omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Alfi (car manufacturer). The Alfi was a German automobile brand built between 1921 and 1925, and again between 1927 and 1928. The Alfi was built in Berlin (then in Prussia), initially by the electrical company AG für Akkumulatoren- und Automobilbau (AAA) (), which later also changed its name to Alfi.

First generation
The company had been responsible for the AAA line of electric cars and vans which were supplied in large numbers to the German postal service. In 1922, when the company decided to move to engine driven cars, it changed its name to Alfi, derived from the owner's name, Alex Fischer.

The first Alfi model had a  flat-twin engine. This was followed by a side valve  inline-four engine manufactured by Steudel of Kamenz in Saxony.  Next came an inline-four of  built by Atos of Berlin. The company ceased production in 1925.

Second generation
A new Alfi company, Alfi Automobile GmbH was formed in 1927, also by Alex Fischer.  This time the cars and vans were three-wheelers powered by DKW engines driving the single front wheel. These could be turned 180 degrees to propel the car backward. An additional four-wheeled model, the 4-wheeled Alfi Sport, had a 2/10PS engine, was bodied as an open or coupe two-seater, and was produced in small numbers. The company closed in 1928.

See also
V4 engine
Drezdenko
Flat engine

External links
Alfi Automobile GmbH in Die großen Automobil- und Motorradrennen - Fichtenhain-Rennbahn 1925 - 1932 at Google Books (in German)
Autohandel (Das Auto Forum) (in German)
Patent and history at mercedes-benz.com

Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of Germany
Vintage vehicles
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1922
Vehicle manufacturing companies disestablished in 1928
1928 disestablishments in Germany
German companies established in 1922
manufacturing companies based in Berlin
companies of Prussia
Allen (1913 Philadelphia automobile). The Allen was a short-lived American automobile manufactured in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from 1913 to 1914.

The early models featured a two-cylinder engine, while later ones had a water-cooled four-cylinder version. These models also had a friction transmission and shaft drive, a  wheelbase, and a  track, costing $450.

References
 G. Marshall Naul, "Allen (i)”, in G.N. Georgano, ed., The Complete Encyclopedia of Motorcars 1885-1968 (New York: E.P. Dutton and Co., 1974), pp. 36.

Cars introduced in 1913
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States
Motor vehicle manufacturers based in Pennsylvania
Allen (1913 Ohio automobile). The Allen was an American automobile built in Fostoria, Ohio between 1913 and 1921. The company used 3.1 liter four-cylinder side-valve Sommers engines, and acquired said company in 1915. The 1920 the Allen 43 was made, featuring bevel-sided touring coachwork and a high-shouldered radiator. Ultimately, sales of this vehicle were not enough to avert the company's bankruptcy, which followed in 1921. Willys acquired what little was left. In total, 20,000 vehicles were sold.

References

Cars introduced in 1913
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States
Motor vehicle manufacturers based in Ohio
Fostoria, Ohio
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1913
Vehicle manufacturing companies disestablished in 1921
1913 establishments in Ohio
1921 disestablishments in Ohio
Defunct manufacturing companies based in Ohio
Cars discontinued in 1921
Allen Kingston. The Allen Kingston was an American automobile manufactured from 1907 to 1909 by the New York Car & Truck Company for motor agent Walter C. Allen. The car was designed on European lines, featuring runningboard-mounted spare tires and an early boat-tailed body, but was meant for American manufacture to circumvent the 45% duty on imported cars. These 45 hp 7400 cc cars were advertised as combining "the best features of the Fiat, the Renault and the Mercedes in a harmonious new construction of the highest quality".

References

Cars introduced in 1907
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States
Motor vehicle manufacturers based in New York (state)
Defunct companies based in New York (state)
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1907
Vehicle manufacturing companies disestablished in 1909
1907 establishments in New York City
1909 disestablishments in New York (state)
Cars discontinued in 1909
Obion River. The Obion River system is the primary surface water drainage system of northwestern Tennessee, United States.

Description

The Obion has four major forks, the North Fork, Middle Fork, South Fork and Rutherford Fork (which is named after Henry Rutherford an early surveyor of the area). The confluences of these forks are a few miles above the mouth of the Obion's discharge into the Mississippi River. For the greater parts of their lengths, the forks exist as separate streams.

In the mid-20th century, the Obion system was largely channelized for agricultural purposes, under the auspices of the Obion-Forked Deer Basin Authority, a Tennessee state agency that coordinated this work with the United States Army Corps of Engineers. Some of the adverse effects of channelization included increasing erosion of land, loss of wildlife habitat, and increased flooding downstream. But with the restoration of wetlands along the river in the 21st century, this process has now been halted and – in a few places – somewhat reversed.

The origin of the name "Obion" is obscure. Some say that it is derived from a Native American word and others that it represents a corruption of the name of an Irish fur trapper, O'Bion or, perhaps, O'Brien.

Obion County, Tennessee, is named after the Obion River.

After the 1818 Chickasaw cession of West Tennessee (known in Kentucky as Jackson Purchase), explorer Davy Crockett moved to the South Fork Obion River in Weakley County (present-day Gibson County after restructuring of the county in 1837). There he built a log cabin along the River, where he and his family resided until his trip to Texas in 1835.

See also

 List of Tennessee rivers

References

External links

Rivers of Tennessee
Tributaries of the Mississippi River
Rivers of Dyer County, Tennessee
Bodies of water of Gibson County, Tennessee
Bodies of water of Lauderdale County, Tennessee
Bodies of water of Obion County, Tennessee
Alsace (automobile). The Alsace was an American automobile manufactured by Piedmont between 1920 and 1921 for Automotive Products Co. of New York, made with right-hand drive for export purposes.

The car differed from other Piedmont products chiefly because it used a Rolls-Royce-shaped radiator.  It had a wheelbase of  and employed a 3.1 litre four-cylinder Herschell-Spillman engine.

References
Keith Marvin, "Alsace", in G.N. Georgano, ed., The Complete Encyclopedia of Motorcars 1885-1968  (New York: E.P. Dutton and Co., 1974), pp. 37.

Vintage vehicles
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States
Altham (car). Altham was an automobile manufactured from 1898 to 1899, in Fall River, Massachusetts, United States. It was designed by George J. Altham, and manufactured by Altham International Motor Car Company, which was based in Boston, Massachusetts, United States.

History 
In 1896, a designer George J. Altham from Fall River, Massachusetts, United States, after years of work, had made a petrol engine. In August 1897, he installed it in a vehicle for testing purposes. In 1898, Altham International Motor Car Company was established, with its headquarters in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. By October 1898, the working prototype was sufficiently developed, and the commercial production of the Altham car had begun. The manufacturing factory was located in Fall River, Massachusetts, United States. The production ended in 1899, with only a few vehicles being built overall.

Specifications 
The Altham car had an air-cooled two-cylinder petrol engine, with 6 horsepower (4.4 kW), and 1000 revolutions per minute. The vehicle had two seats.

References 

1890s cars
Cars introduced in 1898
Defunct manufacturing companies based in Massachusetts
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States
Fall River, Massachusetts
Motor vehicle manufacturers based in Massachusetts
Veteran vehicles
1898 establishments in Massachusetts
1899 disestablishments in Massachusetts
Cars discontinued in 1899
Amco. The Amco was an American automobile manufactured primarily for the export market, designed by D.M. Eller and built by American Motors, Inc. of New York City from 1917 to 1922.  

Between 1919 and 1920 the company produced cars that had left- or right-hand steering optional.  The cars were marketed in a single color: beige.  Each carried a radiator specially designed for tropical climates. Amcos were powered by Golden, Belknap & Swartz (GB&S) 35 hp inline-four engine, and they had a wheelbase of .

References

External links
Entry at american-automobiles.com

Vintage vehicles
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States
Motor vehicle manufacturers based in New York (state)
America (Spanish automobile). The America was a Spanish automobile manufactured in Barcelona from 1917 to 1922.  The four-cylinder "valveless" model, the "Tipo A", had a primitive synchromesh gearbox and worm final drive.  The firm's main product was the 1097cc "Tipo B"; the "Tipo C" was an ohv racing model.

History 
The general director and technical director of América Autos was engineer Manuel Pazos. One of his early designs was an elastic wheel intended to replace the inner tube tire, though the invention did not gain much acceptance due to technical issues. Another of his designs was a type of engine distribution system in which valves were replaced by what he called "rotary conical distributors." The general representation of the company was entrusted to Arcadi de Bobes, who had a showroom at 30 Balmes Street, where he also sold French Hurtu cars and British Dennis trucks.

In 1917, the company introduced its first model under the "América" brand, the Tipo A, equipped with a four-cylinder engine. The model featured several innovations, including the aforementioned distribution system, a proprietary synchronized carburetor and gearbox (the first built in Spain), a pressurized lubrication system, and an original patented leaf spring and suspension system. The elastic wheel was offered as an option (the car came with conventional wheels as standard). Despite these innovations, the Tipo A was not commercially successful.

The failure of the Tipo A forced the company to reconsider its business strategy, and in 1919 it introduced the Tipo B, a small conventional car with a body designed by industrial coachbuilder Alfons Lucas, who had workshops at 345 Còrsega Street in Barcelona. The Tipo B was presented at the 1919 Barcelona Auto Show, where it received a favorable reception.

In 1921, the Tipo C was introduced, based on the B and intended for competition, but only one unit was ever produced. The bodywork was also crafted by Alfons Lucas. Finally, in 1922, the factory closed its doors.

References

Vintage vehicles
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of Spain
Companies based in Barcelona
American (1899 automobile). The American was an American automobile designed by Frank Duryea and manufactured by the American Automobile Company of New York City in 1899 to 1901.  It was a "hydro-carbon carriage" which could be started from the seat by its chain-and-sprocket gearing.

References

External links 
 Photo on Flickr

Veteran vehicles
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States
Duryea
Motor vehicle manufacturers based in New York (state)
American (1917 automobile). The American was an American automobile, built in Plainfield, New Jersey, manufactured from 1917 to 1924.  The company also used names American Balanced Six or American Six, "Balanced" referred to its chassis, not the engine.  It was an assembled car, one of many built in its time, and it used components from several manufacturers like Borg & Beck for clutch, Warner transmission, Stromberg carburetor and Rutenber engines.

The company was never large; its peak production was 1400 vehicles built in 1920.  In that same year a powerful 58 hp Herschell-Spillman six-cylinder engine replaced old 45 hp Rutenber six.  American was commonly advertised as a 'Smile Car' because the company believed their cars offered trouble-free miles for their owners.  In 1923 the company became associated with the Bessemer Motor Truck Corporation; that October, the company became Amalgamated Motors Corporation, incorporating Northway and Winther as well.  Before spring of 1924 American car was out of production.  The total number of cars produced was about 6000 cars.

For a brief time, famed racing driver and future automobile designer Louis Chevrolet worked as a vice-president and the head of American's engineering department.

References

External links 

Defunct manufacturing companies based in New Jersey
Plainfield, New Jersey
Vintage vehicles
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States
American Chocolate. The American Chocolate, later known as the Walter, was an American automobile manufactured from 1902 to 1906 by vending machine company American Chocolate Machinery Co. in Manhattan, New York. He decided to expand his business by assembling automobiles in his factory. The cars were exhibited at the New York automobile show.

The cars were built from imported components, and were 30, 40, and 50 hp models. Production was supervised by Swiss engineer William Walter, who began building cars in 1898. The company relocated to Trenton, New Jersey in 1906, where it began producing cars under the name Walter.

After 1910 Walter was building 4 X 4 trucks, which were used by the military and municipalities. Just after World War I, Walter sub-contracted some production of its trucks to the Milwaukee Locomotive Manufacturing Company. After that, Walter switched from the brand's own four-cylinder motor to the Waukesha engine, and the company moved to a new location on Long Island in 1923. The company would be finally absorbed by Kovatch Mobile Equipment Corp (KME) in the late 1970s.

Models

Notes

 
 
 

Brass Era vehicles
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States
Motor vehicle manufacturers based in New Jersey
Motor vehicle manufacturers based in New York (state)
American Electric (1899 automobile). The American Electric was an American automobile manufactured in Chicago from 1899 to 1902 and Hoboken, New Jersey, in 1902. The company was incorporated by Clinton Edgar Woods in 1895 as American Electric Vehicle Co. Chicago, and merged with Indiana Bicycle Co. to become Waverly in 1898 and later Pope-Waverley.

The company built a wide range of electric carriages - some bodied as high, ungainly-looking dos-a-dos four-seaters - these were claimed to be capable of running from  to .  Perhaps optimistically, the manufacturer claimed that "very few private carriages would ever be subjected to such a test". The company moved to New Jersey in 1902, according to a company statement, “to find more wealthy customers,” but they shutdown operations within the year.

See also
 History of the electric vehicle
 List of defunct United States automobile manufacturers

References 

Veteran vehicles
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States
Electric vehicles introduced in the 19th century
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1899
American companies established in 1899
1899 establishments in Illinois
Motor vehicle manufacturers based in Illinois
American Electric (1913 automobile). American Electric was a short-lived American automobile manufacturer that built cars from 1913 to 1914. It was an amalgamation of three electric car companies: Argo Electric, Borland Electric, and Broc Electric.

References

External links
 Electric Vehicles Magazine - v. 3 no. 5–12 May-Dec. 1913.

Brass Era vehicles
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States
Electric vehicles introduced in the 20th century
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1913
American companies established in 1913
American Steamer. The American Steamer was an American steam car manufactured by the American Steam Truck Co. of Elgin, Illinois, from 1922 to 1924.

The American Steamer was typical of the steam cars which flooded the market in the early 1920s. It featured a twin-cylinder compound double-acting motor deemed capable of at least . The company offered a touring car, a roadster, a coupe, and a sedan. Between 16 and 20 were built. The prototype was tested as early as 1918, but the company went bankrupt shortly thereafter.

See also 
 American Steam Car
 AMC (automobile)
 Coats Steam Car

References

Vintage vehicles
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States
Steam cars
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1922
1922 establishments in Illinois
Vehicle manufacturing companies disestablished in 1924
1924 disestablishments in Illinois
Motor vehicle manufacturers based in Illinois
American Underslung. The American Underslung was an American automobile, the brainchild of Harry Stutz and designer Fred Tone, manufactured in Indianapolis from 1905 to 1914 by American Motor Car Company.

Design 
The American Underslung's chassis design and huge  wheels gave it a distinctive appearance and it was noticeably lower than other cars from the same era. The chassis was hung below the axles rather than set atop them, with the engine and transmission mass moved closer to the ground lowering the center of gravity and giving sports car appearance and handling. The design mounted the engine and body within the frame rails rather than on the top as with other cars of the era. Developed in collaboration with Harry Stutz, the 1905 Underslung "was one of the most significant, if unsung, automobiles of this century's first decade."

The automobiles were marketed at the upper price range of the market. Prices for the American Underslung ranged from US$1,250 to $4,000. The cars came with Teetor-Harley  straight-4  engines producing , as measured by an old system, and starting in 1908 a  with   became available. Additionally, a  six-cylinder engine was capable of , one of the strongest cars of its time.

Versions

The American Underslung came in several versions:
 A two door sports version, called the "Scout Roadster".
 Around 1909, American introduced a four-passenger Underslung dubbed "The Traveler." An example of this car, chassis #1687, is on display at the Simeone Foundation Automotive Museum in Philadelphia, PA, USA.
 The car was also available from 1905 to 1908 with a conventional chassis design; this model was called the "American Tourist".  It came in another version, a two door sports version, called the Scout Roadster.

Updates:
 In 1910, the horsepower rating for the engine was increased to  by enlarging the cylinder bore and adding pressurized lubrication.
 In 1913, electric starters and lights became available on the Underslungs.

Closure 
The American Underslung marketing slogan was "The Car For The Discriminating Few" and apparently there were few buyers. Although new models were introduced for 1914 and the company continued to boast the American Underslung was "America’s Most Luxurious Car", the end came when the firm was put into receivership in November 1913.

References

External links 

Brass Era vehicles
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States
Motor vehicle manufacturers based in Indiana
Defunct companies based in Indiana
Defunct companies based in Indianapolis
Ronald J. Brachman. Ronald Jay "Ron" Brachman (born 1949) is the director of the Jacobs Technion-Cornell Institute at Cornell Tech. Previously, he was the Chief Scientist of Yahoo! and head of Yahoo! Labs (Now Yahoo! Research).  Prior to that, he was the Associate Head of Yahoo! Labs and Head of Worldwide Labs and Research Operations.

Education
Brachman earned his B.S.E.E. degree from Princeton University, and his S.M. and Ph.D. degrees from Harvard University.

Career
Prior to working at Yahoo!, Brachman worked at DARPA as the Director of the Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO), one of DARPA's eight offices at the time.  While at IPTO, he helped develop DARPA's Cognitive Systems research efforts. Before that, he worked at AT&T Bell Laboratories (Murray Hill, New Jersey) as the Head of the Artificial Intelligence Principles Research Department (2004) and Director of the Software and Systems Research Laboratory.  When AT&T split with Lucent in 1996, he became Communications Services Research Vice President and was one of the founders of AT&T Labs.

He is considered by some to be the godfather of description logic, the logic-based knowledge representation formalism underlying the Web Ontology Language OWL. He was elected a Fellow of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence in 1990.

He was a resident of Westfield, New Jersey.

Publications
He is the co-author with Hector Levesque of a popular book on knowledge representation and reasoning and many scientific papers.

References

External links 
 External biography 

Living people
American artificial intelligence researchers
Knowledge representation
Harvard University alumni
Princeton University School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
Cornell Tech faculty
Fellows of the IEEE
Fellows of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence
Yahoo! employees
1959 births
Presidents of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence
Ames (automobile). The Ames () company, originally established in 1881 by Frederick A. Ames, was a buggy manufacturer and later an American automobile manufacturer in Owensboro, Kentucky, from 1910 to 1925. A beetle-backed "gentleman's roadster" and a five-passenger tourer were the first models offered for sale by the company. The company also produced replacement bodies for the Ford Model T. At its peak, the company produced about 30,000 vehicles. The last model the company made was called the "Kentucky Thoroughbred". In 1922, the company again remade itself, manufacturing furniture under the name F. A. Ames Corporation until 1941, when the company filed for bankruptcy and most of its assets were purchased by the Whitehall Furniture Co. of Owensboro.

Frederick A. Ames died in 1925 at the age of 60. At the time of his death, he was reported to have vast real-estate holdings in Owensboro and Atlanta, Georgia. His widow, the former Mary M. McMannon, died in 1933. Although the Ames had no children of their own, Mary's niece, Marie had been raised in their home as an adopted child, and inherited most of Ames' fortune.

References

Further reading
 Owensboro-Daviess County, KY Museum of Natural Science and History

Brass Era vehicles
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States
Owensboro, Kentucky
1881 establishments in Kentucky
Defunct manufacturing companies based in Kentucky
AMG (automobile). Between 1903 and 1905, the AMG automobile was a Swedish automobile manufactured by the AB Motorfabriken i Göteborg.  

The company had been building stationary engines since 1897; in the first years of the new century they began importing French Richard-Brasier cars.  Swedish production of the marque was considered, but the plans failed.  A new model, using twin-cylinder air-cooled engines bought from the German Fafnir company, was shown in 1903.  These tended to overheat, and as a result they were soon changed to a water-cooled model.  The engines were the only automobile part that were imported; everything else was made in Sweden.  Around 10 cars were built before the company failed in 1905; one was used regularly until 1928.

References

Cars of Sweden