UKwaziswa

uKwaziswa noma uKwazi umqondo oyisicabango obhekisela emininingwanen enamandla okwazisa. Ngokuyisisekelo ukwaziswa kumayelana nokuhunyushwa kwalokho okulabathekayo. Noma iyiphi inqubo engokwemvelo engesona isiyaluyalu ngokuphelele, futhi noma isiphi isibonisi esibonakalayo kunoma isiphi isilekeleli, kokubili kungashiwo ukuthi kudlulisa inani elithile lokwaziswa. Kuyilapho iziyabizo zezibhangqiwe neminye imininingo  zisebenzisa izimpawu ezihlukanisiwe ukudlulisa ukwaziswa, ezinye izimongotho nezinto ezifana neziyabizo zenzuko, izinkondlo, izithombe, umculo neminye imisindo nemigelezo, zona zidlulisa ukwaziswa ngohlobo olunganqamuki. Ukwaziswa akulona ulwazi ngokwalo, kodwa kuwucezu okuthi uma lihlanganiswa nezinye izingcezu zokwaziswa zakhe ulwazi.

Ukwaziswa kuvame Ukudludlungwa lukhonko: Imininingo etholakala esinyathelweni esisodwa iyadludlungwa kube ukwaziswa ukuze ihlakahlwe (interpreted) futhi idludlungwe (processed) esinyathelweni esilandelayo. Ngokwesibonelo, esiqakaqweni esibhalwayo uphawu ngalunye noma usonhlamvu ludlulisa ukwaziswa okufanele izwi eliyingxenye yalo, izwi ngalinye ludlulisa ukwaziswa okufanele umusho oluyingxenye yawo, umusho ngamunye udlulisa ukwaziswa okufanele umushokazi oluyingxenye yawo, kuqhubeke njalo kuze kube sesinyathelweni sokugcina lapho ukwaziswa kukhunyushwa khona kube ulwazi. Esiyabizweni sezezibhangqiwe izincu zingahlakahlwa zibe izimpawu, osonhlamvu, amanani, noma izinhlaka ezidlulisa ukwaziswa okutholakala emgangathweni ophezulu olandelayo. Isici esimqoka sokwaziswa ukuthi kufanele kuhlakahlwe futhi kucutshungulwe.

Isicabango sokwaziswa simqoka ezindaweni ezingafani, kuhlanganise lezo zezivimbelo, zokuxhumana, ukulawula, imininingo, umumo, imfundo, ulwazi, incazelo, ukuqonda, ivuso lomqondo, isifanelo, intshwayo, Isiphakamiso, unongo, kanye nesigubhukane.  

Ukuthathwa kokwaziswa esiyabizweni noma emyalezweni kungacatshangwa njengomgqamo womthinziyelo noma ukungaqiniseki oqhamuka ukuhlakahlweni kwezifanelo ngaphakathi kwesiyabizo noma umyalezo.

Ukwaziswa kungahlelwa njengemininingo. Imininingo engenasizo ingabuthazwa (compressed) kube ubungako obuganya, okungumbono ongumkhawulo wokubuthaza.

Ukwaziswa okutholakala ngemininingo eqoqiwe kungatonyulwa ngokuhlaziya. Ngokwesibonelo, imininingo ingaqoqwa kuntengo yomkhozi oyedwa emdlelondlu (restaurant). Ukwaziswa okutholakala ngezintengo eziningi kungahlaziywa, bese kuba ulwazi oluzosetshenziswa lapho isihwebi sizokwazi ukuhlonza isidlo esidume kakhulu.

Ukwaziswa kungafufukiswa ngesikhathi, ngezilondimininingo, futhi bufufukiswe emkhathini, ngokuxhumana nangezokuxhumakude. Ukwaziswa kuvezwa njengesiqikili somyalezo noma ngengqaphelo eqondile noma engaqondile. Lokho okushwayiwayo kungathathwa njengomyalezo ngokwako , ngalowomqondo, konke ukwaziswa kuhlake kudluliswa njengesiqikili somyalezo.

Ukwaziswa kungaguqukezelwa kube izimo ezihlukene zokubufufukisa nokubuhlakahla  (ngokwesibonelo, ukwaziswa kungaguqukezelwa kube uchunge lwezimpawu, noma kufufukiswe ngesiyabizo). Kunganyandlwa ukuze kulondolozwe ngokuphepha nokuxhumana okuphephile.

uMsuka
Ibizo elithi 'ukwaziswa' livela kusichazamazwi sikaNyembezi esinesihloko esithi 'Zulu Scholars Dictionary'  liyefana nelithi 'ukwazi' futhi womabili avela kwelithi 'azi'. Isenzo esisempambosini yokwenziwa esithi 'aziswa' sisho ukwenza into yaziwe, ukumemezela , ukubika. Ibizo ukwaziswa lisho into eyenza into yaziwe, isimemezeli, isibiki, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ilotshwe noma iqoshwe kuphi. Akukhulunywa ngento ephathekayo, kodwa kukhulunywa ngolwazi olungekho engqondweni, olulotshiwe, oluqoshiwe njll olulungele ukwazisa olufunayo.

Umchachiso woKwaziswa
Umchachiso wokwaziswa uyisifundo senzululwazi sokungakanisa, ukuqoqonga imininingo, nokuxhumana kokwaziswa. Lo mkhakha wasungulwa yimisebenzi ka-Henry Nyquist beno-Ralph Hartley kowe-1920, nangu-Claude Shannon kweye-1940. Lomkhakha usempambanweni yombono wokungathekisa (probability theory), izibalomininingo, inzululwazi yesiCikizi, ezobunguxa bezibalomininingo, UmNgcikisho wokwaziswa, nomNgcikisho wamazuba.