须蚁属

须蚁属（学名：Pogonomyrmex）台译毛收割家蚁属，主要分布在北美洲、中美洲和南美洲的沙漠中，其中蚁种为海地的特有种。 

 描述 
“Pogonomyrmex”是由“pogono-”和“myrmex”两个词组成的，前者译为“有胡须的”，后者则为“蚂蚁”的意思，即译为“长了胡子的蚂蚁”。胡须是为了在搬运种子时能更好地固定住种子，避免球形的种子滑动而进化出来的。

 毒液 
Pogonomyrmex工蚁的毒液是所有昆虫中毒性最强的，而其中的马里科帕须蚁（）又是迄今为止检测出毒性最强的，12次攻擊便可殺死一只2公斤的老鼠。  仅为 0.12毫克/千克，而西方蜜蜂的毒液为 2.8mg/kg，与眼镜蛇毒液相当。这种毒液被认为是一种反脊椎动物的防御手段，特别是针对那些进化出选择性以它们为食的捕食者，比如角蜥属的物种。很少有昆虫的毒液毒性经过正式测试，而其他昆虫的毒液可能更强效。

 巢穴 
该属蚂蚁的巢穴位于很深的地方，其中有许多巢室，它们在里面保存种子，从中为幼虫获取食物。大多数须蚁巢穴周围区域往往完全没有植被，从远处就很容易看到。

 狩猎 
除了角蜥之外，属的蜂类会捕食须蚁，但它们只以Pogonomyrmex的工蚁为食，它们用毒液使工蜂麻痹，然后将它们带回洞穴，作为黄蜂幼虫的食物。

 物种 
截至 2014年，该属现存物种有 69种，1种化石物种。
Pogonomyrmex abdominalis Santschi, 1929
Pogonomyrmex andinus Kusnezov, 1951
  Pogonomyrmex anergismus' Cole, 1954Pogonomyrmex angustus Mayr, 1870
  Pogonomyrmex anzensis Cole, 1968
  Pogonomyrmex apache Wheeler, 1902Pogonomyrmex atratus Santschi, 1922
 栗红须蚁 Pogonomyrmex badius (Latreille, 1802)
 红胡须蚁 Pogonomyrmex barbatus (Smith, 1858)
  Pogonomyrmex bicolor Cole, 1968
  Pogonomyrmex bigbendensis Francke & Merickel, 1982Pogonomyrmex bispinosus (Spinola, 1851)Pogonomyrmex brevibarbis Emery, 1906
 短刺须蚁 Pogonomyrmex brevispinosus Cole, 1968
 布鲁赫须蚁 Pogonomyrmex bruchi Forel, 1913
  Pogonomyrmex californicus (Buckley, 1866)Pogonomyrmex carbonarius Mayr, 1868Pogonomyrmex catanlilensis Gallardo, 1931Pogonomyrmex coarctatus Mayr, 1868
 科尔须蚁 Pogonomyrmex colei Snelling, 1982
 科曼奇须蚁 Pogonomyrmex comanche Wheeler, 1902Pogonomyrmex cunicularius Mayr, 1887
 荒漠须蚁 Pogonomyrmex desertorum Wheeler, 1902
 † Pogonomyrmex fossilis Carpenter, 1930
 危地马拉须蚁 Pogonomyrmex guatemaltecus Wheeler, 1914
 荷氏须蚁 Pogonomyrmex hoelldobleri Johnson, Overson & Moreau, 2013Johnson, R. A., et al. (2013). A new species of seed-harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex hoelldobleri (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), from the Mohave and Sonoran Deserts of North America. Zootaxa 3646(3), 201-27.
 华楚卡须蚁 Pogonomyrmex huachucanus Wheeler, 1914
 肿背须蚁 Pogonomyrmex humerotumidus Vásquez-Bolaños & Mackay, 2004
 无须须蚁 Pogonomyrmex imberbiculus Wheeler, 1902Pogonomyrmex inermis Forel, 1914
 库兹涅佐夫须蚁 Pogonomyrmex kusnezovi Cuezzo & Claver, 2009Cuezzo, F. and S. Claver. (2009). Two new species of the ant genus Pogonomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Argentina.  Rev. Soc. Entomol. Argent 68(1-2), 97-106.Pogonomyrmex laevigatus Santschi, 1921
 亮结须蚁 Pogonomyrmex laevinodis Snelling, 1982
 宽头须蚁 Pogonomyrmex laticeps Santschi, 1922Pogonomyrmex lobatus Santschi, 1921Pogonomyrmex longibarbis Gallardo, 1931
 大眼须蚁 Pogonomyrmex magnacanthus Cole, 1968
 马库斯须蚁 Pogonomyrmex marcusi Kusnezov, 1951
  Pogonomyrmex maricopa Wheeler, 1914Pogonomyrmex mayri Forel, 1899Pogonomyrmex mendozanus Cuezzo & Claver, 2009Pogonomyrmex meridionalis Kusnezov, 1951Pogonomyrmex micans Forel, 1914
 莫哈维须蚁 Pogonomyrmex mohavensis Johnson & Overson, 2009Johnson, R. A. and R. P. Overson. (2009). A new North american species of Pogonomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the Mohave Desert of eastern California and western Nevada. Journal of Hymenptera Research 18(2), 305-14.
 山栖须蚁 Pogonomyrmex montanus MacKay, 1980Pogonomyrmex naegelii Emery, 1878
 美西须蚁 Pogonomyrmex occidentalis (Cresson, 1865)Pogonomyrmex odoratus Kusnezov, 1949
 皮马须蚁 Pogonomyrmex pima Wheeler, 1909Pogonomyrmex pronotalis Santschi, 1922Pogonomyrmex rastratus Mayr, 1868
 罗纹须蚁 Pogonomyrmex rugosus Emery, 1895
 盐地须蚁 Pogonomyrmex salinus Olsen, 1934Pogonomyrmex saucius Wheeler & Mann, 1914
 斯内林须蚁 Pogonomyrmex snellingi Taber, 1998Pogonomyrmex stefani Lattke, 2006Lattke, J. E. (2006). A new species of Pogonomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from gallery forests of the Orinoco Watershed, Venezuela. Myrmecologische Nachrichten 8, 53-57.Pogonomyrmex striatinodus Fernández & Palacio, 1998
 柄突须蚁 Pogonomyrmex subdentatus Mayr, 1870
 微亮须蚁 Pogonomyrmex subnitidus Emery, 1895Pogonomyrmex sylvestris Lattke, 1991Pogonomyrmex tenuipubens Santschi, 1936
 细刺须蚁 Pogonomyrmex tenuispinus Forel, 1914
 德州须蚁 Pogonomyrmex texanus Francke & Merickel, 1982
 特蕾西娅须蚁 Pogonomyrmex theresiae Forel, 1899
 乌拉圭须蚁 Pogonomyrmex uruguayensis Mayr, 1887
 异纹须蚁 Pogonomyrmex variabilis Santschi, 1916
 蠕纹须蚁 Pogonomyrmex vermiculatus Emery, 1906
 惠勒须蚁 Pogonomyrmex wheeleri'' Olsen, 1934


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Category:南美膜翅目
Category:使用生物多样性栏目的条目