让森奖章

让森奖章（）是由法国科学院颁发的天体物理学奖项，奖励那些取得重要进展的天文学家。

让森奖章不同于法国天文学会的年度奖项朱尔·让森奖（1897年设立），而它们都以法国天文学家皮埃尔·让森（即朱尔·让森）的名字命名。

 历史 
1886年，让森奖章设立。1887年首次颁奖，评选委员会决定将第一枚奖章授予德国物理学家古斯塔夫·基尔霍夫，表彰他在光谱科学上的工作。然而，基尔霍夫在1887年10月13日去世，此时距奖项公布还有数月。委员会没有再选择新的获奖者，而在1887年12月26日的学院会议上宣布将奖章放在基尔霍夫的墓碑上，“至高荣誉以纪念这位海德堡的伟大学者”。Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences (1887), pp.1322-1323. The French phrase partially translated here is: "L'Académie voudra donner à la mémoire du grand savant d'Heidelberg ce suprême hommage, qui sera une première consécration de sa gloire et une consolation pour sa famille."

让森奖章原计划每两年颁发一次，但1888年颁奖后，于1889年再次颁奖。Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences 1889年卷的一则声明澄清说，该奖项在前七年每年颁发一次，从1894年开始改为双年颁发。Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences (1889), pp.1095-1096

 获奖者列表 
 1887 - 古斯塔夫·基尔霍夫Prizes of the French Academy , Ralph E. Wilson, General Notes, Popular Astronomy, Vol. 21, 1913, pp.383-385. This gives all the Janssen Medal awards between 1887 and 1912 that were known to US astronomer Ralph E. Wilson (1886-1960) the author of the note. (追授)
 1888 - 威廉·哈金斯Huggins, Sir William (1824–1910), Barbara J. Becker, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Jan 2008, accessed 23 Jan 2011
 1889 - 约瑟夫·诺曼·洛克耶
 1890 - Charles Augustus YoungCharles Augustus Young , John M. Poor, Popular Astronomy, vol. 16 (1908), pp.218-230. The Janssen Medal award is mentioned on page 229.
 1891 - 若尔日·拉叶
 1892 - Pietro TacchiniPietro Tacchini , Hector MacPherson, Jr., Popular Astronomy, vol. 13 (1905), pp.306-308. The Janssen Medal award is mentioned on page 308.
 1893 - 塞缪尔·兰利Award of the JANSSEN Prize to Dr. LANGLEY , Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 6 (1894), No. 34, p.66
 1894 - 乔治·埃勒里·海尔
 1896 - 亨利-亞歷山大·德朗達爾
 1898 - Aristarkh Belopolsky
 1900 - 爱德华·爱默生·巴纳德
 1902 - Aymar de la Baume Pluvinel
 1904 - Aleksey Pavlovitch Hansky
 1905 - Gaston Millochau (银质镀金奖章)The 1905 statement in Comptes rendus relating to this award stated that the gold medal award would be made in 1906, but that an award of a silver medal would be made in 1905 to Gaston Millochau. See the 1905 volumes of Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences.
 1906 - 安尼巴莱·里科
 1908 - Pierre Puiseux
 1910 - 威廉·华莱士·坎贝尔
 1912 - 阿尔弗雷德·佩罗
 1914 - 勒内·雅里-德洛热Jarry‐Desloges, René, Patrick Fuentes, The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers, 2007, Part 10, 589-590, 
 1916 - 夏尔·法布里General Notes , Popular Astronomy, Vol. 25, 1917, p.214-216. The Janssen Medal is mentioned on page 215, along with a note about two silver medals awarded to Fabry's colleagues at the Marseilles Observatory, Henri Buisson and Henry Bourget.
 1918 - Stanislas ChevalierThe citations for all these recipients are located in the corresponding issue of Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences for the year of the award.
 1920 - 威廉·科布伦茨General Notes , Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 33, No. 192, pp.120-122 (1921). The reference to the Janssen Medal is on page 122.
 1922 - 卡尔·斯特默Notes , Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, December 1922 issue, pp.476-478
 1924 - George Willis RitcheyGeneral Notes , Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 36, No. 214, pp.360-363 (1924). The reference to the Janssen Medal is on page 362.
 1926 - Francisco Miranda da Costa Lobo
 1928 - 威廉·哈蒙德·萊特William Hammond Wright, 1871-1959 , Paul W. Merril, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 71 (1959), No. 421, p.305
 1930 - 贝尔纳·费迪南·李奥
 1932 - Alexandre Dauvillier
 1934 - 沃尔特·亚当斯Walter S. Adams, 1876-1956 , F. J. M. Stratton, The Observatory, Vol. 76, p. 139-140 (1956)
 1936 - 亨利·诺利斯·罗素RUSSELL, Henry Norris, Who Was Who, A & C Black, 1920–2008; online edn, Oxford University Press, Dec 2007, accessed 23 Jan 2011
 1938 - 贝蒂儿·林德布拉德
 1940 - 哈洛·沙普利
 1943 - Lucien Henri d'Azambuja
 1944 - Jean Rösch
 1946 - 扬·奥尔特
 1949 - Daniel Chalonge
 1952 - 安德烈·库代
 1955 - 奥托·斯特鲁维General Notes , Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 68, No. 400, pp.84-85 (1956)
 1956 - 维克托·安巴楚勉
 1958 - 安德烈·拉勒曼德
 1961 - 波尔·斯温斯（法文） Pol Swings - Curriculum Vitae , Fondation Francqui-Stichting website, accessed 24/01/2011
 1964 - Jean-François Denisse（法文） Jean-François Denisse , French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 23/01/2011
 1967 - 本特·斯特龙根Strömgren, Bengt Georg Daniel, Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography (2008), retrieved 26/01/2011 from Encyclopedia.com
 1970 - Gérard Wlérick（法文） Gérard Wlérick , French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 28/01/2011
 1973 - Lucienne DevanComptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences: Sciences mathématiques, Volume 277, page 128 (1973) (银质镀金奖章)The Comptes rendus citation refers to the award as a "médaille en vermeil" - i.e. the award was not a full gold medal.
 1976 - 保罗·勒杜Paul Ledoux (1914-1988) , A. Noels, The Messenger, vol. 54, p.10 (1988)
 1979 - Jean DelhayeJ. Delhaye received the Prix Jules-César Janssen, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Vie Acad., Tome 289, p. 95 (1979)
 1982 - Georges MichaudObservatory Reports: Université de Montréal , Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, Vol. 16, p.246 (1984)
 1985 - Pierre Lacroute, Copied pages listing Janssen Medal winners (in French)
 1988 - 洛德韦克·沃尔彻.（法文） Lodewijk Woltjer, French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 23/01/2011
 1990 - Pierre Charvin
 1992 - 亨德里克·C·范德胡斯特
 1994 - Serge KoutchmySerge Koutchmy received la médaille Janssen, C. R. Acad. Sci., Sér. Gén., Vie Sci., Tome 11, No. 5, p. 412 (1994)
 1999 - Jean-Marie Mariotti
 2003 - Gilbert Vedrenne
 2007 - Bernard Fort（法文） Laureats des Prix de l'Academie des Sciences en 2007 , French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 23/01/2011
 2011 - 弗朗索瓦·米尼亚尔（法文） Francois Mignard , French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 03/05/2012

列表截止到2011年。

 参考资料 

 外部链接 
 Les Prix Thematiques en Sciences de l'Univers, includes a description of the Janssen Medal (French Academy of Sciences) 
 Article and photograph on the presentation of the 2007 award to Bernard Fort (Paris Institute of Astrophysics) 

Category:1886年建立的獎項
Category:天文学奖项
Category:法國科學院獎項