蛛緣蝽科

蛛緣蝽科（學名：），又名蛛緣椿象科，是半翅目緣蝽總科下的一個科。本科物種與緣蝽科物種有着密切關係。現時本科包括有至少50個属、 290個物種。

分佈於温带及地區上較溫暖的地區，本科物種主要為热带及亚热带昆蟲。舉例說：在欧洲本科有10個屬的物種，當中只有2個屬有在較溫暖的地中海區域以外出現。

型態描述

Broad-headed bugs are up to  long, and have slender bodies. Some have long and very thin legs. The most notable characteristics of the family are that the head is broad, often similar in length and width to the 前胸 (昆蟲) and the , and that the last 觸角 segments are elongated and curved. The 複眼s are globular and protruding, and they also have . The 腿 (节肢动物) of the hindlegs bear several strong spines; the tarsus has three segments. Most species have well-developed 翅鞘 (forewings), allowing them to fly well, but in some the hemelytra are vestigial. The membranous part of the hemelytra have several closely spaced long veins.

Alydidae are generally of dusky or blackish coloration. The upperside of the 腹 is usually bright orange-red. this color patch is normally not visible as it is covered by the wings; it can be exposed, perhaps to warn would-be 捕食s of these animals' noxiousness: They frequently have scent glands that produce a stink considered to be worse than that of true stink bugs (蝽科). The stink is said to smell similar to a bad case of 口臭.

Sometimes the adults have  reduced wings. Both, nymphs and adults of some species, such as  and  spp. are 擬蟻現象s and live in ant nests.

棲息地與生態
這些昆蟲主要棲息於相當的沙質棲息地，見於海濱、石楠荒原、乾草原和疏林草原。牠們的主要以植物的種子為食：牠們會用其刺穿種子，以飲用其中所含的營養液。部分物種在經濟上是重要的害蟲，例如水稻上的。

分類
本科物種為单源群，可分為三條自然的。這三條家系原來對應本科的三個族，分別如下：
 蛛缘蝽族（Alydini）、
 稻缘蝽族（Leptocorisini）和
 微翅缘蝽族（Micrelytrini）。

1965年，有兩份文獻對這分類作出不同的修訂：
 Ahmad (1965) 將三個族都提升至亞科級，分別為：
 蛛缘蝽亚科 Alydinae
 稻缘蝽亚科 Leptocorinae
 微缘蝽亚科 Microelytrinae
 而Schaefer (1965)的提議將本科物種只分為兩個亞科：
 蛛缘蝽亚科不變；
 稻缘蝽族（Leptocorisini）與微翅缘蝽族（Micrelytrini）合組成為微缘蝽亚科。

中國昆蟲學家李新正和郑乐怡於1993年發表研究，對蛛缘蝽科各個亚群合共16个代表属作比较形态学研究，結論認同Schaefer (1965)的分類建議才符合研究結果。其後，Schaefer (1999)再完善整個分類。不過，Ahmad (1965)的分類仍然有文獻在使用。

屬
綜合多個昆蟲數據庫的資料，現時本科包括有59個屬，分為多個亞科和族，分別如下：

 蛛緣蝽亞科 Alydinae 
 蛛緣蝽屬 Alydus  i c g b
 Apidaurus Stål, 1870
 Burtinus Stål, 1860
 Camptopus Amyot & Serville, 1843
 蛛蝽屬 Daclera  c g t
 Euthetus Dallas, 1852
 Hamedius Stål, 1860
 Heegeria Reuter, 1881
 Hyalymenus Amyot & Serville, 1843
 Hypselopus Burmeister, 1835
 Megalotomus Fieber, 1860
 Melanacanthus Stål, 1873
 Mirperus Stål, 1860
 Nariscus Stål, 1866
 Nemausus Stål, 1866
 Neomegalotomus Schaffner & Schaefer, 1998
 Oxycranum Bergroth, 1910
 蜂緣蝽屬 Riptortus  c g t
 Robustocephalus Ahmad, Abbas, Shadab & Khan, 1979
 Stachyocnemus Stål, 1870
 Tenosius Stål, 1860
 Tollius Stål, 1870
 Tupalus Stål, 1860
 Zulubius Bergroth, 1894
 微缘蝽亚科 Micrelytrinae
 稻缘蝽族（Leptocorisini）
 Bloeteocoris Ahmad, 1965
 Grypocephalus Hsiao, 1963
 稻缘蝽属 Leptocorisa 
 Mutusca Stål, 1866
 Stenocoris Burmeister, 1839
 微翅缘蝽族（Micrelytrini）
 Acestra  c g
 Anacestra Hsiao, 1964
 Bactrocoris Kormilev, 1953
 Bactrodosoma Stål, 1860
 Bactrophya Breddin, 1901
 Bactrophyamixia Brailovsky, 1991
 Calamocoris Breddin, 1901
 Cydamus 
 Darmistus 
 Dulichius Stål, 1866
 Esperanza 
 Eudarmistus Breddin, 1903
 Longicoris Ahmad, 1968
 Marcius Stål, 1865
 微翅缘蝽属   c g
 Paramarcius Hsiao, 1964
 Paraplesius Scott, 1874
 Protenor 
 Rimadarmistus ：只見於ITIS，其物種在其他數據庫被認為是Darmistus subvittatus 的異名。
 Slateria  c g
 Stachyolobus Stål, 1871
 Trachelium Herrich-Schäffer, 1850
 Tuberculiformia Ahmad, 1967
 Noliphini族 Ahmad, 1965
 Cosmoleptus Stål, 1873
 Lyrnessus Stål, 1862
 Noliphus Stål, 1859
 Orthriocorisa Scudder, 1890 †
數據來源：
 i = ITIS
 c = Catalogue of Life
 g = GBIF
 b = Bugguide.net
 t = TaiBIF

參考文獻


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