UmZinyambo

ImZinyamboIsiKhathi eyayiphila kuso: UNgasemaphethelweni enkathi yomcako–recent PreꞒ
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NUmZinyambo (Carcharias taurus)Scientific classification link=Template:Taxonomy/Odontaspididae| e Ubuzwe:IsiLwaneUmHibatho:INcekwaUbuNgqwangangqwanga:OkhehleluqhwagaUHlelo olukhulu:OShakaUHlelo:OmakeleleUmNdeni:ImZinyamboJ.P. Müller & Henle, 1839
ImZinyambo, ebuye yaziwe ngokuthi abatatamisi abampunga noma omahlikihliki, bangoshaka  abawomakelele kumndeni womZinyambo. Itholakala emHlabeni jikelele emanzini apholile nasemanzini ashisayo. Lolu uQunalo oluthathu lutholakala kwizizalo ezimbili.

 Incazelo 
Umzimba uvame ukuba nsundu futhi uhwanqazeke kuhlangothi olungenhla. Lezi izihwanqeko ziyanyamalala nokukhula kwemZinyambo. Amazinyo ayo afana neNaliti enzelwe khona ukuxhoma iziNhlanzi, okuyisona isilo sayo esikhulu. Amazinyo awo amhohombe,  acijile, abukhali , bese eba nezinhlangothi ezibushelelezi, kwesinye isikhathi bese eba nondane olulodwa noma ezimbili manxa womabili.  ImZinyambo inesigwedle somqolo sesibili esikhulu.  ImZinyambo ingakhula ize ifinyelele ebudeni obungamamitha ama-3.2 ubude (amafithi ayi-10), kanti futhi abadala abaningi bangaba nesisindo esingamakhilo ama-200. Umumo weminyaka ephilwa ubulili bobubili ulinganiselwe kwisi-7 kuphela, nakuba zingaphila isikhathi eside ekufukamelweni.

 INdawo kanye nemvelaphi 
Igama elithi umZinyambo liqhamuka egameni elithi ukunyambalaza, okuyinto ezijwayele ukuyenza lapho zihambela emsebeni, kanti futhi zijwayele ukubonakala zibhukuda maphansi nolwandle ekugagaseni; kwesinye isikhathi, basondela maduzane nosebe. Bajwayele ukutholakala emanzini afudumele futhi angashintshi-shintshi emhlabeni jikelele, ngaphandle kwasePhasifikhi yaseMpumalanga.  Baphinde bajwayele uLwandle iMedithereniyeni kanye ne-Adriatic ekujuleni okusukela kuma- 20 kuya kuma- 200 amamitha (ama-66 kuya kuma- 656 wamafithi) ngezinye izikhathi nangaphezulu.   

 Ukuziphatha 
UmZinyombo uwodwana endleleni ozingela ngayo. Ukwazi ukugobela umoya ngaphezulu kobusa bamanzi uphinde iwugcine esiswini sawo. Lokhu kuwuvumela ukuthi ube buhelesi  futhi isondele kwisilo sawo icishe ngaphandle kokunyakazi. Emini, umZinyombo uyafundamana , kodwa ebusuku, uyakhupheza uqhubeke nokuzingela kwawo.  Isisekelo sawo izinhlanzi ezincane, imigqelwane kanye neTsakayinki. Ngezinye izikhathi ziye izingele ziyiqembu (insungulo), futhi yaziwa ngokuhlasela izikhukhulo zokudoba ezigcwele .

 Ukuzalana 
ImZinyombo ikhiqiza imibungu emibili kuphela, eyodwa esibelethweni ngasinye. Imibungu emikhulu futhi enamandla kunayo yonke idla lena emincane esibelethweni ( ubuzimuzimu bemibungu ) ngaphambi kokuba umdlwane ngamunye osaphila uzalwe.  Izalana kancane kunabo bonake oshaka  kanti futhi uyavukwa ngisho nakwingcindezelo encane eqhamuka kwinani lwabo, ngakho-ke ibalwa njenga leyo  esengozini futhi ivikelwe kakhulu ebangeni eliwuhambayo. 

 Ukuhlaselwa kwabantu 
ImZinyombo abaziwa ukuhlasela abantu. Uma umuntu engase awuchukuluze umZinyombo, ungase uziphindiselele ngenhloso yokuzivikela. ImZinyombo ayisiyona imihhahhameli, kodwa ukuhlupha abatshuzi abadoba ngemikhonto. EMelikha, abatshuzi bajwayele ukuvakashela izimvithi zemikhumbi  eMpini Yomhlaba yesibili  ukuze batshuze noshaka abenza lezi izimvithi ikhaya labo. 

 Ukongiwa kwemZinyombo 
Umbiko wakamuva ovela kwi-PEW Charitable Trusts uphakamisa indlela entsha yokuphatha esetshenziselwa izilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu esezike zahlaselwe ukuncipha ngokwenani ebukeka yethembisa nakOshaka. Ngenxa yobunsimbi boShaka, izindlela ezijwayelekile zokuphatha  iziNhlanzi, njengohlelo  lwesihlengelavuno, angeke lunele ukuvuselela noma ukwandisa izibalo zoShaka. Ezinye zezindlela eziqinile ezisetshenziselwa ukulwa nokuncipha kwezibalo zezilwane ezinkulu ezincelisayo zingase zibe nenekoShaka, okunbandakanya nezinqumiselelo ekugcinweni kwizinhlobo zoShaka ezisengcupheni yokushabalala kanye nokulawulwa kohwebo uMhlaba jikelele. 

 Izinhlobo zoShaka 
Lomndeni uqukethe izinhlobo ezintathu zoShaka asebashabalala, kanye nezinhlobo eziningi esezashabalala kwizizalo ezimbalwa. Ukuhlaziywa kwakamuva koDlelo lofuzo lesikhiqizi mandla amalunga asaphila sekuthungulule ukuthi amalunga amabili asaphila awasilo ozalo olulodwa. Kepha asuselwa Ngakho-ke lo mndeni kwizizalo ezahlukahlukene futhi udinga ukubuyekezwa. 

 uZalo  CumZinyambo kaRafinesque, 1810
 umTuku Rafinesque, 1810 (sand tiger shark) Carcharias taurus. Rafinesque, 1810. Sand tiger shark. FishBase
 uZalo - imZinyambo kaGasizi 1838
 Umndeni ongaphansi komZinyambo † Herman, 1975 
 uZalo iziPhuhlimazinyo † Glikman, 1964
 uZalo mazinyo ayixhanti † Ameghino, 1901
 uZalo abalingani † White, ngo-1931
 uZalo uManqangi † Ameghino, 1901
 uZalo Ophundu † Glikman, 1957
 uZalo omazinyogxamalaza † White, ngo-1931
 Umndeni ongaphansi kwamaJoniliya † Shimada, 2015 
 uZalo Joni †
 uZalo Izikhenkesi † ( Shimada, 2015)

 Amaphatho 
 1. Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2009). "Odontaspididae"  in FishBase. January 2009 version.

2. Bigelow, Henry B.; Schroeder, William C. (1953). Fishes of the Gulf of Maine. United States Government Printing Office. Retrieved 30 October 2011.
3. National Geographic. "Sand Tiger Sharks". National Geographic. Retrieved 8 December 2012.

4. the-shark-side-of-life.com. "Sand Sharks". The Shark Side of life.

5. "Sand Tiger Shark Profile". National Geographic. National Geographic. Retrieved 17 May 2013.

6. Martin, Aidan. "Intrauterine Cannibalism in Sharks". elasmo-research.org. Retrieved 2 July 2015.

7.  Rigby, C.L.; Carlson, J.; Derrick, D.; Dicken, M.; Pacoureau, N.; Simpfendorfer, C. (2021). "Carcharias taurus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T3854A2876505. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T3854A2876505.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.

8. Decker, Robert. "Ghosts in the Graveyard: N.C. Shark Diving". ScubaDiving.com. Retrieved 17 June 2015.

9. "Considering Shark Biology in Management". pewtrusts.org. Retrieved 5 July 2015.

10. Vella, Noel; Vella, Adriana (2020-07-02). "The complete mitogenome of the Critically Endangered smalltooth sand tiger shark, Odontaspis ferox (Lamniformes: Odontaspididae)". Mitochondrial DNA Part B. 5 (3): 3319–3322. doi:10.1080/23802359.2020.1814886. PMC 7782878. PMID 33458146.

11. Carcharias taurus. Rafinesque, 1810. Sand tiger shark.  FishBase

12. "Fossilworks: Odontaspinae" . fossilworks.org. Retrieved 17 December 2021.

13. "SHIMADA, K. & POPOV, E.V. & SIVERSSON, M. & WELTON, B.J. & LONG, D.L. (2015) | Literature | Shark-References". shark-references.com. Retrieved 2016-05-21.

 I-FishBase Family Odontaspididae - amahlosi asesihlabathini . fishbase.org
 Isikole saseSand Tiger Shark
 I-Sand Tigers Sharks
 Ulwazi lukashaka
 Abatshuzi be-scuba bayabhukuda phakathi koshaka, iFayetteville Observer
Category:IziKhulelimaqanda
Category:OsoZinyambo