齊特琴

齊特琴（）是一種既是指弦樂器中一個類別的樂器，已同時該類別某些特定樂器的名稱。德語的本名zither字源來自拉丁詞語 cithara，跟現代英語吉他（guitar）同源。結構演化自中世紀撥弦樂瑟（psaltery），流行於奧地利的蒂羅爾和巴伐利亞。琴由一個形狀扁平的木質共鳴箱，再加上4或5根的旋律弦和37根的伴奏弦所組成；旋律弦靠向彈奏者，用左手手指上的撥子彈奏。伴奏弦則可用任何一隻手的手指彈奏。齊特琴常在輕歌劇中表現情節的鄉土氣息。

調音

齊特琴的調音表如下：
 ZITHER TUNING CHARTFRETTEDUNFRETTEDSTRINGMelodyAccompanimentBassesCountrabasses123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142PITCHMunichA4A4D4G3C3Eb4Bb3F4C4G3D4A3E4B3F#3C#4G#3Eb3Bb2F3C3G2D3A2E3B2F#2C#3G#2F2E2Eb2D2C#2C2B1Bb1A1G#1G1F#1F1VienneseA4D4G3G3C3Ab4Eb4Bb3F4C4G4D4A3E4B3F#4C#4G#3Eb2Bb2F2C3G2D2A2E2B2F#2C#2G#2C2B1Bb1A1G#G1F#1F1Notes:BasicConcertAlpine

參考來源

文獻
Dearling, Robert; Stringed Instruments; Chelsea House Publishing (2000). ISBN 0791060926
Marcuse, Sibyl; Musical Instruments: A Comprehensive Dictionary; W. W. Norton & Company (1975). ISBN 0393007588
Mühlemann, Lorenz; Die Zither in der Schweiz: Von den Anfängen bis zur Gegenwart ; Turtleback (1995). ISBN 3-729-60584-4 (German)
Ralston, Jack L.; A Selective Bibliography for the Zither; University of Missouri (1981). ASIN: B00072D9GI
Schuler, Manfred; Zither In Der Volksmusik , vol. 1 & 2; Unbekannt . ISBN 3-853-66837-2, 3-708-40155-7 (German)

外部連結

"Fretless Zithers" at MinerMusic.com  English language site dedicated to the chord zither. The authors present arguments for the instrument to be renamed 'fretless zither'. Contains some dead links.
"Zither collection of the University of Leipzig"  German language site with pictures of vintage instruments including bowed zithers (here called Streichzithern)
"Zither US"  English language site based in the U.S.A.. Contains biographies of early performers and personalities associated with the history of concert and Alpine zithers, mainly in the U.S. Also contacts for resources like instrument maintenance, enthusiast clubs and events.
'Zithernhistorie' German language site describing transition from drone zither to 19th century Mittenwald and Salzburg concert zither
Zitherseite von Werner Wölfing. German language site with photographs, history and different types of zither, links to further information and resources, zither makers and players
 Anton Karas page by his Grandson (English version)  von Werner Chudik. Contains article by Günter Wittenstein discussing the zither tuning used by Karas
Ruth Welcome Discography 

Category:撥弦樂器
Category:奧地利文化
Category:德國文化
Category:齊特琴類