omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
SPSS Inc.. SPSS Inc. was a software house headquartered in Chicago and incorporated in Delaware, most noted for the proprietary software of the same name SPSS. The company was started in 1968 when Norman Nie, Dale Bent, and Hadlai "Tex" Hull developed and started selling the SPSS software. The company was incorporated in 1975, and Nie was CEO from 1975 until 1992.  Jack Noonan was CEO from 1992 until the 2009 acquisition of SPSS Inc. by IBM.  In 2008 SPSS Inc. had sales of  and over 250,000 customers.

In addition to the software which shares its name, SPSS Inc. sold a wide range of software for market research, survey research and statistical analysis. These included AMOS (Before 2003, it was part of SmallWaters Corp.) for structural equation modeling, SamplePower for statistical power analysis, AnswerTree (decision tree software) used for market segmentation, SPSS Text Analysis for Surveys to code open-ended responses, Quantum for cross-tabulation, SPSS Modeler (previously known as Clementine or PASW Modeler) for data mining and mrInterview for CATI and online surveys.

SPSS had forged partnerships with several other high-profile companies such as Oracle Corporation and participates in a number of US government programs.
The company was challenged legally of artificially inflating their stock price in 2004.

IBM acquisition
On July 28, 2009, IBM announced it was acquiring SPSS Inc. for  in cash.  In January 2010, the company became "SPSS: An IBM Company". Complete transfer of business to IBM was done by October 1, 2010. By that date, SPSS: An IBM Company ceased to exist. IBM SPSS is now fully integrated into the IBM Corporation, and is one of two brands under IBM Software Group's Business Analytics Portfolio.

References

External links
IBM SPSS Homepage
Stock Market Commentary
Wall Street Journal article about IBM acquisition of SPSS, Inc.
History of SPSS Inc. from 1968 to 2003.

Software companies based in Illinois
Companies based in Chicago
IBM acquisitions
Former IBM subsidiaries
2009 mergers and acquisitions
Software companies established in 1968
1968 establishments in Illinois
Defunct software companies of the United States
Kentucky Space. Kentucky Space is a non-profit consortium of private and public universities, companies, and other organizations with the goal of designing and leading innovative space missions within realistic budgets and objectives. The enterprise is supported by the Kentucky Space Grant Consortium and developed out of the programs of the Kentucky Science and Technology Corporation.

Consortium

 Kentucky Science and Technology Corporation
 Kentucky Council on Postsecondary Education
 Kentucky Science and Engineering Foundation
 Kentucky Space Grant Consortium
 Belcan
 Morehead State University
 Murray State University
 University of Kentucky - Space Systems Laboratory
 University of Louisville
 Western Kentucky University
 Kentucky Community and Technical College System

Partners

 NASA Ames Research Center
 Kentucky Virtual Campus

Projects

 KySat-1, a CubeSat designed by Kentucky Space which defines a standard reusable bus and was intended to be used as part of a program intended to interest and involve school children in science. It was lost during a failure of the Taurus XL rocket during launch on March 4, 2011.
 Space Express 1, a suborbital solid-fuel rocket payload launched in 2007 from White Sands Missile Range.
 Balloon-1, a high-altitude balloon payload launched from Bowling Green, Kentucky on July 14, 2008.
 Space Express 2, an inertial measurement unit payload designed for a Garvey Spacecraft Corporation rocket.
 KySat-2, a CubeSat re-designed by Kentucky Space to fulfil the original mission of KySat-1. It was successfully launched and activated on November 19, 2013, aboard a Minotaur I

Asteroid mining

On August 4–6, 2008 a group of space professionals, entrepreneurs, venture capitalists and mining engineers gathered in Pleasant Hill, Kentucky to discuss the development of an asteroid resource development business strategy.  The discussion ranged from space technology, propulsion, and orbital mechanics to space law, markets, value proposition and financial plans.

See also

 List of space agencies

References

External links
 Official Site for Kentucky Space
 Official KSGC website
 Kentucky Science and Technology Corporation
 Space Systems Laboratory (University of Kentucky)



Non-profit organizations based in Kentucky
Space program of the United States
Michael J. Wendl. Michael John Wendl (born June 6, 1934) is an engineer who worked at the McDonnell-Douglas Corporation, mainly in the area of aerospace control. He is noted primarily as one of the early developers of terrain following technology and a proponent of incorporating energy management theory into the design of fighter aircraft. He won the Wright Brothers Medal in 1974 with Ralph Pruitt, Gordon G. Grose, and J. L. Porter for a paper discussing future aircraft designs that integrate fly-by-wire controls with engine inlets/nozzles and advanced pilot displays.

Biography
Wendl attended Washington University in St. Louis, graduating with BS in Electrical Engineering (EE) from the School of Engineering and Applied Science in 1958. He did his graduate work at the same institution under John Zaborszky, working as an instructor for physics and EE courses and completing a thesis on the control of servos for heated gases in 1961.

Wendl joined McDonnell Aircraft working in guidance and flight control systems, which at this time were topics experiencing rapid advancements. The company had expanded its efforts into a vigorous research and development program to support its aircraft and missile programs and Wendl's efforts focused on propulsion/control coupling, energy management, fly-by-wire controls, terrain following, and control augmentation. In 1968, he co-authored a paper documenting the development of vertical terrain-following capability based on the General Electric 666A actuator system as applied to fighter-bomber aircraft, in particular the F-4.

In the late 1960s, McDonnell was engaged in the fierce USAF F-X program competition for an aircraft that would counter the Soviet Mig-25. It was awarded the contract for what would become the F-15 Eagle in 1969. Wendl directed the fuel system design and development program and later contributed to various engineering refinements to subsequent models of the Eagle.

Wendl is of ethnic German heritage,
a cultural leader within the German-American community,  and is the father of Michael Christopher Wendl.

References 

American aerospace engineers
Living people
1934 births
American people of German descent
20th-century engineers
McKelvey School of Engineering alumni
Ralph Hazlett Upson. Ralph Hazlett Upson (June 21, 1888 – August 13, 1968) was a pioneer in the aviation field, holding Airship Pilot's Certificate #7, Balloon Pilot's Certificate #48 and Pilot's License #10290. Upson designed the world's only all-metal stressed-skin airship and contributed to aerospace technology research.
He won the 1913 International Balloon Race (with Ralph Preston).  He was the second individual to win the Wright Brothers Medal in 1929.

Biography
He was born in New York City on June 21, 1888, to Grace Hazlett, a physician, and William Ford Upson, a Wall Street attorney. His brother William Hazlett Upson was a noted author. Upson graduated from the Stevens Institute of Technology in 1910 and began work in the aeronautical office at the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company in Akron, Ohio. In the 1920s, he worked in the area of manned balloon flight at Goodyear. During World War I and immediately thereafter (1917-1921), Upson worked on the development of the US Navy's B, C, D, E, and F type airships and the US Army's AC and TC types. In 1920, he left Goodyear to work on development of a metalclad airship, becoming president (and chief engineer) of the Aircraft Development Corporation. The US Navy awarded a contract for one metalclad airship in 1928, and the next year Upson's concept of a duraluminum-skinned airship, the Detroit ZMC-2, launched from Detroit's Gross Ile Airport on 20 August 1929. The ZMC-2 remained in service until 1941, making 752 flights.

In the 1930s, Upson did consulting work for the US Navy, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, and taught aerodynamics at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. He also designed the Union Pacific Railroad's City of Salina, a streamlined train designed with aerodynamic considerations. During World War 2, Upson was head of the aeronautics department at the Heinz Company, a builder of plywood gliders.  He joined the staff of New York University in 1944 and moved in 1946 to the University of Minnesota, teaching aeronautical engineering until 1956. From 1956 to 1964, he was a research specialist at Boeing. Among his projects there was the aborted X-20 Dyna-Soar orbital space glider.

Upson had a heart attack while climbing Glacier Peak and died on August 13, 1968, at the age of 80 at Burien General Hospital in Burien, Washington.

References 

Members of the Early Birds of Aviation
American balloonists
Mountaineering deaths
University of Michigan faculty
1888 births
1968 deaths
Sports deaths in Washington (state)
TVR 390SE. The TVR 390SE is a sports car designed and built by TVR. It was introduced in October 1984. It featured many novelties not found in other 'Wedge' TVRs before and was also the most powerful one yet. It never received British Type Approval, so technically speaking the 390SE was just a 350i with special equipment fitted.

History
TVR Engineering worked with Andy Rouse, a Rover Tuning specialist to produce a blueprinted engine, turning out an extra , taking it to a claimed . The engine achieved these numbers by using some very interesting improvements such as an increased capacity of the engine to 3,905 cc, high lift camshafts, gas flowed cylinder heads with large valves and Cosworth machined pistons. A stronger clutch, limited slip differential and wider Yokohama tyres were fitted to help get the extra power down onto the road.

The styling of the car was also improved - or at any rate made more aggressive - with a deeper front air dam, and a rear under body aerofoil. Subsequent updating saw the bodyshell gain flared wheelarches and different sills. Ventilated front disc brakes and fifteen inch wheels were part of the package as well. A Series 2 car appeared in 1988 with the most obvious difference being a rounder nose.

Production of the modified Rover V8 was handled by different engineering companies throughout the car's life with most units being produced by North Coventry Kawasaki (NCK); which company was subsequently purchased by TVR to become their in-house engine division, TVR Power. About 100 390SEs were built.

Owing to the United Kingdom 'Type Approval' rules, it was not economical for TVR to homologate the small-volume 390SE as a separate model from their more common '350i' so the customer was invoiced for the car and engine work separately. Therefore most 390SEs are officially registered as 3.5 litre cars.

420SE

At the customer's request, further engine work could be performed taking the V8 to 4.2 L capacity - thus creating the '420SE' in the process, of which only seven were built in 1986 and 1987. These cars were development cars for the 4.2-litre V8 used in the later, wilder 420 SEAC. The SE, in addition to more restrained bodywork, also featured somewhat milder cams than did the SEAC. However, due to the development status and its being handbuilt, the specs of each 420SE built are likely to differ.

Specifications

References

390 SE
Sports cars
Rear-wheel-drive vehicles
Cars introduced in 1984
Cars discontinued in 1989
Stephen D. Levene. Stephen Levene is an American biophysicist and professor of bioengineering, molecular biology, and physics at the University of Texas at Dallas.

Early life and education
Levene was born in New York City and attended Horace Mann School and Andrew Hill High School in San Jose, California. He received his A.B. in Chemistry from Columbia University and his Ph.D. in Chemistry from Yale University. His doctoral work demonstrated and quantified the phenomenon of sequence-directed bending in DNA due to adenine-thymine tracts, and pioneered the use of Monte Carlo simulation to compute cyclization probabilities of DNA molecules having arbitrary preferred geometries. Upon leaving Yale, Levene became an American Cancer Society postdoctoral fellow at UC San Diego with Bruno Zimm, where he worked on the physical mechanism of gel electrophoresis.

Career

Research interests
Levene's research interests are broadly in the area of genome architecture and its maintenance by enzyme mechanisms and protein-DNA interactions. His work in this area began from the time he was a staff scientist at the Human Genome Center at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, when he collaborated with Nicholas Cozzarelli's group on the structure and properties of supercoiled DNA and DNA catenanes. Levene's group has made both experimental and theoretical/computational contributions to understanding DNA topology and its relationship to local DNA structures, DNA-loop formation, site-specific DNA recombination, the structure of human telomeres, and extrachromosomal-circular DNA.

References

American biophysicists
Columbia College (New York) alumni
Living people
University of Texas at Dallas faculty
Yale University alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Wright Eclipse Fusion. The Wright Eclipse Fusion was a low floor articulated single-decker bus body built on the Volvo B7LA chassis by Wrightbus. It was the articulated version of the Wright Eclipse, succeeding the Wright Fusion.

Of the 88 produced, the FirstGroup took delivery of 67 Wright Eclipse Fusions between 2000 and 2005, with the majority entering service with First Aberdeen, First West of England for services in Bath and First West Yorkshire for services in Bradford, with smaller fleets delivered to First Hampshire & Dorset and First Glasgow. The other 21 Fusions were delivered to Dublin Bus in 2000.

In October 2001, two Wright Eclipse Fusions were sent from First Hampshire & Dorset to First London's Greenford garage to operate a six-month trial on route 207. One was painted into First London's fleet livery during this period. No orders resulted from the trial and the Fusions were returned a year later.

The FirstGroup would later partner with Wrightbus in developing the Wright StreetCar, which is built on a modified version of the chassis used for the Eclipse Fusion. Most of the Eclipse Fusions are similar in appearance to its Wrightbus single deckers with the arched roof.

References

External links

Articulated buses
Low-floor buses
Vehicles introduced in 1998
Eclipse Fusion
School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Zhejiang University. School of Aeronautics and Astronautics (SAA) of Zhejiang University (Traditional Chinese: 浙江大學航空航天學院, Simplified Chinese: 浙江大学航空航天学院), is one of the university schools/colleges primarily focuses on space technology in the People's Republic of China.

Introduction

The history of this school can be traced back to 1936. In 1936, Zhejiang University founded a sub-department about aeronautical engineering under the Department of Mechanical Engineering.

1945, the physicist and educator Mr. FAN Xuqi (范绪箕) further foundered the Department of Aeronautical Engineering, and was pointed to the first director of the department. 

1952, the Adjustment of University Colleges & Departments (中國高校院系調整/中国高校院系调整) started, Mr. Fan was transferred to the newly established East China Aeronautical College (華東航空學院/华东航空学院), the Zhejiang University Department of Aeronautical Engineering was dissociated from the Zhejiang University and joined into the other universities and colleges. 1956, Fan became the vice-president of the Nanjing Aeronautical College (南京航空學院/南京航空学院), and in 1972, he was further transferred into Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), and then became the president of SJTU.

At the beginning of 2007, the Zhejaing University School (instead of a department previously) of Aeronautics and Astronautics was refounded.

Present

The school has three academicians from CAS/CAE. Current director is Mr.Shen Rongjun, who is an academician from CAE, and the Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Chinese Manned Spaceflight Program. Every year, about 50 undergraduate and 50 postgraduate students join into the school.

References

External links
 School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Zhejiang University (Homepage)

Schools and colleges of Zhejiang University
Aeronautical engineering schools
Universities and colleges established in 1936
1936 establishments in China
Niels Viggo Ussing. Niels Viggo Ussing (14 June 1864 – 23 July 1911), was a professor of Mineralogy, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. The mineral ussingite is named after this Professor.

References 
 Ussingite: Ussingite mineral information and data.
 Polytech Photos - Scientific photodatabase

External links 
 Beskrivelse til geologisk kort over Danmark, (i maalestok 1) By Niels Viggo Ussing, Victor Christian Madsen
 Niels Viggo Ussing - Pedigree Chart

1864 births
1911 deaths
Academic staff of the University of Copenhagen
Danish mineralogists
19th-century Danish geologists
Andrew McCulloch. Andrew McCulloch may refer to:

Andrew McCulloch (civil engineer) (1864–1945), Chief Engineer of the Kettle Valley Railway in Canada
Sir Andrew McCulloch (British Army officer) (1876–1960), commander of 52nd Lowland Division from 1934–1935
Andrew McCulloch (politician) (died 1908), Australian politician
Andrew McCulloch (drummer) (born 1945), English drummer
Andrew McCulloch (writer) (born 1945), British television writer and actor
Andrew McCulloch (footballer) (born 1950), English/Scottish footballer between 1970 and 1985
Paterson (automobile). The Paterson was a Brass Era/Vintage car built in Flint, Michigan from 1909 until 1923.

History 
Canadian-born William A. Paterson set up the W. A. Paterson Company in Flint in 1869 to make carriages, and by 1900 he was producing some 30,000 yearly. Even though he entered the automobile field later than many of his fellow carriage makers, he was totally committed to the enterprise, and manufactured a well-built automobile.  By 1910, he had completely stopped producing carriages.

The earliest Patersons were typical of motor buggies at the time, featuring a two-cylinder air-cooled engine, planetary transmission, double chain drive and solid rubber tires.  In 1910, the Paterson matured into a more refined automobile, with four-cylinder 30HP engines, shaft drive, and selective transmission.  Six-cylinder engines were introduced in 1915, and the four was dropped the following year.  For the remainder of its production run, Patersons featured Continental six-cylinder engines.

As with Cole in Indianapolis, Patersons enjoyed a high degree of owner loyalty.  There was also a widespread distribution network, with dealers in all 48 states.  After William Paterson died in 1921, his son, W. C. Paterson, and associate W. R. Hubbard had trouble running the company during the postwar depression. In July 1923, the two sold the company to Dallas Winslow, who was the Dodge dealer in Flint.  Winslow stated he would be hiring the engineering and production manager, E. C. Kollmorgen, to alter the Paterson in order to continue production, but he must have soon changed his mind and the Paterson Company was closed.

The Paterson Office Building still stands in Flint at the corner of Saginaw Street and Third Street.  The Paterson Building has been owned by the Collison Family for over 25 years and has been restored inside and out.

Gallery

See also 
 William A. Paterson
 The Paterson Building
 William A. Paterson Factory Complex
 1910 Paterson in Reliability Run - Detroit Public Library
 1910 Paterson sold at Bonhams
 1912 Paterson sold at Goodings

References 

Brass Era vehicles
Vintage vehicles
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States
Motor vehicle manufacturers based in Michigan
Defunct manufacturing companies based in Michigan
1900s cars
1910s cars
1920s cars
Cars introduced in 1910
Vehicle manufacturing companies disestablished in 1923
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1869
De-alerting. De-alerting introduces some reversible physical change(s) to nuclear weapons or weapon systems in order to lengthen the time required to use nuclear weapons in combat. Because thousands of strategic nuclear warheads mounted on ballistic missiles remain on high-alert, launch-ready status, capable of being launched in only a few minutes, de-alerting has been proposed as a means to reduce likelihood that these forces will be used deliberately or accidentally.

De-alerting can be used to rapidly implement existing nuclear arms control agreements ahead of schedule. Arms control agreements create a timetable to introduce irreversible changes to weapon systems (designed to reduce or eliminate the total numbers of these systems), but these changes generally occur incrementally over the course of a number of years.  De-alerting can quickly implement the entire range of negotiated reductions in a reversible fashion (which over time are then made irreversible), thereby bringing the benefits of the negotiated reductions into being much more rapidly.

It has been proposed that de-alerted nuclear weapon systems be classified into at least two categories or stages.  Stage I de-alerted weapons would require 24 hours to bring the weapon system back to high-alert status, and would preclude Launch-on-Warning capability and policy, thereby making impossible an accidental nuclear war caused by a false warning generated by early warning systems.

Examples of de-alerting
 Placing large, visible barriers on top of missile silo lids which would be difficult to rapidly remove and could be easily monitored by on-site observers or national technical means (satellites).
 Removing or altering firing switches of missiles to prevent rapid launch.
 Removing batteries, gyroscopes, or guidance mechanisms from rockets or re-entry vehicles.
 Removing warheads from missiles and storing them in a separate, monitored location. Technical means could be engineered to provide frequent checks that nuclear missiles posed no immediate threat.

Limitations

De-alerting may require negotiations and verification procedures in order to accomplish symmetrical force reductions on both sides. However, de-alerting can occur rapidly if sufficient political will exists, e.g., in 1991, the Bush and Gorbachev Presidential Nuclear Initiatives resulted in the de-alerting of US and Soviet strategic bombers and the storage of their nuclear weapons, as well as the early retirement of 503 ICBMs, including 134 with multiple warheads scheduled for elimination under START I.  The process eventually led to a reduction of 17,000 deployed tactical nuclear weapons, the deepest reductions in nuclear arsenals to date.

See also
 Prompt launch

References

Nuclear weapons
Nuclear warfare