omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Elektrėnai Power Plant. The Elektrėnai Power Plant or Elektrėnai Complex () is an 1,055 MW electricity generating station near Elektrėnai, Lithuania, about  west of Lithuania's capital, Vilnius.  It is operated by Ignitis gamyba AB, a subsidiary of Ignitis.

History 

The plant was built in stages between 1960 and 1972. The Strėva River was dammed to supply it with cooling water, creating the Elektrėnai Reservoir. In 2008, the plant comprised eight units fired with natural gas. In the past, it used heavy fuel oil and, for a brief period in 1990s, a bitumen-based fuel known as Orimulsion imported from Venezuela. It was designed as a base load plant, and generated about 10 TWh per year until 1992. Its operations were then reduced to about 5% of its capacity, since it acted only as a reserve in the Lithuanian power system.

After the shutdown of the Ignalina nuclear power plant in 2009, the plant became the primary source of Lithuania's electrical power. Since the plant did not meet European Union environmental guidelines, a number of improvement projects have been proposed. A flue-gas desulfurization project was completed in September 2008. In December 2007, Ministry of Economy announced that a new 400-MW combined cycle unit would be built at the site as well. The cost of the new unit was estimated at 252 million euros; 57% of the funding was planned to be supplied by the European Union, 33% by the plant, and the remaining 10% by the National Ignalina Decommissioning Fund. In 2012, a 9th unit was opened, which cost in total 377 million euros. It was built by a Spanish company Iberdrola Ingenieria y Construccion.

The plant also supplies district heating to the town of Elektrėnai, established in 1962, originally to support its workers.

Units

See also 
 List of power stations in Lithuania

References

External links 
 European Bank for Reconstruction and Development - Executive Summary of Environmental Impact Assessment - Environmental and Related Technical Upgrading of Lithuanian Power Plant

Natural gas-fired power stations in Lithuania
Oil-fired power stations in Lithuania
Buildings and structures in Elektrėnai
FVA. FVA may refer to:
 Factor Va (FVa), a protein
  Flux variability analysis
 Fernando von Arb (born 1963), Swiss guitarist
 Ferrari Virtual Academy, a video game
 Festival Voix d'Amériques, held annually in Montreal, Canada
 Flugwissenschaftliche Vereinigung Aachen, a German aviation research group and aircraft manufacturer
 Florida Velodrome Association, a non-profit cycling organization
 Footvolley Australia
  Four Valve type A - one of the Formula 2 engines developed by Cosworth
 Fox Valley Association
 Function value analysis
 Funding Valuation Adjustment - one of the  X-Value Adjustments in relation to derivative instruments held by banks
 Venezuelan Athletics Federation (Spanish: )
MCRL2. mCRL2 is a specification language for describing concurrent discrete event systems. It is accompanied with a toolset, that facilitates tools, techniques and methods for simulation, analysis and visualization of behaviour. The behavioural part of the language is based on process algebra (Algebra of Communicating Processes). The data part of the toolset is based on abstract equational data types extended with higher-order functions.

The toolset was founded by Jan Friso Groote and is currently developed by the Formal Systems Analysis group at
Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands.

References
Groote, J.F., Mousavi, M.R. Modeling and analysis of communicating systems. The MIT press. 2014. .

External links
mCRL2 website

Model checkers
Process calculi
Schweizer SGU 1-6. The Schweizer SGU 1-6 was a United States Open Class, single-seat, high-wing, pod-and-boom glider built by Schweizer Metal Aircraft Company of Elmira, New York.

The sole SGU 1-6 built was completed in 1937 as an experimental aircraft and registered N17897. The design was never certified.

Design and development
Schweizer Aircraft started construction of the 1-6 prototype in 1937. The aircraft was built to compete in the Eaton Design Contest held in conjunction with the 8th US National Gliding Championships. This competition was open to any new American glider design that had not been flown at a previous National Championship. The rules required drawings and stress analysis data to be presented with the completed aircraft. The intention was that the winning design would be made available as drawings and kits for amateur construction and that Bureau of Air Commerce design approval would be eventually obtained as well.

The winners of the contest and the cash prizes won were:
First – US$700 – ABC Sailplane, Arthur B Schultz, designer
Second – US$500 – Ross RS-1 Zanonia Sailplane, Harland Ross, designer
Third – US$300 – SGU 1-6 Utility Glider, Ernst and Paul Schweizer, designers

The SGU was the first all-metal glider built. It was an unusual design with a high-mounted strut-braced wing and a tube-style boom ending in a cruciform tail. The design was intended to be simple and cheap to produce.

None of the winning designs in the Eaton Contest proved to be as easy to construct as was envisioned by the contest organizers and the lessons learned from the contest lead the Schweizer brothers to start with a clean sheet design for their next effort. This new design would achieve the aims that the 1937 Eaton Contest gliders failed to make.

The subsequent Schweizer SGU 1-7 lead to the successful Schweizer SGU 1-19 which, with two seats installed, grew into the Schweizer SGU 2-22 trainer and finally the Schweizer SGS 2-33.

Operational history
The SGU 1-6 was not actually flown in competition, despite being designed for the 1937 US Nationals and being present at the competition.

The Schweizer brothers were all pilots of low experience in 1937 and had hoped to have a well-known pilot fly the 1-6 in the US Nationals. Top soaring pilot Jack O'Meara was attending the competition and did not have a sailplane to fly. The Schweizers offered O'Meara the use of the 1-6 for the contest, hoping that he would score well flying it and thus promote the design.

O'Meara declined the loan of the 1-6, hoping to secure a higher performing aircraft instead, in more keeping with his status as a competitive pilot and so the 1-6 did not fly in the Nationals.

The sole SGU 1-6 built no longer exists. Its FAA registration number, N17897, now belongs, appropriately enough, to a Schweizer SGS 2-33.

See also

References

1930s United States sailplanes
Schweizer aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1937
Millennium Link. The Millennium Link is one of the biggest engineering projects ever undertaken by British Waterways. The Union Canal and the Forth & Clyde Canal were originally joined by a flight of locks. The Millennium Link project replaced the locks with a boat lift, the Falkirk Wheel.

The project launch was in October 1994, and it received a grant of £32 million from the Millennium Commission; the total cost of the project was £78 million.

Work started in 1999.

Partners in the Millennium Link project
City of Edinburgh Council
East Dunbartonshire Council
Falkirk Council
Glasgow City Council
North Lanarkshire Council
West Dunbartonshire Council
West Lothian Council
Millennium Commission
Millennium Forest for Scotland
British Waterways
Scottish Natural Heritage
Central Scotland Countryside Trust
East of Scotland European Partnership
Strathclyde European Partnership
Scottish Enterprise
Edinburgh Canal Society
Ratho Union Canal Society Association - now defunct
Falkirk and District Canal Society based at Camelon, Falkirk
Paisley Canal and Waterways Society
Scottish Inland Waterways Association
Forth and Clyde Canal Society
Linlithgow Union Canal Society
Seagull Trust
List of waterway societies in the United Kingdom

See also

Canals of the United Kingdom
History of the British canal system
The Helix (Falkirk)

References

External links
 British Waterways Scotland page on the Millennium Link
 Official website, now defunct, but archived by James Gentles
 Official site of the Falkirk Wheel
 Falkirk Helix official website

Canals in Scotland
Buildings and structures celebrating the third millennium
Hispano HS-42. The Hispano HS-42 and its derivative, the HA-43, were advanced military trainer aircraft produced in Spain in the 1940s. The basic design was that of a conventional, low-wing, cantilever monoplane with seating for the pilot and instructor in tandem. The HS-42 had fixed, tailwheel undercarriage with spatted mainwheels, while the HA-43 had retractable main units. Produced on the assembly line that had been used to build Fokker D.XXI fighters, the HS-42 shared some components with this aircraft.

Variants
HS-42
Original production version with fixed undercarriage and Piaggio Stella P.VII C.16 engine
HA-43
Improved variant with retractable undercarriage and Armstrong Siddeley Cheetah 27 engine

Operators

Spanish Air Force

Specifications (HA-43)

References

 
 
 

1940s Spanish military trainer aircraft
Hispano aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
Mocolo. Mocolo is a proprietary video analysis server for Microsoft Windows, mostly used in interactive environments. 
It monitors video streams, finds interactions (presences or movements) and sends analysis results to a list of client applications in form of Open Sound Control (OSC) packets.
Key features: lightweight performance, capability to analyze several video sources at the same time, connectivity toward any OSC capable application.
Mocolo makes use of small amounts of CPU time and no use of the GPU, leaving enough resources for other client applications running on the same machine.

External links
 Mocolo homepage
 Xtend3dLab projects page

Computer vision software
Hispano HA-100. The Hispano HA-100 Triana (named for the district of Seville where the Hispano Aviación plant was located) was a military trainer aircraft developed in Spain in the 1950s. The first aircraft designed by Willy Messerschmitt after World War II, it was a conventional, low-wing cantilever monoplane with retractable tricycle undercarriage. The pilot and instructor sat in tandem.

The programme was initiated when the Spanish government issued a requirement in 1951 for a replacement for the Hispano HS-42s and HA-43s then in service. Hispano proposed two versions with different engine power, the HA-100E and HA-100F, the former for basic training, the latter for advanced training, and the construction of two prototypes of each was undertaken. Development was fraught with problems, mostly in obtaining suitable parts, and most particularly with engines. The ENMASA Sirio was originally selected for the HA-100E, but when this proved unavailable, the ENMASA Beta was used instead, a heavier and much more powerful engine than had been wanted for the basic trainer. As it transpired, the performance of this engine was far from satisfactory, and when the second prototype flew in February 1955 (the first HA-100F), it was powered by a Wright R-1300.

Flight testing was very positive, and the HA-100 performed well in comparative tests against the American T-28 Trojan, leading to a contract for 40 of the aircraft. However, obtaining engines remained a stumbling block, with Spain unable to afford to import the Wright engine in quantity. Eventually, production ground to a halt, and the decision was taken to scrap the airframes under construction, salvaging only the wings and empennages for use on the HA-200 project.

Variants
HA-100E-1basic trainer intended to have 336 kW (450 hp) ENMASA Sirio engine; prototype flew with 560 kW (750 hp) ENMASA Beta instead (1 built)
HA-100F-1advanced trainer with Wright R-1300 engine and provision for underwing guns and disposable stores (1 built)
HA-110-C1A proposed derivative of the HA-100E-1 with a different powerplant.

Specifications (HA-100E)

References

 
 
 

1950s Spanish military trainer aircraft
Hispano aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear
Hitachi T.2. 

The Hitachi T.2 was a trainer aircraft built in Japan in the early 1940s. It was a conventional, single-bay sesquiplane with wings braced by N-struts. The pilot and instructor sat in tandem, open cockpits, and the undercarriage was of fixed, tailskid type.

Specifications

References
 
 

1940s Japanese civil trainer aircraft
Sesquiplanes
Hitachi TR.1. The Hitachi TR.1 was a small airliner developed in Japan in 1938, produced in small numbers as the TR.2. It was a low-wing, cantilever monoplane with retractable tailwheel undercarriage and a fully enclosed cabin. The design strongly resembled the Airspeed Envoy that it was intended to replace in Japanese airline service. Testing of the TR.1 prototype commenced on 8 April 1938 at Haneda Airport, but it suffered a serious accident on 22 June due to a landing in which one of the main undercarriage units failed to extend.

The TR.2 was a revised and strengthened design with a larger wing area, and main undercarriage that only semi-retracted. Twelve examples were built in a small series, but performance was not as good as the TR.1, since the modifications to the design had added 260 kg (570 lb) to the aircraft.

Specifications (TR.1)

References

 
 

1930s Japanese airliners
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1938
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Tsuruoka National College of Technology. is a Japanese National College of Technology that is located in Tsuruoka, Yamagata. The abbreviated name is TNCT (Japanese: 鶴岡高専; Tsuruoka Kousen)。

History
1963 Tsuruoka National College of Technology was founded on April 1, 1963 (the two-class Department of Mechanical Engineering class and Department of Electronic Engineering).
1967　Department of Industrial Chemistry established.
1990　Department of Control and Information Systems Engineering came into being by reorganizing the two-class Department of Mechanical Engineering.
1993　Department of Industrial Chemistry was reorganized into Department of Material Engineering.
2003　Advanced Engineering Course was established.
2004　After the "Institution of National Colleges of Technology Japan" Act was enacted, this college has become the Tsuruoka College of Technology of the Institute of National Colleges of Technology Japan.
2005　Department of Electrical Engineering was renamed Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering.

Departments

Regular Course (Associate's degree Course)
Five years' course.
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Department of Control and Information Systems Engineering
Department of Material Engineering

Advanced Engineering Course (Bachelor's Degree Course)
Two years' course.
Graduated regular course student can enter this course after entrance examination acceptance. 	
Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering	 	
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering

See also
Colleges of technology in Japan

Presidents
Mosuke Hayashi (1963–1971)
Shingi Saito (1971–1976)
Shozo Watarai (1976–1981)
Mayumi Someno (1981–1986)
Jiro Shimizu (1986–1993)
Mitsuo Abe (1993–2001)
Tsutomu Nonaka (2001–2006)
Masaaki Yokoyama (2006–2011)
Yasushi Kato (2011–2016)
Koji Takahashi (2016–present)

External links
 Tsuruoka National College of Technology (Japanese)

Engineering universities and colleges in Japan
Universities and colleges in Yamagata Prefecture
1963 establishments in Japan
Educational institutions established in 1963
Public universities in Japan
Tsuruoka, Yamagata
Schoberer Rad Meßtechnik. Schoberer Rad Meßtechnik (SRM), or Schoberer Rad Messtechnik, is a company which created the first cycling power meter. Formed in 1986 by Ulrich Schoberer in Jülich, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, the firm's name literally means "Schoberer’s bike measurement technology." The SRM Powermeter uses built-in strain gauges to determine the power, in Watts, that the cyclist outputs to the bicycle cranks and chainring.

References

External links
Official website

Companies established in 1986
Cycle parts manufacturers
Joint BioEnergy Institute. The Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI) is a research institute funded by the United States Department of Energy. JBEI is led by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and includes participation from the Sandia National Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, as well as UC Berkeley, UC Davis, Iowa State University, and the Carnegie Institute. JBEI is located in Emeryville, California.

The goal of The Joint BioEnergy Institute is to develop biofuels, bio-synthesized from lignin derived from corn stover, sorghum and other plant feedstocks (see second generation biofuels) as an alternative to fossil fuels. Additionally, there are efforts to produce bio-based chemicals derived from the deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass to create bio-based polymers and other commodities such as perfumes, dietary supplements as well as other high-end products. The goal is to use these bio-based chemicals to help finance the change in infrastructure from petroleum fuels to biofuels.

JBEI functions as an incubator for scientific discovery bringing together the best and brightest researchers from around the country and the globe.

Inside JBEI's Emeryville laboratories, five interlocking scientific divisions–Life-cycle, Economics and Agronomy; Feedstocks; Deconstruction; Biofuels and Bioproducts; and Technology–bring the sunlight-to-biofuels/bioproducts pipeline under one roof.

JBEI represents a departure from traditional research institutions that specialize in a single field. Here, an inter-disciplinary team of some 160-plus scientists, post doctoral researchers and graduate students combine their expertise and collaborate to develop genetic, biological, computational and robotic technologies to accelerate the process of discovery.

JBEI researchers are developing scientific breakthroughs to produce clean, sustainable, carbon-neutral biofuels and bioproducts.

An inter-disciplinary team of scientists is using the latest techniques in molecular biology, chemical and genetic engineering to develop new biological systems, processes and technologies to convert biomass to biofuels and bioproducts.

In the lab, JBEI researchers are engineering microbes to transform sugars into energy-rich fuels that can directly replace petroleum-derived gasoline, diesel and jet fuel. Advanced biofuels can also be dropped into today's engines and infrastructures with no loss of performance.

Harnessing the solar energy in biomass  from grasses and other non-edible plants could meet much of the nation's annual transportation energy needs without contributing to global climate change.

References

External links
 
 

Bioenergy organizations
Energy research institutes
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Emeryville, California
Research institutes in California
Research institutes in the San Francisco Bay Area
Percolation trench. A percolation trench, also called an infiltration trench, is a type of best management practice (BMP) that is used to manage stormwater runoff, prevent flooding and downstream erosion, and improve water quality in an adjacent river, stream, lake or bay. It is a shallow excavated trench filled with gravel or crushed stone that is designed to infiltrate stormwater though permeable soils into the groundwater aquifer.

A percolation trench is similar to a dry well, which is typically an excavated hole filled with gravel. Another similar drainage structure is a French drain, which directs water away from a building foundation, but is usually not designed to protect water quality.

Application and design
Percolation trenches are often used to treat runoff from impervious surfaces, such as sidewalks and parking lots, on sites where there is limited space available for managing stormwater. They are effective at treating stormwater only if the soil has sufficient porosity.  To function properly, a trench must be designed with a pretreatment structure such as a grass channel or swale, in order to capture sediment and avoid clogging the trench. It may not be appropriate for sites where there is a possibility of groundwater contamination, or where there is soil with a high clay content that could clog the trench.

See also
Best management practice for water pollution
French drain
Infiltration basin
Sustainable urban drainage systems

References

External links
International Stormwater BMP Database – Performance Data on Urban Stormwater Best Management Practices

Environmental engineering
Hydrology
Stormwater management
Jun Murai. is a Japanese professor and administrator known as "the father of Internet in Japan" and "Internet Samurai". He is a professor at Keio University. Murai is the founder of JUNET and founder of the WIDE Project. Murai graduated from Keio University in 1979 and received a Ph.D. from the same school in 1984. On October 1, 2009, Murai became the Dean of the Faculty of Environment and Information Studies.

Murai was awarded the 2011 IEEE Internet Award "For his leadership in the development and deployment of the global Internet, especially across the Asia-Pacific region.” Murai entered the Internet Hall of Fame in 2013, recognizing his administrative and co-ordination efforts in establishing Internet connectivity in Japan, and serving as President of Japan Network Information Center.

Jun Murai accepted the Knight of the Legion of Honour Medal from the French government on 13 February 2019.

References

External links 

 Jun Murai

Internet pioneers
Internet in Japan
Japanese computer scientists
1955 births
Living people
Keio University alumni
Academic staff of Keio University
Manganese(II,III) oxide. Manganese(II,III) oxide is the chemical compound with formula Mn3O4. Manganese is present in two oxidation states +2 and +3 and the formula is sometimes written as MnO·Mn2O3. Mn3O4 is found in nature as the mineral hausmannite.

Preparation
Mn3O4 formed when any manganese oxide is heated in air above 1000 °C. Considerable research has centred on producing nanocrystalline Mn3O4 and various syntheses that involve oxidation of MnII or reduction of MnVI.

Reactions
 
Mn3O4 has been found to act as a catalyst for a range of reactions e.g. the oxidation of methane and carbon monoxide; the decomposition of NO, the reduction of nitrobenzene and the catalytic combustion of organic compounds.

Structure
Mn3O4 has the spinel structure, where the oxide ions are cubic close packed and the MnII occupy tetrahedral sites and the MnIII octahedral sites. The structure is distorted due to the Jahn–Teller effect. At room temperature Mn3O4 is paramagnetic, below 41-43 K, it is ferrimagnetic although this has been reported as reducing in nanocrystalline samples to around 39 K.

Uses
Mn3O4 is sometimes used as a starting material in the production of soft ferrites e.g. manganese zinc  ferrite, and lithium manganese oxide, used in lithium batteries.

Manganese tetroxide can also be used as a weighting agent while drilling reservoir sections in oil and gas wells.

References

Manganese compounds
Transition metal oxides
Mixed valence compounds