omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
AGO C.VII. The AGO C.VII was a prototype German reconnaissance aircraft of World War I.

Design
In the C.VII, AGO attempted to improve upon its C.IV design by revising the wing bracing. The vertical fin and rudder were similar to that seen on the AGO C.V and AGO C.VI.

Operational history
After the end of World War I, the sole C.VII prototype was sold the Estonian Air Force.

Operators
 Estonian Air Force

Specifications
 Powerplant: one 200 hp Benz Bz.IV inline engine

References

 

C.VII
AGO C.07
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1916
AGO C.VIII. The AGO C.VIII was a German reconnaissance aircraft built by AGO Flugzeugwerke during World War I.

Design
The C.VIII was a derivative of the AGO C.IV with a Mercedes D.IVa. Only a single prototype was built.

Specifications

References

Bibliography

 

AGO C.08
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1917
C.VIII
AGO DV.3. 

The DV.3 was a prototype fighter aircraft built and tested by AGO in 1915. It was a two-bay biplane of conventional configuration with a neatly cowled engine. Development was delayed by AGO's commitment to building reconnaissance aircraft, and when the DV.3 flew, its performance was found to be far lower than predicted and all further development work was abandoned. Nevertheless, 3 were built and ultimately purchased by the German Navy under serials S.56-S.58 for their land-based air service.

S 56 (Fabrik Nr. 140) with 100 HP Gnome motor (Nr. 3230). It was accepted by the Navy on 01.12.1914 and used at Johannisthal until 02/1915.
On 11.02.1915, the airplane crashed from a height of 80 meters on the ground at Adlershof. The plane was totally destroyed. and the pilot was badly wounded.

S 57 (Fabrik Nr. 80) with 100 HP Gnome motor (Nr. 3295). It was accepted by the navy on 10.12.1914 and used at Johannisthal until 13.03.1915 when it was sent back to AGO for modification. On 27.05.1915 it was sent to LFS Wilhelmshaven. There it was in use until 09/1915. Its ultimate fate is unknown.

S 58 (Fabrik Nr. 125) was accepted by the navy on 23.09.1915 and used at Johannisthal. No further data available.

Specifications

References

1910s German fighter aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1915
DV.3
Oberursel U.I. 

The Oberursel U.I was an early German aircraft engine that powered many German fighter aircraft in the first part of World War I. It was a 9-cylinder air-cooled rotary engine, a licence-built copy of the Gnome Delta that Oberursel was producing under licence before the war. It produced 75 kW (100 hp).

Applications
 AGO DV.3
 Euler D.I
 Euler D.II
 Feiro Dongó
 Fokker D.II
 Fokker D.V
 Fokker E.II
 Fokker E.III
 Gotha LD 5
 Pfalz A.II
 Pfalz E.II
 Pfalz E.III
 Pfalz E.VI
 Siemens-Schuckert E.III

Specifications

References

1910s aircraft piston engines
Rotary aircraft piston engines
TrackIR. TrackIR, created by NaturalPoint Inc., is an optical motion tracking controller for Microsoft Windows.

It tracks head motions with up to six degrees of freedom (6DOF) which allows for handsfree view control. Head position and orientation are measured by a purpose-built video camera, mounted on top of the user's monitor, that observes infrared (IR) light reflected or emitted by markers on a rigid model worn by the user. 

The camera and tracking sensitivity adjustments are controlled by TrackIR, head movements can be scaled while the user is still looking at the monitor allowing a virtual movement of 180 degrees to occur.

History

TrackIR was initially designed as an assistive technology device for the Windows cursor control.

Between 2002 and the year 2005, five TrackIR camera models were released, bringing more features such as doubled frame rate and increased resolution.

TrackIR interface with games

The proprietary TrackIR interface has become commonplace for view control in PC games and simulations and is only intended for use with TrackIR products.

As more developers and games added support for the TrackIR, developers were successful in reverse engineering the proprietary interface allowing non-TrackIR devices to be used for view control, including generic webcams. This issue was resolved in October 2008, when the interface began encrypting the data stream sent to some new titles, rendering non-supported devices incompatible with these new game titles. However, due to the fact that older TrackIR-1 and TrackIR-2 products use software drivers which are no longer maintained, they are also incompatible with titles using the newer interface.

Criticisms

TrackIR 4 Pro 

Some reviewers found the TrackIR 4 Pro with a TrackClip PRO bundle to be expensive at the $200–$220 prices, while still considering it a worthwhile purchase for a serious simulation users.  of June, 2009 the bundle is now available for $120. Additionally, one review noted that the TrackIR 4 Pro runs at a temperature which they consider more higher than normal when it is actively tracking.

TrackClip PRO

Some reviewers found the TrackClip PRO to be brittle, and one critic was disappointed that it was unable to be positioned on the right side of the head while still recommending the TrackClip PRO product.

See also
FreeTrack, is an open-source and free head-tracking software which users can build their tracking hardware with webcams and infrared LEDs cheaply. Freetrack is no longer maintained.
 FaceTrackNoIR, is an open-source and free head-tracking software which only requires a webcam and no infrared LEDs.
 OpenTrack, is an active open-source project combining many features of the products FreeTrack and FaceTrackNoIR. It Input sources and includes facial recognition, IR point tracking, paper marker tracking, and more.

References

External links
 NaturalPoint Inc. official website
 opentrack software project website

Game controllers
Mixed reality
Tracking
Agusta A.115. The Agusta A.115 (registration I-AGUC) was a prototype helicopter flown in 1961 in Italy. It was essentially a Bell 47J-3 with an unclad, tubular tail boom, and powered by a Turbomeca Astazou II turboshaft engine. No production ensued.

Specifications

See also

References

 
 
 

Agusta aircraft
1970s Italian civil utility aircraft
1960s Italian helicopters
Aircraft first flown in 1961
Single-turbine helicopters
Single-rotor helicopters
Aircraft with skid landing gear
Runaway electrons. The term runaway electrons (RE) is used to denote electrons that undergo free fall acceleration into the realm of relativistic particles. REs may be classified as thermal (lower energy) or relativistic. The study of runaway electrons is thought to be fundamental to our understanding of High-Energy Atmospheric Physics. They are also seen in tokamak fusion devices, where they can damage the reactors.

Lightning
Runaway electrons are the core element of the runaway breakdown based theory of lightning propagation. Since C.T.R. Wilson's work in 1925, research has been conducted to study the possibility of runaway electrons, cosmic ray based or otherwise, initiating the processes required to generate lightning.

Extraterrestrial Occurrence
Electron runaway based lightning may be occurring on the four giant planets in addition to Earth. Simulated studies predict runaway breakdown processes are likely to occur on these gaseous planets far more easily on earth, as the threshold for runaway breakdown to begin is far smaller.

High Energy Plasma
The runaway electron phenomenon has been observed in high energy plasmas. They can pose a threat to machines and experiments in which these plasmas exist, including ITER. Several studies exist examining the properties of runaway electrons in these environments (tokamak), searching to better suppress the detrimental effects of these unwanted runaway electrons. Recent measurements reveal higher-than-expected impurity ion diffusion in runaway electron plateaus, possibly due to turbulence. The choice between low and high atomic number (Z) gas injections for disruption mitigation techniques requires a better understanding of the impurity ion transport, as these ions may not completely mix at impact, affecting the prevention of runaway electron wall damage in large tokamak concepts, like ITER.

Computer and Numerical Simulations
This highly complex phenomenon has proved difficult to model with traditional systems, but has been modelled in part with the world's most powerful supercomputer.
In addition, aspects of electron runaway have been simulated using the popular particle physics modelling module Geant4.

Space Based Experiments
 TARANIS (CNES)
 ASIM (ESA)

References

Particle physics
Magnetic confinement fusion
General Electric T58. The General Electric T58 is an American turboshaft engine developed for helicopter use. First run in 1955, it remained in production until 1984, by which time some 6,300 units had been built. On July 1, 1959, it became the first turbine engine to gain FAA certification for civil helicopter use. The engine was license-built and further developed by de Havilland in the UK as the Gnome, in the West Germany by Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz, and also manufactured by Alfa Romeo and the IHI Corporation.

Design and development
Development commenced with a 1953 US Navy requirement for a helicopter turboshaft to weigh under 400 lb (180 kg) while delivering 800 hp (600 kW). The engine General Electric eventually built weighed only 250 lb (110 kg) and delivered 1,050 hp (780 kW) and was soon ordered into production. First flight was on a modified Sikorsky HSS-1 in 1957, and civil certification for the CT58-100 variant was obtained two years later.

A number of unusual features are incorporated into the T58:

an all-axial compressor. Most other turboshafts in this power bracket have a  centrifugal unit as a final compressor stage. As a result, the blades at the rear of the compressor are very small (less than 0.5in high) and extremely thin.
compressor handling at part speed is facilitated by several rows of variable pitch stators at the front part of the unit. This was a fairly novel feature when the engine was first introduced.
a single stage power turbine. which delivers power to the rear of the engine. The hot exhaust stream is diverted sideways, away from the output shaft.
the combustor is a straight-through annular design, rather than reverse flow.

The main production version of the engine was the T58-GE-10, developing 1,400 hp (1,044 kW).  The most powerful version, the T58-GE-16, produces 1,870 hp (1,390 kW).

Variants

T58-GE-1
T58-GE-2
T58-GE-3 
T58-GE-4
T58-GE-5 
T58-GE-6
T58-GE-8B
T58-GE-8E
T58-GE-8F
T58-GE-10
T58-GE-14 2-stage power turbine
T58-GE-16
T58-GE-100 
T58-GE-402
CT58-100-1
CT58-110-1
CT58-140-1 commercial T58-GE-10
Ishikawajima-Harima CT58-IHI-110-1
Ishikawajima-Harima CT58-IHI-140-1
Ishikawajima-Harima T58-IHI-8B BLCFor Shin Meiwa PS-1 BLC system
Rolls-Royce GnomeLicensed production and development of the T58 in the United Kingdom.

Applications

Other
Two T58s, converted to turbojets by the removal of the power turbines, were used as the engines on the Maverick TwinJet 1200.

The Carroll Shelby turbine cars entered in the 1968 Indianapolis 500 race were powered by T58s. The cars were found to be using variable inlets to get around the USAC regulations on the maximum allowable inlet size and were disqualified.

Engines on display
 There is a YT58-GE-2A cutaway on display at the New England Air Museum, Bradley International Airport, Windsor Locks, CT

Specifications (T58-GE-8)

See also

References

 
 GE Aviation T58 page  and T58 history page

External links
Minijets website

T58
1950s turboshaft engines
Agusta GA.70. The Agusta GA.70 was a four-cylinder, air-cooled, horizontally opposed engine developed in Italy for light aircraft and helicopter use. The GA.70/V featured a bottom sump for vertical applications and was rated at . It was produced in the 1950s and 1960s.

Variants
GA.70/0Horizontal mounting for light aircraft.
GA.70/VVertical mounting for helicopters.

Applications
 Agusta A.103
 Bölkow Bo 103
 de Bernardi M.d.B. 02 Aeroscooter
 Phoenix Minor
 Phoenix Major

Specifications (GA.70)

Notes

References

 Erickson, Jack. Horizontally-Opposed Piston Aero Engines

1950s aircraft piston engines
Boxer engines
Agusta aircraft engines
Robotics suite. A robotics suite is a visual environment for robot control and simulation. They are typically an end-to-end platform for robotics development and include tools for visual programming and creating and debugging robot applications. Developers can often interact with robots through web-based or visual interfaces.

One objective of a robotics suite is to support a variety of different robot platforms through a common programming interface. The key point about a robotics suite is that the same code will run either with a simulated robot or the corresponding real robot without modification.

Some robotic suites are based in free software, free hardware and both free software and hardware.

Suites
 Fedora Robotics

See also
 AnyKode Marilou  
 ArduPilot 
 Debian Science
 Evolution Robotics
 Lego Mindstorms
 Microsoft Robotics Studio
 Player Project (formerly the Player/Stage Project or Player/Stage/Gazebo Project)
 Robot software
 Robot Operating System
 Simbad robot simulator
 URBI
 Webots

References

Robotics suites
Hydrometry. Hydrometry is the monitoring of the components of the hydrological cycle including rainfall, groundwater characteristics, as well as water quality and flow characteristics of surface waters.  The etymology of the term hydrometry is from  () 'water' +  () 'measure'.

Hydrometrics is a topic in applied science and engineering dealing with Hydrometry. It is an engineering discipline encompassing several different areas. This discipline is primarily related to hydrology but specializing in the measurement of components of the hydrological cycle particularly the bulk quantification of water resources. It encompasses several areas of traditional engineering practices including hydrology, structures, control systems, computer sciences, data management and communications. The International Organization for Standardization formally defines hydrometry as "science of the measurement of water including the methods, techniques and instrumentation used".

See also

https://hydro-metrics.com/

References

Hydrology
M. Dayne Aldridge. M. Dayne Aldridge, Sc.D., P.E. is the former Dean of the School of Engineering at Mercer University.  Aldridge served as dean from 1999 to June 30, 2008.  He was formerly the associate dean for cross-disciplinary programs in the College of Engineering at Auburn University and served as director of the Thomas Walter Center for Technology Management.  He is a fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and has served as the president of the IEEE Industry Applications Society.  He graduated from West Virginia University in 1963 and received his masters' and doctorate in Electrical Engineering from the University of Virginia in 1965 and 1968.

References

External links 
 Mercer University Website
 Mercer University School of Engineering Website
 ASEE Engineering Magazine

Mercer University faculty
Year of birth missing (living people)
Auburn University faculty
West Virginia University alumni
University of Virginia School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
IEC 61030. D²B (Domestic Digital Bus, IEC 61030) is an IEC standard for a low-speed multi-master serial communication bus for home automation applications. It was originally developed by Philips in the 1980s. In 2006 it has been withdrawn by IEC because another standard was proposed, JTC1 SC 83/WG1. There remain many IEC61030-compliant devices, such as some Philips-branded head units and CD changers from car stereos.

The SCART connector provides a D²B connection for inter-device communication.

See also 
 I²C
 ISO/IEC JTC 1

References

External links 
 ANSI eStandards bookstore page for IEC 61030
 

Home automation
Winkle Brig. The Winkle Brig is a  gaff rig pocket cruiser built between 1985 and 2002. Approximately 122 were built before production ceased.

Designer: Eric Bergqvist

Builders: Ferry Boatyard, Cheshire, England

Length on deck: 
Length overall: 
Waterline length: 
Beam: 
Draught: 1 ft 2in / 2 ft 6in (twin retractable bilge boards)
Displacement: 650 kg
Sails:
Main      
Jib        
Topsail

See also
Gaff rig

External links
Home page and discussion forum
Archival news articles and press clippings

Sailing ships
Allothetic. Allothetic means being centred in people or places other than oneself. It has been defined as a process of "determining and maintaining a course or trajectory from one place to another. It can be used as a navigational strategy among animals to aid in their survival. It can also be a source of information for machines, particularly those biologically-inspired models and is provided by a set of laser rangefinders, sonars, or vision.

Allothetic is used in navigation models (e.g., of a rat in a maze) as in the phrase "allothetic map" to indicate that a global map, not orientated or centred on the subject was used, rather than idiothetic, which means a navigation system centred on the subject. Directional information may be sourced from familiar reference points such as the sun, stars, or the Earth's magnetic field. Allothetic cues are often employed with idiothetic information to achieve spatial behavior. Their characteristics are complementary such as the way the latter can help address the allothetic information's perceptual aliasing problem, which prevents an animal or a robot from distinguishing two places from each other.

Animal navigation 
Animals can obtain the so-called pure allothetic navigation once they become familiar with fixed objects at specific locations. Relationships among these objects, particularly permanent and semi-permanent objects, are also critical in guiding the animals' movements. These objects need to be asymmetrical otherwise they will not contain identifiable information about direction. Allothetic navigation in rats uses external cues such as visual, auditory, or olfactory information to help them in foraging resources or for protection against predators.

Robot navigation
Robot navigation relies on allothetic, and idiothetic information to determine the robot's position in its environment.

See also
Navigation research
Allocentrism

References

Psychological adjustment
Player Project. The Player Project (formerly Player/Stage Project) creates free and open-source software for research into robotics and sensor systems. Its components include the Player network server and the Stage platform robotics simulators. Although accurate statistics are hard to obtain, Player is one of the most popular open-source robot interfaces in research and post-secondary education.

Overview
The Player Project is an umbrella under which two robotics-related software projects are currently developed. These include the Player networked robotics server, and the Stage 2D robot simulation environment. The project was founded in 2000 by Brian Gerkey, Richard Vaughan and Andrew Howard at the University of Southern California at Los Angeles, and is widely used in robotics research and education. It releases its software under the GNU General Public License with documentation under the GNU Free Documentation License.

The Player is set of application programming interfaces (APIs, e.g., position2d, bumper, ir, speech, power) that can be implemented by a robot chassis (Roomba, Khephera, etc.), or over serial line or network, or by Stage (2D simulator) or Gazebo (3D simulator).

Gazebo 

The Gazebo 3D robot simulator was a component in the Player Project from 2004 through 2011. Gazebo integrated the Open Dynamics Engine (ODE) physics engine, OpenGL rendering, and support code for sensor simulation and actuator control. In 2011, Gazebo became an independent project support by Willow Garage.

Supported robots 
 Acroname's Garcia
 Botrics's Obot d100
 CoroWare Inc. Corobot and Explorer
 Evolution Robotics' ER1 and ERSDK robots
 iRobot's Roomba vacuuming robot
 K-Team's Robotics Extension Board (REB) attached to Kameleon 376BC
 K-Team's Khephera
 MobileRobots' (formerly ActivMedia) PSOS/P2OS/AROS-based robots
 Nomadics' NOMAD200 (and possibly related) mobile robots
 RWI/iRobot's RFLEX-based robots (e.g., B21r, ATRV Jr)
 Segway's Robotic Mobility Platform (RMP)
 UPenn GRASP's Clodbuster
 Videre Design's ERRATIC mobile robot platform
 White Box Robotics' 914 PC-BOT

See also 

 Simbad robot simulator
 Microsoft Robotics Studio
 Webots
 URBI
 Turtle (robot)
 Mobile Robot Programming Toolkit
 Robot Operating System (ROS)

References

Free software projects
Robotics simulation software
2000 software
2000 in robotics
Domestic Digital Bus (automotive). Domestic Digital Bus, D2B, is an isochronous ring-based fibre-optic communications technology, with a bandwidth of 12 Mbit/s, specified by the Optical Chip Consortium for use in automotive applications. As of 2007, D2B is used by Mercedes-Benz in their vehicles.

External links 
 Official IEC Standard
 Mercedes-Benz technical overview of D2B
 D2B equipment manufacturer's technical overview of D2B
 Overview of this and similar technologies in The Engineer magazine

Automotive electronics
Brief (text editor). Brief (stylized BRIEF or B.R.I.E.F., a backronym for Basic Reconfigurable Interactive Editing Facility), is a once-popular programmer's text editor in the 1980s and early 1990s. It was originally released for MS-DOS, then IBM OS/2 and Microsoft Windows. The Brief interface and functionality live on, including via the SourceForge GRIEF editor.

History
Brief was designed and developed by UnderWare Inc, a company founded in Providence, Rhode Island by David Nanian and Michael Strickman, and was published by Solution Systems. UnderWare moved to Boston, Massachusetts in 1985. Solution Systems released version 2.1 in 1988.

In 1990, UnderWare sold Brief to Solution Systems, which released version 3.1. 
 
Solution Systems advertised the $195 Brief as a "Program Editing Breakthrough! / Get 20% More Done". In 1990 Solutions Systems brought in Eric Perkins as technical architect and team lead to port the OS/2 version of Brief to the Windows platform as quickly as possible. The end result was to sell the Solution System assets to the highest bidder. Within 6 months, the team of Eric Perkins, Blake Nelson and Jeff Simpson worked closely with David Nanian and Mike Strickman and ported Brief OS/2 to Windows using an MVC architecture. It was this version that was demonstrated at Spring Comdex 1991 to Borland and others, with Borland later purchasing Brief and the full suite of software tools from Solutions Systems.

Solution Systems closed permanently after the sale to Borland. Brief is no longer sold by Borland.

Features
The original product features contain:

Brief for Windows features
 All the features of Brief for DOS and OS/2
 The first programmer's editor to make use of the Windows WYSIWYG environment
 Color coding of language constructs
 Multitask within Windows environment
 Full use of Windows memory for caching all files and macros
 Ability to spawn off compiles to a DOS box without leaving the editor

Popularity
Both the Brief interface and its functionality had a following, and they live on via SourceForge's GRIEF.

Clones
Some Vim and Emacs packages provide Brief functionality.  There was more than one program written to provide Brief-like functionality:

Emulators
The Brief keyboard layout became popular and was implemented in or emulated by other editors, such as Lugaru Epsilon, by providing a remapping of the keyboard shortcuts and editor behavior; dBase, an early DOS-day database, also copied this keyboard mapping.

References

External links
 TextEditors Wiki: BriefFamily

Windows text editors
Borland software
DOS text editors