IMfezokade

IMfezokade, ingumbono wobuKristu womchazasiphelo, ohlakahla ezinye  noma zonke iziprofetho zebhayibheli njengezehlakalo ezifezeke kade. Lombono uhlakahla incwadi kaDaniyeli njengebhekisela ezehlakalweni ezafezeka kusuka ngekhulu lesikhombisa BC kuya ekhulwini lokuqala, kuyilapho ubona imiqayizelo yencwadi yesAmbulo njengezehlakalo ezenzeke ekhulwini lokuqala AD. Imfezokade ifundisa ukuthi uIsrayeli wasendulo uyaqhubekiswa futhi agcwaliseke ebandleni lobukristu lapho kubhujiswa iJerusalema ngonyaka wama-7OAD.

Igama lesizulu elithi "iMfezokade" lihumusha elesingisi elithi preterism elivela kwelesilathini praeter, elisho okwasendulo. Ngesizulu lisho 'okufezeke kade, kudala, endulo.' Abalandeli balemfundiso babizwa ngokuthi "onomfezokade." Imfezokade ifundisa ukuthi yonke imiqayizelo yenkulumoo yaseNtabeni yemiNqumo yafezeka ngonyaka-AD 70.

Ngokomlando, abantu abalandela imfezokade nabangayiseki babevumelana jikelele ukuthi umJesuthi uLuis de Alcasar (1554–1613) nguyena owabhala umqangqo (exposition) wokuqala ohlelekile wemfezokade owaziwa ngelithi Vestigatio arcani sensus in Apocalypsi, owashicilelwa ngesikhathi semPambaziNguquko (Counter-Reformation).

 Umlando 
Ngesikhathi semvuselelo yobukhatholika, umJesuthi obizwa Luis de Alcasar wabhala umqangqo wemfezokade womqaziyelo owadlubhedu. UMoses Stuart ngonyaka we-1845 waqaphela ukuthi inhlakahlo yemfezokade ka-Alcasar yayinokwenzelela ibandla lamaKhatholika lapho liphikisana nabaNqathuzi (Protestants), futhi uKenneth Newport esithasisweni (commentary) sakhe somchazasiphelo ngowezi-2000 wachazisa imfezokade njengesivikelo samakhatholika ngokumelene nombono wabaNqathuzi ongokomlando owawuhlonza ibandla lamakhatholika njengokuhlubuka okwakushushisa amakholwa.

Ngenxa yokunqathuza kwabaNqathuzi bomlando, umbono wemfezokade wamukelwa lusilili ngaphandle kwebandla lamakhatholika. Phakathi kwabaNqathuzi, imfezokade yamukelwa okokuqala nguHugo Grotius (1583-1645), umNqathuzi ongumDashi owayemagange ukwakha ukuzwana phakathi kwabaNqathuzi nebandla lamakhatholika. Isibhalwa sakhe sokuqala kwaba incwadi ethi "Isithasiso semiBhalo eThile ePhathelene nomPhikikristu" (Commentary on Certain Texts Which Deal with Antichrist) (1640) eyayizama ukuveza ukuthi imibhalo emayelana nomphikikristu yagcwaliseka ngekhulu lokuqala AD. AbaNqathuzi abayamukelanga leyo mibono kodwa uGrotius waqhubeka wabhala enye ethi "Isithasiso seTestamenti Elisha" (Commentaries On The New Testament) (1641–50), lapho akhulisa khona imibono yakhe yemfezokade ngokufaka inkulumo yaseNtabeni yemiNqumo kanye nencwadi yesAmbulo.

Imfezokade yaqhubeka nokuzabalaza ekuzuzeni ukwethembeka phakathi kweminye imiphakathi yabaNqathuzi, ikakhulukazi eNgilandi. Umhlaziyi waseNgilandi uThomas Hayne, ngowe-1645 wathi imiqaziyelo yencwadi kaDaniyeli yonke yagcwaliseka ngekhulu lokuqala, futhi uJoseph Hall waveza isiphetho esifanayo ngokuqondene neziprofetho zikaDaniyeli ngowe-1650, kodwa akekho kubo owasebenzisa leyondlela yokuhlaziya encwadini yesAmbulo. Nokho, umqangqo kaGrotius wagculisa indoda engumNgisi uHenry Hammond (1605-1660). uHammond wazwelana nesifiso sikaGrotius sobunye phakathi kwamakristu, futhi wafumana umqangqo wakhe unosizo olukhulu kulokhu. UHammond wabhala umqangqo wakhe wemfezokade ngowe-1653, esusela kakhulu embhalweni kaGrotius. Esingenisweni sakhe sesAmbulo wathi kukhona abanye abafinyelele esiphethweni esifanayo njengaye, nakuba abalula uGrotius kuphela. UHammond kuphela owaphendulwa nguGrotius phakathi kwabaNqathuzi abaziwayo, futhi ngaphezu kwedumela lakhe nethonya ayenalo, abaNqathuzi bakulandula ukuhlakahla kukaGrotius kwesAmbulo, okwagqoza cishe isikhathi esiyiminyaka eyi-100.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18 umqangqo wemfezokade wase wande kabanzi. Ngonyaka we-1730 umNqathuzi nomAriyana ongumfulentshi, uFirmin Abauzit wabhala umqangqo wokuqala wemfezokade, "Isibhalwa ngesAmbulo" (Essai sur l'Apocalypse). U-Abauzit wayesebenza kumbusosobala waseGeneva ozimele njengosoMtapolwazi. Umqangqo wakhe wawuyingxenye yokuthuthukiswa kwemiqangqo ehlelekile yemfezokade ngesAmbulo. Nakuba, kamuva, uAbauzit ayihoxisa leyo mibono emva kokuvivinywa okugxekayo komhumushi wakhe wesingisi, uLeonard Twells.

Umsebenzi wokuqala wemfezokade ogcwele waseMelika, "Ukufika kwesibili kweNkosi uJesu Kristu: isenzakalo sasendulo" (The earliest American full-preterist work, The Second Advent of the Lord Jesus Christ: A Past Event), wabhalwa ngowe-1845 nguRobert Townley. UTownley kamuva wawuhoxisa lowombono.

Onomfezokade, ngokugcwele noma ngokwengxenye, bakholwa ukuthi imfezokade iyaqhubeka nokukhula nokuduma namuhla ngenxa yezihumusho zebhayibheli eziningi.

Ukuhlakahlwa kweNcwadi yesAmbulo
Imfezokade ifundisa ukuthi isiqikili sesAmbulo siwumqaziyelo wezehlakalo ezafezeka kade, ekhulwini lokuqala. Onomfezokade bakholwa ukuthi unyaka wokubhalwa kwesAmbulo ubalulekile ekusihlakahleni  futhi bathi sabhalwa ngaphambi kokuchithwa kweJerusalema ngonyaka wama-70. Imfezokade yaqala ukuqangqiswa umJesuthi obizwa Luis de Alcasar ngenkathi yokuvuselelwa kobukhatholika. Umbono wemfezokade wanika ibandla lamakhatholika amandla wokuzivikela nokuphikisa abaNqathuzi, ababethi uPhapha ungumphikikristu.

Amaphatho