Umtapowolwazi

Umtapowolwazi noma umtapolwazi uyisibhidli sezincwadi eziqoqiwe, kanye neminye imibhalo nezinzisakusakaza, konke okufikeleleka kalula ukuba kusetshenziswe amalungu awo namalungu wezinye izikhungo ezimdibi munye wawo. Imitapoyolwazi ivame ukuba nezincwadi eziphathekayo noma ukufikelela kulezo okungezezibhangqiwe, futhi ungaba isakhiwo esisesizeni esithile , noma esikhenkeni sakuxhakaxholo noma kokubili. Isibhidli somtapowolwazi imvama sihlanganisa izinsiza ezishicilelwe okulula ukuba zibolekwe abazifunayo, kanye nomhibatho wamaphatho wezishicilelwa okungavunyelwe ukuba ziphume emtapolwazi nezibukelwa emagcekeni wawo kuphela. Kungenzeka kube neminye imithombo ephathekayo ngezinye izinikino, ezifana namafilimi wezentengiselwano, izinhlelo zikamobonakude, eminye imibukiso eqoshiwe, ezomsakazo, umculo neziqoshwa zezilalwelwa zesinikino se-DVD, Blu-ray, amacwecwe we-CD nekhasetho, singakabali ufikelelo lokwaziswa, umculo noma ezinye iziqikili ezigcinwe kwezizindamniningo zomchazamibhalo.

Imitapolwazi iyahluka ngobungako futhi ingahlelwa ibuye igcinwe indikimba yomphakathi efana nohulumeni, isikhungo (esifana nesikole noma ingodlandlu), umshumanqa, noma umdwambu ongasese. Ngaphezu kokuhlinzeka ngemibhalo, imitapolwazi iphinde ihlinzeke ngezinkonzo zosomtapolwazi abangongcweti abacijisiwe ekutholeni, ekukhetheni, ekujikiliziseni nasekuhleleni ukwaziswa kuyilapho behlakahla izidingo zokwaziswa nasekushulubezeni nasekuhlaziyeni amanani amakhulu okwaziswa anezinsizakusebenza ezinhlobonhlobo.

Izakhiwo zomtapowolwazi zivame ukuba nezindawo ezithile zokufundela, kanye nezindawo ezivamile zokufunda kweqembu nokusebenzisana, futhi zingaba nezinsiza zomphakathi zokufikelela kwizinsizakusebenza zezingabuzuba, ezifana neziCikizi nofikelelo kuxhakaxholo.

 UMsukagama 
Elithi umtapolwazi liyinhlanganisela yamagama amabili, umtapo + ulwazi, ukuze lichaze indawo ewumthombo wolwazi, lapho ulwazi luyinala khona, lutatshwa khona ngabalufunayo. Ngokwesichazamazwi sikaVilakazi elithi umtapo lisho indawo noma isakhiwo siwumthombo wento ethile ngobuningi. Leligama livela esenzweni ukutapa esisho ukugqoba, ukumoncula okuthile njengalapho abavukuzi bemoncula izimbiwa emigoding, basuke betapa, indawo abatapa kuye, ingumtapo wezimbiwa.

 Umlando 
Umlando wemitapolwazi waqala endulo lapho ulwazi lwalugcinwa futhi luhlelenjwe phakathi kwemibhalo. Imitapolwazi yokuqala yayihlanganisa nokuqogelela izindlela zokuloba zokuqala — njengezibhebhe okwakulotshwa kuzo ngokugweda endaweni yaseSumeri eminyakeni eyizi-2600 BC edlule.