黑尾長耳大野兔

黑尾長耳大野兔（學名：Lepus californicus）又稱黑尾傑克兔（），是美國西部與墨西哥北部常見的一種野兔，體長約60公分，重1.4—2.7公斤；雌兔體型大於雄兔Whitaker, John O. Jr.; Hamilton, William J. Jr. 1998. Mammals of the Eastern United States. Cornell University Press. 189-92. 。本種為北美原生分布最廣的野兔，東至密蘇里州，南至墨西哥下加利福尼亞與薩卡特卡斯州，現分布範圍正往北美大平原東部擴張，並已被人為引入美國東部多地Dunn, John P.; Chapman, Joseph A.; Marsh, Rex E. (1982). "Jackrabbits: Lepus californicus and allies" in Chapman, J. A.; Feldhamer, G. A. (eds.) Wild mammals of North America: biology, management and economics. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press. 。黑尾長耳大野兔下已有17種亞種被描述，但此數目可能過多，有學者以外型特徵將本種分為兩大亞種，分別為洛磯山脈與科羅拉多河以西的L. c. californicus與以東的L. c. texianus。

黑尾長耳大野兔分布的環境多樣，包括草地、灌木叢、耕地、濃密常綠闊葉灌叢、、沙漠、落葉林與針葉林等Bell, M. M.; Studinski, G. H. (1972). "Habitat manipulation and its relationship to avian and small rodent populations on the Descanso District of the Cleveland National Forest". U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MTGiusti, Gregory A.; Schmidt, Robert H.; Timm, Robert M.; et al. (1992). "The lagomorphs: rabbits, hares, and pika". In: Silvicultural approaches to animal damage management in Pacific Northwest forests. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-287. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station: pp. 289–307. 。本種不會遷徙，亦無冬眠行為；以環境中的多種植物為食，為多種猛禽Grubb, Teryl G.; Kennedy, Charles E. (1982). "Bald eagle winter habitat on southwestern National Forests". Res. Pap. RM-237. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment StationJanes, Stewart W. (1985). "Habitat selection in raptorial birds", pp. 159–188 in Cody, Martin L. (ed.) Habitat selection in birds. Academic Press Inc. 與野貓、野狗、郊狼、短尾貓、加拿大猞猁、赤狐、灰狐與美洲獾等多種掠食者的重要獵物。人類捕獵本種的目的一般為避免莊稼被破壞或休閒之用，而非為食用Dunn, John P.; Chapman, Joseph A.; Marsh, Rex E. (1982). "Jackrabbits: Lepus californicus and allies" in Chapman, J. A.; Feldhamer, G. A. (eds.) Wild mammals of North America: biology, management and economics. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press. 。

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參考文獻

Category:兔屬
Category:墨西哥哺乳動物
Category:美國哺乳動物
Category:1837年描述的動物
Category:约翰·爱德华·格雷命名的分类单元