郎世宁伯爵夫人弗吉尼亚·奥尔多尼

郎世宁伯爵夫人弗吉尼亚·奥尔多伊尼（，），意大利女贵族、间谍和摄影师Munhall, Edgar, Whistler and Montesquiou: The Butterfly and the Bat (NY, 1995), 42，同时也被认为是历史上第一位时尚模特。她是加富尔伯爵的表妹。她活跃在19世纪的欧洲宫廷，并以出色的社交与情报搜集能力结识了众多知名人物，其中的密友包括法国皇帝拿破仑三世与意大利国王维托里奥·埃马努埃莱二世等。

 参考文献 

 延伸阅读 
 Hamish Bowles, "Vain Glory" in Vogue (Aug 2000), 242–245, 270-271
 Alain Decaux, La Castiglione, d’après sa correspondence et son journal inédits (Librairie académique Perrin, 1953)
 Claude Dufresne La comtesse de Castiglione  (Broché, 2002)
 Massimo Grillandi, La contessa di Castiglione (Milan: Rusconi, 1978)
 Max Henry, "Gotham Dispatch" , review of an exhibit at the Metropolitan Museum of Art September 19, 2000 – December 31, 2000, accessed 30 March 2005
 Heather McPherson, "La Divine Comtesse: (Re)presenting the Anatomy of a Countess," in The Modern Portrait in Nineteenth Century France (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001), 38-75
 Isaure de Saint-Pierre, La Dame de Coeur, un amour de Napoléon III] (Albin Michel, 2006), 
 Abigail Solomon-Godeau, "The Legs of the Countess," in October 39 (Winter 1986): 65-108. Reprinted in Emily Apter and William Pletz, eds., Fetishism as Cultural Discourse (Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1993), 266-306
 Roger L. Williams, Gaslight and Shadow: The World of Napoleon III (NY: Macmillan, 1957), Ch. 6: "The Countess of Castiglione"
 aboutthearts.com: "Indepth Art News" , notice of an exhibit at the Musée d'Orsay October 12, 1999 – January 23, 2000, accessed 30 March 2005
 "La Divine Comtesse": Photographs of the Countess de Castiglione, catalog for a 2000 exhibition of the Countess de Castiglione photos at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, 

 外部链接 

 Metropolitan Museum of Art: "La Divine Comtesse"  (with sample photos)
 Short article in Artnet about the Countess de Castiglione  (with sample photos)
 Review of "La Divine Comtesse": Photographs of the Countess de Castiglione  (book review)
 Five Countess de Castiglione photos can be found here (scroll down to the middle)

Category:1837年出生
Category:1899年逝世
Category:佛罗伦萨人
Category:意大利贵族
Category:意大利摄影师
Category:19世纪间谍
Category:移民法国的意大利人
Category:安葬于拉雪兹神父公墓者