Izingudla

Kwezomnotho, izingudla ziyimpahla eyanelisa izimfuno zabantu futhi zibahlinzeka ngosizo, ngokwesibonelo, njengomkhozi noma ikhasimende elithenga umkhiqizo ozomanelisa. Kunomehluko ovamile phakathi kwezingudla ezidlulisekayo, kanye nezinkonzo, ezingadluliseki nakancane.

Ingudla eqinisweni "iyingudla yezomnotho" uma inosizo kubantu kodwa iyivelakancane ngokuqondene nengqekelelo yayo okwenza kudingeke umzamo womuntu ukuze ayithole. Ngokuphambene, izingudla zamahhala (free goods), ezifana nomoya, zihlinzekwe zaba yinala ngokwemvelo futhi aziwudingi umzamo otheni wokuzithola. Izingudla ezisisulu (Private goods), ziyizinto zabantu, ezifana nempahla yasendlini, omabonakude, imixhaka, omakhalekhukhwini, cishe noma yini okungeyabantu noma esetshenziswa nsukuzonke engekhona ukudla.

Ingudla yomshwabadeli (consumer good) noma "ingudla ephelele" iyinoma yini ezoshwabadelwa ekugcineni, kunokuba isetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni enye ingudla. Ngokwesibonelo, iziko lechadaza (microwave oven) noma usondombili (bicycle) okuthengiselwa umshwabadeli njengengudla ephelele noma ingudla yomshwabadeli, kodwa izigcoyi ezidayiselwa ukusetshenziswa kulezo zingudla zibizwa izingudla eziphakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, iziphicwa (textiles) zingasetshenziswa ekukhandeni ngokuqhubekayo ezinye izingudla.

Izingudla ezithengiswayo (Commercial goods) zithathwa njengemikhiqizo ephathekayo ekhandwayo futhi khona eyenziwa ukuba itholakale ukuze isatshalaliselwe ukusetshenziswa embonini yezentengiselano. Izingudla zentengiselano kungaba ogandaganda, izithuthi zentengiselano, izinhlaka eziluntinti, amabhanoyi, ngisho nezithako zokufulela uphahla. Izingudla zentengiselano nezomuntu siqu ziyiminxa ebanzi kakhulu ehlanganisa konke umuntu akubonayo kusuka ekuvukeni kwakhe endlini yakhe, endleleni yakhe ebheke emsebenzini nakubona nasekufikeni kwakhe emsebenzini.

Igama elithi Izithengiswa (Commodities) lingasetshenziswa njengomqondofana nelithi izingudla zomnotho, kodwa livame ukubhekisela ezithakweni zemvelo ezidayisekayo (marketable) nasemikhiqizweni eyinhloko.

Nakuba izingudla ezivamile ziphatheka, ezinye izigaba zezingudla, ezifana nokwaziswa, zisesimweni esingaphatheki. Ngokwesibonelo, phakathi kwezinye izingudla iphumezi liyinto ephathekayo, kuyilapho izindaba zisesigabeni sezingudla ezingaphatheki futhi esibonwa njengensiza efana nesishicilelwa noma umabonakude.