2004年航天活動列表

本文概述了2004年航天领域发生的重大事件，包括主要发射和舱外活动。

2004年创下了全球航天轨道发射次数的极小值，仅有54次。上一个比2004年发射次数更低的年份则要追溯至1961年（50次），当时人类首次进入太空。2004年后截至目前的年份，发射次数也均高于当年。

 首次私人资助的载人航天飞行 
太空船一号（X0）的15P号飞行是首次私人资助的载人航天飞行。它于2004年6月21日进行。这是Tier One计划的第四次动力试飞，前三次试飞的高度都低得多。这次飞行只搭载了飞行员迈克·梅尔维尔，他因此成为第一位非政府宇航员。

 德尔塔-4重型运载火箭首飞 

2004年12月21日，德尔塔-4重型运载火箭首次发射，携带了模拟载荷，发射任务以部分失败告终。液氧推进剂管线中的空化导致两个助推器提前八秒关闭，核心发动机提前九秒关闭；这导致一二级分离时速度过低，第二级无法补偿。最终载荷被留在比预期更低的轨道上。

 轨道发射 

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January
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February
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March
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April
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May
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June
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July
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August
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September
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October
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November
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December
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深空机动

日期 (UTC)	航天器事件备注2 January  Stardust  Flyby of 81P/Wild (Wild 2)  Dust collection (samples returned to Earth in 2006)3 January  Spirit  Landing on Mars  Gusev Crater24 January  Opportunity  Landing on Mars  Meridiani Planum4 February  Ulysses  2nd flyby of Jupiter 19 May  Hayabusa  Flyby of the Earth 11 June  Cassini  Flyby of Phoebe  Closest approach: 1 July  Cassini  First orbiter of Saturn  Saturnian orbit injection8 September  Genesis  Capsule crash-landing on Earth   of solar sample aboard26 October  Cassini  Flyby of Titan  Closest approach: 15 November  SMART-1  Selenocentric orbit injection  First European Lunar mission13 December  Cassini  Flyby of Titan  Closest approach: 

 舱外活动 

 轨道发射统计 

 按国家（区域） 

 国家（区域） 发射数 成功数 失败数 部分失败数 备注            8   8   0   0            3   3   0   0       1   1   0   0             1   0   1   0          18  18   0   0           7   5   0   2          16  15   0   1   总计  54  50   1   3 

按火箭

By family
 Family Country Launches Successes Failures Partial failures Remarks Ariane     3   3   0   0  Atlas       6   6   0   0  Delta       8   7   0   1  GSLV     1   1   0   0  Long March     8   8   0   0  Minotaur     1   1   0   0  R-7           8   8   0   0  R-14               2   2   0   0  R-36               3   2   0   1  Shavit                   1   0   1   0  Titan       1   1   0   0  Universal Rocket                  8   8   0   0  Zenit       4   3   0   1 

By type
 Rocket Country Family Launches Successes Failures Partial failures Remarks Ariane 5                Ariane   3   3   0   0  Atlas II                Atlas    4   4   0   0  Final flight Atlas III               Atlas   1   1   0   0  Atlas V                 Atlas   1   1   0   0  Delta II                Delta   7   7   0   0  Delta IV                Delta   1   0   0   1  Dnepr    R-36    1   1   0   0  GSLV    GSLV   1   1   0   0  Kosmos    R-14   2   2   0   0  Long March 2            Long March   5   5   0   0  Long March 3    Long March   1   1   0   0  Long March 4    Long March   2   2   0   0  Molniya-M               R-7      1   1   0   0  Proton-K                Universal Rocket   4   4   0   0  Proton-M                Universal Rocket   4   4   0   0  Shavit                  Shavit             1   0   1   0  Soyuz-U                 R-7      5   5   0   0  Soyuz-FG                R-7      2   2   0   0  Taurus       Minotaur   1   1   0   0  Titan IV                Titan     1   1   0   0  Tsyklon                 R-36   2   1   0   1  Zenit    Zenit   4   3   0   1 

By configuration
 Rocket Country Type Launches Successes Failures Partial failures Remarks Ariane 5G+      Ariane 5    3   3   0   0 Maiden and final flights Atlas IIAS    Atlas II    4   4   0   0 Final flight Atlas IIIA              Atlas III   1   1   0   0 Final flight Atlas V 521       Atlas V     1   1   0   0  Final flight Delta II 7320            Delta II    1   1   0   0  Delta II 7920            Delta II    1   1   0   0  Delta II 7920-10L        Delta II    1   1   0   0  Delta II 7925            Delta II    3   3   0   0  Delta II 7925H           Delta II    1   1   0   0  Delta IV Heavy                    Delta IV    1   0   0   1 Maiden flight Dnepr              Dnepr       1   1   0   0  GSLV Mk I    GSLV   1   1   0   0  Kosmos-3M                         Kosmos      2   2   0   0  Long March 2C                     Long March 2   4   4   0   0  Long March 2D                     Long March 2   1   1   0   0  Long March 3A                     Long March 3   1   1   0   0  Long March 4B                     Long March 4   2   2   0   0  Molniya-M                         Molniya-M   1   1   0   0  Proton-K / DM-2    Proton-K   4   4   0   0  Proton-M / Briz-M    Proton-M   4   4   0   0  Shavit-1                   Shavit      1   0   1   0  Soyuz-U                           Soyuz-U     5   5   0   0  Soyuz-FG                          Soyuz-FG    2   2   0   0  Taurus 3120            Taurus      1   1   0   0  Titan IV-B (402B) / IUS    Titan IV   1   1   0   0  Tsyklon-2                         Tsyklon     1   1   0   0  Tsyklon-3                         Tsyklon     1   0   0   1  Zenit-2                           Zenit       1   1   0   0  Zenit-3SL                         Zenit       3   2   0   1 

按发射场

SiteCountryLaunchesSuccessesFailuresPartial failuresRemarks Baikonur                       17  17   0   0  Cape Canaveral    13  12   0   1  Jiuquan             3   3   0   0  Kourou                          3   3   0   0  Ocean Odyssey               International   3   2   0   1  Palmachim                         1   0   1   0  Plesetsk                        5   4   0   1  Satish Dhawan            1   1   0   0  Taiyuan             3   3   0   0  Vandenberg                3   3   0   0  Xichang             2   2   0   0 Total                                                                        54  50   1   3 

按轨道

 Orbital regime Launches  Failures Accidentallyachieved RemarksTransatmospheric                                                                           0   0  0  0 Low Earth                                                             23  22  1  0 6 to ISS Medium Earth / Molniya                           5   5  0  2   Geosynchronous / GTO          23  21  2  0  High Earth / Lunar transfer                1   1  0  0  Heliocentric / Planetary transfer       2   2  0  0 Total                                                                                                54  51  3  2 

 参考 

 脚注 


Category:航天年表