omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Small Is Profitable. Small Is Profitable: The Hidden Economic Benefits of Making Electrical Resources the Right Size is a 2002 book by energy analyst Amory Lovins and others.  The book describes 207 ways in which the size of "electrical resources"—devices that make, save, or store electricity—affects their economic value. It finds that properly accounting for the economic benefits of "distributed" (decentralized) electrical resources typically raises their value by a large factor, perhaps tenfold, through improved system planning, utility construction and operation (especially off the grid), and service quality, and by avoiding social costs.  This should change how distributed resources are marketed and used, and make policy and business opportunities explicit.

Small Is Profitable was named 'Book of the Year' by The Economist magazine.

See also
Brittle Power
Soft energy technology
List of books by Amory Lovins
Small business
V2G

References

Environmental non-fiction books
2002 non-fiction books
2002 in the environment
Books by Amory Lovins
Books about energy issues
Shizuoka Institute of Science and Technology. , or SIST, is a private university in Fukuroi, Shizuoka, Japan.

The predecessor of the school was founded in 1940 as a driving school. It was chartered as a university in 1991, specializing in mechanical engineering, electrical engineering and computer technology. The university has approximately 1500 students in two faculties: the Faculty of Science and Technology and the Faculty of Comprehensive Informatics.

The university has reciprocal relationships with Daegu University in South Korea and Zhejiang Gongshang University in China.

External links
 Official website

Universities and colleges established in 1940
Private universities and colleges in Japan
Universities and colleges in Shizuoka Prefecture
Engineering universities and colleges in Japan
Fukuroi, Shizuoka
1940 establishments in Japan
Meehanite. Meehanite is a trademark for an engineering process to make a range of cast irons produced under specific and carefully controlled conditions to precise internationally recognized specifications.  According to the Meehanite Worldwide company, when correctly followed the Meehanite process will produce cast iron with uniform soundness, consistent physical and mechanical properties and dependable performance in service.

When a foundry advertises that it produces "Meehanite" it means that the foundry is licensed by Meehanite Metal Corporation to produce the family of Meehanite irons.  The licensing agreement means, according to Meehanite, not only that the foundry is qualified but also that the licensed foundry is certified by audit to meet the required process standards.

The Trademark name is owned by Meehanite Worldwide.  Meehanite Worldwide has five franchises: The Meehanite Metal Corp located in Mequon, Wisconsin; The International Meehanite Metal Corp located in Finland; and franchises in Taiwan, South Africa, and Japan.

The Meehanite specifications can be classified into three broad types:
High duty flake or gray irons; high duty “nodular” or ductile iron (SG); and a group consisting of special types for applications requiring resistance to heat, wear and corrosion.

Castings made by this method are used extensively to make machine tools, gears, sheaves, cylinder heads, valve bodies, rollers and other highly engineered applications.

History
The Meehanite process was developed in the late 1920s and early 1930s, by the Ross Meehan foundry in Chattanooga, Tennessee.  This initial discovery was based around the use of calcium silicide to inoculate irons melted in a controlled manner. This resulted in the development of cast irons of greater strength suitable for critical engineering applications.

“The Meehanite Metal Corp” was led by Oliver Smalley to license the processes to foundries. Many other patented casting processes were also established. The company was successfully operated as such until the middle 1950s when the corporation was acquired by Harry Kessler. Harry Kessler was a St. Louis foundry entrepreneur who owned a competing process (Sorbomat) company. In 1987 the corporation was acquired by Finnish Foundry Group, now the Association of Finnish Foundry Product Industries.

Relevant patents
, issued to Augustus F. Meehan in January 1931, is the initial patent on the process.  This patent concerned a technique to make "grey iron castings" (note: this is the spelling exactly as it appears in the patent).

The Meehanite Metal Corporation has a number of other patents on machinery for adding the inoculant agents to melts of iron in a controlled manner.

References

Further reading
 

Cast iron
Ferrous alloys
Iron
Lynis. Lynis is an extensible security audit tool for computer systems running Linux, FreeBSD, macOS, OpenBSD, Solaris, and other Unix derivatives. It assists system administrators and security professionals with scanning a system and its security defenses, with the final goal being system hardening.

Software
The tool was created by Michael Boelen, the original author of rkhunter as well as several special contributors and translators. Lynis is available under the GPLv3 license.

The software determines various system information, such as the specific OS type, kernel parameters, authentication and accounting mechanism, installed packages, installed services, network configuration, logging and monitoring (e.g. syslog-ng), cryptography (e.g. SSL/TLS certificates) and installed malware scanners (e.g. ClamAV or rkhunter). Additionally, it will check the system for configuration errors and security issues. By request of the auditor, those checks may conform to international standards such as ISO 27001, PCI-DSS 3.2 and HIPAA.

The software also helps with fully automated or semi-automatic auditing, software patch management, evaluation of server hardening guidelines and vulnerability/malware scanning of Unix-based systems. It can be locally installed from most system repositories, or directly started from disk, including USB stick, CD or DVD.

Audience
The intended audience is auditors, security specialists, penetration testers, and sometimes system/network administrators. Usually members of a  within a company or larger organization tend to employ such audit tools. According to the official documentation, there is also a Lynis Enterprise version, available with support for more than 10 computer systems, providing malware scanning, intrusion detection and additional guidance for auditors.

See also

 chkrootkit
 Host-based intrusion detection system comparison
List of free and open-source software packages
 Kali Linux

References

External links
 

Free security software
Unix security-related software
Unix package management-related software
MacOS security software
Operating Systems: Design and Implementation. Operating Systems: Design and Implementation is a computer science textbook written by Andrew S. Tanenbaum, with help from Albert S. Woodhull. The book describes the principles of operating systems and demonstrates their application in the source code of Tanenbaum's MINIX, a free Unix-like operating system designed for teaching purposes. The publisher is Prentice Hall (1987). The source code for MINIX was included as part of the original 719 pages of text. Later versions of the three editions also included loadable disks with MINIX.

See also 
 History of Linux
 Tanenbaum–Torvalds debate

References 

1987 non-fiction books
Books on operating systems
Engineering textbooks
Minix
Prentice Hall books
Modern Operating Systems. Modern Operating Systems is a book written by Andrew Tanenbaum, a version (which does not target implementation) of his book Operating Systems: Design and Implementation. It is now in its 5th edition, published October 2022 (), written together with Herbert Bos.

Modern Operating Systems (mostly known as MOS) is a popular book across the globe and includes the fundamentals of an operating system with small amounts of code written in autonomous C language. MOS describes many scheduling algorithms.

Books on operating systems
Computer science books
1992 non-fiction books
Aquila A 210. 

The Aquila A 210 is a two-seat reinforced plastic light aircraft produced in Germany from 2002. It remains in production in 2022 as the updated A211.

Design and development

The marketing name A 210 is usually used to refer to Aquila's light side by side two seat aircraft, though its official engineering and certification name is Aquila AT01.  Design work started in 1997 and the first flight was made in March 2000.

The A 210 is entirely built from carbon and glass fibre reinforced plastics (CFRP and GFRP).  CRFP is used for the more highly stressed members, spars, frames and stringers, GFRP for shells and control surfaces, the latter with GFRP/polyurethane sandwich construction.  The low wing has straight tapered inboard sections with increasing sweep outboard and winglets at the tips on production examples.  It has a laminar flow section and 4.5° of dihedral.  The ailerons are balanced and the inboard single slotted Fowler flaps have two positions.

The A 210 is powered by a Rotax 912 flat four engine driving a two blade propeller.  The cabin has uninterrupted transparencies fore and aft, with a slender fuselage behind.  The canopy is forward hinged. The tailplane is set just above the fuselage and the fin is swept.  A small ventral fin doubles as a tail bumper.  The A 210 has a fixed tricycle undercarriage. Its mainwheels are fitted with hydraulic brakes and  mounted on spring steel legs from the fuselage. The nosewheel has rubber suspension and is steerable; speed fairings are fitted on all wheels.

Operational history
   
German certification was achieved in 2001 and deliveries began the following year. It gained US certification in 2003. Early sales were to clubs, mostly as training aircraft.  Most have been sold in Europe and overall 120 have been built by late 2010. 110 appear as Aquila AT01 on the civil aircraft registrations of European countries excluding Russia in 2010.

After the acquisition of the company by a Turkish investor, one plane was gifted to Gendarmerie General Command.

Variants
Aquila A 210
Original model
Aquila A 211
Conventional instrument panel
Aquila A 211GX
Glass cockpit model

Specifications

References

External links

European Aviation Safety Agency Type Certificate Data Sheet for the AQUILA AT01

2000s German sport aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 2000
Mark G. Kuzyk. Mark G. Kuzyk (born May 7, 1958 in Chester, Pennsylvania) is an American physicist. He received his Ph.D. degree at the University of Pennsylvania in 1985, then was a member of technical staff at Bell Labs in Princeton, New Jersey from 1985 to 1990.  He has been a professor of physics and astronomy at Washington State University since 1990, where he has served as associate chair of Physics, Chair of the Materials Science Program, and Chair of Graduate Studies in Physics.

He is best known for his quantum calculations of the fundamental limits of the nonlinear-optical response and the observation of what is now called the Kuzyk quantum gap.  Other significant work includes the first demonstration of single-mode polymer optical fiber and the demonstration of Photomechanical Effects in dye-doped polymers.

More recent work includes studies of novel molecules that when doped into polymers recover from photodegradation when left in the dark.  Since these same molecules, when dissolved in liquid solution, degrade irreversibly, this work offers a unique glimpse into the meaning of irreversibility and how one might be able to control The Arrow of Time.

Kuzyk's honors include the Boeing Distinguished Professorship and presentation of the Washington State University 2005 Distinguished Faculty Address.  In 2009, he was named regents professor, the distinguished professor designation at Washington State University.  He was elected to fellowship in the Optical Society of America in 1999 and is author of the book, Polymer Fiber Optics.

Background

Kuzyk is the son of Walter Roman Kuzyk (a mechanical engineer) and Irene Bernakiewicz (a pharmacist), who emigrated from Ukraine after World War II.  He went to Stetser Elementary School in Chester, Pennsylvania from 1963 to 1968, Nether Providence Elementary School from 1968 to 1970, Nether Providence Middle School from 1970 to 1972, and Nether Providence High School from 1972 to 1976.  While in high school, he excelled in Math and Science, taking college classes at Widener college.  Kuzyk won the award for outstanding achievement in mathematics in 1976.

References

1958 births
Living people
21st-century American physicists
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Mark W. Spong. Mark W. Spong (born November 5, 1952, in Warren, Ohio) is an American roboticist. He is a professor of systems engineering and electrical and computer engineering in the Erik Jonsson School of Engineering & Computer Science  at the University of Texas at Dallas (UTD). He served as dean of the Jonsson School and the Lars Magnus Ericsson Chair in Electrical Engineering from 2008 to 2017. Before he joined UTD, he was the Donald Biggar Willett Professor of Engineering, professor of electrical engineering, research professor of Coordinated Science Laboratory and Information Trust Institute, and director of Center for Autonomous Engineering Systems and Robotics at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

Spong is a Life Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). He has received numerous awards for his research and teaching, including
 the 2020 Rufus Oldenburger Medal from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
 the 2018 Bode Lecture Prize from the IEEE Control Systems Society
 the 2016 Nyquist Lecture Prize from the Dynamical Systems and Control Division of the ASME
 the 2007 IROS Fumio Harashima Award for Innovative Technologies
 the O. Hugo Schuck Award in 2002 and 2009 from the American Automatic Control Council
 the 2004 John R. Ragazzini Award from the American Automatic Control Council
 the IEEE Third Millennium Medal.

Spong received his B.A. in mathematics and physics from Hiram College in 1975, a M.S. in mathematics from New Mexico State University in 1977, and a M.S. and D.Sc. in systems science and mathematics from Washington University in St. Louis in 1979 and 1981, respectively.

Publications 
 2015, Passivity-Based Control in Networked Robotics, with Takeshi Hatanaka, Nikhil Chopra, and Masayuki Fujita
 2007. The Reaction Wheel Pendulum, with D. J. Block and K. J. Astrom
 2006. Robot modeling and control. with S. Hutchinson and M. Vidyasagar
 1993. Robot control : dynamics, motion planning, and analysis with F.L. Lewis and C.T. Abdallah (ed.)
 1989. Robot dynamics and control. with M. Vidyasagar

External links
 Home page

1952 births
Control theorists
Hiram College alumni
New Mexico State University alumni
Washington University in St. Louis alumni
Washington University in St. Louis mathematicians
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign faculty
University of Texas at Dallas faculty
Living people
American roboticists
Bavarian BB II. The Bavarian Class BB II engines were Mallet type, saturated steam locomotives in the service of the Royal Bavarian State Railways (Königlich Bayerische Staats-Eisenbahnen).

They were specially designed for branch lines with tight curves and supplied in two series. The first series comprised 29 engines and was built between 1899 and 1903. The other two machines were delivered in 1908 to the state railway and were somewhat longer and heavier than the other locomotives. 

Although the Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft took over all the vehicles in 1925 as DRG Class 98.7, all bar three were retired during the 1930s due to their unsatisfactory riding performance. The last three engines were used after 1940 as industrial locomotives.

One example, the 98 727, was sold in 1943 to the Regensburg factory of Südzucker AG and was given the operating number 4. It was donated in 1972 to the Darmstadt-Kranichstein Railway Museum (Eisenbahnmuseum Darmstadt-Kranichstein) and is still preserved today. 

98 713 was used in Regensburg as well, was exported to Albania in 1943 to be used by Wehrmacht and Hekurudha Shqiptare. Served until 1950 and still could be seen in 1985.

External links 
 Photograph of 98 727 as a museum locomotive (1973)

References and notes

Mallet locomotives
Locomotives of Bavaria
0-4-4-0 locomotives
Standard gauge locomotives of Germany
Maffei locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1899
B′B n4vt locomotives
Flow line. A flow line, used on a drilling rig, is a large diameter pipe (typically a section of casing) that is connected to the bell nipple (under the drill floor) and extends to the possum belly (on the mud tanks) and acts as a return line (for the drilling fluid as it comes out of the hole), to the mud.

Possum Belly 

The possum belly is used to slow the flow of returning drilling fluid before it hits the shale shakers. This enables the shale shaker to clean the cuttings out of the drilling fluid before it is returned to the pits for circulation.

Sample Box 

Another common add on is the sample box. This is a heavy duty rubber hose that is inserted at the end of the flow line and at the other end emplaced into the sample box itself. The sample box is used to capture samples of drill cuttings for geological logging. The box is typically equipped with a raising door that allows the water and cuttings to escape after a sample is collected.

Stinger Line

A stinger line is similar to a flow line, but unlike a flow line is not used to maintain circulation. The stinger line is attached to the blowout preventer to allow for the pressure from a blowout to be released. The stinger line usually will run parallel to the flow line.

See also
Drilling rig (petroleum)
Flow show

References
Flow line

Drilling technology
Oilfield terminology
Petroleum engineering
Piping
Bruce Carver. Bruce Eugene Carver (May 4, 1948 – December 28, 2005) was a co-founder of Access Software (later renamed Indie Built) in 1982.  It began by producing titles for 8-bit computers, including Beach-Head, Beach Head II: The Dictator Strikes Back, Raid over Moscow and many others.

Career
A mechanical engineer, Carver began programming as a hobby after purchasing a Commodore 64 in early 1982, and founded Access Software. After Carver published Beach Head and Raid over Moscow, Compute! in 1985 called him one of "the world's best computer game designers" and a peer of Chris Crawford, Bill Budge, and Dan Bunten. With his brother Roger, he created the influential Links golf game series, beginning with Leader Board and World Class Leader Board.  The Links games defined golf video games and simulations.  In 1997, PC Gamer named him one of the "Gods of Gaming".

Access was sold to Microsoft in 1999 and, as a result, several people were let go.  Carver paid generous golden parachutes to several of these people out of his own pocket. He continued to work on games until 2003 when he left to create a construction company, Carver Homes, and collaborate with other former Access employees in the golf simulator company TruGolf. Carver was most active with his construction company, which built luxury houses to order. The homes were often outfitted with the TruGolf system.

Family and death
On December 28, 2005, Carver died of cancer. His funeral was held in Salt Lake City, Utah.

References

External links
 
 International Game Developers Association Memorial
 Obituary at gamasutra.org
 Obituary at next-gen.biz
 

1948 births
2005 deaths
People from Montpelier, Idaho
Businesspeople from Salt Lake City
American computer programmers
American video game designers
Idaho State University alumni
Video game programmers
20th-century American businesspeople
Pan Jiazheng. Pan Jiazheng (; November 12, 1927 – July 13, 2012) was a Chinese hydraulic engineer and poet.

Biography
Pan was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China, and lost his father at a young age. He was accepted by the Department of Civil Engineering of Zhejiang University, but almost dropped out because of poverty. His professor, Qian Lingxi, saw promise in him and paid for his tuition out of his own pocket until his graduation in 1950. He was an academician and the Vice-president of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE), and an academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences. He served as the former Chief Director of the Chinese Society for Rock Mechanics and Engineering, and the technical chief for the Three Gorges Dam.

References

External links
 ChinaVitae - Pan Jiazheng 
 Chinese Academy of Engineering - Pan Jiazheng 

1927 births
2012 deaths
20th-century Chinese poets
Chinese science fiction writers
Engineers from Zhejiang
Members of the Chinese Academy of Engineering
Members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
20th-century Chinese science writers
Poets from Zhejiang
Writers from Shaoxing
Zhejiang University alumni
Conductor pipe. A conductor Pipe is a large diameter pipe that is set into the ground to provide the initial stable structural foundation for a borehole or oil well.
The Conductor pipe is the first string of casing and is the largest diameter casing to be installed in a well. 
It can also be referred to as a drive pipe because it is often driven into the ground with a pile driver.

Conductor pipe is typically set, on petroleum wells, before any drilling operations are performed. It is usually set with special pile-driving or  rigs, though the drilling rig is sometimes used to save time and money. Conductor pipe’s purpose is to protect shallow sands from being contaminated by drilling fluids, and to help prevent washouts (which occur near the surface due to loose and unconsolidated top soils, gravel beds, etc.).

In the offshore drilling industry, the conductor pipe is set in the seabed, and is a key structural foundation for the subsea wellhead. When drilling an offshore well, a marine riser is connected to the well, and this is subjected to large environmental forces such as current and waves which are transferred to the conductor. The forces can be large and also cyclical which can potentially cause fatigue damage to the conductor, especially in harsh environmental conditions. A Conductor tensioner unit (CTU) can be used in shallow water on jackup rig to withstand such damaging forces.

Conductors are sometimes driven into position in very soft formations with large hammers. Sometimes, they are jetted into position and at other times, a separate cheaper rig (even truck mounted) may be used to drill the hole for the conductor. Offshore, two conductors may be installed in a well. The first conductor might be driven into position and not reach a depth sufficient for installation of a BOP. Usually secondary conductors are cemented to surface.

References

Oilfield terminology
Drilling technology
Petroleum engineering
Cadmium(I) tetrachloroaluminate. Cadmium(I) tetrachloroaluminate is the inorganic compound with the formula , a tetrachloroaluminate of cadmium(I). It was the first compound reported (1961) that contained cadmium in the +1 oxidation state and features a cadmium–cadmium bond.

Preparation and properties

 was originally prepared by dissolving Cd metal in molten  followed by the addition of .

Subsequent studies of the Raman vibrational spectrum indicated the presence of a cadmium–cadmium bond, which was confirmed by two separate X-ray diffraction studies of single crystals. The compound can therefore be compared to mercury(I) (mercurous) compounds (such as mercury(I) chloride), which contain . The  single bonds are part of ethane-like  units sharing vertices with  units, with a  bond length reported as 257.6 pm or 256.1pm.

 is diamagnetic. It contains no unpaired electrons and reacts readily with water disproportionating to give Cd metal and .

References

Cadmium compounds
Tetrachloroaluminates