omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Armstrong Siddeley Tiger. The Armstrong Siddeley Tiger was a British 14-cylinder air-cooled aircraft radial engine developed by Armstrong Siddeley in the 1930s from their Jaguar engine. The engine was built in a number of different versions but performance and dimensions stayed relatively unchanged. The Tiger VIII was the first British aircraft engine to use a two-speed supercharger.

Applications
Armstrong Whitworth A.W.19
Armstrong Whitworth AW.23
Armstrong Whitworth A.W.29
Armstrong Whitworth Ensign 
Armstrong Whitworth Whitley
Blackburn B-6
Blackburn B-7
Blackburn Shark
Blackburn Ripon
Fairey G4/31
Handley Page H.P.51 
Short Calcutta

Engines on display
A preserved Armstrong Siddeley Tiger is on display at the Science Museum (London).

Specifications (Tiger VIII)

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

 Gunston, Bill. World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines. Cambridge, England. Patrick Stephens Limited, 1989. 
 Lumsden, Alec. British Piston Engines and their Aircraft. Marlborough, Wiltshire: Airlife Publishing, 2003. .

External links
 Oldengine.org

1930s aircraft piston engines
Aircraft air-cooled radial piston engines
Tiger
Reflector oven. A reflector oven (sometimes known in older cooking literature as a tin kitchen), is a polished metal container, often made of tin.  It is designed to enclose an article of food on all but one side, to cause it to bake by capturing radiant heat from an open fire, and reflecting the heat towards the food, avoiding smoke flavoring the food. In its simplest form, a reflector oven is simply a box or collar that partially surrounds the food, with an open side that faces the heat source, which is generally either a hearth fire or a portable stove, depending on the situation in which the food is being prepared.  In Colonial America this method of baking meat, fowl, quick bread, or pastries, was a very popular method for hearth cooking.

A reflector oven that uses the Sun as its primary heat source is known as a solar cooker.

A Reflector oven is set beside the fire to capture the radiant heat, and bake with it.  It is often tin, new ones are made from aluminum.  The picture with this article shows it being set directly on the coals.

See also
 List of ovens
 Outdoor cooking

References

Ovens
Glaser coupling. The Glaser coupling is a type of coupling reaction. It is by far one of the oldest coupling reactions and is based on copper compounds like copper(I) chloride or copper(I) bromide and an additional oxidant like air. The base used in the original research paper is ammonia and the solvent is water or an alcohol.
The reaction was first reported by  in 1869.  He suggested the following process on his way to diphenylbutadiyne:
CuCl + PhC2H + NH3 → PhC2Cu + NH4Cl
4PhC2Cu + O2 → 2PhC2C2Ph + 2Cu2O

Modifications

Eglinton reaction

In the related Eglinton reaction two terminal alkynes are coupled by a copper(II) salt such as cupric acetate.
2R-\!{\equiv}\!-H ->[\ce{Cu(OAc)2}][\ce{pyridine}] R-\!{\equiv}\!-\!{\equiv}\!-R

The oxidative coupling of alkynes has been used to synthesize a number of natural products. The stoichiometry is represented by this highly simplified scheme:

Such reactions proceed via copper(I)-alkyne complexes.

This methodology was used in the synthesis of cyclooctadecanonaene. Another example is the synthesis of diphenylbutadiyne from phenylacetylene.

Hay coupling
The Hay coupling is variant of the Glaser coupling. It relies on the TMEDA complex of copper(I) chloride to activate the terminal alkyne. Oxygen (air) is used in the Hay variant to oxidize catalytic amounts of Cu(I) to Cu(II) throughout the reaction, as opposed to a stoichiometric amount of Cu(II) used in the Eglington variant. The Hay coupling of trimethylsilylacetylene gives the butadiyne derivative.

Scope
In 1882 Adolf von Baeyer used the method to prepare 1,4-bis(2-nitrophenyl)butadiyne, en route to indigo dye.

Shortly afterwards, Baeyer reported a different route to indigo, now known as the Baeyer–Drewson indigo synthesis.

See also
 Cadiot–Chodkiewicz coupling - Another alkyne coupling reaction catalysed by copper(I).
 Sonogashira coupling - Pd/Cu catalysed coupling of an alkyne and an aryl or vinyl halide
 Castro–Stephens coupling - A cross-coupling reaction between a copper(I) acetylide and an aryl halide
 Fritsch–Buttenberg–Wiechell rearrangement - can also form diynes

References

Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions
Name reactions
Abraham González Uyeda. Abraham Kunio González Uyeda (born 14 September 1996 in Mexico) is a Mexican politician and the current Secretary for Economic Development of the State of Jalisco since December, 2006. He graduated in Industrial Engineering from the Western Institute of Technology and Higher Education (Spanish: Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Occidente – ITESO).

References

External links
SEGOB's Website

Mexican businesspeople
Living people
Members of the Congress of Jalisco
1996 births
Indus Basin Project. The Indus Basin Project is a water control project that resulted from a treaty, Indus Waters Treaty, signed between India and Pakistan in 1960 that guaranteed what Pakistan would receive water from the Indus River independent from upstream control by India.

The project consisted of the construction of two main dams, the Mangla Dam built on the Jhelum River and the Tarbela Dam constructed on the Indus River, together with their subsidiary dams.

References

Dams in Pakistan
Indus basin
Blériot-SPAD S.51. 

The Bleriot-SPAD S.51 was a French fighter aircraft developed in 1924 in response to a French Air Force requirement for an aircraft to replace their obsolete Nieuport-Delage NiD.29s.

Design and development

Designed by André Herbemont, the S.51 shared its basic configuration with his other aircraft of the period, being a biplane with a swept upper wing and unswept lower wing, joined by I-shaped interplane struts. Unlike earlier designs, the S.51 used metal construction for the wings.

The prototype S.51 was rejected by the French authorities, but revised versions found export customers in the Polish Air Force, which bought 50 of them, and the Turkish and Soviet air forces which each bought a single example. Another development, the S.51/3, was experimentally fitted with the first controllable-pitch propeller developed in France, also designed by Herbemont.

Variants
S.51
Prototype for French evaluation, 1x  Gnome et Rhône 9Aa radial engine.
S.51/2
Refined version exported to Poland, 1x  Gnome et Rhône 9Ab radial engine.
S.51/3
Prototype with variable-pitch propeller.
S.51/4
Export version for Turkey and the USSR with two extra machine guns in the wings.

Operators

Polish Air Force
 11th (Kościuszko) Squadron

Soviet Air Force – One aircraft, used for tests and trials.

Spanish Republican Air Force

Turkish Air Force

Specifications (S.51/2)

See also

References

Bibliography

External links

1920s French fighter aircraft
Blériot aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1924
AS-20. The AS-20 (Type 5110) was a French air-to-surface missile developed during the late 1950s. It was similar to the U.S. AGM-12 Bullpup missile.

Development
The AS-20 was based on an earlier Nord Aviation air-to-air missile the AA.20 (designated Type 5103). Only minor changes were required to make it an air-to-surface missile, the size of the warhead was increased as a result of replacing the large proximity fuze with a simple impact fuze.

Design
The AS-20 had four steeply swept-back fins, cruciform in cross-section around the midsection of its body. It used a dual-thrust solid rocket motor, which exhausted through two large nozzles during the boost stage, and a single center line nozzle during the sustain stage. The AS-20 uses a simple MCLOS guidance with the pilot aligning the flares on the missile's rear with the target and controlling the missile in flight after launch with a small joystick sending steering commands to the missile via a radio link.  The steering commands steer the missile back to the line-of-sight by thrust vectoring by the movement of one of four metal vanes around the center sustainer nozzle.  The missile's internal gyro gives the missile command unit, the correct position of the missile in flight, and to which of the four thrust vanes to actuate at the correct time.

Operational history
Approximately 8,000 of the missiles were built, with the missile entering service in 1961. The AS-20 was one of the primary weapons of the Fiat G.91 of the West German Air Force and Italian Air Force during the 1960s and 1970s. It was phased out of service in most countries in the 1970s, being replaced in France by the larger AS-30.

Operators

Former operators

References

 https://web.archive.org/web/20111211034704/http://www.vectorsite.net/twbomb_08.html#m2

Cold War air-to-surface missiles of France
Air-to-surface missiles of France
Military equipment introduced in the 1960s
Radio Interface Layer. A Radio Interface Layer (RIL) is a layer in an operating system which provides an interface to the hardware's radio and modem on e.g. a mobile phone.

Operating system implementations

Android 
The Android Open Source Project provides a Radio Interface Layer (RIL) between
Android telephony services (android.telephony) and the radio hardware.

It consists of a stack of two components: a RIL Daemon and a Vendor RIL.  The RIL Daemon talks to the telephony services and dispatches "solicited commands" to the Vendor RIL.  The Vendor RIL is specific to a particular radio implementation, and dispatches "unsolicited commands" up to the RIL Daemon.

Windows Mobile 

A RIL is a key component of Microsoft's Windows Mobile OS.  The RIL enables wireless voice or data applications to communicate with a GSM/GPRS or CDMA2000 1X modem on a Windows Mobile device.  The RIL provides the system interface between the CellCore layer within the Windows Mobile OS and the radio protocol stack used by the wireless modem hardware. The RIL, therefore, also allows OEMs to integrate a variety of modems into their equipment by providing this interface.

The RIL comprises two separate components: a RIL driver, which processes AT commands and events; and a RIL proxy, which manages requests from the multiple clients to the single RIL driver.  Except for PPP connections, all interaction between the Windows Mobile OS and the device radio stack is via the RIL.  (PPP connections initially use the RIL to establish the connection, but then bypass the RIL to connect directly to the virtual serial port assigned to the modem.)  In essence, the RIL accepts and converts all direct service requests from the upper layers (i.e., TAPI) into commands supported and understood by the modem.

Note that the RIL does not communicate directly with the modem, however.  Instead, the final link to the modem is typically the standard serial driver provided by the OEM's platform.

References

External links
 Android Platform Development Kit - Radio Interface Layer
 MSDN: Radio Interface Layer
 Windows Mobile RIL White Paper
 RIL Patent information
 MSDN: CellCore
 MSDN: CellCore Catalog Items
 MSDN: RIL Driver
 MSDN: RIL Proxy

Mobile technology
Iniziative Industriali Italiane. Iniziative Industriali Italiane or 3I is an Italian aircraft manufacturing company that was originally formed as Meteor S.p.A.. In 1947, a group of pilots founded Meteor S.p.A. in Trieste, Italy. Meteor's aim was to re-open Trieste airport, which had been destroyed in World War II. Meteor S.p.A.  gained the licence from the Italian Government to rebuild what is now the Trieste International Airport.

Meteor S.p.A. initially began by repairing surplus aircraft from the American Air Force, such as the three-seater Austers and the four-seater Fairchilds. During this same time a number of gliders were built: The MS-18 Falco, a single-seat trainer; the MS-21 Gabbiano, a two-seater trainer; the MS-30 Passero, a metal single-seat manufactured as a joint venture with Scheibe and the Canguro; and a two-seat competition glider, which has won significant records for altitude and distance over many years.

3I entered bankruptcy proceedings in 2008 and in 2012 the 3I Sky Arrow design was purchased by Magnaghi Aeronautica, of Naples, Italy.

References

Aircraft manufacturers of Italy
Manufacturing companies based in Trieste
Ōma Nuclear Power Plant. The  is a nuclear power facility under construction in Ōma, Aomori, Japan. 
It will be operated by the Electric Power Development Company (J-Power). 
The reactor would be unique for Japan in that it would be capable of using a 100% MOX fuel core, as requested by the 1995 decision by the Japanese Atomic Energy Commission. 
The fuel would utilize surplus plutonium by blending it with natural uranium, reducing the total radioactivity of nuclear waste and dramatically reducing the waste's lifetime.

In 2008, J-Power announced a 2.5-year delay to allow for additional work to make the plant resistant to a strong earthquake, making the operation start date in November 2014.
Following the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster of March 2011 construction at Oma was suspended for 18 months. 
Work was resumed in October 2012. 
In March 2013, the main reactor building was at its full height.

In December 2014 J-Power applied for safety checks at the Oma nuclear plant, slated for startup in 2021.

In September 2016, the commissioning date was postponed again, this time to late 2023 or early 2024. In September 2018, the startup was postponed until 2026 to allow for expanded screening.

As of September 2024, the reactor's start has been postponed to 2030 due to delays in the commencement of safety tests.

References

2010 establishments in Japan
Buildings and structures in Aomori Prefecture
Nuclear power stations using advanced boiling water reactors
Nuclear power stations in Japan
Nuclear power stations with reactors under construction
2014 establishments in Japan
Ōma
Methylmagnesium chloride. Methylmagnesium chloride is an organometallic compound with the general formula CH3MgCl. This highly flammable, colorless, and  moisture sensitive material is the simplest Grignard reagent and is commercially available, usually as a solution in tetrahydrofuran.

Synthesis and reactions
Relative to the more commonly encountered methylmagnesium bromide and methylmagnesium iodide, methylmagnesium chloride offers the advantages of low equivalent weight and low cost.  It is prepared by the reaction of methyl chloride and magnesium in ethyl ether.

As with most Grignard reagents, methylmagnesium chloride is highly solvated by ether solvents via coordination from two oxygen atoms to give a tetrahedrally bonded magnesium center.

Like methyllithium, it is the synthetic equivalent to the methyl carbanion synthon.  It reacts with water and other protic reagents to give methane, e.g.,:
CH3MgCl  +  ROH  →   CH4  +  MgCl(OR)

When treated with dioxane, ether solutions of methylmagnesium chloride reacts to give the insoluble coordination polymer with the formula MgCl2(dioxane)2.  Remaining in the solution is the dioxane adduct of dimethylmagnesium. This conversion exploits the Schlenk equilibrium, which is driven to the right by the precipitation of the magnesium halide: 
2 CH3MgCl  +  2 dioxane  →   (CH3)2Mg  +  MgCl2(dioxane)2

See also
 Methylation

Further reading

References

Organomagnesium compounds
Methylating agents
Methyl complexes
Integrated Electrical Services. IES Holdings, Inc., formerly known as Integrated Electrical Services, Inc., designs and installs integrated electrical and technology systems and provides infrastructure products and services to a variety of end markets, including data centers, residential housing, and commercial and industrial facilities

IES is headquartered in Houston, Texas and has 125+ locations with 8,000+ employees across the continental United States.

History 
June 26, 1997 incorporates as Integrated Electrical Services Incorporated.

January 27, 1998, Integrated Electrical Services began trading with the symbol (IEE) on the New York Stock Exchange.

In 2002 Integrated Electrical Services was ranked as the largest electrical contractor in the United States, with $ 1.475 billion in revenue.

In February 2006, Integrated Electrical Services filed for chapter 11 bankruptcy and in the same year, three months later, emerged.
  
February 28, 2011 Integrated Electrical Services sold its subsidiary Key Electrical Supply Inc. to Elliott Electric Supply Inc.

In July 2020, Integrated Electrical Services was listed as number five on Houston Chronicle's  "list of the region’s 100 best performing public companies".

Founding companies

Business Segments 
Infrastructure Solutions ~ Electro-mechanical 
Communications ~ Technology services to corporations.
Residential ~ Electrical services to multi and single family type housing. 
Industrial & Commercial ~Design, construct and maintain industrial and commercial type of operations.

Acquisitions

References

External links
Integrated Electrical Services
IES Communications 

Companies based in Houston
Hobie 33. The Hobie 33 is an American trailerable sailboat that was designed by Hobie Alter and Phil Edwards as one-design racer and first built in 1982. It was the first monohull design for Alter and his company, after establishing their reputations for their lines of surfboards and catamarans

Production
The design was built by Hobie Cat in the United States from 1982 until 1987, with 187 examples completed, but it is now out of production.

Design
The Hobie 33 is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of a polyester and fiberglass sandwich, with wood trim. Very light for its size with a displacement of , it has a 7/8 fractional sloop rig with aluminum spars, a raked stem, a reverse transom, an internally mounted spade-type rudder controlled by a tiller and a fixed fin keel or lifting keel with a bulb weight. It displaces  and carries  of lead ballast.

The lifting keel version of the design uses a "bolt-down" style of keel, It has a draft of  with the lifting keel extended and  with it retracted, allowing ground transportation on a trailer. It  has a very narrow beam of  to meet the legal requirements for highway trailer widths. It mast is hinged at the mast step and the spinnaker pole is used to raise the mast for quick launching with a small crew.

The boat is normally fitted with a small outboard motor for docking and maneuvering. The outboard is fitted into a stern well, that allows the motor to be swung up and a hatch closed to fair the opening.

The galley is limited to a dish locker, an icebox under the companionway steps and provisions for an optional alcohol-fired stove. The fresh water tank has a capacity of . There is a sink fed by pumped water, vanity and space for a portable-type head to be installed. Sleeping accommodations are provided for five people on a bow "V"-berth, two under-cockpit single berths and one main cabin settee berth.

There are six port fixed lights in a tapered shape and a forward acrylic plastic hatch for ventilation.

The cockpit has two sheet winches and all lines, including the halyards, lead to the cockpit. A  spinnaker can be used for downwind sailing. The genoa employs a headfoil (a headsail airfoil-shaped reinforcement) and a concealed backstay adjuster. The mainsheet and the boom vang both have 4:1 mechanical advantages. There is a topping lift and an internal outhaul line.

The design has a Portsmouth Yardstick racing average handicap of 73.0 and a hull speed of .

Operational history
In a 1994 review, Richard Sherwood, described the boat, "This boat is Hobie Alter’s first venture into monohulls and off-shore boats. She is ultra-light-displacement and designed for one-design racing, but will sleep two couples. The 33 tends to sail well heeled. The narrow beam is required so the boat can be trailered. The keel is lifted for trailering, and it is bolted down for sailing."

See also
List of sailing boat types

Similar sailboats
C&C 3/4 Ton
C&C SR 33
DB-1
DB-2
San Juan 33S
Tartan Ten

References

Keelboats
1980s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Trailer sailers
Sailboat type designs by Hobie Alter
Sailboat type designs by Phil Edwards
Sailboat types built by Hobie Cat
Otera's catalyst. Otera's catalyst, named after Japanese chemist Junzo Otera, is an organostannane compound which has been used as a transesterification catalyst. This isothioscyanate compound is a member of a family of organostannanes reported by Wada and coworkers, and elaborated upon by Otera and coworkers.

Preparation
This class of compounds may be prepared generally by the reaction of an organotin halide and oxide:

 2 R2SnO + 2 R2SnX2 → (XR2SnOSnR2X)2

In particular, the thiocyanate compound was prepared by the reaction of dibutyltin oxide with dibutyltin diisothiocyanate. Otherwise, this compound is not commercially available.

Applications
This thiocyanate compound can be used as a transesterification catalyst. Although it is not well known, it has been used in a number of total syntheses.

In this application, the reaction occurs via the displacement of the bridging isothiocyanate ligands with the incoming alcohol to form an alcohol-bridged active catalyst. Tin acts as the Lewis acid, and gives the transesterified product.  The reaction must be performed in nonpolar solvents in order to colocate the acid and alcohol at the catalytic center.

References

Organotin compounds
Catalysts
Thiocyanates
Tin(IV) compounds
J-Power. The , operating under the brand name J-POWER, formerly , is an electric utility in Japan. It mainly produces electricity from coal and hydroelectric power stations. It also has a few wind farms and is currently building a nuclear plant in Ohma, Aomori prefecture, that is scheduled to begin operations in November 2014. J-Power is the sole operator of the transmission lines connecting the four main islands of Japan.

History 
After World War II, as a part of many changes implemented, the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers ordered the dismantling of , which at the time provided electricity to all of Japan with a semi-governmental status.  This was broken up into a number of utilities, which have become Japan's modern electric utility companies.  However, in the battered state of post-war Japan, there were few investors out there to put money in these new companies, and certainly not enough to allow for sufficient R&D of power sources that Japan needed to keep up with the demand of power, thus it was decided that the occupied government would specially create an electric company with such capabilities.  On September 19, 1952 the Electric Power Development Company (EDPC) was established as a government agency.

In 1997, the Japanese government announced the privatization of EDPC, and in 2004, it went public and was listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange.

See also 
 Nuclear power in Japan

External links 
 J POWER, official website
  Wiki collection of bibliographic works on Electric Power Development Company

Energy companies established in 1952
Nuclear power companies of Japan
Electric power companies of Japan
Public utilities established in 1952
Japanese companies established in 1952