omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
List of materials-testing resources. Materials testing is used to assess product quality, functionality, safety, reliability and toxicity of both materials and electronic devices. Some applications of materials testing include defect detection, failure analysis, material development, basic materials science research, and the verification of material properties for application trials. This is a list of organizations and companies that publish materials testing standards or offer materials testing laboratory services.

International organizations
These organizations create materials testing standards or conduct active research in the fields of materials analysis and reliability testing. 
 American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC)
 American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)
 American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
 ASTM International
 Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (German: Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM))
 Instron
 International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
 MTS Systems Corporation 
 Nadcap
 National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom)
 Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)
 Zwick Roell Group

Global research laboratories
These organizations provide materials testing laboratory services. 
 FEI Company
 Lucideon
 SEMATECH

See also
 Characterization (materials science)
 List of materials analysis methods

References

Tests
Materials testing
Engineering-related lists
Nielson (automobile). The Nielson was an automobile built in Detroit, Michigan by the Nielson Motor Car Company in 1907.

History 
The Nielson was built as a two-seater runabout equipped with a single-cylinder 12 hp air-cooled engine.  The engine was located behind the seat, and was equipped with a friction transmission and double-chain drive.  The vehicle was priced at $800, .  E. A .Nielson drove his runabout to New York City and displayed it at the Selzer Garage.

Automotive historians have speculated that E .A. Nielson may have been Emil A. Nelson who had previously worked for Packard and who would do design work for Hupmobile beginning in 1908.

References

Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States
Motor vehicle manufacturers based in Michigan
Defunct manufacturing companies based in Michigan
Brass Era vehicles
1900s cars
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1906
Vehicle manufacturing companies disestablished in 1907
Cars introduced in 1906
Cars discontinued in 1907
Wright Pathfinder. The Wright Pathfinder was a  low entry and low floor single-decker bus body built on Dennis Lance SLF and Scania N113CRL chassis by Wrightbus between 1993 and 1995.

History
Of the 95 Pathfinders produced, London Regional Transport subsidiaries purchased 38 on Dennis Lance chassis and all 30 Scania N113CRLs. They were London's first low-floor buses. The first examples were operated by London United on route 120 and CentreWest on route 222.

Other purchasers (all on Dennis Lances) included Badgerline, London & Country and Northern General. The Pathfinder was succeeded in 1995 by the Axcess-Ultralow.

References

 Millar, Alan (2007) Bus & Coach Recognition : Ian Allan Ltd.,

External links

Low-entry buses
Low-floor buses
Vehicles introduced in 1993
Pathfinder
George Hubbard Clapp. George Hubbard Clapp (December 14, 1858 – March 31, 1949) was an American pioneer in the aluminum industry and  also a numismatist.

He was born on December 14 in Allegheny City, Pennsylvania, now a part of Pittsburgh, the son of Delia Dennig Hubbard and DeWitt Clinton Clapp, an iron company executive. He graduated from the Western University of Pennsylvania, today's University of Pittsburgh, in 1877. He married Anne Love in 1882 and the couple had two children.

Clapp took an engineering position at Park Brothers' Black Diamond Steel Works. There, along with Captain Alfred E. Hunt, he established the Pittsburgh Testing Laboratory's chemistry department. Hunt formed a company in 1888 to exploit the Charles Martin Hall patents for making aluminum by electrolysis. Clapp was treasurer and secretary of the fledgling company. He resigned as treasurer in 1892 and was replaced by Andrew W. Mellon. The company became later known as the Aluminium Company of America. While Hall is generally credited with the invention the aluminum process, Clapp raised the initial venture capital to make the process commercially viable. The Mellon interests supplied the company's working capital.

As Clapp's wealth grew, he pursued his avocational interests in conchology and numismatics. He had begun collecting coins as a boy in the 1870s by sifting through the coins of a toll bridge across the Allegheny River. He later became a founder of the Western Pennsylvania Numismatic Society. 
His grandfather encouraged him to start collecting shells. Over the years he assembled more than 100,000 mollusk shells, which he later donated to the Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh. In the 1930s he donated his coin collections to both the American Numismatic Society and the Carnegie.

Beginning in 1907 until his death, Clapp was president of Pitt's Board of Trustees. He was a driving force in moving the school from its North Side location to the Oakland district. He also was a trustee of the Carnegie Institute of Technology, now known as Carnegie Mellon University, and was a member of the American Chemical Society.

He died at age 90 on March 31, 1949, at his home in Sewickley, Pennsylvania. Clapp Hall, an academic building on the Pitt campus, is named in his honor.

Taxa named in honour
 Clappia Walker, 1909
 Planogyra clappi (Pilsbry, 1898)

References

1858 births
1949 deaths
Businesspeople from Pittsburgh
University of Pittsburgh alumni
American numismatists
American malacologists
Lightning Car Company. The Lightning Car Company was a British sports car developer, originally based in Fulham and Peterborough, the company relocated to Coventry and was focused on the development and production of high performance electric sports cars.

The company was dissolved in December 2023.

Lightning GT
The firm's first product, the eponymous Lightning GT, was unveiled in 2008 where it won Car of The Show at the last Excel London Motor Show. It was loosely based on an extant internal-combustion vehicle from Ronart Cars. It incorporated quick-charging lithium-titanate batteries from Altairnano into a body made from carbon fiber. The Lightning GT employed rear-wheel drive from two synchronous motors to accelerate to  in less than 4 seconds and had an expected usable range of  on a single battery charge, with a range extender battery pack option increasing this to 225 miles (360 km).

The company was taking orders for 2012 delivery, this was later moved back to 2014, and subsequently 2017. The prototype was displayed at the Coventry Motofest, featuring a revised Magtec power train. The cars were also shown at the London Motor Show in 2016, in Suffolk, and in Paris in 2019.

One of the two completed cars is being displayed at the British Motor Museum until 2024.

See also
 List of production battery electric vehicles
 List of electric cars currently available

Notes

3. Green Pioneers: Can I interest you in an electric supercar?  Sunday Times article 24 October 2010

Battery electric vehicle manufacturers
Electric vehicle manufacturers of the United Kingdom
Car manufacturers of the United Kingdom
Privately held companies of the United Kingdom
Sports car manufacturers
Kontron. Kontron AG is a German-based multinational company that designs and manufactures embedded systems, modules and boards, and provides software products for Internet of Things and 5G technologies.

The company operates in various industrial segments (including industrial automation, communications, transportation, energy, avionics, medical, automotive, and military), manufacturing and selling its products worldwide. Kontron is a premier member of the Intel Embedded Alliance.

The corporate group was originally headquartered in Augsburg and consisted of the Kontron Europe GmbH, with its main sites in Ismaning, Augsburg, Deggendorf, and Saarbrücken (other locations included San Diego, Fremont, California, Montreal, Plzeň, Toulon, Bangalore, Taipei, Tokyo and Beijing). Kontron acquired Dolch in 2005.

At the 2007 Embedded World trade exhibition in Nuremberg, Kontron introduced a product called UGM-M72, a modular graphics card for Computer-on-Module systems, which was based on Universal Graphics Module (UGM) design specification standard published by XGI Technology and Kontron in June 2007. The card used the M72 GPU from ATI Technologies, and was 84 x 95 mm in size. Version 1.1 of UGM standard was published in July 2008, and Advanced Micro Devices (the parent company of ATI) announced in August 2008 that it would support the new standard. A web site for UGM standard was maintained by XGI and Kontron until the Great Recession in 2009.

In August 2017, Kontron was merged into Austrian-based S&T, and was renamed Kontron Group on 1 June 2022, with its corporate headquarters in Linz.

In 2022, Kontron announced the sale of its IT services business to Vinci SA in order to concentrate on its realignment as a provider of products and solutions for Internet of Things.

In July and August 2023, Kontron acquired Comlab AG (a Swiss company manufacturing data communication repeaters for railways), Hartmann and W-IE-NE-R group of companies from Phoenix Mecano, and Cellular Automotive Module Unit from Telit Cinterion. In September 2023, it was announced that Kontron acquired Altimate, the Bucharest-headquartered software company specialising in traffic control, automated fare collection, tolling, and enforcement of traffic violations.

, the subsidiaries of the group include:
 Kontron Europe
 Kontron Bulgaria
 Kontron AIS
 susietec
 Kontron Technologies
 Kontron Transportation
 Kontron Slovenia
 Kontron Medical
 S&T Medtech
 Smart Metering
 Solutions for Power Systems
 Kontron ODM/EMS Alliance
 Kontron Services Austria
 Kontron Hungary
 Kontron Services Romania
 Kontron Slovenia
 Kontron Americas
 Kontron Asia

See also
 Kontron Group

References

Computer companies of Germany
Companies based in Augsburg
Computer companies established in 1959
Computer hardware companies
Computer systems companies
Electronics companies established in 1959
Multinational companies headquartered in Germany
German brands
Companies listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange
Scott Anderson (physicist). Scott Anderson (June 26, 1913 – October 1, 2006) was the founder of Anderson Physics Laboratory in Urbana, Illinois
(the predecessor of APL Engineered Materials), a leading provider of metal halides and amalgams to the lighting industry.  He received 11 U.S. patents.

He received his B.S. from Illinois Wesleyan University in 1935, M.S. from the University of Illinois in 1937, and Ph.D. from the University of Illinois 1940.  During World War II, he worked in the Manhattan Project's  Metallurgical Laboratory.

Anderson was a Rotarian and served as the president of the Rotary Club of Champaign, Illinois, from 1963 to 1964.  He was a founder of the Urban League of Champaign County and also was instrumental in establishing Project Goodstart (meals for disadvantaged children) and New Beginnings (assistance for released felons in fitting back into civilian society).

References

External links
Scott Anderson's Obituary
Notice in Physics Illinois News, 2007, Number 1, Page 15
APL Engineered Materials
Process relating to ultra-pure metal halide particles
Process for producing sodium amalgam particles
Strengthening agent, strengthened metal halide particles, and improved lamp fill material
To Scott Anderson, Sr., for his innovative use of scientific knowledge and engineering skills in the production of new and useful materials.

1913 births
2006 deaths
People from Urbana, Illinois
Illinois Wesleyan University alumni
American physical chemists
Grainger College of Engineering alumni
Manhattan Project people
Fellows of the American Physical Society
NatCarb. The NatCarb geoportal provides access to geospatial information and tools concerning carbon sequestration in the United States.

External links
National Energy Technology Laboratory 
Carbon Sequestration Regional Partnerships

References
 Carr, T.R., P.M. Rich, and J.D. Bartley.  2007.  The NATCARB geoportal: linking distributed data from the Carbon Sequestration Regional Partnerships.  Journal of Map and Geography Libraries (Geoscapes), "Special Issue on Department of Energy (DOE) Geospatial Science Innovations".  In Press.

Carbon capture and storage
Angle of climb. In aerodynamics, climb gradient is the ratio between distance travelled over the ground and altitude gained, and is expressed as a percentage. The angle of climb can be defined as the angle between a horizontal plane representing the Earth's surface, and the actual flight path followed by the aircraft during its ascent.

The speed of an aircraft type at which the angle of climb is largest is called VX. It is always slower than VY, the speed for the best rate of climb.
As the latter gives the quickest way for gaining altitude levels, regardless of the distance covered during such a maneuver, it is more relevant to cruising. The maximum angle of climb on the other hand is where the aircraft gains the most altitude in a given distance, regardless of the time needed for the maneuver. This is important for clearing an obstacle, and therefore is the speed a pilot uses when executing a "short field" takeoff.
VX increases with altitude, and VY decreases with altitude until they converge at the airplane's absolute ceiling.

 Best angle of climb (BAOC)  airspeed for an airplane is the speed at which the maximum excess thrust is available. Excess thrust is the difference between the total drag of the aircraft, and the thrust output of the powerplant. For a jet aircraft, this speed is very close to the speed at which the total minimum drag occurs.

See also 
 Rate of climb

References

Aerodynamics
Melograph. The Melograph, similar to the Melodiograph, is a mechanical apparatus for ethnomusicological transcription usually producing some sort of graph that can be preserved and filed, similar to a recording of music. Beginning with attempts by Milton Metfessel in 1928, assorted devices such as this have been developed or manufactured, the most notable dating back to the 1950s and situated at the University of California in Los Angeles (Charles Seeger), the University of Oslo (Olav Gurvin and Karl Dahlback), and the Hebrew University in Jerusalem (Dalia Cohen and Ruth Katz).

Further reading 
 Randel, Don Michael. (2003). Harvard Dictionary of Music. Chicago: Belknap Harvard. .

References 

Ethnomusicology
Musical terminology
BCODE. A bCODE is an identifier that can be sent to a mobile phone/device and used as a ticket/voucher/identification or other type of token. The bCODE is an SMS message that can be read electronically from the screen of a mobile device.  Bcodes can be sent by text message, and as they are just a standard SMS they can be received on over 99% of all devices.

Bcodes have many uses such as advertising, loyalty programs, promotions, ticketing and more.

History 
bCODE was developed by an Australian company from 2003 to 2005.

bCODE Technology 
A bCODE is a simple SMS text message that looks something like this:

This text message is read from the screen of a mobile phone/device and decoded into a unique token ID.  This ID can then be used to supply the consumer with their own unique experience.

References

External links
 bCODE

Barcodes
Encodings
Automatic identification and data capture
Access control
XOP. XOP may refer to:

XML-binary Optimized Packaging, a W3C recommendation for embedding binary data in XML
External Operations in IGOR Pro, used to add data acquisition, manipulation and analysis features
X-ray Oriented Programs, a widget-based driver software that is used as front-end interface optical simulations
XOP instruction set, a computer instruction set introduced by AMD in 2009
A touhou-like game, but without the Japanese.
Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering. The Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by John Wiley & Sons on behalf of Curtin University of Technology. Until 2006 it was known as Developments in Chemical Engineering and Mineral Processing and published (in print only) by Curtin University of Technology. The current editor-in-chief is Moses O. Tadé (Curtin University of Technology).

Most cited papers 
The three most-cited papers published by the journal are:
 Research Article: Development of a novel autothermal reforming process and its economics for clean hydrogen production, Volume 1, Issue 1–2, Nov-Dec 2006, Pages: 5–12, Chen ZX, Elnashaie SSEH
 Research Article: Review: examining the use of different feedstock for the production of biodiesel, Volume 2, Issue 5, Sep-Oct 2007, Pages: 480–486, Behzadi S, Farid MM
 Research Article: The forces at work in colloidal self-assembly: a review on fundamental interactions between colloidal particles, Volume 3, Issue 3, May-Jun 2008, Pages: 255–268, Li Q, Jonas U, Zhao XS, et al.

References

External links 
 

Chemical engineering journals
Academic journals established in 1993
Bimonthly journals
English-language journals
Wiley (publisher) academic journals
Polymers for Advanced Technologies. Polymers for Advanced Technologies is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal, published since 1990 by John Wiley & Sons. It covers research on polymer science and technology.

Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in Chemical Abstracts Service, Scopus, and the Science Citation Index Expanded. According to the Journal Citation Reports, its 2022 impact factor is 3.4.

Most cited papers
The three most-cited papers are:
"Stepwise polyelectrolyte assembly on particle surfaces: a novel approach to colloid design", Volume 9, Issue 10–11, Oct-Nov 1998, Pages: 759–767, Sukhorukov GB, Donath E, Davis S, et al.
"Formation of crew-cut aggregates of various morphologies from amphiphilic block copolymers in solution", Volume 9, Issue 10–11, Oct-Nov 1998, Pages: 677–699, Zhang LF, Eisenberg A.
"Nanocomposite materials from latex and cellulose whiskers", Volume 6, Issue 5, May 1995, Pages: 351–355, Favier V, Canova GR, Cavaille JY, et al.

References

External links

Chemistry journals
Wiley (publisher) academic journals
Academic journals established in 1990
English-language journals
Monthly journals
Surface and Interface Analysis. Surface and Interface Analysis is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by John Wiley & Sons since 1979. In thirteen issues per year, it publishes original research papers dealing with the development and application of techniques for the characterization of surfaces, interfaces and thin films. It is available both online and in print.

The current editor in chief is John F. Watts (University of Surrey).

Impact factor and rank 
The journal's 2020 impact factor is 1.607. It is ranked 140th out of 162 in the Physical Chemistry category.

Highest cited papers 
 Research Article: 'Empirical atomic sensitivity factors for quantitative-analysis by electron-spectroscopy for chemical-analysis', Volume 3, Issue 5, 1981, Pages: 211–225, Wagner CD, Davis LE, Zeller MV, et al. Cited 1096 times.
 Research Article: 'Calculations of electron inelastic mean free paths .2. data for 27 elements over the 50-2000-EV range', Volume 17, Issue 13, Dec 1991, Pages: 911–926, Tanuma S, Powell CJ, Penn DR. Cited 790 times.
 Research Article: 'Calculations of electron inelastic mean free paths for 31 materials', Volume 11, Issue 11, Aug 1988, Pages: 577–589, Tanuma S, Powell CJ, Penn DR. Cited 675 times.
 Research Article: 'Calculations of electron inelastic mean free paths .5. data for 14 organic-compounds over the 50-2000-EV range', Volume 21, Issue 3, Mar 1994, Pages: 165–176, Tanuma S, Powell CJ, Penn DR. Cited 485 times.

Abstracting and indexing information
Surface and Interface Analysis is indexed by Chemical Abstracts Service, SciFinder, Scopus, and Web of Science.

References

External links 
 

Chemistry journals
Wiley (publisher) academic journals
Academic journals established in 1979
English-language journals
China Aviation Supplies Holding Company. China Aviation Supplies Holding Company (CASC) is a Chinese aircraft lessor established in October 2002 and succeeding China Aviation Supplies Import & Export Group Corporation and was founded in 1980.
It offers operating lease, aircraft trading, sale-leaseback, asset management and engineering services, aircraft maintenance and manufacturing, flight training and support services, consulting, property management, advertising and IT, it has 14 framework agreements with Airbus and Boeing.
Of the six holding companies of China's Civil Aviation Administration, it was the first established.

On 9 November 2017, CASC ordered 300 Boeing planes for US$37 billion at list prices (a $M average) during Donald Trump's China visit.
The order could include 260 737s and 40 B787/B777s. On 25 March 2019, during Chinese leader Xi Jinping's state visit to France, CASC ordered 290 Airbus A320 and 10 Airbus A350, worth $34 billion at list prices before discounts.

References

External links

Government-owned companies of China
SVI. SVI may refer to:

 Settleability Volume Index or sludge volume index (SVI): the volume in millimeters occupied by 1 g of activated sludge after  aerated liquid has settled for 30 minutes
 Siddhartha Vanasthali Institute, a school in Nepal
 Southern Railway of Vancouver Island
 Spectravideo, computer and video-game manufacturer
 Strayer Voigt Inc, manufacturer of M1911-styled modular pistols
 Sviatoslav Mykhailiuk, Ukrainian basketball player nicknamed "Svi"
 Switch virtual interface, a logical layer-3 interface in a LAN environment
 System Volume Information (in Microsoft Windows file-systems)
 Sequential vapor infiltration, a synonym for sequential infiltration synthesis