白头蝰

白头蝰（学名：）或称白头缅蝰，，为蝰科白头蝰属的爬行动物，俗名白缺蝰。分布于缅甸、越南以及中国大陆的浙江、安徽、福建、江西、广西、四川、贵州、云南、西藏、陕西、甘肃等地，常见于丘陵及山区以及栖息于山区草地、麦田兰草堆下、路边、碎石地、稻田、甘蔗田边及甘薯地旁的草丛中。其生存的海拔范围为100至2220米。该物种的模式产地在缅甸。

本种原为单型属白头蝰属唯一的一种，学名为 Azemiops feae。2013年，有学者根据形态特征将白头蝰属（Azemiops）拆分为两种, 大致以越南的河内以及中国昆明和攀枝花为界, 以东为新种 Azemiops kharini, 该种主要在中国分布, 且该类群在未拆分前就因头部特征被称之为“白头蝰”, 因此, 将其中文名冠以“白头蝰”；以西为 Azemiops feae, 中文名则改为“黑头蝰”。

 保护 
本种于2023年被收录入《有重要生态、科学、社会价值的陆生野生动物名录》。

 参考文献 

延伸閱讀

 Boulenger GA. 1888. An account of the reptilia obtained in Burma, north of Tenasserium, by M[onsieur]. L. Fea, of the Genoa Civic Museum. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova (2) 6: 593-604 [602].
 Boulenger GA. 1893-1896. Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History)., Vol. I. (1893), Containing the families Typhlopidæ, Glauconiidæ, Boidæ, Ilysiidæ, Uropeltidæ, Xenopeltidæ, and Colubridæ Aglyphæ, part. xiii, 448 pp., 28 pls.; Vol. III. (1896), Containing the Colubridæ (Opisthoglyphæ and Proteroglyphæ), Amblycephalidæ, and Viperidæ. xiv, 727 pp., 25 pls. Trustees of the British Museum. London.
 Liem KF, Marx H, Rabb GB. 1971. The viperid snake Azemiops: Its comparative cephalic anatomy and phylogenic position in relation to Viperinae and Crotalinae. Fieldiana: Zoology. Chicago. 59: 67-126.
 Kardong KV. 1986. Observations on live Azemiops feae, Fea’s viper. Herpetological Review 17 (4): 81-82.
 Mara WP. 1993. Venomous Snakes of the World. TFH Publications. 275 pp. .
 Marx H, Olechowski TS. 1970. Fea's viper and the common gray shrew: a distribution note on predator and prey. Journal of Mammalogy 51: 205.
 Mebs D, Kuch U, Meier J. 1994. Studies on venom and venom apparatus of Feae's viper, Azemiops feae. Toxicon 32 (10): 1275-8.
 Orlov N. 1997. Viperid snakes (Viperidae Bonaparte, 1840) of Tam-Dao mountain range. Russian Journal of Herpetology 4 (1): 67-74.
 Zhao R, Er-Mi TH, Zhao G. 1981. Notes on Fea's viper from China. Acta Herpetologica Sinica 5 (11): 66-71.

外部連接


 Fea's Viper at Life is Short but Snakes are Long 
 . Accessed 25 May 2007.

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