LILO

LILO (LInux LOader)是Linux一个啟動程式，早年是許多Linux發行版使用的啟動程式。LILO後來被GRUB和SYSLINUX取代。

总览
LILO不依赖于一个特定的文件系统，可以启动一个操作系统(例如，从软盘和硬盘启动Linux内核 [内核]镜像)。在启动时有十六种不同的镜像可供选择。各种参数，如根设备参数，可以为每种内核单独设置。LILO可以放在主引导记录(MBR)或一个分区的引导扇区中。在后者的情况下，MBR中必须包含加载LILO的代码。

在开启系统时，LILO只有通过BIOS驱动访问硬盘。因此，一个很老的BIOS访问范围限定为柱0到1023的前两个硬盘。对于后来的BIOS，LILO可以使用32位的"逻辑块寻址"(LBA)来获得访问整块硬盘的能力。

 LILO 文件 

 lilo.conf 
lilo

 /boot/ 

LILO放置了许多文件在 /boot/ – 具体请见 /boot/: LILO.

 主引导记录 

LILO可以在设备上写入主引导记录：

 /sbin/lilo -M

 输出 
当LILO加载完单词“LILO”时，每个字母出现在一些具体行动的之前或之后。如果LILO在某些行为上未能成功，可以通过到目前打印的字母来识别。

 (nothing)LILO完全没有显示，LILO没有安装或它的引导扇区所在的分区不活跃。引导媒介不正确。

 L第一阶段的引导加载程序已加载并且开始，但不能加载第二阶段的引导加载程序。两位数字代码会显示错误类型。这种情况通常是由于媒介错误或者BIOS位于硬盘坏道造成的。

 LI第一阶段的引导加载程序可以加载第二阶段的引导加载程序，但未能执行。这可能是由于BIOS位于磁盘坏道造成的。

 LIL第二阶段的引导加载程序已经启动，但不能从镜像文件中加载描述符表。这通常是由于媒介错误或者BIOS位于硬盘坏道造成的。

 LIL?第二阶段的引导加载程序在一个不正确的地址加载。这通常是通常是由于BIOS位于硬盘坏道造成的。

 LIL-描述符表已损坏。这可能是由于BIOS位于硬盘坏道造成的。

 LILOLILO所有部分都已成功加载。

 错误代码 

例如: L 01 01 01, L 07 07 07 等..

错误代码名字描述0x00Internal ErrorThis code is generated by the sector read routine of the LILO boot loader whenever an internal inconsistency is detected. This might be caused by corrupt files. Try re-building the map file. Another possible cause for this error are attempts to access cylinders beyond 1024 while using the LINEAR option.0x01Illegal CommandThis shouldn't happen, but if it does, it may indicate an attempt to access a disk which is not supported by the BIOS. Definitely check to see if the disk is seen by the BIOS first (and that the BIOS detail is complete).0x02Address mark not foundThis usually indicates a media problem. Try again several times.0x03Write-protected diskThis should only occur on write operations.0x04Sector not foundThis typically indicates a geometry mismatch. If you're booting a raw-written disk image, verify whether it was created for disks with the same geometry as the one you're using. If you're booting from a SCSI disk or a large IDE disk, you should check, whether LILO has obtained correct geometry data from the kernel or whether the geometry definition corresponds to the real disk geometry. Removing COMPACT may help too. So may adding LBA32 or LINEAR.0x06Change line activeThis should be a transient error. Try booting a second time.0x07Invalid initializationThe BIOS failed to properly initialize the disk controller. You should control the BIOS setup parameters. A warm boot might help too. (Boot a rescue disc and rerun LILO.)0x08DMA overrunThis shouldn't happen. Try booting again.0x09DMA attempt across 64k boundaryThis shouldn't happen, but may indicate a disk geometry mis-match. Try omitting the COMPACT option. You may need to specify the disk geometry yourself.0x0CInvalid mediaThis shouldn't happen and might be caused by a media error. Try booting again.0x10CRC errorA media error has been detected. Try booting several times, running the map installer a second time (to put the map file at some other physical location or to write "good data" over the bad spot), mapping out the bad sectors/tracks and, if all else fails, replacing the media.0x11ECC correction successfulA read error occurred, but was corrected. LILO does not recognize this condition and aborts the load process anyway. A second load attempt should succeed.0x20Controller errorThis shouldn't happen, then again, none of these errors should happen eh?0x40Seek failureThis might be a media problem. Try booting again.0x80Disk timeoutThe disk or the drive isn't ready. Either the media is bad or the disk isn't spinning. If you're booting from a floppy, you might not have closed the drive door. Otherwise, trying to boot again might help.0x99Invalid Second StageMismatch between drive and BIOS geometry, or a bad map file. Some evidence that LINEAR needs to be set on the disk (see LiloNotes)0x9ACan't Find Second StageCheck to see if you have the correct device for boot, e.g. boot=/dev/hda1 when it should be in the MBR i.e. boot=/dev/.0xBBBIOS errorThis shouldn't happen. Try booting again. If the problem persists, removing the COMPACT option or adding/removing LINEAR or LBA32 might help.

 请参阅 

 Comparison of boot loaders
 Linux
 Boot loader
 GNU GRUB
 SYSLINUX
 Windows Boot Manager
 NTLDR
 SILO
 PALO

 注意 
 LILO installation instructions
 LILO mini-HOWTO 
 LILO error messages
 LILO and GRUB: Boot Loaders Made Simple by Judith Myerson 
 From Lilo to Grub
 Lilo tips from the Linux Kernel Howto 




外部链接
 Official homepage
 Project homepage on Alioth

Category:引导程序