畢克斯·拜德貝克

畢克斯·拜德貝克（，），又譯畢德貝克、貝德貝克，全名里昂·俾斯麥·拜德貝克（Leon Bismark Beiderbecke），美國爵士短號手、爵士鋼琴家和作曲家。

他和路易斯·阿姆斯壯是1920年代樂壇上，數一數二、最具影響力的爵士獨奏家。他的作品中，尤以〈Singin' the Blues〉（1927年）和〈I'm Coming, Virginia〉（1927年）最為眾所讚嘆，淋漓盡致地展現了他異常純粹的音色和即興天分。也由於這二首樂曲，他協助創立了爵士謠曲風格，進而促成1950年代冷爵士樂的興起。他為數極少的鋼琴樂曲作品中，唯一留下錄音記錄的〈In a Mist〉（1927年）則開創性的融合古典元素與爵士切分音風格。拜德貝克啟發了眾多爵士後輩，如平·克勞斯貝，也經由法蘭克·楚鮑爾間接影響了萊斯特·楊。威廉斯（Martin T. Williams）承認：「楊自己將音樂成就大部分歸功於楚鮑爾…但我懷疑，一個四處以次中音薩克斯風演奏〈吟唱藍調〉（Singin' the Blues）的男人，能沒有任何一點畢克斯的影子。」（第69頁）

 註釋 

 參考文獻 
 Alexander, Scott with Dennis Pereyra. "Jean Goldkette and his Orchestra". The Red Hot Jazz Archive: A History of Jazz Before 1930. Retrieved September 19, 2010.
 Alexander, Scott with Dennis Pereyra. "Paul Whiteman and his Orchestra". The Red Hot Jazz Archive: A History of Jazz Before 1930. Retrieved September 19, 2010.
 Armstrong, Louis. Satchmo: My Life in New Orleans. New York: Da Capo, 1954, 1986. ISBN 0-306-80276-7.
 Baker, Dorothy. Young Man with a Horn. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1938.
 Berton, Ralph. Remembering Bix: A Memoir of the Jazz Age. New York: Da Capo, 1974, 2000. ISBN 0-306-80937-0.
 "Big Band and Jazz Hall of Fame" . NNDB . Retrieved September 19, 2010.
 "Bix" . Festival de Cannes . Retrieved September 19, 2010.
 The Bixography Discussion Group . Albert Haim, owner and moderator. Retrieved September 19, 2010.
 Blumenthal, Bob. "The Birth of Modern Jazz." In Jazz: The First Century. John Edward Hasse, ed. New York: William Morrow, 2000. Pp. 87–111. ISBN 0-688-18074-9.
 Brooks, Michael. "The Flourishing of Jazz." In Jazz: The First Century. John Edward Hasse, ed. New York: William Morrow, 2000. Pp. 25–51. ISBN 0-688-18074-9.
 Brothers, Thomas. Louis Armstrong's New Orleans. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2006. ISBN 0-393-33001-X.
 Carmichael, Hoagy. The Stardust Road & Sometimes I Wonder: The Autobiography of Hoagy Carmichael. New York: Da Capo, 1946, 1965, 1999. ISBN 0-306-80899-4.
 Condon, Eddie, with Thomas Sugrue. We Called It Music: A Generation of Jazz. New York: Da Capo, 1947, 1992. ISBN 0-306-80466-2.
 Dodds, Baby. The Baby Dodds Story, as Told to Larry Gara. Alma, Miss.: Rebeats Publications, 1959, 2003. ISBN 1-888408-08-1.
 DownBeat Critics (August 31, 1962). "1962 DownBeat Critics Poll" . DownBeat . Retrieved September 19, 2010.
 Evans, Philip R. and Linda K. Evans. Bix: The Leon Bix Beiderbecke Story. Bakersfield, Calif.: Prelike Press, 1998. ISBN 0-9665448-0-3.
 Fairweather, Digby. "Bix Beiderbecke." In The Oxford Companion to Jazz. Bill Kirchner, ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. pp. 122–131. ISBN 0-19-512510-X.
 Feather, Leonard, and Ira Gitler, eds. The Biographical Encyclopedia of Jazz. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. ISBN 978-0-19-507418-5.
 Ferguson, Otis. "Young Man with a Horn" (1936) and "Young Man with a Horn Again" (1940) in The Otis Ferguson Reader (Dorothy Wilson and Robert Chamberlain, eds.). New York: Da Capo, 1982, 1997. ISBN 0-306-80744-0.
 Gioia, Ted. The Birth (And Death) of the Cool. Golden, Colo.: Speck Press, 2009. ISBN 1-933108-31-2.
 Gioia, Ted. The History of Jazz. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. ISBN 0-19-512653-X.
 "Grammy Hall of Fame Award: Past Recipients". Grammy.com. Retrieved September 19, 2010.
 Gray, Frank (April 30, 2005). "Solo in Sunnyside: Frank Gray travels through Queens, New York, in search of the late Bix Beiderbecke" . The Guardian . Retrieved September 19, 2010.
 Green, Benny. The Reluctant Art: Five Studies in the Growth of Jazz. New York: Da Capo, 1962, 1991. ISBN 0-306-80441-7.
 Hadlock, Richard. Jazz Masters of the Twenties. New York: Collier Books, 1965, 1974.
 Haim, Albert (January 7, 2001). "The Available Documentation" . The Bixography Discussion Group . Retrieved September 19, 2010.
 "International Academy of Jazz Hall of Fame" . Jazz at Pitt . Retrieved September 19, 2010.
 "Iowa: Scott County" . National Register of Historic Places . Retrieved September 19, 2010.
 Jacobsen, Bob. "Bix Beiderbecke". Starr Gennett Foundation Inc.. Retrieved September 19, 2010.
 James, Burnett. Bix Beiderbecke. London: Cassell, 1959.
 "Jazz at Lincoln Center's Nesuhi Ertegun Jazz Hall of Fame" . Jazz at Lincoln Center . Retrieved September 19, 2010.
 Johnson, Rich and Jim Arpy and Gerri Bowers. Bix: The Davenport Album. Barnegat, N.J.: Razor Edge, 2009. ISBN 0-9774018-5-5.
 Kennedy, Richard Lee. Jelly Roll, Bix, and Hoagy: Gennett Studios and the Birth of Recorded Jazz. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999. ISBN 0-253-21315-0.
 Kenney, William Howland. Jazz on the River. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005. ISBN 0-226-43733-7.
 Lion, Jean Pierre. Bix: The Definitive Biography of a Jazz Legend. New York: Continuum, 2005. ISBN 0-8264-2754-5.
 Mezzrow, Mezz and Bernard Wolfe. Really the Blues. New York: Citadel, 1946, 1998. ISBN 0-8065-1205-9.
 Perhonis, John Paul. The Bix Beiderbecke Story: The Jazz Musician in Legend, Fiction, and Fact; A Study of the Images of Jazz in the National Culture 1930–the Present. Unpublished dissertation, University of Minnesota, March 1978.
 Rayno, Don. Paul Whiteman: Pioneer in American Music, 1890–1930; Vol. I. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2003. ISBN 0-8108-4579-2.
 Shapiro, Nat and Nat Hentoff, eds. Hear Me Talkin' to Ya: The Story of Jazz as Told by the Men Who Made It. New York: Dover, 1966. ISBN 0-486-21726-4.
 Spencer, Frederick J., M.D. Jazz and Death: Medical Profiles of Jazz Greats. Oxford, Miss.: University Press of Mississippi, 2002. ISBN 1-57806-453-8.
 Sudhalter, Richard M. Lost Chords: White Musicians and Their Contribution to Jazz, 1915–1945. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. ISBN 0-19-514838-X.
 Sudhalter, Richard M. Stardust Melody: The Life and Music of Hoagy Carmichael. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. ISBN 0-19-516898-4.
 Sudhalter, Richard M. and Philip R. Evans with William Dean-Myatt. Bix: Man and Legend. New Rochelle, N.Y.: Arlington House, 1974. ISBN 0-02-872500-X.
 "Sudhalter, Richard M. (Merrill)" . Jazz.com Encyclopedia of Jazz Musicians . Lewis Porter, Tim Wilkins, and Ted Gioia, eds. Retrieved September 19, 2010.
 Teachout, Terry. "Homage to Bix," Commentary, September 2005, pp. 65–68.
 Teachout, Terry. Pops: A Life of Louis Armstrong. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2009. ISBN 0-15-101089-7.
 Turner, Frederick. 1929. New York: Counterpoint, 2003. ISBN 1-58243-265-1.
 Wald, Elijah. How the Beatles Destroyed Rock 'n' Roll: An Alternative History of American Popular Music. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009. ISBN 0-19-534154-6.
 Ward, Geoffrey C. Jazz: A History of America's Music. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000. ISBN 0-679-44551-X.
 Williams, Martin. The Jazz Tradition. New York: Oxford University Press, 1970, 1993. ISBN 0-19-507816-0.

 外部連結 
 畢克斯·拜德貝克資源：畢克斯傳記
 畢克斯·拜德貝克資源：一個富創作力的聽覺歷史論題 – 1971年長一個半小時的電台節目的19個系列錄音。包括法蘭克·楚鮑爾、路易斯·阿姆斯壯、金·克魯帕、艾迪·康登、平·克勞斯貝、赫奇·卡爾麥基及拜德貝克的長兄查爾斯·拜德貝克（暱稱伯尼）等的訪談
 〈達文波特藍調〉（Davenport Blues） – 拜德貝克首度以個人名義錄音的mp3檔
 「畢克斯傳記」（摘記） ，布倫丹·沃爾夫（Brendan Wolfe），Jazz.com 
 《十二段不可錯過的畢克斯·拜德貝克演出紀錄》 ，布倫丹·沃爾夫，Jazz.com 
 The Beiderbecke Affair：布倫丹·沃爾夫所經營、關於拜德貝克的部落格

Category:達文波特人
B
Category:酒精相關死因
B
Category:美國爵士短號手
Category:美國爵士鋼琴家
Category:美國爵士小號手
Category:迪克西蘭短號手
Category:迪克西蘭鋼琴家
Category:迪克西蘭小號手
Category:湖林學院校友
Category:愛荷華州音樂家
Category:搖擺樂短號手
Category:搖擺樂鋼琴家
Category:搖擺樂小號手
B