安扎利滨海湖

右|缩略图|250x250像素|安扎利湖
安扎利滨海湖（波斯语：تالاب انزلی）（也称 Anzali Mordab, Anzali Bay,   Pahlavi Mordab, Pahlavi Bay 或 Anzali Liman）Holčik, Juraj and Oláh, János (1992) "Introduction" Fish, Fisheries and Water Quality in Anzali Lagoon and Its Watershed Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome , accessed 29 November 2008 是一个近海漓漫，或称潟湖，位于伊朗北部省份吉兰省的临里海城市安扎利港。该湖将安扎利港分成两半，也是Selke野生生物保护区和Siahkesheem河流湿地的所在处。"IR016: Anzali Mordab complex" Birdand International, accessed 29 November 2008

尽管受到污染Pourang, N. (1996) "Heavy metal concentrations in surficial sediments and benthic macroinvertebrates from Anzali wetland, Iran" Hydrobiologia 331(1/3): pp. 53–61, p.53, et.seq.，该湖仍被认为是一个观鸟的好去处。"IR016: Anzali Mordab complex" Birdand International, accessed 29 November 2008 该湖湖水的盐度从支流处的淡水向入海口处的汽水过渡。研究表明，19世纪和20世纪初时，该湖湖水的盐分含量明显高于现在。Holčik, Juraj and Oláh, János (1992) "2.3 Status of the Anzali Lagoon" Fish, Fisheries and Water Quality in Anzali Lagoon and Its Watershed Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome , accessed 29 November 2008

从20世纪30年代起，该湖的容量开始缩小至不及原先的1/4。Holčik, Juraj and Oláh, János (1992) "2.3 Status of the Anzali Lagoon" Fish, Fisheries and Water Quality in Anzali Lagoon and Its Watershed Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, accessed 29 November 2008 然而，在最近的10年中（截至2007年），由于里海海面上升导致更多的水体交换，以及支流上游灌溉使得支流盐分提高，在这样的双重作用下，该湖湖水的盐度有所上升。Holčik, Juraj and Oláh, János (1992) "2.3 Status of the Anzali Lagoon" Fish, Fisheries and Water Quality in Anzali Lagoon and Its Watershed Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, accessed 29 November 2008Final Report of the 5th Meeting on Anzali Lagoon Adaptive Management Pilot Initiation Project (17 April 2007), Caspian Environment Program (CEP), p. 4, accessed 28 November 2008

该湖现已被列入《湿地公约》的保护名录。

 渔业 
右|缩略图|250x250像素|安扎利滨海湖中生长的里海莲（Nelumbo caspicum）和细叶满江红（Azolla filiculoides）
1950年以前，安扎利滨海湖的经济渔业产量约占整个吉兰省的70%，年捕捞量超过5,000吨。Holčik, Juraj and Oláh, János (1992) "Introduction" Fish, Fisheries and Water Quality in Anzali Lagoon and Its Watershed Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, accessed 29 November 2008 商业捕捞在每年春季和秋季产卵期时进行——届时，库图拟鲤、梭鲈和欧鳊将从里海游入安扎利滨海湖。Holčik, Juraj and Oláh, János (1992) "Introduction" Fish, Fisheries and Water Quality in Anzali Lagoon and Its Watershed Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, accessed 29 November 2008 然而，由于各种因素的影响，至1960年商业捕捞彻底终止时，该湖的年捕捞量已降低至不到100吨。Holčik, Juraj and Oláh, János (1992) "Introduction" Fish, Fisheries and Water Quality in Anzali Lagoon and Its Watershed Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, accessed 29 November 2008

由于上游灌溉的增多，严重的淤积使得湖体缩小、水深降低，水源污染和水体富营养化都迫使渔业陷入停滞。如今湖水表面逐渐被大型水生植物覆盖，主要是外来的细叶满江红（Azolla filiculoides），这使得水体富营养化逐步加重，大片湖水因而缺乏足够多的溶解氧来维持鱼类的生存。Holčik, Juraj and Oláh, János (1992) "2.3.3 Azolla invasion" Fish, Fisheries and Water Quality in Anzali Lagoon and Its Watershed Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome , accessed 29 November 2008Jamalzad, F.; Nezami, Sh. and Sefat, A. Darvish (2004) "Investigation of trophic states in the Anzali Lagoon using GIS" Intecol 7th International Wetlands Conference, Utrecht, Netherlands

 地理 
安扎利湖临近伊朗吉兰省北部港口城市安扎利港，面积约15,000公顷，是伊朗为数不多的名列1975年《湿地公约》国际湿地名录的湿地之一。湿地被认为是生物多样性最为复杂的生态系统；然而，由于行政机构的疏忽，安扎利湖的生态系统正在面临遭受极大破坏的危险。

安扎利湖作为城市供水的水源地和生活、工业污水的排放处，已经严重威胁到居住于此的许多动物种群，包括至少78种鸟类。此外，一些当地的行政机构还试图在毗邻湿地的一个半岛上修建运动场。这会对湿地造成致命一击，因而在环保主义者的抗议之下至今仍未能修建。

澳大利亚、加拿大、美国和许多欧洲国家在自然保护方面所作出的努力，体现了政府对自然栖息地保护问题的严肃对待，这些自然栖息地反过来也构成了当地长久不衰的旅游吸引力。

 岛屿 
湖中的岛屿有Bozorg、Kouchak和Mianposhteh。"About Guilan Province: Anzali Wetland" Guilan Province Water and Wastewater Company , accessed 28 November 2008

 支流 
下列溪流都流入安扎利湖：Holčik, Juraj and Oláh, János (1992) "Table 4: A suspended sediment transport to Anzali Lagoon in 1990–91" Fish, Fisheries and Water Quality in Anzali Lagoon and Its Watershed Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome , accessed 29 November 2008
 Pirbazar
 Pasikhan
 Shakhraz
 Gazrudbar
 Massuleh
 Palanghvar
 Abatar
 Khalkai
 Morghak
 Bahambar
 Shaf

 参考资料 

 外部链接 

Category:亞洲潟湖
Category:伊朗湖泊
Category:拉姆薩公約登錄地