UKuhlolwa kwesifo

Ukuhlolwa kwesifo kusho ukuthola ukuthi yisiphi isifo esihambiselana nezimpawu ezitholakala esigulini. Kuvamise ukubizwa ngokuxilonga  kusetshenziswa ulimi lwezokwelapha olucacile. Ulwazi oludingekayo uma kuxilongwa luvamise ukuthi lutholakale emlandweni kanye nasekuhlolweni komzimba waloyo odinga usizo lokwelashwa. Kujwayelekile ukuthi kusetshenziswe izindlela zokuthola isifo eziningi uma kuhlolwa, kubalwa kuzo ukuhlolwa ngezokwelapha.

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Kwesinye isikhathi ukuxilongwa ngemuva kokufa nakho kuthathwa njengokuxilonga okuhambelana nezokwelapha. Lokhu kuxilonga kuvamise ukubanezingqinamba, ngoba iningi lezimpawu azicaci kahle. Isibonelo ukubabomvu kwesikhumba, nokungaba uphawu lwezifo ezahlukene ngakho ke okumcaciseli umsebenzi wezempilo ukuthi ngabe inkinga ikuphi.

 Inqubo 
Izindlela ezijwayelekile ezikhona ezindleleni ezahlukene kwinqubo yokuxilonga zifaka lokhu:
 Ukuqoqa eminye imniningwano ngeziguli, okungafaka imibuzo ngomlando wezempilo ( ikakhulukazi owabantu abasondelene nesiguli), ukuxilongwa kwesiguli nezinye izindlela zokuhlola izifo.
 Ukuxilonga uhlobo lokuhlola lwezokwelapha olwenziwa njengosizo lokubheka noma ukutholwa kwesifo. Ukuxilonga kungaphinde kusetshenziselwe ukuthola imniningwane yokuqonda abantu abanesifo esesitholakele.
Ukucutshungulwa kwezimpendulo, okutholakele noma eminye imiphumela. Ukuzama ukubonana nabanye abahlinzeki nochwepheshe kulomkhakha. 

Kunezindlela eziningi noma amasu angasetshenziswa enqutshweni  yokuxilonga, nesingabala kuwo ukusebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene zokuhlola, noma ukulandela imithetho eqondile yokwezokwelapha. Empeleni inqubo yokuxilonga ingahlanganisa noma isebenzise izindlela eziningi ezahlukene.

 Ukuxilongwa kwe-Covid-19 
Ukutheleleka ngesifo sekhorona i-COVID-19  kungaxilongwa okwesikhashana ngokubheka izimpawu yize isiqiniseko sitholakala ngokwenza i-Reverse transcription polymer chain reaction (rRT-PCR)  lapho kusetshenziswa uketshezi oluthelelekile noma i- CT imaging.

Ucwaningo lokuqhathaniswa kwe-PCR kwi-CT olwenziwe e-Wuhan luqagula ukuthi i-CT ishesha kakhulu kune-PCR yize ingacacisi kahle ngenxa yokuthi uma kuhlolwa kubonakala iningi lezithombe zezakhi zayo zifana nezinye izifo ezihlotshaniswa nenyumoniya. Kusukela ngo Mbasa ka 2020, ikolishi elibizwa nge-American College of Radiology iluleka ukuthi i-CT ingasetshenziswa ukuhlola umkhuhlane we-COVID-19.

 Ukuhlolwa kwegciwane 
nhlangano yezempilo emlabeni wonke i-WHO ishicilele imthetho emningi ye-RNA yokuhlolela igciwane le-COVID-19, eyokuqala ikhishwe ngomhlaka-17 KuMasingana (Januwari). Lokhu kuhlola kusebenzisa uhlelo olubizwa nge-reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR).

Ukuhlola kungenziwa ngokusetshenziswa kwamasampula okuphefumula noma egazi. Ngokuvamile imiphumela itholakala emahoreni ambalwa kuya ezinsukwini. Ngokujwayelekile lokhu kuhlola kwenziwa ngendukwana yokuhlola ye-nasopharyngeal (nokuyilapho kufakwa indukwana yokuhlola emakhaleni ukuze ibuye noketshezi) kokunye kungasetshenziswa iswaphi yomphimbo. 

Izindawo zoxilongo eziningi kanye nezinkampani ezithuthukisa ukuhlola kwe- serology (nokungukuhlola okusebenzisa uketshezana olungamafutha oluhlukaniseka egazini ngesikhathi igazi liba ngamahlule), nokuveza izivikela mzimba. Kusukela kumhla ka-6 kuMbasa 2020, akukho kulokhu kuhlola osekuqinisekisiwe ukuthi kusebenza ngokwanele ukuthi kungavunyelwa ukusetshenziswa ngokugcwele. EMelika ukuhlola kwe-serology okusungulwe i-Cellex kuvunyelwe ukusetshenziswa ngamalebhu agunyaziwe kuphela nakhona ezimweni eziphuthumayo. 

 Ukuhlola kusetshenziswa izithombe 
Izakhi zezithombe emishinini yokubona ngaphakathi emzimbeni  kanye ne-computed tomography (CT) (uhlobo lwesayensi oluveza  ingaphakathi lomuntu ngokusetshenziswa kwemishini nekhompuyutha) zabantu abanezimpawu kufaka phakathi ukungalingani kokuhlobana kwe-ground glass opacities (nokunguhlobo lwezithombe ze-radiography olunemiphumela engacacile) kanye nokungabikhona kwe-pleural effusions. (ukugcwala kwamanzi emaphashini).

I-Italian Radiological Society ihlanganisa ulwazi lwe-inthenethi lomhlaba wonke ngokuqoqa izithombe zezigameko eziqinisekisiwe. Ngenxa yokuqoqelana nezinye izifo ezifana ne-adenovirus (izifo ezihlobene nezinkinga zokuphefumula), izithombe ezingaqinisekisiwe nge- PCR kazicacisi kahle ukuthi zingaveza i-COVID-19. Ucwaningo olukhulu olwenziwe eShayina  luqhathanise imiphumela yesithombe sesifuba se-CT kuleso se-PCR nokuveze ukuthi yize isithombe se-CT singacacisi kahle ngesifo, kodwa siyashesa ukuveza izithombe, nokwenze kuphakanyiswe yona njengethuluzi lokuhlola  ezindaweni ezihlaselwe ilesi sifo. i-Artificial intelligence(ukuhlakanipha okwakhiwe) kanye nezinhlelo ezibizwa nge-convolutional neural networks kuthuthukisiwe emishinini youkubona ingaphakathi lomzimba[17] kanye nakwi-CT ukuze kukwazi ukuthola izakhi zezithombe zaleli gciwane.