Umkhumbi-ngwenya

Umkhumbingwenya ungumkhumbi okwazi ukuhamba ngaphansi kwamanzi. Leli gama libhekisela kuzo zonke iziqutshwa ezithwala abantu nezikwazi ukutshuza ngaphansi kwamanzi.

 Imisebenzi nesakhiwo somkhumbingwenya 
Nakuba imikhumbi-ngwenya yokuhlola yayakhiwe ngaphambili, ukwakhiwa kwemikhumbi-ngwenya kwaqala phakathi nekhulu le-19, futhi imikhumbi-ngwenya yamukelwa imikhumbi-ngwenya eminingana. Aqala ukusetshenziswa kabanzi phakathi neMpi Yezwe I (1914-1918), futhi manje asetshenziswa emikhunjini eminingi yemikhumbi, emikhulu nemincane. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwezempi kubandakanya: ukuhlasela imikhumbi engaphezulu yesitha (umthengisi nezempi) noma eminye imikhumbi-ngwenya; ukuvikelwa komthwali wendiza; ukuvinjelwa kwezikhali zenuzi; ukusebenza ngokunyenya ezindaweni ezingavunyelwe lapho kuqoqwa ubuhlakani futhi kwenziwa ukuhlola; ukuphika noma ukuthonya ukunyakaza kwezitha; ukuhlaselwa komhlaba okujwayelekile (isibonelo, ukwethula i-cruise missile); kanye nokufakwa ngokucashile kwamaxoxo noma amabutho akhethekile. Ukusetshenziswa kwabo komphakathi kuhlanganisa: isayensi yasolwandle; ukusindisa; ukuhlola; kanye nokuhlolwa nokunakekelwa kwesikhungo. Imikhumbi-ngwenya ingalungiselelwa imisebenzi ekhethekile efana nemishini yosesho nokuhlenga kanye nokulungisa amakhebula angaphansi kolwandle. Zibuye zisetshenziswe embonini yezokuvakasha kanye nobuchwepheshe bokumba umlando bangaphansi kolwandle. Imikhumbi-ngwenya yesimanje yokucwilisa ekujuleni kwamanzi iphuma ku-bathyscaphe, eyavela kwinsimbi yokutshuza.

Imikhumbi-ngwenya eminingi emikhulu inomzimba oyisilinda oneziphetho zekhoni kanye nesakhiwo esime mpo, ngokuvamile esitholakala phakathi kwemikhumbi, egcina izinsiza zokuzwa nezokuxhumana kanye namathuluzi okubuka okungaphandle kusuka ngaphakathi, phecelezi periscope. Kumikhumbi-ngwenya yesimanje, lesi sakhiwo sibizwa ngokuthi iseyili eMelika kanye ngophiko noma i-fin eYurophu. Isici semiklamo yangaphambili kwakuyisigodlo sokulawula umkhumbi: okuyisihlangu sokumkhumbi esihlukile sokucindezela ngaphezu komzimba omkhulu wesikebhe evumela ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi okubuka okungaphandle kusuka ngaphakathi amafushane. Kukhona isiphakeli ngemuva, kanye namaphiko ahlukahlukene okulawula amandla amanzi okunyakaza. Imikhumbi-ngwenya emincane, ejulile, kanye nekhethekile ingase iphambuke kakhulu kulo mklamo ongokwesiko. Imikhumbi-ngwenya iyatshuza futhi iphinde ivuke ngokusebenzisa izindiza zokutshuza nangokushintsha inani lamanzi nomoya emathangini kubhalasti ukuze kuthinte ukuhamba kwawo.

 Imithombo yolwazi 

Category:Imikhumbi