Umbuso wabantu

Umbuso wabantu noma intando yeningi, igama elisetshenziswa ukuhumusha elesiGriki elithi Democracy (δημοκρατία: umvubo wamabizo amabili, elithi dēmos 'abantu' nelithi kratos 'umbuso') elisho uhlobo lukahulumeni lapho abantu banegunya lokucubungula nokunquma ngokushaywa komthetho ("umbuso wabantu oqondile"), noma lapho bekhetha izikhulu zikahulumeni ezizokwenza lokho ("umbuso wabantu ngababhekeli"). Labo abathathwa ngokuthi "abantu" nokuthi igunya lihlukaniselwana kanjani noma abantu  baliphathiswa ababhekeli kanjani ezinye izinto ezaguquka emva kweminyaka nangamazinga ahlukene emazweni ehlukene, kodwa emva kweminyaka iningi labantu bamazwe ombusowabantu liye labandakanywa nalo ohlelweni. Izinsika zombusowabantu zihlanganisa inkululeko yokubuthana, nokuzihlanganisa nanoma ubani, amalungelo empahla, inkululeko yenkolo nokuba nezwi, ukubandakanywa nokulingana, ubusakhamuzi, ukuvuma kwababuswayo, amalungelo okukhetha, inkululeko ekuphucweni nguhulumeni ngokungemthetho ilungelo lokuphila nenkululeko, kanye namalungelo abayingcosana.

Isicabango sombuso wabantu siye saguquka kakhulu emva kwesikhathi. Uhlobo lwendabuko lombusowabantu kwakungumbuso wabantu oqondile. Uhlobo lombusowabantu oludumile namuhla umbusowabantu ngababhekeli, lapho abantu bekhetha izikhulu zikahulumeni ezizobabusela njengombusowabantu womgwamaqa (parliamentary) noma umbusowabantu kamongameli.

Ukwenziwa kwezinqumo kwansuku zonke okuvamile emibusweni yabantu kusebenzisa intando yeningi, nakuba ezinye izindlela zokuthathwa kwezinqumo ezifana nobuningikazi (supermajority) nokuvumelana nazo zibe ingxenye yemibuso yabantu. Lezi zifeza injongo emqoka ekubandakanyweni nasekubeni ngokomthetho okubanzi ezindabeni ezibucayi—ngokuphambukulingana ubuningi—futhi kanjalo kube isandulela ezingeni lomthethosisekelo. Kumxhantela ovamile wombusowabantu wobukhululeki, amandla weningi asebenza ngaphakathi kohlaka lababhekeli bombusowabantu, kodwa umthethosisekelo ukhawula iningi futhi uvikela ingcosana—imvama ngokuhlanganyela kwabo bonke emalungelweni omuntu ngamunye athile, isb. inkululeko yokuba nezwi noma inkululeko yokuzihlanganisa nanoma ubani.
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