omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Fokker K.I. The Fokker K.I ( - "Battleplane"), company designation M.9, was a German experimental biplane built during World War I by the  (Fokker Aircraft Company). It was intended to meet a need by the  (Imperial German Air Service) for an aircraft that could defend itself against Entente fighters armed with machine guns. Fokker had had only limited resources available for the project and Anthony Fokker, the company's owner and chief designer, could not devote a lot of time or material to the K.I, given the demands on his time and the company's resources. The limited flight testing conducted by Fokker revealed multiple problems with the aircraft's center of gravity and structural strength. Resolving these issues was beyond Fokker's resources at that time and he ordered the K.I scrapped.

Background and development
The company had been forced to focus on expanding its facilities and workforce to satisfy the plethora of orders that it had received after the beginning of the war in 1914 and the K.I was Anthony Fokker's first new design since the war began. The Imperial German Air Service had expressed concerns about the vulnerability of its reconnaissance aircraft to Entente fighters and Fokker decided to see what might be possible without devoting a lot of time to the project. As interrupter gear that allowed guns to safely fire through a spinning propeller was still under development, including by Fokker, this meant a design that maximized the field of fire of its gunner(s). Fokker devised an unusual three-seat design with a central nacelle with engines at each end in a push-pull configuration that was flanked on each side by booms with gunners positioned at their front.

First flown in 1915, the M.9 had two M.7 fuselages and tails, without engines, mounted on the lower wing. To this was added a central with two seven-cylinder, 80 hp Oberursel U.0  rotary engines, one at either end. The crew of three included a pilot in the nacelle, and one gunner positioned at the nose of each fuselage.

Mounting the two fuselages on the wings with no connection between them further aft turned out to be a mistake. Fokker was still using wing warping instead of ailerons for roll control, so when the wings were warped, the fuselages were deflected in opposite directions, either up or down depending upon which way the aircraft was rolled. This led to some very divergent flight characteristics. The test program was brief.

References

Bibliography
 
 

1910s German attack aircraft
K.I
Aircraft first flown in 1915
Rotary-engined aircraft
Twin-fuselage aircraft
Twin-tail aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Language-based system. A language-based system is a type of operating system that uses language features to provide security, instead of or in addition to hardware mechanisms. In such systems, code referred to as the trusted base is responsible for approving programs for execution, assuring they cannot perform operations detrimental to the system's stability without first being detected and dealt with. A very common strategy of guaranteeing that such operations are impossible is to base the system around a high-level language, such as Java, whose design precludes dangerous constructs; many are entirely written in such a language, with only the minimum amount of low-level code being used. Since language-based systems can assure ahead of time that they cannot do things that can damage the system (such as corrupting memory by dereferencing dangling pointers), it is possible for them to avoid expensive address space switches needed by traditional OSes; because of this, microkernels are more popular than traditional systems. A more extreme form of this is a high-level language computer architecture, where the trusted base is pushed into hardware, and the entire system is written in a high-level language.

Examples
Burroughs MCP
Cosmos
Emerald
Inferno
JX
Lisp machine
Midori
Oberon
Singularity
Smalltalk
Theseus OS
UCSD P-system
Verve

See also
 High-level language computer architecture

References

A Sabelfeld, AC Myers Language-based information-flow security  IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 2003 Volume 21, Issue 1 pp. 5–19
V Haldar, D Chandra, M Franz Semantic remote attestation—a virtual machine directed approach to trusted computing USENIX Virtual Machine Research and Technology Symposium, 2004
Giacobazzi, Mastroeni Abstract non-interference: parameterizing non-interference by abstract interpretation Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languages pp 186–97 (2004)
Algis Rudys, Dan S. Wallach Termination in language-based systems ACM Transactions on Information and System Security (TISSEC) Volume 5, Issue 2 (May 2002) pp. 138–68

Operating system kernels
Fokker M 10. 

The Fokker M 10 was a two-seater reconnaissance / trainer biplane with single-bay wings equipped with wing-warping controls for roll, powered by a 7-cylinder 80 hp Oberursel U.0 engine. Several M 10 aircraft were purchased by the Imperial and Royal Aviation Troops of Austro Hungary.

During the First World War the Imperial and Royal Aviation Troops (colloquially known as the Austro-Hungarian Air Service or K.u.K. Luftfahrtruppen) lacked aircraft production capacity, purchasing aircraft from its German ally. In 1916 the Fokker M 10 was acquired in two versions, with single-bay wings as the Fokker M 10E (E for Einstielig), known to the Luftfahrtruppen as the Fokker B.I), and the Fokker M 10Z (Z for Zweistielig), with two-bay wings (known by the Luftfahrtruppen as the Fokker B.II).

The single-bay winged M 10E (B.I) was powered by an  Oberursel U.0 7-cyl. rotary engine and was derived directly from the earlier Fokker M 7, which had been operated by the Naval air service of the Kaiserliche Marine from 1915. The aircraft were almost identical with the exception of revised and strengthened undercarriage and centre section cabane struts.

The first 12 machines, 03.13-03.24, were delivered in January-February 1915. The last 12, 03.29-03.40 were all delivered without engines by January 1916. Aircraft served in Flik 6 on the Balkan Front; Fliks 14, 25, 27 on the Isonzo Front and Fliks 16 and 17 in Karnten and the Tyrol until early 1916.  As they became replaced by better, more powerful machines they were relegated to secondary training activities, serving with Fleks 3, 4, 6, 8 and 9 until the end of the war.

Operators

KuKLFT

Luftstreitkrafte
Kaiserliche Marine

Specifications (M.10Z)

See also

Notes

Bibliography

1910s German military reconnaissance aircraft
M.10)
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Rotary-engined aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1915
Breda-Zappata BZ.309. The Breda-Zappata B.Z.309 was an Italian twin-engined airliner project by Breda.

Design and development
Aircraft designer Filippo Zappata developed a short range twin-engined civil transport for 11 to 15 passengers. The Breda company had financial problems which led to the project being abandoned.

Specifications (estimated)

References

1940s Italian airliners
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Breda aircraft
Fokker D.IV. The Fokker D.IV was a German fighter biplane of World War I, a development of the D.I.

Development
The Fokker D.IV had a more powerful Mercedes D.III engine, and was the first Fokker front-line design to use ailerons in place of wing warping from the start for roll control.

Operational history
The aircraft was purchased in small numbers (40) by the German Army but it is thought that only 1 aircraft flown by Hans von Keudell of Jasta 1 saw any service on the Western Front all others being relegated to a training role or home defense duties. This was because of a general ban placed on the front-line use of Fokker aircraft on 6 December 1916 due to poor workmanship and a lack of quality control at the factory.

The Swedish Air Force also bought four examples of the type powered by 150 h.p. Benz Bz.III engines., but only 1 was assembled and armed, the remaining 3 being stored in a dismantled state.

Operators
 
 Luftstreitkrafte - 40 aircraft.
 
 Swedish Air Force - Four aircraft.

Specifications

References

Notes

Bibliography

 Green, William and Gordon Swanborough. The Complete Book of Fighters. London: Greenwich Editions, 1994. .
 Lamberton, W. M. Fighter Aircraft of the 1914-1918 War. Letchworth, Herts, UK: Harleyford Publications Limited, 1960.
 Taylor, Michael J. H. Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. London: Studio Editions, 1989. . 
 Wagner, Ray and Heinz Nowarra. German Combat Planes: A Comprehensive Survey and History of the Development of German Military Aircraft from 1914 to 1945. New York: Doubleday, 1971.
 World Aircraft Information Files: File 894 Sheet 40–41. London: Bright Star Publishing, 1989.

1910s German fighter aircraft
D 04
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1916
ASDE. ASDE may refer to:

Airport Surface Detection Equipment (surface movement radar)
ASDE-X (Airport Surface Detection Equipment, Model X), an airport runway safety tool
ASDE-3—Airport Movement Area Safety System
Federación de Scouts-Exploradores de España
ASD Simplified Technical English
ASDEX Upgrade (Axially Symmetric Divertor Experiment)
Alliance of Socialists and Democrats for Europe

See also
ASD (disambiguation)
Fokker D.V. The Fokker D.V (Fokker designation M.22) was a German biplane fighter of World War I.

Design and development
After the disappointing performance of his D.I through D.IV, Fokker resolved to produce a smaller, lighter rotary-powered design. The new prototype, designated M.21, was a development of the earlier M.17 fighter which Fokker had produced for the Austro-Hungarian Air Service. The M.21 featured a swept back upper wing to improve pilot view.

Fokker was enthusiastic about the new aircraft, which was highly maneuverable. After the addition of a modified cowling and stringers along the fuselage sides, the aircraft was designated M.22. In October 1916, Idflieg ordered the M.22 into production as the D.V.

Operational history
Deliveries commenced in January 1917. Due to the low-compression Oberursel U.I, the D.V offered poor performance compared to the Albatros fighters. The D.V saw little active service and most aircraft were relegated to fighter training schools. When the Fokker Dr.I entered service in late 1917, small numbers of D.V aircraft were issued to squadrons for use as conversion trainers.

Production of the D.V totaled 216 aircraft.

Specifications

References

Bibliography
 Gray, Peter and Owen Thetford. German Aircraft of the First World War. London: Putnam, 1962. 
 Leaman, Paul. Fokker Dr.I Triplane: A World War One Legend. Hersham, Surrey, UK: Classic Publications, 2003. .
 Weyl, A.R. Fokker: The Creative Years. London: Putnam, 1988. .

1910s German fighter aircraft
D 05
Rotary-engined aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1917

de:Fokker D.I-V
ThreadWeaver. ThreadWeaver is a system library initially developed for KDE Software Compilation 4 and later refactored for KDE Frameworks 5.

ThreadWeaver allows developers to easily take advantage of multi-core processors and multithreading. In ThreadWeaver the workload is divided into individual jobs, then relationship between jobs (what order they should be completed or which has a higher priority); from that ThreadWeaver will work out the most efficient way to execute them. Krita has implemented visual filter previews using ThreadWeaver to prevent GUI lockups.

References

Further reading 

Application programming interfaces
Free computer libraries
KDE Frameworks
KDE Platform
Fokker V.9. The Fokker V.9 was part of a series of experimental aircraft which led up to the low-production D.VI fighter. The aircraft were very similar, varying in detail and power plants.

The V.9 was powered by a  Oberursel U.O (later re-engined with a 110 hp Ur.II rotary) and first flew in December 1917; all others flew in 1918.

The V.12 was powered by an experimental , Steyr-Le Rhône engine.

The V.14. Like the V.12, the V.14 was powered by the  Steyr-Le Rhone.

The V.16 was powered by the  Oberursel Ur. II.

The V.33 was a development of the V.9. It was tested with both a  Ur. II engine and then a  Ur. III engine.

Bibliography

References

1910s German fighter aircraft
V.09
Rotary-engined aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1917
Fokker V.8. Fokker V.8 was a five-winged aircraft built by Fokker for the Luftstreitkräfte during World War I.

After the initial success of the Fokker Dr.I triplane, Anthony Fokker proposed a quintuplane, reasoning that if three wings were good, five would be even better.  Reinhold Platz, chief engineer for Fokker, was at first shocked by the idea: further thought only strengthened this reaction.  Nevertheless, the aircraft was built.  Using some parts of the V.6, Platz designed a machine with three wings at the extreme front of the aircraft and a pair of wings midway along the fuselage, the mid-fuselage biplane wings placed where their leading edges were virtually even with the aft end of the cockpit coaming.  Balanced control surfaces were fitted to the upper wings, those at the front acting as conventional ailerons and those in the rear working with the elevators.

The pilot was seated just ahead of the biplane wings. Like the V.6, it was powered by a 120 hp (90 kW) water-cooled Mercedes engine.  Fokker, who was his own test pilot, made two brief flights in October 1917, after which it was abandoned. The Fokker V.8 was powered by a 119 kW (160 hp) Mercedes engine.

Platz regarded the aircraft as such a monstrosity that later on he would only speak of it reluctantly, and disliked its design being attributed to him.

References

Bibliography

Bowers, Peter M. and McDowell, Ernest R., "Triplanes," Motorbooks Ltd, Osceola WI, 1993, , pages 106-107

Weyl, A.J. Fokker: The Creative Years. London: Putnam, 1965.

1910s German experimental aircraft
V.08
Tandem-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Multiplane aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1917
Bölkow Bo 103. The Bölkow Bo 103 was an ultralight experimental helicopter flown in West Germany in 1961. It was designed for reconnaissance and command-control purposes and constructed by Bölkow Entwicklungen KG as part of a research order by the German Federal Ministry of Defense. 

While the mechanics of the aircraft were based on the Bo 102 captive training rig, the Bo 103 was capable of fully independent flight. In configuration, it was absolutely minimalist - consisting of nothing more than a tubular frame to which the dynamic components and the pilots seat were attached, although a small fibreglass cabin was eventually attached. The aircraft retained the Bo 102's single-rotor of Glass-reinforced plastic, and proved that this was suitable for true flight. A single prototype was built, but work was stopped in 1962 due to lack of interest on the part of the West German armed forces. The prototype is preserved at the Hubschraubermuseum Bückeburg.

Specifications

See also

References

 
 
 EADS website

External links

 picture at Bückeburg helicopter museum.

Bo 103
1960s German experimental aircraft
Monocopters
1960s German helicopters
Single-engined piston helicopters
Aircraft first flown in 1961
Florida Atlantic University College of Engineering and Computer Science. The FAU College of Engineering and Computer Science is located in Boca Raton, Florida and is one of the ten academic colleges of Florida Atlantic University. The College offers undergraduate and graduate degrees in engineering, computer and applied sciences. The College hosts the University's Ocean Engineering program which was the first undergraduate ocean engineering program in the United States.

Departments
The College of Engineering and Computer Science is divided into the following departments:
 Civil Engineering
 Computer Science and Engineering
 Electrical Engineering
 Environmental Engineering
 Geomatics Engineering
 Mechanical Engineering
 Ocean Engineering

Research
Florida Atlantic was the first university in the country to offer an undergraduate degree in ocean engineering in 1964. The first class numbering 35 graduated in 1967. The program was created in response to the loss of the Navy's submarine USS Thresher off the coast of Massachusetts. The sub and its crew were lost after a test dive and found in 8,400 feet of water, far below the sub's crush depth. Concerned about underwater equipment designed by engineers with no marine experience, FAU and the Navy established a program that would eventually draw students from around the globe and be recognized in the 1996 Guinness Book of World Records for "the fastest speed attained by a human-powered propeller submarine."

Other events

Accreditation 
The College is fully accredited through the University by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges.

References

External links
College of Engineering and Computer Science
Florida Atlantic University Official Website

Florida Atlantic University
Computer science departments in the United States
Hornet (dinghy). The Hornet dinghy is a 16-foot-high performance dinghy designed by Jack Holt in 1952.

It is sailed by two people, with either a sliding seat ('plank') or a single trapeze, or where neither plank nor trapeze is fitted, by three people. The Hornet is a restricted class meaning that its external hull measurements, sailing weight, sail measurements, and mast dimensions and weights are controlled, but the hull's interior layout, centreboard and rudder have few restrictions. Permitted materials are restricted in order to control costs.

Development
The Hornet was originally designed by Holt for inexpensive homebuilding using marine plywood bent over a simple frame, along the lines of his popular 14 foot GP14 design. During the 1960s composite and GRP boats were supplied by various builders, such as Doe, Baker, Dingwall, etc. but, due to large flat panels of GRP being more flexible (or heavier) than marine ply, those were generally not always competitive with the best wooden boats from the likes of Rigden, Gibbens, Cory et al.

During the 1970s and early 1980s the class was updated progressively by the adoption of the trapeze, larger sails, and the phased reduction of overall weight limits over several years. Performance was revolutionised in 1973 by the introduction of No.1782 "Revolution" by Malcolm Goodwin, which was significantly faster than conventional Hornets. The hull shape was hydrodynamically optimised taking advantage of permitted tolerances, being built over a much stiffer frame to control its shape and stiffen its structure. Among other improvements an effective gybing centreboard was developed. Two other boats, Super Zonka and Short Circuit, were built at the same time, with gybing boards.

Goodwin subsequently productionised his design and manufactured it in various forms: self assembly kits, part finished hulls, or finished boats. 

Tim Baker subsequently built composite boats from a Goodwin mould. 

Richard Lovett developed an interpretation of the new hull shape, and built two boats still known for their speed. 

Tim Coombe went on to build several more boats from the same frames.

In 2000, a new deck mould was developed, and Speed Sails, and later Bob Hoare, built around 10 new boats in FRP. 

In 2008, a new skiff-style deck mould was developed, and 5 boats built with this new space frame layout. 

The current generation of Hornets are being built by SP Boats. 

The latest sail number is 2190, but the longevity of the class is illustrated by the fact that 20-year-old boats are still winning the championships.

The Hornet celebrated its 60th anniversary in 2012.

The Hornet was adopted by Poland as the trainer for the Olympic Flying Dutchman dinghy class.

The main Hornet fleets are in the south of England and in Poland.

LOA      		: 
Beam     		: 
Sail Area 		: 
Dry Hull weight (min)  : 
All up weight (min)   : 
Portsmouth number : 973

References

External links
UK Hornet Class website

Dinghies
Boats designed by Jack Holt
Nuclear Safety Research Reactor. The Nuclear Safety Research Reactor (NSRR) is a TRIGA design nuclear research reactor operated by the Japan Atomic Energy Agency.

First criticality: June 1975

As of 2006, the reactor has performed 3033 pulses and 1280 Nuclear fuel experiments.  In 1989 the reactor underwent a power uprate.

External links
Official Site (Japanese)

Nuclear research reactors
Nuclear technology in Japan
Hartland Snyder. Hartland Sweet Snyder (1913 – May 22, 1962) was an American physicist who, together with J. Robert Oppenheimer, showed how large stars would collapse to form black holes. This work modeled the gravitational collapse of a pressure-free homogeneous fluid sphere and found that it would be unable to communicate with the rest of the universe. This discovery was depicted in the movie Oppenheimer, where Snyder was portrayed by actor Rory Keane. Historian of physics David C. Cassidy assessed that this prediction of black holes might have won a Nobel Prize in Physics had the authors been alive in the 1990s when evidence was available.

Some publications Snyder authored together with Ernest Courant laid the foundations for the field of accelerator physics. In particular, Snyder with Courant and Milton Stanley Livingston developed the principle of strong focusing that made modern particle accelerators possible. The Courant–Snyder parameters, a method of characterizing the distribution of particles in a beam, were an important part of that contribution.

Life and Career 
Snyder was born in Salt Lake City. He received a bachelor of science degree from the University of Utah in 1937, followed by a PhD from the University of California at Berkeley in 1940. His doctoral dissertation was supervised by Oppenheimer. He served on the physics faculty at Northwestern University from 1940 to 1947, then joined Brookhaven National Laboratory.

In 1954, Snyder bet against Maurice Goldhaber that antiprotons existed, and won.

Snyder died May 22, 1962 after a heart attack. When he died, he was on leave from his position as a senior physicist at Brookhaven National Laboratory while working at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory.

See also 

 Noncommutative quantum field theory
 Quantum spacetime
 Timeline of gravitational physics and relativity

References 

20th-century American physicists
Accelerator physicists
American relativity theorists
University of Utah alumni
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Northwestern University faculty
1913 births
1962 deaths