omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Amroy Europe. Amroy Europe, Ltd. (natively: Amroy Europe Oy) was a Finnish company that developed and manufactured composite resins, carbon nanoepoxy resins, bioresins and special pastes. It was headquartered in Lahti, Finland.

The main products were Hybtonite, composite resin reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNT), and Epobiox, liquid epoxy system which is 70% made from natural oils.

History 

The roots of the company were in Nanoscience Center of the University of Jyväskylä.
In 2004, professor Jorma Virtanen and nanoscientist Pasi Keinänen developed a method to bond carbon nanotubes with resins utilizing strong covalent bonds. This resulted in development of Hybtonite.

Nanolab Systems Oy was established by the researchers. Their main focus area was nano particle synthesis technology and instruments for drug research.

Amroy Europe was established in 2005 as spin-off of Nanolab Systems Oy.

First commercial product using Hybtonite was hockey stick "Nitro" by Montreal Sports Oy. It was voted number one Nano product in the world at the Nanotechnology 2006 show in Tokyo, Japan.

In December 2009, Amroy Europe received Frost & Sullivan European Technology Innovation Award for its work on hybtonite.

Partners 

Amroy Europe used carbon nanotubes manufactured by Bayer.

In addition to Amroy Europe's own production, Hybtonite is manufactured under license in China.

Hybtonite is used for small size wind turbine blades by Eagle Windpower (Finland), and for large size windmill blades by Evergreen (China) and LM Glassfiber (Denmark).

One of the main application areas for Hybtonite is sports gear. Some examples of the manufacturers are Montreal Sports Oy (hockey sticks), Peltonen Sports (cross-country skis and roller skis),
Karhu Sports (baseball bats), Easton (hunting arrows), Entropy Surfboards (surfboards), and Sport Lettmann (kayaks).

In marine applications, Hybtonite is used for laminating and for marine paints. Some of the users are Baltic Yachts and Cathay Yachts.

References 

Nanotechnology companies
Chemical companies of Finland
Chemical companies established in 2005
Defunct manufacturing companies of Finland
Finnish companies established in 2005
Lahti
Synthetic resins
Technology companies established in 2005
Technology companies disestablished in 2016
Technology companies of Finland
Alan Muntz. Frederick Alan Irving Muntz BA FRAeS (7 June 1899 – 7 March 1985) was a British consulting aeronautical engineer.

Early years
Alan Muntz was the son of Major Irving Muntz and Jessie Challoner. He was educated at Winchester College and Trinity College, Cambridge, gaining a BA in  Mechanical Sciences. In 1918, during World War I, he served in France as a 2nd Lieutenant with the 432nd Field Company, Royal Engineers. In 1927, he learned to fly in an Avro 548 of the Henderson School of Flying at Brooklands aerodrome.

Professional life
In 1928, Muntz co-founded Airwork Ltd with Nigel Norman. In 1929, the company opened Heston Aerodrome that was active in private, commercial and military aviation until its closure in 1947. In the same period, architect Graham Dawbarn joined the pair to form an airport consultancy firm called Norman, Muntz & Dawbarn In 1932, he co-founded Misr Airwork SAE, with Talaat Harb Pasha, Banque Misr, Cairo. In 1933, he helped R.E. Grant Govan to found Indian National Airways Ltd. In 1937, he founded Alan Muntz & Co. Ltd to develop the Pescara free-piston engine system and other inventions.

During World War II, Alan Muntz & Co was involved in many projects, including Turbinlite. Alan Muntz & Co, and its aircraft consultant L.E. Baynes, was responsible for the design and development of the Youngman-Baynes High Lift aircraft that first flew in 1948.

Family life
In 1923, Alan Muntz married Mary Lee Harnett, daughters Scilla I. Muntz (born 1925) and Jasmine M.I. Muntz (born 1927), son Colin Lee Irving Muntz (23 March 1929 – 25 April 1953). In 1934, he married Lady Margaret Frances Anne Vane-Tempest-Stewart (1910–1966), daughter of Charles Stewart Henry Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 7th Marquess of Londonderry. In 1948, he married Marjorie Mary Helena Strickland.

Notes

References
Meaden, Jack. Autumn 2007. "The Youngman-Baynes Flap" Air-Britain Archive (journal). UK: Air-Britain. p. 2007/111.
Sherwood, Tim. 1999. Coming in to Land: A Short History of Hounslow, Hanworth and Heston Aerodromes 1911–1946. Heritage Publications (Hounslow Library) 

1899 births
1985 deaths
People educated at Winchester College
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
English aerospace engineers
Fellows of the Royal Aeronautical Society
Euroméditerranée. Euroméditerranée () is an urban renewal project underway in Marseille to create a ecodistrict in the neighbourhood of La Joliette.

The project was launched in 1995 with the initiative of Mayor Robert Vigouroux and the State. The agreement for the establishment of a public agency of development was signed in 1994, working on an area of 310 hectares.
Since 2007, Euroméditerranée Act 2 has extended the scope to 170 new hectares north. This project is funded by the European Union, the State, the Regional Council, the Departmental Council, the urban community and the City of Marseille.

The Euroméditerranée eco-district is home to the Thassalia project, Europe’s first geothermal marine power station, which uses the waters of the Mediterranean to cool buildings in the summer and warm them in the winter.

Among the achievements of Euroméditerranée figure: the Docks renovation into offices, the renovation of the silo into a theater, the renovation of the Rue de la République, the construction of the CMA CGM Tower (33 floors, 147 metres). The budget of the project amounts to €7 billion investment, of which €5 billion of private investment.

References

2nd arrondissement of Marseille
Geography of Marseille
Economy of Marseille
Buildings and structures in Marseille
Financial districts in France
Orchidée. Orchidée is software developed by IRCAM as a computer-aided orchestration tool.

It is a MATLAB-based application that communicates with traditional computer-aided composition environments through Open Sound Control messages. This means that it can be effectively controlled from programs like Max/MSP or OpenMusic. It was developed by Grégoire Carpentier and Damien Tardieu during their PhD studies at IRCAM, with the help and supervision of composer .

A recent example of its use for orchestral composition were in Jonathan Harvey's Speakings, premiered in 2008, in which speech was analyzed and computed to provide orchestral combinations for the composer. Given an input target sound, Orchidée creates a musical score which imitates the sound using a mixture of traditional instruments. It then searches within a large instrument sample database for combinations of sounds that perceptually match the target. The application takes into account complex combinatorial possibilities, considering virtually infinite sets of different sounds created by the orchestra. It also considers musical attributes such as instruments and dynamics, and perceptual attributes as brightness and roughness. For example, in Speakings, a mantra ("Oh/Ah/Hum") was analyzed and imputed into Orchidée, which in turn generated different possibilities for orchestration. This mantra was then developed throughout the piece using such possibilities.

Other musical works using Orchidée:

 Daniel Fígols Cuevas, Kaala, 2012, CNSMDP, Paris
 Marc Garcia Vitoria, Mimesis, 2011, Paris
 Alec Hall, Striped Noise, New York, 2011
 Javier Torres Maldonado, Un posible dia, Paris, 2011
 Marc Garcia Vitoria, The P Extensions, 2010, Geneva
 Christopher Trapani, Cognitive Consonance, Le 104, 2010, Paris
 Christopher Trapani, Westering, Carnegie Hall, New York, 2010
 Marco Suarez Cifuentes, Poetry for //dark-/ dolls, 2009, IRCAM, Paris
 Fernando Villanueva Carretero, Bukowski Madrigals, 2009, IRCAM, Paris
 Kenji Sakai, Astral/Chromoprojection, 2009, IRCAM, Paris
 Gérard Buquet, L'Astre échevelée, 2009, IRCAM, Paris
 Miguel Farías, Mambo Lines, 2011, Geneva

See also
 List of music software

References

External links
 
 "Chance Music with Jonathan Harvey", interview by Bob Shingleton. Future Radio, 5 September 2010.

Audio programming languages
Music notation file formats
Music software
Sinosol. The Sinosol Group is an international project developer and provider of solar power plants, as well as a supplier of photovoltaic (PV) systems. It has experience and expertise in engineering, procurement, and the construction of many international PV projects. Sinosol projects have included a 15 MW solar power plant in Spain, a 1 MW thin film solar plant in France and a 7.4 MW plant in Germany.

See also
Photovoltaic power stations

References

Solar energy companies
Haem peroxidase. Haem peroxidases (or heme peroxidases) are haem-containing enzymes that use hydrogen peroxide as the electron acceptor to catalyse a number of oxidative reactions. Most haem peroxidases follow the reaction scheme:

 Fe3+ + H2O2  [Fe4+=O]R' (Compound I) + H2O

 [Fe4+=O]R' + substrate --> [Fe4+=O]R (Compound II) + oxidized substrate

 [Fe4+=O]R + substrate --> Fe3+ + H2O + oxidized substrate

In this mechanism, the enzyme reacts with one equivalent of H2O2 to give [Fe4+=O]R' (compound I). This is a two-electron oxidation/reduction reaction in which H2O2 is reduced to water, and the enzyme is oxidized. One oxidizing equivalent resides on iron, giving the oxyferryl intermediate, and in many peroxidases the porphyrin (R) is oxidized to the porphyrin pi-cation radical (R'). Compound I then oxidizes an organic substrate to give a substrate radical and Compound II, which can then oxidize a second substrate molecule.

Haem peroxidases include two superfamilies: one found in bacteria, fungi, and plants, and the second found in animals. The first one can be viewed as consisting of 3 major classes:

Class I, the intracellular peroxidases, includes: cytochrome c peroxidase (CCP), a soluble protein found in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, where it probably protects against toxic peroxides; ascorbate peroxidase (AP), the main enzyme responsible for hydrogen peroxide removal in chloroplasts and cytosol of higher plants; and bacterial catalase- peroxidases, exhibiting both peroxidase and catalase activities. It is thought that catalase-peroxidase provides protection to cells under oxidative stress.
Class II consists of secretory fungal peroxidases: ligninases, or lignin peroxidases (LiPs), and manganese-dependent peroxidases (MnPs). These are monomeric glycoproteins involved in the degradation of lignin. In MnP, Mn2+ serves as the reducing substrate. Class II proteins contain four conserved disulphide bridges and two conserved calcium-binding sites.
Class III consists of the secretory plant peroxidases, which have multiple tissue-specific functions: e.g., removal of hydrogen peroxide from chloroplasts and cytosol; oxidation of toxic compounds; biosynthesis of the cell wall; defence responses towards wounding; indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) catabolism; ethylene biosynthesis; and so on. Class III proteins are also monomeric glycoproteins, containing four conserved disulphide bridges and two calcium ions, although the placement of the disulphides differs from class II enzymes.

The crystal structures of a number of these proteins show that they share the same architecture - two all-alpha domains between which the haem group is embedded.

Another family of haem peroxidases is the DyP-type peroxidase family.

References

Protein domains

Hemoproteins
Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans is a bacterium that sustains its life cycle at extremely low pH values, and it is one of the very few organisms that gain energy from oxidating ferrous iron (Fe +II). It can make copper from ores water-soluble, and it can sequester both carbon and nitrogen from the atmosphere.

A. ferrooxidans the best-studied of the acidophilic bacteria. During mining activities, the bacterium plays a crucial role in producing harmful acidic and metal-rich drainage water through the dissolution of sulfide minerals, but it also recovers precious dissolved metals.

The gram-negative bacterium grows best at 30 °C at pH 2 and Fe 2+ concentrations of 10−1 M, but growth still occurs at pH values of less than 1.

Genetics 
The ATCC 23270 type strain has one circular chromosome of 2.9 million base pairs and a G+C content of 59%. Genome sequencing has shown 2070 genes that code for a protein with a known function, while 1147 hypothetical proteins have been found. The bacterium contains a gene that makes it toluene-resistant. Genes for chemotaxis and locomotion (flagella) have not been observed.

See also 
 Acidophiles in acid mine drainage

References

Further reading 

Acidophiles
Visual Studio Lab Management. Visual Studio Lab Management is a software development tool developed by Microsoft for software testers to create and manage virtual environments. Lab Management extends the existing Visual Studio Application Lifecycle Management platform to enable an integrated Hyper-V based test lab.
Since Visual Studio 2012, it is already shipped as a part of it; and, can be set up after Azure DevOps and SCVMM are integrated.

Virtual Environment
A virtual environment is a collection of virtual machines (VMs). Each Virtual Machine in a virtual environment represents a role required for the application that is to be tested, developed or run. 
Lab Management can be used to start all the virtual machines in a virtual environment to run an application, or test an application. Lab Management uses System Center Virtual Machine Manager (SCVMM) to allow access to virtual machines or templates in a library as golden masters. These golden masters are created by using either Hyper-V or SCVMM. SCVMM is used to deploy the virtual machines and templates in the environments on the specified host group.

Using Lab Management for application lifecycle management
Visual Studio Lab Management is integrated with System Center Virtual Machine Manager (SCVMM) to enable management of multiple physical computers that host virtual machines and to manage the storage of virtual machines, virtual machine templates, and other configuration files in SCVMM library servers. It enables users to:
 Reproduce the exact conditions of a bug or other development issue
 Build, deploy, and test applications automatically in a clean environment
 Reduce the time required to create and configure machines for testing an application
 Run multiple copies of a test or development at the same time
 Create and manage virtual environments without requiring system administrator privileges

References

External links 
 Visual Studio 2010 Lab management
 Configuring and administering lab management 

2005 software
2008 software
2010 software
Bug and issue tracking software
Build automation
Microsoft server technology
Lab Management
Proprietary version control systems
Unit testing frameworks
C. V. Seshadri. Dr. Chetput Venkatasubban Seshadri (14 April 1930 – 17 September 1995) was a distinguished Indian chemical engineer who was chair of chemical engineering at IIT Kanpur. IIT Kanpur today has an endowed chair named for him, the C. V. Seshadri Professorship.

Career 
He received his PhD from Carnegie Mellon University, and was then at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology as a postdoctoral research associate. He started his independent academic career as an assistant professor of IIT Kanpur in 1965. Later he became a professor and finally the head of the Chemical Engineering Department of IITK. He also served as the dean of students' affairs at IITK.

He was the founding director of the Shri AMM Murugappa Chettiar Research Centre. During his tenure as a director, this Research Center won Jamnalal Bajaj Award for Application of Science and Technology for Rural Development in 1981.

In 2008, the C. V. Seshadri chair of professorship was instituted at the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur. Prof. Yogesh M. Joshi is the present occupant of this chair.

Family 
He was a Calamur: brother to C. V. Ranganathan and C. V. Karthik Narayanan, brother-in-law to M. R. Srinivasan, cousin to Aryama Sundaram, Nanditha Krishna, and C. V. Karthikeyan, nephew of C. R. Pattabhiraman, grandson of Sir C. P. Ramaswami Iyer, grandnephew of Sir C.V. Kumaraswami Sastri and C.V. Viswanatha Sastri, and great-great-great-grandson of C. V. Runganada Sastri. Extended uncles include Shankaracharya Bharati Krishna Tirthaji, and C. Sivaramamurti.

References

External links
 Shri A M M Murugappa Chettiar Research Centre, Chennai

Kanpur
Carnegie Mellon University alumni
1995 deaths
1930 births
Indian chemical engineers
Academic staff of IIT Kanpur
ARM Cortex-A8. The ARM Cortex-A8 is a 32-bit processor core licensed by ARM Holdings implementing the ARMv7-A architecture.

Compared to the ARM11, the Cortex-A8 is a dual-issue superscalar design, achieving roughly twice the instructions per cycle. The Cortex-A8 was the first Cortex design to be adopted on a large scale in consumer devices.

Features

Key features of the Cortex-A8 core are:
 Frequency from 600 MHz to 1 GHz and above
 Superscalar dual-issue microarchitecture
 NEON SIMD instruction set extension  
 13-stage integer pipeline and 10-stage NEON pipeline 
 VFPv3 floating-point unit
 Thumb-2 instruction set encoding
 Jazelle RCT (also known as ThumbEE instruction set)
 Advanced branch prediction unit with >95% accuracy
 Integrated level 2 Cache (0–4 MiB)
 2.0 DMIPS/MHz

Chips
Several system-on-chips (SoC) have implemented the Cortex-A8 core, including:
 Allwinner A1X
 Apple A4
 Freescale Semiconductor  i.MX51 
 Rockchip RK2918, RK2906 
 Samsung Exynos 3110
 TI OMAP3
 TI Sitara ARM Processors
 Conexant CX92755

See also

 ARM architecture
 Comparison of ARMv7-A cores
 JTAG
 List of applications of ARM cores
 List of ARM cores

References

External links
ARM Holdings
 
 ARM Cortex-A8 Technical Reference Manuals

ARM processors
ARM Holdings IP cores
IFSTTAR. The French Institute of Science and Technology for Transport, Development and Networks (, IFSTTAR) is a public research institution (a Public Scientific and Technical Research Establishment) created in 2011. It results from the merger of The French National Institute for Transport and Safety Research (INRETS) and the French Central Laboratory of Roads and Bridges (LCPC). 

The IFSTTAR is an associate member of University of Paris-Est and Université Lille Nord de France.

Sites 
 Lille-Villeneuve d'Ascq
 Paris
 Marne-la-Vallée
 Versailles-Satory
 Nantes
 Lyon-Bron
 Marseille-Salon de Provence

Notes and references

External links
Official website

Research institutes in France
Gustave Eiffel University
North Ocean Shipping Co. Ltd. v Hyundai Construction Co., Ltd.. North Ocean Shipping Co. Ltd. v Hyundai Construction Co., Ltd. [1979] QB 705 is an English contract law case relating to duress.

Facts
Hyundai were shipbuilders who entered into a contract dated 10 April 1972 with North Ocean Shipping to build an oil tanker named the "Atlantic Baron". The price for constructing the ship was payable in five instalments, and the builders had agreed to a reverse letter of credit, for repayment of installments in the event of default on the construction. In 1973, after the first instalment was paid, the US dollar was devalued. Hyundai said they would not deliver unless the price was increased by ten per cent. North Ocean was worried they would lose a favourable charter with Shell. They said they would pay the extra money in a telex message on 28 June 1973 because they wished "to maintain an amicable relationship and without prejudice to our rights". North Ocean also asked for the letter of credit to contain a corresponding increase, and this was done.

The ship was subsequently delivered to North Ocean on 27 November 1974, and later on 30 July 1975 they first referred the matter to legal action, initially via arbitration. The arbitrators found in favour of Hyundai but referred a question on recovery of sums paid to the High Court.

Judgment
Mocatta J held that "preserving amicable relations" was not good consideration, but that increasing the letter of credit price was good consideration. He then asked if the whole agreement was procured by duress for the threat to break the original agreement. He noted ‘the best known case’ of Maskell v Horner, and also Skeate v Beale, where Lord Denman CJ said an agreement was not void because it was made under duress of goods, but noted that older cases do not deal with what happens when the threat is to breach a contract. He decided that there was such a thing as economic duress, a threat to break a contract is one form and if it led to a contract for valuable consideration ‘I think that contract is a voidable one which can be avoided and the excess money paid under it recovered.’ The agreement here was caused by ‘economic duress’. ‘The owners made a very reasonable offer of arbitration coupled with security for any award in the yard’s favour that might be made, but this was refused… I do not consider the yard’s ignorance of the Shell charter material. It may well be that had they known of it they would have been even more exigent.’ However, because of the 8 month delay in bringing the case to court, economic duress could not be found in this case: 'the action and inaction of the owners can only be regarded as an affirmation of the variation.'

See also

English contract law
Lloyds Bank Ltd. v. Bundy [1975] QB 326
Williams v. Walker-Thomas Furniture Co. 350 F.2d 445 (C.A. D.C. 1965)
Atlas Express Ltd v Kafco [1989] QB 833

References

English unconscionability case law
English duress case law
High Court of Justice cases
1979 in United Kingdom case law
Hyundai
Allan Trewby. Vice Admiral Sir (George Francis) Allan Trewby KCB (8 July 1917 – 23 July 2001) was a Royal Navy officer who ended his career as Chief of Fleet Support.

Naval career
Born the eldest son of Vice Admiral George Trewby and educated at the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, Trewby joined the Royal Navy as a cadet in 1931 and chose to specialize in engineering. He served in World War II on the battleship  which was damaged by a German mine, on the battleship  during the Allied landings in North Africa and on the cruiser  during the Allied landings in Sicily, Italy, and the south of France. He was mentioned in dispatches for his service on HMS Dido.

In 1954 was the winner of the Akroyd Stuart Award from the Institute of Marine Engineering. After serving at sea during the Suez Crisis in 1956, he was appointed Director of Engineering at the Royal Naval Engineering College. He was appointed Commander of the training establishment  in 1963 and Captain of HM Naval Base Portland in 1966. Promoted Rear Admiral in 1968, he became Assistant Controller for the Polaris Programme at the Ministry of Defence in 1968, and following promotion to vice admiral, was made Chief of Fleet Support in 1971; he retired in 1974.

In retirement Trewby joined Foster Wheeler in Reading.

Family
In 1942 he married Sandra Stedham; they had two sons. Lady Treby died in 2017.

References

1917 births
2001 deaths
Royal Navy vice admirals
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
South African emigrants to the United Kingdom