omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Giuseppe Merosi. Giuseppe Merosi (8 December 1872 – 27 March 1956) was an Italian automobile engineer and designer.

Born in Piacenza, Merosi worked as a building surveyor, before he decided to explore his gift for automotive engineering. He first earned experiences at Bianchi and then at Fiat. In 1910 he was hired as chief engineer to the new company A.L.F.A which was established at Portello in Milan, later to become Alfa Romeo when the company stopped buying manufactured licensed products from the French automaker Automobiles Darracq France. 

The first Alfa designed by Merosi was A.L.F.A 24 HP, which came on the market on 24 June 1910. The 4.1 litres capacity engine supplied 42 hp and the cars reached , at that time a very considerable maximum speed. After little more than one year, Alfa had already sold 50 models. The car proved to be durable and reliable, and was conspicuous for its elegant design. Higher HP models followed in the coming years. In 1914 Merosi designed the first Alfa Romeo DOHC engine, 4 cylinders, 4.5 litres and 16 valve head, this was used in the 1914 Alfa Romeo Grand Prix car driven by Giuseppe Campari. World War I temporarily stopped Alfa's activities and Merosi could start working again with DOHC engine only in 1922. In the early 1920s he also worked on the deluxe Alfa Romeo G1.

Merosi was one of the first people at Alfa to recognize the importance of producing racing cars, both in terms of technical development and marketing. His Alfa Romeo HP had already taken part in the 1911 edition of Targa Florio. In 1920 Alfa Romeo started producing proper racing cars with the RL and RM as well as the P1. Alfa Romeo would win the Targa Florio for the first time in 1923 with Ugo Sivocci.

In 1926 Merosi left Alfa Romeo and he was replaced with new chief engineer Vittorio Jano. He worked afterwards for Isotta Fraschini until he retired when the company suspended its activity following the outbreak of World War II. Merosi died in Piacenza at the age of 84 in 1956.

References 

1872 births
1956 deaths
People from Piacenza
Italian automotive engineers
Alfa Romeo people
Formula One designers
Italian motorsport people
20th-century Italian engineers
SEDAT. SEDAT ("Space Environment DATa System") provides access to near-original satellite data on the space environment in order to perform analyses and queries needed for evaluation of space environment hazards.

History 
The development was performed between 1999 and 2001 by the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) and funded by the European Space Agency via its Space Environments and Effects Section.

Description 
The aim of the SEDAT project is to develop a new approach to the engineering analysis of the spacecraft charged-particle environments. The project assembled a database containing a large and comprehensive set of data about that environment as measured in-situ by a number of space plasma missions. The user is able to select a set of space environment data appropriate to the engineering problem under study. The project developed a set of software tools, which can operate on the data retrieved from the SEDAT database. These tools allow the user to carry out a wide range of engineering analyses. 

This approach differs from traditional space environment engineering studies. In the latter the space environment is characterised by a model that is a synthesis of previous observations. However, in SEDAT the environment is characterised directly by the observations. This approach offers several advantages to the engineering analyst: 

The data used in the study can be tailored more precisely to the engineering problem under study. 
The analysis is not constrained by selection effects within the model used. 
The analyst may tailor the processing of the data to the problem under study. 
The analysis is not constrained by binning or other processing effects that were used to generate the model. 
New data are readily incorporated in the database and thus made available for engineering analyses. 

The traditional approach would require the production, validation and dissemination of an updated model, which is a far more time-consuming activity. 

The SEDAT concept foresees access to distributed datasets, capture of processing methods and openness in analysis tools.

SEDAT implementation 
The implementation of SEDAT is divided into three main parts: 
Construction of the SEDAT database, based in the STPDF.
Production of the analysis tools to be used in conjunction with the SEDAT database, based on IDL routines.
Execution of four small exercises, using the SEDAT database and tools, to demonstrate that these functions operate correctly. 

Four demonstrations of the SEDAT system were performed in the original study: 
 Update of solar proton model (RAL-SED-TN-0301) 
 Radiation dose calculation for interplanetary mission (RAL-SED-TN-0302) 
 Correlation of electron fluxes with spacecraft anomalies (RAL-SED-TN-0303) 
 Electron fluorescence on XMM (RAL-SED-TN-0304)

References

External links
Spaceweather
SEDAT Project Description

Environmental science databases
European Space Agency
Research institutes in Oxfordshire
Space science
Robert K. Thomas (chemist). Robert Kemeys Thomas  (born 25 September 1941), also known as Bob Thomas, is a physical chemist working in the Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory (PTCL) at the University of Oxford.

Early life and education
He was born in Harpenden, the son of the Rev. Herbert Samuel Griffiths Thomas MC and Dr Agnes Paterson Thomas (née McLaren). He was educated at St John's College, Oxford.

Career and research
He is a fellow of University College, Oxford. He works in the field of soft condensed matter and is a pioneer in the development of neutron scattering and reflectivity techniques. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1998.
 Surfaces and Interfaces Award (2010)

Personal life
He married Pamela Woods in 1968. They have three children.

References

1941 births
People from Harpenden
Fellows of the Royal Society
Fellows of University College, Oxford
Living people
British physical chemists
Notch code. A notch code is a set of notches or recesses cut into the edge of a piece of sheet film to provide a tactile way to identify the film brand, type, and processing chemistry  (e.g. black and white, color negative, or color reversal) in the dark.  It enables photographers to identify the emulsion side of the film when loading sheet film holders, and helps processing lab technicians avoid placing sheets in the wrong processor. After processing the notches serve as a permanent visual record of the same information. When the film is oriented vertically (portrait format), the notches are in the top edge near the upper right corner when the emulsion faces the viewer.

Code notches and ISO speeds for Kodak sheet films

Code notches and ISO speeds for Ilford sheet films

Code notches and ISO speeds for Fuji sheet films

Historic Notch Codes

Sources

 Note 31.3 of the RIT PhotoForum List FAQ File 
 Kodak Tech Pub F3
 Kodak Technical Publication P7-4A: Reference Data for Kodak Professional Photographic Products.
  More film notch codes.
 Kodak information on Plus-X Pan Professional with correct notch code  http://www.kodak.com/global/en/professional/support/techPubs/f8/f8.pdf

References

Photographic film markings
Tech camp. A tech camp is a summer camp which focuses on technology education, sometimes referred to as a computer camp. These camps often include programs such as video game design, robotics, and programming. These camps first began to appear in the United States in the late 1970s. National Computer Camps was the first computer camp established in 1977.

References

External links
 U.S. News & World Report April 23, 2001, p. 41.
 Computer World, No 16, April 17, 1978, p. 16.

Computing and society
Summer camps
Dynex Semiconductor. Dynex Semiconductor based in Lincoln, England, United Kingdom is a global supplier of products and services specialising in the field of power semiconductor devices and silicon on sapphire integrated circuit products. The power products they manufacture include IGBTs, various types of thyristor and GTOs.

History
The Dynex power semiconductor business was originally established in Lincoln over 50 years ago when it was known as AEI Semiconductors Ltd. At that time, the business introduced some of the first silicon-based power semiconductor components in the world. Since then it acquired the power semiconductor interests, technologies and products from some major names such as GEC, SGS-Thomson, Alstom and Marconi Electronic Devices (MEDL).

Chinese takeover
In 2008, 75% of Dynex Power shares were acquired by Chinese manufacturer Zhuzhou CSR Times Electric Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of CSR Corporation Limited. A 2018 report in The Sunday Times asked if this acquisition led to China using British technology to build a railgun.

Research partnerships
Along with several other industry partners, Dynex is a member of the National Microelectronics Institute of the University of Surrey Dynex also supports research in power conversion electronics for hybrid vehicles with two other British universities, Durham University and the University of Warwick.

References

External links
 Official website

Semiconductor companies of the United Kingdom
Companies based in Lincoln, England
CRRC Group
Hoccer. Hoccer is an arcade sports video game released by Eastern Micro Electronics in 1983. The game shows futuristic interpretation of ice hockey cross-overed with some elements of the game of soccer.

Gameplay

The player controls Andrew, the one man team. Ord and Clee are robots whose goal is to destroy him any way they can (by driving him against the boards, into a spinner, or by hitting him with a supercharged ball). Knock out Ord and Clee with your ball or by hitting them against the sides. Points are also scored by hitting the goal and hitting the targets on the sides.

Scoring

 Hitting robots into wall: 500 points per robot.
 Hitting robots with ball: 500 points for 1st robot, 1, 000 and 1, 500 for 2nd and 3rd robot hit with same shot.
 Hitting side targets: 100 points
 Hitting side targets after spinning a spinner: 200, 400, 600, 800 or 1, 000 points.
 Hitting all side targets give you extra player.
 Hitting Goal: 1, 000 points plus robots are frozen.

Reception
Gene Lewin of Play Meter magazine reviewed the arcade game, scoring it 6 out of 10.

References

External links
 

1983 video games
Arcade video games
Ice hockey video games
Cresidinesulfonic acid. p-Cresidinesulfonic acid (4-amino-5-methoxy-2-methylbenzenesulfonic acid) is used to make specialty dyes for food products.  It is a synthetic organic chemical that the United States imports from China, India, and Japan.

References

External sources
United States International Trade Commission
chemicalregister.com

Benzenesulfonic acids
Anilines
Phenol ethers
Bertram Hopkinson. Bertram Hopkinson  (11 January 1874 – 26 August 1918) was a British patent lawyer and Professor of Mechanism and Applied Mechanics at Cambridge University. In this position he researched flames, explosions and metallurgy and became a pioneer designer of the internal combustion engine.

Background
Hopkinson was born in Birmingham, in 1874, the son of John Hopkinson, an electrical engineer. He read law at Trinity College, Cambridge, and became a lawyer after his graduation. Following the death of his father, brother and two of his sisters in a mountaineering accident in 1898, Hopkinson switched to a career in engineering instead.

Career
In 1903, Hopkinson was elected to the Cambridge chair in mechanism and applied mechanics, and in 1910 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. During World War I he was commissioned into the Royal Engineers, and opened a research establishment at Orford Ness where he and his team researched weapons, sights, and ammunition. In 1915, Hopkinson discovered a similarity relation between the masses of explosive charges and their effects at a given distance. The same similarity relation was discovered independently in 1925 by Karl Julius Cranz in Germany.

Service in World War I
Having become an aviator after joining the army, Hopkinson died on 26 August 1918 when his Bristol Fighter crashed en route from Martlesham Heath to London. He is buried in the Parish of the Ascension Burial Ground in Cambridge, with his wife Mariana, née Siemens; they had seven daughters.

See also
Split-Hopkinson pressure bar

Notes

References 

Secondary sources

External links

 Biography at the University of Cambridge 
 Biography at King's College London

1874 births
1918 deaths
Academics from Birmingham, West Midlands
Lawyers from Birmingham, West Midlands
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Professors of engineering (Cambridge, 1875)
British automotive engineers
English engineers
English inventors
Fellows of the Royal Society
Royal Engineers officers
Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents in England
English aviators
Bertram
British Army personnel of World War I
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1918
Military personnel from Birmingham, West Midlands
Burials in Cambridgeshire
Transafrik International. Transafrik International is a cargo airline based in Angola with its offices in Fujairah, United Arab Emirates.

History
Transafrik has been in operation as a privately owned airline since 1984. Transafrik International was created initially to support the operation of Roan Selection Trust International - a diamond mining company. The diamond mining site is located in Cuango River, which is only reachable by C130 Hercules. They set up a short landing area in the site. Landmines planted by UNITA prevented the MAC truck from reaching the area, so Christian Rudolph G. Hellinger (CRGH), then President of RST International, created Transafrik International. CRGH is a German national born in Leipzig, East Germany.

It is a cargo airline, with airplane registration in the Republic of São Tomé e Príncipe, is currently working on contracts for the United Nations and has previously been on contract for the WFP (World Food Program) during the civil war in Angola for relief support. In 2006 Transafrik International was approached by the UN, which is its main contractor in Africa, to re-register the fleet to another nation for aviation safety reasons. Initial approaches were conducted to  re-register the fleet from São Tomé e Príncipe (S9) to Uganda (5X). However until 2008 all airplanes are still registered in São Tomé e Príncipe.

Destinations
Transafrik operates freight charter flights within Africa for customers such as the United Nations and the International Committee of the Red Cross as well as other freight operators.

Fleet

Current fleet
The Transafrik International fleet comprises the following aircraft (as of August 2017):

Former aircraft
The airline fleet previously included the following aircraft:
 5 Lockheed L-100 Hercules
 2 Douglas DC-8-32/33F

Accidents and incidents
At least two L-100 aircraft leased to the UN were shot down over UNITA-controlled territory during the late 1990s.
On October 12, 2010, Transafrik International Flight 662, a Lockheed L-100 Hercules registered in Uganda, crashed while trying to land at Kabul. The accident killed all eight crew.

References

External links
 

Airlines of Angola
Airlines formerly banned in the European Union
Cargo airlines
Airlines established in 1984
1984 establishments in Angola
Ecton (physics). Ectons are explosive electron emissions observed as individual packets or avalanches of electrons, occurring as microexplosions at the cathode. The electron current in an ecton starts flowing as a result of overheating of the metal cathode because of the high energy density (104Jg−1), and stops when the emission zone cools off.

Ectons occur in plasma-involving phenomena, such as: electrical discharges in vacuum, cathode spots of vacuum arcs, volumetric discharges in gases, pseudosparks, coronas, unipolar arcs, etc.

An ecton consists of individual portions of electrons (1011– 1012 particles). The formation time is of the order of nanoseconds.

References

Electron
Plasma phenomena
CFESat. CFESat (Cibola Flight Experiment Satellite) was a satellite that examined radio spectra for ionospheric and lightning studies, using field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). As well as science observation, the mission aimed to demonstrate the use of reconfigurable FPGAs to work in the radiation environment of low Earth orbit.

The eight satellite payloads were built by Los Alamos National Laboratory, and the bus was built by Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd. CFESat was the fourth experimental satellite project conducted between the National Nuclear Security Administration and NA-22 (the United States Department of Energy's Office of Research and Development), following up on previous space validation experiments performed on the ALEXIS and FORTE satellites.

CFESat was launched on an Atlas V rocket from Cape Canaveral on 8 March 2007, alongside Orbital Express, MidSTAR-1 and FalconSAT-3.

CFESat reentered the atmosphere on 12 November 2022, after fifteen years in orbit.

References

External links

 eoPortal summary of CFESat

Satellite Internet access
Spacecraft launched in 2007
Spacecraft which reentered in 2022
NSB Class 30. The NSB class 30 was a 4-6-0 tender steam locomotive formerly used in Norway by Norwegian State Railways. The class 30 engines were an upsized version of the NSB Class 45 engines. Class 30 locomotives were originally intended for use on the Dovre Line, but they were employed throughout the Norwegian rail network. The first of these engines were produced in 1914, the last in 1939.

A total of 45 type 30 engines were completed by Thune which produced 22 engines, and NMI which produced 23 engines. The type 30 was produced in three versions. Class 30a had four cylinder high pressure engine, while class 30b and 30c were compound engines. 18 units were made of the lightest version the 30a (numbered 256-258, 271-282, and 316-318), there were 23 units of the 30b (numbered 346-368), while 4 units were made of the heaviest version, the 30c (numbered 466 to 469). The last class 30 engines were withdrawn from service in 1969. However, engine no. 271 was preserved by the Norwegian Railway Club, and has been used by their department Norsk Museumstog for heritage trains on lines like the Rauma Line.

Incident
Two NSB class 30b engines, no. 364 and no. 365, double-headed to haul one of the trains involved in the Nidareid train disaster in 1921.

External links
Jernbane.net entry on NSB class 30

Class 30
4-6-0 locomotives
Steam locomotives of Norway
Railway locomotives introduced in 1914
Standard gauge locomotives of Norway
Thune locomotives
Elektro-Slovenija. Elektro-Slovenija, d.o.o. (ELES) is a state-owned electricity transmission company of Slovenia. The company was founded in 1991 by the Government of Slovenia.  It is the only power transmission system operator in the country. ELES operates the network of 400 kV, 220 kV and 110 kV transmission lines with a total length of . The managing director of the company is .

ELES is a member of the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E).

See also

Holding Slovenske elektrarne

References

External links

 

Electric power transmission system operators in Slovenia
Energy companies established in 1991
1991 establishments in Slovenia
Government-owned energy companies
Hideki Imai. is an information theorist and cryptographer, currently the director of Research Center for Information Security (RCIS), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) and a full professor at Chuo University. His notable work includes research in coding theory, block cipher design, and public-key cryptography.

In 1977, together with Hirakawa, he proposed a coded multilevel signal modulation scheme using several classes of binary error-correcting codes, whose symbols are combined to set up the transmission signal. This scheme is known as the Imai-Hirakawa code.

He received his Ph.D. in electrical engineering from the University of Tokyo in 1971. He was on the faculty of Yokohama National University from then until 1992, before he joined the faculty of the University of Tokyo. He has been the director of RCIS since 2005. He became a professor at Chuo University in April 2006.

He became an IEEE Fellow in 1992 for contributions to the theory of coded modulation and two-dimensional codes, and an IACR Fellow in 2007.

References

External links
 Hideki Imai's page at IIS
 Hideki Imai's page at RCIS
 ResearchMap profile

Living people
1943 births
Japanese information theorists
Modern cryptographers
University of Tokyo alumni
International Association for Cryptologic Research fellows
Academic staff of Yokohama National University
Academic staff of the University of Tokyo
Switching Control Center System. The Switching Control Center System was an operations support system developed by Bell Laboratories and deployed during the early 1970s.  This computer system was first based on the PDP-11 product line from Digital Equipment Corporation and used the CB Unix operating system and custom application software and device drivers that were developed and maintained by Bell Labs in Columbus, Ohio USA. SCCS was ported to the AT&T 3B20 and 3B5 computers running UNIX System V Release 2 in the early 1980s.

Prior to the SCCS, many telephone company switching centers were staffed 24 hours a day 365 days a year. With SCCS, telephone companies could significantly reduce the number of technicians and dispatch them as required to resolve problems or perform routine maintenance operations.

During the early 1970s, telephone companies began to phase out the older electromechanical switching systems such as the Number 1 Crossbar, Number 5 Crossbar, and step-by-step circuit switching systems and replace them with newer electronic switching systems that were controlled by proprietary computers but still used analog switch fabrics such as Bell-proprietary ferreed switch devices.

The SCCS system was phased out during the late 1990s and replaced by an OSS known as Network Monitoring and Analysis or NMA that was developed by Bell Communications Research now Telcordia Technologies.  AT&T developed additional products based on SCCS software, such as Compulert.

The primary purpose of the SCCS system was to provide operations, administration, maintenance, and provisioning (OAMP) functions for telephone company network operations staff. The SCCS accepted as input the slow 110 baud Teletype messages from circuit switching systems such as the Number 1 ESS, Number 2 ESS, Number 3 ESS, Number 5 ESS, and Traffic Service Position System (TSPS) network switches and provide analysis, reports, troubleshooting support, and other functions using newer faster DataSpeed-40 terminals.

This system was documented in the Bell System Technical Journal and AT&T internal Bell System Practices during the 1970s.

References

Telephony
Cliff stabilization. Cliff stabilization is a coastal management erosion control technique. This is most suitable for softer or less stable cliffs. Generally speaking, the cliffs are stabilised through dewatering (drainage of excess rainwater to reduce water-logging) or anchoring (the use of terracing, planting, wiring or concrete supports to hold cliffs in place).

External links
 Management of Coastal Erosion - Canterbury City Council
CAN - Rope access works - Protection from natural and industrial hazards

Coastal engineering
Coastal erosion
Geotechnical shoring structures