Isimongotho

Isimongotho siyisenzakalo esibonwayo. Leli gama lisho isehlo esibonwa ngokuqondile ngamehlo, umbukwane omangazayo. Ngokuvamile lisho isehlakalo esingenakuchazwa kalula. Kunzululwazi, isimongotho simelela noma isiphi isehlo esingasihlonga noma sisiqophe. Kunzululwazi, igama elithi 'qapha' ("observe") lisho okungaphezu kokubonakala emehlweni enyama. Lisho 'ukuzweka', ukuthinteka, ukunukeka, ukubonwa, ukuzwiwa. Imizwa (senses) yethu iyajijeka lapho sisebenzisa izinsiza ezihlukile eziqopha lokho esingakuboni, zikwenze kubonakale kithi.
Ngakho, nakuba ezinye izenzakalo kulula ukuziqapha, ezinye zidinga ezobuchwepheshe ukuze ziqapheleke.

 KuNjulalwazi 
Kunjulalwazi yanamuhla, ibizo elithi isimongotho lisho izinto njengoba zingcwetizwa ngemizwa futhi zicubungulwa umqondo njengezihlukile kwezinye izinto ngokwazo. Kumqangqo wakhe wokuqala (inaugural dissertation), onesihloko esithi titled "Form and Principles of the Sensible and Intelligible World", u-Immanuel Kant (1770) wabeka umbono wokuthi umqondo womuntu unezivimbelo zomhlaba womhluzamqondo futhi kanjalo ukhumusha futhi uqonde izehlo ngokuhambisana nommomo wazo. Wabhala ukuthi abantu bangabhekisela esehlweni kuphela ngokuvumelwa imizwa yabo, kodwa bangayingcweti leyonto ngokwayo. Lokhu kwenza umqondo ngokuqondene nomgqangu wokuxhumana (communications-channel (epistemology) ozifunza ngesibhidli sezifako (ontology) kodwa hhayi ngomuzwa wokusebenzisa ukucabanga okuhlakaniphile. Kanjalo, ibizo elithi isimongotho libhekisela kunoma isiphi isehlakalo esifanelwe ukuphenywa nokudingidwa, ikakhulukazi izinqubo nezehlo ezingavamile noma ezibaluleke ngokuhlukile.

KuNzululwazi
isimongotho sokusha esifanayo siyqashelwa, kodwa kuqashelwa nesimongotho  somumo welangabi ohlukile kanye nombala ohlukile.

Ekusetshenzisweni kwalo kwinzululwazi, elithi Isimongotho lisho noma yisiphi isehlakalo esibonwayo, kuhlanganisa nokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza zokusiqapha, ukusiqopha, nokuqoqa imininingo. Ngokukhethekile kumchazandalo, ukufundwa kwesimongotho kungachaziswa njengezilinganiso ezihlobene noTho, isidlakathi, noma isikhathi, njengeziqapho zika-Isaac Newton zokuzungeza kwenyanga kanye nezomnyondo; noma iziqapho zika-Galileo Galilei zomdiki womlence.

Kwinzululwazi yemvelo, isimongotho isehlo esiqaphelekayo noma isenzakalo. Ngokuvamile, leli gama lisetshenziswa ngaphandle kokucutshungulwa kwezimbangela zaleso senzakalo. Isibonelo sesimingotho soqobo yisimongotho esibonwayo sokuzungeza kwenyanga noma isimongotho sokucikaza komlnence.

Amaphatho