omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Find-a-drug. Find-a-Drug (often abbreviated as 'FAD') was a not for profit volunteer computing project which was set up in April 2002 by Treweren Consultants, the company who developed the THINK software. Find-a-Drug aimed to run a series of projects in parallel addressing a number of diseases which have a major impact on health. The project sought to collaborate with the world's leading experts including academics in each therapeutic area.

The first internet based computing project which used the THINK virtual screening software was hosted on grid.org by United Devices in collaboration with the Oxford University. Funding for the original project came from the National Foundation for Cancer Research and Intel Corporation. The science for this project was directed by Keith Davies while he was an honorary research fellow at Oxford University. Davies was a founding Director of Treweren Consultants and Find-a-Drug. The Find-a-Drug cancer project was a reflection on Davies's personal motivations and interest in continuing the work begun with grid.org developing therapies for a disease which affects one in four individuals.

Find-a-Drug concluded on 16 December 2005, citing that "there are insufficient worthwhile protein queries to continue the project into 2006 and have decided to close the project."

See also
List of volunteer computing projects

References

External links
 Free-DC FAD Stats - Unofficial stats site
 TeamAT FAD Stats - Unofficial stats site

Volunteer computing projects
Projects established in 2002
2005 disestablishments
Adsorption refrigeration. Adsorption refrigeration was invented by Michael Faraday in 1821, even though the basis of artificial modern refrigeration dates back to 1748 with William Cullen's experiments.  Adsorption is sometimes referred to as solid sorption.

It is very similar to absorption refrigeration (note that the second letter is different). The difference is that in adsorption refrigeration, the refrigerant or adsorbate vapour molecules adsorb onto the surface of a solid instead of dissolving into a liquid. In an adsorption system, an adsorber adsorbs the refrigerant vapour into a solid, while in an absorption system, an absorber absorbs the refrigerant vapour into a liquid. Adsorption refrigeration also includes a generation process where refrigerant vapour molecules desorb from the solid. In this process, there is no use of CFCs or ammonia; the thermally driven cooling process is environment friendly.  

The characteristics of the adsorbent/refrigerant pair is crucial in determining the system performance of an adsorption refrigeration system. The typical system performance indicators for an adsorption refrigeration system are the coefficient of performance and the specific cooling effect.
The refrigerants used in absorption systems are ammonia, water, or methanol, etc, which all experience phase changes between the vapor and liquid states - the same as in vapor compression refrigeration; while the adsorbent is a solid, such as silica gel, activated carbon, or zeolite. For example, an adsorption refrigeration device with active carbon fiber as the adsorbent and ammonia as the  refrigerant was designed. 

Adsorption refrigeration has been extensively researched in recent years because the technology is often noiseless, non-corrosive and environmentally friendly. The heat source for adsorption refrigeration can be fossil fuel, biomass fuel, nuclear fission, geothermal energy, waste heat, or solar thermal energy.

Adsorption refrigerators are available in the marketplace and are mainly used to produce chilled water from waste heat. Gas adsorption heat pumps are not currently available in the UK, but are just being introduced in Europe as small water or ground source packaged units that provide domestic, low-temperature space heating.

References

Refrigerants
Sharpening jig. A sharpening jig is often used when sharpening woodworking tools. Many of the tools used in woodworking have steel blades which are sharpened to a fine edge. A cutting edge is created on the blade at the point at which two surfaces of the blade meet. To create this cutting edge a bevel is formed on the blade, usually by grinding. This bevel is subsequently refined by honing until a satisfactorily sharp edge is created.

The purpose of the sharpening jig is to hold the blade or tool at the desired angle while grinding or honing the bevel. In some cases, the angle of the bevel is critical to the performance of the cutting edge—a jig allows for repeatability of this angle over a number of sharpening sessions.

There are many styles of jig available commercially. Fundamentally, all jigs are similar in that they allow the user to clamp the blade or tool in some way. The jig then has some means of referencing the clamped blade to the grinding or honing apparatus so that the bevel angle is maintained. One of the more common approaches is to have the jig ride on a roller. These types of jigs are usually used with a sharpening stone or plate, such as a waterstone, oilstone or diamond abrasive surface. Other types of jigs are used to present the blade to the wheel of a grinder. There are generally two types of hand sharpening jigs, push jigs and side-to-side jigs. Push jigs run perpendicular to the length of the stone and a side-to-side jig runs with the blade parallel to the length of the stone.

Many woodworkers prefer to learn the technique of sharpening by hand. This method does not require a jig, but requires a lot of practice to achieve satisfactory results – especially in situations where the bevel angle is critical.

See also
Jig (tool)
Staircase jig
Tapering jig

References

External links 

scienceofsharp: Carbides in K390 True effects of various blade sharpening techniques, mostly on straight razors, shown by electron microscope.

Sharpening
Woodworking hand tools
Aluminite. Aluminite is a hydrous aluminium sulfate mineral with formula: Al2SO4(OH)4·7H2O. It is an earthy white to gray-white monoclinic mineral which almost never exhibits crystal form. It forms botryoidal to mammillary clay-like masses. It has a very soft Mohs hardness of 1–2 and a specific gravity of 1.66–1.82. 

It forms in clay and lignite deposits as an oxidation product of pyrite and marcasite along with aluminium silicates. It also occurs in volcanic sublimates, in native sulfur deposits and rarely in caves. It occurs in association with basaluminite, gibbsite, epsomite, gypsum, celestine, dolomite and goethite.

It was first described in 1807 from Halle, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany and named for its aluminium content. It is also known as alley stone, halite and websterite (named after Orcadian geologist Thomas Webster).

Aluminite is used by tile and masonry workers to reduce the setting time of mortars.

References

External links

Aluminium minerals
Sulfate minerals
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 14
Luminescent minerals
Drone Video of the Outcrop at Newhaven
Strontium oxide. Strontium oxide or strontia, SrO, is formed when strontium reacts with oxygen. Burning strontium in air results in a mixture of strontium oxide and strontium nitride. It also forms from the decomposition of strontium carbonate SrCO3. It is a strongly basic oxide.

Uses
About 8% by weight of cathode-ray tubes is strontium oxide, which has been the major use of strontium since 1970. Color televisions and other devices containing color cathode-ray tubes sold in the United States are required by law to use strontium in the faceplate to block X-ray emission (these X-ray emitting TVs are no longer in production). Lead(II) oxide can be used in the neck and funnel, but causes discoloration when used in the faceplate.

Reactions
Elemental strontium is formed when strontium oxide is heated with aluminium in a vacuum.

References

External links
Hansen, Tony, "SrO (Strontium Oxide, Strontia)", ceramic-materials.com

Strontium compounds
Oxides
Rock salt crystal structure
VXL. VXL, the Vision-something-Library, is a large collection of open source C++ libraries for computer vision. The idea of the naming is to replace X with one of many letters to obtain the smaller library names, i.e. G (VGL) is a geometry library, N (VNL) is a numerics library, I (VIL) is an image processing library, etc. These libraries can be used for general scientific computing as well as computer vision.  Some examples of usage can be seen online.

VXL is a larger-scale software engineering project with roots dating back to traditional computer vision environments from the 1990s, having libraries at multiple levels of complexities, many of them listing OpenCV as one of many dependencies. A similar approach at an even larger scale is taken by Kitware's KWIVER.
VXL core libraries are extremely stable and have been used in larger projects, both public and within companies, notably ITK.

See also	
OpenCV

References

External links
 VXL Home Page
 VXD: extension of VXL with development/experimental code.
 Hacking VXL: notes on programming with VXL on Mac OS and Linux.

Computer vision software
French landing ship Francis Garnier. The BATRAL ("Light ferry ship") Francis Garnier (L9031) is the second of a series of five vessels. She was launched on 17 November 1973 and commissioned on 24 October 1974. She is the fifth vessel of the French Navy named in honour of the officer and explorer Francis Garnier.

The BATRAL vessels are able to ferry over 400 tons of matériel, in the hangar and on the deck. Loading and unloading can be done from a harbour or from a beach. Two flat-bottom vessels allow unloading 50 men and light vehicles each. The accommodations are designed for a Guépard-type intervention unit (5 officers, 15 petty officers and 118 men), or for typical company-sized armoured units.

A helicopter landing deck allows landing for light helicopters, and transfer from and to heavy helicopters.

She is based in Fort Saint Louis in Martinique. She has been used for humanitarian relief for thirty years, intervening on hurricane and tempest scenes in the Caraibs and Guyana. She is also part in the force projection system for interarm and internal operations, notably being engaged with the aeronaval group of  during Opération Héracles, the French naval component of the invasion of Afghanistan.

Francis Garnier was ordered to assist the humanitarian efforts following the 2010 Haiti earthquake as part of Opération Séisme Haiti 2010. She left Martinique carrying 60 Army personnel, land vehicles and excavators; and various relief shipments.

References

External links 
 
  

1973 ships
2010 Haiti earthquake relief
BATRAL-class landing ships
Cold War amphibious warfare vessels of France
Ships built in France
Job Submission Description Language. Job Submission Description Language is an extensible XML specification from the Global Grid Forum for the description of simple tasks to non-interactive computer execution systems. Currently at version 1.0 (released November 7, 2005), the specification focuses on the description of computational task submissions to traditional high-performance computer systems like batch schedulers.

Description
JSDL describes the submission aspects of a job, and does not attempt to describe the state of running or historic jobs.  Instead, JSDL includes descriptions of:

 Job name, description
 Resource requirements that computers must have to be eligible for scheduling, such as total RAM available, total swap available, CPU clock speed, number of CPUs, and operating system.
 Execution limits, such as the maximum amount of CPU time, wallclock time, or memory that can be consumed.
 File staging, or the transferring of files before or after execution.
 Command to execute, including its command-line arguments, environment variables to define, stdin/stdout/stderr redirection, etc.

Software support
The following software is known to currently support JSDL:

 GridWay meta scheduler
 Platform LSF 7
 UNICORE 6
 GridSAM  
 Windows HPC Server 2008
 GRIA 
 Genesis II Project   http://genesis2.virginia.edu/wiki/ 
 Advanced Resource Connector (ARC v0.6 and above)
 XtreemOS Grid Operating System 
 EMOTIVE Cloud  
 IBM Tivoli Workload Scheduler Tivoli Workload Scheduler

See also 
 Resource Specification Language (See The Globus Resource Specification Language RSL v1.0)
 Distributed Resource Management Application API

External links 

 
 JSDL working group project page
 Windows HPC Server 2008
Grid computing
XML-based standards
Computer-related introductions in 2005
AEM. AEM or A.E.M. may refer to:

Aviation
 Aviation Electrician's Mate, a rating of the U.S. Navy
 IATA airport code for Amgu Airport in Primorsky Krai, Russia

Companies, groups, organizations
  (English: Mexican Space Agency), the national space agency of Mexico
 Agnico Eagle Mines Limited, a Canadian-based gold producer
 Association of Equipment Manufacturers, a United States-based trade association
 Societé d'Application Electro-Mécanique (AEM), manufacturer of the AEM (1924 automobile)

Engineering, science and technology
 AEM rubber, an ethylene acrylic rubber
 Alkaline earth metal, the 6 chemical elements in group 2 of the periodic table.
 α-Ethylmescaline, a psychedelic drug
 Analytic element method, a numerical technique
 Anion exchange membrane, a type of semipermeable membrane used in fuel cells
 Applications Explorer Mission, part of the Explorer program
 Applied and Environmental Microbiology, a scientific research journal
 Applied element method, a method of structural analysis
 Atlantic Equatorial mode, a climate pattern of the tropical Atlantic Ocean
EMD AEM-7 locomotive

Other uses
 Adobe Experience Manager, a suite of digital marketing software products
 AEM (1987 automobile), a Welsh-built version of the Mini-Moke
 AEM (1924 automobile), a French electric car
 Airborne Electro-Magnetic (AEM) waves, discovered by Heinrich Hertz and predicted by James Clerk Maxwell's equations of electromagnetism. 
 Arem language (ISO 639-3 code: aem), an endangered Austro-Asiatic language of South-East Asia
 Associate Emergency Manager, a certification conferred by the International Association of Emergency Managers
 Automated efficiency model, a mathematical model used in real estate
 Charles H. Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management (AEM) at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York

See also
John Socha. John Socha-Leialoha (born 1958) is a software developer best known for creating Norton Commander, the first orthodox file manager.  The original Norton Commander was written for DOS.  Over the years, Socha's design for file management has been extended and cloned many times.

John grew up in the woods of Wisconsin, earned a BS degree in Electrical Engineering from University of Wisconsin–Madison, and his PhD in Applied Physics from Cornell University. He now lives in Bellevue, Washington with his wife. His son, John Avi, is a graduate of the University of Washington.

Starting in September 2010, John began working at Microsoft officially.

Independent work
In the early days of the IBM PC, John Socha wrote a column for the now defunct magazine Softalk, where he published such programs as ScrnSave, KbdBuffer (extending the keyboard buffer), and Whereis (finding files on a hard disk).

ScrnSave was the first screensaver ever created.John Socha also coined the term screen saver.  The built-in screensaver (night sky with stars) was one of the most distinctive features of Norton Commander, along with the two-panel blue screen.

When Peter Norton Computing was acquired by Symantec in 1990, John Socha left to found his own company, Socha Computing Inc. The company developed the Microsoft Plus! add-on pack for Windows 95, screensavers for Windows 98, and two minigames for the 1996 video game Muppets Inside. In August 1997, Socha Computing was acquired by Asymetrix.

Since October 2003, John has devoted himself to his long-standing hobby of model railroading. He is co-founder of New Rail Models.

In December 2004, John Socha co-authored Optimize Your Pocket PC Development with the .NET Compact Framework for MSDN Magazine.

Norton Commander

John Socha continued work on his VDOS program after joining Peter Norton Computing as their first director of research and development. In 1986 the software product was released under the name of Norton Commander.

Socha also led the development team of Norton Utilities for the Macintosh computer platform.

John has written a number of technical books published under the Peter Norton name, including the best-selling Peter Norton's Assembly Language Book ().

Other work
John has many other projects including controllers for train models and mobile application design.

John maintains a YouTube channel on which he discusses small scale CNC machining and injection molding fabrication techniques.

John is a private pilot and owns Daisy, a plane featured in books by Richard Bach.

References

  Nikolai Bezroukov (2005). The History of Development of Norton Commander (NC line of OFMs)
 Co-authored Teach Yourself... Visual Basic 5 for MIS Press with Dan Rahmel and Devra Hall.

External links
John Socha-Leialoha's Blog
John Socha-Leialoha blog at Microsoft

1958 births
Living people
American computer programmers
 University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Engineering alumni
Cornell University alumni
Water Environment Federation. The Water Environment Federation (WEF) is a not-for-profit technical and educational organization of more than 34,000 individual members and 75 Member Associations (MAs) representing water quality professionals around the world. WEF, which was formerly known as the Federation of Sewage Works Associations and later as the Water Pollution Control Federation, and originated in 1928.  WEF members include experts and specialists in the fields of:
environmental engineering
industrial wastewater treatment
sewage treatment and sewage sludge treatment
stormwater management
water quality analysis and planning
and related disciplines.

WEF is headquartered in Alexandria, Virginia, United States.

Publications and Conferences 
In addition to books, technical reports, and conferences proceedings, WEF publishes the peer-reviewed journal, Water Environment Research, and the magazine, Water Environment Technology. WEF sponsors local and national speciality meetings, as well as the world's largest annual water conference: WEFTEC - Water Environment Federation Technical Exposition and Conference.

Awards 
To recognize individuals and groups in a number of areas, WEF sponsors awards in the categories of: Published Papers; Operational and Design Excellence; Education; Individual Service and Contribution; Fellows; Organization and Association Recognition; National Municipal Stormwater and Green Infrastructure, as well as Committee Chair Service Appreciation.

See also
National Association of Clean Water Agencies (NACWA) - U.S. local government sewage treatment agencies
Water supply and sanitation in the United States

References

American engineering organizations
Environmental engineering
Non-profit organizations based in Alexandria, Virginia
Water pollution in the United States
International water associations
Supraorganizations
Return channel. In communications systems, the return channel (also reverse channel or return link) is the transmission link from a user terminal to the central hub. Return links are often, but not always, slower than the corresponding forward links. Examples where this is true include asymmetric digital subscriber line, cable modems, mobile broadband and satellite internet access.

The return channel need not use the same medium as the main channel. For example, some hybrid Internet access services use a one-way cable television system for the forward channel and a dial-up modem for the return channel. Even when the return and forward channels use the same medium, their differences often dictate the use of very different data modulation and coding techniques. For example, in a star radio network, only the central hub transmits on the forward link, so channel access method is a consideration only on the return link.

The "forward/return" terminology is also used for spacecraft communication links for command and telemetry. Because the return link carries telemetry, often including imagery, it is often orders of magnitude faster than the forward link that transmits only a few predefined spacecraft commands.

Return and forward channels are distinct from, and should not be confused with, uplinks and downlinks in satellite communication systems. For example, satellite internet access with conventional bent-pipe transponders require a total of two uplinks and two downlinks. One uplink and downlink pair are used for the forward link from the central ground hub through the satellite to the user terminal, and another uplink/downlink pair are used for the return link from the user terminal to the central hub.

See also
Backward channel
Upstream (networking)
Backhaul (telecommunications)

Communication circuits
Series 90. Series 90 may refer to:

Aircraft
 Express Series 90, an American homebuilt aircraft design

Computing
 UNIVAC Series 90, mainframe computers
 Series 90 (software platform), a platform for mobile phones that uses Symbian OS
 UNIVAC Series 90, line of mainframe computers

Trains
 JNR 90 series, prototype of JNR 101 series electric multiple unit
Chas. T. Main. Chas. T. Main Inc. was an engineering company of the United States founded in 1893 and specialized in power generation—mainly hydroelectric power. In 1985, the company was bought by Parsons Corporation.

History
It was founded in 1893 by Charles T. Main, an engineer for the textile mills of New England.  It was privately owned by its senior engineers, it being felt that this would leave decision making to those that knew the industry best. In addition to the then-traditional business of water and steam power, Main soon expanded into the new field of water resource engineering  and hydroelectric generation. In 1949 it began an association with the United States Atomic Energy Commission working on projects relating to plutonium-based nuclear reactors. It rose to become a worldwide player in the utility industries, providing many wide-ranging engineering services. For example, in the mid-1950s Charles T. Main was responsible for the building of a hydro-electric plant in Turkey (Sarıyar Dam) and developing a plan to unify development of the water resources of the Jordan River Valley for its surrounding countries, Jordan, Syria, and Israel.

Main also provided economic and consulting services including forecasting, impact, allocation, and feasibility studies. Former Main consultant John Perkins is author of the book Confessions of an Economic Hit Man, which deals with the issues of third world debt and neo-colonialism.

In the mid 1980s, mismanagement led to the downfall of Main and it was bought by Parsons Corporation of Pasadena, California in 1985, which changed its name to Parsons Main, Inc. in January 1992.

References

Engineering companies of the United States
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1893
Technology companies disestablished in 1985
1893 establishments in Massachusetts
1985 disestablishments in Massachusetts
Consulting firms established in 1893