Iqembu lezombusazwe

A guide to South African political parties (brandsouthafrica.com) 
Iqembu lezombusazwe yinhlangano eqondisa amakhansela ukuba ancintisane okhethweni lwezwe elithile. Kuyinto evamile ukuthi amalungu eqembu abe imibono efanayo mayelana nezombusazwe, futhi amaqembu angakhuthaza imigomo ethile yemibono noma inqubomgomo.
Iqembu eliningi uhlobo lweqembu lezombusazwe elithuthukiswa ngokuhlukana emphakathini futhi liqoqa izakhamuzi ezivamile noma 'izixuku' enqubweni yezombusazwe. EYurophu, ukungeniswa kwe-universal suffrage kwaholela ekwakhiweni kwamaqembu ezisebenzi kamuva aphenduka amaqembu amakhulu; isibonelo yi-German Social Democratic Party.Le qembu limele amaqembu amakhulu ezakhamuzi ezazingakaze zimelelwe ngaphambili ezinqubweni zezombusazwe, eziveza izithakazelo zamaqembu ahlukahlukene emphakathini. Okungafani namaqembu aphambili, amaqembu amakhulu axhaswa ngamalunga awo, ancike futhi agcine isisekelo esikhulu samalunga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaqembu amakhulu abeka phambili ukuqoqwa kwabavoti futhi ahlanganiswe kakhulu kunamaqembu amahle.

 Amaqembu amakhulu 
Igama elithi "iqembu elibanjwe yiwo wonke" lasungulwa usosayensi wezombusazwe waseJalimane waseMelika U-Otto Kirchheimer ukuchaza amaqembu asungulwa ngo-1950 nango-1960 ngenxa yezinguquko ngaphakathi kwamaqembu amaningi.Igama elithi "iqembu letende elikhulu" lingasetshenziswa ngokushintshana. UKirchheimer wachaza ukushintsha kusuka emaqenjini amakhulu angokwesiko kuya kumaqembu abamba wonke njenge nhlanganisela yentuthuko efaka phakathi "ukuncishiswa okukhulu kwemithwalo yemibono yeqembu" kanye "nokwehliswa kwendima yelungu leqembu ngalinye". Ngokwandisa imibono yabo eyinhloko ibe yiyo evulekile, wonke amaqembu afuna ukuthola ukusekelwa kwengxenye enkulu yabantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indima yamalungu iyancipha njengoba wonke amaqembu abamba imali exhaswa ngokwengxenye nguhulumeni noma ngeminikelo.: 163-178.EYurophu ukushintsha kwamaqembu e-Christian Democratic ayehlelwe ngenkolo ngamaqembu amakhulu maphakathi kwesokudla kufakazela lolu hlobo.

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