omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Compis. Compis (COMPuter I Skolan) was a computer system intended for the general educational system in Sweden and sold to Swedish schools beginning in 1984 through the distributor Esselte Studium, who also was responsible for the software packages. 

The computers were also used in Danish, Finnish and Norwegian schools under the name Scandis.

History 
In 1980, the ABC 80 used in the schools was regarded as becoming obsolete, and the National Swedish Board for Technical Development (Styrelsen för teknisk utveckling) was tasked to find a replacement. In 1981, the procurement Tudis (Teknikupphandlingsprojekt Datorn i Skolan)  was launched, and while the decision was controversial, Svenska Datorer AB  was awarded the contract with development beginning in 1982. After Svenska Datorer went bankrupt, production was transferred to TeliDatorer/Telenova under Televerket (Sweden).

The computer was distributed by Esselte and exclusively marketed towards, and sold to, Swedish, Norwegian and Finnish schools, mainly high stage (year 7-9) and gymnasium-level.

The computer was based on the Intel 80186 CPU and with CP/M-86 as the operating system in ROM (although it could also run MS-DOS from disk). The computer had a wide selection of ports, including one for a light pen. The Compis project was criticized from the start, and as the move to IBM PC compatibility came it was left behind and finally cancelled in 1988 although it was in use well into the 1990s.

Applications 

Notable applications being run on the Compis in an educational environment was:

 COMAL interpreter
 Turbo Pascal 3.0 compiler, under the name Scandis-Pascal
 WordStar word processor
 Harmony software: word processing, spreadsheet and database. The name was a pun on Lotus Symphony, the dominant productivity software at the time.

Some schools had simple local area networks of Compis/Scandis computers, in which 10–20 machines shared one hard disk with a typical capacity of 10MB.

See also 

 Education in Sweden
 Unisys ICON

External links 

 Compis Info: A site dedicated to the Compis
 Telenova Compis: some documentation available here (page in Swedish).

References 
 Nationalencyclopedins nätupplaga, "Compis"
 Swedish Internet museum

Personal computers
Goods manufactured in Sweden
Computer-related introductions in 1984
Eddy. Eddy may refer to:

 Eddy (surname), surname used by descendants of a number of English, Irish and Scottish families
 Eddy (given name), male given name
 Eddy (fluid dynamics), the swirling of a fluid and the reverse current created when the fluid flows past an obstacle
 Eddy current, in electromagnetism, loops of electric current induced within conductors by a changing magnetic field.
 Eddy current brake, a device used to slow or stop a moving object by generating eddy currents and thus dissipating its kinetic energy as heat.
 Eddy (film), a 2015 Italian film
 Eddy & The Soul Band, a 1980s Dutch disco group
 Eddy (Ed, Edd n Eddy), a character on Ed, Edd n Eddy
 Eddy covariance, a statistical method used in meteorology
 Eddy Test, administered by the US Navy and Marine Corps during and after World War II
 Eddy-class tanker, a former British Royal Fleet Auxiliary class

Places

United States
Eddy, Alabama, an unincorporated community
Eddy, Illinois, an unincorporated community
Eddy, Indiana, an unincorporated community
Eddy, Oklahoma, an unincorporated community
Big Eddy, Kentucky, an unincorporated community
Eddy County, New Mexico
Eddy County, North Dakota
Mount Eddy, California
Eddy Creek (Kentucky), a stream
Eddy Creek (Lackawanna River), a stream in Pennsylvania

Elsewhere
Eddy Island, Nunavut, Canada
Island Eddy, in Galway Bay, Ireland
Eddy Col, Trinity Peninsula, Antarctica
Eddy Point, King George Island, Antarctica

See also 

 Eddie (disambiguation)
 Edy (disambiguation)
W Window System. The W Window System, or simply W, is a discontinued windowing system and precursor, in name and concept, to the modern X Window System.

W was originally developed at Stanford University by Paul Asente and Brian Reid for the V operating system. In 1983, Paul Asente and Chris Kent ported the system to UNIX on the VS100, giving a copy to those working at MIT's Laboratory for Computer Science.

In 1984, Bob Scheifler of MIT replaced the synchronous protocol of W with an asynchronous alternative and named the result X.

Since this time, the X window system has gone through many fundamental changes and no longer bears any significant resemblance to W.

See also

 History of free and open-source software

References

Windowing systems
John Cocke (computer scientist). John Cocke (May 30, 1925 – July 16, 2002) was an American computer scientist at IBM and recognized for his large contribution to computer architecture and optimizing compiler design. He is considered by many to be "the father of RISC architecture."

Biography
He was born in Charlotte, North Carolina, US. He attended Duke University, where he received his bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering in 1946 and his Ph.D. in mathematics in 1956. Cocke spent his entire career as an industrial researcher for IBM, from 1956 to 1992.

Perhaps the project where his innovations were most noted was in the IBM 801 minicomputer, where his realization that matching the design of the architecture's instruction set to the relatively simple instructions actually emitted by compilers could allow high performance at a low cost.

He is one of the inventors of the CYK algorithm (C for Cocke).  He was also involved in the pioneering speech recognition and machine translation work at IBM in the 1970s and 1980s, and is credited by Frederick Jelinek with originating the idea of using a trigram language model for speech recognition.

Cocke was appointed IBM Fellow in 1972. He won the Eckert–Mauchly Award in 1985, ACM Turing Award in 1987, the National Medal of Technology in 1991 and the National Medal of Science in 1994, IEEE John von Neumann Medal in 1984, The Franklin Institute's Certificate of Merit in 1996, the Seymour Cray Computer Engineering Award in 1999, and The Benjamin Franklin Medal in 2000. He was a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, and the National Academy of Sciences.

In 2002, he was made a Fellow of the Computer History Museum "for his development and implementation of reduced instruction set computer architecture and program optimization technology."

He died in Valhalla, New York, US.

References

External links 
 IBM obituary
 Duke profile from 1988 By Eileen Bryn
 Interview transcript
 IEEE John von Neumann Medal Recipients

1925 births
2002 deaths
American computer scientists
Computer hardware engineers
Computer designers
Duke University alumni
20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
Turing Award laureates
National Medal of Science laureates
National Medal of Technology recipients
IBM Research computer scientists
Seymour Cray Computer Engineering Award recipients
IBM employees
IBM Fellows
People from Charlotte, North Carolina
People from Valhalla, New York
Mathematicians from New York (state)
Duke University Pratt School of Engineering alumni
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Members of the American Philosophical Society
The Benjamin Franklin Medal in Computer and Cognitive Science laureates
CTEC. The Microsoft Certified Technical Education Centre (Microsoft CTEC) channel provides training for computer professions in the use of Microsoft products. The term Microsoft Certified Technical Education Centre was introduced by Microsoft in early 1990s. Microsoft CTECs are authorised to deliver Microsoft Official Curriculum courses to computer professionals using Microsoft Certified Trainers (MCTs). Through Microsoft CTECs, Microsoft Certified Solution Providers learn about Microsoft BackOffice, Internet and developer tools technology.

Currently the program involves more than 900 training centers in North America with more than 1,900 Microsoft CTECs internationally. Microsoft Official Curriculum courses are taught by Microsoft Certified Trainers (MCTs), professionals certified by Microsoft for a particular product or technology.

Microsoft CTEC with the new program, Certified Partners for Learning Solutions.

External links 
 Microsoft Official Learning Web site
 Microsoft Solution Finder

Microsoft divisions
JACK Audio Connection Kit. JACK Audio Connection Kit (or JACK; a recursive acronym) is a professional sound server API and pair of daemon implementations to provide real-time, low-latency connections for both audio and MIDI data between applications. JACK was developed by a community of open-source developers led by Paul Davis (who won an Open Source Award in 2004 for this work) and has been a key piece of infrastructure and the de facto standard for professional audio software on Linux since its inception in 2002. The server is free software, licensed under GPL-2.0-or-later, while the library is licensed under LGPL-2.1-or-later.

Implementations 
The JACK API is standardized by consensus, and two compatible implementations exist: jack1, which is implemented in plain C and has been in maintenance mode for a while, and jack2 (originally jackdmp), a re-implementation in C++ originally led by Stéphane Letz, which introduced multi-processor scalability and support for operating systems other than Linux.

JACK can be used with ALSA, PortAudio, CoreAudio, FFADO and OSS as hardware back-ends. Additionally, a dummy driver (useful if no sound output is desired, e.g. for offline rendering) and an Audio-over-UDP driver exist.  One or both implementations can run on Linux, macOS, Solaris, Windows, iOS, FreeBSD, OpenBSD and NetBSD.

The JACK API is also implemented by PipeWire for backwards compatibility as a complete drop-in replacement provider for JACK clients, mapping JACK API calls to equivalent PipeWire calls. If used as a replacement for ALSA and PulseAudio as well, it can unify the different sound servers and APIs that might be typically found on a machine, and allow better integration between different software. PipeWire also claims to add a number of features and fix a number of limitations compared to JACK. The use of PipeWire as the default implementation of JACK is the default on Fedora 34 and newer.

Low-latency scheduling 

The scheduling requirements of JACK to achieve sufficiently low latencies were one of the driving forces behind the real-time optimization effort for the Linux kernel 2.6 series, whose initial latency performance had been disappointing compared to the older 2.4 series. Real-time tuning work culminated in numerous scheduling improvements to the mainline kernel and the creation of an -rt branch for more intrusive optimizations in the release 2.6.24, and later the CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT patch.

Applications with JACK support

See also 

 LADSPA & LV2 – APIs for plugins
 PulseAudio – sound server for desktop use
 List of Linux audio software
 Comparison of free software for audio
 ASIO free alternatives

References

External links 
 

Application programming interfaces
Audio libraries
Audio software for Linux
Free audio software
Linux APIs
Music software plugin architectures
SCID. SCID may stand for:

Computing 
 Shane's Chess Information Database, a chess database to maintain, view and replay chess games
 Source Code in Database, program source code stored in a database with structural relations reflecting the language syntax and program structure
 Synchronous optical networking, carrier identification

Health 
 Severe combined immunodeficiency, a genetic disorder in which the immune system fails to develop
 Severe combined immunodeficiency (non-human), a variation in nonhumans
 Structured Clinical Interview for DSM
 SCI/D, referring to spinal cord injury and spinal cord disorder

Other 
 Doctor of Science (Sci.D)
SVM. SVM may refer to:

Politics
 Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians (Savez vojvođanskih Mađara), a political party in Serbia
 Sanjay Vichar Manch, a political party in India

Technology
 Scanning voltage microscopy
 Secure Virtual Machine, a virtualization technology by AMD
 Shared Virtual Memory, another AMD technology for computation on its GPUs with HSA/ROCm.
 Solaris Volume Manager, software
 Space vector modulation, in power electronics, a modulating technique to give power to a load
 Support vector machine, a machine learning algorithm
Stroboscopic effect visibility measure (SVM), a measure for assessing a type of temporal light artefacts

Other
 SVM (company)
 Saskatchewan Volunteer Medal
 Schuylkill Valley Metro
 Slavomolisano (ISO 639-3 svm), a dialect of Serbo-Croatian spoken in Italy
ILP. ILP can refer to:

Computer science

 Inductive logic programming
 Information Leak Prevention
 Instruction-level parallelism
 Integer linear programming

Other
 ilp., a 2013 album by Kwes
 Independent Labour Party, United Kingdom
 Independent Living Program, a US Veteran Affairs program aimed at making sure that each eligible veteran is able to live independently
 Index Librorum Prohibitorum, the list of publications banned by the Catholic Church between 1559 and 1966.
 Individual Learning Plan, a teaching methodology
 Inner Line Permit, a permission required for mainland Indian citizens to be able to travel into a restricted/protected state of North-East India
 Institution of Lighting Professionals, a professional lighting association based in the UK and Ireland.
 Intelligence-led policing
 Isolated Limb Perfusion, a limb-sparing, neoadjuvant therapy for soft tissue sarcomas
Dynamic debugging technique. Dynamic Debugging Technique (DDT) is a series of debugger programs originally developed for Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) hardware, initially known as DEC Debugging Tape because it was distributed on paper tape.  The name is a pun on the insecticide DDT. The first version of DDT was developed at MIT for the PDP-1 computer in 1961, but newer versions on newer platforms continued to use the same name. After being ported to other vendor's platforms and changing media, the name was changed to the less DEC-centric version. Early versions of Digital Research's CP/M and CP/M-86 kept the DEC name DDT (and DDT-86 and DDT-68K) for their debugger, however, now meaning Dynamic Debugging Tool. The CP/M DDT was later superseded by the Symbolic Instruction Debugger (SID, ZSID, SID86, and GEMSID) in DR DOS and GEM.

In addition to its normal function as a debugger, DDT was also used as a top-level command shell for the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Incompatible Timesharing System (ITS) operating system; on some more recent ITS systems, "PWORD"—which implements a restricted subset of DDT's functionality—is run first and is overlaid with DDT as soon as the user logs in. DDT could run and debug up to eight processes (called "jobs" on ITS) at a time, such as several sessions of TECO, and DDT could be run recursively - that is, some or all of those jobs could themselves be DDTs (which could then run another eight jobs, and so on). These eight jobs were all given unique names, and the usual name for the original and top-most DDT was "HACTRN" ("hack-tran"). Guy L. Steele wrote a filk poem parody of Edgar Allan Poe's "The Raven," entitled The HACTRN.

DEC-10/DEC-20 DDT
DDT (Dynamic Debugging Technique), as implemented on the DECsystem-10 & DECSYSTEM-20 allowed references to symbols within the programming being debugged. This feature loaded symbols from the .EXE executable file; a special version named SDDT used symbols from the running monitor and allowed system programmers to "peek" inside.

See also
 On-line Debugging Tool (ODT)
 Tracing Debugging Technique (TDT)
 DEBUG (DOS command)
 Comparison of computer shells

References

External links
 DDT Command List for a freeware version written in portable C
ITS 1.5 Reference Manual -(Artificial Intelligence Memo No. 161A)
 ITS: Luser's Guide
 The Great Quux Poem Collection -(See especially the notes to the poem The HACTRN)

Debuggers
Digital Equipment Corporation
CP/M
Command shells
Cabochon. A cabochon (; ) is a gemstone that has been shaped and polished, as opposed to faceted. The resulting form is usually a convex (rounded) obverse with a flat reverse. Cabochon was the default method of preparing gemstones before  gemstone cutting developed.

Application
Cutting en cabochon (French: "in the manner of a cabochon") is usually applied to opaque gems, while faceting is usually used for transparent stones. Hardness is also taken into account as softer gemstones with a hardness lower than 7 on the Mohs hardness scale are easily scratched, mainly by silicon dioxide in dust and grit. This would quickly make translucent gems unattractive—instead they are polished as cabochons, making the scratches less evident.

In asteriated stones such as star sapphires and chatoyant stones such as cat's eye chrysoberyl, a  domed cabochon cut can show the star or eye, which would not be visible in a faceted cut.

The usual shape for cutting cabochons is an ellipse, because the eye is less sensitive to small asymmetries in an ellipse, as opposed to in a uniformly round shape, such as a circle, and because the elliptical shape, combined with the dome, is attractive. An exception is cabochons on some watches' crowns, which are circular.

The procedure involves cutting a slab of the rough rock with a slab saw, and then stencilling a shape from a template. The slab is then trimmed near the marked line using a diamond blade saw—called a trim saw. Diamond-impregnated wheels or silicon carbide wheels can be used to grind the rough rock down. Most lapidary workshops and production facilities have moved away from silicon carbide to diamond grinding wheels or flat lap disks.

Once the piece is trimmed it can be "dopped" or completed by hand. "Dopping" is normally done by adhering the stone with hard wax onto a length of wooden dowel called a "dop stick". The piece is then ground to the template line, the back edges may be bevelled, and finally the top is sanded and polished to a uniform dome.

Gallery

References

External links

 Cabochon Making 101

Gemstone cutting
DEM (disambiguation). DEM was the ISO 4217 currency code for the Deutsche Mark, former currency of Germany

Computing 
 Digital elevation model, a digital representation of ground-surface topography or terrain
 .dem, a common extension for USGS DEM files
 Discrete element method or discrete element modeling, a family of numerical methods for computing the motion of a large number of small particles (like molecules or grains of sand)
 Diffuse element method, a numerical simulation method used (for example) to solve partial differential equations
 Display Encode Mode, a feature of the AMD's Video Codec Engine
 Distance Estimation Method, for drawing Julia sets or Mandelbrot sets

Organisations 
 Department of Environmental Management, a name of various government entities
 Democratic Party, short form of the name of the political parties in the world
 Democratic Party (United States)
 Democrats (Brazil)
 Dravske elektrarne Maribor d.o.o., an electric power company in Slovenia
 Day Eight Music, a record label founded by Jonas Hellborg
 Halkların Eşitlik ve Demokrasi Partisi, abbreviated as DEM Parti.

Other uses 
 Dem language
 Demonstrative linguistic categories (abbreviated )
 Deus ex machina (Latin; literally "a god from a machine"), a resolution to a story that does not pay due regard to the story's internal logic and that is so unlikely that it challenges suspension of disbelief, and presumably allows the author, director, or developer to end the story in the way that he or she desired
 Diethyl malonate, the diethyl ester of malonic acid
 Dynamic element matching, a technique used in integrated circuits design to compensate for components mismatch
Blitter object. A Bob (contraction of Blitter object) is a graphical element (GEL) used by the Amiga computer. Bobs are hardware sprite-like objects, movable on the screen with the help of the blitter coprocessor.

The AmigaOS GEL system consists of VSprites, Bobs, AnimComps (animation components) and AnimObs (animation objects), each extending the preceding with additional functionality. While VSprites are a virtualization of hardware sprites Bobs are drawn into a playfield by the blitter, saving and restoring the background of the GEL as required. The Bob with the highest video priority is the last one to be drawn, which makes it appear to be in front of all other Bobs.

In contrast to hardware sprites Bobs are not limited in size and number. Bobs require more processing power than sprites, because they require at least one DMA memory copy operation to draw them on the screen. Sometimes three distinct memory copy operations are needed: one to save the screen area where the Bob would be drawn, one to actually draw the Bob, and one later to restore the screen background when the Bob moves away.

An AnimComp adds animation to a Bob and an AnimOb groups AnimComps together and assigns them velocity and acceleration.

See also 
 Original Amiga chipset

References 

 Rob Peck (1986).  ROM Kernel Reference Manual: Libraries and Devices, Addison-Wesley, 

Amiga
Amiga APIs
Computer graphics
Demo effects
NPO. NPO may refer to:

Medicine
 Nil per os, Latin for "nothing by mouth", a medical instruction to withhold oral intake of food and fluids
 neurogenic pulmonary oedema

Science
 North Pacific Oscillation, a teleconnection pattern in atmospheric conditions over the North Pacific
 NP optimization problem, an optimization problem that is NP-hard
 NPO, characterizing thermal stability of a capacitor
 The NPO complexity class, standing for "NP-optimization problem", in computational complexity

Organisations
 Nonprofit organization
 National Portfolio Organisation, a UK-based culture and arts organisation receiving substantial funding from Arts Council England
 National Ports Organisation, former part of the UK Department for Transport
 National Preservation Office, part of the British Library
 Scientific Production Association (Nauchno-Proizvodstvennoye Obyedineniye), a form of scientific research-to-production facility in the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation.
 Nederlandse Publieke Omroep (organization) ("Netherlands Public Broadcasting"), governing body of the Netherlands (Dutch) Public Broadcasting System
 Nederlands Publieke Omroepbestel ("Dutch public broadcasting system"), the public broadcasting service in the Netherlands
 Netherlands Pathfinder Organisation (Nederlandse Padvinders Organisatie), one of the organisations that evolved into Scouting Nederland, the national Scouting organisation
 NPO UK Ltd., a chain of stationery and book shops in Northern Ireland, now part of Eason & Son
 National Printing Office, one of the three recognized government printers of the Philippines

Other
 Nanga Pinoh Airport, by IATA code
 Pochuri language, by ISO 639 code
Sodium tallowate. Sodium tallowate  is made from sodium hydroxide (a.k.a., caustic soda, or, lye); steam; and, animal (often, cattle) fat (i.e., tallow). This process, called saponification, breaks down the triglyceride (fat); frees the glycerol within; and, results in a sodium salt, sodium tallowate. It is usually combined with sodium cocoate, the sodium salt of coconut oil. Together, they are—with sodium palmate—major constituents of bar soap.

See also
 Sodium palmitate
 Sodium stearate
 International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients

Soaps
Salts and esters of carboxylic acids
Anionic surfactants