omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Dosing. Dosing generally applies to feeding chemicals or medicines when used in small quantities.

For medicines the term dose is generally used. In the case of inanimate objects the word dosing is typical. The term dose titration, referring to stepwise adjustment of doses until a desired level of effect is reached, is common in medicine.

Engineering
The word dosing is very commonly used by engineers in thermal power stations, in water treatment, in any industry where steam is being generated, and in building services for heating and cooling water treatment. Dosing procedures are also in vogue in textile and similar industries where chemical treatment is involved.

Commercial swimming pools also require chemical dosing in order to control pH balance, chlorine level, and other such water quality criteria. Modern swimming pool plant will have bulk storage of chemicals held in separate dosing tanks, and will have automated controls and dosing pumps to top up the various chemicals as required to control the water quality.

In a power station treatment chemicals are injected or fed to boiler and also to feed and make up water under pressure, but in small dosages or rate of injection. The feeding at all places is done by means of small capacity dosing pumps specially designed for the duty demanded.

In building services the water quality of various pumped fluid systems, including for heating, cooling, and condensate water, will be regularly checked and topped up with chemicals manually as required to suit the required water quality. Most commonly inhibitors will be added to protect the pipework and components against corrosion, or a biocide will be added to stop the growth of bacteria in lower temperature systems. The required chemicals will be added to the fluid system by use of a dosing pot; a multi-valved chamber in which the chemical can be added, and then introduced to the fluid system in a controlled manner.

In food industries, the dosing of ingredients is particularly important in order to ensure the quality of the recipe as well as its food safety where the consumers' health may be directly implicated. Dosing is done in wet processes with dosing pumps but even more importantly in dry processes, just prior to the packaging of the product. Dosing of dry materials is commonly done through Gain-in-Weight dosing or Loss-in-Weight dosing using equipment on load cells.

Agriculture
See pesticide application

The feeding of chemicals in agriculture has also become common due to technology developments. However agricultural dosing is done by means of hand held pressure spray pumps.

Aerial spraying
Sometimes aerial spraying of chemicals by fixed quantities at intervals or dosing is also adopted for agricultural spraying or for atmospheric spraying for eliminating certain types of harmful insects.

References 

Engineering concepts
Agricultural terminology
Pharmacodynamics
Mendocino motor. The Mendocino motor is a solar-powered magnetically levitated electric motor. With a very low power output, they are generally used as technical demonstrations only, but are a popular construction project with electronic enthusiasts.

Description

The motor consists of a rotor shaft with an array of (typically four to eight) solar panels and electromagnetic coils arranged in a barrel shape around the centre of the shaft; this rotor is horizontally mounted in a frictionless radial bearings over a central magnet on the base plate of the motor. The final 6th degree of freedom, the axial or thrust direction, is not levitated, but rather supported by a steel ball point of contact (low friction).

An original Mendocino Motor is a light commutated motor. Two opposite solar panels are connected plus to opposite minus and minus to opposite plus. A coil is switched between these bridges. The solar panel in the sun/light produces more electricity than the solar panel in the shadow. So the solar panel in the sun dominates the flow of electricity. The coil and the base magnet create Lorentz force and so a movement that leads the next solar panel into the sun/light, thus maintaining the rotation. If the rotor is well balanced the rotor will start itself with enough light. Even a candle light could start a very well balanced rotor.

In a modification, new constructors used one coil each supported by one opposite solar panel. It's easier to produce but this design isn't as favorable as the light commutated version. Many of these motors need an initial impulse to move.

History
The idea of a light-commutated motor, where solar cells power the individual coils of a motor, was first described by Daryl Chapin in an experiment kit from 1962 about solar energy.
The kit was distributed by Bell Labs, where Chapin together with his colleagues Calvin Fuller and Gerald Pearson had invented the modern solar cell eight years earlier, in 1954. Chapin's version of the motor uses a vertical glass cylinder on a needle point as a low-friction bearing. 

A magnetic suspension of the rotor was added in 1994 by eccentric inventor Larry Spring to create "Larry Spring's Magnetic Levitation Mendocino Brushless Solar Motor" - more commonly called "Mendocino Motor" with a horizontal rotor. The name comes from the location of his workshop on the Mendocino coast of California.

References

External links
 Detailed description of construction 
 a 3D printed version of a tiny Mendocino motor

Electric motors
Association for Automated Reasoning. The Association for Automated Reasoning (AAR) is a non-profit corporation that serves as an association of researchers working on  automated theorem proving, automated reasoning, and related fields. It organizes the CADE and IJCAR conferences and publishes a roughly quarterly newsletter.

The website of the association is maintained by Valentin Montmirail and Geoff Sutcliffe in Jekyll (software).

External links
 AAR web page

Computer science organizations
Automated reasoning
Frederic Newton Gisborne. Frederic Newton Gisborne (8 March 1824 – 30 August 1892) was a British inventor and electrician.

Born in Broughton, England, he left England in 1842 for a trip around the world, finally settling in Canada in 1845. By close study he became an expert electrician, and original improvements in methods and instruments soon attracted so much attention that he was appointed superintendent of the lines of the Nova Scotia government at Halifax.

After studying the problems of ocean telegraphy, he laid the first deep-sea cable in North American waters, between Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick in 1852. In 1853 he went to New York City, where in 1854 he became associated with Cyrus W. Field. On the organization of the New York, Newfoundland, and London Telegraph Company, he was appointed the chief engineer. The new company intended to lay the first deep-sea telegraph cable between Europe and North America.

In 1879, Gisborne was appointed superintendent of the Canadian government telegraph service, which position he held until his death. Among his numerous inventions were an anti-induction ocean cable, electric and pneumatic ship signals, an anticorrosive composition for the bottoms of iron ships, and an electric recording target.

References
 
 Charles Dawson,"The First Submarine Telegraph Cable in America", 1852.

External links

 The Frederic Newton Gisborne Collection at the Victoria University Library at the University of Toronto

1824 births
1892 deaths
Canadian inventors
People from Broughton, Lancashire
Canadian electrical engineers
Franz Fehrenbach. Franz Fehrenbach (born 1 July 1949) is a German engineer and manager who was the chairman of Robert Bosch GmbH.

Career
Fehrenbach studied industrial engineering at the University of Karlsruhe and joined Robert Bosch GmbH in 1975. In 1988, he was transferred to the United States, but he returned to Germany in 1989. In 1990, Fehrenbach became Vice-CEO of the corporation. In 2003, he then became chairman of Robert Bosch GmbH, succeeding Hermann Scholl.

In 2012, Fehrenbach caused a stir by expressing his political view to expel Greece not only out of the Euro zone but also out of the European Union.

Other activities

Corporate boards
 Temasek Holdings, Member of the European Advisory Panel (since 2016)
 Linde, Deputy Chairman of the Supervisory Board (since 2013) 
 Stihl, Member of the Supervisory Board (2012–2023)
 BASF, Member of the Supervisory Board (2008–2022)

Non-profit organizations
 Allensbach Institute, Member of the Board of Trustees
 Baden-Badener Unternehmer-Gespräche (BBUG), Member of the Board of Trustees
 European School of Management and Technology (ESMT), Member of the Board of Trustees
 German Institute for International and Security Affairs (SWP), Member of the Council
 Stifterverband für die Deutsche Wissenschaft, Member of the Board 
 Trilateral Commission, Member of the European Group

Recognition
 2009 – Prize for Understanding and Tolerance, awarded by the Jewish Museum Berlin

References

Businesspeople from Baden-Württemberg
1949 births
Living people
Bosch (company) people
People from Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald

 - article about Greece opinions
Chrysler Java. The Chrysler Java was a concept car created by Chrysler. The Chrysler Java was first introduced at the 1999 Frankfurt Motor Show. Its design was based upon the Chrysler minivans.

The Java was powered by a 1.4 L 4-cylinder engine. The Java had a top speed of about ; and could accelerate from 0 to  in approximately 12.9 seconds. It used a five-speed manual transmission.

The Java's design was more likely architectural than automotive. The Java had an egg-like shape, and also had tall taillights. The Java was originally painted in black, and was later repainted to a light green-silver metallic.

External links
The Chrysler Java description at "The Car Enthusiast"
The Java's technical specifications

Java
Voice Funnel. The Voice Funnel was an experimental high-speed interface between digitized speech streams and a packet switching communications network, in particular the ARPANET. It was built in the time frame from 1979 to 1981. It may be viewed as an early Voice over IP voice and video telephone.

The Voice Funnel was designed and built by Bolt, Beranek and Newman. During the 1980s, it was used for audio and video conferences across the ARPANET, and later evolved into the multi-processor BBN Butterfly computer.

See also
Network Voice Protocol

References 
 Rettberg, R., C. Wyman, D. Hunt, M. Hoffman, P. Carvey, B. Hyde, W. Clark and M. Kraley. Development of a Voice Funnel System: Design Report, Bolt, Beranek and Newman, Report No. 4098, August 1979.

Voice over IP
VoIP hardware
Remote scripting. Remote scripting is a technology which allows scripts and programs that are running inside a browser to exchange information with a server. The local scripts can invoke scripts on the remote side and process the returned information. 

The earliest form of asynchronous remote scripting was developed before XMLHttpRequest existed, and made use of very simple process: a static web page opens a dynamic web page (e.g. at other target frame) that is reloaded with new JavaScript content, generated remotely on the server side.

The XMLHttpRequest and similar "client-side script remote procedure call" functions, open the possibility of use and triggering web services from the web page interface.
 
The web development community subsequently developed a range of techniques for remote scripting in order to enable consistent results across different browsers. Early examples include JSRS library from 2000, the introduction of the Image/Cookie technique in 2000.

JavaScript Remote Scripting
JavaScript Remote Scripting (JSRS) is a web development technique for creating interactive web applications using a combination of:
HTML (or XHTML)
 The Document Object Model manipulated through JavaScript to dynamically display and interact with the information presented
 A transport layer. Different technologies may be used, though using a script tag or an iframe is used the most because it has better browser support than XMLHttpRequest
 A data format. XML with WDDX can be used as well as JSON or any other text format.

Schematic

A similar approach is  Ajax, though it depends on the XmlHttpRequest in newer web browsers.

Libraries
 Brent Ashley's original JSRS library released in 2000
 BlueShoes JSRS with added encoding and OO RPC abstractions
 
 MSDN article

See also
 Ajax
 Rich Internet application

External links

Web development
Boston Edison Company. The Boston Edison Company (BECo) was incorporated as the Edison Electric Illuminating Company of Boston in 1886. It was one of the earliest electric utility companies in the United States of America. The company was formally renamed the Boston Edison Company in June 1937, although it had also been previously known by this name informally.

Electric vehicles
Edward S. Mansfield was placed in charge of BECo's activities in relation to electric vehicles.
On 3 April 1911 BECo organized a conference at the Hotel Thorndike, in Boston to encourage closer co-operation between electric vehicle manufacturers and central station managers in the Boston area. Dugald C. Jackson attended and promised the support of MIT in providing scientific research to support the development of the electric vehicle industry.

Disappearance as independent company
In 1999 it was merged with Cambridge Electric Light Company, Commonwealth Electric Company, and NSTAR Gas Company to form NSTAR. After subsequent mergers, what remains of the Boston Edison Company is now part of Eversource Energy.

South Boston power plant

The company operated the L Street Power Plant (now 776 Summer Street) in South Boston, which was constructed in 1898, with the turbine hall constructed in 1903. At the time of decommissioning it belonged to Exelon, which sold it for redevelopment in 2016. The Exelon New Boston Power Plant had been built on the same property without demolishing the original Edison building.

Real estate firms Redgate and Hilco Redevelopment proposed a mixed-use development, which would require the state to release a 2014 deed restriction prohibiting residential construction. The site adjoins Conley Terminal and its haul road (which is the reason for the restriction), and a reserved shipping channel.

See also
 Boston Edison Power Station (Newton))

References

Electric power companies of the United States
1886 establishments in Massachusetts
ASM International (society). ASM International, formerly known as the American Society for Metals, is an association of materials-centric engineers and scientists.  

As the charitable arm of ASM, the ASM Materials Education Foundation also operates ASM Materials Camp in the summers for high school students and teachers. These camps are intended to educate the public about the materials field, and encourage young people to pursue careers in materials science and engineering.

History
ASM has been in existence, under various names, since 1913, when it began as a local club in Detroit called the Steel Treaters Club. During World War I, the Steel Treaters Club became the Steel Treating Research Society, with groups in Detroit, Chicago, and Cleveland. After World War I, the Chicago group seceded and formed the American Steel Treaters Society. 

In 1920 the local chapters were reunified into the new American Society for Steel Treating (ASST). The society expanded its technical scope beyond steel during the 1920s. In 1933 it became the American Society for Metals (ASM). 

Gradually the society expanded its geographic scope beyond the U.S. and its technical scope beyond metals to include other materials. It became known as ASM International in 1986. , ASM claims 20,000 members worldwide.

ASM provides several information resources, including technical journals, books, and databases. ASM also hosts numerous international conferences each year, including ASM's Annual Meeting: International Materials, Applications, and Technologies Conference and Exposition (IMAT).

Affiliate Societies 
Six affiliate societies focused on specific areas of materials science also fall under the ASM umbrella: 

 The Heat Treating Society (HTS), 
 The Thermal Spray Society (TSS), 
 The International Metallographic Society (IMS), 
 The Electronic Device Failure Analysis Society (EDFAS), 
 The Failure Analysis Society (FAS), and 
 The International Organization on Shape Memory and Superelastic Technology (SMST). 

Each society is led by volunteers, produces specific technical content for members, and holds its own international event.

Journals 
Technical journals published on behalf of ASM include:

 Alloy Digest
 International Materials Reviews (IMR)
 Journal of Failure Analysis & Prevention (JFAP)
 Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance (JMEP)
 Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion (JPED)
 Journal of Thermal Spray Technology (JTST)
 Metallography, Microstructure, and Analysis (MMA)
 Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A and B (MetTransA & MetTransB)
 Shape Memory and Superelasticity.

See also
ASM Headquarters and Geodesic Dome

References

External links

 ASM International

Engineering societies based in the United States
Geauga County, Ohio
Materials science organizations
Metallurgical organizations
Organizations based in Ohio
Scientific organizations established in 1913
1913 establishments in Michigan
PaPeRo. The PaPeRo which stands for "Partner-type-Personal-Robot", is a personal robot developed by Japanese firm NEC Corporation. It is noted for its cute appearance and facial recognition system. The robot's development began in 1997 with the first prototype, the R100. The name PaPeRo was adopted in 2001.

PaPeRo has been researched and developed with the intent for it to partner with human beings and live together with them. For this reason, it has various basic functions for the purpose of interacting with people.

Since the original introduction of PaPeRo, there have been a few different versions, including a Childcare Version, 2003 and 2005 revised versions, and "PaPe-Jiro", a robotic comedian. In 2006, a virtual PaPeRo was released for use in any PC running the Windows operating system and the Pocket PC. The robot is programmable using a development environment known as "PaPeRo Creator".

For PaPeRo to interact with people and perform autonomous actions, it must understand information on the conditions of, and outside, the location where it has been put. For this reason, various devices have been included to detect the outside area, such as a CCD camera, microphone, ultrasonic sensors, etc.

In spring 2009, NEC introduced PaPeRo Mini, weighing half of the current PaPeRo model, with physical dimensions roughly half the size of the original.  The PaPeRo Petit was introduced in 2013, which is even smaller at 23 cm tall.  NEC plans to use this version to provide a service "that will allow family members living apart to watch over each other utilizing the robot and cloud computing technology."

Specifications 
 Height: 
 Width: 
 Depth: 
 Weight: Approximately 
 Continuous operating time: 2 to 3 hours
 Battery charging time: 2 to 3 hours

Source:

Technology 
PaPeRo uses different technologies to interact with its environment. For example, Its "eyes" are really twin cameras with a face recognition system. When PaPeRo has nothing to do, it roams around looking for faces. Upon finding one, it will try to start a conversation. PaPeRo also has a speech recognition system. With a pair of sensitive microphones, it can determine exactly where a sound comes from and if the sound is human speech. The robot will then interpret the information and respond accordingly. While PaPeRo roams around, it uses an ultrasound system located in its chest to detect objects. If an object lies in its path, PaPeRo's ultrasound system will detect where exactly the object is, and then PaPeRo will decide what to do to avoid the object. PaPeRo also has other sensors located in its head, which can detect if the robot is patted, slapped, etc., with PaPeRo responding accordingly.

External links

References

Entertainment robots
Social robots
Robots of Japan
2001 robots
Rolling robots
Apple Qmaster. Apple Qmaster is a system made by Apple Inc. that provides automated work distribution and processing for high-volume projects created with certain digital visual effects software packages: Shake, Autodesk Maya, Final Cut Pro, Compressor, DVD Studio Pro and any UNIX command-line program. It processes such jobs on a cluster of Macs or Xserves.

History
Qmaster was introduced as part of Shake 3, to complement the Rendezvous (now Bonjour) networking technology. It was later available with Shake and as part of DVD Studio Pro (until those products were discontinued in 2011), and is now available exclusively with Compressor.

Qmaster clusters could be created and managed using Apple's Qadministrator app, which was included with Shake, Final Cut Studio and Logic Studio.

External links and references 
 Apple Qmaster Support
 Apple Qmaster 3 manual (PDF)
 Macworld Tutorial for simple setup

References 

sv:Apple Qmaster
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada. Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada (JNTU Kakinada) is a public university in Kakinada of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is one of India's universities focusing on engineering. The university has been accredited by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) of the University Grants Commission (UGC) with an "A+" grade. JNTU Kakinada is known for its EAMCET entrance test where over 250,000 students take the test every year for around 600 seats in its undergraduate engineering courses. All the selected top candidates for engineering programs enroll at the University College of Engineering (Autonomous) Kakinada.

Academics

The college offers BTech undergraduate and postgraduate degrees in various fields. JNTU Kakinada has established the following schools:

 School of Management Studies
 School of  Spatial Information Technology
 School of Health Sciences and  Research
 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences &  Technologies
 School of Renewable Energy &  Environment
 School of Food Technology
 School of Biotechnology
 School of Avionics
 School of  Soft Skills & Public Relations

Admissions 
Admission into BTech is based on EAMCET or ECET ranks; admission into MTech is based on Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering or PGECET scores; and admission into MCA is based on ICET rank. Students in the state with the highest grades in the above entrance examinations get admission to the college.

Admission into its undergraduate engineering courses is extremely competitive with less than 1% of the students from the Open Category getting selected to study at the University College of Engineering Kakinada, JNTUK through EAMCET entrance examination every year.

Constituent colleges 

JNTU Kakinada has two constituent colleges: University College of Engineering, Kakinada and University College of Engineering, Narasaraopet. On 12 January 2022, the Government of Andhra Pradesh granted university status to JNTUK Vizianagaram and renamed it as Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University - Gurajada, Vizianagaram.

Rankings

University College of Engineering, Kakinada was ranked in the 101-150 band among engineering colleges by the NIRF in 2023.

Notable alumni
Notable alumni include:
Satya N. Atluri, Mechanical Engineering (1959-1963); Padma Bhushan in science and engineering, 2013
E. Sreedharan, Padma Vibhushan
B. V. R. Mohan Reddy, CEO Cyient

References

External links 

 

Engineering colleges in Andhra Pradesh
All India Council for Technical Education
Education in Kakinada
1946 establishments in India
Universities and colleges established in 1946
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University
State universities in Andhra Pradesh