IMininingo

Ekuphishekeleni ulwazi, imininingo iyiqoqo lamanani alubandlu adlulisa ukwaziswa, achazisa umngakonani, izingabunjalo, isiminya, izibalomininingo, neminye imivo eyisisekelo yencazelo, noma uhide lwezimpawu ezingase zihlakahlwe ngokuqhubekayo . Umniningo uyisimo ngasinye eqoqweni lemininingo. Imininigo ngokuvamile ihlelwa yaba izinhlaka ezifana namacansi anikeza umongo nencazelo eyengeziwe, futhi zingase zisetshenziswe njengemininigo ezinhlakeni ezinkulu. Imininingo ingasetshenziswa njengeziguquki enqubweni yokucikiza .  Imininingo ingase imelele amasu ayizicabango noma izilinganiso eziphathekayo. Imininingo ivame ukusetshenziswa ocwaningweni lwenzululwazi, ezezimali, cishe nakuzo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zemsebenzi engokwenhlangano yabantu.

Izinhlobo zemininingo
Izibonelo zamaqoqo emininingo zifaka:
 Imininingo yomchazamhlaba
 Imininingo yesikompilo
 Imininingo yenzululwazi
 Imininingo yezezimali
 Imininingo yezibalomininingo
 Imininingo yesimo sezulu
 Imininingo yemvelo
 Imininingo yezokuthutha

Imininingo imelela amaqiniso angahleliwe kanye nezibalo ezingasetshenziswa ngendlela eyenza kugcinwe ukwaziswa okuwusizo kuwo.

Imininingo iqoqwa kusetshenziswa ubuchule obufana nokulinganisa, ukuqapha, ukubuza, noma ukuhlaziya, futhi ngokuvamile ngokumelelwa amanani noma izimpawu nazo ngokuqhubekayo ezingahidaniswa. Imininingo yasebaleni iyimininingo eqoqwe esimweni esingalawuleki. Imininingo yomgcanso iyimininingo ephehlwe enkambisweni yomgcanso wenzululwazi olawulwayo. Imininingo ihlaziywa ngokusebenzisa ubuchule obufana noqaqululo, ukuhluza, ukuxoxa, ukwethula, ukukhangelisa (visualization), noma ezinye izinhlobo zangemva kwesihlaziyo. Ngaphambi kwesihlaziyo, imininingo engahluziwe imvama iyahlanzwa:

Imininingo ingabukwa njengezingcezu ezincane zokwaziswa okuyisiminya engasetshenziswa njengesiseko sokuqaqulula, ukuhluza, noma ukuxoxa. Imininingo ingahluka kusuka kumasu ayimikhanyango (abstract ideas)  kuya ezilinganisweni zoqobo, kuhlanganisa nezibalomniningo (statistics). Imininingo exhunywe ngezihloko eyethulwa ngomongo ofanelekayo ingathathwa njengokwaziswa. Izingcezu zokwaziswa ezixhunywe ngokwengwikithi zingachaziswa ngokuthi ubuhlakani bemininingo. Umqongelelo wobuhlakani obuqoqekayo emva kwesikhathi obuphumela ekudidiyelweni kwemininingo kube ukwaziswa, ungachaziswa ngokuthi ulwazi. Imininingo seyichaziswe "njengamafutha amasha umnotho wezezibhangqiwe". Imininingo, njengesicabango esibanzi, ubhekisela esiminyweni sokuthi kukhona ukwaziswa noma ulwazi olumelelwa noma oluhuqukezelwe esimweni esifanele ukusetshenziswa kangcono.

Izintuthukiso kwezobuchwepheshe zokucikza seziholele ekufikeni kwemininingo emikhulu, okuvame ukubhekisela kwimingakonani emikhulu yemininingi, evame ukuba semlinganisweni wepetabyte. Ngokusebenzisa izindlelasu zokuhlaziya ezijwayelekile, kuba nzima ukusebenza ngamaqoqomniningo amakhulu njengalawa. Ekusabeleni kulenkinga, umkhakha osemusha wenzululwazi yesicikizi usebenzisa ukufunda kwenguxa nezinye izindlelasu (zohlakahlisombulu) ezivumela ukusetshenziswa okufanele kwezindlelasu zokuhkaziya imininingo emikhulu.