寡家蚁属

寡家蟻屬（学名：）又称盲切葉蟻屬或重头蚁属 ，是家蟻亞科的一種屬。该属包含了世界上最小的蚂蚁 —— 原子盲切叶蚁（Carebara atoma）

 描述 
该属是一个庞大的体系属，拥有 234个有效物种（包括 9个化石物种）和 22 个亚种。Liu Z-y, Zhong Y, Huang Y-y, Ran H, Song F (2024) ﻿A new ant species of the genus Carebara Westwood, 1840 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) with a key to Chinese species. ZooKeys 1190: 1-37. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1190.110552

 习性 
该属的物种几乎遍布全球，主要记录在热带和亚热带地区。部分物种在土壤或白蚁的土丘中筑巢，有些物种也会栖息在烂木中。盲切叶蚁属的大多数物种的体型十分微小，并且常年居住在地底，主要以死昆虫和其他无脊椎动物为食。

然而，一些物种是具有大规模掠夺习性的侵略性地面捕食者（俗称行军蚁，但不是真正意义上的行军蚁），例如已经被撤销的巨首蚁属（Pheidologeton）。目前关于盲切叶蚁的行为学和生命周期的研究仍然有限。

 分类学 
该属根据木盲切叶蚁（Carebara lignata）建立，同时也是该属的模式种。它在成立初期被纳入了一个独立的亚科：Attidae，但该亚科现已撤销。后来，该属的分类学地位在族中经历了几次变化：

  Solenopsidini (Forel 1893)
 巨首蚁族 Pheidologetini Emery, 1914


由于不同品级和多态性的记录不完整，導致早期分出了很多独立属。以下分类被认为是盲切叶蚁属的异名：

最终，基于对 11个基因的全面系统发育分析，该属被纳入了举腹蚁族之下。

属的级别的分类学变化已经取代了盲切叶蚁属的一些早期区域修订。此外，缺乏全面的修订，尤其是对旧世界物种的修订，给物种识别带来了困难。为了解决这些问题，研究者对以下区域进行了研究：印度、沙特阿拉伯、非洲热带地区、巴西、马达加斯加和澳大利亚。关于种团的研究最初集中在新大陆物种上，Fernández 回顾了美国物种，并根据工蚁种姓的形态提出了五个物种群。在旧世界，Bharti 和 Kumar 于2013年首次研究了盲切叶蚁属的种群。他们将11个印度物种分为三组，基于 C. asina 的无眼小型工蚁将 C. concinna 种团与木盲切叶蚁种团（C. lignata species group）融合 。

Fischer 等人于2014年建立了 C. polita 种团，该种团与巨首蚁具有形态相似性，包括6个非洲热带物种和2个新热带物种。本研究还将巨首蚁属与盲切叶蚁属同义。后来 Fischer 等人于 2015年建立了 phragmotica 种团，Hosoishi 等人于 2022年提出了 acutispina 种团，但是这两个种团都包括了C. phragmotic。

 毒性 
具有毒液。在泰国西部的一次田间调查中，一位收集者不小心被这个蚂蚁蛰伤了。并在几分钟后内出现瘙痒的皮疹，并在两天内出现水泡。Wimolsuthikul, C., Yamane, S., Samung, Y., Jaitrong, W. 2024. A revision of the Carebara pygmaea (Emery, 1887) species group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Thailand. Zootaxa, 54811, 79–100  (doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5481.1.5 ).

 物种列表 

 Carebara aberrans (Santschi, 1937)
 Carebara aborensis (Wheeler, 1913)
 Carebara abuhurayri Sharaf & Aldawood, 2011
 Carebara acuta (Weber, 1952)
 尖刺盲切叶蚁 Carebara acutispina (Xu, 2003)
 Carebara adisaki Wimolsuthikul & Jaitrong, 2024
 近缘盲切叶蚁 Carebara affinis Jerdon, 1851 相邻寡家蚁
 Carebara affinis javana Emery, 1893
 Carebara affinis minor Emery, 1900
 Carebara affinis spinosior Forel, 1911
 Carebara affinis sumatrensis Forel, 1913
 Carebara afghana (Pisarski, 1970)
 非洲盲切叶蚁 Carebara africana (Forel, 1910)
 Carebara alluaudi (Santschi, 1913)
 Carebara alluaudi cataractae Santschi, 1919
 阿尔珀特盲切叶蚁 Carebara alperti Fernández, 2010
 Carebara alpha (Forel, 1905)
 高结盲切叶蚁 Carebara altinoda Xu, 2003
 阿美盲切叶蚁  Forel, 1913 阿美寡家蚁、阿美稀切叶蚁
  Santschi, 1912
 安戈尔盲切叶蚁 Carebara angolensis (Santschi, 1914)
 Carebara angulata Fernández, 2004
 Carebara anophthalma (Emery, 1906)
 †Carebara antiqua (Mayr, 1868)
 Carebara arabara Fernández, 2010
 Carebara arabica (Collingwood & Van Harten, 2001)
  (Donisthorpe, 1948)
 Carebara arnoldi (Forel, 1913)
 Carebara arnoldiella (Santschi, 1919)
 凶恶盲切叶蚁 Carebara asina Forel, 1902
 原子盲切叶蚁 Carebara atoma (Emery, 1900)
 Carebara audita Fernández, 2004
 Carebara bara Azorsa & Fisher, 2018
 Carebara bartrumi Weber, 1943
 孟加拉盲切叶蚁 Carebara bengalensis Forel, 1902 孟加拉稀切叶蚁
 Carebara beta (Forel, 1905)
 Carebara bicarinata Santschi, 1912
 双角盲切叶蚁  (Xu, 2003)
 †Carebara bohemica (Novák, 1877)
 Carebara borealis (Terayama, 1996)
 Carebara bouvardi (Santschi, 1913)
 Carebara brasiliana Fernández, 2004
 Carebara brevipilosa Fernández, 2004
 Carebara bruchi (Santschi, 1933)
 布氏盲切叶蚁  Forel, 191
  (Forel, 1913)
 卷须盲切叶蚁 Carebara capreola Wheeler, 1927
 卷须盲切叶蚁滑头亚种 Carebara capreola laeviceps
 Carebara carinata Bharti & Kumar, 2013
 栗色盲切叶蚁 Carebara castanea Smith, 1858
 Carebara castanea augustata Santschi, 1920
 锡兰盲切叶蚁 Carebara ceylonensis (Forel, 1911) 锡兰寡家蚁
 Carebara coeca Fernández, 2004
 平头盲切叶蚁 Carebara colobopsis Hosoishi & Yamane, 2022
 Carebara concinna (Mayr, 1867)
 Carebara convexa (Weber, 1950)
 Carebara coqueta Fernández, 2006
 Carebara cornigera (Forel, 1902)thumb|300x300px|寡妇盲切叶蚁（C. vidua）
 Carebara crassiuscula (Emery, 1900)
 网纹盲切叶蚁  (Wheeler, 1927)
 Carebara crigensis (Belshaw & Bolton, 1994)
 弯刺盲切叶蚁 Carebara curvispina (Xu, 2003)
 Carebara debilis (Santschi, 1913)
 齿盲切叶蚁 Carebara dentata Bharti & Kumar, 2013
 齿突盲切叶蚁 Carebara dentiviris
  (Walker, 1859)
 Carebara diabola (Santschi, 1913)
 Carebara diabolica (Baroni Urbani, 1969)
 Carebara distincta (Bolton & Belshaw, 1993)
 多样寡家蚁 Carebara diversa Jerdon, 1851 全异盲切叶蚁
 龙盲切叶蚁 Carebara diversa draco Santschi, 1920
 全异盲切叶蚁老挝亚种 Carebara diversa laotina Santschi, 1920
 全异盲切叶蚁麦氏亚种 Carebara diversa macgregori Wheeler, W.M., 1929
 Carebara diversa philippina Wheeler, W.M., 1929
 Carebara diversa standfussi Forel, 1911
 Carebara diversa taprobanae Smith, F., 1858
 Carebara diversa tenuirugosa Wheeler, W.M., 1929
 全异盲切叶蚁威氏亚种 Carebara diversa williamsi Wheeler, W.M., 1929
 Carebara donisthorpei (Weber, 1950)
 Carebara dota Azorsa & Fisher, 2018
 Carebara elmenteitae (Patrizi, 1948)
 细长盲切叶蚁 Carebara elongata Fernández, 2004
 Carebara erythraea (Emery, 1915)
  (Forel, 1911)
 Carebara fayrouzae Sharaf, 2013
 Carebara frontalis (Weber, 1950)
 Carebara globularia Fernández, 2004
 格氏盲切叶蚁 Carebara grandidieri (Forel, 1891)
 粒沟盲切叶蚁 Carebara granulatus
 Carebara guineana Fernández, 2006
 般若盲切叶蚁  (Terayama, 1996)
 Carebara hornata Bharti & Kumar, 2013
 湖南盲切叶蚁 Carebara hunanenis Wu et Wang, 1995
 Carebara inca Fernández, 2004
 Carebara incerta (Santschi, 1919)
 Carebara incierta Fernández, 2004
 Carebara infima (Santschi, 1913)
 Carebara intermedia Fernández, 2004
 雅氏盲切叶蚁 Carebara jacobsoni (Forel, 1911)
 Carebara jajoby 
 Carebara jeanneli (Santschi, 1913)
 江西盲切叶蚁 Carebara jinagxiensis Wu et Wang, 1995
 Carebara junodi Forel, 1904
 卡米盲切叶蚁 Carebara khamiensis (Arnold, 1952)
 Carebara kofana Fernández, 2004
 Carebara kunensis (Ettershank, 1966)
 滑头盲切叶蚁 Carebara laeviceps Liu & Zhong, 2024
 Carebara lamellifrons (Forel, 1902)
 郎氏盲切叶蚁 Carebara langi Wheeler, 1922
 宽结盲切叶蚁 Carebara latinoda Zhou & Zheng, 1997
 Carebara latro (Santschi, 1937)
 Carebara leei (Forel, 1902)
 木盲切叶蚁 Carebara lignata Westwood,1840 
 长头盲切叶蚁 Carebara longiceps (Santschi, 1929)
 Carebara longii (Wheeler, 1903)
 Carebara lucida (Santschi, 1917)
 光亮盲切叶蚁 Carebara lusciosa (Wheeler,1928)
 Carebara majeri Fernández, 2004
 Carebara manni (Donisthorpe, 1941)
 Carebara mayri (Forel, 1901)
 黑沟盲切叶蚁 Carebara melasolena Zhou et Zheng,1997
 Carebara menozzii (Ettershank, 1966)
 Carebara minima (Emery, 1900)
 Carebara minuta Fernández, 2004
 Carebara mjobergi (Forel, 1915)
  (Santschi, 1919)
 南宁盲切叶蚁 Carebara nanningensis
 Carebara nayana (Sheela & Narendran, 1997)
 †Carebara nitida (Dlussky & Perkovsky, 2002)
 诺福克盲切叶蚁 Carebara norfolkensis (Donisthorpe, 1941)
 Carebara nosindambo (Forel, 1891)
 Carebara nuda Fernández, 2004
 钝齿盲切叶蚁 Carebara obtusidenta (Xu, Z., 2003)
 Carebara octata (Bolton & Belshaw, 1993)
 Carebara oertzeni (Forel, 1886)
 恩氏盲切叶蚁 Carebara oni (Terayama, 1996)
 Carebara osborni Wheeler, 1922
 奥氏盲切叶蚁 Carebara overbecki (Viehmeyer, 1916)
 Carebara paeta (Santschi, 1937)
 Carebara panamensis (Wheeler, 1925)
 帕氏盲切叶蚁 Carebara patrizii Menozzi, 1927
 Carebara paya Fernández, 2004
 Carebara perpusilla (Emery, 1895)
 Carebara peruviana (Emery, 1906)
 Carebara petulca (Wheeler, 1922)
 Carebara pilosa Fernández, 2004
 Carebara pisinna (Bolton & Belshaw, 1993)
 光滑盲切叶蚁 Carebara polita (Santschi, 1914)
 多音盲切叶蚁 Carebara polyphemus (Wheeler,1928)
 Carebara propomegata Bharti & Kumar, 2013
 拟亮盲切叶蚁 Carebara pseudolusciosa (Wu et Wang,1995)
 矮人盲切叶蚁 Carebara pumilia Fischer, Azorsa et Fisher, 2014
 斑点盲切叶蚁 Carebara punctata (Karavaiev, 1931)
 矮盲切叶蚁 Carebara pygmaea (Emery, 1887)
 Carebara pygmaea densistriata (Stitz, 1925)
 千里眼盲切叶蚁 Carebara qianliyan Terayama, 2009
 Carebara raja (Forel, 1902)
 Carebara rara (Bolton & Belshaw, 1993)
 Carebara rectangulata Bharti & Kumar, 2013
 直背盲切叶蚁 Carebara rectidorsa (Xu, 2003)
 Carebara reina Fernández, 2004
 纹头盲切叶蚁 Carebara reticapita (Xu, 2003)
 Carebara reticulata Fernández, 2004
 Carebara robertsoni (Bolton & Belshaw, 1993)
 Carebara rothneyi (Forel, 1902)
 Carebara rugata (Forel, 1913)
 坂本盲切叶蚁 Carebara sakamotoi Terayama, Lin et Eguchi, 2012
 桑氏盲切叶蚁 Carebara sangi (Eguchi & Bui, 2007)
 Carebara santschii (Weber, 1943)
 Carebara sarasinorum (Emery, 1901)
 Carebara sarita (Bolton & Belshaw, 1993)
 Carebara satana (Karavaiev, 1935)
 邵氏盲切叶蚁 Carebara sauteri Forel, 1912 邵氏寡家蚁
 Carebara semilaevis (Mayr, 1901)
 Carebara sicheli Mayr, 1862
 西氏寡家蚁 Carebara silvestrii Santschi,1914 西氏盲切叶蚁
 Carebara simalurensis (Forel, 1915)
 Carebara similis (Mayr, 1862)
  Fischer, Azorsa & Fisher, 2014
 Carebara sodalis (Emery, 1914)
 †Carebara sophiae (Emery, 1891)
 Carebara spinata Bharti & Kumar, 2013
 Carebara stenoptera (Kusnezov, 1952)
 条纹盲切叶蚁 Carebara striata (Xu, 2003)
 Carebara sublatro (Forel, 1913)
 Carebara subreptor (Emery, 1900)
 苏丹盲切叶蚁 Carebara sudanensis (Weber, 1943)
 Carebara sudanica Santschi, 1933
 Carebara sundaica (Forel, 1913)
 Carebara tahitiensis (Wheeler, 1936)
 大埔盲切叶蚁 Carebara taiponica (Wheeler, 1928)
 Carebara tana 
 Carebara taprobanae (Forel, 1911)
 Carebara tenua Fernández, 2004
 Carebara termitolestes (Wheeler, 1918)
 Carebara thoracica (Weber, 1950)
 †Carebara thorali (Théobald, 1937)
 Carebara traegaordhi (Santschi, 1914)
 粗纹盲切叶蚁 Carebara trechideros Zhou et Zheng, 1997
 †Carebara ucrainica (Dlussky & Perkovsky, 2002)
 Carebara ugandana (Santschi, 1923)
 Carebara urichi (Wheeler, 1922)
 红盲切叶蚁 Carebara vespillo Wheeler, 1921
 孤寡盲切叶蚁 Carebara vidua Smith, 1858
 Carebara vidua fur Santschi, 1928
 Carebara viehmeyeri (Mann, 1919)
 Carebara villiersi (Bernard, 1953)
 Carebara voeltzkowi (Forel, 1907)
 Carebara vorax (Santschi, 1914)
 Carebara weyeri (Karavaiev, 1930)
 惠勒盲切叶蚁 Carebara wheeleri (Ettershank, 1966)
 Carebara wroughtonii (Forel, 1902)
 大和盲切叶蚁 Carebara yamatonis (Terayama, 1996)
 矢野盲切叶蚁 Carebara yanoi Forel, 1912 矢野寡家蚁
 增城盲切叶蚁 Carebara zengchengensis (Zhou, Zhao et Jia,2006)

 参考文献 
Category:家蚁亚科