罗伯茨时期美国最高法院案例列表

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这是一个美国最高法院首席大法官约翰·格洛佛·罗伯茨 (2005年9月29日 - 至今)任职期间依庭期顺序排列的部分案例列表。美国最高法院的工作庭期从当年10月的第一个星期一开始持续到次年6月或7月初。

2005年庭期案件

案件名引用简介
</noinclude>|-|colspan="3"|首席大法官约翰·格洛佛·罗伯茨（2005年9月29日）负责的案件 
|- Gonzales v. Oregon  司法部长对受管制物质法案的解释并不能使其合法地禁止为医生协助自杀而分发药物  Ayotte v. Planned Parenthood of Northern New England  Invalidating statute and lower courts rendering narrower declaratory and injunctive relief 赖斯诉柯林斯案  人身保护令 may not be granted on the basis of debatable inferences used to overturn the trial court's finding vis-á-vis peremptory challenges Central Virginia Community College v. Katz  state sovereign immunity under the 11th Amendment and the Bankruptcy Clause Gonzales v. O Centro Espirita Beneficente Uniao do Vegetal  Federal government could not bar religious use of hallucinogenic tea Buckeye Check Cashing, Inc. v. Cardegna  Arbitrator must decide legality of contract unless arbitration clause is itself being challenged Domino's Pizza, Inc. v. McDonald  agent of a party to a contract cannot state a claim under  because he himself does not have rights to make or enforce under the contract 杜兰诉美国邮政系统案  scope of immunity of the United States Postal Service under the Federal Tort Claims Act Arbaugh v. Y & H Corporation  "Employee-numerosity" requirement of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is substantive, rather than jurisdictional in nature Oregon v. Guzek  States may constitutionally limit the evidence of innocence a defendant convicted of a capital offense may present at his sentencing hearing to the evidence already presented at his trial. Texaco, Inc. v. Dagher  joint venture was not a price-fixing scheme under antitrust law Scheidler v. National Organization for Women  physical violence unrelated to robbery or extortion falls outside the scope of the Hobbs Act Illinois Tool Works, Inc. v. Independent Ink, Inc.  patented products involved in product tying arrangements are not presumed to have market power under antitrust law Rumsfeld v. Forum for Academic and Institutional Rights  law schools receiving federal funds may not ban military recruiters 美国诉格拉布斯案  anticipatory search warrant did not violate the particularity clause of the 4th Amendment 佐治亚州诉兰多夫案  police cannot conduct a warrantless search in a home where one occupant consents and the other objects Day v. McDonough  A State's unintentional failure to object to the filing of a habeas corpus petition after the statute of limitations has expired does not prevent a district court from dismissing the petition on its own initiative Northern Ins. Co. of N.Y. v. Chatham County  sovereign immunity does not apply to admiralty suit against county Jones v. Flowers  sufficiency of notice for tax sale 哈特曼诉摩尔案  A plaintiff in a retaliatory-prosecution action against federal officials must plead and show the absence of probable cause for pressing the underlying criminal charges. Ark. Dep't of Human Servs. v. Ahlborn  state liens on personal injury settlements Marshall v. Marshall  federal bankruptcy court binding state court on inheritance question 霍姆斯诉南卡罗来纳州案  limitations on exclusion of evidence in murder case, 6th Amendment DaimlerChrysler Corp. v. Cuno  taxpayer standing in a Dormant Commerce Clause case Sereboff v. Mid Atlantic Medical Services, Inc.  fiduciary's recovery of personal injury settlement under ERISA eBay Inc. v. MercExchange, L.L.C.  nature of patent injunctions - revisiting Continental Paper Bag Co. v. Eastern Paper Bag Co. S. D. Warren Co. v. Maine Bd. of Env. Protection  interpreting scope of activities covered by the Clean Water Act 布里格姆城诉斯图尔特案  reasonableness of officers' warrantless entry into a home to stop a fight under the "emergency aid exception" Garcetti v. Ceballos  extent of public employees' First Amendment right to free speech in the workplace Anza v. Ideal Steel Supply Corp.  activities subject to RICO Zedner v. United States  a criminal defendant may not prospectively waive his rights under the Speedy Trial Act House v. Bell  Post-conviction DNA forensic evidence can be considered in death penalty appeals 希尔诉麦克唐纳案  a challenge to lethal injection as violating the Eighth Amendment properly raised a claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, and is not barred by previous habeas corpus petition 哈德森诉密歇根州案  evidence obtained with a search warrant is admissible even when police violate 'knock-and-announce' rule Rapanos v. United States  whether wetlands are part of the "navigable waters of the United States" and thus regulated by the Clean Water Act 戴维斯诉华盛顿案  whether a 911 call is "testimonial" under Crawford v. Washington 萨姆森诉加利福尼亚案  evidence obtained in a suspicionless search of parolees is admissible, and not prohibited under the Fourth Amendment 狄克逊诉合众国案  burden of proof for duress as a defense to Federal firearms law violations Burlington Northern & Santa Fe Railway Co. v. White  a job reassignment which is dirtier and more strenuous may constitute retaliatory discrimination under the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as may a month of suspension without pay even when the employee receives back pay Woodford v. Ngo  the Prison Litigation Reform Act requires proper exhaustion of administrative remedies before an inmate can file a lawsuit United States v. Gonzalez-Lopez  trial court's erroneous deprivation of a criminal defendant's choice of counsel entitles him to reversal of his conviction 堪萨斯州诉马什案  statute allowing the death penalty in cases where the aggravating and mitigating evidence are equal does not violate the Eighth Amendment Randall v. Sorrell  campaign finance laws which limit expenditures violate the First Amendment, and the anticorruption benefits of contribution limits must be weighed against their First Amendment costs Arlington Central School Dist. Bd. of Ed. v. Murphy The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act does not authorize the award of experts' fees to prevailing plaintiffs Sanchez-Llamas v. Oregon  informing a suspect of his rights under the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations League of United Latin American Citizens v. Perry  Texas's 2003 redistricting of District 23 constituted a violation of Latinos' rights under the Voting Rights Act of 1965, however mid-decade redistricting is constitutional as long as it is not solely motivated by partisan gain Hamdan v. Rumsfeld  Guantanamo Bay detainees may not be tried by a military commission under the Detainee Treatment Act of 2005, and said military commission violates the Uniform Code of Military Justice and the Geneva Conventions, both of which apply to the detainees, in that accused and their counsels may be excluded from their trial and knowing what evidence has been put against them Clark v. Arizona  constitutionality of Arizona's insanity defense statute

2006年庭期案件
案件名引用简介
</noinclude>|-|colspan="3"|首席大法官约翰·格洛佛·罗伯茨（2005年9月29日）负责的案件 
|- Lopez v. Gonzales  misdemeanor drug crimes as aggravated felonies Carey v. Musladin  spectator publicity and the right to a fair trial; "clearly established" law under the AEDPA BP America Production Co. v. Burton  Statute of limitations on contract actions by the Federal Government under  is not applicable to administrative proceedings Medimmune, Inc. v. Genentech, Inc.   enforceability of patents before infringement Cunningham v. California  applicability of Blakely v. Washington to California's determinate sentencing law Philip Morris USA v. Williams  constitutional limitations on punitive damages Marrama v. Citizens Bank of Massachusetts  bad-faith exception to the right to convert Chapter 7 bankruptcy case to a Chapter 13 case Sinochem International Co., Ltd. v. Malaysia International Shipping Corporation  District Court may respond immediately to defendant's forum non conveniens motion before resolving jurisdictional or other threshold concerns Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency  power to regulate carbon dioxide emissions Davenport v. Washington Education Association  A state may require that its public-sector unions receive authorization from nonmembers before spending their agency fees for election-related purposes 冈萨雷斯诉卡哈特案  部份生产堕胎法合宪 James v. United States  attempted burglary as a predicate crime under the Armed Career Criminal Act Scott v. Harris  Fourth Amendment seizure in a high speed chase, qualified immunity KSR v. Teleflex  Patent law, nonobviousness Microsoft v. AT&T  copying software in a foreign country cannot violate U.S. patent law Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.  statute of limitations on employment discrimination claims Permanent Mission of India v. City of New York  whether a municipality can sue other countries to collect unpaid taxes Bowles v. Russell  Federal Courts of Appeals lack jurisdiction to hear habeas appeals that are filed late, even if the district court said the petitioner had additional time to file Brendlin v. California  whether a passenger in an automobile is "detained" so that he may assert a Fourth Amendment violation stemming from the traffic stop itself Credit Suisse v. Billing  Whether Congress's creation of the SEC implicitly exempted regulated industries from antitrust lawsuits 丽塔诉合众国案  "reasonableness" of a federal prison sentence under United States v. Booker; continuing application of the Federal Sentencing Guidelines Tellabs, Inc. v. Makor Issues & Rights, Ltd.  The proper standard for determining whether a plaintiff has alleged a "strong inference" of scienter under the PSLRA 摩士诉弗雷德里克案  free speech rights of high school students ("Bong Hits 4 Jesus") CBOCS West v. Humphries   race retaliation claims under 42 U.S.C. § 1981 Federal Election Commission v. Wisconsin Right to Life, Inc.  Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act's restriction on issue ads in election campaigns Hein v. Freedom From Religion Foundation  taxpayer standing to pursue an Establishment Clause claim against President Bush's faith-based initiative Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1
Meredith v. Jefferson County Board of Education (companion case)  affirmative action; using race as a tie-breaker in assigning students to public schools Leegin Creative Leather Products, Inc. v. PSKS, Inc.  applying rule of reason under Section 1 of the Sherman Act Panetti v. Quarterman  对精神病患者的处决
2007年庭期案件
案件名引用简介
</noinclude>|-|colspan="3"|首席大法官约翰·格洛佛·罗伯茨（2005年9月29日）负责的案件 
|- 沃森诉合众国案  whether trading drugs for a gun constitutes use of a firearm under  and Bailey v. United States Kimbrough v. United States  whether the 100:1 ratio between powder and crack cocaine imposed by the United States Sentencing Commission yields "reasonable" sentences Gall v. United States  "reasonableness" of a federal prison sentence under United States v. Booker; continuing application of the Federal Sentencing Guidelines Stoneridge Investment Partners v. Scientific-Atlanta  third parties, such as investment banks, accounting firms and suppliers, can be shielded from liability if they engage in business with companies that are involved in securities fraud. Ali v. Federal Bureau of Prisons  Case upholding the United States's sovereign immunity against tort claims brought when "any law enforcement officer" loses a person's property. Riegel v. Medtronic, Inc.  Medical Device Amendment’s preemption clause bars common-law claims challenging the safety or effectiveness of a medical device marketed in a form that received premarket approval from the FDA. 普雷斯顿诉费雷尔案  the Federal Arbitration Act preempts state laws declaring that certain disputes must be resolved by a state administrative agency 斯奈德诉路易斯安那州案  racial discrimination in jury selection; playing the "O.J. card" Medellín v. Texas  whether the president may direct state courts to obey an order of the World Court ruling regarding the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations New Jersey v. Delaware  boundary dispute between New Jersey and Delaware involving the Twelve-Mile Circle MeadWestvaco Corp. v. Illinois Dept. of Revenue  determination of state tax liability for corporation operating in multiple states according to the "unitary business rule" 巴泽诉里斯案  constitutionality of lethal injection protocols under the Eighth Amendment Virginia v. Moore  whether the Fourth Amendment requires suppression of evidence discovered in a search conducted in violation of state law Crawford v. Marion County Election Board  constitutionality of requiring voters to show ID before voting Department of Revenue of Kentucky v. Davis  Kentucky statute providing a preferential tax break to Kentucky residents who invest in bonds issued by the state and its municipalities does not discriminate against interstate commerce United States v. Williams  constitutionality of the PROTECT Act, a 2003 law intended to bolster federal restriction against child pornography, in the wake of Ashcroft v. Free Speech Coalition Gomez-Perez v. Potter  Federal employees who face retaliation after filing an age discrimination claim are authorized to sue under the federal-sector provision of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967. Quanta v. LG Electronics  patent exhaustion and its applicability to certain types of method patents Boumediene v. Bush  whether the Military Detainee Treatment Act of 2006 unconstitutionally suspends the writ of habeas corpus Allison Engine Co. v. United States ex rel. Sanders  Plaintiffs under the False Claims Act must demonstrate that the defendants intended to deceive the government, not simply that government money was used to pay the claim. Munaf v. Geren  habeas corpus statute extends to American citizens held overseas by American forces operating subject to an American chain of command Indiana v. Edwards  may a criminal defendant be competent to stand trial yet simultaneously not competent to represent himself at that trial? Greenlaw v. United States  may a federal appeals court sua sponte increase a defendant's sentence on appeal, without a formal appeal by the government? Rothgery v. Gillespie County  does a criminal defendant have a right to counsel at an ex parte arraignment? Exxon Shipping Co. v. Baker  legality of punitive damages award under federal maritime law for the Exxon Valdez oil spill Kennedy v. Louisiana  does the Eighth Amendment forbid the death penalty for rape of a child? Giles v. California  the forfeiture by wrongdoing exception to out of court statements by a witness only applies where the defendant caused the witness's absence in order to eliminate their testimony at trial District of Columbia v. Heller  does the Second Amendment allows a state or local government to outlaw the private possession of handguns? Davis v. Federal Election Commission  "Millionaire's amendment" to the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 violates the First Amendment
2008年庭期案件
案件名引用简介
</noinclude>|-|colspan="3"|首席大法官约翰·格洛佛·罗伯茨（2005年9月29日）负责的案件 
|- Winter v. Natural Resources Defense Council  military preparedness outweighs environmental concerns, as Navy needs to train its crews to detect modern, silent submarines Altria Group, Inc. v. Good  federal law does not preempt the states' prerogative to regulate the advertisement of tar and nicotine rates in cigarettes Herring v. United States  evidence obtained during a search the police conducted as a result of an isolated act of negligence not related to the search is not subject to the exclusionary rule Oregon v. Ice  the facts necessary for imposing consecutive prison terms need not be submitted to a jury in accordance with Apprendi v. New Jersey Waddington v. Sarausad  on federal habeas review, courts must accept state court determinations that jury instructions fully and correctly set out state law with regard to accomplice liability Pearson v. Callahan  Saucier v. Katz is overruled; courts need not determine whether a civil-rights plaintiff's constitutional rights were violated if they determine that the right was not clearly established at the time of the injury Fitzgerald v. Barnstable School Committee  The petitioner parents had the right to sue a school committee under  for failing to stop the sexual harassment their daughter endured. This decision reversed the Second Circuit's holding that Title IX provided the sole remedy the parents could seek. Crawford v. Nashville  Employees who cooperate with an internal investigation of alleged sexual harassment are protected against retaliation under Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. Van de Kamp v. Goldstein  Prosecutors are immune from suit under  for improperly supervising the disclosures made by line prosecutors pursuant to Brady v. Maryland. United States v. Hayes  Under , people who have been convicted of misdemeanor domestic violence crimes may not possess firearms as long as the government proves that the underlying offense involved a domestic relationship. Pleasant Grove City v. Summum  A municipality that allows a privately donated Ten Commandments monument to be displayed on public property need not permit the religion of Summum to put up its own statue of similar size. Negusie v. Holder  Under Chevron v. Natural Resources Defense Council, the Board of Immigration Appeals (rather than a federal court) has the power to decide whether the so-called "persecutor bar" applies to asylum applicants applies to those who were forced to persecute others in their home country. Wyeth v. Levine  Federal drug labeling requirements do not preempt state drug labeling requirements enacted to ensure that the public knew certain drugs are safe. Harbison v. Bell  Under , the federal government must provide lawyers to death row inmates seeking clemency in state proceedings. Entergy v. Riverkeeper  The Clean Water Act does not prevent the EPA from engaging in a cost-benefit analysis when setting standards for power plants that use large quantities of water for cooling. 14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett  An employer and a union can agree, through a collective bargaining agreement, that the unionized employees must resolve discrimination claims in arbitration instead of court. Arizona v. Gant  Police power to search an arrested person's vehicle is limited to safety concerns and evidence related to the actual arrest. FCC v. Fox Television Stations  The FCC may ban "fleeting expletives" on television broadcasts. Cone v. Bell  The petitioner death row inmate had not forfeited the opportunity to argue that prosecutors withheld evidence important to his defense. Dean v. United States  Upheld sentence for discharging a firearm during a violent crime, Congress intended a defendant to be held strictly liable for such an offense. Flores-Figueroa v. United States  Whether the law enhancing the sentence for identity theft requires proof that an individual knew that the identity card or number he had used belonged to another, actual person Ashcroft v. Iqbal  Whether top government officials can be held personally liable for allegedly knowing or condoning of racial and religious mistreatment of suspected terrorists AT&T Corp. v. Hulteen  The Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 is not retroactive, so maternity leave taken before it passed cannot be considered in calculating employee pension benefits. Caperton v. A. T. Massey Coal Co.  Due process requirements for judges' recusal United States ex rel. Eisenstein v. City of New York  Where the Government has not intervened or actively participated, private plaintiffs under the False Claims Act must file an appeal within 30 days of the judgment or order being appealed, according to the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure. District Attorney's Office v. Osborne  Found no due process, postconviction right to access to the state's evidence for DNA testing. Northwest Austin Municipal Utility District No. 1 v. Holder  §5 of the Voting Rights Act stands, but districts should be better able to "bail out" of it per §4(a) Melendez-Diaz v. Massachusetts  Under the Confrontation Clause of the Sixth Amendment, the prosecution (if it plans to present a lab report as evidence in a criminal trial) must make the analyst who prepared it available for on-demand cross-examination by defense counsel. Safford Unified School District v. Redding  Strip search of a middle schooler violated the Fourth Amendment where the school lacked reasons to suspect either that the drugs presented a danger or that they were concealed in her underwear. Ricci v. DeStefano  White firefighters in New Haven suffered unfair discrimination because of their race when the city scrapped the results of a promotional exam.
2009年庭期案件
案件名引用简介
</noinclude>|-|colspan="3"|首席大法官约翰·格洛佛·罗伯茨（2005年9月29日）负责的案件 
|- Citizens United v. FEC  whether federal campaign finance laws apply to a critical film about Senator Hillary Clinton intended to be shown in theaters and on-demand to cable subscribers Padilla v. Kentucky  must a criminal defendant's lawyer advise him of the immigration-related consequences of a criminal conviction? Salazar v. Buono  First Amendment restrictions on displaying a cross on public property Reed Elsevier, Inc. v. Muchnick  settlement of copyright infringement claims relating to an electronic database Graham v. Florida  whether Roper v. Simmons should also apply to sentences of life without the possibility of parole Ontario v. Quon  Privacy rights of public employees over text messages on employer-issued pagers. McDonald v. Chicago  whether the Second Amendment should also apply against state and local governments
2010年庭期案件
案件名引用简介
</noinclude>|-|colspan="3"|首席大法官约翰·格洛佛·罗伯茨（2005年9月29日）负责的案件 
|- Abbott v. United States  Mandatory minimum sentences under federal sentencing law Los Angeles County v. Humphries  Section 1983 actions are limited to those caused by a municipality's "policy or custom" regardless of whether the plaintiff seeks monetary or prospective relief. Premo, Superintendent, Oregon State Penitentiary v. Moore Habeas relief may not be granted with respect to any claim a state-court has found on the merits unless the state-court decision denying relief involves an "unreasonable application" of "clearly established federal law, as determined by" the Court. Swarthout v. Cooke  State prisoners have no constitutional right to parole. Snyder v. Phelps  The First Amendment protects from tort liability a person who speaks about a public issue on a public sidewalk, even if that speech is "outrageous." Brown v. Plata  A three-judge panel of the District Court properly ordered the California prison system to release prisoners to resolve overcrowding. Connick v. Thompson  A prosecutor's office cannot be held liable for a single Brady violation by one of its members on the theory that the office provided inadequate training. Williamson v. Mazda  A car accident victim can sue the manufacturer for failing to install a shoulder/lap seatbelt even where federal law permits it to install only a lap belt. Arizona Christian School Tuition Org. v. Winn  Taxpayers lack standing to challenge a tax credit program that provides dollar-for-dollar incentives to donations to school tuition groups, including those awarding tuition scholarships only to religious schools. Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting  An Arizona law that sanctions employers who hire illegal immigrants is not preempted by federal immigration law.J.D.B. v. North Carolina Age is relevant in Miranda cases. Bullcoming v. New Mexico  A defendant's Confrontation Clause rights cover a non-testifying laboratory analyst whose supervisor testifies as to test results that the analyst transcribed from a machine. Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Association  The Constitution prevents the state of California from banning the sale of violent video games to minors.

2011年庭期案件
2012年庭期案件
2013年庭期案件
2014年庭期案件
2015年庭期案件
2016年庭期案件
2017年庭期案件
2018年庭期案件
2019年庭期案件
2020年庭期案件
2021年庭期案件
2022年庭期案件
2023年庭期案件
2024年庭期案件
2025年庭期案件

进行中的案件

案件名Docket no.Cert. granted on庭辩简介 Lafler v. Cooper
Missouri v. Frye  1/7/11 TBD Whether a criminal defendant has a claim for ineffective assistance of counsel where his lawyer either deficiently advises him to reject a favorable plea (Lafler) or erroneously fails to communicate a plea offer to him (Frye).外部链接
Supreme Court's website  - contains recent decisions, oral argument transcripts, and argument schedule

Category:美国最高法院案例列表