滴液猪笼草

{{Speciesbox
|image = Nepenthes distillatoria 2.jpg
|image_caption = 产自斯里兰卡辛哈拉加森林保护区的滴液猪笼草的上位笼
|status = VU
|status_system = iucn2.3
|status_ref=
|taxon= Nepenthes distillatoria
|authority = L., 1753
|range_map = Nepenthes distillatoria distribution.png
|range_map_caption = 滴液猪笼草的分布地
|synonyms =  

{{collapsible list|title=|
"Badura. Planta Zeylanica in foliorum extremo folliculum peniformem expansum habens."Herm. (1726) Hermann, H. 1726. Badura. In: Musaeum Zeylanicum, sive catalogus plantarum, in Zeylana Sponte Nascentium, observatarum & descriptarum. D. vander Vecht, Lugduni Batavorum. p. 16.
"Bandura. Planta Zeylanica, cujus foliorum extremus folliculus peniformis expendet."Herm. (1726) Hermann, H. 1726. Bandura. In: Musaeum Zeylanicum, sive catalogus plantarum, in Zeylana Sponte Nascentium, observatarum & descriptarum. D. vander Vecht, Lugduni Batavorum. p. 37.
"Bandura cingalensium"Ray (1686)Ray, J. 1686. Bandura cingalensium etc. Historia Plantarum 1: 721–722.
"Bandura Zeylanica"Burm. (1737)Burmann, J. 1737. Thesaurus Zeylanicus. Amsterdam.
"Bandura zingalensium"Breyne (1680)Breyne, J. 1680. Bandura zingalensium etc. Prodromus Fasciculi Rariorum Plantarum 1: 18.
Miranda herba"Bartholinus (1677)Bartholinus, T. 1677. Miranda herba. Acta Medica et Philosophica Hafniensa 3: 38.
"Nepenthes Zeylanicum flore minore"Breyne (1689)
"Planta mirabilis destillatoria"H.N.Grimm (1683)Grimm, H.N. 1683. Planta mirabilis destillatoria. In: Miscellanea curiosa sive Ephemeridum. Med. Phys. Germ. Acad. Nat. Cur. Decuriae 2, ann. prim. p. 363, f. 27.
"Utricaria vegetabilis Zeylanensium, Bandura Cingalibus dicta"Pluk. (1696)
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滴液猪笼草（学名：）是斯里兰卡特有的的热带食虫植物。其为第二个被描述的猪笼草属物种，并且是首个正式命名于林奈分类法下的猪笼草属物种。其还为猪笼草属的模式种。其种加词“distillatoria”来源于拉丁文“destillo”和形容词词尾“-oria”，意为“提取的、蒸馏的”。

 植物学史 
滴液猪笼草是自马达加斯加猪笼草之后第二个被描述的猪笼草属物种。1677年，丹麦医生托马斯·巴托林简要的描述了它，并将其命名为“Miranda herba”，意为“奇妙的药草”。三年后，荷兰商人雅各布·布雷纳依当地俗名将其命名为“Bandura zingalensium”。随后“Bandura”便成为了之后指代猪笼草最常用的名字，直至1737年，卡尔·林奈建立了猪笼草属。 Phillipps, A. & A. Lamb 1996. Pitcher-Plants of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.


1683年，瑞典医生及博物学家赫尔曼·尼克拉斯·格里姆再次描述了滴液猪笼草。他将其称为“奇异的滴液植物”。这是第一次有人清楚的描述了猪笼草。三年后，即1686年，英国博物学家约翰·雷援引格林的话说：

1753年，卡尔·林奈使用H·N·格林原种加词命名了滴液猪笼草。

1737年，约翰内斯·布尔曼再次在其著作《Thesaurus Zeylanicus》中对滴液猪笼草进行了描述。文中包括一幅带捕虫笼和花序枝条的插图。布尔曼将滴液猪笼草命名为“Bandura zeylanica”。

19世纪后期的园艺贸易中，滴液猪笼草也常与印度猪笼草混淆。Masters, M.T. 1872. The cultivated species of Nepenthes.  The Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette 1872(16): 540–542.Masters, M.T. 1881. New garden plants. Nepenthes Mastersiana×, Hort. Veitch.  The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 16(415): 748–749.Masters, M.T. 1882. New garden plants. Nepenthes rubro-maculata×, Hort. Veitch.  The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 17(423): 143.Dixon, W.E. 1889. Nepenthes.  The Gardeners' Chronicle, series 3, 6(144): 354.

 生态关系 
滴液猪笼草是斯里兰卡特有的物种，也是唯一分布于该岛的猪笼草属物种。其生长于河堤或森林里浸水的开阔灌木丛中。滴液猪笼草存在于海拔0至700米处。 Listed as Vulnerable (VU B1+2d v2.3).

由于地理隔离，尚未发现滴液猪笼草的自然杂交种。

 种下类群 
已有三个滴液猪笼草种下类群的描述，但其名称都不是有效的：Nepenthes distillatoria var. rubra (Nichols.) Hort.Veitch ex Lindsay (1891) Nepenthes distillatoria var. speciosa Hort.Van Houtte ex Rafarin (1869)Nepenthes distillatoria var. vera D.Moore (1872)Moore, D. 1872. On the culture of Nepenthes at Glasnevin.  The Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette 1872(11): 359–360.

 注释 

 参考文献 

 [Anonymous] 1849. Societies. Botanical of Edinburgh, July 12.  The Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette 1849(30): 470–471.
 [Anonymous] 1881. Messrs. Veitch's Nepenthes-house.  The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 16(410): 598–599.
 Amaratunga, K.L.D. 1980. Nepenthaceae. In: M.D. Dassanayake & F.R. Fosberg (eds.) A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon, Volume 6. Taylor & Francis, London. pp. 241–244.
  Arcangeli, G. 1893. Sopra l'infiorescenza di una pianta di Nepenthes . Nuovo Giornale Botanico Italiano 25: 511–512.
 Athauda, S.B.P., H. Inoue, A. Iwamatsu & K. Takahashi 1998. Acid Proteinase from Nepenthes distillatoria (Badura) . In: M.N.G. James (ed.) Aspartic Proteinases: Retroviral and Cellular Enzymes. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, Volume 436. Plenum Press, New York. pp. 453–458.
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 Hooker, J.D. 1859. XXXV. On the origin and development of the pitchers of Nepenthes, with an account of some new Bornean plants of that genus . The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 22(4): 415–424. 
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 Koswatte, I., S. Rajapakse, P. Samaraweera & S.B.P. Athauda 2008. Occurrence of lipase activity in the pitcher juice of Nepenthes distillatoria (bandura). In: H. Goonatilake (ed.)  Sri Lanka Association for the Advancement of Science, Colombo. p. 103.
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 Takahashi, K., S.B.P. Athauda, K. Matsumoto, S. Rajapakshe, M. Kuribayashi, M. Kojima, N. Kubomura-Yoshida, A. Iwamatsu, C. Shibata & H. Inoue 2005. Nepenthesin, a unique member of a novel subfamily of aspartic proteinases: enzymatic and structural characteristics. Current Protein and Peptide Science 6(6): 513–525. 
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 扩展阅读 

 食虫植物照片搜寻引擎中滴液猪笼草的照片 

Nepenthes distillatoria
distillatoria
Category:斯里蘭卡植物