UMnyango Wezokuthuthukiswa Komphakathi (eNingizimu Afrika)

UMnyango Wezokuthuthukiswa Komphakathi (i-DSD) waseNingizimu Afrika ngumnyango kahulumeni obhekele ukuhlinzeka ngezenhlalakahle, ukuvikela kanye nezinsizakalo zomphakathi. Ngaphambili ngokuthi uMnyango Welfare, ke iqanjwe kabusha ngo-July 2000.UNgqongqoshe wezokuThuthukiswa koMphakathi njengamanje nguLindiwe Zulu .

Umnyango wokuqala wasungulwa ngo-1937, ukuze ulawule futhi uxhase ngezinsizakalo ezikhona ezizimele, ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni, ngenkathi unikeza ezinye izinsizakalo ezingeziwe. I-White Paper for Social Welfare yango-1997 yaphawula ukuthi iNingizimu Afrika yangemva kobandlululo izithole njengezinhlelo zezenhlalakahle "ezazingathathwa njengezibaluleke kakhulu ekutshalweni kwezenhlalakahle futhi zazingenazo izinsiza kusebenza".

UMnyango "uzama ukudala impilo engcono yabantu abampofu, abasengozini futhi abakhishwe inyumbazana emphakathini". Unomsebenzi wokunciphisa ubuphofu, ukukhuthaza ukuhlangana komphakathi, nokwakha izimo zokuziphilisa okusimeme.NoLorna usebenza lapho. UMnyango uphinde wenze ucwaningo olwakha izinkomba zomphakathi ezidingekayo ekusetshenzisweni kohlelo kanye nokuphendula emphakathini.

 Isikhungo Sokuphepha Komphakathi saseNingizimu Afrika 
I-South African Social Security Agency (SASSA) iyinkampani kazwelonke kahulumeni eyakhiwe ngo-Ephreli 2005 ngenhloso yokuhambisa izibonelelo zikahulumeni egameni loMnyango Wezokuthuthukiswa Komphakathi. I-DSD inendima eyengamele i-Ejensi kodwa ayinamandla okuyilawula.Futhi yenzelwe ukufaka kabusha umsebenzi wezokuphepha komphakathi kusuka ezifundazweni zaseNingizimu Afrika kuya emkhakheni kazwelonke kahulumeni kanye nokubika eMnyangweni Wezokuthuthukiswa Komphakathi (DSD). Isikhulu esiphezulu salo njengamanje ngu-Abraham Mahlungu.SASSA iyinhlangano yomphakathi ngokweSheduli 3A yoMthetho Wokuphathwa Kwezimali Zikahulumeni . 

Imisebenzi esemqoka yesikhungo sikahulumeni ihlobene nokuphathwa kanye nokukhokhwa kwezibonelelo zikahulumeni: ukucutshungulwa kwezicelo, ukuqinisekiswa nokuvunywa kwezicelo, ukukhokhelwa kanye nokukhokhwa kwezibonelelo kubahlomuli abafanelekile, isiqiniseko sekhwalithi, kanye nokuvinjelwa nokutholwa kwenkohliso.

Abamukeli bezenhlalakahle baseNingizimu Afrika bakhule besuka ezigidini ezingama-3.8 ngo-Ephreli 2001 baya ezigidini eziyi-11 ngoMashi 2006, kanye nezigidi eziyi-17 ngo-2017.

Izigidi zabantu baseNingizimu Afrika zithole isibonelelo esikhethekile sesikhashana se-COVID-19 Social Relief of Distress kusukela ngoMeyi 2020 kuze kube ngu-Ephreli 2021. https://www.gov.za/covid-19/individuals-and-households/social-grants-coronavirus-covid-19#

 Izinhlobo zezibonelelo 
Usizo lwezenhlalakahle lunikezwa ngendlela:

 imali yesibonelelo sezingane;
 isibonelelo sabantu abadala (impesheni);
 isibonelelo sokukhubazeka;
 isibonelelo somakadebona empini;
 isibonelelo sokunakekelwa, sokunakekela ingane ekhubazeke kakhulu;
 isibonelelo sengane;
 ukunikela ngosizo, kulabo abadinga ukunakekelwa ngokugcwele; kanye / noma
 ukukhululeka kwezenhlalo kosizi, isilinganiso sesikhashana sabantu abaswele kakhulu, ngesimo samaphasela noma amavawusha. USteyn wathembisa u-R 320 000 000.00 ukusiza impumuzo ye-coronavirus.

Phambilini bonke ohulumeni bezifundazwe abayisishiyagalolunye (9) babebhekele ukuphathwa kwezibonelelo zikahulumeni, kepha lokhu kwadala izinselelo ezinkulu zokulethwa kwezenhlalakahle ikakhulukazi ukubambezeleka kokuvunywa nokukhokhwa kwezibonelelo, ukukhwabanisa okungenzeka nenkohlakalo ohlelweni, izindawo zokukhokhelwa ezingenabuntu nezinkulu kakhulu izindleko zokuphatha ekulethweni kwezibonelelo zikahulumeni.

Ngo-2015, ku-R155.3 billion owanikezwa inhlalakahle yomphakathi, u-R53.5 billion waya kwabahola impesheni; U-R47,8 billion wezixhaso zokuxhasa izingane; U-R20.2 billion kwizibonelelo zikahulumeni zokukhubazeka; kanye no-R8.5 billion wokuthola ezinye izibonelelo; nabasele baye ekuphathweni nasekuphathweni.

 Ukusebenza 
NgoJanuwari 2012, iCash Paymaster Services (CPS), engaphansi kweNet1 UEPS Technologies, yanikezwa ithenda leminyaka emihlanu, elingu-R10 billion lokusabalalisa izibonelelo zikahulumeni egameni leSASSA kusukela ngoFebhuwari 2012.Oncintisana naye, u-AllPay, uphonsele inselelo inqubo yokuthengwa kwempahla enkantolo; ngo-2014 iNkantolo Yomthethosisekelo yathola ukuthi izinqubo ezingahlelekile zazilandelwe, futhi ngenxa yalokho yamemezela ukuthi ithenda ayisebenzi, kodwa yamisa lo myalo ukuze ingaphazamisi ukukhokhelwa kwezibonelelo, futhi ivumele i-SASSA ithuba lokuqalisa inqubo entsha yamathenda.

Inyanga ngayinye, uMgcinimafa Kazwelonke ufaka inani eliphelele elizokhokhwa kwi-akhawunti ye-trust yeNedbank. Inzalo etholakele ngalesi sikhathi iya embusweni. Wonke ama-akhawunti omhlomulo agcinwe eGrindrod Bank.

Umamukeli wesibonelelo angakhipha isibonelelo sakhe kunoma iyiphi indawo yokukhokha yakwa-SASSA ezweni lonke, engenayo imali yokukhipha imali, nokuthi isikhulu sakwaNet1 uSerge Belamont sithi siphephe kakhudlwana ngenxa yokuhlolwa kokuphepha kwe-biometric kwizimpawu zeminwe; noma kubathengisi abaqokiwe abanjengoPick n Pay, osebenzisana ne-EasyPay, enye inkampani ephethwe abakwaNet1, ukuvumela lokhu kukhishwa kwemali; noma kuma-ATM.

IMoneyline, enye inkampani yakwaNet1, ihlinzeka ngemali mboleko ukuze inikeze abamukeli. Umoya Manje, nayo engenye inkampani yakwaNet1, ivumela abahlomula ngemali yesibonelelo ukuthi bathenge i-airtime yeselula ngesikweletu.

 Inkinga yezibonelelo 
NgoZibandlela wezi-2014, ithimba elibhekele ongqongqoshe laphetha ngokuthi iSASSA uqobo lwayo kumele ithathe izintambo ekukhokhelweni kwezibonelelo.Ngo-2015, i-SASSA yakhipha ithenda entsha kodwa ayizange yakhetha ukukhetha ukufakwa kwemali ekhokhelwa izibonelelo ngonyaka ka-2017.

Ngonyaka wezimali ka-2015/2016, i-SASSA ibhale izindleko ezingezekile, ezingajwayelekile kwinkontileka ye-CPS yokubhaliswa kabusha kwabahlomuli besibonelelo ngoba izidingo zomthetho beziphikisiwe.

UNgqongqoshe Wezezimali wangaleso sikhathi, uPravin Gordhan weluleka uNgqongqoshe Wezokuthuthukiswa Komphakathi uBathabile Dlamini ukuthi anikeze inkontileka entsha emabhange aseNingizimu Afrika ezentengiselwano kanye nasePosini laseNingizimu Afrika (i-SAPO),kanye nokuhlonza i-forego biometric, okuyisivumelwano esasidinga ukuthi abanye ababengenele amathenda baphikisane nabo. I-CPS. Kodwa-ke, lesi siphakamiso senqatshwa ngenxa yokuthi uhlelo lwebhayomethrikhi lwasusa izimangalo zomgunyathi ezibalelwa ku-R2 billion ngonyaka;ukuthi umsebenzi oqhubekayo wokususa okufakiwe okuyimpinda kungonga omunye u-R2 billion njalo ngonyaka; nokuthi iSAPO yayingenayo ilayisense yasebhange, noma amaposi anele okusabalalisa kahle izibonelelo.UDlamini uzwakalise isifiso sakhe sokuhlala ne-CPS kuze kube i-SASSA ikwazi ukuthatha izintambo, wathi lokhu kubeka engcupheni encane yokuthi i-SASSA yehluleke ukukhokha imali yesibonelelo.Uthe inqubo yokuhambisa izibonelelo nge-SASSA ibiqhubeka kahle, egcizelela ukuthi uMnyango usemaphakathi nohlelo lwezigaba ezine oluzophela ngo-2019 ngokunikezwa kwe-SASSA umthwalo wemfanelo.

UDlamini wathi ngo-2017 wayazi ngo-Okthoba 2016 kuphela ukuthi iSASSA kungenzeka ukuthi yehluleke ukuthatha izinkokhelo zezibonelelo kusukela ngo-Ephreli 2017. 

I-SASSA ilinganisele ukuthi izokhokhela i-CPS imali elinganiselwa ku-R3.5 billion minyaka yonke ngaphansi kwenkontileka evuselelwe, phakathi kuka-52% no-59% ngaphezulu kunalokho ebikade ikwenza. I-SASSA yaphika ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuthi ikwenzile ukulinganisela okunjalo, yabe isithi lokho kwakuwukulungiswa okuhlobene nokwehla kwamandla emali okulula, okwakungelona iqiniso.

UDlamini wayelulekwe ngo-Okthoba 2016 ukuthi i-DSD yaphoqeleka ukuthi ibambe iqhaza kumathenda okuncintisana, ngakho-ke ayikwazanga ukusayina isivumelwano neCPS; waziswa ukuthi inkinga yenkxaso futhi ayisona isizathu sokuqhubeka nokusebenzisa i-CPS, ngoba isimo esiphuthumayo sase sizenzele sona; futhi wathola nombono wezomthetho ovela kummeli omkhulu uWim Trengove wokuthi inkontileka ye-CPS esekhona ayikwazi ukunwetshwa ngokomthetho kwazise iNkantolo Yomthethosisekelo ibisivele ingayisebenzisi ngokusemthethweni.

NgoDisemba 2016, i-SASSA yabuye yalulekwa ukuthi yazise iNkantolo Yomthethosisekelo ngobunzima bayo, "ukuthi ibhekene nethemba elingajwayelekile lokungena enkontilekeni yomunye unyaka ne- [CPS]". I-Ejensi yalinda kwaze kwaba ngumhla zingama-28 kuNhlolanja wezi-2017 ukuze ifake isicelo, esivele yahoxa ngakusasa, isebenzisa incwadi eyayibhalwe ngayizolo.

NgoFebhuwari 2017, i-SASSA yatshela ikomidi lephalamende lezentuthuko yezenhlalakahle ePhalamende ukuthi laliqhamuka nemizamo yokuthola izixazululo zokusebenza zokukhokha izibonelelo zikahulumeni, lathi indlela kuphela yokwenza izinkokhelo zesibonelelo sikahulumeni kusuka ngo-Ephreli ukunamathela kumhlinzeki wesevisi onenkontileka yakhe kuthiwe ayisebenzi.

UZodwa Mvulane wakwa-SASSA utshele iPhalamende ekuqaleni kukaMashi 2017 ukuthi ubunzima bezomthetho obungaphezu kwamandla akhe buyeke i -Agency isikhathi esincane kakhulu sokuqeda i-CPS, wathi "banonyaka kuphela, kusukela ngoSepthemba 2015, wokulungiselela ukuba ngumphathi wenkokhelo" . Kodwa-ke, i-SASSA yaqala ukulungiselela isisombululo se-post-CPS ngoDisemba, "yenza okuncane noma ingenzi lutho kuze kube yileso sikhathi"; ikomiti eliyeluleka ukuthi kuze kube yileso sikhathi belinganakwa iminyaka. Ngenkathi i-SASSA itshela iPhalamende ukuthi ayinasikhathi esanele, ibiphinde yafaka isicelo eNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo ukuthi ngeke idinge i-CPS ngonyaka ngemuva konyaka wezimali ka-2017/2018 — ephikisana nencwadi eyathunyelwa nguDlamini, eyathunyelwa ngomhlaka 2 kuFebhuwari, ethi iCPS ayisadingeki ekupheleni kuka-2019, futhi enye incwadi yathunyelwa ngesonto kamuva yisikhulu esiphezulu se-SASSA uThokozani Magwaza, esathi inkontileka neCPS izosebenza kuze kube nguNovemba 2018 kuphela — zombili ezinde kunonyaka.

IBlack Sash Trust, ngokumelwa yiCentre for Applied Legal Studies, yethule isicelo eNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo, sayicela ukuba iphoqe uDlamini noSASSA ukuthi bathathe izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lwezibonelelo zikahulumeni kanye nabazuzi bayo bavikelekile lapho kuphela isivumelwano seCPS ngomhlaka 31 Mashi.Ngomhlaka 6 Mashi 2017, inkontileka neCash Paymaster Services yavuselelwa, futhi nomyalelo weNkantolo Yomthethosisekelo wokungasebenzi mayelana naleso sivumelwano waphinde wamiswa, wenzela omunye unyaka. INkantolo yabamba ukuthi alikho iqembu “elalinesicelo sokuthola inzuzo ngokuhlaselwa kwamalungelo abantu okusongelwayo” kodwa futhi yaqonda nokuthi iCPS kwakungeke kulindeleke ukuthi ilethe izibonelelo ngokulahlekelwa; ngakho-ke iyalele i-CPS ukuthi iqhubeke nokuletha izibonelelo zikahulumeni ngentengo efanayo eyayiyithole ngo-2012.

INkantolo Yomthethosisekelo ithole ukuthi "abaphathi be-SASSA" bebazi kusukela ngo-Ephreli 2016 ukuthi abakwazanga ukuhambisana nesibopho sabo abasenze eNkantolo phambilini sokuthi bazokwazi ukukhokha izibonelelo zikahulumeni kusuka ngomhlaka 1 Ephreli 2017.INkantolo yoMthethosisekelo ibambe uDlamini ngokuyinhloko ebhekene nale nkinga,noMphathi wamaJaji uMogoeng Mogoeng ethi ayikho incazelo ngokuntula ikhono okwenziwe nguye kanye ne-SASSA.Ngokusho kwesazi somthethosisekelo uPierre de Vos, iNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo ibisiphethe ngokuthi iSASSA noDlamini bebengathenjwa ukuthi benze umsebenzi wabo ogunyazwe ngumthethosisekelo wokuqinisekisa ukulethwa kwezibonelelo zikahulumeni, futhi ngeke bathembeke ukuthi bangaqambi amanga ezinkantolo ngokuzayo.

Phakathi konyaka wezi-2013 kuya kowezi-2017, iDSD yachitha u-R30 million ezindlekweni zokudluliswa kwezomthetho okubandakanya i-SASSA.

 Ukubanjwa okungagunyaziwe 
Ngo-2004, i-DSD yachibiyela iSocial Assistance Act ukuze kungavunyelwa noma ngubani ngaphandle komhlomuli ukuthi adonse imali kwi-akhawunti yakhe. 

Kodwa-ke, izikhalazo eziyi-10,262 mayelana nokudonswa kwemali zenziwa phakathi kuka-Ephreli 2015 noMashi 2016, kanti i-DSD uqobo lwayo yathi "kule minyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu edlule" ibilokhu ilwa nokuholelwa okungekho emthethweni kwezibonelelo zikahulumeni. Ukudonswa kwemali okungagunyaziwe kwafunwa yi-CPS ukukhokhela izimalimboleko zeMoneyline ezingekho, nokuthengiswa kwe-airtime nogesi.

NgoJuni 2016, i-SASSA, iBlack Sash, kanye ne-Association of Community Advice Office (ACAOSA) bavulela abaqondisi be-CPS ne-Grindrod Bank amacala obugebengu, bethi lezi zinkampani zombili zazingasebenzisi imithetho echitshiyelwe ngaphansi koMthetho Wokusiza Komphakathi, okuyizichibiyelo ziphoqe izinkampani ukuthi zingadonsi imali kuma-akhawunti wabazuzi besibonelelo sezenhlalakahle yezinsizakalo zezezimali.Amacala obugebengu amiswa kuze kube u-Okthoba, lapho abakwaNet1 babezocaciselwa yiNkantolo eNkulu ngemithetho.Esitatimendeni esifungelwe esifakwe eNkantolo eNkulu yaseNyakatho neGauteng, uBlack Sash ucele inkantolo ukuthi ivimbe ama-akhawunti esibonelelo sikahulumeni ukuze kuvikelwe abazuzi besibonelelo ekuxhashazweni noma ekuhlukunyezweni, nasekuvikeleni izinkampani ekufuneni abahlomulayo ezindaweni zokukhokha ze-SASSA—izinkambiso iBlack Sash neDSD abasola iNet1 nezinkampani ezingaphansi kwayo ngokuthi bayayikhuthaza. 

 ICentral Drug Authority 
ICentral Drug Authority (CDA) yasungulwa ngonyaka we-1992, ngaphansi kwesigaba 2 se- Prevention and Treatment of the Drug Dependency Act . Imisebenzi yayo esemqoka ukwenza uhlelo lweNational Drug Master Plan; ukweluleka uNgqongqoshe Wezokuthuthukiswa Komphakathi ezindabeni ezithinta ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa nezidakamizwa; kanye nokukhuthaza izindlela eziphathelene nokuvinjelwa nokuncishiswa kwezidakamizwa.

 Ukugxekwa 
Kusukela ngeminyaka yama-1990, izinsizakalo zezenhlalakahle zabelwe u-10% wesabelomali soMnyango jikelele. Ngokusho komcwaningi uLisa Vetten, ukwenyuselwa amaholo kubasebenzi bakahulumeni boMnyango bekuhlale kuphakeme kakhulu kunokwehla kwamandla emali kule minyaka eyi-10 edlule; lokhu kwenyuka kunciphise isabelomali sokuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo, futhi kunciphise nokuxhaswa kwemali emkhakheni wezinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni (NGO). Uthi ukuxhaswa ngemali kudale uhlelo lokunakekelwa olunezinhlangothi ezimbili, lapho izinsizakalo zikahulumeni zinemithombo engcono kakhulu kunezinye zezinhlangano ezizimele. Okunye okwenza isimo sama-NGO sibe sibi ukukhokhelwa kwabo yimixhaso sekwedlule isikhathi.

 Imithombo 
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