UmFefenyeko wesiCikizi

Umfefenyeko wesicikizi uyinqubo yonongo lomchazazibalo, eyenziwa esicikizini, eklanyelwe ukubikezela ukucondoza, noma imiphumela, yesimiso sangempela noma esenzeka ngokoqobo. Ukwethembeka konongo lomchazazibalo kunganqunywa ngokuqhathanisa imiphumela yalo kanye nemiphumela eyenzeka ngokoqobo elihlose ukuyiqagula. Imifefenyeko yesicikizi seyiphenduke usizo ekunongeni ngokomchazazibalo izimiso zemvelo eziningi kwezomchazandalo (physics) (umchazandalo wokucikiza), umchazazinyezi (astrophysics), umchazazulu (climatology), umchazatho (chemistry), umchazampilo (biology)  nakwezokukhiqiza, kanye nasezimisweni zabantu kwezomnotho, kwezomchazangqondo (psychology), inzululwazi yomphakathi, ezempilo nezobunjiniyela. Umfefenyeko wesimiso umelelwa njengokusebenza konongo lwesimiso. Ungasetshenziswa ukuhlwaya nokuzuza ubuhlakani obusha kwezobuchwepheshe ezintsha, kanye nokuqagela ukugunundwa kwezimiso eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokuxazula ngokuhlaziywa.

Imifefenyeko yesicikizi yenziwa ngokugununda izinhleleliso zesicikizi ezingaba zincane, ezigununda ngokushesha ezilekelelini ezincane, noma izinhleleliso ezinkulukazi ezingasebenza amahora noma izinsuku ezinde ezicikizini ezisekwe oxhoxhweni. Umlinganiso wezehlo ezifefenyekwa ngemifefenyeko yesicikizi sewedlule noma yini ebingenziwa noma ifinyelelwe ngonongo lomchazazibalo wephepha nepeni. Ngowe-1997, Imifefenyeko womhlangabezo wogwadule webutho eligasela elinye wabandakanya ukunongiswa kwezinganono (tanks) eziyizi-66,239, amaloli nezinye izithuthi ezweni elifefenyekiwe lase-Kuwait, ngokusebenzisa izicikizikazi eziningana oHlelweni lokuNamuhlisa isiCikizi eziGununda Kakhulu loMnyango wezokuVikela eMelika. Ezinye izibonelo zihilela unongo lamachwe ayisigidigidi okuwohlozeka kwesithako ; unongo lwamachwe ayizigidi ezi-2.64 esicubu esikhiqiza Isakhamzimba  esiyinkimbinkimbi sazo zonke IziPhili, ikhingana (ribosome), ngowezi2005; umfefenyeko ophelele womjikelezo wokuphila we-Mycoplasma genitalium ngowezi-2012.

Ngenxa yezindleko zomcikizo womfefenyeko, imigcanso yesicikizi isetshenziswa ukwenza isisuso esifana nokuqagela ukungakanisa.