omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Deceleron. The deceleron,  or split aileron, was developed in the late 1940s by Northrop, originally for use on the F-89 Scorpion fighter. It is a two-part aileron that can be deflected as a unit to provide roll control, or split open to act as an air brake. Decelerons are used on the Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II, and in turn to a stabilizer the Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit flying wing. In differential use they impart yaw moment, potentially obviating the rudder and vertical stabilizer control surface, although requiring active flight control.

See also
 Index of aviation articles
 Spoileron

References

External links

 XF-89 Research Report

Aircraft controls
Potassium humate. Potassium humate is the potassium salt of humic acid. It is manufactured commercially by alkaline extraction of brown coal (lignite)  leonardite and is used mainly as a soil conditioner.

Extraction
The extraction is performed in water with the addition of potassium hydroxide  (KOH), sequestering agents, and hydrotropic surfactants. Heat is used to increase the solubility of humic acids and hence more potassium humate can be extracted. The resulting liquid is dried to produce the amorphous crystalline like product which can then be added as a granule to fertilizer. The potassium humate granules by way of chemical extraction lose their hydrophobic properties and are now soluble.

Quality
Depending on the source material, product quality varies. High quality oxidized lignite (brown coal), usually referred to as leonardite, is the best source material for extraction of large quantities of potassium humate. The less oxidized the coal, the less potassium humate extracted. Sources low in ash produce the best quality. Less oxidized brown coal contains a higher proportion of the insoluble humin fraction and along with peat which is lower in humic acid content and usually high in ash content requires separation by filtration or centrifugation to remove ash and humin. Peat is also high in non-humified organic matter that needs to be reduced to produce a high quality product. The benefit of peat is that it is usually 2-3 times higher in fulvic acid content, which are the low molecular weight fractions of humic acid that are high in oxygen containing functional groups and soluble at a low pH of <1. Fulvic acids have a higher cation exchange capacity and therefore have a higher chemical interaction with fertilizers and are able to form soluble chelates of trace metals.

Uses
Potassium humate is used in agriculture as a fertilizer additive to increase the efficiency of fertilizers especially nitrogen- and phosphorus-based fertilizer inputs. Other salts of humic acid are manufactured, mainly sodium humate, which is used in animal health supplements. It also can be used in aquaculture.

References

Soil chemistry
Potassium compounds
Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate. Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate, also known as potassium iso-octanoate, is a chemical used to convert the tert-butylammmonium salt of clavulanic acid into potassium clavulanate (clavulanate potassium). It is also used as a corrosion inhibitor in automotive antifreeze and as a catalyst for polyurethane systems.

References

Potassium compounds
Ethylhexanoates
LHX. LHX may refer to:

 Light Helicopter Experimental, a 1980s United States Army project to replace old helicopter models, and whose helicopter candidates included a Bell/McDonnell Douglas design and the prototype Boeing/Sikorsky RAH-66 Comanche
 LHX Attack Chopper, a 1990 computer game that includes a simulation of a Light Helicopter Experimental helicopter similar to the RAH-66 Comanche
 Luohe West railway station, China Railway pinyin code LHX
 The stock symbol for L3Harris Technologies
Link Access Procedure for Modems. Link Access Procedure for Modems (LAPM) is part of the V.42 error correction protocol for modems.

LAPM is an error control protocol defined in ITU-T recommendations V.42.  Like many data link layer protocols, it is a variant of HDLC.  Like the Microcom Networking Protocols that preceded it, LAPM uses cyclic redundancy checking (CRC) and retransmission of corrupted data (ARQ) to ensure data reliability.

Error control protocols such as LAPM use frames of variable lengths, each beginning with a header and ending with a frame check sequence trailer (a cyclic redundancy check).  Correctly received packets are acknowledged, and unacknowledged packets are automatically retransmitted (ARQ).

The larger the payload included in each frame, the smaller the relative cost of transmitting the header and trailer bits. Usually LAPM adds only about 5 percent framing overhead.  This is a noticeable improvement over the fixed 25% overhead of start and stop bits required by direct asynchronous serial communication, but obviously such large frames impose a cost in the form of communication latency.

LAPM has an optional selective reject (SREJ) functionality which allows it to resend only the corrupted frames, providing faster recovery from an error.

The ITU-T V.42 LAPM procedure is considered more robust than the Microcom Networking Protocols (MNP) that preceded it, and has a more sophisticated and powerful data compression option in V.42bis, allowing much greater data throughput.

ITU-T V.42bis added a string compression algorithm called BTLZ (British Telecom Lempel Ziv), in which frequently occurring strings of characters are replaced by code words. The "dictionary" of strings is dynamically maintained during transmission and keeps track of changes in the data; new strings are added and old strings are deleted. As the data may not always be compressible (for example encrypted or pre-compressed data) the modem has the ability to switch between compressed and uncompressed modes of operation. Compression performance is continually monitored and, if no compression is obtained, the modem transmits the data in uncompressed form. Even while in uncompressed mode, the modem monitors the characteristics of the data and switches compression back on as soon as some benefit can be achieved.

See also
 Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)

References

Modems
Link access protocols
DirectX Diagnostic Tool. DirectX Diagnostic Tool (DxDiag) is a diagnostics tool used to test DirectX functionality and troubleshoot video- or sound-related hardware problems. DirectX Diagnostic can save text files with the scan results. These files are often posted in tech forums or attached to support emails in order to give support personnel a better idea of the PC the requester is using in case the error is due to a hardware failure or incompatibility. It has been bundled with Windows since Windows 98 Second Edition (DirectX 6).

DirectX Diagnostic Tool is located in . Starting from Windows Vista, DirectX Diagnostic Tool only shows information; it is no longer possible to test the hardware and the various DirectX components.

Functions
The System tab displays the current DirectX version, the computer's hostname, the operating system's version, information on the system BIOS, and other data.  The DirectX Files tab displays information about the versions of specific DirectX system files, which are portable executables or dynamic-link libraries (DLLs).

DirectX Diagnostic Tool displays information about the current display settings and the video hardware on the Display tab.  If the computer has more than one monitor, then DirectX Diagnostic Tool will display a separate tab for each monitor.  This tab can disable DirectDraw, Direct3D, and/or AGP Texture Acceleration for troubleshooting purposes.  If the installed display driver has passed Windows Hardware Quality Labs testing, DirectX Diagnostic Tool will display this result on the right side of the window.

The Music tab displays information about the computer's MIDI settings, and lists different music-related software and hardware on your computer.  The Input tab, displays information about input devices installed in the computer such as keyboards and mice. It will also attempt to detect problems with these devices. DirectX Diagnostic Tool also displays information about the installed DirectPlay Service Provider.

In Windows XP Professional x64 Edition, Windows Vista x64 edition, Windows 7 x64 edition, Windows 8 x64 edition and Windows 10 x64 edition, two versions of DirectX Diagnostic Tool are included, a native 64-bit version and a 32-bit version. In Windows XP Professional x64 Edition, Windows Vista x64 edition and Windows 7 x64 edition, the 32-bit version of DirectX Diagnostic Tool is run by default.

References

Utilities for Windows
Windows-only proprietary software
DirectX
RIS. RIS may refer to:

 Radio Information Service, a reading service for the blind in Pennsylvania, US
 Radiological information system, for the electronic management of information related to medical imaging
 Radiologically isolated syndrome, suggesting multiple sclerosis
 Rail Integration System, for attaching accessories on firearms
 Microsoft Remote Installation Services, booting computers via PXE
 Reparto Informazioni e Sicurezza, a military intelligence agency of Italy, see SIOS
 Republik Indonesia Serikat (Republic of the United States of Indonesia)
 RIS Info, later RDS Info, Canadian sports broadcaster
 Reverse Image Search
 Reviving the Islamic Spirit, an Islamic conference in Canada
 Riverside Indian School
 RIS (file format), for citation programs
 RIS Delitti Imperfetti, an Italian TV series
 R. I. S. – Die Sprache der Toten, a German TV series
 R.I.S, police scientifique, a French TV series
 Rishiri Airport, Japan, IATA airport code
 Rishton railway station, England, station code
 Ruamrudee International School, Thailand
 Russian imperial stout, a strong dark beer

See also
 ris (disambiguation)
 R1S, an SUV by Rivian 
 RI (disambiguation)
TEK search engine. TEK is an email-based search engine developed by the TEK project at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The search engine enables users to search the Web using only email. It is intended to be used by people with low internet connectivity (for example, high-priced internet connection and low bandwidth connection in developing countries).

TEK stands for "Time Equals Knowledge"; the search engine compensates the searching availability to the time needed for searching. To perform a web search, a user sends a query via email to a server (which is located at MIT). The server then performs the search using existing search engines, downloads actual pages, and emails a subset of those pages back to the user.

References
Levison L, Thies B, Amarasinghe S. The TEK Search Engine. Development by design workshop, MIT, Boston, MA. July 2001. http://tek.sourceforge.net/papers/tek-dyd01.pdf

External links
TEK Project

Internet search engines
SME (society). SME, formerly the Society of Manufacturing Engineers, is a non-profit student and professional association for educating and advancing the manufacturing industry in North America.

History 
SME was founded in January 1932 at the height of the Great Depression. Originally named the Society of Tool Engineers, and renamed the American Society of Tool Engineers one year later, it was formed by a group of 33 engineers and mechanics gathered at the Detroit College of Applied Science. By April of that year, just four months after its beginning, membership increased from the original 33 members to 200 members and continued to grow rapidly with new chapters popping up across the country. As the economic troubles of the 1930s pushed the world ever-closer to war, Society members responded by helping to convert America's industries into the primary military supplier for the Allied war effort, or what President Roosevelt referred to as the "arsenal of democracy." The organization also tailored their educational materials to meet the needs of the defense program and established the Emergency Defense Training Committee. Between 1941 and the end of the war in 1945, Society membership more than doubled, rising from 8,700 to nearly 18,000 members.

Following the end of the war, the Society helped convert America's wartime industry into a producer of consumer goods. Switching focus from defense to research, appointing a planning committee and setting aside $25,000 for establishing a Research Fund in 1950, the society proceeded to establish a $50,000 educational fund and awarded its first scholarships in 1951. In 1960, the Society changed its name to The American Society of Tool and Manufacturing Engineers and in 1970 it became the Society of Manufacturing Engineers. However, since 2013 only the abbreviation SME has been used as the official name.

The Society launched the SME Manufacturing Engineering Education Foundation in May 1979. By 2007 SME had successfully expanded into more than 72 countries, establishing itself as the world's leading provider of knowledge, networking and skills development for the manufacturing industry. In September 2010, SME acquired Tooling University LLC, an educational technology and blended learning company that provides learning management system software and online manufacturing training content.

In 2018, SME moved its headquarters from Dearborn, MI, to Southfield, MI.

References

External links

 
Manufacturing in the United States
System partition and boot partition. The system partition and the boot partition (also known as the system volume and the boot volume) are computing terms for disk partitions of a hard disk drive or solid-state drive that must exist and be properly configured for a computer to operate. There are two different definitions for these terms: the common definition and the Microsoft definition.

Common definition
In context of every operating system, except those developed by Microsoft, the system partition and the boot partition are defined as follows:
 The boot partition is a primary partition that contains the boot loader, a piece of software responsible for booting the operating system. For example, in the standard Linux directory layout (Filesystem Hierarchy Standard), boot files (such as the kernel, initrd, and boot loader GRUB) are mounted at /boot/. Despite Microsoft's radically different definition (see below), System Information, a utility app included in Windows NT family of operating systems, refers to it as "boot device".
 The system partition is the disk partition that contains the operating system folder, known as the system root. By default, in Linux, operating system files are mounted at / (the root directory).

In Linux, a single partition can be both a boot and a system partition if both /boot/ and the root directory are in the same partition.

Microsoft definition
Since Windows NT 3.1 (the first version of Windows NT), Microsoft has defined the terms as follows:
 The system partition (or system volume) is a primary partition that contains the boot loader, a piece of software responsible for booting the operating system. This partition holds the boot sector and is marked active.
 The boot partition (or boot volume) is the disk partition that contains the operating system folder, known as the system root or %systemroot% in Windows NT.

Before Windows 7, the system and boot partitions were, by default, the same and were given the "C:" drive letter. Since Windows 7, however, Windows Setup creates, by default, a separate system partition that is not given an identifier and therefore is hidden. The boot partition is still given "C:" as its identifier. This configuration is suitable for running BitLocker, which requires a separate unencrypted system partition for booting. As of Windows 11, this nomenclature is still used by the "Disk Management" utility.

See also
 NTLDR
 Windows startup process
 Windows NT startup process
 Windows Vista startup process
 Windows To Go

References

Booting
Disk partitions
Windows administration
Nanjing Tech University. Nanjing Tech University () is a provincial public technological university in Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. It is affiliated with the Province of Jiangsu. The school was established in 2001 by the merger of the former Nanjing Chemical Engineering University (南京化工大学) and the former Nanjing Architectural Engineering College (南京建筑工程学院).

Schools and colleges 
College of Safety Science and Engineering
School of Environmental Science and Engineering
College of Materials Science and Engineering
College of Chemical Engineering
School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
College of Electrical Engineering and Control Science
School of Mechanical and Power Engineering
School of Energy Science and Engineering
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
College of Architecture
College of Art and Design
School of Economics and Management
School of Law
School of Marxism
School of Foreign Languages and Literature
School of Physical Education
College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
College of Food Science and Light Industry
School of Computer Science and Technology
School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
School of Geometrics Science and Technology
College of Urban Construction
College of Transportation Engineering
College of Civil Engineering
School of 2011
College of Overseas Education
Institute of Advanced Materials

References

External links 
Nanjing Tech University homepage

Universities and colleges in Nanjing
2001 in Nanjing
Heat rock. A heat rock is the common name for a type of heating source in enclosures for cold-blooded animals to supply heat, in the form of a false novelty rock plugged into an electrical socket.

Keepers may notice that smaller reptiles prefer to rest on the heat rock most of the time, since it provides constant heat. Larger reptiles supplied with heat rocks often prefer to stay near their rock at all times, diminishing their novelty.

Pet owners and keepers now usually recommended a non-direct contact UTH (under-the-tank-heater) or thermal tape which distributes heat through the enclosure’s substrate placed in different areas of the tank to create a more even heat gradient, making the pet more liable to move throughout its enclosure. Another popular solution is replacing regular lighting with UV-specific basking lights.

External links
http://www.anapsid.org/hotrock.html

Pet equipment
Human Race Machine. The Human Race Machine (HRM) is a computerized console composed of four different programs. The Human Race Machine program allows participants to see themselves with the facial characteristics of six different races: Asian, White, African, Middle Eastern, and Indian, mapped onto their own face.  The Age Machine allows viewers see an aged version of his or her face. A version of this methodology has been used for over twenty years by the FBI and the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children to help locate kidnap victims and missing children.

The Couples Machine combines photographs of two people in different percentages to show the appearance of their child.

The Anomaly Machine lets viewers see themselves with facial anomalies. The HRM was created by artist Nancy Burson and David Kramlich; it uses morphing technology.  It was shown on Oprah on 2006-02-16.

External links
The Human Race Machine
 

Digital art
Computer graphics
ObjectARX. ObjectARX (AutoCAD Runtime eXtension) is an API for customizing and extending AutoCAD. The ObjectARX SDK is published by Autodesk and freely available under license from Autodesk. The ObjectARX SDK consists primarily of C++ headers and libraries that can be used to build Windows DLLs that can be loaded into the AutoCAD process and interact directly with the AutoCAD application. ObjectARX modules use the file extensions .arx and .dbx instead of the more common .dll.

ObjectARX is the most powerful of the various AutoCAD APIs, and the most difficult to master. The typical audience for the ObjectARX SDK includes professional programmers working either as commercial application developers or as in-house developers at companies using AutoCAD.

New versions of the ObjectARX SDK are released with each new AutoCAD release, and ObjectARX modules built with a specific SDK version are typically limited to running inside the corresponding version of AutoCAD. Recent versions of the ObjectARX SDK include support for the .NET platform by providing managed wrapper classes for native objects and functions.

The native classes and libraries that are made available via the ObjectARX API are also used internally by the AutoCAD code. As a result of this tight linkage with AutoCAD itself, the libraries are very compiler specific, and work only with the same compiler that Autodesk uses to build AutoCAD. Historically, this has required ObjectARX developers to use various versions of Microsoft Visual Studio, with different versions of the SDK requiring different versions of Visual Studio.

Although ObjectARX is specific to AutoCAD, Open Design Alliance announced in 2008 a new API called DRX (included in their DWGdirect library) that attempts to emulate the ObjectARX API in products like IntelliCAD that use the DWGdirect libraries.

References

See also 
Autodesk Developer Network
Autodesk
AutoCAD

Application programming interfaces
Cray CS6400. The Cray Superserver 6400, or CS6400, is a discontinued multiprocessor server computer system produced by Cray Research Superservers, Inc., a subsidiary of Cray Research, and launched in 1993. The CS6400 was also sold as the Amdahl SPARCsummit 6400E.

The CS6400 (codenamed SuperDragon during development) superseded the earlier SPARC-based Cray S-MP system, which was designed by Floating Point Systems. However, the CS6400 adopted the XDBus packet-switched inter-processor bus also used in Sun Microsystems' SPARCcenter 2000 (Dragon) and SPARCserver 1000 (Baby Dragon or Scorpion) Sun4d systems. This bus originated in the Xerox Dragon multiprocessor workstation designed at Xerox PARC. The CS6400 was available with either 60 MHz SuperSPARC-I or 85 MHz SuperSPARC-II processors, maximum RAM capacity was 16 GB.

Other features shared with the Sun servers included use of the same SuperSPARC microprocessor and Solaris operating system. However, the CS6400 could be configured with four to 64 processors on quad XDBusses at 55 MHz, compared with the SPARCcenter 2000's maximum of 20 on dual XDBusses at 40 or 50 MHz and the SPARCserver 1000's maximum of 8 on a single XDBus.

Unlike the Sun SPARCcenter 2000 and SPARCserver 1000, each CS6400 is equipped with an external System Service Processor (SSP), a SPARCstation fitted with a JTAG interface to communicate with the CS6400 to configure its internal bus control card.  The other systems have a JTAG interface, but it is not used for this purpose. While the CS6400 only requires the SSP to be used for configuration changes (e.g. a CPU card is pulled for maintenance), some derivative designs, in particular the Sun Enterprise 10000, are useless without their SSP.

Upon Silicon Graphics' acquisition of Cray Research in 1996, the Superserver business (by now the Cray Business Systems Division) was sold to Sun. This included Starfire, the CS6400's successor then under development, which became the Sun Enterprise 10000.

References

External links 
 "Cray: Faster Than A Bottleneck Bullet", Byte, January 1996
 Enthusiast photographs
 Running system (circa 2004)
 More board-level photographs
 Alternative location for some of above

Cs6400
Sun servers
Supercomputers
32-bit computers
Tunnel washer. A tunnel washer, also called a continuous batch washer, is an industrial washing machine designed specifically to handle heavy loads of laundry.

The screw is made of perforated metal, so items can progress through the washer in one direction, while water and washing chemicals move through in the opposite direction.  Thus, the linen moves through pockets of progressively cleaner water and fresher chemicals.  Soiled linen can be continuously fed into one end of the tunnel while clean linen emerges from the other.

Originally, one of the machine's major drawbacks was the necessity of using one wash formula for all items.  Modern computerized tunnel washers can monitor and adjust the chemical levels in individual pockets, effectively overcoming this problem.

See also
Washing machine

References

Laundry washing equipment
Machines