收获蚁属

收获蚁属（学名：Messor）又称收割家蚁属，是蚁科、切叶蚁亚科的一个属，该属有着100多个成员，命名方式源自罗马神话中的农作物和收获之神梅索尔（Messor）。地下群落通常分布在空旷的田野和路边附近，开口直接通向地面。

该属物种的群落可达到很大的规模，并以其设计精巧的粮仓而闻名。在粮仓中，种子被储存在干燥的环境中，以防止发芽。收获蚁的结构巢穴非常复杂，总体而言，该属物种有着很强大的建筑能力。

收获蚁有很多种分化，并且具有独特的大头特化，它们的作用是搬运种子以及开种子。虽然它们主要以种子为食，但偶尔也会吃虫肉。一些蜗牛壳可能因为其形状像谷物而被带入巢穴。 

收获蚁具有坚韧、光滑的几丁质外骨骼。行动缓慢，形成长长的携带种子的通道。收获蚁往往是单后制的，一个群落仅由一位蚁后建立，但在人为的环境下，收获蚁可以变成多后群落，但这会有择后的风险（蚁群选举最强的蚁后，弱的蚁后将被处死）。

以沙地收获蚁（Messor arenarius）为例，与其他类型的收割蚁一样，它们在寻找食物来源时会释放追踪信息素，并在个体层面上进行操作。 

 下属物种属物种 
该属包括一下物种：

 阿氏收获蚁 Messor abdelazizi Santschi, 1921
针毛收获蚁 Messor aciculatus (Smith, 1874)
上海收获蚁 Messor aciculatus subsp. risianus
埃及收获蚁 Messor aegyptiacus (Emery, 1878)
 亞歷山大收穫蟻 Messor alexandri Tohme, 1981 亞氏收穫蚁
 Messor mediorubra
 安氏收穫蟻 Messor andrei (Mayr, 1886)
角收获蚁 Messor angularis Santschi, 1928 小肯尼亚收获蚁
 Messor antennatus Emery, 1908
 Messor aphaenogasteroides Pisarski, 1967
 Messor aralocaspius Ruzsky, 1902
沙地收获蚁 Messor arenarius (Fabricius, 1787)
沙地收获蚁阿氏亚种 Messor arenarius alfierii Santschi,1938
 沙地收获蚁恶魔亚种 Messor arenarius subsp. diabolus Santschi,1938
 沙地收获蚁底比斯亚种 Messor arenarius subsp. thebaicus Santschi,1912
 Messor atanassovii Atanassov, 1982
 野蠻收穫蚁 Messor barbarus (Linnaeus, 1767) 原生收获蚁、芭芭拉收获蚁
 野蛮收获蚁五倍子亚种 Messor barbarus gallaoides Santschi, 1929
 野蛮收获蚁光滑亚种 Messor barbarus politus Karavaiev, 1912
 野蛮收获蚁血胸亚种 Messor barbarus mediosanguineus Donisthorpe, 1946
 野蛮收获蚁萨氏亚种 Messor barbarus sahlbergi  Forel,1913
 野蛮收获蚁桑氏亚种 Messor barbarus santschii Emery,1908
 Messor beduinus Emery, 1922
 Messor berbericus Bernard, 1955
 Messor bernardi Cagniant, 1967
 布氏收穫蚁 Messor bouvieri Bondroit, 1918
 Messor buettikeri Collingwood, 1985
 Messor caducus (Victor, 1839)
 开普敦收获蚁 Messor capensis (Mayr, 1862)
 Messor plinii
 大頭收穫蟻 Messor capitatus (Latreille, 1798)
 Messor carthaginensis Bernard, 1980
 Messor caviceps (Forel, 1902)
 Messor celiae Reyes, 1985
 巨首收穫蟻 Messor cephalotes (Emery, 1895) 肯尼亚收获蚁
 Messor ceresis Santschi, 1934
 Messor chamberlini Wheeler, 1915
 Messor clypeatus Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927
 Messor muticus (Nylander, 1849)
 科氏收穫蟻 Messor collingwoodi Bolton, 1982
 同色收穫蚁 Messor concolor Santschi, 1927
 Messor decipiens Santschi, 1917
 齿收穫蟻 Messor dentatus Santschi, 1927
 Messor denticornis Forel, 1910
 Messor denticulatus Santschi, 1927
 Messor arcistriatus
 Messor diabarensis Arnol'di, 1969
 Messor ebeninus Santschi, 1927
 Messor hesperius Santschi, 1927
移动收获蚁 Messor excursionis Ruzsky, 1905
 Messor excursionis alaschanicus Ruzsky, 1915
 Messor excursionis fraternus Ruzsky, 1905
 Messor excursionis sillemi Stärcke, 1935
 Messor ferreri Collingwood, 1993
 Messor foreli Santschi, 1923
 Messor fraternus Ruzsky, 1905
没食子收获蚁 Messor galla (Mayr, 1904)
 Messor ebininus Santschi
希伯来收获蚁 Messor hebraeus Santschi, 1927
 Messor hellenius Agosti & Collingwood, 1987
 Messor himalayanus (Forel, 1902)
 Messor hispanicus Santschi, 1919
伊比利收穫蟻 Messor ibericus Santschi, 1931
 Messor incisus Stitz, 1923
 Messor incorruptus Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1929
 无刺收获蚁 Messor inermis Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1929
 Messor instabilis (Smith, 1858)
 Messor intermedius Santschi, 1927
 Messor julianus (Pergande, 1894)
 Messor kasakorum Arnol'di, 1969
 克孜勒库姆收获蚁 Messor kisilkumensis Arnol'di, 1969
 Messor lamellicornis Arnol'di, 1968
 Messor lariversi (Smith, 1951)
 Messor kazakorum Arnoldi, 1969
 Messor lobicornis Forel, 1894
 Messor lobognathus Andrews, 1916
 Messor luebberti Forel, 1910
 Messor luridus Santschi, 1927
 Messor eglalae Sharaf
葡萄牙收获蚁 Messor lusitanicus Tinaut, 1985
 Messor maculifrons Santschi, 1927
 Messor mcarthuri
 Messor marikovskii Arnol'di, 1969
 Messor marocanus Santschi, 1927
 Messor medioruber Santschi, 1910
 Messor melancholicus Arnol'di, 1977
小收获蚁 minor (Andre, 1883)
小收获蚁卡普里亚种 Messor minor capreensis Santschi, 1927
小收获蚁卡拉布里亚亚种 Messor minor calabricus Santschi, 1927
小收获蚁西方亚种 Messor minor hesperius Santschi, 1927
小收获蚁摩尔亚种 Messor minor maurus Barquin, 1981
 Messor turcmenochorassanicus Arnol'di, 1977
 Messor nahali Tohme, 1981
 Messor niloticus Santschi, 1938
 Messor oertzeni Forel, 1910
 Messor olegianus Arnol'di, 1969
 東方收穫蚁 Messor orientalis (Emery, 1898)
 Messor perantennatus Arnol'di, 1969
  (Mayr, 1886)
 Messor piceus Stitz, 1923
着色收获蚁 Messor picturatus Santschi, 1927
 平頭收穫蚁 Messor planiceps Stitz, 1917 扁頭收穫蚁
 Messor postpetiolatus Santschi, 1917
 王者收获蚁 Messor regalis (Emery, 1892)
 Messor reticuliventris Karavaiev, 1910
 紅褐收穫蚁 Messor rufotestaceus (Foerster, 1850)
 Messor rufus Santschi, 1923
 红结收获蚁 Messor ruginodis Stitz, 1916
 皺紋收穫蚁 Messor rugosus (Andre, 1881)
 Messor sanctus Emery, 1921
 Messor aciculatus (Smith, 1874)
 Messor sculpturatus Carpenter, 1930
 半紅收穫蚁 Messor semirufus (Andre, 1883)
 西氏收穫蚁 Messor semoni (Forel, 1906)
 史氏收获蚁 Messor smithi (Cole, 1963)
 Messor sordidus (Forel, 1892)
 斯氏收穫蚁 Messor stoddardi (Emery, 1895)
 条纹收获蚁 Messor striatellus Arnol'di, 1969
 Messor creticus Salata & Borowiec, 2019
 紋頭收穫蚁 Messor striaticeps (Andre, 1883)
 Messor striatifrons Stitz, 1923
 Messor striativentris Emery, 1908
 工匠收获蚁 Messor structor (Latreille, 1798)
 亚细节收获蚁 Messor subgracilinodis Arnol'di, 1969
 Messor sultanus Santschi, 1917
 Messor syriacus Tohme, 1969
 Messor testaceus Donisthorpe, 1950
 Messor timidus (Espadaler, 1997)
热带收获蚁 Messor tropicorum Wheeler, 1922
 Messor turcmenochorassanicus Arnol'di, 1977
强壮收获蚁 Messor valentinae Arnol'di, 1969
 Messor variabilis Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927
 Messor vaucheri Emery, 1908
 Messor vicinus Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927
 沃斯曼收获蚁 Messor wasmanni Krausse, 1910 沃氏收穫蚁

 Messor minor x cf. wasmanni (Interspecific hybrid)
 Messor hismai Collingwood & Agosti, 1996
 Messor hodnii Barech, Khaldi, Espadaler & Cagniant, 2020
 Messor spec Santschi, 1927
 Messor erectus

 参考文献 

Category:家蚁亚科
Category:使用生物多样性栏目的条目