擱淺

擱淺，又稱座礁，是指船舶因航行至不足以使之正常漂浮於水面上的水深，而使船舶接觸到海床或河床等岸邊陸地。Mazaheri, A., Montewka, J., Kujala, P., (2014), "Modeling the risk of ship grounding - A literature review from a risk management perspective", WMU-Journal of Maritime Affairs, Vol. 13, No.2, pp.269-297, 它可能是蓄意安排的，例如戰爭時運送貨物及人員的船隻搶灘登陸，或是需要進行維修保養時的船隻；也可能是非蓄意的海上意外。

擱淺不一定會對船隻造成致命的損害，但若船體破損嚴重可能會導致船體進水，可能會嚴重損害船舶的結構完整性、穩定性和安全性，並可能使船上所載的油或其他有害物質洩出，造成水體污染Mazaheri, A., and Ylitalo, J., (2010), “Comments on geometrical modeling of ship grounding”, 5th International Conference on Collision and Grounding of Ships (ICCGS), June 14th - 16th, Espoo, FinlandMontewka, J., Krata, P., Goerlandt, F., Mazaheri, A., Kujala, P., (2011), “Marine traffic risk modelling - an innovative approach and a case study”, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O, Journal of Risk and Reliability, Vol.225, No.3, pp.307-322, 

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Category:航海事故