Izikhombo zesichazambhalo

Izikhombo zesichazambhalo ziyisichazambhalo esihloselwe ukuba wusizo ekutholeni izishicilelwa. Izingcaphuno zivame ukufakwa kuluhlu lwababhali nolwezihlokondaba oluhlukanisiwe, noma kuthungethunge lokulandelana kosonhlamvukazi olulodwa olungaphansi kohlelo lwezihloko ezigunyaziwe ezaziwa ngokuthi isilulumagama esilawulwayo, esithuthukiswe ngenkonzo yezinkombo emva kwesikhathi eside. Izikhombo zaloluhlobo zikhishwa ngesimo sezishicwanjalo ezinyathelisiwe, noma kuxhakaxholo. Kusuka ekuqaleni kweminyaka yowe-1970 kuqhubeke zivame ukukhandwa njengeziphumo zesizindamniningo sezichazambhalo (kuyilapho ekuqaleni zazihlanganiswe ngesanda kusetshenziswa amakhadi ezikhombo).

"Ngokubheka okuhlukahlukene, izikhombo ziyibizo elimqondofana nelithi ujengamazwi, ngoba izimiselo sesihlaziyo ziyafana, kodwana nakuba izikhombo zimane zicinga isihlokondaba, isijengamazwi sona sihlanganisa nezingcaciso ezichazisayo ezinake isihlokondaba.".

Izikhombo zingalekelela ekuhlwayeni Izincwadi, ngokwesibonelo, ezoqeqesho lakwaNgqondonkulu (isbn: Philosopher's Index), nemisebenzi yohlobo oluthile (Biography Index) noma eshicilelwe ngesinikino esikhethekile (Newspaper Abstracts), noma eziqendwini zesichilelwa esimhide (New York Times Index).

Imithombo