线形文字B

线形文字B是希腊迈锡尼文明时期的一种音节文字。线形文字B出现于青铜时代晚期，早于希腊字母（约公元前15世纪）数个世纪，随着迈锡尼文明的衰落而消逝。写有线形文字B的泥板大部分发现于克诺索斯、、皮洛斯、底比斯、迈锡尼等地。后继的希腊黑暗时代，目前尚未发现线形文字B的实物。

1952年，迈克尔·文特里斯成功释读线形文字B。线形文字B主要在克里特岛和希腊本土南部地区使用，时间大约为西元前1500年-西元前1200年。 线形文字B似乎与更早的线形文字A有某种联系。

 文字 
 音節符號 
 已经释读的文字符号(元音、辅音+元音)-a-e-i-o-u  File:Linear B Syllable B008 A.svga
08  File:Linear B Syllable B038 E.svge
38  File:Linear B Syllable B028 I.svgi
28  File:Linear B Syllable B061 O.svgo
61  File:Linear B Syllable B010 U.svgu
10d-  File:Linear B Syllable B001 DA.svgda
01  File:Linear B Syllable B045 DE.svgde
45  File:Linear B Syllable B007 DI.svgdi
07  File:Linear B Syllable B014 DO.svgdo
14  File:Linear B Syllable B051 DU.svgdu
51j-  File:Linear B Syllable B057 JA.svgja
57  File:Linear B Syllable B046 JE.svgje
46  File:Linear B Syllable B036 JO.svgjo
36k-  File:Linear B Syllable B077 KA.svgka
77  File:Linear B Syllable B044 KE.svgke
44  File:Linear B Syllable B067 KI.svgki
67  File:Linear B Syllable B070 KO.svgko
70  File:Linear B Syllable B081 KU.svgku
81m-  File:Linear B Syllable B080 MA.svgma
80  File:Linear B Syllable B013 ME.svgme
13  File:Linear B Syllable B073 MI.svgmi
73  File:Linear B Syllable B015 MO.svgmo
15  File:Linear B Syllable B023 MU.svgmu
23n-  File:Linear B Syllable B006 NA.svgna
06  File:Linear B Syllable B024 NE.svgne
24  File:Linear B Syllable B030 NI.svgni
30  File:Linear B Syllable B052 NO.svgno
52  File:Linear B Syllable B055 NU.svgnu
55p-  File:Linear B Syllable B003 PA.svgpa
03  File:Linear B Syllable B072 PE.svgpe
72  File:Linear B Syllable B039 PI.svgpi
39  File:Linear B Syllable B011 PO.svgpo
11  File:Linear B Syllable B050 PU.svgpu
50q-  File:Linear B Syllable B016 QA.svgqa
16  File:Linear B Syllable B078 QE.svgqe
78  File:Linear B Syllable B021 QI.svgqi
21  File:Linear B Syllable B032 QO.svgqo
32r-  File:Linear B Syllable B060 RA.svgra
60  File:Linear B Syllable B028 RE.svgre
27  File:Linear B Syllable B053 RI.svgri
53  File:Linear B Syllable B002 RO.svgro
02  File:Linear B Syllable B026 RU.svgru
26s-  File:Linear B Syllable B031 SA.svgsa
31  File:Linear B Syllable B009 SE.svgse
09  File:Linear B Syllable B041 SI.svgsi
41  File:Linear B Syllable B012 SO.svgso
12  File:Linear B Syllable B058 SU.svgsu
58t-  File:Linear B Syllable B059 TA.svgta
59  File:Linear B Syllable B004 TE.svgte
04  File:Linear B Syllable B037 TI.svgti
37  File:Linear B Syllable B005 TO.svgto
05  File:Linear B Syllable B069 TU.svgtu
69w-  File:Linear B Syllable B054 WA.svgwa
54  File:Linear B Syllable B075 WE.svgwe
75  File:Linear B Syllable B040 WI.svgwi
40  File:Linear B Syllable B042 WO.svgwo
42z-  File:Linear B Syllable B017 ZA.svgza
17  File:Linear B Syllable B074 ZE.svgze
74  File:Linear B Syllable B020 ZO.svgzo
20

 特殊和未知符號 
 特殊音值 字符  File:Linear B Syllable B025 A2.svg  File:Linear B Syllable B043 A3.svg  File:Linear B Syllable B085 AU.svg  File:Linear B Syllable B071 DWE.svg  File:Linear B Syllable B090 DWO.svg  File:Linear B Syllable B048 NWA.svg  File:Linear B Syllable B062 PTE.svg  File:Linear B Syllable B029 PU2.svg  File:Linear B Syllable B076 RA2.svg  File:Linear B Syllable B033 RA3.svg  File:Linear B Syllable B068 RO2.svg  File:Linear B Syllable B066 TA2.svg  File:Linear B Syllable B087 TWE.svg  File:Linear B Syllable B091 TWO.svg轉寫 a2 (ha) a3 (ai) au dwe dwo nwa pte pu2 (phu) ra2 (rya) ra3 (rai) ro2 (ryo) ta2 (tya) twe two Bennett編碼 *25 *43 *85 *71 *90 *48 *62 *29 *76 *33 *68 *66 *87 *91

 未轉寫和未確定的音值 字符  File:Linear B Symbol B018.svg  File:Linear B Symbol B019.svg  File:Linear B Symbol B022.svg  File:Linear B Symbol B034.svg  File:Linear B Symbol B047.svg  File:Linear B Symbol B049.svg  File:Linear B Symbol B056.svg  File:Linear B Symbol B063.svg  File:Linear B Symbol B064.svg  File:Linear B Syllable B065 JU.svg  File:Linear B Symbol B079.svg  File:Linear B Symbol B082.svg  File:Linear B Symbol B083.svg  File:Linear B Symbol B086.svg  File:Linear B Symbol B089.svg轉寫 *18 *19 *22 *34 *35 *47 *49 pa3? *63 swi? ju? zu? swa? *83 *86 *89 Bennett編碼 *18 *19 *22 *34 *35 *47 *49 *56 *63 *64 *65 *79 *82 *83 *86 *89

 表意符号 
+ 表意符號 字符 编码 贝内特编码 CIPEM 含義 人和動物File:Linear B Ideogram B100 Man.svg U+10080 100Ventris and Chadwick (1973) page 391: "100 MAN is now used for all forms of the ideogram, so that 101 and 103 are now suppressed." A- VIRvir 人File:Linear B Ideogram B102 Woman.svg U+10081 102 A- MULmulier 女人File:Linear B Ideogram B104 Deer.svg U+10082 104 Cn CERVcervus 鹿  U+10083 105 Ca S- EQUequus 马  U+10084 105 Ca EQUf 母马Ventris & Chadwick either edition do not follow the Wingspread Convention here but have 105a as a HE-ASS and 105c as a FOAL.   U+10085 105 Ca EQUm 公马  U+10025 106QI*21 OVISovis 羊  WE*75 we-ka-taBous ergatēs "Adjunct to ox" (1973)The 1956 edition has "Kind of sheep"  U+10086 106b C- D- 母羊f EWE  U+10087  106a C- D- 绵羊m RAM  U+10052 107RA*22 CAPcapra 山羊  U+10088 107b C- Mc CAPf 母山羊  U+10089 107a C- CAPm 公山羊  U+10042 108AU*85 C- SUSsūs 猪  U+1008A 108b C- SUSf母猪  U+1008B 108a C- SUSm 公猪  U+10018 109MU*23 C- BOSbōs 牛  U+1008C 109b C- BOSf 奶牛  U+1008D 109a C- BOSm 公牛 度量單位 110Zkotylai体积单位杯Chadwick (1976) page 105. 111Vkhoinikes 体积单位 112 T 干量 113 S 液量单位 114 重量*21重量*2重量 115 P 重量 116 N 重量 117 Mdimnaion"Double mina", Chadwick (1976) page 102. 重量 118 Ltalanton TALENT *72 G- Bunch? *74 S- 双 *15 S-  单个 *61 Deficit 按乾物測量  U+1008E 120 E- F- GRAgrānum 小麦   U+1008F 121 F- HORDhordeum 大麦   U+10090 122 F- U- OLIVolīva 橄榄   U+1001B NI*30 F FICUS 无花果   U+1000E *65 FARINA 面粉"某种谷物"Ventris & Chadwick (1973) page 392.   U+10091 123 G- Un AROMarōma 佐料 KO*70 G- 芫荽  U+1002D SA*31 G- 芝麻 KU*81 G- 孜然芹 SE*9 G-芹菜 MA*80 G- 茴香 124 G- PYC 莎草   U+10092 125 F- CYP 莎草? 126 F- CYP+KU莎草+ku   U+10093 127 Un KAPO 水果?   U+10094 128 G- KANAKO 红花 按液體測量 按重量 按重量或按單位 按單位計數 容器Ventris and Chadwick (1973) page 324 has a separate table.   U+100DF 200 sartāgo 蒸煮锅   U+100E0 201 TRItripūs 三足大锅   U+100E1 202 pōculum GOBLET?   U+100E2 203 urceus 酒罐?   U+100E3 204 Ta hirnea 大口水壶   U+100E4 205 K Tn hirnula 水壶   U+100E5 206 HYDhydria 提水罐   U+100E6 207 三足双耳瓶   U+100E7 208 PATpatera 碗   U+100E8 209 AMPHamphora 双耳瓶   U+100E9 210 STIRRIP JAR   U+100EA 211 水箱?   U+100EB 212 SITsitula 水罐?   U+100EC 213 LANXlanx 烹饪碗 家具   U+100C4 220 Ta scamnum 脚凳   U+100C5 225 ALValveus 武器   U+100C6 230 R HAShasta 矛   U+100C7 231 R SAGsagitta 箭   U+100C8 232 Ta *232 ?   U+100C9 233 Ra 短剑   U+100CA 234 GLAgladius 弓 車輛   U+100CC 240 Sc BIGbiga 轮式车   U+100CD 241 Sd Se CURcurrus 无轮车   U+100CE 242 Sf Sg CAPScapsus 轮式车车架   U+100CF 243 Sa So ROTArota 车轮

 线形文字B的Unicode编码 
Unicode4.0之后的为线形文字B提供了编码码位，其中音节符号码位为10000–1007F，表意符号码位为10080–100FF。

 參見 
 线形文字A
 塞浦路斯音節文字

 註釋 

 參考文獻 

 Carpenter, Rhys, (1957) "Linear B" , Phoenix, Vol. 11, No. 2 (Summer, 1957), pp. 47–62


  has the  clay tablet, circa 1500 BCE., examples of Linear B tablets, and translated, the basic Linear B syllabary, the Cypriot syllabary and discussions thereof, and short sections on Linear A, and the Phaistos Disk.



 , "Unlocking the Secrets of Ancient Writing: The Parallel Lives of Michael Ventris and Linda Schele and the Decipherment of Mycenaean and Mayan Writing" , University of Texas at Austin, Eleventh International Mycenological Colloquium, 2000.
   Chapter 6, Linear B, pp 108–119: discusses Arthur Evans, his work, the Cypriot clues, the syllabary, Alice Kober, the "Grid", and a sample tablet transliterated, and translated into English.
Robinson, Andrew The Man Who Deciphered Linear B: the story of Michael Ventris (2002)  Thames & Hudson  ISBN 0500510776 
  for a general outline of the Linear B deciphering story, from Schliemann to Chadwick.


 Ventris, Michael; Chadwick, John (1953) "Evidence for Greek Dialect in the Mycenaean Archives" , The Journal of Hellenic Studies, Vol. 73, (1953), pp. 84–103.

外部連結







Category:青銅時代文字
Category:古希臘
Category:音節文字
Category:已消亡的書寫系統
Category:1900年考古发现