雅典娜神庙 (锡拉库萨)

雅典娜神庙是意大利锡拉库萨的一座带门廊的围柱式建筑，多立克柱式的希腊神庙。公元前5世纪，僭主格隆在希梅拉战役中战胜迦太基人后，建造了这座神庙。这个地点的神庙的历史最早可追溯到公元前8世纪，在二十世纪初的发掘中发现了一座祭坛，属于公元前六世纪中期的一座神庙。

 历史

就在雅典娜神庙所在的地方，曾经有另一座更古老的神庙，也是多立克柱式的，1912年和1917年的考古挖掘发现证实了这一点。 其中一些建筑元素、陶塑和一部分祭坛，可追溯到公元前六世纪。

根据文献来源，雅典娜神庙是由叙拉古的第一任僭主格隆所建，在公元前480年希梅拉战役中战胜迦太基人后。

正如西塞罗以及柏拉图和阿特納奧斯所证明的那样，这座神庙是献给智慧和战争女神雅典娜的。Cicero, Verrine II.4.122。西塞罗在他的演讲中提供了大量的细节。Aedis Minervae est in Insula, de qua ante dixi; quam Marcellus non attigit, quam plenam atque ornatam reliquit; quae ab isto sic spoliata atque direpta est, non ut ab hoste aliquo, qui tamen in bello religionem et consuetudinis iura retineret, sed ut a barbaris praedonibus vexata esse videatur. Pugna erat equestris Agathocli regis in tabulis picta; iis autem tabulis interiores templi parietes vestiebantur. Nihil erat ea pictura nobilius, nihil Syracusis quod magis videndum putaretur. Has tabulas M. Marcellus, cum omnia victoria illa sua profana fecisset, tamen religione impeditus non attigit; iste, cum illa iam propter diuturnam pacem fidelitatemque populi Syracusani sacra religiosaque accepisset, omnes eas tabulas abstulit, parietes, quorum ornatus tot saecula manserant, tot bella effugerant, nudos ac deformatos reliquit.

There is a temple of Minerva on the island, which I mentioned before, which Marcellus did not touch, which remained complete and decorated, which has been despoiled and ruined by that man [Verres]. It would seem to have been wrecked not by an enemy general (on the contrary, the general maintained religion and the customary law) but by barbarian hordes. There was a painting on panels of a battle, with King Agathokles on horseback; the inside walls of the temple were covered with these panels. Nothing was more famous than this picture, nothing in Syracuse was considered more worthwhile to see. Although he had made all things un-sacred by his victory, Marcus Marcellus did not touch these panels, held back by his own religious feeling. But although they had regained their sacred and religious character thanks to the enduring submission and loyalty of the Syracusan people, that man [Verres] removed all the panels and left the walls which they had decorated for so many centuries, which had escaped so many wars, naked and disfigured.

 建筑 
雅典娜神庙是一座围柱式建筑，宽22米，长55米，短边有六根圆柱，长边有十四根圆柱。在前线，两边的柱间都减少了，这是透视问题的典型解决方案。

这座神庙被改造成基督教的礼拜场所，其中一部分与锡拉库萨主教座堂的墙壁融为一体。在主教座堂的左侧，仍可清晰见到石灰岩柱和它们的柱座。

参考

外部链接
Il-tempio-di-Athena -Cattedrale-di-Siracusa 
Tempio di Athena - Biennale internazionale d'ate contemporanea a Siracusa 
Tempio di Artemide e di Minerva in 3D 
Category:古希腊神庙
Category:古西西里