omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
ICA IS-29. The ICA IS-29 was a sailplane built in Romania in the 1970s. The prefix IS comes from Iosif Șilimon, the Romanian IAR (Industria Aeronautică Română) aeronautical engineer who designed it.

Design and development
The 15-metre (49ft 3in) single-seat variant of the IS-28 series, the IS-29D2 single-seater has retractable gear, camber-changing flaps and Hütter-type airbrakes on the upper wing surface only. The T-tail has a fixed stabilizer and elevator. The –29D model is of all-metal construction while the earlier –29B has wooden wings. Developments include 19 metre (62 ft) -29E2 and 20 metre (66 ft) -29E3 versions and a flapless, fixed gear 16.5-metre (54 feet) ‘club’ model -29G.

The IS-29 was also produced in a motorglider version, designated the IS-29EM. This shared the low-set wings and three-point undercarriage of the IS-28M2, and the new wings of the IS-28MA.

Variants
 IS-29
 IS-29B - wooden wings of 15-metre span
 IS-29D
 IS-29D2
 IS-29D2 Club - Club-class version of IS-29D2
 IS-29E - open class version with ballast tanks
 IS-29E2 - version with 19-metre wings
 IS-29E3 - version with 20-metre wings
 IS-29EM - motorglider version
 IS-29G - Club-class version with 16.5-metre wings
 IS-31 - IS-29 with 20-metre wings and linked flaps and ailerons
 IS-33 - IS-29 with tanks for 150 kg (300 lb) of water ballast

Specifications (IS-29D2)

See also

Notes

Citations

Bibliography
 Soaring Society of America
 
 
 
 
 

1970s Romanian sailplanes
ICA aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1970
T-tail aircraft
Shoulder-wing aircraft
Donald Hill. Donald Routledge Hill (6 August 1922 – 30 May 1994) was a British engineer and historian of science and technology best known for his translation of The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices of the Muslim engineer Ismail al-Jazari.

Life and work 
Born in London, after secondary school Hill served in the British army, in the Royal Engineers from 1941 to 1946. Two years he served in the Eighth Army in North Africa until he was wounded in action in Italy. Back in England he studied Engineering at the London University, obtaining his engineering degree in 1949. In 1964 he obtained his M.Litt in Islamic History at the University of Durham, and in 1970 his PhD from the University of London.

Late 1940s Hill started his career working for the Iraq Petroleum Company in Lebanon, Syria and Qatar. Back in England he worked for several petrochemical companies until his retirement in 1984.

Alongside more general works on the history of technology, Hill wrote works on the history of science and technology in the medieval Islamic world and translated The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices of Ismail al-Jazari.

Selected publications 
Books
 Hill, Donald Routledge (1984). A History of Engineering in Classical and Medieval Times, London: Croom Helm & La Salle, Illinois: Open Court, 1984. .
 al-Hassan, Ahmad Y., & Hill, Donald R. (1986). Islamic technology: An illustrated history, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press/UNESCO. .
 
 Hill, Donald Routledge (1976). On The Construction of Water-Clocks — Kitab Arshimidas Fi'amal Al-Binkamat, London: Turner & Devereux Occasional Paper No. 4.
 Ibn Ismail Ibn al-Razzaz Al-Jazari & Hill, Donald Routledge (ed. & transl.) (1988), The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices: Kitáb fí ma'rifat al-hiyal al-handasiyya, Islamabad: Pakistan Hijara Council. .
 Banū Mūsā & Hill, Donald Routledge (ed. & transl.) (1989), The Book of Ingenious Devices , Islamabad: Pakistan Hijara Council.

Articles, a selection
 Hill, Donald R (1993). Science and Technology in Ninth Century Baghdad, in Science in Western and Eastern Civilization in Carolongian Times, ed. P. L. Bouzer and D. Lohrmann; Birkhäuser; Boston.

References

External links 

1922 births
1994 deaths
20th-century English historians
British historians of science
Historians of technology
Alumni of the University of London
Engineers from London
Alumni of St Cuthbert's Society, Durham
British Army personnel of World War II
British expatriates in Lebanon
British expatriates in Syria
British expatriates in Qatar
Video router. A video router, also known as a video matrix switch or SDI router, is an electronic switch designed to route video signals from multiple input sources such as cameras, VT/DDR, computers and DVD players, to one or more display devices, such as monitors, projectors, and TVs.

Inputs and outputs 

The number of inputs and outputs varies dramatically. Routers are normally described by number of inputs by number of outputs e.g. 2x1, 256x256, 576x1152.
Some video routers, by the use of additional drop-in cards, allow the system to be expanded for more inputs or outputs, or to support other formats.

Signals 

The signal format that the router transports can be anything from analogue composite video using PAL and NTSC. Also multi-format routers can route more than one Digital video signal format, serial digital interface (SDI), HD-SDI, component video.  Some routers have the ability to internally convert digital to analog and analog to digital.
For HD Video, HDMI Matrix switch can be used to switch any HDMI source to any connected HDTV using a HDMI connection.

More recent developments have allowed audio embedding and de-embedding within the router, this allows for audio to be routed along with video.

Crosspoints 

Because any of the sources can be routed to any destination, the internal arrangement of the router is arranged as a number of crosspoints which can be activated to pass the corresponding source signal to the desired destination. This architecture has guaranteed bandwidth and is non-blocking.

Crosspoints can also be switched in the vertical interval to avoid losing picture information, for this the router would need to be genlocked to either black and burst or tri-level sync.

Control

Many types of broadcast automation systems can be used to control a video router via IP or serial communications such as RS-422. Video routers can also be controlled by other types of user interfaces, including front panel buttons, IR remote control, or application software running on a PC.

Future prospects
With the advent of 4K/UHD TV, the traditional 'baseband' video router has become something of a victim to the data rates. UHD TV requires 3840x2160P @ 50 Hz or 60 Hz. Traditional crosspoint based devices have therefore been reduced in size by a factor of 4 as the UHD signal is split into 4x1080P@50 Hz/60 Hz 3 Gb/s streams. A few smaller manufacturers (Blackmagic Design, Utah Scientific, Ross Video, PESA) have taken on 12 Gb/s routing over copper coax cable and fiber. Although their router sizes cannot compete with the ~576x1152 size of HD routers, and the distance achievable on copper is somewhat limited. This may mean that baseband architectures start to migrate over to IP based infrastructures. Where UHD TV can be transmitted (albeit compressed) over a single 10 Gb/s link using IT hardware.

Manufacturers

Ampex
Blackmagic Design
Evertz Microsystems
Imagine Communications
Pulse-Eight
Sony
Thomson Grass Valley

References

See also
Audio router
Vision mixer

Television technology
Television terminology
Ciaran Gultnieks. Ciaran Eugene Gultnieks (born 1970) is a British computer game programmer, whose projects include Star Wars (1988, for home computers), Dogfight (1993), Slipstream 5000 (1995) and Hardwar (1998) for the PC. He is the founder of F-Droid and contributes to the microblogging platform GNU social.

Biography
Gultnieks was the first employee at Vektor Grafix, later moving on to work for Microprose and Spectrum Holobyte. In 1993, he co-founded development house The Software Refinery, which closed in 2002. In recent years he has contributed to various open source software projects. In 2010, he founded the F-Droid software repository, a catalogue of FOSS applications for the Android platform.

Works
He is credited on the following games:

Star Wars (1987), Domark
Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back (1988), Domark
Fighter Bomber/Strike Aces (1989), Activision
Killing Cloud, The (1991) Image Works
Dogfight/Air Duel: 80 Years of Dogfighting (1993), Microprose
Slipstream 5000 (1995), Gremlin Interactive
Hardwar (1998), Gremlin Interactive

References

External links
Personal home page

British computer programmers
British video game programmers
Living people
1970 births
Date of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
List of Standard Networks products. This list of Standard Networks products includes all major standalone services and programs created by Standard Networks, a Madison, Wisconsin-based software company founded in 1989  and acquired by Ipswitch, Inc. in 2008. All products listed are well into their gold releases. This list also includes previous products that are no longer being actively developed.

Client Applications

Secure File Transfer

Terminal Emulation

Server Applications

Secure File Transfer

Previous Projects

References

Computing-related lists
Benshaw. Benshaw is a company that specializes in solid state reduced voltage electric motor controls, motor protection and variable frequency drives.  Benshaw manufactures and engineers motor controls from 208 V through 15 kV, with horsepower ranges from fractional to .

History 

Benshaw was incorporated in 1974 as a small sideline for four men: Bob Schaltenbrand, Rich Benko, Pramodh Nijawan and Louis Posa.  The name "Benshaw" came from Benko and Schaltenbrand.  The men planned to work part-time until the company was able to financially support each of them.  During its early years, most of the company's efforts were in panel manufacturing and sub-assembly.  After a time, the men parted ways following different career paths.  Benshaw Inc. was left to Bob Schaltenbrand alone.

Bob Schaltenbrand worked for a number of companies, but was unfulfilled and had ideas of his own.  In 1979 Bob and Sandy Schaltenbrand were approached by Saftronics Ltd. in Canada to start Saftronics Inc. in the United States.  The Schaltenbrands would own 40% of the company and operate the motor control manufacturing company in the United States.  Within a year, the operation was moved out of their home and a couple of employees were hired.  Operational and technical problems arose which ended the Schaltenbrand-Saftronics business relationship.

In 1983 Bob Schaltenbrand revitalized Benshaw, Inc. as a manufacturer of solid state motor controls.
After developing a strong business relationship with Ron Vines in Canada, Benshaw Canada Controls, Inc. began in May 1988.

Benshaw's main headquarters are located in Pittsburgh (PA).  Benshaw Canada is located in Listowel, Ontario.

In 2008 Benshaw was acquired by Curtiss-Wright Corporation and operated successfully as a business unit under Curtiss-Wright Flow Control.

In 2014 Benshaw was acquired by Regal Beloit Corporation and operated as a brand of Regal Beloit

In 2019 Benshaw was acquired by Sun Capital Partners, a leading private investment firm. Benshaw, Inc. is located at 615 Alpha Drive, Pittsburgh, PA. 15238 

On 17 December 2019 Benshaw Inc. acquired AuCom Electronics Ltd. In North and South America Benshaw company will only operate as Benshaw moving forward, while in the international markets Benshaw and AuCom will continue to operate under their own brand.

References

https://drivesncontrols.com/news/fullstory.php/aid/5877/Regal_Beloit_sells_its_drives_businesses_to_Sun_Capital.html
American companies established in 1974
Companies based in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
1974 establishments in Pennsylvania
Dassault AVE-D Petit Duc. The Dassault AVE-D Petit Duc was a sub-scale experimental stealth UAV built in France in 2000 as the first step in the development of a UCAV under Dassault Aviation's LOGIDUC programme. AVE-D stands for Aéoronef de Validation Expérimentale - Discrétion ("Experimental Assessment Aircraft - Stealth"), and petit duc is the French name for the Eurasian scops-owl, but also a wordplay on the LOGIDUC programme name, with petit meaning "small". The early prototypes were manufactured by French subcontractor Aviation Design while the other units were all built by Dassault itself.

The AVE was developed from 1999 to 2000 by a Dassault Aviation-Aviation Design joint team. Manufacturing of the first prototype took eight months and was proceeded in Aviation Design's factory at Milly-la-Forêt, France. Aviation Design is a French design and manufacturing specialist of civil and military devices including high-quality RC jet-powered aircraft, UAVs, evolved aerial targets used by the French Army for training, as well as GPS ground stations for UAVs/aerial targets. The company is led by Rantet & son, father, Jacques, is pilot veteran and son, Éric, is an aeronautics engineer.

In order to reduce the radar and infrared signatures, the vehicle was fully molded in carbon fiber and other undisclosed "special material" reducing the Petit Duc's radar cross section to the signature of a sparrow. The AVE's flight track is followed by the ground station's GPS, as well as parameters such as speed, altitude, turbines or fuel. As an autonomous aircraft, the Petit Duc is fitted with an automatic pilot consisting of a computer system and gyroscope for stabilization and guidance. Its retractable landing gear allows the French UAV to take-off and land -using a backup parachute- from a regular airstrip. On July 18, 2000, the Dassault A.V.E became the first stealth unmanned aircraft to fly in Europe.

Specifications

References

2000s French experimental aircraft
Unmanned aerial vehicles of France
Unmanned stealth aircraft
AVE-D Petit Duc
Aircraft first flown in 2000
Twinjets
Hot work. 
Hot work is a process that can be a source of ignition when flammable material is present or can be a fire hazard regardless of the presence of flammable material in the workplace. Common hot work processes involve welding, soldering, cutting, brazing burning and the use of powder-actuated tools or similar fire producing operations outside of designated hot work areas. When flammable materials are not present, industrial processes such as grinding and drilling become cold work processes.

In some countries, such as the UK and Canada, a hot work permit is required for hot work. The purpose of a hot work permit is to effect "the employer's written authorization to perform hot working operations". The UK's Health and Safety Executive suggests that a hot work permit should specify:
what work will be done;
how and when it is to be done;
what safety and health precautions are needed;
who is responsible for checking it is safe for the work to start;
who will check that the work is done safely;
who is responsible for confirming that work is complete and there is no longer a risk from, or to, the people doing the work.

Safety 
When performing hot work, welders must assess the risk of fire in the work area and implement certain safety precautions if a threat is detected. The establishment of a fire watch is the most important precaution a welder can take against an accidental fire on a job site. Either the welder himself or an appointed laborer must become designated for a fire watch and stay in the area of the hot work for no less than 2 hours after the last of the hot work has been completed. This designated fire watch person must have a fire extinguisher and access to phone in case of a fire.

Standards
In the United States, OSHA maintains regulations for hot work in the marine industrial setting. The following regulations apply:
Hot Work. - 1915.14
Welding, cutting and heating (hot work). - 1917.152
Precautions for hot work. - 1915.503

Other relevant literature is:
 API RP 2009 : Safe Welding, Cutting, and Hot Work Practices in the Petroleum and Petrochemical Industries, published by the American Petroleum Institute (API).

See also
 Oil Industry Safety Directorate

References

External links
 *Hot Work / Welding - OSHA

Welding safety
Occupational hazards
Fire protection
Restoring force. In physics, the restoring force is a force that acts to bring a body to its equilibrium position. The restoring force is a function only of position of the mass or particle, and it is always directed back toward the equilibrium position of the system. The restoring force is often referred to in simple harmonic motion. The force responsible for restoring original size and shape is called the restoring force.

An example is the action of a spring.  An idealized spring exerts a force proportional to the amount of deformation of the spring from its equilibrium length, exerted in a direction oppose the deformation. Pulling the spring to a greater length causes it to exert a force that brings the spring back toward its equilibrium length. The amount of force can be determined by multiplying the spring constant, characteristic of the spring, by the amount of stretch, also known as Hooke's Law.

Another example is of a pendulum. When a pendulum is not swinging all the forces acting on it are in equilibrium. The force due to gravity and the mass of the object at the end of the pendulum is equal to the tension in the string holding the object up. When a pendulum is put in motion, the place of equilibrium is at the bottom of the swing, the location where the pendulum rests. When the pendulum is at the top of its swing the force returning the pendulum to this midpoint is gravity. As a result, gravity may be seen as a restoring force.

See also
 Response amplitude operator

References

Force
Jasc Software. Jasc Software, Inc. was an Eden Prairie, Minnesota-based company founded by Robert Voit, the creator of Paint Shop Pro, a popular graphics editing program. Jasc Software also created other popular software titles, including:

Image Robot
Animation Shop
Media Center Plus
Webdraw
After Shot (later released as Photo Album)

On October 14, 2004, Corel Corporation announced the acquisition of Jasc Software, Inc. at announcement day, with the acquisition expected to be closed by the end of October 2004. Under the acquisition, Corel would maintain the former Jasc facility in Minneapolis, Minnesota for the Paint Shop family operations. Amish Mehta would continue to serve as the Chief Executive Officer of Corel Corporation, and several members of the Jasc senior management team would join Corel. At the time of deal closure, Jasc Software, Inc. had 120 employees, with revenues of more than $30 million.

On November 28, 2007, Corel announced the closure of the Minneapolis office. This effectively put an end to the former Jasc Software establishment. While a few positions remained in the Minneapolis area, most operations were transferred to Corel's other offices.

"Jasc" is derived from the acronym J.A.S.C. (Just Another Software Company). Founder Robert Voit needed a name to protect his assets legally, but at the time had not decided to make a go of the company so he came up with a tongue-in-cheek name.  Later when the company took off, he realized that was not the best connotation for a company to have so he publicly "changed" the acronym to "Jets and Software Company" because he was a commercial airline pilot prior to starting the software company.

Robert Voit
Robert Voit (from St. Cloud, Minnesota) was the founder of Jasc Software. He has a computer science degree minoring in aviation, completed in 1983. He was initially employed as a DC-9 pilot and then later founded the Jasc software company, which in 1991 produced Paint Shop Pro.

References

Defunct software companies of the United States
Defunct companies based in Minnesota
Companies based in Eden Prairie, Minnesota
Software companies established in 1991
Software companies disestablished in 2004
Corel
2004 mergers and acquisitions
Patrick Juola. Patrick Juola is an American computer scientist known for his work on authorship attribution. He is the Joseph A. Lauritis, C.S.Sp Endowed Chair in Teaching and Technology at Duquesne University.

Career
Juola studied electrical engineering and mathematics at Johns Hopkins University, then went on to study computer science and cognitive science at master's level at the University of Colorado Boulder. He completed a PhD at Colorado Boulder in computer science in 1995. He tutored at St Hugh's and Lincoln at the University of Oxford while conducting postdoctoral research in experimental psychology at Oxford. He returned to the United States to take up an assistant professorship in computer science at Duquesne University in 1998. He was promoted to associate professor in 2004 and full professor in 2014. He was appointed to the Joseph A. Lauritis, C.S.Sp. Chair in Teaching and Technology in 2020. He has led the National Science Foundation-funded Evaluating Variations in Language Lab since 2010.

Research
Juola is best known for his work on authorship attribution. Though this had been a topic of his research for many years, he became well-known in 2013 when he was commissioned by the Sunday Times to examine the text of The Cuckoo's Calling, providing evidence that "Robert Galbraith" was a pen name of J. K. Rowling. Juola has also explored the identity of Satoshi Nakamoto, the founder of Bitcoin. Against the view that Satoshi Nakamoto was Dorian Nakamoto, as suggested in Newsweek, Juola's analysis suggested that Neal J. King was a more likely candidate.

Juola's other work on authorship attribution includes helping to identify pseudonymous works from a young Abraham Lincoln. His company has been hired by the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency, as his work might have cybersecurity applications, and Juola has served as an expert witness in court cases relating to fraud and inheritance.

References

External links
 Professional website
 Juola & Associates
 Evaluating Variations in Language Lab

American computer scientists
1966 births
Living people
Duquesne University faculty
Johns Hopkins University alumni
University of Colorado Boulder alumni
Computer security academics
Skyfox. Skyfox can refer to:

Aero L-39 Skyfox Czech jet trainer
Boeing Skyfox trainer aircraft
IAR-317 Skyfox, a variant of the Aérospatiale Alouette III
Skyfox Aviation Skyfox ultralight aircraft produced by Skyfox Aviation of Australia
Skyfox (1984 video game), a 1984 computer game
Sky Fox (1987 video game), an arcade game
 Skyfox is a character in Mark Millar's comic Jupiter's Legacy, as well as the TV adaptation
Sky Fox (mythology) from Chinese mythology