激浪派

激浪派（Fluxus）是1960年代至1970年代間活躍的一個國際文藝流派Friedman, Ken. 2011. "Fluxus: A Laboratory of Ideas." Fluxus and the Essential Qualities of Life. Jacquelynne Baas, editor. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, p.35.Nationalencyclopedin (Swedish National Encyclopedia). 2016. "Fluxus." Accessible at: http://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyclopedi/lång/fluxus  Accessed September 11, 2016.Wainwright, Lisa S. 2016. "Fluxus." Britannica Academic (Encyclopedia Britannica Online).Ruhé, Harry. 1979. Fluxus, the Most Radical and Experimental Art Movement of the Sixties Amsterdam: Editions Galerie A.Ruhé, Harry. 1999. "Introduction." 25 Fluxus Stories Amsterdam: Tuja Books, p. 4.。他們提出了一些新的藝術主張，如迪克·希金斯的“中介藝術”Higgins, Dick. 1966. "Intermedia." Something Else Newsletter. Vol. 1, No. 1, February, pp. 1-3.Higgins, Dick. 2001. "Intermedia" Multimedia: From Wagner to Virtual Reality. Randall Packer and Ken Jordan, eds. New York: W.W. Norton and Co., pp. 27–32.Higgins, Dick. 1984. Horizons: The Poetics and Theory of the Intermedia. Carbondale and Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University PressHannah B Higgins,"The Computational Word Works of Eric Andersen and Dick Higgins", ''Mainframe Experimentalism: Early Digital Computing in the Experimental Arts, Hannah Higgins, & Douglas Kahn, eds., pp. 271-281、亨利·弗林特的“觀念藝術”Flynt, Henry. 1961. "Concept Art: Innperseqs." Reprinted in 1963: An Anthology. La Monte Young, ed. New York: Jackson Mac Low and La Monte Young, np.Flynt, Henry. 1963. "Essay: Concept Art: Provisional Version." An Anthology. La Monte Young, ed. New York: Jackson Mac Low and La Monte Young, np.和白南准和沃尔夫·福斯特尔的“錄像藝術”Paik, Nam June. 1993. Nam June Paik: eine Data Base. La Biennale di Venezia. XLV Esposizione lnternazionale D’Arte, June 13 – October 10, 1993. Klaus Bussmann and Florian Matzner, eds. Venice and Berlin: Biennale di Venezia and Edition Cantz.Hanhardt, John and Ken Hakuta. 2012. Nam June Paik: Global Visionary. London and Washington, D.C.: D. Giles, Ltd., in association with the Smithsonian American Art Museum.Fundacio Joan Miro. 1979. Vostell. Environments Pintura Happenings Dibuixos Video de 1958 a 1978. Barcelona: Fundacio Joan Miro.。受到杜尚的影響，大多數激浪派藝術家以反商業和反藝術為己任，強調概念而非成品的重要性。而Fluxus一詞則由喬治·麥素納斯創造于1961年。

1960年代的許多實驗藝術家都屬於這一流派，威斯巴登、哥本哈根、斯德哥爾摩、阿姆斯特丹、倫敦和紐約都有大量激浪派藝術家存在。他們的興趣極為廣泛，而互相之間亦有衝突Zurbrugg, Nicholas. 1990. “A Spirit of Large Goals.” – Dada and Fluxus at Two Speeds. Fluxus! Nicholas Zurbrugg, Francesco Conz, and Nicholas Tsoutas, eds. Brisbane, Australia: Institute of Modern Art, p. 29.Smith, Owen F. 1998. Fluxus: The History of an Attitude. San Diego: San Diego State University Press.。比如儘管激浪派創始人之一的喬治·麥素納斯發表過所謂的《激浪派宣言》，但很少有其他激浪派藝術家對他的說法表示讚同，甚至很多藝術家都不認為他屬於激浪派Higgins, Dick. 1992. "Fluxus: Theory and Reception." Lund Art Press, Vol II, No 2, pp. 25-46.Higgins, Dick. 1998. "Fluxus: Theory and Reception." The Fluxus Reader, Ken Friedman, ed. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley Academy Editions, pp. 218-236.。雖然如此，激浪派也在一定程度上對開放“藝術”之定義做出了貢獻Tate Gallery. "Nam June Paik. Fluxus, Performance, Participation." Tate Online. Accessible at: http://www.tate.org.uk/whats-on/exhibition/nam-june-paik/nam-june-paik-room-guide/nam-june-paik-section-2  Accessed September 15, 2016.。

参考文献

外部連結

Links at Ubuweb:
Samples of Fluxus Audio  on the Tellus Audio Cassette Magazine
An Anthology of Chance Operations (1963) 
FluxFilms (1962–1970) in MPEG format 
Interview with Ken Friedman
European Fluxus Festivals 1962–1977 
John Cage on I've Got A Secret performing Water Walk, January 1960, from the same era as his teaching classes at the New School 
MOMA online archive of Fluxus 1, Fluxkit and Flux Year Box 2 
Museum Fluxus+ Potsdam, Germany 
Museo Vostell Malpartida , Cáceres, Spain.
Subjugated Knowledges exhibition catalogue 
The Copenhagen Fluxus Archive 
Dick Higgins collection at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County

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Category:現代藝術
Category:實驗藝術
Category:实验音乐
Category:觀念藝術