许蕾姆苏丹

罗克塞拉娜（Roxelana，），土耳其语称许蕾姆（Hürrem，意为“歡笑者”），阿拉伯语称卡里玛（كريمة，意为“尊贵者”），奥斯曼帝国苏丹苏莱曼一世的蘇丹-{后}-。

羅克塞拉娜原名已不可考，但在19世纪乌克兰民间传说中，她被称为“安娜斯塔西娅”，波兰传说则称其为“亚历山德拉·利索斯卡”，在其他欧洲语言中通称其为羅克塞拉娜，意为“來自羅塞尼亞的女郎”。

柔克塞拉娜出身于一个羅加京（当时属于波兰）附近的一个乌克兰东正教家庭。在一次克里米亚汗国对当地的劫掠中被掠为奴，并被售往伊斯坦布尔，因为颇有幾分姿色，她被挑选进入苏丹的后宫。很快她就获得了苏莱曼一世的宠爱。在一次后宫的争宠过程中，柔克塞拉娜被蘇丹宠妃居尔巴哈尔苏丹殴打，盛怒之下的苏莱曼一世立即将居尔巴哈尔苏丹，连同她的爱子穆斯塔法皇子（当时的王储）一同流放，后又将穆斯塔法处死。

柔克塞拉娜为苏莱曼生了6个孩子，其后更是令人吃惊地成为他的正室。在其影响下，终其一生奥斯曼帝国和其祖国波兰都保持了和平。苏莱曼一世逝世后，柔克塞拉娜的儿子塞利姆二世继承了苏丹宝座。

柔克塞拉娜在伊斯坦布尔、耶路撒冷和麦加等地修建了大量的公共建筑，著名的有许蕾姆苏丹公共浴场等。

柔克塞拉娜传奇的一生成为许多艺术作品的题材，其中有名的有约瑟夫·海顿的63号交响曲等；在近世將近200年的時間裡，她是成為烏克蘭和土耳其許多小說和電視劇的女主角，不過她的一生和成就相對其原生存時代來說僅屬於例外。

圖集

註釋

延伸阅读
Leslie Peirce.  Empress of the East: How a European Slave Girl Became Queen of the Ottoman Empire.  New York  Basic Books, 2017.  .
There are many historical novels in English about Roxelana: P.J. Parker's Roxelana and Suleyman  (2012; Revised 2016); Barbara Chase Riboud's Valide (1986); Alum Bati's Harem Secrets (2008); Colin Falconer, Aileen Crawley (1981–83), and Louis Gardel (2003); Pawn in Frankincense, the fourth book of the Lymond Chronicles by Dorothy Dunnett; and pulp fiction author Robert E. Howard in The Shadow of the Vulture imagined Roxelana to be sister to its fiery-tempered female protagonist, Red Sonya.
David Chataignier, "Roxelane on the French Tragic Stage (1561-1681)" in Fortune and Fatality: Performing the Tragic in Early Modern France, ed. Desmond Hosford and Charles Wrightington (Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2008), 95-117.
Thomas M. Prymak, "Roxolana: Wife of Suleiman the Magnificent," Nashe zhyttia/Our Life, LII, 10 (New York, 1995), 15–20. An illustrated popular-style article in English with a bibliography.
Zygmunt Abrahamowicz, "Roksolana," Polski Slownik Biograficzny, vo. XXXI (Wroclaw-etc., 1988–89), 543–5. A well-informed article in Polish by a distinguished Polish Turkologist.
Galina Yermolenko, "Roxolana: The Greatest Empresse of the East," The Muslim World, 95, 2 (2005), 231–48. Makes good use of European, especially Italian, sources and is familiar with the literature in Ukrainian and Polish.
Galina Yermolenko (ed.), Roxolana in European Literature, History and Culture (Farmham, UK: Ashgate, 2010). 318 pp. Illustrated. Contains important articles by Oleksander Halenko and others, as well as several translations of works about Roxelana from various European literatures, and an extensive bibliography.
For Ukrainian language novels, see Osyp Nazaruk (1930) (English translation is available), Mykola Lazorsky (1965), Serhii Plachynda (1968), and Pavlo Zahrebelnyi (1980).
There have been novels written in other languages: in French, a fictionalized biography by Willy Sperco (1972); in German, a novel by Johannes Tralow (1944, reprinted many times); a very detailed novel in Serbo-Croatian by Radovan Samardzic (1987); one in Turkish by Ulku Cahit (2001).

外部链接

University of Calgary | Roxelana
Roxelana's tomb

Category:奥斯曼帝国政治人物
Category:伊萬諾-弗蘭科夫斯克州人
Category:由基督教改信伊斯蘭教者
Category:蘇丹皇太后
Category:立陶宛大公国人物