omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Skyfox (1984 video game). Skyfox is a combat flight simulation game developed by Ray Tobey for the Apple II and published by Electronic Arts in 1984. Ariolasoft published the game in Europe. It was released for the ZX Spectrum, Amstrad CPC, Commodore 64, and Macintosh in 1985, to the Amiga and Atari ST in 1986, and to the PC-88 in 1988.

The 1987 sequel, Skyfox II: The Cygnus Conflict, was developed for the Commodore 64 by Dynamix without Tobey's involvement.

Description

The player pilots the Skyfox, the most advanced attack fighter plane available to the fictional government, the Federation. The plane has armaments consisting of radar guided missiles, heat-seeking missiles, laser cannons and deflection shields, and has a top speed of Mach 4. Gameplay consists of finding and destroying enemy tanks, planes and motherships. The game has 15 scenarios that can be played at five skill levels.

Featuring a view from the cockpit of the jet, this game is recognized as popularizing this view. The cockpit features radar which shows incoming missiles and other threats. Flying above the clouds, the player fights hordes of enemy planes. Flying below them, the player is attacked by enemy tanks. Hailed upon its release, most criticisms of the game cited repetitive gameplay as the only drawback.

Tobey thought a player could get bored flying an advanced fighter plane and might want to play a game. Consequently, he incorporated a Space Invaders game into Skyfox as a hidden Easter egg activated by pressing Ctrl-G while flying.

The Apple II version can use a Mockingboard, if one is present, for greatly improved audio.

Reception

Skyfox was Electronic Arts' best-selling Commodore 64 game as of late 1987. Its sales had surpassed 250,000 copies by November 1989.

Info rated Skyfox for the Commodore 64 three-plus stars out of five, praising the graphics but stating that "the gamester finds a much less involving product lying below the surface glitz ... Good run for a few hours". Compute! called the Amiga version a game that required "both forethought and quick reflexes ... one of the best available for the Amiga". It concluded that "the designers and programmers have outdone themselves in exploiting the Amiga's powerful features ... a simulation which rivals the best computer games available in any medium". In a 1994 survey of wargames Computer Gaming World gave the title one-plus stars out of five.

References

External links
 
 
 
 
 Box, manual, screenshots

1984 video games
Amiga games
Amstrad CPC games
Apple II games
Ariolasoft games
Atari ST games
Classic Mac OS games
Combat flight simulators
Commodore 64 games
Dynamix games
Electronic Arts games
NEC PC-8801 games
Single-player video games
Video games developed in the United States
ZX Spectrum games
NuMega. NuMega Technologies, Inc. (also known as NuMega), was a software company founded in 1987 by Frank Grossman and Jim Moskun in Nashua, New Hampshire. The company developed a Kernel mode debugger, now SoftICE, for DOS and the Windows NT family.

In 1995, the company acquired the Marquis Computing, Inc. assets VB/CodeReview and VB/FailSafe, and hired its president, Hank Marquis to manage NuMega Visual Basic products.

In December 1997, the company was acquired by Compuware, when it became NuMega Labs of Compuware. Less than a year after moving to Merrimack, the development lab was effectively shut down on 11 June 2007. In June 2009, Compuware sold the former NuMega products, the intellectual property and transferred the remaining staff to a UK-based firm named Micro Focus.

Mark Russinovich, a software developer who now serves as CTO of Microsoft Azure, started his career at NuMega.

Hank Marquis, who served as a Leadership Partner at Gartner, joined Numega with the acquisition of Marquis Computing Inc.

Notable products

 SoftICE
 DriverStudio
 BoundsChecker (Automated runtime error detection)
 DevPartner Studio
 DevPartner Java Edition
 SmartCheck (Visual Basic Error Detection)
 TrueTime (Profiling)
 TrueCoverage (Code coverage)
 CodeReview (Source code based error detection)
 FailSafe (Improved Visual Basic error handling)
 DevPartner SecurityChecker
 DevPartner Fault Simulator
 CV/1 (Microsoft CodeView on a single monitor)
 Magic CV (Microsoft CodeView running in less RAM)

Notable employees
 Matt Pietrek
 Mark Russinovich

References

Software companies based in New Hampshire
Companies based in Nashua, New Hampshire
Defunct software companies of the United States
Defunct companies based in New Hampshire
Micro Focus International
Caucasus Airlines. Caucasus Airlines was a regional airline based in Georgia which served domestic destinations and countries in the region.

History 
The airline was established in 2001 and started operations in November 2002. The airline imposed a voluntary suspension of services in 2004 and ceased operations. Previously known as Silk Route Airways, the name was changed for legal reasons.

Fleet 
The Caucasus Airlines fleet included the following aircraft:
1 Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia

Caucasus Airlines operated 2 EMB-120 airplanes. Registration numbers 4L-XLA and 4L-XLF.

External links 
 

Defunct airlines of Georgia (country)
Airlines established in 2001
Airlines disestablished in 2004
2001 establishments in Georgia (country)
2004 disestablishments in Georgia (country)
DCA. DCA may refer to:

Computers 
 Document Content Architecture, an IBM document standard
 Dynamic Channel Allocation/Assignment, in wireless networks
 DTS Coherent Acoustics in DTS (sound system)

Military 
 Defence Cyber Agency, a tri-service command of the Indian Armed Forces
 Defense Communications Agency, former name of US Defense Information Systems Agency
 The Defense Cooperation Agreement
 Between the Czech Republic and the United States of America
 Between Finland and the United States of America
 Defensive counter air (Défense contre les aéronefs), French term for air defense
 Deputy Commandant for Aviation, principal advisor on all aviation matters in the United States Marine Corps
 Dual-capable aircraft, used in nuclear sharing

Organizations 
 California Department of Consumer Affairs
 Department for Constitutional Affairs of the UK government, 2003-2007
 DCA Design
 Department of Civil Aviation (Australia)
 Department of Civil Aviation (Thailand)
 Digital Communications Associates, US company
 Diyanet Center of America, Lanham, Maryland
 Drum Corps Associates, a governing body of drum corps in North America
 Dundee Contemporary Arts,  Scotland
 Namibia Directorate of Civil Aviation
 Christian Democracy for Autonomies, a former political party in Italy

Science and technology 
 Detrended correspondence analysis, a statistical technique
 Dichloroacetic acid / dichloroacetate, an organic acid
 Dichloroethanes, organic solvents
 Digitally-controlled amplifier
 Direct coupling analysis, a method for analyzing sequence data in computational biology
 Directional component analysis, a multivariate statistical technique used in the atmospheric sciences
 Drone congregation area, a location where bees gather to mate

Television, film, and music 
 Distributors Corporation of America, American film distribution company (1952-1959)

Transportation 
 Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, Arlington County, Virginia, US, IATA code
 Dutch Caribbean Airlines, former Netherlands Antilles airline

Other uses 
 Direct corporate access, part of UK Faster Payments Service
 Dollar cost averaging, an investment strategy
 Disney California Adventure, Anaheim, California, US
 Debt Collection Agency, companies specialized in pursuing payments of debts

See also

 
 
 
 DCAS (disambiguation)
Thermal loop. A thermal loop is a movement of air driven by warm air rising at one end of the loop, and cool air descending at the other end, creating a constantly moving loop of air. They can be used to precisely control the temperature of a specific area. Thermal loops also occur in liquids.

Thermal loops are size-independent; that is to say, they may occur in a space as small as a room or as large as a global hemisphere. The Hadley cell is an example of a global-scale thermal loop.

Fluid dynamics

References
1922 Locomotive Cyclopedia of American Practice. The 1922 Locomotive Cyclopedia of American Practice, published by Simmons-Boardman, is the most recent Locomotive Cyclopedia to be in the public domain.  At 1141 pages of main text, plus indexes, front matter, and other content, it is a substantial book.  It was essentially a combined catalog for all the major builders of railroad locomotives and associated equipment in North America, who provided the information.  It contains photographs and scale drawings of several hundred locomotive types as examples of the locomotives that North American builders could produce, with chapters on all manner of locomotive components, appliances and equipment.

Picture gallery
Illustrations from the 1922 Locomotive Cyclopedia

References

Reference works in the public domain
Specialized encyclopedias
Energy-Quest. Energy-Quest (formerly The Hydrogen Expedition) was an organization launched in 2005 that sought to educate the public about the risks of an impending energy crisis due to the current worldwide dependence on fossil fuels and the benefits of energy conservation and the use of renewable energy sources. It intended to do so through a series of three record-setting ocean voyages:

 The Earthrace
 The Aurora Expedition
 The Triton Expedition

Started and staffed by university students, the project was endorsed by several organizations and prominent individuals.

The Earthrace
The Earthrace will be an attempt to break the speed record for circumnavigating the globe in a powerboat while using only renewable fuels. It is being supported by over 100 companies, and is led by New Zealander Pete Bethune. Energy-Quest is providing organizational and fundraising assistance to the Earthrace in the United States.

The Aurora Expedition
The Aurora Expedition will involve an around-the-world voyage in a powerboat which, at 20 ft, will be the smallest vessel of its kind to ever complete such a journey. Due to its limited fuel capacity, the Aurora will rely on advanced fuel-efficient technologies for propulsion. Energy-Quest thus seeks to incorporate highly clean and efficient diesel engines, solar cells, and wind turbines into this design.

Aurora will stop at over forty major ports around the world, where she will showcase the cleanest and most efficient energy technologies available at the time, and her crew will promote the widespread use of such technologies. Ultimately, the Aurora Expedition is intended as a stepping stone towards the completion of the organization's final and most important endeavor – the Triton Expedition.

The Triton Expedition
The Triton Expedition will be the first circumnavigation of the world by a boat powered solely by a hydrogen fuel cell. Triton will stop at major destinations around the world, where her crew will meet with local political and industrial leaders to promote the importance of alternative energy development. Through Triton's voyage, Energy-Quest hopes to generate international media attention, and in this way stimulate the development of a renewable energy-based hydrogen economy.

History
The project was started in the summer of 2005 by Joseph F. Sahid, a graduate of the Phillips Exeter Academy and currently a sophomore at the University of Pennsylvania. He soon was joined by other volunteers, and an official team was rapidly assembled. The Energy Quest program has now been discontinued.

Endorsements
Organisations who officially endorse the Hydrogen Expedition:
Bluewater Network
National Hydrogen Association of Australia 
Save the Planet USA
Environment Colorado
Italian Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Association
HydrogenBoyz

References

External links
Earthrace website

References 
Renewable energy organizations
Tamahagane. is a type of steel made in the Japanese tradition. The word  means 'precious', and the word  means 'steel'.  is used to make Japanese swords, daggers, knives, and other kinds of tools.

The carbon content of the majority of analyzed Japanese swords historically lies between a mass of 0.5–0.7%; however, the range extends up to 1.5%.

Production
 is made of an  found in Shimane, Japan. There are two main types of iron sands:  and .  is lower quality,  is better quality. The  decides the amount of the mixing parts. Depending on the desired result, the  mixes one or more types of sands.

The iron sand is put in a , a clay tub furnace. The clay tub measures about  tall,  long and  wide. The tub is dried and heated to about . Then, it is mixed with charcoal to add carbon to the steel so it can be hardened.

The process of making  continues for 36–72 hours (a day and a half to three days), depending on how many people work and how much metal is to be obtained. Within an hour of smelting, the iron sand sinks to the bottom, called the bed of fire, in which it will be assessed by color to determine which parts of the smelt will be combined into . The iron sand is added every ten minutes, and the mixture is frequently turned over.

After the  is finished, the clay tub is broken and the steel is removed. The best steel is on the edges of the resulting metal block; in this area, the oxidation process is stronger. The quality of  is determined by its color: bright silver pieces are very good for making blades.

See also
Bloomery
Bulat steel
Crucible steel
Damascus steel
Japanese swordsmithing
Katana
Noric steel
Toledo steel
Wootz steel

References

Steels
Japanese art terminology
Japanese swords
Nose cone. A nose cone is the conically shaped forwardmost section of a rocket, guided missile or aircraft, designed to modulate oncoming airflow behaviors and minimize aerodynamic drag.  Nose cones are also designed for submerged watercraft such as submarines, submersibles and torpedoes, and in high-speed land vehicles such as rocket cars and velomobiles.

Rockets
On a suborbital rocket vehicle it consists of a chamber or chambers in which instruments, animals, plants, or auxiliary equipment may be carried, and an outer surface built to withstand high temperatures generated by aerodynamic heating.  Much of the fundamental research related to hypersonic flight was done towards creating viable nose cone designs for the atmospheric reentry of spacecraft and ICBM reentry vehicles.

In a satellite launch vehicle, the nose cone may become the satellite itself after separating from the final stage of the rocket, or it may be used as a payload fairing to shield the satellite until out of the atmosphere, then separating (often in two halves) from the satellite.

Aircraft

On airliners the nose cone is also a radome protecting the weather radar from aerodynamic forces.

The shape of the nose cone must be chosen for minimum drag so a solid of revolution is used that gives least resistance to motion. The article on nose cone design contains possible shapes and formulas.

Supersonic
Due to the extreme temperatures involved, nose cones for high-speed applications (e.g. Supersonic speeds or atmospheric reentry of orbital vehicles) have to be made of refractory materials. Pyrolytic carbon is one choice, reinforced carbon-carbon composite or HRSI ceramics are other popular choices. Another design strategy is using ablative heat shields, which get consumed during operation, disposing of excess heat that way. Materials used for ablative shields include, for example carbon phenolic, polydimethylsiloxane composite with silica filler and carbon fibers, or as in of some Chinese FSW reentry vehicles, oak wood.

In general, the constraints and goals for atmospheric reentry conflict with those for other high-speed flight applications; during reentry a high-drag blunt reentry shape is frequently used, which minimises the heat transfer by creating a shock wave that stands off from the vehicle, but some very-high-temperature materials may permit sharper-edged designs.

Nose cone design

Given the problem of the aerodynamic design of the nose cone section of any vehicle or body meant to travel through a compressible fluid medium (such as a rocket or aircraft, missile or bullet), an important problem is the determination of the nose cone geometrical shape for optimum performance. For many applications, such a task requires the definition of a solid of revolution shape that experiences minimal resistance to rapid motion through such a fluid medium, which consists of elastic particles.

See also 
 Aircraft fairing
 Droop nose (aeronautics)
 Inlet cone
 Payload fairing
 Nose bullet

References 

Rocketry
Aircraft components
Embedded Java. Embedded Java refers to versions of the Java program language that are designed for embedded systems. Since 2010 embedded Java implementations have come closer to standard Java, and are now virtually identical to the Java Standard Edition. Since Java 9 customization of the Java Runtime through modularization removes the need for specialized Java profiles targeting embedded devices.

History
Although in the past some differences existed between embedded Java and traditional PC based Java, the only difference now is that embedded Java code in these embedded systems is mainly contained in constrained memory, such as flash memory. A complete convergence has taken place since 2010, and now Java software components running on large systems can run directly with no recompilation at all on design-to-cost mass-production devices (such as consumers, industrial, white goods, healthcare, metering, smart markets in general)

CORE embedded Java API for a unified Embedded Java ecosystem

In order for a software component to run on any Java system, it must target the core minimal API provided by the different providers of the embedded Java ecosystem. Companies share the same eight packages of pre-written programs. The packages (java.lang, java.io, java.util, ... ) form the CORE Embedded Java API, which means that embedded programmers using the Java language can use them in order to make any worthwhile use of the Java language.

Old distinctions between SE embedded API and ME embedded API from ORACLE 
Java SE embedded is based on desktop Java Platform, Standard Edition. It is designed to be used on systems with at least 32 MB of RAM, and can work on Linux ARM, x86, or Power ISA, and Windows XP and Windows XP Embedded architectures.

Java ME embedded used to be based on the Connected Device Configuration subset of Java Platform, Micro Edition. It is designed to be used on systems with at least 8 MB of RAM, and can work on Linux ARM, PowerPC, or MIPS architecture.

See also 
 Excelsior JET Embedded
 Sun SPOT Sun SPOT Project
 Real-Time Specification for Java
 Azul Systems
 JamaicaVM
 STM32 STM32J part numbers. MCU that embeds an embedded Java engine

References

External links 

Core java For interview :Core java Interview Questions
Java SE for Embedded : Java SE for Embedded technology from Oracle Corporation
Java SE for Embedded Development Made Easy : Webcast covering development, troubleshooting, deployment
Java platform
Embedded systems
Java virtual machine
Telecommunication control unit. A telecommunication control unit (TCU), line control unit, or terminal control unit (although terminal control unit may also refer to a terminal cluster controller) is a Front-end processor for mainframes and some minicomputers which supports attachment of one or more telecommunication lines. TCUs free processors from handling the data coming in and out of RS-232 ports. The TCU can support multiple terminals, sometimes hundreds. Many of these TCUs can support RS-232 when it is required, although there are other serial interfaces as well.

The advent of ubiquitous TCP/IP has reduced the need for telecommunications control units.

See also
 Terminal access controller
 IBM 270x
 IBM 3705 Communications Controller
 IBM 3720
 IBM 3745

References

Mainframe computers
Networking hardware
Big Brutus. Big Brutus is the nickname of the Bucyrus-Erie model 1850-B electric power shovel, which was the second largest of its type in operation in the 1960s and 1970s. Big Brutus is the centerpiece of a mining museum in West Mineral, Kansas, United States, where it was used in coal strip mining operations. The shovel was designed to dig from  down to unearth relatively shallow coal seams, which would then be mined with smaller equipment.

Description
The fabrication of Big Brutus was completed in May 1963, after which it was shipped on 150 railroad cars to be assembled in Kansas. It operated until 1974, when coal was uneconomic to mine at the site. At that time, it was considered too big to move and was left in place.

Big Brutus, while not the largest electric shovel ever built, is the largest electric shovel still in existence. The Captain, at  – triple that of Big Brutus – was the largest shovel and one of the largest land-based mobile machines ever built, only exceeded by some dragline and bucket-wheel excavators. It was scrapped in 1992, after receiving extreme damage from an hours-long internal fire.

Museum
The Pittsburg & Midway Coal Mining Company donated Big Brutus in 1984 as the core of a mining museum which opened in 1985. In 1987, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers designated Big Brutus a Regional Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2018.

The museum offers tours and camping.

Fatal accident
On January 16, 2010, Mark Mosley, a 49-year-old dentist from Lowell, Arkansas, died attempting to base-jump from the top of the boom. Climbing the boom had been prohibited years earlier; after the accident, the attraction's board of directors considered additional restrictions on climbing. During the accident's investigation, examiner Tom Dolphin determined that Mosley had accidentally fallen off the boom while preparing to jump.

See also
 The Silver Spade
 Bucket wheel excavator
 Dragline
 Dump truck
 Excavator
 Marion Power Shovel
 Power shovel
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Cherokee County, Kansas

References

External links 

 
 Big Brutus, Sept. 1987, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers

Stripping shovels
Museums in Cherokee County, Kansas
Mining museums in Kansas
Mining equipment
National Register of Historic Places in Cherokee County, Kansas
Bucyrus-Erie
F-shape barrier. The F-shape barrier is a concrete crash barrier, originally designed to divide lanes of traffic on a highway.  It is a modification of the widely used Jersey barrier design, and is generally considered safer.

A parametric study, one that systematically varies the parameters, was done through computer simulations of barrier profiles labeled A through F. The result showed that the one labeled F performed better than even the shape of the Jersey barrier. A series of full-scale crash tests later confirmed these computer-based results. What is known today as the F-shape barrier takes its name from the label it was given on these tests and not from any part of the shape of the barrier, unlike, for example, T-walls.

In spite of these tests, the F-shape barrier has not supplanted the Jersey-shape. The Jersey-shape barrier was already in wide use, and it also met the crash-test criteria. The states' contractors already had a significant investment in the Jersey-shape casting forms and it would cost them money to change the profiles of the forms.

The F-shape and the Jersey-shape have the same slopes, but the distance from the ground to the slope break point of the F-shape is , which is  lower than the Jersey-shape. This lower slope break point reduces vehicle lift, improving the barrier's performance.

Because the Jersey-shape design requires very little modification to become an F-shape design, asphalt resurfacing, because it raises the overall height of the road surface relative to the barrier, can convert the Jersey-shape barrier into a more F-shape-like barrier that is safer for lighter cars. However, these increased layers of asphalt also reduce the working height of the barrier which reduces its effectiveness for heavier vehicles.

The UK equivalent is the concrete step barrier.

See also 
 Jersey barrier
 Constant-slope barrier

References

Protective barriers
Road safety