Isibhalwa

Isibhalwa noma isilotshwa kuwumsebenzi obhaliwe oshicilelwe ngendlela yokunyathelisa noma yamazuba. Singenzelwa injongo yokusabalalisa izindaba, imiphumela yocwaningo, ukuhlaziywa kwezemfundo noma impikiswano.

 Izibhalwa zezindaba
Isibhalwa sezindaba sixoxa ngezindaba zamanje noma ezisematheni ezithakaselwa ngabantu jikelele (i.e. iphephandaba lansukuzonke) noma zesihloko esithile (i.e. izindaba zombusazwe noma zohwebo, amapheshana eqembu, noma izindaba zezizindalwebu zezobuchwepheshe).

Isibhalwa sezindaba zingabandakanya ukulandisa kwabazibonele mathupha ukwenzeka kwesehlakalo. Singaqukatha imifanekiso, izilando, izibalo, imidwebo, izinhlolovo, izimpikiswano ngesihloko njll. Izihloko zingasetshenziswa ukugxilisa ukunaka komfundi engxenyeni ethile yesibhalwa. Umbhali angaphana ngeziminya noma ukwaziswa okuningiliziwe okulandela izimpendulo zemibuzo jikelele enjengokuthi ubani, ini, nini, kuphi, kungani nokuthi kanjani.

Amaphatho acashuniwe nawo angaba usizo. Amaphatho wabantu angenziwa  ngokusebenzisa ukulandisa okubhaliwe kwezinhlolovo nezimpikiswano eziqinisekisa ubuqiniso bokwaziswa bombhali kanye nokwethembeka komthombo wakhe. Umbhali angasebenzisa ukuyalelisa ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi umfundi uyaqhubeka nokufunda isibhalwa kanye nokudonsela ukunaka kwakhe kwezinye izibhalwa. Ngokwesibonelo, imishwana efana nokuthi "iyaqhubeka ekhasini lesithathu" iyalelisa umfundi ukuba avulle ikhasi lapho isibhalwa siqhubekiswa khona.

Nakuba isiphetho esihle siyisithako esibalulekile sezibhalwa zephephandaba, isimo sokuphuthuma kwangqingetshe (deadline) sisho ukuthi ukuhlela ngokufanisela ngezinye izikhathi kuba ukucisha konke okungacutshunguliwe endabeni ngokuhambisana nesikhala esitholakayo ekhasini. Ngalokho, ababiki bamaphephandaba baqeqeshelwa ukubhala ngohlobo lwesitshopolonco esihlanekezelwe (inverted pyramid style), ngokufaka ukwaziswa okubalulekile esigabeni sokuqala nesesibili. Uma imininingwane ebaluleke kancane ifuqelwa ekugcineni kwendaba, khona imithelela emibi yokuhlela ngokufanisela okuqinile izonciphiswa.