旋螺属

旋螺属（学名：），又名圆口扁蜷属，为腹足綱泛有肺類扁卷螺科，體型細小，大多數為會呼吸空氣的淡水螺。部分物種乃中国特有物种。

本屬物種最早出現的時間，根據化石紀錄，可以上推至早白堊世，一直延續至今。在今日華北地區的热河群義縣組的湖底沉積物（具體位置在今日的北京城郊鄰近河北省的下庄乡）發現本屬物種的化石，年代可上遡至1.25億年前。

微細的物種Gyraulus crista在技術上雖然仍是一隻有肺類的腹足綱物種，這些動物其實並不會在空氣中呼吸，而是依靠充滿了水的外套膜。

分佈
本屬物種廣泛分佈於全北區。

習性
旋螺屬在淡水的水生植物上生活。

型態描述
螺殼半透明，質薄，體型小，而且大多數都是平旋殼。

物種
，WoRMS記載本屬已紀錄的名稱達420個，當中已接受的現生種及化石種名稱也有241個。過往旋螺属的物種可以再分為以下三個亞屬：
 subgenus Torquis Dall, 1905
 subgenus Lamorbis Starobogatov, 1967
 subgenus Armiger Hartmann, 1843
但這種分類現時只被作「另類表達方式」來處理。

以下詳列本屬之亞屬及其物種：

亚属 Armiger W. Hartmann, 1843Hartmann W. (1840). Erd- u. Süssw. Gast. (1), "Syst. Ueber."; 1842, (5, 6), 172.
 Gyraulus crista (Linnaeus, 1758)"Armiger" . Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 1 May 2011. - Nautilus ramshorn
 † Gyraulus cristaeformis (Gozhik & Prysjazhnjuk, 1978)
 † Gyraulus decorus (Roshka, 1973) 
 † Gyraulus geniculatus (Sandberger, 1875) 
 † Gyraulus gracilis (Gozhik & Prysjazhnjuk, 1978) 
 † Gyraulus lenapalus (Bourguignat, 1881) 
 † Gyraulus lluecai (Royo Gómez, 1922) 
 † Gyraulus nautiliformis (Gozhik & Prysjazhnjuk, 1978) 
 † Gyraulus subptychophorus (Halaváts, 1903)

亚属 Carinogyraulus Polinski, 1929:Polinski (1929). Glasnik srps. Kralj. Akad. Belgrade 65, 134, 161, 163. represented as Gyraulus

亚属 Gyraulus Charpentier, 1837

 † Gyraulus aegaeus Willmann, 1981 
 † Gyraulus bachmayeri Schlickum & Strauch, 1979
 † Gyraulus bigueti (Fontannes, 1881) 
 † Gyraulus brlici Brusina, 1897 
 † Gyraulus brusinai (Lörenthey, 1894) 
 中華旋螺 Gyraulus chinensis (Dunker, 1848)"Gyraulus" . Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 1 May 2011.
 † Gyraulus connivens (Eichwald, 1830) 
 † Gyraulus constans (Brusina, 1884) 
 † Gyraulus dalmaticus (Brusina, 1884) 
 † Gyraulus deflexus (Sandberger, 1859) 
 † Gyraulus dimitrovici (Brusina, 1902) 
 † Gyraulus doseni (Brusina, 1902) 
 † Gyraulus formosus (Brusina, 1902) 
 † Gyraulus fragilis (Pavlović, 1903) 
 † Gyraulus goussardianus (Noulet, 1854) 
 † Gyraulus hians (Rolle, 1860) 
 † Gyraulus hoernesi (Rolle, 1860) 
 † Gyraulus inornatus (Brusina, 1902) 
 Gyraulus ioanis Gloer & Pesic, 2007
 Gyraulus janinensis (Mousson, 1859)
 † Gyraulus jukici (Brusina, 1902) 
 † Gyraulus jurkovici (Brusina, 1902) 
 † Gyraulus katurici (Brusina, 1897)
 † Gyraulus kosovensis (Pavlović, 1903) 
 † Gyraulus lazici (Brusina, 1892) 
 † Gyraulus lendli (Brusina, 1902) 
 † Gyraulus lineolatus (Brusina, 1878) 
 † Gyraulus lorentheyi (Brusina, 1902) 
 Gyraulus meierbrooki Gloer & Pesic, 2007
 † Gyraulus multicingulatus (Wenz, 1919)
 † Gyraulus nematophorus (Brusina, 1902) 
 † Gyraulus novaki (Brusina, 1897) 
 † Gyraulus nusici (Pavlović, 1903) 
 † Gyraulus oncostomus (Brusina, 1902) 
 † Gyraulus orahovacensis (Pavlović, 1903) 
 † Gyraulus pachychilus (Brusina, 1902)
 † Gyraulus parvulus (Lörenthey, 1906) 
 † Gyraulus pavlovici (Brusina, 1893) 
 † Gyraulus phacecercus (Brusina, 1902) 
 Gyraulus piscinarum (Bourguignat, 1852)
 † Gyraulus ponticus (Lörenthey, 1893) 
 † Gyraulus porcellaneus (Lörenthey, 1902) 
 † Gyraulus praeponticus (Gorjanović-Kramberger, 1890) 
 † Gyraulus ptychostomus (Brusina, 1902)
 † Gyraulus rotella (Rousseau, 1842) 
 Gyraulus shasi Gloer & Pesic, 2007
 † Gyraulus sibinjensis (Brusina, 1897) 
 † Gyraulus slavonicus (Brusina, 1897) 
 † Gyraulus spratti (Forbes, 1845) 
 † Gyraulus stoppanii (Sacco, 1886) 
 Gyraulus stroemi (Westerlund, 1881)
 † Gyraulus subverticillus (Oppenheim, 1919) 
 † Gyraulus sulfureus (Royo Gómez, 1922)
 † Gyraulus tenuistriatus (Gorjanović-Kramberger, 1899)
 † Gyraulus tetracarinatus (Pavlović, 1903) 
 † Gyraulus virgatus (Ludwig, 1865) 
 † Gyraulus zoebeleini Schlickum & Strauch, 1974 

亚属 Lamorbis Starobogatov, 1967:Starobogatov (1967). Trudy zool. Inst. Leningr. 42: 296. represented as Gyraulis

亚属 Nautilinus Mousson, 1872Mousson A. (1873) [September 1872]. N. Denkschr. schweiz. Ges. 25: 15.
 Gyraulus clymene (Shuttleworth, 1852)"Nautilinus" . Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 1 May 2011.

亚属 Torquis Dall, 1905Dall (1905). Harriman Alaska Exp. 13: 83, 86.
 Gyraulus laevis (Alder, 1838)"Torquis" . Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 1 May 2011.

亚属 ?

 Gyraulus acronicus (Férussac, 1807)
 † Gyraulus albertanus (Clessin, 1877)  
 Gyraulus albidus Radoman, 1953
 Gyraulus albus (O. F. Müller, 1774) - White ramshorn
 † Gyraulus alienus (Rolle, 1862) 
 † Gyraulus andrussovi (Ali-Zade & Kabakova in Ali-Zade, 1969) 
 †  Gyraulus applanatus (Thomä, 1845) 
 Gyraulus argaeicus (Sturany, 1904)
 † Gyraulus arminiensis Jekelius, 1932 
 † Gyraulus atkinsoni (Johnston, 1879)
 † Gyraulus bakonicus (Halaváts, 1903) 
 Gyraulus bekaensis Glöer & Bössneck, 2007 Glöer P. & Bössneck U. (2007). "Zur Identität von Gyraulus piscinarum (Bourguignat, 1852) mit der Beschreibung von G. bekaensis n. sp. (Gastropoda: Planorbidae)". Mollusca 25(2): 139-146. PDF 
 Gyraulus biwaensis (Preston, 1916)
 † Gyraulus bondartchuki (Prysjazhnjuk, 1974)
 † Gyraulus chaenostomus (Brusina, 1902) 
 Gyraulus chinensis (Dunker, 1848)
 † Gyraulus circumstriatus (Tryon, 1866)
 凸旋螺 Gyraulus convexiusculus  
 Gyraulus corinna (Gray, 1850)
 † Gyraulus costatus (Klein, 1846) 
 Gyraulus costulatus (Krauss, 1848)Appleton C., Ghamizi M., Jørgensen A., Kristensen T. K., Lange C., Stensgaard A-S. & Van Damme D. (2009). Gyraulus costulatus. In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4. <http://www.iucnredlist.org >. Downloaded on 21 March 2011
 Gyraulus crenophilus Hubendick & Radoman, 1959"Carinogyraulus" . Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 1 May 2011.
 † Gyraulus crescens (Hilgendorf, 1867) 
 † Gyraulus cryptornatus (Sauerzopf, 1953) 
 † Gyraulus dealbatus (Braun in Walchner, 1851) 
 Gyraulus deflectus  
 † Gyraulus denudatus (Hilgendorf, 1867) 
 † Gyraulus distortus (Hyatt, 1880)
 † Gyraulus doricus (Bukowski, 1896) 
 Gyraulus edgbastonensis D. S. Brown, 2001
 † Gyraulus edlaueri (Sauerzopf, 1953) 
 Gyraulus egirdirensis Glöer & Girod, 2013
 † Gyraulus ehrenbergi (Beck, 1837)
 Gyraulus elenae Vinarski, Glöer & Palatov, 2013   Vinarski M.V., Glöer P. & Palatov D.M. (2013) Gyraulus elenae sp. n. — a new planorbid snail from eastern Turkey (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Planorbidae). Zootaxa 3664(1): 095–098
 Gyraulus essingtonensis (E. A. Smith, 1882)
 Gyraulus eugyne Meier-Brook, 1983
 Gyraulus euphraticus (Mousson, 1874)
 Gyraulus fontinalis Hubendick & Radoman, 1959
 † Gyraulus fuchsi (Lörenthey, 1902) 
 † Gyraulus geminus (Brusina, 1897) 
 Gyraulus gilberti (Dunker, 1848)
 † Gyraulus globosus (Sauerzopf, 1953)
 † Gyraulus goetzendorfensis (Sauerzopf, 1953) 
 Gyraulus hebraicus (Bourguignat, 1852)
 † Gyraulus helicophantoides (Pavlović, 1927) 
 † Gyraulus homalosomus (Brusina, 1902) 
 Gyraulus homsensis (Dautzenberg, 1894)
 Gyraulus hornensis F. C. Baker, 1934
 Gyraulus huwaizahensis Glôer & Naser, 2005
 Gyraulus ioanis Glöer & Pešić, 2007
 Gyraulus janinensis (Mousson, 1859)
 Gyraulus kahuica (Finlay & Laws, 1931)
 † Gyraulus kleini (Gottschick & Wenz, 1916) 
 Gyraulus kosiensis Glöer & Bössneck, 2013
 † Gyraulus krohi Neubauer & Harzhauser in Harzhauser et al., 2014 
 Gyraulus laevis (Alder, 1838)
 † Gyraulus ludovici (Noulet, 1854) 
 Gyraulus luguhuensis Shu, Köhler, Fu & Wang, 2013
 Gyraulus lychnidicus Hesse, 1928
 † Gyraulus marinkovici (Brusina, 1892) 
 † Gyraulus matraensis Gál et al., 1999 †
 Gyraulus mauritianus (Morelet, 1876)Brown D. S. (1996). Gyraulus mauritianus. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.  Downloaded on 7 August 2007.
 Gyraulus meierbrooki Glöer & Pešić, 2007
 † Gyraulus micromphalus (Fuchs, 1870) 
 † Gyraulus minutus (Hilgendorf, 1867) 
 † Gyraulus nedici (Brusina, 1902) 
 Gyraulus nedyalkovi Glöer & Georgiev, 2012
 † Gyraulus oecsensis Wenz, 1919 
 † Gyraulus okrugljakensis Neubauer, Harzhauser, Kroh, Georgopoulou & Mandic, 2014 †
 † Gyraulus oxystoma (Klein, 1846) 
 Gyraulus pamphylicus Glöer & Rähle, 2009
 Gyraulus parvus (Say, 1817)
 Gyraulus piscinarum (Bourguignat, 1852)
 † Gyraulus platystomus Nützel & Bandel, 1993 (?) 
 † Gyraulus popovici (Pavlović, 1927) 
 † Gyraulus primiformis (Sauerzopf, 1953) 
 † Gyraulus protectus Jekelius, 1944 
 † Gyraulus protocrescens Nützel & Bandel, 1993 
 † Gyraulus pseudhomalosomus (Sauerzopf, 1953) 
 † Gyraulus pseudotenuis (Hilgendorf, 1867) 
 † Gyraulus ptycophorus (Brusina, 1892) 
 † Gyraulus pulici (Brusina, 1897) 
 † Gyraulus quadrangulus (Neumayr in Herbich & Neumayr, 1875) 
 † Gyraulus rasseri Neubauer, Harzhauser, Kroh, Georgopoulou & Mandic, 2014†
 † Gyraulus revertens (Hilgendorf, 1867) 
 † Gyraulus rhytidophorus (Brusina, 1902) 
 Gyraulus riparius"Lamorbis" . Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 1 May 2011.
 Gyraulus rossmaessleri (Auerswald, 1852)
 Gyraulus stankovici Hadzisce, 1955
 Gyraulus rotula (Benson, 1850)
 † Gyraulus rotundistomus (Sauerzopf, 1953) 
 † Gyraulus rotundostomus Nützel & Bandel, 1993 
 † Gyraulus rumanus Wenz in Krejci-Graf & Wenz, 1932 
 † Gyraulus sabljari (Brusina, 1892) 
 † Gyraulus sachsenhoferi Harzhauser & Neubauer in Harzhauser et al., 2012 
 † Gyraulus seibersdorfensis (Sauerzopf, 1953) 
 Gyraulus shasi Glöer & Pešić, 2007
 Gyraulus sivalensis (Clessin, 1884)
 † Gyraulus soceni Jekelius, 1944 
 † Gyraulus solenoeides (Lörenthey, 1902) 
 圆口扁蜷 Gyraulus spirillus (Gould, 1859)
 Gyraulus stankovici Hadžišče, 1953
 † Gyraulus steinheimensis (Hilgendorf, 1867) 
 † Gyraulus subhemistoma (d'Orbigny, 1852) 
 † Gyraulus sulcatus (Hilgendorf, 1867) 
 † Gyraulus supremus (Hilgendorf, 1867) 
 † Gyraulus symmetricus (Sauerzopf, 1953) 
 Gyraulus taseviensis Glöer & Girod, 2013
 Gyraulus terraesacrae Rensch, 1934
 Gyraulus tokyoensis (Mori, 1938)
 Gyraulus transsylvanicus (Neumayr in Herbich & Neumayr, 1875) †
 Gyraulus trapezoides Polinski, 1929
 † Gyraulus triquetrus (Hilgendorf, 1867) 
 † Gyraulus trochiformis (Stahl, 1824) 
 † Gyraulus trolli (Sauerzopf, 1953) 
 † Gyraulus turislavicus Jekelius, 1944 
  Gyraulus vermicularis (Gould, 1847)
 † Gyraulus vermicularis (Stoliczka, 1862) 
 † Gyraulus verticillus (Brusina, 1892) 
 † Gyraulus vrapceanus Neubauer, Harzhauser, Kroh, Georgopoulou & Mandic, 2014 
 Gyraulus waterhousei (Clessin, 1885)
 † Gyraulus zemendorfensis (Sauerzopf, 1953) 

Species inquerenda
 Gyraulus acutus Clessin, 1907
 Gyraulus percarinatus Paraense, 2000 name unavailable under ICZN Art. 16.4)
Species brought into synonymy
 Gyraulus deformis Hartmann, 1844: synonym of Gyraulus acronicus (Férussac, 1807)
 † Gyraulus trochiformis applanatus (Thomä, 1845): synonym of † Gyraulus applanatus (Thomä, 1845) 
  †  Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis applanatus var. ludovici (Noulet, 1854): synonym of  † Gyraulus ludovici (Noulet, 1854) 
 † Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis kleini var. aequeumbilicatus (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of  † Gyraulus kleini (Gottschick & Wenz, 1916) 
 † Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis kleini var. subinvolutus Gottschick, 1920: synonym of † Gyraulus kleini (Gottschick & Wenz, 1916)
 † Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis kleini var. subkleini Gottschick, 1920: synonym of † Gyraulus kleini (Gottschick & Wenz, 1916)
 † Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis steinheimensis var. parvus (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of  † Gyraulus steinheimensis (Hilgendorf, 1867) 
 † Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis subhemistoma var. teres (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of † Gyraulus minutus (Hilgendorf, 1867) 
 † Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis subhemistoma var. triquetrus (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of  † Gyraulus triquetrus (Hilgendorf, 1867) 
 † Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis trochiformis var. elegans (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of † Gyraulus trochiformis (Stahl, 1824) 
 † Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis trochiformis var. turbiniformis (von Zieten, 1832): synonym of  † Gyraulus trochiformis (Stahl, 1824)

参考文献

外部連結


 BioLib taxonomy info 
Gyraulus images  at  Consortium for the Barcode of Life


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