omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Murder in Space. Murder in Space is also the title of a 1955 science fiction novel by David V. Reed and a 2007 mystery novel by Sydney J. Bounds.

Murder in Space is a 1985 science fiction murder mystery television movie set in the near future. The crew of an international space mission are on the return leg from Mars to Earth when an explosion occurs on the craft Conestoga, shortly after a series of murders starts. The crew of the returning craft are forbidden to return until the murderer is caught.

On its initial worldwide premiere, the film was shown without the ending and a competition was set for the viewers to solve the mystery of who the murderer or murderers were. The conclusion of the film was shown several days later, with the contestants eliminated one by one until the winner correctly identified the killer or killers. The final 15 minutes of the film was shown at a later date when the mystery was solved with only two countries provided winners with the correct answer.

Conestoga crew

Other cast members

Other cast members were reporters, wives and husbands, mission control staff and additional Russian characters.

Prize money

 USA - $60,000
 UK - £10,000

Related Prizes

PRIMETIME magazine, the FIRST CHOICE*SUPERCHANNEL program guide, featured a pull-out entry form which allowed viewers to identify the four murdered characters, their nationalities and, bizarrely, “how murdered?”. It then asked the ultimate question – “Who Committed the Murders?”

Readers who correctly guessed the answer had the opportunity to win a trip on the Orient Express however no entries received were actually correct so instead the closest answer to who the murderer was given a year's free subscription to the magazine.

Accompanying book

A novel also called "Murder In Space", published by Penguin, was produced around the same time; the last page of the book was an entry form for the competition to solve the mystery. It was written by "FX Woolf", a penname for Howard Engels and Janet Hamilton.

Murder in Space: The Solution

A television show, hosted in the UK by Anneka Rice and Roger Cook(making his ITV Debut) and broadcast in September 1985 on UK TV Channel ITV, featured members of the UK public who were close or knew who the murderer actually was, thus winning the £10,000 prize money. The solution was then shown in the final 15 minutes of the movie to reveal the answer.

External links

References

1985 television films
Films about astronauts
Canadian science fiction television films
English-language Canadian films
1980s mystery films
Films scored by Arthur B. Rubinstein
Films directed by Steven Hilliard Stern
1980s Canadian films
CTV Television Network original films
Lego Digital Designer. Lego Digital Designer is a discontinued CAD software  made by Qube Software and the Lego Group. It allows people to design a virtual model using a selection of virtual Lego bricks. These models could be saved locally as uploaded to the Lego website for sharing and ordering as a physical product. It is available for macOS and Windows, but only as a 32-bit application, which means that it no longer runs on newer versions of macOS. The program allows users to build models using virtual Lego bricks, in a computer-aided design like manner. Until 16 January 2012, these could be uploaded, along with instructions and a box design, to the Lego Design byME website, from where the models could be ordered for delivery as a real, packaged set. Users can also take screenshots of their models and store the models on their computer in an .LXF file. On 9 November 2011, Lego declared that the Design byME service was going to end on 16 January 2012, due to its failure to meet quality expectations and for being too complex. In its absence, custom brick orders have had to be made via the Pick a Brick service. The closing of Design byME has not affected the ability of users to print custom instructions for their models.

On 21 January 2016, Lego announced the project had been defunded, and would not receive additional updates. However, in March 2016, a new updated version, 4.3.9, was uploaded. The latest version, 4.3.12 was uploaded in late 2019. As of 2024, Lego Digital Designer is unavailable to download from Lego's website, with its former page redirecting to the download page for BrickLink Studio.

A special version of Lego Digital Designer (Hollywood Edition) was used in the making of the Lego Movie franchise. The Hollywood Edition has also been used in the creation of Forza Horizon 4 - Lego Speed Champions.

References

Lego products
Computer-aided design software
China Academy of Space Technology. The China Academy of Space Technology (CAST) () is a Chinese space agency and subordinate of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC). The agency was founded on 20 February 1968, and is the main spacecraft development and production facility in China. On 24 April 1970, CAST successfully launched China's first artificial satellite Dong Fang Hong I.

Space flight programmes 
CAST designs and manufactures the Dong Fang Hong satellites.

U.S. sanctions 

CAST is the majority shareholder of listed company China Spacesat. On 30 June 2020, CAST owns 51.46% of China Spacesat Co. In August 2020, the United States Department of Defense published the names of companies linked to the People's Liberation Army operating directly or indirectly in the United States. China Spacesat Co. was included on the list. In November 2020, Donald Trump issued an executive order prohibiting any American company or individual from owning shares in companies that the United States Department of Defense has listed as having links to the People's Liberation Army, which included China Spacesat.

In August 2022, CAST's 502 and 513 Research Institutes were added to the United States Department of Commerce's Entity List.

References

External links 

 

Space program of the People's Republic of China
Research institutes in China
Research institutes established in 1968
1968 establishments in China
Arabian Cement Co.. The Arabian Cement Co. (ACC) is a Libyan company involved in production of cement, lime, gypsum and paper bags for cement packaging, and other construction related operations. It has a total production capacity of roughly 3.340 million tons per year (t/yr) and currently operates seven plants throughout Libya. The company's investment volume was estimated at Ld 180 million.

Background
Nationally, the cement sector in Libya is not a major economic actor. Nevertheless, on a sectoral level, the impact of the production of cement on the natural and social environment in Libya is important. ACC was formed as a state-owned company in 1988, resulting from a merger between the National Cement & Building Materials Establishment and the Souk El Khamis General Cement & Building Materials Corporation. Since then, cement manufacture in Libya has been the sole domain of two parastatals; the ACC and the Libyan Cement Co. In 1998, ACC operated four plants: El Mergeb with a 330,000-t/yr capacity, and Souk, El Khamis, and Lebda each with a 1-M/yr capacity. Production from the two companies satisfied most domestic demand, and minimal surplus was available for export; on average, capacity utilization was 50%. In 2001, the Libyan Government proposed a number of state company projects for which joint ventures would be considered. These included an expansion of ACC's cement plants in Libda and Zliten, valued at $242 million and $169 million respectively.

In February 2005, the initial public offering of shares in the formerly state-owned ACC resulted in the sale of 60% of the company for $273 million. Later that year, ACC proposed to build a second 1-Mt/yr-capacity cement production line at its Zliten plant.

It was the country's first IPO and the biggest sale of a government-owned business as Col. Muammar el-Qaddafi's government began stepping up efforts to attract private investment and open the economy after the lifting of international sanctions on Libya in 2004.

See also
Libyan Cement Company
Libyan Iron and Steel Company

Notes

References

J.M. Cowan (1994), The Hans Wehr Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic
Philip M. Mobbs (1998), The Mineral Industry of Libya
Philip M. Mobbs (2001), The Mineral Industry of Libya
Philip M. Mobbs (2005), Minerals Yearbook: Libya, USGS
Mukhtar M. Ashour (2004), Economics of seawater desalination in Libya  Tajora Research Center

Cement companies of Libya
Libyan companies established in 1988
1988 establishments in Libya
Libyan brands
SIA 7. The SIA 7B was a biplane reconnaissance-bomber built by the Società Italiana Aviazione and served with the Italian Corpo Aeronautico Militare and American Expeditionary Force in 1917.

Development
The engineers, Torretta and Carlo Maurilio Lerici of the Fiat company, designed the airplane as a "Jack of all trades", its speed, climbing power, and carrying capacity enabled it to be used as a bomber and racer. It was built in the workshops of the Societa Italiano Aviazione, a sister company to the famous motor-car firm F.I.A.T. of Turin. It used the standard Italian structural feature of a plywood-covered fuselage.

The SIA.7B was accepted for the Italian Air Force in November 1917 and entered mass production. There were however revealed its shortcomings, like low wing structure durability and poor view. Next variant SIA.7B2, developed in December 1917, had strengthened wings, slightly raised cockpits and stronger engine.  Another variant, built in February 1918, was the SIA 9 with stronger 700 hp engine. There were built 501 SIA.7B, 71 SIA.7B2 and 62 SIA.9B.

Operational history
The SIA.7 family aircraft were used for reconnaissance and bombing raids on Austro-Italian front. The SIA.7B2 entered service in March 1918. The SIA.9 managed to take part in World War I service as well. Because of unsatisfactory durability, from July 1918 SIA.7B and 7В2 were moved to training units.

In 1917, the Italian government sent a pair of SIA 7B-1 aircraft to the United States for evaluation under a plan to mass-produce established European designs. The 7B-1 was not put into production in the US but 19 were bought in Italy for use by A.E.F. units sent there.

Variants

SIA 7B1 main reconnaissance-bomber variant
SIA 7B2 improved reconnaissance-bomber variant
SIA R2 scout-bomber built in 1918, span 12.32 m (40 ft 5 in), length 8.75 M (28 ft 8 in), height 3.3 m (120 ft 10 in), speed 180 km/h (111.8 mph)
SIA 9B two-seat reconnaissance-bomber 700 hp (522 kW) Fiat A.14 engine

Operators

Corpo Aeronautico Militare

American Expeditionary Forces received 19 7B-1 in February 1917, used at Foggia, Italy.

Specifications (7B)

See also
 List of military aircraft of the United States

References

Further reading

External links

SIA.7(9) at Ugolok Neba 

1910s Italian military reconnaissance aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1917
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
HAZMAT Class 1 Explosives. Hazmat Class 1 are explosive materials which are any substance or article, including a device, which is designed to function by explosion or which, by chemical reaction within itself is able to function in a similar manner even if not designed to function by explosion.

Class 1 consists of six 'divisions', that describes the potential hazard posed by the explosive. The division number is the second number after the decimal point on a placard.
The classification has an additional layer, of categorization, known as 'compatibility groups', which breaks explosives in the same division into one of 13 groups, identified by a letter, which is used to separate incompatible explosives from each other. This letter also appears on the placard, following the number.

The movement of class 1 materials is tightly regulated, especially for divisions 1.1 and 1.2, which represent some of the most dangerous explosives, with the greatest potential for destruction and loss of life. Regulations in the United States require drivers have and follow a pre-prepared route, not park the vehicle within  of bridges, tunnels, a fire, or crowded places. The vehicle must be attended to by its driver at all times while its parked. Drivers are also required to carry the following paperwork and keep it in an accessible and easy to locate location: written emergency instructions, written route plan, a copy of Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations, Part 397 - Transport of Hazardous Materials; driving and parking rules.  Some tunnels and bridges severely restrict or completely forbid vehicles carrying Class 1 cargoes.

Divisions

Placards

Compatibility table

Transportation segregation table

Compatibility group table

See also
 Dangerous goods
 Explosive

Notes

References

Hazardous materials
Humanoid Robotics Project. The Humanoid Robotics Project (HRP) is a project for development of general domestic helper robots, sponsored by Japan's Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) and New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO), spearheaded by Kawada Industries and supported by the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) and Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Inc.  The HRP series also goes by the name Promet.  The HRP should not be confused with the HOAP series (Humanoid for Open Architecture Platform), which is manufactured by Fujitsu.

Features and technology 
The project started with three Honda P3 which were bought from Honda. And, the project developed them as the HRP-1 with original features, such as telecommand system.

An interesting feature HRP-2 has is the ability to stand up again after lying flat on the floor, either on its back or front—something Honda's ASIMO is not able to do.

AIST and Kawada Industries have also revealed the HRP-4 bipedal humanoid.  The HRP-4 stands 150 cm (5′) tall and weighs 39 kg (86 lbs).

Kawada Industries has also developed the NEXTAGE system, envisioned as a production robot that works alongside human workers.  The NEXTAGE not a biped but consists of a torso and arms on a fixed base.

Specifications 

Notes:
1. – For reference to compare with the HRP-1.
2. - The external appearances of HRP-2 and HRP-3 were designed by Yutaka Izubuchi.
3. – "C" means "Cybernetic Human".

References

Spec sheets 
 HRP-2P  - from Kawada Industries, Inc.
 HRP-2  - from Kawada Industries, Inc.
 HRP-3P  - from Kawada Industries, Inc.
 HRP-3  - from Kawada Industries, Inc.
 HRP-4  - from Kawada Industries, Inc.
 HTP-4  - from AIST

External links

 Kawada Industries, Inc. - Mechatronics  
 General Robotix, Inc (Internet Archive versions) 
 AIST Humanoid Robotics Group - academic side to the HRP project
 Press release about the HRP-4C 
 HRP-4 - The Bipedal Robot - Video demonstration

Robots of Japan
Humanoid robots
1990s robots
2000s robots
Ultrasound research interface. An ultrasound research interface (URI) is a software tool loaded onto a diagnostic clinical ultrasound device which provides functionality beyond typical clinical modes of operation. 

A normal clinical ultrasound user only has access to the ultrasound data in its final processed form, typically a B-Mode image, in DICOM format. For reasons of device usability they also have limited access to the processing parameters that can be modified.

A URI allows a researcher to achieve different results by either acquiring the image at various intervals through the processing chain, or changing the processing parameters.

Typical B-mode receive processing chain

A typical digital ultrasound processing chain for B-Mode imaging may look as follows:
Multiple analog signals are acquired from the ultrasound transducer (the transmitter/receiver applied to the patient)
Analog signals may pass through one or more analog notch filters and a variable-gain amplifier (VCA)
Multiple analog-to-digital converters convert the analog radio frequency (RF) signal to a digital RF signal sampled at a predetermined rate (typical ranges are from 20MHz to 160MHz) and at a predetermined number of bits (typical ranges are from 10 bits to 16 bits)
Beamforming is applied to individual RF signals by applying time delays and summations as a function of time and transformed into a single RF signal
The RF signal is run through one or more digital FIR or IIR filters to extract the most interesting parts of the signal given the clinical operation
The filtered RF signal runs through an envelope detector and is log compressed into a grayscale format

Multiple signals processed in this way are lined up together and interpolated and rasterized into a readable image.

Data access

A URI may provide data access at many different stages of the processing chain, these include:
Pre-beamformed digital RF data from individual channels
Beamformed RF data
Envelope detected data
Interpolated image data

Where many diagnostic ultrasound devices have Doppler imaging modes for measuring blood flow, the URI may also provide access to Doppler related signal data, which can include:
Demodulated (I/Q) data
FFT spectral data
Autocorrelated velocity color Doppler data

Tools

A URI may include many different tools for enabling the researcher to make better use of the device and the data captured, some of these tools include:
Custom MATLAB programs for reading and processing signal and image data
Software Development Kits (SDKs) for communicating with the URI, signal processing and other specialized modes of operation available on the URI

References

Ultrasound 
Medical ultrasonography
Medical physics
AARD code. The AARD code was a segment of code in a beta release of Microsoft Windows 3.1 that would issue a cryptic error message when run on the DR DOS operating system rather than the Microsoft-affiliated MS-DOS or PC DOS. Microsoft inserted the code in an attempt to manipulate people into not using competing operating systems; it is an example of the company's fear-uncertainty-doubt tactics.

Description 
This XOR-encrypted, self-modifying, and deliberately obfuscated x86 assembly code used a variety of undocumented MS-DOS structures and functions to detect if a machine was running DR DOS. The code was present in the installer, in the WIN.COM file used to load Windows, and in several other EXE and COM files within Windows 3.1.

The AARD code was discovered by Geoff Chappell on 17 April 1992 and further analyzed and documented in a joint research effort with Andrew Schulman. The name "AARD code" came from the letters "AARD" that were found in a hex dump of the Windows 3.1 installer; this turned out to be the signature of Microsoft programmer Aaron R. Reynolds (1955–2008). 

Microsoft disabled the AARD code for the final release of Windows 3.1, but did not remove it so it could be later reactivated by the change of a single byte.

DR DOS publisher Digital Research released a patch named "business update" in 1992 to bypass the AARD code.

Memos 
The rationale for the AARD code came to light when internal memos were released during the United States v. Microsoft Corp. antitrust case in 1999. Internal memos released by Microsoft revealed that the specific focus of these tests was DR DOS. At one point, Microsoft CEO Bill Gates sent a memo to a number of employees that said, "You never sent me a response on the question of what things an app would do that would make it run with MSDOS and not run with DR-DOS. Is there feature they have that might get in our way?" Microsoft Senior Vice President Brad Silverberg later sent another memo, saying, "What the [user] is supposed to do is feel uncomfortable, and when he has bugs, suspect that the problem is dr-dos and then go out to buy ms-dos."

After Novell bought DR DOS and renamed it "Novell DOS", Microsoft Co-President Jim Allchin wrote in a memo, "If you're going to kill someone there isn't much reason to get all worked up about it and angry. Any discussions beforehand are a waste of time. We need to smile at Novell while we pull the trigger."

Lawsuit and settlement 
Novell DOS changed hands again. The new owner, Caldera, Inc., began a lawsuit against Microsoft over the AARD code, Caldera v. Microsoft, which was later settled. It was originally believed that the settlement was around $150 million, but in November 2009, the settlement agreement was released, and the total was revealed to be $280 million.

See also 
 Bug compatibility
 Fear, uncertainty, and doubt (FUD)
 Halloween documents

Footnotes

References

Further reading 
 
 
  (Details and initial discovery)
  (Caldera v. Microsoft details)
  (Site with email excerpts from Microsoft and an example of tripping the AARD code (XMS error))

Windows components
Microsoft criticisms and controversies
LISP 2. LISP 2 was a programming language proposed in the 1960s as the successor to Lisp. It had largely Lisp-like semantics and Algol 60-like syntax. Today it is mostly remembered for its syntax, but in fact it had many features beyond those of early Lisps.

Early Lisps had many limitations, including limited data types and slow numerics. Its use of fully parenthesized notation was also considered a problem. The inventor of Lisp, John McCarthy, expected these issues to be addressed in a later version, called notionally Lisp 2. Hence the name Lisp 1.5 for the successor to the earliest Lisp.

Lisp 2 was a joint project of the System Development Corporation and Information International, Inc., and was intended for  the IBM built AN/FSQ-32 military computer. Development later shifted to the IBM 360/67 and the Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-6. The project was eventually abandoned.

Bibliography

References

External links
 LISP 2 section of History of LISP at Software Preservation Group
  Paul McJones. The LISP 2 Project. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, October-December 2017, pages 85-92.

Lisp programming language family
William Pinch. William "Bill" Wallace Pinch (August 15, 1940 – April 1, 2017) was a mineralogist from Rochester, New York.  The Mineralogical Association of Canada has an award named after him, the Pinch Medal, "to recognize major and sustained contributions to the advancement of mineralogy by members of the collector-dealer community."
The Pinch Medal has been awarded to a deserving mineralogist every other year since it was first awarded to Pinch in 2001, and is given at the Tucson Mineral Show in February.

Pinch was also a notable mineral collector. His collection was sold in 1989 to the Canadian Museum of Nature for $US 3.5 million, and will be documented in a book to be published in 2018.

The oxyhalide mineral pinchite was named in his honour.

In June 1993, when the film Jurassic Park premiered at Loew's Theater in Pittsford, New York, Mr. Pinch loaned many fossils of dinosaurs and plants, as well as the display cases for the lobby to help educate the public.

References

1940 births
2017 deaths
American mineralogists
American earth scientists
Scientists from Rochester, New York