海麒麟總科

海麒麟總科（），或作海蛞蝓總科、海牛總科或隱鰓海牛超科，是海牛亞目海牛下目之下四個總科級分类级别之一，在生物分类学屬於裸鰓目（舊作隱鰓目）的海洋腹足綱軟體動物。

語源
海牛總科的學名源於海牛屬；而海牛屬的學名又源於希臘神話的海怪寧芙多里斯。

分類

1997年分類
根據1997年《旁得和林德伯格的腹足類分類》所列出的分類，海牛總科亦作仿海牛總科，是後生腹足下綱後鰓目裸鳃亚目類花鰓類次目（Anthobranchia ）的成員，包括下列四個科。
 总科 仿海牛总科 Doridoidea Rafinesque, 1815
 总科 Doridoxoidea Bergh, 1900
 总科 Onchidoridoidea Alder & Hancock, 1845
 总科 Polyceroidea Alder & Hancock, 1845

2005年分類
在2005年《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類》，現在的海牛下目在當時只是有角鰓類海牛亞目之下的一個亞支序，包括下列四個總科與科。
  Dorididae
Family Actinocyclidae
 多彩海麒麟科 Chromodorididae
  Discodorididae

2005年之後的變更
Cadlinidae科 在2005年的分類被視為多彩海麒麟科的異名；但在R.F. Johnson (2011)的研究顯示Cadlina並不屬於多彩海麒麟科，所以這個屬不應再歸屬於多彩海麒麟科，而是應該獨立成為一個科。而多彩海麒麟科在踢走了Cadlina之後成為了單系群，很可能是Actinocyclidae的姊妹分類單元。2017年《布歇特等人的腹足類分類》亦加入了這個修訂。

科
，WoRMS紀錄本總科包括下列五個科：
 Family Actinocyclidae 
 Family Cadlinidae 
 多彩海麒麟科 Chromodorididae 
  Discodorididae 
  Dorididae 
 科地位未定
 Subfamily Miamirinae 

異名
以下各科被認為是其他科的異名。這些名字有時亦會在部分文獻裡出現：

 Family Aldisidae  accepted as Cadlinidae Bergh, 1891
 Family Archidorididae  accepted as Dorididae Rafinesque, 1815
 Subfamily Cadlinellinae  accepted as Chromodorididae Bergh, 1891
 Family Ceratosomatidae Gray, 1857 accepted as Chromodorididae Bergh, 1891 (Under Art. 23.9, declared nomen oblitum by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)
 Subfamily Conualeviinae Collier & Farmer, 1964 accepted as Dorididae Rafinesque, 1815
 Family Diaululidae  accepted as Discodorididae Bergh, 1891
 Subfamily Doriprismaticinae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1858 accepted as Chromodorididae Bergh, 1891 (Under Art. 23.9, declared nomen oblitum by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)
 Family Echinochilidae Odhner, 1968 accepted as Cadlinidae Bergh, 1891
 Family Geitodorididae  accepted as Discodorididae Bergh, 1891
 Family Glossodorididae O'Donoghue, 1924 accepted as Chromodorididae Bergh, 1891
 Family Gruveliidae Thiele, 1931 accepted as Discodorididae Bergh, 1891
 Family Halgerdidae Odhner, 1926 accepted as Discodorididae Bergh, 1891
 Subfamily Inudinae Er. Marcus & Ev. Marcus, 1967 accepted as Cadlinidae Bergh, 1891
 斑刺海麒麟科 Kentrodorididae 現時被視為圓盤海麒麟科（Discodorididae ）的異名；
 Subfamily Lissodoridinae Odhner, 1968 accepted as Chromodorididae Bergh, 1891
 Subfamily Neodoridinae Odhner, 1968 accepted as Dorididae Rafinesque, 1815
 Family Platydorididae  accepted as Discodorididae Bergh, 1891
 Family Rostangidae  accepted as Discodorididae Bergh, 1891
 Subfamily Thorunninae Odhner, 1926 accepted as Chromodorididae Bergh, 1891

以下分類單元曾被認為是異名，現在重新使用：
 星被海牛科 Asteronotidae 
 Baptodorididae 

跟原來的隱鰓目的差異

隱鰓目被認為是海牛總科的異名：
Cryptobranch dorid nudibranchs (previously known as the taxon Cryptobranchia), are nudibranch sea slugs within the clade Doridacea. These slugs are called "cryptobranch," meaning "hidden gill", because they are able to retract their gills into a gill pocket, in contrast to nudibranchs in the traditional group phanerobranchs (or Phanerobranchia), which taxon is probably paraphyletic (in other words, composed of more than one evolutionary lineage).

A. Valdés distinguishes two major clades within the Cryptobranchia: the dorids that have no radula (the Porostomata); and those with a radula (the Labiostomata). The Labiostomata include the monophyletic families: Actinocyclidae, Chromodorididae, Dorididae and Discodorididae.

The cryptobranchs include the following genera that are regarded as valid : 

Doris Linnaeus, 1758
Asteronotus Ehrenberg, 1831
Atagema  J. E. Gray, 1850
團鰓海牛屬 Jorunna 
Discodoris Bergh, 1877
Platydoris Bergh, 1877
Thordisa Bergh, 1877
Diaulula  Bergh, 1878
Aldisa Bergh, 1878
Rostanga Bergh, 1879*
Aphelodoris  Bergh, 1879
Halgerda Bergh, 1880
Peltodoris Bergh, 1880
Hoplodoris Bergh, 1880
Paradoris Bergh, 1884
Baptodoris  Bergh, 1884
Geitodoris Bergh, 1891
Gargamella Bergh, 1894
Alloiodoris Bergh, 1904
Sclerodoris Eliot, 1904
Otinodoris  White, 1948
Taringa Er. Marcus, 1955
Sebadoris Er. Marcus & Ev. Marcus, 1960
Conualevia Collier & Farmer, 1964
Thorybopus Bouchet, 1977
Goslineria Valdés, 2001
Pharodoris  Valdés, 2001
Nophodoris Valdés & Gosliner, 2001.

註釋

參考文獻


外部連結