2013年航天活动列表

2013年，全球有多款运载火箭完成首飞。2013年4月13日，軌道科學公司的安塔瑞斯运载火箭（编号为A-ONE）进行了首次太空飞行。轨道科学公司还发射了其第一艘航天器天鹅座号货运飞船，并于2013年9月底与国际空间站对接。

2013年共尝试了81次轨道发射，其中77次成功，一次部分成功，三次失败。这一年，国际空间站宇航员还进行了11次舱外活动。今年大部分轨道发射是由俄罗斯、美国和中国进行的，分别进行了31次、19次和15次发射。

 概述 
印度空间研究组织发射了该国首个火星任务——“曼加里安号”火星轨道器，它于2014年9月23日成功进入绕火轨道

2013年，无人航天领域发生了许多重大里程碑，包括12月14日中国嫦娥三号着陆器成功着陆月球雨海；这是中国航天器首次尝试在地外表面实现软着陆，并首次获得成功，这也是继1976年前苏联的月球24号后首个在月球表面软着陆的探测器。

2013年共进行了五次载人轨道发射，全部成功，共将15名宇航员送入轨道。其中四次飞行是由俄罗斯联盟号飞船进行的（联盟TMA-08M、联盟TMA-09M、联盟TMA-10M和联盟TMA-11M），一次是由中国神舟载人飞船进行的（神舟十号）。

 轨道发射 

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January
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February
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March
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April
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May
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June
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July
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August
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September
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October
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November
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December
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 亚轨道发射 

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 深空机动 

日期 (UTC)航天器事件备注16 FebruaryCassini 90th flyby of TitanClosest approach: .9 MarchCassini 4th flyby of RheaClosest approach: . Last Cassini flyby of Rhea.5 AprilCassini 91st flyby of TitanClosest approach: .12 AprilCassini Flyby of PolydeucesClosest approach: .23 MayCassini 92nd flyby of TitanClosest approach: .10 JulyCassini 93rd flyby of TitanClosest approach: .26 JulyCassini 94th flyby of TitanClosest approach: .12 SeptemberCassini 95th flyby of TitanClosest approach: .6 OctoberLADEEInjection into Selenocentric orbit Preliminary orbit was  x , inclined 157 deg to the equator.9 OctoberJuno Flyby of EarthGravity assist, closest approach: .13 OctoberCassini 96th flyby of TitanClosest approach: .30 NovemberCassini 97th flyby of TitanClosest approach: .6 DecemberChang'e 3Injection into Selenocentric orbit Preliminary orbit was , reduced to  on 10 December.14 DecemberChang'e 3Landing at Mare ImbriumFirst Chinese lunar soft lander and rover, coordinates .28 DecemberMars ExpressFlyby of PhobosClosest approach: .

 舱外活动 

 轨道发射统计 

 按国家（区域） 
就本章节的主旨而言，每次航天飞行所属的国家以火箭的原产国为准，而不是发射服务提供商或发射场所在国。例如，西欧阿丽亚娜空间公司在南美洲圭亚那航天中心发射的联盟号火箭应视作俄罗斯的发射，因为联盟2号是俄罗斯火箭。

国家（区域）发射数成功数失败数部分失败数备注1514105500330033001100俄罗斯提供协助312821包括阿丽亚娜空间公司从圭亚那航天中心发射的两次欧洲联盟号火箭。4400191900总计817731

 按火箭 

By family
 Family Country Launches Successes Failures Partial failures RemarksAngara                   1   1  0  0 Antares                        2   2  0  0  Maiden flightAriane                   4   4  0  0 Atlas                     8   8  0  0 Delta                     3   3  0  0 Epsilon                        1   1  0  0  Maiden flightFalcon                   3   3  0  0 H-II                       2   2  0  0 Kuaizhou                                        1   1  0  0  Maiden flightLong March          14  13  1  0 Minotaur               2   2  0  0 Pegasus                        1   1  0  0 PSLV             3   3  0  0 R-7                        16  16  0  0 R-36                             2   2  0  0 Universal Rocket                               15  13  1  1 Vega                              1   1  0  0 Zenit                     2   1  1  0 

By type
 Rocket Country Family Launches Successes Failures Partial failures RemarksAntares 100    Antares  2  2  0  0  Maiden flightAriane 5      Ariane  4  4  0  0 Atlas V      Atlas   8   8  0  0 Delta IV      Delta   3   3  0  0 Dnepr      R-36   2   2  0  0  Epsilon        Epsilon  1  1  0  0  Maiden flightFalcon 9          Falcon  3  3  0  0  H-IIA         H-II  1  1  0  0 H-IIB         H-II  1  1  0  0 Kuaizhou 1      Kuaizhou  1  1  0  0  Maiden flightLong March 2              Long March        5  5  0  0 Long March 3              Long March        3  3  0  0 Long March 4              Long March        6  5  1  0 Minotaur I    Minotaur  1  1  0  0 Minotaur V    Minotaur  1  1  0  0 Naro                        /   Angara  1  1  0  0  Final flightPegasus                          Pegasus  1   1  0  0 PSLV                PSLV              3  3  0  0 Proton                      Universal Rocket   10   9  1  0 Soyuz                        R-7          8   8   0   0 Soyuz-2                          R-7          8   8   0   0 UR-100                 Universal Rocket  5 4  0  1 Vega                                Vega        1   1  0  0  Zenit                       Zenit    2  1  1  0  

By configuration
 Rocket Country Type Launches Successes Failures Partial failures RemarksAntares 110            Antares  2  2  0  0  Maiden flightAriane 5 ECA            Ariane 5  3  3  0  0 Ariane 5 ES             Ariane 5  1  1  0  0 Atlas V 401              Atlas V   5   5  0  0 Atlas V 501              Atlas V   1   1  0  0 Atlas V 531              Atlas V   1   1  0  0 Atlas V 551              Atlas V   1   1  0  0 Delta IV Medium+ (5,4)    Delta IV  2  2  0  0 Delta IV Heavy                            Delta IV  1  1  0  0 Dnepr                      Dnepr  2  2  0  0 Epsilon                  Epsilon  1  1  0  0  Maiden flightFalcon 9 v1.0                             Falcon 9  1  1  0  0  Final flightFalcon 9 v1.1                             Falcon 9  2  2  0  0  Maiden flightH-IIA 202                  H-IIA  1  1  0  0 H-IIB                                     H-IIB  1  1  0  0 Kuaizhou 1                Kuaizhou 1  1  1  0  0  Maiden flightLong March 2C                             Long March 2  2  2  0  0 Long March 2D                             Long March 2  2  2  0  0 Long March 2F                             Long March 2  1  1  0  0  Long March 3B/E             Long March 3  3  3  0  0 Long March 4B                             Long March 4  2  1  1  0 Long March 4C                             Long March 4  4  4  0  0 Minotaur I                                Minotaur I  1  1  0  0 Minotaur V                                Minotaur V  1  1  0  0  Maiden flightNaro-1                                   /   Naro    1   1  0  0   Final flightPegasus-XL               Pegasus   1   1  0  0 PSLV-CA                 PSLV    1  1  0  0 PSLV-XL                 PSLV    2  2  0  0 Proton-M / Briz-M               Proton    9  9  0  0 Proton-M / Blok DM-03                                      Proton    1  0  1  0 Rokot / Briz-KM      UR-100  4  3  0  1 Soyuz-2.1a    Soyuz-2  1  1  0  0 Soyuz-2.1a / Fregat-M    Soyuz-2  1  1  0  0 Soyuz-2.1b    Soyuz-2  2  2  0  0 Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat-M    Soyuz-2  1  1  0  0 Soyuz ST-B / Fregat-MT    Soyuz-2   2   2   0   0 Soyuz-2-1v / Volga    Soyuz-2  1  1  0  0  Maiden flightSoyuz-FG                  Soyuz  4  4  0  0 Soyuz-U                   Soyuz   4  4  0  0 Strela    UR-100  1   1  0  0 Vega        Vega   1   1  0  0  Zenit-3SL                 Zenit  1  0  1  0 Zenit-3SLB                Zenit  1  1  0  0 

 按发射场 

 Site Country Launches Successes Failures Partial failures RemarksBaikonur                           23  22  1  0 Cape Canaveral        10  10  0  0 Dombarovsky                        2   2  0  0 Kourou                              7   7  0  0 Jiuquan                 7   7  0  0 MARS                    4   4  0  0 Naro                                  1   1  0  0 Ocean Odyssey            International waters   1   0  1  0 Plesetsk                            7   6  0  1 Satish Dhawan                3   3  0  0 Tanegashima                    2   2  0  0 Taiyuan                 5   4  1  0 Uchinoura                        1   1  0  0 Vandenberg                    5   5  0  0 Includes Pegasus-XL launch whose carrier aircraft took off from VandenbergXichang                 3   3  0  0 Total                                                                           81  77  3  1 

 按轨道 

 Orbital regime Launches  Failures Accidentallyachieved RemarksTransatmospheric                                                                           0   0  0  0 Low Earth                                                             48  47  1  0 12 to ISS, 1 to Tiangong-1  Medium Earth / Molniya                           4   3  1  0   Geosynchronous / GTO          24  23  1  0  High Earth / Lunar transfer                3   3  0  0 MOM was initially placed in a highly elliptical Earth orbit and performed Trans-Mars injection under its own power Heliocentric / Planetary transfer       2   2  0  0  Total                                                                                                81  78  3  0 

 参考 

 引用 

Category:2013年航天
Category:航天年表