Belgium

IBelgium, Ibizwa ngokomthetho uMbuso waseBelgium (ngesiNgisi: Kingdom of Belgium), ilizwe elizimele eNyakatho Yurophu. Itholakala endaweni ephansi elingasegwini lolwandle elibizwa uMhlaba oPhansi. Inomakhelwane abane: iNetherlands ngasenyakatho, iJalimani ngasempumalanga, iLuxembourg ngasenzansi-mpumalanga, ne Fulansi ngasenzansi. Futhi, inogu elwandleni laseNyakatho ngasentshonalanga. IBelgium inobungakho bendawo elingamakhilomitha-skwele ayi-30,689 kanye nenani labantu abayizigidi eziyi-11.8 - lokho kusho ukuthi inobuminyana kwabantu abayi-383 ngesikhilomitha-skwele esisodwa. Lokho kuyinikeza ukuminywama kwabantu okusemashumini amabili nambili ohlwini lamazwe emhlabeni wonke ngokuminyana futhi ekusithupeni eYurophu yonke. Isiqongo nedolobha elikhulu nazonke kulelizwe iBrussels. Amanye amadolobha amakhulu i-Antwerp, iGhent, iCharleroi, iLiege, iBruges neLeuven.

IBelgium ibuswa ngohlelo lwezepolitiki oluhlanganisa ukubuswa kwobukhosi okungaphansi komthethosisekelo nesishayamthetho esikhethwe ngentandoyeningi, nokunikela amandla okuphatha nokubusa ezifundazweni nemiphakathi okwelimi.  iLizwe lihlanganisa izifundazwe ezintathu ezivamile ukuzithathela izinqumo mayelana izindaba zazo: isiFundazwe saseFlanders, isiFundazwe saseWallonia, nesifundazwe sesiQongo saseBrussels. eBelgium kuphila imiphakathi enkulu ekhuluma imilimi embili: isiHolandi saseFlanders (ngelimi leso: Vlaams) esikhulunywa ngenani labantu abangamaphesenti athekubasa kwa-60, nesiFulansi esikhulunywa ngenani labantu abangamaphesenti athekubasa kwa-40. Futhi, kukhona umphakathi oncane okhuluma isiJalimani. Ikhulu lenani labantu abakhuluma isiHolandi saseFlanders liqhamuka eFlanders, bese ikhulu lenani labantu abakhuluma isiFulansi liqhamuka eWallonia. Abakhuluma isiJalimani bahlala kumaCantons aseMpumalanga aseWalonia (igama elithi "Canton" lichaza umasipala). Ukuhlukahluka kwezilimi zaseBelgium kanye nezingxabano zezombangazwe ezihlobene nakho kubonakala ohlelweni lwayo oluyinkimbinkimbi lokubusa, olwakhiwe ohulumeni abahlukene abayisithupha . IBelgium iyizwe elithuthukile elinomnotho othuthukile ongenisa imali ephezulu . Ingelinye lamalungu ayisithupha asungula i-European Union (iNhlangano yaseYurophu). Isiqongo seNhlangane yaseYurophu iBrussels. Lelidolobha liphethe izihlalo ezisemthethweni zeKhomishini YaseYurophu, uMkhandlu we-European Union, uMkhandlu waseYurophu, kanye nesinye sezihlalo ezimbili zePhalamende laseYurophu (esinye siseStrasbourg eFulansi). IBrussels iphinde iphathe izihlalo namahhovisi wezinhlangano eziningi ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe, njenge -NATO .

Kusukela sukela, iBelgium ekhona namuhla yayibuswa ngesizwe samaBelgae (ngesiZulu: amaBeliji) ngaphambi kokuthi ithathwe eMbusweni WaseRoma ngaphambi kwekhulu loqala lesikhathi ngaphambi kokuzala kukaJesu Khrestu (ngobufushane: BC). Phakathi neNkathi Ephakathi (kusekela iminyaka eyi-500 ngasemuva kokuzala kukaJesu Khrestu, AD, yufika ku-1500 AD), indawo esiyazi ngesimanje njengeBelgium yayigcina ichumile futhi ixhumene kokubili kwezohwebo nezombusazwe komakhelwane bayo abakhulu; yayiyingxenye yoMbuso wamaCarolingian (ngesiZulu: amaKharolingi, okhokho bamaFulansi), uMbuso Ongcwele WamaRoma owalandela (umbuso wezizwe zamaJalimani), futhi kamuva kwaba iNetherlands yamaBurgundian (ngesiZulu: amaBhegandi - babeqhamuka eSpaniya). Kulandela ukubusa kwamaHabsburg waseSpaniya (1556-1714), amaHabsburg wase-Ostriya (1714-1794), kanye yanye neFulansi eseMzabalazweni (1794-1815), iningi leBelgium yanamuhla lafakwa eMbusweni oHlangeneyo waseNetherlands ngemuva kweGunga laseVienna ngo-1815. 

IBelgium eyizimele ekuyiyona namhlanje, isungulwe nganxa nangaphambi kwomZabalazo oMkhulu. Kusukela u-1800, iBelgium yalizwe lokuqala eYurophu ngaphandle kwoMbudo oHlangeneyo ukuguquka izimboni ngenxa yobuchwephesha obusha kulesosikhathi. Ezi-1900, iNkosi yaseBelgium, uLeopold wokuQala, unqobe abantu baseKhongo, ePhakathi Afrika, wabahlukumenza ngendlela ebuhlungu ethuke utho lobuntu ukuze ezizulele intelo yakhe ukwakha izakhiwo eBelgium. Ububibencidezelo nobukhohlakala benkosi yabo, uphoqe uhulumenin waseBelgium ukuthi iphuce iNkosi izibopha zamandla eKhongi kodwa lokho akwenzanga umehluko omkhulum Kungakho uPatrice Lumumba nabanye bamenula amaBelgium babaxosha ezweni labo.