omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
PowerCADD. PowerCADD is a computer-aided design and drafting (CADD) software program for the Apple Macintosh platform developed from out of the PowerDraw platform of the mid-1980s by Greensboro, North Carolina–based Engineered Software.

History
The development of PowerCADD began with PowerDraw, a true CADD alternative to MacDraw that was released in the mid-1980s. The online user group from GEnie that participated in outlining the capabilities of the new CADD program were invited to initiate a graphics forum on Applelink Personal Edition in 1987.

Description
PowerCADD is a two-dimensional, WYSIWYG drawing program developed mainly to reproduce the familiarity of manual technical drawing with the advantages of a full geometry tool set (including bezier) and computer graphics, allowing the full mix of line art and raster images. PowerCADD is a full metaphor for the design board, providing an elegant easy to learn and easy to use interface, with the integration of both Imperial and Metric dimensioning in familiar "real world" scales. An add-on tool set, called WildTools, was developed by an independent programmer, bringing a number of new capabilities to the program, including isometric and perspective-drawing tools. Both are available in "demo" form to allow hands-on trial use.

The current shipping version is PowerCADD 9, which was released August 2010. PowerCADD 9 is an Apple Intel Only application.

Versions
 PowerDraw 1 for the 680x0 Mac, released September 1987
 PowerDraw 2 for the 680x0 Mac
 PowerDraw 3 for the 680x0 Mac
 PowerDraw 4 for the 680x0 Mac
 PowerDraw 5 for the 680x0 Mac
 PowerDraw 6 for the 680x0 Mac and PowerCADD 1 for the PPC Mac OS 7 (then known as Macintosh System 7)
 PowerCADD 2 released October 1995
 PowerCADD 3 released in late 1996
 PowerCADD 4
 PowerCADD 2000 (PowerCADD 5), released May 2000. Major enhancements to text handling and symbol data.
 PowerCADD 6, released May 2003, the first Mac OS X native version with Aqua interface.
 PowerCADD 7, released January 2006. Featuring transparent objects and layers, improved DWG/DXF translation, and global management of drawing attributes. PowerPC hardware and related Mac OS X Software required.
 PowerCADD 8 for Intel-based Apple hardware released March 2008  PDF Brochure Link
 PowerCADD 9 for Intel-based Apple hardware released August 2010 PDF Brochure Link

See also
 Comparison of CAD editors for CAE

References

 Dornell, Lisa (2007) "Under one roof." Apple.com/smallbusiness.
 Martinez, Carlos Domingo (January 1997) "PowerCADD 3.0." MacWorld.
 Seiter, Charles (December 2000) "PowerCADD 2000: Drawing-Friendly Program Makes CAD Fun and Easy." MacWorld.
 "Special Report: PowerCADD, Macs, FormZ and VectorWorks, dominate tools used for Record House Award winners" Architosh News.

External links
PowerCADD Product Page at engsw.com

2D Computer-aided design software
Classic Mac OS software
Vector graphics editors
J. Wayne Littles. Jerrol Wayne Littles (born July 14, 1939) was the eighth director of the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center located in Huntsville, Alabama. He served as director from February 3, 1996, to January 3, 1998.

Early life
Littles was born in Moultrie, Georgia, in 1939.

Education
Attended Moultrie High School, graduating in 1957.
Graduated from Georgia Tech in 1962 with a BME; Phi Eta Sigma, Pi Tau Sigma, Tau Beta Pi and Briaerean societies.
Mechanical engineering master's degree from the University of Southern California in 1964.
Doctorate from the University of Texas at Austin, mechanical engineering, in 1969.
Harvard University, Boston, MA, six-week Advanced Management Program in 1990.

Early career
Aerospace Engineer, North American Aviation, 1962
Rocketdyne in Canoga Park, California, worked in the propulsion area 1962-1964
Research Engineer, Teledyne Brown Engineering, 1964

NASA career

Prior to his appointment as center director, Littles served as NASA associate administrator for the Office of Space Flight (1994–1996). Littles began his NASA career in 1967 when he worked as an engineer in Marshall's former Propulsion and Vehicle Engineering Directorate. He worked in various capacities at the Marshall Center, including science engineering director (1988–1989) and center deputy director (1989–1994) before transferring to NASA Headquarters in 1994, as chief engineer. Littles was involved in the redesign of the space shuttle solid rocket booster, blamed for the Challenger disaster in 1986.
Littles was also a witness for the Rogers Commission, which investigated the challenger Disaster

During his two years as Center Director, Dr. Littles' administration was responsible for the space lab mission, the space science projects, alternative light-weight launch vehicles, and their engine development. He retired from NASA in 1998.

Littles is a Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.

References

External links 
 NASA biography

1939 births
Living people
NASA people
Georgia Tech alumni
USC Viterbi School of Engineering alumni
Cockrell School of Engineering alumni
Directors of the Marshall Space Flight Center
People from Moultrie, Georgia
Jabiru 5100. The Jabiru 5100 is a lightweight four-stroke horizontally opposed flat-eight air-cooled aircraft engine, manufactured by Jabiru Aircraft.

Design and development
The engine is direct-drive and is fitted with alternators, silencers, vacuum pump drives and dual-ignition systems as standard equipment.

It was developed from the Jabiru 2200 and 3300 aeroengines, but whilst these earlier modular-design engines share the same bore and stroke (97.5mm x 74 mm), the 5100 flat-eight shares only the 97.5mm bore, and the stroke is increased from 74mm to 85mm.

In November 2014 the Australian Civil Aviation Safety Authority proposed restricting all Jabiru-powered aircraft to day-visual flight rules only, without passengers or solo students and within gliding distance of a safe place to land due to the engine line's safety record. Both the manufacturer and Recreational Aviation Australia opposed the restrictions as unnecessary and unwarranted. The final rule adopted somewhat softened the restrictions, allowing the carriage of passengers and students, but requiring them to sign an acknowledgement of risk before flying and restricting equipped aircraft to day VFR flight and within gliding distance of a safe place to land.

As of December 2023 the Jabiru 5100 is not listed on the Jabiru web site. The maintenance manual for the 5100 engine on the Jabiru web site states that the engine is no longer in production and only 50 units were ever produced.

Applications
Ibis GS-750 Grand Magic
Quikkit Glass Goose

Specifications

See also
ULPower UL520i

References

External links

Boxer engines
1990s aircraft piston engines
Jabiru aircraft engines
In the Realm of the Hackers. In The Realm of the Hackers is a 2003 Australian documentary directed by Kevin Anderson about the prominent hacker community, centered in Melbourne, Australia in the late 1980s until early 1990. The storyline is centered on the Australian teenagers going by the hacker names "Electron" and "Phoenix", who were members of an elite computer hacking group called 'The Realm' and hacked into some of the most secure computer networks in the world, including those of the US Naval Research Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, a government lab charged with the security of the US nuclear stockpile, and NASA. The film runs for 55 minutes and was inspired by the book Underground, by Melbourne-based writer and academic Suelette Dreyfus.

See also
Electron (computer hacker)
Nahshon Even-Chaim
Underground: Tales of Hacking, Madness and Obsession on the Electronic Frontier
Hacktivism

References

External links

Broadcast write-up
Australian Film Commission information

2003 films
2003 short documentary films
Australian short documentary films
Documentary films about the Internet
Hacker culture
Works about computer hacking
2000s English-language films
2000s Australian films
English-language short documentary films
Malaccamax. Malaccamax is a naval architecture term for the largest tonnage of ship capable of fitting through the  Strait of Malacca. Bulk carriers and supertankers have been built to this tonnage, and the term is chosen for very large crude carriers (VLCC). They can transport oil from Arabia to China. A typical Malaccamax tanker can have a maximum length of , beam of , draught of , and tonnage of 300,000 DWT.

Similar terms Panamax, Suezmax and Seawaymax are used for the largest ships capable of fitting through the Panama Canal, the Suez Canal and Saint Lawrence Seaway, respectively. Aframax tankers are those with a deadweight tonnage of 80,000 to 120,000.

Problems

Some Chinamax and most Capesize and very large crude carriers cannot pass this strait. Ships such as Suezmax and Neopanamax can pass. Any post-Malaccamax ship would need to use even longer alternate routes because traditional seaways such as the Sunda Strait, between the Indonesian islands of Java and Sumatra would become too shallow for large ships. Other routes would therefore be required:
Lombok Strait (), Dewakang Sill (), Makassar Strait, then either east past Mindanao to the Philippine Sea or north through Sibutu Passage and Mindoro Strait
Ombai Strait, Banda Sea, Lifamatola Strait () between the Sula Islands and Obi Islands, and Molucca Sea
around Australia

Artificially excavated new routes might also be a possibility:
deepening the Strait of Malacca, specifically at its minimum depth in the Singapore Strait,
the proposed Kra Canal, which however would take much more excavation.

See also 

 Maersk Triple E Class
 CMA CGM Marco Polo
 Cargo ship sizes Handymax, Panamax, Suezmax, Capesize

References

External links 
Ship sizes 
Malaccamax 

Ship types
Strait of Malacca
Ship measurements
Rosenfeld's law. Rosenfeld's law is an axiom relating physics to economics, that states that the amount of energy required to produce one dollar of GDP has decreased by about one percent per year since 1845.

The original quote by Arthur H. Rosenfeld is:
From 1845 to the present, the amount of energy required to produce the same amount of gross national product has steadily decreased at the rate of about 1 percent per year. This is not quite as spectacular as Moore's Law of integrated circuits, but it has been tested over a longer period of time. One percent per year yields a factor of 2.7 when compounded over 100 years. It took 56 BTUs (59,000 joules) of energy consumption to produce one (1992) dollar of GDP in 1845. By 1998, the same dollar required only 12.5 BTUs (13,200 joules).

Notes

Economic indicators
Eponymous laws of economics
Energy economics
Eponymous laws of physics
T-Rex Engineering. T-Rex ApS is a manufacturer of handmade electric guitar effects pedals.

Based in the town of Vejle, Denmark, T-Rex Engineering was founded in 1995 or 1996 by Lars Dahl-Jorgensen and Sebastian Jensen.

Notes

References

External links
Official website

Music equipment manufacturers
Musical instrument manufacturing companies of Denmark
Danish brands
Guitar effects manufacturing companies
Danish companies established in 1996
Companies based in Vejle Municipality
Metrologic Instruments. Metrologic Instruments is an automated identification and data capture (AIDC) company headquartered in Blackwood, New Jersey. It designs, manufactures, and markets bar code decoding hardware, adaptive optical solutions, and high-speed image processing software. Metrologic Instruments is a division of Honeywell with more than 20 sales and manufacturing sites in North and South America, Europe, Asia, Australia, and Russia. 

Founded in 1968 by C. Harry Knowles, it initially concentrated on the manufacture of helium–neon laser kits for academic instruction. These kits were sold to physics teachers throughout the United States. In 1975, after breakthroughs in bar coding technology, it developed the world's first hand-held helium–neon laser bar code scanner. These bar code scanners use a broad array of technologies including laser, holographic, vision-based, and radio-frequency identification (RFID). The scanners help merchants process bar-coded merchandise.

Today, Metrologic Instruments manufactures over 40 different types of bar code scanners used by retailers, healthcare professionals, postal services, and distribution companies around the world.

, Metrologic Instruments had over 350 registered patents with approximately another 130 patents pending.

Honeywell acquired Metrologic in July 2008.

Metrologic world-firsts
1969	Metrologic introduces helium–neon laser hobby kits

1975	Metrologic introduces hand-held retail laser scanner

1976	Metrologic introduces programmable bar code verifier

1982	Metrologic introduces hand-held laser scanner with built-in decoder

1990	Metrologic introduces triggerless hand-held laser scanner

1993 	Metrologic introduces triggerless wearable laser scanner

1996	Metrologic uses holographic technology in industrial applications

2000	Metrologic introduces CodeGate data transmission technology

2002	Metrologic introduces laser-illuminated imaging

References

Manufacturing companies based in New Jersey
Companies based in Camden County, New Jersey
Spin diffusion. Spin diffusion describes a situation wherein the individual nuclear spins undergo continuous exchange of energy.  This permits polarization differences within the sample to be reduced on a timescale much shorter than relaxation effects.

Spin diffusion is a process by which magnetization can be exchanged spontaneously between spins. The process is driven by dipolar coupling, and is therefore related to internuclear distances. Spin diffusion has been used to study many structural problems in the past, ranging from domain sizes in polymers and disorder in glassy materials to high-resolution crystal structure determination of small molecules and proteins.

In solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, spin diffusion plays a major role in Cross Polarization (CP) experiments. As mentioned before, by transferring the magnetization (and thus the population) from nuclei with different values for the spin-lattice relaxation (T1), the overall time for the experiment is reduced. Is a very common practice when the sample contains hydrogen. Another desirable effect is that the signal to noise ratio (S/N) is increased until a theoretical factor γA/γB, being γ the gyromagnetic ratio.

Notes

Quantum field theory
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Healy River Airport. Healy River Airport  is a state owned, public use airport serving Healy, a community located in the Denali Borough of the U.S. state of Alaska. It is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a general aviation facility.

Facilities and aircraft 
Healy River Airport covers an area of 1,294 acres (524 ha) at an elevation of 1,263 feet (385 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 15/33 with an asphalt surface measuring 2,912 by 60 feet (888 x 18 m).

For the 12-month period ending December 31, 2005, the airport had 1,300 aircraft operations, an average of 108 per month: 61.5% general aviation and 38.5% air taxi. At that time there were 7 aircraft based at this airport: 85% single-engine and 14% multi-engine.

See also 
 Healy Lake Airport in Healy Lake, Alaska (Southeast Fairbanks Census Area) at coordinates 
 List of airports in Alaska

References

External links 

 Topographic map as of July 1976 from USGS The National Map

Airports in Denali Borough, Alaska
Hydaburg Seaplane Base. Hydaburg Seaplane Base  is a state owned, public use seaplane base located in Hydaburg, a city in the Prince of Wales-Hyder Census Area of the U.S. state of Alaska. It is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a general aviation facility.

Facilities and aircraft
Hydaburg Seaplane Base has one seaplane landing area designated E/W with a water surface measuring 5,000 by 2,000 feet (1,524 x 610 m). For the 12-month period ending December 31, 2006, the airport had 1,000 aircraft operations, an average of 83 per month: 50% air taxi and 50% general aviation.

Airlines and destinations
The following airline service is subsidized by the United States Department of Transportation via the Essential Air Service program.

See also
 List of airports in Alaska

References

Other sources

 Essential Air Service documents (Docket DOT-OST-1999-6245) from the U.S. Department of Transportation:
 Order 2005-10-7 (	October 11, 2005): re-selecting Venture Travel, LLC, d/b/a Taquan Air, to provide essential air service at Hydaburg, Alaska, at the annual subsidy rate of $54,733 per year for the two-year period November 1, 2005, through October 31, 2007.
 Order 2007-10-12 (October 11, 2007): re-selecting Venture Travel, LLC, d/b/a Taquan Air Service, to provide essential air service (EAS) at Hydaburg, Alaska, for the four-year period beginning November 1, 2007, at an annual subsidy rate of $86,755.
 Order 2011-7-12 (July 27, 2011): re-selecting Venture Travel, LLC, operating as Taquan Air Service (Taquan Air), to provide essential air service (EAS) at Hydaburg, Alaska. Taquan Air will provide three weekly nonstop round trips to Ketchikan using 6-seat de Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver aircraft for a four-year contract period beginning November 1, 2011, through October 31, 2015, for an annual subsidy of $151,773.

External links
 Taquan Air 
 Topographic map from USGS The National Map

Airports in the Prince of Wales–Hyder Census Area, Alaska
Seaplane bases in Alaska
Essential Air Service
Cumberland Enginemen, Boilermen and Electrical Workers' Union. The Cumberland Enginemen, Boilermen and Electrical Workers' Union was a trade union in the United Kingdom. It merged with the Transport and General Workers' Union in 1928.

References

See also
 List of trade unions
 Transport and General Workers' Union
 TGWU amalgamations

Engine operators' trade unions
Defunct trade unions of the United Kingdom
Trade unions disestablished in 1928
Transport and General Workers' Union amalgamations
Trade unions based in Cumbria
National Winding and General Engineers' Society. The National Winding and General Engineers' Society was a trade union in the United Kingdom. It primarily represented stationary engineers employed at underground coal mines to operate the winding engines which ran the mining hoists. The operation of the mining hoist was a crucial part of the operation of a colliery and the engineers who ran them were generally more skilled than the general mineworkers, who were represented by the Miners' Federation of Great Britain (MFGB). The demarcation between engineers and miners often led to conflict between the two unions, as the MFGB aimed to be an industrial union, representing all employees in coal mining. The engineers' union was affiliated to the Trades Union Congress. It merged with the Transport and General Workers' Union in 1935.

See also

 Transport and General Workers' Union
 TGWU amalgamations

References

Defunct trade unions of the United Kingdom
Mining trade unions
Mining in the United Kingdom
Trade unions disestablished in 1935
Transport and General Workers' Union amalgamations
Trade unions based in South Yorkshire
David A. King (engineer). David Arnold King is an American engineer who was the tenth Director of the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama.

Early life, family and education
King was born in Indiana and raised in Sumter, South Carolina.

He earned a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering from the University of South Carolina, and in 1991 a master's degree in business administration from the Florida Institute of Technology.

Career
King joined NASA in 1983 as a main propulsion system engineer. In subsequent roles, he also served as vehicle manager and flow director (1992–1996) for the Space Shuttle Discovery, overseeing preflight preparation, test and checkout of the orbiter. He was appointed acting deputy director of the Installation Operations Directorate in 1995; deputy director of Shuttle Processing in 1996; Shuttle launch director in 1997; and director of Shuttle Processing in 1999.

King served as deputy director of the Marshall Space Flight Center from November 2002 until his appointment as director, and served as the senior on-site NASA official during recovery operations for the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster.

He was appointed to the director position on June 15, 2003. He retired from NASA on March 26, 2009. 

Soon thereafter, King started in the position of Executive Vice President at Dynetics, Inc., a Huntsville-based defense contractor. He was promoted to President in 2013 and then to CEO in 2015.

Personal life
King has two daughters.

References

External links 
 Biography at NASA.gov (archived)
 David A. King Named Marshall Space Flight Center Director

21st-century American engineers
Florida Institute of Technology alumni
Directors of the Marshall Space Flight Center
NASA people
University of South Carolina alumni
People from Sumter, South Carolina
Living people
1960s births

Year of birth uncertain
People from Indiana
ICAR. ICAR may refer to:
 I Car or HR 4102, a star in the Carina constellation
 i Car or HD 79447, a star in the Carina constellation
 ι Car or Iota Carinae (HD 80404), a star in the Carina constellation
Indian Council of Agricultural Research
Information Centre about Asylum and Refugees
International Corporate Accountability Roundtable
Circuit ICAR, a motorsports complex
iCar (magazine), a British car magazine
 The Mitsubishi i car
 Apple "iCar", nickname for the Apple car project
 iCar (marque), an electric car brand by Chery
Icar Air, a charter airline based in Bosnia
 (), a former Romanian aircraft manufacturer
International Commission for Alpine Rescue
Istituto Centrale per gli Archivi (Central Institute for Archives), an institution based in Rome, Italy

See also
 Connected car, internet connected car
 intelligent car
Coalition for America's Gateways and Trade Corridors. The Coalition for America's Gateways and Trade Corridors (CAGTC) is a US interest group for transport.

It is composed of over forty representative organizations, including motor carriers, railroads, ports, engineering firms, and freight corridors that have come together to improve national freight efficiency. CAGTC was established in 2001 to bring national attention to the need to expand U.S. freight transportation capabilities and to work toward solutions for this national challenge.

CAGTC plays a key role in developing consensus among members of Congress for federal investment policy that supports "intermodal connectors", "trade corridors" and "gateway access", and that provides for increases in the authorization and appropriations levels for freight and goods movement-related projects. The purpose of CAGTC is to raise public recognition and Congressional awareness of this need and to promote funding in federal legislation for trade corridors and gateways.

The following organizations are CAGTC members:
ACS State and Local Solutions
Alameda Corridor-East Construction Authority
Carter & Burgess, Inc.
Delaware River Maritime Enterprise Council
DMJM-Harris
Florida East Coast Railway
Florida Trade and Transport Council
Gateway Cities Council of Governments
Genesee & Wyoming, Inc.
HDR Engineering, Inc.
HNTB Corporation
Intermodal Association of North America
JM Engineering, Inc.
Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority
Los Angeles Economic Development Corporation
Majestic Realty Co.
Mi-Jack Products Inc.
Moffatt & Nichol
National Association of Industrial & Office Properties
National Association of Regional Councils
National Corn Growers Association
National Railroad Construction and Maintenance Association, Inc.
Parsons Corporation
Parsons Brinckerhoff
Port of Long Beach
Port of Los Angeles
Port of Oakland
Port of Pittsburgh
Port of Seattle
Port of Stockton
Port of Tacoma
RAILCET
River of Trade Corridor Coalition (ROTCC)
Riverside County Transportation Commission
San Bernardino Associated Governments
San Gabriel Valley Economic Partnership
Seattle Department of Transportation
Southern California Association of Governments
Washington State Department of Transportation

External links
 website

References

Transportation associations in the United States