虎鳳蝶

虎鳳蝶（學名：Luehdorfia puziloi）是鳳蝶科虎鳳蝶屬的一種蝴蝶，也是其模式種，分佈於東亞，包括中國黑龍江省、吉林省、遼寧省、俄羅斯、朝鮮半島、日本北海道及本州北至中部。翅膀有淡黃色的白色和黑色條紋圖案，後翅的亞外緣和臀角附近有紅色和藍色的斑點。有尾狀突起。日本チョウ類保全協会 [日本蝴蝶保護協會] (2012). フィールドガイド　日本のチョウ 日本産全種がフィールド写真で検索可能 [野外指南 日本蝴蝶 所有來自日本的物種都可以使用現場照片進行搜索]. 東京: 誠文堂新光社. p50-51. 

一年一代，成蟲多見於4至5月，棲息於闊葉林，溪流附近等環境。飛行迅速，有訪花及落地吸水的習性。在北海道見於平地及山地，本州見於低山地落葉闊葉林。幼蟲以有毒性的馬兜鈴科細辛屬植物為寄主。

 保護 
被列入中國國家林業局令國家保護的有益的或者有重要經濟、科學研究價值的陸生野生動物名錄。在日本各地有開展保育活動。

 形態 
小型鳳蝶。翅底色呈淡黃色，前翅具有多條黑色縱帶，外緣寬帶內嵌有黃色短條斑和較為不明顯的黃色橫線。後翅鋸齒狀，齒凹處具有黃色彎月形斑紋，外側具黑色和黃白色的邊，後翅上半部具有黑色條帶，中後部具不明顯的新月形紅斑，紅斑外側具有藍斑，臀角具有紅藍黑三色圓斑。尾突較短。

 習性 
成蝶白天時於森林低矮的地方緩慢飛行，如森林地面，而在森林的高處則相當快地飛行。愛訪花，包括豬牙花、堇菜科、杜鵑花目花卉，並有登峰集性，也會吸水。

幼蟲的寄主為有毒性的馬兜鈴科細辛屬（Asarum）植物，包括細辛（A. sieboldii）和庫頁細辛（A. heterotropoides）。Makita, H., Shinkawa, T., Kazumasa, O., Kondo, A., Nakazawa, T., 2000. Phylogeny of Luehdorfia butterflies inferred from mitochondrial ND5 gene sequences. Entomological Science 3: 321-329.Chunsheng, W., 2001. Zhongguo dong wu zhi. Kun chong gang. Di 25 juan, Lin chi mu feng die ke : feng die ya ke, ju feng die ya ke, juan die ya ke / Wu Chunsheng bian zhu ; Zhongguo ke xue yuan Zhongguo dong wu zhi bian ji wei yuan hui zhu bian. Fauna Sinica, Insecta Vol. 25: Lepidoptera Papilionidae; Papilioninae, Zerynthiinae, Parnassiinae. Beijing, Ke xue chu ban she, 367 pp.Tuzov, Bogdanov, Devyatkin, Kaabak, Korolev, Murzin, Samodurov, Tarasov, 1997. Guide to the Butterflies of Russia and adjacent territories: Hesperiidae, Papilionidae, Pieridae, Satyridae Butts. Russia adj. terr. 1, 148

 亞種 
 L. p. puziloi 指名亞種，分佈於俄羅斯東南部Crüger, 1878. Ueber Schmetterlinge von Wladiwostok Verh. Ver. naturw. Unterhalt. Hamburg 3: 128Erschoff, 1872. Diagnoses de quelques espèces nouvelles de Lépidoptères appartenat à la faune de la Russiae Asiatique Horae Soc. Ent. Ross. 8 (4) : 315Fujioka, T., 2003. A new subspecies of Luehdorfia puziloi from the northernmost locality of Luehdorfia. Gekken-Mushi 385: 2-3.
 L. p. coreana Matsumura, 1927 分佈於韓國Matsumura, 1927. A list of the butterflies of Corea, with description of new species, subspecies and aberrations Insecta Matsumurana 1 (4): 163
 L. p. inexpecta Sheljuzhko, 1913 分佈於日本Sheljuzhko, 1913; Lepidopterologische Notizen Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 27 (1): 20Bryk, F., 1934. Baroniidae, Teinopalpidae, Parnassiidae, Part.I. Das Tierreich, Deutschen Zoologische Gesellschaft im Auftrag der Preussischen Akademie der Wissensch. Berlin und Lepizig, 64: I-XXIII, 1-131.
 L. p. jezoensis Matsumura
 L. p. lenzeni Bryk, 1938 分佈於中國Savela, M., 2005. Lepidoptera and some other life forms. Accessed December 2005.
 L. p. lingjangensis (Lee, 1982) 臨江亞種，分佈於中國吉林Chou, 1994. Monografia Rhopalocerorum Sinensium 1: 188 
 L. p. machimuraorum Fujioka, 2003 分佈於俄羅斯東南部
 L. p. yessoensis Rothschild, 1918 分佈於日本Rothschild, 1918. Catalogue of Zerynthiinae and Allied Genera in the Tring Museum Novit. Zool. 25: 64

 參考 

 文獻 
 Shirôzu, T., Hara, A., 1973. Early stages of Japanese butterflies in colour. Vol. I. Osaka, Hoikusha.
 Ackery, 1975, A guide to the genera and species of Parnassinae (Lepidoptera : Papilionidae) Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent. 31 (4): 92, pl. 11, f. 85-86
 Hara, S., Ochiai, H., 1980. On a hybrid between male Luehdorfia japonica and female L. puziloi inexpecta. Tyô to Ga 31: 97-101.
 Lee, C., 1982. First report of distribution and living condition of three Luehdorfia from China. Yadoriga 107/108: 39.
 Matsumoto, K., 1984. Population dynamics of Luehdorfia japonica Leech (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). I. a preliminary study on the adult population. Researches on Population Ecology 26: 1-12.
 Matsumoto, K., 1987. Mating patterns of a sphragis-bearing butterfly, Luehdorfia japonica Leech (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae), with descriptions of mating behavior. Researches on Population Ecology 29: 97-110.
 Matsumoto, K., 1989. Effects of aggregation on the survival and development on different host plants in a papilionid butterfly, Luehdorfia japonica Leech. Jpn. J. ent. 57: 853-860.
 Matsumoto, K., 1990. Population dynamics of Luehdorfia japonica Leech (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). II. Patterns of mortality in immatures in relation to egg cluster size. Researches on Population Ecology 32: 173-188.
 Matsumoto, K., Ito, F., Tsubaki, Y., 1993. Egg cluster size variation in relation to the larval food abundance in Luehdorfia puziloi (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Researches on Population Ecology 35: 325-333.
 Nardelli, U., 1993. Bemerkungen zur Zucht einiger Zerynthiini und Parnassiini (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Entomologische Zeitschrift 103: 213-228.
 Tsubaki, Y., Matsumoto, K., 1998. Fluctuating asymmetry and male mating success in a sphragis bearing butterfly Luehdorfia japonica (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Journal of Insect Behaviour 11: 571-582.
 Korb & Bolshakov, 2011. [A catalogue of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilioformes) of the former USSR. Second edition, reformatted and updated] (in Russian) Eversmannia Suppl. 2 : 12
 Leley, 2016. Annotated catalogue of the insects of Russian Far East. Volume II. Lepidoptera Cat. ins. Russian Far East. 2 

 外部連結 


 Luehdorfia puziloi - funet.fi 
 Luehdorfia puziloi - Tree of Life Web Project 
 Luehdorfia puziloi - Bestimmungshilfe des Lepiforums 

Category:虎鳳蝶屬
Category:日本昆蟲
Category:中國蝴蝶