埃塞尔·史密斯 (作曲家)

埃塞尔·玛丽·史密斯女爵士，DBE（，），女，英国作曲家和争取女性參政權运动的成员之一。史密斯出生于伦敦，是家里八个孩子中的老四。 她的父亲J. H. Smyth是皇家炮兵的一名少将，非常反对她的音乐事业。Gates (2013), ppp. 1 - 9

但史密斯没有受到父亲影响，成为了一位优秀的作曲家。她师从一位私人家教，后来进入萊比錫孟德爾頌音樂戲劇學院学习，在那里她遇到了许多作曲家。她的作品包括歌曲，钢琴作品，室内乐，管弦乐，协奏曲作品，合唱作品和歌剧。

她住在Frimhurst很多年。Jebens and Cansdale, p. 4但是从1913年起，她开始逐渐丧失听力，完成四个主要作品就完全耳聋，作曲生涯也结束了。然而，她又开始在文学上感兴趣，在1919年和1940年，她出版了10本非常成功的书，大多是自传。

为了表彰史密斯作为作曲家和作家的成就，1922年她被授予大英帝國勳章（DBE）。1944年史密斯死于沃金，并在当地火化。

音乐生涯

参与运动

个人生活
史密斯曾经有过好几段恋情，大部分是与女性。她歌剧作品的词作者Henry Bennet Brewster，可能是她唯一的男性情人。St. John, p. ?她曾与已婚的艾米琳·潘克斯特有过恋情。在她71岁时喜欢上了作家弗吉尼亚·吴尔夫，吴尔夫既惊慌又好笑，后来她们成为了朋友。Abromeit, Kathleen A.,  "Ethel Smyth, The Wreckers, and Sir Thomas Beecham", The Musical Quarterly, Vol. 73, issue 2, 1989, pp. 196–211. By subscription or payment on JSTOR

作品
作曲

Impressions That Remained (1919)
Streaks Of Life (1921)
A Three-Legged Tour in Greece (1927) 
A Final Burning of Boats (1928)
Female Pipings in Eden (1933)

Beecham and Pharaoh (1935)
As Time Went On (1936)
Inordinate (?) Affection (1936)
Maurice Baring (1938) 
What Happened Next (1940)

录音
 Violin Sonata in A minor, Op. 7, Cello Sonata in A minor, Op. 5, String Quintet in E major, Op. 1, String Quartet in E minor (1912): Renate Eggebrecht, violin, Friedemann Kupsa cello, Céline Dutilly piano, fanny mendelssohn quartet, TRO-CD 01403 (2-CD-Set).
 Double Concerto in A for violin, horn and piano (1926): Renate Eggebrecht violin, Franz Draxinger horn, Céline Dutilly piano; Four Songs for mezzosoprano and chamber ensemble (1907): Melinda Paulsen mezzo, Ethel Smyth ensemble; Three songs for mezzosoprano and piano (1913): Melinda Paulsen mezzo, Angela Gassenhuber piano, TRO-CD 01405.
 Cello Sonata in C minor (1880): Friedemann Kupsa cello, Anna Silova piano; Lieder und Balladen, Opp. 3 & 4, Three Moods of the Sea (1913): Maarten Koningsberger baritone, Kelvin Grout piano, TRO-CD 01417.
 String Quartet in E Minor and String Quintet op. 1 in E Major. Mannheimer Streichquartett and Joachim Griesheimer. CPO 999 352-2.
 Complete Piano Works. Liana Serbescu. CPO 999 327-2.
 Concerto for Violin, Horn and Orchestra. BBC Philharmonic, cond. Odaline de la Martinez. Chandos Chan 9449.
 Mass in D. Eiddwen Harrhy, The Plymouth Music Series, Pilip Brunelle. Virgin Classics VC 7 91188-2.
 The Wreckers. Anne-Marie Owens, Justin Lavender, Peter Sidhom, David Wilson-Johnson, Judith Howarth, Anthony Roden, Brian Bannatyne-Scott, Annemarie Sand. Huddersfield Choral Society, BBC Philharmonic, Odaline de la Martinez. Conifer Classics.

參見
 古典音樂作曲家列表

参考资料
注释

引用来源
Benson, E.F. (1986), Dodo: An Omnibus. London: Hogarth Press, 1986  ISBN 0701206969 ISBN 0-7012-0696-9
Gates, Eugene (2006), "Damned If You Do and Damned If You Don't: Sexual Aesthetics and the Music of Dame Ethel Smyth" , Kapralova Society Journal 4, no. 1, 2006: 1-5.
Gates, Eugene (2013), "Dame Ethel Smyth: Pioneer of English Opera." Kapralova Society Journal 11, no. 1 (2013): 1-9.
Jebens, Dieter and R. Cansdale (2004), Guide to the Basingstoke Canal. Basingstoke Canal Authority and the Surrey and Hampshire Canal Society, 2004. (2nd Edition)
 St. John, Christopher (1959), Ethel Smyth: A Biography. London: Longmans, Green & Co., 1959.

延伸阅读
Anderson, Gwen, Ethyl Smyth, London: Cecil Woolf, 1997. ISBN 189796790X  ISBN 1-897967-90-X 
 Bartsch, Cornelia, Rebecca Grotjahn, and Melanie Unseld. Felsensprengerin, Brückenbauerin, Wegbereiterin: Die Komponistin Ethel Smyth. Rock Blaster, Bridge Builder, Road Paver: The Composer Ethel Smyth.  Allitera (2010) ISBN 978-3-86906-068-2
 Collis, Louise. Impetuous Heart: The Story of Ethel Smyth. London: William Kimber, 1984. ISBN 0-7183-0543-4
 Crichton, Ronald. The Memoirs of Ethel Smyth. London: Viking Press, 1987. ISBN 0670806552 ISBN 0-670-80655-2 
Kertesz, Elizabeth Jane,  Issues in the critical reception of Ethel Smyth’s Mass and first four operas in England and Germany, Ph. D. Dissertation, Melboure: University of Melbourne on unimelb.edu.au

外部链接

 The Lied, Art Song and Choral Texts Archive
 Dame Ethel Smyth: Pioneer of English Opera  - by Eugene Gates, Kapralova Society Journal.
 Ethel Smyth  - by Valarie Morris, Sandscape Publications.
 Ethel Smyth Research Centre Detmold, Germany
 Ethel Mary Smyth letter 
 Ethel Mary Smyth letter 2  
 Dame Ethel Mary Smyth (1858-1944), Composer and writer  (National Portrait Gallery)

 Works by Ethel Smyth on Internet Archive
 Dame Ethel Smyth: Composer, suffragette, sportswoman and resident of Woking 

Category:DBE勳銜
Category:20世纪英格兰女音乐家
Category:浪漫主義作曲家
Category:歌劇作曲家
Category:英格蘭女作家
Category:英格蘭女性主義者
Category:女性主義作家
Category:LGBT作曲家
Category:英格蘭LGBT人物
Category:女同性戀者
Category:貝克斯利區作家
Category:锡德卡普人
Category:弗里姆利人
Category:肯特郡音樂家
Category:英格兰古典音乐作曲家
Category:英国女古典音乐作曲家
Category:19世紀古典音樂作曲家