紧急状态 (印度)

印度紧急状态（the Emergency）是指印度在1975年至1977年间，持续21个月的紧急状态。时任印度总理英迪拉·甘地决定在全国范围内实施紧急状态，由总统法赫鲁丁·阿里·艾哈迈德因“内乱”（internal disturbance）而根据《印度宪法》第352条正式发布，后被内阁及议会追认。紧急状态从1975年6月25日开始生效，直到1977年3月21日撤销。

紧急状态时期，印度总理被赋予极大权力，得暂停选举及限制公民自由。紧急状态期间，英迪拉·甘地的大多数政治反对者被长期监禁，新闻界受到审查。紧急状态期间还发生了其他侵犯人权的事件，包括由总理的儿子桑贾伊·甘地带头发起的大规模强迫绝育运动。紧急状态是印度独立后历史上最具争议的时期之一。

 参考文献 

 来源 
 Atul Kohli. Democracy and Discontent: India's Growing Crisis of Governability. Cambridge University Press. 1991. .
 Atul Kohli (ed.). The Success of India's Democracy. Cambridge University Press. 2001 [2004]. .
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 Durga Das Basu. Introduction to the Constitution of India. LexisNexis Butterworths. 1960 [20th edition, 2011 reprint]. .
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 延伸阅读 
 Aaron S. Klieman. "Indira's India: Democracy and Crisis Government", Political Science Quarterly (1981) 96#2 pp. 241–259 in JSTOR 
 Kuldip Nayar. The Judgement: Inside Story of the Emergency in India. 1977. Vikas Publishing House. .
 P. N. Dhar. Indira Gandhi, the "Emergency", and Indian Democracy (2000), 424pp
 Ramashray Roy and D. L. Sheth. "The 1977 Lok Sabha Election Outcome: The Salience of Changing Voter Alignments Since 1969," Political Science Review (1978), Vol. 17 Issue 3/4, pp. 51–63
 Shourie, Arun (1984). Mrs Gandhi's second reign. New Delhi: Vikas.
 Shourie, Arun (1978). Symptoms of fascism. New Delhi: Vikas.

 外部链接 
 Telegram 8557 from the United States Embassy in India to the Department of State, 27 June 1975 
 A. Z. Huq Democratic Norms, Human Rights and States of Emergency: Lessons from the Experience of Four Countries 
 "Memories of a Father," a book by Eachara Varier, father of a student killed in police custody during the emergency 
Category:印度独立之后
Category:印度國大黨
Category:印度政治史
Category:1970年代印度
Category:1975年印度建立
Category:1977年廢除