UMabonakude

UMabonakude uyinsiza yokuxhumanade ngokufufukisa imifanekiso enyakazayo nomsindo. Leli bizo libhekisela kwisilekeleli esibukwayo, noma insiza kamabonakude wokufufukisa. UMabonakude uyinsiza yokukhangisa, ezokunandisa, izindaba, nezemidlalo.

UMabonakude waqala ukuba khona ngokwenziwa kwemigcwanso eminyakeni ye-1920, kodwa kungemuva kweminyaka embalwa yokuthuthukisa kwawo lapho lobu buchwepheshe bahuhiswa kubathengi. Emva kweMpi yoMhlaba yesibili, uhlobo oluphuculiwe lokusakaza ngomabonakude wemifanekiso emnyama-mhlophe lwaba nesibunge kwelaseBrithani naseMelika, futhi omabonakude baqala ukwanda emakhaya, ezihwebeni, nasezikhungwini. Ngesikhathi seminyaka ye-1950, umabonakude waba Insiza eyinhloko ekuthonyeni uvo lomphakathi.  Maphakathi neye-1960, ukusakaza ngemifanekisk emilobolobo kwangeniswa eMelika nakwamanye amazwe athuthukile.

Ukutholakala kwezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zeziqongeleli ezifana ne-Beramax neziqophi ze-VHS, amacwecwe wesiCwazi, ama-CD, ama-DVD.