1-氨基乙醇

1-氨基乙醇（）是一种有机化合物，化学式为CH3CH(NH2)OH。它被归类为烷醇胺。具体来说，它是2-氨基乙醇的结构异构体。这两种化合物的氨基位置不同。由于1-氨基乙醇的中心碳原子有四个不同的取代基，因此该化合物有两种立体异构体。与在商业中相当重要的2-氨基乙醇不同，1-氨基乙醇不会作为纯物质出现，主要具有理论意义。

1-氨基乙醇存在于乙醛和氨水的溶液中。

1-氨基乙醇被认为是丙氨酸合成的斯特雷克反应的中间体。

 历史 
1-氨基乙醇于1833年由德国化学家约翰·沃尔夫冈·德贝莱纳首先制备；其最简式最早由德国化学家尤斯图斯·冯·李比希于1835年确定。Liebig, Justus (1835) "Ueber die Producte der Oxydation des Alkohols"  (On the products of oxidation of alcohol [i.e., ethanol]), Annalen der Chemie, 14 :  133–167.  In 1821, Döbereiner had prepared what he called Saüerstoffäther (literally:  ether oxide), which, as Liebig later showed, contained acetaldehyde.  On p. 134, Liebig states that Döbereiner first produced 1-amino-ethanol by perfusing acetaldehyde (Saüerstoffäther or Aldehyd, as Liebig called it) with ammonia gas (Ammoniak) :  "Der berühmte Entdecker des Acetals theilte mir damals gleichzeitig mit, dass sein Saüerstoffäther mit Ammoniakgas eine weisse krystallinische Verbingdung bilde; ... " (The famous discoverer of acetal [viz, Döbereiner] simultaneously communicated to me at that time that his ether oxide forms a white crystalline compound with ammonia gas; ... )  On p. 146, Liebig presented his empirical formula for 1-aminoethanol:  CHNO.  If the subscripts are divided by 2, the resulting formula is correct.1-氨基乙醇的结构直到1877年仍未得到证实，当时德裔意大利化学家罗伯特·希夫证明其结构为 CH3CH(OH)NH2。Although it had long been assumed that the structure of 1-aminoethanol was CHCH(OH)NH, it had not been proven that 1-aminoethanol contained a hydroxyl (-OH) group until Schiff's investigation in 1877.  See:

 Schiff, Robert (1877) "Zur Constitution des Chloralammoniaks und des Aldehydammoniaks,"  Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft, 10 : 165–171.
 Aschan, Ossian (1915) "Neues über Aldehyd-ammoniak und Chloral-ammoniak."  Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft, 48 (1) :  874–891.

 参考资料 

Category:伯醇
Category:胺
Category:1830年代发现的物质