Umchachiso wokwaziswa

Umchachiso wokwaziswa uwucwaningo lomchazazibalo lokungakanisa, ukuqoqonga, nokuxhumana kokwaziswa . Lo mkhakha wasungulwa futhi wagxiliswa  nguClaude Shannon ngeminyaka yowe-1940,  nakuba iminikelo yokuqala yenziwa ngeminyaka yowe-1920 ngemisebenzi kaHarry Nyquist noRalph Hartley . Usempambanweni yomngcikisho wengabazuba, umchazazibalo, izibalomininingo, inzululwazi yesicikizi, umchazazinzwa, umchazandalo, nomngcikisho wamazuba .  

Isilinganiso esiyinhloko kumchachiso wokwaziswa isigubukani . Isigubukani singakanisa inani lobuqhashiya elihilelekile enanini lesihwexu esithukelayo noma umphumela womdludlungu othukelayo. . Isibonelo, ukuhlonza umphumela okugobqoloza kohleza (okunemiphumela emibili elinganayo) kuhlinzeka ngokwaziswa okuncane (isigubukani esiphansi, ubuqhashiya obuncane) kunokuhlonza umphumela ovela ohlwini lwenkatho (enemiphumela eyisithupha elinganayo). Ezinye izilinganiso ezibalulekile kumchachiso yokwaziswa, ziwukwaziswa okufanayo, umthamo womgudu, ama-exponents amaphutha, kanye nesigubukani esicakathene . Imikhakha engaphansi ebalulekile yomchachiso wokwaziswa ihlanganisa  umkitizo, umchachiso wenkiya yomkholezima, umchachiso wokwaziswa womkholezima kanye nelondo kokwaziswa komchachiso .

Ukusetshenziswa kwezihloko eziyisisekelo zonchachisi wokwaziswa zihlanganisa ukukitiza/ukubhuthaza imininingo (isb. kumahele e-ZIP ), nenguqukezelo yomgudu/ ukuhlongwa kwamaphutha nokuwalungisa (isb ku- DSL ). Umthelela wawo ube obalulekile empumelelweni yokuthunywa kwe -Voyager emajukujukwini omkhathi, ukuqanjwa kwendingilizi ewucwecwe, impumelelo kamakhalekhukhwini kanye nokuthuthukiswa koxhakaxholo.  Umchachiso wathola ukusetshenziswa kwezinye izindima, okuhlanganisa ukuchazwa kwezibalomininingo, Burnham, K. P. and Anderson D. R. (2002) Model Selection and Multimodel Inference: A Practical Information-Theoretic Approach, Second Edition (Springer Science, New York) . umchazanyandla, umchazazinzwa,  intshwayo,  ukudludlungwa kwesiyabizo,  izilimi, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo  kanye nomsebenzi  wamakhodi wamangqamuzana ( i-bioinformatics ),  umchazandalo womchadamezo,  isidlakalsi semizwayi,  iziGwinqa, ukucikiza ngohoyana, ukulanda ukwaziswa, ukuqoqwa kobuhlakani, ukutholwa kokukopela,  ukuqashelwa kwephethini, ukutholwa okungaqondakali,  ukuhlaziywa komculo,   ukudala ubuciko,  ukuklama uhlelo lokucabanga, ngisho ne  nomchazalwazi .