omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Carl Olson. Carl or Karl Ols(s)on or Olsen may refer to:

 Bobo Olson (1928–2002), boxer
 Carl Olson (drag racer), American Top Fuel drag racer
 Carl E. Olson (born 1969), American non-fiction author
 Carl G. Olson (1904-1965), American farmer and politician
 Carl Marcus Olson (1911–2011), credited as the discoverer of the process to make silicon pure
 Karl Olson (1930–2010), baseball player
 Carl Olsson (disambiguation)
 Carl Olsen (cyclist) (1893–1968), Norwegian Olympic cyclist
 Carl B. Olsen (1904–1998), American admiral
 Karl Olsen (1910–1999), Norwegian civil servant
HMS Isis (D87). HMS Isis was one of nine s built for the Royal Navy during the 1930s.

Description
The I-class ships were improved versions of the preceding H-class. They displaced  at standard load and  at deep load. The ships had an overall length of , a beam of  and a draught of . They were powered by two Parsons geared steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft, using steam provided by three Admiralty three-drum boilers. The turbines developed a total of  and were intended to give a maximum speed of . Isis reached a speed of  from  during her sea trials. The ships carried enough fuel oil to give them a range of  at . Their crew numbered 145 officers and ratings.

The ships mounted four 4.7-inch (120 mm) Mark IX guns in single mounts, designated 'A', 'B', 'X' and 'Y' from bow to stern. For anti-aircraft (AA) defence, they had two quadruple mounts for the 0.5 inch Vickers Mark III machine gun. The I class was fitted with two above-water quintuple torpedo tube mounts amidships for  torpedoes. One depth charge rack and two throwers were fitted; 16 depth charges were originally carried, but this increased to 35 shortly after the war began. The I-class ships were fitted with the ASDIC sound detection system to locate submarines underwater.

Construction and career
Isis, named for the Egyptian goddess, was laid down by the Yarrow and Company, at Scotstoun in Glasgow on 6 February 1936, launched on 12 November 1936 and commissioned on 2 June 1937. Isis took part in the evacuation of Greece in April 1941. On 19 February 1943 she and  the escort destroyer  and a Vickers Wellington medium bomber attacked and sank the  in the Mediterranean Sea north-east of Benghazi.

Isis was hit in 1941 off Beirut, Lebanon after the Battle of Crete. She pursued two Vichy French destroyers which escaped. A Junkers Ju 88 aircraft then attacked and severely damaged her.  attempted to tow her to Haifa, Palestine. The tow rope snapped, however the engines were restarted and she successfully reached Haifa.

Isis struck a mine and sank on 20 July 1944 at the position  in channel 'T' off the western sector of the Normandy landing beaches. She was the last interwar standard destroyer lost in the war, with eleven officers and 143 ratings lost.

Notes

Bibliography
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

1936 ships
Ships built on the River Clyde
I-class destroyers of the Royal Navy
Ships sunk by mines
World War II destroyers of the United Kingdom
World War II shipwrecks in the English Channel
Maritime incidents in July 1944
MOS Technology 6551. The 6551 Asynchronous Communications Interface Adapter (ACIA) is an integrated circuit made by MOS Technology. It served as a companion UART chip for the widely popular 6502 microprocessor. Intended to implement RS-232, its specifications called for a maximum speed of 19,200 bits per second with its onboard baud-rate generator, or 125 kbit/s using an external 16x clock. The 6551 was used in several computers of the 1970s and 1980s, including the Commodore PET and Plus/4. It was also used by Apple Computer on the Apple II Super Serial Card, and by Radio Shack on the Deluxe RS-232 Program Pak for their TRS-80 Color Computer.

Several companies, including Dr. Evil Labs and Creative Micro Designs, marketed an add-on cartridge containing a 6551 and an industry-standard RS-232 port to allow the C64 and 128 to use high-speed modems from companies such as U.S. Robotics and Hayes Communications. The Dr. Evil and CMD cartridges pushed the 6551 to 38,400 baud and, with a faster-still clock crystal, some end users reported getting 115,200 bit/s from the 6551. The ADTPro file transfer program disables the baud rate generator in the 6551, allowing 115,200 bit/s transfers with an unmodified clock crystal.

Variants 
The Rockwell 65C52 combines two CMOS 6551s on a chip.

Similar chips 
The Motorola 6850 is a similar chip to the MOS Technology 6551, but without an onboard bit rate generator.  The 6850 is often used for MIDI.

The Western Design Center WDC 65C51 is designed as a drop in replacement for the original MOS 6551, electrically, physically and programming- compatible with most 6551 and 6850 derivatives from most other suppliers.  The WDC 65C51 has errata, in which the transmitter “ready” bit is “stuck” in the ready state.

External links
 Datasheet

MOS Technology integrated circuits
Input/output integrated circuits
Scd. Scd or SCD may refer to:

In medicine

 Salicylate decarboxylase, an enzyme
 Schnyder crystalline corneal dystrophy, an eye disease
 Sequential compression device, to improve blood flow
 Sickle-cell disease, a blood disease
 Specific Carbohydrate Diet
 Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1, an enzyme
 Sudden cardiac death
 Superior canal dehiscence, of the inner ear

In engineering and information technology
 System context diagram
 , SCSI audio-oriented optical disk drives
 Slowly changing dimension, a datawarehousing term for data that changes slowly
 The Scientific Computing Division of the National Center for Atmospheric Research
 Substation Configuration Description for electrical substations
 Special category data, sensitive data as defined by the GDPR

Other uses
 , Brazilian satellites SCD-1 and SCD-2
 Sc.D., Doctor of Science degree
 Scottish country dance
 Senior College , now Blackrock Further Education Institute, Ireland
 Service-Connected Discharge a category of discharge from the United States Army
 Social communication disorder, a language disorder 
 Specialist Crime Directorate (Metropolitan Police), London, former branch
 Sports Collectors Digest, a publication
 St. Cloud station, Minnesota, U.S., Amtrak code
 Strictly Come Dancing, a British TV show
 Sylacauga Municipal Airport, Alabama, US, FAA identifier
 Syrian Civil Defense or the White Helmets,  a volunteer organisation
Aerocar IMP. 
The Aerocar IMP (for Independently Made Plane) was an unconventional light aircraft designed by Moulton Taylor and marketed for homebuilding. The IMP and its various derivatives were developed by Taylor's Aerocar business after he had already established himself in the homebuilt market with the Coot amphibian, and at the time of the energy crisis in the United States, were designed to be economical to build and operate.

The IMP was unconventional in configuration in having a pusher propeller powered by a long driveshaft from an engine mounted midway within the fuselage of the aircraft. This provided an aerodynamic advantage over more traditional pusher arrangements by allowing greater streamlining of the fuselage – giving the IMP the appearance of an elongated teardrop. The aircraft's most visually striking feature, however, is its inverted V-tail.

Originally designed as a four-seat aircraft, the original IMP design proved to be too complex and expensive for the market that Taylor was aiming for, and although it was awarded a type certification by the FAA, development was abandoned in favour of scaled-down, single-seat version dubbed the Mini-IMP.

Specifications (IMP)

General characteristics
 Crew: one pilot
 Capacity: 3 passengers
 Length: 22 ft 0 in (6.70 m)
 Wingspan: 29 ft 0 in (8.84 m)
 Height: ft in ( m)
 Wing area: 112 ft2 ( 10.39 m2)
 Empty:  950 lb (430 kg)
 Loaded:  1550 lb (703 kg)
 Maximum takeoff:  lb ( kg)
 Powerplant: 1x Franklin 4R, 200 hp (149 kW)

Performance
 Maximum speed: 150 mph (240 km/h)
 Range: miles ( km)
 Service ceiling:  ft ( m)
 Rate of climb: 800 ft/min ( m/min)
 Wing loading: 13.8 lb/ft2 ( kg/m2)
 Power/Mass:  0.1290 hp/lb (0.04966 kW/kg)
 Propeller diameter:  6 ft (1.82 m)

See also

References

Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
1970s United States civil utility aircraft
IMP
V-tail aircraft
Aerocar Mini-IMP. The Aerocar Mini-IMP (Independently Made Plane) is a light aircraft designed by Moulton Taylor and marketed for homebuilding by Aerocar International. It is a scaled-down derivative of his original Aerocar IMP design. A two-seat version called the Bullet was also built. The Mini-IMP follows the same unconventional layout as its larger predecessor, with a center mounted engine, long driveshaft to a tail propeller, and inverted-V rudder/elevators.

The aircraft is available in the form of plans for amateur construction. Following Taylor's death, the plans and licensing for the Mini-IMP have been marketed by the Mini-IMP Aircraft Company of Weatherford, Texas.

Design and development
The aircraft features a cantilever high-wing, a single-seat enclosed cockpit, fixed or retractable tricycle landing gear or conventional landing gear and a single engine in pusher configuration.

The aircraft is made from riveted aluminum sheet. Its  span wing is mounted well behind the pilot and employs a NASA GA(PC)-1 airfoil. The engine is mounted behind the pilot's seat driving the propeller through an extension shaft. Engines used include the   Volkswagen air-cooled engine four-stroke.

Taylor claimed the Mini-IMP was not an original design, but an updated version of the 1912 Edson Fessenden Gallaudet Bullet, a design that was capable of 110 mph in the earliest days of flight.

In the late 1970s inquiries were made concerning a military version of the Mini-IMP, skinned with Kevlar, armed with two 7.62-millimeter machine guns, and with room in the baggage compartment for a considerable quantity of ammunition. Nothing came of the proposal.

Specifications (typical Mini-IMP)

See also
Related development:
Holcomb Perigee
IMP
Micro-IMP

References

External links

Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
1970s United States civil utility aircraft
Mini-IMP
High-wing aircraft
Aerocar Micro-IMP. 

The Aerocar Micro-IMP was a light sportsplane developed from the successful Mini-IMP homebuilt. Designed by Moulton Taylor and Jerry Holcomb in 1978, it was finished in 1981 and demonstrated at Oshkosh the following year.

A unique feature of the aircraft was that it was built out of fibreglass-reinforced paper – it was intended that the aircraft "kit" would be marketed printed on paper. The builder would cut out the parts and laminate them between fibreglass mats to build up the structure of the aircraft.

The Micro-IMP was ultimately a disappointment because its powerplant (taken from the Citroën 2CV) proved unsuitable, and a projected higher-powered version of the engine did not eventually become available. Holcomb later built a refined version with a different powerplant as the Ultra-IMP.

Specifications (Micro-IMP, Citroën engine, performance estimated)

See also

References

 John W. R. Taylor. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1982–83. London:Jane's Yearbooks, 1982. .

1980s United States sport aircraft
Micro-IMP
Aircraft first flown in 1981
High-wing aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Heat current. A heat current or thermal current is a kinetic exchange rate between molecules, relative to the material in which the kinesis occurs. It is defined as the net rate of flow of heat. The SI unit of heat current is the watt, which is the flow of heat across a surface at the rate of one Joule per second.

For conduction, heat current is defined by Fourier's law as
 
where
 is the amount of heat transferred per unit time [W] and

 is an oriented surface area element [m2]
The above differential equation, when integrated for a homogeneous material of 1-D geometry between two endpoints at constant temperature, gives the heat flow rate as:
 
where
 A is the cross-sectional surface area,
  is the temperature difference between the ends,
  is the distance between the ends.

For thermal radiation, heat current is defined as

where the constant of proportionality  is the Stefan–Boltzmann constant,  is the radiating surface area, and  is temperature.

Heat current can also be thought of as the total phonon distribution multiplied by the energy of one phonon, times the group velocity of the phonons. The phonon distribution of a particular phonon mode is given by the Bose-Einstein factor, which is dependent on temperature and phonon energy.

See also
 Thermal conduction
 Thermal conductivity

References

Heat transfer
Spectral induced polarisation. Spectral induced polarization (SIP), or complex resistivity (CR) and also complex conductivity (CC), is a geophysical survey technique and an extension of the induced polarization (IP) method, being itself an extension of measuring the Earth's resistance at a single frequency or under direct current (DC) (a technique commonly known by the name resistivity). SIP measures the frequency-dependent (i.e. spectral) complex impedance, equivalent to the amount of resistance and phase shift between electric current and voltage. The usual frequency range for alternating current (AC) applied during SIP surveys is tens of kHz to MHz. As with other geophysical methods, SIP aims to distinguish material properties of the subsurface, such as salinity and saturation.

See also 
 AC impedance spectroscopy
 Electrical resistivity measurement of concrete

References 

Geophysical imaging
SPIN model checker. SPIN is a general tool for verifying the correctness of concurrent software models in a rigorous and mostly automated fashion. It was written by Gerard J. Holzmann and others in the original Unix group of the Computing Sciences Research Center at Bell Labs, beginning in 1980. The software has been available freely since 1991, and continues to evolve to keep pace with new developments in the field.

Tool
Systems to be verified are described in Promela (Process Meta Language), which supports modeling of asynchronous distributed algorithms as non-deterministic automata (SPIN stands for "Simple Promela Interpreter"). Properties to be verified are expressed as Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) formulas, which are negated and then converted into Büchi automata as part of the model-checking algorithm. In addition to model-checking, SPIN can also operate as a simulator, following one possible execution path through the system and presenting the resulting execution trace to the user.

Unlike many model-checkers, SPIN does not actually perform model-checking itself, but instead generates C sources for a problem-specific model checker. This technique saves memory and improves performance, while also allowing the direct insertion of chunks of C code into the model. SPIN also offers a large number of options to further speed up the model-checking process and save memory, such as:
partial order reduction;
state compression;
bitstate hashing (instead of storing whole states, only their hash code is remembered in a bitfield; this saves a lot of memory but voids completeness);
weak fairness enforcement.

Since 1995, (approximately) annual SPIN workshops have been held for SPIN users, researchers, and those generally interested in model checking.

In 2001, the Association for Computing Machinery awarded SPIN its System Software Award.

See also
 NuSMV
 Uppaal Model Checker

References

Further reading
Holzmann, G. J., The SPIN Model Checker: Primer and Reference Manual. Addison-Wesley, 2004. .

External links
SPIN website

Model checkers
Holcomb Perigee. 

The Holcomb Perigee was a prototype sportsplane built in the United States in 1987 by Jerry Holcomb. Originally known as the Ultra-IMP, it was a refinement of the Aerocar Micro-IMP and attempted to overcome the major shortcoming of that design - a lack of power - by replacing the adapted automobile engine that had been used in its predecessor with an engine designed to power ultralights.

See also

1980s United States sport aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Idleness. Idleness is a lack of motion or energy. In describing a person, idle suggests having no labor: "idly passing the day". 

In physics, an idle machine exerts no transfer of energy. When a vehicle is not in motion, an idling engine does no useful thermodynamic work. In computing, an idle processor or network circuit is not being used by any program, application, or message.

Cultural norms 

Typically, when one describes a machine as idle, it is an objective statement regarding its current state. However, when used to describe a person, idle typically carries a negative connotation, with the assumption that the person is wasting their time by doing nothing of value.

Such a view is reflected in the proverb "an idle mind is the devil's workshop". Also, the popular phrase "killing time" refers to idleness and can be defined as spending time doing nothing in particular in order that time seems to pass more quickly. These interpretations of idleness are not universal – they are more typically associated with Western cultures. Idleness was considered a disorderly offence in England punishable as a summary offense.

Involuntary enforced idleness is the punishment used for lazy or slacking workers in zero-hour contracts. Paid time off, which was introduced in the 20th century as a trade unionist reform, is now absent from an increasing number of job arrangements both as a money-saving mechanism and so that only work pays and thus reinforcing the stigma against idleness and enabling nature's punishment of idleness in the form of destitution and starvation.

Analysis and interpretation 
Philosopher Bertrand Russell published In Praise of Idleness and Other Essays in 1935, exploring the virtues of being idle in modern society. 

Founded in 1993 by Tom Hodgkinson, the magazine The Idler is devoted to promoting the ethos of "idle living". Hodgkinson published How to Be Idle in 2005 (subsequently subtitled A Loafer's Manifesto in 2007), also aimed to improve the public perception of idling.

The Importance of Being Idle: A Little Book of Lazy Inspiration is a humorous self-help book published in August 2000. The book inspired the title of the 2005 chart-topping single by English rock band Oasis. 

Mark Slouka published the essay "Quitting the Paint Factory: The Virtues of Idleness", hinting at a post-scarcity economy and linking conscious busyness with anti-democratic and fascist tendencies.

Idleness: A Philosophical Essay is a 2018 publication contending the idle state is one of true freedom.

See also 

 Inert
 Laziness
 Leisure
 Loitering
 Refusal of work
 Soldiering
 Slow movement (culture)
 Work (disambiguation)

References

Further reading

Human behavior
Hping. hping is an open-source packet generator and analyzer for the TCP/IP protocol created by Salvatore Sanfilippo (also known as Antirez).
It is one of the common tools used for security auditing and testing of firewalls and networks, and was used to exploit the idle scan scanning technique (also invented by the hping author), and now implemented in the Nmap Security Scanner. The new version of hping, hping3, is scriptable using the Tcl language and implements an engine for string based, human-readable description of TCP/IP packets so that the programmer can write scripts related to low level TCP/IP packet manipulation and analysis in a short time.

See also

 Nmap Security Scanner: Nmap and hping are often considered complementary to one another.
 Mausezahn: Another fast and versatile packet generator that also supports Ethernet header manipulation.
 Packet Sender: A packet generator with a focus on ease of use.

External links
The Hping Website 
The Hping Wiki 
Idle Scanning, paper by Nmap author Fyodor.
Hping 2 Fixed for Windows XP SP2 (Service Pack 2)

Free network-related software
Unix network-related software
Network analyzers
Frank Wanlass. Frank Marion Wanlass (May 17, 1933, in Thatcher, AZ – September 9, 2010, in Santa Clara, California) was an American electrical engineer. He is best known for inventing CMOS (complementary MOS) logic in 1963. CMOS has since become the standard semiconductor device fabrication process for MOSFETs (metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors).

Biography
He obtained his PhD from the University of Utah. Wanlass invented CMOS (complementary MOS) logic circuits with Chih-Tang Sah in 1963, while working at Fairchild Semiconductor. Wanlass was given U.S. patent #3,356,858 for "Low Stand-By Power Complementary Field Effect Circuitry" in 1967.

In 1963, while studying MOSFET (metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor) structures, he noted the movement of charge through oxide onto a gate. While he did not pursue it, this idea would later become the basis for EPROM (erasable programmable read-only memory) technology.

In 1964, Wanlass moved to General Microelectronics (GMe), where he made the first commercial MOS integrated circuits, and a year later to General Instrument Microelectronics Division in New York, 
where he developed four-phase logic.

He was also remembered for his contribution to solving threshold voltage stability in MOS transistors due to sodium ion drift.

In 1991, Wanlass was awarded the IEEE Solid-State Circuits Award.

In 2009, on the 50th anniversary of both the MOSFET and the integrated circuit, Frank Wanlass was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame for his invention of CMOS logic. He was part of the 2009 class celebrating semiconductor pioneers, along with inventors of semiconductor technologies such as the MOSFET (Mohamed Atalla and Dawon Kahng), planar process (Jean Hoerni), EPROM (Dov Frohman) and molecular beam epitaxy (Alfred Y. Cho).

Wanlass died on 9 September 2010.

References

External links
 Invent Now, Inventor Profile – Frank Wanlass 
 University of Utah, Alumni Profile – Frank Wanlass
 Obituary (requires subscription)
 Obituary (republished)

1933 births
2010 deaths
American electronics engineers
MOSFETs