阿薩姆人

阿薩姆人（），是所有生活在印度阿薩姆邦的居民的統稱，其中包括壯侗語系民族、南亞語系民族、漢藏語系民族以及印度-雅利安人，以阿薩姆語作為其共同身份認同的根據，亦有自己的文化"As a socio-ethnic linguistic community, Assamese culture evolved through many centuries in a melting pot syndrome." ，故常被視作微型國族" Assamese micro-nationalism began in the middle of the nineteenth century as an assertion of the autonomy and distinctiveness of Assamese language and culture against the British colonial view of Assam as a periphery of Bengal." 。

阿萨姆人由历史上的多个族群融合形成，主要包括13世纪西迁进入阿萨姆地区的傣族和当地土著族群，阿萨姆一词即来自于土著人群对傣族的称呼。

 語言 
通用語為阿萨姆语，属印歐语系印度-伊朗语族印度-雅利安語支，與孟加拉語相近。

 歷史 
「阿薩姆人」作為一個國族身份始於西元16世紀。當時阿洪姆王國被孟加拉蘇丹國頻密進犯，國王蘇混發建立此身份以凝聚民心共同抗敵，其後不但成功抗敵，更解放了周邊地區"The idea of a composite Assamese or Asomiya 'jati' or nationality took shape during the later part of the Ahom rule. This process had started during the first Muslim invasion from neighbouring Bengal in the 16th century when the people were brought under an Ahom or Assamese banner against the common enemy. Not only were the Ahom successful in repelling the Muslim invasions, but by the 1530s the Ahoms had freed the greater part of Kamrup and Kamata from Muslim occupation and "extended their dominion right up to the Karatoya in Murshidabad in the west and almost to close proximity of Dacc". 。

西元1615年至1671年，莫臥兒帝國頻密進犯，阿洪姆王國不但連連取勝，更進一步控制了布拉馬普特拉河谷西部地區，甚至還吸引了大量的穆斯林士兵和人才投誠、轉而對抗莫臥兒帝國"The Ahom rulers gave positions of power and eminence to the Assamese Muslims and the latter took active part in resisting successive Mughal attempts to overrun the region. The assimilation of this segment of Muslims into Assamese society was so complete that the historians who accompanied the Mughal expeditions into Assam noted that they were more Assamese than Muslim." ，「阿薩姆人」這個共同身份自此深植民心"During the rule of the Ahom monarch, Pratap Singha (1603-41) consolidation of the Assamese community was further sped up because of the common fight against Mughal incursions and encroachment on Assam territory. The Ahom victory over the Mughals in early 1616 was followed by the defeat of the Mughal army led by Ram Singh in the Battle of Saraighat in March 1671" ，而阿薩姆語亦在此時取代阿洪姆語成為王國的通用語"Incidentally, literate Ahoms retained the Tai language and script well until the end of the 17th century. In that century of Ahom-Mughal conflicts, this language first coexisted with and then was progressively replaced by Assamese (Asamiya) at and outside the Court." 。

参见
阿洪姆王国
阿薩姆語
阿薩姆邦
阿薩姆紅茶
阿薩姆跳棋
阿薩姆聯合解放陣線

參考

Category:阿萨姆邦
Category:印度族群