拉丁語法律術語列表

拉丁語法律術語列表（）是在法律術語、及法律格言中所使用的相關拉丁語術語之列表，而本條項這些「拉丁語法律術語」只是部分列表；列表中的法律術語條項本身全部、或者實質上均源自於拉丁語。

普通法

 術語或短語 英語翻譯中文翻譯a fortiori"much more so"; from the stronger case; with stronger reason; with greater force 何況；更不用說；更加；更有理由a posteriori"from what comes after"; inductive reasoning憑經驗的；推溯；歸納；由果溯因a priori"from what comes before"; deductive reasoning先驗的；推理；演繹；由因及果a quo"from which"來自；由此ab initio"from the beginning"一開始；從一開始；由最初開始；自始actus reus"guilty act"犯罪行為ad hoc"for this purpose"特設；專責ad idem"of the same thing or result"; of the same mind; essentially the same一致；同心；意見相同ad infinitum"without limit"永遠；無限ad litem"for the suit"為了訴訟的目的ad valorem "according to value"從價allocatur"it is allowed"訟費評定證明書alter ego"other self"藉法人假借的身分amicus curiae"friend of the court"法庭之友〔不屬訴訟一方而主動或應法庭邀請就案件提供意見或協助的人〕animus possidendi"intention to possess a thing"管有意圖；擁有某物的意圖animus testandi"intention to make a testament or will"訂立遺囑的意圖bona vacantia"goods that belong to no one"無主財物casus belli"case belligerent"宣戰原因；足以引起戰爭的挑釁；開戰理由caveat emptor"let the buyer beware"買者自慎certiorari"to be apprised"移審令；移審令狀；移審撤銷令Cessante ratione legis cessat et ipsa lex.When the reason of the law ceases, the law itself also ceases.法律本身隨法理消失而告終compos mentis"master of one's mind"; full possession of mental powers精神健全consensus ad idem"a meeting of minds"意見一致；達成協議contra proferentem"the words of a contract are to be taken most strongly against the person who proposes it"; in full verba chartarum fortius accipiuntur contra proferentem解釋合約條文時應以不利於條文提出者的解釋為準（的原則）coram non judice"not before a judge"; or before a judge not authorised to take cognizance不在法官席前；在無審判權的法官席前corpus delicti"the body of a crime"犯罪事實；犯罪遺體；罪體corpus juris"the body of law"; the law as the sum of laws法令大全；法典crimen falsi"the crimes of falsifying"; dishonesty, fraud, corruption, perjury, forgery, etc; also falsi crimen與偽造、欺詐、貪污、作偽證等有關的罪行curia advisari vult; cur. adv. vult"the court will advise"; the court will consider容後判決trespass de bonis asportatis"trespass for carrying goods away"; trespass to goods侵害動產行為；侵物行為de bonis non administratis; d.b.n."(of) the goods not administered"待管遺產；未作管理的遺產；未分配的遺產de facto"of fact"; in fact事實上；事實；實際上de jure"of law"; according to law法律上；法律；按照法律的De minimis non curat lex.The law does not take account of trifles.法律不問瑣事de minimis principle「法律不問瑣事」的原則de novo"anew"更始；重新Deorum injuriae diis curae."The gods take care of injuries to the gods."得罪神者，神將自罰之〔刑法上的褻瀆罪屬侵害公眾的罪行，而非侵害神明的罪行〕dictum"a saying"法官的意見doli incapax"incapable of guilt"無犯罪能力；無能力犯罪donatio mortis causa"gift in contemplation of death"; also gift mortis causa臨終贈予；臨終贈與；臨終遺贈；預期死亡而作出的贈與duces tecum"bring with you"着令攜帶文件出庭ejusdem generis"as of the same kind"同類；同類原則et sequentes; et seq."and those which follow"以及下列各項；以及其後的；及以下的ex aequo et bonoof equity and the good公平善意原則ex ante"from before"; based on assumption and prediction事前；預期ex cathedra"from the chair"; with authority來自權威方面ex delicto"from a tort"; offence against the law; in tort在侵權法上；由於侵權而引起的（訴訟）ex facie"from the face"; in view of what is apparent形式上；從表面看ex gratia"out of grace"; as a favour; not by legal necessity特惠ex officio"by virtue of one's office"當然；依職權ex parte"from a party"; from or on behalf of only one side to a law suit單方面ex post"from after"; based on knowledge and facts具追溯力的；根據過去ex post facto"form what is done afterward"; after the fact事後；事後的ex proprio motu"of his own motion"出於自願的；自動作出的；主動作出exempli gratia; e.g."for the sake of example"; as an example例如extant"existing"現存；維持factum"a fact"; a thing done已發生的事；既成之事felo de se"felon of himself"; suicide自殺fiat"let it be done"指令；准照fieri facias"may you cause to be done"財物扣押writ of fieri facias"may you cause to be done"扣押債務人財產令狀；財物扣押令forum non conveniens"an inappropriate forum"不便審理的法院；不便訴訟地functus officio"having performed his/her office"職份已完；權責終結gravamen of the offence罪行重點guardian ad litem訴訟監護人；辯護監護人writ of habeas corpus"may you have the body"人身保護令；人身保護令狀hostis humani generis"enemy of the human race"人類公敵in absentia"being absent from"缺席in camera"in a chamber"以非公開形式；在法官私室（審議）；閉門in curiawithin or of the court; in open court在法庭內in esse"in being"; in actual existence確實存在的in extenso"in full"; at length; unabridged全文；未經刪減；詳盡in forma pauperis"in the form of a poor person"; not liable for court costs以貧窮者身分免付訟費in futuro"in the future"將來的in limine"on the threshold"最初；開始in loco parentis"in the place of a parent"代替父母地位；身居父母地位in pari delicto"in equal fault"同樣有錯；皆有過失In pari delicto melior est conditio possidentis.When both parties are equally at fault, the position of the possessor is the better.在雙方皆有過失的情況下管有者佔優勢In pari delicto potior est conditio defendentis.In a case of equal or mutual fault the defending party is in the better position.在雙方皆有過失的情況下被告人佔優勢in pari materia"upon an analogous matter or subject"在類似情況下；關於同一事宜in personam"against a person"對人in propria persona"in one's own person"無律師代表；親自（出庭）in re"in the matter of"; regarding有關……事宜；關於……事in rem"against a thing"對物in situ"in place"; back in place原址；在原處；就地in terrorem"in order to frighten"威嚇性的；警告性的in toto"entirely; completely; wholly"整個；全部；完全indicia"indications"標誌；記號；證明；象徵infra"below"以下；在下面的 injuria absque damno"injury without damage"; also injuria sine damno沒有造成損害的法律過失〔不產生賠償權〕injuria sine damno"injury without damage"未造成損害的侵權行為innuendo"by nodding"; meaning; to wit; that is to say影射；暗指；狀書的註解；譏諷；附註句inter alia"among other things"其中包括；連同其他事宜inter se"between or among themselves"相互之間inter vivos"between living persons"; from one living person to another在世時；生者之間gift inter vivos"between living persons"; from one living person to another生者之間的贈予intra vires"within the powers of"在權限以內ipse dixit"he himself said it"; bare assertion未經證實之言；武斷的話；親口所述的未經證實之言ipsissima verba"the selfsame words"一如其言；確切原文ipso facto"by that very fact"; by its very nature; regardless of right or wrong因此事實entail ipso jure"the law itself"在法律上……導致jurat"(He) swears"誓章末處jus"law"; "right"; "justice"權利；法；法則；法律jus accrescendiright of survivorship尚存者取得權jus ad bellumright to war戰爭權jus civile"law of the citizen"; also civil law民事法律；民法；私法jus cogens"coercive law"強制性法則jus gentium"the law of nations"; international law國際法；國際法律；國際間的法律jus in bello"law in war"; law of war戰爭法jus naturale"the law of nature"; private natural right; natural law自然法則plea of jus tertii"the right of a third party", plea of the right of a  third party第三方權利之訴lacuna"void"; "gap"法律漏洞；空白；空隙；缺陷；脫漏lacuna in legislative provisions"void"; "gap"法律條文的空隙lacuna in the evidence"void"; "gap"證據上的空隙lex fori"the law of the forum or court"審判地法lex loci actus"the law of the place where an act is done"行為地法lex loci celebrationis"the law of the place where a ceremony is performed"儀式舉行地法lex loci contractus"the law of the place where a contract is made"締約地法lex loci delictus"the law of the place where the tort was committed"侵權行為發生地法lex situs"the law of the place where the property is located"; also lex loci rei sitae財產所在地法lex scripta"written law"成文法lex non scripta"unwritten law"不成文法lis pendens"a suit pending in court"; suit pending in court待決案件locus"place"地點；場所；所在地locus actus"place of the act"行事之地locus in quo"the place where sth. is alleged to have occurred"事發地；案發現場locus poenitentiae"a place of repentance"反悔；改變主意等的機會［如在拍賣中撤回出價、合約義務形成前取消合約、正式達成協議前退出交易等的機會］locus sigilli; L.S."the place of the seal"印章位置；蓋印處locus standi"place of standing"; the right to bring an action or to be heard in a given forum參與……的資格；出庭資格；發言權mala fide"in bad faith"; also mala fides不真誠；惡意malum in se"evil in itself"本質上邪惡的malum prohibitum"wrong merely because it is proscribed"法律禁止的mandamus"we command"履行義務令；履行職務令；履行責任令order of mandamus"we command"履行義務令；履行責任令writ of mandamus"we command"履行義務令狀mens rea"guilty mind"犯罪意圖；犯罪意念Actus non facit reum nisi mens  sit rea.An act does not make a person guilty unless his or her mind is guilty.沒有犯罪意圖的行為不構成犯罪causa mortis"in contemplation of death"臨終作出的；預期死亡而作的succession mortis causa"in contemplation of death"死亡繼承mutatis mutandis"having changed [the things that] needed to be changed"在加以必要的變通後；加以必要的變通；可作必要的變通；在細節上經適當的修改後；經必要的變通後writ of ne exeat regno; ne exeat  regno"let him not go out of the realm"防止被告人離開和移走財產令狀Nemo dat quod non habet.He who hath not cannot give.不能給付自己沒有的東西；不能付出自己沒有的東西Nemo debet esse judex in  propria causa.No one should be judge in his own cause.無人可裁判自己的案件Nemo est supra leges.No one is above the law.無人可凌駕於法律之上Nemo in propria causa testis  esse debet.No one can be a witness in his own cause.無人可在自己的案件中充當證人Nemo judex in causa suaNo one should be a judge in one's own case.任何人不得成為自己案件的法官Iniquum est aliquem rei sui  esse judicem.It is unjust for anyone to be judge in his own cause.自審己案有違公正。nihil dicit; nil dicit"he (she) says nothing"不答辯；無答辯nisi"unless"暫准nolle prosequi"not to prosecute"中止檢控non compos mentis"not of sound mind"精神不健全defence of non est factum"not my deed"否認曾訂立合約（或聲稱簽署文件時不知道文件內容）的抗辯non liquet; n.l."it is not clear"不明確；不能確定何地法律；適用案情不清novus actus interveniens"a new intervening act"新介入的行為Noscitur a sociis.It is known from its associates.詞義不清時，按上下文的文意理解nudum pactum"nude pact"; a promise unsupported by consideration; voluntary promise; also nude contract無償合約Nudum pactum ex quo non oritur actio.A naked agreement is that from which no action arises.不能就無償合約興訟nulla bona"no goods to levy"; no goods to levy沒有財物可供檢取nunc pro tunc"now for then"具追溯力的order nunc pro tunc"now for then"事後補正的命令obiter dictum"thing said in passing"; thing said in passing判詞旁論；法官宣判時所提出的附帶意見Actori incumbit onus probandi.The burden of proof rests upon the plaintiff.舉證責任在原告人ore tenus"orally"; by word of mouth口頭上par delictum"equal wrong"; equal wrong同等的過失pari passu"with equal step"; at an equal pace平等地；同時及同等地rank pari passu"with equal step"; at an equal pace享有同等權益sharing pari passu"with equal step"; at an equal pace享有同等權益pendente lite"while the action is pending"訴訟待決期間；案件待決administrator pendente lite"while the action is pending"訴訟待決期間遺產管理人administration pendente lite"while the action is pending"訴訟待決期間的遺產管理per capita"by head"按每個人計算per contra"on the other hand"反之；對比；相反per curiam; per cur."by the court"用官判詞；由法庭作出的；由法院決定；引用法官判詞per incuriam"through want of care or inadvertence"有疏漏的判決；疏忽所致per quod"whereby"因此；歸咎於；由於defamation per quod"whereby"; defamation requiring reference to additional facts不明顯的誹謗；非直接的誹謗Quod per me non possum, nec  per lium.What I cannot do in person, also cannot do through the agency of another.凡自己不能作出的，亦不能假手於人per se"of, in, or by itself"; inherently本身defamation per se"of, in, or by itself"; defamation by itself本質即屬誹謗者Qui facit per alium facit per se.A person who acts through another acts himself.代理人所作的等同於主事人所作per stirpes"according to stock"按家系〔無遺囑遺產分配辦法〕post hoc, ergo propter hoc"after this, therefore because of this"; confusing sequence with consequence事隨其後，故必由此引起〔時序與因果關係的混淆〕post mortem examination"after death"驗屍；死因檢驗prima facie"at first sight"; on the face of it表面pro bono publico"for public good"; for the community as a whole為了公眾利益pro forma"for form"; as a matter of form基於形式上的；形式上；既定格式pro hac vice"for this occasion or particular purpose"只此一回；限於此目的pro rata"in proportion"; ratably按比例pro se"on one's own behalf"; on one's own behalf為個人（利益）；親自（訴訟）Quilibet potest renunciare juri pro se introducto.Every one may renounce or relinquish a right introduced for his own benefit.人人皆可放棄自己所獲之權利pro tanto"for so much"; to that extent以此為限；至此pro tempore; pro tem."temporarily"; for the time being暫時；臨時in propria persona"in one's own person"; in person無律師代表；親自（出庭）qua"as claimed by"; in the capacity of; as以……的身分；藉……的身分sed quaere"but question"需再深入審查quantum"as much"分量；總量；量；金額；額量quantum meruit"as much as one has deserved"; the reasonable value  of services按服務計酬quantum valeba(n)t"as much as it may be worth"; the reasonable value  of goods and services按值付價quasi"as if"準；近似；類似quid pro quo"something for something"; tit for tat交換條件；對價；相等的補償in statu quo; in statu quo ante"in the same condition as previously"按原狀；維持原狀quo warranto"by what authority"; a prerogative writ追究職權或特權依據的令狀ratio decidendi"the reason for a decision"; reasons for judgment判詞主旨；判決理由resthing物；財產res ipsa loquitur"the thing speaks for itself"; the thing speaks for  itself不證自明；事實昭顯res gestae"things done"; events which happened已做的事；已成之事；有關事實〔以別於傳聞〕res judicata"the thing has been decided"; a matter adjudged or settled by judgment; also chose jugée已判事項；既判案件；已判決的事項res nullius"thing of no one"無主物；無主財產respondeat superior"let that master or principal answer"由委託人答辯〔委託人對代理人（或僱主對僱員等）所負的轉承責任〕scienter"knowingly"; knowingly故意；知情；明知writ of scire facias (sci. fa.)"let him or her know"告知令狀seriatim"in series"依次；逐條；順序traversed seriatim"in series"逐一拒認sine die"without day"; indefinitely無期；無限期；待續無期adjourned sine die"without day"; indefinitely無限期押後；休會待續無期sine qua non"without which is not"不可或缺的causa sine qua non"cause without which not"不可缺少的原因situs"poistion, situation"所在地stare decisis"to stand by things decided and not to disturb settled points"; in full stare decisis et non quieta movere遵循先例；遵照先例原則status quo"the state in which; the state at which things are or were"原狀；現狀status quo ante"the situation that existed before something else occurred"原狀sua sponte"on its own motion"; on its own motion主動；自行sub nomine; sub nom."under the name"; under the name of …在……名（義）下subpoena"under penalty"傳召subpoena ad respondendumcommanded to appear and respond傳召到庭答辯令狀subpoena ad testificandumcommanded to appear and testify着令出庭作證的傳召證人出庭令；着令出庭作證的傳召出庭令狀subpoena duces tecumcommanded to bring all pertinent documents to court and testify着令攜帶文件出庭的傳召證人出庭令；着令攜帶文件出庭的傳召出庭令狀suggestio falsi"suggestion of an untruth"假聲明；虛假的提示或暗示sui generis"of its own kind"; of its own kind自成一類；獨特的；自成一類的writ of supersedeas"you shall desist"中止訴訟程序的令狀Suppressio veri expressio falsi.Suppression of the truth is the expression of what is false. Also suppressio veri.隱瞞事實等於說謊supra"above"以上；在上面的；見上文terra nullius"land that belongs to nobody"無主地；無人擁有之地trial de novo"trial anew"重審uberrima fides; uberrimae fidei"of the utmost good faith"符合絕對真誠原則ultra vires"beyond strength"越權；越權的vel non"or not"; whether or not不論是否veto"I forbid"否決vice versa"the change being turned"; conversely反之亦然vide"see"見videlicet; viz."it is permitted to see"; to wit; namely即；就是vir et uxor"husband and wife"夫婦

民法

 術語或短語 英語直譯定義及用法中文翻譯 accessio something added在民法中，即以創造方式將屬於數所有人之物進行合併成一新形態財產的獲取方式，其以不丟失原財產身份的方式向新財產中添加勞動成果或其他商品的合併新物權之法律運作（參考 commixtio［混合］及specificatio［規範］）。 添附

教會法

 術語或短語 英語直譯定義及用法中文翻譯 advocatus diaboliDevil's advocate在教會法中，對於封聖候選人的資格、即對宣福禮的認證及宣告，進行質疑的列聖審查官。聖審查官（直譯為魔鬼的訟辯人）

備註

參考文獻

 Gabriel Adeleye & Kofi Acquah-Dadzie. World Dictionary of Foreign Expressions: A Resource for Readers and Writers. Ed. by Thomas J. Sienkewicz & James T. McDonough, Jr. Wauconda, Ill.: Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, 1999.
 Ruben E. Agpalo. Agpalo’s Legal Words and Phrases. Manila, Philippines: Rex Book Store, 1997.
 Harold Rudolf Walraven Gokkel & Nicolaas van der Wal. Juridisch Latijn, 6th edn. Deventer: Kluwer, 2001.
 V.G. Hiemstra & H.L. Gonin. Trilingual Legal Dictionary, 3rd edn. Cape Town, South Africa: Juta, 2001.
 William Allen Jowitt. Jowitt’s Dictionary of English Law, 2nd edn. Revised by John Burke, Clifford Walsh, & Emlyn Williams. 2 vols. London: Sweet & Maxwell, 1977.
 Cezar C. Peralejo & Pacifico A. Agabin. English-Filipino Legal Dictionary. Quezon City, Philippines: Sentro ng Wikang Filipino, University of the Philippines, 1995.
 Theo B. Rood. Glossarium: A Compilation of Latin Words and Phrases Generally Used in Law with English Translations. Bryanston, South Africa: Proctrust Publications, 2003.
 Jan Scholtemeijer & Paul Hasse. Legal Latin: A Basic Course. Pretoria, South Africa: J.L. van Schaik Publishers, 1993.
 Datinder Sodhi & R. S. Vasan, eds. Latin Words & Phrases for Lawyers. New York: Law and Business Publications, 1980.
 Russ VerSteeg. Essential Latin for Lawyers. Durham, North Carolina: Carolina Academic Press, 1990.

參見

布爾查德法律格言（法律格言；法律原理）
法律法語
拉丁文缩写列表

謬誤列表

外部連結
latin legal terms 

Category:拉丁語法律術語
Category:法律列表
Category:法律原則