Umphakathi

Umphakathi uyiqembu labantu abenza ndawonye uhlelo oluvaliwe futhi ngaphakathi kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi kwamalungu eqembu.

Yize abantu futhi behlala ndawonye nezilwane nezinto, uxhoxho (network) yobudlelwano phakathi kwabantu iphakathi. Umphakathi uyinto yokufunda ngokuncomeka kwesayensi yezenhlalo. Ngokuya ngomongo, imiqondo yomphakathi nomphakathi ingakhawulwa noma ikhuliswe ngenombolo. Ubuncane babantu ababili sebungabandakanya ukuhlala ndawonye, ​​ezinye izibonelo ezingeni lomndeni ngumndeni kanye nomphakathi ohlala kuwo. Kancane kancane indawo yangakini noma indawo yokuhlala, idolobhana nedolobha. Ezingeni lezwe noma lombuso, igama elithi umphakathi lifana kakhulu nomphakathi, kepha okugcizelelwayo kugxile kakhulu ebudlelwaneni bokusebenzisana phakathi kwabantu futhi kuncane ezikhungweni. Okuphakeme kakhulu kungaba umphakathi wabo bonke abantu emhlabeni (bona i-cosmopolitanism).

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi komphakathi neqembu lezilwane ukuthi abantu bawulolonge kahle umphakathi wabo. Lokhu bekulokhu kuyindikimba kusukela esikhathini sosolwazi bamaGrikhi: isiko lomuntu kuqhathaniswa nemvelo, ama-nomos (umthetho) noma ithisisi (isikhungo) kuqhathaniswa ne-physis (imvelo). Kwezemfundo kuyacaca kumalungu amasha omphakathi ukuthi umuntu kumele aziphathe kanjani. Lokhu kuthinta izinkambiso, izindinganiso, imithetho kanye nemithetho, nayo edalelwe inhloso yokwakha umphakathi ongcono kakhulu ongahlaliseka kuwo wonke amalungu.

Kuwo wonke amakhulu eminyaka abaholi benkolo nezazi zefilosofi bebelokhu becabanga ngomphakathi ofanele. Kwesinye isikhathi itholakala esikhathini esedlule (ipharadesi), kwesinye isikhathi futhi nasesikhathini esizayo ("izulu elisha nomhlaba omusha"). Ipulani eyaziwayo yomphakathi omuhle yiPoliteia (State) kaPlato, kamuva eyenezelwa yiNomoi yakhe (Imithetho). Emphakathini ofanele, ubulungiswa, ukuthula nenjabulo kutholakala kubo bonke abantu. Imvamisa futhi ihlobene nenkululeko yokukhuluma, engahunyushwa kabanzi.

Imiphakathi ye-Pluriform kanye namasiko amaningi iyahlukaniswa.