吉爾伯特·西蒙東

吉爾伯特·西蒙東（，；），是法国哲学家，知名於其个体化理论和技术哲学。西蒙東的作品以其对資訊理論、传播学、技术和自然科学的哲学方法为特色。尽管西蒙東在世时遭到忽视了，但資訊时代促使人们重新評價西蒙東的作品。西蒙東的技術哲學思想為21世纪提供借鏡。

尽管西蒙東的思想在法国，乃至整个欧洲的后结构主义浪潮中，遭到忽視，但仍有少数哲學家率先注意到西蒙東作品。其中最著名的是德勒兹。德勒兹的《意義的邏輯》深受西蒙東个体化理论的影响；还有马尔色，其《单向度的人》从西蒙東关于技术异化與影响汲取灵感。西蒙東也影响了布鲁诺·拉图、施蒂格勒和許煜。

 生涯 
西蒙東，出生于圣艾蒂安，是科学哲学家乔治·康吉莱姆、哲学家马夏尔·盖鲁和现象学家梅洛庞蒂的学生。西蒙東曾就读于巴黎高等师范学院和索邦大学。 1958年，西蒙東在巴黎大学通过博士论文答辩。西蒙東的主要论文《形式與資訊概念觀照下的個體化》（），分两部分发表。1964年，第一部以《个体化及其物理生物学的生成過程》（）为题发表；1989年，第二部以《精神和集体个体化》（）為題發表。虽然該作直到德勒兹、拉图及斯蒂格勒重新評價後才獲得广泛阅读，但其1958年的《論技術物的存在模式》（）甫出版即引起关注。2005年，才出版该作的完整版本。

 個體化與技術 
在《精神和集体个体化》中，西蒙東发展个体与集体个体化的理论。其中個別的主体是个体化的结果而非原因。因此，原子化的個體應視為无止境的個體化過程。西蒙東設想了“前個體場”为使个体化成为可能的资源。个体化是一个永远不完整的过程，总是会留下“前个体”的残余，使未来的个体化成为可能。此外，精神的個體化总是会创造出個體的主體與集體的主體，使其共同個体化。西蒙東批评诺伯特·维纳的模控學，认为“从一开始，模控學就接受了所有技术理论都必须拒绝的东西：按照既定标准、属、种，对技术对象进行分类。” 西蒙東希望通过发展机器的“一般现象学”（）克服模控學的缺陷。

 作品 

 《論技術物的存在模式》（Du mode d'existence des objets techniques, 1958)
 《論技術物的存在模式》, 許煜譯，南京大學出版社，2024
 《个体化及其物理生物学的生成過程》（, 1964)
 《精神和集体个体化》（, 1989）

身後發表

 , Cours et conferences (Éd. du Seuil, coll. "Traces écrites").
  (Jérôme Millon, coll. Krisis, 2005).
 Cours sur la perception (1964–1965), Préface de Renaud Barbaras (Editions de La Transparence).
 Imagination et invention (1965–1966) (Editions de La Transparence, 2008).
 Communication et Information. Cours et Conférences (Éditions de La Transparence, 2010).
 Sur la technique (P.U.F., 2014).
 Sur la psychologie (P.U.F., 2015).
 Sur la philosophie (P.U.F., 2016).
 La résolution des problèmes (P.U.F., 2018).

 參考 

 註腳 

 延伸阅读 

 Alloa, Emmanuel, "Prégnances du devenir. Simondon et les images ", in Critique 816 (2015): 356 – 371 .
 Alloa, Emmanuel & Judith Michalet, "Differences in Becoming. Gilbert Simondon and Gilles Deleuze on Individuation"  in Philosophy Today vol. 61 no. 3 (2017): 475–502..
 Bardin, Andrea, "Philosophy as Political Technē: The Tradition of Invention in Simondon’s Political Thought" Contemporary Political Theory, 2018.
 Bardin, Andrea, Epistemology and Political Philosophy in Gilbert Simondon.Individuation, Technics, Social Systems  (Springer, 2015).
 Barthélémy, Jean-Hugues, Life and Technology: An Inquiry Into and Beyond Simondon (tr. B. Norman, Meson Press, 2015).
 Barthélémy, Jean-Hugues, Simondon (Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 2014).
 Barthélémy, Jean-Hugues (dir.), Cahiers Simondon N° 1 to 6 (Paris: L'Harmattan, 2009–2015).
 Barthélémy, Jean-Hugues, "Individuation and Knowledge. The refutation of idealism in Simondon's Heritage in France", translated by M. Hayward and A. De Boever, SubStance, Special Issue "Gilbert Simondon", Issue 129, Vol. 41, N°3, 2012.
 Barthélémy, Jean-Hugues, "What new Humanism today ?", translated by Chris Turner, Cultural Politics, Vol. 6, Issue 2, Bergs Publishers, 2010.
 Barthélémy, Jean-Hugues, "Du mort qui saisit le vif. Simondonian ontology today", trans. Justin Clemens, Parrhesia 7 (2009): 28–35 .
 Barthélémy, Jean-Hugues, Simondon ou l'encyclopédisme génétique (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 2008)
 Barthélémy, Jean-Hugues, Penser l'individuation. Simondon et la philosophie de la nature (Paris: L'Harmattan, 2005). .
 Barthélémy, Jean-Hugues, Penser la connaissance et la technique après Simondon (Paris: L'Harmattan, 2005). .
 Bidet, Alexandra, Macé, Marielle. "S'individuer, s'émanciper, risquer un style (autour de Simondon)", Revue du Mauss, n°38 – Emancipation, subjectivation, individuation. Psychanalyse, philosophie et science sociale, La Découverte, 2011, pp. 269–284.
 Bontems, Vincent (dir.), Gilbert Simondon ou l'invention du futur (Paris: Klincksieck, 2016).
 Caponi, Saverio, Gilbert Simondon. La tecnica e la vita, Lulu.com, 2010.
 Carrozzini, Giovanni, Gilbert Simondon filosofo della mentalité technique, Mimesis, Milano 2011.
 Carrozzini, Giovanni, Gilbert Simondon: per un'assiomatica dei saperi. Dall'"ontologia dell'individuo" alla filosofia della tecnologia, Manni, San Cesario di Lecce 2006
 Chabot, Pascal, La philosophie de Simondon (Paris, Vrin, 2003). (English translation : "The philosophy of Simondon.Between technology and individuation ", Bloomsbury, 2013)
 Combes, Muriel, Gilbert Simondon and the Philosophy of the Transindividual, translated by Thomas LaMarre, MIT Press 2013 (originally published in French: Simondon, Individu et collectivité, Presses Universitaires de France 1999)
 Critique no. 816 (2015), Special Issue on Gilbert Simondon, with texts by Elie During, Emmanuel Alloa, Irlande Saurin, Anne Sauvegnargues and Gilbert Simondon 
 Deleuze, Gilles, "On Gilbert Simondon," in Desert Islands and Other Texts, 1953–1974 (Los Angeles & New York: Semiotext(e), 2004): 86–9. ISBN 1-58435-018-0
 De Boever, Murray, Roffe & Ashley (eds.), Gilbert Simondon: Being and Technology (Edinburgh University Press , hardback: 2012; paperback: March 2013).
 Dumouchel, Paul, "Gilbert Simondon's Plea for a Philosophy of Technology," in The Politics of Knowledge (Bloomington & Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1995): 255–71. ISBN 0-253-20940-4.
 During, Elie, Simondon au pied du mur. .
 Hottois, Gilbert, Simondon et la philosophie de la culture technique (Brussels: De Boeck, 1992). .
 Mackenzie, Adrian, Transductions: Bodies and Machines at Speed (Continuum Press, 2002). ISBN 0-8264-5883-1
 Massumi, Brian, Technical Mentality" Revisited: Brian Massumi on Gilbert Simondon, Parrhesia 7 (2009): 36–45 .
 Mills, Simon, Gilbert Simondon – Information, Technology and Media (Rowman and Littlefield, 2016).
 Morizot, Baptiste, Pour une théorie de la rencontre. Hasard et individuation chez Gilbert Simondon (Paris: Vrin, 2016; foreword by Jean-Hugues Barthélémy).
 Revue philosophique de la France et de l'étranger, Gilbert Simondon, n°3/2006.
 Sabolius, Kristupas, "Traversing Life and Thought: Gilbert Simondon's Theory of Cyclic Imagination ", in Social Imaginaries 5.2 (2019): 37–57.
 Scott, David, Gilbert Simondon's Psychic and Collective Individuation (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2014).
 Stiegler, Bernard, Acting Out (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2009).
 Stiegler, Bernard, The Theater of Individuation: Phase-shift and Resolution in Simondon and Heidegger , trans. Kristina Lebedeva, Parrhesia 7 (2009): 46–57.
 Stiegler, Bernard, Technics and Time, 1: The Fault of Epimetheus (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998).
 Stiegler, Bernard, Temps et individuation technique, psychique, et collective dans l’oeuvre de Simondon . .
 Tenti, Gregorio, Estetica e morfologia in Gilbert Simondon, Mimesis, 2020
 Thibault, Ghislain, Filming Simondon: The National Film Board, Education, and Humanism , Canadian Journal of Film Studies, vol. 26 n°1/2017, pp. 1–23  
 Thibault, Ghislain and Mark Hayward, Understanding Machines: A History of Canadian Mechanology , Canadian Journal of Communication, vol. 42 n°3/2017
 Toscano, Alberto, "Technical Culture and the Limits of Interaction: A Note on Simondon," in Joke Brouwer & Arjen Mulder (eds.), Interact or Die! (Rotterdam: NAi, 2007): 198–205.
 Virno, Paolo, Angels and the General Intellect: Individuation in Duns Scotus and Gilbert Simondon, Parrhesia 7 (2009): 58–67 .
 Olivier Del Fabbro: Philosophieren mit Objekten – Gilbert Simondons prozessuale Individuationsontologie, Frankfurt am Main: Campus Verlag. 2021.

 外部链接 

 保存技术对象
 MEOT / METO

 The Gilbert Simondon issue of Parrhesia 
 Filmed interview of Gilbert Simondon  on the subject of mechanology, 1968 .
 On Gilbert Simondon's Unified Theory of Technics and Technology, by François Laruelle 
 Autour de Simondon: List of articles about Simondon, by the revue online Appareil .
 Aud-Sissel-Hoel and Van-der-Tuin on Simondon's link to Ernst Cassirer 
 Gilbert Simondon Biography by Nathalie Simondon 
 "Simondon au pied du mur" by Elie During .
 Mode of Existence, English translation .
 On the Essence of Technicity .
 Simondon biography
 List of articles about Simondon .
 Online Issue on Simondon , by Jean-Hugues Barthélémy (dir.)).
 "Simondon Week" on TheFunambulist.net .
 "Penser l'école avec Gilbert Simondon"  .
 CIDES (Centre International des Études Simondoniennes) a.k.a. ICSS (International Center for Simondon Studies)
 Conference-video on Gilbert Simondon and the New Enlightenment .
 Simondon at Monoskop.org , with extensive bibliography.
 A short list of Gilbert Simondon's vocabulary 
 A research project (and book in preparation) on the relationship between Gilbert Simondon, mechanology and Canadian intellectuals 

Category:欧陆哲学家
Category:形而上学学者
Category:技术史学家
Category:20世纪法国哲学家
Category:巴黎大學校友
Category:巴黎高等师范学院校友
Category:1989年逝世
Category:1924年出生
Category:有未列明来源语句的条目