蒂奥得螺属

蒂奥得螺属（學名：）是腹足綱蜑螺科軟體動物的一個属，體型細小，有螺厴，棲息於淡水或半咸水環境中Bouchet, P. (2014). Theodoxus Montfort, 1810. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=153531  on 2014-11-17.。

 分佈 
本屬物種分佈於歐洲及北非，並往東延伸至。除本屬以外，蜑螺科並沒有其他屬與本屬具。這在蜑螺科相當例外，因為其他蜑螺科物種只分佈於南半球的熱帶。本屬物種均為蜑螺科僅有棲息於温带的物種。

Bunje 和 Lindberg (2007) 提出了Theodoxus分支的第一个系统发育假说。 Bunje P. M. & Lindberg D. R. (2007). "Lineage divergence of a freshwater snail clade associated with post-Tethys marine basin development". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 42(2): 373–387. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.06.026. Theodoxus属的进化受到中新世地中海与副特提斯海分离的影响。 

 形態描述 
Representative row of radula teeth of T. fluviatilis|thumb
本屬物種的螺殼呈半卵形，具有平坦的殼口。沒有。及內溶解。

蒂奥得螺属物種間的差異，無論是大小、外殼膜上的顏色與花紋變化、螺厣及齒舌的細節都有很大差異，這使得本屬物種的辨認比較困難Zettler M. L., Frankowski J., Bochert R. & Röhner M. (2004). "Morphological and ecological features of Theodoxus fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758) from Baltic brackish water and German freshwater populations".  38(3): 305-316. .pdf PDF.。

 生態 
These animals live on stones, and often also under stones, in up to 5–6 m depth or deeper, feeding on algal covers. Theodoxus  needs rough surfaces in order to be able to digest its food, so a stony 基质 (生物生活环境) is necessary. Green algae  are not consumed; Theodoxus  has no 纤维素酶s. These snails lay egg capsules containing 30-70 eggs each, usually on the shells of other Theodoxus  animals; only one juvenile grows, the other eggs serve as food.

 物種 
截至2007年，還未有對蒂奥得螺属作系統評價的研究。Bunje (2004) 的研究指出本屬至少有34個現害種；而在2015年度的國際自然保護聯盟瀕危物種紅色名錄列出了本屬包括有至少23個物種The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 23 March 2015. (Searching for "Theodoxus".)。

本屬包括下列各物種：
 Subgenus Brusinaella Andrusov, 1912Andrussov (1912). Verh. Russ. min. Ges. St. Pétersburg (2)49: 4
 † Theodoxus petasatus (Seninski, 1905) 
 Subgenus Calvertia Bourguignat, 1880Bourguignat (1880). Etude Foss. Tert. Quat. Vallée Cettina, page 44.

 † Theodoxus acuticarinatus (Fuchs, 1870) 
 † Theodoxus amblygonioides Wenz, 1930 
 † Theodoxus amethystinus (Brusina, 1874)
 † Theodoxus anconae (Capellini, 1880)
 † Theodoxus angularis Gozhik, 2002 
 † Theodoxus anonymus Anistratenko & Gozhik, 1995 
 † Theodoxus atticus Kühn, 1963
 † Theodoxus barakovici (Brusina, 1902)
 † Theodoxus bessarabicus (Sinzov, 1896)
 † Theodoxus brusinai (Pavlović, 1931)
 † Theodoxus capellinii (Pantanelli, 1876)
 † Theodoxus capillaceus (Brusina, 1874)
 † Theodoxus crescens (Fuchs, 1870)
 † Theodoxus doderleini (d'Ancona, 1869)
 † Theodoxus dumortieri (Fontannes, 1878)
 † Theodoxus fasciatus Gozhik in Gozhik & Datsenko, 2007 
 † Theodoxus gnezdai (Brusina, 1884)
 † Theodoxus grateloupianus (Férussac, 1823)
 † Theodoxus hoernesanus (Semper, 1867)
 † Theodoxus ingulenzis Gozhik in Gozhik & Datsenko, 2007 
 † Theodoxus kalodictya (Andrusov, 1909)
 † Theodoxus koslinskyi (Porumbaru, 1881)
 † Theodoxus lamellatus (Brusina, 1892)
 † Theodoxus lineatus (Sinzov, 1896)
 † Theodoxus lorkovici (Brusina, 1878)
 † Theodoxus macedonicus Wenz, 1943 
 † Theodoxus maculosus Gozhik in Gozhik & Datsenko, 2007 
 † Theodoxus mayeri (Semper, 1867)
 † Theodoxus militaris (Neumayr, 1869)
 † Theodoxus miljkovici (Brusina, 1902)
 † Theodoxus millepunctatus (Brusina, 1902)
 † Theodoxus moeschi Locard, 1893 
 † Theodoxus morulus Kühn, 1963 
 † Theodoxus mutinensis (d'Ancona, 1869)
 † Theodoxus neumayri (Burgerstein, 1877)
 † Theodoxus nitens Gozhik, 2002 
 † Theodoxus nivosus (Brusina, 1874)
 † Theodoxus novorossicus (Sinzov, 1896)
 † Theodoxus obtusangulaeformis Gozhik, 2002 
 † Theodoxus oxytropida (Andrusov, 1909)
 † Theodoxus pavlovici Milošević, 1983 
 † Theodoxus philippianus Locard, 1883 
 † Theodoxus pilari (Brusina, 1884)
 † Theodoxus platystoma (Brusina, 1874)
 † Theodoxus pseudodanubialis (Sinzov, 1896)
 † Theodoxus pseudofluviatilis Locard, 1893 
 † Theodoxus pseudograteloupanus (Sinzov, 1884)
 † Theodoxus radmanesti (Fuchs, 1870)
 † Theodoxus radovanovici (Brusina, 1893)
 † Theodoxus reiseri (Brusina, 1902)
 † Theodoxus rugosus (Pavlović, 1931)
 † Theodoxus sagittiferus (Brusina, 1874)
 † Theodoxus schachmaticus (Andrusov, 1909)
 † Theodoxus scoliogramma (Brusina, 1884)
 † Theodoxus semidentatus (Sandberger, 1875)
 † Theodoxus serrulatus (Brusina, 1892)
 † Theodoxus slavonicus (Brusina, 1878)
 † Theodoxus sophievkaensis Gozhik in Gozhik & Datsenko, 2007 
 † Theodoxus stanae (Brusina, 1893)
 † Theodoxus stefanescui (Fontannes, 1887)
 † Theodoxus stefanescuiformis Gozhik in Gozhik & Datsenko, 2007 
 † Theodoxus subquadrofasciatus Gozhik, 2002 
 † Theodoxus subslavonicus Gozhik, 2002 
 † Theodoxus sundicus (Andrusov, 1909)
 † Theodoxus suskalovici (Pavlović, 1903)
 † Theodoxus sycophantus (Brusina, 1878)
 † Theodoxus tropidophorus (Brusina, 1884)
 † Theodoxus turbinatus (Fuchs, 1870)
 † Theodoxus veljetinensis (Pavlović, 1903)
 † Theodoxus venustus (Brusina, 1897)
 † Theodoxus xanthozona (Brusina, 1884)
 † Theodoxus zagradovkaensis Gozhik, 2002 
 † Theodoxus zivkovici (Pavlović, 1903) 

Subgenus Neritonyx Andrusov, 1912Andrussov (1912). Verh. Russ. min. Ges. St. Pétersburg (2)49: page 4 (Brusinaella) and page 1 (Neritonyx).	
 † Theodoxus unguiculatus (Seninski, 1905)

Subgenus Ninniopsis Tomlin, 1930 (1930). "Some preoccupied generic names.—II".  19(1): 22-24, page 24.
 † Theodoxus colchicus (Andrusov, 1912)

Subgenus Neritaea Roth, 1855Roth (1855). Malak. Bl. 2: 56.
  (Récluz, 1841)"Neritaea" . Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 12 April 2011.
 † Theodoxus groyanus (Férussac, 1823) 
  (Sowerby)
 † Theodoxus micans (Gaudry & Fischer in Gaudry, 1867) 
  (Reeve, 1856) - synonym: Theodoxus africanus (Reeve, 1856)
 † Theodoxus subdoricus Schütt, 1976 
 Theodoxus subterrelictus Schütt, 1963
 Theodoxus peloponensis (Récluz, 1841)
 Theodoxus varius (Menke, 1828)

Subgenus Theodoxus Montfort, 1810

  Schütt, 1965"Species in genus Theodoxus "  (n=20). , accessed 11 April 2011. Schütt H. (1965). "Zur Systematik und Ökologie türkischer Süßwasserprosobranchier". Zoologische Mededelingen 41(3): 43-72, Plate 1. abstract ,  PDF .
 Theodoxus baeticus (Lamarck, 1822)"Theodoxus " . Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 12 April 2011.
 † Theodoxus becenensis (Cobălcescu, 1883) 
 † Theodoxus brenneri (Handmann, 1882) 
 † Theodoxus carasiensis Jekelius, 1944 
 † Theodoxus constantiae Stefanescu, 1896 
 † Theodoxus culceri (Porumbaru, 1881) 
 † Theodoxus cyrtocelis (Krauss, 1852) 
  	(Pfeiffer, 1828)
 † Theodoxus denisluensis (Oppenheim, 1919) 
 † Theodoxus deperditus (Almera, 1894) 
 † Theodoxus elongatulus (Philippi, 1844) 
 † Theodoxus eugenii Jekelius, 1944 
  (Clessin, 1886)
  (Linnaeus, 1758) - 模式種.Anistratenko V. V. (2005). "Lectotypes for Tricolia pullus, Gibbula divaricata and Theodoxus fluviatilis (Mollusca, Gastropoda) revisited". Vestnik zoologii 39(6): 3-10. PDF  . synonyms: Theodoxus brauneri (Lindholm, 1908) (but as separate species per); Theodoxus brauneri f. lacrymans Lindholm, 1908; Theodoxus brauneri f.  alboguttata Lindholm, 1908; Theodoxus brauneri f. pulherrima Lindholm, 1908; Theodoxus lutetianus Montfort, 1810. Bunje (2005) PDF . does not consider Theodoxus velox Anistratenko, 1999Anistratenko O. Y.,  & Anistratenko V. V. (1999). "Mollusks of the genus Theodoxus  (Gastropoda, Pectinibranchia, Neritidae) from the Black and the Azov seas basin". Vestnik Zoologii 33: 11-19. to be a distinct species from Theodoxus fluviatilis.
 † Theodoxus gregarius (Thomä, 1845) 
 Theodoxus heldreichi (Martens, 1879)
 † Theodoxus hisingeri (Bellardi & Michelotti, 1841) 
 Theodoxus hispalensis (Martens, 1879)
 † Theodoxus jekeliusi Jurišić-Polšak, 1979 
 † Theodoxus leobersdorfensis (Handmann, 1887) 
  (Philippi, 1836)
 † Theodoxus milessii Papp, 1979 
 † Theodoxus moosbrunnensis Papp, 1953 
 † Theodoxus morellii (Bellardi & Michelotti, 1841) 
  Lindholm, 1924 - synonym: Theodoxus lituratus (Eichwald, 1838)
 † Theodoxus pilidei (Tournouër, 1879) 
  (Pfeiffer, 1828)
 † Theodoxus punctatolineatus (Sinzov, 1896) 
  (Bourguignat, 1852)
 † Theodoxus scamandrius (Calvert & Neumayr, 1880) 
 † Theodoxus semiplicatus (Neumayr in Herbich & Neumayr, 1875) 
 † Theodoxus simplex (Fuchs, 1877) 
 † Theodoxus subglobosus (Eichwald, 1853) 
  (Bourguignat in Issel, 1865) or Theodoxus fluviatilis subthermalis Issel, 1865
  (Pfeiffer, 1828)
 † Theodoxus trifasciatus (Grateloup, 1839) 
 † Theodoxus turislavicus Jekelius, 1944 
  (Graells, 1846)
 † Theodoxus zografi (Brusina, 1902) 

Subgenus ?

 † Theodoxus abnormis (Jenkins, 1864) 
 † Theodoxus almelae (Revilla, 1958) 
 Theodoxus astrachanicus Starobogatov, 1994Kantor Yu I., Vinarski M. V., Schileyko A. A. & Sysoev A. V. (published online on March 2, 2010). "Catalogue of the continental mollusks of Russia and adjacent territories". Version 2.3.1. 
 † Theodoxus banaticus Jekelius, 1944 
 † Theodoxus bohotinensis (Simionescu & Barbu, 1940) 
 † Theodoxus bolivari (Royo Gómez, 1922) 
 † Theodoxus bukowskii (Oppenheim, 1919) 
 Theodoxus cariosus (Wood, 1828)
  (Leach, 1815)WoRMS (2010). Theodoxus coronatus (Leach, 1815). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=216264  on 2011-04-11
 † Theodoxus crenulatus (Klein, 1853) 
 † Theodoxus cunici (Brusina, 1892) 
 Theodoxus danasteri (Lindholm, 1908)
  † Theodoxus doricus (Neumayr, 1880)
  (Clessin, 1886)
 Theodoxus gloeri Odabaşi & Arslan, 2015
 Theodoxus gurur Sands & Glöer, 2020
 † Theodoxus hellenicus (Bukowski, 1896) 
 † Theodoxus imbricatus (Brusina, 1878) 
 † Theodoxus intracarpaticus Jekelius, 1944 
 Theodoxus karasuna
  † Theodoxus licherdopoli (Stefanescu, 1896)
 Theodoxus luteofasciatus (Miller, 1879)
 Theodoxus macri (Sowerby, 1849)
  (Bourguignat, 1864)
 Theodoxus marteli (Pallary, 1920)
 Theodoxus milachevitchi Golikov & Starobogatov, 1966
 Theodoxus mutinensis
  (Récluz, 1841)
 Theodoxus olivaceus
  Lindholm, 1924
  Theodoxus pallidus Dunker, 1861
 † Theodoxus pappi Sauerzopf, 1952 
 † Theodoxus paradisii (Magrograssi, 1928) 
 † Theodoxus patrae Esu & Girotti, 2015 
 † Theodoxus percarinatus (Oppenheim, 1919) 
 Theodoxus pilidei (Tournouêr, 1879)
 † Theodoxus politioanei Jekelius, 1944 
 † Theodoxus politus Jekelius, 1944 
 Theodoxus poppei Ahuir, 2020
 † Theodoxus postcrenulatus Papp, 1953 
 † Theodoxus prozlatarici Jekelius, 1944 
 † Theodoxus pseudodacicus Neubauer, Harzhauser, Georgopoulou, Mandic & Kroh, 2014 †
 † Theodoxus quadrifasciatus (Bielz, 1864) †
Theodoxus reticularis Sowerby, 1838Madhyastha A., Dutta J. & Daniel B. A. (2010). Theodoxus reticularis. In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 11 April 2011. IT IS A SYNONYM OF Clithon reticularis http://oldredlist.iucnredlist.org/details/166739/0 -->
 † Theodoxus reticulatus Pană, 1990 
Theodoxus retropictus UNREFERENCED - see probably Clithon retropictum -->
 † Theodoxus rhodiensis (Tournouër in Fischer, 1877) 
 Theodoxus sarmaticus (Lindholm, 1901)
 Theodoxus schultzii (Grimm, 1877)Zettler M. L. (2007). "A redescription of Theodoxus schultzii (Grimm, 1877), an endemic neritid gastropod of the Caspian Sea".  39(3): 245-252. abstract. 
 † Theodoxus scriptus (Stefanescu, 1896) 
 † Theodoxus serratiliniformis Geyer, 1914Glöer P. (2002). Die Süßwassergastropoden Nord- und Mitteleuropas. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands, ConchBooks, Hackenheim, 326 pp., .
 † Theodoxus sinjanus (Brusina, 1876) 
 † Theodoxus soceni Jekelius, 1944 
 † Theodoxus sphaeroidalis (Revilla, 1958) 
 † Theodoxus spratti (Jenkins, 1864)
 † Theodoxus stoicai Neubauer, Harzhauser, Georgopoulou, Mandic & Kroh, 2014 
  Bourguignat in Issel, 1865
 † Theodoxus susuzianus Harzhauser, Neubauer & Hoşgör, 2018 
 † Theodoxus timisensis Jekelius, 1944 
 † Theodoxus trilophosensis Rust, 1997 
 Theodoxus velascoi (Graëlls, 1846)
  V. Anistratenko in O. Anistratenko, Starobogatov & V. Anistratenko, 1999
 Theodoxus vespertinus (Sowerby II, 1849)
 Theodoxus wesselinghi Sands & Glöer, 2020
 Theodoxus wilkei Sands & Glöer, 2020
 † Theodoxus zlatarici Brusina, 1902) 

Synonyms
 † Theodoxus burdigalensis (d'Orbigny, 1852) : synonym of †  Theodoxus (Theodoxus) trifasciatus (Grateloup, 1839) 
 Theodoxus cariosus (Wood, 1828) and Theodoxus cariosa are synonyms of Neritina cariosa (Wood, 1828)Goodwin D. R. (2006). "The Discovery of Neritina (Theodoxus ) cariosa (Wood, 1828) on the Island of Maui, Hawaii (Gastropoda: Neritidae)". Visaya Net 11 pp. PDF .
 † Theodoxus dacicus Jekelius, 1944: synonym of † Theodoxus (Theodoxus) leobersdorfensis dacicus Jekelius, 1944 
 Theodoxus doriae Issel, 1865: synonym of  Theodoxus fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758) represented as Theodoxus (Theodoxus) fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758)
 Theodoxus euphraticus (Mousson, 1874)Mansoorian A. (2001). "Freshwater Gastropod of Khuzestan Province, South-West Iran". Iranian Int. J. Sci. 2(2): 9 pp. PDF . is a synonym of  Mousson, 1874Glöer P. &  (2012). "The freshwater snails (Gastropoda) of Iran, with descriptions of two new genera and eight new species". ZooKeys 219: 11-61, .
 † Theodoxus intracarpatica Jekelius, 1944 : synonym of  † Theodoxus intracarpaticus Jekelius, 1944 
 Theodoxus lutetianus Montfort, 1810: synonym of Theodoxus fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758) represented as Theodoxus (Theodoxus) fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758)
 † Theodoxus mariae (Handmann, 1887): synonym of † Neritina mariae Handmann, 1887 
 † Theodoxus martensi (Brusina, 1884): synonym of † Ninnia martensi (Brusina, 1884)
 Theodoxus neglectus is a synonym of Neritina neglecta (Pease, 1861)
 † Theodoxus oslavanensis Rzehak, 1893: synonym of † Theodoxus (Theodoxus) cyrtocelis austriacus (Rzehak, 1893) 
 Theodoxus oualaniense (Lesson, 1831): synonym of  Checked: verified by a taxonomic editorClithon oualaniense (Lesson, 1831)
 † Theodoxus perlongus Jekelius, 1944: synonym of † Theodoxus (Theodoxus) zografi perlongus Jekelius, 1944 
 † Theodoxus petralbensis Jekelius, 1944: synonym of † Theodoxus (Theodoxus) zografi petralbensis Jekelius, 1944 
 † Theodoxus pictus (Férussac, 1823): synonym of † Agapilia picta (Férussac, 1823) 
 Theodoxus reclivatus Say, 1822: synonym of   (Röding, 1798)
 † Theodoxus rumanus (Stefanescu, 1896): synonym of † Theodoxus (Calvertia) stefanescui (Fontannes, 1887) 
 † Theodoxus scamandri (Calvert & Neumayr, 1880):  synonym of † Theodoxus (Theodoxus) scamandrius (Calvert & Neumayr, 1880) 
 Theodoxus vespertinus : synonym of Neritina vespertinus (Sowerby, 1849)
 † Theodoxus vetranici (Brusina, 1902): synonym of † Neritina vetranici (Brusina, 1902) 
 Theodoxus virginea (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of  (Linnaeus, 1758)
 † Theodoxus (Vittoclithon) pictus bizonalis (Grateloup, 1839): synonym of † Agapilia picta bizonalis (Grateloup, 1839)

 參考文獻 
本條目包含源自公有领域的內容"Genus summary for Theodoxus " . , last modified 24 February 2009, accessed 11 April 2011.：

 Eichhorst T.E. (2016). Neritidae of the world. Volume 2. Harxheim: Conchbooks. Pp. 696-1366

 外部連結 



Category:蜑螺科
Category:有未列明来源语句的条目