悲 (佛教)

悲（梵文、）是佛教的主要教義及修行目標，英文通常翻譯為同情（Compassion）。為四梵住之一。

 佛教 

慈悲是所有佛教教派的共同理念，意思是同情心或同理心，當別人受苦時能夠同情的心。在上座部佛教而言，慈悲被認為是達致今世解脫及喜樂的法門。而在大乘佛教來說，慈悲更是普渡眾生以及修成菩提心的法門。

根据桑耶卡卓法师（Ven. Sangye Khandro）的著作《唤醒一颗善良的心》（Awakening a Kind Heart），悲心（karuṇā）可以描述为希望一切有情众生有离苦之因。然而，为了真正利益他人，我们需要以清明的智慧（般若）加以平衡，才能以客观、恰当的方式采取行动。https://static.sariputta.com/pdf/tipitaka/1035/awakeningc-aug2011convert.pdf Page 23-27 of the book 

上座部佛教
在上座部佛教中，慈悲是四無量心所（又稱梵住心所，）之一。四無量心所包括善（）、慈悲（）、隨喜（）和無分別心（），有時亦會譯為慈、悲、喜、捨。Gethin (1998), pp.186-187; and, Rhys Davids & Stede, op. cit. 根據巴利文經典，佛陀認為四無量心適合出家人或未出家的施主修行，For instance, in the Kālāmā Sutta (AN 3.65), the Buddha speaks of all Noble Disciples (ariya-savaka) developing the brahmaviharas  (Thanissaro, 1994). 並認為四無量心能照耀四方，去除三毒，Kālāmā Sutta (AN 3.65), trans.  Thanissaro (1994).   The "four directions" refer to east, south, west and north.今世淨心喜樂，下一世得往生天界。AN 3.65 (Thanissaro, 1994).   In regards to in which heavenly realm a frequent karuā dweller will be reborn, AN 4.125 (Thanissaro, 2006)  identifies it as the realm of radiant (abhassara) devas, whose lifespans last two eons.SN-A 128 (Rhys Davids & Stede, 1921–25, op. cit.); see also, BDEA & BuddhaNet (n.d.). 

 大乘佛教 
在大乘佛教（漢傳佛教與藏傳佛教）來說，慈悲被提昇到和般若（，有時譯智慧）同等的重要性，是通往菩薩道的途徑。Gethin (1999), p. 228.在大乘佛教的修行方法中，認為修行者首先要發大願（）普渡眾生，然後要破除我執（self-center），見性明心，而慈悲（同情心）是破除自我中心的條件。Stages of Meditation by H.H The Dalai Lama, Root Text by Kamalashila.  Snow Lion Publications. Page 42-43

在漢傳佛教，觀音有時亦稱為「大慈大悲觀世音菩薩」，是推動慈悲，為眾生救苦救難的菩薩。

藏傳佛教亦以慈悲為修行的首要條件，以大乘經典《入菩提行論》為入門法則。The Way of the Bodhisattva by Shantideva.  Shambhala Publications.  Page 122-123

 相關條目 
 菩提心
 菩薩
 四無量心所
 悲 (耆那教)

 附注 

 參考資料 
 Buddha Dharma Education Association & BuddhaNet (n.d.). Buddhist Studies for Secondary Students, Unit 6: The Four Immeasurables. Retrieved from "BuddhaNet" at http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/buddhism/bs-s15.htm .
 Gethin, Rupert (1998). The Foundations of Buddhism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
 Monier-Williams, Monier (1899, 1964). A Sanskrit-English Dictionary. London: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-864308-X. Retrieved 2008-05-09 from "Cologne University" at http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/index.php?sfx=pdf . 
 Rhys Davids, T.W. & William Stede (eds.) (1921-5). The Pali Text Society’s Pali–English Dictionary. Chipstead: Pali Text Society. Retrieved 2008-05-09 from "U. Chicago" at http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/pali/ . 
 Shah, Pravin K. (n.d.). Nine Tattvas (Principles). Retrieved from "Harvard U." at https://web.archive.org/web/20090605003634/http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~pluralsm/affiliates/jainism/jainedu/9tattva.htm.
 Thanissaro Bhikkhu (trans.) (1994). Kalama Sutta: To the Kalamas (AN 3.65). Retrieved 2008-05-10 from "Access to Insight" at https://web.archive.org/web/20111006181109/http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an03/an03.065.than.html. 
 Thanissaro Bhikkhu (trans.) (2006). Metta Sutta: Good Will (1) (AN 4.125). Retrieved 2008-05-10 from "Access to Insight" at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an04/an04.125.than.html .
Great Compassion Dharani Sutra 

 外部連結 
 Dharma Dictionary - RangjungYesheWiki - Snying Rje / Karuna 
 Caring For the Poorest children in Cambodia: Karuna Foundation - by Cathy and Phil Kiely
 The network of Karuna-Shechen foundations in Europe, North America and Asia is raising funds for Karuna-Shechen humanitarian projects in the Himalayan region. 
A View on Buddhism COMPASSION AND BODHICITTA

Category:佛教術語