omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
IBM WebSphere. IBM WebSphere refers to a brand of proprietary computer software products in the genre of enterprise software known as "application and integration middleware". These software products are used by end-users to create and integrate applications with other applications. IBM WebSphere has been available to the general market since 1998.

History
In June 1998, IBM introduced the first product in this brand, IBM WebSphere Performance Pack.  this first component formed a part of IBM WebSphere Application Server Network Deployment.

Products

The following products have been produced by IBM within the WebSphere brand:

 IBM WebSphere Application Server - a web application server
 IBM Workload Deployer - a hardware appliance that provides access to IBM middleware virtual images and patterns 
 IBM WebSphere eXtreme Scale - an in-memory data grid for use in high-performance computing
 IBM HTTP Server
 IBM WebSphere Adapters
 IBM Websphere Business Events
 IBM Websphere Edge Components
 IBM Websphere Host On-Demand (HOD)
 IBM WebSphere Message Broker
 Banking Transformation Toolkit
 IBM MQ
 IBM WebSphere Portlet Factory
 IBM WebSphere Process Server
 WebSphere Commerce (sold to HCL Technologies in 2019)
 WebSphere Portal (sold to HCL Technologies in 2019)

References

External links
 

 
Java enterprise platform
WebSphere
Portal software
Service-oriented architecture-related products
ILLIAC III. The ILLIAC III was a fine-grained SIMD pattern recognition computer built by the University of Illinois in 1966.

This ILLIAC's initial task was image processing of bubble chamber experiments used to detect nuclear particles. Later it was used on biological images.

The machine was destroyed in a fire, caused by a Variac shorting on one of the wooden-top benches, in 1968. It was rebuilt in the early 1970s, and the core parallel-processing element of the machine, the Pattern Articulation Unit, was successfully implemented. In spite of this and the productive exploration of other advanced concepts, such as multiple-radix arithmetic, the project was eventually abandoned.

Bruce H. McCormick was the leader of the project throughout its history. John P. Hayes was responsible for the logic design of the input-output channel control units.

See also
 ORDVAC
 ILLIAC I
 ILLIAC II
 ILLIAC IV

References

External links 

 Advanced Computer Architecture I - Dan Hammerstrom (PDF) See page 30.
 SIMD - CS 433 - UC San Diego CS Dept. - Andrew A. Chien (PS) See page 5.

One-of-a-kind computers
SIMD computing
Tornado (sailboat). The Tornado is a double handed multihull class recognised as an International Class by the International Sailing Federation. It was used for the Catamaran discipline at the Olympic Games from 1976 to 2008.

Design

The boat was designed in 1967 by Rodney March from the Isle of Sheppey, England.  At the IYRU Olympic Catamaran Trials for international status, where it defeated other catamarans.

To increase its performance even further, the Tornado was modified in 2001, with a new sail plan which included a spinnaker and spinnaker boom, as well as an increased sail area of the existing sails. An additional trapeze was also added, and the jib was made self tacking.

The Tornado is among the fastest double handed catamarans, with an ISAF Small Catamaran Handicap Rating System rating of 0.934 and a D-PN of 59.0. It is the fastest catamaran in the RYA Portsmouth Yardstick scheme, with a 2015 Portsmouth Number of 634.

Events

Olympics
The Tornado was used as the equipment for the multihull discipline in the Olympic Games from 1976 through 2008, when multihulls were deselected. Please see the individual years for results Olympic Sailing Regatta

World Championships

Open

Mixed

See also
 List of multihulls

References

External links

 International Tornado Association
ISAF Tornado Microsite

 
Classes of World Sailing
Catamarans
Olympic sailing classes
SimPy. SimPy stands for “Simulation in Python”, is a process-based discrete-event simulation framework based on standard Python. It enables users to model active components such as customers, vehicles, or agents as simple Python generator functions. SimPy is released as open source software under the MIT License. The first version was released in December 2002.

Overview 
Its event dispatcher is based on Python's generators and can be used for asynchronous networking or to implement multi-agent systems (with both, simulated and real communication). Simulations can be performed “as fast as possible”, in real time (wall clock time) or by manually stepping through the events. Though it is theoretically possible to do continuous simulations with SimPy, it lacks features to support them. However, for simulations with a fixed step size where processes don't interact with each other or with shared resources, a simple while loop is sufficient.

Additionally, SimPy provides different types of shared resources to simulate congestion points that have limited capacity, such as servers, checkout counters, and tunnels. In version 3.1 and above, SimPy offers monitoring capabilities to assist in collecting statistics about processes and resources.

SimPy 3.0 requires Python 3., while SimPy 4.0 requires Python 3.6+. SimPy distribution contains tutorials, documentation, and examples.

Example 

The following is a SimPy simulation  showing a clock process that prints the current simulation time at each step:
>>> import simpy
>>>
>>> def clock(env, name, tick):
...     while True:
...         print(name, env.now)
...         yield env.timeout(tick)
...
>>> env = simpy.Environment()
>>> env.process(clock(env, 'fast', 0.5))
<Process(clock) object at 0x...>
>>> env.process(clock(env, 'slow', 1))
<Process(clock) object at 0x...>
>>> env.run(until=2)
fast 0
slow 0 
fast 0.5 
slow 1 
fast 1.0 
fast 1.5

References

Cross-platform software
Free science software
Python (programming language) libraries
Simulation programming languages
Articles with example Python (programming language) code
Shuttle. The original meaning of the word shuttle is the device used in weaving to carry the weft. By reference to the continual to-and-fro motion associated with that, the term was then applied in transportation and then in other spheres. Thus the word may now also refer to:

Transport

Air transport
 Air shuttle, a type of flight which quickly connects nearby destinations
 Delta Shuttle, the brand name for Delta Air Lines' air shuttle service
 Rossi Shuttle Quik, an Italian ultralight trike design 
 Shuttle America, a regional airline based in Indianapolis, Indiana
 Shuttle by United, a regional airline operated as a subsidiary of United Airlines
 Shuttle Carrier Aircraft, modified Boeing 747 airliners used to transport Space Shuttle orbiters
 US Airways Shuttle, the brand name for an hourly service offered by US Airways
 The call sign for domestic (UK internal) British Airways flights - international flights use Speedbird

Land transport

Automotive brands
 Fit Shuttle, the station wagon version of Honda Fit
Honda Shuttle, the first generation Honda Odyssey

Mass transit
Transport systems operating at frequent intervals on a short, (mostly) non-stop route between two places
Shuttle bus service
Shuttle train service
Car shuttle train
 LeShuttle, the car-carrying trains used in the Channel Tunnel
 S (New York City Subway service), three shuttle train routes
42nd Street Shuttle, shuttle train between Grand Central and Port Authority
Franklin Avenue Shuttle
Rockaway Park Shuttle
 Amtrak Hartford Line, formerly named the New Haven–Springfield Shuttle
 Shuttle van, a New Zealand term for shared taxis

Spacecraft
 Shuttle (spacecraft type), a smaller spacecraft used for ship-to-ship and ship-to-ground transport in theory and science fiction
 Space Shuttle, the vehicle for the NASA Space Shuttle program from 1981 to 2011
 Space Shuttle orbiter, a space plane, the crewed part of the Space Shuttle
 Buran Shuttle, the vehicle for the Soviet Buran programme

Arts, entertainment, and media 
 Shuttle (film), a 2008 thriller film
 Shuttle (video game), a video game produced by Virgin
 Shuttling (patience term), a method of play in patience and solitaire games

Sciences and technology 
 Molecular shuttles, a molecule capable of nano scale transportation
 Multi-project wafer service (|MPW) shuttle, an integrated circuit production run for multi-chip or multi-project wafers
 Shuttle bombing, a World War II strategic bombing tactic
 Shuttle diplomacy, an international relations tactic
 Shuttle vector, vector that shuttles between species, biochemistry, genetics

Sports
 20-yard shuttle, a test performed by American football players
 Shuttlecock or birdie, the object batted back and forth in badminton

Other uses
 Shuttle (weaving), used by weavers at a textile mill or on a loom
 Shuttle Inc., a manufacturer of small form-factor computers
 Shuttle trading, a form of goods distribution
 River Shuttle, a river of southeast London in England
 , a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1918 to 1919
 Shuttle, school bullying in South Korea

See also
 The Shuttle (disambiguation)
Nanocrystalline silicon. Nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si), sometimes also known as microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si), is a form of porous silicon. It is an allotropic form of silicon with paracrystalline structure—is similar to amorphous silicon (a-Si), in that it has an amorphous phase. Where they differ, however, is that nc-Si has small grains of crystalline silicon within the amorphous phase. This is in contrast to polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) which consists solely of crystalline silicon grains, separated by grain boundaries. The difference comes solely from the grain size of the crystalline grains. Most materials with grains in the micrometre range are actually fine-grained polysilicon, so nanocrystalline silicon is a better term. The term Nanocrystalline silicon refers to a range of materials around the transition region from amorphous to microcrystalline phase in the silicon thin film. The crystalline volume fraction (as measured from Raman spectroscopy) is another criterion to describe the materials in this transition zone.

nc-Si has many useful advantages over a-Si, one being that if grown properly it can have a higher electron mobility, due to the presence of the silicon crystallites. It also shows increased absorption in the red and infrared wavelengths, which make it an important material for use in a-Si solar cells. One of the most important advantages of nanocrystalline silicon, however, is that it has increased stability over a-Si, one of the reasons being because of its lower hydrogen concentration. Although it currently cannot attain the mobility that poly-Si can, it has the advantage over poly-Si that it is easier to fabricate, as it can be deposited using conventional low temperature a-Si deposition techniques, such as PECVD, as opposed to laser annealing or high temperature CVD processes, in the case of poly-Si.

Uses
The main application of this novel material is in the field of silicon thin film solar cells. As nc-Si has about the same bandgap as crystalline silicon, which is ~1.12 eV, it can be combined in thin layers with a-Si, creating a layered, multi-junction cell called a tandem cell. The top cell in a-Si absorbs the visible light and leaves the infrared part of the spectrum for the bottom cell in nanocrystalline Si.

A few companies are on the verge of commercializing silicon inks based on nanocrystalline silicon or on other silicon compounds. The semiconductor industry is also investigating the potential for nanocrystalline silicon, especially in the memory area.

Thin-film silicon
Nanocrystalline silicon and small-grained polycrystalline silicon are considered thin-film silicon.

See also

Amorphous silicon
Conductive ink
Nanoparticle
Printed electronics
Protocrystalline
Quantum dot

References

External links
Thin-film silicon solar cells.

Allotropes of silicon
Silicon solar cells
Silicon, Nanocrystalline
Thin-film cells
Nanomaterials
Ecophagy. Ecophagy is a term coined by Robert Freitas that means the consumption of an ecosystem. It derives .

Freitas used the term to describe a scenario involving molecular nanotechnology gone awry. In this situation (called the grey goo scenario) out-of-control self-replicating nanorobots consume entire ecosystems, resulting in global ecophagy.

However, the word "ecophagy" is now applied more generally in reference to any event—nuclear war, the spread of monoculture, massive species extinctions—that might fundamentally alter the planet. Scholars suggest that these events might result in ecocide in that they would undermine the capacity of the Earth's biological population to repair itself. Others suggest that more mundane and less spectacular events—the unrelenting growth of the human population, the steady transformation of the natural world by human beings—will eventually result in a planet that is considerably less vibrant, and one that is, apart from humans, essentially lifeless. These people believe that the current human trajectory puts us on a path that will eventually lead to ecophagy.
In the paper in which Freitas coined the term he wrote:

Perhaps the earliest-recognized and best-known danger of molecular nanotechnology is the risk that self-replicating nanorobots capable of functioning autonomously in the natural environment could quickly convert that natural environment (e.g., "biomass") into replicas of themselves (e.g., "nanomass") on a global basis, a scenario usually referred to as the "grey goo problem" but perhaps more properly termed "global ecophagy".

See also

 Ecocide
 Grey goo
 Molecular assembler

References

 Philip Ball, The Robot Within , New Scientist, 15 March 2003.

External links
 Some Limits to Global Ecophagy by Biovorous Nanoreplicators, with Public Policy Recommendations
 critical review of the Freitas article in biosafety group
 Green Goo - Life In The Era Of Humane Genocide by Nick Szabo
 Human Global Ecophagy (Or, How Quickly Can Humans Consume the Earth?)
 "Intentional Ecophagy" references
 "Nanotechnology Daily News"

Environmental ethics
Environmental disasters
2000 neologisms
Collagraphy. Collagraphy (sometimes spelled collography) is a printmaking process in which materials are glued or sealed to a rigid substrate (such as paperboard or wood) to create a plate. Once inked, the plate becomes a tool for imprinting the design onto paper or another medium. The resulting print is termed a collagraph. The term "collagraph" was coined by Glen Alps in the 1950s, and is derived from the Greek word koll or kolla, meaning glue, and graph, meaning the activity of drawing.

Artists use a variety of materials in collagraphy, including yarn, fabric, tape, different varieties of cut paper or card, leaves, and acrylic mediums. The application of ink onto the collagraph plate is versatile, consisting of intaglio-inking into recesses, brayer or paintbrush inking onto relief surfaces, or a combination of these methods. A print can be made with or without use of a press.

See also
Carborundum printmaking

References

Further reading 

 
 
 
 
 

Printmaking
Relief printing. Relief printing is a family of printing methods where a printing block, plate or matrix, which has had ink applied to its non-recessed surface, is brought into contact with paper. The non-recessed surface will leave ink on the paper, whereas the recessed areas will not. A printing press may not be needed, as the back of the paper can be rubbed or pressed by hand with a simple tool such as a brayer or roller. In contrast, in intaglio printing, the recessed areas are printed.

Relief printing is one of the traditional families of printmaking techniques, along with the intaglio and planographic families, though modern developments have created others.

The relief family of techniques 
In the relief family of printing, the matrix was historically made subtractively, by removing material from the surface of areas not intended to be printed. The remaining surface would then receive ink. The relief family of techniques includes woodcut, metalcut, wood engraving, relief etching, linocut, rubber stamp, foam printing, potato printing, and some types of collagraph.

By contrast, in the intaglio family of printing, the recessed areas are printed by inking the whole matrix, then wiping the surface so that only ink in the recessed areas remain. Much greater pressure is then needed to force the paper into the channels containing the ink, so a high-pressure press is normally needed. Intaglio techniques include engraving, etching, and drypoint.

In the planographic family of printing, the entire surface of the matrix is flat, and some areas are treated to create the print image. Planographic techniques include lithography and offset lithography.

Mix relief and intaglio techniques 
Normally, relief and intaglio techniques can only be mixed with others of the same family in the same printed page, unless the page is printed twice.

Movable type: traditional relief printing for text 
Traditional text printing with movable type is also a relief technique. This meant that woodcuts were much easier to use as book illustrations, as they could be printed together with the text. Intaglio illustrations, such as engravings, had to be printed separately.

The first relief-printed publication in the US, the multi-page newspaper Publick Occurrences Both Forreign and Domestick, was published on September 25, 1690.

See also 
 List of art media
 List of art techniques
 Viscosity printing

References

External links
Prints & People: A Social History of Printed Pictures, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on relief printing
Types of Relief Printing Descriptions of woodcuts, engravings, linoleum cuts, and monotype relief printing.
See also Relief printing techniques as used and described by French printmaker Dominique Lecomte

 
Printing processes

no:Høytrykk
nn:Høgtrykk
Yo-yo problem. In software development, the yo-yo problem is an anti-pattern that occurs when a programmer has to read and understand a program whose inheritance graph is so long and complicated that the programmer has to keep flipping between many different class definitions in order to follow the control flow of the program.  It is most often seen in the context of object-oriented programming. The term comes from comparing the bouncing attention of the programmer to the up-down movement of a toy yo-yo. Taenzer, Ganti, and Podar described the problem by name, explaining: "Often we get the feeling of riding a yoyo when we try to understand one of these message trees." 

Most practices of object-oriented programming recommend keeping the inheritance graph as shallow as possible, in part to avoid this problem. The use of composition instead of inheritance is also strongly preferred, although this still requires that a programmer keep multiple class definitions in mind at once.

Deep hierarchies are a code smell and a symptom of sub-classification for code reuse.

More generally, the yo-yo problem can also refer to any situation where a person must keep flipping between different sources of information in order to understand a concept.

There are several code refactor techniques to flatten these hierarchies without compromising the overall behavior.

Object-oriented design techniques such as documenting layers of the inheritance hierarchy can reduce the effect of this problem, as they collect in one place the information that the programmer is required to understand.

See also

Complexity What it means for a system (of any sort) to be complex
Hrair limit The suggestion that humans can entertain at most approximately seven concepts at once
Implementation inheritance
Inheritance semantics
Virtual inheritance (object-oriented programming)
Code smell

References

Object-oriented programming

Anti-patterns
Master-checker. Master-checker or master/checker is a hardware-supported fault tolerance architecture for multiprocessor systems, in which two processors, referred to as the master and checker, calculate the same functions in parallel in order to increase the probability that the result is exact. The checker CPU is synchronised at clock level with the master CPU and processes the same programs as the master. Whenever the master CPU generates an output, the checker CPU compares this output to its own calculation and in the event of a difference raises a warning.

The master-checker system generally gives more accurate answers by ensuring that the answer is correct before passing it on to the application requesting the algorithm being completed. It also allows for error handling if the results are inconsistent. A recurrence of discrepancies between the two processors could indicate a flaw in the software, hardware problems, or timing issues between the clock, CPUs, and/or system memory. However, such redundant processing wastes time and energy. If the master-CPU is correct 95% or more of the time, the power and time used by the checker-CPU to verify answers is wasted. Depending on the merit of a correct answer, a checker-CPU may or may not be warranted. In order to alleviate some of the cost in these situations, the checker-CPU may be used to calculate something else in the same algorithm, increasing the speed and processing output of the CPU system.

References

Fault-tolerant computer systems
Parallel computing
ASX (disambiguation). ASX is the Australian Securities Exchange.

ASX may also refer to:
 Advanced Stream Redirector, a type of XML metafile
 Armstrong Siddeley ASX, a jet engine
 ASE Group's NYSE stock symbol
 Mitsubishi ASX, a sport utility vehicle
 John F. Kennedy Memorial Airport's IATA airport code

See also
 Asx motif, a commonly occurring feature in proteins and polypeptides
 Asx turn, a structural feature in proteins and polypeptides
 Asymptomatic
Maturity. Maturity or immaturity may refer to:

 Adulthood or age of majority
 Maturity model
 Capability Maturity Model, in software engineering, a model representing the degree of formality and optimization of processes in an organization
 Developmental age, the age of an embryo as measured from the point of fertilization
 Mature technology, a technology has been in use and development for long enough that most of its initial problems have been overcome
 Maturity (finance), indicating the final date for payment of principal and interest
 Maturity (geology), rock, source rock, and hydrocarbon generation
 Maturity (psychological), the attainment of one's final level of psychological functioning and the integration of their personality into an organized whole
 Maturity (sedimentology), the proximity of a sedimentary deposit from its source
 Sexual maturity, the stage when an organism can reproduce, though this is distinct from adulthood

See also
 Evolution
 Maturation (disambiguation)
 Mature (disambiguation)