食果啄木鸟属

食果啄木鸟属，是啄木鸟科的一個屬。該屬包括24個種，其中大多數具有顯眼的黑白條紋，夾雜紅色與黃色。

分類
1832年，首次引入食果啄木鸟属以歸納红头啄木鸟（學名：Melanerpes erythrocephalus）。 斯文森的論文扉頁寫明的日期是1831年，但該書在次年才正式出版食果啄木鸟属屬於食果啄木鸟族，後者還包括吸汁啄木鳥屬的北美吸汁啄木鳥和古巴綠啄木鳥屬。

特徵
食果啄木鳥屬中的鳥類體格介於小和中等之間，僅分布於新大陸。其中部分物種是西印度群島的特有種。one subspecies, the Grand Bahama West Indian woodpecker (M. superciliaris bahamensis) became extinct in the 1950s. The majority of the species are from Central and South America. Most species are boldly marked in black and white, with some areas of red and yellow. The beaks are long and pointed, and sometimes curved. The sexes differ in many species, both in colour and in size.

Some species such as the acorn woodpecker and the yellow-tufted woodpecker are sociable, foraging in groups, communicating vocally and nesting communally. These have complex breeding systems including some non-breeding adult helpers assisting in rearing the young. Like other woodpeckers, insects form a large part of the diet, being caught on the wing in some species, but fruit is also eaten in large quantities and some species consume 樹液. They all nest in holes that they excavate in trees, and the red-crowned woodpecker and the Hoffmann's woodpecker are unusual in that they sometimes enter their holes backwards.

物種
該屬其中包括了25個種類:
 照片  中文譯名  學名  主要分布120px  白啄木  Melanerpes candidus Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay and Argentina.120px 劉易氏啄木  Melanerpes lewis  western and central United States120px 瓜德魯普啄木   Melanerpes herminieri  Guadeloupe archipelago 120px Puerto Rican woodpecker  Melanerpes portoricensis Puerto Rico 120px 红头啄木鸟   Melanerpes erythrocephalus southern Canada and the east-central United States.120px Acorn woodpecker  Melanerpes formicivorus  Oregon, California, and the southwestern United States, south through Central America to Colombia.120px  Yellow-tufted woodpecker   Melanerpes cruentatus Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. 120px Yellow-fronted woodpecker   Melanerpes flavifrons  Brazil, Paraguay and far northeastern Argentina.120px  Golden-naped woodpecker   Melanerpes chrysauchen Costa Rica and western Panama120px Beautiful woodpecker   Melanerpes pulcher Colombia. 120px Black-cheeked woodpecker  Melanerpes pucherani southeastern Mexico south to western Ecuador. 120px 白额啄木鸟  Melanerpes cactorum  Bolivia, Paraguay and Argentina.120px Hispaniolan woodpecker   Melanerpes striatus Hispaniola (Haiti and the Dominican Republic)120px Jamaican woodpecker  Melanerpes radiolatus Jamaica.120px Golden-cheeked woodpecker   Melanerpes chrysogenys Mexico120px  Grey-breasted woodpecker   Melanerpes hypopolius southwestern Mexico. 120px Yucatan woodpecker  Melanerpes pygmaeus  Belize and Mexico120px Red-crowned woodpecker  Melanerpes rubricapillus Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas and Tobago.120px Gila woodpecker  Melanerpes uropygialis southwestern United States and western Mexico.120px Hoffmann's woodpecker  Melanerpes hoffmannii  southern Honduras south to Costa Rica120px 金额啄木鸟   Melanerpes aurifrons  Texas and Oklahoma in the United States through Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras and northern Nicaragua.120px  Velasquez's woodpecker  Melanerpes santacruzi southern Mexico and parts of Central America.120px 红腹啄木鸟   Melanerpes carolinus  eastern United States120px 大紅腹啄木鸟   Melanerpes superciliaris  Bahamas, the Cayman Islands and Cuba. 

Melanerpes shawi (extinct: Late Pleistocene)

 註釋 

参考文献

外部链接

 動物多樣性網 

*

S