顎針蟻屬

顎針蟻屬 (Anochetus ) 主要棲息於熱帶及亞熱帶地區，少數幾種棲息於溫帶地區，具有觸發式大顎 (trap-jaw) ，肉食性。姊妹群為鋸針蟻屬，鋸針蟻屬和顎針蟻屬是鋸針蟻族下唯二的成員，Santos et al. (2010) 的研究支持鋸針蟻屬是由顎針蟻屬演化而來的假說。

 物種描述 
具有細長並向前延伸的大顎，能夠打開至接近 180° ，能夠以極快的速度閉合大顎。體型小至中等 (2.9 mm ~ 12 mm)。體色通常較為黯淡，棕色、黑色、紅色、黃色，有些物種雙色。

 與易混淆物種的辨別方式 

 與鋸針蟻屬 
鋸針蟻屬的腹柄節頂端具有一齒，而顎針蟻屬的具有兩齒或呈圓滑狀；鋸針蟻屬的頭部後方具有縫線，呈現倒 V 字形，有時候會稍微內凹，顎針蟻屬則呈現倒 U 字形。

 與瘤顎家蟻 
在野外小型的顎針蟻常和瘤顎家蟻搞混，但瘤顎家蟻有兩節腹柄節，而顎針蟻只有一節。

 地區性物種分布 
中國和台灣地區共有8種：

 格拉夫钩猛蚁 Anochetus graeffei Mayr, 1870
 兰屿钩猛蚁 Anochetus lanyuensis Leong et al., 2018
 长钩猛蚁 Anochetus longus Chen et al. 2019 長顎針蟻
 马达拉钩猛蚁 Anochetus madaraszi Mayr, 1897
 混杂钩猛蚁 Anochetus mixtus Radchenko, 1993
 墨脱钩猛蚁 Anochetus medogensis Chen et al. 2019 墨脫顎針蟻
 里氏钩猛蚁 Anochetus risii Forel, 1900
 小眼钩猛蚁 Anochetus subcoecus Forel, 1912

 物種列表 
顎針蟻屬現生115種，已滅絕8種。化石皆產於多明尼加琥珀。
Anochetus africanus (Mayr, 1865)
Anochetus agilis Emery, 1901
Anochetus alae Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012
Anochetus altisquamis Mayr, 1887
†Anochetus ambiguus De Andrade, 1994
 安哥拉钩猛蚁 Anochetus angolensis Brown, 1978 安哥拉顎針蟻
Anochetus armstrongi McAreavey, 1949
Anochetus avius Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012
Anochetus bequaerti Forel, 1913
 双刺钩猛蚁 Anochetus bispinosus (Smith, 1858)
Anochetus boltoni Fisher & Smith, 2008
†Anochetus brevidentatus MacKay, 1991
Anochetus brevis Brown, 1978
Anochetus bytinskii Kugler & Ionescu, 2007
Anochetus cato Forel, 1901
Anochetus chirichinii Emery, 1897
Anochetus chocoensis Fernández, 2008
†Anochetus conisquamis De Andrade, 1994
Anochetus consultans (Walker, 1859)
†Anochetus corayi Baroni Urbani, 1980
Anochetus cryptus Bharti & Wachkoo, 2013
Anochetus daedalus
Anochetus diegensis Forel, 1912
†Anochetus dubius De Andrade, 1994
Anochetus elegans Lattke, 1987
Anochetus emarginatus (Fabricius, 1804)
Anochetus evansi Crawley, 1922
†Anochetus exstinctus De Andrade, 1994
Anochetus faurei Arnold, 1948
Anochetus filicornis (Wheeler, 1929)
Anochetus fricatus Wilson, 1959
Anochetus fuliginosus Arnold, 1948
Anochetus ghilianii (Spinola, 1851)
Anochetus gladiator (Mayr, 1862)
Anochetus goodmani Fisher & Smith, 2008
 格拉夫钩猛蚁 Anochetus graeffei Mayr, 1870
Anochetus grandidieri Forel, 1891
Anochetus haytianus Wheeler & Mann, 1914
Anochetus hohenbergiae Feitosa & Delabie, 2012
Anochetus horridus Kempf, 1964
Anochetus inca Wheeler, 1925
Anochetus incultus Brown, 1978
Anochetus ineditus Baroni Urbani, 1971
Anochetus inermis André, 1889
†Anochetus intermedius De Andrade, 1994
Anochetus isolatus Mann, 1919
Anochetus jonesi Arnold, 1926
Anochetus kanariensis Forel, 1900
Anochetus katonae Forel, 1907
Anochetus kempfi Brown, 1978
 兰屿钩猛蚁 Anochetus lanyuensis Leong et al., 2018
Anochetus levaillanti Emery, 1895
Anochetus leyticus Zettel, 2012
Anochetus longifossatus Mayr, 1897
Anochetus longispinus Wheeler, 1936
 长钩猛蚁 Anochetus longus Chen et al. 2019 長顎針蟻
†Anochetus lucidus De Andrade, 1994
 马达加斯加钩猛蚁 Anochetus madagascarensis Forel, 1887
 马达拉钩猛蚁 Anochetus madaraszi Mayr, 1897
Anochetus maryatiae Nuril Aida & Idris, 2011
Anochetus maynei Forel, 1913
Anochetus mayri Emery, 1884
 墨脱钩猛蚁 Anochetus medogensis Chen et al. 2019 墨脫顎針蟻
Anochetus menozzii Donisthorpe, 1941
Anochetus micans Brown, 1978
Anochetus minans Mann, 1922
Anochetus miserabilis González-Campero & Elizalde, 2008
 混杂钩猛蚁 Anochetus mixtus Radchenko, 1993
Anochetus modicus Brown, 1978
Anochetus muzziolii Menozzi, 1932
Anochetus myops Emery, 1893
Anochetus natalensis Arnold, 1926
Anochetus neglectus Emery, 1894
Anochetus nietneri (Roger, 1861)
Anochetus obscuratus Santschi, 1911
Anochetus obscurior Brown, 1978
Anochetus orchidicola Brown, 1978
Anochetus oriens Kempf, 1964
Anochetus orientalis André, 1887
Anochetus pangantihoni Zettel, 2012
Anochetus pangens (Walker, 1859)
Anochetus paripungens Brown, 1978
Anochetus pattersoni Fisher & Smith, 2008
Anochetus pellucidus [no authors], 1902
Anochetus peracer Brown, 1978
Anochetus princeps Emery, 1884
Anochetus pubescens Brown, 1978
Anochetus punctaticeps Mayr, 1901
Anochetus pupulatus Brown, 1978
Anochetus rectangularis Mayr, 1876
Anochetus renatae Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012
 里氏钩猛蚁 Anochetus risii Forel, 1900
Anochetus rossi Donisthorpe, 1949
Anochetus rothschildi Forel, 1907
Anochetus rufolatus Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012
Anochetus rufostenus Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012
Anochetus rufus (Jerdon, 1851)
Anochetus ruginotus Stitz, 1925
Anochetus rugosus (Smith, 1857)
Anochetus schoedli Zettel, 2012
Anochetus sedilloti Emery, 1884
 半黑钩猛蚁 Anochetus seminiger Donisthorpe, 1943
Anochetus shohki Terayama, 1996
Anochetus simoni Emery, 1890
Anochetus siphneus Brown, 1978
Anochetus splendidulus Yasumatsu, 1940
Anochetus striatulus Emery, 1890
Anochetus strigatellus Brown, 1978
 小眼钩猛蚁 Anochetus subcoecus Forel, 1912
 台湾钩猛蚁 Anochetus taiwaniensis Terayama, 1989 臺灣顎針蟻
Anochetus talpa Forel, 1901
Anochetus targionii Emery, 1894
Anochetus testaceus Forel, 1893
Anochetus traegaordhi Mayr, 1904
Anochetus tua Brown, 1978
Anochetus turneri Forel, 1900
Anochetus validus Bharti & Wachkoo, 2013
Anochetus vallensis Lattke, 1987
Anochetus variegatus Donisthorpe, 1938
Anochetus veronicae Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012
Anochetus vexator Kempf, 1964
 维多利亚钩猛蚁 Anochetus victoriae Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012 維多利亞顎針蟻
Anochetus werneri Zettel, 2012
Anochetus wiesiae Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012
Anochetus yerburyi Forel, 1900
 云南钩猛蚁 Anochetus yunnanensis Wang, 1993 雲南顎針蟻

 參考資料 

 外部連結 




Category:蟻科
Category:針蟻亞科