Ukusangana

Ukusangana, ukuhlanya, ukuhlanya, nokuhlanya ukuziphatha okubangelwa amaphethini athile engqondo noma okuziphatha okungajwayelekile . Ukuhlanya kungabonakala njengokwephulwa kwemikhuba yomphakathi, kubandakanya umuntu noma abantu ukuba yingozi kubo noma kwabanye abantu. Ngokomqondo, ukusangana kwengqondo nakho kuhlotshaniswa nesenzakalo sebhayoloji ye Ngokomqondo, ukusangana kwengqondo kuhlotshaniswa nesenzakalo sebhayoloji yokutheleleka (ukuthi ukugula ngengqondo kuyathathelana) njengasendabeni yokuzibulala kwamakhophi . Ekusetshenzisweni kwamanje, igama elithi ukusangana igama elingakahleleki, elingelona elesayensi elisho "ukungazinzi kwengqondo"; ngakho-ke, igama elithi ukuzivikela kokusangana liyincazelo engokomthetho yokungaqini kahle kwengqondo. Kwezokwelapha, igama elivamile elithi psychosis lisetshenziselwa ukufaka ubukhona bokukhohlisa kanye/noma ukubona izinto ezingekho esigulini; L M Tierney, S J McPhee, M A Papadakis (2002). Current medical Diagnosis & Treatment. International edition. New York: Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill. pp. 1078–1086. ISBN 0-07-137688-7. kanye nokugula kwengqondo " i-psychopathology ", hhayi ukusangana kwengqondo . 

NgesiNgisi, igama elithi "sane" lisuselwa egameni lesiLatini elithi sanus, elisho "impilo". Inkulumo kaJuvenal ethi mens sana in corpore sano ivame ukuhunyushwa ngokuthi "umqondo onempilo emzimbeni onempilo". Ngokwalokhu kubuka, ukusangana kungabhekwa njengokugula kwengqondo, hhayi ubuchopho njengesitho (nakuba lokho kungase kuthinte impilo yengqondo), kodwa kunalokho kubhekisela ekusebenzeni okunephutha kwezinqubo zengqondo njengokucabanga. Omunye umusho wesiLatini ohlobene nomqondo wethu wamanje wokuhlanzeka kwengqondo uthi compos mentis ("umqondo ohluzekile"), futhi igama eligqamile lokuhlanya lithi non compos mentis . Ngokomthetho, mens rea isho ukuba nenhloso yobugebengu, noma ingqondo enecala, ngesikhathi isenzo ( actus reus ) senziwa.

Ukusetshenziswa okungakahleleki kwegama elithi ukusangana ukusho okuthile noma othile obhekwa njengengqayizivele kakhulu, onothando noma oweqisayo, okuhlanganisa nomqondo omuhle. Leli gama lingase lisetshenziswe njengomzamo wokudicilela phansi noma ukugxeka imibono ethile, izinkolelo, izimiso, izifiso, imizwa yomuntu siqu, izimo zengqondo, noma abasekeli bazo, njengakwezombangazwe nenkolo.