Ubuciko Bomlomo

Yini Ubuciko Bomlomo? 
Ubuciko bomlomo yindlela yokukhuluma enobugagu. Kusetshenziswa izithombe magama, ichukuluza imizwa, ixukuze ingqondo.  Ubumnandi nokunotha kolimi kulele enkulumeni ewubuciko bomlomo. Kunezinhlobo ezehlukene zobuciko bomlomo okubalwa kuzo imikhutshana yosiko, zithakazelo, izinganekwane, iziphicaphicwane, imithi nobuciko kanye nezaga nezisho. Mbathu, O. N. (2019). Izaga nezisho emibhalweni yababhali ababili besiZulu. University of Johannesburg (South Africa). 

Kepha kulomsebenzi sigxila kakhulu kwizaga nezisho, sigxila kakhulu kwizaga nezisho ngoba zivamisile ukuvela enkulumeni yansuku zonke, lapho kukhulunywa. Nakuba zivamile ukuvela, zigqama kakhulu engxoxweni yabantu abakhuluma isiZulu esiphusile. UMagwaza (2004) ubeka uthi ngokwejwayelekile abantu bakwaZulu bazithatha njengesikhali sokugcina okuyimvelaphi yabo nokungamagugu namasiko, kubuye kube yindlela yokuthuthukisa ulimi.Mazibuko, G.T., 2016. Ucwaningo lokuhlola okuzuzwa abafundi uma befundiswa izimo zokukhuluma (izaga, izisho nezifengqo) ngesiZulu ulimi lwasekhaya esikoleni esiseNtuzuma (Doctoral dissertation).   

 Yini Izaga? 
Ziyizifenqo ezinobunkondlo bokunothisa zinandise ulimi ngenkulumo enobugagu. Zisitshela ngosikompilo. Ziyafundisa, zixwayise, zeluleke. Azishintshi ngokwenkathi futhi ziwumusho ophelele.  

Igama elithi isaga lisho into enemiqondo noma izincazelo eziningi. Izaga zichaza into engajwayelekile ngesikhathi esithile. UThwala noMaphumulo (1991:12) bathi: “Izaga zingamazwi ahlakaniphileyo okubeka inkulumo icace futhi ihehe. Ziwubuchule besizwe obuyolileyo. Izaga ziyindlela eqoqekile yokwethula iqiniso elamukelekile noma ziyinkulumo efinqiwe kodwa ethula amaqiniso angephikiwe. Ziyinkulumo enobuhlakani edle ngobugagu kanye nokucikoza kolimi. Mthembu, S. (2020, September 7). IsiZulu Ulimi Lwasekhaya_PRO 453 Isethulo Sesifundo Izaga neZisho. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hg_QGnMcdO8   

Izibonelo zezaga 

Isaga esithi “impi isesendeni “ singasetshenziswa uma kuxabana izingane zendoda eyodwa. Esinye isibonelo sesaga esithi “ akukho Ndlovu eyasindwa umboko wayo”, lesisaga sichaza ukuthi akekho umuntu ohlulwa umthwalo wakhe. Esinye isibonelo sesaga yilesi esithi “ayikho inkomo yobuthongo”, lesi saga sichaza ukuthi impumelelo iyasetshenzelwa. Lesi saga singasetshenziswa uma efuna izinto zize kuye kalula bese uyatshelwa ukuthi yonkinto iyasetshenzelwa. Isaga esithi “ akukho thusi lathetha lilodwa” sichaza ukuthi akekho umuntu onganengwa engaqalwang. 

 Yini Izisho? 
Ziyizifenqo ezinobunkondlo bokunothisa zinandise ulimi ngenkulumo enobugagu. Zihluka ngezigodi. Zisitshela ngomlando. Ziyashintshi ngokwenkathi futhi aziwona umusho ophelele. Zondi, P.E. (2013). Siphuza Emthonjeni yokhokho. Pietermaritzburg: PEZ Publishers. 

Izisho amagama noma imishwana engeniswa lapho kukhulunywa khona noma lapho kundluliswa khona umyalezo othile. Injongo yazo izisho ukunandisa nokunonga nokunothisa ulwimi lwesiZulu, ngesinye isikhathi zisetshenziswa abantu abazama 

ukundlulisa umqondo wokuthi banalo kangakanani ulwazi ngolimi lwesiZulu. Isisho asinikezi umqondo ophelele ingakho abaye abantu baye bathi isisho sijulile futhi sidinga ukuhlaziywa ngokuphelele uma zishiwo abantu ngenxa yokuthi ziyindida futhi zinomqondo ojulile kakhulu.  

Izibonelo zezisho 

Isisho esithi, “amanzi amponjwana” singasetshenziswa uma kukhuluma ngotshwala ikakhulukazi obesintu, uma kusetshenziswa lesi sisho umuntu uzama ukwenza igama elithi utshwala lingahlabi lo osuke enza leso senzo ngamanye amagama kuhloniphiswa inkulumo enaleli gama elithi utshwala ngesisho esithi amanzi amponjwana. Esinye isibonelo sesisho yilesi esithi, “ukubamba indlela”. Lesi sisho sichaza ukuqala uhambo noma ukuhamba, sisetshenziswa ikakhulukazi uma umuntu ethatha uhambo olude eya kwenye indawo. Lesi sisho sisetshenziswa uma umuntu ezama ukunonga ehlobise inkulumo yakhe. Khumalo, B. (2019, October 1). Izisho nezincazelo. Indabuko Yakho. https://indabukoyakho.com/2019/10/01/izisho-nezincazelo-2/  

 Umehluko Phakathi Kwezaga Nezisho 
-Izaga 

Isaga sifushane, saziwa ngokujwayelekile njengomusho oqukethe ukuhlakanipha, iqiniso, ubuqotho nemibono yomdabu esesimeni sokungathekisa, futhi esidluliselwa esizukulwaneni kuya kwesinye isizukulwane. Ukubhalwa kwazo kuqoqekile. Ziyangathekisa. Zinokwamukeleka emphakathini othize.  

Izaga zisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuphawula ezimeni zenhlalo. Izaga zingaphinde futhi zenze umsebenzi onokufundisa kanjalo nokubhebhezela indlela yokuphila. Isaga siyavuma ukuguquka sishintshashintshe silandele inkathi yamanje noma inkathi ezayo noma inkathi esidlulile.  

-Izisho 

Izisho ziyindlela yokukhuluma ngokwendabuko, okuthi incazelo yazo ingeqondeke ngokujwayelekile. Zingezokudabuka olimini, futhi zinamandla anesitayela okuzinikeza ubumdabu boqobo. Isisho siyisakhiwo esingaguquki isibonelo ngesisho esithi “Indlu yegagu iyanetha”. Angeke uthi Indlu yegagu iyonetha/yayinetha, kepha isisho siyiqenjana lephethini lamagama ahambisanayo, akhethekile ebuhlakanini bolimi uma kuthintwa isakhiwo segrama.Matsomane, C. (2020,October 14). Ukusetshenziswa ko lwimi:izaga nezisho. YouTube. https://youtu.be/fZDX82pAjzQ?feature=shared  

Izisho ziyinkulumo enobugagu esetshenziselwa ukugcizelela into ethile, zexwayise, zikhuze futhi zifundise abantu ulimi lwesiZulu olunobuciko nangokuziphatha. Isisho sithatha inkulumo enokudelela noma encolile ziyenze ihlonipheke ziphinde zinqande indelelo olimini nasenkulumeni. Isisho siyibinzana nje lamagama angaqedi futhi anganikezi umqondo ogcwele, akusiwo umusho ophelele ongazimela wodwa. Nyembezi, C. L. S., Nxumalo, O. E. H. M. (1996). Inqolobane yesizwe. Shuter and Shooter Publisher (Pty) Ltd. 

 Ukusetshenziswa nomsebenzi wezaga 
Izaga zisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuphawula ezimeni zenhlalo. Isimo senhlalo ileso simo okuthi abantu bexhumana nabanye abantu. Lokhu kuxhumana kungenzeka ekhaya,endaweni yokusebenza, enkantolo noma yikuphi nje. Isikhulumi singakhuluma kahle noma kabi ngesimo, kuye ngokulinganisa noma ukunquma okuphathelene namaqiniso wonke afanelekile aphathelene nawo.Gule, Z.W., Maphumulo, A.M., noThwala, J.J. 1993. Ubhedu. Johannesburg:Lexicon Publishers Limited. Ukuphawula okunjalo kungasebenza njenokuqwashisa, ukukhuthaza, ukungakhuthazi, ekunikezeni ulwazi lokuqaliswa, ukuphakamisa okumele kwenziwe, noma ukunika iseluleko komunye umuntu. Izaga zingaphinde futhi zenze umsebenzi onokufundisa kanjalo nokubhebhezela indlela yokuphila.  

Ukusetshenziswa nomsebenzi wesisho 

Isisho siyisakhiwo esisetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa inkulumo. Ngokwenza kanjalo, siguqula inkulumo yolimu ukuze ibe namandi. Nezisho zivela emva kokuthi abantu babukisisa ukwenza kwabantu noma kwezilwane, zenza okuthile ziphindelela kuze kuqapheleke emphakathini. 

Isibonelo njengalesi sisho nje esithi: “Ukubamba ngesandla semfene” okuchaza isandla sobunxele. Imvelaphi yaso ivela lapho abantu babukisisa ukwenza kwesilwane esihlala ehlathini imfene, ukuthi lapho isebenzisa izandla zayo yona isebenzisa isinxele. Kwabe sekuqanjwa lesi sisho.  

Esinye isisho esithi: “Ukwaliwa ngumendo” esichaza ukuthi isimo sokungabukeki kahle emva kokugana noma ukungahlali kahle emendweni. Imvelaphi yaso ukuthi abantu babukisisa ukwenza kwentombazane lapho isiyendile ifike emendweni kungabi bikho ukuhlala kahle kwesinye isikhathi noma nje ingakejwayeli emendweni. Ibonakala ngokuthi inciphe emzimbeni, phela ukwenzeka kwezinto emzini angeke kufane nasekhaya layo yingakho umzimba nawo uzothuka wehle. Imvelaphi yaso uZulu wakubukisisa lokhu wabe usuqamba isisho.    

Zisuselwaphi izisho nezaga 

Izaga nezisho zisuselwa ezintweni nasezindaweni ezininngi. Okwamanje sizgxila kulezi ezilandelayo.  

Izisho - Ezisuselwa ezenzweni zabantu  

Lezi izisho eziqanjwa emuva kokubona indlela abantu benza ngayo noma isimo abantu baphila ngaphansi kwaso. Izisho ezisuselwe ezenzweni zabantu ilezi ezithi, ukuhlala kwegeja kushisa nesithi ukufela ngaphakathi. Ukuhlala kwegeja kushisa kuchaza ukuba senhluphekweni. Sichaza isimo umuntu noma abantu abaphila ngaphansi kwaso. Esithi ukufela ngaphakathi sichaza ukuthula nolwazi. Lokhu kwenzeka njalo uma umuntu ekhathazekile noma khona okumdlayo bese eyathula engasho lutho. Akusilezi kuphela izisho ezisuselwa ezenzweni zabantu.  

Ezisuselwa ezilwaneni 

Lezi izisho eziqanjwa ngokubuka izinzo nobunjalo besilwane bese sifaniswe nezenzo zomuntu. Isisho esivamise ukusetshenziswa esisuselwa ezilwaneni ilesi esithi, Ukuba wunwabu. Lesi sichaza umuntu onesimo esihlala siphenduka. Siphinde sichaze umuntu ohamba kancane. Sonke siyazi ukuthi unwabu luhamba kancane futhi lushitsha amabala ngaso sonke iskhathi. Ziningi izisho ezikhona ezisuselwa ezilwaneni.  

Izaga - Esisuselwa ezinganekwaneni  

Lana kukhulunywa ngezaga ezikhona ezinganekwaneni. Lezi zaga zinomthelela wokuthuthukisa ulimi ukuze luqongakale ngendlela efanele futhi lenza indaba ibe mnandi. Isaga ezivamise ukutholakala enganekwaneni ilesi esithi, insimba yesulela ngegqumusha. Lesi saga sishiwo lapho umuntu ethatha icala lakhe alibheceke komunye umuntu ngoba ofuna ukuzivikela.  

Ezisuselwa emasikweni 

Izaga ezisuselwa emasikweni ilezi ezithi, Umendo kawuthunyelwa gundane nesithi injobo enhle ithungelwa ebandla. Isaga esithi umendo kawuthunyelwa gundane sichaza ukuthi intombazane kayize ingaqonda ukuthi iyophatheka kanjani emendweni. Ize ibone isingena. Kusho uukuthi intombazane ngeke yazi ukuthi iyophathwa kanjani emendweni ingakangeni. Lesi esithi injobo enhle ithungelwa ebandla sisho ukuthi kuhle ukubonisana nabanye ukuze izinto zakho zihambe kahle. Yizo lezi zaga ezisuselwa emasikweni, kushiwo futhi ukuthi uma umuntu izithola engalandeli amasiko ngendlela thizeni engazithola esenashwa suthi izinto zakhe ziyigcina zingahambi kahle.