IsiCikizi

IsiCikizi inguxa yezezibhangqiwe yamazuba engahleleliswa ukuba yenze uchunge lwezibalonqangi nemigidingo ehluzekile ngenhleleleko. Izicikizi zanamuhla zingenza imigidingo engamaqoqo avamile eyaziwa ngokuthi izinhleleliso. Lezinhleleliso zinikeza isiCikizi igunya lokwenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene. Isimiso sesiCikizi siyisicikizi esiphelele esihlanganisa nezinye izinsiza ezidingekayo, njengehlelomgidingo ukuze sikwazi ukugidinga ngokugcwele. Legama libuye libhekisele eqoqweni leziCikizi ezixhunywe ukuba zisebenze ndawonye, njengoXhoxho lweziCikizi noma isishomo seziCikizi.

Imikhiqizo ehlukile yezezimboni neyabakhozi isebenzisa izicikizi njengezimiso zokulawula. Izilekeleli zenjongo ecacile njengechadaza (microwave oven) nezilawuli kude(remote controls) ziyabalwa, kanjalo nezilekeleli zomkhando ezifana nezithununu zezimboni kanye nomklamo osizwa isicikizi, kuhlanganise nezilekeleli zenjongo ebanzi ezifana nesicikizi somuntu siqu nezilekeleli eziphathwayo (mobile devices) njengoMakhalipha (smartphone). Izicikizi zifukutha uxhakaxholo ngokukhongca izigidigidi zezinye izicikizi nabazisebenzisayo.

Izicikizi zokuqala zazihloselwe ukusetshenziselwa uqaqululo (calculations) kuphela. Izinsiza ezifana ne-abacus sezisize abantu ekwenzeni uqaqululo kusuka endulo. Ekuqaleni kwenguquko yezimboni, izilekeleli zezinguxa zakhiwa ukuze zihleleleke (automate) imisebenzi emide ekhathazayo, njengokuqondisa isifanelo sesilukisi (loom). Izinguxa zamazuba zazenza imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi yoqaqululo lwenzuko (analog calcuations) ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Izinguxa eziqaqululayo zamazuba zezezibhangqiwe zokuqala zakhiwa ngesikhathi sempi yomhlaba yesibili.

 uMsuka wegama

Igama elithi "isicikizi" lisuselwa esenzweni sokucikiza, esinencazelo yokuqala esho "ukubhala", eyesibili isho "ukuhlaziya, ukuxazulula inkinga," njengalapho umuntu ecikiza isibalonqangi sezibalo. Liyafaneleka lelibizo uma  linesiqalo esithi 'isi' ngokwezigaba zamabizo. Umuntu ocikizayo yena uzoba "uMcikizi".

Kubikwa ukuthi izicikizi zokuqala kwakungabantu, ikakhulu abesifazane, kwakuba yibo izicikizi ngoba babeholelwa imali encane kunabesilisa. Cishe ngonyaka we-1943, iningi lezicikizi ezingabantu kwakungabesifazane.

 Computer - isiCikizi
 Compute - UkuCikiza
 Human computer - UmCikizi
 Computation - Umcikizo

 uMlando 

 Ngaphambi kwekhulu lama-20 
Ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka edlule, kuye kwasetshenziswa iziLekeleli ekucikizeni, ikakhulu ukubala ngeminwe. Isilekeleli sokubala sokuqala kungenzeka kwakunguthi lokubala. Kamuva izinsiza zokugcina izibalo kulo lonke elaseMpuma ephakathi zazihlanganisa izingcezu zobumba, okwakubalwa ngazo ukudla okusanhlamvu, imfuyo, ezazigcinea emagobongweni aluhoshoba adikiselwe.


Isihlohlo i-Abacus sasungulelwa ukwenza imisebenzi yezobalonqangi. Isihlohlo saseRoma sathuthukiswa eziklamweni zaseBhabhiloni cishe ngowezi-2400 BCE.

Inguxa i-Antikithera kukholwa ukuba iyisicikizi senzuko esiguxazelayo esaziwayo, ngokuka Derek J. de Solla Price.The Antikythera Mechanism Research Project , The Antikythera Mechanism Research Project. Retrieved 1 July 2007. Lenguxa yayiklanyelwe ukuqaqulula ukuma kwezinkanyezi. Yavubukulwa ngowei-1901 ekuphahlazekeni kwase-Antikithera eduze naseGrisi.

 IsiCikizi sokuqala 

UCharles Babbage, wayengumngcikishi wezinguxanguxa neSazikwasani esaqhamuka nesicabango sesicikizi esihlelelisekwayo. Uthathwa "njengengqalabutho yesiCikizi", uyena owacabanga futhi waqamba isicikizi esiyinguxa sokuqala.

 Izinhlobo 
IziCikizi zingajinjwa ngezindlela ezihlukene, ezihlanganisa elandelayo:

 Ngokwesakhiwo 
 Isicikizi senzuko - analog computer
 Isicikizi sezibhangqiwe - Digital computer
 Isicikizi esxubile - Hybrid computer
 Isakhiwo saseHarvard - Harvard architecture
 Isicikizi semiyalo eyinkiya - Complex instruction set computer
 Isicikizi semiyalo encishisiwe - Reduced instruction set computer

 Ngokobungako, isici nebomu 

 IsiCikizikhulu - Supercomputer
 Isicikizimqoka - Mainframe computer
 Minicomputer (term no longer used), Midrange computer
 Isiphakeli - Server
 Isiphakeli esiyisihlohlo - Rackmount server
 Isiphakeli esiyicembe - Blade server
 Isiphakeli esiludlomothi - Computer tower
 Isicikizi somuntusiqu - Personal computer
 Workstation
 Isicikizi sasekhaya - Home computer (igama elingasasebenzi)
 Isicikizi sesinabalala - Desktop computer
 Isicikizi esiludlomothi - Computer tower
 Slimline desktop
 Isicikizi sokudlala - Gaming computer
 Isicikizi somsubo - All-in-one PC
 Isicikizi esincane - Nettop, Mini PC 
  Isicikizi seschofo - Keyboard computer
 Isicikizi esiphathwayo - Portable computer
 Isilekeleli soxhakaxholo - Internet appliance
 Isicikizi esigonwayo - Laptop computer
 Isicikizi sikamakhalekhukhwini - Mobile computer
 Isicikizi esiyisibhebhe - Tablet computer
 UMakhalipha - Smartphone
 Ultra-mobile PC
 Pocket PC
 Isicikizi sentende - Palmtop PC
 Isicikizi sesandla - Handheld PC
 Isicikizi sasekhukhwini - Pocket computer
 Isicikizi esigqokwayo - Wearable computer
 Isithuba esithatha - Smartwatch
 Izibuko Esithatha - Smartglasses
 Isicikizi soqwembelunye - Single-board computer
 Isicikizi sesiqhaza - Plug computer
 Isicikizi sothi - Stick PC
 Isicikizi engosini - Computer-on-module
 Uhlelo engosini - System on module
 Uhlelo esishuquleni - System in a package
 Uhlelo ezubeleni - System-on-chip (lwaziwa nangokuthi isidludlungi sehlelokusebenza lapho ongekho intandelo yomsakazo)

 Izigcoyi nezinhlelo 

Ibizo elithi izigcoyi lihlanganisa zonke izigcoyi noma izingxenye zesicikizi eziphathekayo nezingokoqobo. Izintandelo, amazubela wesicikizi, amakhadi wezifanekiso, amakhadi womsindo, isikhumbuli, uqwembe olumqoka, izihenqo, izihlinzeki ngamandla, izindophi, amaqwembe wokuqhofoza, izishicileli, nezikhwence okuyiziklamo ezifakwayo, konke lokhu kuyozigcoyi.

 Imithombo 

Category:Ubuchwepheshe