马达加斯加猪笼草

马达加斯加猪笼草（学名：）是马达加斯加东部海岸特有的热带食虫植物。其种加词“madagascariensis”意为“马达加斯加的”。其为马达加斯加特有的两种猪笼草之一，另一种为马索亚拉半岛猪笼草。

其种加词“madagascariensis”意为“马达加斯加的”。

 植物学史 
马达加斯加猪笼草是人类发现的第一种猪笼草属植物；艾蒂安·德弗拉古于1658年发现，并将其命名为“Amramatico”。在他发表的开创性著作《马达加斯加岛的历史》中对马达加斯加猪笼草进行了描述。他这样写道：de Flacourt, É. 1658. Histoire de la Grande Isle de Madagascar.


 生态关系 
马达加斯加猪笼草存在于马达加斯加的东部海岸，北至马索亚拉半岛。常见于南部陶拉納魯附近的岛屿上。马达加斯加猪笼草通常生长于沼泽边缘及低地泥炭或砂质土壤中。 Listed as Vulnerable (VU D2 v2.3).

在马达加斯加猪笼草的捕虫笼内至少存在着2种底内动物，分别为球腹蛛及Synema obscuripes。Rembold, K., E. Fischer, B.F. Striffler & W. Barthlott 2012. Crab spider association with the Malagasy pitcher plant Nepenthes madagascariensis. African Journal of Ecology 51(1): 188–191. 

 种下类群 
 N. madagascariensis var. macrocarpa Scott Elliot (1891)
 N. madagascariensis var. cylindrica Dub. (1906)

 注释 

 参考文献 

 Bauer, U., C.J. Clemente, T. Renner & W. Federle 2012. Form follows function: morphological diversification and alternative trapping strategies in carnivorous Nepenthes pitcher plants. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 25(1): 90–102. 
  Blume, C.L. 1852. Ord. Nepenthaceae.  In: Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavum, sive stirpium exoticarum novarum vel minus cognitarum ex vivis aut siccis brevis expositio. Tom. II. Nr. 1. E.J. Brill, Lugduni-Batavorum. pp. 5–10.
 Bonhomme, V., H. Pelloux-Prayer, E. Jousselin, Y. Forterre, J.-J. Labat & L. Gaume 2011. Slippery or sticky? Functional diversity in the trapping strategy of Nepenthes carnivorous plants. New Phytologist 191(2): 545–554. 
 Masters, M.T. 1881. Nepenthes madagascariensis, Hort. Veitch (?) ; Poiret.  The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 16(413): 685.
 Fashing, N.J. 2010.  In: M.W. Sabelis & J. Bruin (eds.) Trends in Acarology: Proceedings of the 12th International Congress . Springer Science, Dordrecht. pp. 81–84. 
 Grjebine, A. 1979.  Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 15(1): 53–74.
 James, G. 1988.  Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 17(4): 102–103.
 Kitching, R.L. 2000. Food Webs and Container Habitats: The natural history and ecology of phytotelmata . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
 Korthals, P.W. 1839. Over het geslacht Nepenthes. In: C.J. Temminck 1839–1842. Verhandelingen over de Natuurlijke Geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen; Kruidkunde. Leiden. pp. 1–44, t. 1–4, 13–15, 20–22.
 Lecoufle, M. 1990. Nepenthes madagascariensis. In: Carnivorous Plants: Care and Cultivation. Blandford, London. pp. 134–135.
 McPherson, S. 2010. An expedition to Madagascar. Planta Carnivora 32(1): 6–13.
 Meimberg, H., P. Dittrich, G. Bringmann, J. Schlauer & G. Heubl 2000. Molecular phylogeny of Caryophyllidae s.l. based on matK sequences with special emphasis on carnivorous taxa. Plant Biology 2(2): 218–228. 
 Meimberg, H., A. Wistuba, P. Dittrich & G. Heubl 2001. Molecular phylogeny of Nepenthaceae based on cladistic analysis of plastid trnK intron sequence data. Plant Biology 3(2): 164–175. 
  Meimberg, H. 2002.  Ph.D. thesis, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich.
 Meimberg, H. & G. Heubl 2006. Introduction of a nuclear marker for phylogenetic analysis of Nepenthaceae. Plant Biology 8(6): 831–840. 
 Meimberg, H., S. Thalhammer, A. Brachmann & G. Heubl 2006. Comparative analysis of a translocated copy of the trnK intron in carnivorous family Nepenthaceae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 39(2): 478–490. 
 Ratsirarson, J. & J.A. Silander 1996. Structure and dynamics in Nepenthes madagascariensis pitcher plant micro-communities. Biotropica 28(2): 218–227. 
 Rembold, K. 2006. Zur Ökologie der karnivoren Nepenthes madagascariensis. Diplom thesis, University of Bonn, Bonn.
 Rembold, K., E. Fischer, M.A. Wetzel & W. Barthlott 2010. Prey composition of the pitcher plant Nepenthes madagascariensis. Journal of Tropical Ecology 26(4): 365–372. 
 Schlosser, E. 2005. Notes on some little known carnivorous plants from Madagascar. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 34(4): 100–105.
 Schmid-Hollinger, R. 1982. Nepenthaceæ . In: B. Jonsell, M. Keraudren-Aymonin & R. Schmid-Höllinger. Flore de Madagascar et des Comores: Famille 84 — Crucifères / Famille 85 — Moringacées / Famille 86 — Népenthacées / Famille 87 — Droséracées. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. pp. 41–51. ISBN 2856541631.
  Schmid-Hollinger, R. N.d. Nepenthes madagascariensis . bio-schmidhol.ch. 
  Schmid-Hollinger, R. N.d. Nepenthaceae: Axile oder parietale Placentation?  bio-schmidhol.ch. 
  Schmid-Hollinger, R. N.d. Kannendeckel (lid) . bio-schmidhol.ch. 
  Veleba, V. 2003. Nepenthes trošku jinak . Trifid 2003(4): 38.

 扩展阅读 

 ARKive中马达加斯加猪笼草的照片和视频
 食虫植物照片搜寻引擎中马达加斯加猪笼草的照片 

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