唐米語

唐米语，也称为Thāmī、Thangmi Kham、Thangmi Wakhe、Thani，是一种汉藏语言，由尼泊尔中东部的唐米人使用。唐米人将他们的语言称为 Thangmi Kham 或 Thangmi Wakhe，而尼泊尔其他地区则将其称为 Thāmī。然而，这些使用者中的大多数居住在尼泊尔的传统故乡多拉卡区(Dolakha)以及大吉岭。唐米语使用天城文字母书写。马克·图林（Mark Turin）对唐米语进行了广泛记录。

 分布 
唐米语主要在巴格马蒂省的多拉卡地区、赛隆科拉（拉梅恰普县北部狭长地带，主要在格库尔甘加）的村庄、辛杜帕尔乔克县东部地区使用，部分移居到加德满都谷地城市的老年人也讲这种语言。

在多拉卡 (Dolakha) 和辛杜帕尔科克 (Sindhupalcok) 地区以外，很少有塔米族人讲唐米语。

 分类 
唐米语似乎与尼泊尔的其他语言有很多相似之处。例如，巴拉姆语（Barām），基兰特语（Kiranti），尼瓦尔语（Newar） 语。Konow (1909)、Shafer (1966)、Stein (1970)、Toba (1990)、van Driem (1992) 和 Turin 的研究表明，唐米语与拉伊语（Rai）和尼瓦尔语（Newar）密切相关。

 文法 
唐米语英语代词gaiI第一人称单数niwe第一人称复数naɳyou第二人称单数niɳyou第二人称复数tohe, she, it第三人称单数tobaɳthey第三人称复数

 方言 
唐米语由两种方言组成，即多拉克区（Dolakhā 东部）和辛杜帕尔乔克县（Sindhupālchok 西部）。它们在音系、名词和动词形态以及词汇方面有所不同。大多数唐米语人口使用 Dolakhā 方言，而只有少数人使用 Sindhupālcok。Dolakhā 方言提供了更完整的动词一致系统，而 Sindhupālcok 方言的名词形态则更复杂。

相互关系英语DolakhāSindhupālchokyounger brotherhucalaca huyounger sisterhumicamaica hufather's eldest brotherjekhapajhya?apafather's younger brotherucyapapacyufather's eldest sisterninijhya?amafather's younger sisterninininimother's eldest brotherpalampalammother's younger brothermalammoumother's eldest sisterjekhamajhya?amamother's younger sistermacyuphus?ama

 唐米歌曲 
唐米人拥有丰富的文化和传统。语言是他们身份的重要组成部分，他们通过文化（主要是音乐）来表达自己的语言。尼泊尔唐米人协会 (NTS) 创作了几首唐米歌曲，这些歌曲于 2007 年录制。歌词由 Singh Bahadur Thami、Devendra Thami 和 Lok Bahadur Thami 创作。以下是一些示例：







 比较词汇 
以下 210 个单词的列表涵盖五种唐米方言，来自 Regmi 等人（2014年）。Regmi, Dan Raj, Gopal Thakur, and Shobha Kumari Mahato. 2014. A sociolinguistic survey of Thami . Linguistic Survey of Nepal (LinSuN), Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.涵盖的方言包括：
多拉卡区巴布雷（Babre） VDC
多拉卡区拉皮浪（Lapilang） VDC
多拉卡区苏斯帕·克沙玛瓦蒂（Suspa Kshamavati） VDC
拉梅恰普区（Ramechhap）达杜洼（Daduwa） VDC
辛杜帕尔乔克县（Sindhupalchok）乔卡蒂（Chokati） VDC
还提供了 Kansakar (2010)Kansakar, Tej Ratna. 2010. Baram wordlist . (unpublished ms. contributed to STEDT). 中的巴拉姆语（Baram）的词汇以供比较。

 词义  Babre  Lapilang  Suspa Kshamavati Daduwa  Chokati  Baram body mɑŋ  mɑŋ  mɑŋ  mɑŋ  jiu  aŋ (IA loan) head kɑpu  kɑpu  kɑpu  kɑpu  kɑpu  kəpu hair cimyɑŋ  cimeŋ  cimeŋ  mus  mus  sjam face kʰen  kʰen  kʰen  kʰen  kʰen  mik eye mese  mese  mesek  mese  mese  mik ear kulnɑ  kulnɑ  kulnɑ  kulnɑ  kulŋɑ  kuna nose ciŋɑ  ciŋyɑ  ciŋɑ  cĩyɑ̃  ciyɑ̃  cina mouth uɡo  uɡo  uɡo  ogo  ogo  anam teeth suwɑ  suwɑ  suwɑ  suwɑ  suwɑ  swa tongue cile  cile  cile  cile  cile  ce le breast cucu  cyucyu  cucu  nunu  cucu  nənu belly bɑŋkɑl  bɑŋkɑl  bɑŋkɑl  bʌŋɡʌl  bʌŋɡɑl  ujaŋ arm/hand lɑʔ  lɑʔ  lɑk  lɑ  lɑ  hit elbow uru  ɽuŋ  uru  uru  kuino  kuina (IA loan) palm oilyɑ  lɑʔ  lɑk  pɑti  lɑ  lapʈa finger cʰumpi  cʰumpi  cumpi  cyukuri  cukuri  əŋla (IA loan) fingernail pin  pin  pin  pin  pin  luŋdziŋ leg konʈe  konʈe  konʈe  konʈe  lɑi  undzik skin ʃebi  ʃebi  ʃebi  ʃebi  ʃebi  chala (IA loan) bone koʃɑ  koʃɑ  koʃɑ  koʃyɑ  koʃyɑ  haɖ (IA loan) heart loŋse  loŋse  loŋsek  loŋse  loŋse  muʈu (IA loan) blood cɑi  cɑi  cɑi  cʌi  cʌi  cihui urine uʃi  uʃi  uʃi  uʃi  uʃi  ci feces kuɽi  kuɽi  kiɽi  kuɽi  kili  ku village rɑɽe  dese  dese  dese  dese  hannuŋ (IA loan) house nem  nem  nem  nem  nem  nam roof cʰɑnɑ  cʰɑnɑ  pɑli  pɑli  cʰɑnɑ  chano door kʰɑɽoŋ  kʰɑɽuŋ  kʰɑɽo  kʰʌɽu  kʰɑɽu  ɖhoka (IA loan) firewood seŋ  seŋ  seŋ  seŋ  seŋ  siŋ broom tʰope  tʰope  tʰope  tʰope  tʰope  astuŋ mortar yɑmbɑʔ  lokmɑŋ  lokmɑŋ  ʈim  luŋ  siləuʈo (IA loan) pestle ulum  lok  ulum  ulum  loɦoro  lohoro hammer ʈʰokʈʰokyɑ  ʈʰokʈʰokyɑ  ʈʰokʈʰoke  ʈʰukʈʰukiɑ  ʈʰokʈʰokyɑ  hətəuɖo (IA loan) knife ɑikucɑ  ɑikucɑ  ɑikucɑ  kɑrdɑ  cʌkku  ukhmen axe rɑpɑ  rɑpɑ  rɑpɑ  rɑʔpɑ  rɑpɑ  kəm rope ʃɑkpɑ  ʃɑkpɑ  ʃɑkpɑ  ʃyɑpɑ  ɖɑmlɑ  ɖori (IA loan) thread dʰɑɡo  sɑle  benɑ  ʃyɑpɑ  dʰɑgo  ləkthun needle ɦili  ɦili  yuli  yuli  ɦuli  pənuŋ cloth myuŋ  miŋmyɑŋ  myuŋ  myũ  myuŋ  mu ring sɑimundro  sɑimundro  sɑimundro  ʌŋɡuliŋ  ʌũʈʰi  əŋʈhi (IA loan) sun uni  uni  uni  uni  uni  uni moon cʌlʌuni  cʌlʌuni  cʌlʌuni  cʌlɑʔuni  cʌlɑuni  cəlauni sky sʌrɡyɑ  sʌrɡyɑ  sʌrɡe  sʌrɡe  ʌkɑs  akas (IA loan) star ucʰi  ucʰi  ucʰi  ucʰi  ucʰi  tara (IA loan) rain pɑŋku  pɑŋkuyusɑ  jʰʌriuɑn  ʃyɑrde  jʰɑri  aŋmət water pɑŋku  pɑŋku  pɑŋku  pʌŋku  pɑŋku  awa river ʃoŋ  ʃoŋ  ʃoŋ  ʃoŋ  ʃoŋ  gudul cloud dʰummɑ  kʰɑʃu  kʰɑsu  dʰummɑ  dʰumpɑ  a mu lightning mirlisidu  sʌrɡyɑtowɑn  mirliksɑ  miklik  gʌɽɑŋguɽuŋtʰɑ  – rainbow indreni  indreni  indreni  lʌrkuni  indreni  indreni (IA loan) wind pʰɑʃɑ  pʰɑʃɑ  pʰɑʃɑ  pʰɑʃyɑ  pʰɑʃyɑ  asi stone ɽiŋ  ɽiŋ  liŋ  ɽiŋ  lyuŋ  kumba path ulɑm  ulɑm  ulɑm  ulɑm  ulɑm  uŋma sand pʰɑʃeɽiŋ  kʰreʔduɽiŋ  jɑŋkʰɑ  syɑŋɖo  bʌluwɑ  balwa (IA loan) fire me  me  me  me  me  mui smoke ɑsku  ɑsku  ɑsku  ɑcʰɑ  dʰuwɑ̃tʰɑn  isku ash tɑrbɑ  trɑbɑ  trɑbɑ  trɑbɑ  tɑbrɑ  maju mud nɑsɑ  nɑsɑ  nɑsɑ  nɑsɑ  nɑsɑ  nəsa dust pʰɑʃe  pʰɑsse  dʰule  buʃi  dʰulo  dhulo gold sun  loŋ  luŋ  ɡoɦo  sun  sun (IA loan) tree doŋbo  duŋbo  dombo  pole  ruk  sjaŋma leaf ɑjɑ  ɑjɑ  ɑjɑ  ɑjɑ  ɑjɑ  su root pole  pole  nɑrɑ  dɑrɑ  jɑrɑ  dzəra thorn puʈu  puʈu  puʈu  puʈu  puʈu  achu flower reŋ  reŋ  reŋ  reŋ  reŋ  phul (IA loan) fruit pʰɑlpʰul  pʰɑlpʰul  pʰɑlpʰul  kʌntʰʌmʌl  pʰɑlpʰul  phalphul (IA loan) mango ɑ̃p  ɑ̃p  ɑmcur  ɑ̃p  ɑ̃p  əmba (IA loan) banana muĩ  mui  muĩ  muĩ  mui  umse wheat (husked) jɑʔcʰo  jɑʔcʰo  jɑkso  jɑcʰo  jɑʔcʰo  gəu barley ɑkɑn  ɑkɑn  ɑkɑn  ɑkɑn  ɑkɑn  dzəu rice (husked) jɑke  jɑki  jɑke  meke  jɑke  hadza potato kwɑi  kwɑi  kwɑi  kwɑi  koi  alu (IA loan) eggplant bɑnʈɑ  bɑnʈɑ  bʰenʈɑ  bʌnʈɑ  bʰẽɽi  bhənʈa (IA loan) groundnut bʌdɑm  bʌdɑm  bʌdɑm  bʌdɑm  bʌdɑm  bədam (IA loan) chili mɑrci  mʌrci  mɑrci  ɑso  kʰorsɑni  asok turmeric ɦʌrdi  ɦʌrdi  ɦʌrdi  besɑr  besɑr  besar (IA loan) garlic lʌsun  lʌsun  lʌsun  lʌmbo  lʌsun  ləsun (IA loan) onion pyɑj  pyɑj  pyɑj  pyɑj  pyɑj  pjadz (IA loan) cauliflower reŋkopi  reŋkopi  kopi  kɑuli  kɑuli  kauli (IA loan) tomato bɑnʈɑ  ɡyɑmbɑlɑ  ɡɑmbʌl  bʌnʈɑ  golbʰẽɽɑ  golbhẽɖa (IA loan) cabbage ɑjɑkopi  ɑjɑkopi  bʌndɑ  bʌndɑ  bʌndɑ  bənda (IA loan) oil ɑsɑ  ɑsɑ  ɑsɑ  ɑsɑ  ɑsɑ  asa salt cʰyɑ  cʰyɑ  cʰɑ  cʰyɑ  cʰɑ  cha meat cici  cici  cici  ɑcʰin  cici  ku sja fat (of meat) cʰeu  cʰou  cʰeu  cʰo  cʰyʌu  kucho fish nɑŋɑ  nɑŋɑ  nɑŋɑ  nɑŋɑ  nɑŋɑ  nəŋa chicken wɑcɑ  wɑcɑ  wɑcɑ  wɑcɑ  wɑcɑ  hocca egg om  ɑɦum  ɑɦum  ɑum  ɑum  ohom cow mɑmɑʃyɑ  mɑmɑʃyɑ  mɑmɑʃyɑ  ʃyɑ  ʃyɑ  sja buffalo meʃɑ  meʃɑ  meʃɑ  meʃyɑ  miʃyɑ  bhəisi (IA loan) milk olon  olon  olʌn  nunu  nunu  nənu horns nɑru  nɑru  nɑru  nɑru  nɑru  ujuŋ tail lime  lime  limek  leme  lime  pitik goat ʈuɽi  ʈuɽi  ʈuɽi  culi  culi  mi chja dog kucu  kucu  kucu  kucu  kucu  a kja snake rul  rul  rul  rul  rul  pəi hu monkey mɑkɑr  mɑkɑr  mɑkɑr  yu  yu  pəi huk mosquito ʈinini  ʈinini  ʈinini  lʌkʰʌʈoʈo  lɑmkʰuʈʈe  lamkhuʈʈe (IA loan) ant ʈiko  ʈiku  ʈiku  cukku  cuku  anap spider mɑkɑrpɑpɑ  mɑkɑrpɑpɑ  mɑkɑrpɑpɑ  jrɑmpʰɑl  jʌrɑmpɑl  dzənna name nɑme  nɑme  nɑme  nɑme  nɑme  u men man mi  mi  mi  mi  mi  bal woman cɑmɑicɑ  cɑmɑicɑ  cɑmɑicɑ  cɑmɑicɑ  cɑmɑicɑ  mama child ɦocɑ  ucɑ  ɦucɑ  ɦuccɑ  ɦucɑ  uca father ɑpɑ  ɑpɑ  ɑpɑ  ɑpɑ  ɑpɑ  papa mother ɑmɑ  ɑmɑ  ɑmɑ  ɑmɑ  ɑmɑ  ama (IA loan) older brother bubu  bubu  bubu  bubu  bubu  dadze (IA loan) younger brother ɦu  ɦu  ɦu  ɦu  ɦu  ale older sister tete  tete  tete  tete  tete  didi (IA loan) younger sister ɦumi  ɦomi  ɦumi  ɦumi  ɦu  abi son cɑ  cɑ  cɑ  cɑ  cɑ  ucuwa daughter cɑmɑi  cɑmɑi  cɑmɑi  cɑmɑi  cɑmɑi  ucuməi husband lɑwɑ  ʈʰoɽe  lɑwɑ  lɑwɑ  lɑwɑ  ukəi wife umɑ  umɑ  umɑ  umɑ  umɑ  uməi boy ʃɑrɑ  ʃɑrɑ  cɑɦucɑ  ʃɑrɑ  cɑ  papaca girl ʃɑrmɑ  ʃɑrmɑ  cɑmɑicɑ  ʃyɑrmi  cɑmɑi  mamaca day unise  unise  unise  ʃyɑŋ  unise  unis night ʈɑɦe  ʈɑɦe  ʈɑe  cyɑe  cyɑ  rat (IA loan) morning bʌcinʈe  bʌcinʈe  bʌsinʈe  bʌsinʈe  bɑʃe  hamdzaŋ noon unise  unise  unise  unise  unise  diuso (IA loan) evening ŋyoɽiŋ  ŋyoɽi  ŋyʌɽiŋ  nyõɽi  cyɑtʰɑn  hole yesterday miryɑŋ  miryɑŋ  miryɑŋ  merɡʰyɑŋ  merɡʰyɑŋ  minja today yɑŋ  yɑŋ  yɑŋ  yɑŋ  yɑŋ  təja tomorrow bɑʈʈʰe  bɑʈʈʰe  bɑʈʰe  bɑʃe  bʰʌĩse  hogei week ɦʌptɑ  ɦʌptɑ  ɦʌptɑ  loʔʃyɑŋ  sɑtɑdin  həpta (IA loan) month mʌinɑ  mʌinɑ  mʌɦine  sumcpʃyɑŋ  mʌinɑ  məina (IA loan) year kɑle  kɑle  kɑle  dɑrɑ  bʌrsʌ  bərsə (IA loan) old kʰɑru  kʰɑru  kʰɑru  kʰɑru  kʰɑru  cəŋpa new nɑke  nɑke  nɑkɑ  nɑkɑ  nɑkɑ  kawoi good ɑprɑ  ɑprɑ  ɑprɑ  kʌstɑ  ɑprɑ  kisen bad mɑʔɑprɑ  mɑʔɑprɑ  ɦijebɑ  mɑjɑdu  mɑʔɑprɑ  məsen wet pʰodu  pʰodu  pʰodu  pʰodu  bʰijɑiŋɑn  kjasun dry ɡɑŋdu  mɑpʰodu  pʰʌŋpʰʌŋ  gʌŋdu  mɑbʰijɑi  sukhkha (IA loan) long ʌlʌmɡɑ  ʌlʌmɡɑ  ʌlʌmɡɑ  ʌlʌmɡɑ  ʌlʌmɡɑ  alok short ucʰiɡɑ  ucʰiɡɑ  ucʰikɑ  ucʰiɡɑ  ucʰiɡɑ  ikuri hot ɑdum  ɑdum  ɑdum  ɑdum  ɑdum  kewon cold ʈilɑ  ʈilɑ  ɑjik  iji  cilɑŋɑn  kjasun right cɑkʰur  cɑkʰur  cɑkʰur  cɑkʰur  dɑɦine  daine (IA loan) left kʰolɑ  kʰolɑ  kʰolɑ  kʰolɑ  debre  debre (IA loan) near kʰer  kʰer  kʰerte  kʰereŋ  cʰeute  igin far ʌlʌmtʰɑ  ʌlʌmtʰɑ  ʌlʌmtʰɑ  ʌlʌmtʰɑ  ɑlɑmtʰɑ  kalok big jekʰɑ  jekʰɑ  jekʰɑ  jekʰɑ  jʰokɑ  alam small ucyɑ  ucyɑ  ucɑcɑ  ucyɑncɑ  ecenɑ  ikine heavy ɡʌruŋ  ɡʌruŋ  ɡɑnunidu  gʌrum  ɡʌruŋ  gegruŋ (IA loan) light ɦʌluŋ  ɦʌluŋ  pʰinpʰincɑ  ɦʌluŋ  ɦʌluŋ  həlka (IA loan) above ɦyute  ɦyute  ɦyute  ɦyute  ɦyobbi  khuŋ below nʰɑte  nʰɑte  nʰɑte  nʰɑnɑi  nɑbi  hjaŋ white ubo  ubo  ubo  ubo  obo  gjabo black kiji  kiji  kiji  kiji  kiji  ciliŋ red ɖiŋɖiŋ  ɖiŋɖiŋ  ɖiŋɖiŋ  ɖiŋɖiŋ  keret  phəija one di  di  di  di  de  de two nis  nis  nis  nis  nis  nis three sum  sum  sum  sum  sum  som four oli  oli  oli  oli  wɑli  car (IA loan) five wɑlŋɑ  wɑlŋɑ  wɑlŋɑ  wɑ̃lɑ  hwɑlŋɑ  pãc (IA loan) six mɑt  mɑt  mɑt  mʌt  mɑt  chə (IA loan) seven rɑ  rɑ  ro  lo  ɽo  sat (IA loan) eight lɑ  lɑ  lɑ  lɑ  lɑ  aʈh (IA loan) nine kit  kit  kyut  kit  kit  nəu ten dicip  dicip  dicip  dicip  dʰicip  dəs eleven dicipdi  dicipdi  dicipdi  dicipdi  dʰicipde  egharə twelve dicipnis  dicipnis  dicipnis  dicipnis  dʰicipnis  barə twenty nisdicip  nisdicip  nisdicip  nisdicip  nisdʰicip  bis one hundred dicipdicip  dicipdicip  dicipdicip  dicipdicip  dʰicipdʰicip  de səe (IA loan) who su  su  su  su  su  su what ɦɑrɑ  ɦɑrɑ  ɦɑrɑ  ɦɑrɑ  ɦɑrɑ  hai where kutɑ  kutɑ  kutɑ  kutɑ  kutɑ  kuni when kutɑleŋ  kutɑleŋ  kutɑleŋ  kutɑleŋ  ɦɑŋgɑlyɑŋ  kəile how many ɦɑni  ɦɑni  ɦɑni  ɦɑ̃lĩ  ɦɑi  kwa which kundu  kundu  kundu  kundu  kundu  kun this kɑ  kɑ  kɑ  kɑ  kɑ  jo that to  to  to  dʰɑ  to  tjo these kɑbɑŋ  kɑbɑŋ  kɑbɑŋ  kʌpʌliŋ  kɑbɑli  jibaŋ those tobɑŋ  tobɑŋ  tobɑŋ  topʌliŋ  tobɑŋ  ubaŋ same to  to  to  to  to  ui different bʰindʌi  bʰindʌi  beɡɑle  toŋɑkɑ  pʰʌrʌk  phərək (IA loan) whole sɑkkʰɑle  sɑkʰɑle  sɑkɑle  sɑkɑle  sʌkkʰɑli  səbəi (IA loan) broken kwɑdu  kwɑʔdu  kwɑɡdu  ʈʰemɑn  cʰyomdu  kipak few ucʰincɑ  ucʰincɑ  ucʰin  ucʰincɑ  icʰini  jurse many ɑɦe  ɑɦe  ɑɦe  ɑɦe  ɑɦe  dherəi (IA loan) all sɑkkʰɑle  sɑkʰɑle  sɑkɑle  sɑkɑle  sʌkkʰɑli  səpəi (IA loan) eat cyɑsɑ  cyɑsɑ  cyɑsɑ  cyɑsɑ  cyɑsɑ  cago bite ceʔsɑ  ceʔsɑ  ceksɑ  ceʔsɑ  ceʔsɑ  aŋakko hungry krɑisɑ  krɑisɑ  kʌrɑisɑ  krʌisɑ  isɑkɑrɑinɑn  hego drink tunsɑ  tunsɑ  tunsɑ  tuncʰɑ  tuncʰɑ  sjaŋgo thirsty lɑkɑisɑ  lɑkɑisɑ  lɑkɑsɑ  lɑkɑŋsɑ  lɑkɑinɑn  əs kago sleep ɑmisɑ  ɑmisɑ  ɑmisɑ  ɑmisɑ  ɑmisɑ  nago lie pʌlʈʌisisɑ  pʌlʈʌisisɑ  pʌlʈʌisɑ  bliŋsɑ  pʌlʈʌisisɑ  ləllumgo sit ɦoʔsɑ  ɦoʔsɑ  ɦoksɑ  ɦoʔsɑ  ɦoʔsɑ  hukko give piʔsɑ  piʔsɑ  pisɑ  piʔsɑ  piccʰɑ  pigo burn cieʔsɑ  jousɑ  jyoksɑ  joʔsɑ  jyʌusɑ  cimakko die sisɑ  sisɑ  sisɑ  sisɑ  sisɑ  sigo kill sɑtcʰɑ  sɑtcʰɑ  sɑtcʰɑ  sʌtcʰɑ  sɑccʰɑ  sat ko fly persɑ  persɑ  persɑ  persɑ  persɑ  ublego walk cɑwɑsɑ  cɑwɑsɑ  cɑwɑsɑ  cɑwɑsɑ  cɑwɑsɑ  dzjogo run droʔsɑ  droʔsɑ  droksɑ  droʔsɑ  dorʌsɑ  gəbango go ɦensɑ  ɦensɑ  ɦensɑ  ɦensɑ  ɦensɑ  jago come rɑʔsɑ  rɑʔsɑ  rɑsɑ  rɑʔsɑ  rɑʔsɑ  təigo speak cijyɑŋsɑ  cijyɑŋsɑ  cijyɑŋsɑ  cijyɑŋsɑ  cijɑŋsɑ  khəlago hear/listen nɑsɑisɑ  nɑsɑisɑ  nɑsɑisɑ  nɑsɑisɑ  nɑsɑisɑ  nago look yoʔsɑ  yoʔsɑ  yosɑ  jyɑpsɑ  jyɑpsɑ  ni go I ɡɑi  ɡɑi  ɡɑi  ɡʌi  ɡɑi  ŋa you (informal) nɑŋ  nɑŋ  nɑŋ  nʌŋ  nɑŋ  nuŋ you (formal) nɑŋtʰe  nɑŋtʰe  nɑŋkʰe  nʌŋ  nɑŋ  nuŋ he to  to  to  to  to  u (IA loan) she to  to  to  to  to  u we (inclusive) ni  ni  ni  ni  tʰe  niru we (exclusive) ni  ni  ni  ni  tʰe  niru you (plural) niŋpɑli  niŋpɑli  niŋ  nʌŋpɑliŋ  nʌŋpɑli  tibaŋ they tobɑŋ  tobɑŋ  tobɑŋ  topɑliŋ  topɑliŋ  ubaŋ

 參考文獻 

 延伸阅读 
. 2012.

 Saxena, A. (Ed.). (2004). Himalayan languages: past and present (Vol. 149). Walter de Gruyter.


Shneiderman, S. B. (2009). Rituals of ethnicity: Migration, mixture, and the making of Thangmi identity across Himalayan borders (Doctoral dissertation, Cornell University).
Sara, S. (2015). Epilogue: Thami ke ho?What Is Thami?. In, Rituals of Ethnicity : Thangmi Identities Between Nepal and India (p. 252). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Sara, S. (2015). 3. Origin Myths and Myths of Originality. In, Rituals of Ethnicity : Thangmi Identities Between Nepal and India (p. 61). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Grierson, G. A. (1909). Tibeto-Burman Family: General Introduction, Specimens of the Tibetan Dialects, the Himalayan Dialects, and the North Assam group. (Linguistic Survey of India, III(I).) Calcutta: Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing. 669pp.
Shneiderman, S. (2010). ‘Producing’ Thangmi Ritual Texts: Practice, performance and collaboration. In Imogen Gunn and Mark Turin (eds.) Language Documentation and Description, Vol 8, 159–174 London: SOAS. 
Turin, M. (2011). Languages of the Greater Himalayan Region, Volume 6: A Grammar of the Thangmi Language (2 vols): With an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture. Brill.

 外部链接 
OLAC resources in and about the Thangmi language 
 http://www.digitalhimalaya.com/collections/music/rengpatangko/ 
http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/4838 

Category:藏语群
Category:尼泊尔语言