omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Simple learning design 2.0. Simple Learning Design 2.0 (SLD 2.0) is a learning design specification proposed by Durand and Downes from the National Research Council of Canada in 2009. It was intended as an interoperability specification, simpler to implement than IMS Learning Design, a specification as of 2010 restricted only to pilot and research projects. IMS Learning Design is a specification for describing methods of learning design, in a way that claims to be pedagogically neutral. Simple Learning Design 2.0 was designed to be implemented by developers in a commercial e-learning application, and was intended to be paired with a more complex specification, described as "a real UML for learning design." The intent behind SLD 2.0 was to propose a specification with a good balance between its expressivity and the simplicity of its implementation.

References

Virtual learning environments
Pacific D-8. The Pacific D-8 is an American, single-seat, high-wing glider, that was designed by Ken Coward and made available as plans for amateur construction.

Design and development
The D-8 was conceived by Coward as an easy-to-build and inexpensive all-aluminium glider with good performance, that could be flown with or without a canopy. Later flight testing of a completed D-8 showed that the hoped-for performance was not achieved as the glide ratio was measured at just 17:1 with no canopy fitted.

Coward designed the D-8 and sold plans, but never built a prototype. The first D-8 was built by Klaus Hill and Bruno Hauffe who purchased plans in 1963. Virl Kimber made the first flight of the aircraft in May 1964. Early aircraft built showed that the ailerons and rudder were too small and that the wing was set at too high an angle of incidence for safety and most were subsequently modified. The plans were changed to incorporate larger ailerons. The all-metal wing is a one piece unit  in span and  in weight, that proved a challenge to design a trailer to carry.

At least five were completed, including one built by members of the Lockhaven Glider Club in Pennsylvania. That same aircraft was used for extensive flight testing by a subsequent owner to accurately measure its performance. One was built as a powered motor glider.

Specifications (D-8)

See also

References

1960s United States sailplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1964
Edward Bayard Heath. Edward Bayard Heath  (November 17, 1888 – November 1, 1931) was an American Aircraft engineer.

Biography
He was born on November 17, 1888, in Brooklyn, New York, to Clark Heath and Ada M. Johnson.

Heath designed and built a series of aircraft starting in 1909 with a Bleriot-inspired monoplane. His first flight was on 10 October 1909 in Amsterdam, New York, resulting in a broken landing gear. On July 4, 1910, Heath made $500 in appearance fees and $200 in photograph revenues from his aircraft that flew a 3 feet above the ground.

In 1911 Heath went to work for Glen Curtiss in Hammondsport, New York, as a motorcycle mechanic, next to the Curtiss aircraft factory where he built a second aircraft with Walter Eales making short aerial runs. After purchasing the Chicago-based Bates Aeroplane Company in 1912, Heath founded the E.B. Heath Aerial Vehicle Co., later becoming the Heath Airplane Company.

His company produced the Heath Feather and Heath Favorite after World War I, and later the Heath Parasol series of aircraft powered with Henderson Motorcycle engines.

Heath died on February 1, 1931, in Maine Township, Cook County, Illinois. He was in an aircraft accident while testing a new low-wing aircraft design.

Legacy
Heath's company was eventually purchased and after World War II, changed its product to kit electronics. Heathkit filed for bankruptcy and closed in 2012. As of 2019, the company has a live website at www.heathkit.com.

References

External links
Heathkit

Heathkit
American aerospace engineers
Members of the Early Birds of Aviation
1888 births
1931 deaths
Alum-(K). Alum-(K) is a hydrous potassium aluminium sulfate mineral with formula KAl(SO4)2·12(H2O). It is the mineral form of potassium alum and is referred to as potassium alum in older sources. It is a member of the alum group.

It occurs as colorless to white, soft isometric crystals and efflorescence coatings. Rare crystals are octahedral in form if occurring as precipitates from neutral water solution, but cubic in form if the solution is alkaline.

It occurs as a precipitate around volcanic fumaroles and solfataras. It also occurs as an alteration in argillaceous sediments or coal beds which contain oxidizing sulfide minerals (pyrite or marcasite). Occurs associated with alunogen, pickeringite, epsomite, melanterite, gypsum and native sulfur.

Occurrences include Mount Vesuvius, Italy and Alum Cave, Sevier County, Tennessee.

References

Sulfate minerals
Cubic minerals
Minerals in space group 205
Potassium minerals
Laponite. Laponite is a synthetic smectite clay that was invented in 1962 by clay scientist Barbara Neumann. Laponite is usually produced as powder. It is a nanomaterial, made up of very small disk-shaped crystals, that is used in multiple industrial applications. Laponite was first marketed by the company Laporte plc, and is currently produced by BYK Additives & Instruments. Laponite is not an approved mineral species, since it is not naturally occurring and it is not produced by geological processes.

Development of laponite
In the first formulation of laponite created by Neumann in 1962, the synthetic clay was determined to be a fluorohectorite, and was produced in the form of discs that were 1 nanometer thick, and with a diameter of 60 to 80 nanometres. This went into mass production in 1964. The mineral structure of the clay gives laponite its particular physical characteristics. It has a structure similar to the smectite group of clay minerals, with a 2:1 layered crystal structure in which two tetrahedral silica sheets lie either side of an octahedral sheet containing magnesium ions. 

In 1966, Neumann patented a second formulation of laponite, called 'Laponite RD'. This form was free from fluorine, and has subsequently become the most widely used form of laponite. This form of laponite has an empirical formula of .

In later years, Neumann also created other variants of laponite including a lithium-free magnesium silicate clay, a form of synthetic stevensite, and an iron silicate clay, which was a synthetic form of nontronite.

References

Clay
Smectite group
China National Machinery Industry Corporation. China National Machinery Industry Corporation (also known as Sinomach) is a Chinese conglomerate with businesses in tool making, construction equipment, agricultural equipment, and infrastructure construction. In two particular areas of construction engineering, the company is among the top in terms of revenue from international projects.  Based on 2013 rankings compiled by the Engineering News-Record, the company is the third largest contractor of power projects and 8th largest contractor of industrial projects.

A major subsidiary is the YTO Group, primarily a manufacturer of agriculture equipment.   In March 2011, YTO Group acquired McCormick France SAS, a French manufacturer of tractors, as part of strategy for entering the European tractor market.

Another major subsidiary of the company is the China Machinery Engineering Corporation (CMEC), a provider of engineering and construction services. The company expressed interest in building a 10,000 to 30,000 acre complex of industry, retail, and residential properties in the Boise area.  The plan is billed as a collaboration "on the reinvigoration of the American industrial base."

In June 2017, a sister SASAC-controlled conglomerate, China Hi-Tech Group Corporation (CHTC), became a wholly owned subsidiary of Sinomach through a restructuring, as part of a plan to reduce the number of SASAC directly controlled companies.

On 6 April 2017, Sinomach founded automotive company Zedriv. Zedriv makes 4 electric vehicles.

References

External links
Sinomach site

 
Construction equipment manufacturers of China
Manufacturing companies based in Beijing
Conglomerate companies of China
Companies established in 1997
Chinese brands
1997 establishments in China
Government-owned companies of China
Dyckman-Hillside Substation. The Dyckman-Hillside Substation, also known as Substation 17, is a historic electrical substation located at 127-129 Hillside Avenue between Sickles Street and Nagle Avenue, near the Dyckman Street station of the New York City Subway's IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line, in Inwood, Manhattan, New York City. It was one of eight substations constructed by the Interborough Rapid Transit Company in 1904–05.

The substation is a two-story, freestanding masonry building in the Beaux-Arts style.  It features a hipped roof, tower-like projections, scrolled wrought iron brackets, and terra cotta decorative details.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.

References
Notes

External links

Buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Manhattan
Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in New York City
Beaux-Arts architecture in New York City
Energy infrastructure completed in 1905
Industrial buildings and structures in Manhattan
Inwood, Manhattan
New York City Subway infrastructure
1905 establishments in New York City
Substation 219. Substation 219, also known as the Harlem Substation, is a historic electrical substation located in Harlem, New York, New York. It was constructed by the Independent Subway System in 1932 to provide power to the IND Eighth Avenue Line.  It is a single-story, double-height masonry building in the Art Deco style.  It features a low brick parapet topped by a band of limestone coping and a limestone frieze consisting of diamond-shaped limestone pieces and a brick chevron pattern.  The main entrance doors are faced in aluminium and incorporate Art Deco-style geometric motifs.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.

References

Buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Manhattan
Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in New York City
Art Deco architecture in Manhattan
Energy infrastructure completed in 1932
Industrial buildings and structures in Manhattan
Buildings and structures in Harlem
New York City Subway infrastructure
1932 establishments in New York City
1930s architecture in the United States
Independent Subway System
1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene. 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH(CH).  Classified as an aromatic hydrocarbon, it is a flammable colorless liquid.    It is nearly insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents.

The compound occurs naturally in coal tar and petroleum. It is one of the three isomers of trimethylbenzene. It is used in jet fuel, mixed with other hydrocarbons, to prevent the formation of solid particles which might damage the engine.

German chemist  first prepared the hydrocarbon in 1882 and designated it hemellitol as a reference to the trivial name of hexamethylbenzene. Four years later he also discovered it in the coal tar.

Production 
Industrially, it is isolated from the C aromatic hydrocarbon fraction during petroleum distillation. It is also generated by methylation of toluene and xylenes.

References 

Alkylbenzenes
C3-Benzenes
Aircraft Warning Service Observation Tower. The Aircraft Warning Service Observation Tower in Agnew, Washington was built in  1941 as a spotting station for Aircraft Warning Service volunteers watching for intruding Japanese airplanes during World War II. The tower's original site was near Dungeness, but in 1992 the tower was moved to its present location.

History
The  wood-frame tower was built from donated materials behind the Fred and Jean Cook farmhouse, overlooking the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Jean Cook, as "chief observer," organized a team of 300 people to maintain a 24-hour watch. The site reported to the Port Angeles "filter center," which compiled observer reports for transmission on to the U.S. Army. The AWS program operated from 1941 to October 1943. Most towers were dismantled or neglected after the war. The Cook tower is the only remaining such facility in Clallam County, Washington. Owing to liability concerns, the tower was partially dismantled and moved to the property of Harriet U. Fish, who had served at the Seattle filter center. It was re-erected and repaired.

The wood-frame tower's plan measures about  by , with three stories, each a single room accessed by an exterior door from the outside stairway. Windows are provided at each level, with larger windows on the top level, surrounded by a balcony. The lower levels are covered in board-and-batten siding, with wide clapboards on the top level. The roof is a pitched gable structure with deep eaves.

The tower was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 29, 1993.

References

Military facilities on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington (state)
Buildings and structures in Clallam County, Washington
Aircraft Warning Service
Towers in Washington (state)
National Register of Historic Places in Clallam County, Washington
José Carlos Pedro. José Carlos Pedro is a researcher and scientist in the areas of wireless communication and microwave engineering. He has been awarded for his contributions several times. In 2007, he became a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, for his outstanding contributions to distortion analysis. He is a full Professor of the University of Aveiro. He involved in many projects in the IT(Institute of Telecommunications, Aveiro), of which he became the President of the Board of Directors, in 2021. He is a speaker of scientific topics and research methods.

References

Portuguese engineers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Academic staff of the University of Aveiro
Telecommunications engineers
Microwave engineers
Fellows of the IEEE
Tellisford Mill. Tellisford Mill is a  installed capacity micro hydro run-of-the-river power station on the site of a former watermill in the village of Tellisford in the Mendip district of Somerset, England. The mill lies on the River Frome,  north-east of the town of Frome.

Part of the Mendip Power Group, the mill was restored to power in April 2007 using a German-made 55 kW vertically mounted Kaplan turbine, which is expected to produce on average  per year. The turbine replaced a  Francis turbine built in 1895.

Tellisford Mill is also home to a photographic studio.

References

External links

 Gants Mill – a similar installation
 Tellisford Mill at Somerset Rivers

Energy infrastructure completed in 1895
Energy infrastructure completed in 2007
Watermills in Somerset
Run-of-the-river power stations
Frome
Buildings and structures in Mendip District
Mill museums in England
Hydroelectric power stations in England
Sopwith Admiralty Type C. The  Sopwith Admiralty Type C was an early British floatplane designed and built by Sopwith Aviation to drop torpedoes. A single engined tractor biplane floatplane, three were delivered to the Royal Navy in November 1914 but proved unable to lift a torpedo.

Design and development
The Admiralty had ordered a special torpedo carrying biplane (the Sopwith Special torpedo seaplane Type C, serial number 170) in February 1914  and followed it with an order in July 1914 for three similar Type C floatplanes (serial numbers 157, 158 and 159). The specification called for folding wings, bomb gear, a gun and radio. Work started at the Sopwith factory at Kingston-upon-Thames on 5 April 1914 and the three Type Cs, powered by a  Salmson (Canton-Uneé) piston engine, were completed by October.  They went to RNAS Calshot for evaluation in November 1914. The Special, tested that July, had failed to lift a torpedo and the new Type Cs were little better, failing to take off under load: 157 could not get airborne with a  Whitehead torpedo and the other two had similar poor performance. 158 was accepted by the service on 4 February 1915 but it sank following a forced landing a few days later on 8 February. The two survivors, 157 and 159, were withdrawn from service at the end of 1915.

Operators

Royal Naval Air Service

See also

References
Notes

Sources

1910s British military aircraft
Admiralty Type C
Aircraft first flown in 1914
Osseoincorporation. Osseoincorporation is the healing potential of bone onto an implant surface and into an implant structure. Three-dimensional, porous implantable materials used in the orthopedic and dental implant industries offer the potential for ingrowth as well as ongrowth or osseoincorporation.

Comparison to osseointegration 
Conventional textured or coated implant surfaces are designed to achieve bone-to-implant contact, which is called ongrowth. Per-Ingvar Brånemark defined this ongrowth phenomenon, osseointegration, as "the direct structural and functional connection between ordered, living bone and the surface of a load-carrying implant". In the case of dental implants, they osseointegrate.  Porous implantable materials are designed for bone to grow not only onto the material but also into its pores, and in some cases interconnecting within the material’s structure, in a process called osseoincorporation.

Complications 
In some cases, the patient has periodontal defects (damaged or poor bone structure) which hinder osseointegration.  Guided tissue and/or bone regeneration may be necessary before the bone can osseointegrate with the dental implant. In this case a combination of barrier membranes, bone tacks, and supplemental autogenous bone may be required to promote proper osseointegration. In addition, implant surface modification has been studied and now integrated, thus promoting an optimal tissue-implant interface (i.e. osseointegration, implant-gingival seal).

See also
 Osseointegration

References

Orthopedic surgical procedures
Gianaurelio Cuniberti. Gianaurelio Cuniberti (born 28 April 1970) is an Italian scientist and professor at TU Dresden in Germany. Since 2007 he has been chair of Materials Science and Nanotechnology at the TU Dresden.

Education
Professor Gianaurelio Cuniberti took his Diploma di Maturità (matriculation examination which can be compared to A-Level exams or Abitur.) in June 1989 at the Liceo Leonardo da Vinci in Genoa and studied physics at the University of Genoa between 1989 and 1994, where he obtained his bachelor's degree and masters in science. He received his PhD in 1997.

Academic career
In 1994 he was a visiting scientist at MIT and in the period between 1997 and 1998 was postdoctoral research associate at the University of Genoa, Italy. He moved then to Germany, where he spent the years between 1998 and 2002 as guest scientist at the Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany (since 2001 as a Schloeßmann fellow). Between the years 2003 to 2008 he was head of the Volkswagen Foundation independent research group “Molecular Computing”, Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Germany.

Since October 2017 Cuniberti has been full professor (W3) at TU Dresden, Germany.

He is part of the board of trustees of the Society of Friends of the Staatskapelle Dresden, one of the oldest orchestras in the word still performing  with a top 10 reputation.
He is member of the board of trustees of the Italien-Zentrum Dresden, a cultural platform for the exchange between Italy and Saxony. He also serves as a member of the board of trustees of the Italian Chamber of Commerce in Germany.

Recognition
He was named a Fellow of the American Physical Society in 2022 "for pioneering computational and experimental works on low-dimensional structures and lasting contributions to the atom-to-system understanding of nanoelectronics devices".

References

External links
 List of publications at TU Dresden
 List of publications at Google Scholar
 Conference organization
 Functions and editorial activity

Pohang University of Science and Technology
Academic staff of TU Dresden
Place of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Italian materials scientists
1970 births
Fellows of the American Physical Society
High Plateau railway. The High Plateau railway is a network of railway lines under construction across Algeria. The project is managed by Anesrif.

Route

The route runs 1200 km from Tebessa in the east to Moulay Slissen in the west, via Tiaret and M'Sila, through a sparsely populated area bordering the Atlas Mountains and the Sahara. Eighteen new passenger stations are planned. This route incorporates some elements of the existing rail network which will be connected by 630 km of new lines.

Most of Algeria's existing rail network is further north, along the coast.  So the "inland" route allows traffic to bypass the main Rocade Nord route through Constantine, Algiers, and Oran. This project is hand in hand with Anesrif's other plans to improve Algeria's 4000 km of existing railways.

A further stretch of railway will run from Tlemcen to a new station at Maghina and then to the Moroccan border at Akid Abbas. The border with Morocco has been sealed since 1994, but there is pressure to reopen the border to travellers.

Specification
The route is mostly being built for  running; the line near the Moroccan border is designed for higher speeds. The railway is standard gauge (even though it crosses some existing  gauge lines) and mostly single-track.

There is provision for 25 kV electrification in the future. GSM-R will be used for communications.

Project
The project is being managed by Anesrif, an Algerian state agency which is undertaking several large projects to revitalise railways and build new infrastructure. Anesrif has awarded contracts to various consortia.

Once in operation, the railway will be operated by SNTF.

In May 2010, a contract was awarded to build a 185 km section of railway from Tissemsilt-Tiaret-Relizane, for 160 km/h running; it is designed with future electrification in mind.
In March 2011, Anesrif awarded a contract to build the railway from Tlemcen to the Moroccan border.
As of March 2011, Alstom was already constructing the 120 km section between Saida and Moulay Slissen.
Work was expected to begin on the 153 km Saida-Tiaret line in the summer of 2011.

Development
The east-west High Plateau railway incorporates some elements of existing Algerian lines, although away from the coast, existing infrastructure has mostly been north–south.
The Tebessa-Annaba line largely operates independently, hauling iron ore and phosphates to a port on the coast; there have been proposals to spin it off as a private concession.
There was already a line from Ain M'lilla to Barika, part of an oil export chain from Touggourt, developed by France during the colonial era.
As existing railways in Algeria are poorly utilised, despite expensive investments in the past, there have been concerns about the authorities' ability to manage capacity appropriately. Away from the coast, Algeria is sparsely populated, although cities are expected to grow as a result of improved infrastructure; this has already happened in Tiaret.

See also
 List of railway lines in Algeria

References

External links
 Anesrif
 SNTF
 ERTMS in Algeria

Railway lines in Algeria
Buildings and structures under construction in Algeria
Standard gauge railways in Algeria