綠黨 (巴西)

綠黨（，缩写为PV）是巴西的一个政党。该党成立于巴西軍人獨裁統治時期，與各地綠黨一樣，致力於制定一套確保社會公平和可持续发展的政黨。

然而，該黨認為其政治立場超出了「左派和右派」的範圍，黨員認為這種立場不合時宜且不現實。

 意识形态和纲领 
绿党的主要议程包括联邦主义、环境保护主义、人权、直接民主、议会制、社会福利、公民自由、和平主义，以及在特定条件下的大麻合法化programa_web.pdf Programa do Partido Verde。该党的四大支柱是生态可持续性、基层民主、社会正义和非暴力。

该党认为自身在政治光谱上所处的位置，超越了所谓“左翼和右翼”二分法的范畴，其成员认为这种划分已过时且不切实际。部分学者认为，为了达到得票门槛，绿党向一些并不关心生态议题的政治人物敞开了大门，因此该党在议会中往往显得立场松散、缺乏明确形态。

 历史 
绿党成立于1986年1月。该党由环保人士及其他社会运动活动家创建，其最具代表性的领导人包括（后来很快重返劳工党）、费尔南多·加贝拉、、多明戈斯·费尔南德斯、和。

2002年卢拉当选巴西总统后，绿党被分配负责文化部，流行歌手吉尔贝托·吉尔被任命为文化部长。

在2010年总统选举中，绿党候选人获得了19.3%的选票，从而导致迪尔玛·罗塞夫未能获得超过50%的选票，迫使举行第二轮选举}。到了2014年总统选举，绿党候选人获得了0.61%的选票。此外，绿党还赢得了6个联邦众议院席位和1个参议院席位。该党投票支持弹劾迪尔玛·罗塞夫，随后转而支持巴西民主运动党籍的总统米歇尔·特梅尔。

2016年5月，绿党撤回了对特梅尔的支持，转为在议会中保持中立立场。在2018年巴西大选中，该党与“”组成“团结改变巴西”联盟，支持玛丽娜·席尔瓦竞选总统。

2022年，该党与劳工党和巴西共产党组成“巴西希望”联盟，以参加2022年巴西大选。并支持卢拉竞选总统，组建了选举联盟“”。

Green Party in São Paulo
The party is divided in the state in 21 river basins, where the capital are 4 basins – The Watershed are the regional governments of PV in the 圣保罗州. They are bringing together the municipal executive of the party. The state chairman of the party, provisionally, is Belizário Marcos and the chairman of the municipal capital is Galeão Carlos Camacho.

Representation in government
The party is not a major political force in the country, unlike some of its similar Europeans (such as 联盟90/绿党 in Germany). For a long time its sole representative in Congress was the National Deputy Federal Fernando Gabeira, elected by 里約熱內盧州 (1995–1998, 1999–2002; after brief period in 勞工黨 (巴西), Gabeira returned to PV in 2005). During twenty-eight months, beginning in 2003, the party formed the basis of support for Lula's government, breaking up in the second half of May 2005, after stating general dissatisfaction with the environmental policies of the government. , the former Minister of Culture in Lula's government is nonetheless a member of the party, and President of National PV is the Potiguar Jose Luiz de France Penna, which succeeded the former councillor Rio Alfredo Sirkis, a former Municipal Secretary of Environment and Municipal Secretary of Urbanism of Rio de Janeiro (also former candidate for President of the Republic by PV in 1998), in different administrations of Cesar Maia.
Another ticket highlight is deputy Zequinha Sarney, of Maranhao, former Minister of the Environment in the government Fernando Henrique Cardoso. The party also differs from similar Europeans in low turnover in partisan positions and accumulation of power in the hands of relatively few people.
In the meantime, it is equal to the other Brazilian political associations.

After the aggregation of votes, on 3 October 2006, the Green Party reached 3.6% of valid votes, with 3,368,560 valid votes.

In 2007, the National Convention was held in Brasília – DF, marked by legal challenges and complaints about the misuse of the Fund Partidário. Justice has come to stop the vote, guaranteed by point. Some critics of the administration of Penna in national PV were threatened with expulsion or expelled, as Paulo Moraes and Francis of Assisi (ex-pres. The PV / RJ). Complaints pass and the TSE evaluates suspend the fund of the party in 2008. Mr. Gabeira also speaks about reviewing the program's subtitle, which has since been widely criticised in the media.

 大選 
 總統大選 
選舉候選人競選夥伴聯盟第一輪第二輪結果Votes%Votes% (PV)Maurício Lobo Abreu (PV)None125,8420.18 (#18) - -Lost Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) (PT)PT; 巴西社会党; 巴西共产党; 公民权 (政党); PV; 统一工人社会党 (巴西)17,122,12727.04% (#2) - -Lost  (PV)Carla Piranda Rabello (PV)None212,8660.30 (#6) - -Lost NoneNoneNone - - - - -NoneNoneNone - - - - - (PV) (PV)None19,636,35919.3 (#3) - -Lost 2014年巴西大选 (PV)Célia Sacramento (PV)None630,0990.61 (#6) - -Lost 2018年巴西大選 () (PV); PV1,069,5781.00 (#8) - -Lost 2022年巴西大选Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT)傑拉爾多·阿爾克明 (巴西社会党)PT; 巴西共产党; PV; 社会主义和自由党 (巴西); ; 巴西社会党; ; Avante; 基督教工黨; 57,259,504 48.43% (#1) 60,345,99950.90%Won Source: Election Resources: Federal Elections in Brazil – Results Lookup 

 国会选举 
选举年众议院联邦参议院政治地位得票数%席位+/–得票数%席位+/–154,6660.34%新colspan=4 292,6910.44% 1163,4250.26%新1,179,3741.35% 5962,7190.63% 03,368,5613.61% 81,425,7651.69% 03,710,3663.84% 25,047,7972.96% 020142,004,4642.06% 7723,5760.81% 120181,592,1731.62% 41,226,3920.72% 1202215,354,12513.93% 2475,5970.47% 0Sources: Election Resources , Dados Eleitorais do Brasil (1982–2006)

 参考文献 

外部連結

Category:巴西政黨
Category:1986年建立的政黨
Category:全球绿党成员政党
Category:社会自由主义政党
Category:进步主义政党
Category:中間派政黨
Category:中左翼政党