Isiteshi seMetro

Isiteshi se-metro noma isiteshi esingaphansi komhlaba siyisiteshi sesitimela sohlelo lokuhamba olusheshayo, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi yi "metro" noma "subway".Isiteshi sihlinzeka abagibeli ngezindlela zokuthenga amathikithi, izitimela ezihamba ngamabhodi, nokususa uhlelo esimeni esiphuthumayo.E- United Kingdom, baziwa njengeziteshi zangaphansi komhlaba, ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ukubhekisa eLondon Underground.

 Indawo 
Indawo yesiteshi sikamasipala omkhulu kuhlelwe ngokucophelela ukuhlinzeka ukufinyelela okulula ezindaweni ezibalulekile zasemadolobheni ezifana nemigwaqo, izikhungo zezohwebo, izakhiwo ezinkulu nezinye izindawo zezokuthutha.

Iziteshi eziningi zitholakala ngaphansi komhlaba, zingena / zingena ziholela phansi noma ezingeni lomgwaqo. Kwenqwaba esiteshini ngokuvamile ibekwe ngaphansi komhlaba agodliwe ukuze umphakathi thoroughfares noma amapaki.Ukubeka isiteshi ngaphansi komhlaba kunciphisa indawo engaphandle ehlala isiteshi, kuvumela izimoto nabahamba ngezinyawo ukuthi baqhubeke nokusebenzisa indawo ephansi ngendlela efanayo nangaphambi kokwakhiwa kwesiteshi.Lokhu kubalulekile ikakhulu lapho esiteshini ukhonza Isidlulisilwazi emagcekeni ezisemadolobheni, lapho ezingeni eliphansi izikhala kakade kakhulu esetshenzisiwe. 

 Izikhungo 
Ezingeni lomgwaqo uphawu lwenkampani kamasipala luphawula ukungena / ukuphuma kwesiteshi.Imvamisa, izimpawu zikhombisa igama lesiteshi futhi zichaza izakhiwo zesiteshi nohlelo olusisebenzelayo.Imvamisa kuba neminyango eminingana yesiteshi esisodwa, okusindisa abahamba ngezinyawo ekudingweni ukuwela umgwaqo nokunciphisa ukuminyana. 

Isiteshi se-metro sihlinzeka ngokuthengiswa kwamathikithi nezinhlelo zokuqinisekisa ithikithi.Isiteshi sihlukaniswe indawo engakhokhelwa exhunywe emgwaqweni, nendawo ekhokhelwayo exhunywe kuzingxenyekazi zezitimela.Umgoqo wamathikithi uvumela abagibeli abanamathikithi avumelekile ukuthi badlule phakathi kwalezi zindawo. Isithiyo singasetshenziswa ngabasebenzi noma ngokujwayelekile ngama- turnstiles azenzakalelayo noma amasango avuleka lapho kudlula ukuthwalwa kwezokuthutha noma kutholwa.Amanye amasistimu kamasipala amancane ahlinzeka ngezindawo ezikhokhelwayo futhi aqinisekisa amathikithi nabasebenzi abakumakalishi ezitimela. 

 Iziteshi zokudlulisa 
Ezinye iziteshi zemetro ziyaphambana, zisebenza ukudlulisa abagibeli phakathi kolayini noma izinhlelo zokuhamba. Amapulatifomu angaba ngamazinga amaningi.Iziteshi zokudlulisa ziphatha abagibeli abaningi kuneziteshi ezijwayelekile, ngemigudu yokuxhuma eyengeziwe nemikhonto emikhulu ukunciphisa izikhathi zokuhamba nokuphatha ukugeleza kwesixuku.

 Izinhlobo zokwakha 

 Isiteshi sekholomu esingajulile 
Isiteshi sekholomu esingajulile siwuhlobo lokwakhiwa kweziteshi zangaphansi komhlaba, ngesici esivelelayo kube inqwaba yezinsizakalo ezengezelayo zomgodi ongaphansi komhlaba.Imiklamo eminingi isebenzisa amakholomu ensimbi noma amakholomu kakhonkolo nensimbi ahlelwe ngemigqa efana ne-eksisi ende yesiteshi.

 Isiteshi sekholomu esijulile 
Isiteshi sekholomu esijulile siwuhlobo lwesiteshi esingaphansi komhlaba esinehholo eliphakathi nendawo elinamahholo amabili asemaceleni axhunywe ngamapaseji anjengendandatho phakathi kolayini wezinsika.Ngokuya ngohlobo lwesiteshi, amasongo adlulisa umthwalo kumakholomu kungaba "ngamakhothamo ahlanganisiwe" noma ngama- purlins, akha "ikholomu-purlin complex".

 Isiteshi sePylon 
Isiteshi sase-pylon siwuhlobo lwesiteshi esingaphansi komhlaba esingaphansi komhlaba.Isici esisehlukanisayo sesiteshi se-pylon yindlela yokwehlukaniswa kwehholo eliphakathi nemigwaqo yesiteshi.

 Isiteshi se-single-vault 
Ukwakhiwa kwesiteshi esisodwa-vault siqukethe ihholo elilodwa elibanzi futhi eliphakeme elingaphansi komhlaba, lapho kukhona khona igumbi elilodwa kuphela (yingakho igama).Iziteshi zokuqala zegumbi elilodwa e- USSR zakhiwa eLeningrad ngo-1975: iPolitekhnicheskaya nePloshchad Muzhestva.Futhi eSaint Petersburg kwakhiwa esokuqala futhi kuze kube manje ukuphela kwamazinga amabili esiteshi sokudlulisa esisodwa eRussia: iSportivnaya.