理查德·哈特向

理查德·哈茨霍恩（Hartshorne发音应为harts-horn，即哈茨霍恩。，），美国著名地理学家。

生平
生于宾夕法尼亚州基坦宁，1920年本科毕业于普林斯顿大学，1924年在芝加哥大学获得博士学位，1924年到1940年间执教于明尼苏达大学，1945年到1970年间执教于威斯康星大学。二战期间（1941年—1945年）在战略情报局（OSS）研究和分析处创立了地理部。McMaster, Robert and McMaster, Susanna, "A History of Twentieth-Century American Academic Cartography" in Cartography and Geographic Information Science, v.29, n. 3, July, 2002, American Congress on Surveying and Mapping, Gaithersburg, MD. U of Wisconsin PDF Eprint 

他是20世纪50年代著名的地理学科性质之争的主角之一。其争论由弗莱德·K·谢菲尔引入的“科学方法”和空间规律研究引起，谢菲尔将哈特向的“传统方法”批判为“哈特向式正统派”。

因癌症逝世于其麦迪逊的家中。New York Times Obituary, "Richard Hartshorne; Geographer Was 92", November 10, 1992, EprintMartin, Geoffrey J., "In Memoriam: Richard Hartshorne, 1899-1992", Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 84, No. 3 (Sep., 1994), pp. 480-492, JSTOR他的兄弟之一，查尔斯·哈茨霍恩是美国著名哲学家。

奖励和荣誉
 理查德·哈茨霍恩是1949年美国地理学家协会主席。
 该协会在1960年授予其最高奖。
 1971年4月17日获克拉克大学授予的法学博士（荣誉博士）。
 1984年获皇家地理学会维多利亚奖。

专著
 The Nature of Geography: A Critical Survey of Current Thought in the Light of the Past, 1939. 该书的副标题反应了他认为作为科学家和学者的地理学家应该熟悉自己研究领域已有的成果，并将其考虑到自己的研究内。该书本身成为了地理学的标准，并在其后数十年中仍在印刷；该书第七版出版于2000年。编辑评论和第一、二、十一和十二章的电子版 。

 Perspective on the Nature of Geography, 1959.

 The Academic Citizen: Selected Statements by Richard Hartshorne 附有Mark Hoyt Ingraham的引介和注释，“Mark H. Ingraham，数学名誉教授，长时间担任文理学院院长，AAUP前主席……”——前言第VI页。U of Wisconsin 1970. Various statements on academic issues, authored (in some cases, co-authored) by Hartshorne, from the late 1940s through the 1960s (his pre-emeritus years at the University of Wisconsin).

论文
 "Location as a Factor in Geography", Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 17, No. 2 (Jun., 1927), pp. 92–99
 "Geographic and Political Boundaries in Upper Silesia", Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 23, No. 4 (Dec., 1933), pp. 195–228.
 (and Samuel N. Dicken) "A Classification of the Agricultural Regions of Europe and North America on a Uniform Statistical Basis", Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 25, No. 2 (Jun., 1935), pp. 99–120.
 "Recent Developments in Political Geography, I", The American Political Science Review, Vol. 29, No. 5 (Oct., 1935), pp. 785–804.
 "Recent Developments in Political Geography, II", The American Political Science Review, Vol. 29, No. 6 (Dec., 1935), pp. 943–966.
 "Six Standard Seasons of the Year", Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 28, No. 3 (Sep., 1938), pp. 165–178.
 "The Concepts of 'Raison d'Être' and 'Maturity' of States; Illustrated from the Mid-Danube Area", Annals of the Association of American Geographers, vol. 30, pp. 59–60; 1940.
 "The Politico-Geographic Pattern of the World", Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 218, Public Policy in a World at War (Nov., 1941), pp. 45–57.
 "The Concept of Geography as a Science of Space, from Kant and Humboldt to Hettner", Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 48, No. 2 (Jun., 1958), pp. 97–108.
 "Political Geography in the Modern World", The Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 4, No. 1, The Geography of Conflict (Mar., 1960), pp. 52–66.

参考资料

Category:基坦宁人
Category:美国地理学家
Category:普林斯頓大學校友
Category:芝加哥大學校友
Category:美国地理学家协会会长