omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
André Laugier. André Laugier (1 August 1770, in Lisieux – 19 April 1832, in Paris) was a French chemist, pharmacist and mineralogist. He was a cousin to famed chemist Antoine François Fourcroy and the father of astronomer Paul Auguste Ernest Laugier (1812–1872).

He received his education in his hometown of Lisieux, and during the French Revolution, was tasked with collecting church bells in Bretagne in order for them to be melted down for the production of cannons. In 1794 he was employed as head of the gunpowder and saltpeter works at the Comite de salut public. In 1797 he received his master's degree in pharmacy, and subsequently taught classes in chemistry and pharmacy at the military training schools in Toulon and Lille.

In 1803, with assistance from Fourcroy, he became an assistant naturalist at the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, where, following the death of Fourcroy in December 1809, he was appointed as his replacement as professor of chemistry. In 1829 he succeeded Louis Nicolas Vauquelin as director of the École de pharmacie in Paris. Laugier died of cholera in Paris on 19 April 1832.

He was the author of many scientific notes on minerals, meteorites and meteoric irons, and is credited with providing practical methods for separation of cobalt and nickel; iron and titanium; cerium and iron. His chemical findings were recorded mainly in the Annales du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. In 1829 he published the four volume Cours de Chimie générale.

References 

1770 births
1832 deaths
People from Lisieux
Deaths from cholera in France
19th-century French chemists
French mineralogists
French pharmacists
18th-century French chemists
Electrification (disambiguation). Electrification may refer to:

Technology 
Electrification, the process of converting a system to use electricity as its energy source
Electrification of transport
Rail electrification
Electricity as part of a catalytic processes
Rural electrification, the process of bringing electrical power to rural and remote areas

Physics
 (An object is) charged with (static) electricity, see triboelectric effect (contact electrification)
 The species that lead to charge, electric charge

Music
 Electrified (Dressy Bessy album), 2005
 Electrified (Pink Cream 69 album), 1998
 Electrify (song), a song by British DJ and producer Jakwob from his upcoming debut studio album
 "Electrified", a song by Gotthard from the album Silver
Ilene Busch-Vishniac. Ilene Busch-Vishniac is an American-born mechanical engineer and university administrator. She served as Dean of the Whiting School of Engineering at Johns Hopkins University from 1998 to 2003 then resigned the position to serve as President of the Acoustical Society of America (ASA), an elected non-gratis position, from 2003 to 2005. She served as Provost and Vice-President for Academic Affairs at McMaster University from 2007 to 2012, and as President of the University of Saskatchewan from 2012 to 2014. In 2018 she joined startup Sonavi Labs as Chief Innovation Officer. She has written research papers for the ASME on matters related to tribology.

Busch-Vishniac received her bachelor's degree in physics and mathematics (magna cum laude) from the University of Rochester in 1976. She then received her master's degree in 1978 and her PhD in 1981, both in mechanical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

University of Saskatchewan 
In December 2011, Busch-Vishniac was selected as the ninth President of the University of Saskatchewan, replacing Peter MacKinnon with effect from July 2012. On May 21, 2014, she was "terminated without cause" from her position amid national criticism surrounding the Provost's decision, Brett Fairbairn, to dismiss and end the tenure of an executive director who had openly criticized the university's leadership while Busch-Vishniac was away. Busch-Vishniac criticized the decision the next day, and invited the former executive director to return as a professor. In June, 2015, Busch-Vishniac filed a lawsuit over her firing seeking $8.5 million in damages, naming Saskatchewan Premier, Brad Wall, former Minister of Advanced Education, Rob Norris, as well as the university and Board of Governors and alleging that both the Premier and former Minister unlawfully influenced the Board's decision in her firing. The University is also accused of violating its bylaws when it terminated her contract. In 2019, after an attempt to dismiss the lawsuit, the University settled out of court with Dr. Busch-Vishniac.

Awards and honors
Busch-Vishniac received the ASA Silver Medal in Engineering Acoustics in 2001 for her work in developing novel electret microphones and of precision micro-electro-mechanical sensors and positioners. She was elected a Fellow of the Acoustical Society of America (ASA) in 1987, and also received the ASA R. Bruce Lindsay Award.

References 

Academic staff of McMaster University
Presidents of the University of Saskatchewan
Living people
Academics from Saskatchewan
Educators from Philadelphia
People from Saskatoon
Johns Hopkins University faculty
University of Rochester alumni
MIT School of Engineering alumni
Fellows of the Acoustical Society of America
Year of birth missing (living people)
American women academics
21st-century American women
Ernest Grunwald. Ernest Grunwald (November 2, 1923 – March 28, 2002) was a German-born American physical organic chemist, a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the chair of the chemistry department at Brandeis University. He was also noted for his 1997 textbook Thermodynamics of Molecular Species. Awarded the ACS Award in Pure Chemistry in 1959.

Career and life 
Grunwald graduated from the University of California, Los Angeles in 1944 with a B.S. in chemistry and B.A. in physics in 1944. He received his doctorate in 1947. In 1965, he became the chairman of the chemistry department at Brandeis University. Grunwald retired in 1989.

References 

1923 births
2002 deaths
20th-century American chemists
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
German emigrants to the United States
Brandeis University faculty
New Orleans, Jackson and Great Northern. The New Orleans, Jackson and Great Northern was a   gauge railway originally commissioned by the State of Illinois, with both Stephen Douglas and Abraham Lincoln being among its supporters in the 1851 Illinois Legislature. It connected Canton, Mississippi, with New Orleans and was completed just prior to the American Civil War, in which it served strategic interests, especially for the Confederacy. The New Orleans, Jackson and Great Northern was largely in ruins by the end of the War.
From 1866 to 1870, when a hostile takeover induced a change of leadership, the president of the New Orleans, Jackson and Great Northern was P. G. T. Beauregard (1818-1893), former Confederate States Army general under whose command the first shots had been fired on Fort Sumter and who during the war helped design the Confederate battle flag. James Robb (banker) was a director.

Restored as part of the Mississippi Central Railroad (1852-1874), the properties originally belonging to the New Orleans, Jackson and Great Northern were merged into the Illinois Central Railroad in 1878. In 1972, it became the Illinois Central Gulf Railroad, after merging with the Gulf, Mobile and Ohio Railroad.

In 1998 the Illinois Central Railroad merged into the Canadian National Railway system. The original rights-of-way for the New Orleans, Jackson and Great Northern not only serve the purpose of a major freight railway but also support Amtrak passenger service.

References

Defunct Louisiana railroads
Defunct Mississippi railroads
Predecessors of the Canadian National Railway
Railroads in the Chicago metropolitan area
5 ft gauge railways in the United States
P. G. T. Beauregard
Weeksite. Weeksite is a naturally occurring uranium silicate mineral with the chemical formula: K2(UO2)2Si6O15•4(H2O), potassium uranyl silicate. Weeksite has a Mohs hardness of 1–2. It was named for USGS mineralogist Alice Mary Dowse Weeks (1909–1988).

Appearance
Weeksite is visually similar to other uranium minerals such as carnotite and zippeite, both being encrustations that form on other rocks (usually sandstones or limestones).

Occurrence
Weeksite was first described in 1960 for an occurrence on Topaz Mountain, Thomas Range, Juab County, Utah. 

Weeksite occurs within small "opal" veins within rhyolite and agglomerates, and as encrustations in sandstones and limestones. It occurs associated with opal, chalcedony, calcite, gypsum, fluorite, uraninite, thorogummite, uranophane, boltwoodite, carnotite and margaritasite.

See also

 
 List of minerals named after people
 Mineral evolution

References

Uranium(VI) minerals
Potassium minerals
Nesosilicates
Orthorhombic minerals
Minerals in space group 52
Becquerelite. Becquerelite is a uranium mineral with the chemical formula: Ca(UO2)6O4(OH)6·8(H2O). It is a secondary mineral which contains calcium and is a bright yellow colour. It has a Mohs hardness of about 2.

It was named after the French physicist Antoine Henri Becquerel (1852–1908), who discovered radioactivity in 1896. Becquerelite contains about 70% uranium by weight.

It is mainly mined in Kasolo of the former Zaire, in the present day Democratic Republic of the Congo.

References

Uranium(VI) minerals
Oxide minerals
Orthorhombic minerals
Minerals in space group 33
Uranium mining in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Uranocircite. Uranocircite or Uranocircite-II is a uranium mineral with the chemical formula: Ba(UO2)2(PO4)2·10H2O. Uranocircite-I was discredited (the IMA-CMNMC published 'The New IMA List of Minerals', September 2012). It is a phosphate mineral which contains barium and is a green to yellow colour.  It has a Mohs hardness of about 2.

The "circ" in the name uranocircite is from the ancient Greek word for "falcon", because it was discovered in Falkenstein, Germany. Uranocircite contains about 45% uranium, and is mainly mined in Bergen in Saxony, Germany.

References

Webmineral data

Uranium(VI) minerals
Phosphate minerals
Tetragonal minerals
Minerals in space group 139
Falaq-2. The Falaq-2 missile is the second generation of Falaq unguided artillery rocket systems. This system was also developed in the 1990s by the Shahid Bagheri Industries, which is part of the Aerospace Industries Organization.

It is considered possible that the 333 mm unguided surface-to-surface artillery rocket used in the Falaq-2 artillery rocket system is related to the longer-range Shahin-1 and Shahin-2 systems. The same chassis is used as the launch platform for the Iranian Falaq-2, which has a single tube-type launcher mounted on the rear. This launches a single 333 mm unguided surface-to-surface rocket to a maximum range of 10,800 m.

The Falaq-2 is a 333 mm-diameter rocket. It weighs 255 kg and with 120 kg warhead that holds 60 kg of explosives.

There is extensive evidence Falaq-2 rockets have been used in the Syrian civil war.

Operators

See also

References 

Falaq 2
Artillery of Iran
Military vehicles introduced in the 1990s
IBM 5520. The IBM 5520 Administrative System was a text, electronic document‐distribution and data processing system, announced by IBM General Systems Division (GSD) in 1979.

Configuration
The system offered linked text-editing work stations that shared a storage unit a central processor unit (IBM 5525), CRT-based display stations (IBM 5253 and 5254), a daisy wheel printer (IBM 5257) and an ink jet printer (IBM 5258). Depending on the model, from one to 18 display stations and from three to 12 printers could be attached. The processor unit has a same case that used in a IBM System/34 midrange computer.

Other systems, i.e. 6670 Information Distributor, Office System/6, 6240 Mag Card Typewriter-Communicating and System/370 could be connected for electronic document distribution.

Market share
The New York Times quoted a technology analyst's view of the 5520 as "a competitive product in(to) a rapidly growing field."

While the Office System/6 introduced two years earlier by IBM Office Products Division (OPD) was focused on word processing, the new 5520 intended to complement existing products lines with text editing and data processing power. The need for action became urgent because IBM was losing market share to companies such as Wang who exploited display (size), storage (magnetic cards), and computing (performance) weaknesses of IBM's established product lines by aggressive marketing, including direct comparisons.

See also 
 Wang WPS and OIS

References

IBM minicomputers
Computer-related introductions in 1979
Mundite. Mundite is a uranium phosphate mineral with chemical formula: Al(UO2)3(PO4)2(OH)3·5(H2O). It contains aluminium and has a yellow tinge to it. It usually appears on sandstones or limestones.

References

Uranium(VI) minerals
Aluminium minerals
Phosphate minerals
Orthorhombic minerals
Minerals in space group 33
Minerals in space group 62
Billietite. Billietite is an uncommon mineral of uranium that contains barium.  It has the chemical formula: Ba(UO2)6O4(OH)6•8H2O. It usually occurs as clear yellow  orthorhombic crystals.  
Billietite is named after Valere Louis Billiet (1903–1945), Belgian crystallographer at the University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.

Billietite was discovered in the locality of the Shinkolobwe uranium mine in the Haut-Katanga Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).

References

External links
webmineral.com

Uranium(VI) minerals
Orthorhombic minerals
Minerals in space group 33
Soddyite. Soddyite is a mineral of uranium. It has yellow crystals and usually mixed with curite in oxidized uranium ores. It is named after the British radiochemist and physicist Frederick Soddy (1877–1956). Soddyite has been a valid species since 1922, following its discovery in the locality of the Shinkolobwe uranium mine in the Haut-Katanga Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).

References

Uranium(VI) minerals
Nesosilicates
Orthorhombic minerals
Minerals in space group 70
Vanuralite. Vanuralite is a mineral of uranium with chemical formula: Al(UO2)2(VO4)2(OH)·11(H2O). It has yellow crystals and  a Mohs hardness of 2. The name comes from the composition of the mineral.

References

Mindat.org
Webmineral data

Uranium(VI) minerals
Vanadate minerals
Monoclinic minerals
Parsonsite. Parsonsite is a lead uranium phosphate mineral with chemical formula: Pb2(UO2)(PO4)2·2H2O. Parsonsite contains about 45% lead and 25% uranium. It forms elongated lathlike pseudo monoclinic crystals, radial spherulites, encrustations and powdery aggregates. It is of a light yellow colour.  It has a Mohs hardness of 2.5-3 and a specific gravity of 5.72 - 6.29.

It was first described in 1923 for an occurrence in the Shinkolobwe mine, Katanga Copper Crescent, Democratic Republic of Congo. It was named for mineralogist Arthur Leonard Parsons (1873–1957) of the University of Toronto, Canada.

References

Bibliography
Palache, P.; Berman H.; Frondel, C. (1960). "Dana's System of Mineralogy, Volume II: Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. (Seventh Edition)" John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, pp. 913-914.

Uranium(VI) minerals
Phosphate minerals
Triclinic minerals
Lead minerals
Minerals in space group 2
Haiweeite. Haiweeite is a mineral of uranium and has the chemical formula: Ca[(UO2)2Si5O12(OH)2]·3(H2O). It is a secondary mineral of uranium, a product of oxidation. It has a greenish yellow color.  It has a Mohs hardness of about 3.5 and is fluorescent under UV light.

It was named after the Haiwee Reservoir, Inyo County, California, US, where it was first found.

References

Mindat.org
Handbook of Mineralogy
Webmineral data

Uranium(VI) minerals
Nesosilicates
Pinaire Ultra-Aire. The Pinaire Ultra-Aire is an American ultralight aircraft that was designed and produced by Pinaire Engineering. The aircraft was supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

Design and development
The aircraft was designed to comply with the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules, including the category's maximum empty weight of . The aircraft has a standard empty weight of . It features a cable-braced high-wing, canard elevator, a single-seat, open cockpit, tricycle landing gear and a single engine in pusher configuration.

The aircraft is made from bolted-together aluminum tubing, with its flying surfaces covered in Dacron sailcloth. Its compact single-surface  span wing is supported by cables attached to a simple tube kingpost. The pilot is accommodated on a suspended sling seat. The control system is two-axis with pitch controlled by a canard elevator attached to the side-stick. Roll and yaw are controlled by wing tip rudders also controlled by the side-stick. The landing gear features a steerable nose wheel, also controlled by the side-stick. The standard engine supplied with the kit was the Cuyuna UL II-02 twin cylinder, two-stroke powerplant of .

The aircraft was carefully tested using sandbag loading to +6 and -4 g without failure. Reviewer Andre Cliche describes the design as "well engineered". The Ultra-Aire can be quickly dismantled for ground transportation or storage.

Specifications (Ultra-Aire)

See also

References

External links
Photo of sales brochure

1980s United States ultralight aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Canard aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Emmanuel-Louis Gruner. Emmanuel-Louis Gruner (11 May 1809 – 26 March 1883) was a French engineer and geologist.

Life

Emmanuel-Louis Gruner was born on 11 May 1809.

His son, Édouard Gruner, was a prominent civil engineer. In 1869, he was elected as a member of the American Philosophical Society.

Emmanuel-Louis Gruner died on 26 March 1883.

Notes

Sources

1809 births
1883 deaths
École Polytechnique alumni
French engineers
French geologists
People from the canton of Bern
Guy Degrenne. Guy Degrenne (3 August 1925 – 7 November 2006) was a French businessman who specialised in cutlery and silverware. He has founded the Guy Degrenne group, since 1987 a subsidiary of holding 'Table de France'.

Biography
Guy Degrenne was born in Tinchebray (Orne). He attended Collège Saint-Joseph in Caen, then studied at ESSEC Business School, and took up his father's steel factory (at Sourdeval) in 1948.

Guy Degrenne first has war-left steel parts collected, and turns them in stainless steel dishes, with instant commercial success. By 1958, Guy Degrenne sets up a tableware business, then by 1963 ushers in the luxury tableware business, in copying the standards of Parisian goldsmiths.

In 1967, part of the production is moved to a new factory in Vire (Calvados). His business then employs about 600 workers.
In 1978, Degrenne meets national recognition with a popular advert reminiscent of his school years : a headmaster catches young Degrenne drawing dishes in his notebooks margin, and then warns him against ill-success (Ce n'est pas comme cela que vous réussirez dans la vie).

References

1925 births
2006 deaths
People from Tinchebray-Bocage
French industrialists
20th-century French businesspeople
Kitchen knife brands
ESSEC Business School alumni
Aerodyne Systems Vector. The Aerodyne Systems Vector is a family of American ultralight aircraft that was designed by Berndt Petterson, Mike McCarron and Paul Yarnell and produced by Aerodyne Systems, introduced in 1982. The aircraft was supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

Design and development
The Vector owes many of its design concepts to the earlier Hill Humbug and was later to inspire and influence the Ultralight Flight Mirage.

The Vector was designed to comply with the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules, including the category's maximum empty weight of . The aircraft has a standard empty weight of . It features a cable-braced high-wing, V-tail, a single-seat, open cockpit, tricycle landing gear and a single engine in pusher configuration.

The aircraft is made from bolted-together aluminum tubing, with its flying surfaces covered in Dacron sailcloth. Its 80% double-surface  span wing is supported by cables running from an inverted "V" kingpost. The landing gear's nose wheel is not steerable and a small tail caster is provided. The pilot is accommodated on an open seat, without a windshield. The engine is mounted at the wing's leading edge and powers the trailing edge-mounted pusher propeller through an extension shaft.

The Vector series was very popular in its day and a great number were produced.

Variants
Vector 600
Initial model, with a two-axis control system, powered by two  Chrysler engines.
Vector 610
Improved model, with a structurally strengthened airframe, enlarged spoilers, elliptical wing tip extensions and powered by a single  Zenoah G-25B single cylinder, two-stroke engine.
Vector 627
Powered by a single  single cylinder, two-stroke Rotax 277 engine.
Vector 627 SR
Powered by a single  single cylinder, two-stroke Rotax 377 engine.

Specifications (Vector 610)

References

External links

Photo of Vector 610

1980s United States ultralight aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Parasol-wing aircraft
Vector 600
V-tail aircraft
(R)-2-Methyl-CBS-oxazaborolidine. (R)-2-Methyl-CBS-oxazaborolidine is an organoboron catalyst that is used in organic synthesis. This catalyst, developed by Itsuno and Elias James Corey, is generated by heating (R)-(+)-2-(diphenylhydroxymethyl) pyrrolidine along with trimethylboroxine or methylboronic acid. It is an excellent tool for the synthesis of alcohols in high enantiomeric ratio. Generally, 2-10 mol% of this catalyst is used along with borane-tetrahydrofuran (THF), borane-dimethylsulfide, borane-N,N-diethylaniline, or diborane as the borane source. Enantioselective reduction using chiral oxazaborolidine catalysts has been used in the synthesis of commercial drugs such as ezetimibe and aprepitant.

See also
 CBS catalyst
 Corey-Itsuno reduction

References

Organoboron compounds
Reagents for organic chemistry
Catalysts
Phenyl compounds
Pyrrolidines
Cyber Chess. Cyber Chess is a chess-playing computer program developed by William Tunstall-Pedoe. It was written for the Acorn Archimedes and published commercially by The Fourth Dimension.

Development

Evaluation of moves was tuned by use of a genetic algorithm.

Gameplay

The game provides play against another human or the computer (at various levels of difficulty). Saved games and graphics export as vector Drawfiles are supported.

Reception
In Acorn User'''s games review of 1993/94, Cyber Chess was listed number 55 in the Best 100 Games. The game was well received by the magazines Acorn Computing and Archimedes World,  but the retail price of £35 was criticised by The Icon Bar'' in an article about the marketing of  games.

References

1993 video games
Acorn Archimedes games
Acorn Archimedes-only games
Chess software
The Fourth Dimension (company) games
LaNet-vi. LaNet-vi is an open-source network visualization software. It is an acronym that stands for Large Networks visualization Tool.

LaNet-vi is based on the k-core decomposition of a network. This decomposition was introduced by Seidman  in 1983 and divides the network in layers (the cores) thus providing a centrality measure for nodes. One of its main applications is the study of the Internet topology. Usually, the nodes in the highest cores of the Internet are densely connected between them, and serve as hubs for assuring the connectivity between peripheral nodes. The relationship between k-cores and connectivity has been studied by Havlin et al.  and Alvarez-Hamelin et al..

The software was developed by José Ignacio Alvarez-Hamelin (University of Buenos Aires), Alain Barrat (CNRS), Alessandro Vespignani (Indiana University), Luca Dall'Asta (Politecnico di Torino) and Mariano Beiró (University of Buenos Aires).
An online interface of the software is also available. This online version is being hosted and maintained by University of Buenos Aires.

In November 2010 a visualization obtained with LaNet-vi appeared in the cover of Nature Physics.

References

C++ software