转基因食品争议

转基因食品争议（英語：Genetically modified food controversies）是指关于食用转基因作物及其副产品、在食品生产中利用基因工程技术而非植物配種等方面的争议。这场争议与消费者、生物技术公司、政府管理者、非政府组织和科学家都密切相关。关于基因改造食品的争论核心包括：转基因食品的上市标注、政府管理者的责任、相关科学研究的目的、转基因作物对环境和健康的影响、对害虫之的影响、对农业生产者的影响和转基因作物对满足全球粮食需求的作用。

公众对转基因食品的具体担忧包括对于转基因食品与非转基因食品在供应上的影响，转基因食品对环境造成的影响，监督者是否会渎职。、、及绿色和平等相关利益團體认为转基因相关的风险并没有被正确认识和应对，同时质疑监管机构的客观性。

目前的科学共识是此类转基因作物及其副产品的健康安全风险并不高于传统食品，也就是说转基因作物的安全性是可以保证的，不过即便如此目前对转基因的安全评估依然十分严格。对转基因食品的安全评估始于鉴定该食品是否与同类非转基因食品，即确认转基因食品是否与已经被确认无害的传统食品是否本质相同，且目前还没有报告称转基因食品在人身上造成疾病American Medical Association (2012). Report 2 of the Council on Science and Public Health: Labeling of Bioengineered Foods，archived from Wayback Machine： 「转基因食物已经被食用了近二十年，在此期间，没有一个经过同行评审的科学报告表明它对人类健康有不良效应。」("Bioengineered foods have been consumed for close to 20 years, and during that time, no overt consequences on human health have been reported and/or substantiated in the peer-reviewed literature.")(page 1)United States Institute of Medicine and National Research Council (2004). Safety of Genetically Engineered Foods: Approaches to Assessing Unintended Health Effects. National Academies Press. Free full-text . National Academies Press. pp R9-10: 「相比传统食物生产造成的健康危害，类似的严重健康影响还没能被证明同样会由转基因技术产生。这可能是因为转基因生物的研发者进行了大量分析，验证每个生物表现型都是令人满意的，并确保食物关键成分中不会产生不在计划中的变化。」 （"In contrast to adverse health effects that have been associated with some traditional food production methods, similar serious health effects have not been identified as a result of genetic engineering techniques used in food production. This may be because developers of bioengineered organisms perform extensive compositional analyses to determine that each phenotype is desirable and to ensure that unintended changes have not occurred in key components of food."），但公众还是担心转基因食品有害健康。虽然针对转基因生物产品的标注在许多国家是强制性的，但美国和加拿大并不执行类似政策，在市场上转基因食品和传统食品是没有差别的。
公众认知
尽管重视食品卫生的思想自古已有之，但在美国，直到厄普顿·辛克莱的小说《屠場》出版以及出世后，这一问题才正式被公众所广泛讨论。这进一步导致了人们对食品纯度、食品“天然度”的长期关注，这种关注随后演变到了对防腐剂、香料、甜味剂、农药残留物的担忧，有機食品的崛起以及最终对转基因食品的担忧。许多消费者认为转基因食品是“非天然的”并对转基因食品充满负面联想和恐惧（这被认为是一种逆向的晕轮效应）。

公众的看法包括但不限于将基因工程视为干预自然进化的生物过程，以及认为科学在潜在危害的评估时有局限。不过，一种反对的看法认为基因工程就是传统选择性育种的演变，且现有证据证明转基因食品在营养价值和健康方面与传统食品相同（即实质性等同）。

一系列的研究指出，人们担忧进食转基因食品对身体有害；担忧生物技术的风险十分高；担忧自己了解的信息不足，不敢冒着风险进食。

 参考文献 

外部連結 

一般看法
 GMO Compass Information on the use of genetic engineering in the agri-food industry. Authorization database with all GM plants in the EU.
 Center for Environmental Risk Assessment Database detailing all currently accepted GM crops.
 Coextra Research project on coexistence and traceability of GM and non-GM supply chains. Archived from the original on February 28, 2007.
 Labeling of Genetically Engineered Foods  A website posted by P. Bryne of the Colorado State University Extension, provides a concise list of pros and cons of labeling food derived from genetically modified organisms
 Genetic Imperialism?: the First and Third World's face-off on the frontiers of science from the Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives
Intelligence Squared. Debate on Should We Genetically Modify Foods?  "Arguing for the motion is Monsanto's Executive VP and Chief Technology Officer, Robert Fraley, and genomics and biotechnology researcher at UC Davis, Alison Van Eenennaam. Arguing against the motion is research professor at the Center for Sustaining Agriculture and Natural Resources, Charles Benbrook, and science policy consultant and former senior scientist of Union of Concerned Scientists, Margaret Mellon." April 2015

反對看法
 Soil Association 
 Center for Food Safety
 Greenpeace
 Sierra Club 
 Institute for Responsible Technology 

擁護者
 Council for Biotechnology Information 
 AgBioWorld 
 BioTech Now 
 Bill Gates 
 Bill Nye 

政府觀點
 German Federal Ministry of Education and Research
 UK Food Standards Agency 
 European Food Safety Authority
 EU legislation documents on genetically modified organisms 
 Government of Canada BioPortal

 醫療及科學做法 
 NIH National Library of Medicine 
 Royal Society, Genetically modified plants for food use and human health—an update . 2002

Category:基因改造食品
Category:基因工程
Category:技術恐懼
Category:崔永元