海座星

海座星（edrioasteroids），又稱座海星，是一类已灭绝的棘皮动物，生存于寒武纪中期至二叠纪。海座星营固着滤食生活，无茎（Column），身体扁平，球形或圆柱形，从背部中央的口辐射出的五条沟是海座星的典型特徵，步帶沟里长有特殊的，用来输送食物到口中。


海座星在棘皮動物門中的具體分類地位尚無共識，有文獻將海座星綱歸入海膽亞門Fell, Howard and Sepkoski, John. "Echinozoa." Science, 2019-12"Echinoderms. " University of Kentucky,"Class Edrioasteroidea. " The TaxonomiconGuensberg, Thomas and Sprinkle, James. "Revised Phylogeny and Functional Interpretation of the Edrioasteroidea Based on New Taxa from the Early and Middle Ordovician of Western Utah." Chicago, Ill. : Field Museum of Natural, 1994.，也有資料將其歸入海百合亞門Edrioasteroidea  BioLib.cz，還有假說認為海座星綱是棘皮動物較早分化的幹群，不屬於任何亞門。Mooi, Rich. 2001-07, "Not All Written in Stone: Interdisciplinary Syntheses in Echinoderm Paleontology." Canadian Journal of Zoology, 79(7) 1209-1231Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560S. Zamora, I. A. Rahman, C. D. Sumrall, A. P. Gibson, and J. R. Thompson. 2022. Cambrian edrioasteroid reveals new mechanism for secondary reduction of the skeleton in echinoderms. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 289:20212733

屬及種
僅列出部分屬。

?Arkarua
?A. adami（可能為五輻對稱的三葉動物，而非棘皮動物）
（最古老的海座星，來自於中寒武紀的伯吉斯頁岩）
W. typicalus
Stromatocystites
S. pentangularis
S. reduncus
S. walcotti

K. chinensis
海座星屬 Edrioaster（模式屬）
E. bigsbyi
E. priscus
Edriophus 
E. levis
Paredriophus
P. elongatus
Totiglobus
T. nimius
T. lloydi

C. cannati
C. tastudorum
Edriodiscus 
E. primotica
Lebedodiscus
費氏海座星屬 Foerstediscus
F. grandi
F. splendens
Cystaster
C. stellatus
Cryptogoleus
C. chapmani
Bellochthus
Streptaster
S. vorticellatus
Cryptogoleus 
C. chapmani
Carneyella
C. pilea
C. faberi
C. ulrichi

I. cincinnatiensis
Isorophusella
海蒲團屬 Camptostroma
C. roddyi
Rectitriordo
Agelacrinites
Krama
K. devonicum (Bassler), 1936
Parakrama
Hemicystites
H. bohemica
H. chapmani
H. devonicus
Neoisorophusella
N. lanei
N. berryi
N. maslennikovi
N. whitesidei
Curvitriordo
Thresherodiscus 
T. ramosa (Foerste, 1914)
Postibulla
P. westergaardi
Parapostibulla
P. belli
P. graysoni
Eopostibulla
Pyrgopostibulla

Torquerisediscus
Cooperidiscus
Dynocystis
Stalticodiscus
Ulrichidiscus
Clavidiscus
Discocystis
Hypsiclavus
Spiraclavus
Giganticlavus
Lispidecodus 
L. plinthotus (Kesling, 1967)

参考文献

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