天蛾科

天蛾科（学名：）是鱗翅目的一科，科名取自希腊语“Sphinx”，即希腊神话中的怪物“斯芬克斯”。天蛾科下轄200多個屬，約1,450個品種。本科物種大多數於熱帶生活，但其每一個地區都有其踪影。本科昆虫主要特征是前翅狭长，后翅呈短三角形，复眼大，胸部粗壮，腹部末端尖及呈流線型，触角端部细而弯曲。體型中等到大，所以可作快速及持續的飛行，最快可達每小時40到50公里Akkuzu, et al. 2008。

 分類 
 早期分類 
在1903年，Rothschild and Jordan最先為天蛾科物種作科學化的分類，以物種有沒有感毛（microtrichia），把整個科分為感毛組與無感毛組兩大組，下設五亞科七大族，分別如下：
 (Rothschild & Jordan, 1903) Janse, 1932
 ：約40屬200種
（）
  Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

 現時分類 
現時的分類把原來的無感毛組一分為二，成為了天蛾亞科和目天蛾亞科；而原來的感毛組成為現在的長喙天蛾亞科Kawahara et al. 2009。

天蛾科以下的200多個屬，現時分作三個亞科，分別如下：
 （ Harris, 1839）



 （）
 鷹翅天蛾族（Ambulycini）
 目天蛾族（Smerinthini）
 絨天蛾族（Sphingulini）
 天蛾亞科 Sphinginae
 面形天蛾族 Acherontiini
 天蛾族 Sphingini

属
 Acanthosphinx Aurivillius, 1892
 面形天蛾属 Acherontia Laspeyres, 1809
 Acosmerycoides Mell, 1922
 Acosmeryx Boisduval, 1874
 Adhemarius Oiticica, 1939
 Aellopos Hübner, 1819
 Afroclanis Carcasson, 1968
 Afrosataspes Basquin & Cadiou, 1986
 Afrosphinx Carcasson, 1968
 Agnosia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Agrius Hübner, 1819
 Akbesia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Aleuron Boisduval, 1870
 Altijuba Lachlan, 1999
 Ambulyx Westwood, 1847
 Amorpha Hübner, 1809
 Ampeloeca Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Ampelophaga Bremer & Grey, 1853
 Amphimoea Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Amphion Hübner, 1819
 Amplypterus Hübner, 1819
 Anambulyx Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Andriasa Walker, 1856
 Angonyx Boisduval, 1874
 Antinephele Holland, 1889
 Apocalypsis Butler, 1876
 Arctonotus Boisduval, 1852
 Atemnora Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Autogramma Oiticica, 1946
 Avinoffia Clark, 1929
 Baniwa Lichy, 1981
 Barbourion Clark, 1934
 Basiothia Walker, 1856
 Batocnema Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Bergmania Bryk, 1946
 Berutana Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Cadiouclanis Eitschberger, 2007
 Callambulyx Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Callionima Lucas, 1857
 Callosphingia Rothschild & Jordan, 1916
 Calymnia Walker, 1856
 Cautethia Grote, 1865
 Cechenena Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Cechetra
 Celerio Oken, 1815
 Centroctena Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Cephonodes Hübner, 1819
 Ceratomia Harris, 1839
 Cerberonoton
 Ceridia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Chaerocina Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Chelacnema
 Chloroclanis Carcasson, 1968
 Cizara Walker, 1856
 Clanidopsis Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Clanis Hübner, 1819
 Clarina Tutt, 1903
 Cocytius Hübner, 1819
 Coelonia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Coenotes Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Coequosa Walker, 1856
 Compsogene Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Compsulyx Holloway, 1979
 Craspedortha Mell, 1922
 Cressonia Grote & Robinson, 1865
 Cypa Walker, 1864
 Cypoides Matsumura, 1921
 Dahira Moore, 1888
 Daphnis Hübner, 1819
 Daphnusa Walker, 1856
 Darapsa Walker, 1856
 Dargeclanis Eitschberger, 2007
 Degmaptera Hampson, 1896
 Deidamia Clemens, 1859
 Deilephila Laspeyres, 1809
 Diludia Grote & Robinson, 1865
 Dolba Walker, 1856
 Dolbina Staudinger, 1887
 Dolbogene Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Dovania Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Elibia Walker, 1856
 Ellenbeckia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Enpinanga Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Enyo Hübner, 1819
 Erinnis Erinnyis Hübner, 1819
 Euchloron Boisduval, 1875
 Eumorpha Hübner, 1807
 Eupanacra Cadiou & Holloway, 1989
 Euproserpinus Grote & Robinson, 1865
 Eupyrrhoglossum Grote, 1865
 Euryglottis Boisduval, 1874
 Eurypteryx Felder, 1874
 Falcatula Carcasson, 1968
 Gehlenia Bryk, 1944
 Giganteopalpus Huwe, 1895
 Gnathothlibus Wallengren, 1858
 Grammodia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Grillotius Rougeot, 1973
 Griseosphinx Cadiou & Kitching, 1990
 Gurelca Kirby, 1880
 Gynoeryx Carcasson, 1968
 Gynoeryx Guenée, 1865
 Haemaris Dalman, 1816
 Hayesiana Fletcher, 1982
 Hemaris Dalman, 1816
 Hemeroplanes Hübner, 1819
 Heppneriana
 Himantoides Butler, 1877
 Hippotion Hübner, 1819
 Hopliocnema Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Hoplistopus Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Hyles Hübner, 1819
 松天蛾属 Hyloicus Hübner, 1819
 Hypaedalea Butler, 1877
 Hypaedalia Butler, 1877
 Ihlegramma Eitschberger, 2003
 Imber Moulds, Tuttle & Lane, 2010
 Isognathus Felder & Felder, 1862
 Isogramma Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Isoparce Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Kentrochrysalis Staudinger, 1887
 Kloneus Skinner, 1923
 Langia Moore, 1872
 Laothoe Fabricius, 1807
 Lapara Walker, 1856
 Lepchina Oberthür, 1904
 Leptoclanis Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Leucomonia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Leucophlebia Westwood, 1847
 Leucorhampha Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Leucostrophus Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Likoma Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Litosphingia Jordan, 1920
 Lomocyma Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Lophostethus Butler, 1876
 Lycosphingia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Maassenia Saalmüller, 1884
 Macroglossum Scopoli, 1777
 Macropoliana Carcasson, 1968
 Madoryx Boisduval, 1875
 Malgassoclanis Carcasson, 1968
 Manduca Hübner, 1807
 Marumba Moore, 1882
 Megacorma Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Meganoton Boisduval, 1874
 Metamimas Butler, 1877
 Micracosmeryx Mell, 1922
 Microclanis Carcasson, 1968
 Microsphinx Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Mimas Hübner, 1819
 Mioclanis Zhang, Sun & Zhang, 1994
 Monarda Druce, 1896
 Morwennius Cassidy, Allen & Harman, 2002
 Nannoparce Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Neoclanis Carcasson, 1968
 Neococytius Hodges, 1971
 Neogene Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Neogurelca Hogenes & Treadaw, 1993
 Neopolyptychus Carcasson, 1968
 Nephele Hübner, 1819
 Notonagemia
 Nyceryx Boisduval, 1874
 Oberthurion Clark, 1923
 Odontosida Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Oligographa Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Opistoclanis Jordan, 1929
 Oplerclanis Eitschberger, 2007
 Orecta Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Oryba Walker, 1856
 Oxyambulyx Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Pachygonidia Fletcher, 1982
 Pachylia Walker, 1856
 Pachylioides Hodges, 1971
 Pachysphinx Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Panogena Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Pantophaea Jordan, 1946
 Pantophaea Oiticica, 1946
 Paonias Hübner, 1819
 Paratrea Grote, 1903
 Parum Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Pentateucha Swinhoe, 1908
 Pergesa Walker, 1856
 Perigonia Herrich-Schäffer, 1854
 Phanoxyla Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Philodila Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Pholus Hübner, 1819
 Phryxus Hübner, 1819
 Phyllosphingia Swinhoe, 1897
 Phylloxiphia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Pierreclanis Eitschberger, 2007
 Platysphinx Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Poliana Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Poliodes Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Polyptychopsis Carcasson, 1968
 Polyptychus Hübner, 1819
 Praedora Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Proserpinus Hübner, 1819
 Protaleuron Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Protambulyx Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Protoparce Burmeister, 1855
 Pseudandriasa Carcasson, 1968
 Pseudenyo Holland, 1889
 Pseudoangonyx Eitschberger, 2010
 Pseudoclanis Rothschild, 1894
 Pseudodolbina Rothschild, 1894
 Pseudopolyptychus Carcasson, 1968
 Pseudosphinx Burmeister, 1856
 Psilogramma Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Rethera Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Rhadinopasa Druce, 1880
 Rhadinopasa Karsch, 1891
 Rhagastis Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Rhodafra Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Rhodambulyx Mell, 1939
 Rhodoprasina Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Rhyncholaba Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Rothinjoa
 Rufoclanis Carcasson, 1968
 Sagenosoma Jordan, 1946
 Sagenosoma Oiticica, 1946
 Sataspes Moore, 1857
 Smerinthulus Huwe, 1895
 Smerinthus Latreille, 1802
 Sphecodina Blanchard, 1840
 Sphingidites Kernbach, 1967
 Sphingonaepiopsis Wallengren, 1858
 Sphingoneopsis Wallengren, 1858
 Sphingulus Staudinger, 1887
 天蛾属 Sphinx Linnaeus, 1758
 Stolidoptera Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Synoecha Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Syzygia Grote & Robinson, 1865
 Temnora Walker, 1856
 Temnoripais Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Tetrachroa Rothschild & Jordan, 1909
 Thamnoecha Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Theretra Hübner, 1819
 Thibetia Joicey & Kaye, 1917
 Tinostoma Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Triptogon Ménétriés, 1857
 Trogolegnum Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Unzela Walker, 1856
 Viriclanis Aarvik, 1999
 Xanthopan Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
 Xenosphingia Jordan, 1920
 Xylophanes Hübner, 1819
 Zacria'' Haxaire & Melichar, 2003

参考资料

 外部連結 


 European Butterflies and Moths
 Sphingidae of the United States
 Family Sphingidae at Lepidoptera.pro
 Pictures
 Australian Museum Fact Sheet - Hawk Moths
  CATE-Sphingidae: a recently initiated project to produce a "one-stop shop" for Sphingidae taxonomy
 CSIRO: Australian Moths Online - Sphingidae
 ACG Sphingidae of Costa Rica images.
 List of Sphingidae Types (Museum Witt München).
 Flickr Images, mosly excellent


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