Ingqamuzana

KuMchazampilo, amangqamuzana anguhlaka oluyisisekelo nolungumuvo osebenzayo wezinto eziphilayo. Wonke amangqamuzana aqukethe ingqimbazana ebiyelwe ngaphakathi kolwelwesi, equkethe imizwayimpilo amaningi afana nezakhamzimba kanye nezimunyundeni.
Amangqamuzana angenza imisebenzi ecacile nehlukene ngaphakathi kwengqamuzana njengokunyaliza, ukulungisa impathafuzo, nokulumbanisa isakhamzimba. Amangqamuzana amaningi alinganiswa ngamamithanyana ngenxa yobuncane bawo.
Iningi lamangqamuzana ezitshalo nezilwane abonakala kuphela ngaphansi kwesibonancinci sokukhanya, ngobukhulu obuphakathi kwamamithanyana asuka ku-1 kuya ku-100. Ukubuka ngesibonankulu senzuba kuveza umgqamo ophezulu obonisa ngokuningiliziwe uhlaka lwengqamuzana. Iziphili zingahlukaniswa ngokuthi unongqamuzana (unicellular) (siqukethe ingqamuzana elilodwa njengeZinungwana) noma umangqamuzana (multicellular) (kufaka phakathi izitshalo nezilwane). Iningi leziphili ezingumangqamuzana zihlelwe ngokuthi iziphilincinci.

Inani lamangqamuzana ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni liyahlukahluka kuye ngezinhlobo zezilwane; kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu baqukethe amangqamuzana angaba yizigidigidi ezingama-40 (4 × 1013).

Ingqondo yomuntu ibalelwa kuma-80 billion amangqamuzana.

Amangqamuzana atholwa nguRobert Hooke ngo-1665, owawaqamba ngokufana kwawo namangqamuzana (amagumbana) ahlala izindela ezingamaKrestu esigodlweni sezindela. Umbono wengqamuzana, waqala ukwakhiwa ngo-1839 nguMatthias Jakob Schleiden noTheodor Schwann, ithi zonke izinto eziphilayo zakhiwa elilodwa noma amangqamuzana amaningi, ukuthi amangqamuzana ayingxenye eyisisekelo yokwakheka nokusebenza kwazo zonke izinto eziphilayo, nokuthi wonke amangqamuzana avela kumangqamuzana akhona kakade.

Amangqamuzana avela eMhlabeni okungenani iminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-3.5 edlule.

Merged content from Iseli to here.