Igama lokuhweba

Igama lokuhweba, igama lokuhweba, noma igama lebhizinisi igama elisetshenziswa yizinkampani ezingafuni ukusebenza ngaphansi kwegama labo elibhalisiwe. Igama lalolu hlobo lwegama elihlukile igama lebhizinisi "eqanjiwe". Ukubhalisa igama elingelona iqiniso nenhlangano kahulumeni efanelekile kuyadingeka kaningi.

Emazweni amaningi, ibinzana elithi "ukuhweba njengoba" (lifushaniswa ku-t / a) lisetshenziselwa ukuqamba igama lokuhweba. IMelika, kusetshenziswe ibinzana elithi "ukwenza ibhizinisi njengoba" (lifushanisiwe ku-DBA, dba, dba noma d / b / a),  phakathi kwabanye, njengegama lebhizinisi elicatshangwe ukuthi  noma igama lebhizinisi elingamanga. California Business and Professions Code Section 17900 et seq. IKhanada, "kusebenza njengoba" (kufushaniswa no-o / a) kanye "nokuhweba njengoba" (kufushaniswa ne-T / A) kuyasetshenziswa, noma "ukwenza ibhizinisi njengoba" kwesinye isikhathi kuyasetshenziswa. 

Inkampani ngokuvamile isebenzisa igama lokuhweba ukwenza ibhizinisi isebenzisa igama elilula kunokuba isebenzise igama labo elisemthethweni nelivame ukwandiswa. Amagama okuhweba asetshenziswa futhi lapho igama elikhethile lingabhaliswa, imvamisa ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi selivele libhalisiwe noma lifana kakhulu negama elibhalisiwe.

 Izici zomthetho 
Amagama ebhizinisi aqanjiwe awakhi izinhlaka zomthetho ezihlukile. Umehluko phakathi kwegama elisemthethweni elibhalisiwe negama lebhizinisi eliqanjiwe, noma igama lokuhweba, kubalulekile ngoba amagama ebhizinisi aqanjiwe kungenzeka angahloniphi njalo ibhizinisi elibhekene ngokusemthethweni. Izivumelwano zomthetho ezifana nezinkontileka zivame ukwenziwa kusetshenziswa igama elisemthethweni lebhizinisi; futhi igama elisemthethweni kufanele lisebenzise noma nini lapho umuntu emangalela noma elethwa amacala.

EsiNgisini, amagama okuhweba ngokuvamile aphathwa njengezibizo ezifanele. Gary Blake and Robert W. Bly, The Elements of Technical Writing, pg. 57. New York: Macmillan Publishers, 1993. 

 ngo izwe 

 IKhanada 
Kweminye imithetho yaseCanada, njenge-Ontario, lapho usomabhizinisi ebhala igama lokuhweba kwisivumelwano, invoice, noma isheke, kumele futhi afake igama elisemthethweni lebhizinisi. 

Izinkampani ezinenombolo zivame ukusebenza njengento engeyona igama lazo elisemthethweni, elingaqondakali emphakathini.

 ITshile 
ITshile, igama lokuhweba laziwa njengegama lokure de fantasía ('iphupho' noma igama elithi 'oqanjiwe'), futhi igama elisemthethweni lebhizinisi libizwa ngokuthi i-razón social (igama lomphakathi).

 IBrazili 
IBrazili, igama lokuhweba laziwa njenge-fantasia enhle, futhi igama elisemthethweni lebhizinisi libizwa ngokuthi i-razão social.

 IJaphani 
IJaphani, igama elithi yazō (屋 号) liyasetshenziswa.

 Singapore 
Singapore, asikho isidingo sokugcwaliswa kwegama "lokuhweba njengegama", kepha kunezidingo zokudalulwa kwebhizinisi eliyisisekelo noma igama lenkampani elibhalisiwe nenombolo yebhizinisi ehlukile. 

 Umbuso Ohlangeneyo 
Umbuso Ohlangeneyo, asikho isidingo sokugcwaliswa kwegama "lokuhweba njengegama", kepha kunezidingo zokudalulwa kwegama langempela lomnikazi kanye nemikhawulo ethile ekusetshenzisweni kwamagama athile. Companies House Booklet GP1, Chapter 10

 IMelika 
Izidlanzana zemibuso yase-U.S, kufaka phakathi iWashington, zisasebenzisa igama elithi ukuhweba ukubhekisela "ekwenzeni ibhizinisi njengamagama" (i-DBA) amagama; Washington State Department of Licensing FAQ: Trade name registration  Ezindaweni eziningi zase-U.S., Amabhuku ama-DBA asemthethweni asetshenziswa kwamanye amagama; cishe ingxenye yezifunda, njengeNew York ne-Oregon, zisebenzisa igama elithi Assume Business Igama noma Igama Elaziwa Ngegama; Oregon Business Information Center FAQ from the Oregon Secretary of State Cishe abaningi, njengePennsylvania, basebenzisa igama elaziwa ngokuthi yi-Fictitious Name. 

Ngenhloso yokuvikelwa kwabathengi, izindawo eziningi zaseMelika zidinga amabhizinisi asebenza ngamagama aqanjiwe ukufaka isitatimende se-DBA, yize amagama afaka igama lokuqala nelokugcina lomnikazi angamukelwa.  Lokhu futhi kunciphisa ukuthi kungenzeka kwamabhizinisi amabili endawo asebenza ngaphansi kwegama elifanayo, yize ezinye izinkantolo zinganikezeli ubizo lwegama, noma kungavumela iqembu elingaphezu kwelilodwa ukubhalisa igama elifanayo. Qaphela, noma kunjalo, lokhu akuyona indawo yokufaka isicelo sophawu lwentengiso. Ukugcwaliswa kwe-DBA akukho samba esemthethweni ekumiseni amalungelo wophawu lwentengiso.  E-U.S., Uphawu lwentengiso lutholakala ngokusetshenziswa kwezentengiso, kepha kungaba nezinzuzo ezinkulu ekugcwalisweni kwesicelo sophawu lwentengiso.  Abaphathi be-Sole ngabasebenzisi abavame kakhulu be-DBAs. Abahlinzeki beSole bangabanikazi bamabhizinisi ngamanye abaqhuba amabhizinisi abo ngokwabo, futhi bavame ukuba babe mancane kumdlalo wamabhizinisi amancane. [Kucashunwa edingekayo] Njengoba abantu abaningi kulezi zimo besebenzisa igama lebhizinisi ngaphandle kwegama labo, [kucashunwa edingekayo] kaningi kuyadingeka bazitholele ama-DBA.

Ngokuvamile, i-DBA kufanele ibhaliswe kuhulumeni wasekhaya noma wombuso, noma bobabili, ngokuya ngomthetho. Isibonelo, California, Texas Virginia zidinga ukuthi kubhaliswe i-DBA nedolobha ngalinye (noma idolobha elizimele esimweni seVirginia) lapho umnikazi enza ibhizinisi khona. IMaryland neColorado zinama-DBA abhaliswe ne-ejensi yombuso. Futhi iVirginia idinga ukuthi izinkampani nezinhlangano ezizimele zifake ikhophi yokubhaliswa kwazo ne-County noma idolobha ukuze zibhaliswe ne-State Corporation Commission.

Izitatimende ze-DBA zivame ukusetshenziswa ngokubambisana ne-franchise. Ozimele uzoba negama elingokomthetho elingase limangalele bese limangalela, kodwa liqhube ibhizinisi ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo le-franchiser (umphakathi olwaluzolwamukela). Ngo-4th 261 (2001), lapho ummangalelwa owaziwa ngegama, iRRL Corporation, wayengumthengisi wezimoto weLexus enza ibhizinisi njenge- "Lexus of Westminster", kodwa asala eyibhizinisi elisemthethweni elihlukile kwi-Lexus, uqhekeko lweToyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc.

California, ukufaka isitatimende se-DBA kudinga futhi ukuthi kushicilelwe igama lesibhengezo kumaphephandaba endawo isikhathi esithile esibekiwe ukwazisa umphakathi ngenhloso yomnikazi wokusebenza ngaphansi kwegama elibanjiwe. Inhloso yomthetho ukuvikela umphakathi enkohlakalweni, ngokuphoqa umnikazi webhizinisi ukuthi aqale afake noma abhalise igama lakhe lebhizinisi eliyimfihlo nonobhala wesifunda, bese enza irekhodi lomphakathi ngokuwushicilela ephephandabeni.  Ezinye izifundazwe eziningi, ezinjenge-Illinois, nazo zidinga izaziso zokuphrinta. 

 Izinkomba