埃克曼输送

埃克曼输送是指风引起的海水流動。風吹拂表层海水時海面會被施加摩擦力，从而牵引上层10-100米厚的水体随之运动。但由于受科里奥利力的影响，即海水在运动时会受到与运动方向呈90°夹角的力作用，导致水体运动方向与风向产生偏角。输运方向取决于所在半球：北半球水体运动方向沿风向顺时针偏转，南半球则逆时针偏转Colling, pp 42-44。这一现象最早由弗里乔夫·南森记录，他在1890年代的北极探险中发现冰层移动方向与风向存在夹角。
參考文獻
 Colling, A., Ocean Circulation, Open University Course Team. Second Edition. 2001. 
 Emerson, Steven R.; Hedges, John I. (2017). Chemical Oceanography and the Marine Carbon Cycle. New York, United States of America: Cambridge University Press. .
 Knauss, J.A., Introduction to Physical Oceanography, Waveland Press. Second Edition. 2005. 
 Lindstrom, Eric J. "Ocean Motion : Definition : Wind Driven Surface Currents - Upwelling and Downwelling". oceanmotion.org.
 Mann, K.H. and Lazier J.R., Dynamics of Marine Ecosystems, Blackwell Publishing. Third Edition. 2006. 
 Miller, Charles B.; Wheeler, Patricia A. Biological Oceanography (Second ed.). Wiley-Blackwell. .
 Pond, S. and Pickard, G. L., Introductory Dynamical Oceanography, Pergamon Press. Second edition. 1983. 
 Sarmiento, Jorge L.; Gruber, Nicolas (2006). Ocean biogeochemical dynamics. Princeton University Press. .
 Sverdrup, K.A., Duxbury, A.C., Duxbury, A.B., An Introduction to The World's Oceans, McGraw-Hill. Eighth Edition. 2005. 
Category:傳輸現象
Category:潜水物理学
Category:流体动力学
Category:海洋学
Category:水域生态学