原始易洛魁语

原始易洛魁语是易洛魁语系的祖语。弗洛伊德·朗恩斯伯里 (1961)根据语言年代学估计，南北易洛魁语分裂的时间深度约为3500年到3800年。

在欧洲人接触易洛魁人的早期，16世纪的法国探险者在圣劳伦斯河沿岸发现了与今日圣劳伦斯易洛魁人有关的村落。其他更知名的北方部落赶走了他们，后来遇到更多的欧洲殖民者。这些部落包括今日安大略省的休伦族和中立联盟、纽约上州和宾州的易洛魁联盟五族、宾州的伊利族和萨斯奎汉纳族。

南支则有大烟山的切罗基人到邻近今日弗吉尼亚州/北卡罗莱纳州边境的诺托韦人和塔斯卡洛拉人。

分支
易洛魁语系通常按词汇与音系分成南（切罗基语）北（其他语言）两支。北易洛魁语进一步分为原始塔斯卡洛拉-诺托韦和湖区两支，Julian (2010)认为后者不是有效的分类。

研究史
Chafe (1977a)、Michelson (1988)、Rudes (1995)分别进行过独立的研究。此外，对塞尼卡语和莫霍克语等语言进行过内部构拟。Charles Julian (2010)进行了原始易洛魁语的大规模构拟。

音系
原始易洛魁语具有易洛魁语系的定性的类型学特征：辅音较少，复辅音较复杂，缺乏双唇音。

元音
原始易洛魁语的元音如下：

 前 央 后 闭         中                      开    
原始易洛魁语有鼻化元音/õ/、/ẽ/。

辅音
所有易洛魁语的辅音都可分为（口腔）阻碍音、咝音、喉音和响音(Lounsbury 1978:337)，

 齿龈音 硬腭音 软腭音 声门音 塞音       塞擦音  擦音   鼻音  近音   

词法
Julian (2010)构拟的词法词素：

 序号  词义  原始易洛魁语  原始北部易洛魁语 1  'negative'    *teʔ 2  'coincident' (perhaps also relativizer)  *ts  3  'contrastive'    *thi 4  'partitive'  *ijiː  5  'translocative'  *wi  6  'factual'    *waʔ 7  'duplicative'  *teː  8  'future'  *ẽː  9  'optative'    *aɹa 10  'cislocative'  *t  11  'repetitive'  *ts  12  'non-singular animate'  *ka  13  '1:2.SG'  *kõː  14  '1:2.DU'    *kni 15  '1:2.PL'    *kwa 16  '2:1.SG'  *hskʷi  17  '2:1.DU'  *hskniː  18  '2:1.PL'  *hskʷ…  19  '1SG:3'  *ki  20  1SG:3A' (> PNI '1SG:3I')  *kiji  21  '1SG:3M'    *he or *hɹi 22  '2SG:3'  *hsi  23  2SG:3A' (> PNI '2SG:3I')  *hsiji  24  '2SG:3M'    *hehse 25  '3:1SG'  *wakʷi  26  3A:1SG' (> PNI '3I:1SG')  *jõːkʷi  27  '3M:1SG'    *hɹake 28  '3:2SG'  *tsa  29  3A:2SG' (> PNI 3I:2SG')  *jeːtsa  30  '3M:2SG'    *hja 31  '2DU&3'  *tsniː  32  '2DU&3M'    *hshetsni 33  '2PL&3'  *ts…  34  '2PL&3M'    *hshetswa 35  '2NS&3I'    *jetshi 36  '1+2DU:3'  *tniː  37  '1+2DU:3M'    *hshetni 38  '1+2PL:3'  *t…  39  '1+2PL:3M'    *hshetwa 40  '1+3DU:3'    *jakni 41  '1+3DU:3M'    *hshakni 42  '1+3PL:3'    *jakwa 43  '1+3PL:3M'    *hshakwa 44  '3:1DU'  *kniː  45  '3M:1DU'    *hshõkni 46  '3:1PL'  *kʷ…  47  '3M:1PL'    *hshõkwa 48  '1+2NS:3I' (limited to Iroquoia)    *jethi 49  1+3NS:3I' (> Hu. 1NS:3I)    *jakhi 50  3I:1NS' (> Tu. '1NS&3I')    *jõkhi 51  '3SG:3' (lexically determined variant 1)  *ka  52  '3SG:3' (lexically determined variant 2)  *wa  53  '3SGM:3'    *hɹa 54  '3:3SG'  *juː  55  '3:3SGM'    *hɹo 56  '3DU:3'    *kni 57  '3DUM:3'    *hni 58  3NS:3' (> PNI '3PL:3')  *wantiː  59  '3PL:3' (second variant, in competition with *wati, #58)    *kõti 60  '3PLM:3'    *hɹati 61  '3:3NS'  *juːntiː  62  '3:3NSM'    *hɹoti 63  '3I:3'    *je 64  '3:3I'    *jako 65  '3SGM:3I'    *hshako 66  3A:3SGA' (> Ch. '3NS:3SG', PNI '3I:3SG')  *kõːwa  67  '3I:3SGM'    *hɹõwa 68  3A:3NSA' (> Ch. '3NS:3NS', PNI '3I:3NS')  *kõːwantiː  69  '3I:3NSM'    *hɹõwati 70  '3NS:3I' (limited to Iroquoia)    *jakoti 71  '3NSM:3I' (limited to Iroquoia)    *hshakoti 72  '2:1.SG.IMP'    *take 73  '2:1.DU.IMP'    *takni 74  '1:2.PL.IMP'    *takwa 75  '2SG:3.IMP'    *tse 76  'reflexive'  *ataːt  77  'semireflexive' (lexically determined variant 1)  *at  78  'semireflexive' (lexically determined variant 2)  *aɹ  79  'joiner vowel'  *a  80  'nominalizer' (lexically determined variant 1)    *hsɹ 81  'nominalizer' (lexically determined variant 2)    *ʔtshɹ 82  'causative-instrumental' (lexically determined variant 1)  *t  83  'causative-instrumental' (lexically determined variant 2)  *hst  84  'instrumental'    *hkw 85  'reversive' (PNI lexically determined variant 1)  *kʷ  86  'reversive' (lexically determined variant 2)    *hsj 87  'inchoative'    *ʔ 88  'dative-benefactive' (PNI lexically determined variant 1)  *ts  89  'dative-benefactive' (lexically determined variant 2)    *ẽ 90  'dative-benefactive' (lexically determined variant 3)    *ni 91  'dislocative' (lexically determined variant 1)    *n 92  'dislocative' (lexically determined variant 2)    *h 93  'dislocative' (lexically determined variant 3)    *ts 94  'dislocative' (lexically determined variant 4)    *tsɹ 95  'dislocative' (lexically determined variant 5, limited to Iroquoia)    *ɹ 96  'distributive' (lexically determined variant 1)    *njõː 97  'distributive' (lexically determined variant 2)    *nõː 98  'distributive' (lexically determined variant 3)    *hõː 99  'distributive' (lexically determined variant 4)    *õː 100  'distributive' (lexically determined variant 5)    *ɹõː 101  'distributive' (lexically determined variant 6)    *ɹjõː 102  'distributive' (lexically determined variant 7)    *tsõː 103  'distributive' (lexically determined variant 8)    *tsɹõː 104  'progressive'    *tjeʔ 105  'present suffix' (lexically determined variant 1)    *hs 106  'present suffix' (lexically determined variant 2)    *ts 107  'present suffix' (lexically determined variant 3)    *haʔ 108  'present suffix' (lexically determined variant 4)    *h 109  'imperfective suffix' (cf. Cherokee imperfective verbs inhsk)    *hsk 110  'past habitual suffix'    *kʷ 111  'punctual suffix' (lexically determined variant 1)    *ʔ 112  'punctual suffix' (lexically determined variant 2)    *ẽʔ 113  'punctual suffix' (lexically determined variant 3)    *Ø 114  'punctual suffix' (lexically determined variant 4)    *n 115  'perfect suffix' (lexically determined variant 1)    *õh 116  'perfect suffix' (lexically determined variant 2)    *ẽh 117  'perfect suffix' (lexically determined variant 3)    *Ø 118  'perfect suffix' (lexically determined variant 4)    *eʔ 119  'perfect suffix' (lexically determined variant 5)    *ih 120  'past perfect suffix'    *n 121  'facilitative suffix'    *nskõːh 122  'modalizer suffix'    *k 123  'noun suffix'    *aʔ 124  'authenticative suffix'    *õweh 125  'characterizer suffix'    *haːʔ 126  'decessive suffix'    *kẽh 127  'intensifier suffix'    *tsih 128  'locative suffix'    *keh 129  'populative suffix' (lexically determined variant 1)    *ɹonõʔ 130  'populative suffix' (lexically determined variant 2)    *kaːʔ

词汇
Julian (2010)构拟的词根与助词：

 序号  词义  原始易洛魁语  原始北部易洛魁语  原始莫霍克-Oneida  Huron （Huron-Petun共同语） 131  'path, road, trail'    *-ah-, *-(a)hah-    132  'be bad, be ugly, be useless'    *-(a)hetkẽʔ    133  'be salty, be sour'    *-ahjoʔtsihs, *-oʔtsihst-    134  'bark, wood, wood chips'    *-ahkaɹ-    135  'be ten'    *-ahnshẽːh    136  'ear'    *-(a)hõht-    137  'count'    *-(a)hɹaːt-    138  'hear, speak a language, understand'    *-ahɹõk-    139  'foot'  *-aːhs-, *-aːhsiʔt-      140  'three'    *ahsẽh    141  'string'      *ahsɹijeʔ  142  'shoe'    *-ahtahkʷ-, *ahtaʔ    143  'be forbidden, be prohibited, be strict, be taboo'    *-ahtjawẽɹeʔ    144  'abandon, give up, leave behind, let go, quit, release'    *-ahtkaʔw-    145  'disappear, vanish'    *-ahtõ-, *-ahtõʔ-    146  'hide'    *-ahtseht-    147  'argue for, compete for, contend for, fight for'    *-ahtskehnh-    148  'not yet, still'    *ahtsõh, *atsõh    149  'night'  *-ahtsõːh-      150  'connect, fasten, join together'    *-ahtsõtɹ-    151  'be durable, be hard, be strong'    *-akanst-, *-anst-, *-kanst-    152  'be a number, be an amount, be that many'    *-akeːh, *-keːh    153  'be bad'    *-aksẽːh    154  'cry'    *-anstaɹ-    155  'outdoors, outside'    *ansteh    156  'shoe'  *-aɹaːhsu-      157  'be cousins'    *-aɹaʔtseːʔ    158  'about, almost, approximately'  *aɹeʔ      159  'be inside, be one, be present, be within, exist'    *-aːt    160  'speak, talk'    *-atati-, *-atatj-    161  'bathe, swim'  *-atawẽ-      162  'climb over, go over'  *-atawẽːhɹat-      163  'be ashamed, be embarrassed'  *-ateːhẽːh-      164  'be burning, burn'    *-atek-    165  'burn, cause to burn, light a fire'    *-atekaʔt-    166  'use to light a fire'    *-atekaʔtahkw-    167  'be a doctor, cure, heal'    *-atetsjẽʔt-    168  'food taken along, provisions'    *-atẽnaʔtshɹ-    169  'be a member of the Wolf Clan' (limited to Iroquoia)    *-athahjõniːh    170  'be cold, be cold out, cold'    *-athoɹ-, *athoʔ    171  'hear'  *-athõː-      172  'garter' (limited to Iroquoia)    *-athsinh-, *-athsinhatshɹ-    173  'be burnt, be consumed, be used up, burn, use oneself up'    *-athsʔaht-    174  'abandon, throw, throw out'    *-ati-, *-atj-, *-õti-, *-õtj-    175  'draw, pull, stretch'    *-atiɹõːt-    176  'get dressed, put on' (limited to Iroquoia)    *-atjaʔtawiʔt-    177  'harbour, hold back, keep'      *-atjenawahst-  178  'be cheap, be easy, be profligate, squander'    *-atjets-    179  'look at'  *-atkahthw-      180  'purulence, pus'    *-atkẽhtsɹ-    181  'be a sorcerer, be a spirit, have inherent power'    *-atkõʔ    182  'axe'    *atokẽʔ    183  'spoon' (limited to Iroquoia)    *-atokw-, *-atokwaʔtshɹ-    184  'hunt'    *-atoɹaːt-    185  'breathe'  *-atõːɹ-      186  'laugh, laugh out loud' (limited to Iroquoia)    *-atõtaɹikt-    187  'meet, meet by chance'    *-atɹaʔ-    188  'grandchild, have as grandchild'    *-atɹe-    189  'be green, be new'  *-atseːʔ      190  'be glad, be happy'    *-atshẽnõni-    191  'dry out, dry up, evaporate, run dry'    *-atst-, *-atstathẽ-    192  'abandon, lend, let go, spare' (limited to Iroquoia)    *-atwẽteht-    193  'fence, palisade'    *-atʔẽhɹ-    194  'belong to, own, possess'    *-awẽh    195  'stir'    *-awẽɹi-, *-awẽɹj-    196  'water'  *awẽʔ      197  'be small'    *-aʔ-, *-aʔaːh    198  'lace, net, netting, web' (limited to Iroquoia)    *-aʔaɹ-    199  'dew'    *-aʔawj –    200  'strike'    *-aʔe-    201  'become dark, become night'    *-aʔkaɹaʔ-, *-aʔkɹaʔ-    202  'snow, snowflake' (limited to Iroquoia)    *-aʔkɹ-    203  'turtle' (limited to Iroquoia)    *-aʔnowaɹ-, *-ʔnowaɹ-    204  'be hot, be warm'    *-aʔtaɹihẽːh    205  'heat, sweat'    *-aʔtaɹihẽhsɹ-    206  'axe'    *-aʔtsɹ-    207  'be extinguished, fire to go out'    *-aʔtsw-    208  'extinguish, put out a fire'    *-aʔtswaht-    209  'come, go, go on foot, walk'  *-e-      210  'remember'    *-ehjahɹ-    211  'believe, think'  *-eːɹ-      212  'heart'    *-eɹjahs-    213  'a lot, much'    *etsoʔ, *itsoʔ, *itswaʔ    214  'above, high, over'    *eʔnkẽh, *heʔnkẽh    215  'flower' (limited to Iroquoia)    *-ẽh-    216  'day' (limited to Iroquoia)    *-ẽhnitsɹ-    217  'be uncle to, have as nephew or niece'    *-ẽhwatẽʔ, *-jẽhwatẽʔ    218  'be born, establish oneself'    *-ẽnakɹaːt-    219  'day'    *-ẽt-    220  'be finished, be over, be prepared, be ready, come to an end'    *-ẽtaʔ-    221  'drop, fall'  *-ẽʔ-      222  'nine'    *ẽʔtɹõʔ, *waʔtɹõh, *waʔtɹõʔ    223  'council fire, flame, torch'    *-hahsɹ-    224  'cornstalk, grass'    *-heɹ-    225  'shout, yell'    *-hẽɹeht-    226  'clearing, field, meadow'    *-hẽt-    227  'mark, write'    *-hjatõ-    228  'book, something marked, something written'    *-hjatõhsɹ-    229  'claw'  *-hkaɹ-      230  'current, moving water, rapids'    *-hnaw-    231  'arm, shoulder'  *-hnẽː-      232  'command, employ, hire'    *-hnhaʔ-    233  'door'    *-hnhoh-, *-hnhohw-    234  'close a door, door to be closed'    *-hnhotõ-    235  'have jowls protruding' (> cattle, cow)    *-hnh(o/õ)hskʷ(a/e)ɹõːt    236  'feed, put in the mouth'    *-hnhõtho-, *-hnhõthw-    237  'be durable, be hard, be solid, be strong'    *-hniɹ-    238  'thigh'    *-hnitsh-    239  'neck, throat'  *-hnj-      240  'tie'    *-hnɹ-    241  'basswood'    *-hohsɹ-, *-hotsɹ-    242  'bread'    *-hɹahkʷ-    243  'feather'    *-hɹaʔt-    244  'cut'    *-hɹen-    245  'fall, fall over'    *-hɹjenẽʔ-, *-ʔɹhjenẽʔ-    246  'tell' (limited to Iroquoia)    *-hɹoɹi-, *-hɹoɹj-    247  'name, reputation'    *-hsẽn-    248  'dough' (limited to Iroquoia)    *-hsheʔɹ-,-hsheʔɹh-    249  'depression, depth, hole, hollow.    *-hshõw-    250  'detest, dislike, hate'    *-hshwahẽ-, *-hshwẽ-    251  'ankle, knee'    *-hsinkoʔt-    252  'slow'  *-hskanẽ-      253  'be good' (limited to Iroquoia)    *-hskaːths    254  'deer'    *-hskẽnõtõʔ    255  'bone'    *-hskẽʔɹ-; *-hskẽʔɹakeht- 'be a warrior', lit. 'carry the bone'    256  'head'  *-hskʷ-      257  'finger, hand'    *-hsnõhs-, *-hsnõʔ    258  'be fast, be quick'  *-hsnuːɹiʔ      259  'be ancestor to, be grandparent to'    *-hsoːt    260  'build, make, prepare'  *-hsɹõːn-      261  'use'    *-hst-    262  'marrow'    *-hstahɹõw-    263  'be little, be small'  *-hsthwih, *-hstwih      264  'back'    *-hsw-    265  'board, wood'    *-hswẽʔkaɹ-, *-hwẽʔkaɹ-, *-hwẽʔkhaɹ-    266  'complete, exhaust, finish'    *-hsʔ-, *-ihsʔ-    267  'have as older sibling, have as older maternal female cousin'    *-htsiʔ    268  'colour, dye, paint'  *-htsuːhw-      269  'family'    *-hwatsiɹ-    270  'be round'    *-hweʔnõniːh    271  'foam'    *-hwẽʔnst-    272  'force, strength'    *-hwihsh-    273  'five'  *hwihsk      274  'metal, money'    *-hwihst-    275  'be, be the one, exist'  *-iː-      276  'be dead, die'    *-ihej-    277  'cross over'    *-ihjaʔk-, *-jahjaʔk-    278  'creek, river'    *-ijhõh-, *-ijhõhw-, *-wjhõh-    279  'be beautiful, be good, be great'    *-ijoːh    280  'emerge, go out, put out'    *-inkẽʔ-    281  'far'  *iːnõh      282  'mattress, sheet, spread'    *-inskaɹ-    283  'be sitting, sit' (limited to Iroquoia)    *-inskoːt    284  'saliva, spit, spittle'    *-inskɹ-    285  'fish scale'    *-inst-    286  'cliff, rock, rock bank'    *-instẽhɹ-, *-nstẽhɹ-    287  'sleep'    *-itaʔw-, *-itʔo-    288  'crowd, group'    *-itjohkʷ-    289  'you'    *iːts    290  'shoot'    *-iʔaːk-, *-iʔjaːk-, *-ʔjaːk-    291  'clan, clay, hearth'    *-iʔtaɹ-, *-ʔtaɹ-    292  'abide, dwell, reside, sit'    *-iʔtɹõ-    293  'exit, go out, leave'    *-jakẽʔ-    294  'footprint, gait, track'    *-jan-    295  'be a chief, be good, be lawful, be proper' (limited to Iroquoia)    *-janɹ-    296  'law'    *-janɹehsɹ-, *-janrẽhsɹ-    297  'break, cut'    *-jaʔk-    298  'being, body, carcass, corpse, person'    *-jaʔt-    299  'wake up'  *-je-      300  'add, contribute, mix'    *-jehst-    301  'capture, catch, grab'    *-jena-, *-jenaw-    302  'act, do, happen to'    *-jeɹ-    303  'be complete, be just, be perfect, be right'    *-jeɹi-    304  'body'  *-jeːɹõʔ-      305  'smile'  *-jeːts-      306  'be situated, exist, have, put down, set down, sit down'    *-jẽ-    307  'hit, strike'    *-jẽht-    308  'firewood, wood' (limited to Iroquoia)    *-jẽt-    309  'accumulate, beget, get, obtain'    *-jẽtaʔ-    310  'know'    *-jẽteɹ-    311  'plant, sow'    *-jẽtho-, *-jẽthw-    312  'flay, skin'    *-jẽtsɹ-    313  'have as child'    *-jẽʔ-    314  'smoke, tobacco'    *-jẽʔkʷ-    315  'enter'  *-jõ-      316  'eat'  *-k-      317  'butterfly'  *kahnaːwẽːh      318  'look at' (limited to Iroquoia)    *-kahnɹ-    319  'eye'    *-kahɹ-    320  'four'    *kajeɹih    321  'be old'  *-kajõ-      322  'anywhere, somewhere' (limited to Iroquoia)    *kankaʔ    323  'pipe'  *kanõːnowẽʔ      324  'bite'  *-kaɹ-      325  'account, price, story'    *-kaɹ-    326  'roll, turn around' (limited to Iroquoia)    *-kaɹhateni-, *-kaɹhatenj-    327  'invert, roll over, turn over'    *-kaɹhatho-, *-kaɹhathw-    328  'tree'    *kaɹhit, *keɹhit, *keɹhiʔ, *kɹaheːt, *kɹahit    329  'come here!'    *katsih    330  'paddle, row'  *-kaweː-      331  'lift, raise'    *-kensko-, *-kenskʷ-    332  'see'  *-kẽ-, *-kẽːh      333  'be old'    *-kẽhtsi-    334  'summer'    *-kẽnh-    335  'be white'    *-kẽɹat    336  'peel, scrape' (limited to Iroquoia)    *-kẽtsɹ-    337  'divide, separate'    *-kh-, *-khahsi-, *-khahsj-, *-khahsk-    338  'elbow'  *-khjuːhs-      339  'food, meal'    *-khw-    340  'chipmunk'  *kihɹjuʔkẽh      341  'dog'  *kiːɹ      342  'hair'  *-kiʔɹh-      343  'crow'  *koːhkaːʔ      344  'be a lot, be many, be much'  *-koʔtiʔ      345  'face'  *-kõːhs-      346  'eel'    *kõteh    347  'bowl, dish, plate'    *-kts-    348  'acorn, oak'  *kuːɹeh      349  'be big, be large'  *-kuwa-, *-kʷa-      350  'pick up'  *-kʷ-      351  'be able'    *-kʷeni-, *-kʷenj-    352  'that, the, this'  *nV(H)      353  'domestic animal, prisoner, slave'    *-nahskʷ-    354  'be autochthonous, dwell, reside'  *-nakɹ-      355  'bed, place, room, space'    *-nakt-, *-nakʷt-    356  'camp, city, settlement, town, village'    *-nat-    357  'grain, wheat'    *-natsj-    358  'be melted, be warm, be wet'  *-nawẽːh      359  'antler, horn'    *-naʔkaɹ-    360  'imitate'    *-naʔkeɹ-    361  'bread'    *-naʔtaɹ-    362  'call' (limited to Iroquoia)    *-naʔtõhkʷ-    363  'cauldron, kettle, pail, pot'    *-naʔtsj-    364  'liquid'  *-neː-      365  'ice'  *-neːhst-, *-neːhstwaɹ      366  'corn, grain, kernel'  *-nẽh-      367  'now'  *nẽh      368  'steal'  *-nẽːhskʷ-      369  'sand; stone'  *-nẽːj-      370  'arm'    *-nẽtsh-    371  'be stingy' (limited to Iroquoia)    *-niʔ-    372  'marry'    *-njaːk-    373  'neck'    *-njaɹ-    374  'lake'    *-njataɹ-    375  'wampum'    *-nkoʔɹ-, *-nkoʔɹh-    376  'blood'    *-nkõ-, *-nkʷẽhs-    377  'red' (limited to Iroquoia)    *-nkʷẽhtaɹ-    378  'begin to snow'    *-nkʷẽʔ-    379  'be cold'    *-noːh    380  'tooth'    *-noʔts-, *-noʔtsj-    381  'medicine'    *-nõhkʷ-, *-nõhkʷaʔt-, *-nõhkʷaʔtshɹ-    382  'house'  *-nõhs-      383  'be painful, be sore, hurt'    *-nõhwakt-    384  'admire, like'    *-nõhweʔ-    385  'hill, mountain'    *-nõt-    386  'corn soup, hominy' (limited to Iroquoia)    *-nõtaɹ-    387  'brain, head'  *-nõːtsiː-      388  'breast, milk'  *-nõʔt-      389  'fungus, mushroom'    *-nɹahs-    390  'leaf'    *-nɹaht-    391  'get involved, help'  *-nsteːɹ-      392  'corn husk'  *-nuːɹ-      393  'be difficult, be unable to, fail to do'  *-nuːɹõ-      394  'winter, year'    *-ohsɹ-    395  'throw' (limited to Iroquoia)    *-ojʔaːk-    396  'split'    *-oɹẽ-    397  'be, be standing, exist, stand upright'    *-oːt    398  'be at the end, end'    *-oʔkt-    399  'dig' (limited to Iroquoia)    *-oʔkʷaːt-    400  'hand'  *-oʔnj-      401  'be of a kind, be of a sort'    *-oʔtẽːh    402  'earth, land, world'    *-õhwẽtsj-    403  'go beyond, go through, leak, pass through, penetrate, reach'  *-õːkuːh-      404  'sift'  *-õːkuːhst-      405  'be a person, human being'    *-õkʷeh, *-õkʷehsɹ-, *-õkʷeʔt-    406  'be alive, life, live'  *-õːnh-      407  'rain'    *-õnoːt-    408  'pot'  *-õːt-      409  'put into the fire'  *-õːt-      410  'be attached, have as a body part'    *-õːt    411  'remove from the fire'  *-õːtakʷ-      412  'be a lake, lake'  *-õːtaɹiʔ      413  'be in, be on'    *-ɹ-    414  'moon to be present, planet to be present, sun to be present'    *-ɹ-    415  'moon, planet, sun'    *-ɹahkʷ-    416  'erase, rub out, wipe out'    *-ɹakew-    417  'choose, pick out, select'    *-ɹako-, *-ɹakw-    418  'sap, syrup'    *-ɹan-    419  'heel'    *-ɹat-    420  'climb'    *-ɹathẽ-, *-ɹaʔthẽ-    421  'adhere, stick, stick on'    *-ɹaʔnẽtaːk-    422  'incantation, song, spell, witchcraft'    *-ɹẽn-    423  'bush, forest, woods'    *-ɹhat-    424  'coat with, put on'      *-ɹho-  425  'be paternal aunt to'  *-ɹhok      426  'socks, leggings'  *-ɹiː-      427  'affair, business, thing, matter'    *-ɹihw-    428  'fight, kill'    *-ɹijo-, *-ɹjo-    429  'animal'    *-ɹjoːʔ    430  'blue, sky'    *-ɹõhj-    431  'log, tree'    *-ɹõt-    432  'chop'    *-ɹʔo-, *-ɹʔok-    433  'be present, exist'    *-t-    434  'and, besides'      *tahnũʔ  435  'run'    *-takh-    436  'woodpecker'  *taɹaːɹ      437  'flint'  *tawiːhskaɹaʔ      438  'two'    *tekniːh    439  'eight'    *tekɹõʔ    440  'change'    *-teni-, *-tenj-    441  'mosquito'  *-tẽːhs-      442  'alternate, differ'    *-tih-    443  'skunk'  *tiʔɹ      444  'nearby'        tjohskẽẽʔ 445  'snake'        tjoʔxjẽtsihk 446  'decay, rot, spoil'  *-tkẽː-      447  'how, how many, how much' (limited to Iroquoia)    *toːh    448  'be certain, be exact, be true'    *-tokẽːh    449  'stand'  *-toʔn-      450  'bluejay' (limited to Iroquoia)    *tɹiʔtɹiːʔ    451  'beans'    *tsaheʔ, *-tsaheʔt-    452  'bottle, gourd, jar'    *-tsheʔ, *-tsheʔt-, *-tsheʔw-    453  'club, fist, knot'    *-tsihkʷ-    454  'robin'  *tsiːhskʷoːʔkʷoːʔ      455  'otter, seal'  *tsiːjẽh      456  'salt'    *-tsikheʔt-    457  'be male'    *-tsin    458  'fire'  *-tsiːɹ      459  'coal, ember, fire, spark'    *-tsist-    460  'fox, lynx'    *tsitshoʔ    461  'bile, green, yellow'    *-tsiʔnkʷaɹ-    462  'bird'    *tsiʔtẽʔ    463  'corn tassel'  *-tsiːʔtsiːʔ      464  'seven'    *tsjatahk    465  'tobacco'  *-tsjoːɹ-      466  'six; seven'    *tsjotaɹeʔ    467  'fish'  *-tsjõʔt-      468  'be daughter-in-law'  *-tsoʔ      469  'dream, sleep'    *-tsɹẽht-    470  'put into the water'  *-uː-      471  'remove from the water'  *-uːkʷ-      472  'cover'  *-uːɹ-      473  'splash water, sprinkle'  *-uːtsɹ-      474  'whippoorwill'  *waʔkuhɹiːʔ      475  'say, speak'  *-we-      476  'language, voice, word'    *-wẽn-    477  'thumb' (limited to Iroquoia)    *-whjõhkaɹ-    478  'young person'  *-wiːnõːh      479  'baby, child, infant, offspring'    *-wiɹ-    480  'arm, fin, wing'    *-wj-    481  'wing'      *-wjahũtsh-  482  'learn, teach'    *-wjẽhst-    483  'know how, learn how'    *-wjẽhw-, *-wjẽw-, *-wjẽʔ-    484  'craft, manner, skill, way'    *-wjẽn-    485  'become capable, learn how'      *-wjʌ̃tehtaʔ-  486  'be good'  *-wohst      487  'air, wind'    *-wɹ-    488  'arrow'  *-ʔn-      489  'bone'    *-ʔnẽj-    490  'egg'    *-ʔnhõhs-    491  'mind, spirit'    *-ʔnikõhɹ-    492  'be late, delay'    *-ʔnitsko-, *-ʔnitskʷ-    493  'escape, flee, run away'    *-ʔnjakẽʔ-    494  'nose'  *-ʔnjõːhs-      495  'be envious, be jealous, envy'    *-ʔnonsh-    496  'be powerful, be strong'    *-ʔnshanst-    497  'drown, fall into water'    *-ʔtskoʔ-    498  'drag, drive, pull, ride'    *-ʔtsɹ-   

参考文献



 Barbeau, Marius. (1960). Huron-Wyandot Traditional Narratives in Translations and Native Texts. Ottawa: National Museum of Canada, Bulletin 165, Anthropological Series No. 47.
Chafe, Wallace. (1977a). "Accent and Related Phenomena in the Five Nations Iroquois Languages". In Larry Hyman, ed. Studies in Stress and Accent, 169–181. Southern California Occasional Papers in Linguistics 4.
Michelson, Karin. (1988). A Comparative Study of Lake-Iroquoian Accent. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Rudes, Blair. (1995). "Iroquoian Vowels". Anthropological Linguistics 37: 16–69.
Lounsbury, Floyd. (1961). Iroquois-Cherokee Linguistic Relations. In William Fenton and John Gulick, eds. Symposium on Cherokee and Iroquois Culture. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 180, 11–17.
 Lounsbury, Floyd G. (1978). "Iroquoian Languages". in Bruce G. Trigger (ed.). Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 15: Northeast. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution. pp. 334–343. .
Mooney, James. (1900). Myths of the Cherokee. 19th Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, Part 1, 3–548. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.

易洛魁
Category:易洛魁语系