大黎巴嫩國

大黎巴嫩國（），又譯大黎巴嫩州或大黎巴嫩邦（）通稱大黎巴嫩（），是於1920年至1926年間，属於法屬敘利亞及黎巴嫩託管地下的一個自治國家，1926年脫離敘利亞聯邦改隸為黎巴嫩共和國（）。

 背景 
 起源 

在1861年，歐洲國家與鄂圖曼帝國談判通過，同意在帝國的地方成立黎巴嫩山穆塔薩勒夫領，來保護當地的基督徒人口。到一次大戰過後，該穆塔薩勒夫領與其他周邊分區合併，成為大黎巴嫩國，面積多了大概一倍。

 詞源 
“大黎巴嫩”（）首先由黎巴嫩學者 Bulus Nujaym 和 Albert Naccache 在1919年巴黎和會期間提出。

Nujaym 曾經在1908年出版了很受歡迎的書本《La question du Liban》（黎巴嫩問題），該書的550頁中提出了成立大黎巴嫩國的理由，認為擴大版圖是對黎巴嫩的經濟穩定有必要。

 巴黎和會 

在巴黎和會期間，黎巴嫩由馬龍尼的牧首 Elias Peter Hoayek 代表，他在1919年10月27日和會裏提出了建議，希望擴大黎巴嫩山穆塔薩勒夫領的範圍。雖然這些地區並非主要由基督徒聚居，但他仍認為這些地方是黎巴嫩的自然一部分: "Since the turn of the century, however, the Maronites had pressed for the extension of this small Lebanese territory to what they argued were its natural and historical boundaries: it would then include the coastal towns of Tripoli, Beirut, Sidon and Tyre and their respective hinterlands, which belonged to the Vilayet of Beirut; and the fertile valley of the Bekaa (the four Kazas, or administrtative districts, of Baalbek, the Bekaa, Rashayya and Hasbayya), which belonged to the Vilayet of Damascus. According to the Maronite argument, this 'Greater Lebanon' had always had a special social and historical character, different from that of its surroundings, which made it necessary and indeed imperative for France to help establish it as an independent state. While France had strong sympathies for the Maronites, the French government did not support their demands without reserve. In Mount Lebanon, the Maronites had formed a clear majority of the population. In a 'Greater Lebanon', they were bound to be outnumbered by the Muslims of the coastal towns and their hinterlands, and by those of the Bekaa valley; and all the Christian communities together, in a 'Greater Lebanon', could at best amount to a bare majority. The Maronites, however, were insistent in their demands. Their secular and clerical leaders had pressed for them during the war years among the Allied powers, not excluding the United States."。該提議有部分是基於穆塔薩勒夫領有一半人口因而喪失，而當地教會希望擴大的版圖能夠更有效地為居民提供食糧Harris 2012, pp. 173–174。擴大的地區包含了的黎波里、貝魯特、賽達、和推羅這幾個大城市，和他們的周邊地區。

參見
 敘利亞及黎巴嫩託管地

 參考文獻 

Category:前法國殖民地
Category:黎巴嫩歷史政權