结节乳头核

结节乳头核（ TMN ）是位于下丘脑后三分之一处的组胺能核。 它是灰块茎的一部分。 它主要由组胺能神经元（即组胺释放神经元）组成。它涉及对觉醒、学习、记忆、睡眠和能量平衡的控制。 

 传出 
结节乳头核是人脑中组胺途径的唯一来源。来自结节乳头核的最密集的轴突投射被发送到大脑皮层、海马、新纹状体、伏隔核、杏仁核和下丘脑的其他部分。 Malenka RC, Nestler EJ, Hyman SE (2009). "Chapter 6: Widely Projecting Systems: Monoamines, Acetylcholine, and Orexin". In Sydor A, Brown RY (eds.). Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. pp. 175–176. ISBN 9780071481274. Within the brain, histamine is synthesized exclusively by neurons with their cell bodies in the tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) that lies within the posterior hypothalamus. There are approximately 64000 histaminergic neurons per side in humans. These cells project throughout the brain and spinal cord. Areas that receive especially dense projections include the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, neostriatum, nucleus accumbens, amygdala, and hypothalamus. ... While the best characterized function of the histamine system in the brain is regulation of sleep and arousal, histamine is also involved in learning and memory ... It also appears that histamine is involved in the regulation of feeding and energy balance.对大脑皮层的投射直接增加皮层的激活和唤醒，而对基底前脑和背侧脑桥的乙酰胆碱能神经元的投射则通过增加大脑皮层中乙酰胆碱的释放来间接增加皮层的激活和唤醒。

 参考 

Category:下丘脑