IMininingo (isayensi yesicikizi)

Emkhakheni wenzululwazi yesiCikizi, imininingo iyinoma iluphi uchunge lwezimpawu olulodwa noma eziningi; umniningo unguphawu olulodwa lwemininingo. Imininingo idinga isikhumusho ukuze ibe ukwaziswa. Imininingo yezezibhangqiwe (digital data) iyimininingo emelelwa ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lwamanani amabhangqa ('1' and '0'), esikhundleni sokumelelwa amaNani ayiNzuko (analog). Ezinhlelweni zesiCikizi zanamuhla (emva kowe-1960), yonke imininingo ingeyezezibhangqiwe.

Imininingo itholakala ngezimo ezintathu: Imininingo egculile, imininingo emdiki, imininingo eqebethayo. Imininingo ephakathi kwesiCikizi, imvama, ihamba njengemininingo elungene. Imininingo ephumayo noma engenayo esiCikizini, imvama, ihamba njengemininingo eluhidi. Imininingo ethathwe kusiLekelelei senzuko, esifana nesihlonga senhlolamshiso, ingaguqulelwa kwezezibhangqiwe ngokusebenzisa isibhensi (modem). Imininingo emelela amanani, izigqabo noma izimpawu ukuze isiCikizi siqhogoye imigidingo, iyaqoqongwa futhi iqoshwa kwinsizakuxhumana yokuqopha yewonga, yokukhanya, yamazuba noma eyinguxa, futhi izofufukiswa ngesimo seziyabizo zezezibhangqiwe zamazuba noma iziyabizo zeBonanyo. Imininingo ingena futhi iphume phakathi kwesiCikizi ngeziLekeleli ezixhunywayo.

Izici zenkumbulo yesiCikizi zoqobo zibandakanya ikheli nencu (byte) yengcinamininingo. Imininingo yezezibhangqiwe imvama igcinwa kwizizindamininingo ezihlobene, futhi ingamelelwa njengamabhangqa ayisicabango. Imininingo ingahlelwa ngezinhlobo ezihlukene zezinhlaka zemininingo , ezihlanganisa uyaca, izithombe, nezinto. Izinhlaka zemininingo zingagcina imininingo yezinhlobo ezihlukene, ezihlanganisa amanani, imicu, kanye nezinye izinhlaka zemininingo .

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