omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Kinetic PreProcessor. The Kinetic PreProcessor (KPP) is an open-source software tool used in atmospheric chemistry. Taking a set of chemical reactions and their rate coefficients as input, KPP generates Fortran 90, FORTRAN 77, C, or Matlab code 
of the resulting ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Solving the ODEs allows the temporal integration of the kinetic system. Efficiency is obtained by exploiting the sparsity structures of the Jacobian and of the Hessian. A comprehensive suite of stiff numerical integrators is also provided. Moreover, KPP can be used to generate the tangent linear model, as well as the continuous and discrete adjoint models of the chemical system.

Models using KPP 
 BASCOE - A data assimilation system based on a chemical transport model and created by the Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB)
 Boream - Model for the degradation of alpha-pinene	
 BOXMOX - Box model extensions to KPP
 CMAQ - Community Multiscale Air Quality model
 DSMACC - Dynamically Simple Model of Atmospheric Chemical Complexity
 GEOS–Chem - Global 3-D chemical transport model for atmospheric composition
 MALTE - Model to predict new aerosol formation in the lower troposphere
 MCM - Master Chemical Mechanism 
 MECCA - Module Efficiently Calculating the Chemistry of the Atmosphere
 Mistra - Microphysical Stratus model
 PACT-1D - Platform for Atmospheric Chemistry and vertical Transport in 1-dimension
 PALM - Meteorological modeling system for atmospheric and oceanic boundary layer flows
 RACM - Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Mechanism gas-phase chemistry mechanism
 WRF-Chem - Weather Research & Forecasting Model with Chemistry

See also 
 Chemical kinetics
 Autochem
 CHEMKIN
 Cantera
 Chemical WorkBench

External links
 KPP documentation
 GitHub repository
 KPP web page
 The Kinetic PreProcessor KPP 3.0.0
 The Kinetic PreProcessor KPP-2.1
 Forward, Tangent Linear, and Adjoint Runge Kutta Methods in KPP–2.2 for Efficient Chemical Kinetic Simulations
 KPPA (the Kinetic PreProcessor: Accelerated)
 KPP Fortran to CUDA source-to-source Pre-processor (Open License)

Computational chemistry software
Chemical kinetics
Environmental chemistry
José Luis Luege Tamargo. José Luis Luege Tamargo (born November 9, 1953, in Mexico City, Mexico) is a Mexican politician and bureaucrat. Luege holds a degree in Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering at UNAM, where he taught for five years. He obtained two specialties in iron and steel processes, one at the National Autonomous University of Mexico and another at the "National Center for Iron and Steel Processes" in Madrid. He worked for 14 years in the national iron and steel industry.

His career
Luege Tamargo's political career began in the early 1980s and in 1988 he was elected to the federal Chamber of Deputies, representing the National Action Party in the Seventeenth Federal Electoral District of the Federal District. He participated in the Ecology, Industry, Trade and Federal District Commissions.
From 1994 to 1997, he served as Representative of the Federal District Legislative Assembly, where he headed the Commission for Urban Roads and Highway Administration. During this period, he achieved consensus for a new law of transport for the capital and took part in crucial studies on the problem of transport and highway administration from a metropolitan perspective.
From 1990 to 1995, he was PAN representative in the National Commission for the Surveillance of the Federal Voters' Register, where he encouraged the reorganization of the Federal Voters' list and the issuing of a new voting card with a photograph and during the period from 94-87, he was also a replacement deputy for the general IFE Council.
From 1999 to 2003, Luege has been President of the PAN Regional Board of Directors in the Federal District for two periods.
He is currently a member of the National Council and since February 2002, has been a member of the National Executive Committee.
On 2003, he was appointed Attorney General for Environmental Protection.
On 2005, he was appointed Head of the Secretariat of the Environment and Natural Resources.
On 1 December 2006, he was appointed Director General of the National Water Commission by President Felipe Calderón.

References

External links
National Water Commission Website  

Mexican engineers
Politicians from Mexico City
Living people
National Action Party (Mexico) politicians
Members of the Congress of Mexico City
1953 births
Deputies of the LIV Legislature of Mexico
National market system plan. A national market system plan (or NMS plan) is a structured method of transmitting securities transactions in real-time.  In the United States, national market systems are governed by section 11A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

In addition to processing the transactions themselves, these plans also emit the price, volume data, and regulatory auditing information for these transactions.  Information on each securities trade is sent to a central network at the Securities Industry Automation Corporation (SIAC) where it is then distributed, consolidated with other trades on the same "tape".

There are three major tapes in the United States: Tape A and Tape B (which together are called the "Consolidated Tape"), and Tape C.

CTA Plan
The CTA SIP handles Tape A and Tape B securities and provides two feeds: the Consolidated Quotation System (CQS) for quotes and, the NBBO, and the Consolidated Tape System (CTS) for trades.

UTP Plan
The UTP SIP handles Tape C securities and provides two feeds, the UQDF for quotes and the NBBO and the UTDF for trades. Tape C contains stocks listed on NASDAQ, and is overseen by the UTP Plsn.

OPRA Plan
The Options Price Reporting Authority provides trade and quote information for all U.S. options exchanges.

See also
 Consolidated Tape System
 Ticker tape
 Securities information processor
 UTP Plan
 CTA Plan

References

Financial markets

External links 
Limit Up/Limit Down
Harrison Hayter. Harrison Hayter (10 April 1825 – 5 May 1898) was a British engineer, participating in many significant railway construction projects in Britain and many harbour and dock constructions worldwide.

Biography

Hayter was born at Flushing near Falmouth, Cornwall the second son of Henry Hayter and his wife Eliza Jane Heylyn. He became a Civil Engineer, and began his professional training on the Stockton and Darlington Railway and then in the construction of the Great Northern Railway. In 1856 he was living in Anglesey, while working on the construction of Holyhead Harbour.

In 1857 he joined Sir John Hawkshaw and was associated with most of his projects until Sir John retired in 1888. These including the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway, Charing Cross and Cannon Street Lines, East London Railway, completion of Inner Circle, the Severn Tunnel Railway and many overseas railways. The bridges he helped build included the Charing Cross Railway Bridge, in 1864 he was awarded a Telford Medal by the Institution of Civil Engineers for his paper 'On the Charing Cross Bridge',
the Cannon Street Railway Bridge and the Clifton Suspension Bridge. Harbours were at Alderney, IJmuiden (Holland) and Mornungao (India) and docks at Hull, Penarth, Maryport, Fleetwood, Dover and the South dock of the West India Docks. Other works included the Amsterdam Ship Canal, the foundation of the Spithead Forts, River Witham middle level, Thames Valley drainages, and sewerage in Brighton. When he died he was completing a large system of docks at Buenos Aires (a dredged channel  long and a  river frontage), where James Murray Dobson was the resident engineer.

Harrison was a Lieutenant-Colonel in the Engineer and Railway Volunteer Staff Corps and served as President of the Institution of Civil Engineers between May 1892 and May 1893.

He was buried on the eastern side of Highgate Cemetery.

Harrison was a younger brother of Henry Heylyn Hayter the Australian statistician. In 1854 he married Eliza Jane Walker (1827–1882), the eldest daughter of Rev Thomas Walker, Rector of Offord D'Arcy, Huntingdonshire and a Lincolnshire landowner. They had eight children including Rev. William Thomas Baring Hayter and Frances Jane Hayter who married Falconer Madan (1851–1935), Librarian of the Bodleian Library of the University of Oxford.  He is the great great grandfather of Paul Hayter.

Publications
 An Account of the Construction of large Breakwaters at Holyhead.
 Details of the Construction of Charing Cross Railway Bridge
 Construction of Amsterdam Ship Canal

References

Who's Who

        
        
        
        
        
        

1825 births
1898 deaths
People from Flushing, Cornwall
Engineers from Cornwall
British railway civil engineers
Presidents of the Institution of Civil Engineers
Engineer and Railway Staff Corps officers
British bridge engineers
English canal engineers
Harbour engineers
Burials at Highgate Cemetery
Carolyn S. Griner. Carolyn S. Griner (born 1945) is an American astronautical engineer. She served as the Acting Director of the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center from January 3, 1998 to September 11, 1998, between the terms of the eighth and ninth Directors. Before and after her term as Acting Director, she was Deputy Director of the Marshall Center.  She retired from NASA on December 11, 2000.  She is currently a Vice President of Science Applications International Corporation in Huntsville, Alabama.

Griner joined the Marshall staff in 1964. She has received numerous awards throughout her career, including the NASA Exceptional Service Medal in 1986, the Presidential Rank of Meritorious Executive in 1992 and the Presidential Rank of Distinguished Executive in 1995.

On June 30, 1999, Griner received the space agency's highest honor, the Distinguished Service Medal, for her extraordinary contributions to NASA's missions.

She earned her bachelor's degree in astronautical engineering from Florida State University in Tallahassee in 1967. She has completed graduate work in industrial and systems engineering at the University of Alabama in Huntsville.

References

External links 
 NASA History Division - Center Directors 

NASA people
Florida State University alumni
University of Alabama alumni
Living people
1945 births
Directors of the Marshall Space Flight Center
Kingsford Smith Cropmaster. The KS-3 Cropmaster was an Australian agricultural aircraft developed from the CAC Wackett, an aircraft used for training purposes during World War II.

Design and development
The KS-3 was developed from the CAC Wackett by Kingsford Smith Aviation Services Pty. Ltd. (KSAS) for aerial top-dressing and spraying.

John Brown OBE had purchased KSAS in 1946 (the company was started by Sir Charles Kingsford Smith in 1933, but was defunct at the time of Brown's purchase) and made several attempts to develop an agricultural aircraft suitable for Australian conditions. Modifications to a war-surplus CAC Wackett airframe (C/N 283, VH-AJH) had resulted in the KS-1 and KS-2, but feedback from Bill Boulden (Chief Pilot at Airwork Pty Ltd in Perth) indicated the hopper should be placed behind the pilot, for better visibility, easier loading of the hopper and avoiding cleaning the windscreen after loading. KSAS converted Wackett C/N 299 to become the first KS-3 Cropmaster, and it had its first flight on 29 November 1957.

All KS-3 airframes were converted from war-surplus Wackett airframes. The changes included reducing the wing and tail-plane incidence, covering the fixed leading-edge slots, removing the rounded wing-tip fairings, adding a 13 cubic foot (400 litre) aluminium chemical hopper in place of the rear seat and modifying the control routes around the hopper outlet.

Specifications (Kingsford Smith Aviation Services KS-3 Cropmaster)

See also
Yeoman Cropmaster

References

 Tiger Moth, CT-4, Wackett & Winjeel in Australian Service Stewart Wilson. Aerospace Publications Pty. Ltd. 
 Aerial Agriculture in Australia Derrick Rolland. 1996 Aerial Agricultural Association of Australia Ltd. 
 original company documents and plans held by Fred Burke
 research material compiled by Allyn Eckford
 photographs by Ben Danneker

External links
 http://dbdesignbureau.buckmasterfamily.id.au/aus_aircraft.htm

1960s Australian agricultural aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1957
Line Drawing System-1. LDS-1 (Line Drawing System-1) was a calligraphic (vector, rather than raster) display processor and display device created by Evans & Sutherland in 1969. This model was known as the first graphics device with a graphics processing unit.

Features

It was controlled by a variety of host computers.  Straight lines were smoothly rendered in real-time animation.  General principles of operation were similar to the systems used today: 4x4 transformation matrices, 1x4 vertices. Possible uses included flight simulation (in the product brochure there are screenshots of landing on a carrier), scientific imaging and GIS systems.

History
The first LDS-1 was shipped to the customer (BBN) in August 1969.
Only a few of these systems were ever built. One was used by the Los Angeles Times as their first typesetting/layout computer. One went to NASA Ames Research Center for Human Factors Research. Another was bought by the Port Authority of New York to develop a tugboat pilot trainer for navigation in the harbor.  The MIT Dynamic Modeling had one, and there was a program for viewing an ongoing game of Maze War.

See also
 , where Project Logos had an LDS-1.

References

External links
LDS-1 documentation

See also
Vector General
SuperPaint

Computer graphics
Graphical terminals
History of human–computer interaction
Trellis (graph). A trellis is a graph whose nodes are ordered into vertical slices (time) with every node at almost every time connected to at least one node at an earlier and at least one node at a later time. The earliest and latest times in the trellis have only one node (hence the "almost" in the preceding sentence).

Trellises are used in encoders and decoders for communication theory and encryption. They are also the central datatype used in Baum–Welch algorithm or the Viterbi Algorithm for Hidden Markov Models.

The trellis graph is named for its similar appearance to an architectural trellis.

References

See also
 Trellis modulation
 Trellis quantization

Application-specific graphs
Telecommunication theory
Kernel debugger. A kernel debugger is a debugger present in some  operating system kernels to ease debugging and kernel development by the kernel developers.  A kernel debugger might be a stub implementing low-level operations, with a full-blown debugger such as GNU Debugger (gdb), running on another machine, sending commands to the stub over a serial line or a network connection, or it might provide a command line that can be used directly on the machine being debugged.

Operating systems and operating system kernels that contain a kernel debugger:
 The Windows NT family includes a kernel debugger named KD, which can act as a local debugger with limited capabilities (reading and writing kernel memory, and setting breakpoints) and can attach to a remote machine over a serial line, IEEE 1394 connection, USB 2.0 or USB 3.0 connection.  The WinDbg GUI debugger can also be used to debug kernels on local and remote machines.
 BeOS and Haiku include a kernel debugger usable with either an on-screen console or over a serial line. It features various commands to inspect memory, threads, and other kernel structures. 
 DragonFly BSD
 Linux kernel; No kernel debugger was included in the mainline Linux tree prior to version 2.6.26-rc1 because Linus Torvalds didn't want a kernel debugger in the kernel.
 KDB (local)
 KGDB (remote)
 MDB (local/remote)
 NetBSD (DDB for local, KGDB for remote)
 macOS - ddb for local, kdp for remote
 OpenBSD includes ddb which has a syntax is similar to GNU Debugger.

References

Debuggers
Operating system kernels
BAM B26. The BAM XS-B26 is a Chinese copy of the Beeman R9. It is available in two calibers: .177 and .22. It is a break barrel type air rifle.

The 26 in B26 is for 26 mm chamber, but it never went into production at 26 mm.
It has a 25 mm chamber. The Beeman R9 has 26 mm, where the B26 does not have the 26 mm chamber.

Now Bam B26 is 26 mm chamber.

References

Air guns
Gull Force 10. Gull Force 10 is a brand of E10, 98 octane fuel marketed by Gull Petroleum in New Zealand, consisting of 10% bioethanol and 90% gasoline. The fuel was the first biofuel product to go on sale in the country, and was launched by Prime Minister Helen Clark on August 1, 2007.

The bioethanol is produced by Fonterra from the fermentation of whey, a by-product of New Zealand's large dairy industry. Trials of the fuel have been taking place in New Zealand since 2004, although other countries have been using similar fuels for many years. Under the government's Biofuels Sales Obligation, announced on February 13, 2007, oil companies must sell 3.4% biofuels (by energy content) by 2012. This requirement was rescinded by the National-led government.

See also

Biofuels in New Zealand
Renewable energy
Peak oil
Low-carbon economy

References

External links
Gull Petroleum: Information on Force 10
Fornterra: BioEthanol as a transport fuel
AA: Biofuel & general guidelines for motorists

Biofuel in New Zealand
Road transport in New Zealand
National Atmospheric Research Laboratory. The National Atmospheric Research Laboratory(NARL) is an autonomous Research Institute funded by the Department of Space of the Government of India. NARL is engaged in fundamental and applied research in the field of Atmospheric Sciences. The research institute was started in 1992 as National Mesosphere-Stratosphere-Troposphere (MST) Radar Facility (NMRF). Over the years many other facilities such as Mie/Rayleigh Lidar, Lower atmospheric wind profiler, optical rain gauge, disdrometer, and automated weather stations were added. The NMRF was then expanded into a research institute and renamed as National Atmospheric Research Laboratory on 22 September 2005.

References

Space programme of India
Research institutes in Andhra Pradesh
1992 establishments in Andhra Pradesh
Research institutes established in 1992
Regener-Tonne. The Regener barrel () was the name of a scientific payload for the World War II V-2 rocket.

Mid-1942 plans for subsequent launches to study upper-atmospheric guidance and science were not carried out due to the need for test launches and the eventual advance of the Russian armies.

The first meeting was held on July 8, 1942, at the Peenemünde Army Research Station under the direction of Wernher von Braun with the participation of Erich Regener, Ernst Steinhoff, Gerhard Reisig, Helmut Gröttrup, Alfred Ehmert, and Erwin Schopper, among others. Wernher von Braun also tried to win Manfred von Ardenne for cooperation, but he declined.

Instrumentation had been contracted on July 11, 1942; and the Research Foundation for the Physics of the Stratosphere was to develop the "Regener barrel" with a quartz barograph, a recording thermometer, an ultraviolet spectrograph, and an air sampler.

By January 18, 1945, rumors of nearby Soviet tanks resulted in Erich Regener's organization being sent from Peenemünde before the A-4 instrument package had been finished. The Regener-Tonne parachute was tested at Test Stand VII of the Peenemünde Army Research Center and a mock-up was launched in January 1945.

References

World War II guided missiles of Germany
Remedy Debugger. The Remedy debugger was the first embedded system level debugger in the world. It offered many features that users take for granted today in the days when having a source level debugger was a luxury. Some of these features include:
 Multiprocessor operation
 Heterogeneous
 Distributed
 Dynamic thread view of the system
 Synchronized debugging for multiple threads
 Trace functions
 Operating system resource displays
 Source and assembly level debugging

It started as an academic research project (originally called Melody for debugging the Harmony Operating System). The results were published in one of the early papers on debugging multiprocessor systems.

The current version of the Unison Operating System continues to use both gdb and Remedy debugger.

References

Debuggers
Erich Bachem. Erich Bachem (12 August 1906, in Mülheim an der Ruhr – 25 March 1960) was a German engineer.

In the 1930s Erich Bachem designed the Aero-Sport camping trailer built from plywood by the glider company Wolf Hirth in Kirchheim unter Teck. Until 1942 Bachem served as technical director for the aircraft manufacturer Fieseler. In February 1942 he founded Bachem-Werke GmbH, a supplier of spare parts for the aircraft industry, in Waldsee, Baden-Württemberg.

In 1944, he designed for the SS the vertical take-off manned rocket plane Bachem Ba 349 Natter. The only manned test flight on 1 March 1945 ended with pilot Lothar Sieber being killed.

In 1947/48 Erich Bachem left Germany through Denmark and Sweden in order to settle in Argentina. Possibly he wished to escape US agents who planned to send him to the USA with Wernher von Braun's group as part of Operation Overcast. In Argentina, among other things, he constructed a factory for guitars with interchangeable bottoms.

In 1952 Bachem returned to Germany to become technical director for the company of his father-in-law Heinrich Wilhelm Schwarz, Ruhrthaler Maschinenfabrik Schwarz & Dyckerhoff GmbH, in Mülheim. There he developed the modern streamlined mine locomotive Ruhrthaler Vollsicht along with various other pieces of mining machinery and long-distance diesel locomotives. He occupied this position until his untimely death.

Eriba caravans 

From 1957, together with Erwin Hymer at Hymer, he designed caravans sold as Eriba (Erich Bachem, or possibly Erika Bachem after his wife) with names like Puck, Pan, Triton, Troll and the very rare, large Titan and Odin models. These were designed for light weight, the smallest Puck being able to be towed by a VW Beetle or NSU Prinz. Despite this light weight, they were unusually well constructed with a steel tube internal frame and an insulated aluminium skin over this, at a time when most caravans were still made of plywood. The basic design continues in production today, over 60 years later, and original caravans are sought after. They are still distinguished by their 'pop top', a section of the fibreglass roof that raises to provide extra headroom, with a canvas cover between. When lowered for towing, this reduces the overall height and wind resistance of the trailer.

Publications
 Die Praxis des Leistungs-Segelfliegens. Berlin: Volckmann 1932, 2. Auflage 1936
 Das Problem des Schnellstfluges. Stuttgart: Franckh 1933
 Beitrag in: Probleme aus der astronautischen Grundlagenforschung, hrsg. v. Heinz H. Koelle, 1952

References

Bibliography
Gooden, Brett. Natter: Manned Missile of the Third Reich: Historic Step to Human Spaceflight. Rundle Mall, Australia: Brett Gooden, 2019. 
 
 Nachrufartikel in: Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft für Luft- und Raumfahrt: Jahrbuch, Jg. 1960, S. 479
 Volker Hammermeister, Die Legende lebt, in: Caravaning, Heft 2/2007, S. 12f (auch online

External links

 Erich Bachem at astronautix.com
 Eriba France
 Abfangjagdflugzeug Bachem Ba 349 "Natter"
 U.S. Intelligence Report Photos

Bachem aircraft
Aircraft designers
Engineers from North Rhine-Westphalia
1906 births
1960 deaths
People from Mülheim