of the UA include the Isuzu Cubic, Mitsubishi Fuso Aero Star and the Hino Blue Ribbon.

U/UA (1973-1990) 
U/UA20/30 (1973)
U35 (1975)
K-U/UA31/36 (1980)
P-U/UA32 (1984)
P-U/UA33/50 (1988)

UA (1990-2005) 
One-step and Two-step
U-UA440/510/520 (1990)
KC-UA460/521 (1995)
KC-UA460HANkai (ERIP Hybrid, 1995)
NE-UA4E0 (CNG, 1996)
KL-UA452 (2000)

Non-step

The Nissan Diesel UA Non-step is considered as one of the low floor variants, sometimes in other parts of Japan, it is known as a low entry variant. Other low floor models include the Space Runner RA and the Space Runner RM.

F type
UA460KAM (1997)
KC-UA460KAM (1998)
KL-UA272KAM (2000)
N type
KL-UA272KAM (2003)
G type
KC-UA460 (2000)
KL-UA452 (2000)

See also 

Other Nissan Diesel low-floor (non-step) bus models sold in Japan:
 Nissan Diesel Space Runner A
 Nissan Diesel Space Runner RA
 Nissan Diesel Space Runner RM

References 

Bus chassis
Hybrid electric buses
Low-floor buses
Low-entry buses
Step-entrance buses
Buses of Japan
UA
UD trucks
Full-size buses
Vehicles introduced in 1973
Plastic clothing. Plastic clothing is clothing made from flexible sheets of plastics such as PVC, as distinct from clothing made from plastic-based synthetic fiber textiles such as polyester. Plastic clothing has existed almost since the creation of flexible plastic, particularly rain-protection garments made from waterproof fabrics.

Fashions during the 1960s included plastic clothing such as PVC miniskirts and PVC raincoats. PVC raincoats were often brightly coloured, initially as a road safety feature for children, but later as a fashion item. They were far lighter and cheaper than rubberized mackintoshes or woven gabardine raincoats, and could also be made transparent or translucent. There was great enthusiasm at the time for the use of plastic and paper garments as futuristic clothing.

Modern clothing commonly uses flexible plastic materials, in the form of both flexible plastic sheeting and plasticized fabric. Rigid plastic components are also used to replace components which would have formerly been made of metal, bone, rubber, or other materials, for example in the form of buttons, collar stiffeners and zip fasteners. Plastic components are used extensively in footwear.

Plastic materials are also commonly used in protective clothing.

Plastic clothing is not very suitable for exercise in warm conditions. It produces high relative humidity close to the skin which retards vaporisation of moisture from the skin's surface, reducing or in some cases preventing evaporative cooling.

As with other plastic items, plastic clothing is generally not biodegradable and its disposal can lead to plastic pollution.

Many items of plastic clothing are produced for single use eg polythene rain coats, laboratory coats and some PPE items. 

Plastic clothing has also become the subject of fetishistic interest, in a similar way to rubber clothing; see PVC clothing and PVC and rubber fetishism.

There have also been fashion trends involving the wearing of plastic shopping and rubbish bags as clothing, clothing made from plastic bags is also an element of trashion.

See also 
 Plastic pants

References 

Plastics applications
Plastics
Plastic recycling
AN/UYK-44. The AN/UYK-44 is the standard 16-bit minicomputer of the United States Navy. The AN/UYK-44 was developed in the early 1980s by Sperry Corporation and was completed in early 1984. The AN/UYK-44 was used in surface ships, submarines, ground C4I platforms, radar and missile control systems. The system was designed to replace the older AN/UYK-20 model.

Technical specifications
The AN/UYK-44 had 2 million words of memory, approximately 4 MB in modern terms, and operated at 0.9 MIPS.

The system has relatively large I/O capability and has a MIL-STD-1397 point-to-point I/O bus running at 250K words/s. The system was built around the use of "Standard Electronic Modules" (SEM) for logic implementation. These modules had double-sided surface mount integrated circuits and ceramic substrates for interconnect and cooling.

See also

 AN/AYK-14
 AN/UYK-20
 CMS-2 programming language
 List of military electronics of the United States

References

Military electronics of the United States
Military computers
Military equipment introduced in the 1980s
16-bit computers
AN/UYK-43. The AN/UYK-43 was the standard 32-bit computer of the United States Navy for surface ship and submarine platforms, with the first unit delivered in October, 1984. Some 1,250 units were delivered through to 2000. The size of a refrigerator, it replaced the older AN/UYK-7, both built by UNISYS and shared the same instruction set. An enhancement to the UYK-43, the Open Systems Module (OSM), allows up to six VMEbus Type 6U commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) cards to be installed in a UYK-43 enclosure.

The UYK-43 is being replaced by commercial off-the-shelf systems. Retired systems are being cannibalized for repair parts to support systems still in use by U.S. and non-U.S. forces.

Architecture

The historic AN/UYK-43 architecture includes active redundancy. It includes multiple processors, multiple memory banks, and multiple input-output devices with interfaces for multiple disk drives. Power-on self test firmware incorporates features that reconfigure software loading in order to bypass failure. This allows it to run in degraded mode with failed processors, failed memory, failed disk drives, and failed input/output devices. Remote status boards perform fault reporting.

These features improve combat survivability and eliminate requirements for periodic diagnostic maintenance, which is the intent of condition-based maintenance.

The standardized computer programming language associated with UYK and AYK series computers is called CMS-2 developed by Rand Corporation.

See also

 AN/UYK-44 16-bit computer
 CMS-2 (programming language)
 Military computers
 List of military electronics of the United States

References

Military computers
Equipment of the United States Navy
Military electronics of the United States
32-bit computers
Continental Copters Jet-Cat. 

The Continental Copters JC-1 Jet-Cat was an agricultural helicopter developed in the United States in the 1970s. Following the success that Continental Copters had enjoyed in converting Bell 47 airframes into specialized agricultural machines as the El Tomcat, the firm embarked on a project of creating a turbine-powered equivalent by converting a Bell 206. Like the El Tomcat, the Jet-Cat was to be only a single-seat aircraft with a fuselage radically reconfigured from its original design. The Jet-Cat was also equipped to carry slung loads.

Work began in 1976, but was soon interrupted in favour of a similar project to transform a Bell 204. Development of the Jet-Cat resumed the following year, and the aircraft (registration N9097T) made its first flight early in 1978. Shortly thereafter, Continental Copters ceased business and no further development took place.

References

See also

1970s United States agricultural aircraft
1970s United States helicopters
Aircraft first flown in 1978
Turbine-powered helicopters
IET Faraday Medal. The Faraday Medal is a top international medal awarded by the UK Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) (previously called the Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE)). It is part of the IET Achievement Medals collection of awards. The medal is named after the British physicist Michael Faraday, the father of electromagnetism.

Background
The Faraday Medal is the IET's highest honour and one of the world's most prestigious awards for engineers and scientists. Winners include ground-breaking pioneers and inventors. First awarded in 1922, it is one of the oldest medals still being awarded today. The top medal is awarded annually to distinguished individuals who either for notable scientific or industrial achievement in engineering or for conspicuous service rendered to the advancement of science, engineering and technology, without restriction as regards to nationality, country of residence or membership of the Institution. The award was established in 1922 to commemorate the 50th Anniversary of the first Ordinary Meeting of the Society of Telegraph Engineers and is named after Michael Faraday. Each year, the recipient received his/her award at a ceremony held in London that is hosted by the IET.

Winners

First 50 Years (1922–1972)

Next 50 Years (1973–2023)

See also

 Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering
 Millennium Technology Prize
 IEEE Medal of Honor 
 Turing Award
 Nobel Prize

References 

British science and technology awards
Awards established in 1922
1922 establishments in the United Kingdom
Institution of Engineering and Technology
Engineering awards
Science and technology awards
International awards
Academic awards
Workgroup (computer networking). In computer networking a work group is a collection of computers connected on a LAN that share the common resources and responsibilities. Workgroup is Microsoft's term for a peer-to-peer local area network. Computers running Microsoft operating systems in the same work group may share files, printers, or Internet connection. Work group contrasts with a domain, in which computers rely on centralized authentication.

See also
 Windows for Workgroups – the earliest version of Windows to allow a work group
 Windows HomeGroup – a feature introduced in Windows 7 and later removed in Windows 10 (Version 1803) that allows work groups to share contents more easily
 Browser service – the service enabled 'browsing' all the resources in work groups
 Peer Name Resolution Protocol (PNRP) - IPv6-based dynamic name publication and resolution

References

External links
 Workgroup Server Protocol Program (WSPP)

Windows technology
Computer networking
Institut Gramme. The Gramme Institute is a graduate school of engineering part of Haute École HELMo in Liège in Belgium.
It was founded in 1906 by Belgian Jesuit Adolphe Renard. It was named "Ecole des Arts et Métiers" after the same school in France. The first promotion came out in 1908 at a time when the studies lasted for 2 years only. The school's mission is the training of highly skilled engineers able to work in all branches of industry. The course period was raised quickly to 3 years and the academic grade of technical engineer was created in 1919. In 1977, the academic grade of industrial engineer was created and studies, now at university level, had a 4-year term. In his hundredth anniversary, recently, the institute has registered its formation in the framework of the Bologna decree granting titles of Bachelor of Science (BS) and Master of Science (MS) degrees at the end of a course period of 5 years.

Programmes:
"B.S. - Bachelor of Science in Technology & Industrial Science";
"M.S. - Master of Science in Industrial engineering" - Industry & technological management;
"M.S. - Master of Science in Industrial engineering" - Sustainable & energetical engineering;
Double degree HEC Liège - Gramme (from September 2016): M.S. (180 crédits ECTS) - Masters of Science in Industrial & Business engineering.

The school has its own research center, the CRIG, it is named after the inventor of the dynamo, Zenobe Gramme and is part of the ASJEL (Association of higher education institutions in Europe and Lebanon).

The alumni are grouped within the association Union Gramme.

See also
 List of Jesuit sites in Belgium
 Diocese of Liège

External links
  Association des établissements d'enseignement supérieur d'Europe et du Liban
 Centre de recherche CRIG 
 Haute Ecole HELMo
 Institut Gramme  
 Union Gramme

Jesuit universities and colleges
Liège Province
Universities and colleges established in 1906
1906 establishments in Belgium
Naval Air Establishment Chiang Hung. 

The Naval Air Establishment Chiang Hung (江鴻 - "River Swan") was a reconnaissance seaplane developed for the Chinese Navy in the late 1920s. It was a conventional biplane design with single-bay, unstaggered wings of equal span and accommodation for the pilot and observer in tandem, open cockpits. The landing gear consisted of twin pontoons.

Operators

Chinese Navy

Specifications

References

Further reading
 
 

1920s Chinese military reconnaissance aircraft
Floatplanes
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Chiang Hung