图尚卡

图尚卡（， ，音标：[tʊˈʂonkə]，源自тушение – "炖煮"）是一种罐装炖肉，特别受俄罗斯和其他前东欧集团国家的欢迎。它已成为不同种类罐装炖肉的通用名称，其中并非所有都符合严格的GOST标准。

图尚卡可以在极端情况下使用和保存，因此是独联体军用食品供应的一部分。 Gordon Rottman - Soviet Rifleman 1941-45 2007 Page 42 "Much of the field ration was bread, canned meats, and fresh and preserved vegetables. Dried peas were issued in packaged blocks. Black rye bread was baked in regimental bakeries. Tinned meats included tushonka (stewed pork or beef- ..."对于苏联人民来说，图尚卡是军事和旅游食品供应的一部分；在某些极端时期，图尚卡只能用食品券更换。 Grover J. Sims -Meat and meat animals in World War II 1951 - Page 80 "The CCC also bought beef Tushonka for lend-lease shipment to Russia. Purchases, however, did not begin until 1944. Contracts let in that year totaled 34 million pounds; in 1945 purchases were slightly less. Beef Tushonka is prepared in the ..."

与许多西方的罐装肉制品不同，图尚卡包含独立的肉块，而非碎肉。它与猪油和果冻混合在一起，更类似于肉冻，不像午餐肉属于肉泥。

字面的тушёнка标签常见于较便宜的类型，充满果冻，可能使用内脏代替肉。高品质的 tushonka 可以是 govyadina（“牛肉”）或 svinina（“猪肉”）罐头。一般的Tushonka也是如此，肉和猪油+果冻的比例接近50:50。

 参考文献 

Category:蘇聯軍事
Category:軍中飲食
Category:俄羅斯飲食
Category:肉菜餚